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.^^.".S^saai^
WEST AVORCESTERSHIRE WORDS.
/
A GLOSSARY OP
WEST WOECESTEESHIKE WOEDS
Bt Mrs. CHAMBEELAIN.
WITH GL08SIC NOTES BY THOMAS HALLAM.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOE THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY
BT TEiJBHEE & CO., LUDGATE HILL.
V
CONTENTS.
PEEFACE
CUBES
• • • • • •
BUPEEflTinONS
SIGNS AND CUSTOMS
PBONTJNCIATION ...
VEEBS ...
DICTIONARIES AND GLOSSARIES QUOTED
GLOSSARY
ADDENDA
• •
vu
• • •
vm
ix
xi
• • •
XUl
XXV
xxviii
36
LOCAL SAYINGS ON THE SEASONS AND WEATHER
LOCAL PROVERBS ON GENERAL SUBJECTS ...
37
39
WORCESTERSHIRE SONG
• • • a • •
40
This Glossary ranks as 0. 28 in the Original Series.
vu
PREFACE.
This glossaiy of West-Worcestershire words, now published by
the English Dialect Society, has been compiled with a view to further
one object of the Society's work, viz. to ascertain in what different
districts the use of the same word prevails. To this I would call
the attention of critics outside the Society, who are apt to conclude,
when they meet in a local glossary with an old word with which
they are familiar, that the compiler fancied its use was peculiar to
his own county.
There is no need to account further for the raison cPitre of the
work, which records (imperfectly, I fear) some of the words and
modes of speech of the old Worcestershire folks, whose dialect,
though interesting and peculiar, has hitherto received little attention.
Under the teaching of certificated masters in government schools
the dialect is being rapidly modified; perhaps on the whole it is
strange it does not disappear faster. Young people educated in these
schools will often talk among themselves in broad Worcestershire,
while they address their pastors, masters, and betters in the nearest
approach to Queen's English to which they have been able to attain.
There are many expressions commonly used by the old people,
which from the mouth of an educated person would be thought
pedantic, or to savour of American slang. Daunt (pronounced
daJmt) is used for dishearten; a book or newspaper is pWoiLsed
(perused) ; a greedy boy is told not to be covetchous ; a baby or a
geranium cutting is rated (reared) ; and a woman apologizing for
an untidy room would say, * I be in a plight sure-ly, I never see
via PREFACE.
such a farm (form) as the things be in.' A sharp boy is said to be
cute, to have plenty of ffumptioii, and is called a dab at his lessons.
The unsophisticated nature of the people will best be shown by
the mention of some of their superstitions and cures, almost all of
which I have known to be put in practice during the last five years.
. CURES.
Whooping-cough is prescribed for by a woman who has married
for her second husband a man whose name is the same as was her
maiden name. Bread and butter ^vith sugar on it is the favourite
remedy, but whatever she orders is thought a certain cure. (1878.)
Whooping-cough is also cured by cutting twenty hairs from the
nape of the patient's neck ; these are placed between slices of bread
and butter, and given to the first strange dog that passes the house ;
the Lord's Prayer is repeated over him, and then he is let go, and
carries away the disease. (1880.)
Coughs are cured by holding a frog to the mouth of the patient,
who must breathe into the mouth of the frog. A woman related how
she had cured her child in this manner, and added, * It went to my
heart to hear the poor frog go coughing about the garden.* (1879.)
Hands or feet *gone to sleep' are cured by spitting on the
finger and crossing the afflicted member.
Bleeding of the nose is cured by standing opposite the patient,
bowing to him, and then squeezing hard the little finger on the side
of the nostril from which the bleeding comes.
Bums on the hands are cured by spitting on the place, and rub-
bing it behind the left ear. This must be performed by the patient
himself; if he names it to any one the charm will be broken.
Snake-bites are cured by killing a fowl and placing the warm
entrails on the poisoned part.
Warts are cured by the sign of the cross and the repetition of
the Gloria Patri. Tliis can only be done by one who has the gift of
charming.
PKEFACE. IX
Shingles are cured by the use of ointment made of grease and
dust from a church belL See Dodment. (1880.)
Sore eyes are cured with rain water caught on Ascension Day.
(1878.)
The dernier ressort of the superstitious is * Good- Friday bread.'
This consists of a small piece of dough placed in the oven on Good
Friday morning, atid baked until perfectly hard throughout. It is
then hung up to the roof^ and when all other remedies fail, a little
of it, grated, is given to the patient. If this does not cure him, Jie
is to die, and all further efforts may be abandoned.^
Fate is firmly believed in. A woman whose child was burnt for
the second time, through sheer carelessness, brought it to a doctor,
who blamed her for not taking more precaution. She sobbed out,
* That 'oodna be o' no sart o* use, ahl the naayghbours says *e*s ham
to be burnt/' (1878.)
A disease in the hoof of cattle, called *the foul,' is cured by
cutting a sod on which the foot has pressed, and hanging it up on a
blackthorn bush. As it dries the foot will heal. (1878.)
Lameness in a horse caused by a nail is cured by thrusting the
nail into a piece of bacon. As it rusts the wound will heal. (1879.)
SUPERSTITIONS.
It is bad luck to take a few of the first spring flowers into a
house where the owners keep poultry. It insures a bad year for the
'gulls.'
Picking flowers before they are full-blown causes a * pouk ' (sty)
in the eye.
It is bad luck to cut a baby's nails before it is twelve months old,
as it will then grow up * light-fingered.' If necessary the nails are
bitten. (1878.)
It is also bad luck to let a child see its face in the glass till it is
a year old.
' Some persons use it as a cure for diarrhuea only.
X PREFACE.
It is unlucky to have any wet ashes in the house in the interval
between Christmas Eve and Twelfth Day; it is also bad luck to
bring in ' strange fire/ i, e. lights or fuel from another house, in that
period. (1878.)
It is unlucky to have the New Year 'let in ' by a woman or girL
It is unlucky to have no mistletoe hanging in the house. The
fresh buncb is hung on New Year's Day ; a small piece of last year's
bunch is always kept untH then.
It is unlucky to plant the first potato or any garden crops until
Good Friday,
It is unlucky if the tail of the first lamb you see is towards yoiu
It is unlucky to remove the dead body of an animal that dies in
the field.
It is unlucky to have the poker and tongs on the same side of the
fireplace : the inmates of the room will quarrel
It is bad for the same reason to sit in a room with three candles
burning.
It is unlucky to call a child before baptism by the name you
mean to give it. (1877.)
It is unlucky to have the bishop's left hand on your head at
confirmation. (1878.)
It is unlucky for a wedding party to be in church while the
clock is striking.
It is unlucky to dream of being in church. (1879.)
It is unlucky to dream of silver or copper ; to dream of gold is
lucky. (1879.)
It is unlucky to dream of * setting flowers in the earth ' in com-
pany with another person. You will be certain to hear ill news of
them the next day. ( 1 878. )
PREFACE. XI
CHABHS AGAINST ILL-LUCK, ETO.
If in walking under a ladder you spit, the luck will be turned.
If two persons wash their hands at the same time in one bowl,
they must spit in the water, or a quarrel will arise between them.
To avert the ill-luck of knives being crossed on the table, the
lower one should be gently withdrawn, while the words 'Blessed
are the peacemakers ' are said.
To make bees swarm, kill a toad.
A spider enclosed in a nutshell, and worn in a bag hung round
the neck, is a charm against toothache.
SIGNS AND CUSTOMS.
If the first snow hangs in the trees, it is a sign that the coming
year will be a good one for fruit.
If the sun shines on Candlemas Day sufficiently warm for the
cat to bask in it, it is a sign that there will be more hard weather.
(1879.)
If the wind is in the west at 12 p.m. on Candlemas Day, it will
be a good year for fruit.
A white bird is a sign of death.
' Telling the bees ' of a death in the family 13 thus performed.
Bap three times on the hive with the front door key, and whisper
your loss^ say of a brother, in these words :
' Bees, bees, my brother is dead.
Will you stay and work for me ? *
' Crying the mare ' was performed not many years since in much
the same maimer as is described by Hartshome in Salopia Antiqua,
On New Yearns Day the children go from house to house, chanting :
' I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year,
A pocket full of money and a cellar full of beer,
And a good fat pig to serv^e you all the year ;
Please to give me a New Year's gift.*
Veal is always eaten on Mid-lent — Mothering Sunday.
Xll PREFACE.
On May-day branches of silver birch hung with cowslip balls are
fastened to the side of the doorways ; over the door liang garlands of
evergreen, tinsel, and paper flowers.
On first hearing the cuckoo the purse should be turned in the
pocket, to insure its having money in it all the year round.
Whatever you are doing when you finit hear the cuckoo will be
your chief occupation during the next twelve months.
These examples will suffice to show how old-fashioned ways, as
well as old-fashioned words, have survived in this district.
It only remains to offer my sincere thanks to those friends who
have sent me contributions, or otherwise assisted me. These are the
Eevds. Sir F. A. G. Ouseley, Archdeacon Lea, C. Wordsworth, C.
Allen, T. Ayscough Smith, K. Burton, and W. Rayson; E. V.
Wheeler, W. Claxton, and G. W. Grosvenor, Esqs. Valuable con-
tributions were received from the late John Barber, Esq., of The
Jewkes, Tenbury ; and the late Joseph Jones, Esq., of Abberley Hall.
I have also to thank the Honorary Secretary of the E. D. S.,
T. Hallam, Esq., and Prof. Skeat, for advice and help in the work
of compilation.
K L. Chamberlain.
Hagley, Sept. 1882.
Xlll
PRONUNCIATION.
1. The short A between two consonants, as in nian and plank,
is in some cases pronounced like the o in mop^
as { mon, gotheVy catch, rot,
for ( man, gather, catch^ rat.
2. The long A, as in male, is sometimes sounded like the Italian
atf sometimes becomes dissyllabic — ai-u. These sounds are written
respectively (1) oat/ and (2) aiii throughout the Glossary,
(1) as r aai/l, taay% plaayH,
for ( ale, tale, plate.
(2) ajid ( plains, maiiid, taiuk.
for ( place, made, t^ke.
3. A as a separate unaccented syllable has the sound of u in ugh,
4. A before a soft ng has the sound written aag,
as ( raaynge, straaynge, daaynger, maaynger,
for ( range, strange, danger, manger.
5. Ai and Ay have usually the sound written aay as above, but
occasionally in words of more than one syllable this is contracted, so
as to resemble the y in rhyme,
£is { M^y-daay, r^yny,
for ( May-day, rainy.
In the names of the days of the week ay is shortened, as Sundy,
Moud//, <&c.
XIV PRONUNCIATION.
6. An becomes (1) a^, or (2) else has the sound (rather prolonged)
of i4 in AnUf
as ( dahter, da7i?it, annt,
for ( daughter, daunt, aunt.
(3). An in audacious becomes ow,
7. D (1) following I at the close of a word is often turned into /,
as ( holt, tolt,
for ( hold, told.
This is generally done in f^peaking emphatically ; (2) when less
stress is laid on them these words would be —
^owdy toted,
8. D is added at the end of some monosyllables, after n,
as i shevmd, goicnd,
for ( shewn, gown.
9. E short, as in net, becomes a in some cases after y,
for ( yes, yellow.
10. E in pretty is pronounced as e and not i, as in Standard
EnglisL
11. E in me, when unemphatic, has the sound of u in ugh; this
is written me throughout the Glossary.
12. Ea has (1) the sound of a long or ay,
as (pays, tay, banes, stale,
for ( peas, tea, beans, steale.
Ea (2) in the class of words hear, wear, &c,, has the sound of
aJt = hahr, wahr,
13. Ee in some monosyllables becomes i short,
as r wik, fit, ship,
for ( week, feet, sheep.
14. Ere is pronounced ahr, in such words as where, there, which
become vfahr, thahr,
15. Ey, as in grey, becomes aay,
as ( thaay, prcuiy, survaayor,
iot \ they, prey, surveyor.
PRONUNCIATION. XV
16. H at the beginning of syllables is always dropped. It is
substituted for w before o or oo by emphatic speakers,
as j hoodf hool, hoonian,
for ( wood, wool, woman.
17. I as a separate unaccented syllable, between consonants, is
turned into a or ti,
as { charahjj merrully,
for ( charity, merrily.
18. I in a few accented syllables becomes e short,
as isetf sperritf sennew,
for ( sit, spirit, sinew.
19. lo in violent, violei, &c., is transposed, becoming a diphthong
— voyJent, voylet,
20. L is mute after o long, or ow, which then take the sound of
ow in cow, written aow in the Glossary,
as r caowd, taowd, maowd,
for ( cold, told, mould.
21. H becomes m (!) before b and p,
as ( Tembury,^ tempence.
for ( Tenbury, tenpence.
(2) in turnip = turmit.
22. Hg in present participles, verbal nouns, and some other
words, has the sound of the nasal n only,
as ( walking runnin', ^untin\ nothin\
for ( walking, running, hunting, nothing.
23. H is also substituted of n^ in length and strength = tenth,
etrenth,
24. short before r becomes a short,
as ( earn, arder, mamin\
for ( com, order, morning.
* It is remarkable, however, that Tembury accidentally comes nearer to
the original form of the name, since Tenbury is Teme-hury, the town on
the Teme.
XVi PRONUNCIATION.
25. long in words or syllables with a silent e following, or in
open syllables, becomes diphthongal,
as ( 8fou7i, lounsojne, pouny.
for ( stone, lonesome, pony.
26. Oa (1) becomes diphthongal,
as { coaty roddf foal,
for \ coat, road, foal.
(2) in oats = tmts,
(3) becomes w in a final unaccented syllable, as petticut for
petticoat.
27. Oi has the sound of i only,
as { pHnty finef Vile.
for ( point, join, boil.
28. Oo becomes u before a final Tc or /,
as ifiUy sMck, hruck.
for ( foot, shook, brook.
29. Ongh is almost always pronounced as in plough^ and is
written aow in the Glossary,
as J enaoto^ fhraoiVj thaow, thaowt.
for \ enough, through, though, thought.
N.B. A person who spoke the dialect broadly would infallibly
say, * I haowt this 'ere coat,' yet if he wished to inform you that it
was ready made, he would most likely add, * Tis a bough ten 'un.'
30. Ow (1) in the class cow, down, town, &c. has the same sound
as in Standard English.
(2) In the class blow, groto, siww, it is pronounced as a diph-
thong. Such words are written aoio in the Glossary.
(3) In a final unaccented syllable oio is pronounced «7,
as J barrily hirnl, to-viomi.
for ( barrow, burrow, to-morrow.
31. B is transposed in children, and hundred = childem,
* under d.
32. S is transposed in ask = aks.
PRONUNCIATION. XVll
33. T is conyeited into ch before a final ouSy uotis, or ual,
as j covechotis, sptnehu&us, spin'chual,
for I covetous, spirituous, spiritual
34. Th becomes t in fifth and sixth = fiftf sixt.
35. Tin becomes on at the beginning of a word, '
as i onlucki/y ontidy.
for ( unlucky, untidy.
36. TT in put is sounded as in but.
37. W is omitted at the beginning of some words before o, oo,
or oti, when these letters are pronounced oo,
as { ^Ooster, odd, odd.
for ( Worcester, wood, would.
38. Wh has the sound of io only,
as ( vfen, w^ahr, w^at.
for ( when, where, what.
The pronunciation of the following words is to be noted : —
Breadth, pronaitnced Brenth.
Death,
>9
Dyuth.
Gate,
»
Yat and gaiiit
Gone.
99
Gon.
Head,
»>
Yud.
Home,
99
Gam, oaiim, woaiim, and wum.
Master,
>»
Maaster.
Water,
»
Watter.
The numbers of the paragraphs agree with those of the glonsic
equivalents.
XIX
GLOSSIC EQUIVALENTS
TO THE SOUNDS REFERRED TO OR CONTAINED IN THE
FOREGOING CHAPTER ON PRONUNCIATION,
BY THOMAS HALLAM.
N.B. The numbers 1, 2, 3, &c, agree with those of the respective
paragraphs in the chapter. The Glossic equivalents are given in
square brackets,
1. = [o] generally : a few words have the vowel of medial length
= [:o*] or ['AU'], as man, can, v., &c. See Note I.
2. (1) = [-^7].
(2) = [:e'u'] or [:ai*u']. In this class of words containing a
long with e final, there is considerable diversity of pronunciation.
See Note II.
3. = [u*].
4. = [:aa*y].
5. (1) = ['.aay]. Slow speakers might sometimes use [aay].
(2) The sound intended by the author is [ahy] or [:ah'y] :
May-day = [Mahy-duia'y] ; and rainy = [rahyni*].
6. (1) = [aa-]. (2) = [a'-]. (3) = [uw] or [uuw].
7. (1) = [t]. (2) = [:aowd] and [t:ao:wd].
8. = [d].
9. = [aa].
10. = [ae].
11. = [u'].
12. (1) = [ai-]. (2) = [:aa-] or [aa*].
13. (1) = [ee-]. (2) = [i].
14. = [:aaV] or [aaV].
XX QLOSSIC EQUIVALENTS.
15. = [»a'y].
17. = [u*] generally.
18. = [ae].
19. = 1 [oy] or [ahy].
20. = [:ao-w].
21. = [m].
22 and 23. = [n].
24. = [:aa'] generally.
25. = [:ao'w].
26. (1) = [ao-w]. (2) = [wuts]. (3) = [u'].
27. = [:uy] or [uy].
28. = [u].
29. = [:ao-w].
30. (1) = [:u-w] or [uw]. (2) = [»o-w]. (3) = [u'].
31. = [chil-duVn], [un-duVd].
34. = [t].
35. = [on].
36. = [u].
37. Oy 00 and ou = [55] or [:oo'].
38. = [w].
XXI
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION.
BY T. HALLAM.
It is perhaps necessary to note that the vmcelsy diphthongs^ and
votod diagraphs treated of in these notes are those in accented
syllables.
The examples are all selected from words actually heard and
recorded by the writer during visits to West Worcestershire, in the
years 1880, 1881, and 1882.
I. A in dosed syllables : —
1 = [aa] in the largest section of these words, as and emph.,
bad, glad, hand, wagon, &c.
2 = [:aa*] in some cases, as cart, chance, glass, grass, hark,
man, &c.
3 = [a*-] in a few words, — heard the following : Ann, man,
married, that.
4 := [.ah*] before r, by old people at Bewdley and Tenbury —
in cart, farthing, garden, hard, jar, married, parsnips, &c.
5 = [o] and [:o'] or [aiu*] ; see paragraph 1, supi-a,
II. A — e, as in gate, male, plate, &c. In this class of words there is
very considerable variety in the pronunciation of a. The prevail-
ing forms, however, seem to be [ai*] and [:e'u*].
I give below the pronunciation of most of the words in this
class which were heard and recorded at various places in West
Worcestershire. After each word the initials of the places are
given at which it was recorded, viz. : —
b a
XXll ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION.
A = Abberley ; B = Bewdley ; D = Droitwich ; E = Elders-
field; K = Kidderminster; S = Saleway (2 miles S. of
Droitwich) ; T = Tenbury ; and W = Worcester.
Whenever any word was recorded more than once for any place
or places, the number of times is given in parentheses after the
respective initials.
Sounds,
[ai-] in : gate [gyai't] T (2) ; lame B (2) T; lane E ; made S ;
make B ; name AB (2) STW (3) ; rate B ; same BD ; take
AB (2) STW ; toothache T.
[:e-u'] in: ale T; lame A (2) ET; name K; place DT (2) ;
plate T ; same T ; take E ; tale T.
[:ai'u'] in : lame ST ; name T.
[aiy] in : named W.
[e-] in : bake T ; take T.
[:e-] in ; age D ; gate [gy:e*t] W.
[:ee*u*] in ; cake T ; gate [giee'u't] T.
Also : gate = [gyeyt] W (2), [g:ae-tt] E, [gy:ae-t] T, [gyaett] K,
and [gyuut] B : and ; ale = [yae-1] T.
Several other forms were given by a woman 82 years of age
(1882), a native of Tenbury ; but these are probably individualities.
They are, at any rate, curious :
aia, aiiui, la, i:a ', laa, i:aa, i:ae', raa, i »e'J.
See par. 2, supra,
III. CI- = [kl] not [tl], in clear, Clee Hills, clock, &c.
IV. E. = [ae] in closed syllables generally — as eggs, kettle, tell,
very, wench, &c. .
V. E in be, me, we, when under stress = [ee*] or [-.ee*].
VI. Ea. — In this diagraph there is great diversity of pronunciation.
VII. Ee. — 1 = [ee*] or [-.ee*] generally — as in green, see, thee, three,
trees.
2 = [i] in a few words. See par. 14, supra.
VIII. Gl- = [gl] not [dl], as m glass, &c.
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PRONUNCIATION. XXlll
IX. I in closed syllables : —
1 = [i], as in big, bring, finger, in, it, little, six, this, &c.
2 = [d'] in some cases, as live.
X. I long or diphthongal : —
1 = [uy] or [:u'y] generally — ^as in child, likely, mind, night,
right, side, writes, &c.
2 = [uuy] or [:uu*y], occasional variants. KB. There may
sometimes occur forms intermediate between Nos. 1 and 2.
XI. in closed syllables : —
1 = [o] in the large class of words — as clock, drop, got, not, on,
Tom, yonder, &c.
2 = [u] in the class having this spund in Standard Englisli —
as another, a-comin', money, other, &c. : the variant [qu] is
sometimes used.
3,= [:u-] in son; [:uu"] may occur.
XII. Oo. — 1 = [oo'] and [roo*] generally — as in afternoon, good,
rooks, school, soon, wood = [:oo'd], &c.
2 = [oo] in look, toothache.
XIII. On in the class — about, account, house, out, &c., is generally
s=s [uw] ; and at times = [uuw] : moreover, the first element of
these diphthongs is sometimes of medial quantity.
XrV. B medial and final is often reverted = [,r].
XV. JJ short in closed syllables : —
1 = [u] generally — as in but, jump, mutton, run, summer^ up, &c.
2. The variant [uu] occasionaUy occurs. N.B. In some cases the
sound may be intermediate between these.
XVL TJ long or diphthongal is generally pronounced as in Standard
English.
XXV
VERBS.
I be, or bin.
Thee bist.
*£ or 'er be, or 'e*8.
I wuz, or were.
Thee wust
*£ were.
I binna.
Thee bistna.
'£ binna.
TO BE.
PreMenL
Us be, or bin.
You be.
Thaay be, or bin.
Past.
Us wnz, or were.
You wuz.
Thaay wuz.
Negative (present).
Us binna.
You binna.
Thaay binna.
Negative {past).
I wasna, wuzna, or womt. Us wasna, wuzna, or woma.
Thee wasna, wuzna, or womt. You wasna, wuzna, or woma.
'£ wasna, wuzna, or woma. Thaay wasna, wuzna, woma, or
wom't.
Interrog. and Neg, (present).
Binna 1 1 Binna, or baint us 1
Bistnatheel Binna yiil
Binna 'e, or baint 'e 1 Binna thaay 1
Interrog. and Neg. (past).
Wasna I ) Wasna, or werena us 1
Werena thee % Wasna yu 1
Wasna 'e, or werena 'e? Wasna thaay)
XXVI
VERBS.
TO HAVE.
I 'ave, or 'a.
Thee 'st, or thee 'ast.
'E, 'a, or 'er 'as.
Present,
Us 'as, or 'ave.
You 'ave, or 'a.
Thaay 'as.
I 'ad.
Thee 'adst.
'E'ad.
Past
Us 'ad.
You 'ad.
Thaay 'ad.
I 'aona, or 'avna.
Thee 'asna.
'E 'anna, or 'asna.
Negative (present).
Us 'anna, or 'avna.
Yer 'anna, or 'avna.
Thaay 'anna, or 'asna.
I 'adna
Thee 'adstna.
'E 'adna.
Negative (past).
Us 'adna, or adn't.
You 'adna, or 'adn't.
Thaay 'adna, or 'adn't.
'Anna 11
'Astna thee %
'An't 'e 1
Interrog, (
and Neg. (present),
'An't us ?
'Anna yu ?
'Anna thaay !
Interrog,
Adna 11
'Adna, or 'adstna thee 1
'Adna ^e?
. and Neg. (past),
'Adna, or 'adn't us 1
Adstna yu ?
'Adna thaay 1
AUXILIARIES.
SHALL.
IsholL
Thee sholl, or sholt.
'E sholl.
Us sholl.
You sholl.
Thaay sholl.
I shud, or shood.
Thee shudst, &c.
'E shud.
Us shud.
You shud.
Thaay shud.
VERBS.
XXVU
I shanna, or shollna.
Thee shanna, or shollna.
'E shanna, or shollna.
I shudna, or shoSdna.
Thee shudna, or shudstna.
'E shudna.
Negative.
Us shanna, or shollna.
You shanna, or shollna.
Thaay shanna, or shollna.
Us shudna.
You sliudna.
Thaay shudna.
Interrog, and Neg,
Shanna I, or sholna II &c. Shanna, or sholna us) &c.
Shoodna I ) Shoodna us 1 &c.
Shoodstna thee ) &c.
I '6oL
Thee *6ol, or 661st.
E 'ool.
I'SSd.
Thee '5od,' or 'oodst.
'E *oSd.
WILL.
Us '651.
You '661.
Thaay '66L
Us '66d.
You '66d.
Thaay '66d.
Negative,
I '661na, or wunt. Us '661na, or wunna.
Thee '661na, or '66l8tna, or wunna. You *661na, or wunna.
E '661na, or wunna. Thaay '661na, or wunna.
I 'oodna, &c. Us '66dna, &c.
Interrog, and Neg,
Oolna I, or wunt I ? &c. '061na, or wunt us, &c.
'66dnal?&c. '56dnaus1
CAN.
I con, &c.
I cud, &c.
Us con, &c.
Us cud, or cood, &c.
xxvm
I conna, &c.
I coodna, &c.
Conna 1 1
Coodna 1 1 &c.
I mun, or in6on.
Thee mun, or munst.
'E mun, or moon.
VERBS.
Negative.
Us conna, &c
Us coodna, &c
Interrog, and Neg,
Conna us 1 &c.
Coodna us 1 &c.
MUST.
Us mun, or moon.
You mim, or mo5n.
Tliaay mun, or moon.
Neg.
I munna, or mus'na. Us munna, or mus'na.
Theemunna,ormunnut,ormus'na. You munna, or mus'na.
E munna, or mus'na. Thaay munna, or mus'na.
Interrog. and Neg.
Munna I, or mus'oa 1 1 &c. Munna us, or mus'na us ? &c.
DICTIONARIES AND GLOSSARIES QUOTED.
* Promptorium Parvulorum.' Ed. Camden Society.
' Eay's Glossaries.' Ed. E. D. S.
* Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary.' Rev. J. Bosworth, 1868.
* Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words.' J. 0. Halliwell,
Ed. 1874.
'Dictionary of English Etymologies.' H. Wedgwood, 1872.
And in the latter part a ' Concise Etymological Dictionary of the
English Language.' Rev. Prof. W. W. Skeat, 1879—1882.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
A, v. to have, present and impeiative moods. "Er a gon' awaay/
8?ie has gone avKty, * A done, 551 ee I ' Have done, wiU you I
Ay pron, he ; she ; it. ' Wahr bin a 9' * Thar a comes/ may mean
either Where ie Ac, $he, or it 9 &c.
A, prep, at ; in. * 'E were a chu'ch o' Sund'y.' ' TSr^s a bed mighty
bad, wi' a paay'n a top o' 'er ynd.' In all these cases a has the
sound of u in ^ (standard English).
Abear, v. to tolerate ; to endure. * I canna ahar to see 'un.' * 'E's
'ad the tttthaohe that desprit till 'e couldn't scahrcely ahar it.'
Abide, v, to suffer ; to endure. ' Mother, 'er never could abide that
thahr mon.'
Above-a-bit, adverbial phrase^ extremely. 'These 'ere bad times
werrits me ahove-a-hU^ thaay do ; I dunno Vat to do, no more than
the dyud' (dead).
Accord, V, to agree. Pronounced aeeard. * 'Im an' 'er can't aeeard
together no waay.' Ohauoer, Card. Talea^ Prologue, 832 :
< And I it recorde
If eren-song and morwe-song accorde.*
Accmnnlate, v. to unite for a common purpose. Pronounced acei^
mvMaU, * Us acdsmtdlaied to go to 'SSster together o' Saturd'y.'
Ackem, n. acorn. 'As sound as an aekeni* is a local proverb,
applied to everything from a horse to a nut.
Ackenpire, v. Applied to potatoes, &c which begin to sprout
while still in the ground.
Adlandi, n. the strip of ^und left at the end of a field for the plough
to turn on. Oorruption of headlands.
Afore, prep, before. '(Tome an' see we afore yii goes awaay.*
Sometimes pronounced afaour*
Agate, prep, set going; on the way; begun. 'Owd Jem's agaJte
now uv 'is taay^ls ; thahr '11 be no stoppin' un.' * Thahr's a dill o'
fevers asait this 'ot weather.' — Coigrave makes use of agate, s. v.
brtmhaler and hroueter.
Ah-them, n. hawthorn.
B
i
2 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Aigle, n. icicla 'See ahl them aigles 'angin' to the thack; 'tis
mighty teart this mamin*.'
Aild, V. to ail. ' This casselty weather dunna suit the owd folks ;
grandad's hut aildirC like.'
Aim, V. to attempt ; to endeavour. ' 'Er aimed to pick it up, but
'twere too 'eavy fur 'er to 'eft it.'
Ait, V, to throw. * The lad aited a stoUn, an' 'it the 'arse o' the yud.'
Ail-about, upside-down ; confused. ^ To think as the missis should
come to see me, an* my'ouse ahl^ahauJt like this I ' «
All-about-it, the whole matter. ' Thee canna go to-daay ; thee mun
stop at oaiim, an' that's ahl^ahovi-iV
All-aA-is, all that remains. ' The pot's purty nigh emp, but 111 give
'ee ahl'OS'is,*
All-as-one, all the sama ' Thee can go, ar Bill ; 'tis ahl-as-onej
Anant, prep. near. ' Put down them faggits anani the door.'
Anenst, prep, opposite. ' Thaay lives right anemd we.'
Anti-tnmp, n. ant-hill.
Anunst, prep, same as Anant (Kidderminster.)
Apem, or Appem, n, apron. See Wedgwood. ' '£r puck up the
chats, an carr'd 'em off in 'er appem*
Archert, n, orchard.
Arrand, or Arrant, n. errand. ' Our Bill 's a good li'le chap ta run
uv a arrand t 'e dunna laowse (lose) much time o' the waay.' Also
applied to marketings, purchases, &c. ' Fetching an arrand ' is
always the expression used. 'The folks next door be goin' to
market, an' thaay be a-goin' to fetch my arrants fsLc mS.'
Asgill, n. a newt. ' The gentlefolks is ac'tuUy that ignerunt, thaay
thinks as asgiUa canna do no 'arm I ' Cf. ask in HalliwelL
Afllat. Pronounced azdat^ n, (1) the liver, lungs, &c of a pig.
^2) a dish composed of these parts, wrapped in the caul, and
bi^ed with sage and onions. See Pegge's Kenticisms. s. v. Harcdd,
Athirt, prep, athwart. See Wedgwood under Thwart. Boatman.
* Bring 'er athirt the river. Bill.'
Aurmst, n, harvest. ' I doubts us 'ull 'ave a dreadful bad aumui
this year.'
Ansa, v. to try ; to attempt. See Oss. ' I roiid this 'ere pouny ahl
the waay to Bewdley, an' 'e never wunst aused to shy.'
Avoirdupois, v, to think over; to consider, weigh mentally. Fr,
avoirdupois. Pronounced awerdepoy. * Father an' me, we've atwer-
depoyed it over, an' us thinks as our Tiza 'ad best go to service.'
Avoirdupois, culj. Used by carpenters to signify correct, straight,
woU-balauced.
WBST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 3
Backen, v. to keep back, or retard. ' This oowd weather 'ull bac/ceii
the crope.' ' I doubt thaay *re too forrat ; VuU do em no 'arm to
be backened a bit.'
Badger, (1) n. a dealer in grain, poultry, fruit, butter, &c., who
attends different markets to buy up these commodities.
(2) V, to torment ; to worry. This use probably comes from the
sharp practice and hard deaUngs of the traders mentioned above.
'That owd Pa-tige (Pa^J is a *ard un to live under. If you're
ever so little be'yind witn the rent 'e'U hctdger you as if it wuz
ever so I '
Bannuts, n, walnuts. Parish clerk, ' Wat did I think o' the sarmin 1
Sarmints is ahl like bannuts ; d'reckly yti opens 'um, yi^ knaows
w'ats in *um.'
Barflit, n. Hettehorus fostvhiSy Bear's-foot. The leaves are baked in
the oven and used as a remedy for worms. The long eentre leaflet
is removed, as it is considered poisonous.
Bass, or Boss, of the hand, n. the palm or hollow of the hand. See
Wedgwood. ' *E'8 cut isself right across the hoM o' the *and with
a rip^puk,' or rippook (reaping-hook).
Bat, V. to blink the eyes. * Now, Lizzie, thahr yu be a hatfin* uv
your eyes aeen I 'Ow many times 'ave I towd yti not to bat 'em so ?
Youll ^t By 'n' bye as you canna 'elp it» an' folks 'ull think as
you're silly.'
Bather, pronounced Bath-er. v. (1) to scratch as fowls do; (2) to
scrape together; (3) to struggle. (1) ' Them chickens o' Tyler's bo
alius a batherin* in our gardin'. (2^ ' That owd Shukey, er's a covet-
chous owd piece I 'Er's a stockm full a money as 'er's bathered up
some waay.' (3) ' My son's bin mighty bad : I thowt I sh'ud 'a
lost 'im sure-He, but 'e's batJiered thraow it now.'
Bathy, pronounced Bai-thy, adj. damp ; moist. ' That graay'n 'uU be
reg'lar sp'ilt in the loft thahr, if s as bothy as can be.'
Beaie, v, to dry in the sun. * Them 'ops gets r^lur beazed this 'ot
weather.'
Beasy, cuij, ' Them trees o' youm wants waterin' ; this winder's so
sunny, thaay be quite beazy,'
Behappen, adv. perhaps. ' If yii canna staay now, hehappen you'll
step in i' the mamin' P '
Being as, seeing that. ' I did want to spik to the maiister to ast if
'e 5ddn't rise Ben a bit ; but &etn' as 'e were bo ptit about, I didna
like to do it to-daay.'
Bellock, V. to roar.
Bellyfal, n, a sufficient quantity. 'Didna' I see yii comin' out o'
the Methody's a Sund y, Mrs. Accon ? ' (Acton). * Aye, so yti did ;
'taint as I 'olds with the Methodys, thaay be so sly to my thinkin' ;
but I likes to eo to the chapel upon times, 'cause the sarmints is
that cuttin'. lory's the time I've sot in that chapel an' cried my
beUyftd:
B a
4 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Shakspere, King LeaVy Act m. sc iL :
* Bumble thy bellyful ! Spit fire, spout rain.'
Tusser's Fiue Hundred Fointes of Oood Hushandriey sec. 46, 1. 27 :
' No spoone meat, no beli/ullf labourers thinke.'
Bine, n. the stem of the hop-plant.
Biver, v. to quiver. 'When 'er sid 'er father go, 'er poor little
mouth was a biverxn\ but 'er managed to kip 'er tears baick.'
Black-bat, n. black beetle.
Bleeding-heart, n. Dielytra spedabUis; also called ' lif t-up-yoor-
head-and-I'U-kiss-you.'
Blob-mouthed, adj, loud ; talkative.
Bloody butcher, n. Orchis mascula, Early Purple Orchis.
Blow, n. blossom. Pronounced Uaow, ' That ah-dhem (hawthorn)
tree anenst the owd bam is in Uaow most beautiful.' ''Ave yd
sid the blaow uv this pink ? 'Tis amost as big as a rose.'
Blue-tail, n. the fieldfare.
Bolt, or Boltin, of straw, &c., a bundle of from 12 to 14 lbs.
Boosey, n. part of a cow-shed railed off for keeping hay, &c.
Boosey-pasture, n. pasture which lies close to a cattle-shed.
Bossack, n. footstool See Wedgwood under Boss.
Bossen, v. to burst. 'I never see such a greedy bist as that big
mastie dog a the gaffer'& ^ got 'owd uv a dyud ship i' the big
|>iece yander, an' 'e stuffed 'isseu till I thowt 'e'd a bossen.* Some-
times to go bossen is used. ' Dimna pug that owd strap so tight, ar
'e'U go bossen,^
Bo88-eyed, adj, squinting.
Boated,^, p, burst. ' That thahr culvert 'as bosted up.'
Bough-house, n. house opened at fair-time only, for the sale of liquor.
(Pershore.) Suppressed 1863.
Boughten, adj. ready-made. * I alius bakes at 'oaiim, I canna abide
boughten bread.'
Bout, n. in ploughing, once up and down the field.
Bow-bells, n. Anemone nemorosa, Wood Anemone, wind-flower.
Bozzard, n. a ghost.
Brat, n. pinafore. * Piit on the child's brat afore yu feeds 'im.'
Bree, n. a large fly resembling a bee. The gadfly is sometimes so
called.
Brevit, v, to hunt about ; to pry inquisitively. * W'ahr *ave yii piit
my prahr-buk to, Mairy ? I've breviUed thraow ahl them dra^irs
I canna find 'im.' < 'lETl git naowt from we, 'tis uv no use £&r 'im
to come brevittin* about our plai-us.'
Brummock, n. a hook used in hedging (broomhook).
WBST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 5
Bnfl^ or Buft, v, to stammer. Fr. buffer. 'ThaayVe tuk a dill o'
paay'ns wi' my Sam at the school, an' amost cured *im o' buftin*, so
bad as 'e did when 'e were a little 'un.*
Burrtl, n. a sheltered place. Corruption of burrow, * The wind is
pretty teart to-daay, but if yti kips in the burHi t*ull do yti more
good to go out in the air a bit than stivin* by the fire ahl the w'ild.'
Bnshel-iip. Good hops are said by the pickers to busliet-up well,
t. e. they have some decree of consistency which makes them fill up
the measurer's basket in a manner ^yourable to the pickers.
Biusaok, n, a severe cough ; v, to cough. Probably a corruption of
houssack,
BiUMOok, n. a donkey.
Butty, n. a work-fellow, or companion. * Have you seen Mary Parker
lately, Mrs. Yapp P * * Aye, I sis 'er most wiks ; Ws my butty-
woman when I washes at the parson's.' * 'Im an' 'is butties wuz at
thar tay, an' a man come to the dore, an' he seys, " Wich o' your
names is Bobison P " '
By-tack, n. a farm taken by a tenant who resides on another.
Cad-bait, n. the larva of the stone-fly.
Caddie, v, to quarrel ' 'Ark to them childem eaddlin* over their
bits uv t'ys.'
Cade, ft. a spoilt child; a pet lamb. 'That 'SSman 'ull reg'lur
ruinate the b'y ; 'e's such a little aide as never wuz.'
Cadge, V. to cany talea ' That Ben Collier's a spiteful 'un ; 'e's alius
a cadfftn* about to the gentlefolks, an' settin' um agin some on us.*
Cadger, ». a carrier. See Wedgwood, and Ray, N. C. Glossary.
* m send the baskit by the cadger a Saturd'y.'
Cafl; or Kerf; n. a hoe : bills of sale, 1880. See Kerf.
Cafl; or Kerf; v. to hoe. Hops are caffedj potatoes kerfed,
Cagmag, (1) n. offal ; rubbish.
(2) V, to quarreL ' The missis says to me, " Wat's that n'ise P "
eays she. " Oh," says I, ** it's on'y them two owd critters upsta'rs
a oagmaggirC like thaay alius be." '
Calls, to cattle, &c. To cows : ' Coop ! coop ! ' or ' Aw ! aw ! ' To
do^: 'PiGLhti! {)ishtil' (A strange dog is always spoken to as
* Pishti,' as if this were a proper name.) To horses : * Aw ! ' i. e,
turn towards driver. ' Oot ! ' i.e. turn fix)m driver. * Come 'ere ! '
(m ploughing) to first horse to turn towards driver. ' Gbe woa ! '
(in ploughing) to first horse to turn from driver. To pigs : ' Dacky I
daccy ! ' ' Tantassa, tantassa pig, tow a row, a row I To poidtry :
* Chook I chook ! ' * Come Biddy I come Biddy I '
CambotUe, n. the Long-tailed Tit. In Shropshire this bird is a Gan-
bottle. The Worcestershire form is an example of the local tendency
to turn n into m before b or p.
6 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE OLOSSART.
Cant, V. to tell tales ; to slander. See Wedgwood.
Carlock, n. Smapis arvensisy Charlock. Prompt Parv.
Casselty, cidj, uncertain : of the weather. ' Thahr's no tellin' w*at to
he at in such casselty weather.'
Cast, n. to give up ; to reject. ' If I gits aowlt (hold) uv a sart o'
taters as dunna suit my jrardin, as doesna come kind yii knaows,
I casts 'um perty soon.' See Halliwell, duty 33.
Tusser's Husbandries sec. 33, 1. 52 :
* Land past the hest
Cast up to rest.'
Catahrandtail, n. the Redstart.
Cattering, n. going begging on St. Catharine's Day.
Chastise, v. to accuse. ' Us chcututed 'im uv 'avin' done it, an' 'e
couldn't deny of it.*
Chats, n. chips of wood. See Wedgwood.
Chatter, v, to scold; to find fault with. "E didna ought to a
sahced (sauced) the ma-uster ; I chattered 'un well far it.'
Chanm, n. a crack in a floor or wall.
Cheat, n. the Grasshopper Warbler.
Cheeses, n. Malva sylvestrisy Common Mallow.
Chewer, n. a narrow footpath.
Chin-cough, n. whoopiug-cough. Corrupted from ehinh-cough. See
Wedgwood.
Chitterlings, n. entrails of animals, usually pigs. Prompt. Parv.
Chores, n. jobs, or work done by a charwoman. *When thee'st
done up ahl the chores thee canst go out if thee's a mind, but not
afore.'
The Christmas := Christmas-time. 'I dunna think none o' the
childem 'ull be over afore the winter, but thaay be ahl on 'em
a-comin' far the Christmas,'
Churchman. A man who responds loudly in church is called 'a
good churchman,^ (Abberley.)
Cleaches, n. clots of blood.
Clem, V. to starve with hunger. * 'E's reg'lar demmed ; 'tis no good
a-talkin' till 'e*B 'ad a bit o' fittle in 'is mouth.'
Clemency, adj, inclement : of the weather.
Clip, V, to embrace. 'The child clipped me roimd the neck.'
Cluttock, n, clot. ' I piit the milk by over night, an' when I
looked at 'im i' the mamin' *twaB ahl gon' in duttocks.*
Codlins and cream, Epilohium pcdustrey Lessor Willowherb.
CoUey, n. black, soot, or smut, v, to blacken. See Wedgwood.
Ben Jonson, Poetaster ^ Act lY. so. iii : ' Thou hast not doUied thy
face enough.'
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 7
Collogue, V. to consult. ' I'll collogue wi' the missis, an' see what 'er
advises we to do.' ^^
Green, Tu Quoque, Act Yll. so. yiii. : ' Prav go in, and, sister,
salve the matter. Collogue with her again ; all shall go well.'
MakanUni, Act IV. 94 : * Why look ye, we must collogue some-
times, forswear sometimes.'
Come-baok, n. a guinea-f owL
Come-yer-ways, a term of endearment
Company, n, ^rade ; social standing. A drunken man was heard to
say, ' I bamt kitchin company; I be drorin*-room company y I be.*
Coolth, 7i. cold. (Heref. Border.)
Cop, n. in ploughing, the first * bout ' of a * veering.' Prompt. Parv,
Coppy, n. a small coppice.
Cord of wood, a bundle of wood 5 ft. high, 8 ft long, and 4 ft.
1 in. wide.
Cord wood, n, the small upper branches of trees, used for fuel, or for
making charooaL
Costrel, n. a drinking-flask. Prompt Parv,
Coutch, V. to stoop down, or crouch. See Wedgwood under Couch,
* 'E coutched in the earner, so as thaay shouldna see 'im.'
Craiky, adj, weak ; infirm ; shaky. See Wedgwood under Oraek,
* This 'ore's a mighty craiky owd 'ouse.' * I conna get about much
now, not to do no good, yti knaows ; I'm naught but a craiky owd
piece.'
Cratch, n. a rack for hay, or other fodder. See Wedgwood ; Prompt
Parv.; Bay.
Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, st 30 :
' Beginne from first where He encradled was
In simple cratch,*
Cress-tiles, n. tiles used for the ridge of a roofl Prompt, Parv,
Crib, n. bin into which hops are picked.
Cribbing, n, a custom (happily falling into disuse) by which female
pickers seized upon, lifted into a crib, and half smothered with
hops and kisses, any strange man who entered the hop-yard while
picking was going on.
Crinks, n. refuse apples.
Crinky, adJ, small ; inferior.
Crock, n, an earthen pot.
Crocks, n. broken bits of earthenware.
Croft, n, field near a house, or other building. ' The church crafts '
are fields near a church.
Piers Plovmian, Passus IV. ver. 62 (Text A) :
' Thenne schal ye come hi a croft*
8 WEST WORGSSTERSHIRB GLOSSABT.
Paasus Vn. ver. 35 (Text A) :
' And feoche ye horn Fauoons ye Foules to quelle
For thei oomen into my Oroft, and oroppen my whete.'
Croodle, v, to bend, or stoop down ; to cower. ' Sit up, Lizzie, can't
yii. What are yii croodlin* over yer work like that for ? *
CroM-eyed, adj. squinting.
Cmddle, v, to curdle.
Spenser, Shepherd'B Calender ^ February, L 43 :
< Comes the breme winter
Drerily shooting his stormy darte,
Which cruddlea the blood, and pricks the harte.'
Fairy Queen, Bk. L cant yiL st 6 :
' His changed powers at first themselyes not fele,
Till crudMed cold his corage 'gan assayle.'
Cruddyt adj, curdled ; full of cords.
Fairy Queen, Bk. m. cant. iv. si 34 :
' . . . All in gore
And cruddy blood enwallowed.*
Cmds, n. curds.
Piere Plowman, Passus VIE. ver. 299 (Tert A) :
' A few eruddes and craym.'
Cub, (1) n. hutch for rabbits or poultry. Witness cU Petty Sessions.
* I see the pigeons i* the cuh a Frid'y mamin'.'
(2) V, to confine in small space. ' Tis a shame to cub them poor
bists up in that *ole uv a plaice.'
Cubbed-up, adj, bent ; crumpled. ' Father's reg'lur aibbed-up uv
rheumatics, till 'e can't 'aowd 'isself up no waay.'
Cnb-up, V. to pucker, or hang badly. ' Did yii ever see anythin' so
bad cut as that poor child's pinner? Look 'ow it cuU up o' the
showlder. '
Cuckoo's bread and cheese, Oxalis acetasdla^ Wood SorreL
Cnckoo's-mate, n. the Wryneck.
Cuckoo-spit, Anemone nemerosa^ Wind-flower.
Cnllen, n. refuse com. Corruption of culling. Prompt. Parv,
Cully, V. to cuddle.
Cups and saucers. Cotyledon umhtlicusy Wall Pennywort
Curst, adj. ill-tempered ; whimsical ' Why would you not speak to
the gentleman, Louie, when he kissed you ? ' Louie (aged 5} : ' 'Cos
Pm so curst, you know I ' (1880).
Cust, adj, sharp-witted ; intelligent. ' I don't b'lieve as Tom 'nil
ever know 'is letters ; but BiU, 'e's a cust 'un, 'e is, 'e can read perty
tidy.'
Cutting, adj. touching to the feelings; afifecting. 'That's a real
beautiful book, 'tis so cuUin' ; I cried a sight over 'inu'
Cutting hops, root-pruning them.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRB GLOSSARY. 9
Daddaky, adj. inferior; middling. See Wedgwood under Dady
Dawd,
Sag, V. to draggle, or trail in the dirt Prompt Parv.
Dawny, adj, soft and damp. 'I canna kip a bit o' fittle in this
place, things gets daumy d'reckly yti piits 'em down out a yer *and.'
Deadly, adj. clever ; active ; excellent ' Mrs. is a deadly
*55man at doctorin' sick folks.*
Deam, adj. (1) raw ; cold : of the weather.
(2) tender ; oarefuL * Mr. is mighty deam uv 'is dogs 'an*
'araes, but 'e dunna make much account uv is childem.'
Deef^ adj. deaf.
Ohaucer, Cant. Tales, ProL, 446 :
' A good wif was ther of beside Bathe,
But she was som del dee/.*
Denial, n. injury ; disadvantage. ' To laowse yer sight is a great
(or girt) denial to anybody.'
Deny of, v. to deny.
Ding, V. to bluster ; to boast loudly. ' I'm tired to death o' hearin'
'im dingtn* about that lad o' 'is bein* so mighty clever I '
Disaccord, v. to disagree. Pronoimced disaccard. * What are you
crying for, Albert ? ' Albert f aged 6) : ' Jack Bice and me dieaccarded
oomin: down from school.* (l 880.)
Spenser, F. Queen, Bk. Yl. cant iiL st 7 :
' But she did disaccord.
Nor could her liking to his love apply.'
Disannul, v. to dispossess. * The parish 'as disannulled mS uv my
paay (pay), but this little 'ouse is my own ; thaay conna disannul
mS o' that'
Discern, v. to catch sight of, or perceive. Used as in Proverbs vii. 7.
' I discerned summut glimmin' i* the sun, an' I puck it up, an' it
were this 'ere silver pencil-case.'
Difher, v. to shake or tremble from cold or fright See Wedgwood
under Dod
Dither, n. grass and other weeds in cornfields, &c.
Do, It. a great occasion, entertainment, or fuss.
Dodment, it. ointment composed of grease mixed with dust from a
churdi beU : a cure for shingles.
Doubles. To go on one's two doubles is to walk with two sticks.
Donk, (1) V. to duck the head. Pronounced daouk. 'You must
daouk yer 'ed to get through that little door.'
(2) n. a crease, or mark. ' Make a dcunik i* the edge to mark
Vahr you've measured the stuff to.*
Dout, V. to extinguish. Pronounced daoui.
i
10 WEST WORCESTERSHIRB GLOSSARY.
Dunny, adj. deafl
Dure, V, to last Coles, ^ I buy'd this 'ere weskit off a groom as
were a goin* to leave house. 'EeVe dured m& a many yean.
'Ee do durCf sure-lie.*
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Enightes Tale, 501 :
' So mochel sorwe hadde never creature
That is, or shal, while that the world may dwre»*
Eaole, n. the Woodpecker. About Kidderminster this bird is called
the stock-eade.
Earn, 01' Erne, adj. near. ' Which is the way to church 1 ' * You can
go by the road, but the eraest waay is across the crafts.'
Eckth, n. height. ' 'Ast ta bin a' the cathedral at 'OSster 1 £h ! 'tis
a eckth to be siLre I '
Eftest, adj. soonest.
Egg-hot, n. egg-flip.
Ellem tree, n. elder.
Piers Plowman, Passus L ver. 66 (Text A) :
' Judas he iaped with the iewes seluer,
And on an elleme tree hongede him aftur.'
Emp, V. to empty. The people about Tenbury always speak of ' the
?laayce Vahr Severn emps into Tem&' *The bruck emps into
'erne anighst our 'ouse.' Empt is occasionally heard.
Enew, or Enow, enougL ' I'll wamd yii (warrant) 'e's got friends
enew!'
Ercle, n, a pimpla
Erriwig, n. earwig.
Ess, or Hess, n. ashea
Ess-hole, the hole under cottage-grates for the reception of ashes.
Evenin' time. Any time past noon is spoken of as evenin* time, or
the evenin' part A woman lately wished me *good mamin" at
1.30 p.m., tnen, having passed, turned back to apologise: ' Oood
evenin* ma'am, I should *a! said.'
Evenless, or E'enless, adj. awkward ; unknowing. ' Let that cow
be, yii evenless thing, you'll be the ruination of everything. I mim
mik *er mysen.'
Ever-so. * If it was ever so ' = reduced to the last extremity. * I
wunt ax *im for bread, not if it was ever so ; I'll dem first.'
Eyeable, adj. fit to be seen. ' Owd Jack Maund now, 'e's the right
sart av cobbler; 'e taks a dill o' paayns wi' 'is wark, tis aiSus
eyeable, and summat like.'
Fad, (1) n. whim; fancy. (2) v. to be busy about trifles. See
Wedgwood. (1) 'What are those railings for, John?' 'Oh, 'tis
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 11
just 9k fad o* Is lardflhip's, naowt but a fad o* 'is^n, yii knaows ; thaay
be o' no sart o' use.* (2^ 'The gaffer's gettin' mighty simple, 'e
canna do much. 'E jus'ywi about uv a mamin* like.'
Faddy, adj, fanciful ; full of whims.
Faggit, n. a term of reproach used to children*
FaggitSy n. a very unappetizing kind of risBoUy sold at small pro-
vision shops.
Falsify, 9. to sham. ' That young Jem's a cute little chap. To see
'ow *Qfal9ifies when 'e wants to stop at wum from school ! 'E's alius
got the 'edache, or bellyache, or summat.*
Falter, v. to fail in health.
Fanteagues, ill-humour. * I never seed sich a arbiterry owd chap :
'e's alius on with some uy *\b fankagues,^
Fathead, n. a stupid person.
Feam, v, fern.
Feature, v, to resemble. ' I'd 'a knaowd 'im anyVahrs, 'e features
'is brother so.'
Feg, V. to scratch.
Feltb, n. sensation. ' I be that starven, I 'an't got no felth in my
'ands nor my fit.'
Fet, V, to fetch. Prompt, Parv, * I'll fet the arrants i' the evenin',
w*en them childem's at school.'
Shakspere, Henry F., Act TIT, sc. i. :
' Tou noblest English,
Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-prool'
Spenser, F, Queen, Bk. 11. cant. ix. si 58 :
' But for he was unable them to fett,
A litde boy did on him still attend,
To reach whenever he for ought did send.'
Ben Jonson, Cifnthia^e Bevels, Act TV. sc. i. : * This may be good
for us ladies, for it seems ikrfet by their stay.'
Feteli, V. to deliver. * '£ upped an' fetched me a crack a the yud
with 'is stick.'
Fettle, V, to dress oneself ; to set to rights ; to prepare ; to feed or
*bed up* cattle, &a See Wedgwood. * FeWe thysen, an' thee
shalt go to town i' the gig.' * This room's all uv a mullock, it
wants /ettZtV above a bit' * The gaffer's fettlin* the gardin' agin the
flower show.' ' Tummas, thee mun go a,nd fettle them bists down at
the by-tack ; thee'lt be back by sup per- time.'
Shakspere, Romeo and Juliet, Act TCL sc. vL :
* Fettle your fine joints 'gainst Thursday next'
Filbeard, «. filbert. Tusser, Fitie Hundred Pointes of Good Hus-
handrie^ sec. 34, 1. 9 : ' FUbeards red and white.'
FiUer, n. the shaft-horse, t. e. the horse in the JUlSf or shafts. See
ThiUer.
i
12 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSART.
Fire-brand-new, adj, quite new.
Fitohet, (yr Fitchew, n. a pole-cat. See Wedgwood.
Shakspere, Troilua and Cressida, Act Y. sc. i :
' To be a dog, a mule, a cat, a fitchew*
Fitohet-pie, a pie made of apples, onions, and fat bacon chopped up
together.
Fittle, n. victuals. 'What aay^ thee, lad, that thee canst na' eat
^yfiUleV
Flannin, n. flannel See Wedgwood.
Flit, V, to remove from one house to another. See Wedgwood.
Footman, n, A good walker is termed ' a good footmanJ
Form yonrself = put yourself in an attitude.
Forrat, v. to bring forward ; to promote. ' This 'ere drap o* raay'n
*ull forrat the haay.'
Fonl, (1) adj, plain-featured. ' How do you think Mis. Jones looks
in her new bonnet, Patty ? ' * Ugh I 'Er's mighty foul sure-lie, *er
wants sununat ta smarten 'er up a bit, 'er do.'
an. a disease in the feet of cattle. This is cured (?) by cutting
on which the diseased foot has pressed, and hanging it on a
blackthorn bush. This disease is mentioned by Fitzherbert.
Freemartin, n. When twin calves, male and female, are produced,
the latter is called 9k freemartin^ under the belief that it is barren.
Fresh-liqnor, n. pig's lard.
Fretchet, adj. cross ; peevish. See Wedgwood under Fret. * This
child's that fretchet this 'ot weather, till I dunno w'at to do with 'un.'
Frog, n. the soft part of a horse's foot.
Frog, V, to crawl on the hands and knees, as young children do.
Fruit, n. apples and pears only are usually meant by the term.
Frtun, adj. early. ' I've some beautiful frum 'taters ; would yu 'cept
av a few far yer dinner, sir P '
Frump, V. to swell. Bacon killed in the wane of the moon is said
never to /rumj> in boiling.
Fnrzen, n. gorse.
FuBSOok, n. a fat unwieldy person : an expression of contempt
Ghtffer, n. master. ' W'ahr's the gaffer f I wants to axe 'im if 'e
conna find a job fur our Bill.'
Oain, adj. quick; ready; convenient See Wedgwood. *Tak' the
'arse an' leave *im at the smithy as thee goes by ; that 'ull be the
gainest waay.'
MorU UAHhur, Bk. VII. ch. xx. :
' Took the gainest way in that fury.*
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 13
Ghdnly, adv, quickly ; handily.
Oalland, or Oallant, n. gallon.
Galliifl, adj. wicked ; impudent ' I be reg'lar 'shamed o' our Olfred,
'e's such a gaUtu little chap, thahr an*t anybody as 'e 'oan't sahce *
(sauce).
Oamboly v. to climb. See Wedgwood. ' 'E gamboled over the yat
as nimble as ninepence.'
Gkunmets, n. joke; trick; mockery. 'Ton be makin' gammets o'
me, sir.'
Gkunmon, n. nonsense; pretence. See Wedgwood. 'You needna
come teUin' mS that taayl, Betty Lucas; I wants none o' your
gammon 'ere.
Oampns, n. the hinder part of the traces used in ploughing and other
field-work. In some districts these are called 'fittmg traces.'
Auctioneer's Catalogue, Worcester, 1880.
Ghirment, n. a chemise.
Oashly, adj, ghastly. See Wedgwood under Aghast, "E's lost a
sight o' blood sure-lie ; 'e looks as gusMy as ever did a carpse ! '
Oann, n. a tub holding a gallon.
Oay, n. a swing.
Oet-beyond, v, to recoyer ; to cure ; to control ; to master a subject.
' 'Er's mighty bad, I doubt *er *oan*t get-heyand it this time.' ' The
'ops grows that despr'it, us canna get^beyand 'um to tie 'um.' ' 'E
taowd m^ ever such a taayl about it, but 'e talks so queer, I couldna
gei-beyond 'im no waay.'
Giddling, adj, light ; unsteady. ' Dunna yii get into that thahr boat
if so be thahr's no 'un with ytt as can swim. 'Tis a giddling thing,
an' youll sure to be drownded.'
Oill-ferrety n. female ferret.
Ginger, adj. careful ; tender ; light of touch.
Olat, n. a gap in a hedge.
Oleed, n. the red heat of a fire. ' 'E wrote that nasty, an' I were
that vexed with the letter, I piit it right i' the gleed, an' twas gone
in a minute.'
Ohaucer, Cant, Tales, Miller's Tale, 267 :
' And wafires piping hot out of the glede.'
Olim, (I) n. a light (2) v. to shine. See Wedgwood under Gleam.
Spenser, F, Queen, Bk. YL cant yiii. st 48 :
' There by th' uncertain glinu of starry night.'
Olost-oven, n. the kiln in which china is baked after receiving the
glaze.
Oondnd, n. a gander.
Oonshnme-yel expletive.
14 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Gooding Day, n. St. Thomas's Day.
Oooding, to go, v, to go begging on St. Thomas's Day.
Good-sorted, adj, of good kind. 'Us 'as very goodsarted fruit in
our archert* ' Oood-aoried pigs.' — ^Auctioneer's Catalogue, 18S0.
Oo-ofT, n. beginning. *The parson gied me this 'ere coat, an' 'eVe
dured mS five or six year. I didna war 'im eyery daay, not at the
first go-cff you knaows.'
Oonk, n. a stupid, awkward fellow.
Oranoh, v. to grind the teeth, or make a grinding noise.
Great, adj. familiar ; intimate. ' Our lads wuz use to be very greai
with 'is'n.'
Orippet, adj, grasping. ' 'E's that gnppet 'e'U scahrse allow 'isself
enough to eat.'
Oripple, (1) acy. miserly. (2) n. miser.
Spenser, F. Queen, Bk. L cant. iy. yer. 31 :
' An' as he rode he gnasht his teeth to see
Those heaps of gold with gripple coyetyse.'
Orippleness, v. greed. "E inna so bad off as 'e makes out, 'tis
nowt but grippleness makes 'im live so near.'
Oronnd, to be on the, to be in want of boots.
Onll, n, a young goose.
Onlloek, v. to swallow dowa. See Wedgwood under Otdlet. ' I
sid (saw) one o' them thahr great cranes (herons) guUocking down a
frog.'
Oolls, willow-catkins.
Hairy-milner, n. the caterpillar ; commonly known as ' wooUy bear.'
(Bewdley.)
Half-soaked, adj, silly ; of weak intellect.
Hammergag, v. to scold ; to rate. ' 'Ow 'im an' 'er do quar'l, to be
sure. You can 'ear 'em thraow the wall, ^ammergaggin* awaay from
mamin' till night.'
Hampem, n. hamper.
Hand. At one hand, at one time. * Sam's a yery good lad to me
now, but at one 'and I thaowt 'e'd neyer do no good, to 'isself nar no
one else.'
On the mending hand, reooyering ; oonyalescent * The foyer's
made 'im mighty weak, but 'e's on the mendin *and now.*
To have a fidl hand, to haye plenty of work.
Hardishrew, n. the field-mouse ; also Hardistraw. (Abberley.)
Hanms, or Holmes, n, part of the harness of cart-horses, to which
the traces are fastened. Corruption of kamea.
Hay-bay, n. a place on the ground-floor for keeping hay, &c *
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE QLOSSART. 15
Heartless, adj, disheartening. ' Tis ^artless to try an' kip yer 'ouse
tidy Ven tharhr's such a lot uy mullock out in the yard, 'an folks
comes traipsin' it in an* out.*
Heart- well, adj. well; in general health. 'How are you now,
Jacoh?' *Well, I he ^earUwelU thank yti, hut I've got the
rheumatics in my showlder mortial had.'
Heft, (1) n. weight; (2) a shooting pain; (3) v, to lift. (1) 'That
pan is real good iron, 'tis sold hy he/V (2) * Fye got such a hefi
in my side, I canna scahrsely draw my hreath.' (3) * Do carr* tMs
paay'l (pail) far mS, I canna heft it when it's full o* watter.'
Herds, n. tow.
Hespil, V. to hurry, or agitate.
Hess, 12. ashes. See Ess.
Hetherings, n. slender willow houghs used for hinding hedges.
Hire, v. to horrow money at interest
Hiver-hoYer, v, to waver. ' I canna tell if I ought to go or no : I
hin *ivcr-'<wcrin' over it this wik or more.'
Hobbedy's lantern, n. Ignia-fatuua.
Hob-ferret, n. the male ferret
Hoblionkers, a children's game, played in autumn with horse-
chestnuts strung together. For information on the various forms
of this game, see a correspondence in Notes and Queries^ 1878.
The following rhyme, used in this game here, has heen written
down for me oy a National School hoy. The spelling is his own.
Hohley, hohley Honcor,
My first conkor.
Hohley, Hohley ho,
My first go.
Hohley^ hohley ack,
My firat smack.
Hog, n. same as Teg.
Hoggish, adj. obstinate.
Hoggy, adj. clumsy ; ugly. ' The parish 'as give poor little Bill this
'ere pa*r o' hoots. I should like far you to saay, miss, did you
ever see a hoggier pa'r ? Why the poor lad canna lift 'is fit up
'ardly, thaay he so lomhersome.'
Hone, V. to long for. Pronounced o-aw. ' Thahr's on'y one thing 'e
*one8 fiur, an' that's a drap o* cider. But the doctor says 'e mimna
'ave it, not on no account.'
Hoove, V. to hoe.
Hop-dog, n. a caterpillar found in hops.
Hop-onlnd, n. a moth found in hop-yards in May.
Hoppers, n. crystals of salt that form at the top of the pans.
(Droitwich.)
16 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY^
Hoiusack, n. a loud, noisy cough. See Tiflsaok.
Honze, v. to breathe hoarsely.
Houzing, n. a hoarseness. * The child's got a reg'lur bad cowd : Vs
such a 'auxin* on 'is chest as is quite terrifyin'.'
Hud, n. a husk or shelL * Wen thee'st done shellin' them peasen,
piit the *ud3 fax the pigs.*
Hnf^ (1) V. to offend. (2) ft. a fit of temper.
Hullockmg, adj. hulking ; overbearing.
Humbuzz, n, the cockchafer. See Wedgwood under Hum,
Hurt, V. to put at a disadvantage; to try the feelings. Domegtic
Servant. * You don't think as Tve took that spoon, ma'am ? Fve
looked fur it eveiywheres, an' can't find it. It 'ull *urt me more nor
you if it can't be found. It oosses you money, but it oosses me my
character.'
Ickle, V. to long for.
Iffing and Offing, n. indecision.
ni-oonvenient, adj. inconvenient.
Insense, v. to explain; to cause to understand. ''E inserued me
into the manin' of it.' Mt$$ense, to cause to misunderstand, is used
by Bishop Jewel in a sermon preached at St Paul's Gross, 1560.
Jack-sqnealer, n. the Swift. ^
Jaok-np, V. to throw up ; to resign. ' The missis, 'er's that faddy
you canna please 'er naow-waay ; an' Bill, 'e's reg'lar dahnted ; 'e*8
jacked'Up 'is plack, 'e canna stand it no longer.'
Jacky-wobstraw, n. the Blackcap.
Jazy, or sometimes Jazyfled, o^/. tired out ; flagging.
Jerry-house, n. beer-house.
Jiggor, n. a horizontal lathe used in china-making.
Josen, n. a toad.
Keep, V. To keep a market is to attend it
Kell, n. caul Prompt. Parv.
Kerf, n. a hoe : bills of sale, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879.
Ker^ V. to hoe : applied to field work. Gardens are eaffed.
Kernel, n. a hard swelling, or indurated gland. Prompt. Parv,
* Kyrnelf or knobbe yn a beeste or mannys flesche.^
Kid, n. a faggot of sticks. See Wedgwood, and Prompt. Parv.
Kiddle, v. to dribble, as babies do.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GIX)SSARY. 17
Kimit, adj, silly ; idiotic. (Shropshire Border.)
Kind, adj. favourable; in good condition. Local proverb: 'A cold
May is kind,* * Us aoan't 'ave a many cnrrands this year, but the
plums sims yery kind.*
Kipe, n. a basket.
Kitty-kyloe, n. a kitten.
Knerly, adj. flavoured with kernels : applied to cider.
Know to, V. know of. * Please, miss, 'ould yu like a young lennet
or a throstle ? I knaows to some nesses.'
Lade, n. a shovel with which brine is taken out of the pan.
(Droitwich.)
Lade-gann, n. ladle for serving out pig's wash.
Lady-cow, n. the Lady-bird.
Lap, V. to wrap up. Prompt. Parif.
Latsome, adv. late.
Laze, n. idleness.
Learn, v. to teach. Cf. A.S. Ickran, to teach ; leomian, to learn.
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Chanones Yemannes Talo, 125:
*■ To leme a lewed man this sutiltee.*
Ps. xiz. 66 : ' Oh learn me true understanding and knowledge.'
Leasowe, n. a meadow.
Leather, v. to beat.
Leathemn-bat, n, the common Bat.
Lease, v. to glean. See Skeat,
Leer, adj, empty. ' I corned awaay without my breakfuss this
mamin'. I feels mighty leer, I mun *ave a bit o* nuncheon.*
Lennet, n. the linnet.
Lennow, (1) adj. lissom. *When I were young an' lennaow Vd a
gambolled over that stile like one o'clock.'
(2) V. to make pliable. ' Them clothes wuz stiff o* the frost, but
the sun 'ull soon lennaow 'um agin.' Linnao is occasionally heard.
Lent-com, n. wheat sown in spring.
Lick, (1) n. a blow. *'E give the dog a lick uv 'is stick.*
(2) V. to wipe over lightly. * The floor's shameful dirty, but us
munna wet im ; jus* give 'im a lick over, will 'ee, Mairy P '
(3) V. to puzzle. *If I canna kip that b'y at 'ome wunst or
twoist a wik uv'out bein' summonsed far it, it licks me to knaow
w'at to do.' (Irate mother on Education Act, 1880.)
Lie-by, n. mistress. Witness in assault case. *I tacwd 'im I didna
cahr for 'im nar 'is lie-hy.*
c
18 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Likely, adj. promising.
Mallory, Morte I)' Arthur, Bk. VII. chap. iv. :
* He is as likely a man as over ye saw.'
Like npon^ v, to like. *Th' owd squire, 'e wer a good maaster;
everybody liked upon 'im.*
Linty, adj. idle ; lazy.
Lirrox, n. an untidy, shiftless person.
Lodge, V. to beat down.
Lodged, adj. beaten down by wind or rain.
Shakspere, Macbeth^ Act IV. so. i. 1. 65 :
' Though bladed com be lodged.*
Richard IT., Act III. sc. iii. L 161 :
' Well make foul weather with despised tears,
Our sighs and they shall hdge the summer com.'
LoUopping, adj. ungainly. See Wedgwood.
Lombersome, adj. cumbersome.
Loose, 17. to go alone (said of young children). Pronounced laowse.
Lonk, V. to beat, or thump. Pronounced laowk.
Lubberdeloy, n. hobbledehoy. See TVodgwood under Lubber,
Lug, V. to draw, or carry. See Wedgwood.
Lungeoiui, adj. pugnacious. See Wedgwood under Lunch.
Lnny, adj. imbecile ; lunatic.
Lush, V. to beat with green boughs. ' Wilt 'ee come along o' me to tak'
some wappeses nesses ? Thee can pull out the caak, Vile I lushes.'
Hag, (1) n. a scold. (2) v. to scold.
Haggle, V. to tease.
Haggot, n. Magpie.
Tusser, Fine Hundred Pointes of Good Huabandrie, xlix. 9 :
* If gontUs be scrauling call magget the py.'
(See note.)
Hammock, or Hummock, v. to cut or hack to pieces. See Wedg-
wood. * 'E mammocks 'is fittle so, 'tis a shame to see 'im.'
Shakspore, Cor., Act I. sc. iii. L 71 :
* Oh, I warrant, how he mammocked it.'
Harket-fresh, or Harket-peart, adj. half intoxicated.
Harl, or Harvel, n. marble.
Hase, 17. to bo confused ; giddy, or light-headed. See Skeat
Chaucer, Cant, Tales, Merchantes Tale, 1 140 :
* Ye mcue, ye mnsen, goode sire, quod she.
This thank have I for I have made you see !
Alas ! quod she, that over I was so kind.'
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 19
Hank, v. to mimic. 'What are you crying for, Emma? "The
b—b — Vys mauks me ; thaay says I d — do b^l^bufb so ! " '
Kawkin, n. scarecrow. Corruption of morkin.
Maxim, n. plan ; contrivance. * The curate's a fustrate 'un amongst
the lads ; Vs got such a many maanms to amuse *um.'
Meaching, adj. melancholy; complaining. <'£r's a poor meachin*
sart UY a 66man ; 'er never were good fur much.*
Heretorioiui, adj, having a show of reason, or excuse. 'I never
tells a lie as a'ut no sart o' use ; w*en I tells a lie, I tells a meritori-
otu *un.' Kidderminster, 1880.
Mergald, n. confusion ; mess.
Hess, n. term of contempt for anything small or weak. " It's a poor
little mess uv a thing.'
Middling, adj, unwell ; indifferent ; good. Very middling, very ill ;
very bad. Pretty middling, fairly welL
Mif^ n. misunderstanding. See Wedgwood.
PeUr Pindar, L 81 :
' Deal Gainsborough a lash for pride so stiff,
Who robs us of such pleasure for a miff*
Mimocking, adj, grimacing.
Mimping, adj, dainty. 'I never see such a mimjyir^ 'arse as this
'ere, I canna get 'im to eat 'is food.'
Mindless, adj, weak-minded. Worcester Assizes, 1874. 'The
prisoner seemed to be mindless,'
Miscall, V. to abuse. 'That's a good natered sart uv a chap fur
ahl 'is faults. Many's the time Tve chattered *un well fur gettin'
the drink, an' 'e's never miscalled me for it.'
Spenser, F, Q., Bk. IV. cant. viii. st 24 :
• Whom she with leasings lewdly did miscall,
And wickedly backbite.'
Misle, V, to rain slightly. See Wedgwood.
Spenser, Shep, Cal., November, 1. 208:
' Now gynnes to misle, hye we homeward fast.'
Miss, n, loss. ' Sair' Ann 'ave bin that spy It, 'er dunno w'en 'er's
well oflEl 'Er 'uU feel the miss on it, w'en 'er mother's dyud.'
Misword, n, blame. 'Ben, 'e wer a good man to me; we wuz
married farty year, an' 'e never so much as give me a misword,*
Hit, n. a small tub for washing butter in.
Moggy, n. a calf.
Moil, (1) r. to toil. Skeat, mollify, moil, (2) to soil, or make dirty.
Spenser, Hymn of ffeav. Love :
' Then rouze thyself, Earth, out of thy soyle,
In which thou wallowest like to filthy swine,
And dost thy mind in durty pleasusee moyle*
c 2
20 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Moiled, adj. soilod; dirty.
Moither, (1) to worry. (2) to be delirious. See Wedgwood. **E'8
mighty simple this marnin' ; 'is yud's bin so bad ahl night, 'e kips
moitherin ahl the w'ild.'
Moither ed, adj. troubled; confused; delirious.
Momble, v. to crumble, or waste food.
Mombled, adj, wasted ; tlirown away.
Mommock, n. confusion. * The 'ouse were ahl uv a mommock.^
Mop, n, a hiring fair.
Moral, n, resemblance; likeness. 'Jack's the very moral uv 'is
father.'
Mose, (1) V. to bum slowly. (2) to rot.
Mosey, adj, half-rotten; over-ripe.
Mossel, n. morsel.
Monch, V, to go prying about. * That owd black cat goes inonrJM
about, in an* out uv folksos *ouson, er'll sure to get shot one uv
these daays.'
Mont, 17. to moult. Pronounced maoiit,
Mowd, n. mould. Pronounced maoud,
Mowy, 71, a rough unkempt child.
Mnckedy, adj, cold ; wet ; dirty (of the weather).
Muckery, adj, same as above.
Muffle, 71, the kiln in which china is finally burnt after being
painted, &c.
Mnllen, ?i. bridle of a cart-horse. Witmss at Petty SessioJis, 1877.
* The prisoner piit the mullen on the mahr.*
Mullock, (1) w. dirt; litter. (2) r. to make a litter. See Wedg-
wood; Eay, N. C, Words,
Chaucer, Cant, Tales, Eoves Prologue, 19 :
* That ilke fruit is over lenger the wers,
Til it be roten in mtdlok,^
Chanones Yeniannes Prologue, 385-7 :
* The mullok on a heep ysweped was,
And on the flore yeast a canevas.
And all this mullok in a sive ythrowe.*
All-uv-a-mullock = all of a heap.
^^^M-v*^^^^*^^ Mnmmffin, 7i. the long-tailed tit.
^ ) Munch, V, to treat cruelly. ' See that limb uv a b'y (boy), *ow *e
Ait*«*»«*^-^'^ munches the poor cat ! '
Mnndle, 7i, a flat piece of wood used to stir up cream before it is
churned. Every one who enters the dairy is expected to stir the
cream to keep out the fairies.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 21
Hag, V. to scold unnecessarily. See Skeat, giiaw^ na{j.
Hagg^, (juij. cross, peevish.
Hasle, n. the smallest pig in a litter.
Hast, ru dirt ; filth.
Hative, n. native pJace. * W'ahr is your native ? ' = Where do you
come from ?
Hatomy, n. ' £r's naowt but a natomy * = She is nothing but skin
and bone.
Hannt, n. aunt. Pronounced nant
Hear, adj. mean ; stingy.
Feb, n. beak ; bill. Prompt Paro. ; Kay, N, C. Glossary.
Herking, adj. harsh ; keen (of the wind).
Vtsh, adj. tender ; delicate ; susceptible of cold. Prompt. Parv.
Court of Love, v. 1092 :
' His herte is tendre nessh.^
Hipper, n. youngster.
Hisgill, n. the smallest of a brood of poultry ; applied figuratively to
weak or undersized persons.
Hoddy, n. an oddity.
Hog, n. knot ; knob, or any unevenness in the stalks of flax.
Hoggy, adj, full of nogs.
Hogman, n. one who beats out nogs from the flax.
Hone = no time. ' Er 'adua bin gone none when you come in.'
Hor, conj. than.
Horation, n. oration ; speech-making.
Ho two ways about it. This is a favourite phrase to signify that
there is but one solution of a difficulty ; it is commonly used to end
an argument.
Hubblings, n. small bits of coal.
Hunoheon, n. luncheon. See Skeat, nine, nuncheon.
Hurra one = not one.
0', prep, on ; of. The vowel sound used to represent these words is
really that of u in but (Standard English). To avoid confusion, it
is written o\ for these propositions.
Odds, V. to alter. * Us none on us likes this plaayce like w'ahr we
wuz used to live, an' we're sorry as we ever shifted ; but we canna
odds it now.'
Offal, n, waste wood. See Wedgwood. Prompt, Parv. * OffaU,
fiiat is levyd of a thinge, as chippings of a tre.'
22 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Oldmaid, n, the lapwing.
Oldness, 71. cunning.
Oney, adj. idle. Pronounced o-ney, *My son a'nt able to work
d*yu saay ? * *E con if 'e*8 a mind, but *e alius luas oney,*
Orle, V, alder tree.
Orts, n. odds and ends ; leavings ; rubbish. Pronounced arts. See
Skeat. ' I puck up ahl them arts o' youm this maruiu', miss ; but
mind vu, yu *oona cotch mS a doin* it agin.'
Shakspere, Timon of AihenSf Act IV. sc. iii. 1. 400 :
* Some poor fragment, some slender ort of his remainder.*
Osbud, n, illegitimate child.
Oss, V. to offer to do ; to attempt. Seldom used but when the attempt
is imsuccessful. See Wedgwood. Bay, N. C. Words, * 'E ossed to
jump tlie bruck, but '0 comdna do't ; tVam't likely I '
Oolud, n. a moth. Sometimes owl.
Oonder, n, afternoon. A-S. undern, * Us 'ad a raayny aounder, 0'
Maay daay.'
Ontch, V, to crouch down. A hare is said to ' outch on 'er farm.'
Overgety v. to recover from. * It did so 'urt me when I buried my
little 'un, that I didn't over get it ahl the summer.'
Owd-anshent, adj, old-fashioned. * To see that poor owd lady ^ to
chu'ch uv a Sundy, anybody'd think as 'er 'adna a penny piece I
Such a owd-anshent gownd as 'or wears, an' a shahl ^shawl) ahl
scroauged up, as if 'er'd kep it in 'er pocket ahl the wik.
Ozberry, n, the berry of the Arum maculcUum. The juice is used
as a remedy for warts.
Oylyster, n. oyster. (Bewdley.)
Peart, adj, bright ; lively ; in good spirits. See Wedgwood under
Ferk, As peart as a spoon means unusually bright and cheerful.
Feasen, 72. peas.
Chaucer, Legend of O, TT., Cleopatra, 69 :
' He poureth peesen upon the hatches slider.'
Peck, V, to fall forward. * Missus wuz comin' downstars^ an' 'er yud
was a bit wimmy-like, an' 'er pecked right over.'
Peckled, adj, speckled.
Penny, adj, full of quills. ' I dunna like to ause to sell tbem fowls
to anybod]^. Thaay be so penny you canna pluck 'em clean, try
'ow you will I '
Pens, 71. wing-feathers ; also quills. (HalliwelL) Skeat, /ea/Aer,jE>e7».
Spenser, F, Q,, Bk. I. cant. xi. st 10:
' And eke the pennes that did his pinions bind,
Were like mayne-yards.'
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 23
Milton, Par, L,, Bk. VH ver. 421 :
* but feathered soon and fledge^
They summed their pena.^
Perish, v, to feel cold.
PeriBhed, adj, pinched with cold. Sunday School Teacher, * You
have just read that the disciples cried: **Savo, Lord, we perish.*'
What does perish mean ? ' BoySy unanimously. ' Staryen with cold ! '
(Tenbury, 1880.)
Peter grievons, adJ, unreasonably aggrieved.
Phantom, adJ, withered ; weakly. Applied by mowers to bad grass.
Phleem, n. phlegm.
Pick, 7/. a pickaxe.
Pickings, n. salt encrusted at the bottom of the pans, which is
broken and groimd up for agricultural purposes. (Droitwich.)
Piece, 71. (1) a field. 'The cows is in the thirteon-acre piece.*
(2) a slice of bread. * I be clemmed, mother, gie I a piece ! '
(3) contemptuous epithet * 'Er conna do much, *er is but a poor
piece.*
Piefinch, n. chaffinch.
Pikel, n. pitchfork.
Pinsens, n. pincers.
Pither, v. to move lightly ; making a slight rustling noise. ' I 'eard
them rots (rats) a^pitherin' about over my yud ahl night, an' I
couldn't get a wink o^ sleep.*
Plaok, n. place ; situation.
Plain, adj. unassuming ; friendly in manner. ' Lady Mairy is such
a plain lady ; she come into my 'ouse, an' sits down, an' tak's the
childem in er laj^ as comfortable as con be. She's as plain as you
be, miss, every bit'
Pleach, 17. to lay down a hedge. O.Fr. ; Cotgrave; Ray, N. C.
Words.
Shakspere, Much ado about Nothing, Act IIL sc. i. 1. 7 :
' And bid her steal into the pleached bower.'
Plough-down, v. used by hop-growers. To plough the earth away
from the roots before cutting them.
Plongh-up, V. to turn back the earth after the former process.
Plump, V. to swelL Used in the same way as frump.
Pole-pitching, v. setting up the rows of poles in a hop-yard.
Pole-polling, r. taking out the poles at the end of the season.
Poshy, adj. wet, or steaming.
Pot, n. a measure of fruit, &c., varying from eighty to ninety pounds.
i
24 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Pot-basket, a square hamper holding a pot.
Fot-fniit, eating fruit, as distinguished from the rough sorts used for
cider, perry, &a
Pothery, adj, close ; warm.
Pot-lid, n. a dish of stewed rabbit.
Pouk, w. pimple. Pronounced paxyuk. Corruption of pock.
"PoweTf n, a great quantity. (Halliwell.)
Prill, n. a small stream of water.
Prinunsrrose, n. primrose.
Prise, (1) n, a lever. (2) r. to burst open with a lever. See
Skeat.
Png, V. (1) to pull. *Dunna kip pugg In* at my gownd like that^
child.* ' The master's pugged Johnny's ears.'
(2) to pluck fowls. * Do yu cahll that the waay to pug fowls,
yii lazy wench ? Look *ow penny thaay be I '
(3) To draw on one's resources. * My da'hter's ill, an' 'er 'usband's
out uv work, an' thaay Ve nine little 'uns, thaay pugs me dreadful,
thaay do.'
Pugg^, adj\ dirty-looking ; ill-complexioned.
Pnllback, n. drawback; hindrance.
Purgate, n. the pit under a grate. Same as Ess-hole.
Pxurgry, (idj\ conceited ; uppish.
Ptit, V. (!) to set out a meal. (2) To serve with food.
PtLt-abont, v. to vex, or worry. *That upset along uv the naay-
bours ptU me about above a bit.'
Putchen, n, an eel-basket.
Quakers, n. quaking-grass.
Qneece, w. wood-pigeon. (Abberley.)
Qoice, 71. Same aa above.
Quilt, V, to beat.
Quilting, n. a beating.
Quining, n. the foundation of a wall. Corruption of coigning.
Kaok, n, a narrow path cut through a wood ; a winding-path up-hilL
(Bewdley.) Halliwell, rocA; (2).
Baise-the-place, v, to make a disturbance. * Wen 'e 'eard as Joe
wuz gon', 'e rose the plaayce,*
Eaisty, adj, rusty ; rancid.
Eanald, n. a fox.
WEST WORCESTERSniRE GLOSSARY. 25
Sate, «. Ranunculus AqudtUis. Water ranunculus.
Seaming, adj, excellent. * That's reamin* good aay*l, an' I dunna
cahr if I *a8 another glass or two.*
Seen, n. last bout of a veering in ploughing.
Seherse, v. to leave a strong taste in the mouth. Fr. rehercer,
• Them be strong onions surelie, thaay reeraes ahl daay.'
Semmeddy. * Thar's no reinmeddy ' = no help for it. * So yii
knaows, miss, the fust time as 'is lardship come down after my poor
mon were dyud, 'e sent far m$, an' 'e says, "Well, Mrs. Paiige,"
*e says, "so youVe lost yer 'usband. Well," says 'e, **thahi''s no
remmeddy,^^ '
Sight, adj. downright. **Er*s right ill this time, thahr an*t no
purtence about it.'
Scad, n, fashion; manner. *That an't the right road to do it.
Stop, you, an' let me shaownd yii.'
Note. * Stop, yoa,* would have a stress on it, therefore you would
be pronoimced in full ; at the end of the sentence it is contracted.
Sobble, n. a tangle ; v. to tangle.
Soccatee, n. A technical term in carpet- weaving by the handloom.
When a Brussels carpet was finished, it was left on the loom until
a few yards of the next piece were woven, and rolled tightly upon
it, to equalise the pressure on its pile. These few yards were called
a roccatee, but lost the name when the first piece was taken away.
Sodney, n. an idle, loafing fellow.
Sooflle, V, to rouse.
Sowings, n. chaff, or refuse from a threshing-machine.
Suck, (1) n. a fold, or crease. (2) t;. to crease.
Sncked-np, adJ, caught up in folds, creased.
Snck-0*-brick8, n. gaol. Prisoner ordered to pay a fine, at the
Petty Sessions at Hundred House, April, 1879. * I 'oona paay, I'll
go to the ruck'O* "bricks fust.'
Snggle, V. to struggle, or strive with difficulties.
Sninate, v. to ruin.
Snination, v, ruin.
Sales, or Seals, n, saltworks. (Droitwich.) The stoves used to be
locked by the excise-officers, and sealed imtil they came to open
them, hence seals = sales.
Sallies, n. willow-boughs.
Sally-bed, n. plantation of willows grown for hop-poles, &c.
Sally-bnng, n. a large porous bung used by cider-makers.
Sally-tree, n. willow.
26 WEST WORCESTEllSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Sam, or Sam np, v. to collect together.
Spcuser, F, Q., Bk. I. cant. x. et. 57 :
' Now are they saints all in that citie »am*
Shep, Cal. (May), 1. 168 :
* For what concord have light and darke aamV
Sapy, (flj. moist ; damp ; soft ' This 'ere size is that sapy, t'ant no
sart o' use.'
Savation, n, saving ; economy. * Them saowing-machines is a girt
aavation o' time.'
Soabble, v, to rough-hew stones.
Scandert, n, drunkenness. (Halliwell.)
Scawt, V, to slip. * 'E tried 'is best to git on, but 'twas that slippy
'e kep' scavotitC back ahl the w'ild.'
Soiftsems, n. scissors.
Soogging, adj, boastful, self-important.
Scoot, 72. a comer, or division of a field, marked off for some purpose.
Soowl-of-brow, judging by the eye instead of measuring. * I dun
knaow w'at ahl them young chaps wants alius 'a-moasurin' thar
wark far. Yii see that yat mahr r Well, 'e 'angs well enow, don't
'e ? I piit 'im up on*y by scowl-uv-hrow*'
Sorat, t7. (1) to scratch. (2) To work hard. (3) To scrape together.
Soratchings, n. a dish composed of fat from the 'leaf of a pig, cut
up into dice, Med, and eaten, generally on toast, with pepper and
salt.
Soraunch, v, to crush with a grating sound.
Scrawl, V. to crawl.
Tussor, Fine Hundred PoinUs of Good Husharidrie, 499 :
* If gentils be $crauJtng call magget the py.'
Scrigglings, or Scrogglings, ;». apples left on the tree as worthless.
Scrimity, adj. stingy.
Scrobble, v, to scramble.
Scrouge, v. to crowd, or squeeze. (Halliwell.) Teacher. *Boy8,
why don't you sit still in that comer ? ' * Please 'm, we be
acracmged^ (1880).
Scruff, or Scruft, n. the back of the neck.
Send, V. to rain slightly.
Scutch, n. couch-grass. See S^nitcL
Seed-lepe, n. basket for holding seed. Late A.S. sed-Iwp, Prompt.
Parv, Auctioneer's Catalogue, 1880.
Seedness, ?i, seed-time.
Seeds, 7i. growing clover.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 27
Beggar, n. strong case of fireclay, in which china is packed in sand,
to be burned in the oyen.
Sennoo, n. sinew. The Prompt Parv. has cenu.
Set, V. to let (of a house). ' Them be nice little 'ousen o' Pigman
Qrayeses a* top o' the laayn ; I shu'd like far ta 'aye one on 'um,
but I reckon thaay be ahl set by now.*
Bharrod, or Sharwood, n. a young deer.
Shear-sheep, or hog, or Shearling-sheep, n. two-year-old sheep.
Sheed, r. to shed.
Sherry, n. a support for a gate-post.
Shet, v. to shut.
Shift, V. to moye from one house to another.
Shore, r. to prop up. See Wedgwood.
Shnp-pick, or Shnp-pnk, n. a short pitchfork.
Shurdle, r. to shiver. * Wat bist shurdHin thahr far ) Come ta the
fire an' wahrm theesen.*
Shut on = rid of.
Sib, r. related to. * Thaay be sib ta we ' = they are related to us.
^Ifric; Prompt. Parv.
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Tale of Meliboeus : < They ben but litel sihbe
to you, and the kin of your enemies ben nigh aibbe to hem.*
Vision of Piers PU/wman, Pass. VI 113 (Text A) :
' Bote hose is sih to this sustren
Is wonderliche welcomen.'
and 123:
' Merd is a mayden ther, and hath miht oyer hem alle,
Heo is sih to aUe synful men.*
Sickle-hooked, adj. said of wheat that is too weak in the stem to
stand alone.
Sidder, adj. tender. Applied to peas that boil well.
Sie, V. to strain milk. Petty Sessions at Tenbury, Sept., 1881. Boy,
* I was in the dairy 'elping mother to sie the milk.' Magistrate,
* What were you domg P ' Boy. * We wuz sieing the milk.'
Sie — Milk-sie, n. a fine strainer, through which milk is poured when
first brought into the dairy.
Sight, n. a great quantity.
Sike, V. to sigh.
Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Knightes Tale, 2127 :
' And with a sad yisage he sik4d still.'
Franklein's Tale, 276 :
* Aurelius ful ofte sore siketh.*
Vision of Piers Plouman, Pass. V. 229 (Text A) :
* Then sat Sleuthe up, and sikede sore.'
28 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Simple, adj. ill ; weak. ' Joe's a hit better, but *e*8 niiglity simple,
'e caniia stand scahrcely.'
Simple-looking, adj. insignificant. * What is that tall plant in your
middle flower-bed ? * * 'Deed, 'mum, I dunno. 'Twas give to me,
but I dunna cahr about it much, the flower's a simple-looking thing,
ain't it ? '
Sippetty, adj, insipid.
Skeel = bntter-skeel, n. tub for washing butter. Thoresby to Ray.
Skim-dick, n. home-made cheese.
Slighty, adj, slightly made ; insecure. * I dunna like them boughten
frocks, thaay be so sliyhty ! '
Sling, or Slinget, n. a narrow slip of ground.
Slip, n, clay for china -making in a liquid state.
Slither, v. to slide.
Sliving, n. a slip or cutting of a plant. Prompt Parv,
Slother, v. to smear, or wipe up carelessly. *I s'pose that gurl
thinks as 'er's claned the floor ! 'Er's alothered it over, some waay,
but 'er*ll 'ave ta do it agen, as sure as I stands 'ere.'
Slnmmaking, adj, awkward.
Slurry, n, snow and mud mixed. See Solid.
Smudge, v, to kiss.
Snift, V. to sniff.
Sock-cart, n, cart for liquid manure.
Bogging, or Soggy, adj. soaked with wet ; moist ; damp.
Ben Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, Act HI. sect. iL :
* The warping condition of this green and aoggy multitude.'
Solid, (1) adj. solemn.
(2) V. to thicken, or make solid. * The roads be nowt but slurry ;
I wishes thar 'ud come a frost an' solid 'em a bit'
Sords, n. rinds. Prompt. Parv.
So-say. For the sosai/ = for the name or sound of a thing.
Spadguck, n, sparrow. (Bewdley.)
Spaul, V. to splinter, or break away unevenly ; generally said of the
branches of trees. Sometimes corrupted to sporle.
Spire, V. to throw up green shoots ; to grow. See Skeat. * I thaowt
ahl my trees waz dyud, but thaay be spirin' nicely now.*
Spenser, F. Q., Bk. m. cant. v. st. 52 :
* Of womankind it fayrest Flowre doth spyre,
And beareth Fruto of honour.'
Spirt, n. a sprout, or shoot.
Spit, V, to rain slightly.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 29
Spittle, n. a spade.
Spittle-tree, n. spade-liandle.
Splother, v. to 8[)lash. 7t. a splashing noise.
Spot, V. to begin to rain.
Spreader, n. the stick used to keep out the traces from the legs of
cart horsea
Squawk, v. to cry out ; to squeal.
Sqnilt, n, a sore place, or breaking out on the skin.
Sqnitch, 71. (1) a birch twig. (2) Couch grass.
Stag, n. a cock-turkey two years old.
Stag-quicks, n. strong old thoTn-qiiichf removed from a coppice or
hedge to another place ; thus distinguished from young quicks.
Starve, r. to be cold.
Starven, adj. pinched with cold. * Alice is such a nesh little thing !
Wen 'er's plaayin* with th' others in an evenin*, 'er'll run into the
*ou8e, an' *erll say, ** Oh, mammy, do put I on a jacket, I be so
starven .' " *
Stean, or Steen, n, an earthen pan.
Spenser, F. Q,, Bk. VII. cant. vii. st. 42:
* Upon a huge great Earth-pot-«<€a» he stood.*
Steer, 71, starling. Sometimes Black-steer,
Stele, n. a broom-handle. Prompt, Parv. ; Ray, S, C, Glu8sa7*y,
Chaucer, Cant, Tales, Miller's Tale, 597 :
* And caught the cultor by the colde stele,^
Piers Plowman, Pasa XIX. 274 (Text B) :
* A ladel . . with a longe stele,^
Spenser, F, Q,, Bk. V. cant. xii. st 14 :
* And in his hand a huge pole-axe did bear,
Whose st^le was yron-studded, but not long.'
Stelch, n. a post in a cow-house to which cows are fastened.
Stive up, v, to confine closely.
Stived-np, or Stiven-close, adj. stifling. (Halliwell.)
Stock, V, to peck as a bird. See Wedgwood. * The maggot stocked
my 'and uncommon 'ard.'
Stop-glat, n. stop-gap. *Dunna yu bum that thahr furzen ; YuU
do far a stop-glat one o' these daays.'
Storm-cock, n. missle- thrush.
Stub, 71, stump of a tree. See Wedgwood.
Stub, V. to grub np.
Tusser, Fiue Hundred Pointes of Good Hnshandrie, xxxv. 23 :
* Now stub up the bu.sho8.'
/
30 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
And XXXV. 47 :
' be readie with mattock in hand
To stub out the bushes that noieth the land.*
Suff, n. drain. See Wedgwood under Soak. Ray, N. C. Glossary,
Snity, adj. level; even.
Sup, (1) w. a drop. * *Oona thee 'ave a sup a cider, Tomi'
(2) v. to swallow. * Sup up the physick, child, an* dunna 'iwor-
'ovver over it like that ! '
(3) V. to supply with supper. * Jem went out last night to $up
the cowa*
Swarm, v. to climb. See Wedgwood.
Swelth, n. a swelling.
Swig, V. to sway. * Them trees did sung about i' the wind above-
a-bit.*
Swingle, n, a swing, v, to swing.
Swither, /». perspiration.
Tabber, v. to make a drumming noise. See Wedgwood under Tabor,
Oamekeeper. * Go you up te the top earner of the coppy, BiU, an'
tahber a the big oak till I cahls to *ee.*
Nahum ii. 7, * The voice of doves tabering upon their breasts.*
Tack, n. {!) hired pasture for cattle.
(2) A flavour. * The aay*l (ale) *as a tack a the barrel*
Tail-cratch, n. the rack at the back of waggons for holding hay, &c.
Taking. To be in a taking = provoked, or angry.
Tallat, n. a hayloft.
Tally, n. a piece of wood on which the work of each hop-picker is
measured, by means of notches.
Tally-man, n, the man who measures the hops in a bushel basket.
Tang, V. to call bees together (when swarming) by making a noise.
Teart, adj, sharp; painful. 'That cider a youm's mighty tearf,
maiister.* ' The wind's teari this mamin*, an' no mistake I ' 'I run
a pikel into my fiit, 'twas mighty teart,*
Ted, r. to spread hay. See Skeat ; Ray, N. C, Glossajj.
Tusser, Fine Hundred Poinies of Good Husbandries liv. 1 :
* GK) sirs and away
To tedd and make hay.*
Teem, v, to pour out. * Canna yfi drink yer tay, lad % Teem it inta
the sahrcer (saucer) then.*
Teg, n, a sheep of a year old.
Tempest, n. a thunderstorm. * My ! dunna it look black ! us 'uU
'ave tempest afore night sure/ie ! *
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 31
Terrify, v. to torment ; to puzzle. * 'E canna get a wink a slip uv a
night ; 'is cough is terrifying' * Yft never knaows 'ow to please 'im,
'e grumles if yii goes out, an' *e canna bar yii to stop at 'ome : it's
terri/yirV to knaow what to do far the best.'
Thack, (1) w. thatch. (2) v. to thatch. Ray, N, C. Glossary.
Tusser, Fiue Hundred Fointee of Oood Uiuhandrie^ liii. 12 :
* With whinnes or with furzes thy houel renew,
as also for thacke.*
Theave^ w. a yearling ewe. (Ray.) 'Flock of crossbred sheep,
comprising 108 fat and meaty shear-hogs and theavesJ Auctioneer s
Catalogue, 1879.
Thick, adj\ intimata
Thill-'arse, or Thiller, n. the shaft horse. Prompt, Parv. ; Auc-
tioneer's Catalogue, 1880.
Shakspere, Aierchant of Ve^iice, Act II. sa ii : * Lord, what a
beard hast thou got ! thou hast more hair on thy chin than Dobbin
my thill-korse has on his tail ! ' {Steeven^s Edition,)
Tusser, Fiue Hundred Pointes of Oood Hushandrie :
' With collar and harness for thiller and all.'
Thrave, n. bundle of straw of twenty-four boltings. Ray, N, C.
Glossary.
Thresh, n. the lower part of a horse's hoofs.
Thribble, adj, threefold. * The b'ys nowadaays is that fast, thaay'll
sahce (sauce) a man thribble thar age' (1878).
Throstle, n. a thrush.
Thumb-piece, n. a piece of bread with cheese or meat, held between
the thumb and finger.'
Tice, V, to entice. *I wish I 'ad never sot eyes o' that Priddy
(Preedy). 'E's ticed Jem awaay from 'is plaice with 'is taayl's
about sodgerin' ! '
Tid, adj. tender ; nice ; fanciful. * Father '5odna like far Susy to go
Vfiir *er 'oodna be used kind, 'er's such a tid little thing.*
Tiddle, (!) v, a. to fuss, or fidget ; to tend carefully. (2) v. n. to be
carefully tended.
* If 'er 'adna bothered 'erself about that good-far-nothin' b'y, 'er'd
a bin aliye now, an' 'er might a tiddled along a good bit.'
' The parson 'e giye m^ a slivin' a that ge-rai-num, an I tiddled
UY 'im anl the winter, an' I got m^ a tidy £ee now, yii see.'
Tiddling, n. a lamb brought up by hand.
Tiddy, atlj. small ; tiny. * Miss 'as got such a lovely watch,
'tis such a tiddy little thing, nat much bigger nur a ponny-pioco.'
Tiddy white-throat, n. the white-throat.
1
32 WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Tidy, adj. seasonable ; appropriate ; well in health ; of good quality.
* 'E's a tidy waay to walk afore 'e gets oaiim/ * How be you ta-
daay ? ' * Pretty tidy.' * The 'oss looks pretty tidy J
Tusser, Fiue Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie, Ivii 22 :
' If weather be faire, and U'die thy graine.*
Tind, or Teend, v. to kindle. See Skeat.
WycliiT, New Teat, Matt. v. 15 : * Ne me teendith not a lanteme
and puttith it under a bushel.*
Spenser, VirgiVs Gnat :
* go, cursed damosoles,
Whose bridal torches foul Erynnis tyndej
TiBsick^ (1) n. a hacking cough.
(2) V, to cough. * Grannie, 'er kips tisHckin^ ahl the w'ild.*
Topping and Tailing, trimming turnips, &c., performed by women
in the autumn.
Torril, n, an expression of contempt. *Bill Porter's come out a
prison, is *e P Well, it 'oona be long afore 'e's back, I should saay P
^'s a torril^ 'e is.' * Them taters is torrtV-looking things/
Tosty-ball, n, cowslip-balL See Wedgwood under Toss,
Tot, n, a small mug ; also jar, such as ointment is put into. Child
at School-treat, *Be we to 'ave more tea afore we goes oaiimP
Why, us 'ave sent our tots back ! *
Totterdy, adj, infirm. ' I've *ad the rheumatics very bad this three
wik, an' I be that totterdy I canna 'ardly scrawl.'
Towsle, n. to worry ; tease ; pull about. See Wedgwood.
Traipse, v, to tread in ; to tramp. See Wedgwood.
Trees, n. plants grown in pots.
Trig, n, a mark in the ground. Gardener, ' S'pose I puts a trig in
this earner, missP It 'ull be 'andy far you to mark the tennis
ground from.'
Trow, n. a boat of eighty tons, used on the Severn.
Trowse, n, any stuff used for making hedges.
Tnmp, n, a mound, or hillock.
Tormits, n. turnips.
Turn, to get the turn ; to pass the crisis. * I thaowt 'er mun die
sure/jV, but 'or's got the turn on it news.' * My 'usband 'adna no
work ahl the winter, an' we wuz pinched, and wuz forced to run in
debt far broad an' coals, an' such ; and it 'ull tak we a long time to
get the turn on it*
Tum-again-gentleman, n, the Turk's cap lily.
Tush, V. to draw a heavy weight, as of timber, &c.
Twinny-'nns, w. applied to fruit or flowers, &c., of which two have
grown on one stalk, or in one shell.
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 33
Ugly, adj, inconvenient * An ugly country * = bad roads. * How
do you manage to get over that stile in your garden, Mrs. Harris ?
It must be very awkward for you, as you are so lame ? ' * 'Tis a
ugly stile, sure/te, but I gits over 'im some 'ow. I pulls out the
uvvermost raayl yii knaows, and it an't so bad then.*
Ugly-fat, n. a double chin. * 'Asn't the baby got a t'rrible ughj-fat ? '
Undeniable, adj, excellent; good. * *E's an undeniable gardener.'
Unforbidden, adj. disobedient. ' I shall tell the niaiistcr to beat
them childem, thaay be so unforbidden; speakin' an't no sart
o'use.'
Unked, adj, awkward ; also lonely ; miserable. * The missis took a
dill a paayus uv our 'Becca, but 'er couldna never larn 'er to be
tidy. Er sims reg'lar unhtd^ *er do.' * Thaay lives right up a' the
top o' the common, w ahr thahr au't no other 'ousen any w*ahr near.
'Tis a unked sart uv a place.'
Unkind, adj. bad ; unfavourable. ' The banes (beans) dunna graow
one bit, thaay sims so unkind.*
Unsnity, adj. uneven; imequaL
Upon-times = occasionally.
Uprit, adj. upright.
Upset, n. a quarrel, or disagreeable occasion.
Urchin, n. a hedgehog. See Wedgwood.
Bojnaurd of the Rose, 3135 :
' Like sharp urchons his haire was grow.'
Shakspere, Titus Andronicus, Act II. sc. iii :
' Ten thousand swelling toads, as many ur china.'
Utis, n. noise ; confusion. Corruption of Utas.
Shakspere, 2 Henry IV,, Act II. sc. iv. :
' By the mass, here will be old ulis ! '
Uwermost, prep, uppermost ; overmost.
Veering, n. a certain number of ridges or furrows in a ploughed field.
Yentor'some, adj. adventurous.
Void, adj. raw. * Our Bill's *ad the most awf uFest broken chilblains
as ever wuz. But Mrs. James 'er give me a tot o' stuff as did 'urn
a sight o' good. Thahr's on'y one pTaayce about as big as a pin's 'ed
that's void now.* An empty house is always said to be void.
Voylet, n. a violet.
Wady, adj. weary ; tedious.
Wallers, n. salt-makers. Cf. M.E. walleny to boil.
Wallowiflh, adj. nauseous. See Wedgwood. 'The doctor's give ino
J
34 W£ST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY.
some stuff as is downright wallowiah; but I*m bound to saay it 'aye
done mS a power o' good.'
Wally, or WoUy, n, rows into which hay is raked.
Want, n, a mole. Pronounced oont,
Waps, n, wasp.
Warm, v, to beat. ' Let me catch 'eo doin' that agen ; Til walirm
w f I
yui'
Warmship, n. warmth. 'Thahr's a dill a wahrmship i' my owd
shahl (shawl).'
Wastril, n, an idle fellow.
Water-waggits, n, water-wagtaiL
Watty-handed, adj, left-handed.
Wanve, (1) v. to cover over. Eay, N. C, Glossary, 'Thee'd best
wauve over that rick wi' a tarpaulin ! thahr'll be tempest to-night'
(2^ To lean over. * I were i' the tallat an' 'eard um talkin' ! so
thmKs I, thaay binna ater no good : an' I just tvauvea over to 'ear
what thaay said ! '
Weep, V. to run as a sore does.
Well-ended, adJ, said of crops safely carried.
Welly, adv. nearly. ' Gie I a mouthful a fittle, I be tceUij clemmed.'
Werrit, or Worrit, v, to worry. See Wedgwood. 'A tcerriV is
often used when speaking of persons of anxious temperament.
What-for. * I'll give yii w^at-far I ' a familiar phrase, meaning, Vll
give you something to cry for.
Whiffle, V. to change about from one quarter to another (of the
wind). See Skeat.
Whiffling, adj. changeable.
Whimmy, adj. fall of whims.
Whippit, 71. a mongrel dog.
Whosen, 2^071. whose.
Wicken, 71. a small basket in which salt is packed. (Droitwich.)
Wimmy, adj. giddy ; having a swimming in the head.
Wim-wam, n. a giddiness; a new-fangled thing.
Windle-straw, ti. anything light and easily blown about.
Wink-a-pip, adj. imperfect.
Local proverb : * A tvink-a-pip blaow
Gives apples enaow.'
Wire, V. to make tendrils. * The 'ops is wierin^ ahl over the ground.
Wires, 7i. the tendrils of the hop plant.
Wise, V. to slip in or out. 'The lad wised out a the back door
WEST WORCESTERSHIRE GLOSSARY. 35
when 'e thowt as none on us sid 'im.' * Er puk up the money, an
wised it inta 'er pocket, that ely, you'd a thaowt er'd stole it.'
Wisket, n. a strong open basket. Ray, N. C. Glossary,
Withy, 71. osier.
Witty-tree, w. mountain-ash.
Wobbling, selling beer, &c. without a license. Worcester Journal,
May 3, 1879 : ' A case of wobbling against Elisha Allen came before
the maffistrates this morning.' Birmingham Post, July 30, 1880 :
* Case of wobbling,'
WofSe, V, to glide along swiftly. ' Them traayns woffles along so as
you '66dn't scahrsley believe it.'
Wretch, n, an expression of endearment or sympathy. Pronounced
tvr(Uch, Old woman to young master: * Ad! 'ow is the missis to-
daav, poor wrcUch f *
Shakspere, Romeo and Juliet, Act I. so. iii. 1. 46: *The pretty
wretch left crying, and said aye.'
Othello, Act nL sc. iii. L 90: * Excellent tvretchl Perdition
catch my soul, but I do love thee ! '
Wnm, n. home. Kidderminster weaver to his dog: *Thee canna
come along this time. Wum it, lad I ' Sometimes oaUm and woaiim
are used.
Ysnier, prep, yonder. Workman to his wife, in the Hahherly Valley,
June, 1880. 'Come up that thahr bonk do! What's the good a
settin' *ere ? Why bless yu, from the other side o' yander, you cun
see the Lard knows w'ahr ! '
Yarb, n. Herb.
Yarby-tea, n. a decoction of herbs.
Yat, n, gate. Prompt, Parv,
Chaucer, Cant, Tales, Clerkes Tale, 957 :
' But with glad cheere to the yate is went.*
Spenser, Shep, Cat. (May) :
* When I am abroade,
Sperre the yate fast for fear of fraud.'
Yed, or Ynd, n. head.
Yoe, n. a ewe.
Yox, V. to cough, or spit up.» ' Our Polly swallow'd a pin, an* I thaowt
'er'd a died suie-lie, but 'er yoxed it up after a bit.
Chaucer, Cant, Tales, Beeves Tale, 231 :
' He yoxeth, and he speketh through the nose.'
Yum, n, hymn.
Ynmbiik, n, hymnbook.
J) 2
i
36
ADDENDA.
Bist, 71. beast, applied solely to cattle.
Brenth, n. Breadth.
Bumble-bee, n, the large field-bee.
Dog-daiBy, w. Clvnjsanthcmum leucanthemum. Ox-eye daisy.
False, adj. always used for deceitful.
Grip, n. a small gutter. Eay.
Iwy, n. ivy.
Like one o^clock = easily and quickly accomplished.
Maid, (1) n. the wooden instrument used by laundresses, commonly
known as a dolly,
(2) V. to use the above.
Maiding-tnb, v. the tub in which clothes are maided.
Mastie-dogf n. mastiff.
Maythen, n, Matricaria Chamomilla, wild chamomile.
Mourn, v. to make a low moaning noise.
Kotice, — to take notice of, is to pay attention. ' This gardener sims
to tak' a dill more notice than &' other 'un wuz use to do. The
gardin looks a sight tidier now.'
Off, i^rep. from.
Off-'is-yud, — out of his mind.
Pinner, n, pinafore.
Pddn, 17. to pound, or knock.
Prong, 72. a table fork.
Pndlock, 71. a puddle. (Kidderminster.)
Stank, V. to dam up a stream. Of. Skeat, stank under stagnate.
Stddk, n, a handle of a cup, &c. Cf. Stowky Kay*s N. C. Wards,
Housemaid : * Please, 'm, I took *old o' the jug, an' the stock come
off in my 'and.' (1882.)
Tetchy, adj. fretful. See Skeat, under Tack.
Think-on, v. to remember.
Widder, v. to tremble, shiver, or totter. Cf. Whitlier, in A Bran
New Wark.
37
LOCAL PROVERBS.
SAYINGS RELATING TO THE SEASONS AND THE WEATHER.
Who in January sows oats
Getfi gold and groats.
If St. Paul be fine and clear,
It betides a happy year,
But if it chance to snow or rain,
Dear will be all sorts of grain.
Much February snow
A fine summer doth show.
If February^ calends bo summerly gay,
TwiU be wmterly weather in the calends of May.
To Si Valentine the spring is a neighbour.
By Valentine's day every good goose should lay ;
But by Dayid and Chad both good and bad.
In the quarter from which the wind blows on Candlemas day, it will
remain tiU May.
Muddy water in March, muddy water every month of the year.
Never come March, never come winter.
March rain spoils more than clothes.
On David and Chad
Sow peas good or bad.
March is said to borrow ten days of April.
If it thimder on All Fool's day,
It brings good crops of grass and hay.
If it rain on Gk)od Friday or Easter Day,
Twill be a good year of grass, but a sorrowful year of hay.
A cold April the bam will fill.
The April flood carries away the frog and his brood.
A cold May is kind.
Shear your sheep in May, and shear them all away.
Mist in May and heat in June
Will bring the harvest very soon.
s
38 LOCAL PROVERBS.
Cut thistles in May
They grow in a day.
Cut them in June
That is too soon.
Cut them in July
Then they will die.
Bain on the 8th of June foretells a wet haryesi
The cuckoo is neyer heard before Tenbury fSair (April 20), or after
Pershore fair (July 26).
Till James's day is come and gone,
There may be hops, and there may be none.
A sunny Christmas Day is a sign of incendiary fires.
Better have a new-laid egg at Christmas than a calf at Easter.
The winter's thimder is a rich man's death and a poor man's wonder.
If the cock moult before the hen.
We shall haye winter through thick and thin ;
But if the hen moult before the cock.
We shall haye winter as hard as a block.
Hail brings frost in its taiL
A dry summer neyer made a dear peck.
Look for summer on the top of an oak tree.
When elum leayes are as big as a £&rden,
It*s time to plant kidney beans in the garden.
When elum leayes are as big as a shillm' ,
It's time to plant kidney beans if you're willin';
When elum leayes are as big as a penny.
You must plant kidney beans if you mean to haye any.
A good year of kidney beans, a good year of hops.
39
PROVEEBS ON GENERAL SUBJECTS.
If you are bom under a threepenny planet you*ll never be worth
fourpence (Swift's Polite Conversations),
A lowing cow soon forgets her calf.
The early bird gets the late one's breakfast.
Solomon's wise, loath to go to bed, but ten times leather to rise.
A nimble ninepence is better than a sleepy shilling.
A wink-a-pip blow
Brings apples enow.
One mend-fftult is worth twenty spy-faults.
Twenty yoimg,
Thirty strong,
Forty wit,
Or never none.
If s a poor hen that can't scrat for one chick.
Dilly-dally brings night as soon as Hurry-scurry.
It is proverbial that the Worcester ladies are 'Poor, proud, and
pretty.' That the accusation of pride may be brought asainst the
W orc^itershire people generally is proved bjr their saying that ' Out's
is the only county that can produce everything necessary for its own
consumption.*
* It shines lik^ Worcester against Gloucester ' is a very old saying.
A stone church, a wooden steeple,
A drunken parson, a wicked people.
is a proverb at Tibberton.
Sell wheat and buy rye.
Say the bells of Tenbury.
All about Malvern Hill,
A man may live as long as he will.
When Bredon Hill puts on its hat,
Te men of the vale, beware of that.
i
40
WORCESTERSHIRE SONG.
Come ahl you lads an' lasses, an' a story you shell 'ear,
Consamin of the pretty gurls as lives in 'Oostersh^r : ^
Thar cheeks is like the roses, thaay be lovely, gaay, an' f^r,
An' thar is no gurls in England, like the gurls uv 'Oostershdr,
Chorus, — ^Thaay be 'ansome, thaay be chamiin' (or comely),
Thaav be lovely, gaay, an' /er.
An' tne prettiest gurls in England,
Is the gurlB uv 'Oostersh^r.
Thraough England, an' Ireland, an' Scotland I 'a bin,
An' over the Welsh mountains w'ar beauty I 'a sin ;
But uv ahl the lasses in the world, I solemn?^ declar,
Thar's none that tak's my fancy Uke the gurls uy 'dostersher.
Chorus, — Thaay be, &c.
Thar's Jane, an* Sail, an' lovely Ann, an' pretty Mary too,
Thar's Betsey, an' Amelia, an' bonny black-eyed Sue,
Meria, an' Eliza, an' Kitty too so fdr.
May 'appiness attend the pretty gurls uy 'Odstersh^r.
Chorus, — ^Thaay be, &c.
Some can brew, and some can baake, an' some can spin an' sew.
And some can knit, an' some can sing while plaitin' uy thar straw.
Some can tie a velvet band around thar pretty 'air ;
Sure you never saw such lasses as the gurls uv 'Oostersh^r.
Chorus, — Thaay be, &c.
Some can use the fark an' raayk, an' some can drive the plough,
An' some can sing like nightingells while milkin' uv thar cow,
An' some can dance the 'ampipe when thaay goes to Parshur far ;
What 'ansome, charmin' creeturs are the gurls uv 'Oostersher.
Chorus. — Thaay be, &c.
Be'old the Farmer's dahters, with thar ring-ullets an' veils.
An' a 'airy muff tied roun' thar necks, jus' like a donkey's tail.
Silk gloves, an' dandy ribbuns, to tie up thar lovely 'air ;
What 'ansome, charmin' creeturs are the gurls uv 'Ottstersh^r.
Chorus, — Thaay be, &c.
You buxum blades uv England, if you wish to chainge yer Hfe,
Praay 'asten into '06ster8hcr, an' choose yersolf a wife ;
An' when yer jinod in wedlock's band, a bumper fill sa clear.
An' drink a 'ealth to the charmin', bloomin' gurls uv 'Oostersh^r.
Chorus, — Thaay be, &c.
Note. — In speaking of the counties generally, a decided emphasis is laid
on the t of shire ; but in this song, to suit the exigencies of rhyme
or rhythm, the filial syllable in each verse is shir.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
niBTAXirnro «o thb
DIALECT OF MID-YORKSHIRE;
WITH Omm VSOVLLUI TO
LOWER NIDDERDALB.
1^'
SEKIES C. — - *^
ORIGINAL GLOSSARIES,
AND GLOSSARIES WITH FRESH ADDITIONS.
V.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
PBBTAIKINO TO TUB
DIALECT OF MID- YORKSHIRE;
WITH 0THBB8 PBCULtUL TO
LOWER NIDDBRDALR
TO WmOH 18 PBEFCUCD
AN OUTLINE GRAMMAR
OF THE MID-YORESHIRE DIALECT
BT
C. C10TI6H KOBIKSOE
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOOIBTT
BT TBtJBNER A CO., 67 & 59, LUDGATB HILL.
MDCOCLXXTI.
JOHN CHILD8 AND BON. PRINTERS.
PREFACE.
In the piepaiation of this Glosaary, there were originally ex-
cluded all words which, though forming part of the writer's collection,
were also to be found in the Whitby Glossary^ published in 1855.
As, however, neither Mr Ellis, nor Mr Skeat, were favourable to this
plan of omission, it was abandoned, and the very considerable
number of words common alike to the Whitby Strand and, inland,
to Mid-Yorkshire, were rendered in glossic, and incorporated. In
the process of accomplishing this much, more became necessary.
Where, for example, in the Mid-Yorkshire area, a verb was in com-
mon use, in the Glossary referred to there was a restriction (clearly
unintentional in many cases) to a mere participle; or, to a verb,
where, in the first-named locality, a substantiYe form had a joint
currency. In the Whitby Glossary ^ an exclusive prominence was
also given to various fractures which, in the Mid-Yorkshire dialect,
existed only as interchangeable features. Lastly, there were many
words which varied in meaning in the respective localities. It was
necessary to indicate these instances of the different treatment of
words, and hence the additional notes comprised in the present
Glossary.^
The variety of dialect in which the words and illustrations
throughout have their glossic rendering is, unless specific reference is
1 Since the abore was written, for the completed Olonarj, the English Dialect
Society haa iisaed the fint part of the second edition of the Whitby Olauaiy, bat
aa, on a general examination, the additional matter is not found to interfere ma-
terially with the notee suggested by the fint edition, these haye not been re-
modelled, nor, with their direct bearing on the phase of dialect now represented,
baa it seemed neoesaary to revise them.
VI PREFACE.
made to another locality, that of Mid-Yorkshire. Where a word has
several of these bracketed renderings, their order of precedence cor-
responds, as a rule, with their degree of use ; and. such forms as are
heard only in the refined phase of dialect speech are distinguished.
The contractions immediately following the glossic rendering of
each dialect word will be understood as indicating the several parts
of speech* Where there is no contraction of this nature, the word
exampled is a singular substantive.
The words contained in the first edition of the Whitby Glossary
are unclassified in their uses. In the following pages, where their
classification was necessary, it will not, in many cases, be found in
correspondence with the usage noted in the Whitby Glossary,
Wliere, in this Glossary ^ the exampled use of a word is restricted
to one part of speech, say, a neuter verb, and its local use as an
active verb ought to have been also noted, it seemed the simplest
and most convenient plan to indicate this complete usage merely by
adding ' v. a.' after the ' v. n.'
In the illustrative phrases furnished throughout the Grammar
and the Glossary, the single words with a short vowel-sound have
their quantity marked, whether accompanied by stress or not. Thus,
the dialect phrases, * One and the other,' * Well, mind him of it, if
you go, if you please,* * I loves, we love, they love,' are respectively
rendered [Yaan* im* tid'*u], [Weei, maa'nd im* ont*, gin' yi gaan*,
un* yu pli'h'z], [Aa* luovz*, wey luov, dhe'h' luov], and the reader
is left to distinguish the stress and the stressless words among the
short-vowelled ones by the ordinary rules of speech. This plan has
been adopted so that no doubt may rest with the reader as to the
quantity of the vowel in any monosyllabic word. But when words
are uttered emphatically, as in the sentence, * I tell you he did say so,
ncnrthen,' the emphasis is denoted in the usual way, by placing a
dot before the emphatic words [Aa tilz* yu e'y 'did* seh** si'h', 'noo*
dhin*].
The rendering of the local pronunciation is in accordance with
Mr A. J. Ellis's system of glossic, which has, in practice, been found
of the most perfect convenience ; enabling the writer to transfer to
paper peculiar sounds according to his own exact appreciation of
PREFACE. Vii
them, and (while thus satisfying the ear) to obtain those having a
theoretical value.
The bracketed notes throughout, to which the initials * W. W. S.*
are appended, do not indicate the extent of Mr Skeat's services, in
connection with this volume. In general, he has corrected and
revised in duplicate each sheet as it has come from the press ; and
has bestowed on the details of each portion of the work an unwearied
attention which the writer must be permitted gratefully to acknow-
ledge.
The area for which ' Mid- Yorkshire ' has been fotind a commodi*
ous term may be shortly described as being a rural district extending
widely about the city of York, running parallel with the Ouse, but
chiefly west of this river. On the map, its approximate limits may
be indicated by a line drawn to include Easbigtcold (13 miles north-
north-west of York); Ripon (21 miles north-west); Ripley (20
miles west-north-west); and Wetherhy (20 miles west-south-west).
Having been led, by a course of investigation conducted during pre-
vious years, thus to circumscribe the area over which a familiar phaso
of dialect extended, the writer devoted an exclusive attention to this
phase. The villages and market-towns within the area which, as
centres of observation, mainly contributed to his resources are, Kirk-
Deighton, Nun-Monkton, Marton-cum-Grafton (with Borough-
bridge), EInaresborough, and Eipon in the West-riding ; and Tol-
LERTON (with Easing wold), in the North-riding. Casual experiences
were obtained from many intermediate places, of which there are few
within the area specified which have not, in some manner, directly
or indirectly, furnished their quota.
The dialect of this district entire is popularly accredited with
being more ' Scotch ' in character, than that of the outlying north.
This notion connects itself with the characteristic use, in the respec-
tive localities, of the open vowels represented by [e'h] and [i'h'] ;
the former of these, which, in the northern part of the county, exista
as an interchangeable refined form, being the most general one in
Mid- Yorkshire. The nearness of this locality to the southern manu-
£^turing districts, with their varied and distinct modes of speech,
has not been productive of any immediately recognisable result in
VIU PREFACE.
correspondence. The influence which might be expected from this
direction is, however, sufficiently discernible in the existence of more
active mental habits, in the shrewder instinct in affairs of business,
and in a more actual disposition to enterprise than is usually observed
amongst rural dwellers collectively. The two minster, and the several
old market-towns of Mid-Yorkshire, with their local reputation for
feast and fair, and other traditionary days of stir, have been an
attraction for ' north-country ' people, within and beyond the county,
for successive generations. From this circumstance may, perhaps,
be evolved the best kind of argument in estimating the influences
which have combined to render compact those elements of character
which the Mid-Yorkshire variety of dialect is found to possess.
By 'Lower Kidderdale' is indicated the lead-mining district
immediately about Patdey-Bridge, The characteristics of this phase
of dialect are chiefly observable in a direction from the village of
Greenhoto HUl to that of Dacre. At the former place, especially,
there is a slight but continuing influx, fix)m adjoining localities, of
rural settlers, whose peculiarities may not be readily distinguishable
to the casual observer ; but a familiarity of acquaintance will often,
in such a case, reveal distinctive and noteworthy habits of speech.
Under the head of ' Bynames^ in the Glossary, reference is made
to a Ust of such names preserved in old local muster-rolls. A little
publication printed at Eichmond, in the North-riding, ten or twelve
years ago, furnished a list of the Swaledale and Arkendale names of
this character, belonging to men sent to do permanent duty at
Bichmond ; and are taken fix)m the muster-rolls of Captains Metcalf
and Stewart's companies of the 'Loyal Dales' Volunteers.' They
are these : Grain Tom^ Glourremour Tom, Screamer Tom, Poddish
Tom, Tarry Tom, Tiah Tom, Tripp Tom, Trooper Tom (all Thomas
Alderaon by name). Assy WiU Bill, Ayny Jack, AygiU Tom Bitt^
Becka Jack, Brag Tom, BvUet, Bullock Jammie, Buck Beuben,
Butter Geordie, Bowlaway, Broumsa Jossy, Cis Will, Cotty Joe,
dodgy, Owoaty Jack, Curly, Dickey Tom Johnny, Docken Jammie^
Daut, Freestane Jack, Gudgeon Tom, Hed Jack, Awd John, Young
John, Jains Jack, Mary Jack, King Jack (all John Hird, by name).
Katy Tom Alick, Kit Puke Jock, Kanah BiU, Knacky Gwordie,
PREFACE. IX
LoHocJc Ann WiHf Matty Jwoan Ned^ Mark Jammie Josa^ Moor
Close Owordie, Nettlehed Anty^ Peter Tom WUly^ Peed Jack^
Piper Ralph, PuUan WUl, Eoherfy Will Peg Sam, Rive Rags, Skeb
Symy, Slipe, Slodder, Swinny, Spletmeat, Sfrudgeon WUl, Tash^
Tazzy WiU.
In another publication, of which a few numbers were issued, at
an earlier period, in the same locality, the existing Swaledale names
are characterised in the following paragraph :
* Such names as, Tasstf-Jack, Dicky' -Jim, NatharC-WilV-Will,
Petet'-BiannM-Tom (the name of the father, mother, and son,
incorporated)^ Katie^-Tom*-Alec (a similar case), Katie* -Torr^' Alec*-
lad (the case increased to the great-grandfather series), and Katie*-
TofnC-Ale^-lad^Aad (another ascent in the generation), Butloch-John,
Tish'Tom, Trooper, and Sptit-Meal-Jack, are of common occurrence,
and used, too, with such frequency and r^ulariiy that the original
baptismal designations are almost forgotten. One person was called
WiUy trf f ^e, having lost one eye.*
Strings of proper names like the above are strictly localised, and
peculiar to the mining-dales north and the manufacturing villages
south. In the common rural type of village, memories are not
burdened in this way ; and the byname is nothing more than what a
capricious humour originates. Many people earn their own bynames
through some trait of character which is * loud ' enough to challenge
the common attention. There are instances where a person's phy-
sical infirmity subjects him to a byname, but when this is the case the
motive is well understood to be unobjectionable. There are often
two of the same Christian and surname in a village. One must be
distinguished, somehow, and if so be that one of the two called John
IB lame, the means are to hand at once 3 one is called * John,* and the
other ' Lame John.*
Up to a very few years ago, a curious ceremony prevailed at one
little village, near Boroughbridge. On Twelfth day, the men dressed
themselves up fantastically, and yoked twenty-four of their number
to an old, but a newly-whitewashed plough. Every arrangement com-
pleted, even to the tying of bladders to the ends of the drivers' whip-
lashes, the company began to go the roimd of the village. At the first
X PREFACE.
convenient place, a halt was made, and the proceedings initiated by
there being read over a roll of the names of those people of the village
who had given birth to children during the past year. These each
received a hyname, on the spot. This ceremony concluded, the men
went 'stotting/ with their plough, round the village, collecting
money. Those people who could ' thole ' nothing had their door-stones
taken up, and a furrow was run over the place ; or, if there was a
front garden, then this was ploughed across. In stopping before a
house to repeat the short sentence of ' nomony/ or formula usual,
bynames were always employed. Thus, there was a person named
* Firelocky who had been complimented by having an only son
named ' Stunner.^ On reaching the house of this family, the spokes-
man of the Stotters stepped forward, and said : — ' We wish Aud
Firelock a merry Kers'mas, an* a merry Kers'mas to Stunner, his son ! '
In this village there was no one inhabitant without a byname.
Belonging to old people, were those of Firelock, Punch, Bendigo,
Sugar, Fad (whose son was Fad^ Bil, exceptionally), Peace and Plenty
(man and wife), Butch\ Caud-Cabbage, Wag, Jobber, Puggy, Saggy,
Moorey (the man's name not being Moore), Aud Tut, Aud Things,
Aud BSats (Boots), and Aud Soss, one of the complimentary names
bestowed on the devil Names were changed occasionally. Those
given to children were not considered objectionable, by rule. In the
case of notorious, unpopular residents, however, it was generally
admitted that their offspring had * crampers ' of names bestowed upon
them. A similar custom prevailed at another place in the same
locality, Aldborough. Here, the ' Shepherds,' as the * Stotters ' (the
more usual name) are also called, yet turn out on Twelfth day ; but the
proceedings have grown to be very mild. Formerly, their first move-
ment was to wend their way to a spot known as 'Chapel HilL'
Here the roll of all the dwellers in the town was called over ; their
bynames being employed ; and, after this proceeding, more of such
names were bestowed upon the new-comers, who, at the end of the
ceremony, were then warranted in upholding their right of e]\jo3rment
of all privileges and immunities belonging to the place. This little
town, with its large mixed population, is, however, not to be con-
sidered as fairly rural in character ; and the village before indicated
PREFACE. XI
18 a specimen of those odd rough types which have borne their cha-
racter for generations, and is one where farm-labourers and jobbers
constitate nearly the whole of the inhabitants. The custom of the
common type of Yorkshire farming village, while similar in character,
is quite divested of obtrusive ceremony ; and has a pervading ele-
ment of kindliness which cannot be overlooked.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Mid. Mid-Yorkshire.
Nidd. Nidderdale (Lower).
gen. general (to the above localities).
ref. refined (phase of dialect).
Wh. Gl. Whitby Glossary (first edition).
/
AN
OUTLINE GRAMMAR
OF
THE MID-YORKSHIRE DIALECT.
The Mid- Yorkshire dialect, and the dialect of the peasantry of the
north of the county haye, oonstmctiTely and idiomaticidly, strongly as-
similatiye qualities, and, in short, a genius in common, yet differ, to an
extent, in their respectiye Tocabularies, as also in certain methodical
pronunciations. But these circumstances do not make apparent the real
grounds of distinction between the two raiieties of dialect, and are
practically without import. In each of these rural districts (ignoring
the mining dales), there are heard the same sounds in the same words,
but only in relation to different phases of each yariety of dialect From
whatever point of view, involving either a general or partial aspect, the
speech of ttiis part of the county may be considered, there is found to
be a clear distinction between the refined phase of the dialect, as spoken
by an upper class of people, chiefly in the market-towns, and the vulgar
phase, as spoken by the peasantry ; nor does this distinctiveness arise
from the approximation of the former phase to modem usage as respects
pronimdation. For the immediate and operative source of distinction
between dialect and dialect, attention must be directed to the existing
local standards of refinement, by which pronunciations are arbitrarily
and instinctively referred to either the one or the other relative phase at
speech. There is additional material for distinction in the changes, mul-
tiplied and radical, which many of the commonest verbs (in particu«
lar) are, in their pronunciation, subjected to ; and, by this means, a
semi-refined phase of dialect is evolved in the language of the peasant.
In Mid-Torkflhire, the local scale of refinement in relation to sounds is
curiously complicated in its bearing on various classes of words, but is,
in practice, adhered to with an undoubtful impulse of mind by thoso
speakers who, if not amongst the most instructed, arc intelligent, and,
as even a stranger might be impressed, unvitiated in their use of the
vernacular.
LETTER-SOUNDS.
XIU
To begin with the pronunciation of the letters of the alphabet, the
UBage, in Mid- Yorkshire dialect, is as follows :
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
"Eyh'].
^eyl
■Sey-J.
"Dey*, d'ey].
I?;
Ih'-ch, e-h'ch].
'Aa*y, aa*].
;Ki-h'
[Aeyl
[AeymJ.
'Aeyn'J
AoVj.
P
Q
B
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[Pe-y].
■Kih'-, ki-w (ref.)\
;Aa-r]
Aeys'J.
[Te-y, fe-y].
Yiw, yih'% yao*w (ref.),
(ref.)].
u1yiw-,yih'**,(and)
ao-h'(ref:)l [Duob-u'l-
yaow (and) ao" (ref.)].
'Aeyks*]
"Waa].
;Zid-].
lAanpe'h'sil].
yoo*
. . [Duob*
NoU, — ^In order to avoid encumbering the following paragraphs, the ex>
amples of words in which a particular sound obtains are not multi-
plied to any extent, and are given just as they immediately and
coUectively occurred to memory. In what were deemed needful
cases, there are departures from this rule, but, generally, it has not
been attempted to exhaust, by example, the various classes of words
(many, in some instances) which are the recipients of an indicated
sound.
The several sounds belonging to this vowel are [e'hn (as in mate,
part) ; [eh**] (harvest , harsh) ; [aaj {are, dare) ; [aa] {wmU, can, able
tyaab-ul]); [ao-h'] {/all, call) ; [ej (Aa«, cast) ; m-'l {late, Kate),
The use of particular vowel-sounds in the dialect is greatly dependent
upon circumstance. Thus, whether A is heard as [ih''J, or, as [e'h'] is
determined according to the nature of the accent, as in the sentence :
' It 's the same ^ain,* where the a of same may resolve itself into either
of the mentionea forms, by reason of stress, or by quantity.
Of the above series of pronunciations [aa*] is the most distinctive.
Under certain circumstances, but neither uniformly nor consistenUv,
and, at times, with manifest imconsciousness, some speiakers occasionally
employ [:a*h] in accented syllables.
In regard to the digraphs :
oe is of infrequent occurrence, and, when heard, is sounded [e*h*] ;
at is sounded [e'h*] {faith, remain) ; [i*h'] (again, slain) ;
au faoh''] {Jiaul, authority, fault) ; in the class exampled by the last
word tne liquid is iiniformly mute ; [aow*] {taught, caught) ; [uo] {gaunt,
flaunt, assault, laudanum, laurel) ;
aw has also the soimd of [uo], with the addition of [h^ {crawl, bawl,
scrawl);
In the refined phase of the dialect, the several sounds of A are [ail
(mate, fate) ; [aa*J {are, far, hard) ; [u*] {dark, stark) ; [aa] {was) ; [ao-J
(all, pall) ; of ae [e] ; of at [:e-] {faith, rain, lain), and [eh'*] (grain,
h
6
XIV LETTER-SOUNDS.
chain) ; of au [ao] (fault, haul), and [u] {jgaunt, flaunt, laurel) ; of aw
[uw].
B.
In some few words, this consonant occasionally takes the place of p,
as in mojp, dapple. Baptist, the verb to dip, in all its parts, and, f^-
Suently, in the verbs to hop, flap, drip, $nip, also, siibstantiyely, in
ie three last words. Probably the word * Barley ! ' — an ejaculation
employed by children in their games, when a truce is desired — may also
be mcluded in the list.
In such words as tremble, humble, nimble, assemble — a large class, I is
never inserted, as it is in standard English.
CL
In some words the dialect has preserved the (original) hard sound of
X;, as in chum, chaff, bench, pitch (verb), thatch [thaak*], flitch [fliii'h'k],
bleach, reach. Rich (a common abbreviation of Richard), belch, perch, arch
[aa'k (and) eh**ch], screech [skrd'h'k], beseech [bisi'k (and) biseyk (ref.)],
milch, church [kaor^'k], chest [kist'].
Initial d, preceding a vowel, and final d have frequently a peculiar
thick sound, approaching a dental. The usual souna imder omer cir-
cumstances is distinctly dental. In some cases, when in immediato
proximity to its related consonant b, d systematically supplants <, as in
but, bottom, buttercup, cutty.
This letter substitutes th with great frequency, and in other cases
onlygives way to dental t
Unless in association with a word used participially, d is usually
mute when immediately preceded by n, as in ?iand, handle, candle, com-
mand, stand, land.
E.
The sounds of this vowel are [oe*] (occasionally, as in me, be) ; [ae*y,
aey*] (heard in the same class of words, with [me*y] and [mey] as the
renned forms) ; [e] {met, bet) ; fi] {met^ fret, let, yd) ; [ao] {her) ; [uo]
{her, yes) ; [i'n] {errand, herb [i'nib, yihTb], extreme riksrri-h'm], fever) ;
fih'*] {news, flew) ; [aa'l {serve, rnercy) ; faaj {peril) ; [ae] long and short,
IS also heard in interchange with [e], out rarely apart from accented
syllables ;
CO is [i'h*] {death, breath, leave, sea, bread, cheap) ; [i] (in the first
part of some words, of two or more syllables, as, meadow, jealous, zealous,
breathless, cleanliness, measure, treasure, pleasure) ; [eh**] (fieart) ;
ee [pi**1 {see, feed, tree, flee, free, three) ;
ei [ih*'J {feign, deign, reign, vein, rein, mischief; the vowel being
medial at times) ;
eo [ih**] {people) ; [i] {leopard, jeopardy) ;
eu, and ew (interchangeably with [I'w]), [i'h*] {feud, deuce, slew,
fewer).
In the refined phase, the sounds of E are [ey] {me, be) ; [uuy] (in
slight interchange with tiie foregoing) ; [i] {fret, met, let) ; [ej {mMle,
fell, gentle) ; [u] (long or short, according to position, as in A^r) ; of ea
[i] {ready, tread) ; [e'y] (breath, dead, swear), and [uy] (sea, tea); of ee
ey] {see, feed, tree, flee, free, three> % of ei [uy] {reign, rein, deign, feign,
LETTER-SOUNDS. XV
vein), and [ey] {mischief, brief, sieve) ; of eo [ey] (people), and [e]
(Uopard, jeopardy) ; of eu, and ew [oe] (feud, Jew, slew).
P.
There is a strong disposition to sound this consonant in the place of
th, initially, in certain "words, as in thratch (to quarrel sharply], through,
thrust [finiost*], thimble [fim'u'l], throstle, throng, and in thought, as
habitually pronounced by individuals [faowt*].
G.
Final g, and the additional g which may be gained participially, as
in sing, singing, are, by rule, seldom heard ; but, on the part of some
individual speakers, the ^s in each case are dearly enunciated on all
occasions, as in * gang,' * ganging ' [gaangg-, gaang-mg], go, going.
In such words as finger, fUnaery linger, the ^ is a constituent of the
first syllable entirely — [fingni, mne'u, ling-u]. Many words fall into
tius category, as fangle [feang'ulj, dangle, wrangle, spangle, mangle,
angle, tangle, hunger [:uong-ur], monger (as in ironmonger [aaTu'n-
muong-ur]), mongrel [mruo'ng-ru], longer, thronger [thraang'urj, jingle,
dingle, tingU, and others.
in words having ough as a component, the tendency in regard to pro-
nunciation is not to make a guttural of the consonants, as is done in
fmi'h^. Mew, vb. to cloak up, to overwrap, to conceal or pack within
layers of any material, is usually pronounced [muof* (and) miw*].
01 is ezprrased generally by [dl[]. In words having the mgraph
gth, g is omitted in pronunciation, as m strength, length,
H.
This letter is, by rule, never attempted in pronunciation, and, when
heard, is due either to accident or caprice. An equivalent sound is
approached when w is made to precede the vowel o initially, as in one
form of each of the words oats and host, pronounced, at times, almost
distinctly rwhuoh^'ts] and [whaost*], tiie emission of breath bdng
abrupt, and almost amounting to a whistle.
I.
The sounds of this vowel are [aa*] (/, rice^ mind, chine, pine, lion
[laa'u'n], kite); [ih**] {machine, magazine, and other words which, in
xeceiTea pronimciation, have the sound of e long, as seen, been, fifteen,
jfc^rdinej; p] {blind [blin*], dimb [tlim*], swim, wind, find [finO, tvirid,
vb.) ; [eej {oolige, night, might, sight, right, blight, fright) ; [aey* J {fight,
right [raeyt {and)reet*]) ; [ao] {stir, birth, mirth, firm, bird, flirt, squirt,
first) ; [no] (m interchange with the preceding vowel) ; [u] (miracle) ;
ia is fee*] {briar, liar) ; [aa*] {dialogue [daa'luog], diamond, Messiah);
ie pi?*] {believe, sieve, grieve, shield, field) ; [aa*] {science, quiet, lie,
^); &(/r<end);
foTaa*] {lion, Sion, violet [vaaiut]) ;
iu [aa'uo] {triumph [t*raa'uomp]).
In the refined phase, the soimds of t are [ey (and) e*y] (fine, fire,
XVI LETTER-SOUNDS.
iron); [ba*] (nghtt blind); [ao] (first, third, hirth); [uy* (and) u'y]
{fight, right); [e] (ffirl); of ia [ey]; of tc [ey] and [e'yj; of to [ey];
of ta [ey* uo].
Xi.
When this consonant immediately precedes d or t, and cliiefly when
the vowel is a, o, or dipththong au or ou, it is mute, as in gold, moulder,
9older [saoh'-d'ur (and) saowd'ur}, hold [aoh**d], old [ao'h'd (ana)uoh'*d],
coW, salt, fault, malt, bolt [baowt].
When In occurs immediately before the termination er of nouns, the
/ and n undergo transposition, as in milner [min'lu], and the proper
name Kilner [Kiniu].
0.
The sounds of this vowel are [e'h*] (wJio, do, »o, most, throne, dole,
more) ; [i'h'] and [ih**] (in interchange with the foregoing vowel in most
of the same words) ; [uo] {not, lost, scoff, animosity, apologise [upuolli-
jaa"z], profit, lot, folly); [ao'l (0, lo ! (and [le'h*]), low, mow, snow);
[ao] (jwst, host, whole [waol']) ; [u] (of [uv*], or, nor, for) ; [aa] {long,
strong, throng, among, hot [yuat'l) ; [o] is a frequent vowel, as in on, open
[op*u'n], and interchanges with [ao] in most words where this vowel
obtains;
oa is [oa'h*] {coal, foal, road) ; [e'h*] {broad, toad, had) ;
oe \q'd!] {doe, toe, hoe, aloe) ; [uo't] {poetry [puo'yf ri]) ;
oi [:ao*y] {toil, foil, soil) ; [uoy']{poi7it, anoint. Joint, moist, poison) ;
[uoh**] as ill quoit [kuoh't, kwuoh''t], is an exceptional vowel sound;
00 [i'h*] and [ih'*], the first usually employed monosyllabically, or in
fiauso {proof, stool, book, door, goose, choose, moon, look, boot, booty, noon) ;
e'h'] {room) ;
ou [oo*] {sound, hound, surround, thou, poultry, house, sour, round) ;
[i'h*] {truth, enough, tough) ; [ih''] {cough, youth, though) ; [e'h*] {/ought);
uo] {trouble, mourn, journey) ; [aow] {soup, four, sought, brought, thought);
ow is also sounded [oo'J in such woi-ds as cow, noto, bow, brown, town,
shower, dowry ; but in others, as low, bestow, snow, grow, below, [ao*] is
the vowel, to which [h'] accretes before a following consonant. Somo
of the words of this class, as low, snow, below, have the interchangeable
vowel [e*h*].
In the refined phase, the sounds of are [ao*] {who, so, post, over,
hosier [ao'zur], note); [u*] (/or, torment (sb. ana VD.), mortar, sorrmv);
[u] {not, long, on, among); [uw], with [aow*] in interchange, to some
extent, (do, douni, cow, how) ; of oa [ao*] ; of oe [ao*] ; of oi [u*y] {poison,
noise, moist, toil, soil, point). In quoit, the vowel is, exceptionally,
[kwao't (and) kao*t]. Of oo [uw], with [aow] in interchange, to some
extent; of ou [aow*], with [uw*] in some interchange, {sound, flour,
flower, poultry); [u] {tough, though); and [u*'] {mourn, bourn. Journey
^u*nu^). The refined form of ow is [aow], with some interchange of
uw*], m such words as cow, now, bow, brown, town, shower y dowry ; and
uw], in such as low, bestow, snow, grow, below.
■
On the part of a class, whose use of the dialect is free, but not broad,
there is a tendency to change the usual sound of ph for that of a simple
LETTER-SOUNDS. Xvii
p. The following words are habitually subjected to this treatment by
the class of people indicated : pheasant [^iz'u'ntlt physician [puzi..8hu*jij,
photograph [paot*ugraap], |)Ai7o«op^<T [nlo..8upu],|jAt7(wopAy [pilo-.supi]
(with a capnce of treatment), * sumphy ' (i. e. marshy ; of the nature of
a quagmire) [8Uom*pi], camphor [kaam'pru (and) kaam*fru], sulphur
r8Uol*pru (and) suol-fru], blasphemy [blaas'pumi], orphan [ao'h'pun
(and) u'pun] (the first the commonest), pamphlet [paam'plit], sphere
[spi'h'r], seraph [sur'up], triumph [t'raa'uomp], epitaph [ip'itaap], para-
graph |j>aarusraap (and) paar'ugraaft], elephant [il-ipunt]. Philip in
fjEuniliar speecSi is abbreviated to [Pil], as also Humphrey to [Uomp*].
Murphy and Morphet^ proper names, are pronounced, respectively,
[Maor'pi, Muor'pi] and [Mur'pit, Muorpit]. Amphitheatre is also treated
in the same manner [aampiti'h'tu]. The peculiar pronunciation of the
digraph ph in this list of words is not equally representative of southern
speech; nevertheless, the last form, abbreviated to *Ampy* [aam'pi],
was, in the dialect, the designation of a popular place of amusement at
j^eeoo*
Q.
In the word quaint, there are individual speakers who, in pronuncia-
tion, elide the o, so a« to render the word, as nearly as possible, [weh^'nt].
To quick, in all its parts, simple and compound, is attached the same
peculiarity. But in quiU, the mitial letter is displaced by t [twilt'].
B.
This letter is not often trilled, apart from an initial position, and,
when heard, the trill is of a varying character, and seldom a forcible one.
A dental r is invariably employed in many words.
In other words, having e, t, or u for vowel, followed by r, this letter
IB often transposed, as in curd [kruod*], Wrd [bruod' (also) buor'd* (and)
baod'l, sJierd [shred*], burst [bruost*], grin [gu'r'n, ci*r*n, (also) gie'n
(and, out seldomer), g:i'n], dstem [sist*runj, ?crtcrn riik*t*run], lantern
[laan't'runj, western [wis't*run], and generally in this class of word
which receives the accent on the first syllable. 80, too, there is often a
transposition in bum, and burnt, and systematically again in furmenty
[fruommti], thirty [thruoti], spurt [OT>raot*], camphor [kaam'fru], suU
phur [suol'fru], interest [inirruost]. The last word would, however, be
spelt, oy dialect speakers, * intrust,' and the refined pronunciations are
essentially distinct from the vulgar, being [in'turist (and) in'trist].
S.
The sound of this letter in such words as measure, pleasure, treasure
18 that of z, and, to the ear, the termination ends with the following
vowel [mizu, pliz'u, t'riz'u]. This is the rule, also, in regard to other
words which, in ordinary usage, associate the *tsh* sound with the
digraph tu, as in nature [ne'h'tu], venture [vin*tii], furniture [faonitu],
future [fiw-tu, fih*'tu], picture fpik'tu], scripture r8lmpi;uj, manufacture
[maanifaak'tu], «mi«rc [si'h'zuj, rupture [ruop'tuj. .Also m other words,
with a differing termination, as^/wdwa/ [puong'tu'l], 7wu<ua/[iniw*tu'l],
riakteous [raa'tih's], question [kwis'tun]. In each list the f s are usually
all more or less of a dental character.
T.
This consonant is, also, like d, often heard with a slightly thick, or
Xyili LETTER-SOUNDS.
Bemi-dental sound, as an initial and as a final letter. In other positions
< is a distinctly dental letter.
In participles with the sound of pt occurring finally only the first
letter is heard in dialect speech, as m slept [slep*], wept [wep*], kept
eep'], swept [swep*], crept [krep*], (other forms iJeing [knp', kraop*,
•uop', (and) kraap*]). So, also, in the past tenses of heap — * heapt *
[ep'], and feap—* leapt* [lep*]. When, however, the vowel proper [ou]
of the last verb is employed, then the final t is heard in the participles
(*loupt' [laowyt]). The participles stript and *grapt* (p. t. of grip)
have also the mial letter mute in pronunciation ([stTip*, graap*]), but
this treatment is exceptional to their class.
U.
The sounds of this vowel are [uo] (tub, up, under [uon'd'u], muff,
stuff, sun) ; [ih''] (dukcy rebuke, flute, sugar, sure, rhubarb frih^'buob], mul-
titude [muortitin'd], refuse); [:i'w] (use; also with [li'h'j for vowel, and
with initial y added, in each case) ; [ao] {hurt, spurt) ; [i] (much, such,
just ; and with [uo] for vowel, in the case of the last word) ;
ua is [e*h'] (quart, persuade (also with [i'h*] for vowel), adequate
Snot spoken), guard, guardian, Stuart — ^proper name) ; [aa] (squander
skwaan'd'uj, guarantee fgaar'untii'h*]) ;
ue [i'h*] (true, flue, blue, revenue [nviiii*'h'], rue, subdue [suobdi'h*]) ;
[i] (quench, guest, conquest [kuong'kwist]) ;
ui [aa*] (guide, guile, disguise) ; [ih**] (suit, fruit, Juice; in other words,
as recruit, me vowel is of a medial character) ; [i] (guilt, built) ; [uo]
(quit, quirk, squirt, squirrel) ; but these are exceptional instances, and in
the last three words the vowel is in full interchcmge with [ao] ;
uo [uoh'] (quote).
In the refined phase, the sounds of U are [ao] (hurl, churl, under,
curse, humble, grumble, murder, stun, burden, curtain) ; [uo] (suffer,
blunt) ; [uu] (tub, up, stuff) ; [yaow] (use, union, universe, and, without
initial y, rhubarb) ; [uw] (duke, flute, mute, subdue [saobduw], cue, abuse
[ubuwz] vb., [ubuw's] so.); of va [w] (quart, guard, guarantee, with
medial vowel [g:u'runtaeyj), [ai*] (persuade, quake), and [aa] (squander,
quantity); of ue [aow] (true, blue, rue, hue, with initial y for h), [i]
Ufuest, conquest, quench), and [iw] (revenue [riviniw (when read, but
[rivini"h*] when spoken), /m€/); of mi [aow] (juice, bruise), [uw] (recruit,
fruit, suit), [a*e] (guiU, built, guide, guile, quit, disguise, quilt), and [ao]
(squirt, squirrel, quirk) ; of uo [ao'] {^^wte, quorum).
In some of the commonest verbs and simple singular nouns there is
a constant disposition to sound v for/, as in calf [kao*h*v], half [ao'hV],
sheaf [shaav], stave [staav], and though not in safe, yet, on occasions,
exceptionally, in the compound vouchsafe [viuochsi'h v] ; also in scar}
[skaa'v], unless the vowel is [e'h*], which is the commoner form; in
'neaf fist [ni'hV], deaf, vb. [di-hVl, delf, sb. [dilv], 'thafe,* p. t. of
thieve [the-h'vl c//" [ilv], ^/pi"h*vj, Aoo/[uo*v, li'h'v], «CMr/ [skuorvj.
In woi^ of whicn the vowel is i or u there are exceptions to the rule
illustrated by the foregoing words.
In two or three common nouns, v displaces b, systematically, as in
gable [g:i'h'vu*l], and shoeband [shuovu'n]. In the term * hubbleshow^
(a confused noise) v also, at times, takes the place of b [uovulshoo*'].
k
LETTER-SOUNDS — ACCENT. XIX
Conversely, however, there are as many instances where h takes the
place of V, but the class of word varies, as in navely sb. [ne*h*bu*l], rivet,
vb. [reb'it (and) Tib'it]y frivolotis, adj. [frib'lns].
In over, and its compounds, v has the soxmd of w [aow'h*].
Z.
In several words, this letter has the soft sound of «, as in axle [aas*u'l],
next [nu'st (and) nikst], Haxhy (the name of a place), [Aas'bi], six
[sii's] ; also in * ax*=* aJca^ — ask [aas*].
Y.
When the sound of y is e<}uivalent to % long, it falls into the same
category as this vowel, and is represented in dialect speech by [aa*],
as in rhyme [raa-m], sly [slaa*], fly [flaa*], justify [ juostifaa*].
This letter is, with |^reat firequencv, added initially to a word begin-
ning with a vowel ; or is put in the place of A, when tiiis letter, followed
by a vowel, begins the word. This is a process, however, which often
entirely change^ the vowel, as in hot [uot*, yaat'], acre [chltii, yaak'u].
The vowels which chiefly acquire y, in the way indicated, are a and o.
The vowel e also receives the form, but in a less noticeable way.
ACCENT.
The mode of accentuation in the dialect speech is not in entire con-
formity with modem usage.
Words of two syllables are, in all but exceptional instances, as com-
pound, sb., adj., and vb. [kuompuo'nd], accented according te rule.
Words of three syllables, having a final long vowel, are commonly
accented on the last syllable, as reconcile [rikunsaa'l], remonstrate (not
a spoken word, but, when read, pronounced [rimuonst're'h't], calculate
[kaalkile'h't], celebrate [silibre'h^t], circulate Tsaokule'h't], and words
generally which terminato in ate; jubilee [jiwbilee*], distribute [disfri-
biwtj, si^i/y fsignifaa*], multiply [m:uoltiplaa*], and words ^nerally
terminating with the sound of i long. To a great extent, trisyllables
with a final short vowel have the accent on the penult if marked by
short a, as relative [rile'h'tiv], combatant (not spoken) [kuombaat'u'nt].
Words of four syllables are also, te a great extent, affected peculiarly
in having the accent on the penult, as indicative [:indike'h*tiv], circum-
stances [s:aokumstaan*siz], antiquary [:aantikwe'h*ri], and, outside the
vocabulary, such other words as subsequently [s:uobsikwin*tli], super-
fluous [s:ih'j)ufli*h'8], munificent [m:ih*nifi8*u'nt], infinitive [tinfinaa'tiv],
leviathan [l:ih'vi-e'h*thun], imperfectly [:impufik*tli] (with an occasional
elision of the f, on the part of Uiose who are accounted bad speakers).
There are exceptional pronunciations, as iniquity Hin'ikwitiJ. Other
words conform te the verb in sound, as lamentable [leh'min'tubu'l].
When the last syllable has a for its vowel, it either receives the accent
alone, as in communicate [kuomih'nike'h't], or the accent on the proper
syllable is shared in a degree by the last, as in legitimate [lijit'imie'h t],
negotiate [niguo'h'ti:e'h't].
Words of five or more syllables are accented according to rule,
XX
ACCENT — SUBSTANTIVES.
unless terminatiiig in ^ or ^, or that the yowel of the penult is a, in
which case stress and length are restricted to this syllable, as in imagin-
€Uive [imaajine'h'tiv], accommodating [ukaomude*h*tin] ; the words of
this class which are in iLse in spoken speech being comparatiTely few.
When the termination is marked by le or y, there is also a tendency to
adapt the pronunciation to the indicated rule, as in immoderately
[imuod'ureh 'tli], immensurable [iminsureh**bu'l] ; and when it occurs
that both the antepenult and the penult have a for yowel, the accent
fiedls on the former, as in incomparable [inkuompe'h'rubul]. But these
are quite exceptional pronunciations, and, as a list, vary, as does trre-
vocable [iriyuo'Vkubu't], which, like many other words, maintains the
sound of thd verb.
SUBSTANTIVES.
THE POSSESSIVE OASE.
In the posseesiye case, the usual '« is, by rule, unheard. * T* lad
stick' [Tlaad* stik*], the lad*s stick. This rule is also followed when
nouns in the possessiye case occur in succession. * T' lad father stick'
[Tlaad- fi-h'd'u stik-].
OEimEB.
In regard to the gender of substantiyes, it may be stated, broadly,
that there is a general disposition either to employ different words
representatiyely, or to effect this purpose of distinction loosely by the
addition of some qualifying word, as * dam elephant,' in respect of an
elephaniesSf and * he-* ana * she-tiger,* for a tiger and tigreaSy respectively.
In yery many cases, the modem way of denoting the sex of ftTiimq^l'^ and
objects, by a suffix to the noun, is discarded as effeminate.
ADJECTIVES.
Not only do single syllable a^jectiyes form their comparatiye by the
ad^tion of er, with eat for the superlatiye, but those of two or more
syllables also follow this rule.
To the foUowinff list of words which are compared irregularly in
ordinary English, me Mid- Yorkshire dialect forms are added in glossic,
within brackets.
Bad[baad']
Far [faa-r]
Fore [fu-r]
Worse [waa's] ) equally
waaT J J common
Vaa-surj
Farther [faa-d'u]
[flEMlTU]
Former [finnu]
Worst [waa'st]
Farthest [fead'ist]
[flEMlTist]
Foremost ffu-must]
'fu'meh'st]
First t^Baost-]
ADJECTIVES.
XXI
Best [best*]
bef-u'rist]
1[)et*'u*rau8t]
'bet'*u*ru]
[gih'dist]
[Bef*u*ru] may,
Good [gih'd] Better [bet'-ur]
[gi-h'd'ur]tlielast
in relation to sub-
stance, mood of mind,
or inanimate objects
generally.
The several superlative forms are much heard,
however, be more properly distinguished as a comparative of a liigher
degree. It is often employed in conjunction with [bef'ur] when a
superlative meaning is not intended to be conveyed.
Late [U-h't] Later [li'h't'ur] Latest [H-Vtist
Last [laast*]
It must be noted that the definite article [f ] is always heard with
leui [tlaast*] and under no circumstances whatever is there a departure
from this rule.
Little riaatu'l]
[laai]
Less [les*] Least nih*stj
les'u] laa'thst]
laa-tlu] laa-list]
laalu] flesist]
In the last case, and also in the comparative forms, the vowel [e]
interchanges with [i].
Many
Much
muoni]
mich'l
[mik-ul]
Near [ni'h'r]
More [me'hV]
[mik'lur]
Nearer [ni'h'd'ur]
Old [ao-h'd]
Most [me'h'st]
[mik'list]
Nearest [ni'h'd'ist]
fni*h*d*umu8t]
[ni'h'must]
Older [ao-h*d'ur] Oldest [aoh'd'iht]
When an adjective is formed by the aflRx em^ the vowel and tlie r
are invariably transposed [run'J
When formed by the amx iy^ a is added [liz'l.
The demonstrative forms the one and the other contract and are in
constant use as [te'h'n, ti'h'n, tao'n (ref.)] and [tuod'nir, tid^'ur].
Each is not heard, the equivalent for this term being * one and the
other * [yaan* un* tid'*ur], or, in some positions, * ilka [ilku], which
word also supplies the place of every.
At the has its usual form in *at t" [aat'J. ^^, as a single word,
offcen receives the addition of en [aat'u*nj, chiefly before a vowel, but
also frequently when preceding the definite article. * He 's at the door '
[:I'z aat'u'n t di'h'r]. [Chaucer has atte before a consonant, but atten
before a vowel. In both cases the suffix is put for A.S. \>am, the dat.
sing^f the def. article. — ^W. W. 8.]
Where, under tiie ordinary rule, the termination Uh occurs, there is
in dialect speech a substitution of * like ' [laa'k].
The termination en is in a great measure ignored, but not to the
extent usual in town dialect, in which adjectives vigorously assert sub-
stantive forms, however ungainly, unless the word may be sounded as
a monosvUable. * A wood erooon ' [U wuod* spuoyn] ; * a stown (stolen)
coat ' [U staown kaoyt*].— (Lc«fo.) Alike in rural and town dialect, y,
as an a^ectival termination, is common when the sense of the word
implies Aayour, or mixture, and general in cases where the ordinary
XXll ADJECTIVES— PRONOUNS.
equiyalent is the siinple substantive form. 'Tarty' [te'h'ti], tart, or
aciduous ; * irony ' [aa'runi], mixed with iron ; * browny ' [broo'ni], of
a brown colour. — (Mid-Yorka,)
DisyUablee ending in al and hie are usually compared by er and est,
and not by more and most, as ordinarily.
Note. — ^In Dr Murray's * Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland/
page 186, there is a note of quotation from the Bey. J. C. Atkinson's
Cleveland Qloeeart/j respecting the demonstratiye forms current in the
last-named locality. They are said to be ** four forms, theea, thor, thedse,
and thora or thodse, of which the two in -« are used as plurals of this,
and the two without -« as plurals of that,**
In connection with this note, it may be of use to explain the Mid-
Yorkshire usage with regard to these forms, and with a little more
fulness.
' Theea ' [dhi'h'] is often put in opposition with tJiot, to saye re])eti-
iJon, and is a clear gain of a word in speech. Thus, where, in receiyed
English, a meaning could only be expressed by the phrase, * neither
that one nor the other,' or by a mmilar one, the dialect would accom-
plish it by * neither that nor there (or * tJieea ') one ' [ne'h'd'u dhaat* nu
dhi'h' yaan*]. The form is much heard in other ways, with an allied
meaning, but it is essentially a helping form, and does not usually take
the place of the simple word that, * It 's neither th^ thing nor the other '
[Its* ne'h'd'u dhi'h theyng' nu tid*'u]. In this sentence, the word can
scarcely be said to displace thai, [Dhi'h'] is, howeyer, most usually
heard as the pronunciation of thev, but chiefly on the part of old people ;
the more general form being [(me'h'], and always, m each case, with
the loss of the last element before a yoweL With quaint speakers,
* thor ' [dhaor**J takes the place of those ; and, for these ^ the form * thedse '
ing habit of speech. The Cleveland Oloeeary form * thors * [dhaoh'z] is
also yerv strictiy of this character, but is not recidily employed. It is
avoided by consistent speakers, who adopt [dhao'z], under aU circum-
stances.
PEONOUNS.
Tho pronouns, with the varying forms common to Mid- Yorkshire,
are as follows :
Sing, Dialect Equivalent, Plur, Dialect Equivalent,
Nom. I [Aa*, I] We [Wey, wi, wu, uz*]
[Aa] is quite often short, but in respect of this quantity is entirely
dependent on position and character in a sentence.
[I] is a peculiar sound, and, as indicated, oaly represented by this
letter as a glossic symboL In* rural and town dialect alike, the form is
characteristic of interrogative sentences. * Will Eh ? ' — Shall If * Mun
Eh ? ' — Must If Its use in town dialect is, however, especially restricted
to sentences of the kind shown, while in rural dialect it is put to a pecu-
liar use. In such a sentence as, / will do that, too, while l am at it, the
form ' Eh ' [I] is, in town dialect, an impossibility. In, for example,
the Leeds dialect, the renderingwould be [Aal' diw dhaat' tiw waal*
Aa *aam* aar* it'] ; but in Mid- x orkshire dialect [Aal di'h' dhaat' ti*h'
PRONOUNS. XXlli
waa'l I iz' aat* it'] (the last pronoun being also frequently quite un-
heard) — * at *=at it [aatt'J. Tnere may be, too, an interchange of [Aa]
-with the form [I]. But the use of this form, in any degree, infallibly
distinguishes rural from town dialect.
rWi, wu]. These forms are unemphatic.
[Uz'] (the pronunciation of us) is occasional, and the vowel inter-
changes with [uo], this being always the sound when constituting part
of the initial word of a sentence.
iMine [Maa'n, muyn* (ref.)]. Our [Oo'h*, wur', uz*, oa*h' (ref.),
aow'h' (ref.), ao'h' (market-
town ref.)].
My [Maa% mu, mi, uz*, Ours [Oo'h*z, uoziz, oa'h'z (re£),
muy (ref.)]. aowh*z (ref A ao'h'z (mar-
ket-town ref.)].
OocasionaUy there is heard a possessive suffix -ea, namely, ' mines '
eiaa*nz]. The word oum^ pronounced [aoh'n], is also frequently added
the simple form, and constitutes a compound possessive. It is chiefly
employed in pet phrases. * Thou 's mine own bairn ! * [Dhuo'z min*
•aoVn be*h*n !]. Or, in a more idiomatic phrase, * Thou nown bairn ! '
[Dhuo* 'nao'h'n be-h*n!].
[Mu, mi]. Unemphatic. The first form is usually prefixed to words
of endearment. * Come, my bairn ! ' [Kuom* (very often with the vowel
long) mu be'h'n IJ. The initial letter of the noun is, by rule, a consonant.
The last form is m fr^e use.
TJz*] (sing^. Occasional.
"Wur*]. Unemphatic.
yjoz'iz] — ». e, * us*s.' Occasional, and (but to a less extent) in town
as well as rural dialect.
[Ao'h'z]. In several Yorkshire localities, a long varying vowol,
without a final element, distinguishes this pronoun, as the [uz] of the
extreme north, and the [aa*z] of the south.
Obj. Me [Maey, mu, uz% mee', Us [Uoz*].
mey (and) muy (ref.)].
[Mu]. Unemphatic.
Mee*]. Mostly hoard in pause.
( Thou [Dhoo*, tu, dhaow. Ye ) [Yey (also ref.), yee', yu,
Nom. < dhu, dhuw (re£)]. You J yaow* (re£)].
(You [Yee-, yey (ref.),
yaow (ref.), yuw
(ref.)].
[Dhoo*]. In emphasis. In shar^ utterance, there is a distinct change
of vowel to [uo], and as the quantity of [oo*], when used, is very com-
mo^y of inordinate len^h, the sounds contiust greatly.
The use of the nominative thoUf for the objective thee, ia restricted
and ^neral to rural dialect * He shall not go.' * He will for thoo * —
will in spite of you — will be the contradictory response of a second
person, relative to a third. [Ee* saan'ut gaan*. I wil* fu 'dhoo*].
TJiou, along with the rest of the forms of the second person singular,
though naturally the expression of familiar feeling, is yet associated
with contemptuous treatment on the part of a speaker. When this
treatment is resorted to, it would be impossible to exceed the deliberate
tone and length of the vowel, and in this character the word is peculiarly
XXI V^ PRONOUNS.
expressiye. TowardB tmperiors, the objectiye case of the second person
plural is, as a matter of course, employed, but under circumstances of
strong feeling it is apt to be changed for t?ioUy and without that sense
of unpardonable vulgarity which would attach to the form if used in a
like manner in ordinary conversation.
[Tu^. Unemphatic, and frequently as close a contraction as [tu'].
The mistake is invariably made by listeners of supposing this form to
represent the objective case, and in the endeavour to render the dialect
approximately, local writers resort to a variety of means in order to
convey the sound indicated — one of the commonest in general conversa-
tion. On the jpart of others, whose object is to display force rather
than accuracy m renderings of dialect, the uncontracted form * thee ' is
often written. It need only be said, that this form is never heard in the
dialect in the nominative case.
Dhuw], Unemphatic.
[Dhu]. Occasional.
Yu]. Unemphatic.
Yuw], Unemphatic.
Thine rphaa-n, dhuyn(ref.)].
Thy [Dhaa-, dhi, dhuy Your ^ [Yoa-F, yao'h' (m. t.
(ref.)l f ref.), yiu"].
Poss.-^ Your [Yoa'n, yaowh' (ref.), Yours ( [Yoa*h'z,yaowh'z,yao*h'z
yao'h' (market-town ) (m. t. ref.), yao'z].
ref.), yur* (the same)].
^ Yours [Yoa'nz, yaowhz,
yao'h'z (market-town
ref.), yao'z],
rohi]. Unemphatic.
fYur*] (sing, and plur.). Unemphatic.
It must be noted that, in familiar intercourse, and in all conversa-
tion with inferiors, or equals, the second person of the possessive case
is usually denoted by thy and thine, in both the singular and plural.
Your and yours are relegated to refined speech.
[Yao'zJ (sing, and pTur.). Occasional.
( Thee [Dhey, dhoo*, dhu, tu,
Obj. < dhee*, dhaow* (ref.)]. / % rv««. ^, «^. .^««,.
(You nrey. 'jn, yee-.Ww' Tou ^.^ •t^tJT ' ^^
(market -town ref.), ^ ' \ • • '/J*
yuw (the same)].
[Dhee'l. Infrequent Of the six forms here noted, four ([dhoo%
dhaow, dhu, tu]) are resolvable into nominatives, being variahons of
t?iou. The right of the last two to be thus considered is made clear by
a comparison of analogous forms. Neitiier [dhu] nor [tu] are employed
em pha tically.
[Yu] (sing, and plural). Unemphatic.
Nom. He [Ey, ee-, i] They [Dho-h*, dhu].
[I] Unemphatic.
The obioctives him and Tier are often employed nominatively. Pos-
sibly this habit is a mere result of confusion, since these forms are never
employed before a verb in the present or past, though frequently pre-
ceding participles, interrogatively. * Him bown ? ' [:I*m boo*n r], Ho
going ? For tne plural tJiey, * them ' is employed.
PRONOUNS. XXV
Poss. Hifl [Ee-z, iz-] Theks j I [SBz]^''"'
[Dhu]. Unemphatic. In the case of this form, and corresponding
ones, r is added when a following word begins with a yowel.
Obj. Him [Eym, im*] Them [Dhim*, dhem% urn*]
[Um]( = *em). Unemphatic, by rule, but in some slight nse other-
wise. * whether it's um or them there's no counting' [Wid'm'r its*
-nm* u *dhim* dhuz* ne*h' koon'tin], whether it is they or them there is
no way of accounting, or knowing.
Norn. She [Shu, shao, shih'-, They [Dhe'h', dhu]
shey (ref.)]
T>^ ( Her [Aor-, u] Their [Dhe'h', dhu]
^^^ I Hers [Aoz-] Theirs [Dhe-h'z]
Obj. Her [Aor*, u] Them [Dhim*, dhem*, um*]
Nom. It [It-] They [Dhe-h', dhu]
Obj. It [It*] Them [Dhim*, dhem*, um']
[Its*]. The possessiye asn *8 is only employed at such times when
it would be impossible to make sense without it.
The relatiyes who and which are frequently superseded by a contrac-
tion of that [ut*], a form much used, too, legitimately. The w in who
(whether a simple or compound word) is not heard to any extent in
refined dialect, [ac] being the more favoured form. For which, * whilk'
[wilk*] is much employed interrogatively by old people.
Why [waa*] is very rarely heard, the common equivalent being
' what for * [waat* fur*].
Belative compounds take ' some* between the words, or undergo other
changes, as in * whomsomever ' [w:eh'msuoniiv*u], whoever (also whoto^
every and whomsoever), * whosomever * [w:eh*- (and) wrih'suomivu], who^
soever, * whichsomever ' [wichsuomivu], whichever, * whatsomever ' (and
with added «) [waatsuomivu], whatever. Also, in the case of the adverb
however, * howsomever,' * howsomevers ' [oo"suomivuz].
Personal compoiinds have a treatment which may be exampled in —
Myself [mis:ei, mis'.e'n].
Thyself [dhis:e'l, dhis:e*n], the first vowel in each case changing to
[aa*j under stress.
One's-self [yaanzs:e*l, yaanzs:e*n].
Himself [izsie*!, izs:e*n].
Themselves [dhusre'lz, ahus:e'nz].
For the demonstrative those, * them ' [dhim*] is employed.
The indefinite pronouns are, as a class, marked by peculiar pronun-
ciations, as seen in —
other, [uod*nir], forming [tid'nir] with the de£ art preceding.
any, [uoni] ;
none, [ni'h'n] ;
all, [yaal*] ;
one another, [yaan* imid'*iir], but as frequently with an increased
idiom [yaan* tid'*ur] ;
XXVI PRONOUNS — VERBS.
such, [saa'k] ;
* f one* rte'n*n, ti'h'n, taoii (ref.), a contraction of the one. * Tane
truppd tither' [Te'h'n t'ruop* tid*'ur], the one tripped up the
other. * V ane * is often contracted to * ta ' [te*], acquiring [h*]
before a consonant.
With the second person singular, most verbs, including the auxiliary,
coalesce, and in this form are a marked feature of conversation, as in-
terrogative forms. *Wilt-thou,' [wil'-tu]; 'mtm-thou' (must-thou),
muoniiu]; * does-thou,' [diz'-tu]; 'munut-thou' (must you not),
'muonnit-tu] ; * sanut-thou * (shall you not), [saanmt-tuj ; * loves-thou,'
luovz'-tu] ; * hears-thou,' [i*h*z-tu] ; * shiiRs-thou * (shift you), [shifs*-
VEEBS.
Yerbs following substantives plural in tne nominative case acquire «.
* The most of them learns nought' [T me'h'st on* tmi* li*h'nz n:ao*wt].
Yerbs following a pronoiin singular have usually also a added. In
auxiliaries,
the verbs of this class do not.
The following illustrations example the treatment, in the dialect, of
an Active Yerb which, according to ordinary usage^ is conjugated,
according to the ' weak ' form.
TO LOVE.
INDIOATIYE MOOD.
PBE8ENT TENSE.
Singular, Plural,
"Aa* luovz*]
■■W-VV «
[Dhoo* luovz'] [Yey luovj
|Ey luovz']
Wey luov J
Dhe-h'
Dhi-h'
I luov*]
When employed unemphatically, the pronouns have changed quanti-
tiee, in each case, and ma^ be thus rendered, in order : [^, dhuo, I,
wu, yee, dhu]. The stress is with the verb, the vowel of wnich becomes
long.
Us [uoz*] is also frequently employed incidentally, or in a faTniliftr
strain of speech, in the first person smgular and plural in the several
tenses of the indicative mood.
nCPEBFECT TENSE.
Singular, Plural,
"Aa* luovd*] [Wey luovdj
Dhoo' luovd'] *Yey luovd'J
Ey luovd*]
Dhe-h' ) , ,.T
[Dhi-h' \ ^^^^^3
^ Compare the rerbs which in Damsh and Swedish are called * deponent ; ' e.g,
Dan. jeg bluet, I blush ; Swed. Jag gla^as, I rejoice ;— the t being here not the
ordinary inflectional suMx, bat short for sik or sig^ oneself. — W. W. S.
VERBS.
XXVll
PEEFEOT TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa'v luovd*]
[Dhocz luovd*]
[Eyz luovd*]
Plural,
"Weyv luovd*]
'Yey*v luovd*]
'Dhe-liV )
yhi'h'y \ luovd*]
In each case where the (contracted) auxiliary verb is expressed,
expression is optional. Most speakers have a habit of omitting it, and
it may be said that, in practice, the perfect and imperfect tenses are
identicaL
PLITFEBFEOT TENSE.
Singular.
rAa*d luovd']
rDhoo'dzt luovd*]
[Eyd luovd*]
Plural,
''eyd luovd^
!'eyd luovd*"
^Dhe-h'd
>hi*h'd i , , T
[Dhimd* {or) ( ^^^^^'l
'Dhim*ud
FIRST FXTTUBE TENSE.
Singular.
[Aa* saal*] or [wil* luov*]
[Dhoo* saal*] or [wil* luov*]
[Ey saal'] or [wil* luov]
Plural.
"Weyst] or rwey*l luov]
'YeystJ or [yeyl luov]
'Dhe*h'8t ^
Dhe*h'su'l
;Dhe*h'l J-luov]
'Dhim*sul
"Dhim-ul
The [st] and [sul] of the plural are really interchangeable forms of
the auxiliary, but the order coincides with their customary degree of
usage in speech. [Ck>rresponding to the Mid. £ng. mid and «a2. —
W. W. S.]
SECOND FXTTUBB TENSE.
Singular,
Dhoo*l e luovd*]
'Ey*l e luovd*]
Plural,
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular, Plural,
pit* mey luov] [Lif uoz* luov]
mhoo* luov*] or [Luov dhoo*] [Yey luov'l or [Luov yey]
tLif im- luov] fSd^-Sl---]
When deprived of stress, the pronoun of the second person singular
coalesces wim the verb [Luovstu]. The corresponding forms in the im-
perative mood of stxong verbs also conform to this rule.
xxvm
VERBS.
POTENTIAL MOOD.
PBESENT TENSE.
Singular,
[Dhoo- 1 J^?j^J I or [kaaa-luor]
Plural.
Of the vowels [e'h'] and [i'li*], the first is the characteristicproimn-
ciation ; the last being more general northward. Man;^ Mid-Yorkshire
peo^e, howeyer, allow the last vowel ^reat jjreponderation in their talk.
,^ ^ the stress^being shared by the auxiliary in the tense last exampled.
IMFEaFECT TENSE.
Flural
[Wey mnod', kuod*, waad',] or
[auod* luov]
[Yey muod% kuod', waad',] or
fsuod' luov'l
EDne'h' ) muod', kuod', waad*,] or
Dhim' J [suod* luov]
S%ng%Uar.
[Aa' muod', kuod', waad*,] or [suod'
luov]
[Dhoo' muodst*, kuodst', waadst',]
or [suodst' luov]
[Ey muod', kuod', waad*,] or [suod'
luov]
Many old people are in the habit of employing t^'], sometunes lon^,
but usually snoit, for the vowel in should. The exampled one [uo] is
general to the county, and is heard, too, when the construction of the
verb is altered, as in the south-west, where the retention of the liquid
[suold*] is a peculiarity.
* Mought [maowt], for mighty is also heard, at times, in the second
and third persons sing^ar and pluraL
The above remarks have an equal application te the corresponding
forms in the pluperfect tense.
PEBFEGT TENSE.
Singular,
mv— J me-h'z] ) at [kaanz* e
l^'*"^|mih'z]| luoVd-]
Plural.
[Wey- j ^£] i ««■- P?«^-
me'h'z] ) or [kaanz*
mi'h'zj ) luovd']
[Teyj
[Dhi-h» me'h'zl I
r-nv . $ me*hz]
6
6
or [kaanz'
luovd']
e
VERBS. XXIX
The pronotuis of the third person singular and the first and seoond
persons pliiral have fee] for their most usual Towel, and the exampled
one is but introducea to presenre a desirable uniformity whereyer pos-
sible. In this tense, as also in the present tense of the verb, the yowel
of the auxiliary only becomes [o'hH and [i*h'] when marked by stress or
emphasis. At other times, it is [uj.
PLUFEBFEGT TENSE.
Singular, Plural,
[Aa' mnod*, kuod*, waad%] or [suod* [Wey muod', kuod', waad* J or
e luovd'] [suod* e luovd']
[Dhoo* muodst', kuodst*, waadst*,] [xey muod*, kuod*, waad*,] or
or [suodst* e luovd*] [suod* e luovd']
[By muod*, kuod*, waad*,] or [suod* p)he*h' ) muod*, kuod*, waad',]
e luoyd'] [Dhim* ) or [suod* e luoyd*]
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
FBESEKT TENSE.
Singular, Plural,
Pf Aa* luoyz*] pf* wey* luoy*]
[If* dhoo* luoyz*] [If* yey* luoyj
(dhe-h'K T
[K* ey* luoyz*] [If \ dhi'W \ "^^^'^
( dhim* luoyz*]
'An ' [un*, aan*] is a form of conjxmction much in use, but is not
employed when the stress lies on the following word. 'Qif' [gif *J is
also used, under the same condition, but is rarely heard as an initial
Ifozdf in which position * an ' is at all times readily placed.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Pretmt, Perfect.
[Ti*h' luoy*] [Tuy* e* luoyd*]
The rendering of the present of to ([ti*h*]) is as when marked by
stress, or emphams. When the stress or emphasiB is with the yerb alone
£tu] is the pronunciation.
Present, Perfect, Compound Petfect.
[Luoyin] [Luoyu'n] TByin lnoy*u'n]
[Luoyd*] [Ey*in luoyd*]
EXAMPLE OF THE TBEATMSirr OF A STBONG YEBB.
TO WRITE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
FBESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa* raa-ts] ^^7' ™**Q
[Yey* raa*tj
[Dhoo* raa*ts]
VERBS.
Singular. Plural,
[Ey- raa-ta]
K'i~fl
In fhe refined phase, the verb is [reyis], in the seyeral persons, in
hoQi the singular and ploraL
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
[Aa- re-h't] [Wey reh't]
rohoo- re-ht] [Yey re-htj
tEy-re-h't] fe'jre-h't]
There is an equal interchange of [i'h'] with the yowel of the verb.
In the refined phase, the verb, in both singular and plural, is [rao't].
IMPERATIVE.
[Eaa-t]
IKFINITIVE.
pn-h' raa-tl
iVtftm^ Participle, Perfect Participle.
[Eaa-tin] [Eit-u'n]
[Buotm'n] is an occasional form of the perfect participle.
The conjugation of the strong; yerbs is associated with a varied
change of vowel, and of participial endings. To deal witJi these satis-
factorily, they must be dealt with singly. The following list of verbs,
comprising all, or nearly all, the simple ones that are strong in received
speech, have their manner of conjugation in the dialect uiown. The
cnief of the common defective verbs, and several chsuracteristic weak
yerbs, are also included ; together with several words peculiar to the
dialect, being either equivalents, or of use in showing the assimilative
character of such forms. The list has not been encumbered with these
last words, which, to assist the eye, are given in small capitfds.^
Where pronunciations are more than one, they are severally placed
in the order of their habitual nse, though in many cases a form has not
been placed without hesitation ; one being almost if not equally as
much used as another.
When N. follows a verb, it is meant that the pronunciation given is
peculiar to Lower Nidderdale. All else are Mid-Yorkshire pronunciations.
The abbreviation ref, will be understood as referring to the peasants'
refined phase of dialect
1 ThiB list should be compared with that in Dr Morris's Historical Outlines ot
English Accidence, pp. 287 — 313. It is hardly necessary to obeenre that a large
n amber of the forms here treated as dialectal are actually found in Early English
MSS. For example, six references are giren in Grein's A.S. Dictionary topas-
sages in which hrungen occurs as the past participle of brittgan^ to bring. — xT, W. S.
s
VERBS.
Verb {pres.).
Abide
Diaieetform,
[Baa-d]
Pott Tfiue.
JPinf, Fart.
[BeV-d] [BaodVn]
[Baod-] 'Bid-u'n]
rBaadl [BuodVn;!
The [ao] also gives place to [o], in both the past and the participle
Am [Iz-] [Waa-r]
[Iz*] re/ [Waaz-] ref.
[Waak-u'n] [Waak-u'n] [Waak-n'nd]
peasants' refl takes [e*n'] for the first yowel in the yarious pari
•ket-town ref, fai'l.
"Been-]
[Bin-]
|Beyn'] ref.
Awake
The
the mar
Bear (to bring [Brh'r]
forth; to carry)
Beat (to van- [Bi'h'r]
quish, or over-
come)
Begin [Bigin*]
Bend (weak)
Bereave
Beseech
[Bind-]
[Biri'hV]
[Bisi-h'ch]
[Be-h'r]
[Baa-rJN.
[Bet-]
"Bigaan-l
[Biguon-J
'Bigiwn-J N.
[Bint-]
[Biri-hVd]
[Bisaowt-]
[Bisih*-cht]
"Buo-h'n]
•Bao-h'n]
;B:i-h'd] (coca-
sional).
[Bet-n'n]
[Bih'-tu*n]
"Biguon*]
"Bigih'-nl
"Bigiwn-J N.
[Bin-did]
[Binf]
[Birivu'n]
[Biri-h'vui]
"Bisaowtm'n]
TBisaowt-]
"Bisi-h'chtl
SJiseych] r«/. [Biseycht-] re/. |Biseycht*1 re/
e present. Some employ LbiseykJ, but this form,
though not res&icted to refined speech, is looked upon as belonging to it.
Bid [Bid-] [Baadj] ff^^'^^l
[Big-u'n]
[Baad-]
[Bod-]
Bio (to build) [Big-]
[Bind-]
Bind
Bite
Bleed
[Baa-t]
[BU-h'd]
[Bigd-]
[Buon-J
[Baan-J
[Be-h't]
"BUd-]
"Bled-l
'Blaad-]
In N. the substantive has a vowel-change [bliwd*].
Bless (weak) [Blis-] [Blist*]
Blow [Blao-] [BHw-]
[Blew-]
[BU-h']
[Buon-]
[Bit-u'n]
■Bled-]
■Bledu'n"
"BHd-u'n"
;Blih'-dic
[Blist-]
;Bles-u'n]
[Blao-h'n]
xxxu
VERBS.
Viri (fim.). JHdUetfirm. Ftui Tmte. Terf, Part.
In the present of the verb, [h'] is added in pause, and, by rule, before
a consonant. In the past, the last form is, too, only employed before a
consonant.
Break [Brek*] [Braak*]
[Brik-] [Brok-]
Breed [Brih'-d] [Brid'l [Bridm'n]
[Bred-] JBredni'n]
In N. the substantive is subject to a vowel-change [briwd].
[Brok-u'n]
Bring
Btiild (weak)
Bum(ii'eaA;)
[Bring-]
[BUd-]
[Baon*]
fBraowt']
rBraang-l
[Bruong'J
[Belt-]
[Buont-J
pBaont-J
In the present, [o] is frequently the vowel.
Burst
Buy (weak)
Oan
Oast
Catch (toeoA;)
fBost-]
[Bruost-]
[Baa-]
[B:aa-y]
[Kaan-]
HKest-]
[Kist-]
[Kaach-]
"Braast-]
"Best-]
TBruost-]
[Baowt]
[Kuod-]
[Kiwd] N.
[Kest-]
[Braowt-]
rBruong-J
[Bruong-u'n]
[Belt-]
[Baont-]
rBuont-J
[BaondJ
jBruoe-u'n]
[Bos-u'n]
'Buos*u*n]
]Braas*u'n]
[Baowt]
[Kuod-]
[Kiwd-] N.
[Kes-u'n]
[Kis-u'n]
rKaowt-] [Kaowt-]
[Kaacht^ [Kaacht-J
Not used in the sense of receiving anything thrown. See Kep.
Chide rChaa-d] [Che'h'd] [Chid-u^nJ
Yery seldom used in the present ; there beine several words ui the
dialect which approach to the meaning of this verb.
Choose
[Chi-h'z]
[Chiwz-] N.
Clao (u^eoA^— to [Tlaag-]
adhere)
aeave (to spUt) [TU-h'v]
For cleave, to adhere, see Clao.
Click (uw*— to [Tlik-]
dutch)
Cum (to climb) [Tlim-]
[Tleym-] rtf.
[Che-h'z]
[Chi-h'z]
[Chiwzd-] N.
[Chiwz-] N.
raaagd-]
[Tlaag-]
[Tle-hV]
[Tlikt-]
Tlaam-]
Tlom]
Tluom-]
Tleymd] re/.
Chih'zu'n]
'Chuozni'nJ
[Choz-u'n]
[Chiwz-u'n] N.
rriaagd-] •
[Tlaag-u'n]
[Tlovu'n]
[Tluov-u'n]
[Tlik-u'n]
[Tlikt-]
pnom-]
[Tluom-]
[Tleymd] ref.
VERBS.
XXXlll
Virb (pr#».). Dialect form. Fast Tenu, Per/, Part,
[aa*] interclianges witli the vowel in [tlim*], but [i] is most charac-
teristic.
Cling [Tling-] [Tlaang*] [Tluong*]
Clothe [Tle-h'dh] FTle-h'dhd] muodh'u'n]
friaad-] [Tlaad-]
TUh»dhd]
Come
piuom*]
[Kuomd*]
[Kaam*]
[Kom-]
The present of the yerb has very often a long yowel, as is frequently
tihe case with the participle.
Cost [Kost-] piost-] pios-u'n]
'Kaoh'^st]
"Kos"]
[Kuost'l [Kuost'l pSiuosm'n]
The last form is constantly used by some old people.
Crow [Krao] [Kriw] fKrao-h'n]
In the present, there is the usual final element [hj before a con-
sonant.
Creep
[Krih'-p]
^1'^
■Kjep*u'nJ
[Kripm'nt
KruopniTi]
iKropni'n]
Curse [Kaors-l [Kaost*] [Kaosni'n]
[Kuors-J [Kuost-J fKaost-]
In the present, the r is often distinctly trilled. At other times, there
is no trace of the letter, even in emphasis.
Cut [Knot-] [Knot-]
Dare (to ven- [Daa'r] [post*]
ture) Daa'stl
[Duost'J
Some old people employ [dili'*st] in the past.
Dare {weak — to [Daa'r] [Daa*d]
challenge)
The r of the participle is often lost [daan], and that of {he verb,
though heard more frequently, is yet only a permisaible letter.
[Kuotm'n]
[Daa-d]
[Daa'ru'n]
[Daa'ni'n]
[Daa-d]
of th(
Deal (u^eoA;)
Dig
Do
[Di-h'l]
[Dig-]
[Di-hn
[Diw] N.
[Di-hld]
[Pilt-]
[Daag-]
[Duog-J
[Did-]
[Di-hld]
Dilt-]
"Di-hlu'n]
[Duog-]
[Duog-u'
'n]
[Di-h'n
fDi'
rh'n]
wn-J N.
Do, like other words, only acquires its final element m pause, or be-
fore a consonant It is through excess of usage in these positions that
[h*] is instinctively added to tms and other simple verbs.
Draw [rPrao-hT [lyriw] [Drao-h'n]
Dread (tiwaJk) [D'rid-] [D^did] [D'rid-u'n]
[D'raad-J
XXXIV
VERBS.
Vtrb (jfret.). Dialect firm. Fast Tmte, Ferf, Fori.
pyri-li'd] (pree.), pyri'h'did] (paat), [Dri'li'du'n] (part.) are alBO
heard, but are not characteristic.
Drees (weak) [lyris*]
[D'rist-]
Diink
Driye
pyringk]
[D'reyngk-] re/.
pyraaT]
[D'rist-]
[D'ris-u'n]
D'raangk'l TO'ruokm'n]
'D'ruongkJ ) ^TO'ruong'ku'n]
l)*raongk-J J ^•'•[D'raong-ku'nJ
Dwell (weak) [Dwil']
Yery rarely used in conversation.
Eat
FaU
Feed (ti^eoA;)
Feel (weak)
Fight
Find
[Yi-ht]
[Fao-hll
[Fno-hlJ
[Feed-r
[Fih'-d]
[Teyd-];re/.
[Feel-]
[F:ae-yt]
[Find-]
[Fin-]
[Faa-nd] re/.
[D're-hV]
lyrov]
'D'niov]
[Driwv-J N
[Dwilt-]
[Te-h't]
"Yaat-f
Tet-J
:Yit-I
[Fel-]
[Fil-J
[Fed-]
Tyrov-u'n]
[D'ruovu'n]
[B'rivu'n]
|Driwv-u'n] N.
[DwHt-]
[Yit-u'n]
[Yet-u'n]
[Filf]
[Faowt-]
[Feh'-t]
Taand-]
*Faan-l
"Fuon-
'Foo-n
Strictly, these are not to be regarded as
[Fao-hlu'n
[Fuo-hlu'n
Tid-]
"Fed-]
"Fid-u'nl
'Fed-u'nJ
[Felt-]
rPot-u'n]
[Faowt-u*n]
[Fuon-]
[Fuond-]
re/. [Foo-nd] re/
refined forms, but as less
used common ones ; the recognised refined ones being
[Feynd.] (p««.) ^uwnd-] | (^^ ^u^d-] | ^^^
The past and the part, have a yet more refinecl character in [faownd']
Flee [Flee-]
Flio (weak— to [Flig-]
fledge)
Fltte (to scold) [Flaa-t]
Fling
[Fling-]
Flit (to change [Flit*]
habitation)
[Muot-] is occasionally heard in the present, but is not an estabfished
form in conyersation.
[FUd-]
[Fligd-]
me-h't]
[Flaowt-]
[Flaang-]
[Fluong-j
mit-id]
[Fluot-'
[FHd-u'n]
[Fligd-]
"Flaowt-]
"Flaowt-uW
;FHt-u'n]
[Fluong-]
rriit-u'n]
[Fluot-u'nl
VERBS.
XXXV
Vtrb (pret.).
Fly
Past Tense,
[PHw]
Dialect firm,
[Flaa-]
[Flee-]
[Flih'O
The last form of the present is very casual.
Forsake [Fusi-hlc] [Fusi-h'k]
[Fuse-hlL] rFusaak-j
[Fusiwk'J
The Towel of the prefix interchanges with [ao].
Per/. Part,
[Flaown*]
[Flih'-n]
"FTisaak'u*n]
'Fusi'hlLt]
pPuse-h'ku'nJr/.
iFusiwk'u'njN.
^ruoz'u'n]
jFroz'u'n]
"^ "i''zu'n]
[Git-u'n]
[Get-u'nJ re/.
[GQ-did]
rOil-du'n]
' Qold ' [Gkiold*] is also used in the same sense, with [gool'did J as the
past, and [good'u'n] as the participle.
Gird [Gurt-l [Gur-did]
[Guord-] [Guort-]
Freeze
Get
QM{weaJc)
[Fri-h'z]
[Free'zJ
[Git-]
[Gilf]
[Fre-h'z]
[Fraaz*]
[Gaaf]
[Gil-did]
Give
[Gr]
[GhiT'dun]
[Guor'dun]
[Gu'tu'n]
[Gi-n]
[Gin-1
[Gih'-n]
[GFaav]
[Gi-hv1 re/.
[Ge-h'v] re/
In the present, the yowel is often long even when employed con-
nectedly in speech, but when this is the case a consonant follows. The
use of the yowel in extreme length or shortness in the participle is
remarkable in conversation.
Gt> [Gaan^g-]
Gaan*
Ge-h*'
G:iV
In the past [ge'h'cn and [g:i'h'd] are of very casual occurrence. They
are hazdly recognisedC The present participle is singularly vaxied in
pronunciation [gaa-in (and) gaayn].
Grave [Gri-h'v]
[Gaang'd]
[Gaand']
[Wint-]
[Ge-h'n]
[G:i-h'n]
[Gxi-h'vu'n]
Gkbbt (to weep) [Greet*]
[Gre-hVl
[Gri-h'vd]
Graat-]
[Greh't]
'Gruot'1
[Gret-]
The two last forms of the past are much less employed than the two first.
Ghind [Gruond*]
[Grifu'n]
[GruotTii]
Grip
Grow
[Graa*ndJ
[Grip-]
[Graow]
[Gri-hj
[Graoh'] re/
tGroond*]
Gruond'J
[Graap*]
Gruop-J
[Griw]
[Graew]
tGruon'l
Gruon-oid]
[Gripm'n]
'Gruop-uli]
iGraapt"]
"Graown*]
[Grih'-n]
[Graoh'-n] r^.
i
xxxn
VERBS.
Verb (prw.). DimUet form.
Hang (to eze- [Aang*]
cute)
Hang ^nsed of [Ing*]
things)
Have
FiMt Tenm,
rUong-]
[Aangd-]
[Aang'l
Uong-l
Ptrf. Part.
Eongg
Buigd-]
[Uong-]
[Ey] [Ed-] [Ed-]
[Ae-] tAjad-] [[Aad-]
The use of the last paist and participial forms is distmctiye of rural
dialect.
Hear
Heave
Hew
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
[Yi-h'r]
[Yi-hV]
[Yiw]
[Aa-d]
[If]
[Aoh'-d]
[Od-]
[Aot-]
[Yih'd]
[Yi-h'vd]
[Yaew-]
[Aa-did]
[Idid]
[Aat-]
[Odid]
[Yi-h'n]
[Yi-h'dJ
rYi-h'Tu'n]
[Yi-hVd]
[Yiwn-]
[Yaewn*]
( [Aa-did]
( 'Aa-du'n]
Id-id]
Id-u'n]
[It-u'n]
[Od-u'n]
[Aoh'du'n]
[Aot-u'n]
[Aof]
fAotid]
Some speakers (old people) inyariaSly sulistitute [uo] for [ao].
Keep [Keep-] [Kept-]
Kep (to catch, [Kep-] [Kept-]
or reoeiye) PKip'] L^P**]
Kneel [Nae-l] [Ney-ld]
raee-1] 'Neeldt
fNilt-l
There is also a substitution of [ih'*J for the yowel.
Knit [Nif] [Nit-id]
[Net-] [Net-id]
The last yowel is nabitually heard among old people.
[Kept-]
[Kep-u*n]
[Kipt-]
[Nilt-]
'Neeld]
|Nee*lu*n]
[Nifu'n]
'et-u*nj
Know
[Nao-h']
Lade
Lay
[Niw-]
[Naew]
[Lo-h'did]
Xigd-]
Xi-Vdl
'Le-h*dJ re/,
(peasants')
[Lid-]
[Lift-]
[Lint-
fLent'
[Lend
Some people invariably employ the last form of the past.
Lead
Leave
Lend
[Le-h'd]
[Lig-]
[Li-h'd]
[Li-hV]
PLin-l
[Len-]
[Nc
[Nao-h'n]
[Le-h'du'n]
[Li-h'n]
[Le-h'nJ ref.
[Lid-u'n]
[Lift-]
pint-]
[Lent-J
VERBS.
ZXXVil
Virb (jWM.).
Let
Dialect form,
[Lit-]
pMt Tenae,
[Let-]
Firf Part,
[Litu'n]
Lie FLig-] [Ligd-] [Lig-u'n]
[Li'h'n] and [le'h'n] re/., are occasional participial forms.
Light [Leet'l [Let-]
[Laa-tJ re/. L^t'J
The last form of the past is not often heard.
Load
[LetTi'n
[Lit
m'n]
•u'n]
Lose
[Le-h'd]
[Los-]
lLuos-]
[Luoh*-z] re/.
Lowp (to leap) [Laowp*]
[Le-h'did]
[Luost-]
[Los-]
[Lep-]
[Lao^
[Leh'du'nd]
[Le-h'du'n]
Luost-]
|Lost-]
'Luoe*u*n]
iLosTi'n]
[Laowpt-]
Laowpt-J
[Le'h'p] in the present, [lip*] in the past, with [lipt-] as the partici-
ple, are casual forms, among old people.
Lowz (to loose)
Make
May
[Laowz*]
[Le-h'z]
[Li-h'z]
[Maak-]
[Laowzd-]
[Lieh'zd]
[L:i-h'zd]
[Mi-h'd]
[Me-h*d] re/.
[Laowzu'n]
[Leh'-zd]
[Lih'zd]
[Mi-h'd]
[Me-h'd] re/
[Muod-]
[Me-h'] [Muod-J ^ ^
[Maowt*! is also used in the past, hj individuals speakingthe dialect
broadly. Tne vowel in [muod] (past) is often heard long. When short,
and associated with an unemphatic deliverv, the mute becomes sharp,
but, in pause, not to the extent of a well-denned i.
Mean [Mi-h'n] [Mi-h'nd] [Mi-h'nd]
[Mi-yu*n] [Mi'-h'nt] [Mi-h'nt]
Meet
[Meet
[Moy-t;
[Met-] [Met-u'n]
re/ [Mit-] [Mifu'n]
[ih'-] is often heard for the vowel in the present among mannered old
people.
Mow [Mao-h'] [Miw] [Mao-h'n]
Must [Muon-] [Muod-] [Muod-]
In the past of this verb, too, the last letter has often the t sound.
See May. Li the present, as well as the past, the vowel is at times heard
long. In running, unemphatic conversation the [uo] is displaced by [u].
Pay [Pe-hQ Kf*^'^-? \^^'^'^\
The short vowel in the pt^> where its accompanying form is long,
is a singularity. But the form [pih'-d], beii^ more associated wiSi
quaint speech, and least heard, is, as indicated, got rid of quickly, in
many positions. The vowel [e] in the several forms is also sometimea
heard short.
Pen [Pin-] [Pind-] [Pind-]
Plead [PU-h'd] pUd-l [PHd-u'n]
i
XXXVIU
YSRBS.
Verb (prM.)*
Diaketform,
Prove
PriliV
[PnwvJ N.
Put
[Puot-l
[Pit-]
Quit
[Kwit]
Bead
[Bih'-d]
BED(touiiTaYel;
to unriddle)
HBed-;
[Bid-;
Bend
[Bind-]
Pott Tm»e.
[Pri-liVd]
[Priwvd-J N.
fPuot-l
[Paat-]
[Kwaaf]
[Kwuot-J
[Bid-]
[Bed]
[Bid-]
[Bint-1
Af/. Part.
[Pri-liVu'nl
[Priwvu'nJ N.
[Puot-u'n]
[Kwit-u'n]
[Kwuot*u*n]
[Bid-u'n]
[Eed-u'n]
[Bid-u'n]
[Bint-u'n]
A word that does not oelong to tne dialect, but may be heard at
chance times in refined speech. Bive and Tear are used in its stead.
See these verba
Bid [Bid-] [Bed-] [Bid-u'n]
Bide [Baa-d] [Be-h*d] [Bid-u'n]
[Buod'u'n] IB sometimes heard for the participle among old people.
Bing [Bingg-] [Baangg-] [Buongg-]
Bise [Baa-z] [Be-h'z] [Biz-u'n]
[Bi-h'z]
There is always a disposition among old people to sotmd [uo] for the
[i] in the participle. The habit is a pronotmced one on the pait of in-
diyiduals.
Biye
[Baa-v]
"Be-h'v] [Bovu'n]
iBi-hVl [Bivu'nt
LBuOV-U*!!]
The three participial forms are in strictly equal use. The verb is
much used, and in broad dialect takes the place of tear, as well as of
rend.
Bot
Bun
Saw
Say
See
g~ot-]
uot-]
[Buo-n]
[Bin-]
[Sao-h']
[Suo-h']
[Se-h*]
TEluotid]
'Buot-u'nd]
llaat-]
[Baan-]
[Siw]
[Sed-l
[Sid-J
See-d]
Sao-hn
|Seyd-Jre/.
[Buot-u'n]
[Bot-u'n]
[Buond-]
[Buon*]
[Sao-hy
[Suo-h*n]
[Se-h'n]
[Sed-]
tSee-n]
Sih'-n]
[BQjn'jrtf.
person, the y^b has a adcfed yery fro-
[See-]
rSi-h']
[Saey] ref.
After the pronoun of the
quently.
Seek [Seek-]
fSih'-k]
[Saeyk] re/.
Seethe [Sih'-dh] [;8ih'-dhd] J [Suodh-u'n]
Not much used, there bemg an eqmyalent in Sutheb. See.
[Saowt-]
[Saowt-]
VERBS.
XXXIX
V$rh (pr$9.),
SeU
Bend
IHuUtifwm,
[Sil-]
[Sel-l
Past Ihnse.
[sad-i
[Seld-]
Ferf. Fart.
[Seld-]
Sel-u'n]
[Sen-]
rSind-] [Sint-l rSinf]
[Send-] [Sent-] [Sent-]
In dialect speech, the mial cTb are naturally lost before a consonant.
Sew [Saow] [Siw] rSaownJ
[Saowdj
Set rSit-1 [Set-]
Shake
rsit-1
[Set-]
[Shaak-]
[Sit-u'n]
[Set-u'n]
[Shaak-u'n]
[Shaakt-]
Shaakt-]
"'Shiwk-T
[She-hX]
In this word [1h''] and [eh**] are accounted refined; the last most so.
Shall [Saal-]
[Suod-]
[Sih'-d]
Shape [Shaap-l [Shaant-]
The note on ' Shake' applies equally to this verb.
Shear
Shed
Shine
Shoe
Shoot
Show
Shred
Shrink
Shriye
Shut
Sing
Sink
Sit
[Shi-h'r]
[Shid-]
[Shaa-n]
[Shi-hT
[Shuot-]
Shaow]
'Shao'] re/,
;Shiw-] N.
[Shrid-]
[Shringk-]
[Shraa'y]
[Shuot-]
[Sing-]
[Singk-]
[Sit-]
[She-h'r]
[Shid-]
;She-h'n]
'Shuon-j
[Shaon-J
'Shuo-h n] re/.
[Shod-]
[Shuod-]
[Shih'-d]
[Shuot-]
[Shaowd-]
[SHwd-] N.
[Shred-]
[Shrid-J
[Shraangk*]
[Shre-hV]
[Shuot-]
[Saang-]
[Saangk-]
[Saaf]
[Suod-]
[Shaap*u*n]
Shao-h'n]
'Shi-h*n]
;Shi-h'ru'n]
[Shid-u'n]
[Shaa*nd]
rShod-u'n]
[Shuod-u'n]
[Shuot-u'n]
[Shaown-]
[Shiwn-] N.
[Shrid-u'n]
[Shrid-id]
tShruongk*]
Shruongk*u'n]
EShraa-vu*n]
Shraa-yd]
[Shuot-u'n]
[Suong-]
rSuongk-]
[Suongk-u'n]
[Sit-u'n]
xl
VERBS.
Verb (pret,).
Slay
Sleep
SUde
Sling
Slink
SUt
JHaUtiform,
[Slili'-]
rsiiii'T)]
[Sleyp-J r«/.
[Slaa*d]
[Sling-]
[Slingk-]
[Slet-]
Smit (to infect) [Smit*]
PMi Tmm.
[SUw]
rSlep-1
[SUpt-]
[Sle-li'd]
[Sled-]
[Slaang*]
rSlaangk-1
[Sluongk'J
[Slet-]
fSme-Vg
[Smaat-J
irtrj, Ijart,
[SU-k'n]
fsUp-u'n]
[Slep-u'nJ
[SUpt-]
[Sled-u'n]
[Sluong*]
fSluongk'u'n]
Sluongk-]
[Slet-u'n]
[Smit-u'n]
[Smit-idl
To SMITTLB [smit-ul] is also a verb with thelike meaning ; (Tsmit-uld]
p. t., and pezl part); but the form is more characteristLc of southern
dialect.
Smite [Sm:aa-t] [Smeh't] [Smit'u'n]
Not much used, nor is the yowel in the present ever long.
Snow [Snao-h*] [Sniw] [Snao'h'nl
In the present and participle, [i-h'J is employed occasionally oy old
people.
Sow ^ [Sao-h'] [Siw] [Sao-h'n]
It may again be repeated, that the final element in the present of
the verb is, in conversation, lost before a vowel ; and the only value of
the symbol in place here is to indicate its proportionate, accidental use.
Speak [Spi-hlL] [Spaak-] [Spok-u'n]
[Spe-h'kJ re/. [Spuok-u'n]
Speed [Spi-h'd] [Spid-] [Spid-u'n]
Speldeb (to [Spel-d*ur] [Spel'd'ud] [Spel-dHid]
spell)
SpeU IB also in use, ([spel'] pres., [speld-] p. t.» [spelt*] part perf.)
Spend [Spind] [Spint] FSpint']
[Spin-tu'n]
The yowel is in some interchange with [e]. For to eocpend, another
verb is usually employed. See Wasb.
SpiU
Spin
Spit
SpUt
Spread
[Spil-]
[Spin-]
[Spit-]
[Splet-]
[Spri-h'd]
[Spri-h'dh]
[Spild]
[Spaan-]
rSpaat-l
[Spuot'J (casual)
rSplet-]
[Splaat-]
[Spraad-]
'Spraod-1
'Spre-h'dh]
Spreh'd]
[Spa-u'n]
[Spilt-]
[Spuon-]
;Spit-u'n]
'Spaat-u^l
Spuot'u'njcas.)
iSplet-u'n]
[Spri-h'du'n]
[Spruod-u*n]
VERBS.
xU
Spring
Stand
Steal
Stick
Dialect form^
[Spring-]
[Staan-]
[Sti-hl]
[Stik-]
JPiut Tenae.
[Spraang*]
[Sti-h'd]
[Stiwd-] N.
[Ste-hl]
[Staak*]
[Staang*]
Sting [Sting']
[staang*]
Also without initial « in tne present and past of the verb.
iVr/. Part,
[Spruong*]
Sti-h'du'n]
"Stuod'u'nJ rf/.
;StiwdTi'n-] N.
[Staown]
Stuok'u'n]
Stuok']
;Stik-u'n] ref.
[Stuong-]
Stink
Strew
Stride
[Stingk-]
[Sfri-hn
[Sfre-h']
[Sfraa-d]
[Staangk*]
[Sfre-h'd]
[St*ri-h'd]
The past forms of the verb are in equal use.
Strike
String
Strive
[Sfraa-k]
[Sfraayk]
[Storing-]
[Sfraa-v]
Sfre-h'k]
St'ri-h'kl
SVraak-T
;Sf riwk-] N.
[Sfraang*]
[Sfre-hV]
fStuongkni'n]
Stuongk*]
[Sfrri-h'n]
[Sf riwn-] N.
Sfridni'n]
'Sfruod-u^n]
;8t'rod-u'n]
[St'ruok-u'n]
[St'ri-hV
[St'riwv-;
N.
[St*ruong*]
[St'niovu'n]
[Sfrovu'n]
[Sf riwv-u'n] N.
fSt*roy*1 is also in some use in the past, as is [st^ruov], to a less ex-
, but tnis latter form is accounted refined.
Suit (to please; FSihHl
to satii^; to [Siw*tJ
fit, or adapt
for)
SXTTHEB
seethe)
Swear
Sweat
(to [Suod'Tir]
[Swi-h']
[SwaaT] N.
[Swi-h't]
[S:i-h'tid]
[S:i-wtidJ
[Suodh'-ud]
[Swe-h'r]
[Swu-r] (ref.)
[Swaa-r] N.
[Swaat-]
[Swuot*]
[S:i-h'tid]
[S:i-h'tu'n]
[Siwt-u'n]N.
[Suodh'-run]
[Suodh'-ud]
[Swao'h'n]
rSwu-n] {ref.)
[Swu*ru*nJ
(more ref.)
[Swaa'n] N.
SwaaTu'n] N,
[Sw:i-h*tu*n]
[Switni'n]
[Swet'u'nJ
|Swuot*u'n]
i
xlii
VERBS.
Verb ipns.).
Sweep
Diukei form.
t Sweep']
SwihSj
[Swnom*]
[Swuong*]
[Te-li'n]
[Td-h'nl
Past Tente, Ftrf, Fnrf.
^SwepO rSwep']
'Swip-J [Swepm'n]
TSwaap'] (casual)
The last participle is an occasional fonn.
SweU [Swel-] [Sweld-] [Sweld]
'SwelTm]
;Swaolii^]
[Swuo'lilun] rf.
With some speakers, there is a constant inclination to make the
Yowel [i] in the past
Swim [Swim*] [Swaam']
[Swom*]
Swing [Swing-] [Swaang*]
Take [Taak-] [Te-hlt]
rTii-hTt]
[Tiwk]N.
When [eh'] and [ih*] are in interchange, there is a constant want of
correspondence in the quantity of the vowels. While [eh'] is inyariablv
sounded long, the tendency is to make [ih*] a medial, or a short vowel.
When old people wish to employ as renned a pronunciation as is possi-
ble to them, with their ingramed habit of speech, they have recourse to
[ti'h*k] in the present. Under the same circumstanoes, younger people
emplov [to'h'kj. The verb is conjugated with « added in the first and
second persons sing., present tense, [Aa* taaks*, Dhoo* taaks*], &c.
Teach (M^eoA;) [Ti'h'ch] [Taowt*] [Taowt*]
Tear [Ti-h'r] [Te-h'r] [Tao-h'n]
[Tao-h'r] ref. [Tu-rJ re/. [TuTi] re/.
In the pros, refined, the vowel is often without the final element. In
common speech there is in the participle a distinct interchange of the
vowel with [uo*].
Tell (weak) [TU-] [Tild-]
Thaw [Thaow] [Thaowd*]
Think
[Thingk]
[Tliuongk-] ^ w - .
The last form is less employed participially than in the past, in
which tense it is of constant occurrence.
[Tild-]
"Thaown'l
iThaowd-J
Thaowt-]
Thuongk']
Thrash (u;eaJ(;)
Thresh-]
Thrish-J
'Thraash']
[^resht-]
[Thrisht-J
[Thresht-]
In the participle, [ij is sometimes the vowel, but the very usual one
is [e]. Southward, this is the vowel in all the parts ; [aa] being charac-
teristic of northern dialect
Thread [Thri'h'd]
[Thrid-] re/.
Thrive
[Thraa-v]
[ThridJ re/
Thre-hV]
'Throv]
'Thriwv'] N.
Thred]
Thri-h'did]
;Thrid-u'n] re/.
Thrivu'n]
'Throvu'nJ
Thruovu'n]
Individual old people persist in employing [thraav] in the past, with
N
VERBS.
xliii
an occasioiial nse of [thTaay*u'n] as the participle. Locally, this habit
is regarded as an eccentricity.
Vtrb (jtret.).
Throw
Dialect form,
[Thrao-]
Fatt Tefw.
rrhriw]
rThraew]
[Thrao*] acquires the usual [h*] before a consonant.
[Thraast-]
Thrust
Toss
Tread
[Thruost*]
[T'ruost-]
[Tuos]
[T'ri-h'd]
trrid-] re/.
[Tuost-]
[Tre-h'd]
Traad]
"rrid-idl ref.
1 ^.-utA-} :/^.
Per/. Fart.
[Thrao-h'n]
[Thruos-u'n]
[Tuost-]
LTuos-irn]
[rrod-u'n]
[T'ruod-u'n]
[Trid-u'n]
There are other refined forma [T ruo'h'd] is employed in the past
a refined form by both old and voun^ among the peasantry ; and
ployed in the past in tne refined dialect cbaractenstic of
grao'd] is em^
e market-towns.
Treat
[Tri-h't]
Trit-l [Trit-u'nl
T*ret] Tretu'n]
^'reh't] (casual) "T'rd'hWn]
Tri-htid] Trii-h'tid]
[T'ret-]
These various forms are all employed conversationally.
Twine
Wabb (to ex-
pend)
Wash (iveak)
[Twaan]
[We-h'r]
[Waa-r] N.
[TwaaTid]
[Twuon*]
[Twaan*]
[We-h'd]
[Waa-d] N.
[Weshf]
[Waesht-] re/.
[Waakst-]
FTwaa-nd]
pTwuon*]
rWe-h'd]
■We'h'nfn]
"Waa-d] N.
yaa-ru'n] N.
[Wesht-l
[Waeshf] re/
[Waakst-]
[Wesh-]
[Waesh-] re/
Wax (r. a. ti?«»A;) [Waaks*]
In a neuter sense, the participle may also l>e formecL by the^ usual
addition of en to the verb [waaks'u*n].
Wear [Wi'h'r] [We-h*r] [Wao-h'n]
[Waa-rJN. fWaa-n] N.
There is also a distinct interchange of [uo*] with [ao*J in the partici-
ple, and, in charactered speech, the former vowel is invariably alone
neard in such words as the one exampled.
Weave [Wi-h*v] [We-hV]
[Wuo-hV] re/
Weep [Wep-]
This is the usual form of the past of this verb,
equivalent in * roar * [ruo'h'r].
Wet [Weet-] [Weet-id]
[Wit-] [Wit-id]
[Wef] [Wet-ic[]
Wuovu'n]
'Wovu'n]
Wevu'nJ (cas.)
Wuoh'vu'n]r/.
Weep has its dialect
[Wet-u'n]
[Wit-u'nt
[Weet-u'n]
xliv
VERBS.
The fonnfl are in the order of their oomiiioneBt hbql [Waat'], in the
past, is also oocamonally heard.
Verb {pnt.),
Will(i£waif)
The Terb Ib alao
Wm
Wind
IHultetfinm. Fut Ti
;•] rWaad]
'aeyl'] ref.
refined in [weyp].
[Waad-]
[Wuon-]
"Wuon-]
. "Windidl
;Woond-J re/
[Wiaht-]
[Weyaht-] rtf.
Certain individnala, amongst the most old-fiiahioned in mannerSy
Wish (u^eoA;)
[Win-]
[Wind]
[Win-]
[Waa-nd] re/.
[Wish]
[Weysh-] re/.
rWaan-l
[Waand]
"Wuon-l
"Waan-J
"WindidJ
;Woondj re/.
[Wiaht-]
[Weysht-] re/
person smgolar of the present
inaheB ' [Aa* wiah-iz]. The yowel o£ the pronoun may also be short
Work (weak)
[Waak]
[Waork-] re/
[Baowt*]
[Eaowt-]
(wrought)
WaaktJ rWaa-kt]
>iraokt-] re/ [Waokt-] re/
Although nearly always heard in tne refined form of the present, the
r is rarely heard either in the past or the participle.
Wot ^to have
knowledge of)
Wring
Write
Writhe
[Waot]
[Eing-]
[Baa-t]
[Eeyt-] re/
[Baa-dhl
[Ei-h'dh]
[Wist-]
^Wuosf]
;Wuot-]
[Eaang-]
"Ee-h'tl
Hii-h't]
;tUo-t] re/
[Eeh'dh]
[Eih'dh]
■Wis-u'n]
"WUOS'U*!!]
;Wuot-u'nJ
[Ruong-]
[Bitni'n]
[Eet-u'n] re/
[Eidh-u'n]
*9* In the foregoing list of verbs, the following ought also to have been
disting^uished as weak ones : —
Have,
Hear,
Keep,
Kep,
Kneel,
Leave,
Lend.
Make,
May,
Muist,
Pay,
Pen,
oeoK,
Sell,
Send,
Shall,
Speldeb,
Spend,
SpiU,
SXJIT.
AUXIUATIT VERBS.
xlv
AUXILIARY ^"ERBS.
It may be sufficient to remark generally of yerbs of this character,
that, in their nnemphatic forms, whether full or contracted, in any
degree, the quantity of the pronominal vowel is dependent upon stress.
If this is acquired by the auxiliary, then the vowel is long ; but if it is
only upon a following ordinary verb, it is short.
TO BE,
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESEKT TENSE.
Singular.
Plural
[Aa- iz/] i [Aa- iz*]
[Dhoo* 1Z-] ref. I 'Dhuw* iz-
LEy iz] ( [:E7 iz-]
5-] "Yey aa-r] - ) "Yuw u*rj
;Dh:e- aa-r] ^^J* \ [Dhie* ut]
[Dhim* iz'J ( [^^hem' iz*]
, *we 's* [wiz*] IS in frequent use, i
For the first i)erson plural, *we 's* [wiz*] is in fre(}uent use, in
familiar conversation. The verb is never fully sounded, in connection
with the pronoun, but on all occasions coalesces with it.
IMPERFECT TENSE,
Singular,
[Aa* waar']
Plural.
'[Wey waaz*]
[Aa* waaz] [Wey] or [wih'*
waar*]
rpiioo* waar*] re/*, \ jT)huw* waaz*] [Yey waar*] «/ .
LEy waar*] (L:E*ywaaz.] [Dhe'h*) *' '
[Dhi'h' >waar*]
[Dhim* )
In nnemphatic character, the vowel of tne verb in the vulgar phase
also changes to [u].
In the same phase, the vowel of the pronoun, first person plural, in-
Tariably tends to [ih**] when a consonant follows.
"Yuw* waaz*]
1)he* waaz*]
TDhem* waaz*]
INFINITIVE.
PruenU
[Tu bi*h'] {[Tu bey] ref.
Perfect,
ITu e' bin*] {[Tu e* beyn] ref.
Pru0ni Participle,
[Bi-h'n] {[Beyn] ref.
Perfect Participle.
Compound Perfect,
[Ev-in bi-h'n] {[XJvin beyn] ref.
xlvi
AUXILIART VERB:
L ( me'li', meh'zl
rrn S ni:i'h', mn'h'z]
rp_ ^ m:ih', muhzj
L^^ ( me-h\ meh'zj
MAT.
FRESEST TEXSE.
rWAv- ) md-h', md-li'z]
L^^^ ( meH', mehzT
L ' ( me'h , me-n*zj
The forms set forth are equally oommon.
In the first and second persons plural, the Towel is also [ee*], and in
the speech of many there is the tendency to fih'*] already noted.
The usual negative form is [m:i'h'nt], but there is the additional
frequent one [md'h'zu'nt]. ' I mays not go, after all ' [Aa* m:i*h*zu*ut
gaan', ef't*u yaal']. This form is oonsiderBd somewhat refined.
IMPEBFECT TENSE.
Singular,
FAa- [ muod-]
»■ ( muodz'l
i( muoa*]
[Dhoo* < muodz'l
(maowt'J
muod']
muodz'1
Flwral.
nver { Z^
i muod*]
[Yey < muodz'l
(maowt'J
iDhSn* 1 °^^^*» muodz', maowt']
(maowt'j
Interrogatively, the verb and pronoun of the three persons, 8in^:ular
and plural, coalesce. This is a rule applying to most verbs, auxiliary
or otnerwise. When in this character, the imom is chiefly apparent in
the second ]>er8on sing^ular, as in the above case, the pronoun becoming
the contraction [tu] — [muod'tu, muodz'tu, maowt'tu^
CAN.
PBESENT TENSE.
Singular,
f^' I kaanz]
i kaan*]
[Dhoo' < kaanz'l
(kaanst*] (occ.)
pj, ( kaan*]
•- ^ ( kaauz']
Plural,
r-nr \ kaau'l
L^^y'l kaanz] (occ.)
py . J kaan*]
L ®y ( kaanz*] (occ.)
w3] <<^)
Singular.
FAa- [ kuod-]
L^^ \ kuodz-]
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Plural
c-y I M]
N
AUXILIARY VERBS. xlvii
Singular, Flurah
CEy-iSS.] P>he.h>. dhim- { S^lj
MUST,
Singular. Plural.
.^(muon-l [^ |muon]
•• ( muonz*] '- ^ I muonz*]
i muon*] ( muon*]
p)hoo* < muonz*] [Yey < muonz*]
( muot*] ( muot']
i muon*] L muon*]
[Ey* < muonz*] [Dhe'li', dhim* < muonz*]
(muot*] (muot*l
When the verb alone has stress [aoh''] is a frequent yowel, but in
this case final s is not heard.
The negative forms are [muon'ut] and [minnit],
HAVE.
PBESEMT TENSE,
Singular. Plural, ^
[Aa* ev*] [Wey ev]
[Dhoo* ez'] [Yey* ev]
[Ey ez'] ^ rDhe* evj
Beeides the common negative ' havrCV [ev*u*ntj, there is an additional
form in ' ha'nut * [en-ut]. ' Ha* * [e], long and short, as a contraction
of havt^ is in common use before other woras. ' I has ' [Aa* ez*] is also
frequently heard, for the first person singular. Some people constantly
affect this lbrm» and employ ' hasn't * [Aa* ez*u*nt] for the negative,
IHPEBFECT TENSE,
Singular, Plural,
^•■' 'ed
aadst*] i tji "i
The second vowel [aa] is distinctive of rural dialect, beine common
to this, and quite unheard in town dialect, as a constituent of tiie verb
ipled.
IMPERATIVE.
[Ev*]
INFINITIVE.
[Tu* ev]
Xlviii AUXILIARY VERBS.
jyetent Partieipte. Perfeei PartieipU,
[Evin] [Ed-]
[Aad-]
SHALL.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural,
^Aa* saal*]
[Dhoo* saal*]
[Ey saal']
^ey saal*]
Yey saal*]
Dhe-h' saal*]
The negative forms are several, namely, [saal'ut], [saal*unt], [saant],
[saan*u], and [saan'ut], the two last being essentially the most charac-
teristic of rural dialect. [Saan'u], however, is but an occasional form,
^ese forms, further coalescing with pronouns, constitute set phrases
which are very convenient to Sie reticent, inasmuch as they may take
the place of direct responses in conversation. When the verb, or the
terb and pronoim together are unemnhatic, the form contracts to st^
and, as frequently, to «, in both the vulgar [yey*s, (e. g,)] and the refined
[yaow's (e, g,)] phases alike.
IMFEBFEOT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
TAo. J sttod*, suodz*, suodzt*] nxr^rr. ^^. 5 suod*, suodz', suodzt*]
L-^ ( s:i-h'd, sih'*dz, sih'*dzt] L^ey . ^ee \ sd'hU sih'-dz, sih'-dzt]
r-nhnft- i ®^^*» suodz*, suodzt] p^ J sued*, suodz*, suodzt-f
Lmoo I g. ..j^,^^ ah'-dz, sih'-dzt] L^tey , yee | ^...j^,^^ 8ih'*dz, sih'*dzt]
r-ri i suod*. suodz*. suodzt'l rxM- •• » ^ suod*. suodz*. suodzt*!
[Ey, ee* < • v; J -tTj -xyw ^t fDhe'h { • v» i -iTj .■tTj i-,
•• ''^ * ( 8:i*h d, sih'*dz, sih'*dzt] ^ \ s:i*h*d, sih 'dz, sih'*dzt]
WILL.
PRESENT TENSE.
Sitigular. Plural,
[-^- 1 Si t^«y ! S]
[Eyj
:S-] C^'^-^' { S]
The negative forms have a correspondence with those of shaU, and
are [wil*utj, [wil'unt], [wi-h'nt], [win*u], and [win*ut], the first and the
two last bemg most in use.
In both a simple and a compound relation, the [i] gives place to
£ae*] in the refined phase of the dialect.
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular. Plural
[Dhoo- \ waadz-] [Yey. yee- ] ^J^^J,
\ waadzt*] ^ •*
AUXILIARY VERBS.
xlix
Singular,
Plural
tEy.-l:Sz^]
tDl^e-t'.dhimirS]
DO.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular.
Plural,
di-li*z]
[Aa*^ diz-]
duov]
' DuY ' [duoy] is also neard in connection with the first and second
persons plural, but only very occasionally.
^Z \ ^^^i
: } di-h']
^^^■^ \ di-h-]
The negative forms are as follows :
Singular*
[di'h'nt]
'dizni'nt]
duovu'nt]
Ist Person
divu'nt]
|din*ut]
|duon*ut]
Plural.
di-h'nt]
[dih^Wnt]
duovu'nt]
divu*nt]
din'ut]
duon'ut]
I rdiE'u*nt]
2nd Person I [dih'-zu'nt]
r [diz-u*nt]
[dih'-zu'nt]
3rd Person"
;di-h'nt]
'duon'ut]
|din"ut]
[dih'-zu'ntl
[duovu'ntj
"divu'nt]
They^ and not ihem^ is the usual pronoun oefore a negative.
The imperative forms of the negative are [di'h'nt], [duon'ut], and
[din'ut].
Interrogatively, and suasively, the pronoun, and not the adverb, is
last in order. [iJuovni'nt Aa' ?], Do I not ? [Duon'ut tu !], Don't thou
(you) I
IMPERFECT TENSE.
Singular.
Plural
] C^«r i diS]
In all cases, when there is a shift of stress from one word to another.
L-** |didz-]
1
AUXILIARY VERBS— ADVERBS.
there is a diminished and, often, an entirely changed vowel-flonnd. In
the present case, if the stress laid with the verbs, the value of the pro-
nouns, sing^ular and plural, would be respectively, [Aa, dhuo, e, ee (or)
ee*, wu, yee', dhu].
The refined form of the vowel of the verb is [ae*].
IMPEBATTYE.
[Dih']
detent PartieipU*
[Di'in]
HrrurinVE.
[T:u- di-h']
Ferftet hiriieipU.
[Di'h'n]
ADVERBS.
MKAMPLEa OF FORMS PECULIAR TO TBK DIALECT.
Presenttys
At-after
Already $
A/ore
To-days
To»mom
Need
8oonwafd$
L ADVERBS OF TIME*
Triz'u'ntliz]
Ut-:e-ffu]
Yaalrid'izJ
Ufuo-h*r]
Tu-di-h'z]
Tu-muo'h'n]
'Neesf]
rSi-h'nudz*]
Presently
AiterwardB
Already
Before
To-day
To-morrow
Next
Soon ; in a little time
* Which is the ioonwarduti gate P * [Wich* iz' t si'h'nudzizt gih'*t ?],
Which is the necurest way ?
Pnow
FnowardB
AtweenwhileB
Alwayaer (comp.)
Alwaysett (super!.)
0/tens
Of tenser (comp.)
0/tensest (superL)
Mostlings
Mostlys
pnoo'] )
fln:oo*h'dz] )
LUtw:i*h*nwaa* 'Iz]
]Yaal*usurl
[Yaal'usistJ
[Uof'u'nz]
*Uof*u'nzu]
'Uofu'nzistl
'Me'h'stlinzJ
Soon ; by and by
Betweenwhile ; in fho
mean time
The more always
The most always
Often
Oftener
Oftenest
Mostly
[Me-h'stliz]
In town dialect, with a particular reference to that of the Leeds dis-
trict, the affix ' lings ' is a general adverbial form for most derivatives.
Sin [Sin*]
Lately 8 [L:i-h*tliz]
To now [Tu noo'J
Formerlys [Fu*muliz]
Nevers [Niv'uz]
The 8 is also an occasional addition to ever.
Sometimes [Suomtaa'mz]
LongtvJiilea [Laang*waa"lz]
Often preceded by at
Since
Lately
Until now
Formerly
Never
Sometime
Eventually ; in the end
ADVERBS OF TIME — OP PLACE.
li
A whiles
Rarelys
Freshfys
Whiles
Whilst
Uwaa'lz]
Reh'liz]
Frish'liz]
Waa-lz] I
"Waa-lstJ J
Awhile
Rarely
Afresh
Whilst
U. ADVERBS OF PLACE.
Everywheres
Herewheres
Somewheres
Nowheres
Anywherts
Heres
Theres'
Iv'riwi**h*z]
I-h^wi"Vz]
i"h'z-
Everj-whore
Here; in close proximity
Suom*wi"h'z] Somewhere
[Neh* • wi' 'h'z] Nowhere
Aoii'-(and)uoniwi"h'z] Anywhere
I-h*z]
;Thi-h'z]
The last two are occasional forms.
Aboonards
Baddy
Thereby (and with
s [z] added)
Somegates
!"XJboo*nudz]
'Ubri-h'nudz]
"Baakli]
'Dh:ih'baa-]
\
Here
There
Above
Backward
Thereabouts
(and) Some way, or, where
[Suom*g:ih'ts
-gih'ts]
[No'h*guts(and)-gih*ts] No way, or, where
Also [noh'*g:ih'ts]
tAon*-(and)uon'ig:ih'ts] Anj-way
Yaal'giih'ts] All ways; or, in every
direction
The last four forms are also heard without the final «, but not so com-
monly.
Nogates
Any gates
AlhgaUs
Athin
Aihinwards
Athout
Athoutwards
A hint
forwards
A/oreanent
Whoor
Hoor
Hoarder
A ways
Tuo
Tiv
Til
Tea
Frev
Frde
Boundwards
Ahoutwards
JFheresomevers
Thru/
;Udhin-]
'Udhin'udz]
;Udhoof]
'Udhoot'udz]
;U-int-]
"Fur'udz]
'Uf:uo*h'runint*]
"Wuo'h'r] I
Toh'r] ]
Uoh'ri-hn
Uwi-h'z]
'Tuov]
"Tiv (and) tih'-v]
'Til']
;Tih']
[Frev (and) friv]
'Fre*] (and with added ( xi
[hT before a con- > ^^^^^
sonant)
[Roo'ndudz]
'Uboot'udzJ
*W:ih*8uomivuz]
[Thruof]
Within
Inwards
Without
Outwards
Behind
Forward
Opposite before
Where
Wherever
Away
To
Bound
About
Wheresoever
Through
lii ADVKRBS OF PLACE — QCALITT— QCASTIXr — ^IIOOD.
Of
Again
Among
ruv]
[Ugi-li'n]
tUmaang*]
On
Against
1 Amongst
Among
m. ADVERBS OF QtTALITT.
Weel r?®«*l (^^^) wae-1] Well
Thtuwards fThuos'udz] Thus
Surelya ^ [Siwli'liz] Surely
A great proportion of the adyerbs ending in ly take ' « ' additionally^
and some few ' %ng$ * [ingz'].
Yamost nTaam'ust] Almost
ffardlys [Aa'dlis (and) e:h'*dliE] Hardly, scarcely
Varra [Vaar*u] Very
As an isolated affirmative, the word often takes ' $ ' additionally.
Oinner
Nought hut
Nought but$
Nought bud
Nought bud$
Nearlys
Fair
WillingB
Gin^ur]
[Naob'ut]
[Naob'uts]
'Naob'ud]
"Naob'udzJ
'Ni-h'liz]
'Fe-hn
■l^'il-inz]
Be-h'dhu2]
Bather
Only
Nearly
Quite
Willingly
Bather
Bathers
'Tginner oH^ two
a peasant^B rendering of the phrase ;>— t. e. the beet of the two ; but the
word is not by rulepermissiblo at the end of a sentence, as is ' rathereet '
[re'h'dhu'ristj.
tV. ADVERBS OJ? QUANTITY,
* [T ginnir uf twi'h*], * The ratherf$t of the two '—
of the phrase ;— -t. e, the
Mich
Mickle
Muckle
Lahl
Lahtle
AnSc^
Aye
[Mich-] )
'Mik-ul] } Much
[Muokni'l] )
;Uni»h*f] Enough
V. ADVERBS O^ MOOD»
Vahly
No douhtings
Aye
Whya
Wah
Happen
Happens
Knd with initial y
Belikea
Hap-cha9ire
And with initial y
[Aa*, Aa'y, (and the Yes
refined forms [Ae'y,
aey, e^, ey*])
Taa-li] Verily
[Ne"h'd:oo-tinz] Doubtless, Undoubtedly
'Aa-y, Ae-y, E*y] Indeed
Waa'yu,(and)waay*u )
(re/.) ^ Well (in assent)*
;Waa-] )
:Aap-u'nz] | ^^^^"P«
supplanting h in the last two forms.
[Bilaa-ks] Probably
[Aap'chaans] Perchance
in i)laco of h. The woitl is usually pruceded by by [hi].
ADVBRBS OP MOOD — PREPOSITIONS.
UU
Likelys
WhcU/or
Whethers
Whithenvardt
Xaa'kliz]
|Waaf fur-]
'Widh'uz]
[Widh'u'rudz]
PEEPOSmONS.
Likely
Why?
Whether
Whither (occ.)
To
' On ' is in occasional use for q/*, chiefly before personal pronouns,
but is not a distinctive form, the common one bein^ tu^']- ^or ib *on*
habitually abbreviated, as in town dialect, in which the consonant is
usually subjected to elision. In rural dialect, of [uv] is also frequently
employed for on. * He is of horseback' [Iz* uv* aos'baak]. ' One must
not depend of him ' [Yaan* muon'ut dipin'd uv* Tun*].
Other peculiar forms are, —
Again [Ugi'h'n] Against
Tuv "Tuov]
Tiv Tir]
Til 'Til-T
TS [Ti-]
These are em})loyed before words beginning with vowels. When a
consonant is the initial letter, [tu] is resorted to. The first two forms
make an exception of initial t in the definite article.
Intuv pn*tuv (and) in*tuov] )
Jntiv In tiv] f t a
Jntil [Intul] ( ^*^'
Inte [In'ti] )
These forms also precede words beginning with vowels; the first
form being occasionally heard before £, generaUv as the initial letter of
the definite article. The last form is so heard, also. The usual one
before consonants is [in*tu].
UnHl [TJon'tu'l] Unto
Div [Biv] By
Rigorously employed before a vowel, and frequently before words
with initial U
Tuvard [Tuov'ud]
Tivard
Tilard
Teard
And with added b ([z]), m each case.
Frev rFrevl J
Fra TFre'] ( ^^^
Frnv 'Fruov] 1
The last form is employed in tne past tense, before a vowel. The rest
of the forms are in excessive use, and are familiar to the ear in every
position. The two first, however, are those chiefly used before vowels.
• Fra ' [fre*] is quite as frequently heard before words beginning with a
Towel, as before those beginning with a consonant, and, in respect of
these last, with the addition of the final element [h'*].
Frevard [Frevud] ^ *Fromward,'awayfrt)m,
Frivard rFrivud] > — in antithesis with
Fruvard [^Fruovud] ) • towards
And with added • ([z]}, in each case.
Towards, toward
Ur
PREPOSITIONS.
Ower rjLo-wh\ ao'h' {rtf.}] Orer
UrUher [Uroiid'a (and often) Under
uo'nd'u]
Thrt^ miruof] )
Thra [Thre] (and with [h'] > Thitm^
before a oonaonant) i
Of deriyed prepoeitions, those which in ordinaiy speech are formed
by employing the prefix b^ in dialect speech employ ' «' lor the puzpoeey
as in toe fidlowing : —
A/are [Ufdo'h'r] Before
AhifU tr-inf] Behind
1 tJt^^l } ^^^'^
tJm-h'dh(and)imi*h>thl Beneath
^«^'^J A Beside
TTsaa'd my J
[U-yuondT Beyond
'Umaang-n
Ifaang'] > Among, amongst
[Umnong*] )
*UbooTiJ Above
"Udhin-] Within
;0f- uvj Off
The last idiom nsoalfy occurs when the word to follow is a pronoun.
' Off on ' [of* u'n] is also employed, but this form is more characteristio
of town dialect.
Atween
Aneath
AMe
Anden
Ayond
iAmang
Mang
Amung
Ahoon
Athin
Pffof
Sin
8m
Wiv
Wid
Chiefly employed
Thrrmgh
Thra
Sin-] )
8en-](
Wiv] )
Wid-] ]
ore vowels, as is * wi* * [wi*] before consonants.
Since
With
Thn^
A$iiad
AnerU
Iv
ixnroo'j J
[Thre-1 (and with added f-p
[hn before a consonant) (^^^
[Thruof-] )
[Ustih'd] Instead
[TJnint*] Concerning, touching
[Iv-] In
Chiefly (but without restriction) employed before vowels^ Before
consonants, ' i' * [i] is most usuaL
Athoui
Adout
AvmU
Bithoui
Bidoui
Bivout
Without
WidolU
Wivout
'DoiU
'Bout
*Thout
'Vout
Udhoot-]
*'Udoot-l
Uvoot'J
[Bidhoot-]
[Bidoot]
'Bivoot''
Widhoof]
Widoot-l
Wivoot-J
Doot-1
"Boot-J
'Dhoot-]
^Voot-]
Without
PREPOSITIONS— CONJUNCTIONS.
W
Of those, * athout,' * adout,' ' without,' * widout,' * 'dout,' * 'thout,'
and, occasionally, ' 'bout,' acquire the ending ' en ' customarily.
While
While$
Nearhand
Nearhands
Nears
At'OftfT
[Waa-l] )
"Waa-lz] ]
"Ni"h*raand J )
'Ni-h'raanz'J >
'Nih'z] )
;Ut-:e-ft'u]
Till
Near
After
The present of participles are not employed as prepositions.
CONJUNCTIONS.
The following are the most usual forms :— *
1. COPULATIVE.
An
An' alt
rUn']
[IJnao-h'ri
Both [Beh'th, bi:h'-th] Both
And
<Andall's=al50
rBaocthl, the refined form, is heard from many who do not habitually
emj^oy ^alectal pronunciations, and who are supposed to haye received
a fsdr education ror the demands of middle-class society.
Xaa'kw:aaz] Likewise
[Faa-d*u] Farther
'Meh'raowh'z] Moreover
'Ufuo'h'rl
;Sin']
'S:aa*yn, saa*n]
[Sen-] ^
I-h'z] \
;Ut-:ef-t'u]
"Wen*, w:ae*n]
"Waa-l] )
"Waa-lz] (
TJn:i*vur^
[XJn:i*vuzJ
'Unsum:i'vuz]
"Wensumd-vurl
Wensumii'TUzJ
"Wuo-h'r]
tJo-h'r]
Wid'ni]
"Wuod'-u]
tJkaos*]
'Gin']
If-]
Gifg
}
Before
Since
Likewise
Farder
Moreower$
AfOTt
Sin
Syne
Sen
Ere
Ere$
AUafter
When
While
Whilee
Anever
Anevere
Ansomever
Whenwmever
Whensomevere
Whoor
Hoor
Whither
Whuther
Acauee
Oin
An
V
The last form, with ^g\ft ^ [gift'], aro most usual in Nidderdale.
Ere
After
When
Une
Whenever
Whore
Whither
Because
If
Thai
'CejA
[Dhaat*]
tSipf]
That
Except
Ivi
Bowser
However^
HowBomevers
As if
An! if
So 'at
Thuf
Thof
Tha
Then
Bed
f
1
CONJUNCTIONS.
Oo-i-li']
[Oo-ivuz]
'Oc'suomili']
Oo"8Uomiv*iiz]
Uz if-] )
Un if-] ]
Se-h't, 8eli'-t]
Dhuof-] )
Dhaof •] }
"Dhe-] )
Dhen-]
Ed] ; (also [Aad-], ) g,
distiuctiYely) (
However
As if
So that
ThoTigh
Than
n. DISJTJNCnVE.
tr [U] Or
Nu [Nu] ^ Nor
Though the r has not been rendered in the above forms, yet it ia
much heard in connection, and is never omitted before a vowel*
Still
Aither
Owther
jSather (rtf,)
Naiiker
Nowiher
Neather (ref)
However
Howdomever
Yet
Howheit
\
[Stil-]
[E-h'd'ur]
'lAo'wd'ur]
1-h'dhur]
T^e-h'd*ur]
*N:ao*wd*iir]
>^i-h'dhur]
[Oo-ivu] )
'Oo"*8uomiv*u] (
Tif]
'■:Oobit]
}
StiU
Either
Neither
However
Yet
Howbeit
The refined [ao'-h'bey't] is also much heard generally.
Bud
Bod
But
Leastways
Ne^ersome^er
Ne*er8(rmevers
Buod-, bud]
■Baod-^
Buot-
1
But
Ij-.ih'stwe-h'z, li'h*stuz] Lest
'Nih*8um:i'hn ) vr
W :msumiv*uz] (
Nevertheless
The middle vowel is, in each case, m interchange with [uo].
When conjunctions are employed correlatively with an adverbial
form, there is, very often, the change of a word, an insertion, or a con-
traction not recog^nised in modem speech. In the phrase, more or less
ihany the last word is displaced by nor, [nu]. In, though yet, the word
as must necessarily come between the words, [dhuof uz* yit*]. In, so
that, the th is never heai-d, [so'h't].
Only the simplest construction of illatives are employed, such as,
and so, [un* se'hj ; then, [dhin] ; for, [fur*]. Words like whence, hence,
thereupon, therefore, conaequcutly, are entirely imfamiliar to dialect
speakers. Accordingly is heard, but this is not a genuine dialect form.
The pronunciation is [ukiuoh'dinlaa*].
INTERJECTIONS.
Ivii
INTEEJECTIONS.
TEBOUS FEELINO.
The interjections which are not orthographically distinct from those
in ordinary use, are yet so phonetically. To these are added, in the
following list, the forms peculiar to the dialect.
1. EXPBESSIVE OF BOis- J Hurrah ! [Uo're* !] with the second yowel
greatly prolonged.
'Tuck! [Yuok-!] Those of this class are
numerous, the word proper being usually
followed by a noun or pronoun. Ex"
amples : —
Kay, bairn ! [Ne-h' be-h'n !] the first word
having the force of, Nay, indeed !
Aye, bairn ! [Ey be* 'h'n !]!>«, indeed, bairn!
a phrase occurring constantly in the con-
versation of adults.
2. £XFB£S8IYE OF SOB-
HOW, OB PAIN.
i
Wok for us ! rWe-h* fur uz !] Woe for us I
Wde, bairn ! [AVe-h' be-h'n !]
Other forms, net of this character, are
Oh ! [Ao- !]
Ooh ! roo- !]
Ha ! [lie* ! J A rough breathing invariably
accompanies the voweL
He ! [I- !] A sound usually elicited by a
twinge of acute pain.
3, EXPBESSIVE OF PAIN-
FUL 8UBPBISE.
I Oh ! [A:o- !]
4. EXPBESSrVE OF WON-
DEBMENT.
' Oh ! [Ao* !] of extreme length.
Hee ! [Ee- !]
^y/[Ai-n
My Bong f [i^QA* 'saang'!] (Also used in
mock-anger.)
By ! [Baa- !]
Zounds ! [Zrooiu! !]
Zookerins ! [ZookTinz !]
Woonkers ! [Wuo'ngkuz !]
Odsart ! fiAo'dz-, aodz*-, aoh'*dz-(and) odz*aa*tl
(and also, in each case) 6h'*t'!j
Hew! rrw-n
Qow ! maoV' I]
Lors ! [Lao'h'z !]
Holloa / [Aolao'h* !] (Expressive of pleased
surprise.^
Ako, with the addition of « [Aolao'h'z !]
Iriii
INTERJECTIONS.
Expresflions of dlBpleasare are chiefly represented by contractions,
or full formfl, of an imprecatory character, but without force of mean-
ing, ExampUs : —
'Od rahit! [Ao'd-, aod--, aoh'-d-, (and) od-
raab'it !]
Od zounds ! [lAo'diz-f aodz'-, aoh'*dz-, (and)
odz'oonz* !J *
Drat I This form has yarious rowel changes,
being heard as [D'raat' ! d'ruot' ! d'raot* !
d'rot-! d'ruoh'-t T (and) d'lihtl (long and
short)].
Odratf [Aod--, aoh'-d-, (and) od-raatM (to-
ffether with the additional variations of the
ULst vowel as noted in Drat /)]
Blame /_rBlih'-m !]
Dash ! maaah- !]
Bum! 'Baon*!]
Deng! 1)eng'!j
..ZbfcA/ [Zaolsh-1]
5* EZntESSIYB OF AN-
OEE, DT VA&IOirS DE- -{
O&EEflL
6. SZPBE8SIVB OF CON-
STERNATION.
Mercy ! [Maasi !] also, as frequently, [Maas*-
aa*y ! (and, on occasions), Maassaa'y !]
^ Save ! [S:i-hV H
Oh ! [Ao- !]
L Wounds ! [w.-oo'ndz* ! w:ao*wndz* ! (re/.)].
Experiences of this kind are least open to categorical treatment, for
the reason that they in some measure depend on the object for character,
and, moreover, are a variety. Thus, e, g,^ for a male person to see an
acquaintance, or relative, under circumstances of imminent peril, would
occasion the impulsive cry : ' Lad I ' [Leiad* !] or, *Lass I ' [Laas* !],
as the case might be.
7. OF GONTEMFT OF
SPEECH.
Posh!
Tush!
Pouse!
Chut!
aosh* !]
osh' ij
aows I p:oo*s !]
uot- !]
8. OF QEEETnra. ( What cheer ! [Waat* chi-h' !]
OF OEEETiNa, DT SUE- ( HoUoa ! [Aolao'h' ! uolao'h' !]
P&ISE.
Also with s [z] added.
9. TO SUMMON, OB AT-
TRACT ATTENTION.
Hey ! [E-y .H
HoUoa ! [Aol'ao'h' 1 uol*ao*h' !] (and with the
accent upon the last syllable alone, in each
case).
INTERJECTIONS.
(Looks! [Lri-Vks!]
See ! [Srli* !]
lix
TO DIRECT ATTEN-
TION.
Harks I [E:h"k8 !]
Look you, buds ! [Lv\l)l yu, buodz* !] — (Look
you, but ! Only look !)
Look, buds ! [Li'lilc, buodz* !]
See youy buds ! [Si* yu, buodz* !]
See, buds ! [Si'li*, buodz- !]
Hark you, buds ! rE:h*'k yu, buodz* I]
Hark, buds ! [E:tf -k, buodz* !]
Hear you^ buds ! [I*b* yu, buodz* !]
^^or^s^d™ 8pS^' I ^^"^<^ [Whii-sht-! wh:ae-8hfl wli:uo-8hf!]
OB SUBDUE SPEECH. ^ ^ j ^^,^, j ^.j^, , ^^^^^^ ^. j ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ J
JOHN CUlLlXi AND SON, PUlNTBRft.
A GLOSSARY OF WORDS
UIEO IN TUB
DIALECT OF MID-YORKSHIRE,
[The part of speech is not added in the case of substantiyes.]
Abuseful [ubi wsf aol], adj .
abosiYe ; Mid.
Ache [e'li'k], V. a. to annoy by
complaint, entreaty, question-
ing, or mischieyous talk. Wh,
OL; Mid.
Acker [aak*url, sb. and v. n. a
flowing ripple; gen. In Mid-
YorksSire, the hair is said to
acker J^aak'ur], v. n. and v. a.
'when in wavy outline.
Adash [udaash*], v. a. to pat to
shame ; Mid. ' I felt fair (quite)
adashed ' [Aa* fel't •feh'r
udaash't].
Addle [aad'u*!], v. a. to earn.
' Addhngs * [aad'linz], earnings.
Wh. 01.; gen.
After -tenuinB [ef-t'utem'-zinz],
sb. pi. the roughly-dressed flour
commonly known as ' sharps,'
gen. The sieve used in the
dressing of this meal, at the
stage indicated, is called a *tems'
[tem'z],
Ag [asig*]) V. a. to complain con-
tentiously; Mid.
Agate [uge'h't, ugi-h't], one of
those compendious terms, vary-
ing in meaning, which cannot
be properly appreciated but
through examples. It may be
taken to signify, widely, in the
act of d(nng anything, and is gen-
eral to the county. * Get a^nte
o* going ' [Git* uge'h't u gaa*m],
begin to go. 'He's been agate
o' him a^in ' [Eoz* bin* uge'h't
u im* ugi'h'n], has been beating
him again. Or the phrase may
apply to any other act, however
diverse in character, if repre-
sented by a participli ^ expressed
or understood. * They're agate,
the one at the other* [Dher*
uge'h't, te'h'n ut idh'urj, they
are kissing each other. ' He s
agate o' bi'oaking sticks' [Eez*
ugi'h't u brek" in stiks']. * He's
agate* [Eez* uge'h't], in the act
of doing. ' Been agate o' nought
aU the morning' [Bin* uge'h't
u noaw't yaal* t muoh''n], oeen
doing nothing all the morning.
* He^ always agate * [Iz* yaal'us
ugi'h't], always teasing, or doing
whatever else may be the sub-
ject of allusion. 'He was set
agate of it' [Ee wur' set'u'n
uge'ht on't], was incited to the
act. * Get agate of framing * [Git*
ugi'ht u fire'h'min], prepare to
begin. * Agate o' sleeping '
[t^'h't u siih''pin], in the act
of sleeping.
Agee [ujee-], adv. awry. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Aggerheads [aag-urih'dz], sb.
pL loggerheaas ; Mid.
Iim-TOEKSHIEB GLOSSART.
Ahew [uaw], adv. askewj gen.
A hi n t [u-int'], prep, behind.
Wk. 01.; gen. Alao 'JJehint'
[bi-int] J gen.
Aim [aam', eh'm, i'h'm, yoatn',
Sam, jn'h'm}, v. n. to intend.
aae ore all general. [Yaam']
is the commonest fonn among
old people. [Eh'ml, as at
'Whitbj, 18 the refined form.
Aimaome f^am'sum], adj. ambi-
tiooB ; Mid.
Airt [eh't] ; m- Airth [e-h'th],
sb. quarter, or direction. Wfi.
01. ; Mid.
Aitiier [eh'dhnr], ab. furrowed
ground. Wh. Ul. ; Mid.
All-heal [ao'h'l- ib'l], a miner'a
term for a new working ; Nidd.
Allkini [yaalkinz], eb. pi. and
adjectiv^ sb. all kinds ; Mid.
Alae [aaU]; or Ailse [eh'ls],
Alice; gen.
Amang-handi [nmaang- • aanz],
adv. cDigointly . Wh. 01. ; gen.
An [un-]. coiy- H- R'A- Gl- i
casual to Mid - Yorkshire and
the north.
An' r'U, [un ao-h'l], adv. too; gen.
[Aa'z gaain un ao-h'l], I am
going too.
Ananther8[un[ian'dhu2]i or An-
thers [aon'dhuz], conj. lest.
Wh. Gl.; Mid.
Anenst [unenst], adv. againsi
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Anent [unen't]
and Agttan [ugi'h'n] are as
commonly heard, too, but the
former with two other variations
of meaning — nmr and oppotite.
Angle [aang-u'l], a small hook,
as a nahing-hook. A large one
ia a cnike [fcriw'k], or oruUe
[kriwku'l]; gen. The pronun-
ciation of the last forms varies,
A'not [aaunit], employed in the
place of the verbal and adverb-
ial phrase are not; but very
casually. The common form ia,
u not [iz-u'nt] ; Mid.
AnotherkinB [unuodhukinz], adj.
another kind. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
The plural is usually employed,
but the singular occurs occasion'
all;, and each form is often
heard in tautology. 'That plum's
of anctlierhini sort ' [Dhaat'
pluomz* uT unuodh * uldni:
suo-h't],
A'oot [u'oot'] i or Adoot [ud'oot-] ;
or Avoot [uvoot'] ; or Athoot
[udhoof]; or Bi'oot [bi-oot'];
or Bidoot [bid'oot] ; or Bivoot
[bivoot-]; or Bithoot [bidhoof] j
or Wi'oot [wi-oot-] ; or Vidoot
[wid'oot']; or Wivoot [wivoot'J;
or Witlioot [widhoof], prep,
without ; gen. The last syllabla
also gives way to a refined form
[oa-w (and) oaw] in broad dialect.
The dental d forms are especially
employed W those who miea^
the dialect broadly, and all the
above are genorallf heard over
the greater part of the north.
AppearenQy [upi-h'ru'ntli], adv.
apparentJy, but in freer use as an
aSirmative response than is usual
in ordinary speech ; gen. ' We '■
ganging to f ftest, ye see, op-
pfartiiUy ' [Wiz' gaan'in tit-
fi-h'st yi sae-y. Dpi-h'ru'ntli].
' It 'a boon t«> weet, appeartntip '
fltz- boon, tu weet. upi Vru'ntli],
IS going to wet (or rain), ap-
parently.
AlBLtnastorky [aar'umustao'h'ki],
a long name for an awkward
female of some size ; Mid.
Arf [aa-f], adj. afraid, reluctant.
Wh. 01.; Mid.
Ark [aa'k, e'h'k], a chest ; gen.
Armihot [eh-'mshaot], arm's-
length. There is also a tendency
to make the last vowel [uo], but
this usage is somewhat of an in-
dividual charactetiatio; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Arr [aa'r], a scar, after a wound
or an ulcer. Pock-arr'd [pok*-
aa'd], marked with the small-
pox. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Arxidge [aar-ij], a light edge or
ridge, as of wood or stone. Wh,
Gl,; gen.
Arvil-cake [aa*vil-ki*h*k], a spiced
cake, prepared for funeral occa-
sions ; gen. In localities south-
ward, arvil is applied to the tea,
which forms a sequence to these
occasions, though the more com-
mon name of this time of refresh-
ment is * t* drinking * [t d*ringk'-
in] or *t* t^a-drinking' [trh*-
d'ringk'in], the usual term for a
tea-party of any kind.
Aiiden Fusaa'du'n] ; w Aside
[usaa'dt prep, beside; near to;
gen. The last form has com-
monly « added.
Askraask*]; or Ai'sk [e'h'sk] ; or
Aakerd [aas'kud], a water- newt;
gen. In use for the several spe-
cies of lizards.
Ask faask'], v. a. To be asked
at cnorch is to have the marriage
banns published. Wh, Gl, ; gen.
* He 's agate o' reading t' askings*
[Eez* ugi'h't u rih^'din t aas*-
kinz], in the act of publishing the
banns. Ax [aaks*] (vb.) and
Aaxin's [aak'sinzj are em-
ployed too.
Am [aas], ash, and ashes. Aas-
card [aas* - ke'h'd],
shoveL Ass-hole
or Ass-midden
the dust-heap. Aas-riddling
[aas'-ridlin], a St Mark's Eve
custom of riddling the ashes on
the hearth, to find, by a shoe-
print, on the following morning,
which of the family is to die
during the year, or, if there be
no mark, to be sure that no
death will occur. Wh. Gl, ; gen.
The singular and plural are
usually alike, but a plural form
is used occasionally : [aas'iz].
Astrnt [ust*ruot •] adv. ; or Astride
[ust'raa'd]. One word is as much
in use as the other, and equally
in the present and past tenses;
gen»
At after [ut ef-t*ur (and) if -fur],
adv. afterward, afterwards. Wh*
Gl,; gen.
Atter [aat*'ur], v. a. to entangle;
gen.
Atter [aat*'ur], v. n. to be busy
in a trifling manner ; Mid* 'He
was ottering about it, doing
nought ' [Ee wur' aat''rin uboot'
it, diin noawt*].
Atter [aat**url v. a., v.n., and sb. ;
or Atteril [aat**rU], the matter
of a sore, or an excreted appear-
ance of any kind, as an attered^
or furred tongue. TF/** OU ; gen.
At-onder [ut:uo*nd*u], adv. un-
der control. Wh, Gl,; gen.
And - fjEurand [ao-h*d-faar-und],
adj. old-fashioned. Wh, GL; gen.
And Soss [aoh^'d Sos*], the devil;
Mid.
And Stock [ao-h'd stok*], a fa-
miliar term employed towards
old acquaintance or old native
residents. It is used in reference
as well as in salutation; Mid.
* He *8 one of the old stock * plez*
yaan* ut' ao'h'd stok*], one oi the
oldest inhabitants. * WhUt cheer !
aud stock, what cheer ! ' [Waat*
chi'h'rl ao'h'd stok*, waat*
clu'h'r!]. How now, old Mend,
how now I
Anght [aowt], ought, anything.
Wh. Gl,;jgeTi, Naught [naow*t],
nought, nothing.
Anin [aoh'*m], elm ; Mid.
An maks [ao'h*maaks*l, sb. and
adjectival sb. all makes, every
kind. Wh, Gl, ; gen. * I went
in to buy a bonnet-shape, and he
showed me au maks ' f Aa* wint'
in tu baa* u buon'it-shaap*, un*
i shi*h*d mu yaal* maaks*]. The
form is very liable to assume
i
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
this shape, au being indeed in
singular character. In the min-
ing-dales the U^B of such words
are frequently dropped, but not
in Mid- York., or in the strictly
rural parts anywhere; nor in
southern Yorkshire, except to
the south-west. All manthers
[ao'h' maan'dhuz] and fao'h'
znaan'd'uz] are forms with the
same meaning, heard in Nidd.
and the north.
Atunas [ao*h*mus], alms. W7i.
01, ; gen. [Ao'h'mus - oo*s],
almshouse. The word has also
the meaning oi portion y sb., and,
in this sense, is most frequently
on the lips. * There, that 's thy
aumas; thou '11 get no more '
[Dhi'h'r, 'dhaats* 'dhaa* aoh*'-
mus; dhoo'l git* nu me*h'r]. One
holding a sack to be filled, will
cry put when the sack is full,
* Hold on ! I Ve gotten my auma$ *
[Aoh*d aon'! Aa'v git'u'n mi
ao'h'mus]. * He 'U do with a
bigger aumas than that' [Ee'l
di*l? wi u big'ur ao'h'mus un*
•dhaat*], with a larger portion
than that. On * Pancake,' or
Shrove- Tuesday, the poor people
fo from house to house, begging
our and milk ; and employ the
formula, *Pray you, mistress,
can you give me my aumus f '
[Prey h', mis't'ris', kaan* yu gi
mu mi ao'h'mus ?]
Anmry [ao-h'mri], a cupboard;
Mid.
Aond [ao'h'nd], past part, fated.
Wh. 01.; gen.
Awnd [ao'h'nd], v. a. to own. The
use of this form is very common.
* He 'U ne'er oivn it ' [Ee'l ni'h'r
ao-h'nd it]. *That strickle I
found goes unawiidedyeV [Dhaat*
st'rik'ul Aa' faand* gaanz' uon*-
ao'h'n'did yit*]. The last form
is employed with increased idiom.
* Has he got back yet Y * * Nay,
he 's never auumded [Ez* i git*u n
baak' yit*? No*h', eo*z nivur
ao'h'n'did]. 'Our's {lad being
understood) has ne*er aicndtd
yet, neither' [Ooh'z ez* ni'h'r
ao*h'n*did yit% ne*h'dhur].
Awe r*wl>n> expressive of control ;
Mid. 'The fiither has him in
good awe J and it 's very well *
[T fih'd'ur ez- im* i* gi'h'd aoh',
un 'its* vaar*u wee*l].
Awebnn* [ao'h'buon*], adj. or-
derly, or under authority. Wh.
01. ; Mid.
Awes [ao'h'z], V. a. own ; Mid.
This word makes idiom of a sen-
tence. [We*h'z ao*h'z dhis*?!,
Who owns this ? or, [We*h z
ao'h'z iz" dhis* h], "Who's own is
this?
Awesome [ao'h'sum], adj. awful ;
Mid.
Awvish [ao'h'vish], adj. halfisb,
neither one thing nor another.
Also half-witted. Wh. 01.; gen.
Backbearaway [baakbih'r-
uwe'h'], the bat ; gen.
Back-kest [baak-kest*], a cast
backwards ; a sudden retrograde
movement, or relapse. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Backlings [baaklinz], adv. back-
wards; Mid.
Backmost [baak-must] ; or Back-
ermost [baakumustj, adj. hind-
most; gen.
Backwatch [baak'waach], a re-
servo fund for exigencies ; Mid.
'There's nought-but poor add-
lings (There are only poor earn-
ings) now-a-days, but somewhat
must be laid by for a backwatch *
[Dhuz* naob*ut puo*h'r aad'linz
noo-u-di-h'z, bud* 'suom'ut mun*
bi lih'd (or [lih'n]) baa* fur* u
baak'waach*]. The term is not
restricted in application.
Badger [baad-jur], a miller; also,
a huckster ; Mid. ' Hungry !
Thou's cdways hungry: thou'd
eat a badger oh hishorse' ['Uong*-
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
5
uri! Dhoo'z •yaal'iis uong'uri
— dlioo'd yili**t u 'baad-jur ih*'f
iz* aos*].
Baff [baaf'J, v. n. a suppressed
bark; Mid. A dog haffa when
it dares not bark, though it may
happen that it commits itself in
the latter way at intervals.
Baffonnd [baaf-und], v. a. to
stun and perplex; Mid. Ex-
ampled as a pp. in the Wh,
GL *Thou 'd baffound a
stoop ! * (postj [Dhoo'd baaf*
und u sti'h'p !j
Bagnit [baag'nit], bayonet ; gen.
Bailier [be-h'lih'r, bi'h'lih'r], a
bailiff; gen.
Bairn [be'h'n], child, variously
employed, as in the Wh. 01.;
gen. This is the northern form
generally, as hfijcn. [baa*n] is the
southern.
Baim-baim [be-h'n-be-h'n], liter-
allj, a child^s child, or grand-
child. A term often used in
Mid - Yorkshire. Leeds people
employ the compound [oaa*n-
baa'nj now and then, but with
some vulgamoss of feeling, and
not in that sincere way of its use
among country - people, whose
own the word is, or has come to
be. In each case, the plural is
formed by the addition of a to
the last word. But these are not
the common forms of the name
^randchild^ which are respect-
ively [graon'be'h'n] and [g^raan*
baa*n_|, the [ao] of the first inter-
changing with r&a], and, in a
slight way, with (mostly) [uj,
and [uo]. When the vowel is
[aa] it is impossible not to recog-
nize distinctly the dental charac-
ter of the preceding r.
Bairn-fond [bc'h'iifaond], adj.
child-loving; gen.
Baim.lai*kin8 [be h'n-leh*kinz],
sb. pi. playthings. Wh. 01, ; gen.
C^ommon also in the singular, as
is ' Lai'kinSy' sb. pi.
Bairnpart [be-h'npeh-*t] ; w
Baimdole [be*h'ndih-'l], a child's
portion, or inhentance ; Mid.
Baimteam [be*h*nt'i-h'm], the
children of a household ; gen.
Bakston* [baak'stun], a round
slate or plate of iron, hung by
an iron bow, to bake cakes upon.
Wh. 01.; gen. JBaAr«ton* -cakes
are baked over the fire, in the
way indicated, and also by lay-
ing an oven-plate on the top of
the * end-irons,' placed on each
side of the grate for the pur-
pose ; but a bakston* proper is
often seen as a feature of an old
brick oven, and consists of a slab
of metallic stone, placed over a
limited aperture, and is remov-
able at pleasure. An old oven
was never complete without a
reserve of these stones, and often
baking would be goin^ on over
the fire at the same time as in
the oven
Balk [baoh'kl. This word is
very generally used, in various
compounds, peculiarly. Ilaftera
are nouse-balks. A scale-beam
is a weigh-balk. The iron bar
used in suspending pans over
the fire is the rannel, reckon,
or gally-balk [raan'u'l, rek-u'n,
gaali]. The ground a scythe
has swept at too great an altitude
is a swathe - balk [swe'h'dh-
bao'h'k]. A perch of any kind
fets the name of balky as a hen-
alk. It is applied to the ceiling^
too. Of a room that has been
* underdrawn,' i. e. where a roof
of laths and plaster has been
constructed below the rafters — it
will be said, * The wallE must be
white-washed, but the balk will
have to hold for another day'
tT wao'h'lz mun* bi waa't-wesht*
)ut' t baoh*'k ul* ev tu ao'h'd fur*
unuodh'u di'h']. The shoulder-
piece of wood, from the ends of
which depend straps and hooks
for the carrying of pails, or cans,
is also called a balk. The woid
SIlD-TORKSinRE GLOSSART.
ia used in town duUect, too, for
the top of a. room of any kind.
Balks [bao-li'ks] is especially ap-
plied to that part of a, house im-
mediately under the roof, and
■which is usually entered by a
man-hole. This part of any
building gets the name, aa a
barn-loll ; ccn. ' Go away to
the ham-balki and fetch
feci- mu u e-h'm-fuol u st'n-h -
BaUit [baalit], ballad; Mid.
Bam [baam'], a joke ; a counter-
feit. Wh. 01; Mid.
Ban [baan], t. n. and v. a. to
curse. HA. Gl; iTid.
Bane [be-h'n], aiij. near; gen.
'It's as baite again that gate'
[Itz- uz' be'h'n u^'h'n dhaaf
gi")i't], as near again that way,
or in that direction. The Wh.
Ql, examples the superlatiTO
form, also in use.
Bang [baang], v. a. and sb. to
beat with the fists, or to knock
any object about TioieDtly. The
vtrb is, too, a familiar subatitute
for to ihraih, in farming opera-
tions; gon.
Bannock [baan'uk], a wator-cake ;
gen. Madeof coarse meal, rolled
out thinly, and bung upon coMs,
or on a rack, among the rafters,
to dry and harden.
Barf [baaf-], a low ridge of
ground, Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Bargneit [baa-gcst] ; or Bai^ii
[bao'jis], a goblm, or frightful
phantom ; gen.
Barkum [baakum] a barian, or
horse-collar; Mid. Sarfan is
in use, too. ' Bumblo-harfan '
tbuom'ul - baa-fu'n], a collar
aring a rush or reed cueing, ae
in the Wk. at.
BarroT [baaru], a tumulus.
Wh. Gl.; gen.
Banon [baazun], Wh. Gl. ;
Mid; but not commonly em-
ployed in the way indicated ia
this glossary. It ia applied in
respect of immoderation in the
conduct of a persoD. ' A greedy
harzsm ' [U greed'i baa'zun] ; ' &
good-to-(for)-nothing liarain' [a
E' h'd tn naowt" baazunj ; ' a
nny (^oe) bareon ' [u iMon-i
baa'zanl. When tawdriness or
a ridicnloQs appearance is im-
plied, blOBsom is need. ' I
never saw such a blo»»<im in all
my bom days' [Aa' niv'u see'd
eay'k u blos-um i' yaal" maa-
baoh''n de'h'z].
[baas*], any kind of mat ;
gen. DooT-bau [di'h'r- baaa;
diwr-bass']. Fan-6au [paan*-
baae'], a feature of the Ctchen
supper-table, in a farm-house ;
the articQe being laid for tho
usual pan of boiled t'IIt aet be-
fore the datal-men. A hativek
Bat [baat-], a blow. Wh, Gl. ;
gen.
Bat [baat] ; or Batten [baat-u'n],
a bundle of straw, eonaisting of
two eheavos; gen. Also, the
portion of ground swept by one
sti-oke of a ecythe ; Uid.
Batch [boach], a set company ; a
sect Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Banf [baoh-'f], adj. well-groim,
iQBty. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Bawson [bao-h'sun], a badger.
Beadle [bih'du'l], a person re-
ceiving parish - pay, or alma.
Allusion is, at times, made to
the workhouse as the iead-house
[bih'dus]; Mid.
Beagle [bih'gu'l], a hound. Also,
a tawdry or etrangely-drcssed
person. Wh, Ql. ; gen.
MID-TORKSIIlItE GLOSSARY.
BmI [bi-h'I], V. II. to bellov.
Wh. 01. ; gon.
Bean-day [bili'n-di-li'], a given
day ; gtsa. These days have a
casual occurreitM. When a.
IT enters late upon the
incy of a farm, the rest of
Uie urmeia of the viUoKe will
unite in doins '^™ a good turn.
If it is plou^ling that requires
to be done, thev will go on to
* the land with their t«^iie, and
comer to ' OTertake tht
The evenine of such a day ia
spent in a teative manner ; the
neigbbouTB, generally, enjoying
the farmer's boapitality. At
times of push, as during rape
and mustard - thrashing, there
are bian-dayi, when neighbours
asdst each other, by hand and
implement, with a merry evon-
ing to follow. If a person
alkiwe a foot-path acroes any
part of his land, this act of
sufTeranoe is recognized by a
' bean - day, when the farmers
lender suit and eeirice for the
and -words oT this class generally,
have [i'h'] for their vowel.
Beaut [bih'nt, bih-'nt] ; ur Bai'at
geh-VtJ, be n.ot, is not. Wh.
I. This is a general form, btit
infrequently used. It ie hardlv
to be recognized either as a Nia-
derdale or a Mid- York. form.
The three Whitby pronunciations
ore given above, and these accur-
ately indicate the pronunciations
general to Nidd. and Mid-York.,
tiie short [a] being rarely used
alone in a word, as in tne last
form. Beaut is occasionally
employed in the clothing - dis-
trict, south-west.
Bear [bih'r], a lode ; Nidd.
Beailingpi [bi-h'sliiiz] ; or Beaat-
liiiga [bili'st'linz] ; or Bielinga
[bis'liuz], the fint milk of a
newly-calven cow, usually re-
son'ed for puddings. Wh. Ol,
These forms are heard generally,
but a more common one is beea-
lina [beo-slinz], and in all the
[g] is very frequently heard.
Beb [bebl ; or Bezzle [bezu'll,
T, a. and v. n. to bo constantly
imbibing. Wh. 01. ; gen. The
last term usually implies avidity.
In each word there is an oc-
casional vowel-change from [e]
to[il.
Beek [bek-], a brook. Beok-
Btones rbek-eti-h'nz]. Wh. 01.;
gen. Usually applied to a shal-
low natural stream. A spring
beck; a running beck.
Beolarted [bitlaa-tid] ; or
Beclamad [bitle'h'md], adj.
splashed, or bemired. Wh. 01.;
gen. T^e verb, in each case,
IB also in use actively.
Bedatooks [bed-stoks], bedstead.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Beeskep [bee-skep], a straw or
basket 5«-hive. Wh. OL ; Mid.
Also, a bee-hoppit [bee'-opit].
Beggar - face [beg'iifi'h's (and)
fe'h's (rof.)]; or Beggar - lug
[beg.uluog'J, terms applied, in
mock-anger, to children ; Mid.
A child w^l make the following
insidious nroposition, in colloquy,
BO as to be heard by a parent :
' I 've a eood mind to go aways
and see how our peaches is get-
ting on ' [Aa-v u gi'h'd maand
tu gaan^ uwi'h'z un' sey oo"
uo'ar pi'h'chiz iz git-in aon'].
At which there is the quick re-
{' oinder, on the part of the parent,
lalf angry and half amused: 'I
lays (wager) thou won't, thou
'BtggaxttaS' [beg'urstaaf-l, beg-
gary. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Beka'Tor piiyeh'vur], the pro-
DUnciatiofi of behaviour. Saviour
IIID-TOSKSIIIRE GLOS&tRT.
{•• the onf? other Totd of the dam
umnedutelf ocmniti^ to iii«'
jnory, u Humlirlj tnated by
maof people [^-h'Tor': fen.
Be-mwn [bi-ar.-h'z] r. n. btlfngs ;
Uid. ■ VTho Ui-amt this bun
(child; ■■' [Wrh" Li-ao-h-z dhia-
fceho:-:.
Behlnt [bi-int'], prep, behind.
H"A. 01. ; gen.
Behodden[bi-ai>d-u'n], pp. oTBilj. i
the proDunnatiou of UhotJen. '
H'A. r/(. ; gen. 1
BeUster'd [bilaant'udl ; or Lui-
t«r'd [Uan't'ud], adj. belated.
Wk. Ol. ; fcva. BelAntron'd i
[bilaaD't'runil] ; or liuitren'd
naBU't'ruud'; or Belftutem'd
[biiaant'iTurj ; vr Iituttera'd
[loun-f undj, are also Uid- York.
B«!der [beld'ur], v. n. bellow.
Wh. <ll.; gen. A child that cries
noisily brldtrt.
Belike [bilaajk, bikak], adv.
probably; likely. Wh. Gi.;
gen.
Belk [belk], condition, of body
or temper ; con. ' In great Mi '
[I grih't belk], in a robuat
xtuto of health. ' He 's in great
Wt about it' [Eez-igri-h't belk-
uboot' it-], in great spirita about
it
Belk [belk-], v.a. and v. n.to bask ;
Uid. ' I saw B ha^'Worm, out
of the dike, belki'ng in the laoe '
[Aa UNj'd u aag-waom oot' ut'
Uiia'k bvl'kin i t' luo-h'n].
Belk [t*Ik-], T. n. belch. Wk.
til. ; gen. AUo [bilk'].
Bella«ei [l*lusiz], eb. pi. the
tongruuB ol'laco-up quarter>boot« ;
BeUaven [beloh'vu'n], expres-
kIvii of violuuce in coiicuaaion ;
Mid. ' Thou gives that door
Mliiven, going in nnd out '
[iJlioo giz- dhaat' di'h'r bel--
o'h'vu'n, gaan'in in- un- oot-].
' Gi»e him Mlarrm — 1
if [Gi im- bel-e-h'Tun — i di-
na-nr it-^- gi^^ him a aonnd
beating. Ai:. ,
BeQ-hone [bel-ao-h's]. a Euniliu
title be«toved on any oi ' '
In the dare of packhorses, the
horse that vent farst, and which
wui« bells, wa* called by thia
Bell-houie [beloo-s], beUry.
in. Gl.; gen.
Bellkite [belkaa-t (and) ka'yt].
The usual application of thia
t«rm iM in the way of good-hu- .
monred leproach ; Uid. ' Thou
IttUe bdltiti, get out o' f njod'
[Dhoo- laal bel-ka'yt, git' oot
Belloek [belnk], t. a. to devour;
gen.
Belloking- [bel-ukin], adj. used
in respect of anything very great
in aize; Uid. The object de-
ecribed ia a belloker [bel'ukur].
Belloi [bel-usl. 'As dark as
bdto*' [Uz- daak uz' beluz] is
a proverbial eipfteamon; Uid.
Probably the indefinite article is
Ut bo understood before the word .
Btltoa is the pronunciation of
bfHou.-».
Belly-tunber [beHtimurl, food,
femiliarly. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Bellywark [belivraak], the
belly-ache, or chohc Wtt. 01, ;
gen.
Belt [belt], p. part of build;
gen.
Berril [buril], a wasp-like in-
sect, very troublesome to horses
in theflold; Uid.
Beseybab fhes-ibaab], one fond
of childian amusements. H7i.
Bert-iike [bes'tlaak], adj. a eu-
perlative signifyine comely, or
good-looking. ' That 'a good-
UID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
like; that 'a f better-like : but
that 'bV bett-Iihr' [Dhaata- p'h'd-
laa'k, dhaate' tbet-'u laak, buod'
dhaats' t bes'tlaa'k^l ; gen.
Better [bet-'u], adv. in a better
manuer ; with increased pains ;
gen. 'That dresa has beeo
-washed, and washed, and hftter
washed, and it still looks well.'
An iliuetTBtiun of the word fur-
nished from York, by a lady-cor-
respondent, but heard generally.
[Dhaat' d'ria- ez'biu' wesht-, un-
-wesht-, un- bet'u wesht', un- it-
■Btil- lihka wee-1.]
Bettenn'i [bet-'urinzl, eb. pi.
superiors ; spoken of persona ;
Uid. ' He 'a none so keen of going
among his bttteri'ii'i ' [Eez- ne-h'n
BU kee-n u gaang'in umaang- iz-
■ Bettermost [bet-'umuat-l the
ComparatiTe of better. Used,
also, in the senee of better-to-do ;
gen. ' Are they well off ? ' 'Aye
[yesl, they are of the betlermoit
sort [Aa dhu vee'l aof- dhen- ?
Aay-, dhur- ut- bcjt'urmus-
suo-h't].
Bettermy [bet-'umil ; or Better-
more fbet-'umaoh''], adj. of a
better clasa. 'A Mfermj body,'
B. superior person. Wh. 01. ;
gen,
Betterneu [bet-'unus], amend-
ment. Wh. 01. ; gen.
BetweenwliileB [bitwee-nwaalz],
in the mean fime. Wh. 01.;
gen. Also, Atveenwhiles [Ut-
■weo-nwaa-Iz], and ph-'l ia in
interchange with [ee-]. In each
case, the singular form is com-
Bengh [b:iw] or Bow pwo-l ; or
Bea [bi-h'] ; or Be&f Tbi-hT],
bough ; gen. Bow and Beagh
are the usually spoken forms,
and the refined one [buuw-].
Old people cleave to the last
two exampled, of which [bih'f]
is mostly heard before a con-
sonant.
Beyont [Bi-yuoli-'nt, bi-yaont-,
bi-yaanf-], prep.and adr.boyond.
Wh. 01.: gen. The last pro-
nunciation la nearly confined to
Mid-York. Ayoat is also gener-
ally employed aa a preposition.
'He'eayoiityonder' [Eez'uyaont-
yuoh-'nd'urj.
Bezom [bih'zum], a birch, or
moor-heather broom. ' He 'a as
fond as a ieaim' [Eez- uz- faond'
uz' u bi'h'zum], or icfmn-hcaded
[bi-h'zum-i'h'did], yeiy foohah.
Wh. 01.; gon, Beiom le applied,
too, to a oirty person.
Bid [bid], y. a. to invite ; pp.
bidden, boddes [hid-u'u, baod--
u'n]. Bidder [bid-ur], the per-
son who bid) to a funeral. Wh.
01. ; een. Badden [baadu'n],
p. t. also ; Mid.
Bide [baad], t. a. and t. n. to
abide, or endure ; gen. ' I 're
bidden and bidden it while I
can biJe it no longer ; 1 've swal-
lowed the kirk, but. I can't swal-
low the steeple' [Aa-v bid-u'n
un- baod-u'nt waa'l Aa kun-
baa'dit'nu langur-— Ao-vswaal*-
ud t kaork- oud- Aa' koa-nt
Bwaal-u t ati'h'pul]. Many of
these verbs have various vowel-
changea, aa thia one, for example,
with[beh-'d], [hand'], and [baad-]
inthepaat; and[bidu'n],[baod--
u'n] and [buod~u'n] as perfect
participles. In each case, the
vowel [ao] ia also clearly [o] at
Bide [baayd, baa*d], v. a. and
V. n. to rest, dwell, or tarry.
}n. Gl. ; 8«n.
Bideit'e [haa'dstu], an example of
the enimig common to verba, the
» being always added. The sense
here is bide, or itay thou, impe-
ratively ; the association of the
pronoun begetting the Idiom. So
gangst'e [gaan'atu], lor go thou/
walkst'e [waoh''kstu], for walk
thou ! t. «. go thy way f ' Trem-
bleat'e always in that way when
10
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
there 's a whewt fa slight whistle
— one with breath in it^ besides
the house-door?' [rnm-u^lztu
yaal'us i 'dhaat* wi'h' win* dhuz*
u whiwt* usaa'dz t oos di'h'r],
Do you always tremble in that
way? &G. The idiom is often
increased in the construction of
sentences. 'If thou will gan,
e'en gansf e, but, pray thee now,
bidesfe a bit' [If- dhuo -wil*
gaan* een* 'gaan'stu, bud* pridh*
u noo* baa'dstu u bit*] ; Aud.
Bield [bih*'ld], a cattle or fother-
shed, out in the fields. Wh. 01, ;
gen.
Big [big], v. n. build. Big^gin
ibig'in], a building. Bigger
[big'urj, to grow larger. * It
bigyers of it' [It* big'ua on*t].
Wh, 01,; gen.
Bilk [bilk*], V. a., v. n., and sb.
belcn; gen.
Bilking [bilkin], adj. huge;
gon.
Bill [bil*], V. n. to labour in-
cessantly ; Mid. * Billing at it '
[bilin aat* it*].
Billybiter p>a-i-ba'yt'ur], the
bluecap; gen.
Bing [bingg*] ; or Beng |T>engg*],
Y. a. bang ; gen. The hrst form
is' usually employed after an
auxiliary verb. Bang [baangg*]
is also in use, and is the substaii-
tive form. Bing and Bang are
the rural forms, Beng being the
common one in town dialect
Bin^ [bingg-]. A hing of ore con-
tains eight weighs, a weigh be-
ing a hundredweight ; Nidd.
Bink [bingk*], bench. Wh, 01.;
gen. ^fncA IS heard occasionally,
too, as [binch*].
Binwood [bin-wuod*], woodbine ;
Mid.
Birk [bu-k], birch. Wli, Gl, ;
gen.
Bit [bit-], adj. little; Mid. T
hit bairns ' [T bit* beh'nzj, the
little children.
BitUe and Pin [bitnl un p:i*n],
a hand-substitute for the rolling- •
press, or mangle, for small ar-
ticles ; the hitUe being an instru-
ment of battledore shape; the
pin a roller; the work being
done on a table. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Battle [baat'u'l] is as much-
used a form in Mid- York.
Biv [biv*], prep, by ; gen. Used
before a vowel, or silent A, and
terminating an interrogatiye
sentence when there is an un-
derstood personal pronoun in
connection. ' Thou 's going to
get called oyer t' rolls,' ctdled
to account. * Who hiv f ' [Dhooz*
gaain tu git* kaoh-'ld aowr t
raowl'z. We-h* biv ?] And so
without becomes [bivoot*]. The
usual form of the proposition is
[baa*].
Blackaviz*d [blaak-uvizd*], adj.
dark-yisageoL Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Blade rbH*h'd], leaf; Mid. Often
heard in this sense, referring to
the leaf of a tree. This seems to
be the case, too, in the common
saying, during winter, — * Now,
that there's neither a bUide up
nor down' [Noo* ut* dhuz* naow-
dh'ur u bli-n'd uop* nur doo*n].
Blair [ble*h'r], v. n. to bellow,
or squalL Also as a y. a. to pro-
trude the tongue ; gen. A per-
son is said to blair, too, who
protrudes the eyes. * Don't hlair
your eyes Out at me' [Din'ut
ble*h'r dhi ee*n (or [ih-'n]) oot*
ut- *mey*]. The TVh. 01. has
Hairing, part. a. in the sense
first indicated. See Blear.
Blake [ble*h'k], adj. of a yellow
colour. *As Make as butter'
[Uz* ble*h'k uz* buot-'ur*]. Wh.
01.; gen.
Blanch [blaansh], a large ball-
shaped mass of ore ; Nidd.
Blas^ [blaash*], y. a., y. n., and
MID-YORKSHIRE 0L03SART.
11
eb. to flplBah ; gen. to the county
The word has also a figurativt
use, in the Bense of toiliag slav-
ishly. 'I'll i^A no more foi
more for anybody. Of a hard-
-workiug person it -will be Bald,
that ahe u ' blathing at it from
mom to night' [blaash'in aat*
it" fre'h' Tnuoh' n tu -nee't];
and the woman hereelf will de-
dare, that she may blath herself
' to piecM and t« no bettor
tbongbt of [An' mn blaash' mi-
■en- hi -bits im- bi nu bet 'ur
thaowt' on']. A southern York-
ihirs woman would utter the
same sentence, in her own wa^ .
Blaih ia appUed to water, fami-
liarly, or to anything of a watery
natiue. Weak tea, or poor ale,
is blaih, ta bUuhy, a4j. Wet
weather is said to be bltuAt/, too.
Nonsense is blathy talk, blath,
or bheh-bUuk. aa in the Wh.
01.
Slate [bleb't], adj. bashful ; gen.
Blay [>le-h'], v. n. to bleat ; Mid.
BleatbU-h'] (i. e. blue), adj. a
livia colour, as the fiice with
cold. 'He looks as btea as a
trhetstone' [Be lih'ks oz- bli-
nz- u wet-ston]. Wh. 01. ; gen.
So, also, [hli'h'bnri] for bUbenT.
In the south, too, the phrase, ' as
blue I>l:i-w (and) bLe'w] as a
whetstone,' is common.
Bleak [blih'k], t. n. to talk in
an empty, noisy way; Mid.
Brid^ [brij], V. a. to bate. 'I
never go to that shop; tbey
trt'Afe nought' [Aa- nivuT gaans'
tu dhast' snop ; dhe brij ' naowt]
— bat«, or abridge the price M
Blear [bli-h'r], v. n. the parti-
cipial form blearing ie examplod
in the Wh. 01. ; meaning, ex-
posing one'a-self to cold without
necessary apparel This form is
in genartil use in Nidd. and Mid-
Tork. ; tho verb is not heard.
But blairlng is used with the
same meaning, and the words
merely Buggeat a difference in
pronunciation. The word, too,
conTSys the idea of wilful ex-
posure, or protrusion. A child
might run out on a summei'a
day in full wint«r ooatume, to
see some imosunl object, and the
word would be applied just the
same — that is, to the wilful, ex-
Bleazewip fblih'ewig], applied,
as in the Wh. 01., to one whose
habits do not befit his years;
gen.
Bleb [bleb-] ; or Blob [blob], sb.
and T. n. a bubble; a bbster.
Wh. 01. ; gen. Also bUb [blib-] j
Mid. Town dialect baa blob,
with an occafiional form in blub
[bluob-] (t. n.).
Bleok [blek*'], the oleaginous
matter at the friction points of
machinery. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
len'eom [bl
mixed witi rye. Wh.(
Blendinga [blen-dinz], sb. pL
beans and peas togeUier. Wh.
Ot. : Mid.
Blethering [bledhurinj, loud,
Tulgar talking. Wh. 01.; gen.
The neuter verb bletbar [bledh--
Blia [blin], adj., v. a., and sb.
blind. A pronunciation general
to the county, and appEoablo,
not to a class, but to other simi-
lar words — find, bthind, bind,
dimb, rind, wind, and more, in
which i short is heard.
BlmdybTifif[blin'dibuof], the wild
poppy ; gen. Called, also, a
'popple' [pop-ul].
nk [l" ■ "
Bill! [blis-] V. a. and inter), bless;
Mid. But more used as an in-
terjection than as a rorb, and
12
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
not usually adopted in the par-
ticipial forms.
Blunder [bluon-d'ur], v. a, to
render thick and muddy, as
liquids appear when the sedi-
ment is disturbed. Wh. 01, In
Mid- York, the term is of wider
application, in the sense of mix-
ing, or disarranging. To mix
liquors wrongly is to blunder
them. When unskilful hands
have thrown a clock out of or-
der, in interfering with its me-
chanism, they have blundered it.
Of small shot, of different sizes,
it will be said, * Don't ro and
blunder them pellets* [Dinnit
gaan* un* bluon*d*u dhem' pel*-
its], don't go and mix them.
Blimten [bluon-tu'n], v. a. blunt;
past part, bluntened [bluon't-
u'nd]; Mid.
BlusteronB [bluostVus] ; or Bliu-
tery [bluostYi], adj. olustering.
A weather term. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Bluster is also used as an un-
porsonal verb. *How it does
bluster and blow' [Oo* it* 'dis*
bluos'f ur un* blao'n'].
Blether [bledhur] ; or Bluther
[bluodh-ur] ; or Blither [blidh*-
ur], V. n. Wh, 01. To weep,
in a noisy sobbing way; to
blubber. Also, used substan-
tively, in a jocular manner;
gen. * Thou is making a bluther
of it!' [Dhoo' 'li'z maak'in u
bluodh'ur on* tl. Also with [d']
in place of [dh] in each case.
Bltitherment [bluodh-urment],
mud, slime. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Also figuratively, for uncon-
nected or ridiculous talk.
Bob [bob*], v. a. and sb. to sur-
prise; WA,
Borden [baowdun], v. n. bolden,
to go Doldly. * Borden to him'
[boawdun tiv* im*], go boldly
to him. Wh. 01, ; Mid.
Boggle [bog-u'l]; or Boggart
[bog-utj ; or Boggard [bog-ud],
a hobgoblin. Wh, 01, ; gen.
In this word [ao] may sometimes
be distinguished, but [o] is
usually employed.
Boily [baoyli], babies'-food, of
flour and milk. Wh. 01.; gen.
Usually applied to boiled milk.
• What 's thou going to have for
supper ? ' * I think I '11 have
some boily ' [Waats* tu boon* tu
e fu* suop'ur ? Aa* thingk* aal*
e suom* bao*yli]. When con-
taining broken bread, the mess
becomes * pobs ' [pobz*, paobz].
Boken [buoh-'ku'n], v. n. to
strain, as Boak '[buoh*'k], in
sickness; gen.
Bollar [bol'ur], boulder ; Mid.
Bo lias [baol-us] ; or Bnllas
[buol'us], a small wild plum,
the fruit of the sloe, or black-
thorn. The last form is general ;
the first a Mid- Yorkshire. The
word is the synonym for what
is bright, black, or »our. *As
bright as a bullas ' [Ua* broe*t '
uz* u buol'us], &c.
Bolt [bolt*] (short o), a walled
passage, open at the top; Mid.
in town dialect, giimil [gin'il].
In the north, [guon*il].
Bonnyish [baon-i-ish], adj. com-
paratively bonny. Also, iron-
ically, — * A bonnyish lot * [U
baon'i-ish lot*], a fine lot. Wh,
01.; gen.
Bool [boo*l], V. a., V. n., and sb. the
general northern pronunciation
of bowl. The refined form is
[boaw*l] and [buuwl] (peasants'
refined). These pronunciations
are, too, those of bowl, a vessel,
and are common to both phases of
dialect. [Boo'l, boawl] with
[boaw'l] and [buuw*l] refd., are
also employed substantively for
a hoop. The general town or
southern form of the verb is
[baa'l], refined [baaw'l]. In these
respective phases, the word is
only used substantively of a
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
13
hcopt and not of a wooden 6a//,
as in rural dialect. Bowl, a vu-
8el, is [baowl].
Boon [boo'n]; or Bun [buon*],
bound, t. e, goxng^ in an under-
stood direction. Employed as
an active participle. Wh, 01. ;
gen, *I 's (I 'm) boon myself to-
day' [Aa*z Doo'n misie'l tu di'h*],
going myself to-day.
Bore-troe [bot-'ri, baot-'ri], the
elder; Mid. Wh. 01. I follow
the spelling of this glossary, but
the Mid- Yorkshire Bottery, as
pronounced, and above rendered,
would not be taken for the same
woitl.
Botch [boch% baoch*], a cobbler,
familiarly. Botcn, v. a. to
patch. Wh, 01, ; gen. *Can
you manage to botch my boots
to-morrow r * [Kaan* yi maan'ish
ta boch* maa* bi'h'ts tumuoh'*n ?]
Botchet [boch'it], honey - beer.
Wh. 01, ; Mid,
Botherment rbaod**ument], a
trouble, or difficulty. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Botteiy. See Bore-tree.
Bottle pbot-ul], applied to a
large bundle of short straw;
gen. An old-fashioned portion,
enough to bed a horse up to its
knees.
Bonk [buo-k], bulk ; size. IVh.
01. ; gen. Mostly in use with
Uie last meaning, though fre-
quently with the first. A person
18 described as being of *bouk
an' bane' [buo'k un* be-h'n], of
bulk and bone — big and strong.
Bonnder [booTid'ur], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to bounce. * Don't fling
it— bounder it' [Dih'nt flingg*
it* boo'nd'ur it*], don't throw it
— make it bounce; Mid. Ex-
ampled as a sb. in the Wh. 01.
Bonnder [boo'nd'ur], a landmark,
boundary, wall, or fence. Wh.
01.; Mid.
Bonndsey [buo'nsij, the designa-
tion of a person, of either sex,
who combines a rotund appear-
ance with an unusually active
gait ; gen.
Bow [boo*], V. a. and sb. to bend ;
gen. ^ Bow me that bough'
[Boo* mu dhaat' bi-h'f], bend
me that bough, or branch. [Boo*]
is also the pronunciation of bow,
a weapon ; and of bow, to bend,
as in ordinary use. This form
is, however, in its several senses,
the commonly spoken one, used
in courteous conversation, and
old people invariably employ
[bi'h ]. Bough has, too, both
these pronunciations, and usu-
ally requires the help of a sen-
tence, or of an understood rela-
tion, to distinguish it from bow.
See Beugh. When bend is em-
ployed, the vowel is supplanted
by [i]. The refined form of bmo
is not much used, but when used
is [buuw].
Bowdykite [boawdika'yt* (and)
kaa't], a forward, or saucy
young person. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Bowkers ! [boawkuz], an inter-
jection of mock or real wonder ;
Mid. Also joined to the pro-
noun me. [Boaw'kuz-mey* !]
Bowzy [boawzi], adj. of a jovial,
liquor-liking appearande. Wh.
01.; gen.
Braew [braiw], p. t. of brew ;
Mid.
Brai'd [bre'h'd], v. a. to resemble.
Usually associated with on ; gen.
to the county. Wh. 01. * Thou
brands o' my Lord Mayor's fool;
thou likes aught that 's good '
g)hoo* bre'h'dz u mi Luoh-*d
e'h'z fi'h'l: dhoo laa'ks aow't
utz* gi*h*d].
Brander [braan-d'ur], v. n. to
broil. TTA. (7/.; Mid.
Brant [braant'l ; or Brent [brent-],
adj. steep. Wh. 01.; gen.
Brash [braash*], rubbish. Brashy,
u
MID-YORKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
poor, or inferior. THi. Gl.;
gen.
Braahling [braasli-lin], a weak-
ling. Said of a child, or animal ;
gen.
Brass [braas], money, coin of
any kind. Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Bratted [braat'id], pp. slightly
curdled. Wh, Gl, ; Mid. Brat
[braat*] also, v. n.
Brannging [brao-h'n-jin], adj. of
a huge, coarse appearance. Wh,
GL; gen.
Brave [bre-h'v], adj. fine, ex-
cellent, well-lookine. Bravely
[bre'h'vli], very well — the reply
to the customary * How do you
do?* Wh. GL; gen. Also, sub-
stantively.
Brawn [brao*h*n], boar ; Mid.
Bray [^bre-h'], v. a. to beat, or
chastise ; to pound, as wheat is
brayed, to prepare it for boiling.
Wh. GL ; gen. to the county.
Bread [bri-h'd]; or Brai'd
[bre'h'd], V. a. to resemble; gen.
The last is the refined form.
Both forms are associated in use
with oHf as a following word.
Bree [bree
or firea
eye-6roM;
; or Brew [briw] ;
bri'h'], brow, as m
ee- brill']. The first
and last forms are general ; the
second is a Nidderdale form.
The pronunciation of brow, in
pause, is [broo*], generally.
Breed [bree-d], breadth. Breeds
[broe-dz], breadths. * It 's about
the size of my thumb, and the
breed of my hand* [Its* uboo't
f buo*k u mi thuom* un* t bree'd
u mi aan']. 'A brick o' breed*
!XJ bri'k u breed], a brick of
in) breadth. The swathes made
by mowers are caUed breeds.
[Brih'M] is also occasionally
heard from old people, the vowel
in this case being snort ; gen.
Breeks [brceks*], breeches. Wh.
GL; gen.
Brekin [brek-in], a portion of a
tree with diverging branches,
such as is often to be found on
the ground; Mid, The Wh.
GL has * Breekin, the natural
forked division of a tree,' which
seems to imply merely the na-
tural appearance of the lower
part of tne tree itself.
Bre'kly [brekli], adj. brittie ;
Mid. Poor, dry straw is said to
be mushy and bre*kly [muosh'i
un* brek'li], friable and brittle.
Brekens [brck'u'ns], ferns ; gen.
Brian [braayunl. When it is
necessary to clean out a fire-
place, and yet to retain a re-
siduum of tne burning fuel, this
residuum is called the brtan; gen.
Boilers, * set-pots ' (open boilers,
set in brick), and large ovens,
with the fire-grate underneath,
are usually brianed, for conveni-
ence.
Brig [brig*], bridge. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Brist [bris'tl breast ; gen. ]^ot
pronounced according to rule
m relation to this class of word*
Brizzle [briz'u'l] ; or Brnzzle
[bruoz'u'l], V. a. to scorch, near
to burning; to broil; Brussle
[bruo8'u'l|), to bum slightly, or
singe; Mid.
Broach [bruo*h*ch], a steeple, or
spire. Mil. GL ; Mid.
Brook
Brock
brok"
, a badger ; gen.
brok*], the cuckoo-spit in-
sect found on green leaves in an
immersion of froth. * I sweat
like a Itrock* [Aa* swi*h*t laa*k
u brok'l Wh. GL; gen. It is
usual, out optional, to add the
« to sweat, as to all common
verbs, by inile.
Brog [brog-], v. n. and v. a. to
browse, from place to plac«, as
cattle. Wh. GL ; Mid. The
term is also personal in applica-
tion. *I shall go to no more
mid-torkshire glossary.
15
stattiB (stfltute-birings) ; I shall
brog at home' [Aa- oul- goon- tu
nu me'li'r etaatiz; Aft- au'l'
brog- ut- •yaam],
Bn^WOOd [brog-wnod], brush-
wood; bat more particularly the
tmdergTDwthB on irhich cattle
feed, or browse ; Mid.
Brou [brao-] ; or Brea [bri-h'J,
brother ; gen. ' He 'a going to
Thirsk, to see his bria' [Kez-
eaa-in ta Thuoak', tu seo' iz'
bri-h'].
Brow [bii'h', broo], a hill ; gen.
Biowl [bTaowl], a lack-umuners;
Uid.
Browl [broo'l, braowl], ab. and
T. n. Applied to a gruJf, noisy
■tate of temper; gen. 'Ooing
hrowling about in tliat f>a'te
(way) — t' man 's no hold of liim-
■elf' [Qoan-in brcwlin uboof
i -dbaat' ^'h't — t maan'z ne'h'
loh-'d u izoea']. Here there
are two fonus suggeetire ot the
diatinctiTe character of town and
rural dialect. The two pro-
nonciationB indicated obtain in
nital dialect ; and in town dialect
there are two othera— [Tiraawl]
and rbraa'll. Those dietinctioaa
are Iboilizea in their pairs, and
temain a hard-and-fut feature
of respectJTe phaees.
Bradder [bruod'ur] ; or Brither
[bridl-ur], brother. The first
form is geneml, and the last an
oocasional Mid-Yorkshire one.
Brou (see), howeTSr, is the fa-
miliar one, generally.
Bminmels [bi^^ni'vlz] ; or Bnm-
melkita* Jhuomnilka y -ts] .hedge
blackbemee. Brummel-noaed
[bruorn'ol - nuo'h'zd], said of
a person who has the toper's
purple noae. Wh. 01. Both
these terms are heard in Uid-
the sabstantiTea have a sLng^ulai
Bnm [bruoD-], adj. brown ; Mid.
Brant [bruoiit'], adj. precipitous.
Also, in regnrd to personal ad-
dress. Wh. 01. ; Mid. ' A bruiit
hill' [U bruont- ill-]. 'He is
over brunt for some folk (too
abrupt for some people), but one
likes him no worse for it ' [Bez-
aow'h'r bruont' fu suom' fuo'h'k,
but' yaan- laa'ks im' na waa's
fut'].
BmntUng [braontlin], adj, ap-
plied to a robust, brisk person,
with manners which are greatly
in one's way ; Mid. ' A great
bruiitling fellow— he 'd shift a
horse, by the look of him ' [U
gri'h'tbruon'tlinfel'u, ee'd shift'
u -aos- hi t li-h'k on- im-].
Bnu'enhearted [bmoBu'noa-tid
(and) eh'tid], adj. heart-broken.
Alf<o heart-bma'en [oa'tbruoa'
u'n], Wh, 01.; gBU. Brua'en,
burtt, is a constituent of many
compounds, and is more employ-
ed in a simple form than tiia
Bnu'enkite [bruos-n'nkaat (and)
ka'yt (ref,)]; or Brua'enguta
[hruoB'u'nguots], a glutton ; gen.
Bmst [bruosf], v. a. and v. n.
burst ; gen. to the county. Wh,
Gl. Brua'en [bruos'u'nj is also
put to the use of an active verb.
The past tenses, in each case,
are Tbruost-] and [braaat-] ;
[hruos-u'n] and [bros-u'n]. In
rural dialect [broet'] and [braos'-
u'n] are additional past forms.
Brua [hruoz-], v. a. and sb.
bruise ; gen. ' Thou 'e gotten a
bonny ("fine," or "sad ) braz'
(Dhooz- git-u'n u baoci bruoz-].
Bub [buob-] ; or Babi [buobi-] ;
or Barebuba [be'h'buobs-], a
young naked bird of any kind;
gen.
Bnok [buok-], a roe ; gen.
16
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Bucker [buok*ur], an ore-crush-
ing, or sand-hammer; Nidd.
Budge [buoj-l V. imp. to swell ;
Mid. * Look how it *8 budging
up!' ['Li'h'k oo* its buojin
uop'].
Bulls [buolz*], sb. pi. the spiked
timbers of a harrow ; gen.
BulLieg [buol'seg], a castrated
bull. tH, Gl. ; gen.
BuUspinkTbuol'spingk], the chaf-
finch. Wh, GL ; gen.
BuUstang [buol-staang], the
dragon-fly. Wh, GL; gen. Also
Bulltang [buol'taang] ; Mid.
Bnlsh [buoLsh*], v. a. and sb. to
indent, or bruise, without mak-
ing a breach, as a plastered wall
may be bulsh'd^ or hulshed in, by
a blow of the foot ; Mid.
Bumble-bee [buom-ul-bec], the
wild hornless bee. Wh, GL ; gen.
Bumle [buom*u*l], a state of
awkwam bustle ; Mid.
Bun [buon*], a reed growing in
hedgerows, and used for candle-
speUs ; gen.
Bunch [buonsh'], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to kick. Wli. GL ; gen.
Limited in application to persons,
and not employed figuratively,
as a simple verb.
Bunchclot [buonsh *tlaot], a clod-
hopper. yVh, GL ; gen. Not
much used, but known quite
well. A * gauvey,* or gawky
specimen of rusticity, is a 16an-
gaper nuo*h'n-geh*'pur], lane-
gaper ; Mid.
Bur [buor*, baor*l, v. a. and sb.
to maintain an oDJect in position
by blockage or leverage, as the
wheel of a vehicle is burred with
a stone, or a partially raised
weight is burred up from the
ground with a crowbar ; gen.
Burdenband [baodoinbaan], a
hempen hay-band. H^. GL ;
Mid.
Burl [bu-1], V. a. and v. n. to
pour; gen. At a tea-table, it
will be asked : * "Who 's going
to be the burler-out ? ' rWe-h'z
gaa'in tu hi t bu'lur-oot* P] A.S.
byrelian.
Bum [baom*, buom'J, a consider-
able orook, or stream. Wh, GL ;
Mid. The verb to bum is pro-
nounced pwn' (and) baon*], but
in the substantive exampled the
[r] is invariably heard.
Bum-fire [bu*n-faayr, bun'faayr],
bon-fire. One or other of these
forms would be what a stranger's
ear would encounter in South
Yorkshire. But the form proper
to the dialect due south is
bone-fire [buo'h'n-faajrr]. In
the south-west, the term is, in
the Halifax district, bun-fire
Sbuon'faayr] ; and in the Hud-
ersfield [buon'faoyr]. In Mid-
Yorks., and gener^ly north, the
terms are bun-fire [ouon-faa^r]
and bon-fire [baon'f aa* r]. * Baon ,
in the last word, at once suggests
bum, [ao] short displacing the
Hin words of this class, by
e. Li the north-west of the
coimty, the form is b^an-fire
[brh'n-f:aa*yr]. * Bi'h'n' is the
pronunciation of bone, as in the
north generally. In refined
rural dialect, there is a change
again to [bao'n-feyr].
Bum-lit-on't ! [baonlitont*], an
imprecation, usually without
more meaning than is associated
with a passing ebullition of tem-
per. Wh, GL ; gen.
Busk [buosk'l, v. n. to hurry a
departure ; Mid. * Now, come,
busk ! ' [Noo, kuom, buosk*],
be off !
Busk [buosk*], bush ; Nidd.
Butter-bump [buot'u-buomp], a
buttercup; gen.
Buttersoot [buot*'nskaot1, a sweet-
meat, compounded of treacle,
sugar, and butter. Wh. GL ; gen.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
ir
Bnxzard [buoz*udJ) one addicted
to a state of cowardly affright;
gen.
Bychanoe [baa*chaans], an unex-
pected occurrence ; gen.
Byelaw [baalao-h*, baaiao**].
Some years ago, an old bellman
and his wife were wont to per-
form the round of a north-riding
Tillase (Tollerton> near Easing-
wold), and make the following
announcement, in giving notice
of a parish-meeting, where the
oyerseers* business was trans-
acted. But, first, the man rang
his beU, after which proceeding
the old lady blew a horn, and
then came the announcement,
made by the former: *0, yes!
O, yes ! — this is to gi*e n6atiage !
Awe', aweay to f Bahlaw, to t*
Sk^-hoose, at seven o'clock to-
neet ' [Ao'h* yis*, aoh' yis* I —
dhis* is* tu gi nuo'h'tij ! Uwi',
uwi'h' tu t baa*lao"h', ti t* ski-h'l-
006', ut* sivu'n utlok'tu neet*],
O, yes ! 0, yes ! this is to give
notice ! Away, away to the Bye-
law, to the School-house, at
seven o'clock to-night.
Bygang [baa-gaang, baaygaang],
bjrpath. Wh, GL ; gen.
By Ctok [baa- Gok- (and) Gaoli'-k],
a petly oath; gen. in the two
forms. I Goclu [I Gok's] is also
heard, less frequently, with the
occasional emphatic rendering of
the pronoun [:Aa*y].
Bynames [baa'ni"h'm2], sb. pi.
These, attaching to persons, are
a feature of the manufacturing
district, and especially of the
clothing- villages. But the prac-
tice of conferring bynames pre-
vails more generally in the rural
localities. Jjideed, almost every-
thing and everybody is maae
subject to custom in this way,
but with no harmful feeling. The
village is known by a byname;
the church, chapel, or meeting-
bam, have their homely equiva-
lents in such phrases as *■ t* aud
hoose,' — the olid house ; * t' aud
pl^ace,' — the old place ; and
others less favourably expressive :
the hall, and various particular
dwellings, have their bynames;
the fields about have all names
of their own, expressive of situ-
ation, size, character, or, what is
most common, some traditionary
association; the people collect-
ively have their fcywamc to others
of the neighbouring villages;
and very many people are known
individually by other names than
those their sponsors in baptism
may be considered as accountable
for. There is an authentic and
curious list of old rural bynames
preserved in connection with the
muster-rolls of the Dales' Volun-
teers, who were up in arms at
the beginning of the present cen-
tury, for some account of which
see the Preface, where further
illustrations of bynames will be
found.
By now [binoo*], adv. by this
time. JVh. GL ; gen.
By-past [baay (and) baa'paast],
adj. bygone. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Byre [baayh'rl, a cowhouse, or
* mistal ; * Mid.
Bystead [baa-sti'-h'd], usually ap-
plied to a distinctively-featured
Djrway, as one which is paved,
used by vehicles, or flanked at
intervals by some kind of struc-
ture; gen.
Cadge [kaaj*], v. a. and v. n. to
beg; Mid. A word used pecu-
liarly. One going with com to
grind y is taking it to cadge, A
* cadgin^-mill ' is a miller's, or
flour-null, and a miller not only
a * badger,' but also a * cadger.'
In the Leeds dialect cadge has
a primary meaning, to beg, and
a secondary one, to steal. The
country word * cadger,' for wi/7-
ler^ may be of recent and per-
2
18
UID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSART.
liaps a limnoroiu origin. It is
erroaeous to suppose that a to-
cabulory is never added to. See
B«lloa. Words degcriptive of
character, and eapecially words
dsacribiDg tlie moTemeDt of ob-
jects, eometimes seem to be
evolved in common couTereation.
Caff [kaaf], T. n. to rue 1 gen.
' Caff - hearted ' [kaaf- - Ba-lid
(and) e'h'tid], chicken-hearted.
Cagmag [kaaginasg], eh. and
adj . refuse ; any worthless ma-
terial Used, aJso, of persons,
contamptuously 1 gen.
Caxment [kaag-ment (and) mint],
ab. sing, and plur. Applied to
people who are in any way of a
diareputable character ; Mad.
Cai'njy [keh'nji], adj. discon-
tented ; BOUT ; cross-tempered.
Wh. 61. ; gen.
Cake [keh-'k], v. n. cackle. Wli.
Gl. ; Mid.
Call [kao-h'I], V. a. to abuse ; gen.
to the county. W\. 61. The
word means, also, to Kold. A
sentence of intarrogatiTe and
reprimand, such as is on the
iips of mothers many times a
day, is regarded as a ' calling '
medium. This form becomes a
substantive, and has often a
added when directly signifying
a KtHding or abute. so, too, witn
cnll, a childran's substantive,
which is beard as caih [kao'h'Iz].
Callin'-band [kaal'in-baand] ; or
Cal-band Tkaal-baand], the
guard or safety-band attached
to young children ; gen.
Callit [kaalitj, sb. and t. o.
gostdp ; Mid.
Cam [kaam-], a rise of hedge-
ground; gen. ' Cam-side' [kaam-
Canny [kaann], adj. exact; me-
thodical ; careful ; fair-dealing ;
nice in appearance ; or nicely
proportionate ; gen. Canny in-
dividuals are little, brisk, and
clean - looking. Among the
crockery kept lor show in a par-
lour cupboard, a sugar-basin is
sometimes met with, having the
jocular inscription, 'Be canny
Canty [kaanti], adj. brisk, lively.
Wh. GL; gen.
Cap [kaap'], t. a. to enrprise ; to
crown, or consummate ; gen. ' I
was fair capt' [Aa- wur" fe'h'r
kaspt'l, qmte surprised. ' Well,
now, that's a capper' [Weel,
noo, dhaats' u kaap'ur], a thing
to be surprised at ' That 's a
capptr' [Dhaats* a kaap'ur], a
OFOwner, in the way of argu-
ment. ' That capt him ' [Dhwit-
kaaps' im'], surprises him.
' Thiat 'a the capper of the lot,
however ' [Dhaats- t kaap-nr ut'
lot', oo-ivnir], must bear the
palm for size, quality, dispoei-
lion, or whatever is under allu-
C8vper[kaap-ar],anextin^islier;
■W
Card[k8-h'd,k«i'i](ref.),v.a. To
' card up ' a heartJiBtona is, in
a strict way of speaking, merdy
to separate and remove the ashes
and cinders, and involves no
further labour. A motber wilt
tell a child to 'card up, ready
for sweeping ; ' and when the
refuse is raked up, although
the floor be covered with dust,
the 'cording' is completed. This
limited sense of the word is
quite understood, although it ia
expanded in common use, and to
'card up' a room means, to put
it generally to rights. It is usual
to associato the adverb with the
verb, but the latter is often used
. alone ; gen.
Ca'ker [kaakur], the binding of
iron on a clog-sole. A miners'
term ; Nidd.
Carl [kaa-1), a fooUsb, ignorant
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
19
person. Wh. Gl. Cliiefly heard
in Mid-Yorks.
Carl [kaa'l], v. n. and sb. gossip ;
Mid.
Carlings [kaa'linz], sb. pi. grey
peas. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Carly [kaa*li], adj. unmannered ;
Mid.
Camy [kaa'ni], v. n. and v. a. to
entreat; gen. One of the say-
inff class of words. Where, in
ordinary English, it would be
said, that a person * lingered in
the endeayonr to persuade ' an-
other to some act, the words be-
tween inverted commas are, in
the past of the verb, understood.
* He *camied about him for ever
so long ' [Ee kaa'nid uboo't im*
fur* ivur su laang*].
Carr FkaaT], a low-lying place,
usually land between ridges;
Wh, GL ; Mid.
Cat-CoUop [kaat'kaolup], the in-
meat belonging to a pig ; gen.
Cathaws [kaat'ao"z, kaat*aoh'z],
sb. pi. the fruit of tiie hawthorn.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Ca^ng pcaat'jnog], the berry of
the wild, or dog-rose tree ; Mid.
CatVhelp [kaat*welp], a kitten.
Wh. QL; Mid. And, Kitling
[kit'lin] generally.
Catwhin [kaat'win], the herb
* setwall, or valerian ; gen.
Canmeril pcao'h'mu'ril] ; or Gan-
meril [gao*h'mu*ril], a crooked
stick, having a series of notches
at each end, and used for ex-
panding the legs of slaughtered
animala Wh. GL ; gen.
CauTe [kao'hVl, v. a. to gravitate
in mass, as a bank of soft lumpy
soil will do ; gen.
Cav' [kaav], cave, cavern; Mid.
Cave [ke*hV, kihV], v. a. to tilt,
or overturn ; gen.
Caw [kaoh'*], v. n. and sb. to
breathe hard and imperfectly, as
when contending with internal
pain ; gen. * IIo suffers a deal ;
he can't get his breath ; he does
nought but caw^ [Ee suofuz u
di'h 1 ; i kaa'nt git* iz* bri'h'th ;
i diz' naowt* bud* kao'V]. * One
can hear his cawa all over the
house ' [Yaan* kun* i'h'r iz" kao'h'z*
yaal* aowh*' t oo's].
Cazzons [kaaz-unz], sb. pi. dried
cow-dung; gen. It is used as
fuel by the very poor. Where
peat can be had, as on the moors,
it is in very ^neral use, and
its cutting, dying, and stacking
forms a chief occupation in the
summer-time.
Cess [ses*], V. a., v. n., and sb.
to rate, or assess. In very com-
mon use, and general to the
county.
Cess [ses*, sis*], v. a. and sb. to
chastise vigorously. *I'll ceas
thee ! ' ['Aal ses* dhu]. I '11 give
it you ! * Thou 11 get some ce%s
yet ! ' [Dhiuo'l git* suom* ses*
•yit*], a threatful intimation of
deservings; gen.
Cess [ses-], a disturbance ; gen.
Chaff [chaaf*], v. n. and v. a. to
choke up, with reference to the
respiratory organ ; Mid. An
asthmatical person will say, *The
bit of fog this morning fair
chaffed me up ' [T bit* u faog* dhis*
mao*h'nin fe'h'r chaaft* mu uop*l
The figure is intelligible enough
inside a bam, where a flail is at
work.
Chaff [chaaf *] ; or Chaft [chaaft*] ;
or Caff [kaaf*]. The upper jaw,
or chap, of an animal; gen.
*Pig-ca/' [pig*-kaaf*].
Chaff [chaaf*], v. a. to chafe, or
galL Wh. GL ; Mid.
Chander [chaan'd'u], chaldron ;
Mid.
Channels [chaan*ulz], a distor-
tion of challenge ; Mid.
Chap [chaap*], V. n. and v. a. to
buy and sell, in a chance way .*
20
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Mid. 'The last I saw of him he was
chippiDg and chapping about at
Barnaby * [T laast* Aa* seed* on*
im* i wur* chipin un* chaap'in
uboot* ut* Baa'nubi], was job-
bing about at Barnaby, the great
Fair held at Boro'bridge, com-
mencing on St Barnabas' day.
Chass [chaas'l, hurry. Wh. 07, ;
Mid.
Chat [chaat*], ore and stone to-
gether ; Nidd.
Chatter [chaat-'url, a tatter.
' Her gown was all in chatters *
[Ur* goo'n wur yaal* i chaat-'uz*].
Chawle [chaavu'l], v. a. and v. n.
to chew imperfectly. Wh. GL ;
Mid. A horse is also said to
chawle when biting the bit.
Cheat [chi-h'tl; or Sly-cake
[slaay* (and) slaa* - ki'h'k (and)
KC'h'k], cakes consisting of an
upper and lower portion , with
finiit between. Wh, Gl, ; Mid.
Chet fchet'], breastmilk. Wh.
Gl. ; Mid.
Chevy [chivi], sb. and v. a. to
chase ; Mid. * He led me a bonny
ifine) chevy ^ [Ee led* mu u
>aon'i chivi]. * Chevy - chase'
[Chivi-chih'*s], a running pur-
suit.
Chimla [chim'lu], chimney ; gen.
Chimpings [chim-pinz], sb. pi.
applied to grain in its earliest
st^ge of dressing, but most iisu-
ally to oatmeal. Also, to cum-
brous particles of any kind, as
to wood when hacked or minced
on the surface ; Mid.
Chip [chip*], V. a., v. n., and sb.
to trip, or cause to stumble. Wh,
Gl, ; Mid. Also, to step along
nimbly, * Yonder she goes, chip-
ping alon^' [Yaoh*'n'd'u snu
gaangz* chip'in ulaang'].
Chip [chip*], V. a., v. n., and sb.
to chap. Wh, Gl. ; gen. to the
county. Chop [chop*] is, too,
very generally heard in rural
dialect.
Chizzel [chizil], bran. Wli. Gl. ;
Mid.
Chock [chok*], Y. a. and sb. to
wedge ; gen.
Chub [chuob*], sb. and v. n. a
wood-log; gen. The lads of a
yi^^ go * a-chubbing ' [u-chuob *-
in] in preparation for bonfire
night, the fifth of November.
So, too, before Christmas, for the
wood which is to make the Yule-
log.
Chubs [chuobz*], sb. pi. briar-fmit,
of the hard berry kmd. A generic
term; Mid.
Chuff [chuof*], adj. expressive of
a state of hilarious satisfaction,
whether outwardly exhibited or
not ; to be gratified at the bottom
of one's self; gen. to the county.
In connection with proverbial
phrases, the word is, in many
instances, meaningless. In such
as, ' As chuff as a cheese ; ' * As
chuff as an apple ; ' * As chuff as
two sticks ; * and in the coarse-
mouthed person's *c^tijfasblazes,*
there is nothing more than vul-
gar humour, which was never
meant to be imderstood.
Chunter [chuon-t*ur], v. n. to
murmur. Wh. Gl. ; gen,
Cinderwig [sin-d'uwig], a name
bestowed upon an ill-natured,
niggardly person ; Mid.
Cla^ [tlaag*], v. n. to adhere, to
chng, or cleave to. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. Cleg [tleg*] is the name
of a large grey fly, which tor-
ments cattle. * Sticks like a cleg
of (on) a windy day * [Stiks* laa'k
u tleg" uv* u win*d'i di*h']. In
town dialect, the verb acquires
the pronunciation of this sub-
stantive very generally.
Claggumrtlaag'um], treacle-toffee ;
Mid. When rolled into sticks,
for sale, they are ' treacle-sticks '
[t'ri-htu'l - stiks]. The Leeds
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
21
juyenile calls them 'rolls of
sucker ' [r.ao'wlz u suok'ur].
Clai*k [tleh*'k], the pronunciation
of cloak ; Mid.
Cla*ke [tle-h'k], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to claw, or * clawk ; ' Mid.
Clam [tlaam*], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to hunger; gen. Only in verv
occasional use in this sense, and,
substantiyely, very slightly. The
usual meaning of the word is, to
be parched with thirst. With
this meaning there is, too, a
slight substantiye use of the
word.
dame. [tie 'h*m], v. a. to cause to
adhere ; to spread, or smear.
Wli. Gl. ; gen.
Clammy [tlaami], adj. sticky.
Wh. OL; gen.
Clamonome [tlaam 'usum], adj.
clamorous. Wh, Gl, ; gon.
Clamp [tkamp]; m' Clomp
[tlaomp'j, V. n. to pace with a
clattermg noise ; gen.
Clamper [tlaam 'pur], v. a. and
sb. to daw. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Clan [tlaan*], a cluster, or gather-
ings ; a large group. Wh, Gl, ;
Mid.
Clart [tlaa-t], v. a. and sb. to
smear. Also, figuratively, for
deceit, or hollow talking. Ap-
plied, also, to a worthless artic^,
or person. Clarty, adj. dirty,
or uattemly. A housewife is in
the midst of * clarty deed * when
at work on the fire-irons with
greasy cloths and polishing dust.
An assembly of disreputable
persons is referred to as a
clartment [tlaatment] ; gen.
Clash [tlaash-], a heavy falL W?i,
Gl, ; gen. Clash, also, meaning .
common or newsy talk, as in
, the Wh, Gl,, and employed as a
sb. and v. a. ; Mid. Clashing,
sb. a severe shaking, or concus-
sion, as in the Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Clat [tlaat], sb. and v. n. to
prate noisily; gen. 'None of
thy cl(tt, there. Lass.' * I wasn't
cMting* [Ne'h'n u dhi* iilaat'
dhi'h', 'lass. Aa* *waaz*u'nt
'tlaatin].
Clatter [tlaat*'ur], v. a. and sb. to
beat with the open hands ; gen.
to the coimty.
Clan'm [tlao-h'm], v. a. to seize,
and cling to. Wh, Gl. ; Mid.
Clayver [tlaavurl, v. n. and v. a.
to clamber; Mid. 'Clamber'
[tlaam'ur] is also employed,
generally.
Clawer [tlaavur], sb. A rabble-
like heap of people. Wh, Gl,;
Mid. Speaking of a procession,
it will be said, that the persons
composin&s it went orderly to
begin with, but * were i' dawera
at t' end on 't ' [wur* i tlaavuz
ut* t ind* ont*], became a rabbly
throng at the end of it.
Clawt [tlaoh*'t], v. a. to claw
in an mdecisive quick manner;
Mid.
Cleats [tli-h'ts], sb. pL coltsfoot ;
gen.
C16az [tli-h'z] ; or Cl&az [tle-h'z] ;
or C16az [tluoh**z]; or Clau'z
rtlaoh-'z], sb. pi. clothes; gen.
The first is strictly the northern,
and the third the southern form.
The second is most used. The
last is the refined form in use.
Cled [tied-], pp. clad. Wh. 01;
Mii
Cletch [tlech'l. A brood, as of
chickens; also, a section of a
party. IVh, Gl, ; gen.
Cleugh [tliw-]; orClnfe [tliwf-],
a narrow rocky pass, or glen.
Wh, 01. ; gen. CUaf [tmi-'f]
is also a general form.
Click [tlik*], V. a., v. n., and sb.
to snatch. Wh. Gl. ; gen. * It 's
bad clicking butter out of a
dog's throat ' [It's baad* tlik'in
buot''ur oot* uv u dogz' thri'h't].
'Bagged folks and fine folks
i
22
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
there 's always a clicking at *
[Baagd* fuo'h'ksun* faa*n fuo'h'ks
dhiiz' yaal'us u tlik'in aat*].
Click [tlik*], a familiar term
amongst nunern for money cam*
ed or gained in addition to re-
gular wages ; Nidd.
Click [tlik*], V. imp. to shrivel.
But usually employed with the
adverb * up * — ^to * click up/ as in
the Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Clicket [tlik'it], a large wooden
salt-box, with a sloping lid, on
hinges, and made to hang against
the wall ; gen.
Clinch [tlinsh*], v. a. dutch.
Also, in the sense of sudden con-
tact, as in the Wh. GL *I
clinched wi' him anent t* fold-
gate ' [Aa* tlinsht* wi im* iment*
t fao'h'd-yaat*], I came in con-
tact with him against the fold-
yard gate ; Mid.
Clipper [tlip'ur], one of the Lest.
Wh, GL ; gen. to the county.
Not much used by old i)eople,
but always on the tongues of the
yoimger. *A clijtper to go* [U
tlip'ur tu gaang*], a fine one
to go. *ne has got a clipper
for his gaffer* [Eoz* gitu*n u
tlip'ur fur* iz* gaaf'urj ; which
may be taken to mean, either
that he has got the best or the
worst of persons for his master ;
but the term does not usually
convey irony. Clipping [tlipinj,
adj. * A clipping lot,* a fine lot.
Clippers [tlip-uz], scissors. Also,
occasionally denoting shears ;
gen.^
Cliwis [tlivis], a spring-hook.
A miner's term ; Nidd.
Clock [tlaok*], the downy head
of a dandelion. Possibly a figur-
ative appellation, having its ori-
gin among children, who, in
their play, pluck the plant, at
this stage of its growth, to blow
away the down, in order to toll
* whit o'clock * it is. This is done
by repeated efforts, and the time
of day is reckoned by that last
breatn which releases the last
particle of down ; gen.
Clock [tlaok'1 ; or Clocker [tlaok*-
ur], a beetle ; gen. The watch-
man-heetle gets the name of * fly-
m^'docker [fleedn-tlaok'ur],
Clodder ftlod'ur]; or Clotter
[tlot'*urj, a stiff curdle; gen.
•That's crudded (curdled), but
this is all of a dotter ' [Dnaat's
'kruodid, bud* dhis* iz* *yaal* u u
-tlot'^ur]. Clod and Clot are
employed as verbs neuter with
this meaning.
Cloddy fclod-i], a^j. applied to
living ODJects with a short, thick-
set, neshy appearance ; Mid.
Close [tluo'h's] adj. near, or parsi-
momous ; ^n. Close-ndaved
[tluo-h's - m*h'vd], dose - fisted.
This is the common pronuncia-
tion, but old people, mvariably
employ [tli'h'sj generally, and
[Ue-h*s] in Mid-York.
Clot [tlot*], clod; gen. In the
common proverbial phrase, *A3
cold as a dot * [TJz* ]uu>*h*d uz* u
tlot*], the article is often dis-
pensed with, [Uz* kao'h'd uz'
Uot-.]
Clour [tluo'h'r], a swelling on the
head, raised by a blow of any
kind. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Clout [tloot], V. a. and sb. to
beat. Wh. GL; gen. to the
county. Usually restricted in
meanmg to beating with the
hand, and about the head. An
angry mother often pounces on
the dishcloth, as the likeliest
thing to hand, wherewith to
chastise a child, and, when this
is the case, it is permissible to
say that the child is being
* clouted all over* [tloot 'id yaal*
aow'h'r], the doth being a clotd.
Or, when a mother snatches the
cap off the head of her offspiing,
for an angry purpose, then
the clouting may be of a general
UlD-YOaiCaHlItE QLOSSARY.
23
character too. A mother's lib-
eral bat precise inetmotioits to
the Tillage pedagogue, with re-
spect to a ' tareetm ' of a child
—one of an incorrigible diq>oai-
tum — are, that the child 'may
be douttd well, but not hit witti
anything' [mu bi tloot'id wee'l,
bnt' nit' 'it-u'n wi naowt'].
Clow [tlaow], T. a., T. n., auJ sb.
to work at a prsflBure, toiling with
the hand. Glower [tiaownir],
a Tigorous worker with the hands.
There is always implied, in the
YCTb and BubstanttTe alike, a
Bcrambllug, well-meant activity
— an induatiious ' tooth - and-
nail' attack upon the work in
hand. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Clovolaili [tloo' (and, ref.) tlaow-
tlaash'J, a state of confusion of
things. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Cloy [tlaoy], ' Ah drunk aa clinj '
[Uz- d'ruongk' uz- tlaoy]. ff'A.
Ol. An ezpreeeion conatantly
h^^ in Mid-York, too, and
also in the Leeds district.
Clubby [tluobi], a short oi club-
Btdck;^d.
Clue [tliw], a ball of string.
H^. 01. : gen.
Clam [tluom*], adj. moist and
adheaire, as old moas in a flower-
pot; Ifid.
Clnther [tluodhiir] ; or Clodder
[tlod-'url, T. n., v. a., and
Bb. to cluster. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Olnthvrment [tInod''ument], a
collected rabble, or throng, about
any object. Oludder [tluod''ur1
is also a form of the Torb, used
Kaerally. ' There wur (was) a
nny [fine] duddtr of folks'
[Dhu wur' u baon'i tluod''ur u
fuo-'h-ks],
Co' [kuo-], T. n. conw. Tliis
usage, frequent in the mining-
dt^es, in respect to this and other
difTerent words, as uiool [wuo'],
ait [aoh''], wall [wooh'^, call
[kaoh''], AC., is unknown in
Uid-Torkshire, and the aouth,
apart from Craven.
C6at fkuoh't, kwuoh't]. Old
people frequently use this word
for gown [goo'n], the more gener-
al term. The younger genera-
tion coosidet the usage droll;
Mid.
Cobble [kaob-u'l]; or Cob [kaob-],
sb.,T.a. andr.n. A paving- stone
§one or other of these names
I cob-, or cobble - atone
b--st«--h'n, kaob'ul-ste-h'n]),
these Are comntonly applied
to sfones naturally rouudea, and
of which, indeed, country paving-
stones usually oonsiHt. Cobble,
T. a. and t. n. to stone. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Cobblft-tree [kaobul-free- (and)
tfrih-'l, a trace-iod of any kind;
gen.
Cobby [Icaob-i], adj. healthy and
cheerful; in good spirits. Wh.
61.; gen.
Cob-hole [kaob-uo-h']], a place
too small ft>i any ordinary pur-
pose is so etif^atized; Mid.
' It 's such a little cob-holt as
nBTBT was seen, and fit for no-
body to live in' [Ite- saak u
laatu'l -kaobuo-hl V2- -nivu
waa Bili''n, un' fit' fur' *neh''-
bdi tu liv in'].
CoekliKht [kokleet'], used, fami-
liarly, to denote the dawn of
day, or the time of cook-OTOW-
ing. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Cod [kaod], pod. Wh. Gl.;
Mid.
Coddle [kaodu'l], T. a. to roast
fruit, «c, as apples, and shelled
beans. When the latter crack,
they are wkWM; Mid.
Coddy [kaod'i], adj. applied to
any little thing; gen. A ' coddy-
f^al'Tkaod'ifih'l] isaUttle foaL
In mdderdale, a * eoddy-ciak '
[kaod'ikih'k] is a child's cake.
Called also a ' curr'n-oMUy '
[kuor''n-kaod'i], from the usual
MID-TORKSniRE GLOSS.tRT.
Blu
Codg7 [kaodji, kuod'ji]. euI}. ap-
plied to anytMng very Lttle in
«ze, or quaotity ; gen.
Coif [kao^f], a. woman's cap. ■
Wh. Gl.; gen. The conunon
kind of cut/ is mnile of plain or
vorked lann, with a frilled
'Bcreed,' or border, of an out-
Btanding aspect. That worn
as a superior kind ie usually of
lace, even to the ' screeds,' which
orerlay each other as a border.
The affluent among the fanners'
wivee go the length of silk ttim-
miuKB. the flat looped style of
whiui ia unalterable, and the
colour of the ribbon must be
white, even to wear on funeral
days. Coif, like many other
temu, is used only in household
talk, and among the people them-
eelves ; and ' lawnd cap ' and
'net cap,' for the one or the
other kmd, are terma always in
readineas, bo save the appearance
of vulgarity.
Colloge [koluo-h'g], an assembly
of perBons ; hlid. The t«rm
usually implies some element of
disorder. As a verb and adjrctive
it is in very general use, but its
substantive emploj'mcnt is rare.
Collop [kaol'upl, a slice of meat ;
but moet usually applied to meat
of ono kind. ' A ham-wJ/op ' [TJ
aam- kol'up], 'A bacon-col/op '
[U be-ku'n ^1-up]. The word
18 used figuratireli^. 'A dear
coUop,' or bargain. ' Cullop
Monday,' in Shrove week, a day
on which rashers of bacon form
the staple article of dinner-tablea,
and aro begged as nn ' aumas ' by
the poor people, who go about
in beggar character on diis day.
Coney [kuoh'nil, usually applied
to a young rabmt ; gen.
Conny [kou'i, kaonil, interj. ar
expression of mock - bewilder-
ment ; gen. ' Conny, bairns ! '
C0IU17 [kou'i, knoh''ni, kaoni],
adj. a diminutiTe expieatdTC of
endearment, and nsually Joined
to tittU ; gen. ' A Url (little)
ronny thing' [U laa'l kDoh''ni
thingg], ' A conny wee thing,' a
very little thing.
Coniate [konseh't], v. n., t. a.,
and sb. to fiwcy. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
to the county. ' I can't consate
that man's &oe. sotnehow' [Aa:
kaa-nt konse'h't dhaat' maanz*
fi'h'a, suom*oo"3, said in respect
of a &ce excitiiig antipathy. ' A
tontatfd body' [U Vonse'Vtid
baodi], a vain person. 'lcon»aU»
he 11 come this way again' [Aa'
konse'h'ta il' kuom' dhis' wi*
ugi'h'n], I should think he 'U
come this way again. Of a poorly
person, who has no appetite fot
anything, it will be said, that he
' amtale$ nought' [konse-h'ta
uaowt'}, can &ncy nothing; or
that henaa ' no eoRiate fornou^t'
[ne'h' kouae'b't fa uaowt']. The
moonlight is said to put the light
of street gaa-lamps ' out of am-
»ale.'
Coom [koom], an edge of any-
thing, as of dirt, or sand ; gen.
It is used in a petty sense.
Coop [koo-p], a coal-scuttle. Wh.
t of tobacco '
powder '
f«'' fma'al.
tide : gen.
pmaku]; a '
[pood'ur]; a 'comof rice^fra
The Wh. Gl. has 'sand-coora
[eaan'kuo"h'n], also common.
Corncrake [kuoh'nkreh'k] ; or
Drakerhen [d'ri'h'kuren], the
landrail ; gen.
Corpse-yat [kaoh'ps-yaat], a lich-
gate. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Cote [kuo'h't], a shed for small
cattle, or fowls. Wh. Gl. .- gen.
Cot-home [kaot'ooa], a very sniaU
cottage. ' Gang to t' coUkoait,
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
25
r f wood, an' ax t' aud deame
whether she *s hear'd any tell of
her lad yet * [Gaang* tit* kaot'oos
it* wuoh''d Talso [wih^'d]) un*
aaks* t ao*h d diVm wid*'ur
flhiiz* yi'h'd aon*i til* uv* aor*
laad' yit'l, whether she has
heard anytining of her son yet;
Mid.
Cotton [kot'u'nl, v. a. and v. n.
to be adapted ; to fit, or agree
with. Wh. 61. In Mid-York^ire
this word is not altogether of that
abstract character noted in the
GLt butisfireely applied to persons
and things. A coat * cottens well,'
fits welL * CotUn thyself up,
and then cot t' house up a bit '
HKot'u'n dhisen* 'uop*, un* dhen*
tot' t -ooe* uop* u bit*]. Gotten
also, y. a. to cSiastise.
Cotter [kot''ur], y. a. and y. n.
to entangle; Wh,GL; gen. Cot
[kot*] is also used. Bad fleeces
of wool are chiefly faulty in being
coUed, or *run up to felt' com-
pactly.
CrOtterUs [kot-'rilz (and) kaoh*'t'-
rilz], sb. pi. materials ; property
in general. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Conl [koo*l], a swelling on the
head, produced by concussion;
Mid. [Kaow*l] is also heard,
and is employed as an cxtivt verb.
This form has an identical usage
in the Leeds district, but has a
commoner form in [k:aaw*l], yul-
early [kaa*l]. These two last
forms are general in the south.
In Nidderdale, usa^e corresponds
to that of Mid- York., in restric-
tion to a substantiye form [ki*h'l].
Coup [kaow*p], y. n. and y. a. to
fi^ and overturn. Usually em-
ployed with over as an aayerb.
* H!e couped oyer * [Ee kaow*pt
aowr*]. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Coup [kaowp*], y. a. and y. n.
to exchange. Couping-word
[kaow*pin-waod], the last word at
a bargain. Wh. Gl. : gen. Swap
[swaap*] ; or Soap [8uoh*'p] ; or
Sw6ap [8wuoh*'p]. The two last
are additional forms. Swap and
8w6ap are the more usual forms
in Mid- York., coup being con-
fined in usase to old people. This
word is mu(£ used in Lower Nid-
derdale. Soap is, too, more of an
Upper Nidderdale than a Mid-
York, form. Horse - couper
[Aos* kaowp*-ur], horse-dealer.
Courting [kuch'tin], courtyard ;
Mid.
Conther [kaowdhur], y. n. and
y. a. to recover ; to reinvigorate.
The past participle is given in
the IFA. Gl. In Mid- York, the
verb is also in common use. A
person thinking of going to the
sea - side, for the recovery of
health, will be greeted with the
question, * Then you are going
to couther up a oit ? ' [Dhen*
yi'h'r gaa'in tu kaow*dhur uop*
u bit* r|
Cow [kaow], y. n. and y. a. to
walk with the feet sideways — not
to lay them flatly. A ^cow-
heeled' boot is one haying the
heel worn down on one side only.
Wh. Gl. : gen.
Cow [kaow], y. n. go, impera-
tively. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. * Thou 's
going to go ! ' [Dhooz* gaa*in
tu kaow*] . * CW-away ! ' [Kaow*-
uwe*h' !], Be off !
Cow-clag [koo'-tlaag], sb. and
y. a. the caked matter usually
seen fast or dogged to the hair
of sheep and cattle ; cow-dimg ;
gen. 'Thou must not lie thee
down in the cow - pasture or
thou '11 get cow'dagged* [Dhoo*
muon* ut lig* dhu doon* it* koo*-
paasfur, u dhool* git* koo*-
tlaagd]. In this word the pro-
nunciation is always [koo*], as is
that of cow.
Cow-gate [koo'gih't], a pastur-
age, or * gateage ' Lgih*'tij], for
one cow. Wh. Gl. ; gen. In
many parishes, a large pasture
(the one, it often happens, most
/
26
MID-YOBKSHIBE GL06SART.
difficult to cnltiTate) ia usually
allotted to the poor liy the owner
of the soil, at a noimnal rental,
or otherwiBe. The 'gates' are,
in moflt caaea, ima^natiTe areas,
and the cows feed in coounon.
Cow-aeot [koo'skaot, skuot, and
aknt] ; or Cow-sort fkoo-suoh't].
The coshat, or ring-doTe ; gen.
Craekey [kraak-i], a soft-brained
person; gen.
Cncks [kiaaks'], news. Wh. GL ;
gen-
Crake [kre'h'k, krih'k], crow, or
rook. IF%. (?/. ; lUd. 'As black
as a crake* [Uz* blaak* nz* u
kre'h'k]. Also as a y. n. to talk
in a blatant manner; and, to
boast
Cramble [kiaam-a'l], v. n. to walk
in a cramped or spasmodic man-
ner, as through pain, infirmity,
or exhaustion. Cram'elly
• [kraamnili], adj. in a cramped
state. Wh. GL ; gen.
Cramp-ring [kiaamp'-ring], a ring
made out of old coffin-l^d, and
worn as a preseryatiTe against
cramp. WL 6L; Mid. Old
coffins, of lead, or stone, are
• troughs ' [f ruof-s, t'ri-h'fe].
Cransh [kraansh*], v. a. aud
sb. to crunch, or craunch; to
crush gritty matter imderfoot.
Oranshy, gritty. Wh. GL ; gen.
The verb is also used in a pecu-
liar way. * Give over (up) eating
that apple ; thou cranshes my
teetii with it * [Gi aowh'r yi'h'tin
dhaat* aap'ul; dhoo kraan'shiz
maa* ti'h'tn wi t], sets my teeth
on edge with it. T6th [tuoh''th],
the pronimciation of tooth. Also
[ti-hU](8inff. andplur.), [Ti'h'dh],
V. a. to tooth.
Cratohet (kraat'chitl, the crown
of the head. Wh, GL; Mid.
Also, Cratch.
Crattle [kraat-u'l]; or Cmttle
[kruot'u 1], a crumb ; Mid.
Crazzler [kraaziur], of the nature
of asereretaak; Mid. The word
is sometimeB joined to tip. In
allosion to havrng caught a very
bad cold, a person wiU aaj, 'I ^t
a crazz2er on Saturday, with going
to the market' [Aa* gaat* nkraas*-
lur n Set*'nrda wi gaangin ti t
meh-'kit]. Of a difficult task im-
posed on one, it will be said, 'I've
eottrai a craaUr-up this time'
[Aa-Y gitm'n a kniaz*lar-aop*
-dlus* taanm].
Crai<lety [kraaz-ulti], adj.
rickety; gen.
Creak [kii'h'k], a pot or pan-hook ;
gen.
Creaker [kii-h-'karl a spiing-
rattle, from a chihf s plaything,
to the article carried by a night-
watchman. Wh. GL; gen.
Creal [kii-h'l], y. a. to wind twine,
or anything of the kind, is to
creal it ^ Who's is this baUP'
* Let thou it alone ; it was crecUed
for t' larl un' (the little one).
[We-h'z iz- dhis- bao-h'l? Lit-
•dhoo* it' iile*h'n; it* wur*
kri'h'ld fu t -laai un*]. The
process of doing samplers, or
other worsted needle-work, is
spoken of as crealing; Mid.
Cree [kiee ], y. a. to parboU, or
seethe, as wheat which, after
being bruised, is prepared for
* frumity,' on * Yule-een.* Wh.
GL ; gen.
Creepings [krih'pinz], sb. pL the
cold shiveiy sensations attending
colds newly caught. Wh, GL;
gen.
Cremlin [krem*lin, krim*lin], the
tub or £x>ugh used in preparing
leavened bread ; Mid.
Crewel [kriwil], a reel, or bobbin ;
Mid.
Crewtle [kriw-tu'l], v. n. to re-
gain strength; gen. 'Then,
you 've crewued up a bit ? * TOhen*
yiv kriwtu*ld nop* u bit* ?],
are recovering a little P
^
HID-YORKSnlRE QLOSSART-
27
Crioket [krekit], a stool, usually
with unshaped upright euds aa
Bupporters, in place of legs ; Mid.
Crinkle [krinku'l], v. n,, v. a.,
and sb. to bend tortuously; Mid.
Of a ^twisting pathway, it will
be Bud : ' It crinldet round, but
.goes straisht at after' [aftor-
'wards). [Itr* krin'ku'lz roo'nd,
but- gaaugz' st'ri'h't ut" if-t'ur].
The ust word also changes the
initial Towel to [e].
Crob [kraob'], v, a. to rebuke,
in a short, rough manner, Wk,
01. ; gen.
Crookraly [krooh-'kanli], crock-
my; Mid. The right pronun-
(nation of such words as this one
is not easy to the illiterate, and
the endeavour to pronounce them
at all is a mark of the character
of rural dialect, which does not
exhibit the variety of contrac-
tions obserrable in town dialect.
Borne of these are gross, to eye
and ear alike, and only because,
as the speaker is wont to say,
he 'cant lap t' tongue round
Crook [kri-h'kl;cn- Crnke [kri w-k1,
tite irry-ne^ disease, m cattle
or sheep. Also, as in Wh. Gl.,
a cursory term for ' the crook
in the leg when it stands out in
a twisted form, from the efiecte
of fdlotir gen.
Crook[krih-'k];orCnike[kriwk].
a crotchet, or whini. A ' fond
eruke' [&ond- krih-'k], a foolish
whim. irA. ffi.;gen. The first
form is most frequently used in
Mid-Tork., as the last is in Nid-
derdale. This note applies, too,
to the respective forms immedi-
ately preceding these.
Crop [krop], applied to the throat,
or locality of the windpipe ; gon.
One who manifests hoarseness is
alluded to as having a ' r^osty
crop.' See B^aat.
Crou [knioa* (and) kros]. 'He
begged like a cripple at a crou'
[Ee begd* laak n krip-ul uf U
kruos]. Wh. 01.; feea. 'Like
a cripple at a gate fLaa'k u
krip'ul ut u yaaf] ; Mid. ' Hia
way is a long one, but there 's
a staS and a crota at the end
of it' jTz" wi'h'z u laang' nn-,
bud' dhu2' u staav un' u Icruos'
ut' t ind* ont], beggary at the
end, said of a youthAil prodigal.
Crou-piaiig [kruos' (and) krca'-
gaang] ; or Cross-^te [kruos'
fond) kros-ge-bt, (or) gi'h't], a
crosH-way, Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Crowdle [kroawd-u'l] ; orCmddle
[kruod'ull, T. D. and v. a. to
huddle. Wh. OX. ; gen. Also
crouther [\ioodh-uTJ ; Mid. The
neuter verb ctoudle [kruo'du'l]
is also in use generally, signify-
ing the position of kneeling and
stooping together.
Crowdy [kroawdi], a preparation
of oatmeal and water, usually
' lined ' with milk, when in a
parboOed state, and afterwards
eaten with salt, or treacle and
milk. Wh. 01. ; gon.
Crowp [ktoawp], V. n. creep.
An odd form of the present tense
of the verb, in occasionat use:
Mid.
Crowp [kroaw'p],T,n. tognunble,
in a subdued tone. Also applied
to the rumbling noise of the
stemach when flatulent. Wh.
Gl.; Mid.
Crowie [kroaw-zj, adj. brisk; in
sprightly condition. ]Vh. Gl.j
Cmddle [kruodu'I] ; o>- Cnid
[kruod], V. n. and v. a. to curdle.
Crudf [kruodz'l, curds. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Cmne [kriwn], v. n. to bellow,
as a bull; gen. This is the
usual Nidderdale pronunciation.
The usual Mid- York, one is
CniiLahon[kruoii'Bhuu]; orScnm-
28
MID-T0RK3HlaE GLOSSARY.
ahon [BkruoD'shim], a broken
morsel; gen.
CniBli[cniosh']; orB.ii«ll[nioali-],
a, crowd. Also & merry-making.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Cnddy [kuodi] ; or Sickey-dtm-
nock [dik-i'duoii-uk], a email
hedge-bird, similar in size and
app«aranc« to a young grey
linnet; Mid.
Caddy [kuodi], a4j. of an over-
careful, parsimonious disposi-
tion ; Mid. ' It wants a cuddv
one to be in a house with eui^
outgoings as there is here' [It*
waants- u kuodi yun- tu bi- iv
u oo-s wi sa'yk oot" -gaangina
nz" dhur" iz- ih'r], It wants
one of the Bave-all sort ta be in
house with such an expendi-
ture as there ia here.
Caddy-cloth [kuodi-tle -b'th (or)
tli"h'th], the napkin used to cover
the face of a baby at the time of
christening; Mid.
Cnp fkuop' !l an idiomatic word
which no dialoct-spesking nativo
of the locality vhere it is in use
is able to esplain. In the inter-
jectional phrase, ' Iloy, with a
ciipf HE'y, widh' u kuop'!]
the whole meaning is equivalent
to, Comr, here,quidc!u .' In ' Cap,
cup stir ! ' there is in cup a eug-
geation of the word come. These
cup phrases are, in the locality
alluded to, referred, in origin, to
a former resident there, a farmer
of eccentric habits. Mr Skeat
interprets the word very clearly,
oa follows : ' I have heard both
[kuop-], [kuo uop-1, and [kuom'
u^J all used in the same way.
"With a ctyi,"=with a comt-up,
i. e. with an exhortation to haste.
The familiar " come up ! " of the
Cam [ku-n, kun-l ; or Can
[kuon'T ; or Cijan [kuoh-'n] ; or
tean [kih-'n]; or Con [kon-.
kaon], currant. One of those
words which are thus distinct-
ively varied in pronunciation.
The last four are general rural
forms, [kii-'n] being the broad
dialect one. The last, rkon-,
kaonj, are perhaps most heard
in Ujd-Yoi^. The variaticHis
of the first form are not unheard
in the rural parts, but are, strict-
ly, the town forms.
Ciuhlady [kuosh'leli'di]; or Cow-
lady p:ooleh'di] ; or Dowdy-
cow [doo'dikoo"], the lady-
bird ; gen. The eubject of many
childrtni's rhymes.
CuTTin [kaovin], a periwinkle;
gen,
Saoity [daas'uti], capacity; the
ability to undertake, or conceive.
Wh. 01, Common to the central
parts of Yorkshire. A mudi-
used word. Perhaps merely de-
prived of the prefix au, and
warped in meaning. See also
DaziUy.
Dad -of -oil- ringtails [daad--n-
yaal'-ringteh'lz], applied to
those who are eminently mis-
chievous, or of notorious charac-
ter; Mid.
Saffkead [dasfi'-b'd], a cowanL
Wh. 61.; gen.
Saffle [daafu'l], v. a. and sb.
to deafen ; to be in a maied
state. Dflffly is also used mtb-
siaiitlvely in the last sense. IF%.
Gl.; gen.
Htkg [deg-, daag-], v. a. and v. n. to
sprmklo, by droppings from the
hand, as is done in preparing to
fold rough-dry linen. Used sub-
stantively, too, for a large drop
of water. Dagged, pp. in a
drop-wet state ; Mid.
Daglocka [daagluks]; or Day-
loohi [deh'luka], ab. pi. the
coarse top wool of a fleece, from
which mferior gonnenta are
made; Mid. The last pronunci-
UtD-TORKSIlIHE GLOSaART.
29
ation is fnimshed by a York cor-
respondent.
Dale [di-hl, de-h'l], dole ; Mid.
A ^sappearmg custom is that
of 'gilTing dale,' in connectioD
with the funeral of one who had
Iwen a person of substance.
After this Has taken place, tbe
parish poor people, of all ages.
field, I
r of D
oeM, and some principal ianner,
irho is usually in autliority as
oreiseer, proceeds to ' give dale,'
This oonaiBte of money, bread,
i^eeee, and ale. The old people
set about threepence, the chil-
dren a penny, and all a good
ahare of the edibles. The quan-
tity of ale dispensed to each per-
son is euppoeed to be limited to
adrai^t.
I)allror&v[daal'ikrao'-b'l,aiiame
applied to a loitering child ; Mid.
Dune [di'h'm, deb'm], the usual
title of a married or an old
-woman. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Ihunidil [daaniz'dill, the damsou
plum; gen.
Sftnder [daand'ur], v. n., t. a.,
and sb. to trambte heavily.
Wk. ei. ! pen. • Thou danderi
like an old weathercock — hold
Btm with thee 1 ' [Dhoo daan'-
d'nz laak un ao'h'd wtdhukok-
— aoh''d Btil' wi dhu !]
Sappjl [daap'iz], sb. pi. deserv-
iugs ; Mid. ' He has got his
dappyi' [Ees- git'u'u iz' daap-iz].
Dark [daa-k], v. n. to listen. Wh.
Gl.; gen.
Buk-wlvidged [daa'k-silvijd],
adj. heathenish in appearance :
Mid. * What a dark-selvidgrd
crew they are ! ' [Waat- u daa'k-
sfl'T^d bi'h' dhe' ;aa'r 1}
Dsnbj [dao-h'bi], adj. dirty.
Applied to persons. W&. Gl.;
gen.
SbdI [dao'h'l], Y. a. to exhaust
the strength, patience, or ap- |
petite. IP.. Gl.! gen. Stall
[stAO'b'l], a similar Terb, is in
yet more use, but with some
contrast of meaning. The first
word usually convoys tho idea
of satiety. A daultd person is
not angrily excited, as a ' stalled '
one may be, for the reason that
a sick or worn-out mind haa no
object beyond itself. A person
may be ' stalled,' or tired, of
doing and thinking twenty tunes
during the day, but only davitd
out at the end of it.
Damn [daoh'm], sb. and v. a s
small portion, or morsel. 'Daunt-
ed out,' dealt out scantily. Wh.
Gl.; Mid.
Daam [daoh''m], ab. and v. n. a
faintness of feeiing; gen, 'It
was nought very bad, but it was
a daumish feel (feeling), like'
[It" waar' "naowt voar'U' baod'
bud' it' wur* ii daoh''mish fee'l,
laa-k].
Hawk [daoh'k], v. n. to idle:
Mid.
Sawp [dao-h'p], t. a, to soil by
touch; Mid.
Sawps [daoh'ps], a slattern; gen.
Daytal [de-h'tu'l], adj. The word
is never used alone. ' A daytal
man,' a day-labouring man.
'An old daytal wife' [Un ao-h'd
de-h'tu'l waa-f], an old day-
labouring woman. ' I 'm going
to dai/lal ploughing' [Aa'z Soon-
tu do'h'tul pliw'in]; gen.
Daytal. dick [deh'tul-dik], a
familiar term for a daytal-man,
or farm -labourer, paid by the
day; Mid.
Damty [daaz-titi], the perform-
ance of a challenging action of
strength or skill ; Mid. It is a
juvenile term. One lad will set
others a dazzity by walking
through a pond, or by an action
of trespass which involves risks ;
and those who successfully imi-
tate all that has been done
30
KID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
diTide the honours of champion-
ship. The southern equivalent
crauden [krao'h'du'n] is used
as a T. a., and craudener, sb. is
bestowed ironically, too, at times,
on those who habitually fail in
the feats they undertake. See
Dacity,
D^af fdi-h'f], adj. barren, Ap-
pliea to hiisked fruit, and seed,
as a * deaf nut ' [di'h'f nuot*], a
* deaf ear of com ' [di'h'f i*h r u
kuo'h'n]. Wh, GL ; gen.
Deafly [dih'fli], adj. lonely.
Wh. 01. ; Mid.
B6ary [dih'ri], interj., adj., and
sb. dear ; gen. * Deary me ! *
[Di'h'ri mae*y !] * Oh, deary me
to-day I • [Ao'h' di'h'ri maey tu-
di^h'/], a common phrase. *A
little deary thing * [U laa-1 di'h'ri
theyng]. * Come, my deary ! '
[Kuom, maa dih'ri I J * Thou 'rt
a deary I * [Dhoo t' u di"h*ri !]
Seathding [di'h'thding], death-
blow; Mid.
Death - hunter [dih'th- uontur] .
The death-hunters in a country
Tillage are usually two. They
are persons who go from parisn
to parish, as a ourial occurs,
carrying small black stools,
called * buffets ' [buofits], on
which the coffin is rested while
the funeral h^rmn is being simg
Jin the open air, in front of ihe
house where the corpse has lain.
These stools are also useful on
the way to church, distant, in
some cases, several miles. Some
Earishes have got their public
earse, but this vehicle finds no
favour. Its use is objected to on
superstitious groiuids.
Deathly [dih'thli], adj. pale;
Mid.
Deave [di'hV], p. t. of dive;
Mid. In America, dove,
D^ave [di'h'v], v. a. to deafen.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Deaze [di'h*z], v. a. to blight, or
cause to pine from oold^ as when
ve^tables are frt>8t-mpped, or
chickens die in the snell, for
want of warmth. Deazed bread
is bread overbaked outwardly,
and not enoueh baked within.
D^azement [di'h'zment (and)
mint], a shivering sensation.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Deed [deed*], doings, of any kind.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Deedy [d:ee'di], adj. active ; Mid.
Deet [dee'tl, v. a to cleanse;
gen. ' Take a cloth and just deet
that knife* [Taak* u tloo*t un
jis' dee't dhaat* naa*f].
Deft [deft'1, adj. neat; clever.
Employeaalso ironically. Deftly,
adv. Wh, GL; gen.
Deft [deft*], a numerical term.
*A gay deft* [U ge-h' deft-],
an ample number ; a ' fine lot.
Delightsome [dil:ee'tsum], adj.
deEghtful; gen.
Delve [delv, dilv], v. a, v. n.,
and sb. to bruise, or indent ; to
dig. Also, in the sense of close
appHcation to any kind of work.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Densh [densh*, dinsh*, deh-'nsh,
dih*'nsh], adj. dainty, or fastidi-
ous. Wh, GL ; gen.
Dent [dint*, dent*], v. a. and sb. to
notch ; to indent. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Demun [dur*um, duor-m], a deaf-
ening noise, or a minglement of
noises, as the rumbling, creaks,,
and cracks of an old mangle, to-
gether with the talk of several
people who are putting it to use;
gen.
Derryboimder rduriboo*nd*u,
dih*riboo'nd*u], sb. and v. n.
the boimce and noise made by
any object in collision; gen.
* It came with such on (of) a
derryhounder * [It* kaam* wi
•sa'yk n u dih*riboo*nd'u].
' The word is often shortened to
derry [dur*i]. *It did derry
MIO-TORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
31
(or derryhounder) along, mind
you' fit* 'did* dur'i nlaang*,
maa*na yul Both terms aro
also appuea to an obstinate
person.
Desperate [dis'prat], adj. a word
constantly employed as an aug-
mentative. * Deswrate bonny *
[Dis'prut baon'i]. * Deeper ate
grana * [Dis*prut graand]. Wh,
Cn, ; gen.
Dibfh[dib'dli], the pronunciation
of dipth ; gen.
Didder rdid**ur, didh-ur], v. n. and
Y. a. to tremble. Didderment
[did''ument], in a * diddering/
or trembling state. Wh, OL ;
gen. Also didder, sb. [Aa'z
yaal* aon* u did*'ur], I am all
a-tremble.
Dike [da*y*k, daa'k], sb., y.d., and
y. a. The usual sie^nificance of
this word is a ditch ^ but it is used
substantiyely for a pool of any
kind ; gen. When a child spills
water, the remark will be made
by an obserying parent, * There's
one dike made — now try to make
another' [Dhih*'z 'yaan* da*yk
mi'h'd — ^noo t'raa* tu maak* im-
uodh'ur]. To * hedge and dike *
is to hedge and ditch.
Dill \^'\ V. a. to dull pain ; to
soothe. Wh. GL; gen. *Take
that child on your uiee, and see
if you can dill it to sleep ' [Taak*
dliaat* be'h'n u dhi nee*, un* sey*
if' dhoo kun' dil* it* tu slih'*pj.
There are two other vowels com-
monly employed in knee [nih**,
(and, ref.) nae*y].
Ding [dingg*], v. a. and sb. to
throw to file ground with vio-
lence; to pound mercilessljr.
Also employed figuratively, m
the sense of, to overcome, as one
person dings another in argu-
ment. Ding, also sb. noise and
confusion. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Dipple [dip-u'l], sb. and v. a.
aunple; Mid.
Dizen [diz-u'n], v. a. to bedizen.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Doardy [duo-h*di], George ; gen.
Dock [dok*] j or Dockeii[dok-u*n],
sb. and v. a. weed; gen. The
docken proper is the c^ocA-plant.
Dod [dod*], V. a. This term is not
only applied to shortening the
wool of sheep, but has a common
verbal use. A child's hair is
doddedf or * ended.* To clip oflf
anything shortly is to dod. Dod-
ding wool, in South Yorks., is a
process preparatory to that of
• teasing [ti'h'zin (and) tev'zin],
or disentangling it. Loadings^
the portions cut oif . A dodded
sheep is a short-homed one.
Do-dance [de*h'-daans, di*h'-
daans], the toil of a roundabout,
or repeated journey, unneces-
sarily performed, nh. 01. ; gen.
Dodder [dod'ur, dodh-'ur], v. n.
and V. a. to tremble, or shake
violently. Wh. 01. ; gen. * He *s
all of a dodder — ^look at him I *
[Iz* yaal' uv u dod''ur — ^li'h'k
aaf im* !]. The word is ex-
pressive of a slower motion than
didder (which see). A wall, or a
house, would be said to dodder —
not to * didder' — before falling.
Doddenuns [dod*'rumz, dodh-'-
rumz], an ae^e, or shivering fit
of any kind. Wh. 01. ; gen.
One recovering from a drniucen
state, and vieooly nervous, has
got the dotherums [dodh*'-
rumz] ; or dodnuns [dod*'-
rumzj.
Doe [duo-'h, de-h'], a hind. The
first form is gen., the last aMid-
Yorks,
Doflf [daof], V. a. to divest, or do
off. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Dog-banner rdog'-baaniir], the
wild camomue ; Mid.
Dog-standard [dog--«t'aan-d'ud],
ragwort; Mid.
Doit [daoyt], expressive of ex-
UlD<TORKSaiRE GLOSSART.
trame littleness. ' What a doit
of B cliild ! ' [Waat- u daoyt
a u be-h'n 1], litoraUy, Wtat a
doit on a baun ! ' I care not a
doit about it' [Aa' ke'h'ni'nt u
daoyt uboo't it-].
Doldroma [dold'runt;:], a state of
despondency, mixed with ill-
temper; gen.
Sole [duo'h'l], sb. and v. a. dole.
Wh. 01. ; g«n. This is the re-
fined pronundation. Sea Dale.
DoUy [doli, daol-i] ; or Dol [dol-,
daol'], Dorothy; gen.
to
Don [daou],
dresB, or do on. Wh. 01. ; gen.
' I 'm atl ifonned now, except my
bonnet ' [Aa'z ao'hl daond' noo",
8op' mi buon'it]. This laat word
isas often [buo'nit, (and) buoh''n-
it]. The refined form is [bun-it].
Soor-oheek [dih'r-cheek], door-
post Wh. 01. ; gen.
Soor-^an^iag [dih'-gaangin],
doorway. Wh. -*'
ferring to the supportinK frame-
work. Wh. 01. ; gen. &e, also,
Door-ganging.
Door-aill [di-h'-sil], the threshold
of a dwolhng. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Do> [dos-], Joshua; Mid.
Soi [do3-] ; or Doaay [duo-h'd],
Joseph ; gen.
Sos'n'd [daozTi'nd, dozu'nd].
Darat, y. n. is usually [da;os't],
but in nogative eentencoB the
form [daoz'u'nd], i. e. dural nol,
is general ' I durst no more
do that than fly ' [Aa doz'u'nd
nu iiie"h'r dih' -dhttat" un- flaa'].
SosB [dos-l, sb. and v. a. to
fright ; Mid. ' It put mo in
auch a Ant ' [It' puot' mu i
saa'ku'n u dos']. There is just
a touch of humour in the term.
Dotteril [dot-'ril], a dot«r. Wh.
Gl. ! gen.
Dosbler [duoblur], an earthen-
ware bowl, or lai^ platter.
Wh. 01. ; gen. ' He 'd neither
dish, dtnMfr, nor spoon' [Eo'd
naowd'ur diah', duob-lur, nur-
spi'h'n], had no effects what-
' Jjeeds phrase
Soabtaome [duotaum], adj.
doubtful; gen.
Dook [duo-k],v.n., v.a.,and sb. ■
to drink; gen. In Mid- York-
shire, at tunes employed fbr batkt,
Donp [doawp-, doop-], an indolent
person. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Sotue [doos'], V. a. to extinguish ;
to despoil .in any vay. Used,
also, figuratively. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. To a child caught extin-
guishing a lighted candle by
turning it Upside down in the
stick, a mother will say : ' I 'It
bray thy back for thee if thou
doesn't use the capper {exlin-
Euisher} t« iJotMc the candle with'
fAa-l bre'h' dhaa* beak' fn dhu
if- dhoo diz'u'ut yi'h'z t kaapui
tu doos' t kaan'u'l wi].
Douse [doo's], V. a, to drench;
Wh. Gl. : gen. Its most usual
meaning is. to drench by band,
as when water is thrown upon a
person. ' They douKd liiin from
head to foot' [Dhe doo'st im'
fine yi'h'd tu fl'n't].
D'out [daawt', doot"], v. a. do, or
put out, t. e. exidnguish ; gen.
' D'out that candle, my lass.
baon' di'h'leet].
Doven [dovu'n, duovu'n], v. n.
to doze. Bovening [dovninj,
pres. part. gen. Each fonn is
also frequently employed »ub-
etantivelg.
Dow [doaw], V. n, to prosper.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Dowk [donw'k], a mine-working,
of a stiff clayey nature ; Nidd.
MID-TORKSHIRK GLOSSART.
33
Dovl [doawl], sb. and t. n. a
■tata of melanclioly ; moodj dul-
besa; gen. The advtrbial form
u put to great use, as is also
the adjtctive dowly [doawU],
which cbaneee its vowel, becom-
iag [de'hli]. Sowl is iised as a
vtrb, too. ' She gets nought
dona, but mts and dourlt at t'
end on 't ' — ererlastingly. [Shu
gita- naowt dih'n, bud- sits' un'
■doawlz u t ind" ont'.] ' She 's
baring a long dmvl on 't this
time ; there s somowbat the
matter, depend on it' [Shuz'
evin u loang' doawl on' t 'dhis'
taa'm; dhuz- 'snom'ut' t mnat''-
vr, dip:i'nd' ont-]^. The first if
in deptnd, and initially in most
other words, is of a slightly
dental character.
Dowment [doo-ment, di-h'ment],
a confusion. Of a crowd of
this doumimt about P' [Waats'
•yaal' dhia' doo'ment ubobt' P] A
table crowded with crockery, out
of place , will occasion the remark,
'W hat a dovrmrnt there is here ] '
[Waat' n doo'ment dhur' ie' i'h'r].
Sowngan^ [doon'gaang], a
downhill way ^usually a path-
way. (FA, Gl. ; gen.
3W-pJ,tl
,• Mid.
ncrow.
ffi. Ol. i itid.
Dowter [daow-t'ur], daughter ;
gen. Like the dialect substan-
tires generally, remains unin-
flected in the genitiTe case sin-
gular.
Dozsen [doz-n'n], v. n. and t. a.
to BhriTel, or waste by contrac-
tion. Wh. Gl. ; gen. A doz-
tentd apple is ^so called a
' waster [we'h'sf ur].
Donil [doz'il], sb. and v. a. a
tawdry person ; Uid. Its sub-
■tantiTe oee is exampled in the
FA. Gl. 'She dozUU herself
out like a caravan woman at a
fiur ' [Shu doE'ilz UB:e'l oot' loa'k
n kajiruvaau' wuom'un ut' u
fe-h'r].
Draff [d'raaf], said of brewer's
grains, in the Wh. Gl., and
usually applied in this sense in
Mid- Yorkshire, hut also used
more generaUy of waste matter,
from which the food element has
been extracted, or of refuse of
this nuture, as '■pie-drnff' [pig-
d'raaf'], the scrap-food of piga.
Draggletall [d'raagu'lte-li'l], usu-
ally applied to a woman of dirty,
slatternly habits; gen. Drag-
gletailed, as in Wh. Gl., applied
to anything that has been digged
through, or over the dirt.
Srape [d'rch'p], a farrow cow;
gen.
Dream-hole [d'rib'm-uoh'l], a
loop - hole ; gen, [Properly a
loop-hole for letting out tound,
as between the lufferboards in a
belfry. From A.S. dredm, mu-
sic— W. W. S.]
Dree [d'ree], v. a. and adj. to
be tedious or wearisome; mn.
' Don't dree it out so ' [Di'h'nt
d'ree' it 'oot' se'h'], don't spin
it out so. ' He dreed so long a
tale, it was dowling (a tiresome,
or a melancholy thing] to hear
him' [Ee d'ree'd su laan^' u
ti'h'l, it" wu doBwlin tu I'h'r
im-]. In the Wh. Gl. dree, adj.,
dreed, pp., and dreely, adv. are
exampled. The first and last
are general ; and the pp. ia a
Hid- Yorkshire form.
Dreesome [d'ree-aum], adj. tedi-
Drib [d'rib-], V. n., v. a., and sb.
drip. Occaaionally used in Mid-
Yorkshire. The edge, or comer
of a house-roof, where the rain
drips mostly, wiU bo sometimi;8
called the drib- and ifn'p-end of
the 'house-ridge' [T d'rib* in-d
uf OO'B-rig'].
Hm-TOBESHIRI GL(»9ABT.
Driogla [d'ting-al], r. a. and
V. n. to waste ; gen.
Drink-drsnght [d'nnKl[--d'niaft-1,
a brewer'a dray. ;P^. 01. ; Mid.
Brite [d'niayt] ; or Drt'te
[d'reh't]. v. n. and v. a. to drawL
IMte-poke [d'ra'yt - puoh'k]
and Drate • pok* [d're h't-
Suoh'k], a drawler, faoetiouslj'.
''h. 01. Drat* is a general
form ; drit« peculiar to Uid-
York^., and eacK an also em-
ployed sobstantiTely.
Drith [d'rith], a state of thrift,
or prosperity. ^%. 01. ; Mid.
Droka [d'ruo-h'k] ; vr Srouk
[d'rao'h'k], T. n. to drip »-ith
moisture. The last is the re-
fined proannciatioD ; gen.
Sronk [d'rongk'], v. a. drench;
Mid. ' I got dronking 'wet '
[Aa' gaat' d^ongk'in veet'].
Drought [d'mof-t], t. imp. and
eb. to dry, or expose to draught.
Drought, a draught ; Mid.
Also, in the sense of windy.
'The day's going ta'\io droughty,
1 think'^ [T di-h'B gaa-in tu bi
d'ruofti, Aa thingk'].
Dni^:iiteT [d'ruog'istu], drug-
gist; Mid.
Soak [^duok'], a faggot ; Mid.
Sudi [duodz'l, apparel of any
kind. Wh. 01. ; gen. It ia ap-
C" id in respect of a plural num-
of upper garments, or to a
pair of trousers.
Ihiepftper [diw-peh'pu], a pay-
sheet, or warrant for wages due ;
Nidd.
Doffll [duof'il], a coarae woollen
fabric, flannel-like in conmi't-
ency, of which women's ' gowns '
"-) usually made. Wh. 01. i
gen.
. to dope ;
Dolbert [duol-but] ; or SUTidflr-
li6ad [duou-d'uri-h'd] ; or Dwi-
I d«niowl[duon*dWaawl1,
j ing terms for a blockhead,
second is a N'idderdale faix
the three Mid-Yorks. AJ
in the Wh. 01., but thelaai
TBriea('DudemoU').
Dambfonnder [duomfoon
T. a. to confuse, with aeb
ment, or amazement, past
ance. Wh. 01.; gen.
Vnmp [<Iuomp'], a contract:
duii.piiug. • Ridding and '
(arej the stafl of life, but a
for a long day' [Puodii
bih'fs t staaf- n laa'f, hi
"duomp' fur' u laong' di'h'
Bnimot [dnonut] ; or I><
[don-utj, a good-for-nc
person ; also, a fool ; a3
name bestowed on Uke
Dnrduin [dndnm] ; or Do
[daoh''dum], an uproar.
in, ' Iftttt him his hide ' [I
Dusty [OuoBti], adj. used ;
spect of any clever actio
feat of inteUigence. An a
pointed saying is applaud
the observation, ' Come, tha
duetgr [Kuom-, dhaaf
Dnv [duov] ; or Eiv [div
Dfav [di'h'v] ; or Ilia [d
or Di [di], fonns of do;
The V forms are verb* i
alone ; the Towel fonu
nctive, though not restrict
this character. Div is occs
ally employed actively.
MID-TORKSHIRS GLOSSARY.
35
cumbrous fashion, with the
meaning of, to finish. * Give
over! Siou*ll div it to death'
SQi 'aowh'r I dhuo'l div it tu
i'h'th], as will be said to a girl
overkneading dough. Dea is
also employed in a i-elated man-
ner, as, in allusion to a bird
which has fallen disabled mere-
ly, and not shot dead, it will be
remarked, * Thou 's one to do
out of misery, however ' ['Dhooz*
yaan* tu di* oot* u miz'ri, oo-ivu].
Ihiv and div are very occasion-
ally employed intransitively to
express a delicate empheisis. ' I
do wish I *d seen him ! ' [Aa*
•duov* wish* Aa*d saeyn im* I]
'Does thou mean itP* *I div
nWz* tu mi'h'n it* ? Aa* 'div*].
it is used negatively, in like
manner, with the contracted form
of the adverb not, * Do you like
itP' * Duvn't I nought but
(only) I ' [Di yu laak it* ?
•Duovu'nt Aa naob* ut !] Buv
is heard so far south as below
Craven, but only occasionalh^
It is essentially'' a rural foim. In
received English) a speaker may
be put to tne awkwardness of
repeating the verb in a too close
connection, as in the sentence.
Do I do it 9 In rural dialect
the form of the verb would bo
at once varied, and * Duv I dea
it ? ' [Duov -Aa* di*Vt ?] would
be the order. If a sharp raspy
interrogative is required, then,
in such a sentence, the form of
the pronoun will be changed,
too, from All [Aa*] to E [I].
E>i*] usually precedes a vowel-
ginning word, and at other
times it has the final element [h'].
But the short vowel is in pecu-
liar use, too, among old people,
some of whom employ it almost
to the exclusion of the other
forms. Before the pronoun it,
however, the vowel becomes long.
This usage is, indeed, but con-
semient on the preference for
[dij; the choice being to make
the vowel long in such a con-
nection, instead of admitting the
final element, [dih**t], as younger
speakers do. D4a is tne form
usually employed before the pre-
position to. All the forms com-
pound with not, the usual elision
of the vowel in this word occur-
ring, with quite the effect of u
as the initial letter. [Di] also
receives the adverb without con-
traction [din'ut]. [Duou"ut] ia
* also as much used, but this form
has no verb in correspondence,
[duo] being quite unheard in
rural speech.
Dwam [dwaam*], a fit of faint-
ing. Dwamwiiah [dwaam*ish],
famt. JFh. OL : Mid.
Dwlne [dwiaa'yn], v. n. to pine ;
gen. Dwiny [dw:aayni], adj.
IS used in the sense of shrunken,
or puny» Exampled in this
sense, and as a pp. in the JFh, GL
Dwizzen [dwizu'D]; or Wizzen
[wiz'u'nj, V. n. and v. a. to
shrink, and diy up; to have a
parched appearance, as withered
fruit, or the skin of old people.
A skinny - looking person is
dwizzen- or u^zze7i-faced, as in
the Wh, GL, which examples the
pp. Mid. The last form belongs
to Nidd.
[i'h'm, yi*h'm], uncle, but
much heard. Wh, 01, ; Mid.
Earn
not
Ear [i'h'r], year; gen. This is
a commonly heard form, among
both old and young, but the
initial letter of year is permis'^
sible, and is frequent in use.
Ear [i'h'r, yi'h'r], v. a. to till;
Mid. Used occasionally.
Ear^breed [i*h' (or^ yi*h'-bree"d].
The bottom projecting beams,
behind and before, on which the
body of a cart rests, ore the ear-
hrteds ; gen.
Earn [i*h*n, yih'n], v. a. and
V. n. to glean; gen.
36
IflD-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Earn rili*n] ; or Team [yih'n] ;
or Tern [yun*], vb. imp. to cur-
dle. The two tirst are exampled
in the Wh, GL ; gen. Earning
ti*h*nin] and yearning [yi'h'nin],
yen'inj and [yun'in], is used of
rennet.
Easement [ih'zment^ yi'h'z-
ment], relief. Employed, also,
in respect of a medicinal remedy.
Wh, 01, ; gen. * There 's a drop
of eaumeni in that bottle yet--
let me have it ' [Dhuz* u d'rop*
u yi'h'zment i dhaat* bot*ul yit'
— ^lits* ev it*].
Easilings [yi-h'zlinz], adv. easily;
gen.
EasingB [yi-h'zinz, i*h*ziQz], sb. pL
eaves. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Eath [i'h'dh], adj. easy. Some
old Mid- York, people occasion-
ally use this form.
Eaze [i-h'z,yi*h'z], v.n. to wheeze;
gen.
Eaze [yi'h'z, i*h'z], v. a. to be-
mire. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Ee [ee*], eye. Plur..een [een],
and, on the part of old people,
[ih'n, i'h'n]. These, by rule,
add y before the plural forms,
and often before the sine^ar
form. A refined, and seldom
used plural, is eyen [a'yn*].
This, with een, and the singular
form, are exampled in the Wh.
01, ; gen.
E*en [ee*n, ih-*n], evening; gen.
*Good-e*en' [guod*ih**n]. This
form is restricted in use to saluta-
tion in parting.
Een-hole [een*-uo**h*l], eye-socket.
Wh, 01, : gen.
Efter [of -fur, if -fur], prep, after ;
gen. Joined, too, to the pre-
position aty but its employment
in this way is slight compared
with the usage in town dialect.
* I *8 (I am) boon (going) at-after '
[Aa*z boo'n ut-ef*t*urj.
Egg [egg*], V. a. to incite; to
urge, or edge on. It is joined to
the adverb vn — * Eg on * — in the
Wh, 01, This is a great com-
panion verb, but yet separable.
The objective him often comes
between, and indeed the verb
has various positions. * He was
egged to it ' [Ee wur* 'eggd' tivt].
*None of thy egging, now; go
away from tiie lad' [Nih*'n u
dhaa* egg'in, noo ; gaan* uwi'h'z
fre t laad*].
Egremont [eggiimont], an ex-
plosive term, with no recog-
nized significance. *The egre-
mont ! ' [Dhu 'egg'rimont !]
' He 's going the egremont yon-
der* [Eez* guoh**in dhu 'egg'-
rimont yuoh**nd*ur]. The word
does not convey any objection-
able meaning, though it has all
the play of a word of this cha-
racter; Mid.
Elder [:e*ld'u], adv. rather ; gen.
Elding [el'din, ildin, ihl'din
(and with initial y to the various
forms)], fuel. Wh, 01. : gen.
Eller [el'ur], the pronunciation
of elder, having reference to the
tree of the name ; gen.
Ellwand [el-waand]; or Tard-
wand [yeh**dwaand], a yard-
stick. Wh, 01, The first form
is gen. ; the last Mid- Yorkshire,
as also. Cloth-wand [tie*h*th-
waand].
Elsin [el -sin], an awL Wh, Gl, ;
gen.
End-all [ind--yaal*, ao'h'l (ref.)],
more freely used than custom-
arily, and with a wider inter-
pretation, in the sense of an act
of completion. Also, a finishing
stroke; gen.
Endlong [ind-laang], adv. in a
Hne forward, from end to end;
a position in which a body would
be laid at whole length. Wh,
01, ; gen. But the word is not
necessarily used on every occa-
sion, unless the object referred
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
37
to is inanimate matter. In Nid-
derdale, a person or animal laid
at whole length is said to be
laid lang - streaked [laans'-
st'rih'kt] ; and, in Mid-YoA-
shire, at lang-length [laang*-
lenth*].
Endways [ind-wi-h'z (and)
we"h'z], adv. in a way of straight
progress. Wh, GL ; gen. * He
came straight endways to meet
me ' [Ee kaam* st'reyt* ind*-
wi"'h'z tu meyt mu].
Enow [inoo*], adv. by-and-by ;
presently. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Entry [in't'ri], a passage, or cor-
ridor; gen. Anything spacious
of this nature, as the entrance-
hall of a mansion, would bo
called a hall - stead [ao-hU-
sti*'h*d], or, in the case of an in-
ferior domicile, the house-lobby
[oo"s-laob*i].
Ept [ept*, ipt'], adj. apt. Wh,
01, ; gen.
Esh [esh-], the ash. Wit, 01, ;
gen.
Ether [edh*uT, idh-ur], a large
light kind of fly ; gen.
Ettle [et'u'l, yet'u'l], v. n. to aim
at, or act with intent. Wh, 01, :
Mid. * What's thou ettling at
with that stick, pray thee P *
[Waats* tu 'et'lin aat* wi dhaat*
stik*, predh* u?], what, do you
intend to make of it, pray P said
to one at work with knife and
stick.
Even - endways [i-h'vu'n ind--
wi"h*z(and)we"h'z],adv. straight
progress, in an even direction
with some object, real or sup-
posed ; gen. A child that is not
well able to walk, will maintain
its balance with the aid of its
hands, and shuffle along even-
endwaye by the wall-side. And
8(f , as in tne Wh, 01, y a person
squanders all he has, even-end-
waySy — in a straight course with
inclination, without let or hin-
drance. Even takes the y [yi'h'-
vu'n].
Everylike [ivri laa*k, laayk
(and) lev'kj, adv. at time and
time. Wh, 01, ; Mid.
Ewe [iw-], pret. of owe; Mid.
This is an occasional form.
Awed [ao*h*d] is the most usual,
unless the verb is joined to an
auxiliary, in which case Awen
[ao'h'n] is the form used.
Ewn [iwn, yiw*n] ; or Ean [i'h'n,
yi h'n] ; or Ai'n [le'h'n, y:e*h*n] ;
or Toon [yoo*n, oo*n] ; or Tun
[yuon*] ; or Toin [yuoyn*,
uoyn*]; orTaewn[ye'wn,o*wn];
or Toan [jruoh^'n]; or Tuwn
y:u*wn, :u*wn]; or Toun
yaownj, oven. A receptacle put
o great use in Yorkshire, even in
the large towns, whore the very
poorest usually occupy single
dwellings. All these forms are
heard in the rural district, how-
ever. Ewn, Toon, Ean are
general, the last used by old
people, and the preceding one
the most common. Ai'n, Tun
are Mid-Yorks. forms ; so are
Toin, Toan, but these are casual
forms, imported from the south-
west. Taewn is a Nidderdale
form, but less used than Ewn
and Toon. The two last are
the dialect refined forms, Toun
being most usual to Mid-Yorks.,
and Tuwn being most heard in
market-town speech northward.
Fadge [faaj-], one who is short
and fat in appearance. Wh, 01, ;
gen. Apphed as frequently to
children as to upgrown people.
Fadge [faaj], also, a person who
is jaded in appearance ; Mid.
Fadge [faaj*], v. n. to labour
in walking, through having a
great amount of flesh to carry.
Wh. 01.: gen. *Thou fudges
like an old horse' [Dhoo faaj'iz
laa'k un* ao*h*d aos*].
MID-TORKSIllRE GLOSSABT.
rpaafl; orPnff [fnof], t
. a., and eh. To blow in pi
Faff
r puff*
IT'S. ai. The first fonn ie
^tierot ; the two forms are heard
in Mid. ' It came in my faco like
a faff of chimnoy-smoke ' [It'
kaam' i mi fi'h'e Isa'k u faaf' u
chim'lu reo'k]. Apphod, alao,
to one who, in tulkiug, uses
more breath than is necesaary.
Also, to a young fritiky child.
Of a light breeze, it will be said,
•It hardly /o/s a flower' [It
aadlinz faafs- u fluoh"].
Fain [fe-h'n], v. n. and adj. to
be desirouB ; glad ; or eager, Wh.
Falter [f:ao'It'u], v. n. and v. n.
to thrash grain in the sheaf, in
order to separate it from tiie
awn, or ' beard ; ' Mid.
Fanticlei [faan-tikii'lz, faan'-
tftaku'lz], sb. pi. freckles on the
akin, usually on the face; gen.
These are popularly accounted
fbr as marks made by the spurt-
ings of milk from toe moUie^e
breast, inevitably occasioned, so
that a face may be marred that
Farley [faa'li], a failing, or eccen-
tricity. Wh. Ol. ; Mid.
Farmer [faa'mur], adj. fannost;
Nidd. Employed also as an
adverb. ' He 's the farthest of
the two, however ' [Eez' t
fett'mur ut' twi'h', oo-ivur].
Farrantly [faaruntli], adj. gen-
teel. II7i. 01; Mid.
Fashons [faashos] ; or Feahoni
rfesh'us], a^. troublesome. Tf'A.
OL; gen.
Fatlap [faat-Ina])], the hanging
fat of moat; gen.
Fatten [faat'u'n], weeds ; Jlid.
Faaf [fao-h'f, fuo'h'f], sb. and
adj. fallow. }n. or.; gen. 'A
[fanh'nsnm], adj.
FCal [fih'l], T. a. hide; gen.
Past part, felt [fel't}.
Fearter [B^h'sfur] ; or Fuiter
[fuoa-t^ur] ; or Feuater ffiw-
st'ur]; or FoBter [faoB-f ur]. To
be * m a ffaxtrr ' is to be in a
state of tumultuous haste. This
is the form most heard ; Mid,
Feather-fiOlen [fidh-u-f;aoh'lu'n],
adj. creet-fallen. Wh. OL ; gen,
Featberfnl [fedh-ufuol], the herb
rut; gen. [Obyiously a corrup-
tion <^ /ever/eiB, whieh, again, is
tor fevtr-fugr, i. e. a driver oft of
fever.— W. W. S.]
Feck [fek'J, a large number;
gen. ■ The main /wfe of them
went in' [T me'h'n fok' on' um*
wint- in-]. ' A /«A o' fowk ■ [U
fck' u foowlc'j, a great numbex
of people.
Feely [fecli], a<lj. sensitive ;
Mid. ' He's very /iWjf; hesoon
knows when he's hurt' [Eec*
:• ot-i
'n].
■ih'n
Feft [foffl, V, a. to endow.
Feftroentlfef-ment]. nb. endow-
ment, n'X. OL ; Mid. Also
[fih^'frnent] and [feft'] aba,
Feitly [feytli], adj. exactly, pro-
perly. Wh. OL; Mid.
Felf [felf]; or Filf [filf], tha
felloe of a wheel ; gen,
FeU [fel], V. a. to fell; bnt
commonly used where knocked
tlown and proalratt are employed
in ordinary speech. Wh. OL;
gen. Alao, giihitantii-ety.
FeU [fell], a hill, or piece of
abruptly nigh gronnd. Wh. OL;
gen,
FeUo
>S'±:
MID-TORKSHIBE GLOSSARY.
in the mring, is to f^o it To
plough it the second time, ie to
' rtir [fltaof], or »(ir it ; gen.
Fellon [fel-un, filiin], a skin
dieease, incident to cattle. Wh,
01.; gen.
F^OV-fond [fel-n-, (and) filu-
&ond], adj- Lbve-smitten. Wh.
Gl.; gen.
Pnlter [fel't'ur], v. n. and v. a.
to olot ; gen.
PelTord [^elTTid], the fieldfare;
Mid. pn Chaucer, /'Idr/art.
Fend [fend-, (and) find], v. n.,
gen. to the county. A much-
uaed word. ' He 'a no /riid in
him ' [Eez' ne'h' fond' in" [or
[iv]) im'l, ia incapable of action.
'Se /mill for himaelf ' [Ee fenz'
fiiT' izs:e'l], proridea for himself.
* She '» a bad /enrUr for a bouse
where there 'b a lot of children '
[Shuz" u baad' fen'd'u fur' a
O08' wih'' dhuz' u. lot' u be'b'nz},
ui ill manager, or contriTor.
'Thou makes no /mil of it, man !
— look, and watch mo ! ' [Dhoo
maake' ne*h' fend' on' t, muon' !
— li-h'k, un' waach" m;ae'y'l
' He maj/tnd aa he hkcs — he 'U
never do well ' JEe mu fend' uz'
i Jaa-ka— il- niT'u di'h' wee'!].
Also, to Btrire in dispute, on
defensive or ofFenmve grounds.
See Fold and Provr.
Fendable [fen'd'ubu'l]^, adj. in-
dustrious and managing. Wh.
01. i Mid.
Fead and Prove [fend ' un pri h'T],
a verbal phraao in constant use,
generul to the county, and mean-
ing, like ita participial form in
the Wh. 01., to argue and de-
Fent [fcnt-1, a remnant ; applied
to woven mbrics. Wh. 01. ; gon.
Fere [f;i'li'r]. This torm, though
not in use oouTeraationalty, oc~
curs in one of the variations of
the Chriabnas ' nomony,' or for-
mula of good wishes :
'1 wish you a merry Chjistmas,
and a happy New Tear ;
A pocketful of money, and a barreU
ful of beer ;
Good luck to your feather-fowl,
feri
[Aa' weyeh yu mur-i Kis-mus, un"
uaap'iNiw- Yih'r;
V pokit-ftiol' u muoni, un' u
Daar'il-fuol' u bi'b'r ;
Gi'h'd luok' ti yuT' fed-'u-foo-l,
ftiVr;
Un' pli'h'z wil' yn gi mu mi
Kis' mus-baoks].
The line containing the word is
addressed to the miatrose of the
house, who, together with her
daughters, are usually identified
with the mercbandisa of the
poultry-yard. In cases where
the profits accruing ate not a
material item of the houoehold
rosourccs, the income to be ex-
tracted from the roaring of ducks,
geeee, and other fow& for the
market, makes an agreeable ad-
dition to pin-money. The vowel
in the &Bt syUable of [fed''u]
interchanges with [i].
Feah [fesh'], v. a to put about;
to importune; to exert body or
mind unduly ; gen. ' Don't fret
nor/i«A yourself about it— you '11
get over it ' [Din-ut frih't nur'
feeh' dhiaen' uboot' it'— dboo'l
git- aow-h't]. Paah[fka8h'](;rA.
Ol.) is heard, too, as a loss cha-
racteristic form.
Fest [feaf], v. a. to make fast;
gen.
Fert [fest], hiring-money ; gen.
' I ' ve got half-a-crown fell.' ' I
got five shillings for my /«( '
[Aa-vgit'u'n -i'tff-u-kroo'n fest-,
'Aa' gaat' taa'v shil'in fu -maa'
fest], Ood-psnny (gaod-peuij
40
yiD-TORKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
(often God's-penny) is as fre-
quently used, with the same
meaning, and is general to the
county.
Fct [fef], (=./iO» ^' *• *D'l ^- "•
to satisfy ; to seire properly. It
is a word with vaHed applica-
tion, in the sense of adapting
means to an end ; gen. * Nought
fets him' [Naowt* fets* im*].
Or, in irony, *Thou ^n/etten him
off at last, however' [Dhooz*
fetTi'n im* aof ut* laast', oo-
iv'u], paid him off at last.
* WTiich frock is to fet the child
on Sunday?' [Wich* froks' tu fet"
t beh'n u Suond'u ?] * Its old
blue one will fti for once * [It*
ao'h'd 'bli* un* ul* fet* fu
•yaans'].
Fetch [fech*], V. n. applied to
breathing, when respiration is a
heaving, painful effort. Wh, GL ;
gen. Also, substantively.
Fettle [fit- u'l, (and) fetu'l], v. a.
and so. of wide application. To
put or to be in condition in any
way. Wh. 01.; gen, to the
county. Has also an ironical
use. * I 'U /etth thy jacket for
thee' [Aal fitoi'l dhi jaak-it fu
dhu], ^-ill serve you out *Thou's
a bonnv fttiler ! ' [Dhooz* u
baoni ^t'lu !J You are a fine
fellow !
Fewpenny [fiwpeni, fih*'peiii], a
hinng-penny; Mid.
Fey [fey], v. a. and v. n. to
clear; gen. * Fey that hed^
bottom out' [Fey dhaat' y*
bod-'um oot*]. Also, to winnow
by hand.
Fezzon [fcz'un], v. a. to attack,
tooth-and-nail ; gen. Usually
joined to on. *Ue struck him,
out, mind you, didn't he turn
again and fezzon on him ! ' [£e
8?re*h'k im*, buot*, maa*nd j'u,
•did*nt i taon* ugi'h'n un* fez*un
on* im* !] ^Fe^zon on is to fasten
on, t.f. to seize and hold tena-
ciously.— W. W. S.]
FiUy-fidly [fibli-faali], v. il
to idle; Mid. *I shall /caWy-
fariy here no longer; I shall
eo ' [Aa- sul- fi'h'l^'H ih' nu
mang*ur ; Aa* sul* gaang*].
Findy [find-i], a4j. plentiful; a
word used in connection with
the weather-proverb :
' A drv March, an' a windy ;
A full bam, an' k findy*
rU d'raa* Me*h'ch, un* u win'd'i;
U fuol' baa-n, un* u fin'd'i].
Mid. It is averred, in explana-
tion, that the growth of com
will be, under these circum-
stanoes, remarkable for 'quan-
tity and quality.' [The Mid-
Ens, finden means 'to provide
for : and findy means * affording
abundant provisions.' — W.W. S.J
Fire-fimged [faaT,(and) faay*h*r*-
foangdj, adj. caiight, or charred
by the fire. Anything with an
overdone or burnt flavour. Also,
applied to a hot-tempered per-
son. Wh, 01. ; gen.
Fire-godi [faa-r, (and) faay*h*r-
gaods], a pair of bellows ; Mid.
Fire-pnr [faa-r, (and) faayh'r-
pur, paor, (and) nuor]. Par
Lpur, paor, (and) puor], a
poker; Mid.
Firetmatch [faa-r, (and) faay*h']v
smaach], a burnt flavour. ]Vh.
01,; Mid.
Firing [faarin, (and) f3aay*h'rin],
fueL Wh, 01.; gen.
Fit [fit*], a time of continuance.
Wh, 01. ; gen.
Fitchet [fich*it]; or Fonlmart
[foo'lmut]; or Fou'mart ffoo*-
mut], the pole-cat ; gen. Barn-
pests which, in some villages,
are bought up by the constable
of the townsmp, who is author-
ized to pay for them usually at
the rate of fourpence per head
Fitter [fit**ur], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to be visibly annoyed ; gen. 'He
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
41
war sadly fiUered over it' [Ee
wur* saad'li fit'*ud aowli't]. * Let
him fere and fitter y then ' [liit*
im* fe'h'r nn* fit*'u, dhen*], Let
him go his way, and be annoyed,
then.
Flack [flaak'l, vb. impers. and sb.
to piusate heavily ; gen.
Flaoker [flaak-ur], v. n. to flutter
heavily, as a wounded bird beats
with its winss, or as the heart
palpitates under excitement. Wh,
Ol,; gen. Also, substantively.
Flag [flaag*] ; or Flak [flaak*] ;
or Tldak ffli'h'k], flake; gen.
S&ow-flagrWao'h'-flaag]. Flak
is not much used, but is in-
variably employed in connection
with the word 9oot^ though not
usually compounded, [u flaak* u
Bi"h*t]. Flake is employed, too,
butonly inreflned speech [fle'h'k].
Flake [fli*h'kl, a ceiling-, or rafter-
rack, used for drying oat-cakes,
&c. ; gen.
Flam [flaam*], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to flatter. Wh, 01, ; qqh.
Flan [flaan'l v. n. and sb. to
spreskd; Mid. ' How she does ^an
with that gown of hers I ' [Oo*
shu d:iz *flaan* wi dhaat* goo'n u
u*z n A flower- vase * flans out'
at the top. Tlan-hat [flaan*-
aat*] is a summer-hat, with a
flapping brim, worn by the ferm-
erff wives.
Flannen [flaan-in, (and) flaan-un],
flannel; Nidd.
Flapado'sha [flaapniduoh-'shu],
a showy, active person, witii
superficial manners. ' Such flap-
ado'sha ways — I have no pa-
tience with them ' [Sa'yk* flaap*-
uduoh''shu wi'h'z — Aa*v ni*h*
pe'h'shuns wi um*].
Flappery [flaap-uri], the minor
equipments of dress — a loosely
comprehensive term. Wh, 01, ;
Mid.
Flattercap [flaat-'ucaap], applied
playfully to a wheedling or coax-
mg chili Wh, 01, ; gen.
Flanght [flaowt] ; or Fire-fllanght
[faa*r, (and) • faay "h'r - flaowt*],
applied to the particle of * live *
gaseous coal which darts out of
a fire; gen. It is always ex-
amined carefully, to see whether,
as a * purse,' it betokens good
luck, or, as a coffin, disaster to
the person it flies nearest to.
Flanm [flaoh'm], deceitful lan-
guage; Mid.
Flanmy [flao*h'mi],a4j. vulgarly
tine in dress. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Flann [flao'h'n], a custard. Wli,
01, ; Mid.
Flaup rflao*h'pl ; or Flope
[fluo'h'pj; or Flowp [flaowp],
sb. and v. n. one who is vulgarly
ostentatious in dress or manners,
or flippant in either. Wh. OL,
with ^e exception of the last
CLunciation. This, and the
, are general ; and the second
may be, but is most heard in Mid.
Flavoursonie [fl-.ih'vusum, fl:e*h'-
vusum], adj. having a decided
flavour; gen. There are also
old people who say [flaav'usum] ;
Mid.
Flay [fle-h*], V. a. to frighten.
Wh, 01, ; gen. to the county.
Flay -boggle [fle*h'bogu'l] ; or
Flay-cni^e [fle'hlaiwk, fle*h'-
krih'k], scarecrow. ^ Wh, 01, ;
gen.
Flaysome [fle-h'suom (and) sum],
adj. frightening, Wh. 01.; gen.
Fleak [fli-h'k], a wattle. Wh.
01, ; Mid. This word is also in
use, but not so commonly.
Fleck [flek*], a spot ; gen. Wh,
01.; pp.
Flee-be-sky [flee*- (and) flih*'-
biskaa*, (and) skaay*], usually
applied to a fussy, forgetful per-
son, young or old; also, to a
ridiciuously - dressed female.
42
lfID*TORKSHIEB GLOSSARY.
Someftimes used, too, of a flighty
peraon, as in the Wh. GL ; gen.
rieeee [fleesl familiarly em-
ployed in the sense of bodily
condition or bulk. Wh, 01. ; gen.
* He 's a bonny (fine) fleece of his
own ' [Eez* u baon*i flees* uv* iz*
ao'h^n, (and) e-h'n], will be said
in allusion to a very stout per-
son. To * shake •, fleece' [shaak*
u flees*] is, as in the Wh. 01,
to lose flesh, through illness, or
other cause.
Flee-monie [flee'-moo"8], the bat;
Mid.
Fleer [flih'r], sb., v. a., and t. n.
apphed to a person of loose flirt-
ing habits ; Mid.
Flejpper [flep-ur] ; or Flebber
[fleb*ur], V. n. and sb. to cry, and
make a lip, in noisy emotion ; to
sob; gen. * What's that bairn
flejmering ath' [Waats- dhaat'
be'nn flep'rin aat*]. The verb
is often shortened to flep [flep'],
with flepin [flepin], for the pres.
part There 18 a capricious vowel-
change, too, to be noted. 'What's
thou standing flipping and flep-
jpiny there at h Pretha(praytiiou,
or thee) have a g;ood roar, and
have done with it* fVVaats- tu
staanin flip-in un* flep'in dhi'hV
aat* ? Predn'u ev u gi*nd ruo'h'r,
im* ae dih'n wiv t]. Plebber
is the usual Nidderdale form,
likewise, at times, shortened to
fleb. *ne laid his head down
on f table, dLU^flehhered ' [I leh'd
iz* i-h'd doon* ut* te*h'Dul un*
fleb*ud]; Nidd.
Flew [fliwj, a p. t of flow J heard
from individuals in Mid- York-
shire. So also Bew [riw*], p. t.
of row,
Flig [flig]l» V. a- ai^d v. ii. to
fledge. Ilig, also, sb. a fledgling.
Fligged [fligd*], fledged, or
feathered. * Fligged and flown '
[Fligd* im flaown*] ; gen.
Flint [flint*}. To ' fix ' the flint
of any person, is to imi ve him
out; gen. The figim has an
obvious oonnectiam with the old
form of firelock.
Flipe [^fla'yp*], the brim or over-
hanging portion of a hat, or
bonnet; gen. 'She*s torn her
bonnet so that the flipe only
holds by the crown' [Shmr
ruov'u'n ur buon*it ee* ut* t
fla'yp' nuobnit aods* hi t kroo*n].
Flirtigig [flutigig, ^and)fl:ao*ti-
gig], a giddy female. The • is
very seldom added, as in the
Wh. OL ; gen.
Fliak [flisk], T. a. to filHp. Wh.
OL; Mid. Also, substantively.
Flit [flit'jyV. iL and sb. to remove
habitation. 'A moonlight fliV
[U mi'h'nleet flit'^, a removal
under suspicioQS cucomstances.
Wh. 01.; gen. Also, oocaaion-
ally, as an active vtrh,
Flite [fla*yt-l, v. n. and sb. to
scold, in a nigh key. Wh. OL ;
gen. * There 's such a flite going
on between them' [Dhuz* saa*k
u fla'yt* ffaanin on* utwi'h'n
urn*]. At chance times, tiie verb
is employed actively. ' He'll
flite you, if you do' [11* fla'yt*
dh.u im* dhuo diz*], wiU scold
you if you do-H9aid to a young
person.
Flither [flidhnir], a limpet ; gen.
Flizzen [flizii'n], v. n. To laugh
with the whole of the face, is to
flizzen; gen. Flizzy, a4j. ap-
plied to those who are inclined
to laugh at little, in this manner.
Flob [flob*], sb., V. a., and v. n. a
puit, or swelling; Mid. One
juvenile will challenge another
in this strain : * I can make a
bigger flob on my cheek than
thou can on thine' [Aa* kun*
maak* u big*u flob* o *maa*
cheek* un* dhoo* kaan* u 'dhaa*n].
To which the reply may be:
* Flob away, then ; thou 's always
UID-rOBK3HtRE OLOSSART.
43
fidbhing it ' [Flob' nwi'h', dhin* ;
dhooE' •y&urvB flob'iu it'].
Tlort [flaowt], ft sod of heath-
turt, used Eis fuel; eeu. 'A
creelful o' fiowW [U kree-lfiiol
tt fl&ow-tsl. BwaA [swBAsti'].
sdv. aJaaa, or clear ; Nidd.
Olueflf used in the imperative
mood. ' Stand m-ath, lads ! '
[Staan* swaotih', laadz' !] ' He
■tood swash of them ' [Eb stiwd
swaash' on' am'], stood clear of
FlowtermAiLt [flaowt'ument],
noisy talk, Wh. 01.; gen.
Flowtenome [flaowt'uaum], adj.
of a flighty, quarrelBome turn.
Wh. ai. ; gen.
Vlnff [fluof'j, ab, and v, a. applied
to anything of a downy or filmy
nature; gen. When used of a
feather, it, in a atrict sense, has
to do with the membranous part.
'There 'a a lot of fiug in one of
the copboard comers — pray thee
clean it out' [Dhuz' u lot' u
fiuof i yaan- ut- kuob-ud
ni-h'kfl— predhu tli'h'n it" oof],
'Thou'll^u/it up if thou doesn't
mind' [Dhool' fluof- it' uop' un-
til diz-u'iit maa'nd]. Also,
fignnitively, for any Ught temper
.of mind.
Plnka [fliwk-J, a large kind of
maggot. Plukod [fliwkt'], pp.
and Fluky [fliwk'i], adj. are
applied to the traces of this
worm. Wh. 01.; Mid.
Flnmpy [fluom'pi], adj. squat.
Wh. 01.; Mid.
Tlnah [fluoah-], v. u. to blush;
Uid. Tlnaby [fluoahi], adj. ia
commonly applied to any red
colonr; and so Fluaby-facad,
for rtd-factd, as in Wh. 01.
Tltlik [fluos-k], V, a. and sb. to
flush; gen. 'When ahe got her
letter, and saw who it waa from,
she was all in a jImI: and flutter'
[Won' shu gaat' ur' let''ur, un'
Bee-d we' it- waa -frev, ehih'
wur- -yaal- i n fluos-k un' fluot''-
ur]. A person treading the
grass Jluikt a partridge, and ia
also fia^ed himself by the sud-
den noise made.
Fluster [fluos'fur], sb. and v. a.
The usual meaning of this word
ia, a state of excitement, and it
ia variously applied in this sense.
The visible condition of an ex-
cited speaker would be fiuiUr,
as would also the rhodomontade
he was indulging in. So, also,
a hot skin eruption is called a
flutter. The word has also the
meaning of hurry. ' Ho 'a in a
^us'ertobeoii' [Bez' iufluoB'tu*
tubi:ao-f]. These various mean-
ings aeem to be implied in the
Wh. ai. ; gen.
Flni [fluoz-], V. a. and sb. bruise ;
Nidd. Fittzzer ia also used mb-
itantivtly, in a famihar way.
'That's a fltazer' [Dhaats- u
F6a1uea [fuoh-'ksiz], plural of
folk, when followed by a noun ;
gen. 'He'd rather mind other
fSafutt bueineaa than hia own'
[Eed' re-h'd'uT maa-nd udh-ur
fuoh-'ksiBbiz'nis'dhen'iz-BO'h'n].
' Some/oaki that were there told
me' [Suom- fuo'h'ks ut' wur'
dhi'h'r tild- mu].
FSttlfoot [fuoh''lf:ih't], coltafoot;
Mid.
F6at [fino'h't, fuoh-'t], foot The
old employ this form. Others
[f:uo-t]. J^oo(and/«( may be dis-
tinguished, but are not usually ;
the general form for the mng.
and plur. being [fi'h't].
Foy [fog-], after-grass. Wh. 01. ;
gen,
Fojrum [fuoh'gruml, most com-
monly heard employed as a
mildly offensive term, to'wards
upright, butobjectionable people;
; ' gen. ' An old /o-
Tn ao'h'd fuoh''grum].
rB''^n
44
IflB-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Foist [faoyst'l, sb. fust ; Foisty
[£Eu>y8'til acg. fusty. Wh. 01, ;
gen. Also applied to the smell
of anything in this state.
Fold-g^irth [faoh-*d-ge-h*th], fold,
or larm-yard, usually bounded
by the folds of the lire stock.
Wh, 01, ; gen. The enclosures
in immediate relation to the
farmstead all go by the name of
garths, as the8tackgarth[8taak'-
ge-hth], stick- [stik-], garden-
[g:e*h*din-], potatoe- [te-h'ti-],
apple- [aap*u*l-], goose- [gih-'s-l
(or pond- [p:uo*h*nd-J), and
other garths.
Folkstead [fuoh'ksti-h'd], an out-
door place of assembly for general
purposes. ' The chapel wouldn't
hold them all, so they made
a foiketead of the garth, and
started a meeting there * [Ohaapil
waad'u*nt aoh**d um ao'hl, soh'
dhe mi'h'd u fuoh*'ksti'h*d ut
ge*h*th, un* steh*'t'id u mih**tin
dhih*']. So, a market-place is
referred to as [t meh'Tdtsti'h'd] ;
and many other words are asso-
ciated with the idiom, as, beck-
st^ad [bek'sti'h'd], the bed of
the brook ; gardenst^ad [geh*'-
dinsti'h'd], the garden - plot ;
d&ystSad [deh-'sti-h'd], the day-
time ; noonstSad [nili''nsti*h'd],
noontime ; kyeat^ad [kaa*-,
k:aa*y-, (and) key-, k:ae*y-
(ref*) sti*h*d], a fenced enclosure,
where kine are herded, for tem-
!)orary purposes ; nightst^ad
neot'sti'n'djL the time, or, place
of night. The vowel in the first
part of the compound, as in
several of the other words, is
short only by position ; Mid.
Fond [faond*], adj. foolish. Fond
cruke, or crook [f:ao'nd kriwk*],
a foolish whim. Fond talk
[f:ao'nd tao'h'k], foolish talk.
Fond hoit [f:ao*nd aoyt], or
stupid fool, as the term is best
rendered. Fondness[f:ao*ndnu8],
foolishness. Fondy [f:ao*ndi],
fooL Wh,OL; gen. Also«t/7y.
*I'd a dizziness in my head,
that turned me fSedr (quite) fond'
[Aa*d u diz*inu8 i mi yi'h'd, at*
taond* mu ie'hV *£Eu>nd*]. Fond
fool [f:ao*nd fi'hl] is often used,
in emphatic phraseology. Fimd
is much favoured in proverb and
simile. * As fond as a door-nail '
[Uz* f:ao*nd uz* u di*h'r-n:e*h'l].
* As fond as a yat ' [Uz* fiao'nd
uz* u yaat']» or gate.
Foot&Uing [fih'tfiaoh'lin], the
period of confinement, or child-
birth. Wh, Of, ; gen.
Footing [fib'tinl; or Footings
[fi-h'tinz]; or Foot-Ale [fi*h*t-
yaal*], a levy of money by men-
servaute of every class, on those
who join them m the same em-
plojrment, and usuaUy expended
in ale, or, under important cir-
cumstances, a supper. Wh, QL ;
gen.
Forbear [f»0Tbih'r] ; or Fof-
elder ffiao'reld'u], an ancestor;
gen. The first vowel, in each
case, also interchanges with the
refined one [:u'] ; and the second
vowel {e) of the last form inter-
changes with [i].
Fore [faor, fur*], front ; gen.
* T /ore-door ' [T fur*-diwh*r].
The vowel is as often long as
short.
Fore [fuoh*'r], usually preceded
by to the [tu t], and employed
as an adverb. Beforehand. It
is frequently associated with a
slight idiom, as in the Wh, 01, ;
gen. * I must get up an hour
sooner to-morrow, and be to the
fore with my work a bit* [Aa*
mun* git* uop* un* uo*h' si'h'nu
tu m:uo*hn, un* bi tu t f.uo*h'r
wi mi waa'k u bit*]. ' Is all to
the fore, then ? ' [Iz* yaal* tu t
*f:uo-h'r, dhen*?], Is all quite
ready? Under some circum-
stences, the preposition inter-
changes with at, * Go, and get
at the fore* [(j^aangg*, un* git'
UID-YORKSIIIRE GLOSSAEr.
vi- i Kao-li'r]. 'He's at the
/ore of him ' [Eez" ut- 1 f:uo-h'r
u'u' iiu'3. He is beforehand with
Foie^nd [for'-end*, faor-end-,
fuof-end', fiir'-end'], bemnning;
gen. ' Start (begin) at the /ore-
end • [Staa-t ut- ftir--ena']. The
last pionamciatioii ie the refined,
but is in frequeat use. In all
th« (ormB, the e of end is inter-
changeable witb t. In this con-
necfion the Wh. 01, pronunciatioD
ffuo'h'r-end-] is, ererywhere,
m rural dialect, an extremely
refined one, and rarely heard.
Forefeelinp [faor-fd-h'lin, fm-
fd'hlin}, presentdment ; gen.
The prefix of the last form is the
refined one.
Foremind [&or-, fmoh' (and) fru-
eef.) maa'nd], v. a, to pre-de-
nniue; Mid.
Forkin -robin [faoli''kin-ruobin],
■ the earwig. Wh. 01. ; Mid. The
refined form [fu'kin-raob'in] is
in frequent use.
Fou r^^^< & waterfall, or ' force;'
Mid. This is the pronunciatioii
of the verb, tixi. ' I ehall be
forced (obUged) to go' [Aa* su'l
bi 'fsos' tu gaangg-J.
Fott [faost-l adj. firat ; gea
Pott [paost'], and hott [ooet-,
WBOst' ^and, caBuallv], whaost'j,
haTe, in mrol dialect, a cor-
reqmnding pronunciation. In,
the vpeech of educated northern
people, there is the undoubtful
aonnd of the short [o] in all such
words as l<nt, tost, tnoii, croat.
This class of people also preserve
words aa chop, dog, off, officf,
moth, broth, pother, frost, Tom,
gone, morning, long, long; all of
whi^ are made !« take the short
[o] sharply. In common dialect
there is a decided interchange of
[ao] and [o] in certain odd words,
as (am, hurt, post, durit. Other
words are subjected to the eome
Fonl [f:ooll, v. a. to dirty ; to
defile. Also to de&me, or slan-
der. Wh. 01. ; gen.
sal . fln^red
adj. thievish.
Toniing [foo-lin], fouling, i.e.
dirtying; gen. 'It'llfeta/ouZ-
i«g [It- u'l fet- u- foolin], it wiU
serve for a dirtying.
Foumart [foommt} ; or Foulmart
[fool-mut]; or Fiimniut [foom-
ut], the polecat ; gen. The first
two forma are in me Wh. 01.
Font [foawf, f:ao-h't], fool.
Ham's fout [maams' foawt-], as
the pet or spoiled child oi the
family ia Uesienated. Wh. 01.;
Mid.
Fonty [foawt'i, f:ao-h'ti], adj.
feulty. Wh. 01. ; gen. The
word is more used thui in ordi-
nary speech, as ia also the sub-
etantive form.
Frae by [freb-i], prep, from by,
i.e. in comparison with. Wh.
01. ; gen. The form is usoall^
sounded as one word, bat is
frequently heard as two words,
[freh-* bi].
Frflal [fr:ch'n J or Thrfial
[thr:e-ffl], flail; Mid. Called
also a awipple [swip-u'l].
Fratoll [fraach], v. n. and ab.
to wrangle, brawl, or quarrel
sharply in dispute; gen. The
initJaT letter interchanges, to
eome extent, with th. In the
south, as at Leeds, any other
form than the last is unusual,
the / being looked upon as an
imperfect sound, and rarely heaid
apart from children's converaa-
Fra'te [freh-'t], p. t. ot fret, to
grieve; Mid.
Frann^ [frao-h'nj], sb. and v. n.
an irregular excursion ; a frolic.
Wh. Ol; Mid.
46
MID-YORKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
Prav [fraav] ; or Frev [frev] ;
or Priv [friv] ; or Fruv [fruov,
fruvl ; or Fria [fri-h'] ; or Pr&
[fraej; or Pra'[£raeli*'T; orFreh
[fipe]; or Fr&a [fre*n*], prep.
m)m; gen. These formis are
not employed according to any
strict rule. The r is by no means
necessary before a following
vowel. Frav, firev, and firuv
are used more especially in con-
nection with past tenses of verbs,
but there is no restriction in the
matter. Sentences are often spun
out in homely speech, and would
be hopelessly complicated but
for being well served by a
changing form, as here exam-
pled.
Frem [frem*], adj. strange, or
foreign; unfamiliar. Wh, 01, ;
Mid. The vowel has a frequent
interchange with i,
Frenk [frengk-]; or Frank
[fraangk*], Frances ; gen. Thease
are also forms of the male proper
name, Francis.
Fresh [fresh*, fraesh*], a freshet,
or river in overflow. Applied,
also, to the additional volume of
water flooding the channel, as in
the Wh, 01. phrase, *A run of
fre$h * [U ruon" u fresh*]. Frush
tfruosh'] is also occasionally
leard from old people ; Mid.
Frevard [frevud, frivudj, prep.
frx>mwara, ue, in a direction,
or, tending, frx>m, as allied anti-
thetically to toward; gen.
Fridge [fnj*], v. a. and sb. to
fra-yi by attrition ; gen.
Frog-i'-t'-mouth [fraog-it-mooth*],
a popular name for the complaint
known as the thrush ; Mid.
Frowzy [froozi], acjj. sour or
harsh-looking. Wh, OL ; Mid.
Frtunity [fruom*uti], frumenty,
the Christmas preparation of
wheat, boiled and served with
spiced milk. Wh, 01. ; gen.
Fnuh [fruosh*], v. a. and sb.
nmiple; Mid.
Fadgeon [fuod-ju'n], sb. a squat,
fussy person. Wh. 01, ; Mid.
Also, a V. n. to fuss, with a
laboured activitv of manner, and
usually applied to persons of
short stature. * I overtook him
foing fudgeoning down the lane '
Aa* aowh'*rti*h'k im* gaan*in
: uod'ju'nin d:oo*n t luo'h'n].
Fuge [fiw-g] ; or Feage [fd'h'g],
usually preceded by 'old,' and
appUed to a female of advanced
years and disreputable character;
Mid. [What is called in some
parts a * fag ; ' as, an * old flsh-
lag,* i, e, an old fish woman
(Scott's novels).— W. W. S.]
Fugle Ffi w^*l], a term to which
an inaefimte meaning is aUotted,
and applied under circumstances
where manners or actions are in
anv way objectionable ; gen.
• I^U have my eye on that /ugh*
[Aa'l ev maa* ee* u *dhaat*
n w* ffu'l] . A tramp catches sight
of the constable, and it is re-
marked that the former has
'catched a glent o' f fugle'
[kaadit* u dlint' ut fiwgu 1],
Full [fiud'l], V. n. to run dry, aa
soft earth, when touched, after
long exposure to the sun ; Mid.
Fullock [fuolnik], v. n., v. a.,
and sb. to propel by a jerking
movement of the finger and
thumb. Wh, 01. (verb); gen.
Full soon [fuol'si'h'nl, adv. pre-
maturely. Full, also, adds to
the significance of various other
words — adjectives and adverbs.
Full sore [fuol* seh'r], adv.
sorely. Wh, OL; gen.
Fulth [fuolth-], fiJl, or fulness.
Wh. OL ; gen. *Gk> away ! thou
has had thy f tilth on 't * [Gaan*
uw:i*h'z! dhuoz* aad* 'dhaa*
fuolth* on t], Gh> away ! you
ha^ o had your fill of it ; Mid.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
47
Pur [fuor-]; or For [faor], fur-
row; gen.
Pur [^i^iT'l, prep, for; gen.
Though tms form is heard in
town dialect, its more frequent
recurrence, and the position it
occupies in sentences in rural
dialect, render it distinctive of
this phase. Fur is the recognised
form of the preposition in rural
dialect, as for [for*] is in town
dialect.
Purtherly [fuodh-uli], adj. for-
ward, or in good season. Wh,
01.; Mid.
PnstillLgs [fuos'tiluogz], an ill-
natured looking person. Wh.
01.; gen.
Potty [fuo8*ti], a(y. stuiffy; gen.
to the county.
pQ&dker [fuoz'ikurj, a donkey
gets this name ; Mid.
C^c^^^ [g^i^gg*] ; or Gan fgaan*],
used not only of a path, but also
to denote the course, or direction,
of a path. 'I's bown another
gan to-mom' [Aaz' buo'n un-
nod'*u gaan' tu muo'h'n], I am
going another way to-morrow;
gen.
Oaby [ge-h'bi, gi-hT)i] ; or Gawby
[gao'h'bi], a dunce, or clownish
person. Wh. Oh ; gen. Silly is
often prefixed.
Oad [gaad'l, a wooden rod, or
handle ; Mid. A stor^r is told of
a certain supposed witch, who
stopped a lad's ploughine-team,
in tne middle of a field. But
the lad was amply prepared,
haying a whipstock of wicken-
tree. With this, he touched his
horses, in turn, and broke the
spell, whereupon the old lady
^ye way to an angry rhythm-
ical exclamation :
*Damn the lad, wi' the roan-tree
gadl'
and disappeared. The moun-
tain-ash gets the various names
of wicken- [wik'un-], rowan-
[raow'un*], rown- [raown*-], and
r6an-tree [r:uo'h'n-t'ree]. Ban-
tree [raan'-t'ri] is another form,
the common one of Nidderdale.
Gadling [gaad'lin], a gadder;
Mid.
Oadly [gaadii], adj. of a gadding
turn; Mid. *Hold thy noise
with thee. Thou's as gadly as
any of the rest. An old knife
would not go between you'
rAoh'*d dhi naoyz wi dhu.
bhooz* uz* gaad'li uz* on'i u t
rist. Un* ao*h*d naa*f waad*u'nt
gaan* utwih''n yu],
Gae [ge'h*, geh-', gaav, gae*], pret.
of give, Wh. 01.; gen. Oah
[gaa*] is considered the vulgar
form, and is in readier use. The
first two forms are restricted in
use to where a following word
begins with a consonant. Be-
fore a vowel gave becomes gav
[gaav], and [gae*].
Gain Fge-h'n], adj. near. Gainer
[ge'Wur], nearer. Gainer-
hand rge*h*nur-aand*], nearer
to hana, or shorter. Oainest
^gi'h'nist], nearest. Oainly
^ge'h*nli], easily accessible ; con-
veniently near. Wh. 01. ; gen.
* Take over that close : thou '11
find it as gain again' [Taak*
aowh'r dhaat* tluo'h's: dhool*
fin* it* uz* 'ge'h'n ugi'h'u], Cross
that field: you'll find it (the
way) as near (or short) again;
i. e. a shorter distance by one
half.
Gallac-handed [gaal'uk-aan-did],
adj. left-handed. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Gallo'ses [gaal-usiz], sb. pi.
braces. Wh. 01. ; gen. Also,
* common in the singular [gaal*us].
Galore [guluo*h'r], in plenty, or
abundance. Wh. 01. ; gen.
(Jamashes [gaam'ushiz], sb. pi.
leggings worn by daytal- women
in the fields, during inclemcut
[I
48
MID-TORKSHIRK GLOSSARY.
weather; gen. Men's leggings are
called * spatter-dashes [spaat*'-
urdaashiz], and * splatterdashes *
[splaat*'urdaashiz].
Gktmlsh [gaam'ish] ; or Gamesome
[gaam'sum] ; or utim'y [gaam'i] ;
or OaxnUesome [gaam'nlsumj,
adj. froUcsome, or sportive. The
two first forms, given in the WK
01. f are general. The four are
hoard in Mid- Yorkshire.
Gkunmer [gaam-ur], v. n. to idle,
or trifle. Wh. 01. ; llid, *What
thou (are you) gammering
IS
away thy (your) time there for ? *
[Waats* tu saam'urin' uweh*
dhi taa*m dhi*h' fur* ?]
Gkunmerstags [gaam'ustaagzl^usu-
ally applied to a female of idle,
loose habits. WK 01.; Mid.
Ckui'by [gaan'baay, (and) baa*], a
slip-sme ; gen. Also figurative-
ly, * I gave him the gan'by * [Aa*
gaav im* t gaau'liaayj, gave
him the goby, or slip. Wh. 01. ;
gen
GkULg [gaangg-], a division of a
mine; Nidd. Lead-mines are
priDcipally worked upward, from
the base of a hill, so that there
are a continuous succession of
galleries, or gangs,
Gang [gaangg*] ; or Gan [gaan*],
V. n. go, Oanner [gaan'ur] ; or
Oanger [gaangg*urj, sb. goer.
Oanning [gaanln]; or Gang-
ing [gaangg-in], pp. going.
Gangingson fgaang-inz-iao'n]
(or, with the [gj elided), ffoings-
on=proceedings. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Ganggate [gaangg*-ge*h't (or)
gih-'t], an open way.
Gang [gaangg], a path ; also, a
narrow way of any kind. Often
used with a descriptive prefix,
as By gang [baagaang], Cross-
gang [kruosgaang], Downgang
[doon*gaang], Outgang [oot*-
gaang], TJpgang [uop-gaang]
in Wh. 01. ; gen. So Tow-gang
[taow* - gaang] for a towing-
path, Ings-gang [iugz--gaang],
the field-path by a river, and
Ower - gang [aowh*'r - gaang],
for the way over a hill. Aj^
affixed to words, as in Gang*
board [gaang*-b:uoh*d], for a
way-plank.
Gang aga*te [gaang* uge'h't (and)
ugi'h't], V. n. go away! gen.
The form most used imperatively,
when a scornful emphasLs is as-
sociated with the command.
Gang-drover [gaang* - drrwvnr] ;
or Gang-man [gaang* -munj,
the chief workman of a gang;
Nidd.
Ganger 11 [gaang'uril], a con*
temptuous torm applied to any
person who may be bid to go.
Also, to a sorry animal, as an
ill - tempered old horse ; Mid.
The Wh. 01. has < a pedlar, a
beggar, a toad.'
Gangery [gaang*urij, tawdry ap-
parel, finery ; Mid.
Ghtntree [gaan't'rij, a framework
of beam-like pieces of wood,
having square legs, and used for
laying beer-barrels on. Wh. OL ;
gen.
Gap [gaap*] ; or Gapst^ad [gaap*-
sti*n*d], any kind of opening;
gen. A gateway is often called
a gapstead.
Ckur [gaa'r], v. a. to cause, or
make. Wh. 01. ; Mid. Not much
used.
Gkurb [gaa*b], v. a. to bedizen, in
Wh. Ol.f but in Mid- Yorkshire
not usually employed in the
burlesque sense by which the
word is ordinarily identified. To
array one*s self too fashionably,
would call forth the term ; or to
pay a trifling over-attention to
dress, becomingly, but not con-
sidered nec^jssary for an occasion.
* Thou need not garb thyself out
so much ; it*s only a market-day'
[Dhoo nih*'du'nt gaa*b dhisen*
oot* su mich* ; itz* naobut u
mch*'kit-di*h']. .[Geh*'b, (and,
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
49
less frequently) ^.'e-hlb]^ are com-
mon pronunciations, too.
6arber [gaa'bur], v. a. and v. n.
to gather, or rake together
greedily; Mid. 'He's got his
brass (money) garhered, and knows
no good of it' [Eez* git'u'n iz*
braas* gaa'bud, un* nao'h'z n:e'h'
gi'h'd ont*]. In a one-handed
scramble for, say, broken pieces
of tobacoo-pipe stem, whicn are
in favour for the yarious orna-
mental uses they ccm be put to
when strung toeether, bead-like,
one juTenile wiU check another^s
eagerness by calling out, that he
IB ^garhering with both hands'
[gaa'burin wi be'h'th aanz'].
6arfit8 [gaa-fits], sb. pL the eat-
able appurtenances of a fowl.
The Wh, Gl. includes those of
eeese in the term. These, in
SCd-Yorks., are more commonly
called gr^blets [jib'lits]. Oib-
let-pie [jib'lit-paa*].
6am [gaa-n], sb. and adj. yam;
gen. Also [ge'h'n].
Ckurth [ge'h'th]. This tenn, ex-
ampled in the Wh, GL, is, in
Mla-Yorks., and the rural north
generally, applied to an open
enclosure of any kind, per-
taining to a homestead, or other
building. Kirk-garth [kurk*-
ge-h'th-]. Hall-garth |ao-h'l--
ge'h'tii]. Barn-garth [baa*n-
ge-h'th1, rield-garth [fih'ld--
ge-h'thj; gen.
Qairer [gaaTur], v. n. and sb. to
ply the tongue imfairly, in a
Snvy manner. * Sike garvering
eed* [Sa'yk gaa'vu'rin dee'd],
such undemeatii work.
Oate [ge'h't, g:i'h't], way, literally
and Sguratiyely. Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Old people employ the last form.
Gate [gib't, geh''t], a portion of
common pasture land, enou^ to
proyideforonecow; gen. 'Uow-
gates' [koo'gih*'ts] are allotted
to the poor of a ' township ' for a
small yearly rent. Not always,
but generally, on the part of old
landed proprietors.
Gateage [ge*h*tij, gi'b'tij], pas-
turage. Also, the rental of
pasturage. Wh, Gl,; gen.
Ganfer [gaoh*'fur], a description
of tea-cake (the varieties are a
pleasant feature of a country-
nouse table) made of very light
paste, with an abundance of cur-
rants added. The ' pricking-
fork' is freely used upon it;
gen. [Cf. F» gaufre, a wafer,
which word often meant a cake^
in old English.— W. W.' S.]
Gauge [geh'j], v. a. gauge ; gen.
But mostly used in a conversa-
tional way, with the meaning of,
to measure the appetite in re-
spect to proportion. A husband
will, with an imgenerous hu-
mour, say at the dinner-table,
'Thou's gauged us to a hair's-
breadth with thy pudding to-day,
dame ' [Dhooz* ^h'jd uz* tiv u
:e*h'z-bri'h'dh wi dhi puodin tu
d:i-h', dih'm].
Gaum [gao-h'm, giuo'h'm]. This,
exampled in the Wh, Gl, as an
active verb, to understand, is in
general use in this sense, and in
Mid- Yorkshire is also employed
in a neuter sense, and as a tuh^
staniive, 'Thou's no gaum in
thee' [Dhooz* ne'h' gao'h'm i
dhu]. As a verb, it also carries
the meaning of, to comprehend ;
as, also, to listen attentively. ' Is
thee gauming, now ? * * Aye, I 've
been gauming all the time ' [Iz*
tu gao'h'min, nooP Aey, A a*
bin* gao'h'min yaal* t taa*m].
Gaumiah [gao-h'mish], know-
ing; of a dever understanding
{Wh. GL; gen.).
Gaiip[gao*h'p,g:uo*h'p]; orGanve
[^ao'h'v], V. n. These words,
witii one meaning in the Wh,
GL, have some distinction in
Mid- Yorks. and Nidderdale ; the
former word meaning to gape
4
50
MID-TORKSHIKE GLOSSARY.
only, and tlie latter to gape and
stare together. To stare only is,
as at Wnitby, to gloor [gl:uoli'*r
(and) gluo'h'rl. Qauving ( Wh.
01.), staring, with a clown-like
expression. Also, as Tbs. act.
occasionally.
Gauvey [gao-h'vi]; or Oanvison
[gao'h'visun], a uiincei or simple-
ton. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Gawk [gaoh-Tc] ; or Oowk
(gaowk'J, cuckoo ; ^ gen. The
ength of time during which it
is heard is also designated by the
same terms.
Oawk-liand fgao-hlcaand'], the
left hand. Wh, 01. ; gen. Cf.
F. gauche. See Oallac-nanded.
Gay [ge'h*], adj. a term affirming
a satisfactory condition, and cor-
responding to ' brave* in colloquial
usage ; as, gay in health, in the
state of the weather, in size, or
in number. Oayish, fairish.
Oayly, adv.. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Otop [gib''pl, V. n. to cry out
loudly, or bawl; to gape (and
euhstantivdy), Wh, 01. ; gen.
In the first sense, there is, too,
a Buhetaniive use of the word,
when the noise made is a single,
and not a continuous cry.
G6ar [gi'h'r], possessions, or be-
longmgs of any kind, as house-
hold goods, property, riches, or
personal apparel, f^or any kind
of harness, the plural [gi'h'z] is
also used. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Oeavelook [gi'hVluk], a crowbar ;
Wh, 01. ; gen.
OSavle [gi'h'vu'l], gable ; Mid.
Geed [geed-, gih**d], pret. went ;
WK 01. ; Mid. The last is the
most frequent pronunciation.
Geen [gee-n] ; or Gin [gin*], pp.
and adj . given. Also used ioiom-
atically, as in the phrase *^tn,'
or, * geen again * [gin*, (or) gee'n
ug:i*h*nj, relented or turned to
an origmal condition^ after any
manner, — said of persons, or
thin^. Wh, 01,; gen. The
verb 18 also freely used with tiiia
meanmg.
Gelt [gelt], gain; Mid. 'I
sniled a bird yesterday, as big
as a nanpie, and, while I was
doing it, I sluthered with one
fond foot, and over went my
egg -basket; so there wemt
much gelt out of that' [Aa*
snaa'ld u bcuxl' yuos'fudu, uz
big* uz' u naau'paa", un* waal
Aa waar' di'h'u'nt :Aa' sluodh'ud
wi yaan' f:aoTid fih'*t, un' aowh'
wint* maa ig* baas'kit ; se'h'
dhu waa'nt mich' gelt' oot* u
*dhaat*], I snared a oird yester-
day, and, while I was doing it, I
slipped [the dialect verb implies
a sliding movement] with one
fool of a foot, &c.
Gender [jen-d'ur, jin'd'tir], r. n.,
T. a«, and sb., to shake noisily, as
loose window-frames, te the rum-
ble of a vehicle ; gen.
Gentle [jintul], adj. well-bom;
Mid. High [rey] is also used,
and more commonly. * I- care
not whether he's high or low'
[Aa* keh''ru*nt wid'*ur eez* ;e*y
ur lao'h']. Gentle and Simple
[jin'tul un* sim'pul], the phrase
quoted in the Wh, 01,, is also
constantly used. Old people em-
ploy, too, both [e] and [ih**] for
the [i] in the last word.
Geometries [jaoh-'mutriz], said
of anything in rags or tatters.
Wh, 01, ; Mid.
Gep [g6P'l» V. n. gape. Wli, Gl. ;
gen. ' Thou 's (thou art) like a
gorpin: thou's alwaj^s geppin'
[Dhooz' laa'k u gao*h*pin : dhuoz*
yaal'us gep 'in],
Gess [ges*] ; or GiflS [gis*] ; or
Oers [gu's]; or Oress [gres'l,
grass. Oess and Oers, witn
Oress, as an occasional form,
are general. Oiss is a Mid-
Tork. form.
MID-TOBKSHIKB GLOSSARY.
Oet [git']' ^^^^^ i offBprmg ;
epeci«8 ; kind. TTA. Gl. ; gen,
The verb haa also this pronuncut-
Gether [ged-'ur, gid-'ur], v. &. the
pronauciation (i^lAer; gen.
Qettingt [git'inz], gifts ; Mid. A
poor person ■will make a daily
journey to a dwelling for bei
gettingt, which may aasume any
form, Huch as btt>ken victuale, a
dole of milk, or & pittance in
money.
OtWgOW [giw-gaowl, a Jew's-
hMp; gen. Wh. 01. In this
glowary, the word hae also the
meaning of ' any nick-nack, or
tiifle.' In Mid-Yorks. there is
an altered pronunciation for
this Isflt meaning, [g:i'h' giao'h],
which is indeed meifily the pro-
nunciation of gewgato. The first
pronunciation is peculiar, and
further noticeable, because the
aoimd made bv the instrument
deecribed is almost reproduced
in the word. The word is also
used figuratively, of a liinpleton.
Gib [gib'}, a hook, either natural
to tae end of a stick, or made for
the end of one. Not uec«asarily
• wooden book, as at Whitby.
A boat-hook would be described
•a ' a long pole, with a gib at the
end ' [u looDg' paow'l) wi u gib-
nt' t ind']; gen.
Oif [gif ■]. coiy. if. A casual form,
mostly heanl in Nidderdole.
Gift [gift'], a white speck on the
finger-nail, superstitioualy looked
on as forerunning a gift of some
kind.
'A g(/l a' my finger.
Is eure to linger ;
But a gi/t on my thumb.
Is sure to come.
rU g^ft- n mi flngpur,
Iz* si'h r tu lingg'ur;
Bud' u gift' u mi thuo'm,
!■• ri'h'r tu kno'm].
HiffTgig'], a state of flurry ; Mid.
'He'eon tho^i'ff tobeoff' [Eez-
ut' gig' tu bi :ao'f]. ' In a gig to
go' [I 1 Sig" til g»an']. in
■ ■ " " to go. [Cf. 1
-W.W. 8.] "'
state of flurry to go. MJf. 1
phrase ' all agog' (^hn Gilpin),
Giglet [giglit] ; or Giglot [gig'-
lut], a laughing, thougnUesa
female. The last term is general:
the first (ITA. Qt.) is also a Mid-
Yorkshire one.
Gildert [gildut], a horse-hair
noose, fixed on the ground, for
catching birds. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Gill [gil'], a woody glen. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
QUlet [gil'itl ; or GQt [gilt'l ; or
Oalt [gelt-]; or Oolt [gaolt'], a
young sow. With the exception
of the last one, heard in Nidder-
dale, these forms are general.
Oimlet-eye [gimlit-ee"], a free
term for a squinting eye. Wh,
61.; gen.
Gimmer [gimur], a young ewe,
or BOW. The word may be used
alone (the object being under-
stood), or as a qualifying term,
as in the Wh. 01. examples, 'A
gimmer lamb ' [U zim-ur laain'j,
' A gimmtr hog ' [U gim'ur og'J j
gen.
Gin fgin-l, conj. though. Wh.
01. : Mid.
Gin [gin-] ; or Gif [gif-] ; or Gift
[gat'l, conj. if. iTie fiist is the
usual"' ■ ■
lost a
Gird [gurd'l, a task of strength ;
a bout ; Mid. A poorly person
will say, in humorous reference
to hie W3ak condition : ' I 's (I 'm)
middling at meal-times, but I 'vs
hardieh girdi between ' [Aa-s
mid-lin ut- mi'h'l-taa'mz, bud'
:AaT aa'dieh gutdz' utwee'n].
Glrdei [gaordu], a cooper. Gird,
T. a. and sb. t^ hoop. Mid.
52
lim-TORKSHIRE OLOSSART.
Oise [ja'ys'], v. n. and v. a, to
pasture ; gen. Oistur fjis'-
tu], a oow in pasturage. ' He 's
some oxen gising in Twenty-
lands ' (name of a field], [Ee^*
suom* ooz'un ja'ys*in i Twih-'n'ti-
laanz'].
Oitten [git-u'n] ; or Gotten fget--
u*n],pp. got; gen. These forms
are ahnost in equal use, the first
being the most characteristic.
Neimer form is heard in town
dialect, the pp. general to these
phases being [got'u'n].
Oizard [giz'ud], a person ridicul-
ously dressed, disguised, or in
masked character. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Oizsen [giz'un], y. n. and sb. to
grin audibly; gen.
Olazzen [dlaaz'u*n], y. a. to glaze,
or furnish with window-glass.
Glazsener [dlaaz'nu], glazier.
Wh, 01, ; gen. Also, commonly,
as a neuter verb,
Ol^ad [dU-h'd] ; or Gled Idled-] ;
or Olid [dlid*], the kite. The
two first forms {Wh, 01,) are
general ; the last a Mid-Torks.
Glee [dlee*1, y. n. and sb. to
squint; Mid.
Gleg [dleg*], y. a., v. n., and sb.
to glance askance, or slily. Wh,
01, ; gen.
OHb [dlib-] ; or GUbby [dlib-i],
adj. slippery; Mid.
Glif [dlif*], a sight, or open
yiew ; gen. The Wh, 01, has * a
fright,' but in Mid- Yorkshire,
ana elsewhere, the term does not
necessarily imply fear or terror,
imless qualified adjectiyally, as
in the Whitby example, * 1 got
a sore yliff* [Aa* gaat* u se'n*r
dlif-] (md.). Tie participle
glif d [dlifk*] is occasionally
heard, too, but not the verb,
Olift [dliftj, a sHght look, or
glance. Wh,Ol,;geiL So, too,
in this case the participle (glifted
[dHf-tid]) is in common use, but
not the verb; (Mid.) 'He wbb
f)ing across the lane end, and
only just glifted him * [Ee wur'
gaan'in ukSruos* t luo'h'n ind%
un* :Aa naobnit juos* dlif *tid im*].
Glime [dlaa-m, dleym (ref.)],
y. a., y. n., and sb. to stare, in a
searching manner ; Mid.
Glimpt [dlimt*], glimpse. A com-
mon pronunciation in Mid-Tork«
shire.
Glink [dlingk-], sb., y. a., and
y. h. a short watchful glance;
Mid. ' From glinking he got to
* [Frao 'dling'kin i gaat*
gliming
tu *dla^
*dlaa'min], got to staring.
See Olime,
Gliflk [dlisk'l, yb. impers. glisten.
Wh, 01 ; Mid.
016aming [dluoh'min], the twi-
light. Wh, 01. ; gen. The verb
gl6am is in general use, too, and
is yery common in Mid- York-
shire. * It begins to gloam ' [It*
biginz* tu dluo*h*m]. *I must
be going homewflurds before it
gloauie * [Aa* mun* bi gaan'in
yaam'udz ufuo'h'rit* dluo'h'mz].
GI6ar [dluoh*r], y. n. and sb. to
stare. Wh. Gl,; gen.
Olor [dlaor*], adj. and sb. tremu-
lous. Always used in relation to
some fatty substance. Wh, 01, ;
Sen. Of a very fat person, whose
esh shakes upon her, it will be
said, * She 's fair glor fat * [Shooz*
fe'h*r dlaor* faat*], quite loose fat.
Olnm [dluom], adj. and y. n.
sullen ; gloomy. Wh, 01, ; gen.
'If thou doesn't want it, say
thou does n't : thou need not go
and glum oyer it * [Un* tu duoz*-
u'nt waant* it', se'h' dhoo diz*-
u'nt : dhoo nih''du'nt gaan* un*
dluom* aowh' t],
1 u m p 8 [dluomps*], sulks.
Glumpy [dIuom*pi], a4j. sulky.
Wh, 01,; gen. Also glump
gluomn*], y. n. to sulk. * Pray
ee, what's thou glumping at F '
I
>
HID-YORKSBlRK QL038ART.
QnU [naaT], a knot, or natural
knob, as in timber. Wh. Ql. ;
Mid.
Churl [naal], v. n, to gnaw. Wh.
01. ; K«n. Also, in frequent use
aeUvay, and as a tubttaniive.
Chlit [nit'], gnat ; Mid.
Qob [gaob'l, eb. and v. a. mouth*
Exampled ae a lubrlantive in the
Wh. 01., but common as a verb,
too, in Mid-Yorka. and Nidder-
dale. 'Watch me gob that up'
rWaach' mee' gaob' dboat' uop\].
The word can onlf be here roa.
deied eat fayan association with the
Indicrooft— ' mouth' [maawdh]
being the equiralent.
Gobble j^gaob-u'J], r. n. to talk
in an mdolent, coarse, aaeuming
manner, with great action of the
mouth. Wh. 01. ; Uid.
Ooblet-glou [gobiit - dlaaa], a
large drinking- glass. Wh. Ql. ;
UiS.
Qoblook [gob'Ittk], a large mouth-
ful; Mid.
Oobftrin; [gaoh'sfring], a bridle,
tamiliarly. Wh. 01.; Mid
Gobvent [gaob-vint], uttemnce,
familiarly The Hrst Towel ia
often HuWituted by a medial
one; gen.
Oodderly [gaod-'urU, guoh'd'uli],
*dj. aftable ; Mid.
Godjpenay [gaodzpeni], eomeat
money, given at the statuto-
hirings; Wh. 01.; gen. This
but tiie sign is oftener wanting;
the form being [gaod'peni].
Golcnhei [gol-ushizj, sb. pL bw
gaiters for protectmg the ankles
and feet; IFA. 0(. ; gen. A Mid-
Yorkshireman will also call them
his low [lao'h'} or ankle-g&itera
[aang-kul- g;i-h'f uz] .
Goipr
p] ; or Golper [gol-pu] ;
newly-hal
; Mid.
' [U be-h'r goH
uia'Btf. 'Aa bare as a goiper'
[Ub- beh'r ub- u gol-pu J_ Th»
Qoodlike [ga-h'dlaa-k, leyk (re-
fined)], a!^'. good-looking. Wh.
Oi. ; gen.
Good lale [gih-'d seh'l] ! usuaUj
an iiiUrjectioTi, but may be em-
ployed auiufaufivefy. An old form
of leave-taking. The Wh. Ql.
notes the form as obsolete, but
in Mid-Yorkshiie it is still com-
mon enough over the threaholdt
and also over t' aud yat [t^ao'h'd
yaat'l, as the 'houscgarth'-gate
IS called, when neighbouie fpt
by, bound to market, or bu,
with their produce, or cattle.
[The form is sometimes, as is in-
dicated above, associated (by &
natural mistake) with wishing »
seller success. It means, how-
ever, ' good luck t« you.' See
BmI in Gloa. B. 16 (E. D. S.}. It
is merely A,3. »tki, which means
(1) season, time, (2) luck, pro»>
perity, £c., &e. The connection
with laie in the selling sense
was easily made, though it had
none whatever. In Essex, hojf-
ade means the hay-season. It ia
very common.— W. W. S.]
Gorpin [gaoh-'pi^ ;
Gotten [gota'n], pp. begotten;
gen.
GobI [gaowl, g;uo'h'l], v. impers.
and sb. said of the wmd, when it
comes in noisy gusts. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Gowk [gaowk -1 ; or 6dak [guoh-'kl
A stack which has been cut round
54
MID-YORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
part of an apple or pear is its
gowk ; but, applied to this fruit,
there are yanations, and g is
changed quite usually for c, too.
There are these forms, general,
like the above. Oowk [gaowk*,
gaowk] ; or Ooak [guoh'*k,
g:uo*h'k]; or Gaohk [gaoh*'k,
gao'h'k, gao'k (refined)] ; or O^ak
fg'.i'h'k], each changing the initial
letter for c [k], which is as fre-
quently heard.
Gowk [gaowk*] ; or Gawk
[gaoh-'k] ; or Gawky [gaoh'Td];
or Gawkhead [gaoh-lLii'h'd (and)
y:i'h*d], applied to a person of
foolish, awkward behaviour. The
three first forms {Wh, 01.) are
general ; the last one Mid.
Gowland [gaowlund, giao'blund,
(and, in each case,) lun], mari-
gold. Wh. 01,; gen.
Gowjien [gaowpin, giao'h'pin], a
handful. T\^. 01 ; gen.
Goy! [g:ao-y, gao-y,] a petty
oath ; Upper Nidd.
Gradely [gre-h'dli], a<ij. and adv.
upright; decent; orderly; gen.
Graft [graaft*], a hole, or spade-
cuttiug ; as the patch of ground
left bare where turf has been
dug, or where the excavation for
a house has been made ; Nidd.
Graith [gre-h'dh] ; or Graithing
[gre'h dhin], material belongings
of any description. * Tea-^ni iM-
ing [Ti*h'-gr:e'h'dhin]. Qraithed
[^re-hMhdJ, equipped, or fur-
nished, after any manner, mi,
01, ; Mid.
Grass-chat [graas'-chaat], a small
• field-bird; gen.
Grave [gre-h'v] ; or Greave
[grih'vj, V. n. and v. a. to dig,
with a spade; gen. Wh, OL;
* Is thou boun (going) to pick ? *
— to use the mattock. * Nay, I
shall greave a bit ' [Iz* tu boo'n
tu 'pik* ? Nae*, Aayz 'grii'hV u
bit']. The last form is the com-
monest.
Greasehom [grih'siao'h'n], a flat-
terer. Wn, 01, ; gen. Also
grease [gri'h'z], v. a. to flatter.
Great foul [gri-h't fool], adj. ap-
plied to any object of great, awk-
ward size. Wh, 01,; gen. In
very emphatic language, the
pronunciation would be ['gut*-
f:aa*wl].
Great likely [grih't laakli], adv.
very likely. Wh, 01, ; gen. Also
Very likelins [vaar-u laa'klinz],
with the same import.
Greave [gri-hV], v. n. and v. a.
to dig; gen. 'I am ^ing to
greave potatoes' [Aa*z boon' tu
gri-h'v te*h*tiz].
Greed [gree-d, grih-'d], a greedy
person. Also greediness. Wh,
01, The first signification is a
Mid-Yorks. one; the last is
general.
Green [green*], evergreen, for
which word green receives no
addition in the plural. Also, a
leafy twig, or small bough, of
any kind ; gen.
Greet [gree't], v. n. to weep.
Wh, Gl. : gen., with this pro-
nunciation. In Mid- York., the
pronunciation is very fre<iuently
[grit*]. The past is subject to a
vowel - change, too, the forms
being [grit'irn] and [gruotu'n].
*When thou*s grutten thy een
(eyesj out, thou '11 maybe give
over, — you will perhaps give up
[Wen* dhuoz' gruot'u'n dni 'ee'n
oot', dhuol* meb* i gi aow*h*r].
Grime [graa-m], sb. and v. a.
soot. To blacken. Also used
figuratively. Grimy [^raa'mi],
adj. blackened, as with soot,
coal, or charred wood. HTi. 01, ;
gen.
Griming [graa'minl, a sprinkling
of any light fl^Ky substance.
Wh, 01, ; gen. The word is
rarely used of anything but snow.
It is a Leeds form, too.
Grip [grip*], a cross-furrow, or
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
55
spade - cutting, trayersing tho
'luida' {see) of a field; gon. Its
use, is to receive the waters of the
ordinaiT furrows, for conveyance
to the ditch.
Crip [grip 'If V- a. and sb. to
grasp, or clutch. Wh, GL ; gen.
Gripe [graa-p, greyp (ref.)], a
dung-fork. Wh. 01, ; gen.
6ri^ho*d [griped], any pro-
minent part of an object afford-
ing a convenience, or intended, for
grasping. Wh, GL ; gen. When
sacks of grain, or flour, are sewn
at the mouth, lugs [luogz*], or
ears, are foshioned at each end,
for affording grip-hod.
Groats [grmo'h'ts], sb. pi. oats;
gen. No other kind of grain is as-
sociated with so many pronuDcia-
tionsL In addition to the above,
are these : fgrie'h'ts], rgrih*'ts].
'wuoh*'tsj (and medial); [aavuz
yaaT*Tiz]. The first and last
forms are occasional; the form
with initial w being most cha-
racteristic, and, joined to this
letter, h is often clearly heard, as
in [whots*].
Grob [grob'], applied in derision,
playfully, or otherwise, to a di-
minutive person. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Grob [grob'j, V. n- to grope, to feel
for with tne hand, where the sit-
uation is one impeding or confin-
ing search. Wh. GL ; gen. Also
grob, exampled as a ppr. in the
Wh. GL, 'wandering or trifling
£rom place to place.' In this
sense, the verb with its participle
carries the same implication of
impediment. A perpon goes
grobbing about in unfrequented
places, or where he or she has
no business ; or, one will be
grobbing about a large garden,
in nooks and behind trees, seen
one moment and lost the next.
In common use, too, actively.
Grobble [grob'u'l], v. n. to work
the finger, or any pointed in-
strument, in a manner that will
make a hole, or enlarge one.
Wh. GL ; ffen. « That child has
f'Tobhled a hole iu that pinafore'
Dhaat* be'h'nz grob'u'ltt u uo'hl
1 dhaat' slip*]. * He 's been having
the poker, and he's grabbled a
hole ui the ash-nook ' (the place
underneath the fire-srate), [Eezr
bin* evin t puo'h*'kur, un* iz*
CTob-uld u uo'h'l i t aas*-n:i*h'k.]
Also, as an active verb, with great
frequency.
Gross [gros*], adj. commonly em-
ployed for stout, and fat; gen.
• A grossy body ' [U gros'i baod'i],
a stout person.
Grou [graow], adj. grim; por-
tentously dull in appearance.
Wh. GL ; gen. Also grousome
[graow'sum], adj., but less used.
Grout [grrfowt*], sediment of a
coarse nature, such as the par-
ticles left in a tea-cup ; gen.
Gmb [gniob*], a gnibbiiig-spade ;
Mid. * A dock-^rwfc ' fU dok*-
gruob]. Docks, and dockens,
are weeds.
Gmff [gruof], v. n. to snore, in a
short, noisy manner ;' to grunt.
Wh. GL; And. Also, substantively.
Gmndage [gruon*dij], ground
rent Wh. GL ; gen. In Mid-
Yorka, the term is also used in
the sense of a sufficiency of
ground. A small * house-garth '
will be complained of as afford-
ing * no gmndage * for anvthing,
* stick, stieuik, nor nought [stik%
staak*, nur* n:ao*wt].
Grnnstone [gruonstunj ; or
Grunlestone rgruon*u'lstun], a
grindstone. Wh. QL; gen.
Gnmtle [gruontu'l], v. n. and sb. ;
exampled as a verb only in the
Wh. Oh A weak complaining
56
HID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
grant, or, as in the case of an
ailing cow, a kind of whistling
groan. A sow habitually grants,
bat its litter are at most times
disposed to gruntle. So, peevish
children are said to gruntle;
but the word loses character
when thus transferred.
Ghulevat [gaaivut] ; or Gnilefat
r^aa'lfut], the tub used for
liquor in ferment. Also used in
respect of the tub and contents
together. Wh. 01.; gen. The
pronunciations are quite as often
[gaayl'vaat] and [gaayl'fut].
Qmne [gaa'z], v. n. to masquerade.
OhUb [gaolz'J, otherwise oatmeal
• hasty - pudding ; ' Nidd. The
latter, pronounced [:i*h*8ti (or)
y:i*VBti-puod'in], is general to
Mid-YorK. and uie south. The
boiling process is literally a hasty
one, as, if left for a moment, the
preparation spoils. Hence, per-
haps, the name.
Gunnel fguon'il], a walled narrow
way; Nidd.
CKim [gur''n, gu-n, gun', gaon*] ;
or Oen [gen*] ; or Gh^an fgri'h'n],
y. n. and sb. to grin. Also, used
in respect of the half crying tone
in which children complain. 'If
thee doesn't give over gurning^ 1*11
fell thee, as flat as a pancake ! '
[If* tu diz'u'nt gi aowh r gur'*nin
Aa'l -fel* dhu, uz* flaat* uz* u
paan*k:e*h'k !] Such sentences are
not ouite so nerce as they look.
The nrst is a general term ; and
all are common to Mid-Yorks.
Hack [aak*, yaak'l a kind of
pickaxe, or mattock, without the
olade end. Wh, GL ; gen.
Sackle [aak-ul], v. n. to fit well ;
to accord with any position ; gen.
A garment hackles well to a
person's back ; and a new servant
to the duties of an old one.
'She hackles well to her work,
however* [Shoo aak'uiz weei
tiy u waa'k, oo-iv*u].
Hackle [aaku'l], v. a to dress
the ground ; to harrow it. Wh.
GL ; Mid.
Haddock [aad-uk], a pile of
sheaves, commonly twelve in
number; gen.
Haffie [aafm*], yaafni'l], v. n. to
hesitate in speaking; to speak
confusedly, and with indedsioo.
Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Hag [aag*], nust^ or haze. Wh.
01. ; gen.
Hag [aag*], a rock, or abrupt
cuffy prominence. Wh. 01. ;
Mid.
Hag [aag*], a coppice; any lo-
cality growing stout underwood.
Hag [aag*], v. a. to become jaded
or toil-worn in appearance; to
toil ; Wd. ' I was sore hagged
with going' [Aa* wur se'Vr
aagd* wi ^aang*ing]; [Aag*in-
aat' it*], tolling at it.
Ha^-olog [aag'-tlog], a chop-
pmg- block. Wh. GL; Mid.
Hag, .V. a. and y. n. to chip, or
hack, is general.
Haggle [aag'u'l], v. n. to chaffer,
or banter. Also, verb intpers.,
to haiL Wh. GL ; gen. Haggle-
stone [aag'ulsti'h^], a hailstone.
(Also [aag*8ti*h*n] or [ste'h'n],
as yoimger speakers say) ; Mid.
Hag-worm [aag'waom], applied
to all kinds of snakes, which are
rarely found out of woods. See
the second substantive form Hag.
Hair-breed [y:e'h'r-bree*d, (and)
brih-*d], hJr*8 - breadth. Wh.
GL; gen.
Ha'ke [eh-*k], sb. and v. n, the
pronunciation of hawk. Also the
pronunciation of hawk^ a bird ;
Mid,
Hake [e-h*k, ye-h*k], v. n. to
lounge about, with idle curiosit}'.
Also, a grasping, covetous persoa
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Hal [aal], Henry, or Harry ; gen.
HID-TORKSHIRK 6L0SSART.
57
Hale [:e'h% y:e'lil], the handle of
a plough ; Mid.
Hale [yeh**l], y. a. to pour, in
large quantity; to bale. Wh,
01. ; gen.
Hallilrin [aal-ikin] ; or Hal [aal*]^
a fooHsh person ; gen.
Hammer [yaamni*r], y. n. to
stammer, as one hampered for
words. Wh. Ql. ; gen.
Hammerblater [aam*a-ble'h'-
fu], the snipe ; gen.
Hamper [aam'pu],y. a. to burden.
Also, to infest. Wh. Ql. The
first sense is general; the hist
obtains in Mid-Torks.
Hamsam[aam'saam'],ady. To lay
anything JuvrMam^ is to heap to-
gether; gen.
Hanch [aansh*], y. n. snatch;
Mid. 'What are ye hanching
and clicking at, there P ' pVaat*
u ji aan'^bin un* *tlik'in aat*
dhi'h'r?]. *If thou hanches in
that way, I '11 ! '-[Un- dhoo
aan'shiz i 'dhaat' gih t, :Aai! — ]
Haadclont [aan*tloot], a toweL
Wh. Ql. ; gen.
Handy - dandy [aan*didaan'dil
a4j. on the alert; gen. 'He s
handy ' dandy^ with him' fEez'
aan*cudaan*<u wi im*], said of
one who is a match for another
in sharpness.
Hang-lit-on *t [aang-lit-ont*] ! in-
terj. a wordy imprecation. Wh.
Ql. ; gen.
Han|^-mad ^ang'-maad], sb. and
a4)- See Hey-go-mad.
Hangtrace [aang-t'rih's], a bad
character; a candidate for the
gallows ; Mid. Only old people
use this word, and it will be
quoted by the younger in some
such phrase as, 'Aye, he's a
hangtrcux^ as aud Betty says by
such like' [Aay% eez* u aang*-
t'r.i'h's, uz* ao'h'd Bet'i sez* biv
8:aa'k laa'k], or [seyk* la'yk],
rufined, but usual.
Hank [aangk*], a loop of any de-
scription. Also, two or more
skeins of cotton, silk, worsted,
or thread of any kind. Wh. QL ;
gen. Hank, y. a. to loop, is
also in general use. ' Now then,
catch hold, and hank it' [Noo*
dhin*, kaach* ao'h'd,un* aangk it'].
Hanker [aang'ku], an open clasp,
or buckle ; Mid.
Hankie [aang-ku'l], y. a. to en-
tice, or instigate. Wh, Ql. ; Mid.
Also, to entangle, as hankled
worsted [aang'kuld wuos'it];
' hanJded among the briars '
[aang'ku'ld umaang* t bree'h'z] ;
gen.
HflCntle [aan'tu'l], an abundance.
Wh. QL; gen.
Hap [aap*], y. a. to wrap. Hap-
ping [aapin], wrapping. Bed-
happing [bed'aapint bed-wraps.
Wh. Ql, ; gen. Also, whttan^
tively. * It has not ha]^ enoue^h '
[It- ez* u'nt aap* un:i'h'f], has
not clothes enough. ' They may
manaee for a bit of scran (food),
but they've scarcely a rag of
hap' [Dhu mu maan'ish fur* u
bit* u *skraan', bud* dhuv*
aa'dlinz u 'tloot* u 'aap*].
Hapment[aap*ment],eyent; Mid.
Happen [aap*u'n] (Wh. GL); or
Happens [aap*u'nz], ady. per-
haps ; gen. * Will you go, then f *
* I happens shall * [Wi tu gaan*,
dhin* ? Aa *aap*u'nz saal*]. The
well-known phrase *happy-|^-
lucky' has more of a meanmg
to northern than southern ears.
Harden -faced [aadu'nfeh'st,
(and) fii'h'st], adj. gloomy and
hard-looking, as applied to the
sky, in unsettled weather {Wh,
OL). Other connected terms are
in use in Nidderdale and Mid-
Yorkshire, generally. The ad-
jective is often bestowed upon a
hard - hearted person : * Thoo
harden^ 'faced brute ! — thou 's no
pity in thee I ' [Dhoo* *aa*du'n-
58
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
f-i'h'at briwt* I — dliooz* ne'h' pit'i
i dhu !] Harden' -&ce, sb. also,
for a brazen-faced person. Hard-
en'd, adj. is very common in op-
probrium, though it does not fol-
low that there is much meaning
at all times either in this word or
its related noun. 'Thou hard-
ened thief ! * [Dhoo aa*du*nd
theef ! (and) thirh'f]. A mother
will exclaim, on observing a
toddling child dipping its fingers
in a cream-bowl, * He 's hardened
to the haft' (see Heft) [Eez*
aa'du'nd tu t' 'eft], haraened
thoroughly, to the bone.
Harding [aa'din], sb. and adj.
hempen ; gen. to the county. A
* hording brat' [aa'din braat*],
hempen pinafore; or, alon^outer
garment of the kind, with or
without sleeyes, and only seen
in town districts. [Lit., made
of hards, t. e. coarse flax. —
W. W. S.]
Hardlys [aa'dliz], adv. hardly;
Mid. ' 1 was that tired I could
hardlya stop a foot, nor get one
leg before the other * [Aa* wur*
dhaat' taayh'd Aa* kuoil* aa'dliz
stip- u f:i'h't, nur* git* te'h' lig*
ufuoh* tidh'ur]. Tired would
also be pronounced [taa'd], and
[taeyh'dj (ref.).
Hardset [aa-dset*], adv. hard put
to it. Hardset with a family;
hardset to stand ; hardset with
work. Wh. QL; gen. Hard-
aetten [aa'dsot u'nj, also, with
the same meaning in Mid. Is
also in use both as an adjective
and active verb, * They are a
poor hardset lot' Pphur' u piio'h'r
aa'dset' lot*]. * Take hiui to the
field with thoe, and don't hardset
him, now ' [Taak* im* tut* tih*'ld
wi dhu, un din*ut aa*dset* im*,
noo]. There is a change of
vowel frequently, from [e] to [i]
short, and from [aa*] to [:o'h'].
Ham [aa*n], coarse linen. WJi.
01, ; gen. See Harding.
Harr [aa*r], mist Wh. Gfl.; Mid.
Harrigoad [aariguo'h'd], sb. and
V. XL a runabout, negligent per-
son ; Mid. Frequently used to-
wards grown children. 'Where's
thou been harrigoading while
(till) now ? ' [Wi-h'z dhoo bin-
aariguo'h'din waal* noo* P] [^Har-
rt- reminds one of the verb to
harry ; and goad may be com-
pared with yawd, a jade, a
worthless fellow. See yawd in
Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.
— W. W. S.]
Hask [aask*], adj. over-dry. Wh.
01.; gen. In Mid-Torkshire,
the throat is said to be hashed
when parched.
Haunt [ao'h'nt], a habit Also,
to accustom. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Hanse [ao-h'z], the throat. Wh.
01. ; Mid.
Hauvey-gauvey[ao*b'vigao'h'vi];
or Hauvison [ao'h'visunl an
unmannered person; a down.
Wh. OL; gen. Each word of
the compKOund is also used separ-
ately, with a similar meaning,
the last term being the more
significant
Hauyine [ao'h'vin]; or Oaflng
Suo'h'nn], part. pree. and adj.
?hese are Wh, 01. terms, applied
to a clownish, gaping person. In
Mid-Yorks. oaf [uo'nf] is used
for fool; and nauve, with a
cognate meaning, is employed as
a verb neuter. 'What's thou
hauving and gauving at ? '
[Waats* tu ao'h'^in un* gaoh*'v-
m aat* ?], What are you staring
and gaping at? — ^with an implica-
tion of clo^Tiish manner. Oaf
is also occasionally employed as
a verb, but is most used par-
ticipially. Hauving is in great-
est use, and is, as a rule, idways
selected in emphasia Wben this
is not the case, then the /of oaf
is substituted by v.
Hawen [aaviiz], sb. pL oats.
I
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
59
Havrermeal [yaay nimi'li'l], oat-
meal. Wh, Oh ; gen.
Hawbuck [aoh'buok], a raw,
downisli person ; gen.
Haze [re'h'z, y:e-h*z], v. a. to scold ;
Mid. Also, gen., to beat.
Eazeling [aaz*ulin, ez-u'lin], p.
pr. *a flogging with a pliable
stick or hazeV Wh, 01. in our
own localities, any kind of a
stick may be put to use in hazeU
ing the back of an offending
juvenile. Hazel [aaz'u'l, ezu'l] is
in common use as an active verb,
Headtree[:i*h*dt*ree, yd-h'dt'ree],
a lintel; gen. The last yowel
often becomes [i].
[i-h'k, yi-h'kl, the hip;
. [Y:i-h'k-be'h n], hip-bone.
gen
H^alsome [y:i*h*lsum] ; or Hale-
some ry:e-h'lsum] ; or Health-
some [yii-hlthsum], adj. health-
ful. The two first pronunciations
belong to Mid-Yorks. ; the last
term is general.
Heap [y:i*b'p], a quarter of a peck
measure. Wh. GL ; gen. The
term is not unusually applied to
both half-peck and peck mea-
sures, also ; being less specific
in regard to quantity, than de-
scriptive of appearance ; the
measures not being considered
liberal unless heaped to a point.
The illustrative phrase in the
Wh, GL "*They gi' short
hieaps '* ' [Dhe gi shaot* yrih'ps],
for 'bad measures of all sorts,'
has an identical meaning.
H^arb [i-h'b, yi-h'b] ; or Harb
[aa*b, yaa'b], the pronimciations
of herb ; gen.
Heart-eased [:e'h't-, (and) aa-t-
jrih'zd], pp. eased in mind, Wh.
GL ; gen. Heart-ease is com-
mon as a substautivey and is occa-
sionally used as an active verb.
*Go and tell him, now; it 'U
maybe heart - ease him a bit *
[Oaan' un* til* im*, noo; it'u'l
mebi 'aa't-yi'h'z im* u bit*]. At
odd times, the noun is in the
poss. case, but the verb never.
Hearten [:e'h*tun, (and) aa'tun,
(also, in each case) tu'n], v. a. to
encourage. Heartening, with
a Bubstantive meaning— encour-
agement. Wh. Gl. ; gen. In
Mid- Yorkshire, the verb is used
with respect to almost any ob-
ject, or material Tea is heart-
ened with something stronger ;
the farmer he^irtens his land, or
renders it more fertile, by vari-
ous means; a timid horse is
heartened by patting and coax-
ing ; and so on, the verb having
either the meaning of to en-
courage^ or to animate.
Heart-g^own [:e*h't-, (and) aa-t-
groawn], adj. fondly attached.
Also, elated. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Hear til him ! [yih' til- im !] in-
ter}. Hark, or, Listen to him!
usually an exclamation of ridi-
cule. Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Heart -sick [:e'h*t-sih'*k, (and)
:aa*t-8i*h*k], adj. a common term,
used on slight provocation. TT^.
GL ; gen. * Hast thou been to thy
grandfather's ? ' * Yes, but he
nagged at me till I was fair
heartsick^ so I wont' [Ez* tu
been* tiv dhi graan'd'aadz ?
:Ao'y, but* i naagu* aat* mu til*
Aa* wur* foh'r :aa't-si*h'k, se
Aa gaangd'], treated mo to such
ill-tempered correction that I was
quite discomfited by it, so I left.
Heartwarm [:e'h't-, (and) :aa't-
waa-m], adj. Ireo-heartod. Wh,
GL; gon.
Heart-whole [le-h't-, (and) :aa-t-
wuoh''l, wol'J, adj. sound-hearted.
Wh. GL ; Mid. [Used by Shake-
speare; As You Like it, iv. 1. 49.
— W. W. S.]
Heathpowt [i-h*dh-poot-, yih'dh-
poot'] ; or Moorpowt [miuo'h*-
poot'J, employed in the singular
for young moor-game ; gen.
hid-torkshihk glossart.
Hteve-an'-dovn-thamp IVili'T--
nn-doon-thaomp'], chiefly' used
odTerbially; indicating tha plain,
blunt, gestlculatory manner of
enforcing a statement or ar^-
ment ; gen. ' He came out with
it, heave-an'-d/nim-lhamp ' [Be
kaam'oo'twit', yi'h'T'-un-dotm-
thnomp']. ' Ajre, it 'b all hiavt~
(in'-doum-lAunipiritliliini'[:Aa'7
its- yaal" yi-h'y - an - doon-
thuomp' wi 'im'].
HSave the huid [yih'v t aandj.
To Aeare tht Aan3 is, as the Wh.
Gl. nicely inteiprets the phrase,
"to bestow charity in mites,
amounting to little more than
the shadow of giving, or the
mere motion of the himd in the
act. ' Ay, ay, he has heaved his
hand, he is a generous John ' "
[; Ae'y, ey, ee-z yi-h'vd iz' aand' ;
iz- u jin-rua J:uoh'n].
Heck [ek], a latch i Mid. 'St«ck
f heck • [stek- 1 ek-], or [sti-h'k t
ek'l, equivalent to. Drop the
latcTi. * Steck f door, and dont
let t' htdt go down' [Stek- f
di'h'r, uu' di'h'nt lit' t 'ek' gaan'
doo-nl is a common caution with
regard U> a kouse-door.
Heok [ek], a rack for fodder.
Wh. Gl. : gen. A atand-heck
[staand'ekj is a movable rack,
sometimeB placed on a trestle;
at other times, having fixed sup-
Heckbeiry [ekburi], tlie wild
eervico; gen.
Heckling fek-lin, ik-lin], a Bcold-
ing. m. 01. : Mid.
Hector [ekt'ur], v. n., v. a., and
sb. to reprimand, in an overbear-
ing manner; gen. 'Ill none
havo thee ta hector me, however '
[Aa-1 ne'h'n e 'dhee' tu ek't'ur
'maey, oo-ivur]. Exam^ed
participiatlt/iaOtoWh.Gl. The
term is also employed genetally
in its usual sense of, to threaten
boastfully, or to bluster.
simnlation.
Heft [eft-, ift'], haft; gen. A
vora made much use of fignra-
tivdy. 'Downi'f Ai/i'rih'h'n,
(or) dooD' it' eft'l, weokhr ; de-
spondent. 'Iiooeei^f he/I'[l:ao-ws
it' eft-], of a rakiah dispoation.
Hell [:e'l, jM-I]. This word, with
an ohl meaning, only ooctm in
epokeu oonvereation in ctmnee-
tion with the names of plaoea ;
aa H«U-d7ke [Ve-ldaa'k], a term
applied to a cloee dark ravine;
Helm [elm', ilm-], an op«ii shed
for sheltering cattle in the field.
Wh. 61.; gen. OccaaionallT'
heard nearly as two syllablee
from old people, [el-u'in, il-a'm].
Heppem [ep-um], a^j- guarded,
or cautious; gen. 'He's very
hqapem in his doings' [Ees'Taaru
ep'um i i*' di-inzj.
Heniagf-iDe [ih-'r-, (and) er-in-
siw], the heron, or heronshaw.
Wh. 01. ; Uid.
Help [esp-], eb. and r. a. a latch.
Wh. 01. ! gen. The t«rm is also
apphed to that form of iron catch
wnich securee bybeing drc^>ped
into a staple. 'Hasp' proper ia
so pronounced.
H6zain[ek8-um], aremote locality,
associated with idle phrases ;
Mid. ' 1 11 see him at Bexam
first' [Aa-I see- im- ut- Eks'um
fiM)S-tJ. 'He'll earn his salt,
maybe — when ho goea to lire at
Ilexam ' [£e-l aa-n iz- -saob-'t,
meb- i, wen- i gaangz- tu liv nt-
Eks'um]. Perhaps these phrases
may have had their origin in an
allusion to the ancient and well-
known town of Her ham ; its
situation being high north, in
the county of Northumberland.
Hey -go -mad [ey-geh-'maad,
UIO-TORKSHIRE GLOSSART.
61
(and) ey-gaoh-'maad (ref. but
oommon)!, sb. and adj. riotous
tumidt; boisterous frolic. Ex-
ampled as a mhetantive in the
Wh. 01, : gen. Hang • mad
[aangg^-maaui], with the same
meaning, is also employed occa-
aionally as an adj. , and commonly
as a sb. in Mid-Torks.
_ [ig*], a state of petulance;
an offended state. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Sighgate [aa'gih-'ty ee'gut], sb.
and adj. Said of language allied
to that of ' Billingsgate ; ' Mid.
Highty-horse [aa-t-, (and) eyti-
aos], a child's term for a horse.
IFA. W.;Mid. Also Howghty-
liorse [aowti-aos].
Sik [ik*], y. n. and sb. a clicking
noise in the throat, like that
coming of a sharp sob ; Mid.
filling [iling], a coyerlet ; gen.
Xind [aa'nd, laa'ynd], rime, hoar-
frost ; Bind jTraa'nd, r.aa'^d],
rime ; gen. [Of. Icel. Aem, rime ;
hemaf to be covered with rime.
^W. W. 8.]
ITinilAT . end [in*d'ur-indj, the
back part of anything. Wh, 01, ;
gen. Also applied to persons
oolleatively, as an opprobrious
term, in the sense of riff-raff, or
refute, 'The main feck (part)
of them went their way, but the
hinder-erid kept (remained) on'
Sme'h'n fek' on* um* gaand*
ur* gih''t, bud* t in*d*ur-ind*
kipt* on*]. Employed also as
an adj., in the sense of hindmost.
Hip 6 [eyp* (and, occasionally)
aa'pl, y. a. to butt, or strike with
the noms. Also, to slander ; to
contend with, in a querulous
manner. Wh, 01, ; gen. . * He
would hipe at the moon if there
was nothing else to hi'oe at'
[Eed* eyp* ut* mi'h'n if dnu wu
naowt* els* tu eyp* aat'].
Hipping [ip'in], a child's napkin.
Wh, 01. ; gen.
Hdast [uo'h'st], adj. hoarse ; gen.
Hob [aob*], a fruitstone ; Mid.
Hod [od*, aod'], v. a. used of a
calf — to hod which, is to rear it
for milking ; Mid.
Hod [od] ; c?r Hau'd [ao*h'd (and)
aoh*'d], y. a., y. n., and sb. hold.
Employed in yarious idiomatic
ways, as in the Wh, 01, *He
has his land under a good hod '
[Ee ez* iz* laand* uon*d'ur u
gi'h'd od'], under a good tenure.
* He 11 ^od his hod ' rBe*l *od* iz*
*od*1, will keep his hold. * Hod
slack ! ' [Aod* slaak* !], slacken !
To hod slack, also, to while
away time, by way of relaxation.
'Hod on!' [Aod* on* I], hold
tight ! To hod talk [od* t:uo*h'kl,
to gossip. To hod up [aod* uop* J,
to keep well. Wh, 01,; gen.
Hod on is also employed in the
sense of keep on, * Thou must
hod on the lane, till thou comes
to the old wooden bridge * [Dhoo*
mun* od* on* t luo'h'n til* dhoo
kuomz* tiy * t ao*h'd wuod* brig*].
* Hod here a bit ' [Aod* :i*h'r u
bit*], stay here a bit. * Hodden
up [Od*u'n uop*1, frail. * Hod-
ste ! [aod*stuJ, nold thou, i. e.
hold! Hod, sb. also, in the
general sense of pain, * Giye
him some hod* [gee* im* suom*
-od*], thrash him well ! Hau'd
is mostly employed as a mono-
syllable.
Ho'd [od*], equiyalont to pain,
bodily or mental ; gen. ' I '11
fiye him some h&d when I get
old of him ' [Aa*l gi im* suom*
*od* wen* Aa git* ao*h'd u'n* im*],
will giye him a beating — some-
thing to remember. Of a blister,
it wOl be said, ' It gaye me some
hold' [It* gaa mu suom* 'od*].
A person wko has administered
a seyere rebuke or scolding to
another, will be referred to in
the terms, ' He gaye him ho^d of
it, right' fEe gaay* im* od* ont*,
rey "tj. * He gaye him some ho'd '
62
MID-YORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
[Ee gaav im* suom' od*]. And
so of the person castigated — * It
gaye him. no Ao'rf * [It' gaav* 'im*
ne* od*], took no enect.
Hog [og*]» * year -old sheep.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Hoit [ewytl, applied to a silly
person, fioiting [aoy*tin], be-
having in a silly manner. Wh,
GL ; gen. The word is in com-
mon use as a verhy and the par-
ticipial form is also employ^ as
an adjective,
HoU haol*], a hollow, or ravine.
Used also figuratively, as in the
phrase, * the holl of winter * [t
:aol* u win't'u], the depth of
winter. *A little holVd thing'
[U laa'tu*l :ao*ld theyng], a
puny child. Holl, v, a., also,
to hollow. Wh, Gl, ; Mid.
Holm [uoh*'m, aoh**m (refined)],
Mid. Applied to a piece of
ground which is entirely, or in
great part, bounded by a water-
course.
Home-coming [e-h'm (and) yaam*
kuom'in], a familiar term for the
time of homo-return after the
day's work; and, also, for the
kind of reception likely to be met
with on reaching home. Wh,
GL; gen.
Homesome [i'h'msum, e'h'msum,
yaam' sum J, adj. homely; gen.
Honey JTuon'i, in'i], a common
term of endearment, used in vari-
ous connections ; gen. Honey-
sweet [uon'iswih*^] ; or Honey-
come [uon'ikuom*] ; or Honey-
joy [uon*yao'y] ; or Honeybaim
[uon'ibe'h'n], applied to children.
Honeyfathers [uonifaadh'uz,
uon*if:ih'dhuz] ! an ejaculation
of favourable surprise. Honey-
pot [uonipaot], me vessel which
is supposed to contain the savings.
A field in a certain locality goes
by the name of * Jloneypot Field,*
from the circumstance of a vessel
containing spade guineas having
been ploughed up there.
Hood [uod], hob; gen. 'T
hood-end * [T uod'-ind'].
Hoofi [oofs-]; or Ho£i [aofs*],
sb» pi. hooves — a term vidgarly
applied to the feet. Wh, OL;
Mid, The first is a Nidderdale
term, too.
Hop pet [aopit] ; or Hopper
[aop*ur], a seed-basket, useid in
sowing. Wh, GL; gen.
Hoppet [aop-it], the jail Wh,
GL; Afid.
Hopple [aop*u*l], v. a. to tie the
legs together. The Wh. GL has
* of cattle, to prevent them run-
ning away ; ' but the term is of
less specific signification in Mid-
Yorks. In a leaping^ match,
competitors will sometmies en-
gage each other with * Iwppled
legs.
Hoppil [opil], acy. convenient;.
Mid. * The cart won't hold any
more.' 'Ill awand (v. a. to
warranty familiarly) thee ! Thou'll
fiind a hoppil end for them few
somewhere ' [T ke'h't win*ut
aoh*'d on 'i me'nr. • Aa*l uwaan'd
dhu I Dhoo'l fin* u op'il ind" fur*
•dhem* faew suom'wi"h']. [Aew]
is a far commoner feature of town
dialect.
Hopthmsh Fop-t^niosh], the wood-
louse; Niad.
Horse - godmother [aosgaod*-
muodhu], applied to a downish
woman. Wh, GL : Mid.
Horsegog [ao'h'sgog], a large
wild plum, yellow in colour, and
very late in ripening ; gen.
Horse-teng Taos* teng, (and, often,)
os'tcng], the dragon-fly ; gen.
Horsing-steps [lao'h'sin-stips], a
horse-block; gen.
Hotch [och*, aoch'], applied to
any ill-managed matter. Wh»
GL : gen.
Hotch [och*], V. n., V. a., and sb.
to shake, with a jerking motion.
MID-YORKSHIKE GLOSSARY.
63
ITsed for lurch, too. AIbo^ to
limp; gen.
Eotoherty^lioy [och-uti-aoy], can
only be Tendered ezplanative by
the line, 'Neither a man nor a
boy,* with whioh it usually
rhymes ; gen. Also Hobberty*
lioy [ob'uti - ao'y], as in the
Wh. 01.
Hot-foot [uoh-'tf:rh't, yaat*.
fii'h't], used adverbially, in
figure; Mid. One going along
hastily, is said to be going along
hat-foot, [Chaucer has foot^hot,
hastily; Man of Lawes Tale, 1.
438. The same term is used by
Gower and Barbour.—W. W. S.]
Hotter [ot*'ur], v. a. to jumble,
or jolt. Also, as a verb neut^,
to limp, or totter. Hottery
[ot-'ri], adj. jolty. Wh. 01, i Mid.
House Foo-s] ; or Honse-place
[oo8*-pl:eh'8 (and) plih*'s]. The
common liying-room of a house
is so called. Wh. 01, ; sen. The
first term is general to me county.
HousefiElst [oo'sfaast], adj. con-
fined to the house, as by illness.
Wh. 01, : gen. In Mid-Yorks.
the form housefasten [oo*s-
feuunin] is in occasional use as a
verb active,
Hoiuen - stuff [oo'zu'n - stuofj,
household belongings, as furm-
ture, &c. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Houflil-staff [oo'zil-stuof], house-
hold articles in general ; gen.
Homing [ooz-ing], adj. anything
very large; Mid. *A great
housing fellow * [U gri'h't 'ooz*-
ing fel'u].
Honze [oo-zl, v. n. to breathe
shortly, and with difficulty. Wh.
01. ; gen. * How he does honze
and ^ze, to be sure I ' [Oo i diz*
oo'z un* yi'h*z, tu bi sih*'r I]
Hover [ovurj aovur], v. n. and
V. a. to stay from motion ; as, in
pourin^water, * JJover your hand,'
IS said m request to desist. Also,
as a weather term, and generally
as indicating hesitation or sus*
ponse. Wh. 01. In the first
sense, the term is applicable to
Mid-Torkshire. The remaining
uses are general.
Howgates [oo-guts], adv. how;
in what way; Mid. 'Howgates
did he go?' 'He took the old
yau'd rhorse), and went by Thorpe
Wood^ [Oo'guts did* I gaang- ?
Ee ti'h'k t aoh-'d yao'h'd, un*
wint- bi Thur-p Wuoh-'d].
Howky [aow'ki], the pet name
of a horse ; Mid. * Howk 1 '
[aowk I] is employed, in repeti-
tion, in attracting the attention
of horses running loose in the
field.
Howl - hamper [ao w i - aampu] ,
an empty stomach, jocosely ;
Nidd.
Howsomiwer [oo^sumivur, oo"-
suomivur, aoh'simiivur, aoh'-
Buomivur], adv. howsoever ;
nevertheless. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Also, however, when signifying
at all events.
Hnbbleshoo [uob-u'lshoo* 'juo'bul-
shoo- (and) shih'], a confused
throng of people. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Huff [uof], an offended state.
* They took the huff at it ' [Dhe
ti-Vk t uof- aaf it-]. T^A. 01. ;
gen. Also, in common use as
an active verb. * Don't huff him,
now, if thou can help it ' [Din'ut
uof* im, noo, if* dhuo kun* ilp*
it']. Htiffy, adj. is in occasional
use. Old people often pronounce
Huff [ih''f], when used sub-
$t<intively.
Hufai [uof -il] ; or Huwil [uovill,
a finger-sheath. Wh, Gl. ; Mia.
It is usually a leather article.
It will be said of a wounded
finger: * I've cot a finger-poke
for it ; now I want a huwil '
[Aa'v git'u'n u fing'u - puo'h'k
fut* ; noo :Aa* waants* u uovil].
Huffle [uof'u'l], V. n. and sb. to
«4
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Bhuffle painfully, in a sitting or
recumbent position ; Mid.
Hug [uog*], V. a. and v. n. to
carry. WJi, 01, ; gen. to the
county.
Hull [:uo'l], a sty ; gen.
Hull ['UO 1], V. a., V. n,, and sb. to
shell. Wh. Gl, ; gen. Hullins
[:uo*linz] is also a general sub-
stantive,
Hullart [:uo*lut]; or Jenny-
hullart [jini-:uolut], the owl;
gen.
Etunmled [uoni*n*ldl, pp. or adj.
hornless. Humble xislb an iden-
tical pronunciation [uom*u*l].
Wh. GL ; gen.
Hunch [nonsh*], sb. and t. a.
huff; Mid. 'He's gone off in
a hunch* [Eez* gi'hn aof* i u
uon'sh]. * Thou shotddn*t sav
naught of the sort to him ' thou 'U
hunch him if thou doesn t mind/
PDhoo suod'u'nt sih** naowt* u t
8uoh**t tiv im*; dhoo'l uonsh*
im* if' tu diz'u'nt maa'nd].
EnngerBlain [uong*ursl:ih'n],adj.
having a famished appearance;
Mid. The term is freely applied
where circumstances hardly war-
rant it, as in the case of a family
who occupy a large residence,
without having the means to
provide suitable attendance. ' A
poor hungeralain lot ' [U puo'h'r
uong*ursl:ih'n lot].
Hurf [u-f], scurf ; Nidd. The [r]
is also occasionally heard. [Spelt
Or/ in Atkinson's Cleveland
Glossary, but the h appears in
tiie Icel. hru/a^ a scab.-W. W. 8.]
Hnrl [ruoTl], v. a. and v. n. to
starve with cold; Mid. 'Don't
go out ; it will hurl thee, honey '
LDinut gaang' ooi; ; it'ul :uo'rl
ohu, uon'i].
Hnrple [u'pu'l], v. n. to contract
and raise the back or shoulder,
with the sensation of cold. Wh,
Gl, ; gen. Also heard actively^
as may be implied in the Ji
Hurtless [aot-lus], adj. ui
ful; gen.
Hnrtsome [aot'sum], adj.
ful; gen.
Hns-pnsh [uos'-puosh*], a
time ; gen. * Como, it w
time for going in an hour,
better have me hus-push n
then ' [Kuom, it'ul bi taa*]
'gaang'in i un* uo'h'r.
bet*'ur ae t uos-puosh* 'nc
•dhin*].
Hustle [uos-u'l], V. n. to
shift; Mid. 'Well, we
e'en hustle without it' [^
wi mun* ee*n uos'ul udhoo
Hnstlement [uos'u'lmei
mixed gathering of perso:
things; Mid.
Hntch [uoch*], an opprol
term bestowed on an ill-fa\
person; Mid. 'Who'sthi
hutch ?* rWe-h'z -dhaat-
uoch* ?]. The term is usual
plied to females.
Hype [ey-p], v. n, to mi
mouth. It is used as a
term, too, but, in this cas
commonly added. Wh.
gen. Also as a substantive
loe-shackle [aays-shaaku'
Ice-shog [aays-shogj ; a
shoglin ^aays-shoglinj.
The first is usual in Mid-
shire. The two last fom
Nidd. and northern ones. '.
is interchangeable with '
in each locality.
Hl-fare [il--fe-h'r], v. n. t<
ill, in any way ; to expe
uxifavourable circumstanc
any kind. Wh. 01. ; gen.
substantively,
ni-gaited [il--ge-h'tidl, adj.
walker. Occasionally app
form, too, as indicating a c
gait. 117*. 01. ; gen. Th
stantive is in as common tu
MID-YOBKSHIHE GLOSSAUY.
65
niify [ilifaa-], V. a. to apeak evil
of; to defame. Wh. 01.; gon.
IU*put-Oli[il-puot--on,il-puotu'n-
im], aij. ill, or ababbilj dreased.
mi. 01.; gen. Also. iU-uscd;
subjected to moan conduct; or
ba^ treated after any manner.
Similar phrases are common, as
— rU-lftid-on [il-b-h'd-on], iU-
served; m-aet-on Jil--Bet--oa],
fouUv attacked; Ill-made-on
ril-.mi'li'd-on], said of a child
that isneglected, or being borably
brought up.
IU-tented[il-t«n tid, tintid], oAj.
ill-cared for, or watched over.
Wh. 01; gen.
Hl-thrivcE [il'-thrivu'n] ; or Hl-
throTen [il'-throvu'n, thruov-
u'n], adj. aicfcly,orpuny-lo<J[ing.
Also applied to those who are of
ungainly, crooked, or feeble dis-
position. Wh. Ol. ; gen. Also
■* occaaionaUv to the ill-toannered ;
and generally to what is stUnt«d
or uncultivated.
Ill-throdden [il-thiodu'n], is
used in the same sense as HI-
■ thriven, which tertn lee.
m-tom [il'-ton' (and) taon'1, is,
with the addition of the indefinite
article, much used in place of
the word mischie/. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Immie [im-i], the ant; Upper
Kidd. [i. e. emmet. Tho original
stem would bo am; tmm-et,
emm-i(3i, tmm-ie, an-l, are di-
minutives.— W. W. 8.]
Impiih [im-pishl, adj. consonant
to nature ; IXid. Speaking of a
child, it will be said, ' He 's
impith enough; he's dad all
over' [Ee'z im-pish ini'h'f; ee-z
■daad' yaa!- aowh'r], he's father
all over; bears a complete re-
semblance in disposition. So,
too, of inanimate placets. Of
the rosemary -tree,, it will be
said, that it is ' an itnpi'ih thing,'
and will not grow on any sod.
Hence the common country say-
ing, fbat it is 'only to be found
about a house where the mistress
is master. This is said, too, of
the berb rue.
In'ard [in'ud], adv. withiJi ; Mid.
Innear [ini''h'r, in-ni-h'r], a kid-
ney; gea. The Wh. GJ. has tho
word as a plural term. In Mid-
Yorks. Near [ni'h'r] and Neara
[ni'h'a] are also common, Tbeso
are southern forms, too. [Jnnnir
is a mere corruption, ibe real
word is Near, Mid. Eng. tiere,
Germ, niere.— W. W. 8.]
Ingatfl [in-gth'tl, a way of en-
trance. If applied to a pathway,
a short, more or less enclosed one,
isiudicated; Mid. Oftheouttets
of divergent paths within a wood,
it will he said, ' There is only one
ingate ; all the rest is (oro) out-
gates ' [Dbuz' nuob-tit 'vaan"
m'gih't ; t rist' iz' oot'gin'ts].
There is only one way, or open-
ing, leading further into the
wood ; the rest of the ways, or
openings, lead out.
la^le [ing-u'l], a flame, or blaze.
Also,thefire-sido. Wh.Ql.;i^d.
The term is more generally ap-
pbed in the last sense. Ingle-
nook [ing'u'l-n:ih'k] is employed
for the fire-aide, or chimney-
Innds. IFA. Ot,Mid.
is usually applied to land by a
river-side, ana rarely used but in
tbe plural, though ue reference
be only to one field. With some
people, however, it is com-
pounded with pattare itself, and
iH then used in the singular. At
these times, the word accommo-
dates itself with a meaning, being
a Bubstituto for river-»ide. ' The
low ing pasture' [T loo" ing"
paas't'u] would betaken tomean,
the low, or bottom pasture, by
tho river-side,
luUe [ing-ku'l, ing-u'l], a tape,
used lor apron -strings, shoe-ties.
66
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSART.
&c. TO. QL ; Mid. « Ab thick
as I w^/e- weavers * — a common
expression denoting a state of
close personal intimacy.
TnVling [ingk'lin], desire; in-
clination ; a notion or conception
of anything; a hint, or intima-
tion. Wh. 01.; gen. The verb
is freely employed, too. A
person ^inkles after riches,' or
* after a better life,' or for what
will gratify the appetite. One
of those words nsed effectively
in the ptdpit by the lay exhorters
who labour among a sect of Dis-
senters. * Come now, has none
of you an tjikling for Jesus?'
[Kuom* noo*, ez* ne'h'n ao yu u
ingk'lin fu Ji'h'zus ?]. The re-
fined form of the last Name is
[Jeyzus].
Insense [insens*, insins*], v. a. to
enlighten; to cause to under-
stand ; gen. Exampled as a pp.
in the Wh, GL
Intiv [intiv] ; or Intil [intil-] ;
or Intuv [intuoyj, prep. unto.
Wh, GL ; gen. The last form is
an additional one, in common
use. In the case of each, the
accent is often shifted to the first
syllable, and at times both syl-
lables are accented.
Iv [iv], prep, in; gen.
Ivin [aay-vin, aa'vin], ivy. WIi,
GL; gen.
Jack [jaak-], a half-^'ll or quarter-
pint measure. Wh, GL ; gen.
Jag [jaag*], a blister, or like
eruption; gen. The face of a
person in the first stage of the
small-pox is covered with * wator-
jags ' [waat*'ur-jaagz].
Jammy [Jaam*i], Jamos; gen.
Jamp [jaamp-], p. t. of jump.
Otton neard amongst Ikrid-Yorks.
pooplo. It occurs in one of the
illustrative sentences of the
Wh, GL, under the wordBouter.
Jannock [jaannik], fair, equitable.
Wh, GL ; gen-
Jar [jaaT], adj. wry, or crooked ;
Mid. A * iVir-necked ' sheep is
a wry-necked one. [This jar
is a corruption of char, a turn ;
just as a door 'on the char' is
said to be a-jar. — ^W. W. 8.]
Jan*inb [jaoh-'m], a door or
window-post; gen.
Janp [jao'h'p] ; or Jowp [jaowp],
V. a. to wash or dash about in
mass, like water when shaken,
Wli, GL ; Mid. Waves are said
to go jowping up [jaow'pin uo"!)]
against the stones on the beach,
or sea-wall. Also employed sub-
stantively,
Jawer [jaavur], sb. and v. n.
bold, assuming talk. Exampled
as a sb. in the Wh. GL ; gen.
Jawping [juo'h'pin], adj. applied
to a roomy aperture. Wh. GL ;,
Mid.
Jenny-Lind-pie [Jin-i-Lin-paa*].
The miners of Nidderdale give
this name to a bone-pie; pre-
sumably » novelty some years
ago.
Jennyspinner [jini-spinur], the
crane-fly ; gen.
Jiffy [jifi% an instant, familiarly.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Jill, or Gill [jill'], v. n. to tope.
This is the term for a half-pint
measure. Wh. GL ; gen.
Jilliver [jil-i\'u], wallflower;
gen.
Jimcrake [jim-krreh'kjya jimcrow
— a ridiculous person ; Mid.
Jimmer [jim'ur], a broken piece.
A plate much cracked, but still
unbroken, will be said to be * all
in jimmers ; ' gen.
Jimp [jimp*], sb., v. a., and v. n.
a short irre^;ular curve or bend
out of a straight course. A bad
plougher jimpa his furrows ; Mid.
Jin [Jin-], Jane ; gen.
UID-YORKSHIRE GL0S8AHT.
Jdan f Juoh'ul, John ; gen. Jacli
ie ' Jock • [Jok-] ; Mid.
Jookev [jok-il, a general, mucli-
ueed term for one who, in his
own way, is too bad tor any-
thing. At times, it loses almost
til trace of humour. Also, as a
verb acdfe, in the sense of to
trick, or cheat ; Mid.
Jodenun [jaod-'rum, juoh'd'rum],
applied to a tremulous, jolly-like
mass. Wh. 01. ; gen.
the
which secures the body of a cart
to the shafts ; gen.
Jo^^lafltiok [jog-u'Istikl,
roller, -with bolts at each
1. jolt ;
JoU [jaowl], V. a. and sb. to
kno<^ against anything. Wh.
Oi. ; gen. A common threat
towanb a juvenile, and one
hardly confined tolocahty in the
counW, is, ' I '11 jvll thy head and
t' wdt tocethor' [Aa-1 'jnowl-
dhaa' yi'hd un- t waoh''l tu-
gid''nt]. -
Jolment [jolmentl, 'n larfce
pitcher -full,' in the 117.. Gl.
But jolment, in llid-Yorks.,
means a large quantity of any-
thing. Jorum {Wh. GL) has.
too, the same meaning, and is
general to the county.
Jomm [juoh'niin]. Sec Jolment
Jos'ly [jos-li], adj. cnmbrously or
loosely stout. Wh. 01. ; geu.
JosB-o' t'-nacka [jos-nt-naaks], a
term indientinfj one who ie
■ master of the situation ; ' Mid.
Jowl jjaowl]. the jaw, familiarly.
m, at. ; Mid.
Jomper [juora'pur], a drill nsed
by miners in boring rock ; NiJd.
Jonten [juont'uz], a state of
Xale [kih'l, keh'l], water-por-
ridge; gen.
67
Eatty [Kaat-i], Kate, proper
name ; gen. Also Kitty [kit-i].
Catharine may be the name given
at the font, but this fonu is
rarely heard. When heard, it
is pronoimced [Kaat-'runl. The
pronunciation otKaU is [K:i'h't].
Kcak [kih-'k],-v. a. to jerk a
limb, with a short, sudden
effort; to tilt. Kfaked [kih-'kt],
Xeaked up [kih'kt uop-], to be
BO raised. Also, in the sense of
being vain, or ' stuck up.' Wh.
01.; gen. A mother will say to
an over-playful child, by way of
caution: ' Thou '11 MiA thy neck
till it creaks' [Dhuol- kih-'k dhi
nek' til- it- kr:rh'k8]. Also em-
ployed iiibalajitii'tli/.
Kcal [ki-h'l], a liquid mess of
any kind. Keal-pot [kii-h'l-
pot] ; or Kail-pot [k:ohl-pot-],
the porridge-pot — a protulwrant
iron voascl, upon legs, with a
long handle, and with often a
hoop-handle added. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Ki-am [kih'ml; or Esim [ke'h'ra],
a comb. Wit. 01. ; ^em. In com-
mon use, too, as on attivt verh.
Kcan [kiih'n], v. n,, v. a., and
sh. to scum, or throw off as re-
crement. Kean [kiih'n], a par-
ticle of this nature. Kfaned
[k-i-h'iid], scummed in this wise.
The Wh. 01. has the last form,
together with the sb. pi. These,
in Mid-Yorks., are most heard,
but the verbi and ling, ib. are
also fully recognised in this
locality.
Eeave [kih'v], v. n. and v. a. to
sort, with an implement. Kfav-
ing-rak* [ki-h'vin-r:eh'k], a
bam - floor rako. Keaving-
riddle [ki'h'vin-ridu'l, modu'l],
a grain-riddle, or sieve. Wh.
Gl.; Mid.
Keb [keb], an old worn-out
sheep ; gen .
Keck [kek'];o)-Kecken|;kck-u'n],
UID-TORKSniRE GLOSSABT.
' the effort bctveen a choke and
a coa^h.' IPA. Ot. The first
form IS employed aabttantittly^
and the last as a t. d. ; gen.
Keckenliearted [kcku'neh'tid,
keku'naa'tid], adj., lit chicken-
hearted; aqneamish, in regard to
food. Wh. Ol.; gen,
KecUe [keku'J], v. n and sb. to
Peggie. Exampled as a vtrb in
the \Vh. Ol; Hid.
Kedge piej]; or KedgebeUy
. [kojbeli], a glutton. Ked^ed
^sj<l']i PP- filled with eating.
K«dgiiiB, sh. edibles, n'%. Gt. ■
K^ [keg], the stomach, fami-
liarly ; gen. ' Ulash - ht^'d '
[blasah'-kegd'], water - bellied ;
a term of impartial application,
being bestowed both on a peraon
of drunkeQ habits, and on a tee-
totaller.
Eeg [keg'], T. a. to give sharp
oSence. The pp. is oxamnled in
the Wh. ai.: Mid.
Xeks [keks-], or Kelt [kelk-],
hemlock ; gen. The same plant
is also called bun [buon-j ;
but this term is more fre-
quently apphed to a kind of
rabbit - herbage, growing in
hedges.
Keld Fkacld'], often used of n
brook, or Hpring. Wh.QI.; gen.
Kelk [kelk'], the rne of female
fish. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Kelk [kelk], a blow. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Kelpa [kelps-, kilps], sb. pi.
chimney pothooks, of iron ; gen.,
Wft. («., which notes: "When
the pot is taken from the hooks
over the fire, the latter begin to
Tibrato, and the maid is nnxious
to stop them, for while they uon-
tinne in motion ' the Virgin
weeps.' " This is also u common
superstition in Mid- Yorkshire.
In Nidderdale, the miners call
tcai/gon - chaijit fcilps [kilps'J,
with no rariation of vowel.
Eelter [kel-t'u], case, oi con-
diUon. Wh. or.; gen. Often
shortened to kelt. Also, as a
vrrb aelivt, with a Hirnilar sense.
' He 's been none over (too) well
krltered' [Iz' bin' ne'h'n aowh'r
wee-1 kel-fud], not too well
tended- And so in the sense of
being endowed ; both senses
being exampled in the Wh. 01.,
but only participially ; Mid.
Keltermenti [kelfunients], sb.
pi. odds and ends of articles, or
difFerent kinds, of questionabla
value. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Tho
singular form is frequently board,
too, and is also employed in tb»
Kemp [1»^>i>P']t T. a. to comb ;
gen. The past part, is exampled
m the Wh. Ol.
Ken [kin-, ken-], v. a. and sb. to
know ; to pcrccivo, or under-
stand : to see. 71^ Gl. ; gen. In
tho last sense, the word is em-
ployed Mihttiinlivtig. Ken ia
not habitually in use. but is fre-
quently hoaru, and comes readily
to tho lips.
Kennygood [ken-iguod], some-
thing to remember. A term usu-
ally employed ironicaUy ; Mid.
Kenspeakle [ken-spekn'l], adj.
prominent ; coni^icuous. Used
of things. Wh.Gl.ittiA. Also,
tubeliiniivthj.
Kep [liep', kip-], V. a. and sb. to
catch, or roceivein faJling. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. Old people use tho
lost pronunciation.
Kesmas [kcsinus] ; ~
[kis'nms] : or Eesamas [kos
mus] : or Kisamas [kis'uuu
or Eesanmaa [kesunmus] :
Kisonmas [kis'unmus] ;
Chresmaa [krt
ma-Lkri.
; or Ckrt
HID-TORKSHIRK QLOSSART.
69
nimus] ; or Chresaninas
[kies'immusl ; or Chrisanxiias
•uimiusj. These forms of
Chrigtmas are all heard in Mid-
Yorks. Those haying the vowel
e are general. The old people
of the first locality invariably
adopt the i forms, and discard
the Ch for K. This last habit is
also common with the same class
in Nidderdale. The pronuncia-
tion of this word might perhaps
have been more settled but for
the co-existing form Yule, which
is employed generally, too, and
which many P^opl© adhere to
persistently. The word is also
in some use in Mid-Yorks. os a
neuter verb — to goa-Christmasing.
XesseA [kesii'ii], v. a. christen.
KesBening [kes'u'nin], sb. chris-
tening. Wh.Ol,;^n, There are
other forms much heard : [krus*-
u*n], generally among speakers ;
and [kruos*u*n], alliong old
people. In Mid-Yorks. the old
people also say [kisu'n], [Kres*-
u*nj is heard, too, generally, as
a refined form among all classes.
[Krus'u'n] (above) is a more re-
fined form.
Xessen [kes-u'n], p. part. cast.
Kessen up [kes'u'n uop*], cast,
or added up. Wh. Gl, ; ^n.
There is, also, the active verb
employed generally • with Kes-
sening-up [kes'u'nin-uop*], for
the act. part. The verb, to cast,
is to Kest [kost'].
Kester [Kes-t'ur], Christopher.
rA. 01 ; Mid. Also [Kis't'ur]
among old people.
Kesty [kes'ti], adj. fastidious, in
the matter of food ; gen.
Ket [ket*], said of * carrion ; and
inferior or tainted meat,* as in
the Wh, 01., but also applied
very generally to unsavoury
messes, offal lood, or anjiihine
not fit to be eaten. Employed
greatly in figure, too. Also ap-
plied to persons, substantively,
on slight provocation. The
vowel IS often heard as [ij.
Ketty [kct'i], adj. applied, asm
the Wh. 01., to anything nau-
seous, or putrid. The various
uses are generaL
Kibble [kib'uU], a miner's bucket;
Nidd.
Kid|^el [kid-jill, a large quantity ;
Mid. In allusion to a heavy
load of furniture, a person will
say, * There *s a bonny kidgel of
stuff there * [Dhuz* u baoni kid*-
jil u stuof dhi-h'r], a fine load
there.
Kilk [kilk*], a blow, with the
fist, or foot ; Mid. The Wli. GL
has Kelk, which is only used of
the fist.
Kim [kim*], a small particle of
hair, or filmy substance. The
floating particles in the air, seen
by a ray of sunlight, are so de-
signated; gen.
Kin [kin'], kind, or sort; akin.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Kin [kin*], an open crack, or
chap ; gen. The word is applied
to * a crack or chap in the skin,
from frost or cold,' as in the Wh.
GL, but is also used in a more
general manner. A Nidderdale
minor will say of a place hard to
work, that it * has neither crack
nor kin in it' [ez* ne'h'dhup
kraak* nur* kin* int*]. The
phrase is a general one.
Kincongli [kinkof], the cliin, or
hooping-cough. kFh. GL; gen.
Called, also, the [king'kof]. In
both cases, a change of vowel in
the last word, from [o] to [uo] is
customary among old people.
Kink [kiiigk], a fit, or convulsive
state; a neck-twist, from cold.
WK GL ; gen. Also, a r. a. and
V. n. in the first sense; and a
t'. a. in the last. * He 11 kivk
t' bairn while (till) he kinkg and
kinks over' [Eel* kingk' t be*h*ii
waa'l i kijigks* un* kingka*
70
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
aowli'r], is a characteristic sen-
tence.
in*lm [kiniin, kin-u'lin], usu-
ally applied to cliopi)ed sticks or
fire- wood ; hut used also of fire-
lightingmaterials generally. Wh.
GL ; gen. to the county.
Kipper [kip-ur], adj. nimble.
Wh, GL ; gen.
Kir'by - parsoned [kubi - paa-
su'nd], adj. ; ^lid. *' In several
rural places about York, it is
the custom to speak of bottles
■with cavities at the bottom as
being Kir'by - jxtraoued, Tlie
popular explanation is, that this
Kir by -parson was *a hollow-
bottomed fellow ; ' but the ])hrase
wUl admit of a kindlier construc-
tion. With the parish wliich
must hold some tradition of a
remarkable character wo have
no acquaintance." The a])Ove
w^as a communication to NoUs
and QuerieSy some yeai*8 ago.
The writer has since heard
several other versions of the
story, and attempted explana-
tions of the above phrase, in
connection with a village in the
north-riding, but none of them
are worth repeating.
Kirk pcur-'k, kaor'k], church.
Wh. Cfl. ; gen. The word com-
pounds with many others. Kirk-
garth [kur''k-ge*h'th], church-
yard. Kirk-xnaister [kur*'k-
me"h*st'ur], for church-warden,
as often hoard from old Mid-
Yorkshire people; with aumas
Eao'h'mus], alms ; broach
bruo'h'ch], steeple; yat [yaat*].
gate ; and other common words.
A choir-boy is either a Kirk-
lad [kur''k-laad], or a Kirk-
singer [kur'*k - siugur] ; a
church - goer, a Kirk-ganger
[kiu-'k-gaangur] ; a churching,
a Kirking [kui-'kin], &c. The
[ao] is in most use among old
people. Some of these also em-
ploy [no] and [ih*'] ; the fii-st
casually, the last constantly.
Eissiiig-biish [kis-in-buosh], the
counterpart of the * mistletoe
bough,' which is indeed often
included, or secreted in the
anangement of the husky con-
sisting of evergreens, with de-
corations; Mid.
Kist [kist], a chest. Wh, Gl ;
gen. * There's a hole in my
liist ' [Dhuz* u waol* i maa* kist J.
*A hist of drawers *'[U kist* u
d'i*ao'h'uz].
East [kist-], v. a. occasionally
used in the sense of to throw;
Mid. 'He's got a stone in his
hand for you. * But he daren't
hist it ' [Eez* git'u'n u steh'n iv*
iz* aand' f:u dhu. Buod* i
daa'dunt 'kist* it*].
Kit [kit*], the framework of a
miner's sieve ; Nidd.
Kite [ka'y t*], stomach. WJi . Gl ;
gen. Also, a term of reproach.
* Thou young kite ! ' [Dhoo*
yuo*ng "ka'yt* !]
Kith [kith*], acquaintance. Often
used of kindred, too, indirectly.
Wh. GL; gen. Old Mid-Yorks.
poojde interchange the vowel
with [uo].
Kiting [ ka'y t -in], provisions.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Kitling [kiflin], kitten. Wh.
Gl.; gen.
Kitling - brain [kitlin-breh'n],
api)liod to a weak-headed person ;
one too easily impressed. B'A.
(//. ; gen.
Kittle [kit-u'l], v. a. to ticMe.
Wh» GL; gen.
Kittle [kifu'l], adj. ticklish;
easily set to action ; bent on
action of any kind. Wh, GL;
gen.
Kittle [kit-u'l], V. n. to kitten;
gon.
Kittyval [kit"ivaal-], an assembly
of persons of objectionable cha-
racter; Mid.
MID-TORKSUI£E GLOSSARY.
71
^aaok [naak'l, v. n. to talk
affectedly, nh. GL ; gen.
Knade riieh*'d], p. t of knea/1 ;
gen. See Knodden.
Snap [naap*], sb. and v. a. a
light olow ; a slight fracture ;
an impostor, or cunning cheat.
Wh, GL; gen.
Knap per [naap-ur], a door-
knocker. Wh. GL; gen. Also,
as a V. 71. to talk with persistent
volubility.
Snarl [naa'l], v. a. to knot, or
entangle. vVh. GL ; gen. Also,
suh$tautivdy.
Knodden [nod*u'n], p. p. kneaded.
Wh, GL ; gen. Kneady the verft,
is pronounced [ni'h'dj. There is
a refined form of the past party
too, KnSaden [ni'h'du'n]. See
Knade.
Knoll [naowi], v. a. and v. n. to
toll. Wh. GL ; gen. Also, sub-
stantively.
Knot [not'], v. a. and v. n. knit;
Mid. An irregular form, hoard
from individuals. 'Thou must
learn to knot, while there 's a bit
of gam about* [Dhoo* mun*
li*h*n tu not* (also [nuot'l), waal
dhuz' u bit* u ^aan (also|ge*h'n])
uboot' (and with final «)j.
Know [nau*], knowledge. Usu-
ally employed with some idiom.
Wh. GL ; Mid. A common
phrase is, * I know my own know
about it, and that^s enough'
[Aa* naoh*' mi e*h'n nau* uboot*
it*, un* dhaats* uni'h'f], I have
my own knowledge about it, and
that is enough. Before a con-
sonant, the final element [h'] is
usual.
Knowfol [nao-fuol], adj. knowing.
Wh. GL ; Mid. This is the usual
pronunciation of the coinpountL
it has sometimes a short vowel,
but when this is the case, there
is a final element [naoh*'fuol].
Xonny [kaon*i], adj. generally
used in the sense of neat and
attractive, and, as a rule, fol-
lowed or preceded by little. Wh.
GL ; gen.
Knm [kuom*], v. a. and sb. to
scum; Mid.
Knm-cmddle [k;u*n-kruodu*n, a
chum-staff, i. e. a chum-curdler,
the name of the vessel being also
applied to its contents; Mid.
The }V1i. GL has the same com-
pound, with a different pronun-
ciation.
Knm [kun-, ku*u]; or Chnm
[chun*], buttermilk; Mid. The
last word is used, too [b:uo*t'u-
milgk], but not much.
Kurn-snpper [kur*n-8Uop*ur] ; or
Chum-supper [chu*n-, chun*-,
chuon*-, chon*-, chaon*-, (and)
chon'-suop'ur]. Churn is a much-
used woi*d, and used in many
ways. The [uo],[ao], and [o] forms
are heard usually from old people.
The churn-su^tper is often, for
convenience, incorporated with
the * moll-supper,' the time of
which is at the end of the wheat
harvest. The gathering and
festivities on this occasion are
the most characteristic of the
year, and a long time of pre-
paration is necessary. Gener-
ally, however, the churn-supper
marks the end of the bean-
harvest, when all harvesting is
done. There is not that uproar-
ious mirth attending the time of
the churn-supper which distin-
guishes that of the * mell-supper,*
nor is it usual to engage in
dancing afterwards. The occa-
sion being more for the enjoy-
ment of a household, there is a
tea, to begin with, and as the
requirements of a farmhouse
tea-tiiblo, on any special occa-
sion, involve a great deal of
churning work beforehand, the
name of churn-supper may be
accounted for in this way. In
some localities, there is a festive
72
MID-YORKSniRE GLOSSARY.
ovoning at tho ond of *com-
sheariug ' time, and this occasion
is also associated with a churn-
supper,
Knss [kuos*], the pronunciation
of kiss, in all its parts, among
those who employ broad dia-
lect ; gen. Mothers, young and
old, invariably use the word in
addressing their children. *Gro
thy ways, and kiss granny,
honey' [Gaang' dhi wi'h'z, un*
kuos* graan'i, m'i].
Kyd [kid'J, a bundle of thorns,
or * whins ' (fuize), used for
fencing; Mid.
Kye [kaay], kine. Wlu GL ;
gen.
Kye-byre [ka'y-ba'yh*], a cow-
bam, or house. Il'/i. (//. ; gen.
Eytle [kaaytu'l], a miner's work-
ing-coat, of coarse linen ; Nidd.
Labber paab-uV], v. a. to dabble
with the hands, or feet ; to splash.
Labbered [laab'ud], splashed;
bemirod. Labberment [laabu-
ment], a * washing of linen upon
a small scale, called also a * ' slap-
washing" [slaap'-wacshin].' Wh,
ill. ; gen. The last tonu is also
made use of to denote the action
of splashing. ' Give over mak-
ing such labhermeiit ' [Gi aowh^r
maak'in sa'yk* laab'ument].
Laboursome [le-h'busum], adj.
laborious. M h. 01. ; gon. Also
labourous [lo*h*burus] ; Mid.
Lace [li'h's], v. a. to use extra-
vaguntly ; gen. * Thou 's lacvd
some honey into that tea of
thine, my lad' [Dhooz* li*h*st
suom* uon'i intu dhaat* "ti* u
dhaa'n, maa laad*].
Lacer [li-h'sur], applied to any
object unusually large. Wh.
Ul. ; gen.
Lacing -mob [li'h'sin - maobi, a
mob-cap, the material of wnich
is lace. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Ladlonper [laad'laowpurl, applied
to a forward, giddy gu*!. Wh.
Ol. ; gen.
Lafter paaf't^ur], a term for a
fowl's produce of eggs; gen.
•That's the old hen's la/Ur
[Dhaats* t ao'h'd enz* laaf't'ur].
Lag [laag-], a hoop; Mid.
Lahtle flaa-t'ul] ; or LitU
[laayt'uT], adj. and sb. little ;
gen.
Lai'k pe-h'k, l:i-h'k], v. n. and
V. a. to play. Lai'kinspeh'kins],
playthings. Lai'kin - brass
fle'ii'kin-braas], pocket-money.
IVh, GL; gen. The first pro-
nunciation of lai'k is tho usual
one.
Lair pe-h'r]; or LC-ar [lii'h'r],
bam; gen. The first is the
refined form.
Lai't [le'h't], v. a. to seek, or
search. Jf7<. OL ; gen.
La'lack [le-h'luk, lih'luk], tho
lark ; gen. * Sky-/a7acA: ' [skaa*-
le*-h'luk]. See Laverock, of
which word this is perhaj^s a cor-
ruption.
Lalder [laal'd'ur] ; or L older
[lold'ur], V. n. explained in
the Wh, OLy *to sing ranting
psabnody,* with a reference to
* LoUardism.* Fix)m the use ot
the word in other parts (and it
is general to the county), this
Rjiecial meaning is not quite ap-
parent. The first form is the
usual one, and is applied to any
singing noise whatever, as to a
meaningless lullaby ; (compare
our verb to hiU.) It would l»e
difficult to suit an action with
a better word on occasions.
LaUing {Wh. OL) is also a
g^oneral term, used with quite a
similar meaning. The wrby to
lall, claims an equal recognition,
however.
Lalder [laal'd'ur], v. n. to lounge
idly; i)rcs. part. Wh. OL; gt'::.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
73
Iiance [laans*], v. a. 'Come,
youVe more brass (money) than
me— lance out ! ' [Kuom*, yoov
me'h'r braas* un* •maey* — laans*
cot'], turn it out ; Mi(C Henco
also launch [laansh'], with the
addition of final h.
Lander riaau'd'ur], v. n. to be
carelessly idle ; Mid. * Whore's
t* goodman, dame?* *Nono
knows I — t* day-work's done,
and he'll be landering a^in
(against) someo* t' gates' [Wi'h'z
t giwchnaan*, di'h'm? No'h'n
nao'h'z Aa* — t di'h' - waa'ks
di'h'n, un* il* bi laan'd'u'rin
ugi'h'n 'suom* u t yaats*].
'None knows I' is an idiom
confined to conversation which
in a strain of mock-indifPerence.
Otherwise, the likely phrase
would be, *Nay, I knawn't'
[Ne*, Aa* nao'h'nt].
Lands [laandz'J, sb. pi. the divi-
sions of ground between furrow
and furrow, in a field ploughed
at long distances, for drainage
purposes; gen.
Langcanny [laang'kaani], a point
of exhaustion; the far end of
anything. Wh, 01. ; gen. * They
are at langcanny now ; they can
get no fartiier ; one of them will
have to jjuU in* [Dhur* ut.
laang'kaani noo* ; dhe ku'n* git*
nu faa-d'ur ; 'yaan* on* um' u'l e
tu poo'l in*], one of them \\all
have to pull in, or submit.
Langhnndred [laang*uo*ndhud],
a hundred of six-score, as eggs
are usually reckoned. Wh, 01. ;
fen. A langdozen [laang*-
uoz'u'n] of the same coimt
fourteen.
Langlength [laang-lenth*, (and)
linth'], long or full-length. Wh.
01.; gen.
Lang-pound riaang'-puond*], or
long -roll [laang'-raowlj, is
applied to a roll of butter weigh-
ing twenty- two ounces ; the
usual sixteen bein^ associated
with a short-roll [imu't-raowl].
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Lang sen [laang* sen*], long since.
Wh, 01. ; gen. Lang sin
[laang* sin*] is in more use ; but
the first form is most adhered
to when both parts are accented.
Lang - settle [laang* - setu'l], a
long-settle, or long' seat, with a
high, boarded back, and arms,
made to hold several persons.
Its proper place is the * neukin,'
or chimney-corner, of an old-
fashioned fire-place, but it is to
be found elsewhere about a house.
A parlour lang-settU \fi often seen
cushioned and padded, and takes
the place of the modem sofa.
The movable backed seats of
public-house accommodation go
by this name — lang-y or long-
aettlcy everywhere in tiie county.
Wh, 01.; gen.
Langsome [laang-sumL adj. long-
some, i. e, tedious. Wn, 01, ; gen.
Langstreak'd [laang-st'riih'kt],
adj. laid at full len^h, or at * long-
stretch ' [laang'st'nch] ; Nidd.
Lang-tongued [laang* - tuongd],
adj. * ^ven to tale-bearing, over-
talkative.' Wh. 01, ; gen. Its
substantive form is common.
[Gaan* ugi*h'tud2, laang'-tuong I]
' Go agatords (your ways), long-
tongue I *
Lankle-yed []aa*nku'l-yed*1, a
wooden ladle, having a long
handle and a large bowl ; Mid.
Lapcock [laap*kok1. Hay is in
lapcock over a field when in
small heaps ; gen.
Larl [laa*l] ; or Lile [la'yl], little.
These, and the other varjdng
forms of this adjective [see
Lahtle, litle], are often heard
in association, and, at times,
serve to make a designation
more clear. * It was none of
that ; it was the /arZ-little one '
[It* waa neh'n u *dhaat* ; it* waa
UID-TOKKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
These la«t words may be used in
ordinary epeech, but the com-
moner form is Ifoil one — obWously
not of a precise ctiaractur, as
these words might equally refer
to pereooa or objects of large
idze, as to ihose of Lttle size,
merely bavin s the relative sig-
niflcation of the ieaft one of two.
LaH is generally beard, but is
much more common to Mid-
Yorkshire than Niddordale, where
lik'a theobtaining form, though,
strictly, this is a refined pronun-
ciation, in use over well-nigh all
the rural part of the county.
Lile-larl [la'y'l-laa'l (and) laa-1]
is a Niddurdulo expression to de-
note anything exceedingly little.
Lath [loasL'], v. a. to re-infuse ;
gen. ' Put a sup more water in
the toa-pot, and don't owrhieii
. it ' [Puot' u suop- muo'h' waat''ur
i t ti-h'-pot', un' diu'ut aowh'r-
laash' \i'\ don't make it [tho
tea) too weak. Iiastaings
[laash'inz] are the weakest re-
mainder of any infusion.
Lub [laash'], v. a. to comb out ;
to go ovur ground with a brush
lightly, so as to remove one sub-
stance without interfering with
a lower deposit; gen. LashihuX
straw up, and let t' caS (chuS)
bide ' (remain) [Laash' dhaat'
stri" nop', un' lit" t kaaf- baad].
durabl
Lannd [Jaoh-'nd], sb. and adj.
lawn; Mid.
Laverock [laavrult], the krk;
Mid.
Lta [li-h'], fl scythe. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Leaf pi-h'f], the inwanl fat l>e.
longing to a pig. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
liOam [lili'm], V. a. ami v, ii. To
furnish the spinning-wheel with
the raw material is to learn it.
ICA. 01. ; gen.
Lcomer [iih'm-u], a. large filbert
nut. iVkQl.; gsa. Called also
a learning [lih'min] ; Mid.
Lea-Band [li'h'Boand], scythe-
sand ; used on the ' strickle,' in
sharpening tho implement. IFh.
L6ase [lih's, lih'z], v. n. and v. a.
to nd groin of parasitic and
foreign growths, previous to
thrashing. Wh. GL; gen.
LcatiL [li'h'dh]; Of Leather
[li'h'dhur], adv. (ooii, and x
(but loss common in use)
I^ave [li-h'v], I>ieve [^lee-v],
Li^aver [li'h'vur], Iiiever
[lee"vur], the first two positive
and the last two comparative
forms. Tho positive forms have
frequently « added. ' I 'd us feu (Aa
have that' ' But I 'd Uather
have t' other' [Aa-d uz- h'h'dhz
o 'dhaat-. Bud- -Aa-d li'h'dhur
ae t -uod''ur]. Tho superlative
is formed by tho addition of at,
to all tho foi-ms; the compara-
tivos being augmented in this
wav, too. The final voweb are
elided.
Lcathe [lih'dh], v. a. to relax,
or make flexible. Wh. 01; Mid.
Also employed as an adjective.
leatherlaps [ledh'ulaape], usu-
ally upj^ied Ui a forgetful person ;
gou. The [e] interchanges mth
LCathwake [li-li'dh-we-h'k], ad;,
flcxiblo. "riiia word, noted in
the Wh. 01. as restricted in ap-
1 will say of a stiff pair of
giiitn-s, ' I mit.st work tbcm
while (till) they nre leafhwakt'
[Aa- niun- waa'k um- waal-
dhur- L-h'dh-wo-hk]. And so
of a still limb, 'It'll got iSath-
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
75
icake wi* working* [It'u*! git-
li'li*dh-we"Vk wi waa'kin], CI
A.S. lii^ewQfi, pliant, from 10^, a
joint.
X^ave. See Leath,
Xeavelang [li-h'vlaang], adj.
oblong. Mil, 01.; gen.
Leaves [li-h'vz], sb. pi. leavings ;
Mid.
Leokon [leknin], v. n. to pour;
gen. * Leckon on ' [lek'un aon*],
pour on!
Lesty day ! [les-ti de-h' !] intcrj.
a phrase of .commiseration,
having its equivalent in *Alas!
the day ! ' H'A. 01. ; Mid.
Letten riet-u*n, litu*n], past part,
let Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Leyant [livaant*], v. a. to * lever
up,' or raise by leverage when
the fulcrum is between the weight
and the power, as in displacmg
a block of stone with a bar ; Mid.
* Now then, go to the hinder-end
with a stackbar, and if thou can
nobbut levant it the boogth of a
nail, we shall manage, it is likely '
[Noo dhin*, gaan* ti t* in'd'ur-
ind* wiv u staak'baa'r, un* if*
dhuo kun' naob'ut livaant* it* t
buogdh* uv u nih*l, wi su'l*
maan'ish its* laa*klinz], if you
can only raise it a nail's-breadth,
&c.
LeWit pevit], v. a. to raise, with
aid aimliary to that of common
force; or, by leverage. When,
e. g., a weighty bundle, or corded
box, is just raised, and moved
forward with the knees, it is
Uvitted, The past ])art. is ex-
ampled in the Wh, GL ; Mid.
Lick-for-leather riik*-fu-ledlru],
one is going lick-j or -leather when
at full speed ; Nidd.
licks [liks*], used for a beating,
and implying desert; but this
formation of the substantive by
the addition of « to the verb is a
noticeable feature in ina-^t of the
Yorkshire varieties. Wli. 01. ;
gen.
Lie [lee*], a dark natural speck
on a tooth ; gen.
Lieve. See Leath.
Lig [lig], V. n. and v. a. to lie,
or lay. Wh. 01. ; gen. The
past participle of the neuter verb
IS often heard as lain [li*h*n,
le'h'n (ref.)], and that of the
active verb as laid [li-h'd, lo'h'd
(ref.)], but these distinctions are
not really recognised; and fre-
quently Ugged [ligd*] is sub-
stituted for both. Liggen is
employed, too, usually before a
pronoun followed by a propo-
sition, or an adverb. This is
especially the case when these
parts end a sentence. *IIow
have you laid it?* (or *him,'
*her,* or * those*?) [Oo*z tu
lig*u*n it, im*, aor**, dhim*].
*I have laid it down, on one
side * (sideways) [Aa*v lig*u*n t
doo*n, u yaa* saa*d]. Lig is
used in the sense of to bet, or
wager, and is sometimes, in easy
talk, heard sis a auhstatitive.
* Ho *s got a lig on it * [Iz* git'u*n
u lig* on* t], has got a bet on it.
Lig-abed [lig*ubed], lay-in-bed,
applied to a late riser. Wh. 01. ;
gen.
Light fleet*], v. n. to alight ; pret.
let [let*]. Also used with on
following, with the varied but
allied meaning of, to succeed ; to
fare well, or ill. ( * He 's letten on
badly * [Eez* let*u*n on* baad*li].)
When have or has is joined to o
pronoun, in connection "^"itb
either of these forms, the par-
ticiple takes en. But in the case
of the first form, this is (juito a
permissible feature, and, in the
last, is verj' rarely omitted. The
Wh. 01. notes these various
forms, adopting light [la*yt*
(ref*)] for the spel&ig of the
verb, which is much used east
and north - east (pp. [lit*u*n,
76
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
let'u'n]), but tho true dialect
form, constantly hoard in north,
mid., and south Yorkshire, has
[oe] for the voweL
Lightening [leetnin]. Any in-
^edient for raising dough goes
oy this name. Mli, 01. ; Mid.
Tno more used and general term
is rising [raa'zin, raayz'in].
Lightsome [leet'sum], adj. * lively,
frolicsome.' Wh, Ul, ; gen.
Like [laa'k, la'yk*, leyk], adv.
likely. Wh. 01.; gen. The
two lafit pronunciations are re-
fined. This word undergoes
many changes. Like, a^j. has
its comparative in liker[laa*kur],
and its superlative in likest
[laa'kist]. It has also its posi-
tive in a less degree, likish
[laa'kishj. The same with re-
gard to likely [laa'kli], when an
adjective, which is absolute in a
loss degree in likelyish [laa'k-
lish], meaning a little, or some-
what likely. The positive of this
word is also formed by the addi-
tion of 8 — likelys ; comp. like-
ly ser [laa'klizur], lilLer (Taa'kurl ;
super, likelysest [laa'kliziztj,
likerest [laa*kurizt], likest
[laa-kizt]. *I shall be like to
So * [Aa* su'l bi laa'k tu gaan^'].
[ere, the word has the meamng
of necessitated; implying a soft
resolve, and hardly having its
equivalent in any standard Eng-
lish form. It has also the mean-
ing of alike. * They were like as
t^'o t'^dna* [Dhe waa laa'k uz*
twi'h' twinz']. The word also
joins itself to several prepositions
idioniaticallv. ' There 's nothing
like to it ' [Dhi'h'z naowt* laa'k
tiv t]. * I am like for to go ' [Aa*z
laa'k fu tu gaang'J, must of neces-
sity go (with tho implied meaning
remarked on above). * He would
not go like through that' [Ee
waad'u'nt gaang* laa'k thruof'
dhaat*], like from that ; because
of that ; or, for that reason. * I
never saw tho like on it' [Aa'
ni'h'r see'd t laa*k on* t], of it ;
never saw its like. Here « is
added to the substantive, with
great frec^uency. The same pre-
position IS also employed with
increased idiom. * Me seemed
to like on it ' fEe si'h'md tu laa'k
on* t], seemed to ^tX» it. The s,
as a rule, follows when by occurs
idiomatically. ' I never saw the
likes by him' [Aa* nivu see'd
t laa'ks biv* im*], never saw his
like; or, anything to compare
with him. lake, also, at times,
precedes prepositions, in a sense-
less, superfluous way enough to
the eye, but, in connection with
the tone usual to this peculiar
position, reducing their abrupt-
ness. * They are like against
one another, as it is' [Dhur*
laa'k ugi'h'n yaan* unidh'u, uz*
it* :iz], are as those who are
against, or have a pique against
each other, as it were. This
usage is, however, but slight
compared with its position at the
end of a sentence, as an exple-
tive. *It was there, like' [It*
waa dhi'h', laa*k]. * Happen,
like' [Aap*u'n, laa*k], perhaps
so. And in a multitude of sen-
tences; the word being always on
the tongue. lake is also used im-
personally, with 8 added. * If it
likes them to do it, why, let them
do it ' [If* it* 'laa'ks um* tu di'h't,
w:aa*yu *lit' um* dih't]. The
addition is also usual to likeli-
hood [laa'kli:uodz], but this sub-
stantive has a much more used
equivalent in likliness [laa'kli-
nus].
Likes [laa'ks], v. a. to like (but
not used in the inflnitive) ; gen.
The s is added by custom, to
many common verbs, as dare
[daa'z], hiow [naoh*'z], love
rluovz'], think [thing'ks], do
[diz*], feel [fih-'lz], say [sih*'z*],
and very many more in the
present tense of the indicative.
FThis final a is really the old
Northumbrian inflexion, stUl re-
MID-TOKKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
77
tained in the commoner verbs, slb
being the oldest and most im-
portant. -See Morris, Hist. Out-
lines of E^. Accidence, pp. 41
_44.— W. W. S.]
Idllylow riil-il:aow, l:aoh', lac],
'the child's designation of the
fire, or a light in general.' Wh,
Ol. ; gen. The last termination
is the refined. See Low. ILilly-
low = a little blaze. It is merely
low with the Danish lille, little,
prefixed. The Danish would bo
en liUe lue. This is my con-
jecture.— W. W. S.]
Lim'er [lim*iirj, the shaft of a
Tehicle -^ a limber. Wh, 01. ;
gen.
limber [lim'bur, lim*urj, adj.
flexible, pliant. Apphed to
material. Wh, OL; gen.
Limp [limp*], a miner's hand-
shovel, for separating the ore
and dirt while m the sieve ; Nidd.
Idn pin*], sb. and adj. linen ; gen.
•A Ztn apron '[TJ lin* aaprun].
* A lin cap * [TJ Gn* kaap*]. There
is no distmction of form oetweon
the adjective and suhetantive. {_Lin
was formerly Hiostihetantive only,
and is preserved in linseed. —
W. W. 8.]
ping'], moor-heath. W7i.
01. i gen.
ing [ling*], the name of a large
sea-nsh. Wh, Gl. ; gen.
-nail ping'-ne-'h'!] ; or Lin-
naU [lin- - ne-hl] (Wh. OL),
linch-pin; gen.
Lingy [lin ji], adj. strong; active;
Mid.
Iiit-aiL*-lat [lit'-un-laat-], v. n. to
skulk about, with a questionable
purpose; to idle away time.
• There was somebody htting aiC
lotting about our house- end at
the fore of the evening — was it
thee?' [Dhih'* wu suo'mbudi
lit'in nn* laat'in uboot* oor* oo*s-
ind* ut t fSaor* ut* ee*n — waar* it-
•dhoo- ?]. * What's thou Htting
(uC latting at there ? — get to thy
work ! ' [Waats* 'dhoo* lit'in un*
laat'in aat* dhih** ^ — git* ti dhi
waa'k!]. To native ears, the
last word is usually associated
with late [lo'h't], to seek; and
the first is taken as meaning' to
pry, or listen.
Lith [lidh*], muscle, or sinew.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Lithe [laa'dh, laaydh*], v. a. and
V. n. The Wh. OL has, "to
thicken broth with oatmeal-
paste, called the * lithing.* "
The word is in general use,
and is employed when any kind
of liquid (milk, gruel, &c.) is,
while mmmering over the fire,
made thick wim meal of any
description.
Liwer [livu], v. a. to deliver.
A much-used form. * Liwer ing
out ' [livu'rin oot*], serving out.
* To liwer up * [Tu livu'r uop*],
to surrender. Liwerance [livu'r-
ims], deliverance, or release.
Wh, OL; gen. The word is,
however, not used in all tho
senses belonging to its equivalent.
It would not be used in the sense
of to rescue,
L6ad-8addle fluoh-'d-, le-h'd-
saadul], a wooden pack-saddle.
Wh, GL ; ^n. The last pro-
nunciation IS favoured by old
people, and the long vowel is
usual.
Lobby [lobil. A roomof any kind
is thus alluded to, familiarly;
Mid.
Lobster-loiue flob-sfu-loo-s], a
wood-louse. \Vh, GL ; Mid.
Lode-tree [leh'd-t'ree- (and) t'ri],
the two cross bearers which form
part of cart-shelvings ; gen.
Lof [laof], adj. In Nidderdale,
occasionally hoard for ImVj as is
loffer [laorur], for lower,
Lof -hole [laof--uo*h'l], a small
natural opening ; Nidd.
78
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Loggin [lopj'in], a bundle of long
straw; Mid.
Lointer [luo*h*nt*ur, lao-ynt*ur],
V. n. loiter ; Mid.
Lollops [lol'ups]; or Lallops
[laal'ups], an idle, unwieldy
girl Wh, GL ; gen. Lollop
IS in use as a neuter verb, Lal-
lopy {Wh. GL) [laal-upij, adj. is
also in use ; as are adjectives with
their usual ending.
Longcatcher [laang-kaatchur],
applied to a person too easily
frightened; Mid. *Thou great
langcatching buzzard!' ['Dhoo*
•grih'tlaang'kaatchin 'buoz'ud!]
A figure obviously taken from
those games in wmch a weighty
ball plays a part.
Loning [laon'in,lon*in, luo'h'nin],
lane; gen. The two first are
the refined pronunciations, but
much used. This substantive
takes a variety of forms. Thus :
[liuoh-'n, luo'h'n] are heard over
a very wide N. and N.E. area.
[Lau'n] is the market - town
form, north and cast. [Lu'h'n]
extreme north, refined. [Li-h'nJ
the broad form of the north-
riding. [Laon, laon*. Ion*]
Mid - Yorkshire. [Luon] over
the same area. [Xaon-in, lon*-
in] over the same, and north-
wards. [Loan*] an intermediate
form, heard about Richmond.
The town forms of ^lane"* are
chiefly : [Lao-yn, laoyn*] Leeds
and Bradford districts, &c. ; and
[LaiTi] Halifax and Dewsbury
districts, &c., with an usual
change of vowel to fe*^ imder
certain conditions. This form
[le'n] becomes the refined one,
too, in the last districts. But
the more common refined one,
general, too, to town and coimtry,
is [Le-h'n]. This is heard, too,
at Dewsbuiy, where the dialect
is in mixed character.
Lop [lop-], a flea. Wit. GL ; gen.
Loppard pop-udl, adj. The Wlh,
GL has "flea-bitten," and this
may, in Mid-Yorks.* and else-
where (the word is general to
the county), be the true mean-
ing, but it is rarely, if ever, the
direct one. It -is used of any
filthy person or object, vaguely.
When the kind of attack indi-
cated is apparent, and calls for
remark, loppard is not used, but
* lop-bitten ' [lop*-bitu*n].
Lopper*d [lopud], adj. curdled.
WK GL ; Mid. Also a v. a.
Lore [le-h'r (refined), U-h'r],
learning. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Lost [lost*, luost-], adj. The
Wh, GL has two common
phrases : ** They *re loii i' muck "
[Dheh-' lost* i muok*] ; "We 're
lost i; thrang" (throng) [Wi-h'
lost* i f raang*] ; explaining the
first by " infestea ; " and the last
by *'*over head and ears* in
business." But, in each case,
the word seems employed figur-
atively, in the sense of hid, and
is so heard in other parts of the
county
Louk [laowk*, look*], v. a. and
sb. to weed. This term is most
usual in relation to field-labour.
It is, however, much more used
as a verb than dock and docken
(which see). See, also, "Wick,
Wicken.
Lound [laownd*, loond], adj. used
of the weather when, with a
touch of warmth, it is bright,
and almost breozelcss. 117*. GL ;
gen. The refined form [luwnd]
is much heard. [The Icol. lygn,
Swed. Ingn, Dan. 1 tinny signify-
ing crt/m, are chiefly used of
winds and waves. — W. W. S.]
Lounder [laownd'ur, loou'd'ur],
V. a. to beat. Wh, GL ; gt»n.
The refined form of this word
[luwnd'ur] is even more used.
Loup [laowp*], V. n., v. a,, and
sb. to leap. Wh, GL ; gen.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
79
low [laow], a flame. Wit. Gl. ;
gon. Also, as a verb imjKrs.y for
the noise made by a flamo. Seo
Lillylow.
Lowse paows*], adj. and ab. loose.
The Wh. GL has * loose in all
senses.' The verb is distinctly
marked, however, throughout the
county, by a change of the final
consonant [laowz*J. A refined
form [laoh*'z] is also greatly
used. As a suhatantive lowse
is heard in such a sentence as,
* He is going on the loose a<Miin *
[E(»z' gaa'in ut* laows* uj:»:i*n'n],
perhaps a slang term. IiOwse
at Heft [laows* ut eft*], a scape-
grace, till, GL; gen. Also,
adjectivally,
Lowsing [laowzing], a loose
fellow; gen.
Lowter [laowt*'ur], v. n. to idle ;
Mid. *To go and lowter thy
time away for three clock hours
— woe worth t' skin o' thee ! *
[Tu gaan' un* laowt*'ur dhi
taa'm uwi'h* fur* 'thracv* 'tlok*
uo'h'z — *we*h* 'woth* t 'skin* ao
dhu!]
Lowze paowz], loose, in the sense
of a disclosure, or revelation.
'What a lowze!' [Waaf u
laowz-]. Wh. GL ; md.
Lowze [laowz'], a sudden lunging
blow. Wh, GL : Mid. Also, as
a verb active.
Lowzening []aowz*ninl, a trade-,
or similar feast. Also, in the
sense of dispersion. Wh. GL ;
gen.
Lowze out [laowz* (ref. [laoh-*z])
oot*], V. a. to unloose, or open
out in any way; to disband, or
disperse; as when the 'church
lowzes * [chaoch* laowzizjor * lowz-
ens* [laowz'u'nz]. The JVJi. GL
supplies an apt illustration in,
" ' it's time to get lowzened out'
[Its* taa'm tu git* laowz*u'nd
oot*], time to get the shop
opened ; " gen.
Lnfe [Hwf*], the open hand.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Lug [luog*], the ear ; gen. to the
county. Wh. Gl. It is very
common as a rerfc, too. 'BCe
was bown to lug me ' [Ee* wur*
boo'n tu luog* mu], going to
null my ear. * Mother, take the
bairn's hands away ; it 's lugging
of me ' [Muod*'ur, taak* t
be*h'nz aanz* uwi'h' ; itz* luogin
ao mu]. As a noun, lug is ap-
plied to any ear-shaped kind of
handle. The head of a shep-
herd's crook is called a lug,
' Thick i' f lug,' hard of under-
standing.
Lult [luolt*], V. n. to idle ; Mid.
Lnm [luom*], a chimney; Mid.
Also, a lode ; Nidd.
Lum'erly [luom*uli], adj. 'awk-
ward, cumbrous.' Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Luther [luodhur]; or Lother
[lodh*ur], V. impers. to seethe,
and substantively y for a seething
state; gen.
Mad [maad*], an earthworm ; Mid.
Mad [maad*], adj. angry ; gen. to
the county. This is also an
'Americanism.* In one of Mr
Beecher's sermons, he begins a
tale about himself in the follow-
ing words: *I remember being
very mad once when I was a
boy,' employing the term merely
in the sense of being angry.
Maddle [maad-u'l], v. a. to be-
wilder. ' I was so maddled I
could hardly bide' [Aa* wur
se'h' •maad*u'ld Aa* kud* aa'dli
baa*d]. ' My head aches, and
feels fair (quite) maddled ' [Maa*
yi'h'd waa*ks, un* fee'ls fe*h'r
maad'uld].
Madge [maaj*], applied to ono
who is the clown or buffoon of a
party, but chiefly hoard of the
person in this character who ac-
companies the ' plough-stots,' on
80
MID-TORiLSUIRE GLOSSARY.
Twelfth-day. as in Wh, Gl. : pen.
Maffle Jmaaful] : or If aft
[maaft*^, T. a. to stifle oneVsolf ;
gen.
i'n [me'h'nj, a spell, or tnm at :
labour; Mid. ^I've had hard ,
main to get my dinner down to-
day* [Aa*v ed" aa*d me*h'n tu
git* nu din'n doo*n tu-di*h']. * I
generally have a bit of a maCn at
the newspaper when I go to York'
[Aa* jen'u'u er* u bit* u u me'h'n
nt ni*hzpe**h'pu wen* Aa* gaanz*
tu -YurV (also) Yu*k]. * There
are such main* between them'
[Dhuz* 'sa'j-k me*h'nz utwi'h'n
um*]. The $ is also usual in the
singular form.
Mains [me*h'nz], employed as a
noun-adjtciivt : Mid. * The place
was mains full' [T pli'h's wur
me'h'nz fuo'l], in great part full.
*T maius of a hundred' [T
me'h'nz u u uo'h'ndhud], the
most of a hundred.
Mainswear [me*h'nsw:ihn, v. a.
and V. n. to forswear. Wh, GL;
Mid. [A.S. mdn-sweriany to
forswear : from indiij eviL —
W. W. S.]
Maistlings [mch'stlinz], adv.
mostly. Wh, Gl. ; gen. Another
usual form merely acquires «
with the adverb proper.
Mak [maak*], make, shape, kind
or variety. * All maha an* man-
ders* [Yaal* maaks* u'n maan*-
d*uz], all makes and manners.
Wh, 6L; gen. The verb has
the same pronunciation. The
following announcement of a
Bazaar which was to bo held at
Staithes, on the north-east coast,
some years ago, is attributed to
the old bell- woman there re-
sident: *Thi8 is to gi'e noatice,
'at tber's a Buzoon at t' Banter
Chapel; bairns' frocks, slips an'
sarkis, jack-asscs an' gingerbread,
an' a'll maks an' mandors ' [Dhis*
iz* tu gi nuo-h'tis ut' dhuz* u
Buzoo'n ut* Boan't'u Choap-il;
be*h*nz fraoks" slcps* on* saa'ks
jaak'aasiz un* jin'jubTi**h*d, un*
uo*h*l maaks* un* maan'd*uz].
By *jack-a&ses,' toy animals of
the species is referred to.
Make [rae*h'k], mate, or com-
panion; gen. [A.S. maca, a
mate, match. — Vf, W. S.]
Mak*ing [maak -in], makeshift ;
Mid. * There's little to dinner
to-day ; it 's nought but a mak-
ing^ [Dhuz* laa'l tu din'u tu
di'h' ; its* naob*ut u *maak*in].
Makings [maak*inz], has a more
refined equivalent in xnatterSy
as used in dialect speech. 'There
are no makings of it left ' [T)hih*'z
ne'h' maakinz u it* lif't], there
are no matters of it, or anv-
thing of consequence, left. ' No
makinqs ; let us go' rXe*h'
maak'mz; lits* gaang*], no
matter ; let us go.
Mak sharp! [maak'sbaa*p! (and)
sheh- p !] inteij. make sharp, i. c
make naste. Wh. Gl. ; gen. Tho
form is also in common use as a
vrrh neuter. ' If thou maks sharp
thou 11 get it ; and if thou doesnt
thou won't' [If- dhoo maalur
shaa'p dhuol' git* it* ; un* if^
dhoo diz'u'nt dhoo win*ut].
Mak-shift [maak'-shift], an ex-
cuse. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
MaUy [Maal'i], ^lartha ; gen.
Mancatcher [maan-kaaclmr], a
constable ; Mid. Old people use
this word.
Mang [maang*], v. impers. to mix;
and substantively y for a rou^
mixture, or mash; Mid. *It
mangs well * [It maan^' wee*l].
As a substantive, apphed to *a
mash of bran, malt,' &c, the
word occurs in the Wh. Gl.
Marl [maal], sb. and v. imp.
sleet; gen.
Marrish [maarish], a marsh.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Marrjw [maar*u], v. a., v. n.,
MII)-YOKKSmUE GLOSSARY.
81
and sb. matcli. Wh. OL ; gen.
But a much more used word
than its equivalent. * Thoy are
marrows in bone-idleness' [L)hur
maaruz i beh'*n-aa'du'lnus], are
equals in being thorouelily idle.
* Marrows "WeU met' [Maar-uz
wee'l met'], equals, or fellows
well met.
! [maard 1] a common t^rm
of asseveration, always on the
aar*i],
be'h'nj, ' Marry y me ! * f Maari,
mee* (and) m:e*y]. Wh. 01. ; gen.
[maask*], v. a. to mash, or
infuse; Mid.
Xanf [mao'h'f], the usual designa-
tion of a oompanion or an asso-
ciate. Wh, OL ; Mid.
Ifftnl* [mao'h'lz], the herb marsh-
mallows; gen.
'y^'nni [maoh*'ml, adj. said of
fruit in an over-iy, ill-flavoured
state. WK OL ; gen.
ICannd [mao'h^nd], a large open
hand-basket Wh, OL ; Mid.
Hannder [mao'h'nd'ur], v. n. used
in the various senses of to mur-
mur, to mutter, or to grumble
in a low tone. Wh. OL (parti-
ciple) ; gen. See Meander.
JIaimge [mao'h'nj], untoward,
confused accident; Mid. (The)
• table fell over, with the break-
fast things on, that had never
been sided (put away) yet, and
made such a maunge as never '
fTi-h'bu'l fel- aowh'r, wiv t
Drik*us thingz' aon', ut* ed*
ni'h'r bin* saa'did yit*, un*
mi'h'd 8aa*k u mao'h'nj uz'
•nivu].
Xannsel [mao-h'nsil], a dirty or
slatternly fat woman usually
gets this name. Wh, OL ; gen.
Maw [mao'h*], the stomach ; Mid.
Kawk [mao'h'k], maggot; gen.
to the county. Wh, OL CaUed
also maddock [maad'uk] ; Mid.
See Mad.
Mawky [maoh^'ki], adj. peevish
and disoontonted ; also whim-
sical, as in the Wh, OL ; gen.
Meal [mi'h'l],.flour; gen. When
flour is a 8jK>ken word (not often
on the part of old people), it is
[floo'h']. Meal -man [mi'h'l-
mun, (and) mi'h'lmaau], a flour-
dealer ; also a worker in a floui--
mill.
Meander [mi-h'nd'ur], v. n. to
murmur, complainingly. Also,
to whine ; Mid. See Maunder.
Mear [mi'h'rj, adj. and adv.
the pronunciation of more^ and
usual to the class of word. The
final letter is most frequently
discarded before a consonant ; in
a few instances it is permissible ;
gen. Mr Marshall's interpreta-
tion of this form, in the Glossary
of East Yorkshire Provincialisms
appended to the ' Bural Economy
of Yorkshire' (1788), as *the
plural of mare* is but a guess.
(See E. D. S. Gloss. B. 2, p. 33.)
In Mid- Yorkshire [mi'h'r] is the
antiquated form ; tne general one
being [me'h'r] ; with JTmu'r] and
[mao'lrr] for refined rorms.
Mease [mi'h'z], v. n. to be ab-
sent-minded; Mid. 'Somewhat
(something) ails our Nance (Ann,
mmiliarly), or she would never
go measing about, at all ends,
me day through' [Suom'ut
ye'h'lz uo'h* Naans*, ur* shud*
ni'h'r gaang* mi'h'zin uboot', ut*
yaal- inz*, t dih' thruof*]. The
word may be musey the pronun-
ciation of this word being iden-
tical.
Mease [mih'z] ; or Moasen
[mi'h'zu n], v. n. to act sloth-
fully; Mid. The terms are
widely applicable. When not
hungry, a person is disposed to
* measen over his meat ' [mi'h'zu'n
aow'h'r iz' mi'h't].
6
82
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Kt-at [iiii'li't], V. a. to feed ; gen.
U«.-anl yerv generally in the
county. 'ihe chief southern
pronunciation ia [meyt*]. A
meal*s - meat [mi'h'lz - mih''tl
(rural), and [m:e*ylz - me\-fj
Ufwu), is a common term, signi-
fying food enough for one meal.
Meatwhole [mih*'twaul], a^j.
haying a healthy appetite ; een.
The pronunciation indicated in
the Wh. 01. Meatheeal [mih-'t-
i'h*l], with a faint sound ap-
proaching y before the vowel in
the last part of the word, is also
very common among the Mid-
Yorkshire peasantry.
Meech [mih-'ch], v. a. and v. n.
to loiter, with stealth; to idle
al)oi)^t, ashamodly ; Mid. FFa-
miliar in the South of England
in the form t?4i'c^ [mich]. —
W. W. S.]
Meeterly [mee-t'uli], adv. in a
fair state ; gen. * A meeterly
body' is a person whose trim,
becoming ai^pearance inspires
one with a pleasant feeling.
Mell [mel], a malL Wh. GI. ;
gen.
Hell [mel*], v. n. meddle ; gen.
*Lot him mell of Twith^ his
marrow, and none do always
agate of the likes of that larl one *
[Lir* im* mel* uv iz* -maar'u,
un* ne'h'n bi yaal'us uge'h't ut*
laa'ks u 'dhaat* laa-1 un* J, lot him
meddle with his match, and not
be always assailing such as that
little one.
Mellhead Fmol-yih'd], a block-
head. Tf A. OL ; gen.
Mell - shaft [mel* - shaaftj, the
harvest-sheaf; gen. This con-
sists of the last 'sicklcful' of
com, which has been left stand-
ing for the farmer himself to cut.
The sheaf being made, it is set
up, and the harvesters, gathering
round, repeat tr)giither doggrel
verses, like the following, intro-
ducing the farmer^s name
* A— B— '8 gitten all 8h<
mawn.
All but a few standaida» a
o' lowse com.
We hev her, we hev her,
a tether ;
Come, help us to ho'd hei
Hurra! hurra! 1
[ z gitai'n yaal* ahao']
mao'h*n,
Ao'hl buod' u fiw' sfaan^^
u bit' u laow's kuo'h'n.
Wi ev u, wi ev u, fiu
ted'*u;
Kuom*, elp* uz* tu aod"' i
Uo*re' ! uo're* ! i
Another variation is :
*Well bun* (bound), and
shorn, is Farmer '.
We hev her, we hev her,
as a feather —
Hip, hip, hi
[Wee'l buon* un* bet''u shu<
Faa'mu z kuoh'n :
Wi ev u, wi ev' u, uz* £bul8
fid-'u—
Ip' ip'
And up go caps, hooc
aprons. There are other ^
ol this * nomonv,* but not
materially. In some lo
the mdl'Shaft is the pri
race restricted to the 1:
women ; the victorious
bearing it on the wag]
triumi>h. This sheaf is
to dry, then it is *hi
stripped of its husk, that
the * rwf//-cake * is prepar
it. These customs are gn
the wane, and their obser
due in a great measure
sentiment lingering amoi
who remember other cus
their youth which have (
altogether.
Mell-supper [mel'-sucp-i
harvest-supper. Wh. Gi
Melt [melt*, milt'], the
fish ; gen. In the TY'iA.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
b;3
plied to the roe of male fish, and
employed in tho i>liinil. In
north and south Yorkshire gr«'ner-
ally, this form is most heard, but
the singular often comes into use.
It is also properly apj)lied to male
fish, but is frequently (and by
rule in the south) used indis-
criminately.
Xense [mens*], decency ; be-
comingness ; manners. Mense-
fill [mens'fuol}, adj. Menseless
[mens*lus], adj. unmannerly,
untidy. \Vh. 01, ; gen. In Mid-
Yorkshire, the verb is common.-
* Don't stay to jueuse thyself up,
now, but go' [Duon'ut stih' tu
mens' dhisen* uop*, noo, bud*
eaan*]. For * stay,' in this son-
&nce, many sjKMikcrs would as
freely employ * bide ' [baa'dj * 1
would try and make mense of it
of some road* [Aa-d t'raa* un*
maak* mens' aoh*'t iv suom*
ruo'h'd, (also) r:e*h'd], I would
. try and give it a i>rosentable
appearance in some way.
3[ere [mi*h'r], heard, at times,
applied to ground peiTaanently
imder water. Sodden, reedy
ground — a marsh proper — is a
* marrish.' But the usual word
for anything like a pond is dike
ga'yk] and [daa'k] ; although
e word itself [paownd] is much
used; Mid.
Hesspot [mi-h'spotj, an iron
yessel, used for boiling messes
of porridge, &c. ; gen.
Xet [met*], a measure of two
bushels. Met - poke [met*-
puo'h'k], a bag adapted to con-
tain the quantity. Wh. 01. ;
Mid. The term is, at times,
applied to a measure of one
bushel
Xew [miw*] ; or Meaf [nii*h'f] ;
or Miff [™i^*]» ^ mow. Only
the first form is associated vdui
the participle ; the iiunu itself
being usually calltnl the meaf,
in Mid-Yorks., and miff in Nid-
denlale; thoufrh in each locality
that end of the barn wheiT^ tho
pixnluco is stacked is called *t'
mew end.'
Mickle [miku'l], sb., adj., and
adv. much; Liry;e. *jl/ir/i7ff-sized'
[mik'u'l-saa'zdj, large- siiHid. * A
mickle o' ' [U uiik'ul u], a great
deal of. * A went mickh ' [U
went* mik'u'l], a very large.
* Mickle Wild haomair' [Mik'u'l
waad* ae me*h'r], much would
have more. MickVish [raik'lish],
rather largo. Wh, OL ; gen.
Muckle [iiiuok'u'l] is also em-
ployed, chifily as a svlmUtniivi'^
and it is usual to lu'ar the ten i is
in oj)popjition. The proverbial
plirase quoted above won hi
Iiardly, as it stands, carry jxiiiit
to Mid-Yorknliire eaiu * Mickle
wad hae mncklc, an' mmklc wad
hae mair' woiihl meet with a
better appreciation.
Mickle-well [miku'l-wee-l], adj.
verj' much; grn. * 1 's mickU:-
xvvel obliged ' [Aa'z mik'u'l-wee'l
ubleo'jd], I am very much
obliged.
Midden [mid in], a dust-hole ; a
dunghill. Midaen8tead[mid'in-
8ti**h'd], the receptacle in use.
Wh, 01, ; gen.
Midden [mid'u'n], prep, amid;
gen. * I found a goose egg midr-
din the straw-bands ' [Aa* faan'd
u gi'h's iQ'gfs mid'u'n t bt'rih'-
bu'nz].
Middleing [mid] in], a miner's
term for a i>lace which has been
worked on all sides ; Nidd.
Miff [mif •], a fit of pettish anger ;
Iklid.
Mill [mil*], V. n. and v. a. to
shrink, or witlnT. A])i»lied to
persons and things, as in tlio
]Vl(. 01., where tho past pnrt.,
joined to iu, is exanii>l('(l. Tho
verb is also usually followed by
in, to, or iij' ; Mid.
84
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Kill-race [mil--rih'8], mill-dam:
Mid.
[minsh'], sb. and v. a.
mince ; gen. * Minch - pie *
[Minah - paal. * Minch - m^at '
min8li'-mi"lrt]. Common, also,
to town dialect. [Minch*-paa*y],
[Minch'-meyt] (Leeds).
Hind [maa'nd], v. a. to remember;
to remind ; to tend, or superin-
tend ; to be unmindfal, or heed-
less of ; gen. ' Does thou mind
what tiie schoolmaster said to
thee yesterday, Will', when thou
couldba*t spell ? ' * I Tntwd nothing
about it ; I Ve clean forgotten it
[Diz* dhoo maa*nd waat* t ski'hl-
m:eh'sfu aid* tu dhae* jrisii^u-
du, Wil% win* dhuo kuod'u nt
spel'd'u? Aa* maa*ndz naowt*
uboot* it. Aa*v tli*h*n fugit*u*n
t]. 'Well, mind him of it, if
you go, if you please' [Weel*,
maa'nd im* on*t gin' yi gaan*,
un* yupli'h'z]. Said a little girl,
on a nver-packet, that plies for
a few miles up the Ouse from
York, on market-days : [Maam*,
lits* maand yaan* unidh'ur, ur*
wi 8U*1' be'h'th git* d'roon'did],
* Mother, let us take care of one
another, or we shall both get
drowned.* * Minding the bairns
and thehouse'[Maa*ndiu tbeh'nz
im* t oos*], tending the children
and taking care of the house.
[Maa'nd aof' I], mind off! = take
care I
Minler [min*lur], miller; gen.
In the north, milner [mil'nurl is
often heard, but this is not a cha-
racteristic pronunciation.
Hint [mint*], v. a. to suggest ob-
scurely, or intimate by gesture ;
Mid. [* You should have minted
at it,' meaning, *You should
have reminded me of it,' was
said to me last month (June,
1876), in Cambridge. It is pos-
sible that the speaker may have
come from the North, though
now resident here. It is the
A.S. mynfaUf to shew, declare.
— W. W. S.]
Miflbelieye [misbilih'v], y. a.
and V. n. to misunderstand ; Mid.
MiscMeves [mis'chi-h'vz], the
way mischief is treated; Mid.
This is occasionally employed as
a plural form, but at all
times takes the indefinite article.
' He '11 do one a mischieves if he
can any way : mischief* a in him '
[Eel* di'h' yaan* u mi8"chi"h'va
if* i kaan* aon*i wi'h'z — ^mis*-
chi-h'fs i im*].
Miflfitten [misfit'u'nl adj. dis-
proportioned. [Mifflet*u'n], p. t. ;
Miflken [miskcn*], v. a. and v. n.
to misiindorstand, or miscon-
ceive ; to mistake. Wh. GL ;
gen. The word is also in some
use, or, rather, play, as a sub"
ttantive, * It was a miahen ' [It*
waar* u misken*].
Mislest Fmislest'], v. a. to molest.;
gen. There is also an inclina-
tion to adopt [i] for the second
vowel.
Mislook [misli'h'k], v. a. to over-
look, neglectively ; Mid.
Mismense [mismens*], v. a. to
soil, or sully ; to render untidy.
The past part, is exampled m
the Wh, GL The verb is quite
as freely employed in Mid-Yorks.
See Mense.
Misreckon [misrik'u'n], v. a. to
miscalculate; gen.
Mis-sort [misuoh't, (and) sieh't],
V. a. to mistrust ; Mid.
Mistetch [mistech*], v. a. mis-
train, or misteach. Wh, GL past
part.; Mid.
Moil [mao'yl], v. n. and sb. to
toil unremittingly; gen. [Nu-
merous examples of to motl are
given in Todd*s Johnson and
Kichardson. To * toil and moil *
is not an uncommon phrase. —
W. W. 8.]
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
85
■oit [maoyt], a particle. Wli.
61.; gon,
Voke [maoh''k], sb. and v. im-
pers. cloud and dampness to-
gether; gen.
Mol [Mol-, Jtaol-] i or Pol [Pol-,
Paol'], Uary: gon.
Xollycot [molikot] ; or Holly-
coddle [mol'ikodu'l}, sb., t. n.,
and V. a. applied to a. male
person who encogee in house-
nold work. ' Ills wiie's an ail-
ing body (person), eo he molly-
foddUt himxelf a bit ' [Iz' waa'fs
11 ye'h'lin baod-i, se'h' i mol'i-
koduTz izscu- u bit"]- The word
ie HometimeB shortened to molly
[moli].
Moor [muo-h'r], v. a. to cover, or
lumber up; fo OTor-wrap. 'Go
and moor the houeo-fire for over-
night ' [Gaan- un" muoh'r t ooh-
fear fur- aow'h'-neet"]. ' Afoor
thf self up well : it 'a a cold eren-
ing ' [ Uuo'h'r dhisen' uop' wets'l ;
iU-u koo-h'd ee-s (and) li'h'u];
gen, Wb. Gl., "Moord up" —
abo a common phrase generally,
Moot [moot'], verb impcrs. to
appear, or become visible, ns the
large head of a nail will be likely
to do through thin wall-pnper.
'It will moot through' [If u'l
moot' thruof-]. Joined to out,
as in the Wk. 01., the tenn is
aim common ; Mid.
Hooter [moot'ur], multure. Wh.
01.; gfia. The miller's multuro
is in kind, and a children's rhyme
elilur, mil-ur moot'ur-puo-li'k,
■h'k u le'h'd un- stfh'l u
at'ruoh'k].
That ie, took in a ' load,' or three
bushels, of com ; and stole a
' stroke,' or halt-a-bushel, of it.
Morlock [mao'h'luk], a fraudu-
lent contrivance, or triek ; Uid.
'He said that he could not re-
collect nothing (anything) about
it now. Thinks I to myself.
That's a morlodc, however ' [I sed'
ut- i kuodu'nt rikTilek' naowt
uboot' it' noo' Thingks' Aa- ta
misen', -Dhaats' u maoh'luk,
oo-iTu], that is tricky, however.
Horn [muo'h'n, mu-n (ref.)],
morning ; morrow. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. to the county. '.I shall go
. to-mor» o'
happen t
■ eul- gat
The proi
' [Aa'
gaan' uv a
muo'h'n— aap^u'n tu muoh'n ut"
maoh''n]. The pronundation
will be varied often in this man-
ner, but the last vowel is greatly
more characteristic of Boutbem
speech, in which, save in parts
of the south-weet of the county,
the first vowel is not used at all.
Old Mid-Torkshir« people also
vary the pronunciation of happen
(perhaps) by substituting initial
y, [yaap-u'n].
Hond [maow'd], v. a. and v. a.
To moud (i. e. mould} land, is to
break up the cakes of earth in
the spring fallows, afU>r they
have been sufficiently 'tendered'
by the winter's frost. The imple-
ment used is called a 'moudin'-
rake ' [maowd-in-ri"h'kj ; gon.
Uondy-varp [niaowd-i-waa"p,
maoh''di-w«ft"p], a mole. IITk,
hiU [
hill. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Honn [niBown-j, v. n. inust. Tliis
fonn is iisid in the north-west.
In Mid- Yorkshire, and north and
unst goiienilly, maun [maob''n]
in used, with [muon'] when the
verb is preceded by a pronoun
and bears thcstrcssalone. Simth-
ward, it is mun [mun], and
[muon'] in emiihasis ; while
south - west, two other forms
frcvoil, mon [maon-], and muftu
muoh''n]. See Uun.
sr.
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Moy [miao'vl. a*lj. demure, cov.
U7.. 67. ; Mill.
Mnbble [miiol»'ul], a loitering
crowd, where * evervlKxiv is in
evenbf^lv'rf wav ' ; MM.
• • •
Muck [niuok*]. dirt. * It hovers
t'Jl' ,;i".J:' ^l*-*^t^. [It* uovuz
(als'i -jfY'iiy", to a lc->3 extent) fu
nmok]. Mucky [muoki], adj.
'f'lil, mean.' A * //*i/c/;-clout '
[inui'k -thx^], a cleanin<^-cloth.
]Vfi. O'l. ; gen. This word, much
n.oru heard than iX^ equivalent
n ordinary speech, i.s put to
coii.<id«,iablo idiomatic use as a
verl>. To * muck up* [niuok'-
uoj)-] is to th.an up. * Go and
7niir/: the pantry out a bit*
[f laan* un* muok* t paan't'ii (X)t*
u bit']. [Aaz* uiuok'in doon*],
I am cbaninjr dov.n. [Wih*'
dliuz- 'maon'i dhiiz* •muok*, un*
Aaz* boon* tu muok* ef't'u
iie'h'bdi], * Whvro ther«^ 's (are)
man}' there 's m *irk. and I *m going
to j/nirk after nobo<ly.' The word
ismuch usefl in compounds. Here
i.s a scrap of juvenile conversa-
tion :
Jarl'. ' "VMint *8 thou get to thy
Fujipf-r, l>ick r '
JJirk 'ironicallv). * As much as
has over-ft-tteu me for mv dnnk-
ing ' (As much as has overscrved
me to, or, remains after 1 have
had my tea). * ^Vhat 's thou get,
reckons thou?' (* reckon,' to
»/acA- ^triumphantly). ^Ashive
o* 7// //rA-drip and bread, with a
dollo]) o' Halt on 't' (A cut of
bnad, with bnrnt-dripping, and
a lot of salt f»n it).
[Waat.v 'dhoo git* tudhisuop*u,
Dik* :-
L'z* n.ic-lr uz* ez* aow*h'-fet'u*n
mu fu mi dringk'in. Waats*
•dl;o()- gif, rik*u*nz-tu?
U siiaa'v u muok'-d'rip* un*
bri'h'd, wi u dol'uj) u sao'h't ont'].
The emplopnent of the simple
v<Tb may bo implied for the
ANThitby locality, as participial
examples aie giyea in tlie glo»-
sarv.
Muck-jnry [muok'-jiwril " A
jui-y a&tembled on the suoject of
public nuisance." ITh. GL In
Mid-Yorks., this sober, restricted
6en.sc is not nsuaL The Towel
in the verb mock (and other simi-
lar words; L< in character amongst
dialect-speakers as [no]. But it
is not quite so full a sound as
what is commonly given to «w
Muckment [mnokment, (and)
mint], trash of any kind. Wh,
01. ; g»?n. It is also applied op-
probriously to persons.
Mnck-xnidden [muok'-midin],
** The manure-heap, or dust-
hole." H7>. GL ; gen.
Mud [muod*], pret. might Wh.
(Jl. ; gen.
Muggy [muog*i], adj. a weather-
term. Damp and cloudy. Wh,
01. ; gen. In Mid-Yorks., any-
thing damp and mouldy is spoken
of by the tei*m.
Hnll [m:uo'l], sK and y. a. the
fine dry mould of any decayed
substance ; gen.
Mullock [muol'uk], y. a. to im-
pair bv attrition; to soil; Mid.
' ]My clothes are as good as new
yet ; they are none (not) mu/-
locktd a bit' [Maa* tli'hz iz"
uz* gi'h'd uz* nih' yit* ; dhur*
ne'h'n muol*ukt u bit*].
Mummacks [muom'uks]. Any
object which, through defective
management, is associated with
failure, has been * made a mwm-
macks of* [mi'h'd u muom'uks
aon*] ; Mid The term is one
which may bo widely applied;
from the state of the household-
pudding, which has been in the
pan too long, to the state of
affairs in connection with matters
of a more generally conceded im-
port.
Mump [muomp*], y. a. to strike
U1D-Y0RK3U1RU ULOsJSAItV.
87
the hce-with the closed fiat Wh.
01. ; gen. Th« nearer the blow
is to the mouth, the more ap-
plicable the tenn. The QlBttary
ftdda the meaning ' to chew.'
In this sense, too, the t«nn is
current throughout the coun^,
implying great action in the
lower part of the mouth. A
toothleee person mvmps his food.
When a child is bid to 'mump
up,' or eat up anything, this
must be done quickly, and no
noise made, so the lips are cloned
in mastication. Hump, sb. also,
a blow on the moutli, or near to it.
Kamp [iDDomp-], V. n. to sulk,
det«rmLiiedly ; gen. ' One knows
their meaning by their manijiiiig '
. [Yoan-nao-b-z(or[konz-]Jdhur-
mi-h'nin hi dhur* muom'pin].
Hamper [muompiir], a very
Bmall sweet apple, of the codling
kind; Mid.
Miin[niuon'], T.n. must Hnniiot
[muon-ut], must not. Wh. Ul ;
geu. See Houn
Knige [niuonj]. V. a. and r. n.
to chew eagerly, or munch. Wh,
Oi. ; gen. A person is said to
mi(nje,too, who murmurs surlily,
in an inarticulate manner.
Koiue [muona-], sb. and v. n.
teasing talk ; ' chaif ; ' Mid.
Knnt [muont], v. a. auJ an oc-
casional sb. to hint, or 6i)g!>est,
in a coarse manner, indicating
what is meant rather more by
action of the mouth than by direct
speech 1 Mid. See aUut.
Kont'e [muon'tu], vb. and pron.
must thou; gen. This agglomer-
ation of the verb and pronoun
iu the second person singular is
a common form, as may be ex-
ampledadditionallyini/nrft-fAoii
[daa-stu], ran-thoa [ruou'stu]
fimperatiTO}, (oot-fAou Jli-h'k»tu]
(inteij.), woald-thoit [waadtu],
tet-thou raidh'u] (intcij.). ahaU-
thou [saaJ'tu], -wilt-thoa [wil'tu,
wit'u], coma-thoa [kuomz'tu],
knoiri-ihou [□aoh''ztu], ttfat-lhoa
[Bcez'tu, (and) sri'h'z tu]. tay»-
Ihoii [m"K-tu], goest-lhou [gaanif-
tu]. All theiio forms are heard
in rural dialect, and many more
might bo addod. ThoyarooquaUy
a feature of town dialect.
Hnrderfol [maordufuol], adj.
murderous ; gen.
Unrk [inu'k], adj. and sb. dark ;
fi'li. Gl.: gen. MurkinB[mukinzl,
uiKhtfull; Mid. Murk7|;mu-ki],
adj. i.s in general use, with the r
often heard.
Uarl [muorl', muol', m«l], v. im-
pers. to crumble, in a dry or de-
cayed vtate. }i'li.O!.;gea. Also,
a luhil'inlice, with one of the
two lirst pronunciutioua. See
Uurlder.
Mnrlder [m:uo-l,rur, mu-ld'ur],
sb. is unpd with the same mean-
ing as Murl, which see ; gi>n.
Mush [miiosh-], sb., V, a., and v. n.
a powdery, or pulverised state ;
Wh. 01. ; gen. Xushy, adj.
See Bre'kly.
Hysenwaida [mi.'jen-udz], adv.
towards myself ; Mid. The « is,
at times, omitted, but usually
added. ' Whenever I make a
mistake it's to mysenxL-ardi'
rWenivuraa' maaka'u mistaak'
its' tu miflon-u(l7.].
HysongI [maa- -saang-!] interj.
The mother's phrase 'My word!'
Bn<;s<>sts itself ns the counterpart
Nack [naak-], a word for pj<i, but
usually restricted to conTersntion
with cliililron ; gon. A nacky,
or nacky-pigTt is a sucking-pig.
Hack-reel [iiaak--rco-I], an ad-
junct of the Bpinning-whe(J ;
being a wooden wheel -like reel
which, in su|)]>lyi«g the spinner
with yarn, narkt, or makes a
clicking kind of kuock, whon a
certain length has been unwound,
88
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
thus enabling the operator, with
a glance at a dial acted upon, to
ascertain the quantity of material
used. Mil, 01. ; gen.
Hacks [naaks*], a game in which
pegs of wood play a similar part
to the well-known object * Aunt
Sally;' Mid.
Vaff [naaf]^ nave, as applied to
a wheel. Also, the navel. Wh,
01. : gen.
Haffhead [naaf-i-h'd], a dolt.
}Vh, 01. ; gen.
Vaffle [naaf'u'l], v. n. to trifle.
Wh. Gl. ; Mid.
Haffy [naaf*il ; or Hiffy-nafiy
[nif'i - naaf -ij, a soft - headed
person; gen. A niffy-naffy is
one given to fu8«y little actions ;
going * niffy-naffyinif^ about on
formal little errands, which have
no consequence. The Wh. GL
has 'niffy-iKiffy^ adj. in which
sense the tenn is also occasion-
ally heard generally.
Hag [naag*], v. a., v. n., and sb.
to make a tiresome use of the
tongue in upbraiding — to gnaw,
employing the word as a figure ;
gen. *A(/^, Tiagy nag, thou'd
nag abody's guts out I ' [Naag*,
naag*, naag*, dhoo'd naag*
ubaod*i2 guots* oot*], as an im-
polished phrase runs. Nag, also,
to gnaw. ' * Give f dog a bone
to nag* [Gi t dog* u be'hn tu
naag].
Hagger [naagur], v. a. and v. n.
to complain incessantly, in a
worrying tone ; gen.
Nance [Xaans-1; or Nan [Naan*],
Ann ; fj^en. If the person is old,
[Nuan'i] is employed.
Hap [naap*], v. a. and sb. to
strike the head sharply, but not
violently, with a stick, or the
knuckles. A nodding person is
n a piped to keep him awake, and
a child for misbehaviour; gen.
See Naup.
Happy [iiaapi], adj. testy. Wk
Gl. ; gen.
Hatch [naach*], a peg, formed in
connection with solid wood, and
not cut away ; Mid.
Hatter [naat-'ur], v. n. to make
incessant, fret^ complaint —
being quick to wound and care-
leas to argue. Wh, Gl. part,
and adj. ; gen. to the county.
Hattle [naatni'l], a gland or
kernel m the &t of meat. Wh,
Gl. ; Mid.
Hattle [naat*u11, v. n. and v. a.
to gnaw, nibble, or make a
similar noise, with * a light rat-
tling sound.* Wh. Gl.; gen.
Also, substantively.
Hanp fnao-p, nsoh*'p], v. a. usu-
ally the term for a knock on the
head with the end of a stick.
Kauping, a cudgelling. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. The last pronuncia-
tion (expressed in the Wh. OL
by *norpM, is, in this case,
consider^ by speakers the vul-
gar one. Naup is also a much-
employed substantive. An ad^
fective is formed from the word,
in naupy rnao*h'pi]. 'If thou
gets a stick in thy hand thou 's
never long before thou *s naupy
with it' Uf* dhuo gits* u stik*
i dhi aana* dhuoz* nivu laang'
ufuoh*' dhuoz* naoh*'pi wit'J,
never long before you incline
to use it. In the pronoun of
the first person it is, at times,
as in this sentence, impossible
to write the usual vowel [oo].
The English oi/, in such cases,
and the u as in cut are identical
in sound dialectally — the pro-
noun and the verb indicated
being sounded [dhuo] and [knot*]
respectively. See Nap.
Hawn [nao*li*n], adj. own; gen.
An occasional form. * Thou own
baini o' mine!' [Dhoo* •nao'h'n
•be'h'n u maa*n !j In some sen-
tences, it would seem as if an
initial vowel merely robbed the
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
89
preceding word of an ending
consonant, as in, ^Tliou's my
nawn baim;* *Thou's a nawn
pet' (and such must have been
the origin of the form"). The
former sentence might oe read
Thau*8 mine own hairuy but the
consequent pronunciation of mine
[maayn*] would be a remarkable
peculiarity in existing dialect
speech, and quite inadmissible
in any other similarly homely
phrase. In relation to standard
Knglish, the form mine would of
course now be a peculiarity,
though it would once have been
correct.
Hay [ne*, ne-li', ni'h'J, adv. and
adj. no, nay. Wh, GL ; gen.
The two first forms are the more
refined ones, but are most general
in use. The [h*] is acquii*ed be-
fore a consonant. With refer-
ence to the last form, there is
this peculiarity in association —
that it never gives way to its
own simple vowel-sound. ^Vhen
a following vowel occurs, then,
instead of losing its final element
and becoming [Jii*]» ^^^ vowel
changes to [e*J. This is abund-
antly shown in glossaries, and
by dialect- writers, who have in-
variably two wavs each of spell-
ing nay when the vowel is [e],
and but one when it is [i]. There
may be observed different ways
of mdicating this form, as wfa,
neea, neah, neeah, neat/y neaya,
and other spellings, but it will be
observed that the aim is always to
reproduce something in excess
of a simple vowel- sound. A yet
more reiined form of the negative
(as employed by tradespeople,
and others) is [uao*], a foim un-
affected by position.
Nay-say [ne*h*-se-h'], a refusal.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Hazz*d [naazd-], past part, con-
fused through liquor — "slightly
drunk — *A little in the sun.'"
Nazzy, adj. stupefied thiough
drink. ^Vh, Gl. ; gen. *A bit
nazzy * is the phrase employed to
express the meaning attached to
the participle.
Neabour [nih*bur], the pronun-
ciation of neighbour; gen. In
these words of final ur the u is
practically [uo], but in unusu-
ally short character.
Heap [nih'p], the nave of a wheel;
Mid. Also, a three-legged rest,
constructed of natural branches,
and used to support the shaft of
a vehicle. See Nape in E. D. S.
Glos. B. 15, p. 57.
Hear. See Innear.
Hoarder [nih*d'ur], adj. com-
parative of w^ar; gen. Nearther
[ni*h*dhur] is also used. The
superlative has several forms:
Keardest fni'h'd'ist], Nearder-
est [ni'h'aurist], Kearther-
est [ni'h'dhurist], Nearthest
[ni'h*dhist]. When contact in
person is implied, then the super-
latives are: Nearmost [ni'h'-
Keardermost [ni'h'd'u-
, Nearthermost [ni'h'dhu-
must
must
must"
Hearlings [ni-h'linz], adv. nearly.
And so in other words the ad-
verbial termination is identical.
Owerlings [aowulinz], over ;
partlings [peh'tlinz], partly;
ratherlings J^re'h'd'uCnz] (also,
singularly", with the short vowel
rrih'*d'uhnz]), rather; better-
lings, bettor ([Its* twi'h' i*h'z
un* bet''ulinz], It 's two years
and better).
Hcarpoints [nih'p:aoynts], adv.
a term indicative of extreme
nearness; Mid. In the matter
of a bargain, two persons will
come to * nearpoinU about it,' to
the point at which the bargain
was nearest being struck. * How
far is it from here ? * * Why, I
reckon of it nearpoinfs a mile*
[Oofaa-riz-it- fraerVr? Wa'y'h',
Aa* rik'unz on* it* m*h'p:ao3rnts
u maa*l]. * The place was near-
90
MID-YORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
points full ' [T pli-h's wur- nih*-
p:aoynts fuo'l].
Heave [ni-hV] ; or Heaf [nih'f],
the fist. jr/i. Gl.; gen. The
first form receives the plural sign
exclusively. Neave-ml [ni'h'v-
fuol]; or Neaf-ful [ni'V-fuol
(and frequently) ni'h*f - fuol],
handful. Wh. GL ; gen.
Hcazle [ni'h'zu'l], v. n. to produce
that represjjibfe half- whistling
undercurrent of noise wliich
attends the act of sneezing; Mid.
Heb [neb*, nib'], a bill, or beak.
Apjuied, also, to the nose. Wh.
GL ; gen. Also, to the front or
extending part of a cap, hat, or
bonnet.
Heckabout [nek'uboot] ; or
Keckinger [nek'inju], a nock-
handkerchief. Wh. GL The first
term is general ; the last a Mid-
Yorks. Other names belonging
to this locality are [nekaang*-
kuochu] and [nekaang'kichu],
the last being refined. A com-
mon kind of neckei-chief is usu-
ally awarded the name of ' nock-
clout* [nek'-tloot].
Heed [nih'd], adv. needs ; Mid.
* Ilf> must nttd go ' [I muon*
m-h*d gaang*].
Heese [niz], sb. and v. a noose ;
gen.
Heest [ni'st] ; or He'st [nili'st],
adj. and adv. next. Ir/i. GL ;
gen.
Hep [nep*], a small remaining
part; gen. Lit a wi/), a pinch.
* There isn't a nep left' [Dhur*
iz'u'nt u nep* left*]. Also nap-
ping [nep -in]. See Nip.
Hep [nep]; or Hipe fna'yp-],
V. a. •• To crop with the teeth
and lips, as sick cattle which
pick a little hay from the hand.**
H'A. Cr/.; gen. Also freely used
of persons, as those who, in ill-
ness, do little more than ta^te
their food. The first form is
employed suhtitantively in each
case. See Hip.
Heps [neps'J, a kind of ehears
employed m * lookin,' or weed-
ing the corn-fields. Lit. wip«,
or nippers,
Henk [niwk-l, nook; a comer,
of any kind. * T' tieu^-shop *
[T niwk'-shop'l, the comer-shop.
'T* poke-well^•' lT puoh-'k-niwk'J,
the corner of thepoke, or bag.
Wh. GL ; gen. This is a mucn
hoard but not the charactcristio
pronunciation, which is [nih'Tt].
These forms can only be written
with a short vowel hesitatingly.
The vowel is, in each case, fre-
quently heard long, and perhaps
quite as often with a medial
sound as a short one. It may
also be noted, that in such wonu
as * shop ' one almost slips into
writing Luo] for the vowel. On
the part of speakers there is a
constant tendency to this sound
when o occurs between con-
sonants ; and, in many words, as
in bonnet [buonit], the change
is absolute and unvairing on the
part of tliose who adhere to the
dialect. In refined dialect the
vowel changes to [ul, as in
sorrow [sur'uj, fork [fu't], morn
[mu'n], /</r/or« [fidu*n]. There
18 this change, too, with the
diphthong on, as in mourn [muTi].
In making these remarks one can-
not avoid mdulging in repetition,
but the notes may be allowed to
stand because the tendency and
actual change indicated affects
the dialect remarkably, and yet
has never met with the slightest
recognition.
Heukin [niwk*in]. A nrukin
proper is well explained in the
Wh. GL :— *' The comer on both
sides the fire - j»lace in old-
fashioned country' houses, where
the fire is kindled on the hearth,
and a bawk or beam for the
mantel-piece overarches it the en-
tiro width of the room. Within
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
91
this expannTS i
SB, a Beat of
on both handa ; " gen.
this onsngement intact jet in
many houaes, tar and wide, and
there are faw old tenomenta with-
out some modification of it in
one OT another apartment. But
whether semblance remains or
doaa not remain, a ' langi>ett;le '
[laang'setu'lj and the chimnej-
cotner constitute ample material
for enBuring at least the naioo of
neuMi) for every fire-Hide, There
mar be an improved fire-grate
and an oven in the way, nith
the domain of the eottio usuiped
hy a chair, and yet theic will be
the neukin and a place uf honour
left.
Vever heed [nivur eod, ueer-
ee'd, (also, in each case) ih''d],
V. a. and v. n, Wli. Gl. ; gen.
to the county. The forms are
about equally in use. The ex-
flanatory phrase [nivur (or
iieer'j) mau'nd] is aa much in
leW [nev-il, niv-il, (and occn-
rionnny) n:ih'vil, nih-'vil], v. a.
to beat with the fiut llVi. Ut.
past and pres. parta. ; gen. See
VflWny-day [niwu'ri-di'h'], the
famihar dcsu;nation of 2^ew-
Tear'i day ; ifid.
lib [nib-], V. 0., v. n., and sb.
to nibble ; Mid.
lick [nik-], an open crack of
any kind ; gen. ' My hands are
nickfd with the frost ' [Maa-
aanz' ur' nikt' wiv t fniost-],
cracked, or chapped with the
Iick«T [nik'ur], v. n. and sb. to
neigh ; Mid. If'A. Gl. prcs, part.
lifle [n:aa-fu'11, v. n. to trifle ;
Mid. ITA. Gl. pres. part.
Hiffgle [nig'u'l] ; or Haggle
[nag-u'l], V. n. tohafcglo. 'Don't
go and let him nii/gle and nu'j'jh
it away from thoo' [I>eh''nt gae
un' lit' im' nigu'l iin- nuag'u'I
t uwi-h' froh' dhuj. Niggler
[nig'lur], and occasionally na^
pier [naag'iur], are employed
tuMaulivdy for hni/gler. 'fhe
ITA. 01. has niggling [uig-lin],
pres. part ; Mid.
Nildernalder [ml'd'un!L.il d'u],
V. n. to pace oloug idlr, allowing
the attention to be divoi-tod at
random ; Mid. Wh, Gl. prea.
ITim [nim'l, v. n. and ailj. to pace
along quickly, with a liglit step ;
Mid. il'h. 01. pros. (ku-L aud
ailj. In Mid-Yorks. the piirti-
ciple is not miKh re^rttHl to.
A speaker would, as a rule, in
this cane, prefer chauging the
antecedont verb so that a princi-
pal one might have play, and
instead of saying, ' The old lady
goes iiiiiiiiiinij uIo:ig ' ( II'A. Gl.),
would say, ' The old lady ilofa
film along' [T aoh''d li'h'di 'diz'
nim' ulaong-j.
Him [nim-], v. a. to pick up
hastily, or snatch ; to fical, with
a (juipk movement; Mid, Wit.
Gl. pros, part., associated with
tip, which, m Mid-Yorks. dialect,
is not a necessary adjunct.
Ninny [nini], v. n, and ab. to
whinny ; Mid-
Nip [nip', nnep' (ref.)], v. a., v. n.,
and sb. to pinch; gen. See Kep.
Nippin [nip-in], a aradi nugget ;
Nidd.
Nip-raisin [nip--re-]i'zin], a Rtingy
salesman; one who is barelyjust
towards the buyor. IHt. Gl. ;
gen. Nip -cum [nip'~kaon1,
nip-cnmint, is also employed.
In this word tho t is frcjueutly
trilled; but on occasions is as
distinctly without the lettur.
For nip, split [splet-] is nub-
stitiited, at times, to express a
like meaning.
Nip-screed [nip'-skrce-il] ; or
92
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Nipskin [nip'-skin], a niggard.
Wh, Ql, The first (lit. a nip-
shred) is a general term ; the
last a Mid-Yorks. With refer-
ence to this term the }Vh. GL
explains: "One who infringes
on another's dues or borders, as
the term screed implies ; one who
* cuts beyond the edge of his own
cloth.*" Another signification
may be added. A screech is usually
not intended to be of a width
which may be * screeded * again, to
be made out * a band ' of, as a
country speaker would say ; but
this is an operation which, cir-
cumstances allowing, may be
supposed to engage the thoughts
of anfp-Bcreed. Nipper [nip'ur]
is also in use generally, with a
similar meaning.
Hit [nit] ; or Hut [nuot], adv.
not ; gen. The last form is
general to the county.
Hither [nidh'ur], v. a. to starve
to trembling, with cold ; gen. * I
am nithered with cold * [Aa'z
nidh'ud wi kao'h'd]. Nether
[ncdh'ur] is also an occasional
pronimciation. Wh, GL past and
pres. parts.
Hitter [nit'*u], v. n. to titter;
Mid.
Hizzle-toppin [niz*u'l-topin], an
actively - inclined, but weak -
minded person ; Mid.
Hobbut Sec Honght but.
Hodder [nod-*ur], v. n. to be in a
visible state of tremor, from the
head downwards. Tf 7*. Gl. ; gen.
Hoddle [nod'u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to nod, with a quick convulsive
motion. Wh. GJ,; gen. Used,
also, eubstantively, for the head.
Noddy [nodi] ; or Anoddy
[unod'i], adj. alone; Mid. *I
looked in as I was going by, and
found him anoddy ' [Aa* li'h'kd
in* uz* Aa* wur* gaan*in baa*,
un* faand' im* unodi]. The
cabin of a certain old country
dame went by the name of ' Nod-
dycob Hall ; ' the walls being
built of time-rounded stones,
known as ' cobbles,' and ' cobs,'
^ and the situation of the dwelling
a lonely one.
Hodliug [nod'lin], applied to one
in a chronic state of absent-
mindedness; Mid.
Hoggin [nog'in], a small vessel,
which is also used as a quarter
of a pint measure. Wh. GL ;
gen. to the county.
Hointed [naoyu'tid], pp!*ordainedy
destined. fTh. Gl ; Mid.
Hokkin [nok-in], a nugget of
solid ore ; Nidd.
Hoppy [nop'i], adj. tipsy; gen.
Hotage [nuo'h'tijiy v. a. and sU
notice. Wh. Gl. Many other
Mid-Yorks. people indulge in
this pronunciation.
notified [nuo*li'tifaa"d ^and often
long)], pp. noted, or known by
reputation. Wh, GL; Mid.
Hotoxnise [not'umiaayz] ; or Ho-
tomy [not'umi], i e. aw anatomy^
a skeleton. The first is the Mid-
Yorks. form, and both forms are
heard in Nidderdale.
Hought but [naob'ut, nuob'ut],
adv. only. Wh. GL; gen. The
final letter interchanges with d,
Houghtpenny [naowt-peni], adj.
ai>i)lied to anything done, or to
bo done, for which there will be
no pay. ]Vh. GL; gen.
Hows and thans [noo*z nn
dhaanz'], now and then; at odd
times. Wh. GL; Mid. * He
comes at notaa and thans * [I
kuomz* ut* noo'z un* dhaanz'J.
* I see him itaivs and thans * [Aa*
see*z im* noo'z un* dhaanz*].
The [aa] of the last word is a
peculiarity in the dialect, the
characteristic vowel-change in
such words as then being to [i].
Howt [naowt], sb. and adj.
UID-TORKSHIBE GLOSSARY.
nofhing, |
DDDgbt, natigM. or
Wh. Oh; gen. Thia
tion is ao conetautly and so
geaerollf heard, even in locali-
ties where there are opposite
dialect usages, that the truly
characteriatio form is apt to he
lost eiKht of. In Mid- Yorkshire
a Hpeaker employs [naowt-] in-
cessantly, butgiveewaj to [neh''t]
at intervals, and when thia fonn
IB used that would be a dull in-
stinct which, contacting with
the sound, did not at once
associate it with the genius of
the dialect. Among the miners
of Nidderdale a sound is curreat
which is slight and fugitive in
character, difficult to denote,
and, as an apparently anomalous
formation, almost inllingly for-
^tten. It is as if in pronounc-
ing this word nowt Uie mouth
■was opened for [aa] with tho
result of [aowI, ehort (usually]
inhothcoses. With some speakere
it is an accidental sound, and,
unless one is in the habit of try-
ing to account for everything
that is heard, may easily escape
recognition. Yet it is in clear
consonance with the regularities
and vocalperfectioaB of the local
dialect ElBewhere, where geo-
grB'Phical position is favourable
to Uke fuller development of this
midway between York and the
coast), it becomes [aa-] simply
and fully.
Sowt [naowt-1 ; .wHSat [n:i'h't],
used of cattle, in the smgular ;
the plural taking «. Tho firHt
form IB most employed. ' I went
to a dniKgist's while I was in
York, and got some nmf foot-oil '
[Aa* wint' tiv u d'mogistuz
waai Aa waar* i Ynrk', un'
gaat' Buom- naowt'f:ih't-ao-yl].
VovtheT[naow-dbur]; or Nowder
[naowd'url: orNoatherrnuo-h'-
dhurl; or Noader [nuo-h'd'ur] ;
or Hi'ther [no'h^dhur] ; or
Wa'der [ne'h'd'ur] ; or N^ather
tui'h'dhur];orN^aderrni-h'd'url
employed conjunctively, or aa
suhii tan lives of conveuience.
Neither. These various forms
are general. Young people em-
ploy [neh'dhur] and [ne-h'd'ur];
and the two last of the list an>
the refined forms. Old people
usually ahide by the two fint,
hut frequently use the two fol-
lowing, [nuo'h'dhur, nuo-h'd'nr].
Usually this vowel [uo] may bo
quite distinguished, but when
short, and quickly spoken, it is
extremely difficult to distinguish
from [ao]. The [uo-] form, dis-
BBsociatud from the dental d, is
much more heard southward, in
company vrith [ao-], and, very
occasionally, [a»>] ; the last pre-
vailing duly south, and the
former south - west, and west-
ward from Leeds. These forms
are, in town dialect, refined hy
(in [nuo'h'dhur] e. g.) the ab-
sence of the [h'] and a change in
the Towol-souad to ["a'] ; and
(in [nao'h'dhur] e.g.) by a dis-
missal of the final element of the
Towel alone.
Nub [nuob'l, v. a. and sb. to
nudge; Mid.
Hnm'le [nuom-u'I], v. a. benumb;
Mid. 'My fingers is fair (are
?uite) nun^Ied ' [Maa- finggniz iz"
>-h' nuom-u'Id].
Nunc [nuonk-j, uncle ; Hid.
Nnnacape [nuonskup (and)
skih''p]; or Anunacape [unuon'
(and) unun-Bkup (and) skih-'p].
To he anutiKapt is to be in a
fidgety, uneasy state ; gen. An
alarming occurrence in a locality
where relatives dwell will 'set'
a person ' nil o' t' nunioipt' to ^
there, to be certain about their
welfare. Or, having Ettle time
in which to catch a train, a
94
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
pcnon will be on the nun scape
to be off. *Our lad's anun-
scape about going to the fair'
[Oor* laadz' uniion'skup uboot*
gaang'in tu t fe*h*r]. [See An-
onsker in Atkinson's Cleveland
Glossary. Lit., it means *on
the wish,' i. e. very eager or
denirous about a thine: ; of. Dan.
oueke, to wish. — W. W. S.]
Hnnshon [nuon'shun], luncheon ;
Mid.
Hnnty rnuon'ti],adj. stiff; formal;
Mid.
0* [o] and [ao], prep. On, in
the sense of of; gen. In this
character o* has a free idiomatic
use, separating verb and pronoun.
* Winnot (will not) thou let t'
baby cuddle (embrace) o' thee ? '
[AVin-ut tu lit* t' baab'i 'kuodni'l
ao dhu ?] * What took (caused)
him to go ? ' * lie went on him-
self — because the fit took him
[Waat* ti'h'k im* tu gaang* ? I
wint* o izsen*].
Obstracklous [obst'raak'lus], a^j.
used of one who is of wavward,
masterful habits; Mid. * lie's
obstracklous past biding (bide,
V. a. to endure) ; he 'd do with a
good hazeUng now and then '
[Eez* obst'raak'lus paast* baa*d-
in; id* dih' wi u gi'h'd ez'ling
noo* un* dhin']. [Compare oh-
stropolouSf a common corruption
of obstreperous, — W. W. S.]
Odd-house [od-- (and) uod'-oo'sl.
A single dwelling, amid-laud,
always gets this name; gen.
In some localities, the word is
almost synonjTiious with farm-
house ; dwellings of this character
usually outljing the villages.
Odling [odlin], remainder, — usu-
ally applied to animals; Mid.
* Two oiUings of lambs ' [Tw:e'
od'linz u liiamz'].
Od-rabit! [aod-, aod*-, aoh'd-,
(and) od'-raabit] ; or Od-rabit-
lit I [ao'd-, aod*-, aoh*'d-, (and)
od*-raal)*it-lit],imprecatory forms,
amounting to a good mouthful
each, and a}>t to be a little spleen-
ish at times, but nothing mord ;
gen. The last form ( \Vh, 01.) is
employed in such a phrase as,
* Od-rahit-Ut o' t' like ! ' TAoh-'d-
•raabit-'lit* ut* laa*k]. But here
it happens that the hnal word of
the form has a stress upon it,
which is not usual. The first
form is necessarily followed by a
pronoun.
Od-rot ! [ao'd-, aod*-, aoh'd-, (and^
od* - rot*, raot', r:i*h't, (and;
ruoh''t]; or Od- rut! [ao*d-, aod*-,
aoh*'d-, (and) od*-ruot*] : or Od-
rat ! [ao'd-, aod*-, aoh*'a-, (and)
od*-raat*]; or Drat! [d'raat*];
or Dr^t I [d'r:i-h't] ; or Brot I
[d'rot, d'raot*, d'ruoh*'tl ; or
Drut! [d'ruot*, d'ruoh*'tj, im-
precatory forms in common use,
but which carry no meaning;
gen.
Ods-art! [ao'd, aod*-, aoh*'d-, (and)
od*z-aa*t], inteij. an exclama-
tion of surprise, wonderment, or
alarm. Wh. 61.; Mid. The
vowel of ther last part of the
word also interchanges with
[eh'-].
Odz-ounds ! [aod-, aod*-, aoh*'d-,
(and) od'z-oonz*], a petty oath,
employed in mock anger. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Of [of*, uof*], offspring. Wh.
Gl. ; gen. * Is this little one one
of the off too, then ? * [Iz* *dhirt*
Ittu'l un* yaan* ut* of 'ti'h',
dhin'?] In tiiis sentence, the term
is used for children^ familiarly.
In each sense it is heard in the
Leeds district, too, with some
frequency.
Off [of*, uof*], prep, associated
with on it (of it), in an idiomatic
phnise, to denote a retrogarde
stage of illness. Wh. GL ; gen.
* lie had bo^un to pick up a bit,
bv.t to-day he 's off on 't again '
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
9j
[Id* biguon' tu pik* nop* u bit*,
but* tu-de* iz* uof* ont* ugili'n].
Q&l [of'u'l, uof-ul], sb. and adj.
used of a worthless, ill-disposi-
tioned person; also of a tho-
roughly idle one; gen. Offkly
is ^so employed both adverbi-
ally ( Wh. 01,) and adjectiyally.
*He*d a nasty good-to-nothing
(good-for-nothing) offal y look
with him' [Eed* u naas'ti gih*'d-
tu-naowt uof'u'li li*h*k wi iiii*].
Offer [aof'ur], v. a. and sb. occa-
sionally heard in the senses of
surrender J and sacrifice; Mid.
One juvenile will say to auother,
in hiding from parent* because
of a misdeed, * Go and offer thy-
self before thou's made (com-
polled) ' [Gaan* un* aofur dnisen*
Tifuoh*'r dhuoz* mi'hM], * It 's
a great offer to make for that
mends (amends)' [Its* u gri'h't
aof'urtumaak'fu •dhaat'menz*],
a great saciiiice to make for so
poor a return.
Off-start [aof '-ste^h't], commence-
ment. The word is used in re-
spect of action only. A book
* Degins' by off-starting with its
preface; gen.
Olden [aoii'dun], v. n. and v. a.
to age. Wh. GL ; gen.
Onnykin [aonikinz], adj. and
noun-adj. any kind ; gen. This
form is emplovoil, but s is usu-
ally added. [In Early English,
the true Northern form is anikiv.
We also find any kiimes, and
even anys h'nnes, — ^W. W. S.]
Onnymak [aonimaak], adj. and
noun-adj. any shape, form, sort,
or kind ; gen. The plural takes s.
Orf [ao'h'f], applied to a running
sore on cattle. Wh, GL ; Mid.
See Hurt
Othergates [uodh-ugi*h*t.*^], adv.
otherwise ; in another manner ;
by another way, literally or
figuratively. Wh, GL ; Mid.
OtherBome [uodh'usum], adj.
other. Wli, GL ; Mid. Tlie
term is employed variously, but
restrictedly, as noting something
besides, or, as opposed to some.
It is also in occasional use ellip-
tically for other thing,
Ouse [ooz*, aow'z], v. a. to bale,
or pour out, in large measui'e.
11 7t. GL ; gen.
Onsen [aowzun] ; or Owsen
[aawz'un] ; or Oosen [ooz* an],
sb. pi. oxen. The two first forms
are occasionally heard in Nid-
derdale, but the last form is the
usual one, and is general. Ous-
harrows [aowz-aar*'uz], a large
kind of hanow, used for break-
ing the clods when the * fur * has
been turned back, after a field has
been fallow a season. Oua [ooz*],
sing, is emploved in Mid-Yorks.,
but is only ieard at intervals,
though, in the case of individ-
uals, habitually.
Ont o' f head [oot- ut yi-h'd],
adj. the customary equivalent
for insane ; gen.
Onten [oot'u'n], adv. in occa-
sional use for out^ meaning with-
out, or not at home ; Mi(L The
phrase *outen door'[oot*u'n di*h*r]
tiikes the place of out-of-doors,
Onten [oot'u'n], has the sense of
out, or outer one, and is possibly a
contraction of the last form ; gon.
* A load of sheep came withering
down the lane, and one of ours
was among the outens * [U luo'h'd
u shee'p kaam* widh'urin doo-n
t luo'h'n, un* yaan* u oo'h'z
waarumaan^* tootni'nz]. Load
is a colloquialism for a large
number. In broad dialect speech,
the pronunciation is [le*h\i].
Ont-end [oot--ind*], an outshot ;
an outlet of any kmd. Wh, GL ;
gen.
Ont-gate [oot*-gih't, (and) ^eb't],
an outlet, or a short pathway,
more or less enclosed, leading
outwards from any defined place.
w
MID-TOEKSHIRE GL-jSSAKT-
in.. 0*?. : Mil See its op^ist-?
Ontlj '■'•:: li", air. iLvrr.-izlilv.
WK. >;■.; Mil *ri^t 'trzih
Icdrr* ir» tlir bazid 'rei=.a:r.y in
Ljiiid & i0i:2' tine. Lt**, =•> ve 'il
look for sosLeth'!'^ g hrfiz.^ o*ffl%-
"weil done vh*^ it leav** it*
^I»haaf bmoirh* baa'dz if aarid*
u liaiiff- tSbSi-in^ laav. h?1i iril*
li'h'k ^J STioni-iit l*iii* vee'l dd'h'n
wiii- it- li'h'vz if].
Ontmense ['>.*: m^ns], v. a. to ex-
ceed, in relation to manners, or
beooiuingn<ri» of kabit ; g^n.
Ontray [crotre-h'], t. a. to out-
shine ; Mid.
Ontipend [ootspind], v. a. to
exhaust ; gen.
Ont-thmst [oof-thrnoat]. sb. and
V. a. a projection ; to project ; to
thru-st out. ir7i. 67. [fK]; gen.
In Mid-Yorks., the verb is more
tued than the substantive. Out-
thrusten [oot-thruos*u*n] [JTh.
GL) is also the common fonn of
the participle generally.
Ouzel [ooznil], the blackbird ;
gen.
Orerwin [-iio'wh'win*], v. a. to
overcome ; gen.
Ower [aowh'r], v. n. and v. a.
employed elliptically for, to give
over, or cease from; also, im-
peratively, with a like meaning.
m, 07.; Mid. 'It (the rain)
will ower inow' [It* u'l aowh*r
inoo*], will cease by-and-by.
* fJivtr thy hand a bit ! * [Aowli'r
dhi aand' u bit*], stay your hand,
or, hold on a little !
Owerance [aowhVuns], overance,
or jK)wer of control. Wh, Gf. ;
Mid. *IIe*8 no owerance o' i
lad ' [Kez* ne*h* aowh'*nm8 u t*
laad'j.
Ower-beyont [aowh'-biyaon*t,
yuoirt, yuoh''nt], adv. over-
awtiy ; gen.
Owercesten [aowhVkesu'n (and)
k:*-::"::^. v. a. and pi*, orercaist.
ITfc. «^. : g«i^ A verb i» also
rsTPe::! — ^[^aowh'kest''. which in,
at times, deprived <^ its final
ktt-er.
Over'd [aow-h'dj. adj. over, or
jti^t ; g-en- to the oountv. ' It's
all ftrer'd with him ' ^Vs Taal*
aowh'd wi im"j. This is a oom-
mon expression when a person ia
d^ad. Ower 'aowh" is employ-
ed, too. but t&e participial form
is much used.
Owergate [aowh'gih't], a gate-
stile. ITTr. GL ; Mid.
Owermiekle [aowh'mikTil],
over, or too much. Wh. GL; gei
CM Mid- York shire people also
substitute mockle [muok'u*!]
for the last word.
Overmony [aowh'maoni], over,
or. too many. Also, ooUoquiaUv,
with the same rendering, as in
the phrase, 'It was one oicvr-
mony for him' [It* wiir yaan*
aow*h*maon'i fur* im*]. The last
[ao] interchanges with [uo].
Owemice [aowh*naa*8], adj. 'over/
or, too mce. Wh. GL; gen.
Owenet [aow-h'sit- (and) set],
V. a. to oviei-task. Oweraetten
[aow'h'sit'u'n (and) set'u'n], pp.
}Vh, GL (pp.); gen. The verb
is very common ; and the parti-
cipial form is also <*mployed for
it (apart from the infinitive mood)
occasionally.
Owerwelt [aowh'welt*], v. a. and
sb. to overturn comidetely. Wli,
GL (pp. and sb.) ; gen. To over-
turn in a backward direction is
to rigr^elt [rie'welt] ; [from n*^,
the back; welt being the A.S.
wceltaUf to roll, tumble, cognate
with O. ivalzen, whence our waltz,
— W. W. S.] A hid wiU com-
plain to parents that he has been
way-laid by an associate, and
ritjwelted, — laid on his back, at
unawares, or as the result of a
tussle. And so a sheep is said
MID-TOBESHIBE QLOSSABT.
97
to be rtgweUed when ovortumcd,
and imsiDle to rise, from its weight
of wool. Welt IB also employed
"with what may appear to be a
fiimilarily of meaning to that of
owerwelty but there is the differ-
ence attaching to the latter form,
that it impHes a completeness iu
regard to the action indicated.
A cart is welted, or uptnmod, in
order to discharge its load ; but it
is only averwelted when entirely
oy^rtiumed for repairs, or by an
act of mischief. Yet again, there
are ways of employing the simple
word so as to convey quite the
sense of the compound, as in the
phrase, * Welt it ower,' or * clean
ower • [Welt- it- tli'h'n aowh'].
Oxter [oks-t'ur], the armpit. Wh,
GL ; gen.
Packman [paak-maan], a pedlar.
Wh. GL ; gen.
Packrag-day [paak'raag-di - -h'] .
The day after Martinmas-day is
flo called, familiarly ; being the
day when servants who are about
to change places pack up and
leave. iMi, GL; gen.
Pad [paad-], a frog ; gen.
Padding-can [paadin-kaan], a
common lodgmg - house ; mid.
In the Leeds dialect, ken [ken*]
is used vulgarly of any dwelling
or locality ; but it is most usual
to associate the term with any-
thing disreputable, or mean. A
pig-sty, is * t* pig-ken ; * a dog-
Kennel, *f dog-ken,* and so on.
[^Ken is the usual cant term for
a house; common in London.
It is a gipsy word, viz. the
Eastern Ma/i.— W. W. S.]
Paddynoddy [paadinodi], an ac-
coimt, or narration at length.
Wh, 01. ; gen. At times, short-
ened to paddy,
Paddywatch [paad-iwaach] ; or
Paddy fpaad-i], an almanac;
3£id.
Pag [paagg*], v. n. to toil, fami-
liarly; Mid. *What, pagging
at it yet I' [Waat-, paagg'in
aat- it- yut* !] Peg [peggj is
the town form ; but is also used
as a v. a., to hurry,
Paigle [pe-h'gu'l], a cowslip ; ^lid.
Pai'k [pe-h'k], v. a. to beat ; Nidd.
Pairage [p:e*h'rij], equality; Mid.
Pall [pao'h'l], V. a. to puzzle; Mid.
Palm [puo'h'ni], v. a. to climb
straightlv, with such action that
the open hands (and not the arms)
are put to most stress. Wh. OL ;
Mid. A person is said to dimh
[tHm-] a tree ; to awarm [swaa*m]
up a pole, and to swarble
[swaa-bu'l] down again. Palm,
as employed auhstaniivelyy for
the inner part of the hand, is
pronounced in the same way.
Palm is also commonly heard in
relation to the hand itself. * Give
us hold of thy paivm ! ' [Gi uz*
aoh-'d u dhi puo-h'm], give me
hold of thy hand! or, let me
shake hands with you.
Palm-cross-day [puo-h'm-kruos*-
di"h'], a name to denote Palm^
Sunday^ when (and during Pas-
sion - week) crosses, made of
palm-twigs, are displayed about
houses, and are called palm-
crosses, ]VJt, OL ; Mid., where
the custom but lingers in locali-
ties.
Pan [paan-], v. n. to frame.
Wh, OL ; gen. In some cases,
this explanatory word must be
substituted, though as a word
pertaining to the dialect, where
it is employed idiomatically (and
pronounced [fre-h'm]), it is suf-
ficiently expressive. Thus, in
pan till, one of the commonest
expressions on Yorkshire lips,
there is the meaning of the dialect
f ramie to, but the equivalent in
understandable English would
be set to. This is a mild case of
idiom, however, and at a longer
7
H11>*T0RKSH1BE QL03SABT.
stretdi in this diroctioD, when a
Tert) is left to bo understood,
pnn and ' frame ' aeem to hare
atill lofla in comnou. When a
newly-made coat is being in-
spected on the owner's bocc, the
remark will bo mode, that it
Cit well— 'frames to fit well'
ng the dialect equivalent, and
fti mil as the phrase would be
understood in ordinary speech.
A aervaot having ktl an old
place for a new ouo does not pnii
well to it— is inopt, in regurd to
the duties of her new position.
Pan is also employed gubalaii'
linlg, as in thii i»m]>limentary
Benteuco 'Thou 'a hud a faith-
ful jHin at it. my la.-« 1' [Dhnoz-
ihI- u tih-'thfuol paan- aat- it',
maa luaa-], you liavo hod an
honest spoil at it, my girl I
Panner is also in idcuticul and
• fn.i|"ent use. A 'good panner'
is (luu able to set wl>11 to work ;
and, at timos, tho term is used
for Kftrtcr. ' Ho in a good
jiiinnrr-t\i\ when there is work
to do ' fEez" u gih-'d iwan'u-tuol'
■Kin- dhuz- wan-k tu di-h'], is a
good settler-to, &c. — ^wilUng and
able, and going "
about tho work
forrcd to.
Fanch [paatisb], v. n. and ab. to
crush, with suJdon force; Mid.
FuikiiL fiBUinH'kin], a lar^o earth-
enwani vosBt-l. IIA. Of. ; gon. It
is a TCBSel of viirying size, used
for tho household oroad, and the
TariouA roiiuiromcnts of the
Bantry or dairy. There are, toe
le ' water- ii'infciii' [waat''ur
poanckin}, the ' croam-pojittn
fkr;i-n'm-paangkia], &c. A
Irish reaper cult?i the same ar-
ticle a ' pan -crock.'
Fannel [paan-il], a cloth, or pack-
saddle. 117.. Ul.; Mid.
F&iuhoii [poan'shun], a largp
earthoQware resael; Mid. See
Fulooi [paa-lus], ftdj. dangerous,
perflona, Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Pan-llt-oa't I [paa-s-lit'Udiit-], an
impT«catary form, employed witli
some ill-meaning, but not onder-
atood. Wh. m. ; Mid. rM«an-
ing 'a pox light on it; — rery
common in <^^yB. — W. W. 8.]
Full [paash], t. a., v. n., and eh.
Tho it'll. Gl. renders this wotd
by tinath. It is in gi'nerBl use,
and rai«lv apjiroatdkea thid mean-
ing. When it does, the word
tniaih muat bear emphasis, >nd
its corrcHpondeuce beoomee due
in a dt-groe to its adventitiouB
character. The verb to pnih, in
the more recognised sense, bean
Tcforonco not so much to the
action as to the doer of the
action, and the implication of
viol unco resta with the doer.
To path a thing is not neocs-
earily to cause it to break, but
to hurl or dash it violontly, from
a short distance. [For examples,
SCO J'luk in Richardson, &c. —
W. W. S.] To 'path about," is
to rare about ; to ' paah out '
at a door, is to dash out : to
' paih at' a door, is to dash
agidnst it TiulonUy, with tho
Ixidy, or the whole of tho foot ;
to piith upstnirs or down, ie to
stuwp heavily in walking, but
does not necessarily imply rapid
motion. A woman 'puthei at'
another ' with her tongue,' in
an oat«laught of abuse ; a walker
eocs along 'at a pathing gato'
fgih-'t], with a heavy tread, at a
diiviug speed ; and a cart which
is being tilted, at last goes
'pniA down,' conveniently, doing
damage to nothing.
Pasll [paash] ; or Poih [posh-],
a state of soppiness, as a grass
field after couonuous rain ; gen.
' All o' a poth ' [Yaal- u u -poSi-].
Fasll [[)aash], a state of rotten-
ness. Wh. Gl. : gen. The same
idoa (as is illustrated aboTe) at-
taches to this Bubotantive, wWh
MIO-TORKSUIRE GLOSS^VRT.
99
is not used of CTory object in a
state of Tottonness ; nor is it in
its partial use associated with
anything unbroken. A rotten
apple, for example, is not spoken
01 as posh while it remains whole
on the tree, or in the hand ; but
when it fiills, or is thrown down,
and bursts, exposing its state
thoroughly, then there is the
name of posh for it at once. The
common proverb, * as rotten as
pashf* is best understood in this
strict sense.
Paaaiiig [paasin]. When a person
is at the point of death, the
neighbours attend in the cham-
ber, and occupy themselves de-
votionally. This sersice, or time,
is called, the Falsing; Mid.
When death takes place, the
ceremony is at an end, and the
usual matronly ofiQces are per-
formed by those present. After-
wards, all sit doixTi to an abund-
ant table, and there is a feast
without much noise.
Passion [paash'un], employed as
a V. n. ; gen. * What 's thou go
passioning about in that way for ;
thou can make no better of it'
[Waats* tu gaan* paash'nin
uboots* i 'dhaat* wi'h' fur* ; dhoo
kim* maak' nih' bet*'ur ut*].
Pate [pi*h*t, pe-h't], the top of
the head. WTi. GL ; gen.
Pate [pe'h't], a badger ; gen.
Patter [paat-'ur], v. n. and v. a.
to tread. * Patter down,' to tread
down. Patterment [paat*'u-
mint], sb. footprint. Pattering
rpaat'*u'rin], sb. footstep (as
heard). /T/i. (??. ; Mid. Patter,
sb., also, indicating a thorouglily-
trodden state — all over foot-
prints. *It's all patter^ [Its'
yaal* paat'*ur]. *It's|?a^^ernow;
it will be blather to-mom ' [Its*
paat*'ur noo* ; it'u'l bi blaadh'u
tu - muo'h'n], it will be soft
puddle to-morrow.
Pawk [paoh'^k], impertinence ;
portness. Pawky, adj. Wh,
01. ; gen. Is also in use as an
active verb (usually followed by
at), and slightly as a verb neuter,
* Don't begin to pawk, now 1 '
[Din'ut bigin* for * start' [staai;,
ste'h't]) tu paon''k, noo].
Peak [pi'li'k], sb. and v. a. of-
fence, umbrage, or, as the spell-
ing suggests, pique ; gen. 'He's
taken a peak at some what ' [Eez*
teh'n u pi'h'k ut* suom'ut], has
taken umbrage, or offence at
something. * He 's peaked about
somewhat' [Eez* pi'h'kt uboot*
suom'ut], offended about some-
thing.
Pearch [pi'h'ch], v. a. employed
in the sense often attached to the
verb to search, colloquially, in re-
lation to the weather, when pene-
tratingly cold. * It fair pearches
to the bone to-night — it's that
raw-c^old' [It* fe*h'r pi'h'chiz tu
t bi-h'n (and [be'h'n] ref. but
common) tu-neet* — its* 'dhaat'
rao*h'-kaoh*'d]. It quite searches
{pierces does not suggest itself as
so apt a word) one to the bone
to-mght, the air is 80 raw and
cold. A severe time of this
nature is called, in somewhat
droll style, * a />tfarc^er.' Parch-
ing, adj. {Wh. OL) * It was
pearching cold at the fore-end of
(during the early part of) the
night ' [It* wur* pi'h'ch'in kao'h'd
ut* t fuor*-ind* ut* neet*1. [This
reminds one of Milton s use of
parching; Par. Lost, ii. 694:
** The parching air
Bums irore, and cold performs
th' effect of fire."
— W. W. S.] Fore has two other
vulgar forms [fuo*h'r, faor*],
and a gradation of refined ones
[fur*, fu*r, £aoh*'r, fao*r] which,
to the native ear, are essentially
distinct from the former, even
whore there is little dissimilarity
in pronunciation relatively. An-
other form may be added, [foa*r],
100
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
"which is considered too fine to
UHO, and is scoutod as an aA'ecta-
tion by homely people. ThLs is
the current refined form of parts
of the south and south-west.
Peart [pi'h't], adj. pert, in the
sense of being lively and active ;
fen. * As peart as a lop ' (flea)
Uz* pi'h't uz* u lop* J. The
pronunciation is, in Yorkshire,
a peculiar one for the class of
word, and is common to both
rural and towTi dialect. [Very
common in other counties, especi-
aUy, e. g. in Salop.— W. W. S.]
Peascod [pih'skaohM], the term
for a full shell of peas. ' Feus-
cwl-swad ' [pi'h'skaoh'd-swaad-],
a p<,*a-8hell. Wh, 01, ; gen. This
rural dialect form of pea is the
refined one of town, or southern
dialect, where are two other
forms [paoy* (and) pey], the
firnt being tno characteristic one.
Peff [pcf'J, V. n. to cough shortly
and faintly, unable or unwilling
to make a thorough effort ; also,
to labour in breath shortly,
pursing the mouth, as it were,
m the act, as if to make breath.
PtJIf is also as commonly heard
substantively, * Uo gave a bit of
a peff* [I gaav u bit* uv (or
[u^n*]) u pef-]. The Wh, Gl,
examples the verb, in its first
sense. At times, the senses are
so allied in conversation that
it is useless attemx)ting to make
a distinction.
Pelf [polf*], a term bestowed on
a worthless person ; Mid.
Pelt [polt*], skin. Wh, Gl, In
MiiYorks., applied to the human
skin, but usually only when the
skin is alluded to in its integrity.
The term has, however, a stricter
ap])li cation to the skin or hide
of animals. The Wh, Gl, illus-
tration (** Horns, tail, and pelt**
[Ao'h'nz, ti'h'l, un* pelt*]) seems
also to imply this. With regard
, to the final i of words, parti-
cularly of monofsj-llables, it must
be noted that m Mid-Yorks.
it is impossible not to recognise
its semi-dental character, especi-
ally in women's oonversatton.
[Applied in Middle Engliish to
the sheep.
" Off ehepe also oomythe peU and
eke Felle ; "
The Hora, The 8hepe, and the
Oosse; in Polit. Bel. and Love
Poems, ed. FumivaU, p. 16. It
is cognate with Germ. oeb. —
W. W. S.]
Pelter [pelt'ur], v. a., v. il, and
sb. pelt ; gen. ' It came such
of a pelter * (such a torrent) [It*
kaam* 'sa'yk n u pel 'fur]. * He's
been peltering on (of) me with
stones.' * Why, they were only
the size of hagstones ' (hailstones)
[Eez* bin* pel't'u'rin aon* mu
wi ste*h'nz. Waa*yu, dhu wu
naob'ut t book* u aag*8teh**'nz].
Perceivance [pusi*h'vuns], per-
ception. Wh, 01, ; gen. The
verb [pusi'h'v] is also in use, but
to a very slight extent compared
with its emplojTnent in ordinary
speech. It is much confined to
negative sentences, is felt to be
an equivocal term, and a sober
mcamng is but rarely attached
to it. A parent will thus deliver
himself, in irony, to a child who
has been making excuse for neg-
lectful conduct : * Nay, bairn,
thou perceives nothing; thou's
no perceivance in thee; thou's
tuptack I ' [N:e*h', be*h'n, dhoo
pusi-h'vs naow*t; dhuoz* ne*h'
pu8i*h'vuns i dhu ; dhuoz* tuop*
taak*], by which the child under-
stands that he has no equal in
delinquency.
Perishment [perishment], a
severe cold. Tl A. 01, ; gen. To
perish, v. a. is to be in a statd
of starvation from cold. *K
thou goes out to-night it will
perish thee' [If* dhuo gaanz'
oot* tu-neet' it'u'l periah dhu].
MID-YORKSUIBE GLOSSARY.
101
*We haye got hold of some
perishing weather at last — it
would perish a toad to death'
[Wi git'u'naoh'*d u suom* per*ish-
in widh'ur ut* laast* — it* ud*
perish u te'h'd tu di'h*th]. On
the part of brood dialect speakers
there is a great tondoncy to make
the first vowel in this word [uoj,
and the actual interchange is
often most distinct.
Pettle [pet'u'l], V. a. and v. n. to
ding in a gentle fondling man-
ner, with a light embrace ; Mid.
The Wh, OL quotes the term,
and makes a reference to clag.
But this word conveys a coarser
idea, and is not usually substi-
tuted. Any adhesive substance
in contact with an object clagSy
and a child dags to mother's
skirt; but, in each relation,
pettles could not be employed to
convey the same moaning. Of
a lamb and a sheep toge&er, it
will be said of the former, that
'it pettles with its head against
the old one* [it* pet'ulz wi its*
yi*h*d ugih'*n t ao'Vd un*], plays
with the head about the neck of
the old one, or rubs head with it
Pengh [piw], v. n. indicating the
action consequent on a bout of
laboured breathing. At such
times, afflicted people are in the
habit of pursing the lips, and
blowin^^, for relief; and this is
peughing [piwin] ; Mid. * Poor
old man ! he does peff and peugh !'
[Puo'h'r ao'h'd maan* ! i diz* pof*
un* piw]. Peff, to breathe
shortly and spasmodically, mov-
ing the lips, changes its vowel,
[uaaf", pir], while maintaining
tne same sense.
Pewder [piwd'ur], pewter ; gen.
In some houses, the dinner-
service of plates, dishes, &c.,
consists almost entirely of this
old-fashioned ware.
Pewit [piw -it], the lapwing ; gen.
Pey [paey], v. n. and occasionally
a V. a. to exert the body, in
walking, at a fast pace* Mid.
This is the usual apphcation
of the word; the sense in
which it is understood referring
to the act of locomotion. *I
met him coming along, peying
at all iwers* (all evors) [Aa*
met* im* kuomin ulaang* paeyin
ut* yaal* iv*uz], at * no end' of a
pace. In the present participle,
a sound like a faint guttural, or
rough aspirate, precedes the end-
ing. But the verb does not con-
tain this feature.
Pick [pik*], V. a. andsb. to pitch ;
to push. If 'A. QL (vb.); gen.
Pick-ower [pik*-aow*h'r] is as
usual a substantive form. ' Ho
gave him a pick^ and over ho
went' [Ee ^lav* im* u pik*, un*
aowh'r i wint*]. *Oivo him a
pick - ower' [Gi im* u pik*-
aow'h'r], knoc\ him down.
Pick [pik*], V. n. and v. a. to
quarrel, or rebuke sharply. Wh,
OL ; gen. * Don't pick so '
[Di'h'nt pik* se*h']. * They pick
and peck at one another the day
through' [Dho pik* un* pek* ut*
yaan* unidh'ur t di*h' thi-uof*].
Pick [pik-], v. n. and v. a. to
vomit. H'?*. 01. ; gen.
Pifle [paafu'l], v. n. and occa-
sionaUy a v. a. to pilfer. Wh,
OL ; Mid.
Pike [paayk*, paa'k], a large cock
of hay ; gon.
Pikethank [paayk *tliaangk],
pickthauk ; gen. This word docs
not follow the rule in respect
of characteristic vowel-changes.
The retention of the ordinary
vowel a [aa] is imusual, c [e]
being substituted.
Pikle [paa-ku'l], v. n. and v. a.
to pick food daintily in eating,
and to eat little, after the manner
of invalids. Wh, OL The mean-
ing appended is that current in.
Mid- Yorkshire, where it is not
102
UD-TORESaiRE GL0S3ABT.
ise to the liabitE of
cattle, u u BpTiarently indiratM
in the OL ute lonf* > »>Tind
noted tLers ^at realty a short
element, [piayk-nl;;, ar.d in
other mch woiib, ii the reGaed
Bonnd in Uid-Yorks., Nidder-
dale, and the niirth sji<i north-
we«t of the coontjr geuerallv.
Pimp [piini'']i ^- *■- 1'* inJultfe
a Bqoeamiah appetite ; Uid.
Fimpery [piin-puri], adj. ,
Bqneaiouh, with respect to food.
It will be said of a cow, that she '
is ' pini/«ry-stoinached ' [pirn-- ■
Sn - Etuom'oktj. Fimping
imTiin] is usuallj employed
BuperlatiTelj', with the same
meaning. ]
Pink [piufik], T. a. and sb. to Xoe», I
by an effort which rcnoires the
power of both arms ; Mid. ' He \
pinked it clean orer the hedge ' '
[Ee pinRkt- if tlih'n aowh'r t
idj-]. ' Did he poEh thee into f ,
dyke?' 'Nay, heiii'nXvif me in'
rDid' i pish- dhu intu t daa'k? ,
Ki-h', i ping'kt mn in]. I
Pumock [pin-uk], v. n. and v. a, 1
to perch at an edeo, or point ; '
Mid. 'Look at yon bajm where
it'a pinnocking. Go to it, biiforo
it tumbles' [Li-h'k ut- yaon-
bo-h'n wi-h'r its' pin-ukin.
Ooang' tiv it', ufuo'h'r it'
"tnomTi'lz].
Pimiy [piii'i], a contraction of
pin'i/ore; gen.
Pinnyabow [pinislii-li', (and)
Bhao"h' (ref.)j, a child's pecp-
ahow. Wh. 01. ; gpti. The
charge for a peep is a pin, anil,
nndcr extraordinary eircum-
fitances of novelty, two pinB.
The pronunciations indicated be-
long to adults. Children and
Fil'le [jHSTi'l], lit, on c/iii-He; a
narration of any kind : Mid. 01
a wordy woman, it will Iw said,
that uhe ' wont naggoring ud
with a long pii'fa
have tired a hoTBa to stand and
listen to ' [win-t naap-n'rin aon*
si u Uang' pis-nl at: it' ad~ a
toayud a 'aos- ta staan* im*
li^-ii'n tir-j. [The initial « is
likewise dropped in Icelandic ;
ct Icel. pistill, an epistle. —
W. W. S.]
Pit [pit"], a fruit^tone ; ilid.
Pitcll [pich']. When a miner'a
nerjtion according to the weight
of ore ' got, ' he is working 'oy
fit'h.' when the amingedient
IS to work by measurement, he
is ' going by t" bond ' ; Xidd.
Plain [pli h'n]. v. n, to lament ;
to complain, but more raried in
application than this word. Wh.
01. ; gen. The Gl. has tha two
apt illnstrations : " They are al-
ways plaining poverty" [Dhur*
yajl'us pli-h'nin puoTTltit "A.
goodp/uinfT''[Ugi'h'dpli-h'nur],
a good b^gar. Also adding
plaint, sb. complaint, which is
likewise in general use. The
verb is spelt ' plena ' by local
writers, aprceably with the usual
pronunciation, but as the refined
form [ple-h'n] identifies itaelf in
pronunciiition with the word
pliin, whether thi-j is a simplo
word or compounded, it seems
unneccBsarj- to make any change
in the spelling.
Plash [pfnash], v. a., v. a, and
sb, to splash. Wh. GL; gen.
This form is, however, much less
used than blaeh [bloash']. In
town, or southern dialect, it is
not heard at all.
Pir-af [plih'f] ; or Pluf fplQof'l ;
or Plif[plif]; orPleuftpliw-f];
i>rPla\rf[plowf], plough. These
varymg ])n>nunciuticiii
trury, and practically generaL
They are all well-known, and
used. Pleugh [uliw] may be
occasionally heard oa a subetan-
tire, but in this charact«i is ol-
HID-TOBKSEIRX GL0S3ART.
103
(ogetlier ignored hj old people.
As a flalwtantive, this form wtnild
be highly improper in such a
sentenoe ma ' I am goine to
fvgh now ; what plowjh havo
to take P ' which would be :
[Aa*e g«a~in tu pliw noo' ; waat'
plih-'( OT- I tu taak- ?]
Pleat [plih't] ; or Het [plet-l ;
or Plit [plif] ; or Plat [plaat-J.
Theee are all foTma of plait, m
oommiMi use. The first ia the
usual lubtlanUve form, but is
alBOUSodasavrr6,aanre theroet.
Tba last also ccnveys the past
tense. The third form, though
occasionally heard elaewhore, is
the one proper to Mid-Yorks.
put is general to town dialect, too.
PlffliiBh [plinish], v. a. to ro-
K' midk 1 to fill ; to furnish.
eniihingi (sb.j fumishingma-
torial of any kind R'A. Ql. ;
Mid. 'P;«iwA that bairn her Url
■water-kit ' [Plin'ieh dhaat' be'h'n
UT laa'l waut''ur-kitj. her littlo
water-bucket. ' Thia rain will
aver-pleniili the dykes' [Dhis'
rih'n u'l aow'h'r - phmsh t
daa-ks], will oTor-fiU the ditches.
'They will bide eome pUniahiiiff'
[T)lter baa'd suom' pliniahinj,
wiU take some filling.
Plengh [i'liwl; or PMugh
[plaew-]; or tlough [ploo-];
or PWagh [ph-h']. v. a., v. n.,
and sb. plough. These are all
general forms. Fleugh and
Plough are the comniouoiit ; the
first of which is usually employed
as the substantive, but it la not
put to frequent use. See Pl^af,
4c.
Float [pluob-'t], V. a. to pluck,
or strip, as of feathers ; also,
figuratiYoly, to plunder; to ran-
sack. H'A. 01. ; Mid.
Pledge [ploj-, pluoj'], V. n. "to
plungo up and down In water
with the feet." Wh. 01. This
Yorks. and Nidderdole, wltei«
the meaning is not ho restricted.
One who mokes way through
puddle without any soft steps
pliidgei. The word is also com-
mon tut a luhatanlivr, ' He gays
n great pitHlgr with hia foot, and
bhitherod (bemircd) me all over'
[Ee gauv u gri-h't ploj" wiv iz'
fi'h't, un- lilaadh-ud mu yaal-
uow-h'r]. Plodgy, B^. ' I^ook
ot that mggU'fjiil, what pMgy
d«ed he 's niakiuf- (in'ro ! ' [Li'h'k
ut- ilhoat- raag'u'lti-h'l, waat*
pioji deed' (and [doyd']) iz-
moiik'in dlu'h'r !], whiitHpluiihing
work. &c.
Plook [plookl, a pimple. Wit.
01.; Hid.
Ploih [ploah', pluosh'l, t. n. and
sb. Pl0Bhy[plo8h-i],adj. m.
01. i pen. Any light feet may
Eloih their way, and call for pity,
ut when thoy bepin to ' pledge '
wilfully, or stupidly, after the
manner of a clumsy - gaited
person, then rebuke becomes
Justifiable. Ploih is much more
icard than ' plodge,' and, as a
substantive, bears relation bn an
object as well as nn action. Ploth
is anything of the nature and
consistency of puddle, into which,
if a hasty foot be placed, or a
stick let fall, there results a pto*h.
Plowder [plaowd'ur] ; or Plowd
[plaowd]. Y. n. to plod on an
impelk'd way. as through dirt,
or refuse ; Mid. Plowderer
[plaowd'uru], and plowder
[phiowd'ur], sbs. There are
other forms, casual to this dis-
trict, but more Koncml north-
wards— [pi uo-h'd] vb., [pluo'h'd-
'ur] vb. and sb. [P]oo-d"ur] is
also a form the verb tiikes. This,
in Mid-Yoiks., is a more usual
one than the preceding forms
noted. The verb and ilorivativea
are much used hguratircly.
Flag [rliiog'l, V. a. to load, or
stack with the ' gripe,' or dung-
104
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
fork. ' We shall bare to go to
plug muck to-mom' [Wi sul* e
tu gaang* tu pluog' muok* tu-
xano'li*nJ, to load with manure
to-morrow.
Tlugger [pluogTir], applied to
anything very largo ; Mid.
Flunk [pluongk*], the body of
grass within a so-called * fairy-
ring ; ' gen. Also joined to o/,
and used in such phrases as, * A
plunk o* folk' [L) pluong'k u
fiiowk'], a gathering of people.
* A plunk o* trees * [U pluongk*
u tnh*'z]» a clump of trees.
Pluther [pluodh-ur] ; or Plnther-
ment [pluodh-ument, (and)
mint], applied to any liquid that
is mixed ^^dth foreign matter, or
is in a greatly muddled state.
Pluthery, adj. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
The contents of a thickly-
scummed, stagnant pool would
bo associated with one or other
of these words.
F6at [p:uo*h't (but quite often
Bhort)\, V. n., V. a., and sb. This
is a word ">\dth a nice but well-
understood meaning. The Wh,
Gl, has, ** to push slightly at any-
thing with a stick or the hand.
Also, to point the ground, as the
phrase is, "^^ith a stick in walk-
ing. * Ho now gSLUS p<Kiting about
with a stick,* uses a walking-
stick." In Mid-Yorks. and Nid-
derdale the word at all times
means to put or throw out the
foot, in a venturesoiiio way,
always implying a light action.
It is also in use substautivdy.
An infant's playful kicks are
puats. The action of pawing,
like a horse, is also indicated
by the same word. It is not
often employed in relation to
adults, and in usage is fre-
quently boldly figurative. The
word in town dialect ha\'ing
a correspondence in meaning is
pawt [pao'h't], and this pronun-
ciation IS also casual to the north.
P oddish [pod'ish], porridges
That is to sav, ' oatmeal thickeni» '
[waat'miih'l thikninz] ; gen. A
hound's mess of flesh and oat-
meal is also favoured with the
name of poddish. There are
some few other forms receivings
a similar termination; cabbage
becomes * [kaab'ish], managt
[maannsh], morrice [moT'ish],
liquorice [lik'urish], &c, but the
words are not numerous.
Podge [poj-, pnoj*], ** Afat, dirty
per^jon." U'h. Gl. : gen. This
IS a common meaning, but, as
an epithet, the term is as freely
bestowed, in a good-natured man-
ner, upon chUdren of a fleshy
appearance, as upon the parti-
cular object indicated. *Come
hither, thou old podge^ and 111
be the kissing of thee to death! '
[Kuom* idh'ur dhoo ao'h'd poj*
un* Aa*I bi t' kuos'in ao dhu ta
di'h'th I]. The preposition of also
follows the verb idiomatically
when there is a pronoun to come
immediately after. Podge is also
a V. n. denoting the heavy irre-
gular gait usual to very fat
persons.
Poke ; or Poak [puoh*k], a sack,
or long bag of any kind. Used
also in figure. Wh, 01, ; gen.
to the county.
Pomeson [puoli*'m-8nn,8n'n, (and,
habitually from some speakers,)
sum, (ana) su*m]. Palm-Sunday
is thus corrupted in parts of
Mid-Yorkahire and the north.
At Stokesley, a fair, held on the
Saturday preceding this festival,
is known as * Pomcson Fair.'
Southward, the vowel in Pahn-
is as distinctly [ao*]^[Pao'h'm-
Suon'du].
Poo [puo*], v. a. and sb. to pull.
[Puod], pulled. Upper Nidd.
This is a Craven form, and may
bo heard in the mining-dales
north-west, where other words
have a similar treatment.
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
105
Pooch [pooch*], V. a. to poach;
gen. An exceptional prouiincia-
tion for the class of word. It is
employed in the Leeds district,
too, with the like peculiarity.
Popple [popni'l, puop-u'l], the
common poppy of the conmelds.
Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Porate [puore-h't]; or Potato
[pnote'h't], potatoe; gen.
Porringer [puoi'inju, purinju
(re£)J, apphed to a round-shaped,
Dulgmg metal or earthen vcssol,
with a pipe-handle. It is used
for children's messes, and also
for heating food. Wh . Gl. , where
the description slightly varies;
gen.
Pos8 [po8-], V. a. and v. n. to
mix J to agitate, or dash about,
as with a pestle, or staff. Wh,
01. ; gen. Many of these com-
mon verbs are employed as sub-
stantives, but in an unmistak-
ably humorous way. This word,
for example. 'Thou 11 muke a
po$$ of it before thou 's done '
[Dhoo'l maak* u 'pos* on* t
Tifuoh''r dhooz' dihnj. Posskit
{Wh, OL), a covered tub, used in
poMtng, or cleansing linen, &c.,
the posSyOT poBser, being a wooden
pin ** with a thick knob at the
immersed end, and worked
through a hole in the lid." ( JVh,
01.)
Poft-house [paost*- (and) puost*-
00* 's], post-office, n^^. Gl, ; gen.
Posy [puo'h'zi, paoh-'zi, pao'zi],
a nosegay. Wh, 01. ; gen. The
two last pronunciations are in
the order of their refinement.
Potter [pot-'ur], v. a. to fumble ;
to engage in anything requiring
much manipulation, or a fussy
movement of the hands. Wli.
01. (part.) ; gen.
Ponk [puo'k], a pustule ; gen.
Pow [paowl, the head, familiarly.
Wh. 01.; Mid.
Pownd Fpuio'wnd], pond; gun,
A peculiar pronunciation.
Pratter [praat**ur], v. n. and sb.
to prate; Mid.
Pratty [praat-i] ; or Pmtty
[pruot'i] ; or Purty [puor-ti],
adj. forms of pretty ; gen. The
first form {Wh, GL) is most used,
and is general to the north.
Pretty^ as a word, is limited in
use, Doing chiefly heard in con-
nection with certain words and
unchangeable phrases.
Prannge [praoh*nj], a time of
wild enjoyment ; Mid. * We
had a rare day's praunge of it*
[Wi d* u re*h' di'h'z prao'h'ig
on* t].
Pre ace [pri-b's], sb. and v. a. the
pronunciation of price, on the
part of those who are most
quaint in manners and speech.
The general form is [praa's];
and the refined "[preys] ; gen.
Preachment [prih'chment], ap-
plied to a tedious narration, or
discourse, or to long-winded
speech of any kind, written or
oral. Wh, Ol, ; gen.
PrCam [pri-h'm], anything wordy
— a diiBcourse, conversation, or
talk of any kind, written or
spoken ; Mid. * He wrote her a
great long pream of a letter ' [Ee
re'ht ur* u 'gri'h't 'laang* pri'h'm
uv* u lit''urj.
Prial [prih'l] ; or Prile [praa-1],
a term which, at most times
savouring of bad repute, is ap-
plied to those who are adapted
for each other's company, having
a resemblance in manners, or
disposition. It is seldom applied
to a greater number than two or
three. [A corruption of pair
royaly meaning, properly, three
things of a sort. At caras, three
of the same value used to be
called a pair royal, pronounced
prial. See pair-royal in Nares.
— W. W. S.] Mid. ' Never a
106
HID-YOBKSUIRE OLOSSABT.
one is better than the rest —
there 's a pricU of thorn ' [Ne*h'n
u "yaanz* bet^'ur im* t' rist* —
dhnz' u pri-h*l on* urn*]. *A
bonny prile * [U baoni praa'l],
a fine lot.
Frincod [prin'kaod], a pin-
cushion. Wh, Gl. ; Mid.
Prod [prod*], V. a. and sb. to
prick, or good. Also, suhBtan-
tivelyy for the iron point on the
stick or staff mode use of. Wh.
GL ; gen. Au^ihing in the
shape of a pricker often gets the
name.
Proddle [prod-u'l], v. a. to poke
with a stick, or other article,
within a hole, or so as to make
one. Also, figuratively, to trifie.
Wh, Gl ; gen.
Pronse [praons*, praonz*], v. n.
to pace ostentatiously. Pronsy
[praon'zi], adj. ; Nidd.
Pross [pros*], "gossiping talk."
Wh, GL ; gen. Also in common
use as a neuter verb,
Pnuon [pruoznin], sb. and v. a.
prison ; to imprison. The usual
pronimciation of this word by
old people ; Mid.
Pnbble [puob'ul], adj. plump,
as appued to a round lumpy
object. Wh, GL ; Mid.
PoIIb [puo'lz], sb. pi. most usually
apphed to tno heads of com dis-
persed on a bam - floor, after
thrashing, &c. ; Mid.
Pnndstone [puon'stun, su*n, (and)
sti*'h'n], a pebble- weight repre-
senting the conventional pound,
or * long pound * of twenty-two
ounces, in the weight of made-
up butter. Wh, GL ; gen. The
* long roll ' of butter is yet sup-
posed to maintain this standard
in weight. The weight of the
* short roll ' is not entirely estab-
lished ; the market-women being
frequently hoard tempting the
tasters of their daiiy produce
with the remark, that ' there is
boimd to be seventeen ounces, if
there is one ' [dhuz* buon* tu bi
siv'u'utih'n oonsiz if* dhuz' yaan']
in the short rolls, which they have
for sale.
Purely [piw-uli], adv. a term
expre&smg a satisfactory state
of health, and usual in response
to an inquiry. Wh, GL ; Mid.
*Now, bairn, how are youP'
' Why, bairn, I am purely^ thank
you ; and pray you, how's your-
self, and how goes all at home ? '
n^oo* be'h*n, oo* aa* ya?
W:aa*-yu be*h*n, Aa*z piwuli
thengk* yu, un* pre yu oo*z
yusen*, un* oo* gaangz* yaal* at*
yaam*?]
Pnrvil [pu'vil], v. a. A purvilled
arrangement of articles, or ma-
terial of any kind, is when the
things are placed one above the
other; Mid. [Evidently a pecu-
liar use of Mid. Eng. purfiled^
which had, originally, reference
to the arranging of things along
a thread or edga See purfiUd
in Chaucer.— W. W. S.]
Put [puot*], V. a., V. n., and sb,
to butt ; gen. * Weddmg comes
all at once, like a putting calf'
rWedin kuo*mz yaal* aat* yaans*,
laa*k u puot'in kao'h'f]. The
word usually implies ^ntleness.
This is not the case m such a
sentence as [Ee m:i'h*d 'sa'yk
u'n u puot* aat* mu], he made
such on a put at me. On, in this
sentence, has the sense of ofy but
this sound may arise from the pre-
ceding adjective having simply
the old participial ending en,
as some words in rural dialect,
and a multitude in town dialect,
have.
Putten [puot'u'n], past part, of
j)iLt, Wh, GL ; gen. AJso con-
stantly employed when followed
by on idiomatically, not merely as
in the glossary illustration, '* She
is bravely putten on," where put
HID-TORKSHIBB QLOSSABT.
107
on is the verb, but when the pre-
position has the meaning of o/.
' Hast thou puUen on it away ?'
[Ez* tu puot'u'n ont' uwi'h* ?]
' He 's putten on it off while to-
morrow ' [Iz* puot'u'n ont' aoh**f
waa'l tu-muo'nn]. * I Ve putten
on it down ' [Aa'v puot'u*n on*
it* dooTi], I have put, or set it
down. So rooted is this form
that in some phrases the preposi-
tions follow each other, as when
the verb to ^tut on {Wh, OL) is
employed with the meaning of,
to impose upon, oppress, over-uso
or take advantage of. * Thou *s
putten on o' him long enough'
TDhuoz* puot'u'n on* u im* laang*
uni*h'f].
Pnzzom [puoz*um], sb. and v. a.
poison. Puzzomoua [puoz*-
tmius],a4j. poisonous. Alsopuz-
zomful [puoz*u'mfuol], adj. but
a term more expressive of the
tendency to become poisonous;
noxious. Wli. OL ; gen. The
participles are formed in the
usual way, by the addition of
ing and e(2, but the last term
may be said to fulfil the purpose
of a part, pre$,
Pye [paa*], v. n. to pry; to act
inquisitively. Wh. OL; Mid.
Quart [kwaa't], v. a. to thwart.
Wh. UL ; Mid-Yorks., where it
is an odd pronunciation, thwart
[thwe*h't] being used more goner-
ally.
Quarterage [kwe*h*t'rij], a quart-
erly allowance ; Mid.
Queasy [kwi*h*zi], adj. denoting
an imsettled, irritated state of
the stomach ; inclined to nausea ;
Mid. [Almost in general use ;
it occurs thrice in Shakespeare.
— W. W. S.]
Queer [kwi-h'r], the pronuncia-
tion of choir ; Mid.
Quest [kwest*, kwist*], inquest;
Mid. 'A crownor's qtieat^ [U
kroon'uz kwest*], a coroner's in«
quest. Shakespeare has * crown-
er's quest law ; Hamlet, v. 1.
Qnidgy [kwid-ji], adj. applied to
an\'thing exceedingly little; Mid.
* What a ' little quidgy apple !
Aye, it is a quidgy* [Waat* u
l|wi*l kwidji aap*ull Aay*, it*
"iz* u kwid ji]. Old people also
say Kudgy fkuod ji] and, occa-
sionally, Qudgy ptwuod*ji].
Quip [kwip*], V. a. to equip ; but
in freer use than ordinarily;
Mid. * Now, then, I am quipped
and ready!' [Noo, dhin*, Aei*z
kwipt* im* rid'ij, am fully dressed,
and ready.
Quit [kwuot*], V. a. and adj. to
quit. This is a peculiar change
of vowel favoured by some old
people; Mid.
Qu6at [kw:uo*h'tl, sb., v. a., and
V. n. quoit. A term there is
much more use for in town
localities, where there are few
public-houses which have not
their ' skittle-alley ' and ' quoit^
garth' rearwards on the premises,
but is yet a familiar one in rural
pai-ts, and the difference of re-
spective pronunciations suggests
the example. In town dialect, tiie
form is [kao-yt], and the word
is imknown as a verb. A Mid-
Yorkshire speaker would readily
say, * I *m bown (goingj to quoit'
[Aa*z boon* tu kw:uo*h t] ; out a
southern speaker would not, save
under exceptional circumstances,
be likely to know what the word
meant. Himself, if a Leeds
man, would say, in unavoidable
periphrase, *I'm bown to lai'k
(play) at quoits ' TAam* baa'n tu
leh'k ut* kao'ytsj.
Eaader [i-e-li'd'ur, ri'h'd'ur]; or
Kuather [re'h'dhur, ri'h'dhur],
a<lv. rather; gen.
Baaming [reh'iuin], adj. denoting
size; gen. *A gurt (great)
HU^JOtJLSHJ^L CUiSSJlLT.
V/ gk-lfV].-*: il. T^Sh/izZ^. Wit. OL .'
of, it. I cvaldit ^iiidfT«:Ai.i &
wf/rA Ia ttbii' 'Jlk zlL'^Ix^ -aa-k
uo'ii.d'xiiitUkZ^' Tl v:ao'd i &>ed'~.
Babble [rab&bTiT. t. n. aiid &L. :
Vi VTUi^; Jiid. 'WL&t are <
voLd two TahUif*Q &boTit r '
[^Waate' yaoi*' tw:e-li' raab'lin
ulxx/t-'"] * Don't talk to him
aly^ut it; \\.\ mre to end in a
rohlU,' T^in-ut taoh'*k tiT* -im*
ul>y>f it* ; ita* ai'h' tu ind* it* u
raab'u'P.
Babble-rout fraab-ul-root], the
riouK? of a rahUt. IVh. OL ; gen.
Back [raak-]. *Aij wet as ra<rAr'
[LV wee't uz* raak*] is a com-
mon prorerbial expression, in
alluMon to the ra<k^ or broken
vaporous clouds of the sky ; gen.
Baddle [raailu'lj, v. a. to beat
with a light stick, giving blows
in quick succession. Baddlizig,
sb. a beating after this manner.
Wh, OL ; gen. [Itaddlf^ as a sb,
and diminutive of r<fd is given in
Parish's Hussex Glossarv. And
s*jo Jiadlhig in E. D. S. Gloss.
15. 1, and Hadlings in Gloss. B.
B;ien [reirn], the uncultivated
ground ni^h a hedge ; gen. flceL
rm*, a stni) of land.— -W. W. S.]
Baff [nuif-]; (fv Riff-T^ff [rif*-
nifil''J, sbs. sing, and plur. ap-
]»li<Ml to low, disreputable people.
M7i. OL ; gon. The cf)mpound
is iilso used as an udjective. A
riff-raff lot. The firnt term is
o<:(!UHionally UH<3d in Mid-Yorks.
UH an at'Htfe vfrb, to brush, or
riiko togothur proniiscuously.
* Now, thon, take tlio brush and
raff thom well together' [Noo*
dhiu' Uiuk* t bi-uosh* im* raaf'
=1- w«£- taod-n]. A 'fw/.
or
ocia>EElin
T. 1. to squmder.
Also, as a refh
s cr create di»-
, or become in-
VTh. Glm, gen.
BaiBepadL [ruf-iilf«ak]. sb.
ar.d ftdj- ^ 1^> rakish oampanT.
ITa. Gl; gen.
'RMliiTwg' ''naflinj. adj. riotous
and dissipated. ITA. <?/. ; gen.
Bailock [raaf'lok], a fragment;
gen.
Bagabask [zaag-abaash], sb. and
adj. ; or Bagaly [raa^Tili], adj.
expressive of a be^anv, untidy
state. JTA. Gl. The last is a
Mid-Yorks. term; the first is
general, as are, also, ragabraah.
fraag-ubraash], and ragabra^
[raagmbraag].
Baggies [raag^'lz], an untidy
person; gem
_'il [raagil], a loose, careless
person; one of mischievons or
wilful, but not of an ill, dispoed-
tion. Wh. GL; gen. This is a
term mostly bestowed on juve-
niles, and, being one only of
good-himioured reproach, is wel-
< corned. Amongst the adult pea-
santry it is employed as a some-
what fastidious term, and is used
complacently in the company of
superiors.
Bagriver [raagraa-vur], a rude
romper; a 'tear-clothes.* Wh,
OL; gen. The 'lonff t' sound
[aay], noted in the Wh, 01, is
also heard generally, but apart
from broad dialect.
Bagrowter [raag-raowt^u], v. n.
to indulge in rude, boisteroua
play ; to romp, seizing lie gar-
ments. Wh, GL (pres. part.);
Mid. Also, substantively.
Baitch [re-h'ch]. The Wh, GL
UlD-TORKSniRE GLOSSART.
109
definition (seo E. D. S. Gloss. B.
2) is, **A white line down a
horse's fiice." The word may be
identical with ratch (aee), yet this
distinct pronunciation is also cur-
rent in Mid-Torks., and is heard
oyer- the north generally. But
tbe term is not restricted to a
natural mark or streak of this
kind upon a horse, but applies
equally to other animals, and to
any part of their body ; also to
persons and objects. It is em-
ployed as a verb, too, as chalk is
customarily. On occasions, it is
not easy to draw the line between
ratch and rai'tch, as in the
phrase, * I *11 rai'tch thy rig if I
get hold of thee ! * [Aa*l re'h'ch
•dhaa* 'rig* if* Aa git* aoh''d u
dhu], will mark your back, if I
get hold of you.
Sakapelt [raak-upelt], a dissolute
character. Wh. GL ; gen.
Baketime [re'h'ktaa-ml a miner's
term for that time when sets of
workmen reHeye each other;
Nidd.
Bam [raam*], adj. rancid, or rank.
Wh, Gl. ; gen. [Icel. ramr,
strong.— W.W. S.]
2a*me [re'h'm], y. n. and y. a.
to yociferate, with an implication
of yiolent behaviour ; gen. * Goes
ramming about like a madman'
[Gaanz* re'h'min uboot* laa'k u
maad'mun]. One going about a
house, singing at the top of her
yoice, will be desired not to nCm^
in that way. * Don't ra^me the
house down ! ' [Duon'ut ro'h'm
t 'oo's doon* !] [Very common
in Old English. A.S. hremauy
to cry out— W. W. S.]
Bamp-an-r^ave [raamp--un-ri-h'v],
applied to lumber, or odds and
ends of any kind ; Mid. * Go and
fettle (put to rights) the old
chamber, at the house end, and
if there 's any ramp-aji' -reave
about, pretha (pray thou, liter-
ally) let 's be quit of it ' [Gaang*
un* fet*ul t ao'h'd che'h'mur, ut*
t oos ind*, un* if* dhuz* aon*i
raamp*-im-ri'h'y uboot* predh'u
lits* bi kwit* o t].
Bamp-and-ree [raamp*-un-ree*],
a ycrbal phrase expressiye either
of that kind of rough conduct
attaching to boisterous humour,
or of that coming of mad anger;
gen.
Bamps Fraamps'], a reckless, dis-
sipated person ; gen.
Bamscallion [raamskaol'iu'n], a
careless dirty person, of vagrant,
worthless habits. Not applied
with the direct meaning of the
simple forms («ec), as in the Wh,
Gl.; gen.
Bamshackle [raam-shaaku'l], an
unsteady person, one upon whom
no dependence can be placed.
Mil. GL; gen. In some slight
use as a verb, and common in the
form of a jpart. pres,
Bandle-balk rraan-u'l-bao--h'k] ;
or Gally-balk [gaali-bao-h'kj ;
or Beckon - balk [rek'u'n-
bac'h'k] ; or Beckon-perch and
peak [rok'u'n - piih'ch (and)
p:ih'k] ; or Gally-tree (gaal'i-
I ; or Bandle-tree [raan'u'l-
These are all names given
iron chimney - bar, by
which, with the aid of simple
* crooks,' or a * reckon,* vessels
are suspended over the fire. Of
the number, the fii*st throe, to-
gether with licckon -perch, aro
contained in the Wh, Gl, The
fii-st thi'oe are general, and, col-
lectively, are heard in Mid- York-
shire only.
Bandom [raan*d'um], sb. and adj.
loose ; Mid. * It 's bown (going)
to be a random day with him'
[Its* boon* tubi uraan'd*um di'h*
wi im*], a loose, or idle day.
*He's on the random again'
[Eez* ut* raan'd'um ugi'h'nj, off
work, or, * on the loose ' again.
The Wh, Gl, employs randan
with a somewhat similar mean-
free
free
to the
no
Hm-TORESniRE GLOSSARY.
iii<r. One mar hear this form, at
timw, in the north, bal it is
hardlj' recogniaod.
fiuinock [raaniik], a rake, or
roendthritt. Wh. 01.; Mid.
The verb ia aim commoii, but the
past part, ie mihoard to any «-
tcot. The subsIuntiTe is also
Bant [raatit'], the feast-dars of
Nidderdalo localities are called
Ttxiilt. The cbivl of these is that
known as ' Nethtrdil £ani,' held
at Pateley-Bridgc.
Bapi [raapa], ntiwe, familiaily.
Wh. GLi gen.
Suh [Tsashl, a narrow piece of
anblo land left uncultiTat«d ;
gen.
Baip [raa.'ip'], v. a. and t. n. to
overhvat; Mid. Bread baked
too quicklj* ie ratji'd. A person
excuses himself for slow walking,
bj saving that when ho walks
quickly he gets ' raijnug hot very
soon ' [raaa'pin ao'h't raar'u
«i-h'n].
Batch [raatcb], a strii« ; Mid.
Bate [reh't], v. a. a weather
term. To be niled, is to be
exposed to inclement or raly
weather ; gen. Timber is rutnl
by being expnseil through all
seasons. See Bait iu E. D. S.
GlosB. B. 2, iind B. 10.
Batton [raafu'n], rat. 117^. Gl. ;
gen. tu the county.
Bave [ri'li'v], a st^te of niad pas-
eatm, or fiirv ; with the meaning
of theverbVoniit; Mid.
Baw-gob [ruo'li'-ijobj, an abrupt,
Tulgitr siieuker ; line who in
coarse-muuthed. HA. Gl. (paat
part); gen,
Bex [raaks'], t. a. and v. n.
to stretch, or wrench ; gen, A
mustard-plaiHter is tiaid to hare
been a nuxr, A person will tell
of ' a nasty nixin' pain ' he ia
subject to. Box. sb. ( (1:6. (11.)
and V. a. also, a sprain.
Baxzen [raazTml, v. a. When any-
thing oat of the oren. or from
before the fire, ia rather more
burnt than baked, it is raamed;
Mid. To oifT-broil a poition of
a joint, would be to rassia
[raaz-u-1] (irA. Gl.) it.
Bazzle [maza'lj, t. a. See Bax-
Bead [ri-h'd] ; or Bid [rid], adj.
red. These forms are general,
but the old Mid- Yorkshire peoplo
employ read [ri-h'd] (FTA. Gl.)
mure frequently than is usnal in
Niddcnlale. Nor in wonld similar
to rid do the Nidderdalo people
make such use of the [ij.
Beak [rih'k], v. a. to reach;
Mid. '/Tcut me that flitch down'
[Hi-h'k ma dhaat- flik- doon].
rlilch is quite as commonly
[fli-h'k] and [aih'k], mostly
among the old people.
Bean [ri'h'iij, eb. and v. n. the
pronunciation of rrign ; gen.
Beang [rib'ng], a diacoloured
line, or stripe, " as, the flesh fh>m
the stroke of a switch, or whip.
A face is reuuged with dirt when
it hus soiled nnger-marks down
it." — Wit. Gl. ; gen.
Bt'ap [ri-li'p], a stalk, or stem ;
Mid. [I'ley-ri-h'ps], pea-stalks.
B<*a«trri-li'st], hoarseness. Beasty
[ri'hsti], adj. ; gen.
Bt'ast [rib'sti, a rancid or rusty
F^tate, as applied to meats, and to
bacon particularly ; gen. Wh.
RCatt [ri'h'st], a state of restiva-
ncss, or obstinacy. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. A term modt fr^uent in
regard to a horse's behariour,
but not unusual in its applica-
tion to persons. Wh. Gl. aaj. also
common; gon.
Beb [nib], rib ; Kidd.
HID-TORKSniRE GLOSSARY.
Ill
Beokling frek-lin] ; or SaoUingf
[nAk'luil, applied to a puny, or
rickety child \ also, to ajiimnls
(particularly to swine), a rrrkling
Ming employed to denote the
last young one of a litter. [Cf.
Icel. reklingr, an outcast, —
W. W. 8.]
Heokoa [rek-u'n], au apparatus
attached to a chimney-bar, and
used for suspending veHaela over
the fire. The form Tories, but
is usually a flat bar of iron,
hook-shaped at one and, and an-
gular at the other ; drilled, also,
irith a number of holea, one
above the other, to receive a pot-
hook, which, siidiug througn a
hole in the bottom piece of the
Ttckon, can bo put to additional
use in diminiahing or extending
the veesel's dietance from the
top of the fire. X'A. 01. ; gon.
' Binging the reckon ,' by way of
pfDcloiming a stroke of good
fortune, is not at all times a
mere figure of spooch, but is a
custom often humorously re-
sorted to within-doors.
BAckon-crook [relcu'n-kr:th'k] ;
or Beckon - cruke [mku'n -
kriwk], the hook atbtohed to
the ' rtrton ' {lerY The firrt form
appears in the Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Red [rwl-, rid], v. a. to unlor>se,
or unravel ; to unriddle ; Mid.
' Btil me that out, wilt OiouP '
[Red' niu dhaat' oot', wi tu ?],
Unravel me that, will you ?
Bsek [reek], stock, i. e. in a'Jso-
ciation with race, or linen^;
but employed with an iU-moiin-
iug; gen. ' They arc a bad
nrk.' ' Aye, and they como of a
Iwd Ttek' [Dhur- u baod" reek"
,' dhe 'kuom' u u bood'
str
Reek [reek], sb. and v. n. a
state of hot anger ; Uid. The
verb is apt to undergo a vowcl-
ohange. [Oo i diz' rih-'k I], Uow
ho does rffk ! or, fume.
Reek [reek-, rih'k], v. n. and
sb. to amoko, or I'mit vapour.
IUeky[roek-i], adj. smoky. Wh.
(U. ; gon. to the county.
Reiffhtle [reyt-u'l], v. a, to put
to righta; Biid. 'Nay, reighlle
thyself up a bit before thou
goes, or thou 'U flay the crows
on the road ! ' [Ne-h', rejtTi'l
dhisen' ;uo'ti u bit' ufuo'h' dhno
gaanz', u dhuol' ll:o'h' t krao'h'z
ut' r:uo'h'd], or you will Mghton
the crows on the way.
Hemling [rim-lin], remnant;
Mid.
Semmle [rem-u'I], v. a. to beat
with a stick, but cither in sport,
or without real angry feeung;
Mid. The word is mostly used
in playful throat. ' Como, come,
that 'athy gran'dad'achair; he'll
bo for remmling of theo if thee
doesn't got out of it ' [Kuom',
kuom*, dhaata- dhi graan'dad
che'h'r ; eel' hi fu rem'Iin ao
dhu, if- tu disTi'nt gif oo-tont-].
' They want renimiiiij well, for
their own good' [Dhe waant'
rcm-Un wee'l, fa dhur* ao'h'n
gih^'d] or [giwd], as some of th«
old people would say.
Remmon [rimun], v. a. to shift,
or remove. \Vh. 01.; Mid.
'The place is juat as it was —
thou 'a rrmmonetl nought, I aee'
[T plih''a iz' juort' uz- it" waar-
— dhuoz' rim-und -naowt', Aa
Bocs'l. I. f. the room has not been
tidied at nil.
Render [rin-d'ur], v. a. t« melt,
or boil down. ' Iteiulrreil fat,'
dripping. Kendermenta [lin--
d'uinents], sb. pL portions of fat,
of all kinds, melted into a mass.
m. Gl. ; Ron. Equally applied,
as a plural torm, to the fat of
various kinds in separate |jor-
tions. AIho renderuig« [rin'-
d'rinz], sb. pL
Renill [rinalr], v. a. to rinse ; gen.
11-2
HID-TORKSniBE GLOSSARY.
It may be wortliy of a not^ that '
urrturh is pronoonoed identically.
[riwl, p. t of the Terb to
rote; Mia.
....^ {rizTil], the weaseL W7i.
GL; Mid.
Kick [rik-] ; orKich [Kich], Rich-
ard; gen.
Eilt [rift], V. n. to belch. Wh,
GL ; gen.
Big [rig-], rids*:-. Also applied j
to the lower part, or ridge, of the '
hark, and freely empl/iyed in j
place of this word- \Vh, GL ; .
cen. Old people are met with who
habitually add rh*], but when |
tlii<« \& the case t£e Towel is un- |
usually shrirt. [The original
eense of ridgt is hack, A.S.
Aryf/7, the back; also, a ridga —
W. W. S.]
Bigging [riginl, the roof-timbere,
or rafters. Bigging-tree [ri^g*-
in-t*rce"], the beam constituting '
the ridge of the root Wh, GL ;
gen. pTrey] is the frequently
used refined form of the last
word.
Biggie [rigni'l] (commonly spelt
wrigglt), v. n. to swav with the
back, with a short, quick motion,
as sheep do when standing in
flock ; gen.
Bight [reet-], v. a. to put to
rights, literally and figuratively ;
but more particularly employed
in place of the verb to comh,
Righting-conibrroet-in-ki**h'm],
a hair - comb. To * right out,*
to comb out. Bighting [reet 'in],
pres. part. IfVi. 67. ; gen. These
are common sfiuthem forms,
too. At I,oe*ls, rightcner [rejrt*-
nu] is also used of a large-
toothed hair-comb. I^ash, y. a.,
liash-coxnb, sb. are aLso more
or less employed generally in the
coiuity. Laaher, sb. as applied
to a large-toothed comb is heard,
too. This is the most favoured
form amongst imcouth speakers
in sonthem localities.
Bijght-on-end [reef-im-ind-], adj.
in a straight course. Wh, GL;
gen. Also, used to signifr on
etk*f, or the right way up; as
when one is told to roll a banel
to a spotf and place it Hghi-^m-
end ; or, to lilt up a loose whe^
and place it right-on-end against
the walL
Bigmarowl [rig'maraowl], a
drunkard, familiarly ; Mid.
Bim [rim*], a spoke^ or ' rung * of
a ladder ; Mid.
Bimrace [rim'ri"h*s], a very small '
seam of ore — say, about half an
inch in thickness ; Nidd.
Bind [nia-nd, naa'vndl. See
Hind.
Binge [rinj-], y. n. to whine, in
pain ; to utter a low sharp cry of
distress, when this is yisible.
•* * To rinqt and twist ' " — ^to com-
plain, with an expressdon of
acute feeling in the countenance.
Binge, sb. also, a sprain. TTA.
GL ; Mid. * I've got a ri;f^inmy
shackle' [Aa*y git'u'n u rinj* i
maa* ehaak'nU. have sprained
my wrist. In tlie first sense, the
form is, also, common as a tub-
Btoudir, [Obviously a mere va-
nation of wrench, pronounced
[rinsh-].-W. W. S.]
Bipple [ripu'l], y. a, to scratch
slightly, dra^-ing blood, but not
causing a flow. If7i. 67.; gen.
The suhstautiit is equally com-
mon, and may be implied in the
Tl'^. 67. It is not limited in
application. Parting a layer of
dust on the floor with the' point
of a stick would, r. g. create a
ripple, A mark across the grain
of wood, as if where a saw had
just grazed, would be called a
ripple, too.
Bisement [raa*zmunt], an increaso
in price, or wages; gen. 'His
wages have always been the
same ; he *s never had any cf
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
113
your ruemenU ' [Iz* we*h'jiz ev
yaal'us bin* t si'h m ; 'eez* nivnir
ed' aon*i u yu 'raa'zmunts].
Kring [raa'zin], yeasty or any
subfltitute, usually gets this name ;
gen.
Sift [net*] ; or Bust [most*], sb.,
Y. n., and y. a. rest ; Mid. The
old people cling to the last form.
Sive [raa'v], v. a. and sb. to tear ;
gen. The Wh, Gl. quotes the
verb. In Mid-Yorks. the word
is also occasionally heard auh-
stantivdyj to denote a tear-drop.
It is never heard in the plural.
Boven [rovu'n] ( JT^. (?/.), one
of the forms of fiie per/, part,
Sob [Rob-, Raoh-*b, Ruoh-'b];
or Bobin [Bob'in, Baoh*'bin,
Buob'in, Buoh**bin] ; or Hob
[Ob*, Aoh*T)], Robert ; gen.
Xocktree [rok-t'ree** (and) t*rih'] ;
cr Balk [bao'h'k], the large
swinff-bar, belonging to traces,
to which smaller bars are at-
tached when additional horses
are yoked to an implement, or
vehicle; gen.
Boke [ruoh-'k], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to perspire heayily; a state
of exh^tion. JVTi. Gl, (sb. and
adj.) ; gen. ' He sweats and rokes
like an old horse' [Ee 'swi'h'ts
un* 'ruoh'^ks laak un* aoh*'d
*ao6']. * He fair (quite) rokes wet'
[I fe'h'r ruoh''ks weet*], said of
an animal from which a dense
Tapour is rising. * Boh/ weather '
means a warm, yaporous state
of the atmosphere.
Book [rook'], a bundle, as applied
to doyer ; gen.
Boupy [roop-i, raowp-i], adj.
hoarse - voiced. * Rouped up,*
closed in the throat, necessitat-
ing laboured, or feeble speaking.
Wti, Gl, ; gen. Boup is also a
verb active^ but infrequent in
use. In this, as in other words
of the same class, with their de-
riyatiyes, the yowols [oo] and
[aow] have about an o(jual uso,
and are employed indiscrimin-
ately in both vulgar and refined
speocn.
Bousle [roo'zu'l], v. a. to rouso:
Mid.
Bent [root*, raowt*], v. a. to
search, employing the hands ;
to dragfortn ; to bring to view ;
gen. The Wh, Gl, has to * rout
about,' with a general explana-
tion.
Bout [root', raowt'], v. n. "To
low or bellow, as cattle." Wh,
Gl, ; Mid. Also, to bellow, or
speak boisterously, and, at times,
employed as a suhstantive,
Beuter [root''ur, raowt*'ur], y. a.
and v. n. to search amidst a con-
fusion of things; to turn out
mixed contents, for examination,
or tidying purposes. Boutering
time [raowt''u'rin taa*m], a
house - cleaning, or other such
time. Wit, 01. ; gen. Both
terms are also employed B^ibstan^
tively in the senses indicated.
Bouter [root''ur, raowt*' url, a
rushing or confused noise of any
kind; a commotion, or 'to do.'
Wh. 01, ; gen. The verb is also
employed.
Bonter [roo't'ur], sb. and v. n.
loud empty talk ; Mid. * What 's
he standing routering there at P '
rWaats' i 8taan*in roo'tu'rin
dhi-h'r aat- P]
Bonty [rooti, raowt 'i], adj. rank
and coarse, as applied to grass.
Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Bow fraow], y. n. to engage in
hand - labour vigorously, and
with commotion. TF%. 0/.; gen.
Also in use substantively,
Bowan-tree [raowun-t'ree"! ; or
Bown-tree [raown*-t'ree"J, the
mountain-ash, much used in a
variety of superstitious ways as
a preservative against witchcraft.
Wh. 01. ; gen. The refined
8
114
yiD-TORKSHIIU: GLOSSARY.
fonui Mre ^nnr'uii ^aikd] rmm*-
trey].
Bowhead fraow-i-h'd (and)
yi"h'd], a hobgoblin ; Mid.
Bownd [raownd* j. the roc of fish.
FFA. Oi.; gen-
Boy [raoyj, v. n. to indulge in
reckless oondnct The word is
perhaps oftenest heard with on
following adverbially, as in the
Wh, Gl.^ but the ad^tion is not
obligatory. * He drinks and
rcy$ at t* end on 't ' [I d'ringks*
nn* rao-yz nt* ind* ont]. He
'drinks' and is reckless to an
extremity; 2£d.
Bozzil [rozil] ; or Bnssel [raosil],
T. n. and t. a. to wither. The
Wh. GL quotes " rtutelVd,
withered as an apple," but the
verb, though oftenest heard in
connection with orchard -fruit,
has no restriction. The first
Terb is, however, in most use.
Buck [raok-] ; or Buckle
[ruoktrl] ; or Bockle [rok'u 1],
a pile ; usually applied to one of
b^n-sheaves. A ruckle of these
are four, bound together at the
top. The two first forms are
general; the last a Mid- York-
bhire.
Bud [niod-l; or Bed-md [rid*-
ruod*], red ochre. Wh, GL ; gen.
Buddock [ruod'uk], a robin ; gen.
Bud-stake [ruod-stili'k], a stake
to which cattle are fastened in
the bam. Wh, GL ; gen.
Buff [ruof], applied to the moon's
halo ; gen. It is looked upon as
a sign of rain.
BuUey [ruolil, a waggon, with-
out sides, ana very low in build,
used in market -towns where
business is going on; Mid. A
reduced form of the * wherry'
employed by the railway carriers
of the southern manufacturing
toTms.
El mbtstlcal [ruombuos-tiku*l],
adj. of a ocMiae tmbolent ad-
dress, with ventnreaoimey 001T&-
sp<»uiing manners. WK GL;
gen.
Bamptiflli [raom'sha'n], a com-
Qotion. ir%. GL ; Mid. Bainp-
ture [mom't'ar}, also, for a
tumultaoos outbreak.
Bung [niong']. The rungs of a
cart are the topmost side por-
tions; gen.
Bunnel [ruonil], a rimlet, or
rill. Also, a fdnneL TTA. GL ;
Mid. There are also emploved
runlet [mon'lit] with the hrst
meaning, and tonnel [tuon'il]
with the last ; these forms being
generaL
Buxity [monii], adj. short-set^
active, and harav in appearance.
it;.. GL ; Mid. ' The t is dental
in some cases.
Bush [ruosh'l^ crowd ; a merry-
making. Wh, GL; Mid. In
several Yorkshire localities, the
term is applied to the yearly
feast-days.
Buttin|^ [mot -in z], sb. pi. animal
entrails. Wh. GL : Mid. Also
shortened to ruts [ruots*].
Buttle [ruotu'll, v. n. to rattle,
usually applied to throat-sounds,
and particularly to the noise
heard from a dying person, too
weak to make the effort to
breathe. ^Vh. GL ; gen. Also,
common as a mbttantivt,
Sackless [saak-lus], adj. and sU
innocent; Mid.
Sad [saad*], adj. heavy ; in a co-
hesive, moist state, as applied to
substances. Wh, GL;sen, *As
sad as a dumpling' [Uz* saad*
uz* u duom'plin]. *As sad as
liver * [Uz* saad* uz* livuj
Sag [saag-], V. n. and v. a. to
gain in bulk, from overweight,
as when a full sack on the back
of a horse inclines, or tags^ on
MID-TOUKSHIUK GLOSSARY.
llj
one side until it *sags oyer' [saagz*
aowhV]. J\li. Gl. * Sagijd out *
[saagd* oot*], also common ; gen.
8ai*m [se-h'm, si-h'm], liog*s-lard.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Saint Pawsle [Saant- (and)
Sih-'nt Pao-h'sull; Mid. **In
a district of the North Biding,
this mythical saint is a subject
of constant allusion, as one hay-
ing superlative excellencies, but
a saint whose day in the calendar
never comes. Of a bright copper
show - kettle, it will be said :
•That's for better days than
Sundays: it's for St PawsJp'a^
and St Pawsle e'ens' [Dhaats*
fur* bet^'u di'h'z un* Suon-duz :
its* fd Su'nt* Pao'h'su'lz, un*
Su'nt* Pao'h'su'l eenz]. One
youth will say to another :
• When 's thou going to don thy
new coat, Kich ?^ * O^ St Pa wale's '
[Winz* dhoo* boon* tu don* dhi
nih-' kuo'h't. Rich* ? U Su'nt*
Pao'h'su'lz], will be the evasive
response." The above appeared
as a communication to Notes and
Quep'e^, several years ago, but
elicited no reply. [Clearly a
corruption of * Saint AposthJ
The vagueness is due to the in-
tentional refraining from men-
tioning which apostle. — W. W. S.]
Sai'r [se'h'r], adj. the pronuncia-
tion of sore. Employed, also,
as an adverb, Wh, GL ; gen.
Sai'ry [se-h'rij, adj. in a sickly
state. Wh. GL ; gen.
Sai'ry [seh-'ri] ;orS6ary [suoh'ril;
or Surry [suori, sur-i (rof.)j,
adj. sorry ; gen. The first forms
usually precede a noun, especially
if CTaphasis is required. * lie 's
a soary friend' [iJez* u 'suoh^'ri
fiind*]. * Themes Mt»Vy c6al;
they won't bum' [Dhemz* seh*'ri
kuo-hl ; dhe win'ut baon*]. The
first form belongs to Mid- Yorks. ;
the second is most usual in the
north; and the last is always
used in refined speech. Soiuy I
is a south-west form, too, but
rarely with a long vowel sound,
and in little character.
Sam [saam*], v. a. to gather ; gen.
Also, to curdle (v. n. Wh, GL) :
Mid.
Samcast [saamkaast, saam'kcst],
sb. sing, and plur. a farminc^-
term for land ploughed in
breadths of five or six yards;
Mid. *I am bo^Ti (going) to
plough in samcast ' [Aa'z boon*
to ploo i saam*kaastj. The fur-
rows are not * crossed,' or tra-
versed, but merely exist as drains.
[The prefix sam in Old English
is cognate with, not borrowed
from, the Latin semXf with the
same sense. Thus, samrede =
half red, half ripe, is used of
cherries in Piers the Plowman,
C. ix. 311. Hence samcast is,
literally, half-cast ; meaning,
perhaps, partially ploughed. —
yV. yy, S.J
Saptoppin [saap-topin], a want-
wit; Mid.
Bark [saa-k], a shirt. Wh. Gl ;
gon.
Sarra [saar*u] ; or Sarve [saa-v],
V. a. and v. n. to serve; gen.
The last form is usually employ-
ed before a word beginning with
a voweL * Away with thee and
sarra V pigs ' [Uwi'h' wi dhu
un* saar'u t pigz*]. Wh, GL
Sarrowings [saar*u-inz], sb. pL
slops or messes for the pig-
trough {Wh, GL); gen.; or, for
cattle; Mid. Occasionally, in
Mid-Torkshire, the word is used
for the quantity of rnillc yielded
by one cow.
Sathan [Selr'thun], is often the
pronimciation of Satan, When
the V only is sounded, the word
is [Sih-'tun] ; ref. [Se-h'tun],
the vowel being invariably long
in the last form ; gen. Both theso
may be often heard with a
dental t.
116
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Saul [sao'hl], the pronunciation
of 9oul; gen.
g^iiniftg [saoh-'mus (but with the
first vowel often long)], lit. Saul-
mass, the feast of Ail Souls,
November 2. Saumas - e*en
t''8aoh**mus-ee*n]. Saumas-cake
-kih*k1, a small fruit-cake, pre-
pared for eating on this day.
nh. Gl. The preparation of these
cakes is alluded to in the Wh,
01, as a custom known in the
locality in the early part of the
centuiy. It yet lingers in Mid-
Yorkshire.
8aii*t [sao'h'tl, v. n. and v. a. to
saunter ; Mid.
Saut [8aoh**t], the pronunciation
of tali, and usual to the class of
word. Wh, GL; gen.
Sawcome [8:ao'h'kum], sawdust
Wh, Gl, ; Mid. See Ck>om in
R D. S. Gloss. B. 7.
Say [se'h*, sih'], v. a. and sb. to
control, by word of mouth. Also,
to convince. Saying, and sayed,
past and pre& parts. The last
form is exampled in the Wh, Gl, ;
gen.
Scaddle [skaadu'l], adj. timid,
usiially applied to a horse ; gen.
Scalder [8k:ao-h*d*ur], v. a. to
leave the appearance of a blister-
ed, or chafed place. An * angry *
place is also so designated. Wh,
GL ; Mid.
Scale [ske'hl], v. a. and v. n. to
scatter ; Mid. As a neuter verb,
its use is infrequent.
Scallibrat [skaalibraat], a " pas-
sionate or screaming child." Wh,
GL ; Mid. A romping, rudely
boisterous child also gets the
name.
ScaUion [skaalyun], a leek. Wh,
GL ; Mid.
Scamperil [skaam-pu'ril], a scamp-
ish juvenile; Mid.
Scar' [skaa'r], scare ; gen. * It
put such on (of) a acar' on them
that they never dared go again
[It* puot* sa'yk* n u "skaaT on*
nm' ut' dhe mv'or *daa*d gaang*
ugi'h'n].
Scarbro'-row [Skaabru-raow].
When sufficiently used tea-leaves
have more water added to Hhsm,
it is a humorous proceeding to
give a shaking to the tea-pot,
which action is called a Searbn^-
row ; an alluBion, it may be sup-
posed, to the exigencies associated
with the lodging-houses there.
The same process is also called,
' a mantua-maker's ([maan*ti-
maakuz]) twist ; ' Mid.
Seand-liton't! [skaoh'*d.Utont:]
an imprecation, used in anger,
but meaningless. Wh, 01, ; Mid.
[Formerly, the meaning was
clear, viz. ' a scald light on it ! '
A Kaldf or «ca//, is a sort of scab.
See Levit. xiii. 30.— W. W. S.]
Seanm [skao'h*m], insincere talk ;
banter; Mid. One listening to
a letter being read will, at a
characteristic passage, say of tho
writer, * That s like his $caum '
[Dhaats* laa'k iz' skao'h^m], like
his trick of talk ; being more
humorous than ^oere. The
term is also applied to scornfully-
abusive language. It is also
used as indicating the appearance
of scorn ; Mid. * Ana die had
such a Bcaum in her £Eu;e all tho
time she was going on ' [Un*
shri'h'd 'sa'yk u skao*h*m i ur*
fi'h's yaal* t taa'm shu wur*
gaan'in aon*].
8caii*my [skaoh-'mi], adj. gaudy ;
Mid.
Scaup [skaoh'*p], the pronuncia-
tion of sailp. The top of tho
head, or skuU, when hairless.
Also, a stony or rocky surface.
Scaupy, adj. Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Scirwhew [sku'wiw], adv. awry;
Nidd.
Sconce [skaons*, skons*, skaoh'^ns],
a bcrcen. Used, also, in figure ;
MID-TORKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
117
Mid. A * firo - sconce ' [faayr-
Bkons]. A beggar "will carry
a baskot holding a few wares for
' a bit of a sconce,* i. e. in pre-
tence of being a dealer.
Sconce [skons-], v. a. to seat
one's self; to couch, resting on
the limbs. Also, substantively,
for a fixed, shelf-like seat ; gen.
The word is in greatest use as a
verb,
Scopperil [skopTil, skuopiil], a
teetotum. Wh, GL ; gen.
Sconce [skoos*, skaows*], v. a.
to seize and beat, with ti^o open
hand. Wh, QL ; Mid.
Sconch [skooch'l, v. n. to conchy
or stoop low ; Mid.
Sconrge [skwno-h'j] ; or Sconrgy
fskwue'ViiJ, a short whip, tiie
lash of which ii
horse-hair.
is usually made of
Scow [skaow] ; or Scowder
tskaow'd'ur] ; or Scowderment
skaow*d'ument], a cleaning bout
of any kind ; the confused noise
of any pr ocess performing by
hand. Wh, OL ; gen. The two
first forms are also in use as
neuter verbs,
Scraffle [skraafni'l], y. n. to con-
tend with the hands, as amidst
a throng, for place or position ;
or, in a reaching struggle for
something held out. Wh, 01, ;
gen. Also, substantively.
Scram [skraam*1, v. a. and sb. to
gather &om me ground, by as
many as the hand can at once
seize; gen.
S cramp [skraamp*], v. a. to
^ther, clutchingly, as in a chil-
dren's scramble for nuts; Mid.
Alludins to a per8on*s sayings,
it will be said, * He 's gotten it
(the money) scramped together,
somehow' [Eez* git*u*n it
skraampt* tugid''ur, suom'oo"].
Scran [skraan*], food, familiarly.
Scran -time [skraan* - taa**m],
food, or meal-timo. Wh, GL;
gen. *He'd neither scrip nor
scran* [Id* ne'h'd'ur skrip* nur*
skraan*], had nothing, or, was
worth nothing at all. [Cf. IceL
skran, rubbish, marine stores. —
W. W. S.]
Scrapple fskraap-ul] ; or Scrop^le
SiiopTil], y. n. to struggle with
e hands ; Mid. Of a delirious
person, it will be said, that she
' did nought but jolder (jolt) her
head about, and scrapple* [did*
naow't bud- jaow'ld'ur u yi'h'd
uboot* un* skrop'ul].
Scrat [skraat*], y. a., y. n., and sb.
to scratch. Also, in the sense of
to * tussle ' or struggle for a bare
Hying. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Scrat [skraat*], the deyil. Usually
with the prefix Old [aoh-'d].
Wh, 01, : gen. flcel. shratti, a
goblin, a devil.— W. W. S.]
Scrawm [skrao'h'm], y. a. and
y. n. to scribble, in long charac-
ter; to smear, in up and down
lines ; to grope, with great action
of the hands. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Also, substantively,
Scrawt [sknao'h'tl, y. a. to scratch,
leaving a mai^. Scrawty
rskriao-h'ti], a4j. Wh, 01,; Mid.
The first form is also employed
substantively.
Screed [skree'd], sb. and v. a.
a long shred, or border, of paper,
or any similar material; gen.
Wh, 61. As an active verb, the
word is in common use. * Screed
that bit off,, the whole length '
rSkree'd dhaat* bit* aoff*, t yaal«
lenth*].
Screeding [skreed'in], a scolding-
match among women, when vio-
lence may go the length of tear-
ing, or screeding, the cap. Wh,
Gl, ; gen.
Screel [skri-h'l], y. n. and sb.
to cry, in a shrieking manner;
gen.
lis
KID-TOKKSaiBE GbOSAKT.
Sereelp«ke [Ekriblpnti'tl a
name beeUnred on A cfTiue dold ;
Mid.
Scribe [ghaa'b], an inscriptioik.
or vrinng. irh. Gl. ; IGd. As
a iMwkr nrt the term ia Bam«-
That more oommoD. It u also
occaeionall]' hwd mMaiiliWjr-
Berike [skraak]. t. n. to bctmhil
iri. ffl.; gCTL Equally com-
mon as a mbftoklirc.
Seriinp [skriinp'], a email por-
tion, or object; Mid. IT*. GL.
" KTimptf'\Aiim-pi]uid" terimit-
ed up [Ekrimpt' Dop'], adjs. ;
also common. (VL Eng. thrimp.
—W. W. S.]
Soog [skrog], a slirnb, or similar
etumpy growth. Scrag* (ITA.
Cr/. ), noderwood gcnetall j ; Mid.
Berowl [aktaowl], t. a., t. n., and
■b. to ecrawl; Mid.
Berubbls [skniob-n'l}, v. n. to
make shift laboriouHly ; Mid. A
i>erBon will say, ' I Ve to trrullAt
hard enough for my bit ' — for the
littlo he (or the) cams [,VaT tu
ekraob'u'l oa'd iui'h'f fu' maa*
bit']. The word conreys the
idea of ' hand-and-nail ' work.
Berndffe [skruodj*], t. n. and
y. a. to crowd up, or squeeze.
Scrowdge [skraowdj], Wh. Gl.,
poHt part., in use atiKi ; Mid.
Bcrnff [skruof-] ; or Scm&ieilt
[Hkruof-ment]i ecum, dross, or
other like impurity. Wh. Gl,
tho last form Doing given in the
plural, which is mora ueed than
the) siiif^ular in Mid-Yorka. and
Niiid. Befined speakers usually
drop tho » H^stemQtically in the
plural use of the last word ; and
in each there is a change of
vowel to [o] ; gen.
Bcniff [skniof-], to scrub lightly.
"ScrufQs ([skruof-in] sb,), a
long mop for cleaning the bottom
of the bakers' oven.''^ IF*. 01. ;
Mid. Hard vork of any kind
to no more
tbas termfimf. One will be told
to g«t a beHm and an/ the
taxaw off the dumaluue; by which
sentence it will he noderstcnd
that, from its paitiallf ioed atals,
only the sni&oe portuna can be
cleai«d to an J "^Jftt,
Seraffle [skniofvl], t. n. and >h
to contend, or oenffla. Alw,
figuratively, WK Ol. ; gen.
SermekingB [ikrnon-shim], ih
pL broken IiRMd in snail pu-
tiona, or Tictuals in lemunisg
morsda. WK OK : Mid. The
form employed in the mngnlar ii
uBoally acnmchiaon [umrai'-
SciT fskraa-l, t. a. to desoT.
Wh. GL: Mid.
Send [sknod-], t. a. to scrape,
with an implemenL ITA. 01. ;
Mid.
Bcnfter fakaof't'iirl, ▼. n. and
eb. to niir^. * I can bide an
honr, then I must be teuJUring'
[Aa' kun' baa'd un' oo-h'r, dhin'
Aa'mun' bi ekuof'fu'rin]; Mid.
Bcug [sknog], a sqturrel ; Mid.
Bctimfltli [skuom'fiBb], t. a. to
stifle, or suffocate. Wh. 01.
past part, also employed ; gen.
Sontcb [skuocb-], v. a. and sb.
to whip, or acourge ; Mid.
Scatter [skuot'ur], v. a. "To
run to waste, as a taper in a
wind." Wh. GL ; gen. Also, a
T. n., to run quickly ; or, to flow
&at, with a jerky movement, aa
the contents of a barrel when
unplugged.
Sua [si'h'], V. a. and t. n. to see.
This form is usually employed
before a cousonaat. It ia a con-
stituent in many in teij actional
phrases. ' Nobbut stt imta I '
[Naob-ut sib' buods-!]. Only
see, but! — only tee I 'Sfft t'e
huts I ' [Si'h'z tu buo'dz !], Look
yon, but I — look you I gen. In all
UID-TOBKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
110
"words where the vowel is [ee*], in
dialect speech, there is a tend-
ency to employ a fracture, and
to make the yowel a short one,
with a final element. But in
cases where the word is a mono-
syllable, this usage occurs by
rule in a very pronounced way.
In such common words as [dee'l
dicj [nee]] Amec, [woe*] we, [bee*1
he, [flee'Jy?y, [rree-J tree, and
others, true dialect sneakers make
the change insensibly before con-
sonants. Nor are indications of
this usage wanting in the refined
of these monosyllabic forms (as
[sey, dey, ney, wey,bey, fley*,
trey]), as employed by the
peasantry ; in two of the above,
[sey] and [bey']» the change is
often to [seyV] and [beyh*],
with distinctness ; but the nabit
in connection with these refined
forms is slight, and unfixed. In
only one word in southern dia-
• lect, see [see*, si'h'], does this
substitution of [i*h ] for [ee*]
occur.
Seagle [si-h'guUJ, V. n. to loiter
indolently; Mid.
Seak [sih'^k], p. t. of suck (in
dialect pronunciation [suo'k]) ;
Mid.
Seak [si-h*k], adj. sick. ' I was
neither aeaJc nor sore ' [Aa* waa
naowd*ur si'h'k nur' so*h*r], was
without an ailment. Used, also,
in relation to condition of mind.
Wh. 01. ; gen. Sek [sek*] is
employed as an adjective and
substantive, and is the refined
form.
S^akening [sih'knin], a child-
birth. Wh, OL; gen.
Sear [sih'r] ; or Snar [siwh'r],
adj. and adv. sure; gen. The
last form is often fseewh^r] in
emphasis. The quickest speakers
employ [siwh'r], and, unempha-
tically, [siwh'rj. The first form
often interchanges with [si'h'r].
In conversation, when the first
pers., pros, t, of to he occurs,
the verb is omitted, being ren-
dered unnecessary because of
the two e^B in conjunction. In
such a sentence as, * I shall soon
come,' where there is also this
order of contact, both «'s are
always heard — [Aa*z si'h'n
kuom]. The same forms of sure
are also employed for assure—* I
assured him it was true' [Aa*
si'h'd im* it waa t'ri'h'].
Seave [8i*hV], the common dry
rush. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Seeing-glass [see*in-dlaas], a
looking-glass. Wh, 01,; gen.
Seg [scg*] ; or Bulseg [buol'segj,
a sedge, or water-rush. Wn,
01, ; gen. An old Holy Thursday
custom prevails in many villages
of strewing segs over the door-
stones of houses. This custom
existed in York up to a few
years ago. A lady, long a re-
sident of the city, says she re-
members having seen Ousegate
— a main thoroughfare there —
with both causewajs covered, for
a long distance, with rushes.
Semmant [sim'unt], adj. slender.
Wh, 01. ; Mid.
Semmit [sim-it], adj. flexible.
Wh, 01, ; Mid.
Set [set*, sit*], V. a. to send forth ;
to place a value upon ; to accom-
pany iWh. 01,), *They were
setten home by half-past one**
[Dhu wu set*u'n yaam* biv
ao'h'f-paast* yaan*]. *He puts
great set on it ' [I puots* gut* set*
aont-l. *Who set thee?' 'I
wasnt setten; I came by my-
self' [We-h' set* dhu P Aa;
waa*nt set'u'n; Aa* kaam* bi
misel*]; gen.
Sets [sets*, sits*], an equivalent
for matters, or things, as usually
employed colloquially ; gen. *She
is no great sets of a lass ' [Shih*'z
ne'h' gri'h't sets* u u laas*], of
no great abilities, in respect of
120
MID-yORKSHraE GLOSSARY.
what IB being spoken of — not
much good for. ' How are you
to-day r ' ' No great $et9^ daxne,
thank you' [Oo* aa'r yi tu-di*h' ?
Ne*h' gut* sets*, di'hm, thengk*
yu].
Setten [sitni'n, set'n'n], used of
anything set or burnt to the
bottom of a yessel while on the
fire, as milk, for want of stirring
up, or potatoes, for want of a
shake in the pan; gen. The
word is usually followed by on.
Such is the case, too, with the
verb, to «ef , also in use. Setting
[sitinl, adj. Pot-sitten {Wh.
GL) [pot*-situ*n], *8ei on' or
burnt to the yessel used. * SeUen-
on' is also used adjectivally in
respect of food with a burnt
flayour; gen.
Setten- on [setm'n-aon*], adj.
dwarfed; gen. The participial
ending is a common addition to
yerbs.
Setter [setm, sitm], a seton.
}Vh, GL ; Mid.
Setty [set'i], adj. and adj. part,
conceited; Mid.
Sew [siw], p. t. of ««r, but also
used in the j^ewnt ; gen.
Shab [shaab], v. n. to act meanly.
VHi, 01 ; Mid.
Shackle [shaak-u'l], the wrist;
the ancle. The term * shackle'
end' is applied to the thin end
of any club-shaped article ; gen.
Shaf [shaaf •], the wrist, familiarly.
Shafinent [shaaf 'mint], sb. ( Wh.
OL) the wrisfs circumference;
Mid.
Shafie [shaaf'u'l], v. n. and v. a.
to shuffle. Shaffling, pres. part.
Wh, GL; Mid. Each of these
forms, verb and partidple, is also
heard as a subatantive in Mid-
Yorkshire.
Shaft [shaaft-] ; or Shav [shaav],
sheaf. The first is a Mid-Tork.
form. The last one is general,
and alone reoeiyee the • of the
pluraL
Shag [shaag-1 a large cut portion
of bread ; Kidd. A ' hntbeT-shag *
[buot''ur - shaag] is such a
portion buttered.
Sliak [shaak*], a large natmal
opening, or cayem ; Nidd.
Shakbag [shaak'baag], a lazy,
roying person ; ayagrant. Wh,
OL; liid.
Shak'.fork [shaak-fu'k], a straw-
fork. Wh, GL ; gen. 'An' there
it hung, like a bag of (on) a
«;*aAr'-/r/r*' [Un- dhih'r it- uong-,
laak u baag* uy* u shaak*-fu**k].
The last part of the compound
has often a medial yowel, fol-
lowed by a trilled r.
Shak*in [shaak-in], the ague;
Mid. * He 's at t' warst (at the
worst), like f third day aAoVtn'
gWz ut* t waa'st, laa'k t thaod*
'h' shaak'inl Said of a person
whose ill willnas culminated.
Shakripe rshaakiaa*p], adj. ripe,
and ready to £dl, at a shake, or
shock. Mostly iised with refer-
ence to fruit, but fireely applied
in a general way. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Shale [shihl, she-h'l (ref.)], v. a.
and v. n. to scale, or separate.
Wh, GL; gen. Also, subitan-
tivdy.
Sham [shaam-], y. a., v. n., and
sb. to shame ; gen.
Shandy [shaandi], adj. empty-
headed; crack-brained. Applied,
too, to a lean person. Wh, OL;
Mid. With tne first meaning,
employed, also, as a iubttantive.
Shank [sbaangk*], y. a. to walk,
or * foot' any distance. Shank-
nag [shaangk'-naag-] (ITA. OL)
is employed m an identical man-
ner, colloquially. Shank- weary
[shaangk'-wi'hV], adj. {Wh, OL)
** leg- weary"; gen.
Shawm [shaoh*'m], y. n. to gather
up a garment so as to admit the
inD-TORKSHIRE GLOSSART.
121
heat of a fire to tho feet and legs.
Shawxninfir fshaoh-'iniii], sb. a
' warming' of this nature. Wh,
Gl. : Mid.
Shearing-hook [shih'rin-dh'k], a
sickle; gen. Shear for reap is
general to the north.
Sheep-cade fsheep'-kih'd, sheyp**
keh'd (ref.)l a sheep -louse.
Wh. Gl, ; Mid.
Sheet-dance [sheet '-d'aans]. Eape
is thrashed on sheets ; the young
workers finding employment in
laying on the produce, while
the men use the flail. When
this labour is ended, merriment
begins; and, after supper, the
young people resort to the bam,
whore there is dancing on the
<A«e< which has been in use during
the day ; and hence the associa-
tion; Mid.
Sherl [shu'l, shul*], v. a. and
▼. n. to slide. Wh, 01. ; Mid.
Most used when the act of sliding
involyes a trembling motion, as
in sliding any distance preci-
pitately. [Shol*] is also em-
ployed by old people, as in the
Wh. Gl.
Shibbins [shibinz] ; or 8h6aban8
rdii'h'bu'nz] ; or Shubbans
[8huob*u*nzj, sb. pL shoe-bands.
The first (Wh. Gl.) is a Mid-
Yorkshire form; the remaining
ones are general. Tho singular
form of each is also in common
use generally.
Shier [shaayh'r], spar. A work-
ing in a mine having a * sharp,
sparry* ajmearance is sliiery
[shaayh'nj ; Nidd. This is a
miner's explanation.
Shilbins [shil-binz] ; or Shilvinfl
[shil*Yinz], sb. pi. the shelvings
of a cart The singular forms
are also current ; gen.
Shill [shil*], adj. a weather term,
— sharply coli Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Shill [shil*], y. a. and v. n. to
shell, or unhusk. TF^. Gl. ; gen.
Shill [shil*, shih^'l], v. a and v. n.
to curdle ; to scum. Wh. 01. ;
Mid. Chiefly in use as an active
verb,
ShiU [shil-l ; or Thil [thU*] ; or
Limxner [lim'ur], the shaft of
a vehicle ; gen. * ShiU - horse *
[shil'-aos], the shaft-horse.
Shillock [shil'uk], v. n. to engage
in knitting, or * tatting,' with
wooden needles, in the case of
articles not requiring to be finely
worked. Wh. Gl. pres. part.,
also heard ; Mid.
Shim [shim*]^ v. a and sb. to
mark, as by the slip of an edge
tool; e. ^. as when a plane
swerves in a wrong direction.
Wh, 01. pres. part, also heard;
Mid.
Shine [shaa*n], a shindy. Wh.
Gl. ; gen.
Shinnops [shinmps], a youths'
game, with a ball and stick,
heavy at the striking end; the
player manoeuvring to get as
many strokes as possible, and to
drive the ball distances. Shin-
noping, for the game in opera-
tion, is given in l£e Wh. 01,, and
this form is also casually heard.
The first form is subject to tho
loss of the final «, and becomes
both a neuter and an active verb ;
Mid.
Shiv [shiv], a particle of husk.
Wh. Gl. : gen. In Mid-Yorks.,
also shav [shaav]. Shiwy,
and Shawy, adjs.
Shive [shaa'f, shaa'v], a thickly-
cut or sliced portion of anything,
but chiefly used of bread ; gen.
The Wh. 01. has the spelling
sharve [shaa*v], but though this
is a ^nerally current pronuncia-
tion ui the north of tne county,
it is most frequently employed
in connection with the verb, also
common. There is a correspond-
ing usage in southern speech,
lOD-TOEXSHXKE GIjO^ABT.
^/bemg liwi J v^n die vend
• ivi. Is HKlber am, *c baa
beco ir.tiir.*vd. » tl» rcl^ a
lipifoiu oope. l«J it U otir de-
puted tnna hr ij'«V"n vi» do
not OK tl^ £a^iix w^L ~n>e
letL lii/i if both t. nS'fb.,
nwaimifr to dice, or, • tlioe. —
W. W. S.]
Shof [sbi^l. T. ft. utd bIl to
JijVc^ in a jerking nuuuwr; alao
(ued in a Mnrfcr aaue, — to jog
ImTih-, or jolt along. ITL Gf.
pajt put^ vitb the Gist mean-
lug. aJao tisard ; gen.
Sho^le [ahog-atl, t. n. and r. a.
tojc^gle. m. GL; gen.
Shool [shoo-l], T. a. and di^tlj
» > T. n. to introdD. ShJoral
[shooi'a'l] ia alao in oocasioDal
miive ute vith thia meaning. It
maj be noted, in paamng, that
tho pnmimciiition of ikovtl, rh.,
■■ in correspondence with that
of the Terb queued, [ahoo-l] being
the oommoneat form. The Wh.
GL haa ahoolar, (or "one who
gnce a thcoling : " together with
uiia partidple ; Uid.
Bhoon [ahoo-n]; or Shdaii
[shuob-'n] ; or Sh£an [shi'h'n] ;
or Shnn rahnon']; or Shnne
Sthiwn], shoes. Ibe four first
irnoB are beard in Mid-Tork-
■hire, aa ia the last one occasion-
allv, but tbi« belongs to Kidder-
dato. They are nwd aa freol;
in tho nngular aa the pluraL
'There's an odd shoe of some-
body's here' rDhi'h's un' od'
siu'h'n u Buom'bood'iz i'h'r].
SboOT [shiHir-J, V. a. to moke the
noise indicated by a loud utt«r-
auco of ' ahoo ! ' with a forceful
$h and prolonged vowel-sound,
. aa uaod m UKiug on fowl, start-
ling and frightening away birds,
&o. Wh. 01. ; Mii
SllffrA [ehuo-)i'r}, sewer. This
word la most common to the
south, but is known to the north
AffaA &e nfiD«d ^eedi at
fgch jJsnws as Ytak, wlten the
fcrs H 'AaoVr". Tbe paasant
" " " irdri-h'nl;
with
being «in
n [sfanio'li'ts (and
[«h.-a-t»^ ret, but cmnnton) im
Bow-h's , a [JiiBae onployvd an^
Maalirclg, aod cqninJait to tbs
otmut one (with txanaposed
rxtii.;!^ -How long did
it nwd to take him to oooie?'
'NaT, bain, there was no ds-
pendeiica on him — he came at
all ikortt aad otcert ' [Oo' laang"
did' it' riws tn taak- im' tn
kno'm f Xie'h', be'h'n, dim waa
ne~k' pen-dnna on' im'— i kaam'
nt' yaal~ duno'h'ta an' aowh'a],
came at all times, ' long and
abort,' before bemg doe, and
when OTcr-due. The Towel of
the second form of the first word
is aa freqnently short in quan-
tity, and ifl commonly heara too,
though a refined form also.
Bhot^iee [shot-- (and) ahuot--M-s],
appliad to an unbroken sor&cv
of loe. Wh. 01. : gen.
ShsBt [shoot-, shsowt' (lef.)], a
gratu^tive ceremoar on the oc-
casion of a child being bom ;
Mid. When the birth is looked
for immediately, the neighbouis
are summoned, and each attends
with a warming-pan, bat thia ia
not put to any use. After the
event, a festive hour is spent,
when each person is expected to
favour the child with a good
wish. In tho eastern part of
tho county the same ceremonv
is called a sickaiiing [d-h'kninj.
Bhred [shred-], v. n. and t. a. to
lop, or cut ofl; Uid. The word
has the usual meaning of tAmJ,
too, v. a. and sb., and in each
case the vowel interchanges witb
MID-TOItKSniRE GLOSSARY.
123
Shrow [eltTaow-l, the pTonuuck-
Mon oiihrtw ; llid,
Sbat [shuot'j, T, a. and t. n, the
pronuuciation of thoot, peculiar
to the word ; gen.
Shot [ahuot*], V. a. to get rid of;
gen. 'He could fend for him-
self well enoagh if he didn't ihut
f (the, for Aia] addlinga in drink '
[I kuod' fen' fur' izseV wee'l
nni-h'f if- i did'u'nt Bhaot' t
aad'linz i d'ringk'], could con-
tnve for himself welt enough if
he didn't get rid of hia eammge
in ale. The preporition on (=o/)
TMy firequently followa, ae in
the Wh. 01., but the vowel in
the verb itself, as exampled there
the present gloaaary bears refei-
Shtttten [shuot-u'n], p, t. of ehut ;
^. In the Wh. 01. the word
IS followed by up, hut thie ad-
dition ie merely pennissihle.
The ending «n is also acquired
when tiie verb has a Tarjing
meaning : «. jr. to get rid of.
See Shut.
fiida [saad], v. a, and v. n. to put
tonghta.ortidr; gen. Wh. GL,
aide-up, and aided-np, in the
past- The added word, though
CoiQinon, is not necessary, tao
Terb being quite as much used
alone, in our own localities.
The yetb also becomes aiden
Saa'du'n] ; pp. [eaa-du'nd], and
ose forms have, likewise, a
frequent association with up.
Sideling [saadlin], adj. artful
and unsiraigbtforward in dis-
course and manner. Wh. Gl. :
gon. Also sideler [saa'dlu], eh.
Sie [saa-, sey (ref.)], t. n. and
T. a. to stretch, by a natural
process of expansion^ as a new
cost by wearing, grain by soak-
ing, or a door of wood under
certain influences of temperature.
Sie-oat [sna'-oot-], Wh. Q/., b
a much-UBod compound, but its
second part may be diamisBed at
pleasure; gen. [The original
sense of A.S. <%an is to subside,
to settle down, to sink. See Bie,
eb.— W. W. 8.]
Sift [saay, saa], ab. and v. n. a
smallest visihle portion or wet-
ting of liquid — something lesa
than a drop, and not more than
a'tuuch'; gen. 'There isn't a «ta
left' [Dhur- iz-u'nt u -saa- lift-].
A Teeset which has been sub-
merged, and afterwords turned
upaide down, for the moisture to
evaporate, has, when dry, ' aied
itself clean ' [saa'd itaen* tli'h'n] ;
and when another drop of tea
cannot form itself on toe end of
the tea-pot spout, the hquid is
said to have 'all titd out' [yaal*
saa'd oot]. The word is also
used both tubitaniively, and as an
active verb, with the shade of
meaning in the Wh. 01. — 1. 1. as
indicating a very slight appear-
ance of discolouration.
Siff [aif], V. n. to draw breath,
or mhale, by suction, as when
tho teeth are closed. Wh. 01. ;
Uid. Also, tubttantivtly.
Sike [saak, saayk-, seyk* (ref.)],
adj. such. Wh. 01. ; gen. Sikar
independently, is usually fol-
low^ by o), either immediately,
or with the intervention of a
noun. Bike is the form most
usually employed with a tub-
tiantivt power.
Bike. Variously heard as [saa'kl,
[saayk-], [sih-'k], [saoyk*],
[seyk], [sa'yk'], a watOTcouree;
gen. Applied to a natural ae
well as to an artificial stream;
the latter usually constructed to
receive the contents of field-
gutters, for discharge into the
river. The three liwt pronun-
ciations are different forms of
XTD-TORESHIXZ CtOSSABT.
flK nfiMi :s«'yv: •• tie «-
£ud fcum raMnl to EbM
Tock^in. '="«yk-3 U tlfc fcwtn
psnenl Ia t&e <aaL.tr. 'soa-k
u tbe ICd ' TOTUiire Tnlnr
fonD, y*t l*« in use thwi :«» Tkrj.
fT«L »!, » ditai, « tittth.—
W. W. 8.]
8ikker [rik-wl, idj. rare— mb-
mUj ttT"'"^ -ri^ tfai* vtitd in
Hi'^ir-*" phiaM, aiuiwniio of
emphatie beliet 'I'm nUn-
•Da rare ' [Aai sktiT on- s'fa'r^,
ocvtain aiMsaie; Mid.
Bile [.Mi Byyl-. "eyl" («t)].
filtntion: to Cunt;* to glide
•wBj bodily. In the fint aoue, '
the TCTb IB «Iao employed od iWjf.
Wh. 01. : efn. [TbB vb. rile, to
filter, ia derired from A-S. i*j«"«,
torabidde. See Sie.— W. w! S.]
SOe [ia*-l, «aajl-, seyl" (ret)l, a
atrainer. The milk-aile [milk'-
MUL-1] oaoally ajuven aJl pnr-
poeea, and la a tin or irooden
Tcnel, wide at the moatb and
uarrow at the atisining part.
Bile-brig [wa-l-biig], a wooden
frame to ty acroee the veaeel,
for reating Qie tile, while ita con-
tents ara being reoeiTed. IFA.
Gl. ; gen.
Simple [sim'pi'l]' *''J- lo^-lx*™ '■■
Mid. XowClao-hTiamorenaod-
Beo 0«nUe.
Sin [Bin-] ; &r Syne [B:aa-yn,saaTi],
Srep. and adv. sinoe ; een. The
rat form is most aaual as ft pr«-
lion. and the last as an odtwrb,
'n] being the commonest
pronimciatioD.
Sllld [eind-], t. a. to rinse ; Mid.
Siud-out [aind-oot-] do*8 dut>'
as a neuter vtrb, and in the -patt
ia ezamiJed in the Wh. 01.
SintenMiiiter fsin't'usaoh'nt'uj,
T n. to saimier or pace along
lazily; Mid. Wh. Gl. pres.
part Some speakore do nol
mako the Cs of this word dental ;
■till irtaiihiMtwIlT iln
^e ^aa-p, ser-p fnL)\ t. n. to
dram, or cama a last portioD of
aT«wcL han gjn g wet d oth c aon
a line, tc Wi. Gl. ; gat.
^iper - m»et [npni-aao-h's), a
liqoid oonpomid of anT kind,
taken aa a idi^ to fboi Wh,
GL i Mid.
fipple [flpVl]. T. a. aod t. n. to
mp, ooatinnaiidy ; gai.
Stfut [fit-faast (aad ocewioii-
aUy with tbe final t dropped]], a
bomy BtffB. Wik. Gt, ; gen.
.'], T. a., T. n., and eb. to
' I pTodnne a aeetliing noiae ;
Sil \pi:
[na-xabuT], n^. fair,
ca-good-aiasd; gai.
Bkeel Jskee-1], a daiir Teeael;
gen. The piggin [*k] is usually
employed to ladle, or as a fiist
receiver. The akMl ia a much
larger renel, and made to con-
tain as much aa can be well car-
ried — five or aix gallons. It is
of a conical shape, with a;
light handle ; thoo^ s>
two-handled.
Skel [skel]; or Skil [akil], t. a.
to oTertoin. Also, m some nae
MtMaitfirely. ' It has got a
*hI,'or 'Aa oxer' [Itg- pfn'n
u skil'] or, [ekil' aow'h'r] ; gen.
Skeller [skel-'or, skil-ur] ; or
8kell7 [ekeli, akilij, t. n. to
squint. Wh. Gl. ; Mid. Also
skel [akel-].
SkelUt [skL-lit, ekUit], a email
iron veesel, with feet and a long
handle, for use on the fire. Wh,
Gl.; Mid.
Skelp [skelp', Bkilp'], t. a. to
beat, m any manner, and not
merely "to beat or belabour
with the flat hand," aa in the
Wh. 01. ' He 's besD ikdping
on (= of) him wi' t' strap' [Ib*
bin' akel'pin on' im' wit- snaap'}
MID-TORESHIRE GLOSSART.
125
Also, a V. n. {Wh. OT), to walk,
or run fast ; and a aubetantive in
the sense before indicated. ' He
gaye me sucli a skelp * [I gaa mu
*saa*k a skelp*].
Skelping [skel'pin, skil'pinl a^j.
^plied to anything yery large.
G&elper [skel^pu, skil'pu], sb.
WK 01. ; gen.
8kep [skep-, skip*], "A round
basket, without a bow." Ap-
plied, also, to a basket-hiye —
* hee-skep ' [bee'-skep]. Wh. Gl.
Also, to a scuttle, as ' coal-«A:^ '
[kuo'hl-skep] ; or, to anything
scuttle-shaped, as a ' «A^j:>-bon-
net ' [skep-buonit] ; gen. fCf .
IceL $keppa, a measure, a busneL
— W. W. 8.]
Skew [skiwl, v. a. to propel, or
cast forth obliquely ; to twist, or
wrench. Wh. 01.; gen. Also,
substantively, in the last sense.
Skilly [skill], adj. having know-
ledge and abili^ ; cleyer. JTh.
01. ; Mid.
Skime [skiaa'ym, skaa'ml, v. n.
to glance, with distorted yision,
as m frowning a person down,
or displaying malignant feeling.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. Abo, a substan-
tive, [* * SlanfMy to look all around ;
of a restless and eager look ; "
Cleasby and Vigfusson's Icel.
Diet.— W. W. 8.]
Skimmer [skim'ur], verb impers.
shimmer; Mid. Wh. Gl., part,
pros., also used.
Skirl [sku-1]; or Skel [skel-l,
y. n. and sb, to screech. Wh.
01.; gen.
Skit [skit*], y. n. and y. a. to jibe
or sneer at pointedly : to cast
reflections. Skittish [skit*ish],
adj. satirical. JFh. GL ; gen.
Skiwer [skivur], a skewer.
Wh. Gl. Occasional to Mid-
Yorks.
Sknflf [skuof •] ; or Skiift [skuoft-],
sb. and y. a. the nape of the
neck; to seize, by this part of
the body. Wh. 01,; gen. In
Mid-Yorks., there are the addi-
tional substantiye forms skruff
[skruof*], and skruft [skruofb*],
which are also in some use as
verbs active. Skuft and skruft
are used as yerbs to indicate a
beating with the hands or fists,
and the first of these forms is
almost by rule disassociated from
the idea of any scuffle about the
neck, and means nothing more
than hard hitting in any part.
*Thoy began o' scu/ting one t^
other * [Dhu bigaan* u skuof tin
yaan- tidh'u], began to pommel
one another.
Slab [slaab*], v. n., y. a., and sb.
to sway about in bulk, as water
in a pail not full enough to
be carried steadily; gen. It is
usual to inyert a basin, or simi-
lar yessel, in a ' skeel ' contain-
ing milk, or other liquid, or, with
the first slab, there would be a
* blash ower.*
Slabby [slaab-i], adj. slight in
construction. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Slack [slaak*], a name usually
giyen to the bottom of a smaU
dale, haying little or no leyel.
Wh. 01. : gen.
Slake [sleh'kl, y. a. and sb. to
daub, or lick, leaying a mark;
to wipe oyer, and not to cleanse.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Slane [sle-h'n, sli-h'n], the smut
of com. Wh. 01. ; gen,
Slape [sleh'p, sli-h'p], acU. slip-
pery. Slape - shod [slih-'p-
shuod], said of the feet when
attempting slippery groimd.
Slape-tongued [slih-'p-tuon^l,
smooth - spoken, hypocritical.
Wh. 01. ; gen. In MM-Yorks.,
slape ana slapen [slih''pu'n]
are employed as verbs active, for,
to sharpen, or giye an edge to.
'Slape us that knife* [81eh-'p
uz* dhaat* naa*f], sharpen mo
126
HID-TOBKSHIRE GLOSSABT.
that kmfe. FolloTUg mUpe in I
the in. Q;. is " gUpen, to render
ilippery. Coimtry-folkB talk of
ttapmiKg the insidee of their
cattls by fpMvax them, oil and
other apenenta. The vord ia ,
pat to this nee in Uid-Yorks.,
alao. It likewise interchanges
Tlth alkpe, K^ierallj', aa an
adjtfiive. floeZ tUipr, slippery.
— W. W. 8.]
Slapi [elaaps*], sb. pL slops. SUp-
py [alaap-i], adj. Wh. Gl. ; gen.
Blftpitona [sUap-sta'n, sUap'-
ateh''u (and) Btih''D], a nnkatone.
Wh. Ol.; gen.
Slare [Bleh'i]. t. a. to half clean,
homedl^. SUr7, a4j. ( Wh. Gl.
— "sluttiali"); gen.
BlAiter [sleh-'stul v. n. to idle
aboat loongingly, or perfonn
irork in a carelees, uovenly
manner. Blaat«rer rsleh''s-
tnml, Bb. Slaatering; [sleh-'s-
frin](IPft.GI.): e«»-
Slftcter [eleh'stu], T. &. to floe,
or t^iastiae in any manner, wiUl
repeated, rapid blows. Blaater-
inB [aleh-'rfrin], ab. Wh. 01.;
Mid. The verb is always used
etreesfully, and witb soma to-
hemenoe. The last form is alao
employed aa an adjaiive. 'He
made a ilatUring speech ' [I
mi'h'd n 'Bleb'Wrin n)ih''ch],
made a ' slashing ' speecL
Blate [slieh't, sMh't], t. a. to set
npon; gen. 'Ill ilate my dog
against thine ' [Aa'l alio-h't -maa-
dog' vge'h'n -dhaa'u], will match
my dog (to fight) against yours.
SlaUier [slaad-'u], puddle, in a
thin state. SlatJLeiy [slaadh'-
u'ri (and occasionally with dental
d)], adj. Wh. 01. ; gen. Alao,
oonunon as an active verb,
Slather [slaod-'ur], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to spill ; gen.
Blatter [alnaf'ur], v. a. and sb.
to spill slightly, in volume ; gon.
To qiiU in grofttor volume is to
'alap'rslaap-]. [IobL tUUa, to
slap, dab ; naed of liqnida. —
W. W. a]
Slanmy [slao-h'mi], adj. of huge,
swinging proportions ; Mid. *A
great ilaunuf fellow was going
down the lane, and he dia
non^t hat stare at the wind-
mill' (TT gri"h't alao-li'mi fel-u
wur- gaang-in doon- t luoh'n,
on' i aid* naowt bod' gluo'h'r
uf win-mil]. [" Blamma, to
shamble altmg, to walk as a
bear ; " Cleasby and Tigfuseon's
IceL Diet— W. W. a]
SUver [slaav-u], fulaomenesB, or
servility in speech. Slavsimaat
[slaav-ument (and) mint] [Wh,
Ol.), also in use ; gen.
Sleave [slih'v], t. a. to cleave;
Mid. Used of anything which
an edged instrument can run
throngh easily . Cltavt [tU'h'r]
is in use, with its proper meanings
SUft-worm fsli-h'-wom], the
' slow,' or blind- worm ; gen.
[Sli'hn is a orDnnnciation of
ilow, but [slao'A'] is much more
beaid, and is gen. to the county.
Bleck [alek-], that which slakes
thirst. Wh.Ol.;Keai. 'When
/ want good ileck, I take to cold
tea' rWen" ■Aa- waanta' gi'h'd
slek' Aa taaks* tu koo'b'd ti'yu].
Oonunon, too, as an active verb.
Sled [sled], sledge (vehicle) ; Mid.
Slek^slek'], V. a. andsb. to slake;
gen. to tiiB coonty. ' I 'm veiy
dry (thirsty) ; I could do witii
some slek' [Aa-s vaar'u d'raa';
Aa' kud' di'h' wiv auom' slek'].
The sb. flack [small coal) U
fslaak'], as is (looi (i. c not tense).
8la(k ia always used for ilacken.
Blew [sliw-], v. a. and v. n. to
swing OT slip out of position
aborply. Blewed, part. past.
Also, intoiicated. Wh. Gl. ;
gen. The vtrb, in the last senaa,
la quite common. The first form
is also hoard as a ttAttantive.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
127
Slidder [slid'ur]; or Sludder
[sluod^'ur] ; ar Slither [sli-h'dh-
ur]; or Sluodher [sluodh'iir],
Y. lu and y. a. to slide; gon.
The two first forms are the com-
monest, and take the ending
ish adjetiivally, besides the or-
dinary one of y, in this character.
Slip [slip*, sleyp'], a linen case ;
a pmafore. Pillow-slip {Wh,
OVl [pilni-slip] ; bolster-slip,
[borstu - slip]. * Where *s my
»/tp, mother ? ' [Wi'h'z maa*
ehp* muod''ur]. A cloth gun-
case will often got the name of
[guon'-slip] ; gen.
Slipe [sla'y-p, slaayp, slaa-p], sb.,
y. a., and y. n. a running cut;
gen. Soft wood slipe» when it
can be diyided by mere propul-
Biye effort the way of the ^rain.
A * diping cut,' or a slipe (with its
related noun understood), is a
cut of some length. Also, figur-
atiyely. To *8hpe away,' is to
steal off. ' His talk was all hints
and 8Upes*\Jz' tao'hk wur* yaal*
ints* un* slaa'ps], all hints and
insinuations.
SUfher^ps [slidh-uri-h'ps] ; or
Slitherups [slidh'urups], an
idle, sloyenly person.
Sliver [slaayv'ur], the top portion
of the door of a cart ; gen.
Sloak [sluoh'^k], slime ; the sur-
fSace accumulation in connection
with stagnant water. Wh, 01.;
gen. A farmyard pond will be
allude to as being ' all slime and
tioak^ [yaal' slaa*m un* sluoh'^k].
I.e. slime about and below the
sur&ce, and sloak upon it.
Sleekened [slok'u'nd], p. past of
the yerb, to slake, or quench the
thirst. Wh. OL ; Mid. Sleek
[slek*] is the verb, the yowol in-
terchanging with [aa], which is
regarded as the more refined.
[SLaak'u'n] is employed in the
fost^ but there is no correspond-
mg usage in connection with the
other yowel [e]. Each form,
howeyer, takes ed in the past^
becoming [slekt*] and fslaakt*].
Sleek may be employed au&a^an-
tivdy^ but there is no mterchange
of yowel when such is the case.
Sleg [slog*], V. n. and v. a. to
walk witn burdened feet, as
through snow, or puddle of a
consistency to adhere, and make
walking laborious ; Mid.
Slope [sluoh*'p]; or Slowp
[slaowp-], y. a. and sb. to
swindle. Wh, 01. , past parts.,
and slowp7 [slaowpi], acy.,
also in use.
Slot [slot*, sluot*], a bolt Wh.
61. ; gen. The verb is as com-
mon, too, generally.
Slot [slot*], y. a. and sb. to
mortise; gen.
Slonnge [8loo*nj], sb. and y. n. A
slounge is one who is idle, and
has mischief in him ; Mid.
Slonp [slaowp], v. a. and y. n.
the act of feeding yigorously
with a spoon; gen. <An thee
an' me had some frumity,
wouldn't us sloup it, lad ! ' [Un*
dhoo* un* mey* ed* suom' fruom*-
uti waad*u'nt uz* 'slaowp* it*
laad']. If you and I had some
furmenty (or frumenty — a pre-
paration of wheat and spiced
milk) wouldn't we deyour it I
Slowdy [slaow'di], adj. meagre,
and ill put together. Wh, 01. ;
gen. Also, stibstantiveiy, for an
imgainly, orloose-gaited person,
in odd, ill-fitting garments.
Sluff [sluof 'J, the skin of berries,
of eyery kmd, and the more suc-
culent of garden-fruit, as plums,
and cherries. Wh. 01, , plural;
gen.
Slush - pan [sluosh* - paan], a
snow-hole, containing thawed,
or muddy contents. Wh. 61,;
Mid. PlAces of extent of this
character are called slush-
128
MID-TORKSHIEE GLOSSABT.
dikes [slii06h'-dAa-kB]. Shuh,
the verb, ib mostly applied, as
indicated, to the miiady mix-
ture produoed b^ thawed snow;
mere puddle being blather, or
■lather, dc, aooordiiig' to its
state of ooneastency. The Wh,
GL has to slush on, with the
meaning of, to persevere ; to put
' the best leg fint,' as the phrase
goes. This form is also common.
Sluther [sluod-'a], v. n. to slide,
with a shuffling gait. Slathery
{Wh. 0L\ adQ. slippery, as a
muddy paTement on which the
feet do not slip and slide, so much
as shuffle and slip ; gen.
Sluthermuck [sluod-'umuok,
sluod'^umuok], an idle, dirty
person; gen.
Sly-cake [slaa'-kih'kl, a tea-cake,
with fruit concealed. Called,
also, a chkAt [chi'h't], familiarly.
Wh. 01, ; gen.
Smally [smachli], adj. pony;
dwindled. Wh, 01. ; Mid. Also,
tuhUantively,
Smapple [smaap'u'lj, adj. fragile ;
Mid. See Smokkle. One of
these words comes from a villafipe
near the confluent rivers Nidd
and Ouse ; and the other from a
village near Easingwold, a few
miles further distant, in the
north riding. [Halliwell gives
** SmoppU, brittle. North:'— W.
W. S.]
8 match [smaach*], flavour, or
tincture; also twang; yet in
these senses not employed as a
final word, but as denoting the
quality of a following noim.
Wh. 01. ; gen. In the first sense
the word is often shortened to
smat [Rmaat'l. ' This ale smats
over much of the hops * [Dhis*
•yaal* smaats' aowh'r mien* u t
ops], tastes too much of the
hops.
Smoak [smih-'k], an occasional
p. t. ot$moke [smii'h'k] ; gon.
Smitch [smich-], a sooty particle.
Wh. uL; geoL, Also, a verb
active.
Smith ere em [smidhiireenz,
iand) rinz], sb. pL anything
»roken or exploded to particles ;
with a particular application to
the body of sm^s produoed by
beating heated iron on the anvil
Wh.OL;gen.
Slmithycoiiie [smidhikuom] ; or
Smiddycome [smid'iknoml,
sniithy or iron-dust, which is
chiefly used, in oombination with
pitch, for ooatinf the roo& of
sheds. Wh. 01. (where f s take
the place of the cTs in the last
word); gen.
SmitUe [smitn'l]; or Smit
Esmit*], infection. Smittleish
smit'lid^, Smittin^ [smit-in],
adjs. Wh. 01.; gen. Also, as
verbs neuter, but chiefly as verbs
active, the last form [smit'u'l]
being in most general use. An
additional and the commcmest
adjective is smittlin^ [smit'lin].
SmokkleTsmokTi'll adj. fw^e ;
Mid. Children will be cautioned
to keep away from where young
beans are growing, on account
of the stalks of these being
amokkle.
Smoor [smooh'r], v. a. and v. n,
to smother; gen. The Wh. OL
oives smurr [smu*r] and smorr
[smaor], with smurr'd up in
the past. The first of these
yoweiB [u*] belongs, in the verb
indicatea, to the refined phase of
peasant dialect, and the vowel
[ao*] of the last verb to the
refined pbase of the market-
towns. The last vowel, gener-
ally short with most speakers,
IB an exceptionally refined pro-
nunciation, with a final element
[h'] commonly added.
Smoot [smoot', smih-'t], sb. and
V. n. a game or dog-tntck under
cover, as through a hedge ; gen.
UID-TORKSaiRE QLOSSART.
^le Terb b modi employ^ in
figure. A peraoa isseen to comn
wmiMting uong, in a etoalth^-
maimer, bending and hiding hi»
&^aio beneath low - brancbed
trees. A child rrnoalt when hid-
ing the fiw« from e. looker-on ;
and a lover when he does not pUy
tlie wooer openlr. Bmooty-foced
ramooti ~ fi VstJ, ehame - &ced.
Theee Iset examples ai« given in
the Wh. O/., where the paistpart.
of the verb ia (jnoted. Sinoot
ia also need familiarly as a verti
neuter for, to die, hut larely with
other referenoe than to n-TiiTnala
Smndder [emttod'-ur], v. a. and
T. n. to nnother ; gen. But
•moor [nnno'h'r, smi'h'r] ia the
mote nsed eqniyBleuL
Siuok [snaok'], a portion, email,
or compaiatJTely so ; gen. Also^
in allusion to a alight repast, a
* monUiful ' between meale ; gen.
Bnaffle [anaaf a'l] ; or Snavrle
Saava'I], t. n. to speak thiough
nose. Wh. ai. ; gen.
Snag: [enaag-], t. n. to talk at, in
a short, ^aip manner ; to anan
savagely. Bnag^^ [anaag'ij,
adj.
Snap [snaap'], ginger-cake, rolled
thin, baked lurd, and tnapping
when broken j not necessarily
ronnd, for children's hands, aa
in the Wh. 01., being quite often
prepared in the laigeet - idzed
pndding-lin a bonae can famish i
gen,
8ll»I»[flne"b'p,sm-Ii'pl,v. a., v. n,,
and eb. to check objectionable
behavionr by retort ; gen. Wk.
Gl. "'I'b (I'm) soon tnaptd,"
as f^ chap Raid when he wur
bonn (going) to be bung ' [Aa'z
si'h'n ffiie'h'pt, uz' t chuip' sed'
wen' i wur' Ixwu tu hi uoug'].
As a e. »., the word is followed
Biupper [anaap'tir], ' As near aa
a inapper,' as near as possible.
HxpteasiTe of aa little an amount
of time as a mere snapping noise
would involve; gen. Southward,
another aenee fumiahea the figure
■ — ' Aa near as a toucher.'
Biiarl[8naal];(jr Snarril [snaat-il],
a knot formed by entanglement ;
Mid. [Of. IceL *narr, hard-twist-
ed ; said of string.— W. W. S.]
Snorsling [anaa-xlin] ; or Soanly
[enaa'iJi]; or Snarly [anaa'li],
adj. as a weather-t«nn, applied
to a aharp, rough wind. Wh. 01.
The two fiiat forms are Hid-
Tork. ; the last one ia general.
Snattle [anaat-u'l], a littla Sut-
ling Imaatlin], a very litUe;
gon. Thia form is employed,
too, aa a putidple - elective.
' What a tnatling bit thon 8 given
mel' [Waat' u enaat'lin hit*
dhooB" gee'n mul]. In Mid-
Yorkshire, the participle ia regu-
larly employed in such phnuea
aa, ' I aaw old John to - dav.
He's Matling at it yet' TAa
aao' noh''d Juo'h'n tu-di'b'.
£ez' anaat'lin aat' it yit'], living
on yet (implying effort, through
infirmity, or age). ' Has he
Even over drinking ? ' ' Nay,
I's tiuiUing at that, too' [E&'
i gee'n aow'h'rd'rin'kin P Ne't",
eez* anaat'lin ut- 'dhaat', ti'h'],
doing a bit at that, too.
Snaw [snao'], vb. impera. and sb.
to snow; gen. Thia la the usually
spoken sound, and would be the
read one, but it is the least cha-
ractoristio. The dialect forme
are [ano-b*] and [ani'h'] among
those who speak with any breadth
of pronunciation, l^e laat form
is chiefly employed as a verb.
Then, there ia the refined form
[snu']. Thia la the common one
of the market-town people, who
refine on their own form in
[snuuw].
SnSa^le [ani-h'gu'l] ; or SnSoilo
[sni'b'zul], V. n. to aneak about,
with a display of mook activity;
Mid.
130
MTD-TORKSHIRE GLOSSABT.
Siieek [jKnek% mik]. the slip or
0pliut r/f irr/n [ajraally with m
thumb -end^, which, paasng
through m door, lifts the lAtcn
inade. FTA. Or/. ; g^iu The rtrh
(uiive IB also as freely employed,
and the word haa occasioBallT a
n/nUer sense. ' Su^ the door.'
• It wiU •Mfk of itiself ' rSnek- 1
di'hV. It' ul snek- ut* ftsiel-].
Snether [raedhiir], adj. slender ;
Mid.
Slliekle [snik-nll v. a. to snare
by means of a draw-loop. Wh.
01, ; gen. Snickle, sb., for the
kind of snare indicated^ is also
commonly heard.
SnickfiiArli [snik-snaa'lz] ; or
Snignuurla [snig*8naa"lz] ; cr
Snockanarla [snok'snaa-lz] ; cr
finogsnarla [8nog*snaa"lz], sb.
pi. " Orertwisted thread, or
worsted ran into lumps.'* Wh,
GL The first two are Nidd. forms,
and the last two Mid-Torks. In
fignrative use, too. ' The Eng-
lish drove them all to $mck$narls '
T Ing'ulish d'ri'h'v urn* ao'h'l
[and [yaal*]) tu 8nik*snaa"lz].
Snifle [snaafu'l], v. n. to breathe
through the nostrils audibly.
Wh, Ul, ; gen. Also, a aubstan-
tive.
Snifter [snift'u] ; or Snnfter
[snuof't'u], v. n. and sb. to snuffle;
also, to sniyol. The last pro-
nunciation is a Mid- York, one,
and the first is general. In the
case of these, as in many other
words, though the t in the verb
is not dental, it inyariably is in
the past participle, and is always
in the present.
8 nig [^snig-], v. a. and v. n.
timgyxng^ pp. as a farming term,
is applied t() the process of re-
moving, with rope and horses, to
higher ground, a whole hay-
* pike,' as it stands, in a low-lying
harvost-fiold, on occasions when
the river rises suddenly, and
i:
leavn no tune tx* pieooneal
labofor. Snl^, r. a. and t. n.
alao, to steal; Mid.
Sniggle [snigTi'I], r. n. to sneer
demoDStratiTely. Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Also, a trnhdauiirt,
Snile [snaayl, snaa*]], t. a. to
snare, or noose, br means of a
nmningloop; Mid.
Snite [snaa-t], t. a. employed as
the equivalent of the verb in the
phrase, to blow the noae. WK
Gl. ; gen. Also, a mihdantive.
ftiithe [snaa'dh], adj. generally
used as a weather term. A
' Bnithe wind,' is a oold, piercing
one. [lit. a 'cutting' one. c£
A.S. wni^n^ to cut— W. W. 8.]
Snod [snod']y adj. cozy. Snod,
also, as a V. a. and v. n. to doee ;
a«nod[usnod'l,adv.;]kGdL 'He's
^nodding now. 'Let him snod
then; and thee come away*
[£ez* snodin noo* Let* im*
'snod* dhen*, un* dhee' kn<naa*
uwi'h'].
Snod [snod', snuod*], adj. smooth.
JVh. GL; gen. Among^st old
people, the vowel is occasionally
[uoj. This applies, too, to the
verb in use — snodden [snod^u'n,
snuod'u'n].
Snork [snuoh'-k], v. n. to sniff
noisily. Wh, Gl, ; Mid. Also,
a subatantive,
Snontband [snoot'baand], y. a. to
snub; gen.
Snnbbings [snuobinz], plural of
snubbuig. Wh, Gl, ; gen. Also,
snubs [snuobz*]. These plural
forms, are invariably em^oyed
to the exclusion of the singular.
Snurl [snu'l]; or Snol [snaol*]
(mi, GL), nostril; gen. The
last form is also used familiarly
to designate the nose.
Snnther [snuodh'ur], v. n. to
snore; Mid.
Snnzzle [snuoz'u'l], v. n. and sb.
^
UID-TORKSBIBE GLOSSARY.
131
to breathe noieilT ttuough the
noBtrila, with Uie respiration
impeded ; to saore with a whist-
ling noise, aa a dc^ is apt to do ;
gen.
8ny [snaay], T, imp. to have in
great plenty ; gen. ' Our orchard
«n ird with apple« last year ' [Uo h'r
Q'chtid snaay 'd wi oap'u'lztlaost'
i-h'r]. [Chaucer W — ' Hit
•neuvde in his hous of mete and
driuke ; ' ProL 345. Dr Uorris,
in his Qloseaiy, haa — ' Snetvtdt,
snowed, swarmed, abounded ;
P»OT. Eng. ime, tnie, tnivt, tnew,
to oworm.'— W. W. a]
Soddan fBodii'n], v. a, and adj. ;
n-Sodoar [Bod'a'r],T. n. only, to
eatnrate ; to soak to a shrunken
state. Wh. 01. past parts. The
lost form is a Mid-Yorks. one ;
the first is general.
SodvT [sodji], aijj. little and
fleshy. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Soft fauoft', soft], adj. applied
to the weather whan rainy, or
moist after rain. 'It's bown to
bU soft' [Its- boon- tu fito-h'l
suoft-], is going to rain. Wh.
Ol. ; gen. The term is usually
associated with mild weather in
conjunction with moderate rains.
S(WjrBOg']>T- n-andT. a. tOBOak;
Solo [suo-h'l]. The aoU» at a
cart are the middle supporting
timbers of the body ; gen.
Sook [sock], T, a. and v. n, to
suck; gen.
Sore [seh'r], has the meaning of
bniiee, or wound, occamonally -
C'A lad flnn^ a stone at
, and made him a bonny
(fine) tore' [U laad' flaang- u
sti-h'n aat' im', un" mi'h'd im' u
boon'i aeh'r].
SoM [sos-, Buos], T. n., T. a., and
eb. to fall, or tread hoavily —
implying a forceful yielding to
pressure, aa when a weighty
stone is lot fall into mud, or the
feet plash through it. Also,
Sosa, sb. a puddle ; and Boss,
V. n. and t. a. to lap. Wh. 01. ;
gen. The word is also used lub-
atantively, in the last connection,
for thehijuid lapped, or intended
for lappmg. Called also lap
[laap'l. In conrersatioa, the
noun to which the Torb ia related
is often left to be understood, aa
in the phrases, 'It went lou,'
i. e. on the ground ; ' to come
ecu' — to oome in contact with
the object understood.
So the', lo the', Uakatal
[■soodh-n, -loodh-u, 'li'h'kstu I]
on ejacnlatJTe manner of iuTiting
atteoition to extraordinary ob-
jeota. Wh. 01. ; Mid. The pro-
nunciation of M and lo, as in-
dicated, are peculiar to this
^irase, although forma vary.
These are (auoh'-, sih'-, aeV-,
saoh''], and [luoh'-, leh'-, laioh'-]
in pause ; and, in association,
without the reepectdTB final ele-
ments, save when a consonant
follows. The ooalesoenoe of yerb
and pronoun, as in the last
word, is exceeaiTely common
in both rural and town dialect;
resulting in numerous idiomatio
short phrases, the words of which
are often not mvch more in sound
than a single letter. Other
phraaea, similar to the above,
employed in Mid-Torkahire, are,
' 8o the' buds, li' the' buds ! '
[■Sidh-u bnodi', -lidh- u buodz- 1],
3tt thee but, look thee but I ' Hods
t'e buds I ' ['Aod- stu bnodz' !],
BtM thee, but ! = Stay a moment !
•Hi' the' buds 1' [■Mh-ubuodz'!],
Cbablv, Either but I ' Hi' the'
Is, tore I ' [-Idh'u buodz-
i 'h'r 1], probably. Either but, here!
132
MIIVTORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
^ Come here at once ! * Hark's =
f ebuds ! ' [Aaks [and [leliks];
tu buodz' !], Hark iiUtj hut ' '
= Lbten, now ! * Hear till
him : ' [Trb' tQ- 'or [tiv-:, imQ, j
n^ar to him ! = listen to him !
•Mind's fe baods! * [Maa-ndz tu
bnodr !], Mind thou, but ! =
Take care! *Sootha, eootha!'
i'Soo'dhu, floo'dhu .*], perhaps a
bim of 90Glhly, the phrase mean-
ing. Truly, truly; These are
recurring phrases, and many
more pertaming to this locali^
might oe noted.
Sough [saow], Terb imp. a
weather term — to blow, in waO-
ing e^ustei Wh, Gl. : gen. Also,
a $t!btianiive.
Sough [suof-], y. n. to sob or sigh
out, as a dying wind. Wh, OL ;
gen. In use, too, to denote the
u>ne of cessation accompanying
human sobs, as the iuToluntary
half-hiccup of a child concluding
a crying bout. Also, a tuh^tan-
tive.
Soimd [soo^ndly sb. and v. n.
a swoon; Mid.
Sonr-docken [such'-dokin], field
sorreL Wh, OL ; gen.
Sonr-dongh [sooh*'-d:ih*f, (and)
duoh'f], the more homely equi-
valent of leaven. The refined
form is [soawh'-dao"f] ; Mid.
Sonflilig [soo'zin], adj. bulky;
of large dimensions; great in
quantity; Mid. Souaer [soo'zur],
tne substantiTe form, but not
applied to quantity. *A great
touting fellow' [U gri'h't soo'zin
fel*u]. * A sousing lot * [U soo'zin
lot*]. * That 's none a httle one.*
* But look at that for the aouser ! *
pDhaats- ne'h*n u litni'l un*
Bud- lihTc ut- 'dhaaf fu- t
soo'zur !]
Sonter [saowt'ur], v. n. and v. a.
to lounge; Mid. 'Agreat«ou^-
ina fellow ' [U gri'h't saowt'urin
fel'u].
Sowl [saowl], T. a. to drench or
immerse thoroughly. Bowling
[saowlin], sb. a ducking. Wh,
Gl. (the Terb slightly yarying in
interpretation); gen.
Sowp [saowp*], V. a. and v. n. to
Boak. Wli GL past pari ; gen.
Sowter [saow-t'or], a shoemaker,
fr*. GL; lOd.
Soiitercrow]i[saow-- (and) soo-t'u-
kroon], a stupid person, of lazy,
lounemg habits; IkGd. The
Towei in emvm at all times un-
dergoes well-defined changes in
these and immediately connected
localities. Thus, in Lower Kid-
derdale, the change is to [iw*] ;
in Mid-Torks. [oo], long and
short, is the common dialect form,
[uw*] the re£, and [aow] the
current form of the market-
towns; north-west of lifid-York&y
[u'w] is heard ; to the south of
the same locality, the common
Tulgar form is [aa*] — inordin-
ately long at most times — a less
vulgar [aa'w], and the usual
ref. one [aaw]; while to the
south-west, [e-h*], together with
[e*], prevails, the last more cha-
racteristic of village dialect, but
the two forms interchanging, in
the speech of the common people.
Spane [spe'h*n], v. impers. and sb.
to discolour naturally; gen. Com
spanes when, durmg an un-
fiivourable spring-time, it turns
in colour from green to yellow.
•What'sthat?* ♦A^pawc'fWaats-
dhaat'? Uspe'h'n], a discoloura-
tion.
Spang [spaang-], v. a. to throw
with violence; to walk at a
great pace : with this meaning
the word being usually followed
by * along '[ulaong*]. Spang-hue
S>aang'-'hiw'], to dash from the
nd to a distance laterally.
Wh. GL ; gen. The h is invari-
ably strongly aspirated. South-
ward, the usual form is [speng*-
•wiw, (and) "wew], the last
iflD-TORKSHIRS GLOSSARY.
133
Spanking [apaangkin], adj.
"Lnsty — of large size, or epan."
Wh. Gt.: eeu. Bpanker
[spaaugklir], 3b. also.
Spuither-new [Bpaan-dhur-niw] ;
or Spander-aew [spaan'd'ur-
niw] ; or Span-new [epaan'-
ni-wj; or Brand-new [braan'-
Diwj ; or Brandersp&D [braan'-
d'uiBpean-]; or BruiBp&ntlier
rbraan'BiMUUi'dliiir, (and] -spaau'-
d'ur], aaj. Brand-new is usual
in received English, and tlie rest
of the forms have the Bame
meaning, •'. e. a state of blight
newness. Tbey are general,
the third and fourth forms being
least heard. In those forms
where aew is omitted, its omis-
sion in speech is usual
Spawder [apao-li'd'ur], v. n. to
sprawl Spawilered[apao'h'd'ud],
Srawled ; Bprawlj, ' as the legs
young birds when turned
crookedly over their backs.' Wh.
01.; Mid. Also, a eubttanlive.
BpSak [spi-h'k], a spoke ; Mid.
Spink - ahav [spi-Vk - sbaav],
tpoke-ehafi.
8p£an [spi-h'n, speh'n (ref .)], v. a.
to wean. Wh. 01. ; ilid. Also,
tubitantivtly, for a nipple.
Speck [epek], a, patch ; Kidd.
'Speer [apMi'r], v. a. to raise or
sustain, by natural or mechan-
ical power, as by leverage ; gen.
Bpelder [spel-d'url, v. a. and
V. n. to spell, ^elder-book
il'd'u-bi"h'k], spelli&K-book.
. ai.; gen. The 01. has
beuk [biwk'J, which is the com-
mon pronunciation in Nidder-
dale, out extremely casual in
Uid- Yorkshire,
fipelk [spelgk- (and, occaeionaliy)
spilgk'], a splinter ; a shOTt
W
woodon rod. TF5. 01. ; gau.
Spelk, sb. alsa ; Mid.
Spell and knor [spel- nu-nor-,
nuor'' (and, casually, in Mid-
Torks., naa-r")]. Wh. 01. ; gen.
A game played with a wooden
baU, and a stick, fitted at ibe
striking end with a club-shaped
SBce of wood. The tptH, made
receive and ' spring ' tio ball
for the blow, at a touch, is
generally a simple contriTancs
of wood, an inch orsoinbrradth,
and a few inches long, but may
also be, in these modem days,
an elaborate piece of mechanism,
with metal cup, catch, and
spring; together with spikes,
for fixing into the soil, &c. The
players, who usually go in and
out hj^ turns each time, after a
preliminary series of tippings c^
the tptU with the stick in one
hand, and catches of the bait
with the other, in the process of
calculating the momentum neces-
sary for reach of hand, are also
allowed two trial 'rises,' in a
striking attitude, and distance is
reckoned by scores of yaida In
the south, the vowel m knor is
at all times [u'l, and in the
designation of uie gome the
nouns are inverted, as is often
the case, too, in the speech of
northern speakers.
Bpew [spiw], T, n, and sb. to
slip, not as land, but as soil will
do ; Mid. In constructing a
' sike,' fbr the drainaKe of land,
gravelly earth will often break
edge, and tpne. It is a term
meet associated with light run-
ning soil.
Spice [spaa-s], " the common term
here for sweetmeats and conf^
itides."
tione^ of all sorts, but e
ally for gingerbread arti
Wh. 61. In Mid-Yorks., and
the north, and universally in the
south, spice means sweets of all
kinds, 1. e. Hugary compounds
consumed by suction. Ijiere is
IJ4
Xny-TOEKSHI&E GI/J€SA&T.
pIsEiealcftv *:* tpiosi c.r=aii 'zjut^,
with. CTLrranli^'' viLicii »re amply
bat in thia r^jixaoKk tbie worL
the pro&azbciAtuxL ol tLe ^ ^t*
Iwfcinft thA cfjLAOtjaA rw|airii *g
ftn effort a utliTe speaker doe»
lu^ tK^.V it worth while to cel-
Spiff ^spif% spi'h'f], idj. uncom-
iQOi^jr fine, or sproce in apjAreL
Abo, applied to a penon who is
in tmoffoally p>od spirits ; Mid.
'.Something' ailed tbe goodman
jesterdaT, Imt he 'a mjt enough
to«day ' [Suom-nt je'hid t gi-h*d-
maan' yos'tadii, bood' eez* spi'h'f
tin:i'h'ftu-dih'].
Spinle - ehair [spinal - cbe-h'r].
The rerv common kind of arm-
chair, of plain wood and work-
manshift, gets this name; gen.
It conffljsto, in great part, of
wooden »pindU$.
Spinner-web [spin-a-wibj, a cob-
web. Wh, GL; Midi Also
spinner - mesh [spinm - meah]
{Wh, GL), but the last word of
this compound is more commonly
heard alone.
Spit [^pit], a spade, narrow and
flat m the blade, used for cutting
through turf soil, &c. Wh. GL :
gon.
Spittle [spit'ul], sb., v. n., and
V. a. a spade, used for light dig-
ging, wnich is ivitUing. The
square board, with a short flat
huiidlo, used in putting cakes
into an oven, is a ' baking-apt^/e' ;
gen. The Terjr long -handled
article of this kmd, used by the
few town bakers which exist
(broad being, hj general custom,
made at home), is called a spittUf
too.
Split [Hplfii*], a cleft, cr Assure ;
gnn.
SplUidcr [fphu-lL^rtir^ r. a. to
• *
or
'9cl^yii*fTnmt\ sb., an eshi-
litZfjiL of this njibzre; also, ^'ex-
traragaoee in mode of ezpres-
fion.^ W]LGL;^ai. fljpldttder
is also a suhttamiiny bat with a
Ifteral meaning, which likewisa
attai:bgii to the Tob, and to tiio
sabetantiTe bef ne noted. One
emptying a sack of potatoes on
the groimd will be toid to heap,
and not wpioadtr, or make a
tpi-jaKUrmemi of them — an awk-
ward spread of them. The re-
fined Towel is [so*], losing the
final element.
Sp^All [spuo'h'd, spso'b'd], ap-
plied, suhstanttrely, to an elon-
gated, concare end belongbag to
any anall object The WTL GL
has ''the split of a pen, tiie
point ; ' but the end of a aaill«
e. g. may be all spood, and naTe
neither split nor point ; gen.
Sponge [spuonj*], applied to any
preparation for raising [raa*xinl
or listening dough [di'h'fj.
Wh. GL ; gen. Used, also, as a
verb cKiive, and sH^tly as a verb
neuter.
Sprag [spraag-], a bludgeon, or
large, wieldy piece of wood ; gen.
Spraggy [spraag-i], adj. bony, or
knotty. Wh. GL ; Mid-
Spraylets ! [sprehlits !], a kindly
inteijection ; Mid. ' Bless thee,
bairn! £»j>raykf« on thee, honey !'
[Blis- dhu, beh'n ! -Spreh'lits
aoh*' dhu, in'i !]
Spreath [spri'h'dh] ; or Spreeth
[spree'dh], v. a. to spread ; Mid.
tipread [spri'h'd], and spreed
[spree'd], are common, too.
Sprent [sprint*], the tongue of
metal, which, hin|B;ed to a lid,
of any kind, fits into the lock,
by means of a catch that receives
the bar. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Sprent [sprint*], y. a. to sprinkle.
HID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
135
Wh, 01; gen. Past part,
[sprent']. Both forms are also
heard %ub$tantivdy.
Sprig [sprig*], a headless nail, or
'brad.' wk, 01. ; gen.
Sprint [sprint*], a very smaU
round piece of ore ; Nidd.
Spmnt [spraont*], adj. and sb.
steep. Wh* 01.; gen.
Spnrning-ganner [spaon*in-
gaanur]]. A swift-footed person
gets this name ; Nidd.
Spurrings [spuorinz], the banns
of marriage. Wh. 01.; gen.
Siran [spnorz*] is also employed,
familiarly.
Squab [skwaab*], a long bench,
usually cushioned, and boarded,
* langsettle ' - £Ewhion, from the
bottom, to the seat at the back
and sides, but left open in the
front, for the sitters' legs. Wh.
01 ; Mid.
Squatter [skwaaf'ur], v. a. and
sb. to squirt ; Mid.
Staddle [staadm'l], an impression
left on a surface by any object,
as a beam-end which has rested
on the soil ; the print being often
called a ttaddlemark [stiuui-u'l-
meh'k]. Also, a soiled place,
as where dirt has been engrained
by rubbing in. Wh. 01.; Mid.
.Also, a stam.
Stag [staag*], a young horse.
Wh. GL ; Mid.
Stagmire [staag'mraa'yh'r, (and,
very frequently) staaff*m:ih'r],
an awkward, ill-gaited person ;
Mid. The substuitive mitt is
never heard in the dialect, as a
single word. When read, its
pronunciation, in both vulgar
and refined speech, is [meyh'r].
Staith [sti-h'dh, ste-h'dh], a land-
ing or loading place for river-
vessels. Wh, Ol,; gen. The
southern pronunciation is [ste'h']
distinctively.
Stall [stao'h'l], v. a. and v. n. to
tire, weary, or satiate; te dis-
g[U8t, te pall. A verb in exces-
sive use. *Thou'd tUdl a t6ad
out' [Dhood- stao-h'l u te-h'd
oot*], would weary a toad out,
1. 1. to the point of resentment.
In this, as in other common
words, the tone forms part of
the meaning. The Wh. 01. ex-
amples the past part., — *' satiated
witn eating."
Standard [st'aand'ud]. Beans
are called standards; probably
from their being the last crop to
be harvested. The old people of
a village go by the name of the
' aw*d sta7idards.* * I can't tell
you no more about it, but if you
gang te one o' f old standards
you are safe to get to know
everything' [Aa* kaa'nt tel* yu
nu me'h'r uboo't it', but* if yu
gaang' tu yaan* u t ao'h'd
sSfaan'd'udz ^ur* si'h'f tu git*
tu nao'h' ivrithingl* A stray,
stunted stalk of wheat, left by
the sickle, is called a standara,
too; Mid.
Stang [staang], v. a., v. n., and
sb. to sting; <'to shoot with
pain " Wh. Cfl. (last sense) ; both
equally common generally.
Stang [staan^*], a pole. 'The
stang' is 'ridden' by the yoimg
men and lads of the villages very
generally, by custom, on occa-
sions when domestic broils have
resulted in wife - beating, or
where there has been imfaith-
fulness on the part of either
husband or wife. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Stark [ste'h'k], adj. stiff, or rigid;
ti^ht; unyielding, as a door
with rusty hingea Starken
[8teh''ku'n, stu'Ku'n (ref.)], to
stiffen ; also, to tighten ; but, in
this application, the first of these
forms is only employed. Wh,
01.; gen.
Staryations rstaa"ve*h'8hus], adj.
chilly. Wh. 01.; gen.
136
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
Stauving [stao'h'vin], adj. star-
ing, and clumsy in gait. Wh,
GL; gen.
Stay [staav], staff; gen.
Stave [ste'h'v], v. a. and v. n,
expressiye ofa precipitate motion
in walking ; to naste, with effort;
Mid. ' How he does stave along I '
[Oo i diz* ste'h'v ulaang* !]. The
Towel is in interchange with [i]
among old people.
Stawp [stao'h'p], y. n. to stamp
and sbide wiaelv in walking.
Wh» QL ; gen. Also, a suhstan-
five,
Stawter [stao-h't'ur], v. n. to
stumble. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Stead [sti'h'd], v. a. to put in the
place of; gen. A poor fEirmer^s
wife, who Jiias enoufph to do to
make ends meet, will adopt the
following form of calculation,
with respect to her dairy pro-
duce : • There 's t* butter : that *s
steaded for t^ meat; there's t*
eggs, for t' back (for clothes);
an* t* geese we must stead to-
wards t rent ' [Dhi'h'z t buof 'ur :
'dhaats* sti'h'did fao t mi'h't;
dhuz' t e^gz*, fur^ t 'baak* ; un*
t gee's wi* mun* sti'h'd ti'h*dz t
•rint*].
Steck [stek-] ; or Steek [steek-] ;
or Stiak [stih'-k], t. a. to fasten,
or latch ; to close. The Wh, 01.
quotes the first form. The several
forms are more or less heard
generally.
Steem [stee'm]; or Steam
[sti-h'mj, V. a. to bespeak ; gen.
Steim [stoym] is, too, an occa-
sional pronunciation, but this
may be regarded as haying been
imported n*om the south of the
county.
Steer [sti-h'r], y. a. to deafen;
Mid.
Steg [steg], a gander. Stegging
[steg'in], adj. clownish in gait,
and of a staring manner ; applied,
also, to one who stumps ana
strides about awkwardly. Wh,
01. ; gen. The Wh. Ol. con-
nects the a^jectiye in this last
sense with stag, pronounced
[steg*], but the yerb to steg, in
use g[enerally, has this meaning,
and m idea is always associate
with a gander.
Steuthing [stiw*dhinl adj. of
large dimensions; X^idd. A
'steuthing chimney* [stiwdhin
chim'lu].
StevYon [steyun, stiyun], v. n.
to cry out loudly ; to roar. Wh.
01. ; gen. Also, substantively.
Stickle - haired [stikiil-« -h'd] ,
adj. bristly. Wh. 01. : Mid.
Bristle, sb. is in use generally,
and is pronoimced [bruos'ul].
Stiddy [stid-'ijy sb. anyU ; gen.
Stife [staa-f], adj. close, or rank ;
approximating to a foetid state.
Used of the atmosphere. Wh.
01.; gen.
Stiller [stil'ur], a wooden disc^
laid on the surfeu^ of water, to
steady it, when a quantity is
being borne in a pail, milk-can,
or similar article. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Stinkabout [stingkuboot], one
who is purely troublesome gets
this name ; gen.
Stirmp-stockingg rstar*up-stok-
inz], sb. pi. knitted yam over-
alls, used for winter- wear ; Nidd.
Stither [stid'u], y. a. to steady.
TFA. 01. ; Mid.
Stoarces [stuo'h'siz], a frame to
support a wooden roller, in the
process of heaving or hoisting
Dy hand ; Nidd.
Stob [staob*], y. a. to convulse,
or ' choke with grief,' as is the
figurative phrase ; Mid.
Stob [stob*], a stub, a post; a
stump ; a splinter ; the prick of
a plant. Stob, v. a. also, to
prop, or support. Wh. OL ;
gen. Stob is also a verb actiwe.
HID-TORKSHIRE OLOSSART.
137
with the meaning, to receiye a
thom-prick.
Stock [stok*], often heard for
gtotking ; Mid. * Now then, I
am ready for goinff — stocky shoes^
and gaiter ' [Noo dhin*, Aa*z rid'i
fu gaang'in — stok* shuon* nn'
geh 't'u], or [shih'n im* gih'*t'u],
as meet old people prefer to say.
Stook [stock*], a dozen sheaves
of oatis, or Ijiarley, laid piled on
one side ; gen.
Stooth [stoo'dh], V. a. to lath and
plaster; Mid.
Storance [staor'uns], a stir, or
oommotiou; gen. The veri, to
stir, is pronounced as the first
part of £ne word — [staor*].
Store [stuoh'T]. Joined to good,
this word is used adyerhially.
Wh, Gl.; gen. 'How did you
like the meeting yesterday?'
•Gk)od gtore^ good Biore; I was
well pleased ' [Oo did* yu laa'k
t mih'*tin yus'tudu ? •Gih''d
stuoh*r, 'gih'^d stuohV; aa' wur
weei pli'h*zd]. [Not connected
wiUi the sh. Btore; but with the
Icel. st6rr, great, «Mrwm, Tory
much. Mr Atkinson has already
observed this in his Cleveland
Glossary.— W. W. S.]
Stork [stao'h'k, stu-k (ref.)], a
yearling — applied to cattle. Wh,
Oh: gen.
Stot [stot*], a steer. Wh, Gl, ;
gen.
Stotter [stof'u], v. n. and sb. to
shiver; Mid.
Stonp [staowp*], a wooden drink-
ing vessel Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Stonr [stuo'h'r, staowh'-r], a cloud
of dust; a commotion of any
description. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Stoven [stovu*n], a shoot from
the remaining part of a fallen
tree. Wh, Gl, ; Mid. [A.S.
stofn^ the stem of a tree; IceL
9fo/n, a stem, but also a stump
of a cut tree.— W. W. S.]
Stower [staow'h'r, stuo-hV], a
cross rail, or bar of wood. Wh,
01, ; gen. Also, a natural
cudeel, or hedgestake. 'He'd
neither stick, staff, nor Blower*
[Id' ne*h*d*ur stik* staaf*, nur*
staow'h'r], had no stick of any
kind; Mid.
Stowp [staowp-]; or StSap
[8tih''pJ; or Stoop [stoop'l a
post. Wh, Gl, (first and last
form); gen. The last form is
least used. The second one is
the verb,
Strackling [st'raaklin], a de-
ranged, or distracted person;
Mid.
Straddler [straad'*lur], used of a
young tree, when growing from
the root of a parent one ; gen.
Straight fst'reyt*, st'reet-, (and
occ.) st*riii'*t], V. a. to straighten ;
gen.
StraightwardB [st'reyt*-, st'reets
(and occ.) sfrih*'tudz] ; or
Straightlys [sfreyt'liz], adv.
straightway; Mid.
Stramash [st'raam-ush], a state
of wreck, or destruction ; Mid.
Stramp [st'raamp*], v. a. to tread
underfoot; gen.
Stray [stre-h*]. The common land
appertaining to some localities,
as York and Harrogate, goes by
this name. At York, t£e his-
toric name of the great common,
' Ejiavesmire,' is more generally
heard. At both places, the
peasantry occasionally employ
the dental i.
Streak rsVri'hlfl, v. a. to garb,
or bedizen. Tne Wh, 01, has
the jKMt of streak out. In
Mid- Yorkshire, and the north
generally, it is a common usage
for a pronoun to follow the verb
exampled.
Streck [st'rek*], acy. straight;
streckly [sf reckli], adv. ; Up-
per Nidd. • Go thy ways «<recAjfy,
138
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
now ' [Gktan* dhi wi'li'z *6trek*li,
noo'].
Streek [st'reek'], v. n. to stretch,
or lay out, Wh, OL ; Mid.
Stretch [sfrich*] is usually em-
ployed actively ; gen.
Strensal [Stren-sul]. * That 's a
capper o' StrenscU' fDhaats* u
kaap'ur u Stren'sulJ. A pro-
yer Dial remark in respect of any-
thing which has produced aston-
ishment; Mid. StrenshdU is a
higgish Tillage in the north-
ridmg, a few miles from York.
A similar phrase, likewise cur-
rent, 'That* 8 come fra ower t*
moor,' may be the equivalent of
the first one. It is, however,
probable that so considerable a
village acquired a notoriety for
recounting tales of itself, and
hence the proverb. Between
some villages, there exists a mild
state of feud, which finds dis-
play in the sawing down of each
other's Maypoles, and in other
proceedings, on liie part of the
*lads,' of great size. The in-
habitants cmlectively of a villa^
are, in many cases, himioroudy
designated, in supposed charac-
ter, by a byname, usually coarse,
and always unfair.
Strickle [st'rik-u'l], a scythe-
sharpener. Wh, Ui,; gen.
Stride -kirk [straa-d - kur'k], a
clumsy, awkward-gaited person;
gen.
Stroke [st'raoh'k, st're-h'k], a
measure of two pecks, or half a
bushel ; gen. The last distinct
pronunciation is much favoured
by the old people of Mid- York-
shire and the north. The first
is nearly general to the coimty.
Strown [straown], a runlet of
water, answeriug the purpose of
the *sike,' but not having the
same force of current; Mid.
[C£ strand, used in the sense
of a small stream by Gawain
Douglas; see Jamieson's Soot.
Diet.— W. W. S.]
Stmcken [st'ruok-u'n], p. t of
struck c= astonished. Wh, 01,;
gen. The verb is common, too,
preceded by fair [fe*h'] = quite.
Stnint [st'niont*], applied to a
short tail. Wh. GL ; Mid.
Strnntish rsfruon-tishl ; or
Strunty [srruon-ti], a4j. ill-
humoured; short-tempered and
obstinate. ^Vh, 01. ; Mid.
Stmt - stower [st'ruot'-staowh'r
(and) stuoh'rl a wooden bar, or
stake, placed buttress - fa^on
against a fence, for its support
}Vh. GL ; gen.
Stub [stuob'], sb., V. iL, and v. a.
stump. The verb, when applied
to tree stumps, is usually fol-
lowed by up, as in the Wh, QU ;
gen.
Stnffle fstuof ml], a state of angry,
breathless perplexity ; Mid. 'He
can*t speak, he 's in such a $tuMe '
[I kaa*nt roi'h'k, ee'z i saavc a
stuof u*l], too angry to spcMok
connectedly — ^from over-exdte-
ment.
Stonge [stuonj*], in a stunned
state. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Stunt [stuont*], a fit of obstinacy.
Stuntish, adj. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Also, stunty [stuon'ti], adj.
[A.S. stunt, blunt, stupid, fooliw.
— W. W. S.]
Stunt [stuont*], adj. short and
thick. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Stut [stuot*], V. n. to stutter.
Wh. 01. ; gen. Also, substan"
tively.
Sty [8t:aa7], a pustule incident to
the eyelid. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Sucker [suok'url, a shoot from
the root of a fallen tree ; Mid.
Sug [suog-]; or Sew [siw], a
sow; gen.
Sumph [suomf*], a sink; a covered
drain. Wh, 01. ; gen.
\
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
139
[suon'd'ur], v. a. to ex-
> or create waimth by the
Wh. GL ; Mid.
a [8uon'doo"n], sunset;
le of early evening. Wk,
en.
iw-ni] ; or Snke [Siwk] ;
ky [Siwk-i]; or Sucky
i, Suo'ki], Susan, or
la; gen.
Dp*], V. a., V. n., and sb.
ik; also, substantively , in
nse of a little. In each
be substantive has also a
form. Suppings is most
in application to liquids
with a spoon. Wh, GL;
[suod'nir], v. impers.
be; Mid.
'swaab'], a person of
m habits. Wh, 01, ; Mid.
he name for a heavy kind
, made of pieces of cloth.
waad*], a * hull,' or shell ;
• vegetable growths. Wh,
3n.
h [swe'h'misli], adj. dif-
timorous. Wh, 01, ; gen.
swaangk'], v. a. and v. n.
with gusto. Swanking
gk'in], adj. of lar^o,
r size. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Bwanker [swaangk'ur],
^ and lusty ; huge and
irally perfect, as applied
ilding, e, g.
vaap'l, V. a. and v. n. to
ge. Wh, OL ; gen. Also,
mtive,
iwe'h'p], a wheel -handle ;
[swaa-bu'l], v. a. and
3 climb, chiefly implying
ction; Nidd.
L [swi-h'dh, 8we'h*dh],
gen. * Swarth - balks '
'dh - baoh*ks], the end
8 of a field, loft un-
ploughed, for a cart- way. When
these portions are tilled, they
are called * headlands * [i*h*d-
lunz, yi'h*dlunz]. [Swaa'dh],
the ref . form, is very much heard.
Swarth [swe'h'dh, 8waadh%
swaa'dh (ref.)], the skin of
cooked bacon. T^li, OL ; gen.
Swash Fswaash*], v. a. and v. n.
to wasn or sway about in volume
turbulontly, as water in a pail,
with the motion of conveyance ;
or, as waves amongst rocks. Wh,
GL; gen. Also, substantively.
Swat [swaat'l, v. n. and adv. to
fall flatly ; Nidd. * It fell swat
to t* ground' [It* fel* swaat* tu t
gruond]. * Swat it down I *
[Swaat* it* doo'n !], Dash it
down ! * It fell sunit ' pt- fel*
'swaat'], fell flat, with violenoe.
Swat [swaat*], y. a. to sit^ or be
seated. * Swat thee down'
S Swaat' dhu doo*n], sit you
^own; Nidd. Also heard in
the extreme south. It is not
known anywhere in the localities
between. [Cf. Eng. squat; so
also swirt is to squirt. — ^W. W. S.]
Swatch [swaach*], a small cut
portion of anything, as a swatch
taken from a piece of goods, for
a pattern. Wh. OL (with a re-
shicted meaning) ; gen.
Swatter [8waat'*ur], y. n. and
V. a. to sweat down, literally
and figuratively. Swatterment
[swaat' 'umintj, a remaining
quantity. Wn. GL; gen. The
word is widely applied.
Swattle [8waat*u'l], V. a., y. n.,
and sb. to let run to waste, as one
dissipates savings by a succes-
sion of little extravagances;
Mid. 'If thou'd taken it by
the lump thou *d ha' been fright-
ened to begin with ; but thou 'd
no sense to look at it in that
light, tiU thou*d swatUed it
clean away, by bit and bit' [IT
dhood* ti*n*n it* hi t* luo'mp
I
140
MID-TORKSIIIRE GLOSSARY.
dhood' n bin* freef 'imd tu bigin*
wi; buot* dhoo'd ne*h' sens* tu
U'h'k aat' it' i *dhaat- lee*t,
(peasants' ref. [laa*t]) til* dhood*
8waat*u*ld it* tli*li*n uwe-h', bi
bit* nn* bit*].
Sw^ [swihl], V. a. and v. n. to
waste, or gutter away, as a
candle exposed to the wind.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Swebby [sweb'i], adv. faint;
Nidd.
Sweb [sweb*], a swoon ; Mid.
Swelt [swilt*, swelt'], y. a. and
V. n. to become heated to the
melting degree; to sweat pro-
fusely ; to smother with wraps ;
to suffocate ; to be in a state of
feverish excitement, and, as it
were, ready to perspire. Much
used in figure. Wh, 01, (with a
limited application) ; gen.
Swidge [8wij*|; or S wither
Sswidh*ur, swid**ur], v. a. to
>um, or smart, in a quickly
pulsating manner. Wh. 6L ;
gen. \Qi, Icel. «inlSt, the smart
caused by a bum; from ^vftSa,
to singe. — ^W. W. 8.] Swidge is
also employed as a singular sub-
stantive,
Swilk [swilk], v. n. and sb. to
plash about, like a little water
m a rolling cask ; gen.
Swill [swil*], hogwask Wh, Gfl.;
gen.
Swill [swil*], a shallow basket,
without handle. Wh, Gl, ; Mid.
Swingle fswing'u'l], v. a. To
swingle line, is a process in
dressing it for flax. A swingle
is an edged implement of wood,
used for beating and separating;
gen.
Swingle - tree [swing-ul -free"
(and) t*ri], a small swing-bar;
gen.
Swipple [swip'u'l], a flail ; Mid.
Swirt [8wu*t, swut-], V. a., v. n.,
and sb. to run swiftly ; Nidd.
Swirt [8wu*t], sb., v. a., and v. n.
squirt ; gen. Often with a short
vowel-Bound. Employing a low
figure, it will be said, 'Now,
then, swirt!* [Noodhen*, swut*!],
be off?
Switch [swich*], v. a. to make
drunk. Wh. Ql, ; Mid.
Switching [swich *in], adj. aston-
ishingly great; of great bulk.
Switcher [swich*u], sb. any-
thing great in substance, manner,
or conception. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Swizzen [8wiz*u'n], v. a. to singe,
or bum down. Wh. 01, ; gen.
Shortened, also, to swiz, with
the restricted meaning of, to
singe. The last form is also used
suhgtaniivtly.
Swizzle [swiz'u'l]; or Swizzle-
xnent [swiz'u'hnent (and) mint],
apnlied to any kind of beverage,
imoibed incessantly. Wh, Ol,;
gen. A more emphatic term is
guzzle [ffuoz*u*l], implying
great immoderation in use^
Sword • slipingg [swuo*h'd-,
swu'd-, su'd-, sao'd-, (in order
of refinement) slaa'pinz, (and)
sleyp'inz (re£)J, sb. pi. a figura-
tiye term equiyedent to the com-
mon one 'daggers-drawing,' as
used of people at sharp enmitr
with each otner. Wh, Ol, ; Mid.
Syler [saayiur], the fresh-water
shrimp; gon.
Ti [te-h', tae-] ; or T&in [tie-h'n] ;
or Xean [t:ih'n] ; or Tfia rti*h\],
a4j . the one ; gen. Though these
forms maybe conyeniently yaried.
their being so does not k>11ow of
necessity. At times one or other
of them are put to a wilful use,
as if to baffle all but natiye ears
in the endeayour to get a mean-
ing out of them. Let us suppose
a speaker addressing three per-
sons ; and here is a sample sen-
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
141
tenoe : ' Let to be at to side, and
to wi' to at tother ' [Lit* -te'h*
biv ut* 'tae'h* saa'd, iin* te'h*
(or [ti'h']) wi tae* ut* 'tuod'-u],
a sentence often made more
idiomatic by the substitution of
by [bi] for [wi] ; and, literally :
'Jjet the one be at the one side
and the one with (or, by) the
one at the other ; ' which is plain
enough to imderstand; so the
Yorkshire farmer favours it with
his yemacular, which is, as near-
ly as possible, all of a sort to
an unaccustomed ear.
TaokUng [taak-lin], gear, service,
or outfit of any kind; Mid.
*Tqsl' tackling' [Tih' - taaklin],
tea-service.
T4e [teh'J, sb. and v. a. the pro-
nunciation of toe; gen.
Ta^preen [taagieen], &dj, com-
bmed with «Aop, as a following
word, is used to denote a ragmart,
or place where odds and ends of
apparel, and other material, are
sold. Wh. GL; Mid.
Tak* off [taak- aof-1 v. n. and
V. a. to journey. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Tale [te-h'l], v. n. and v. a. to
make agree ; to reconcile, or be-
come reconoled. Wh, Gl. ; gen.
Tang [taang-] ; or Teng [teng-],
V. a., V. n., and sb. to sting ; gen. {
Tang [taang*], sb. sing, and pi.
tangles, or frondent sea-weed.
Wh, 01, ; Mid.
Tant [taant-], v. n. to job about,
in a slight way, doing anything
or nothmg ; gen.
Tantle [taan-tu'l], v. n. to go
about, or engage in action, with
weak, slight moyement. Wh,Ol,;
gen.
Tantril [taanii'ril], a vagrant ; a
person of vagabond habits. Wh,
01, ; Mid.
Tantmn [taan-t'run], v. n. to
plod, or drudge slowly about at
work, as is the habit of old
people, to keep thin^ straight,
as they are apt to say; Mid.
*He*s tantruning about in the
garth, now' [Eez* taani;*runin
uboot* i t ge'h th, noo*].
Tappy-lappy [taap-i-laapi], adv.
pell-mell; Mid,
Tastril [tih'-st'ril, teh'-st'ril], a
ro^e; a bad-dispositioned, or,
mischievous character. In the
last sense, chiefly used towards
the young, and is often a play-
ful term. JTh. Gl, ; gen.
Tatch [taach-l, v. n. to 'tat';
Mid.
Tea-grathing [ti-h'-gre-h'dhin] ;
or T^a-tattling [ti-h*-taatlin],
tea-things. Wh, 61, The first
is a Mid- Yorkshire term; the
last is general. In pause, or as
an isolated word, tea is usually
constant to its refined form,
[teyh*], generally.
T^ague [ti'h'g], a plague of a
person; Mid.
T^am [tih*Tn], v. a. and v. n. to
pour; to empty. Wh. 01. In
the last sense, the use of the
word is very occasional, and
confined to Mid- Yorkshire. The
past of tdam, to pour, is tame
[te'h'm]. Southward, tiieoreaen^
and pfjut are [tev'm] and [tem*],
respectively. The southern re-
fined form is [tee*m].
T^aty j;tih'i;il, adj. testy; touchy,
and mclined to snap. Wh, 01, ;
gen.
Teav [tiih'v] ; or Tiv [tivl ; or
Tev rtevl; or Tuv [tuovj; or
T^a [ti-h*]; or Tuh [tuj; or
T4e [teh'-] ; or Ti [ti] ; or Tk
[te] ; or Til [til'] ; or Tul [tuol],
prep, forms of to. Some are but
occasional, yet all heard. The
V forms usually find place before
vowels, ignoring any A's which
may stand in the way. They
are, too, employed occasionally
as emphatic words, and occur in
pause, but not necessarily. At
i
142
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
times, they are heard before the
usual contracted form of the de-
finite article [t* ]. The consonant
V will occur also before to com-
pounding with or preceding
another word, as in [tiv tu-
di'h'], to, or, until to-day. This
[tu] is the usual form in the
connection indicated; and is
also used in other ways, but,
considerable as this usa^ is, it is
not Tcnr noticeable. Lq toward,
tiv ana tuv are employed, and,
but very occasionally, tul. Old
people are partial to [ti*] in this
connection. The least used form
is tul, which impresses one as
haying merely strayed north,
and is the less heard as advance
is made in this direction. It is
a form distinguishing southern
speech. Tiv and til may be set
down as the most used forms, in
connected speech ; the last form
being re^raed as the most cha-
racteristic. Ti is highly dis-
tinctiye. Tuv straggles south,
by way of Crayen, but is essen-
tially a rural form. [Ti] and
[te] acquire [h'] in pause and
emphasis, and are so constantly
heard with this form in addition
that it may readily be taken for
being an obligatory one in rela-
tion to the word, however used.
Teave [t:i'hV], v. n. to act vio-
lently, in any way, as to be
rampant in speech, or physically
demonstrative. TFA. 01.; gen.
Tell [tel*, til-], V. a. to count;
Mid. It is often employed with
over, as an adverb, mostly fol-
lowing immediately, or after the
noim or its equivalent. This
and the verb are frequently used
in idiom by reason of an inter-
vening preposition, * on * for of,
* Gb and tell the ewe lambs over;
I am afraid one of them is miss-
ing/ * I can't tfll on them now ;
it's over dark ' [Gaan* un* til* t
yaow laamz* aowh'r; Aa*z fle'h*d
yaan* uv (or [aon*]) umz* mis'in.
Aa* kaa'nt til* aon' um* noo* ;
its* aow*h*r deh'-k].
Tell-pie-tit [tel--paay*-tit*] ; or
Tell-piet [tel'-paayt] ; or Tell-
pienot rtel*-paay*nutj ; or Tell-
pie [tel- - paay] ; or Pienot
[paaynu^; or iKe-ot [paay-
ut] ; or Nan-pie [naan'-paay*].
The magpie gets these various
names, which differ even in
neighbouring villages, and are
difficult to refer to locality. The
first four also designate a taU-
bearer,
' Tell-pie-tU,
Thy tongue 11 dit,
An every dog i' t* town 'U get a
bitr
B?ey paay* tit*
hi tuo'ng ul* slit*
Un* ivri dog* it* too*n ul* git* u bit*].
* TeJl-pie-ta,
Laid a' egg, an' couldn't sit I '
[Tel" paay tit*
lii'h'd u egg% un* kuo'du'nt sit*],
are samples of children's rhymes,
in connection with this bird of
imagined omen. The word is
one in which [aay] is usually
employed, as indicated, but there
are very many speakers who
substitute [aa*] always, and this
last vowel is practically in inter-
change with me first.
Telt [telt*], p. t. of told. This
is but a casual pronunciation in
Mid- Yorkshire, the usual one
being [tild*]. The thinning of
the mial consonant, though
heard, also, in other words, is a
more noticeable feature north-
wards, as in Cleveland.
Temse J^temz% timz*], "a coarse
hair-sieve, used in dressing floiir."
Wh, 01. ; gen. Temsings
[tem'zinz], sStings.
Tengin - ether [teng*in - edhur,
(and) idhur], the dragon-fly;
gen.
Tent [tent*, tint*], v. a. and v. n.
MID-TORKSHIRE OLOSSART.
143
to watcli oyer, or care for; to
wait upon ; to lay wait for ; to
compare, or count, t. e. to watch,
for the purpose of comparing or
enumerating. A term much
used in ironical remarks. It is
only employed as a neuter verb
in line sense first indicated. Wh,
01. ; gen.
Teiherment [tedh-ument], a bind-
mg or wrapping of any kind.
Wh. Gl. ; gen. There is an in-
terchange of [i] with each [e].
Tetter [tet*'ur, tit'-ur], v. a. and
sb. to ring or curl up, towards
entanglement. Wh. Gl. past
part.; gen.
Tew [ti'h*, teew], v. n. and v. a.
expressiye of the act of exer-
tion: to labour wearily; to be
restless against one's will; to
finger or turn over with the
hand repeatedly; to fatigue; to
harass, m body or mind. Tew-
ing [tiw'inj, past part, and a(^'.,
Wh. Gl., with a limited applica-
tion. This verb is in excessive
use oyer the county, and is also
employed as a substantive.
Tewit [tiwit], the pewit, or
lapwing; gen.
Thabble [thaab'u'l], a plug used
in connection with a cream-bowl,
and removed to withdraw the
milk. Wh. GL; gen.
Thak[thaak-] ; orThgak[th:i-li'k],
sb., V. a., and v. n. thatch.
Thdaker [th:i-h*ku], thakker
[thaak-u]. Wh. 01. ; gen. * As
thick as aud thtik to-gedder'
[Uz* thik* uz* ao'h*d thaak*
tugid'*ur]. Said of persons on
terms of close intimacy.
Tharf [thaa-f] ; or Thauf
[thao-h'f], adj. diffident ; unwill-
mg; reluctant; tardy; gen. The
last form is a Mid-Yorks. one.
A thauf- comer [thao'h'f-
kuom*u] is one who comes slowly,
in reluctance. Also, tharfish
[thaa'fish], adj., and tharfly
[thaa-fli], adv. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Theaf [dhii-h'f] ; or Thuf [dhuof,
dhuoV-f]; or Thof [dhof*]; (yr
Thauf tdhaof-, dhaoh'*f]; or
Thaf [dhreh'f], conj. forms of
though. The two first are com-
mon northern forms. Thuf,
Thof, and Tlilif, are Mid- York-
shire forms, casual to the north.
Thauf [dhaoh'f] is most heard
in Mid - Yorkshire, too, and
without the final element ; whilst
its variant, [dhaof *], is the refined
form general in this locality, and
northward. The [ao] is some-
times heard long, but never in
refined dialect. fVom short [ao]
to lon^ [ao] the lapse is into
vulgarity at once, in native
estimation.
Thick Fthik-], adj. friendly; on
dose terms of intimacy ; in col-
lusion. Wh. 01.; gen.
Tliick [thik'l, v. impers. to
thicken; Midi The participle
is in use, too. • T* day's thtck-
ing* [T di'h's thik*inj, getting
cloudy.
Thick [thik-], adj. hard, having
reference to hearing. ' He 's
thick of hearing' [&' thik* u
yi'h'rinl, hard of hearing, or
deaf. IVK 01.; gen. A more
usual though less gainly expres-
sion is, * thick i* f lug' (ear)
[thik* it* luog*]. The wora is
also employed as a neuter verb
occasionally in Mid-Yorks., in
coarse conversation. ' He begins
to thick i* f lug a bit ' [I biginz*
tu thik" if luog* u bit*].
Thir [dhur-l; or Thor [dliaor-],
pronominal adj. these. The first
IS a Nidderdale form ; the last is
general
Thiwle [thiv-u'l]; or Thawle
[thaavirl], a pot or pan-stick;
Mid. The last form is heard
also in Nidd.
Thoil rthao-yl]; or Thole
[tiiuo'hl], V. a., V. n., and sb. a
i
144
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
much-used word, with various
shades of meaning* but all
grounded, as it womd seem, on
file verb to suffer; een. 'It
was iU to thoi^ what ne did to
me ' rit* wur* il fand [yil*]) tu
thuo'Vl waat* i aid* tu mey],
was hard to bear. 'He's no
thoU in im' [Eez* ne*h' thao'yl
in* im*], no ^nerosity, or liber-
ality. * Thotl us Tme) a shilling '
[Tliao'vl uz* u shil'in], an ai>p^
to good nature. ' An old miser;
he can thde nobody nought'
Sin* ao*h*d maa*zur; i kun*
uo*h*l nchlxli naowt'l, cannot
bear to give. ' I know ms thoil *
[Aa* nao* iz* thao'yl!, his dis-
position. * It was baoly thoiled ;
it will do us no ^ood * fit* wur*
baad'li thao*yld ; itul* £ uz* nu
grh'd]. 'He's a rare tholer*
^Eez' u re'h' thuo'h'lur], a liberal
giver. [A.S. )H>/fan, Icel. f>o/^,
to suffer, bear, endure ; cognate
with Lat. Udleref Sanskr. <u/, to
lift— W. W. S.]
Thor [thaor*], pron. pL those.
Wh, w. ; gen., but most heard
northward.
Thorp [thu'p], a hamlet Wh,
01. ; Mid.
Thrang [thraang*, (and) t'raang*],
adj., V. a., andsb. busy; throng.
Wh, OL ; gen.
Thread [thrih'd], sb. and v. a.
the pronunciation of thread ; gen.
The southern form is [thrBed],
with a varying, but less used
one, in [threyc^.
Thr6aye [thri-h'v], a large pile
of sheaves; of wheat, &c.,
twelve ; of * ling,' or broom-
heath, twenty-four; of straw
twelve ' bats,' or sheaves ; gen.
Thribloiu [thriblus], adj. the
way frivolous is treated ; Mid.
Throdden [throd-u'n], v. n. to
thrive physically. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Thropple [thropu'l, thruopni'l],
V. a. to throttle. Thropple
[throp'ul], sb. the windpipe.
Wh. 01; gen.
Through open fthmof- op-u'n],
adj. a ready idiom in which the
first word nas the meanine of
thoroughly, and is applied to
persons and things, or to any
condition. A ' through - onen
draught ' [d'ruoft*], a me
draught— one from end to end,
as through opposite doors of an
apartment. A through-open sort
of person;— one whose motives
are transparent Wh. 01. ; gen.
Thrum [thruom*], v. n. and sb.
to purr. Wh, di. ; gen.
Thnunmle [thruomu'r!, ^* a* ^
feel or test with the fingers, but
using the thumb chiefly. Wh,
01.; gen.
Thnunmy [thraom-il, adj. having
substance, to bear feeling at, or,
fingering and thumbing. Wh.
01, ; gen.
Thnuten Jjrtiruo8*u'n], p. t, of
thrutA. Wh. 01, : gen.
ThruBtie [thruos-u'l], an
of ihitiUe ;
occa-
sional form of tfiidU; Mid.
[Dunbar has the form thrissili^
as in his poem of The Thrissill
and the Eois (Eose).— W. W. 8.]
Tioe [taa-s], v. a. to tempt;
Wh. 01.; gen.
Tick [tik*], a woodlouse ; gen.
Tid [tid*], sb. an ndder; Mid.
Tid [tid*], prep, toward ; Mid.
' He was flaid (afraid^ of going
tid it * [Ee waar* fli'h'd u gaanin
•tid* it*]. *Go tid it, honey*
[Gaan* -tid* it*, in*il. One of
the forms of to is [ti], whidi
might be regarded as a doubfitd
sound if this tid did not bring
it out clearly. Tid is a form
only old people indulge in ; the
yoimger prefer tuvrard and
tivrard [tuovud], [tivudl, but,
as a rule, add < to these forms,
even when the sense is singular.
Tie [taa*]; v. a. to bind, or render
MUJ-TORKSHIEE GLOSSAHY.
obligatory ; gem. The verb ia
UBually osBOCiated with a J>"^
noun, oM before the inde&iite
one in the phrase, ' It will tie
nobody to go ' [Ifu'l taa' ae'h'bdi
til gaanj, but the pott part., as
in the Wh. 01., is much more
Tifltop [toa-top, taay-, (and) tey-
top (r«f.]1. & roeette, or nbbon-
bcw. in. ai. ! gen.
Ti&nv [tif'u'ni], a fine gauze
sieve. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
work alone,
Tift [tift-], T
Tift [tift-], V. n. and ab. to scold ;
to betray hurt foelinga passion-
' ately. Tilting [t^'tin], ab.,
also. Wh. Ql. (Bbs.).
Tike [teak, ta'yk, teyk (ref.)],
' a dog. Muchemployed in figure,
and often beatowed playfully.
Wh. 01. ; gen.
TU [tU], prep. t«. Wh. Gl.;
I [taa'Iinz], sb. pL tiles;
Mid.
Tine [taa-n], a prong. Wh. Gl. ;
gen.
Tinklw [tingk'lur], ab. and v. a.
" ' "■' As a verb, the
" I the
tinker; Mid.
* I 'm goiug to tinkler that up a
bit' nU's boon tu tingk'lur
dhaat- nop- u bit]. TinUer is
also employed as an epithet
towards vnnily or miflmanaging
persona, young and old.
Tipe-trap [taap-fraap], a trap
with a movable bottom, which
&Us at one end and precipitates
tiie live weight into a pit, or
' other preparra leceptacle. Wh.
01. ; gen.
Tippy [tip'i], the brim of a hat.
or bonnet. Wh. 01. ; Mid,
Tite [tayt, teyt, taa-t], adv.
Boon ; gen. ' I had ae tiU go by
the waygate aa the Foaa ' (Uie
i - _: J [-^.j ^. t^y.j
wi'h'gih't nz- t
' Toyt ' is the refined
lorm, out most used. [Taa't],
the vulgar form, is least heard.
Titling [tit-lin], a hedg&^pariow ;
gen.
Titter [tit'-ur], adv. sooner, aoon-
eat. Wh. 01.; gen. 'Well,
" titter an' better," as t' th«aker
said by f dinner' rWoe-l, tit'-ur
un' bet'-ur, uz" t thih'kur sed-
bi V din'ur]. Well, ' sooner and
better,' as the thatcher said
(prospectively) of his dinner,
littereat [tit'-u'rist] auporL
soonest.
TiT [tivl, prep. tilL Heard oc-
casionally in this sense in Mid~
Yorka. ' Thou will hare to wait
till I do' [Dhool- e tu weh'-t
tiv aa di'h'J.
Tiwy [tivi], t. n. to be hurriedly
active. Wh. 01. ! gen, ' Now,
come, titnn/ 1' [Noo, 'kuo-m,
■tivi I], be off! 'We went, as
hard as We could tiwy ' [TVi
wint", UB" 'B'h'd uz' wi kud' tivi].
Also, tubttantiveli/.
Tod [tod], a fox. Upper Nidd.
Toffer [tof'ur] ; or Toffenuent
[tof -ument (and) mint], nibbiahv
material ; odds and ends . Wh.
at. ; Mid.
Toit [taoyt'], a helpless, dawdling
person ; one without managing
capability ; Mid,
Toit [taoyt'l ; or Holt [ooyt-],
V. n. to trifle foolishly. Wh. Gl.
(prea. part.] ; gen. The first
form, as usually employed, re-
fers directly to the action of so
tr ifling , and the last bears a per-
sonal reference. Toit, v. n.,
also, to dawdle. Both fonns are
I hoard as lubalaniices.
10
146
MID-TORKSHIKE GLOSSART.
Toitle [taoytul], v. n. to busy
one*8 self in a petty manner,
with nne^ual strength ; labouring
more in idea than reality ; Mid.
* Poor old man of ninety ! He
EtoiUxng about at all ends
MBsantly), and never thinks
done * [Fuo'h'r ao*h*d maan'
u nee'nti, i gaanz* taoytlin
uboot* ut' yaal* inz*, un* nivur
thingks* eez' di*h*n].
Toll-booth [taowl'-bih'dh, boodh
(rel)]. The public official build-
ing of a market-town is so
designated in some localities of
Mid-Yorks.
Tommypany [Tomipaa-si], the
sticldeback; Mid.
Tom-pimpemowl [Tom--pim*pu-
naowl], the pimpernel, or ' poor
man*s weather-glass ; ' gen.
Toom [too-m], adj. empty. Wh,
01.; gen.
Topping [top-in], the foretop of
heSr. To * cowl ' [kaowl] (to
rake, or gather) a person's top-
fing, is to beat him about tne
nead. Wh, OL ; gen.
Torment [tu*ment], a contraction
of the herb tormentil ; Mid.
Torple [taoh'-pu*l] ; or Tnrple
Stu-pul] ; or Torfle [taoh'ful] ;
?urfle [tu-ful], V. n. to die.
The term is only used in con-
nection with animals; and the
yarious forms are general.
Tottering [tot'-u'rin], adj. vari-
able, or indifferent ; of a charac-
ter to create suspense. Frequent
as a weather-term. Wh, GL ;
gen.
Touchons [tuoch-us], adj. touchy;
testy. Wh, 01, ; gen.
Town [too-nl. Every little vil-
lage gets tnis name ; the way
through being called the Town-
gate [tooii-g:i'h*t] ; gen.
Towp [tao>\'p-] ; or Towple
[taowpni'l] ; or Tipe [taa*p] ; or
Tiple [taa-pu'l] ; or T6ap [ti*np] ;
or Ttople [ti'h'pul], v. n. and
V. a. The usual sig^iification of
the radical form is, to <ip, or
tUtf and the affix is supplied
when the meaning is changed
to express over-tuming^ or in
implymg this meaning. The
two last forms are used by old
people; the two first are most
generally characteristic \ the
middle two are employed as re-
fined forms. The three first are
exampled in the Wh, 01. ; gen.
Towser [taowziir], a plaod of
custody, having an indefinable
locality ; Mid. * I 'U put tiiee
r Toto$er* [Aa*l puot* dhee* i
'Taowz'urJ. In some localities,
the word is used of the common
jaiL
To-year [tu-yi-h'r], this year ;
Mid. Heard but at chance times.
Trabbil [t'raab-il], a housewife's
boiler-stick; Mid.
Traoens J^fre-h'sinz], sb. pL traces,
belongmg to harness ; Mid.
Trail-tongs [Vre-h'l-tengz], a slip-
shod female, whose manner of
movement is suggestive of the
trailing of a pair of tongs. Wh.
01, ; gen.
Trallok [t'raal-uk], v. a. to trail,
in an obstructive maimer ; Mid.
A cheap, showy dress is spoken
of as a ' tralloking thin^ ; ' in
indication of the use it is only
good for.
Trallop [t'raal'up] ; or Trallops
[fraal'upsl an untidy, indolent
person. Trallopy [t'raal'upi],
adj. {Wh, 01.); gen.
Tramper [t'raam'pu], a tramp, or
vagrant Wh, 01. ; gen.
Transh [t'raansh*], y. a. and sb.
to toil in walking, as in going
a distance across fields on a wet
day; Mid.
Trap [t*raap'], v. a. to jam. Wh.
01, past part ; gen*
Trapes [t*roh'ps], v. a. slightly
HID-TORKSniRE GLOSSARY.
147
as a Y. n., and substantiyely. To
trudge along, with a dragging
gait, through 'thick and thin,
as the phrase goes. In such
sentences, frequent in angry
talk, where opprobrious adjec-
tiyes accumulate, "trapsing"
[fre-h'psin] {JTh, 01) is often
one of me number ; gen.
Trash [t*raash'1, a worthless fe-
male ; a miscnieyous girl. Ap-
plied, generally, as a term of
reproach towards females. IVh,
Ot,, but where this restriction of
meaning does not seem to be
implied ; gen.
Trenity [Tren-uti], Trinity. May
be noted as a peculiar pronunci-
ation, which obtains in the re-
fined as well as in the vulgar
phase; gen. In the former,
*Holy ftinitrr Church' would
be designated [Aoii Tren'u'ti
Ohaoch'J. In the latter, these
words repeated would be [Aih'li
T'ren'u'ti ChuochJ ; and, famili-
arly, [rren-u'ti Kaork-], Kirk.
Tribit-Btick [t'rib-it-stik] ; or
Trivit-stick [f rivit-stik'], the
long pliable stick, with a loose
dub-end, used in the game of
• knor and spell. * Wh, 01., where
there is the suggestion, that the
first form is derived from ' ' three
feet," the required length of the
stick. This is a mistake; and
now-a-days expert players re-
quire a much longer-sized stick,
for the purpose of "getting
swing"; gen. [Trevit or trivit,
Mbbk, and trippet are all cor-
ruptions from the O.Fr. trebuchet,
a pitfifdl or trap ; see Cotgrave's
Fraich Dictionary. The forms
irypd, trebgot, irepgette occur in
the P^romptorium ; and irepget,
a pitfiail, occurs in Piers the
Plowman, A* xii. 86, on which
I have a note in the press. The
irevit is, in £ELct, the trap itself;
and the irevf testicle the stick with
which the trap is struck. See
this discussed in Atkinson's [
Cleveland Glossary, s. v. tribhtt-
stick, where the correct explana-
tion (of which there need be no
doubt) is suggested and LUus-
trated.— W. W. S.]
Trig [frig'], v. a. (usually fol-
lowed by a personal pronoun)
and V. n. (casually) to feed
plentifully, or cram ; to recover
condition by feeding. Wh. GL
past part. ; gen.
Trigger [t'rig-url, a hard task,
familiarly ; Mid. * Thou 's got-
ten (ffot) a trigger at last ' [Dhooz*
git-u n u f rig'ur ut* laast*].
Trist [t'rist-] ; or Thrust [t'ruost-,
t*ruo'stl, sb., V. n., and v. a.
trust; Mid.
Trod [t'rod-], a footpath. Wh.
01, ; gen.
TrollybodB [t'rol-ibuodz (and)
bodz], sb. pL entrails. Wh, 01, :
Mid.
Trough [t'ruof-l, a coflin, of old
shape ( Wh, Gl?) ; a stone dstem;
Mid. Trough is pronounced
identically.
Trounce [t'roons*], v. a. to flog ;
trouncing [froon'sin], a flog-
ging; gen.
Trumpery [t'ruom'puril, a pre-
tentious, or disreputable female.
Wh, Gl; Mid.
Trundle [t'ruon-u'l], sb. and v. a.
a hoop. JVh, 01. (vb.) ; gen.
Trunnels [t'ruon*ulz], sb. pL the
entrails of an animal ; Mid.
Trute [friwt-], truth, as some*
times pronounced ; Mid.
Tuft [tuofb-l, the ground occupied
by a dwelling-place; Mid. Cf.
iJowes - toft, in Suffolk ; and
Burman - tofts (locally pro-
nounced [Bu'muntops]}, near
XjOOCLS.
Turn [tuom*], v. a. and v. n. to
rough-card wool. Wh, 01,; gen.
Tumbrel [tuom-ril]; or Tumle-
car [tuom'u'l-kaa*rj, a rude kind
HID-TOBKSHIRE GLOSSABT.
of owt, with be«Ty block wKeelsi,
in lue on the peat-moora. It
ia in more character, however,
Binone the fella of the north-
irert dales, jolting its waj dovn
■teep uid rough inclines which
wooJd render a break-down to
ftny ordinary - limbed Tehicle
inevitable.
np [tnop-], T. &., T. D., and eb. to
butt; gen.
Tap [taop'J, a mm ; gen. Anti-
qui^ed people more fi^uently
«mplo7 (ih'-] for the ToweL
Tnptak [tuop'taak-], used of a
person, ft related event, or ar-
cnmetance of any kind of a sur-
passing character — besting all
and ererything. Spelt uptak
in the Wh. GL The term ia
general to the county, and if the
initial ( represents the definite
article, the letter has become
welded to the substantive, the
article intact being, at times,
employed before it. ' What a
tupUA he is ! ' pffaat' a tnop'-
taak'i:i'z!]. Also in infrequent
use as an ixiivt vrrb, to astound.
Tnimot [tn-mut] ; or Tnimit
[taWt], turnip; gen.
Tnrnpool [ton pool], whirlpool;
Hid.
Tatty [tuot-il, adj. testy; touchy.
Wh. m. ; Mid.
Twsngy [twaangn], adj. affected
in talk, Wh. 01. ; gen.
Trattle [twaatu'l], v. a. and
V. n. to talk to, porauaaively, or
coaxingly ; to entice with words
and bdiaviour. H'A. Gl.; Mid.
Also, tubatantivfly.
Twattle ^waat-u'I], v. a. to chide ;
Mid. Twaddle, sb. has also thia
pronunciation.
TwCatr [twi-h'g], v. a. and sb.
to tweak ; gen.
TwiU [twil], quilL Wit. Gl;
gan.
Twilt[twilf],»qnflt }Fh.GL;
gen.
Twilt [twilf], T. s. to beat in
any manner, ^ve with the dosed
I fiat irt. GL; gen. Also, lub-
ttantirrlif.
Twine [twaa-n], t. n. to whina
discontentedly. Twinyftwaa'nil
adj. (Wh. 01.)-. gin. Twins ia
also used nibUatUir*t>f.
Twist [twist-], V. n. to ntt«r a
laboured, peevish aj, or stnun
the tone in complaining. Twisty
[twia-ti], adj. (Wh. Gi.); gen.
Twitohbell [twich-bel]; or
Twitehib«U [twich-ibef], the
earwig. Wh. Gl.; gen.
Twitter [twif -n], v. a. to tease ;
Mid.
Twitter [twit'-ur], nonn-adj. the
time of twilight; Mid. 'He
came about the fvn'Uer of day'
[Ee kaam- uboot- t twit'-nr a
di-h'].
Twitter [twitmr], t. n. to mn
up to a curled, twisted state, as
thread after bong knit, or when
unevenly spun. The plural is
formed by the addition of *, as
in the Wk. Gl. Also, to givo
way to fretful complaint or fore-
boding. Twitters [twit-uz],
sb. to be in this state, or in a
state of anxious suapeuse ; gen.
Udder [uod'ur], adj. other ; gen.
Udge [uoj-], V. n. to shake in
laughter, convulsively, Wh.Ql.;
tTnutrid [uoniRt'rid'l, adv. astride.
Wh. 01. ; Mid. The last form
ia also in use [usfraa'd].
n&bethink [uonbithingk-], v. a.
to take unawarea, by worda or
conduct ; to recur to recollec-
tion. Unbethinking is em-
ployed Bubitantivtiy in the first
sense. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
Under ~ anemt [uou'd'ur- (ao,d)
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
149
[uon'ur - tinen'st], adv. on the
opposite side below. Forms of
this construction are more heard
in town than rural dialect, but
are still current in the latter.
They are convenient ones. Other
similar general forms are :
Yonder - anenst [yaoh'ud'ur-
unen'st, yuoh'Tid*ur - unen'st],
opposite at a distance. These
are heard with the dental d,
north and east generally; but
with ih, commonly, in the south.
Over-anenst [aow'h'r-unen'st],
over-against. This is the general
town form. The country form is
Saow'h'r-unen'st], refined [aov]
or the first syllable; and in
very refined speech, with the
long vowel always. In town
dialect, the refined form of over
is [uoh'*vur] and [ovur], which
are always employed in reading.
Close - anenst [tli'h's-unen'st^ ,
refined [tlaoh^'s (and) tlaosj,
close opposite.
Farther ' anenst [fiEia*d'ur-un-
en'st], opposite in a further di-
rection. The fd'] is usually [thl
in the south, but the simple [dj
is frequently heard in the Leeds
district.
Fore - anenst [f&OT* - unen'st,
fur* - unen'st], straight before.
The last is me very much used
rural refined form, which, refin-
ing upon itself, as in the York
tr^lespeople's dialect, has always
the tt long [fu'r'].
Even^nenst [iVvun-unen'st] ;
or Fair - even - anenst [fe'h*r-
i'h'vun-unen'st], alongside, and,
quite alongside, respectively. In
tne pronunciation of even the
initial vowel is, in this connec-
tion, one of those distinctive
ones which mark rural speech.
The usual pronunciation of this
word in town dialect is [evu*n],
and, very casually, [i*h*vu'n] ; but
when the word is compounded,
then the liability to change
ceases, and [e] is always em-
ployed. The s in the laist word
of these several forms, may be,
in all cases, and is very often
elided ; and the vowel also inter-
changes with [i].
XTndercold [uon-d'ukao-h'd], a
cold caught from the ground.
A term associated with loose
apparel. Wh, 01,; gen.
XTndergang [uond'ugaang* (and)
gaan'j, v. a. to undergo. TJnder-
gangmg, sb. Wh, 01, ; gen.
XTndergang [uon'd'ugaang], a
tunnel, or long archway. Wh^
Oh; gen.
Underhanded [uon'd'uraan'did],
adj. undersizea in person. Wn.
OL; gen.
Underlings [uon-d'ulinz], prep,
under ; Mid.
XTngain [nopge-h'n], adj. not con-,
veniently near. Wh, 61,; gen.
XTnheppen fuonepni'n], adj. un-
fittmg I unhandy ; unadapted for
a position, or for pa^cular
duties. Wh, Gl, ; ISii
XTnkerd [uon'kurd], adj. strange ;
Mid. ' Unkerd noises' will be
heard about a house by bed-
listeners. When a person is
necessitated to perform duties
he is not accustomed to, he will
apologise for their performance
by saying he is unkerd to them.
XTnlisting [uonlistin], adj. un-
willing. Wh, 61. ; Mid.
XTnmensefol [uonmens'fuol], adj.
unbecoming, unseemly ; ill-
mannered, or ill-dressed; tui-
tidy. Wh, GL; gen.
XTnsayable [uonse-h'bu'l], adj. not
to be controlled by word ; way-
ward. Wh, Gl,; gen
Until [uontil-], prep, unto; Mid.
In occasional use.
Upgang [uop-gaang], a hilly
path, or track. Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Uphold [uopaoh'-d, uopod*], v. a.
to uphold, or maintain in as-
severatipn. Usually followed by
IjO
MID-YORKSHIBE GLOSSARY.
a penonal prononn 8LD^:alar.
ALbo, with an increase of idiom,
used substaniirtlt/t for a main-
tained or upholden state of
wa3rwardnes8. ' He *s of a des-
perate uphold • [Eez* uv u* dis'-
pnit oopod'], bears a character
for the disposition indicated, or
understood. Wh, Gl. The rtrb
is general ; the substantive is
heard in Mid- Yorkshire.
TTplooking [aop-lih'kin], adj.
An uplooking person, is one
with a brave, bright face ; Mid.
'She's nonght but one bairn,
and a fine uplooking young dog
he is — as sharp as a briar'
[Shih''z nob'ut jraan* be-h'n,
un' u faa'n uop'h'h'kin yuo*ng
dog* i iz* — uz* 8heh*'p uz* u
brrh'r].
TJpshak' [aop'shaak], a commo-
tion ; gen.
XTpstand [uopstaan*], v. a. to
stand up. TJpstanding, pres.
part. (TTA. Gl.) and adj. ; gen.
TJrohon [uchun] ; or Otchon
[ot'chun, aot'ohun], a hedgehog ;
gen.
lire [yiwh'r], udder. Wh. GL ;
gou. [Cf. Icel. jugr, udder. —
W. W. S.]
XTrf. See Hurt
TJrl. See Hurl.
TJrling [uo-h'lin], a dwarfish
child, or person. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Venture [ven't'ur, vin't'ur], v. a.
used occasionally in the sense of
to hope for, or expect; Mid. The
dental t is infrequent in the last
form. Sometimes on is used
conjointly. * I shall venture on
his coming: he said he would'
tAa* sul* ven't'ur on* (or, of
uvl) iz* kuo'min : i sed* i
waad'] — would come.
Viewly [veewli], adj. comely, or
good-looking. Applied to per-
sons and things ; Mid.
l^lewMOio [Teeipsam, f eewsmn],
adj. comely, or good-looldiig.
Wh, GL ; geiL Also, in allusiofii
to any natural object which is
pleasing to the eye.
Waeker [waakiir], v. n. and sK
to shake, noisily ; gen. To take
the blinders off a horse's head in
a busy thoroughfi&re will be IDLely
to cause the animal to wachar, in
affiight
W^*8 me ! [we-h'z mee* !] ; or
Wke^M o' me ! [we-h'z u mee* !
(and) mey! (ref.^]; or Wkel^u
heart ! [we-h'z le'Vt .Q ; or WkB*m
heart o' me! [we'h'z :e-h't u
mee- ! (and) mey T(refl)] ; or Wies
ia t' heart 1 [weh'z iz t :e-h't!];
or Wae's o thee I [we*h*z u
dhee- ! (and) dhey I (ref.)l, a
common interjection on slightly
serious occasions, and tlius varied.
The vowel in the first word in-
terchanges with [i*], and this is
often heard amongst old people.
The last form (Wh. GL) w used
by some Mid- Yorkshire speakers.
The preceding ones are generaL
The third and fourth are much
employed in Nidderdale.
Wae worth ! [weh' -waoth- !
•waoh''th I 'wuoth- ! •wuoh'*th !
•woth* ! "wih'-th ! (and, occasion-
ally) -waath' !], an inteijectional
form, usually followed by a pro-
noun, but not restricted to ye,
as in the Wh, GL At odd times,
the phrase is uttered in real ex-
citement, but it is generally as-
sociated with a playful temper.
It is much employed in refined
speech [wao* -wuth* I] ; gen.
Waf [waaf-] ; or Waft [waaftl,
a ghding spectre. WL Gl, ; Mid.
Waft [waaft'], a waft or puflf of
wind. Wh, GL; gen.
Wage [wih'-j], wages. Wh, GL
The use of this singular form
for the plural is general to the
county.
MID-TORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
151
Wail [we'hl], v. a. to beat ; gen.
Also, T. n. to walk rapi^ ; gen*
• Didn't ns wail away f ' [Did-u'nt
nz" we'hl uwe'h* I], Didn't we
go at a rate !
Wain [weh'n], waggon. Wh
61, : gen.
Waintly [weh'-ntli], adv. very
greatly, or deaperatelyj with the
exaggeration attaching to this
worn colloquially; lifid. *We
are always wainUt/ throng t^gftin
(near to) Martmmas', [Wih**
yaal'us weV'ntli t'raang'ugih'n
Me'h'timns]. See Went.
Wa*ke [we-h'k], casually em-
ployed in Mid-Yorks. and the
north, for vigils, or the super-
stitious rites performed on the
evee of St Agnes and St Mark.
Also, Buhttantivelyf in the more
usual sense of, to carouse from
ni^ht to morning in a house con-
taming a corpse — a custom lin-
gering more especially amongjst
uie Catholic peasantry found in
some of the villages and market-
towns. Wh. 01.
Wakeman [we'h'kmun], formerly
the title of a chief magistrate,
as at Eipon ; Mid.
Wakensome [waak*u*nsum], adj.
indisposed to sleep, at a season-
able time ; easily awaked. Wh,
OL ; gen.
Wakken [waak'un], v. a. and
V. n. to wake; and also employed
as an adj. ; gen. to the county.
Wale [we-h'l, wi-h'l], v. a. to
flog, or beat, with force ; to flog
wiui a heavy lash, or strap.
W^aU [wi'h'iz], and walings
Swe'h'linz], sbs. pi. a continuous
iog^g, or beating. A tongue-
waling [tuong* - we"h'lin], or
tongue-padding [paadin], sbs.
a severe scolding, or round of
abuse. Wh, GL ; gen.
Waling [we-h'lin], adj. Any-
thing very larce is of * a waling
size' [u we'hlin saa'z], or 'a
waler* [u we'hlur]; Mid.
Walk fwaoh'^k], v. a. to beat, or
thrash; Mid. The use of the
verb for to full has not yet died
out in some rural localities. The
figure is in very common use
southward, but always in com-
pany with the preposition into—
to * walk into * ['^ao'h'k in*tuol],
a phrase which, in its meaning
of to beat, is widely known for
slang.
Walker [w:ao-h'kur], a fuller.
Walking-mill [w:aoh*kin-mil],
a fulling-mill. JVh, 61. Not
much heard in Nidderdale, but
general to Mid- Yorkshire and
iJie north. The verh, to walk, is
also heard. The vowel inter-
changes with [uo].
Wallet [waal'it], a travellings
provision, or hand-bag of any
kind, usually of spim materiaL
Wh. GL ; gen.
Walsh [waalsh*], adj. insipid.
Wh. 61. : gen.
Walt [wolt", waolt'], v. a. and
sb. to overturn ; gen.
Warn [waam*], a swamp ; Nidd.
rCf. wambe, a bubbling up;
Halliwell: and c£ s-wamp. —
W. W. S.]
Wamble [waamnil], v. n. used
to denote the rumbling action of
the bowels when the stomach is
empty; gen. The equivalent
southward is gruni*lin' ||gruom'-
lin]. The first term is often
heard as [waam'bul].
Wamp [waamp-], the sand of
mines — very small and fine;
Nidd.
Wandy [waan'di], adj. * A wandy
body,' is a person one would
consider stout, but who is well-
made and active ; Mid.
Wangle [waangu'l], verb impers.
to rock, or shake, noisily. Wh.
61. ; Mid. Also, to jangle.
Wankle [waang-kul], adj. weak;
153
MTD-TORKSniHE GLOSSART.
unstable ; irresolute; inconstant.
Wh, 01. : gen. Also, wanklety
[waang'kulti], shaky, orunfirm;
loose -jointed. In Nidderdale,
and parts of the north, the
second vowel of the first form
is changed to [i].
Wap [waap'1, V. a. and sb. to
bang, or slam; also, a smart
blow, and to give one. Wh, 01,;
gen.
Wap [waap-] ; or Walp [waalp*] ;
. or Wallop [waal'up], v. a. to
beat. Wap and ivalp are also
used substantively ; gen. A
story is told of a girl, who, on
being interviewed by the clergy-
man of the parish, responded to
the two first questions of the
Catechism as follows : — What it
thy name f * Moll WaUop ' [Mol-
Waal'up]. Who gave thee that
name 9 * T* lads, when they were
laking at shinnups' [T Laadz*,
wen* dhe ^nir* le'h'kin ut* shin*-
ups], playing at the game of
stick and ball known by this
name.
War [waai], adj. aware ; gen.
War [waai], adj. worse ; gen.
Warday [waa'du], weekday.
Also, with added $ {Wh, Gl.)i
gon. In Mid- Yorkshire, the first
vowel is often [e'h']. [Lit. work-
d^y, Ilalliwell gives — * Warday ^
a workday. North.'— W. W. S.]
Wardle J^waa-du'l], v. n. to shuffle,
or eqiuvocato ; gen.
Ware fwe-h'r], v. a. to spend.
Wh, 6l, ; gen.
Wark [waak], v. n. to ache.
Wh, Gl, ; gen. * My back warha
while I can hardly bide ' [Maa*
baak* waa'ks waal* Aa kun'
aa'dliz baa*d], aches so that I
can hardly endure.
Wark [waak], v. n., v. a., and sb.
to work; gen. Also, suhetantiveJy,
in the sense of a structure ; also,
a bulwark. Mr Marshall {Rural
Economy of Yorkshire), in a note
to this word, exampled as a nth^
stantive, says : " But, what is
noticeable, the verb to work^ and
the substantive worker take the
established pronunciation ; " see
R D. a GlossL B. 2, p. 42. In
the Wh, Gl, the word is not re-
cognised. In Mid-Torkshire,
and the north generally, the
pronunciation is common to the
several parts of speech. At the
same time, the vowel [aa*] in-
terchanges with [uo] in the
forms referred to by Mr Mar-
shalL Nor is this interchange
brought about by the adoption
of the refined vowel, whidi is
[ao] distinctively. No such inter-
change is observable in southern
dialect, the vowel employed being,
in all cases, [aa*].
Warp [we'h'p], an accumulation
of sand, or other matter, ob-
structing the flow of water. Wh.
01, : gon. Also, a verb active,
Warridge [waaridj], v. n. to
manage, in the sense of making^
shift; Nidd.
Warridge [waar-ij], withers.
Wh, Gl, ; Mid.
Warrish [waar'ish], v. a. to
vanquish; Mid.
Warsen [waa'su'n], v. a. and v. n.
to grow worse. Warsenin^
[waa*snin], pres. part. Also,
substantively^ for a state of de-
clension. Wh, 01,; gen.
Warzle [waa'zu'l], v. a. to cajole,
Warzlement [waa*zu*linint],
blandishment Wh, 01,; Mid.
Was [waaz-], V. n. The employ-
ment of this form is a distinctive
feature of rural dialect. Its
other form in this connection is
trar [waar] (short or long, ac-
cording to position). Neiuieris
this form employed in town dia-
lect. Wor [waor*, wor*], and
Wur [wur*], are the town forms.
The declension of these forms is
shown in the notes prefixed to the
glossary.
MID- YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
153
Wasteness [wi-h'stnus], a waste
place; Mid.
Wastril [we'h'st'ril], a waster, or
spendthrift. Wh, Gl. ; Mid.
Also, a worthless article; an
imperfect piece of any set of
things.
Water - crow [waat*-ur-krao"h'],
the coote, or water-hen ; gen.
Water-whelp [waat'mr-welp], a
dumpling, made of flour and
water, with salt added; Mid.
The poor people are apt to be
shy in confessmg they have ever
partaken of this dainty.
Wattle [waat'ul], a rod, or stout
flexible twig; chiefly used in
thatching. Wh. Gl.; gen.
Wanf rwao-h'f]; or Waufish
[wrao'h'flsh], adj. faint Also,
anything faint or feeble to the
taste. waufLshness [w:ao*h'-
fishnus], sb. Wh, GL ; Mid.
Waver [we'h'viirl, a light coquet-
ting breeze. Wh, Gl. ; Mid.
Waver [we'h'vur], another term
applied to a twig shooting from
a fallen tree ; Mid. See Sucker.
Wax [waaks*], v. n. to grow.
Also, substantively^ for growth.
Wh, Gl, ; gen.
Waygate [wi-h'g:eh't], footpath,
usually, but applied to any kind
of pathway, mdiscnminately ;
gen. Also, in flgurative use.
'No man's so hard set (finds
it so hard to get on) as a poor
farmer. He can make a waygate
for all that he has, from an e^^
to a calf' [Neh* maanz* su aa*d
• set* uz* u puo'hV faamur. I
kun* maak* u wih'g:eh't fur
yaal* ut i ez*, frae* un* e^' tiv
u kao-h'f].
Waygoing [wi-h'gaa-in (and)
gaan^], adj. Applied to the
growmg crops, produce, or stock
generally, left behind by an out-
going tenant of a farm. The
. . term does not necessarily stand
in a definite relation either to
the outgoer or the incomer. A
crop is often referred to as a
waygoing one while the arrange-
ments for the rights of owner-
ship are yet pendmg ; gen.
Waywarden [we*h'waa"du'n], a
highway - surveyor ; Mid. A
thoroughly antiquated speaker
would say [wi'h'weh'du'nj.
Wea [wi'hn, noun-adj. troubled
in mind ; naying the feeling of
woe; Mid. 'He's very wea*
[Eez* vaar'u wi'h']. This is the
g renunciation of woe^ as heard
'om the old people of the nortiii ;
and the terms may be identical.
Such phrases, too, as * Wea for
thee, my lad I ' [Wi'h fu dhu,
mi laad* !], are familiarly known.
The true Mid- York, pronuncia-
tion of woe is [we*h'].
Weabel [wi-h'bu'I], a minute
worm infesting the granary; a
weevil; gen.
Wead [wdh'dl; or Wnd [wuod-],
adj. mad. Wh, 01, In. occa-
sional use in Mid- Yorkshire.
Weaky [wii-h'ki], adj. moist^
juicy. Wh, Gl. ; gen. fCf. IceL
voAt, moist.— W. W. S.]
Weam [wi*h'm], the stomach ;
gen.
Wean [wi'h'n], not restricted in
application to infants; but be-
stowed, too, as an epithet, on
those of larger growtn. *Now
then, you two great lallopin*
weans, where have you been all
t* mom P ' [Noo dhen*, jri* twe'h
•gut* 'laal*upin wi'h'nz, wi-h*r
ae yu bin* yaal* t muoh''n?].
Employed, also, familiarly, for
woman {Wh, Gl.), W^anish
[wi'h'nish], adj. womanish, or
effeminate; Mid.
Weang [wib'^ng], the pointed
tooth of any metal instrument,
as a spur. Wh, Gl,; gen. A
peculiar pronunciation, and dis-
tinct from wangi as in wang-
154
MID-TORKSUIRE GLOSSARY.
tooth [waang*-ti*li*tli], a jaw-
tooth ; and [weng* - tuoyth*]
southward, where weang is un-
heard.
WSat [wih't], V. n. and sb. to
sweat, is sometimes heard in this
form, with the loss of its initial
consonant ; Mid. ' I don*t know
what fulB thy back, "Will, proper
name), but mine weaU aboye a
bit' [Aa* di'h'nt naoii* waat*
yaalz' *dhaa* baak*, Wil', but*
*maa*n w:i*h*ts uboo'n u bit'].
The word may be weet— -ti;c<,
which has two pronunciations:
the common one, [wee*t] or
[weet'1, and a conditional one,
wih^'tj. [The latter supposition
IS the more likely ; c£ IceL vdtr,
wet, adjective; vdtna, to become
wet, vert.— W. W. S.]
Wcazand [wih'zu'nd], the wind-
pipe. JVh. Oh; gen.
Wed [wed*, wid'], v. a., v. n.,
and adj. to marry; also, sb.
married. Weddinger [wed*-
inul, sb. one belonging to a
bridal party. Wh, Ot, ; gen.
Weft [weft*], V. a. to fight, or
beat with determination; gen.
; Weft into him !\[Weft- in-tu'l
im* .'], go into him ! * I gave
him a good we/ting* [Aa* gaav
im* u g[i'h'd woftin]. Buft
[buoft*] is used in the same
manner in the Halifax district.
Weigh [wey], a hundred-weight,
in the measurement of ore ; Nidd.
Weigh - balks [wey - b^oh'ks],
beam - scales, balanced when
lifted. JVL OL; gen. The
term is more usually applied,
in the singiilar and plural, to
tiie scale-beam alone, but has
fdso the application indicated.
Welt [welt'], v. a. and sb. to beat
with a flexible article of any
kind. Welting [wel'tin], adj.
and sb. Wh, GL ; gen.
Went [went*], adj. vast. Wit,
GL OccasionaUy heard in Mid-
Yorkshire. See Waintly.
W^ny [wee'ni], adj. tiny ; Mid.
Wet [wit*, wet*] ; or Weet [weet-],
v. a. and sb. employed as the
equivalent of rath; gen. The
first form is the usual substan-
tive one. ' It's boon to wet ' (or
weet) [Itz* boon' tu wet*], or
[weet'J
Wewt [wiwt*], a tuft; applied
to young grass ; Mid.
Whack [waak*], a large quantity,
or portion. JTh, GL ; gen.
Whacking [waakin], adj. 'A
whacking lot' — an impreesiyely
large number, or a subetantiiu.
portion.
Whaff [waaf'], v. n. and sb. to
bark; een. Wh,Gl. The ejfori
of barking is rather implied,
since wJuiff and hark are fre-
quently tised together. Do^
bark till they can but whaff ^ in
an exhausted state. A ' whaffy
body,' is a newsy person ; and a
whaffler a talebearer ; Mid.
Whang [waang*], a large slice,
or cut por tion, of any kind of
food. Whanging [waang*in],
adj. Wh, GL; gen.
Whang [waang*], v. a. and sb.
to beat with a thong, or strike
about Also whang, and
wh^ang [wi'h'ng], sbs. a thong.
Wh, OL ; gen.
Whang [waang], v. a. and eb.
to fall heavily. WK OL ; gen.
Whank [waangk*], a large por-
tion ; gen. * A whanking lump '
[U waang*kin luomp*]. * That 's
a whank big enough' [Dhaats*
u waangk* big* uni*h'f]. •A
whanker [U waang*kur] .
Wha'sowt! rwe*h'z aoh**t ?1 ; or
Wh^a'8 owtP rwi*h'z aohH?].
Equivalent to, Whose own is it P
— to whom does it belong P The
last form is given in the Wh, OL
In each case the vowel is sensibly
long at times* The last word of
HID-TOBKSHIRE GLOSSART.
155
the plirase is not UBed in refined
speech, which, however, has a
similar idiom in owes — * Who *8
owe9 that ? ' [Wao'z ao'z dhaat* P],
Who 's own IS that ? gen.
What oheer ! [waat- chi-h'r !], in-
terj. a form of salutation between
equaLs ; gen. Thus, two ' teams-
men' meeting on the highway
will, while yet at some distance,
shout together : * Good-morning;
whai cheer ! what cheer ! *
What on ! [waat* aon*], pron. reL
an interroeatiye phrase equiv-
alent to. What do you say P as
employed to elicit repetition.
Wh, GL Casual to Mid-Yorks.
Whanp [wao'h'p], the curlew.
Wh^*8 0* thee 1 [wih'z u *dhee*
(and) 'dhey (ref.^]. Who's own
IS thou P or, who s of thee ? t. e.
Who are you P Who do you
belong to? Wh. GL ; Mid.
Thoa [dhoo*] is also employed
as the j>er8onal pronoun. This
form IS roughly refined in
[dhaow*], and m refined speech
proper is heard as [dhuw* (and)
dhuuw].
Whelk [welk*], a laigo portion,
or quantity ; gen. * There were
a whdk o' folk there ' [Dhu wur*
u -welk- u -fuo-hTc dhi-h*r]. The
word whelking [wel'kin], adj.
is also resorted to, to convey
the same idea. * There were
a wheUeing lot there ' [Dhu wur*
u 'weMdn lot* dhi'h'rj.
Whelk [welk*], a sounding
thwack. Wh, GL; gen. Also,
a verb active,
Whelper [wel'pur, wil-pur], any-
thing very larga The first pro-
nunciation is general, and the
last a Mid-Torkshire. In both
cases there is an adjectival form
[wel'pin]. There is a great dis-
position to sound h after the w.
It is ofben heard.
Whemmle [wem'u'l], v. a. and
V. n. to totter or sway violently,
with a lost equilibrium. Wh.
GL, ** to totter and then upset."
This is not the necessary implica-
tion of the word. When a basin,
e. g. is, by an accident, set rock-
ing, with a circular movement,
it IS said to be whemxnling, or,
to write the word as its vowel-
sounds are heard, whemmlein^
[wem'ulin], and to have *done
whemmUing ' when it has re-
covered its position. When it
is intended to denote a fall, the
word is followed bv over [aowh'r]
adverbially, as in me illustrative
phrase in tibe Wh, GL Whemmle
IS also used eubatantively. The
first vowel in the several forms
interchanges with [i] ; gen.
Whewt [wiwt], V. n. and sb. to
whistle shortly, in a sharp, care-
less, subdued manner. Wh, GL ;
gen. * It's a poor dog 'at isn't
worth a whewt^ [Its' u puo'h'r
dog* ut* iz'u'nt woth* u wiw't].
Whewtle fwiwtu'l], v. n. and
V. a. to wnistle in a low tone, at
half breath, carelessly. Wh.
GL; gen.
Whiles [waa'lzJL adv. and sb.
while ; gen. But, as a substan-
tive, most heard in Mid-Yorks.
[wilk*], pron. inter, which,
Wh, GL Occasionally heard in
Mid- Yorkshire and the north;
and employed habitually by in-
dividuals.
Whimly [wim*li], adj. softly.
Wh, GL; gen. Usually asso-
ciated in meaning with the act
of pacing.
Whin-kyd [win'-kid*], sb. and v. a.
* Whim ' are fwze, and a * Infd*
is a bundle, but the whin-kyd
may consist of thorns, or what-
ever other ligneous growths are
procurable. These, in bundles,
take the place of straw thatch on
old tenements, and are also used
for fencing. Old post-and-
stave buildings were usiudly
HID-TORRSHTRE GL03SABT,
tli&tchei] on the roof and ndee
with this material, and the
panwb of land belonging to the
occupiers wkin-kifddM about.
Wh.
ingular form is
alao in common use.
VMppet [wipit], a neat, nimble
p«rBon, of small figure. Wh,
01.; Mid.
White [waa-t, weyt (refined)],
V. a. and t. n. to bleach; Uid.
Whiteater fwaa'tatur, 'we^'t-
stur], a bleacher.
White [waa't, waayt-^ v, a. to
shave wood lightly with a. knife.
Whitis^ [waa'tinz], sb. pi.
wood-shanng^ Wh, 01. ; gen.
The substantive has also a singu-
lar form, but this ia not heard
frequently.
White-heft [waat-, (and) weyt^
eft]. See Heft.
White-heft [waa-t-efl- (and) -ift-],
T. a. and eb. to flatter ; to deceive
with plausible words. If A. 01. ;
Mid.
Whittle [wit-ul], sb., v. a., and
T. n. Any kind of knife, from a
carver to a pocket-knife, gets
this name; gen. The Wh. 01.
examples the verb, — to ahave
wood, with a knife.
Whoor [wuo-h'r] ; or Hoor
[uoh'r], adv. where; gen.
[Uoh'r-i-h'r], wherever.
Wlowl [waowl], T. n. and sb.
to howl 1 gen.
Wlok [wik-] ; or Wicken
[wik-un], sb. and v. n. weed;
gon. Usually employed in refer-
ence to garden-labour. Wick,
also, a punt of hawthorn ; Mid.
Wiok [wilt-], adj. alive. Wiokon
[wik-un], V. a. and T. n. to re-
etore to life ; to make active, or
quicken. Wh. 61. ; gen.
Wioksilver [wik-sUvu], quick-
silver. Wh. 01 ; gen.
Widdy [wid-i, wid'i], withy; a,
hazel or willow twig, of the
' racier ' kind (see the word), but
growing from the toot of a etand-
ing tree; Mid. Uaed to bind
bundles of thorn, Ac, being
adapted to this porpoae by
reason of tonghnesa and pli-
ability. Also, occasionally heard
as an active verb.
Wife [waaf), usually empltrred
for woman. Wh. 01. ; gen. The
plur, is yet more employed.
Will [Wil-1, the common sbbie-
viation of William. The usual
pronunciations of proper namaa
are torely heard. ' William
Poppleton 's boon (going) to
Fach in the bam on Sniiday'
il-Pop-uTz boo-n tu pri'h'ch
1 t baa-n n 8uo-nd'u]T For
[boo-n], ^'n^ [gaain], would
also be used.
Willy-nilly [wil-i-nil-i], used as
in ordinary speech, in the sense
of ' willing or unwilling,' but,
as a form, of commoner occur-
rence, and not accounted collo-
quial in charactor by the pea-
santry. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Wimmlfl [wim'u'l] ; or Wiunmle
[wuom-u'l], an augur. Wh. 01.
The last IB a hdd - Yorkshire
form ; the first is genoral.
Winder [wind'ur], v. a. and v. n.
Windle [win'du'l], a reel (instru-
ment); gen.
Winge [winj-], v. n. and sb. To
viinge is to make a noise like
the unconscioua, half cry coming
from a child in pain ; gen. In-
fants vringe when they are teeth-
ing. Older people are di^sed
to gan> and wim/e when they are
just about to have a tooth drawn.
Winnel - yraas fwin-u'I - giaae-,
gres', (and) ffu-s], a grass weed.
UID-T0BK3&1RE QLOSSABT.
157
of a lank, parched appearance ;
, Uid. In Mr Atkiuson'a Cleve-
land Olotrntry, the term is well-
defined under the varying one
of " windU-ttrae, a AiaaA seed-
Htom of graas in pasture-fields."
Winrow [winTao-h'] ; or Winrae
ririnTe-h'], sb., v. a., and t. n.
When hay is rakod into parallel
Unas, previous to being thrown
into 'oockfl,' it 18 in ininrovi;
gen. The last pronunciatiou ia
but the distinctive Mid-Tork-
ehire form, yet, ae eiampled in
this vord, is employed ho gener-
ally in the north that it must be
recorded.
WinBome [win-sum], adj. win-
ning in manner; engaging in
appearance. Wh, 01. ; gan.
Cimpar. winaomer [win'sumul;
ntperj. winaomest [win'sumist].
■Wit[wit-]. To'getwtCfgifwif]
of anything (the usual phrase),
ia to be made wise or come at
Wither [wid'-ur]; or Wnther
fwuodh'ur], T. a. and sb. to
hurl, with an impetus imparting
a trembling or whizzing motion
to the object thrown. Wither-
ing [widh'urin], adj- and sb.
(Wh. at.) Also witherment
[widh-ument-], sb. (IfA. Ql.)
Vitherer [widh'uru], sb. a
person or any object of surpass-
iDg size. A whistling, impetu-
ous wind, which dashes against
objecte with momentary violoQce,
is said to 'vnther and tvuther.'
Wuthering [wuodhnuing], pari
gea. is also employed adjectivally,
denote any object of huge size,
<»' a person who, in conjunction
with a heavy appearance, has a
violent manner of displaying
activity. Many people employ
[uo] for the vowel in each of the
forms freely; gen. [The word
qufiedirand is applied, in Bar-
bour's Bruce, xvii. 684, as an
epithet of a heavy stone whizzing
throQgb the air, when shot from
a largo war-engine. — W. W. 8.]
Witrst [wit-raat] ; or 'WitrattMl
[witTaatu'n], weasel; Mid.
These terms are also occacdon^y
used in the Nortli. On the part
of most dialect - speakers, the
first word is definiteljr associated
in idea with its old signification,
as mav be inferred uom other
examples of its uae. See Wit
and Wittering.
Wittering [wit'n'rin], know-
ledge, iu the sense of a passing
conception, emotion; Aud. *I
hod no witUring on 't at t' time '
[Aa-d ne-h' wit'Ti'rin on t- ut*
taa'm], I had no notion of it at
the time. ' I got a mitterinif a'
't from him' [Aa' gaat' u wif'-
uVin aoh''t fre im'], I got a
notion, or hint of it from him.
The final g, tturngb unindicated
in the example, is often heard.
Wixzen [wizu'n], v, a. and v. n.
tA wither ; to become Ainny,
or shrivel— used of persons or
growths of any kind. Wh, 01,
(past part); gan.
Wizzle [wii-u'l], an epithet bo-
stowed on a mischievous child ;
Mid. PerhapB wcomI, usuallv
Wol [waol'], hole ; gen. As com-
mon pronunciations are [wuoh''l,
uo'h'I, uoh'-l]. The refined form
in peasant speech is [aob''l], and
in that of the market-towns-
people [ao-l].
Wold [wao-h'd], a hilly surface
o( great extent, notably the
range of North-Bidii^ woMi,
designated the ' Yorkshire ' — a
tract comprising a large extent
of country, mncb of the land
being highly - cultivated, and
fanning operations extensive.
Wii. Gl. ; gen.
Woonken I [wuo-ngkuz I], inteij.
expreeaive of wonderment, or
surprise. Wh. 01. ; Mid.
158
Mm-TORKSHIBE OLOSSART.
Woonsey [woon-^i], sb. and adj.
woolscy; geiL
Wop [wop'], Y. a. and sb. to beat
Also, with $ added, »ub$tant%vely,
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Worken [waor-knn], v. a. to
wreathe, or twirl up in mass, as
twine when overtwisted. WTi,
01, (past part) ; Mid.
Worth! ["waoth'! •wuoth'! 'woth'!
'wu'th (ref.)l ; or God worth I
[Gaod* wuiih !] ; or God woth I
Oaod* •waoth* ! (and) •woth* !] ;
or *0d woth I [Aod* "waoth* I
(and) -woth* !] ; 'Od wuth I [Aod*
*waoth' !], an imprecatory phrase,
but without significance m usage.
When additional emphasis is re-
quired Fh'] follows tne vowel of
tne firsl word, and sometimes
that of the last, as well. Very
often the first word is entirely
omitted; though it must l>e
doubtful whether * Worth ! ' has
any connection with this form,
from the circumstance of Woe
worth I pwe-h' "wu'th 1 (['waoth*!
. "wnoth* !j)] being one equally in
use. In every case [ao] is super-
seded by [o] at times, but very
rarely from the lips of a person
who employs broad dialect in
speaking; and never when the
word carries most emphasis.
Wo8t [wost*], host Wosthns
Swost*, wuost*, wuoh**st, waost*,
and) waoh'*st, -oos*, -uos*, Tand)
-US'], sb. a market-inn, or oait-
house. Wos'le [wosnil, waos*-
ul, wuos'u'l, (and) wuoh'su'l],
V. a. and v. n., to bait, or put
up for refreshment. Wosler
[wos'lu, (and) wuos'lu], sb.
hostler. WK Oh ; gen.
Wotwel [wot-wel], a hangnail
Wh. 01. ; gen.
Wounds ! j]woondz* ! waowndz' I
(ref.)], inteij. expressive of
startlement, or rebuke. Wh.
01. ; gen.
Wow [waow]; or Wowish
[waowish], wanj dejected, or
feverishly pale in look. Wh.
GL : Mid.
Wreath [ri-h'dh], a twisted cir-
cular pad, placed on the head,
for burdens, — chiefly used in
bearing vessels. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Wreeght (Wright) [ree-t], a
carpenter; gen.
Wrowt [raoivt'], past part, worked.
Also, employed as the fttut terue
of the cuiive verb to work, in the
sense of to purge; and as the
past of to clear, or clarify, as
liquors in passing the stage of
fermentation. JTh, 01.; gen.
Wnn [wuon'1, v. a. to abide.
Wh. 01. Occasional to Mid-
Torkshire.
Wurly [wuT'li], adj. A very small
|)ortion of anything is of a wurly
size; gen. 'What a wurly bit
o' brc»d, and nought on *t!'
[Waat* u wur'lL bit* u bri'h'd,
un* naowt* on* t !], t . e, no butter,
or anything on. The r is often
strongly trilled in this word.
Wnrsle [wusul] ; or Wossel
Ewos'ul, waos'ul] ; or Wussel
wuos'ul]; arWar8le[waa-8u*l];
or Wrus'le fruos'u'l] ; or
Wras'le [raas-u*l], v. n. and
V. a. wrestle. All these forms
are heard in Mid - Yorkshire.
The two last are general, and
the a forms are usually em-
ployed in the past. ' He wraa*led
me * [I raas'irld mu], a common
form of challenfi;e being, I*ll
wrestle you f With the exception
of Warsle, these several rorms
are also more or less used sub^
stantivdyy but the last form,
Wras'le, is only of accidental
occurrence in this sense.
Wnt [wuot*], the pronunciation
of wit, amongst old people ; Mid.
'He has got wit ot it oy some
crook' [Iz* git'u'n wuot' on't
biv 'suom* kn'hlL], has obtained
knowled^ of it by some Git>6ked
act, or tnck.
MID-TORKaHIRE OlOSSART.
159
Wya [waayV], adv. a
term of assent, haTing for
eqniTalent mell; also, with the
meaumg of an indecieiTe t/a;
Bon. Tne town eqaiTalento are
pwaa", we', (and) weh'], the first
form being
rft'si:
Urgeet ares. It ta also casual
to the rural north. The form
' u>ya ' would seem to be the words
why and you, employed idiom-
atically.
Wye [waa% waay, wny (ref.)],
heifer. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Tabble [yaabuU adj- a^le;
also, wealthy. TafeliBh [ysab'-
lish], adj. Tftbable [^aab-ubulj,
able, in the finrt sense is avagary
of a pronunciation occoaionally
heard in Mld-Torkshire and the
north generally. Tabble is also
heard thus generally as an attivt
vcrh, to enable.
Taok [yaak-l, .. ...
r tak fiih'k] ; or Auk [:,
ih'k] ; or Ank r^aoh^
(ref) and [aok] (moi« reC)], an
oak. Wh. at.; gen.
Yooker [yaak-ur], acre. Wh.
01. ; gen. The r, in accordance
with a general rule, is toet before
a consonant.
Yacklyi [yaak-lizi adv. the way
(Ktually IS treated ; Uid.
Tackno [yaak-nm] ; or Ackron
[aakTun], acorn. ITS. (71. ; gen.
Yah [yaa] ; or taXL [u-h'n] ;
T*an ry:i-h'nl ; or Ain [:e4i'n] ;
— 'i [ye-tfn]; OT-Ea[:i'h'1;
[y:i-h']; or Yaa [yaan J;
I [yun', yuon'1 ; or m
or Tain ,, ,,
or Y4a[y:i'h']; or Tan [yaan'
or Tim [yun-, yuon-] ; or
[eh'-]; or Tia [yeh'-t adj.
These Tarions forms, which, with
the exception of four others,
[yaon', yaoh'-n, yon', yuoh''n],
exhaust the rural pronunciations,
north and east, are all heard in
Uid- Yorkshire. Nor must it be
eup^iosed that the people who
are m the habit of t£us Trying
their forma are inconstant in the I
use of a plain variety of dialect.
The numeral exampled is one of
those exceptional words the free
play of which, however unreason-
able, must be recognised in the
locality indicated. Of the pro-
nunciations given, yah, yean,
yain, yaan, ymi (with yuon-},
yia, and occasionally &a, are
also heard in Nidderdale. The
final element of the several fbnns
is lost before a vowel. Instead
of merely noting, within brackets,
those pronunciations which only
differ m liavin^ initial y added,
they are noted independently, for
the reason of their being chiefeet
in use. The forms without the
y are, in accidental character,
among people in the habit of
using the i£alect broadly, la
and Aa ai« not usually followed
by the preposition on, aa are the
rest, but, by rule, immediately
precede a noun. It has been
supposed (as by Mr Atkinson, in
his Ulevdand Otottary) that the
vowel-ending forma are exclu-
sively employed before a next
word b^imung with a conso-
nant. T^ is mr from being the
case, even in the most B3>Btematio
Torkatiire variety. It is often
agreeable, and, under certain
qualitiea of tone and emphasis,
even necessary for the vowel to
meet a vowel in this way. The
forms without initial y are not
used absolutely, nor in pause.
Tab [yaa'] is the form most
general in use, and, of the con-
sonant forms, yan [yaan']
Yaffle [yaafu'IJ, t. n. to talk in-
distinctly, mincing the breath,
as in the case of toothless persons,
Wh. 01.; gen.
Yal [yaal-], ale. Wh. Ql. ; gen.
Yal [yaal-] ; or YSal [yd'h'l] ; or
Tail [y:ohl]; or Whol [wol-,
waol*, wao'l (ref.)]^ or Tabl
form. The rest are general ; the
160
UID-TOBKSHIBB OLOSSABT.
last one iMm^ often accompanied
by an aspiration.
TbI [yaal'], adj., adv., and eb. all ;
gen.
Yam fyaam'], v. n. and v. a, in-
dicative of iho act of masticating
grossly, with much moToment of
ae jaw. Wh. 61. ; gen.
Tamoft [yaatn'UBt], adv. almost ;
gen.
Tanneily [yaan-uli] ; orTatuuBli
rTaanishT^adj' from the form
Tan(Bee'Tali),*.«.(m«; wUish;
-warm in regard to pereonal in-
terests generoUf. Tannerty,
alao, to tie anyielding, rudely
retiring, or unsocial in manners.
The first form is exampled in the
Wh. QL, and is heatd in Mid-
Torkshiie. The last i« genetal.
Tap [yaap]. This term, with an
application, in the Wh. Oh, to " a
cross or troublesome child," ia
also used in this sense through-
out Mid-Yorkshire and the north,
hut is equally common mibitan-
lively for the short, noisy cry of
a peevish child ; and ia also
common as an active verb, with
the same meaning.
Tape [yeh'p, yili'p], v. n. and
ab. to cry, as cduldreu, in a
meaningless, worrying way ; Mid.
' What 's thee t/a^ini; and making
that din about F" (TVaats- tn
ye'h'pin un' maak'iu -dbaat'
■ din' uboot' P]. ' Thou young
yape., get out of the road (way)
with thee, before I pick thee
An' pik' dhu aowh'r], get out of
the way with you before 1 over-
turn you.
Tark [yoli'-k, yank], v. a. U, in-
flict strokes, or switches, with
any handy, flexible article ; to
lash, or flog, with a Bhaq>, dex-
terous motion. Wh. Gl, ; gen.
Also, $ul'$lanliveltf. Has also
the meaning of to jerk, T. a.,
V. n., Bjid sb. being, iu fact, but
a Tarying form of thai word.
Tanu [yaam], v, n. to late, in
an ill-tempered manner ; Mid.
Tat [yat'l, adj., t. a., and t. n.
hot Wh. Gl. ,• gen.
Tat [yant] ; or Teat [ydirtl; or
Tet [yaet-, yaef'tj; or Yut
[yuot'], gate. ' Ah fond (foolish)
Tand [yao'b'd], i. e. jado ; a
riding-horse. Wh. 01. ; gen.
Occasionally used of a draught-
horse. An old market-horse of
this character will be alladed to
as [t' aohM yao'h'd].
T^aib [yi'h'b]], herb; gen. Y
is the usual initial letter before
a Towel, and, also, in many
words, supplants h before a voweL
Teamin^-skin [yih'nin-skinj, a
calfs-kig; gen. [Lit running-
skin, the verb run being not
unfrequently written yeme in
Middle Engliah. The namea
rennet and runiirt are fbrmed
from run (formerly rentu) in a
aimilar way.— W, W. S.]
Tcaang [yi'h'zin], eavea; gen.
This is the usual form, but
[ih'zin] is much heard. Younear
[leoplo avoid the use of initial y
in most words. See note to
Tearb.
T«d [yed', yiJ'], sb,, v. a., and
T. n. a burrow ; Mid. A * foz-
u«i'[foks--j-id]. ( (a. 07. verbs.)
[Corresponds to A.S. tard, native
soil, homo, just as yeth does to
A.8, eofiS, earth.— W. W. 8.]
Ted-vand [yed'- (and) yid'-waan
(and) -waand], ' yard-wand,' or
stick. Also, alwand [el-- (and)
il-- woan (aadj -waand]. Wh.
01.; gen. iard, as a simple
word, ia usually pronounced
fyeh''d] (and) [i-ih'd]; the d
being distincliy dental at times.
Tetnnt [yunut]; or Tennt
[yonut], oorthnut Wh. 01;
niD-TORESRlSE GLOSSARY
ler
gen; Also, ySartbnut [vi'li'th-
. nuot].
Teth [yeth'], the pronunciation
of taHh. AIbo yterth [yi'h'th].
letter [yedh'ur]; or Yedder
[yad'-ur], T. a. and sb. To'yrtAer
and dylce ' [yedhiir un da»k] is
to hedge arid ditch ; and yetker-
ing ([yedh-n'ring]) is hedmng.
Tedder and t/eddrring ([yed u'r-
uig])aTa quite as often used. A
S'Mdtr, or yet/ier propBr, is a
nrge twig of hazel, ash, or other
pliable wood, and is used, along
'with stakes, in canstrncting
thorn, or ' cut and laid ' hedges ;
Mid. [Called ether in the South
of England ; see Yrather, in
E. D. 8. Gloss. B. la.— W. W. 8.]
Tefiiworm [yeth-waom], earth-
worm. Employed JiguraUvehj,
too, to denote a miser. Wh.
Gl.; gen. Also ySarthworm
[yi'h'thwaom].
Tetliiff [yet-- (and) yitlin], a
small iion Teasel toi the fire.
n% 61. ; Mid.
Tok [yok-], T. a. To 'yok off' a
burden, is to throw it off calcu-
latin^y. It is a jerking action;
Mid.
Toldring [yaol'd'rin, yoowld'r-
ing], the yellow-bsionier ; gen.
Tottea [yot'u'n]; &r Tottle
[yot'u'l^, V. a. to perform the
act of imbibing or swallowing
any liquid, in quantity. Tot-
tening [yot-ninj, part. pres. and
eb. These foima are quoted in
the Wh. 01. The verbs are
there bncketed, but there is
really a distinction felt by those
who employ them ; the last Terb
denoting an advanced stage of
d^lutition, beyond the mere
strains in swallowing expressed
by yotteo. lYottle is another
form of guttle. HalliwoU gives
— ••OulUe, to be ravenouB.
iVortA."— W. W. 8.]
7oap fyaowp-, yaoh'-p, yuoh'-p,
yuop], T. a., T. n., and sb. to
whoop ; to bawl ; to yelp ; gen.
Torn [yaow-fl], v. a. and sb. the
refined pronunciation of tue,
which, in Uiis instance, is not
less characteri^tio than the viol-
gar pronunciation [yiw's (and)
yih'-flj ; Mid
Towden [yaowdu'n], t.
Wh. GL; I '
; md.
Yowl [yaowl, yoo-l], t. n, and
T. a. to howL Wa r-
Also, mhatantivdy.
01.; gen.
Towse [yEOws'j, house. An oe-
casional pronunciation heard in
Nidderdalo. It is more usual in
upper Craven.
Yack ! [ynok" !}, intoij. an ex-
clamation expressive of boister-
ous feeling ; Mid. ' Tuck ! lads I
the gome 's our own ' [Yuok*
laadz' t gBomz' wur* eh'nl].
Yuk [yuok-], v. a. to labour, by
reason of overweiajit ; Mid. A
little child who uriU cany a great
baby, goes '^/nicking about' with
it
Yoke [yiw-k, yd-h'k], v. n. to
itch; gen.
Ynke [yiwk] ; or YSok [yib'k],
the pronunciation of hook; gen.
Yoke [yiwk-], t. a. to beat with
anything, as a stick, strap, or
rope. Used also atiiutanlivety,
to designate a quick smart stroke,
as a lash with a whip; Mid.
See Tark (which is merely ft
variety),
Tnkle [y:i-h'ku'l, yiwkul], v, a.
to pucker; Mid.
Yule [yiwl] ; or Tul [yuol-] :
or Yel [yd'] ; or YSol [yi-h'l],
the time of ChriBtmas ; gen.
Old people employ the last form.
The several forms are also com-
pounded with various words, aa
in Tul-aan [yuol--ee-n], Christ-
mas - eve. Yul - coke [yuol--
(and) yi-hl-kih'k], Tula-clog
[yiw-l-tlog], yule-log. Tel-
162
MID-YORKSHIRE GLOSSARY.
candle [yel'-kaanuTj. Tule-
tree Wwl-t^ree], Chiisimas-
tree. Yula-yal [jiirl-yaal],
GhziBfcmas-ale.
Ynre [yiwhV], udder ; gen. See
TTre.
Znny [zin*il a feeble-brained
person; Mia.
ZolchI [zaolsh* I], interj. a threat-
fol, mock-anfiry exclamation:
ma.
Zoldering ['zao-ldVrin], adj. an
opprobriouB epithet, reeenred for
Terr wrathful occasions, but
without more meaning than the
l(9roe of sound oonTeys; IGd.
Zookerins! [sookiinzl], inteij.'
expreflsiTO of amasement* lVh»
01: gen.
Zoundarkite [*zoon*d'nkaa'%
kaeyt (reH)], usually applied to
one whose eba-pd conduct results
in awkward mistakes ; Ifid.
Zounds I ['ztocnzy "zaownz (refl)],
interj. more commonly heara
than in ordinary speech, and
often used as a mere eororession
of wonder, or surxxrise. *iound$I
fetther ! do you see what's going
on down there I ' ['Z:oo*nzfi'h'd'ii,
di yu si' waats' gaangnn aosr
duo*n dhi'h I]. ^ZomuU! is that
thouP' ['Z:oo*n2ia*dhaat*'dhoo-],
is that you? Mid.
\
ADDENDA— ERRATA. 163
ADDENDA.
Anter [aan*f u], exonso ; gen.
Am [aan], v. n. to run, or walk hastily ; gen. [Tlie A.8. for * to run *
is yman ; Mid, Eng. emen, or imen, — W. W. S7]
Qan Tgaan*] ; or Gang [gaangg-] ; or Gde [geli', gaeV*] ; or G6a
[gd'V] ; or Gah [gaa*], v. n. aU forms of go; gen. Gan and Gang^
are most generalljr heard ; and G^e and Gia are common ; but each
have usually their place in conversation. The two last forms fre-
quently help the tone of a remark, and may also serve to vary the
meaning by a shade, as in banter, or light ridicule, or when the motives
of speakers are opposed. For example, a mother with some knowledge
of clandestine proceedings which are disturbing the peace of a house-
hold, excQaims, wrathfiilly, to the person most mterested in their con-
tinuance: 'I tell thBe now, he shall gang^ and thou may gan with
him ' [*Aa* tilz* dhu noo i su*l '^aan^g*, un* dhoo* mu gaan* wiv* im*l ;
whereupon, the daughter, making b^t of the weighty sent«ice, and,
from vexation, scoutmg part of its cumbrous forms, responds : ' Very
well, mother ; let him gae; and let it be a aaeina altogether, for I am
safe to gang witii him' [Yaarm wee*l, muod'*u, 'lit* im* ge*h', un' lit*
it' bev* u ge*in yaaltugid'*u, for Aa'z *si'h'f tu gaangg* wid'* im*1.
(iah is chiefly used in addressing children. There are abo the refined
forms G^ajjguoh'*], and (more peculiar to Mid-TorkeAiire), GatQi
fgaoh**]. The last form is farther refined upon in Gau [gao*], which
belongs, characteristicaUy, to the market-towns.
Greatsome [gri*tsum], a^]* huge; Mid.
ERRATA.
In the Glossic rendering of words, wherever [*'] occurs, read PO.
Page 1, Aggerheads, fine i, for [aag*uri*h'dzj read [aae*uri**}rdz].
— 3, Arvil-cake, L i, for [aa-vil-ki'hTt] read [aa'vil-kih'k].
— 3, Asa, 1. ii, /or [aas'-ke'h'd] read [aas^kcfrd].
— 3, „ 1. iii, for [aas'-uo'h*Ij read [aas'uo"hl1.
— 4, Backbearawayi 1. ii, for [baakbi'h'ruwe'h'] read [baakbi*h'r«
uwe"h'].
— 4, Back-kesty 1. i, for [baak'kest-] read [baak'-kest].
— 6, Baim-baim, 1 xvi, for fgraon'-be'h'nl and [jg;raan*-baa*n]
read [graon'-be"h*nl and rg^raan*-baa**n1.
— 6, Baimteam, L L /or [beh'nrrh'm] read [be'h'nti"h*m].
— 6, Balk, L xi, for fswefrdh-bao-h'k] read [sweh'-dh-bao-tk],
— 6, BalkBi L X, /or [baan-bao'hlcfj read [baa*n-bao"h'kB].
i
164 ERRATA.
Page 6, Bbizoh, 1. ix, for rbaazim] riad [Ina'Eiui].
— 6, Bow, 1. ii, /or [dili'r-baas ; diwT-baos'] TtoA [di-faV-boas,
diwh'r-baaa].
— 6, Basa, \. iii, for [paan'-baas-] read [paan'-baas].
— 7, Boan-day, L i, for [bi-h'n-di-h'] rtad [bi-h'n-di"h'].
— 1, Beck, 1. ii, for [bek-sti-h'iiz] read [bek-sti-h'ni].
— 7, B^gftr-face, 1. i,^ [bf^-ufih's (and) feh'a] rood [beg-ufi-h'B
(and) fe-h'a].
— 7, „ „ 1. iii, for [b(?2.uluog-] rfoA [beg-uluog].
— 7, „ „ 1. xviii,>r[bpg-ulib'-^]r«ia as above.
— 7, Beggarstatf, 1. i./or rbeg-urstaaf'] ri-oA rbeg'nataaf}.
— 8, BeUaces, 1. i, for rbef-u^l rmrf [t^L-uaw].
— 9, Bell-horae, 1. i,/«r [bel-tto-h's] mi-/ fbel-ao-h's].
— 8. BeU-hoaa«, \. i, for [bel-oo-s] r^nd n"^l-oo--a].
— 8. Bellkito, 1. i, /or" [bet-kan-t] r^ad [bol-kaa-t],
— 8, BoUywark, 1. i, /m- [be!-iwaa-k] rea./ [bel-iwfta-k].
— 8, BMt-lik«, 1. i./cT [bes-tlBB-k] tca4 [bes-tlaa-k].
— 8, „ „ 1. ii, /or [gi'li'd-laa-k] read [gi-h'd-laa-k].
— 9. „ „ 1. iii. /or n«t-'ulfla-k] muf [bet'-ulaa-'k].
— 9, „ „ 1. iv, /or [bes'tlaa'k] rwKi as aboTe.
— 9, Bettenuoat, 1. i,/or [bet''umuBt-] reai [bef-umost}.
— 9, „ „ 1, vii, for [bet'^innus-] read [bef-innusl.
— B, Betteimy, L ii, for [bet''umtioh''] rtad [bot''imiuoh'J
— 9, Betweenwhilai, 1. i, for [bihreenwaalz] read [bitwoeii-
— 0, „ „ 1. iv, for [Utwoe-n'waa'lz] ttai [ntweeii-
waa'-lz].
— 9, Bida, 1. yiii,/or [langur] read [laangTi].
— 10, Binwood, 1. i,/i7r [bm'wuod] read [bin-wuod].
— II, Blaah, 1. vi./or [■ne-h-'bdi-] rmd [ne't'bdi].
— 11, Blen'com, 1, i, /or [blenkuoh'n] read [blen'kndh'n].
— 12, Boily, L i,/w [paobz] read rpaobz-l.
— 13, Bowdykito, 1. 1, for rtxMnrdika'yt- (and) kaat] rtad rbaovdi-
ka-yt (and) kaa-t].
— 14, BrannjTine, 1. i,/or [braoh'njin] rtad [brao-t'njin].
SERIES C. Uctn
- ■
ORIGINAL GLOSSARIES,
KSD GLOSSARIES WITH FBESH ADDITIONS.
A GLOSSAEY OP WORDS USED IN SWALEDALB.
YOEKSHIRB.
CAPTAIN JOHN HARLAND,
OF BEBTH, NEAB BICHMOND,
lltl1»B-tll
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DLiLECT SOCIETY,
BX TBttBNEE & CO., 67 & 69, LUDGATE HILL.
MOCCCLZZIXX.
JOHX CHILD6 AlTD BON, PBIMTSR8.
INTRODUCTION;
BY THE BEV. WALTER W. 8KEAT AND C. CLOUGH ROBINSON.
^Thb circumstances tinder which the following Glossary was
Tmtten are sufficiently explained in Captain Harland's letter prefixed
to the Glossary. The MS. copy was kindly given t.o the Society by
Mr Aldis Wright, and I have had much pleasure in undertaking the
duty of seeing it through the press, a duty which has been much
lightened by the fact that the MS. is written in a perfectly clear and
distinct handwriting. Except in correcting one or two very trifling
slips of the pen, I have made no alteration in it, beyond the addi-
tion of a very few remarks which have been added within square
brackets ; some of these suggestions (marked with the initials ' J. C.
AJ) being due to the Eev. J. C. Atkinson, author of the Cleveland
Glossary, and some (marked ' C. C. E.*) to Mr C. Clough Eobinson ;
both these members of the E. D. S. having kindly assisted me in
revising the proof-sheets. I have also added, after each word, its
part of speech (as «&., v., Ac), which is not, in any case, in the MS.
copy. Wherever, too, a word is illustrated by the poem of * Reeth
Bartle Fair' (see p. 3), I have supplied the reference to the line
where the word occurs. But the principal addition has been the in-
, sertion, against every word, of its most usual pronunciation, as de-
f noted by Glossic symbols, which important matter has only been
' accomplished by the care and diligence of Mr C. C. Robinson. Mr
• Goodchild also most kindly assisted, by forwarding, for Mr Eobin-
Bon's use, numerous notes on the pronunciation, due to his own
intimate acquaintance with the Swaledale district. Mr Eobinson
has also contributed some remarks upon certain peculiarities of the
pronunciation. Some of these will be found in the Glossary, in
their due places ; the remainder, being of a more general character,
seemed better suited for a place in this Introduction, and follow here
accordingly.*
With regard to the spelling of the word Bowt^ a bolt, which
might also have been spelt Bout, it may be remarked that the change
from uio w ia & mere caprice, by reason of there being words with
different meanings, which could not be so readily distinguished if the
eye were not assisted in this way. Thus, in this case, we may write
botfft for houghi^ and howt for holt, but houty an attack, or turn, as
^ The first portion of this Introdaction is by Mr Skeat.
* The rest of this Introductioii Ib by Mr JEtobinson.
IV INTRODUCTION.
' a tout of pain,' ' a poorly hoxd^^ &c., and hout for without. Here
the arbitraiy use of one of these respective forms is, to some extent^
a convenience.
Clotted, Here only the past participle is noted. The vb. and
sb. (' as cold as dot ') are common. I do not note these deficiencies,
as it does not appear to have occurred to Capt. Harland to exhaust
varying applications.
Crune, It has been noted that this is properly a verb ; it is
ocxsasionjdly used as a substantive. Mr Skeat suggests a reference to
Southey^s ballad of Brough Bells, which seems to have been written
with the very intention of illustrating the use of this dialectal word,
and should be read through for that purpose. The most significant
stanzas are —
' Thoa bear'st that lordly ball of mine,
Neighboar/ qaoth Bniiukill then ;
* How loadly to the bills he erunet.
That eruns to him again.
Think*8t thon, if yon whole herd at once
Their Toices should combine,
Were they at Brough, that we might not
Hear plainly from uiis upland spot
The eruning of the kine ? '
* That were a erun$ indeed,' replied
His comrade, * which, I ween,
Might at the Spital well be heard.
And in all dales between.'
Knack, In these words, with initial Ati, the sound of k is almost
like a ^, or as if it was attempted to sound both the k and the n.
K, in whatever position, always comes deeply from the throat, and
where I follows is especially noticeable. So also gl and gh are quite
semi>gatturals in the speech of some individuals. In the word
seagle [si'h'gul], e. g. meaning to idle about objectionably, the gl is
usually a thick throat-sound ; and gh is usually a fjEunt guttural, not
explosive.
Scfwk and Soul are common terms in many locahties. The last
is more generally heard in Yorkshire. You sotck a person by duck-
ing his head in water, and soul him by throwing water at him, with
a drenching effect. The last word is much used in figure ; a souling
being a fierce or vehement scolding. Still, I have many times heard
both terms used in quite the same sense ; only aowk is never used
figuratively.
A GLOSSARY OP WOEDS
U8SD IN SWALSDALB. TOBXIHIBB.
Bt captain JOHN HABLAND, OF BEETH.
The following Glossary of Swaledale words was compiled some y^ars
ago by Captain Harland, who kindly commtmioated the MS. to Mr
Aldis Wright, of Trinity College, Cambridge, in May, 1870. The
Glossary was accompanied by a letter, which so weU explains the
ciromnBtances under which it was compiled that it is here printed in
fiill, with the writer's kind permission.
Seeth, Siehmond, Torkthire, May, 1870.
SlBy
In one of the York newspapers I lately noticed, and read
"with considerable interest, your communication to 'Kotes and
Queries ' on the subject of Provincial Dialects. I am a native of
Swaledale, and an octogenarian. I may therefore be supposed to be
tolerably weU acquainted with the dialect of the district. Up to the
close of the last century the Dale was sparsely populated by a
peculiarly primitive people. The lead mines, which almost fix>m time
immemorial had been in the hands of the proprietors, afforded the
chief employment of the labourers, and few strangers made their
appearance among them. So few were their simames, that it was
necessary that a great proportion of the men should each be dis-
tinguished by some particular sobriquet, and so late as 1804, when
the ' Dales Volunteers ' were on permanent duty at Bichmond, it
was found necessary to add the nicknames to the proper names in
the muster-rolls of the companies ; and the custom is still partially
continued. At the commencement of the present century the mines
were taken by a company of adventurers, principally from the
2 SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE. [C. 1.
neighboorliood of Kewcastle-on-Tyne ; the consequence was, a Tast
influx of strangers from the mining districts of the western parts of
l^orthomherland, and the neighbouring borders of Durham, West-
moreland, and Cumberland. Shortly after this time I left the
neighbourhood for ten years ; on my return, I found the dialect
wonderfully changed; many expressive and comprehensive words
had become nearly obsolete, and I then determined, so far as I was
able, to collect and preserve them, hoping that I might at some
period meet with some person skilled in Teutonic and Scandinavian
lore, to whom the collection might be of some little value, and the
roots of many of the words be known ox discovered. It was then
that I began, and have continued my glossary, when and so often as
an almost forgotten word or phrase occurred to my recollection, or
came to my ears. I rejoice at the long-looked-for advent; and
hoping that it may indeed be of some little service, should such a
project as you suggest be carried out, I have taken the liberty of
sending the collection to you, which I have put into, not a very
perfect, but the best shape I could in the short time which has elapsed
since I saw your letter. I am well aware that the orthography is
very imperfect, but I have found great difficulty in at once preserving
the idiomatic and the phonetic value. In attempting to effect this,
different modes of spelling may be adopted without success, e. g.
The one or the other — * Teean or t'other,' or * Tjan or t'other.'
Glossaries, unless written by a native, or a person long resident
in the district, are seldom of much use. Many that I have seen of
dialects with which I am tolerably well acquainted, are more cal-
culated to mislead than to instruct. In some cases, a slight inflection
of voice is sufficient to give a different signification to a word or
phrase.
In some respects the Swaledale dialect is rather peculiar: there are
few or no gutturals ; every syllable is distinctly articulated. It is
altogether different from the barbarous jargon of the West Biding of
Yorkshire, the north of Lancashire, or the colliery districts of
Durham and Northumberland. Westmoreland makes the nearest
approach, but its dialect is, I believe, of Pictish origin, and contains
a great number of Scotticisms.
C. L] 8WALKDALE, TOBKSHIBS. 8
Leaying you to make what use jou please of thiS| and apologizisg
for the intrasion^
I have the honour to be^
Bir^ your obedient servant^
Jko. FartiAND.
Ajjdjs Wbight, Esq.,
Trinity CoUege, Cambridge.
In a second letter, dated May 17, 1670, Mr Harland oommunieated
to Mr Wright a Swaledale ballad of his own compositLon, which he has
kindly pexmitted the Engliah Dialect Society to print, as well as the
Glossary. He remarks that since sending the Glossary, it had occurred
to him that ' a bit of doggerel, written shortly after its commencement
(L a the commencement of the Glossary) may help to elucidate the true
Agnification of some of the words. It was in some measure intended
for that purpose, as well as to preserve the memory of the humours of a
dale's fiur (which has already lost some of its characteristics), and the
habits and manners of the people.' The title ' Beeth Bartle Fair ' means
a fiur held at Beeth on St Bartholomew's day, August 2i. See
Chambers' Book of Days, iL 263.
BEETH BAETLE FAIR.
This mwoming as I went to wark,
I met Cfurly just cumman heeam ;
He had on a new flannin sark,
An he saw 'at Fd just gitten'd t' seeam. 4
' Wharfs te beent ' sed awd Curly to me;
* Fye been down to Beeth Bartle Fair.'
* Swat^ te down, mun, sex needles/' sed he^
' An tell us what seets te saw thar.' 8
' Wya^' t' lads all ther best shun^ had put on^
An t' lasses donn'd all ther best cwoats;
> Sqnst.
* A common pbraie, rij^ifying an inteiral daring which a woman knitting
would work the loops off * nx needtoi.' > WelL * Shoes,
4 SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE. [0. U
I saw five pond of Scotch wether mutton
Sell'd by Ward and Tish Tom for five grwoats. 12
Bowlaway had fine cottons to sell ;
BuHeroy lace an hankutchers^ browt ;
Young Tom Owoaia had a stall tuv his-sel.
An had ribbins for vaira near nowt. 16
Thar was Enos had good biandy-snaps,'
BiU Brown as good spice' as cud be ;
Potter Robin an mar syke-like chaps
Had f bonniest pots te cud see ; 20
John Ridley an awd WUly Walls,
An Naylor, an twea or three mar.
Had apples an pears at ther stalls,
An Gardener Joe teaa was thar. 24
Thar was sizzors an knives an reaad purses.
An plenty of awd cleeathes o' t' nogs ;^
An tweea or three awd spavin'd horses.
An plenty of shun an new clogs. 28
Thar was plenty of gud iron pans,
An pigs 'at ^ad fill all t' deeale's hulls ;
Thar was baskets an skeps an tin cans.
An bowls, an wood thivles for gulls. 32
Thar was plenty of all macks o' meeat^
An plenty of all sworts o' drink ;
An t' lasses gat monny a treeat,
For t* gruvers* war all full o' chink.* 36
I cowp'd ^ my black hat for a white in ;
Lile Jonas had yarra cheeap cleeatli ;
Jem Peacock and Tom talk'd o' feightin',
But Gudgeon Jem Puke^ lick'd 'em beeath. 40
^ Handkerchiefli. * Small cakes of ginger-bread. ' Ginger-bread.
* Wooden pegs. > Miners. * Monev. ^ Exchanffed, bartered, swapped.
> A change from the simame ' Peacock ' to distingoiw a ^orticalar family or
branch.
C. L] SWALEDALE, TOEKSHIRE. 5
Thar was dancing an feightiu' forever ;
Will Wade sed 'at he was quite grieved ;
An Pedlety tell'd 'em heelt never
Poigit 'em as lang as he lieved. 44
They knock'd yan another about.
Just warse than a sham to be seen ;
Charlie Will luk'd as white as a clont,
KU Puke gat a pair o' black een* 48
I spied our awd lass in a nuke,
Drinkan shrub wi' grim Freesteeane, fond lad.
I gav her a varra grou luke,
0, connieS; but I was just mad. 52
Seea I went to John Whaite^a to drink,
Whar I war'd tweea an seeumpins^ i' gin ;
I knaw not what followed, but think
rd paddled through 't muck thick an thin. 56
Por to-day, when I gat out o' bed,
My cleeathes wer all sullied sea sar;
Our Peggy and all our fwoak sed
To Eeeth Fair I sud never gang mar; 60
But it's rake-time, seea I mun away,
Por my partners are all g'yan to wark : ' —
Seea I lowp'd up an bad him gud day,
An wrowt at t' Awd Gang^ tell 't was dark. 64
1 Spent 2f . *Jd, * The name of a lead mine.
BWALBDALE, TOBESHIBB.
[C. L
[The nmnben ocoanonallT labjoined to the explimatioM lefor to tho Hnae of
•BeethBartleFair/j
Aboon, [uboom] adv. above. Ex.
< Gkmg t*ll dboon,' or ' ^ang tay
aboon,* go to aboye, i. a np-
Btaira.
Aokward, [aak-ud, jraak-ud] adj\
awkward. (In Clevelana pro-
nounced [ok'ud]. — Atkinson.)
Aotilly, [aakiJi; also aak'kli]
adv, actually.
Addle, [aad'l] v, to earn.
Addlings, [aad-linz] eb. pL earn-
inga.
Aglet, to an^ [aag-lit] to a nicety,
to a tittle, ^e:. 'it fits to an
agUt,^ [Contracted from aiquU-
leUe, a tag, point.— J. 0. A. J
Aim, [eh'm, ye*h'm] sb, inten-
tion, purpose. Ex. 'I miss'd my
aim,* I was disappointed in my
purpose.
Aither, [e*li*dliur] indef. pron,
either.
Ajye, [ujee*] <xdj. awry, crooked,
askew. See Aaunn,
Aleean, [uli'h'n] <xdj. alone.
* Let me aleean,* let me be.
Amang, [umaang*] jprep. among.
Anenst, [unenst*] prep, opposite.
Anklet, [aang'klit] sb. a short
stocking or sock.
Anters, An-anten, [aan-t'uz, un-
aan't*uz] conj. in case of, should
it happen. Ex. ' TU tak my
greeat cwoat, antera it sud snaw; '
I'll take my great coat, lest it
should snow.
Appem, [aap'ur'n] sb, an apron.
Arr, [aa*r] sb, a cicatrice, a mark
of small pox. Bee Pock-arr*d,
Ask, [aask] sb, a lizard.
Abs, [aas] v, to ask.
Am, [aas] sb, pi, coal ashes.
ABdetree, [aaait^iee] sh, axle.
Aiale-tath, [aas-ltiwth] sb. double-
tooth, masticator.
Afwin, [uBwin*] ocff. oblique^
askew. See Jjye.
At, [ut] eoT^'. that; 4. [Diis
form occurs only in running
conversation ; never in pause or
emphasis. — 0. 0. E.]
Awd, [ao-h'd] acb', old; 21.
AwdCEurand, [ao'h'dfiBuurund]
adj, old'&shioned, preoociouBly
witty. Ex. 'he's an atod/arrand
lile chap.'
Awd Sorat, [ao-h'd scraat] sb. the
deviL
Awm, [aoh'*m] sb, elm.
Awm, [aoh'm] sb, the beard of
barley.
Babby, [baabd] sb, a baby, a
pretty picture.
Baokerlv, [baakmli] adj. back-
ward, late, of late growth.
Backstane, [baak'steh'-n] sb. a
circular iron plate for baking
cakes.
Badger, [ba^jiir] sb. a meal-seller.
Badly, [baad*li] adJ, sick, poorly.
Bain, [beh'*n] acff, near.
Baith, Beeath, fhe-h'th, bih'th]
adj. both ; 40. [Baith is the more
refined form ; Doth forms may
be heard from the same i>er8on.
—0. 0. E.]
Bale Hill, [be*hl-il] sb, an ancient
smelting-place, heap of scoria.
Band, [baand] sb. a string or cord.
Bar, [baa*r] adj, bare.
Barf, [baa-f] sb, an elevated
fort, lofty grazing-groimd, a
tumulus, barugh, or barrow.
{^Barf (also barugh, baurgh in
C.I.]
SWALEDALE, TORKS&IBE.
Cleyeland, as in Lanqhaurgh
Wapentake) is a long ndge or
hill, dependent on A.S. beorh,
heorg; but not a fort, tumulus,
or barrow. The latter is called
Brough or Bruff, — J. C. A.]
Barfsun, rbaa*&i] eh. a horse-
collar. See Braffam,
Barghaiit, [baa-geh'st] 8h. a gob-
lin.
Bark'd, n>aa*kt] adj\ encrusted,
as blood or dirt encrusted or dried
on the skin.
Bam, [baa-n] eh, a child.
Bartle, [baa*tl1 «&. Bartholomew;
see the Introduction.
Bat, [baat] sh, a blow.
Bawk, [baoh'*k] eb. a balk or
• beam*
Beeaker, [bi-hlcur] sb. a tum-
bler, glass.
Beeal, [bi-h'ul] v. to bellow, to
low as a cow.
Beeany, Byanny, [bih'ni] adj.
bony.
BeastiiLffs, BeastUngs, [bib'-st-
inz, bm''stlinz] sb, pi, the nulk
of a cow immediately after calv-
ing.
Beok, [bek] sb. a rivulet.
Belive, [bila'yv] adv. presently,
after a while.
Balk, [belk] v. to belch, to eruc-
tate.
Beyiflh, with a, [bevish] with
violent and rapid motion.
Bezom, [beezm, bih'-zm] sh. a
broom.
Bide, [baayd] t;. (1) to stay; (2)
to endure. Ex. * I can hide as
mickle pain as ony body.' [The
[aa] is usually medial The pro-
nunciations [baa*yd, baa-d] are
also casual to the dale.— O. C. E.]
Bield, [beeld] sh, a shelter.
Bink, [bipgk] sh. a stone bench.
[burlc] sb. birch.
e^ur'l sb. a violent motion.
evish.
Black-apVized, [blaak-ava'yzd*]
adj, of a dark complexion.
Black ouzel, [blaak oozi; also
oawz'l] ab, blackbird.
Blake, [ble-h'kl adj. sallow, of a
dull yellow colour.
Blash, [blaash] v. to splash.
Blaw,{blao-]t;.toblow. [[Blaoh'-]
is also heard, in pause, and be-
fore consonants.— %l. C. B.]
Blea-berry, [bli-h'buri] sb. a bil-
Bleah, *[bH-h'] adJ, Hvid.
Bledder, [bled'-ur] sb. a bladder.
Blether, [bledhnir] sb. noisy vul-
gar discourse.
Blindfeeald, [blin-fi-h'ld] adj.
blindfolded.
Blirr, [blur*] sh. a blaze.
Blirt, [blur't] sb. a flash.
Bliflh, [blish] sh. a blister. Also
as a v6. to blister. Ex. < I ran
till my feet was hlisKdJ See
FlUh.
Blob, [blob] sb. a bubble.
Blob, [blob] sb. the best of any-
thing.
Blude, [bliwd] sh. blood.
Bodwill, n[)aod'wil, baodil] sb. a
half-farthing, a bodle.
Boggle, [baogi] sb. a goblin. See
Barghaut,
Boggle, [baogl] v. to shy, to
start, to recoil irom.
Bonny, [baoni] adj. fine ; 20.
Botchet, [baoch'it] sb. a liquor
made from honey, mead. (Cf.
bracket. — Atkinson. )
Bonk, [boawk] sh. size or height.
Bonn, fboawn, boo*n] going to.
Ex. * Whar*s te fcoun tee'a ? *
Bowt, [boawt] sb. a bolt.
8
8WALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
[C. 1.
Brabble, [biaab'l] eh, a squabble.
Brabblement, [braab'ulment] eh.
squabbling.
BrafEua, [braaf-m] ah. the same
as Barfam,
Brandling, [braan-dlin] sK a
small worm generally found in
old horse-dung, a fiiTourite bait
for trout.
Brandy-snaps, [braan'disnaaps ;
the d often dental] »h. pi, small
wafer-like cakes of gingerbread ;
17.
Branken, [braangkin] pres. part,
prancing.
Bran-new, [braan'neew*] cu^'.
quite new.
Brant, [braant] ac(f, steep.
Brass, [braas] ah, money.
Brat, [braat] ah. a child's pina-
fore.
Braszent, [braaz*nt] adj, impu-
dent, pert.
Brea, [bri-h'] ah, a broken bank.
Breckon, [brek-un] ah, fern. [The
bracken ; Pterin aquilina, —
J. 0. A.]
Breead, [bri*h'd] adj, broad.
Breer, [bri-h'r] ah, briar.
Breest^ [breest] ah, breast. [Se-
veral pronimciations are current,
as [bnst, br:igt, brih*-8t, bri'h'st].
The form I have most ofken heard
inSwaledale is [br.ist]. — C. C. R]
Breet, [bree*t] adj. bright.
Breethir, [breedhnir] ah, pi,
brethren.
Brig, [brig] ah, a bridge.
Brist, [brist] v, to burst.
Briz, [briz] v. to bruise.
Broaoh, [bruo'h'ch] ah. (1) a
church-spire ; (2) a wooden spin-
dle, from which a cop of yam is
wound upon a clew. [The oa in
Gleyeland has the sound of oa in
toast [oa].— J. C. A.]
Brossen, [bros-n] bunt
Browt, [broawt] brought ; pi, t
o{ bring; 14.
Bmde, [briwd] ah, a brood.
Brule, [briwi] v, to broil or grilL
Bull-roink, [buol* spingk] ab. a
chaffinch.
Bumble-bee, [buomi-bee] sh. a
large bee.
Bnmmlelrite, [buomi ka'ytl sb. a
bramble-ber^.
Bnncli, [buonch] v, to kick.
Burtree, [buor-t'ree] sh, elder-tree.
Byebegit, [baaybigit**] «&. a bas-
tard.
Caok, [kaak] ah, excrement.
Cack, [^aak] v, to void excrement.
CafE; |>aaf] ah. chaflf.
Caing^, [ke'h'nji] ac(f. snarling,
peeyish.
Cairn, [ke'h'n] ah, a pile of stones.
Calliatt, [kaal'yut^ aomeHmea
kaal'yud] «6. a hard refractory
kind of stone not laminated.
Calliever, [kulee-vur] v. to skip
and scamper in a riotous manner.
Cample, [kaamp*!] v, to bully, to
speak saucily.
Canker, [kaangknr] ah, rust.
Cankered, [kaang-kud] adj. rusty,
ill-natured.
Cannily, [kaanili] adv, gently,
softly. See De/tlt/.
Cannle, [kaan*!] ah, a candle.
Cannlestiek, [kaan-lstik] ah, a
candlestick.
Canny, [kaan*i] adj. comely,
pretty, gentle.
Cap, [kaap] V, to overtop, to ex-
ceed everjrthing. Ex. < that caps
all;' — equivalent to the Irish
' beats Bimagher.'
Carling, [kaalin] ah. an old
shrew.
C. 1.]
BWALEDALE^ TORKSHIRE.
CarlingS; [kaa-linz] ah, pi, grey
peas, steeped in water, fried and
eaten on the fifth Sunday in
Lent, called in the North of
England Carling Snnday.
Cauf, [kao'h'f] sb, a calf.
Cawker, [kao-h'knrl sh, a narrow
piece of iron nailea on the soles of
wooden shoes. •
Chamer,[che*h'mur]«&. achamher.
Chamerly, [che'h'mulaay, che-
h'muli] ab. nrine. [The latter is
an occasional form, out oyer the
greater part of the county the
only recognised one. — 0. C. E.]
Chap, [chaap] sb, a customer.
Chass, [chaas] v. to chase.
Chaugh, [chaoh'*] «(. the chap or
under jaw. [In Cleveland, CAa/1
-nT. 0. A.]
Cheanny, [chih'ni ; also chi-h'nu]
$b. chma.
Cheean, [chi'h'n] sb. a chain.
Cheerer, [chi-h'ru] sb. a glass of
grog.
Chip up, [chip* nop*] v. to trip up.
Chitteiy, [chit^'uri] adj\ shaley,
applied to stone m a brittle or
crumbling state.
Choops, [chuo'pz j in many other
plctces chuobz] ah, pi, hips, the
fruit of the bnar.
Chorr, [chaor*] v. to poke violent-
ly, to use the fire-poker dimisily.
Chuck, [chuok] interj. a word
used to call poultry.
Chuck, [chuok] V, to pitch.
Chumpiu, [chuompin] sb, a block
of fire- wood.
Chwoak, [chwuo'h'k] v, to choke.
Qag, [klaag] v, to clingy to adhere
to, to daub or affix by something
adhesive.
Claggy, [klaag'i] acfj. adhesive.
Clame, [kle'h'm] v. to daub^ to
stick.
Clart, [klaa*t] v. to daub. See
Clame,
Clarty, [klaa-ti] adj. dirty, clam*
my.
Clat, [klaat] sb, idle talk.
Cleeaths, [kli-h'z] sb, pi, clothes.
Cleg, [kleg] sb, a horse-fly.
demmedi [klemd] pp, used with
reference to the sensation pro-
duced by a dry substance
sticking or passing slowly down
the oBsophagus, £i Lancashire,
to he clmmed is used to express
hunger.
Cletch, [klech] sb. a brood of
chickens. See Lowter.
Cleuf; Cleugh, [kUwf, kliwh]
ah, the hoof of a cow, sheep, or
deer. [The word Clough, a de-
scent between hi^h banks and
diflei, has precisely similar
changes of vowels at various
places in the N. Biding. At
this moment I call to mind
[kluof, kHh'f, kHwf, kle-h'f]
which are used in both senses.
By rule, however, d is [tl]. —
0. 0. R]
dick, [klik] t;. to snatch.
Clint, [klint] sb. a natural shelf
or leage of rock.
dogs, [klogz] sb,pl, wooden-soled
shoes; 28.
dotch, [kloch] V, to jog, to shake.
dotted, [klot*id] pp. coagulated,
daubed with mud.
dew, [kloaw] sb, an unseemly
bustle and confusion. Qee Screw,
dudder, jtluod'-url v. to crowd.
[When [k] ^ '^^^ea at the begin-
ning of this word, the d is not
dental— 0. 0. R]
duddered, [tluod'md] pp.
crowded.
dumpsed, [kluompst] pp. be-
numbed.
Cobble, [kob-1] sb, a laige pebble.
10
SWALEDALK, TORKSHIRE.
[C. 1.
Cobble, [kobi] v. to build care-
lessly or clumsily.
Cobby, [kob'i] adj. pert, lively,
cheerful, hilarious. Ex. * cobby
as a lop,' lively as a flea.
Cockstole, [kok'stiwl] eh. a fun-
gus.
Cod, [kod] eh. the scrotum.
Coggers, [kog-uz] sb. pL a pair
of old stodking-legs worn over
the shoes to keep out the snow.
Com, [kom] pt. t. came.
Come-by-chance, [kuo*m-bi-
chaans] 9b. the same as Bye-
begit.
Conny, [koni] eh. an ancient
word without any signification —
thus a man will say to any one
whom he may meet, whether
male or female, ' It*s a fine day,
conny ; ' to which he or she may
reply, * Ey, conny.* It is also a
term of endearment; thus, in
the introduction to Beaumont
and Fletcher's play of 'The
Knight of the Burning Pestle,'
the citizen replies to his wife,
'Ay, cotmy.' See 1. 62. ^Not
without signification. It is an
adjective used elliptically, e. g.
* conny man,' * conny lass.' —
J. 0. A. Of. Scotch canny. The
modem equivalent in standard
English is dear."]
Consait, [konseh''t] eh. conceit.
Consait, [konse*h't] v. to con-
ceive, to imagine.
Coone, [kuo'h's] adj. coarse.
Coortin, [kuoh'tin] eh. a curtain.
Cop, [kop] eh. yam wound on a
spindle.
Corn-crake, [kaoh'Ti-kre'h'k] eb.
landrail. See Daker-hen.
Cotterell, [kot'-rill sb, a cloven
pin to fjEuten a bolt.
Cower, [koawr, koor] r. to
crouch. See Crowdle. [The [oaw]
in this and following words is
. the refined form. In the word
coWf sb., with its compounds,
[oaw] is the exception. Perhane
the glossarist would have maae
this appear but for his attention
being naturally concentrated on
the mst part of the compounds
caw'Striming, ooW'Stripping, —
C. 0. R]
Cowl, [koawl, kooll v. to scrape
or raJke mud or other matter.
Cowlrake, [koawl or koolie-h'k]
ab. a long-shafted mud-scraper.
Cowp, [koaw'p, kuo-p] v. to bar-
ter ; 37.
Cowstripling, [koo or koaw--
st'riplm] $b. a cowslip.
Cow-strippings, [koo or koaw*-
st'ripinzj sb. pt. the last few
drops of nulk drained from a cow.
Cowt, [koawt, koot] eh. a colt
Cowter, [koawt' "ur, koot' tit] eh.
a coultco*.
Crack, [kraak] v. to brag.
Crack, [kraak] eh. talk, convena*
tion.
Crack on, [kraak* on*] v. to praise
Crackly, [kraak'li] acff^ brittle.
Crake, [kre*h'k] eh. a crow.
Crammle, [kraam*l] v. to crawly
to creep on the hands and knees.
Cranch, fkraansh] eh, a square
truss of nay. See Dees.
Cranch, [kraansh] v. to grind
with the teeth.
Cranky, [kraangk*i1 adj. not firm,
unsteady. See WanJde.
Crate, [kre*h't] eh. the same as
Creel.
Creel, [kree*l] eh. a sort of basket
in which earthenware is packed.
Creel, [kree*!] v. to shrink.
Creely, Creepy, [kree*li, kree*pi]
sb. a nervous chill.
Crinkle, [kring*kl] r. to recede
0.L]
SWALEDALE, TORKSHIRE.
11
firom an avowed resolutioii or the
performance of a promiBe.
Crocket, rkrok*it] sb. a small
wooden siool.
Croody [krood*] sb, a crowd.
Growdla, [kroawdi] t;. to huddle
or creep together.
Crowdyi [kroawdi] eb. oatmeal
mixed with broth, hasty pud-
ding.
Growner, [kroawnur] sb, a coro-
ner.
dmddle, [kruod-l] v, to curdle.
Cruke, [kriwk] sb, a hook.
Crukedi [kriwkt] adj, crooked.
Cnmey [kriwn] sb. a complaining
or angpry noise made by a bull or
cow. [froperly a ver6. — 0. C.R]
Cuddle, [kuod'l] t;. to embrace.
Cnke, [kiwk] v, to cook.
Cule, [kiwi] V, to cooL
Cnsh, Fkuosh] inierj. a word used
to call cows.
Cute, pdwt] adj\ acute, cunning,
quicx
Cwoats, [kwuoh'*tB] sb, pi, coats ;
but uised also of female apparel ;
10.
Daeity, [daasmti] sb, address^
penetration, quick perception.
Daffle, [daafi] v, to talk inco-
herently.
Saffling, [daaf'lin] adj, mentally
wandering, silly, superannuated.
Daft, [daafb] adj, stupid.
Daker-hen, [de'h'kur-en*] sb, the
same as Corncrake,
Bang, [daang] pret, of Ding,
which see.
Dar, [daa*r] v, to dare.
Dark, [daa*k] v, to watch or
listen slyly.
Dasher, [daash-ur] sb. a large
tooth'd comb. Ex. < Tak thy
daaJier, and reet thy hair out.'
Daytale-wark, [de'h'tl-waa*k] sb.
daily labour.
Daytal-man, [de*h'tl-maan*] sb. a
day-labourer.
Dazzed, [daazd] pp, chilled.
Deave, [di'h'v] v, to deafen.
Deevil, [d:ivl] sb, devil.
Deft, [deft] adj, neat, pretty.
Deftly, [deft'li] adv, neatly,
gently, softly, orderly. See Can'
nily,
Denshed, fdensht] adj, fastidious
as regards food.
Dess, [des] sb, a pile or truss of
hay. See Cranch.
Dess, [des] v, to pile up trusses of
hay.
Din^, [ding] v, to drive or push
with violence. Ex. ' Ding a nail
into t* wall.' * Ding him ower.'
Dodder, [dod'mr] sb, a shaking-fit.
Dodder, [dod'nr] adj, trembling.
Doff, [dof ] V. to undress^ to strip
off.
Dog-daisy, J[dog'de*h'zi] sb. a
common daisy.
Don, [don] v, to dress \ \o do on
or put on clothes ; 10.
Donnot, [don*ot] sb, a worthless
woman; also, a modest way of
speaking of the devil.
Donfiron, [don-frun] sb, labourers'
affcemoon drinkings.
Dormon, [daoh'mun] sb. a main
cross-beam.
Donk, [doawk] v. to bathe.
Dow, [doaw] V, to do well, to
thrive; negatively, *nowt at
dow^^ not worth much. Of a sick
man whose health does not im-
prove, it is ^d, * he neither dees
nor dowSf i. e. he neither dies
nor grows better.
Dowdy-cow, [doawdi-koo*] sb, a
12
8WALEDALE, TORESHIRS.
[0.1.
small, shilling beetle, sometimes
called lady<ow» [Judy-oow in
Gleyeland. — J. 0. A.]
Bowk, [doawkl «&. tenacious black
day in a lead yein.
Sowley, [doaw'li] adj. dull.
Down-bank, [doawn*-baangk]
adv, downwards.
Dowp, [doawp] sb. a carrion crow.
Sowter, [doaw*t'r] sb. a daughter.
Sozzened, [doz*nd] j>p, sodden.
SraS^ [d'raaf] sb. brewer's grains.
Dree, [d'ree-l adj. dreary, tedious,
tiresome.
Dreep, [d'rap] t;. to drawl.
Droked, [druoh'*kt] j^. saturated
with ram.
Dry, [d'raay] o^;. thirsty.
Dryte, [d'ra'yt] v. to drawL See
Ihreep,
Dub, [duob] sb. a small pooL
Dnbbler, [duob'lur] eb. a large
brown eurthenware bowl.
Duds, [duodz] sb, pi. clothes.
Dnnderknowl, [duon*d'unoawl]
$h. a dunce.
Dnrdum, [duor'*dum] sb. a row,
disturbance. See HubblesJiow and
8hindt/»
Earles, [i*h1z, yih'lz] sb. earnest
money giyen to close a bargain or
hiring.
Easings, [i'h'zinz, yi'h'zinz] sb.
pi. £e eayes of a house.
Ee, [ee*] sb. eye ; pL * een ; * 48.
Efter, [ef ii'ur] prep, after.
Eftemime, [ef *t'umi'wn] sb. after-
noon.
Egg on, [eg* on] v. to encourage,
to stimulate.
El&iher, [el-faad'ur] sb. father-
in-law.
Elding, [el'din, yeldin] sb. fuel.
Eller, [elmr] sb. an alder.
El80n,[els'n]«&. a shoemakeE^s awL
Endwise, [end'wa'yz] adv. ftom.
end to end, forward. Ex. ' gan^
endunse,* go on. [I haye nerer
heard the -wise sounded other-
wise than (uz) ; we say (eendui)
in Cleveland.— J". 0. A.J
Er, [ur] t;. pres. i. are.
Esh, [esh] sb. an a8h(tEee).
Esp, [esp] sb. an aspen.
Eadge, [faadj] v. to budge or
trot leisurely on.
Fadge-trot, [faa^j'-t'rot] «&. a jog-
trot
Eaffled, Tfaafid] pp. entangled,
bothereo.
lagged, [faagd] pp. fatigued.
Fansome, [faan-sum] adj. win-
some, showing affection.
Fant, [faant] adj. faint
Farweel, [faa'weel] adv. &rewelL
Fash, [faash] v. to trouble^ to
disturb.
Fawf, [faob'-f] sb. a fallow.
Fawt, [faoh'-t] sb. a fault
Feal, hh*'!] v. to hide; pi.t
* felt, i. e. nid.
Feck, [fekl sb. the greatest part,
nearty all.
Feckless, [fek*lus] adj. feeble-
minded.
Feeks, [feeks] sb.pl. fidgets.
Feeky, [feeki] adj. fidgetty.
Feight, [faeyt] t;. to fight ; 39.
Fell-fEiw, [fel-faoh'] sb. field&re.
Felly, [fel'i] sb. part of the rim
of a wheel!
Femmer, [femnir] adj. weak,
slight, slender.
Fend, [fend] v. to provide for
oneself, to endeavour. £z. */end
for th3r8el,' seek thy own sub-
sistence.
C.I.]
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
13
Pendy, [f:endi] adj, painstaking,
industnous, proyident, thrifty, a
good caterer.
Pest, [fest] V, to bind as an ap-
prentice, to giye orders for. See
Formel,
Pet, [fet] V, to suit or serve, be
Bomoient. Ex. 'less mud /ef,'
less might do.
Petch, [fech] sb, a pretence. See
WhaywLy,
Petoh, [fech] sb, an apparition ;
the fac-sinme of a person about
to die or just dead. See Waft,
Pettle, [fet'l] eh, condition^ order.
SeeTi/"*.
Pettle, [fet'l] v, to arrange, to
prepare, to furnish, to drees, to
put in order. See Oraith,
Pidge, [fidj] V. to keep the feet
in constant motion.
Pitches, [fichiz] sb, pi. vetches
or tares.
Pizfax, [iiks'faaks] sb, gristle^
cartilage. [The great white ten-
don of the neck. — Brockett]
Plaich, [fleh'ch] v, to flatter, to
coax, to £Eiwn.
Plannin, [flaan-in] adj, flannel ; 3.
Played, [fleh'd] jpp. as adj.
frightened.
Plecked, [flekt] pp.
speckled, flea-bitten,
See FranUde.
freckled,
spotted.
Plee, [flee-] sb. a fly.
Plee, [flee-] v. to fly.
Pleeak, [fli-h'k] sb. a sort of
hurdle hung in a horizontal po-
sition in a kitchen, just beK>w
the ceiling, on which to deposit
bread, bacon, dried herbs, &c.
Pleer, [fleeh'-r] v. to laugh scorn-
fully.
Plipe, [fla'yp] sb. the brim of a
hat.
[flish] sb. a blister. See
BlUh.
2
Flidied, [flisht] pp, blistered
with tiie sun or fire.
Flite, [fla'yt] v, to scold. The
past tense is fletat [flih't], and
the pp. flitten [flit-n J
Flowed, [floawd] adj, unsettled,
crazy.
Flude, [fliwd] sb. a flood.
Fluster, [fluos-f ur] sb. a flutter.
Flnz, [fluoz] V. to bruise with
the fist. Ex. • TYifluz thy mun,'
m disfigure thy mouth.
Fog, [fog] sb, aftergrass.
Feisty, [faoys-ti] adj, fusty.
Fond, [fond] adj. foolish j 50.
Fore-elders, [faor'-eld'uz] sb. pi.
ancestors.
Formel, [faor'mel-] v, to give or-
ders for anything to be made.
Fortherly, [faoh'-dhuli] adj, early,
forward, applied to anything of
early gro"w^
Fobs, [faos] sb, a waterfall ; spelt
force in some places.
Foumart, [foawmut, foo'mut] sb.
a pole-cat.
Fouty, [foawt-i] adj, paltry, con-
temptible, disgusting, woiiMess.
Franticle, [fraan-tikl] sb, freckle.
See Flecked.
Fratch, [fraacb] v. to lie, to quar-
rel.
Fratch, [fraach] sb. a lie.
Freend, [friind] sb. a friend.
Freet, [free-t] sb, fright.
Freetened, [free-tnd] pp. fright-
ened.
Freetfol, [free-tfuol] adj. fright-
Fremd, [frcmd] adj. strange, not
related to. See Uncoth,
Fridge, [fridj] v, to chafe, to ex-
coriate.
Frosk, [fraosk] sb. a frog.
14
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
[C. 1.
Trow, [froaw] sb. a dirty woman,
a slut.
Fmitas, [friwtois] sb. a fritter.
Tnte-brigy [fiwt-brig] sb, a foot-
bridge.
OaixLf [geb'ii] adj. near. See
Bain,
Oalloway, [gaal-uwe'h'] *5. apony.
Cbun, [gaam] sb. game.
OamasheSy [gaam'ushiz] sb. pi.
gaiters, spatterdashes.
Oang, [gaang] v. to go ; 60.
Oangrel, [gaangTil] sb. an awk-
ward fellow, a stroller.
Oar, [gaanr] v. to compel, to in-
duce.
Ckurth, [gaa'tb ; often gaa*db] sb.
a paddock, a small field, a yard.
Ex. kirk-garthf church-yarA.
Oavelock, [geb'-vluk, gaavluk]
$h. an iron crow-bar.
Oear, [gi'b'r] sb. bamess.
Oeld, [geld] adj. barren.
Oewgam, [giwgaam] sb. a Jew*B
barp.
Ctezling, [gez'lin] sb. a gosling.
Gill, [gil] sb. a glen or valley.
Oim, [gu'n] v. to grin. [This
word has two pronunciations.
When the vowel is long, as in-
dicated, the r is not trilled ; but
when short, also a very usual
sound, the r is strongly trilled ;
as r^ur*n]. The same remark
applies to girt, but not so for-
cibly. The u of this word is
mostly mediaL — C. 0. R]
Girt, [g:ut] adj. great.
QisMf [gis] interf. a word used to
call pigs.
Git, [git] V. to get; pp. 'git-
ten*d ; ' 4.
Give owr, Fgiv oawr] v. to cease,
leave off, let alone.
Glead, [gU-b'd] sb. a kite.
Glee, [glee*] v, to squint.
Glent, [glent] v, to glance, or fly
off.
Gliff, [glif] sb. a glimpse. V^y,
* I gat a gliff o* thee,' I got a
slight view of thee.
Glime, [gla'ym] v. to look ask-
ance.
Glish, [glisb] v. to sparkle, to
glitter.
Glish, [glisb] sb. a flash, a sparkle,
a sudden gleam.
Gliflhy, [glisb'i] adj. sparkling.
Glockening, [glok*nin] sb. glim«
mering, a partial thaw.
Glowr, [gloawb'-r] v. to stare.
Gliimpy, [gluom-pi] adj\ sulky,
in the dumps.
Gob, [gob] sb, the mouth. See
Mun.
Gobful, [gobfuol] sb. a mouthfuL
Goddardly, [gaodnid'li] adv. de-
murely, unconcernedly.
GodVpenny, [gaob'-dzpeni] ab.
earnest given on hiring a serv-
ant. See EarUs.
Goitstead, [gaoyt-sti'b'd] sb. an
old wat^xx)urse.
GoUing, [goling] sb. an un-
fledged bird.
Gostering, [gos't'ring] adj. hec-
toring, bullying.
Gove, [guob'v] V. to stare about
foolishly. See Olowr.
Govison, [guoh**visn] sb. a dunce,
a blockhead.
Gowpens, [goawp-nz] sb. pi.
handfuls.
Graidly, [greb'-dli] adv. gently,
by degrees.
Grain, [greh'-n] sb. an offshoot
firom a valley or ravine.
Graith, [gre-h'dh] v. to furnish,
to prepare, to harness. ^^ Fettle.
Gralthed, [gre-h'dhd] pp, fur-
nished, hajrnessed, dressed.
C.I.]
SWALEDALE, TORKSHIRE.
15
Greean, [gri-h'n] r. to groan.
Oreeap, [grili'-p] v. to feel, to
grope.
Oreeave, [gri-h'v] sb, a grave.
Oreeave, [grili'*v] v. to dig.
Grip, [grip] V. to grasp.
Grip, [grip] sb, a narrow channeL
See urupe.
Gripe, [gra'yp] sb. a dung-fork.
Chrots, [grots] sb. pi, shelled oats.
Orou, [groaw] adj. ngly, grim;
51.
Grounge, Fgroawnj] r. to grum-
ble, growL See Mounge,
QmSf [gniof] v. to grunt.
Gruff, [gruof] adj. surly.
Grand, [gruond] sb. ground.
Grand, [gruond] f;. to grind.
Grape, [griwp] sb. a narrow chan-
nel behind stalled cattle to catch
the urine and dung. See Grip.
Grave, [griwv] sb. a lead mine.
Chuver, [griwvnir] sb. a lead
miner; 36.
Galls, [guolz] sb. hasty pudding
made of oanneal ; 32.
Gaily, [guoli] sb. a large knife.
Haoky [aak] sb. a mattock.
Hag, [aag] sb, a break in the
surfiu^e of a peat bog.
Hag, [aag] v. to chop or cut with
an axe.
Haggle^ l^aag-l] v. to dispute
pertinaciously in bargaining.
Hag-worm, [aag'waor'm] sb. a
large snake. (The common
snake. — ^Brockett)
Halliday, [aalidu] sb, holiday.
Ham-Bam, faam'saam*] adv. pell-
mell, conmsedly, recklessly, dis-
orderly.
Handsel, [aan*sl] sb. the first sale
or purchase.
Hang*dly, [aang-dli] adv, reluct-
antly.
Hank, [aangk] v, to fEisten by a
loop.
Hap, [aap] v. to cover, to clothe.
Hash, [aash] adj. harsh.
Hask, [aask] adj. dry, parched.
Haagh, Hawes [aoh'-, aoh*'z].
See Hdnif Thwaite, [Hough and
Haw are different spellings which
do not admit of distinction in
Boimd. — 0. 0. R]
Haver-cake, [aav-ur ke*h'k] sb.
oat-cake.
Haver-meal, [aavur mi'h'l] sb.
oatmeal.
Hawd, [aoh'-d] interj. hold I
Hawf, [aoh'f ] adj. half.
Hay-bay, [e-h'-be-h*] sb. a disturb-
ance. See Durdumy Hubbleshew,
Hee, [ee*] adj. high.
Heead, [i-h'd, yih'd] sb, head.
Heead-wark, [ih'd or yi-h'd-
waa*k] sb. headache.
Heeah, [i-h'] interi. here I take
that I
Heeal, [ih'l] adj. whole.
Heeam, [i-h'm] sb. home ; 2.
Hell oat, [el oot] v. to pour out.
Helter, [el*t'u] sb. a halter.
Heronsew, [ur-unsiw, i'h'run-
siw] sb. a heron.
Het, Heeat, [et, i'h't; also yet,
yi'h*t] adj. hot.
Heagh, [iw] sb. a grassy top
or side of a moimtain.
Heok, [iwk, yiwk] sb. the hip.
Heok-beean, [iwk-bi-h*nl sb.
the hip-joint. See Huckfebeean.
Hing, [ing] t;. to hang up.
Hippens, [ipninz] sb. infant's
cloths. 9
Hippings, [ipinz] sb. pi. step-
ping-stones across a river.
16
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRK.
[CL
a
Hitch, [ich] V. to bop on one leg.
Ex. * Hitchf stride, and lowp,*
hop, skip, and jiunp.
Hobthnuh, [ob'thruosh] sb,
wall-louse.
Hocker, [ok-ur] r. to clamber;
applied spedaUy to cattle climb-
ing on each other's backs.
Holm, [oawm] sb, a meadow near
a river. See ffaugh, Thwaite,
Honghfl, [oaw'z] sb. pi, the hocks
of a horse or cow ; also applied
to a man's dirty shoes or cliimsy
feet.
How, [oaw] sb, a round hill.
Howder,
Howder,
sb, rubbbh.
V, to heap to-
oaw'd'ur"
, ^oawd'*ur
gether in a disorderly manner.
Howdy, [oawdi] sb. a midwife.
Howk, [oawk] v. to dig or scratch,
to scoop.
Hnb, [uob] sb, a thick sod, pared
off before cutting peat.
Hnb-end, [uob* end*, uob-ind*] sb.
the hob at the end of a fireplace.
Hnbbleshew, [uob'1-shiw] sb, tur-
moil, bustle, confusion. See
Jhtrdum,
Hncklebeean, [uok'1-bi-h'n] sb,
hip-joint. See Ileuk,
Hug, [uog] V. to carry.
Hull, [uol-] sb, a pig-stye ; 30.
Hulls, [uol'z] sb. pL bean-swads,
bean-pods.
Hnininled, [uomnild] adj, with-
out horns.
Hmnp-back, [uomp'-baak] sb, a
hunchback.
Hnnd, [uond] sb. a hound.
Hype, [a'yp] v. to gore.
Hyven, [aayvn] sb. ivy.
Ice-shockle, [a'ys'shokl] sb, icicle.
m-heppen, [ilepn] adj. ill-
favoured.
niion-end, [ilTon end] sb. shoe*
maker's waxed threacL
Inbank, [in'baangk] cuiv. down-
wards. See Down-bank.
Ingpi, [ingz] sb, pi, meadows, pas-
tures. See Holm,
Inkling, [ingk-lin] sb. a hint
Ise, faayz] used for I am; or I
will. Lit. / is.
Jabber, [jaab'r] t;. to piate, to
chatter.
Jaok-0-legi, [jaak-ul^] v. a
large clasp-cufe.
Jagger, [jaagmr] sb. a driver of
pack-horses.
Jagger-horse, [jaagnir-aoh**s] «5.
a pack-horse.
Jannock, [jaan'uk] sb. leavened
oat cake.
Jannock, [jaan*uk] adj. nsed
negatively only ; notjannock^ i. e.
not right, not correct, not proper,
not as it ought to be.
Jice, [ja'ys] sb. pi. joists.
Jinuners, [jim'urs] sb. pi. hinges.
Jinny-hewlet, [jin'i-iw*lut] sb. an
owL
Jinny-jay, [jin-ye h'] sb. a jay.
Joggle, [jogl] V. to shake.
Jowl, [ joawl] V. to jangle bells.
Jowl, [joawl] V. to push a man's
head against a wall.
Jowl, r joawl] sb, a jaw ; the head
of a large £sh.
Jyke, [ja'yk] v. to creak.
Kale pot, [ke'h'l pot] sb, a round
iron pot, on three feet, used for
boiling meat.
Kaw-waw, [kao'h'-waoh*'] adj\
crooked, distorted, ill-natured,
cross-grained. See Ajye.
Keeah, [kih'*] irUerj. begone!
avaimt I
C. 1.]
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
17
Eeeam, p^i'h'm] sh a comb.
Eeeave, [kili'v] t?. to break ore
with a hammer firom a stone.
Eeld, [keldl sh, a spring, gener-
ally a 'holy* welL
Kelk, [kelk] ^5. a violent blow on
the body.
Eelk-kecksy, [kelk-keksi] eh, a
large meadow-plant. [A large
hemlock ; see Kdk in Brockett.]
Ken, [ken] v. to know.
Eenspeckld, [ken-spekl] adj.
easily known, conspicuous.
Sep, [kep] V. to catch.
EesBen, [kesn] pp, cast.
X^est, [kest] v. to cast.
Set, [ket] sh. rubbish, carrion.
Kibble, [kib'l] sh, a small tub or
bucket used to draw ore from a
lead mine.
Kill, [kil] 8h. a kiln.
Kink, [kingk] ah. the peculiar
whoop or crow accompanying the
whooping-cough.
Kink-conglL, King-conglL,
[kingk'kuof, king-kaof] tib.
whooping-cough.
Kirk, [kur'k] sh. a church.
Kirk-garth, [kur^*gaa*th or dh]
tih. a churchyard.
Kirk-maister, [kur*k'meh''stur]
sh. a churchwarden.
Kim, [kur'n] sh. a chum.
Kim, rkur*n] sh, harvest-home.
See mell, [In less primitive
localities called a kim-supper or
churn-supper [kur*n-suop'ur,
chu*n-suop*ur], there being
plenty of work for the chum
oeforohand. — C. 0. R.]
Kiflt, [kist] sh. a chest.
Kit, [kit] sh. Christopher.
Kit, [kit] sh. a pail.
itling, [kit'lin] sh. a kitten.
Kittle, [kit'l] adj\ too ready,
hasty, on tiptoe, ready to be off,
unstable, ready to faUL See
Wankle.
Kittle, [kit'l] v. to tickle.
Kittle, [kit'l] V. to bring forth
kittens.
Kizzened, [kizmd] pp. as adj\
wizened, parched, withered.
Knack, [naak] v. when a peasant
drops the dialect of his district,
ana affects the court langpage
of his country, he is said to
knack.
Knarl, [naa*l] v. to gnarl, gnaw.
Knep, [nep] v. to snatch with the
teeth, to bite hastily.
KnitcheU, [nichnil] sh. a cluster
of lice or other vermin.
Knockle, [noki] sh. knuckle.
Kowp, [koawp] i;. to exchange,
to barter. See Swap,
Kye, [kaay] sh. pi. kine, cows.
Lad-lowper, [laad* loawpur] sh, a
romp.
Laithe, [le*h'dh] sh. a bam.
Lake, [le-hlc] v. to play.
Lakewake, [le-h^kweh'-k] sh. a
meeting at the house of a de-
ceased friend the night before
the funeral.
Laking, Babby-lakinjg, [baab*
ilo'h'kin] sh. a plaything.
Lallockin^, [laal'ukin] sh, unre-
strained junketting, or scamper-
ing.
Lam, [laam] v. to beat, to
chastise. See Lounder, Whale,
Land-lowper, [laand 'loawpur] sh,
a stroUer, a vagrant.
Lang, [laang] adj, long.
Langlaved, [laang-le-hVd] o^*.
oval.
Lang-settle, [laang-setl] sh. a
18
8WAIXDALC, TORESHISK.
[C.L
wooden iHit with
and
paang-^frib'kl]
pp, laid at full length ; lit. long-
Ittif f^ne, [laang- n' jn] adc.
kngsnoe.
Lsp, [l^^p] ^- to ^"^^^P* to fold.
Lsp, [laap] /)^. /. leaped.
Ledge, [ledj] »6. a narrow slielf
of earai or rock. See CiinL
Lee, [lee-] «6. a lie.
leeeh, [H-h*] #6. a scythe.
Leeaaly, [lih'nli] adj. lonelj.
Leer, pih'r] #6. a liar.
Leet, [leet] ^. light
Leet-heeaded, [leei-ih'did] adj.
ligjit-headed,
Leet-heeled, [leeteeld] adj. gid-
dy, unsteady, nnchaste.
Leetly-fiurend [leetlifaanmd].
8ee Led-heded.
Leetning, [leet-nin] sh. lightning.
Leet on, Jpeet' on*] r. to find, to
meet with.
Leu, [len] V. to lend.
Let wit, or weet, pet* weet] to
pretend. Ex. ' i let weet to
greet/ I pretended to cry.
Lib,
Hb
V. to castrate.
V. to lie down.
Limber, [lim'bar] adj, flexible.
Ling, [ling] eh. heather.
Ling7, [lin'ji] adj. tall, active^
auuetic.
Lin-pin, [lin'pin] sb. a linch-pin.
Lish, [lish] adj. active.
Lisk, [lisk] sh. the groin.
Lite, [laayt] v. to expect.
Loaning, [lwuoh''nin] sh. a lane.
Lop, pop] sh. a flea.
Lopper, [lopnir] sh, sour milk.
[xUther, curdled milk. — J. C. A.]
Lot, pot] r. to ballot.
Lo^k, Doi, iaoQ sL % nnaU
caTity.
Loonder, lloawndWirl r. to beat.
Low, poaw*] §b. a blaae, a flame.
Lows, [loawni] adj. calm, not
windy, sheltered.
Lowp, [loawpl sb. a leapi Abo o.
to leap; * I fot^pcrf,' I kept ; 63.
Lowter, [loawf-ar] sb. abrood of
chickens or dncka
Lnfler, [Inof'f or] §b. a growing
bondi of ooane grass.
Lng, [luog] sb. the ear.
Lng, [luog] r. to tug; to pull the
hair.
Luke, [liwk] r. to look.
Lntha, [luodh-u] imierj. lo there,
look or see there, behold !
Luther, [luodh*ur] sb. a heap, a
great quantity.
Lyle, [la'yl] adj. Uttle.
Lyle-houae, [la*yl* oos] sb. a
priyy ; lit. a little houseL
Lythe, [laaydh] v. to thicken
broth with flour or oatmeal.
Hack, [maak] sh. kind, sort ; ' all
macks o' meeat,' all sorts of meat ;
33. Also V. to make.
Maddle, [m<uuii] v. to puzzle, to
confuse.
Maddled, [maad'ld] pp. puzzled,
bewildered.
Maister, [me-h'st'ur] sh. master.
Mammy, [maam*i] sh. mother.
Mangrel, [maangnil] adj. mon-
grel, crossbred.
Mar, [maa*r] adj. more ; 22.
Marrows, [maar'niz] sh. pi. fel-
lows, alike.
Mash, [maasb] v. to smash, break
in pieces.
C.I.]
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
19
Mash, [maasli]«2». scalded bran for
a horse or beast.
Mawky [mao'h'k] sb. a maggot.
Mawm, [mao'h'm] adj. demure.
Mawt, [mao'h't] sb, malt.
Maybe, [meh*-bi, mebi] cuiv. per-
haps.
May-gezling, [me'h'-gezlin] sb. a
blockhead; lit. May-gosling.
Maze, Jme'h'z] v, to amaze, to
astonish.
Mazeling, [me'h'zlin] ab. a sim-
pleton.
Mear^ [mi'h'r] sb, a mare.
Mell, [mel] v. to meddle.
Mell, [mel] sb. a mallet.
Mell, [mel] sb. end of haymaking.
Mense, [mens] sb. decency,
liberality.
Mense, [mens] v. to make de-
cent, respectable.
Mentefol, [mens'fnol] adj. de-
cent, respectable, modest, proper,
weLL-behayed, liberal, the reverse
of * shabby ' in apparel, or de-
meanour.
Mere, [mi-h'r] sb. a lake. [I
hare heard old x)eople of other
rural localities call a piece of
marshy ground, when under
water, a mere. These people
would call sodden reedy ground
a mariah. But the ususd Mid.
Yks. word for an3rthing like a
pond IB dike [da*yk].— C. C. R]
Mich, [mich] adv. much.
Mickle, [mik-1] adj. much.
Midden, [midin, mid'un] sb. a
dung-hill.
Midge, [midj] sb. a small gnat.
Misteean, [misti'h'n] pp. mis-
taken.
Mole, [maoy] sb. a muddle, riot,
confusion.
Monny, [mon*i] adj. many.
Moor-gam, [muo'h'gaam] sb.
grouse ; lit. moor-game.
Moor-poot, [muo'h'puo-t] sb. a
young grouse.
Monnge, [moawnj] v. to grumble.
See CHrounge.
Mowter, [moawt**ur] sb. com
taken by the miller in lieu of
money for grinding.
Mnck, [muok] sb. dirt ; 56.
Mncky, [muok*i] adj. dirty.
Mnd, [muod] anx. v. might.
Muggy, [muog'i] adj. damp,
foggy, but warm ; as applied to
the weather.
Mnn, [muon] aux. v. must Ex.
' I mun gan^ heeam,' I must go
home. SeeL 61.
Mtm, [mnonl sb. month. Ex.
*ril fluz thy mun.* See Gob,
Flux.
Mime, [miwn] sb. moon.
Mnrl, [mnoi^l] v. to crumble.
Miuh, [mnosh] sb. dust^ rubbislu
Mysel, [misel*] pron. myself.
Nab, [naab] sb. a promontory.
Nab, [naab] v. to catch, to trap.
Naff, [naaf ] sb. a nave of a wheeL
Nagg^, [naag-i] adj. snarling.
Nay, Neah, [ne-yu, ni'yu] both
in pause, ctdv. no.
Neaf, [ni-h'f] sb. the iBst.
Nean, Nen, [ni-h'n, nen] adj.
none.
Neb, [neb] sb. the bill of a bird.
Needles, [nee'dlz]; the phrase
' sex needles ' means a short in-
terval, viz., the time during
which a woman knitting would
work the loops off the nerales ax.
times ; 7.
Nekk'd, [nekt] adj. naked.
Nep-hazel, [nep-aazl] sb. a greedy
feUow.
20
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
[CI
Henk, Hewkin, [niwk, niwkin]
sh, a nook, a comer ; 49.
Vihf [nib] sh, the handle on a
mower's scythe.
Hmny-liainnier, [nin*i-aamar] «2).
a siUy girL See Govisan, [Used
of both sexes. — 0. 0. E.]
Hip, [nip] V. to pinch.
Hobbnti [nob'ut, naobnit] adv,
only.
Vogf [nog] sh, a wooden peg ; 26.
Hogg^, [nogin] sh, a small
wooden vessel, a small spirit
measure.
Horation, [naor'e'h'shn] sh, (for
oration) a confusion. See DuV'
dum. Mote, &c.
Howt, [noawt] sh, nothing; 16.
Hnb, [nuob] v. to nudge or jog.
Onbethink, [on-bithingk*] v, to
recollect.
Onder, [on-d'ur] prep, under.
Ondergnmd, [on'd'urgruond] adj.
imdergrouno.
Ondertak, [on'd'urtaak] v. to un-
dertake.
Ony, [aoni] indef, pron, any.
Oppen, [op-un] adj, open.
Oppen-monthed [op'unmoodlid*]
adj, open-mouthed, indiscreetly
talkative.
Owr, [oawr, oawh*r] prep, over.
Owt, [oawt] sh, anything.
Oxter, [ok'st'ur] sh. the armpit
Pan, [paan] v, to fit, to suit the
position, to set about handily.
Pannable, [paan-ubl] adj. handy,
suitable.
Parliflh, [paa-lish] adj. perilous,
dangerous.
Parfit, [paa-fit] adj, perfect.
Pash, [paash] sh. violence. See
Bevish,
Pash, [paash] sh. a sadden and
heavy fall of rain.
Pate, [pe-h't] sh, a badger.
Pawky, [paoh'ki] adj. pert,
saucy.
Peff; Pegh, [pef] V. to breathe
shoit or with difficulty, or spas-
modically. [There is also an-
other similar word, oonstantH^
heard in several Southern locali-
ties as well as in N., Mid., and
S. Yorksh., viz. the verb [peyl
South, or [paey] ^or<A, as 1
should write it. Thus, one per-
son says of another — * I met him
coming along peying at all iv-
vers' (all evers), i e. pushing
along at no end of a pace. In
the present participle uiere is a
faint ^, or a rough aspirate ; but
the verb is innocent of this. —
C. C. E.]
Pennorth, [pen-uth] sh. penny-
worth.
Pent, [pent] sh. paint.
Pez, [pez] sh, pi, peas.
Piannot, [pih'-nut] sh, a magpie.
Pick np, [pik-uop] v. to vomit.
Piggen, [pig-in] sh, a small wood-
en paiL
Pig-hull, [pig-uol-] sh, a stye.
Pike, [pa*yk] v, to pick.
Pirn, [pur'n] sh. a stick with a
noose at the end to hold an im-
ruly horse.
Pirn, [pur'n] v, to seize or se-
cure, to punish.
Pittle, [pit-1] V. to piddle.
Pleeace, [pli-h's] sh, place.
Plengh, [pliw] sh, a plough.
Plwoat, [plwuoh'-t] V, to pluck
the feathers off a bird.
Pock-arr*d, [pok*aa-d] ac^. mark-
ed with small pox. See Arr.
Poddish, [podish] sh. potage,
porridge, broth.
Potter, [pot'-ur] V. to trifle.
C. 1.]
SWALEDALE, TORKSHIRE.
21
Frent, [prent] sb, print
Proncei [proaws or proosl v, to
talk and etrut affectedly, or
proudly.
Pmfey [priwf] sh. proof.
Prove, [priwv] V. to prove.
Puke, [piwk] V, to vomit. See
Pitkup.
Pazznm, [puoznim] ah, poison.
Pwoaky [pwuoh''k] sh. a sack.
Qneshioily [kweshn] eh. a ques-
tion.
Qny, Whye, [kaay, waay] sh, a
h^er.
Backle, Fraak*!] adj. bead-strong,
nnsteaay, rasn.
Saff, [raaf] sh, rubbish ; dis-
orderly blackguard company.
Bannle-bawk, [raan-1 bao-b'k] sh,
an iron bar across a chimney
firom which the pot hooks or
reckons are suspended.
Bash, [raash] sh. an eruption on
the skin.
-Batten, [raat*n] sh. a rat
Bave, [re*h*v] pret. of to rive or
tear. See Mive.
Bavle, [raav'l] v. to entangle.
Beap up, [ri-h'p nop] v. to recall
an old gneyance.
Becken, Beoken-croke, frekn,
rek-n-criwk] th, a pot-hook,
Beokling, [rek-lin] sh. the last
child ; the last or smallest pig of
the litter.
Beddiflh, [redish] sh. a radish.
Beean, B'yan, [ri*h'-n ; ri . . yn]
sh. a rid^, a dyke; cannot be
translatea so as to be perfectly
understood by any but a native.
[Also called rain J^re*h*n] in
Craven. If the tounst in York-
shire should observe some grassy
terraces or flat strips rising like
steps one above the other on a
hill-side, resembling sheep-
tracks, but of greater breadth,
he may know that he is looking
at rains. They are said to de-
note ancient cultivation, and to
be artificial. The word is simply
the IceL rein^ a strip of land. —
W. W. S. Much oftener used
of the usual strip of imcultivated
ground, generally used as a cart-
way, alon^de a hedge. — C. 0. B.
The Rein is the name of a raised
bank, enclosing a considerable
extent on the estate of the Hon.
P. Dawnay, Beningbrough Hall,
near York. — J. 0. A.]
Beeap, Bapo, [ri-h'p, re-h'p] sh. a
rope.
Beeasty, [ri-h'sti] adj. rusty;
applied to bacon.
Beek, [ree'k] sh» smoke.
Bench, [rensh] v. to rince.
Bid, [rid] V. to clear away.
Bid, [rid] sh. progress. Ex.
'Thou comes neeah rid* thou
makest no progress, thou gettest
on slowly.
Bidding, [rid*in] sh. a clearing.
Bift, [rift] V. to belch. See Bdh,
Big, [rig] sh. a ridge.
Bi^ging-tree, [rigint'ree] sh. the
ndge of a house.
Big^ot, [rig'uti sh, a horse with
but one testicle.
Bip, [rip] sh. a blackguard.
Bive, [raayv] v. to tear.
Beidy, [rao-ydi] adj» coarse,
rough; chiefly applied to grass
or hay ; it has the same signifi-
cation in the patois of Normandy.
Boiflter, [raoys't'ur] sh. a bully.
BoiBtering, [raoys't'ring] adj.
bullying, hectoring.
Boke, [ruoh^'k] sh. damp, flying
mist
Botten-8t*yan, [rotTi-sti . . yn] sh.
22
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
[CI.
fuller's eartli. [No; rotten-stone.]
Bonpf [roawp] sh, a hoarseness.
Bonped, [roawpt] adj, hoarse.
BoY*ny [lOYii] pp. torn.
Eow, [roaw] adj. raw.
Eowk, [roawk] v. to rummage ; to
poke in lumher or dirt. See
ffowk.
Eufe, [riwf] ah, a roof.
Btunmlediuiter, [raom'lduos't'ur]
$h. an unruly, noisy, troublesome
fellow. See Oostering,
Bnte, [riwt] sh. a root.
Saokless, [saak-lns] adj. silly,
bashful, innocent. See Swamous,
Sagged, [saagd] pp. distended;
bent imder pressure, deflected.
Sal, [saal] aux. v. shall.
Sang, [saang] sh. a song.
Sappy, [saap-i] adj. oily, moist,
heavy.
Sapsknll, [saap'skuol] sh. a
smipleton. See Oovison.
Sar, [saa*r*] adj. sore; also adv.
sorely, badly ; 58.
Sark, [saa'k] sh. a shirt ; 3.
Sarra, [saar'u] v. serve.
Sartin, [saa'tin] adj. certain.
Scab, [skaab] sb. the itch.
Scab-Andrew, [skaab'-Aan-dru]
sb. a worthless fellow. See Oang-
rd.
Scallion, [skaalyun] sh. a small
young onion, a leek.
Scawp, [skaoh''p] sh. the scalp.
Scawpy, [skao'h*pi] adj. applied
to land, rocky, hard, and thinly
covered with soiL
Scopperil, [skop-uril] sh. a play-
thing made by putting a small
peg through a button-metal;
a child's teetotum.
Scowdered, [skoawd'ud] ;>/?. ap-
plied to bread, burnt or scorched
without being sufficiently baked.
Scowp, [skoawp] V. to scoop, to
excavate. See Howh,
Scrat, [skraat] v. to scratch ; also
th. a scratch.
Scrog, [skiog] ah. broken grotmdy
wim underwood, rushes, &c
Scrow, [skroaw] ah. bustling con-
fusion; when a house is dirt^
and the fomiture, &c. out of theix^
proper places. See Unsyded,
Scnmty, [skruon*ti] adj, short or
stumpy.
SeomfiBh, rskuom*fish] v. to suf-
focate with heat.
Seek, [sek] ah. a sack.
Seeap, [si'h'p] ah. soap.
Seeaves, [si-hVz] ah. pit. ruahee.
Seeing-glass, [secin-gkas] «5.
a looking-glass.
Seet, [see't] ah. a sight ; 8.
Sel, [sel] pron. self ; whence hi»
sd, himself; 15.
Selled, [seld]^^. sold; 12.
Seg, [seg] ah. a mature buU gelded.
Semmently, [sem-untlijoii/. affect-
edly modest, delicate, niminy-
piminy.
Sen, [sen] adv. since.
Sen-syne, [sensa'yn*] adv. since
that time.
Sew, [siw] sh. a sow.
Shack, [shaak] v. to shake.
Shales, [she-h'lz] sh. pi. schistose
slate.
Sham, [shaam] sh. shame ; 46.
Shamfnl, [shaam'fuol] cu^f. shame-
fuL
Shawm, [shaoh'ml v. to sit on a
low stool before uie fire with the
front of the petticoat raised above
the knees, and thus direct the
heat to the inside of the thighs.
[Rather, of the legs. Corrupted
from Fr. jamhe.'—J. 0. A.]
C. 1.]
• SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
23
Shear, [shi'h'r] v. to reap.
Shear, [shi-h'r] sh, a small
wooden implement belted to the
waist to hold the end of the
needle when knitting.
Sheckle, [sheki] sb. a swiveL
Sheckle [sheki] (of the ann), eh.
the wrist joint.
Sheddle, [i^ed-1] sb. a shuffling
gait
Sheepshanks, [sheepshaangks]
ah, pi, bandy legs.
Shift, [shift] V. to change the
dr<^
Shifty, [shif'ti] adj, shirking;
not to be depended upon.
Shirl, [shur*!] v. to shuffle, to slide.
Shive, [sha*yv
Shool, [shoo'I
sK a slice of bread.
sb, a shovel.
Shun, [shuon] sb, pi, shoes ; 9.
Shut, [shuot] V. to shoot.
Sib, [sib] ddj, related to.
Side, [saayd] adJ, long and wide,
apphed to appareL See Syed,
Side, [saayd] v. to arrange.
Sided, [saayd'id] pp. everything
in its proper place.
Sike, [sa'yk] adj. such.
Sike, [sa'yk] sb. a small rivulet.
Sike-like, [sa'yk-la'yk*] adj.
similar; 19.
Sile, [saayl] sb. a milk-strainer.
Silly, [sil'i] adj. feeble.
Sinuneren, [sim*urun] sb. a prim-
rose.
Sind, [sind] v. to rince.
Sine, [sa'yn] v. to drain.
Sipe, [sa'yp] v. to ooze, to drain ;
also sh. a sip, a drop.
Siping, [sa'yping] sb. a sip, a
drop.
Skeel, [skeei] sb. a large wooden
milk-pail.
Skellet, [skel'it] sb. a saucepan.
Skelly, [skel'i] v. to squint.
Skelp, [d^elp] V. to switch.
Skelp, [skelp] sb. a long bound
or leap.
Skep, [skep] sb. a shallow basket
with handles at each end ; 31.
See SiffUl.
Skew, [skeew] adj, awry.
Skime, [ska'ym] v. to leer ; to look
askance.
Skirl, [skur*!] v. to shriek,
scream.
Skitter, [skif'ur] sb. looseness of
bowels, purging, sewage.
Skittish, [skit'ish] adj. waggish.
Skrike, [skra*yk] v. to shriek.
Skule, [skiw'l] sb. schooL
Slack, [slaak*] sb. a hollow, a de-
pression.
Sladder, [slaad'nir] v. to scatter,
to spill:
Slaich, [sleh'xh] sb. a lazy worth-
less fellow. See 8Um.
Slaiching, [sleh''chin] adj. sneak-
ing.
Slap, [slaap] v. to slop, scatter,
spill.
Slape, [sleh'p] adj. slippery,
smooth.
Sleek, [slek] v. to slake.
Sled, [sled] sb. a sledge.
Slee, [slee*] adj. sly.
Sleeas, [sli-h'z] sb. pi. sloes.
Slem, [slem] sb. a sloven. See
Sluichf SlindgCf Slodder.
Sliddery, [slid'-uri] adj. in a
loose condition; said of the
gradual sliding of the dSbris on
a broken hill-side.
Slindge, [slinj] sb. a sloven. See
Slem, Slaich.
Sliver, [sla'yvur] sb. a splinter
of wood..
Sleeken, [slok'n] v. to slake the
thirst.
24
SWALEDALE, TORKSHIRS.
[0.1.
Slodder, [slod'iiT] sh a sloven.
See Slem,
Slnsh, Slosh, [sluosb, slosh] ah, a
puddle, melting snow; also a
wasteful slattern.
Smit, [smit] v, to infect.
Smittle, [smit'l] adj, infectious.
Smock, [smok] ah, a shift.
Smoor, [smuoo'h'r] v, to smother.
Smont, [smoawt, smooi^] ah, a
hare's muse. [A mu9e is a hole
in a hedge through which hares
and rabbits pass.]
Smndge, [smaoj] v. to smoulder.
Smnke, [smiwk] ah, smoke.
Snag, [snaag] v, to lop off.
Snagger, [snaag'ur] ah. a bill-
hook.
Snap, [snaapl ah, a small cake of
gingerbread.
Snape, [sne*h'p] v. to check a
snarling cur. [^©ry wide in
application. "Is scan (soon)
snapedj as t' chap said when he
wur boon to be hung " — a Mid
Yks. phrase.— C. 0. R]
Snapper, [snaapnir] ah. a false
step, a stumble.
Sneck, [snek] ah, a latch.
Sneel, [snee'l] ah, a snail.
Snerl, [snu*!] v, to shrivel, to
sneer, to turn up the nose. Ex.
* ho anerVd up his snout.'
Snert, [snu't] f;. to sneeze ; lit.
to snort.
Snert, [snu't] ah. a sudden ill-
suppressed laugh, a snore.
Snite, [sna'yt] v. to blow the
nose between the thumb and
finger.
Snizy, [snaayz'i] adj. cold, biting,
raw (weather).
Snock-snarl, [snok'snaa'l]^^. when
yam or thread is hard twisted, it
will, if not kept tight wound,
suddenly twist into short knots^
which are called anock^mMLrU,
Snod, [snod] adj, smootL See
Slape,
Snowk, [snoawk] eh, a violent
noisy inspiration through the
nose.
Sock, [sok] ah, a plough-share.
Sou, [sos] V, to lap like a dog.
Sove, fsuo'h'v ; occasionally
sao'h'vj ah. salve.
Sowk, [soawk] v. to suck.
Scwk, Sowl, [soawk, soawl] v, to
immerse in water, to soak. [8owl
is anything but synonymous
with aowk in Cleveland. — ^Atldn-
son. See the Pre£EM)e.]
Spang, [spaang] v, to fling with
violence.
Spang-hew, [spaang-iw*] v. to fil-
lip ; the object to be thrown is
placed on the end of a board laid
across a block, and the other end
struck with a heavy mallet. C£
'Fillip me with a three-man
beetle.' — Shakespeare. [Seldom
heard elsewhere except as
[spaan^'wiw] or [spaan^*whiw]»
and with a wider meaning, viz.
to throw or sweep out of the
way, with a violent motion.—
C. C. E.]
Speeaks, [spi-h'ks] ah, pi, spokes.
Speean, [spih'n] v, to wean a
suckling.
Speeat, [spi-h't] ah, a sudden
and heavy fall of rain. [Qu.
the result of the same in the
river. — ^Atkinson.]
Speer, [spi-h'r] v, to inquire.
Speer, [spih'r] v, to shut and
latch a door ; lit. to ajpar.
Spice, [spaays] ah, gingerbread;
18.
Splet, [splet] V, to split.
Sproats, [spruoh''ts] ah, pi, small
twigs or sticks.
C. L]
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
25
Squaby [skwaab] sh, a narrow
wooden-framed couch, used in
place of a sofa.
Stag, [staag] sh, a yearling colt
Stang, [staang] sh, a sudden
pain.
Stang, [staang] sh, the shaft of a
cart.
Starken, [staa-kun] v, to congeal,
stiffen. [Elsewhere, in the N.
Biding, storken (staoh'kun) is
common : but the Swaledale
sound is different. — 0. C. B.]
Stee, [stee*] sh. a ladder.
Steead, [sti'h'd] sh, a site ; e. g.
hometteadf houaesteadf gatestead,
Steean, [sti'h'n] sh, stone.
Steel, [sta*yl] sh. a stile.
Steg, [steg] sh. a gander.
Stevin, [stevin] sh. the violent
delivery of a sentence, ranting.
[Also a V. in Swaledale, with the
sense of to rant. Elsewhere
stevon [stevu'n], — 0. C. E.]
Stirk, [stur'k] sh. a yearling bull
or heifer.
Stithy, [stidh'i] sh, a blacksmith's
eamL
Stoit, [staoyt] sh. a clumsy over-
grown woman.
Stot, [stot] sh. an ox or steer.
Stottering, [stot'-uring] sh. a
stumbling gait.
Stonp, [stoawp, stoop] sh, a post.
ISUmp and Stour have also a com-
mon refined sound rstuoh**p,
Btuoh'*r]. The sounds ^ven
above are the broad dialect
sounds. — 0. C. R.]
Stour, [stoawr, stoor] sh, dust
Stowps, [stoawps] sh. pi. deep
foo^rints of cattle in soft land.
Straokling, [st'raak'lin] sh. a
graceless fellow.
Streak, [st'ri-h'k] v. to lay a
newly-dead body straight; lit
to stretch.
Streaked, [st'ri'h'kt] pp, stretch-
ed, at full stretch. See Lang-
streaked.
Streean, [st'ri'h'n] sh. a sprain.
Streean, [st'ri'h'n] v. to strain.
Strickle, [st'rik'l] sh. a wooden
implement used to sharpen
scjrthee.
Strippings, [st'rip'inz] sh. pi, the
last drops of milk drawn from a
cow.
Stub, [stuob] sh. an old horse-
shoe nail.
Stub, [stuob] V. to grub up trees
by the roots.
Stubbing-hack, [stuob-in-aak-] sh.
a mattock for taking up trees.
Stubs, [stuobz] sh. pi. remains of
hay left uneaten by cows in their
stalls.
Stule, [stiwl] sh. a stooL
Styth, [sta'ydh] sh. a stench, a
suffocating vapour.
Sud, [suod] aux, v. should 3 60.
Summot, [suom*ut] sh. something,
somewhat
Sump, [suo'mp] sh. a sink, a bog.
Swad, [swaad] sh. a pod of bean
or pea.
Swamous, Swamish, [^swaamms,
swaam'ish] adj. baeiiiul.
Swang, [swaang] sh. a marshy
hollow. Ex, * A seavy swang 'U
nayther bog a horse ner man.*
Swap, [swaap] v, to exchange or
barter. See Kowp,
Swar, [swaa*r] pt. t, swore.
Swarble, [swaa-bl] v. to climb
or swarm up a tree or maypole.
Swat, [swaat] t;. to squat or sit
down; 7.
Swath, fswaath^ swaadh] sh. the
skin of bacon.
26
SWALEDALE, TOBKSHIRE.
[C. 1.
Sweeal, [swih'l] v. a candle is
said to sweal when wasting
rapidly firom a bad wick or in a
current of air.
Swelter, [swelt'nr] v, to melt
with heat ; also ab. a violent per-
spiration.
Swidden, [swid'-un] v. to singe.
Swill, [swil] sb. a basket. See
Swingle-tree, [swinglt'ree] sh.
the bars to which plough-traces
are yoked.
Swirt, [swur't] v. to squirt.
Sye, [saay] v. to stretch.
Syed, [saayd]/>p. stretched.
Syne, [sa'yn] adv, since, ago. See
Sen 8yne,
T\ [t] a shortened form of the ;
hence faeeam, the same ; 4.
Taistrel, [teh'st'ril] sb, a rascal.
Tak, [taak] v, to take.
Tale-pyot, [te*hl-paayut] sh. a
tale-bearer.
Tarn, [taa'n] sb, a small lake.
Taylior, [te-h'lyur] sb, a tailor.
Te, [tu] for thee ; but used for
ihou; *whar's te been?* where
hast thou been ? 5.
Teea, [ti-h*] sb, toe.
Teead, [ti-h'd] sb. a toad.
Teeave, [ti*hV] v. to wade in
snow.
Teeny, [teen*i] adj, tiny.
Telled, [teld] pt. t, told ; 43.
Temse, [terns] sb, a flour sieve.
Tenk, [tiwk] took ; pt, t, of take.
Tew, [tiw] V. to disturb, dis-
arrange.
Thack, [thaak] sb, thatch.
Thann, [ihaa'm] sb, catgut.
Theek, [theek] v, to thatch.
[The commoner proniinciatiQns
of theek and theeker are [thi'h'k,
thih'kur].— C .0. E.]
Theeker, [theeknir] sb, a thatcher.
Ther, [dhur] pron. these, their.
Thible, Thivel, [thib-l, tbivl]
a stick to stir hasty pudding;
32.
Thick-heead, [thik-ih'd] d>. a
blockhead.
Thrang, [thraang] sb, a throng.
Thraw, [thrao-] v, to throw.
Thraw owr, [thrao* aowh'r] v.
to throw over, overturn. See
Whemmle,
Threave, fthri-h'v] sb. twelve
bundles of straw.
Threed, [three-d] sb. thread.
Threep, [Ihreep] t?. to argue per-
tinaciously. [More commonly
[thrih'p, thritf p].— 0. C. R]
Thresh, [thresh] v, to thiash.
Thropple, fthrop-l] sb, the wind-
pipe, trachea.
Thwaite, [thwe*h't] sb. See
Holm, [Seldom used but with
the def. art., and then the th is
modified. At all times it has a
semi-dental sound, and [t'weh't]
is not uncommon. — C. U. R.]
Tift, [tift] sb, pettishness,
Tift, [tift] sb. condition, order.
Ex. * In good tift,* in good fet-
tle. See FeUle,
Trail, [Vre-h'l] v, to drag.
Traily, [t*re-h*li] (xdj. slatternly.
See Trapesy,
Trapes, [t're-h'ps] sb, a slattern,
a draggletail, trollop.
Trapesy, [t*reh*psi] adj, slattern-
ly, sluttish.
Treead, [t'ri-h'd] trod ; jTret, of
to tread.
Trod, [t'rod] sb. a foot-path.
Trones, [t'ruoh^'nz] sb, a steel-
yard.
C. 1.]
SWALEDALE, TORKSHIRB.
27
Tmte, [t'riwt] sh. a trout.
Tufe, Tengh, [tiwf, tiw] adj,
tough.
Tnle, [tiwl] sb. a tool.
Tnpe, [tiwp] ah. a tup, a ram.
Tnth, [tiwth] sh. tooth.
Tnth-wark, [tiwth*waa*k] sh,
tooth-ache.
Tuv, [tuov]^ep. to; 15.
Twill, [twil] sh, a quill.
Twilt, [twiltj sh, a quilt.
T^yan, [ti . . yun] the one, one of
them.
TTnooth, [uo'nkoth', uo'nkuoth*]
tidj, strange, not acquainted with.
See Fremd, [In Garadale I
have heard [uo*nkwuoth*] ; this
is more common in the north-
west.— C. 0. E.]
TTnBided. [uon'saayd'id] adj. dis-
ordered. See Sided and Scrow.
TTp-aboon, [uo*p uboo*n] adv. up
above.
TTp-hand, [uop-ao*h*d] v. to up-
nold.
Up 0* heet, [uo*p u-ee*t] adj. on
high ; lit. up on height.
TTrclim, [uoh''chin] sh, a hedge-
hog.
ITven, [uovn, yuovn] sh. an
oven.
Vannin, [vaamin] sh. vermin.
Yarra, [vaar'-u] adv. very; 16.
Wabble, [waab-1] v, to bend and
shake ; said of the motion of a
wiUow or piece of whalebone.
Wacken, Weeaken, [waakn,
wi'h'kn] V, to awake.
Wad, [waad] aux, v. would ; 30.
Wad, [waad] sh. plumbago.
Waffles, [waaflz] sh. a trifling
undecided man or woman.
Waffling, [waaf-lin] adj. unde-
termined, nesitating.
Waft, [waaft] sh. an apparition.
Seei^A.
Waggle, [waag'l] v. to shake.
Wake, [we*h'k] adj. weak.
Wake, [we-h'k] sh. See Lake-
wake.
Walsh, [waalsh] adj. vapid, in-
sipid.
Wankle, [waank'l] adj. unsteady,
unstable, uncertain, unsafe, not
firm, tottering, ticklish; not to
be depended on. See Cranky.
Wannle, [waan'l] adj. slender,
supple.
War, [waanr] pret. of to wear.
War, [waaT] v. to spend; 'I
war* a* I spent ; 64.
Wark, [waak] sh. work ; 1.
Wark, [waa-k] v. to ache.
Warse, [waa-s] adj. worse.
Wath, [waath] sh. a ford.
Watter, [waat'-ur] sh. water.
Watter-poddiflh, [waat'-ur pod*-
ish] sh, gruel; lit. water-pot-
tage.
Wawk, [wao'h'k] quasi felt.
[This must mean that Wawh is
used sometimes as a sh. with the
sense of 'fulled doth.' It is
more common as a verd, mean-
ing * to fuU doth.']
Wawkmill, [wao-h'k-mil] sh. a
fulling mill.
Wawl, [wao'h'l] v. to whine, to
mew.
Wax, [waaks] v. to grow.
Weea, [wi-h*a] adj. sorry. [Old
Eng. wo^ adj. woful.] '
Weeny, [wee-ni] adj. very little.
See Teeny.
Wesh, [waesh] v. to wash.
Whale, [whe-h'l] v. to beat. See
Lam, Lounder,
28
SWALEDALE, YORKSHIRE.
[C. 1.
Wharrel, [waar'il] sh, a quarry.
Whay-say, [we'h'se'h'] sh, a pre-
tence, a fancy, a whim.
Whean, [wi*h*nj sh. a quean
{8coUice)f a dirty woman, a
shrew.
Wbeem, [wee'm] adj, smooth, de-
mure, still, slyly quiet, mock-
modest. Ex, * t* wheem sew yets
t' draff,' the still sow eats the
pig's- wash.
Whemmle, [wem-ul] v, to over-
turn, overwhelm.
Wheng, [weng] sh, a leather
shoe-strmg, a thong.
Wbent, [went] adj\ quaint,
queer, extraordinary.
Whidder, Pwid'-ur] v, to shud-
der. See Dodder, [An old man's
head doddere, when he is half
palsied; a wall a^nst which
some very heavy oWect has been
hurled wniddera, — «f. C. A.]
Whilk, [whilk] pron, which.
Whinge, [winj] v, to whine,
complain, mourn.
Whinny, [win*i] t?. to neigh.
Whins, [winz] sh. furze.
Whisht, [wisht] inierj, be silent!
Whisht, [wisht] adj, hushed,
silent.
Whitlow, [wit'loaw] sh. an ab-
scess at the root of a nail.
Wick, [wik] adj. quick, alive.
[Also IVhick, After u;, the h is
verv often indeed aspirated,
with an emission of breath al-
most amounting to a whistle;
but dialect-speakers are met
with who never produce this
sound. As an initial letter, the
aspirate [h] is never heard im-
less by accident. — C. 0. E.]
Wizened, fwiznd] adj. shrivel-
led, witnered, i>arched. See
Kizzened,
Wrowt, [wroawt] pt. t, worked;
64.
Wnrile, [wuos'l] v, to wrestle.
Tabble, [yaab-1] adJ, able.
Yah, Tan,
Yak, [yaak
yaa*, yaan] ord, one.
sh. an oak.
Yal, [yaal] sh. ale.
Yalhonse, [yaal'oo's] sh, an ale*
house.
Yance, [yaans] adv. once.
Yap, [yaap] sh. an ape.
Yark, [y:aak] v. to jerk, to
wrench.
Yass, [yaas] sh. an ace.
Yat, [yaat] sh. a gate.
Yat-stonp, [yaat* stoawp or stoop]
sh. a gate-post.
Yand, [yao-h'd] sh. a horse ; lit.
a jade.
Yerd, [yur'd] sh. a cave, a fox's
earth or den.
Yet, [yet] t?. to eat.
Yetlin, [yet-lin] sh. a small pan,
or lar^ saucepan for boiling
vegetables. See SkdUt,
YoUer, [yaolnir] v. to bellow.
Yowden, [yoawdn] v. to enlarge,
expand; applied to a fissure in
a rock or the earth.
Yowl, [yoawl] v. to howl.
Ynle-candle, [yiwl* kaanl] sh. a
candle burnt on Christmas eve.
Ynle-candle, [yiwl* kaoh'dl] sh.
Christinas cake.
Ynle-clog, [yiwl- klog] sh. a log
of wood burnt on Christmas eve,
Ynre, [yiwi] sh, an udder.
SERIES C.
ORIGINAL GLOSSARIES.
II. GLEYELAND WORDS (suppummrrABT).
IIL AN ALPHABET OF KENTIOISM&
lY. SUBRET PBOYINOIALISMS.
y. OXFORDSHIRE WORDa
VI. SOUTH-WARWICKSHIRE WORDa
r
iZ
SERIES C.
ORIGINAL GLOSSARIES,
AND OLOSSAKIES WITH FRESH ADDITIONS.
' r'>-rj
III.
II. CLEVELAND WORDS (SUPPLEMENTARY);
BY THE REV. J. C. ATKINSON.
IIL AN ALPHABET OP KENTICISMS;
BT THE REV. S. PEOQE ; A.D. 1736.
IV. SURREY PROVINCL^ISMS ;
BT O. LEVESON OOWER, ESQ.
V. OXFORDSHIRE WORDS;
BT MRS PARKER.
VL SOUTH- WARWICKSHIRE WORDS;
BT MRS FRANCIS.
BDITBD BT THB
REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A.
■ ■|i.»)>rittfi
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY,
BY TEUBNEE & CO., 67 & 69, LUDGATB HILL.
MDCCCLSXTI.
INTRODUCTION.
The first of the R D. S. series of Original Glossaries was
Captain John Harland's Glossary of Swaledale words, issued in 1873.
A second series is now issued, and I wish to take the opportunity
of explaining the principles upon which our glossaries are constructed
and edited ; as far, that is, as I am responsible for the present form
of them, which, as I am going to explain, is not far after alL
Before the Society waa started, or even thought of, I had well
considered the want that has been often and widely felt, of a com-
plete register of all Provincial Words, considered as throwing light
upon the growth, variety, and constant change of the English
language. It is true that, in Mr Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaio
and Provincial English, we have an excellent beginning towards so
desirable an end ; ^ but it is also obvious that it does not, compre-
hensive as it is, include everything that can worthily claim to be
recorded. I believe it was agreed that provincial words should be
entered in the great Dictionary that was begun by the Philological
Society of London ; but that work, from the laborious nature of it,
has proceeded but slowly, and it does not appear that any definite
time can be fixed upon for its publication. In any case, it seemed to
be worth while, before our dialects shall die out, to make one final
collection, of as comprehensive a character as possible, of all the
material that can be useful for a complete Provincial English Dic-
tionary.
I^ow it was obvious to me, from the very first, that the work
^ This work is by no means sufficiently consulted. I tm frequently tpplied to
explain words, and often notice that words are enquired for in Noti9 and QuerieM,
which are all the while properly recorded there.
ri i3rTBODrcno5.
eoold neTer be done bj a snf^ eoone of pnnftiii^ onee for alL
Two methods of woikiiig exisi in theoij, but onlj one has an j place
in pnctioe. Tbe two metbods are tbeaa
FiB9T Method. To ooDect, from correspandflntB in all pazta of
Fjigland, as much Tnatmal as poesible im mamucript ; to storo op
these matezials in some safe place (as safe as possibley that is, which
is qnite a di£Eerent thing from an almoluteiy sde place) ; to keep these
in hand till nothing more can be obtained ; and when a soffident
mass is thus at last hoarded up, to find a competent editor, if possi-
ble an unpaid one (not always an easy matter, nor a fair aiiange-
ment)y who will, out of the final chaos, constnict a hannonioos whole.
Now in this method, however perfect in theory, there are, in
practice, all the elements of disheartening failure and lamentable
collapse. Correspondents, in these days, do not care to contribute
material unless they see a reasonable chance that their work, or some
of it, can be printed within a few years, or will be placed in the
hands of some editor who has actually a glossary in the press. Such
work at last languishes, and the most likely result would inevitably
be this : that, by the time the whole work was nearly ready for press,
either some of it would be lost, or become unintelligible from the loss
of the writer who alone could read it, or the chaos would surpass the
powers of an editor, or an editor would obstinately refuse to be
found. It was owing to long pondering upon all this, that I at last
struck out a second method, which required indeed to be supported
by the united strength of a printing society, but which would, at
any rate, effect something f and would be far less liable to be affected
by sublunary accidents, such as fire, or the mislaying of manuscript, or
the death of editors. ^Ir Ellis, in his Varieties of English Pronun-
ciation, was urging that an English Dialect Society should be formed,
and Mr Aldis Wright pleaded the same cause in Notes and Queries ;
this idea was just the one thing wanted, and it was not long before
the cordial co-operation of several friends enabled me to announce
that the Society had been started. This has rendered the second
method possible, and I think that a clear statement of it will remove
much scruple on the part of such critics as have not hitherto under^
stood our plans.
INTRODUCTION. VU
Second Method. The whole essence of this, the sole practical
plan, is to print all the glossaricd part of the work tvnce aver. The
relief thus gained is enormous, and indeed complete. In the first
printing, we can issue any list of words, long or shorty which is of
sufficient merit ; and we can do this in any order. It matters not
which county is done first ; we have only to see that all counties are
done at last Again, it does not greatly matter whether all the
material is always of the best quality; many things are worth
recording once (if only for the information of the * coming ' editor of
the great work of the future) which may not be worth reprinting
when the time of revision comes. This enables me to explain in
what sense the Glossaries here printed are * edited ' by me.
What I have chiefly aimed at is a fairly even d^;ree of accuracy.
I have frequently added the ' part of speech ' of a word, or sometimes
made a definition clearer, or applied to the author to explain what-
ever looked misty; but, throughout, my chief aim has been to let
well alone. In particular, I have retained a great number of words
thus contributed which may seem, after all, but of small value.
Kow for this I have three reasons. First, a collector generally has
his reasons for inserting a word ; it must have struck him as being in
some way pectiliar, or he would never have put it down. Secondly,
we often obtain thus quite a new light upon the lacality of some
words and phrases. A word which is common in London may seem
very odd to a word-collector in Lincolnshire, and the careful student
may be equally astonished and pleased at finding it duly recorded.
It has the merit of being curious, like flies in amber. Thirdly (and
this ought to be a complete defence of the course pursued), we are
now collecting wards for the last time, but we are not therefore
printing them for the last time. If the future editor sees fit to take
no notice of some of them, he can do so with the greatest ease.
Surely we are bound to do all we can towards providing even a
superabundant supply of material ; for whilst many words can here-
after be omitted, the time for adding them will have passed away for
ever.
At the same time I may fairly add that some few words have
been struck out, with the kind consent of the authors ; but my con-
Till INTRODUCTION.
tention is that such omissions should be made with a sparing and
gentio hand.
I am responsible for one thing more, viz. the Indices. This is a
laborious, but highly necessary part of the work. Of these Indices
I now print the fifth. The first follows Glossary £. 7, and is an
index to Glossaries B. 1 to B. 7, pp. 99 — 112. The second follows
Glossary B. 13, and is an index to that Glossary only, which is a
peculiar one. The third follows B. 14, and is an index to Glossaries
B. 8 to B. 12, and to B. U. The fourth follows Glossary B. 17,
and is an index to Glossaries B. 15 to B. 17. The fifth is at the
end of this present volume, and is an index to Glossaries C. 1. to C.
6, and I draw attention to the fact that it includes the Swaledale
Glossary, which was called C. 1.
I have been asked why these sets of letters and numbers have
been adopted. The answer b that the letter B marks reprints, and
the letter C original compilations ; whilst the numbers are primarily
meant to assist in the index-making^ and may be disregarded by all
such as care not for them ; though they are convenient, I think, for
the purpose of reference also. The * future editor ' will be very glad
to have them.
My plan is, further, to incorporate (say once in six or in eight
years) all these indices * in two more comprehensive ones, one for
the reprints, and one for the original series ; always continually
lessening the number of indices from time to time ; but enlarging
their contents. In this way we shall finally arrive at the possession
of a very few but very comprehensive indices, and these will form
the nucleus of the future Dictionary, which is thus being gradually
formed as wo proceed. Tliroughout, I have done tlie work in such a
way as to digest the materials for future use; and, if the plan be
hereafter carried out on the same lines, it is obvious that it can be
all accomplished ; and that its accomplishment is only a question of
time, if all the circumstances continue as favourable as they are at
present.
Kow that I have explained what I have called the * second
1 That is, the indices to the shorter glossaries. Such a work as the Whitby
Glossary is a book in itself, and an index to it is not required.
INTRODUCTION. iX
method/ I would ask our members to observo that it is not exclusive
of the ' first method ; ' and, in fact, we are, to some extent, pursuing
that method too. We have collected, and are still collecting, more
than we can print at once ; but there is a great difference between
collecting words which may or may not be printed hereafter, and
collecting words for a Society which is not only in full existence, but
in good working order, with * copy ' almost continually in the printers*
hands.
I have here described only the Glossarial part of the Society's
work. That has been entered upon at an early time because it will
take the longest to do. But it is not the intention of the Committee
^ confine the work to glossaries only; indeed, we have already
issued Mr Sweet's History of English Sounds, !Mr Elworthy's
Dialect of West Somerset, and part of a Book-Hst. But I have
spoken of this portion of the work because I best understand it,
and it is that portion with which I have had most to do. I hope
that the present explanation will be satisfactory to our members, and
that they will be pleased to find that the whole scheme of action was
carefully considered beforehand, and has been carried out from the
very first on a plan which, though simple and unpretentious, is
perfectly safe. Even though untoward circumstances should prevent
its completion, it is a great comfort to feel that the ground has been
secured at every step, and that the advance, however slow, is always
made good.
I hope also that it will now bo seen why, as a general rule, I
have carefully eschewed etymology. We do not want to print it all
twice over, though a few notes by the way may be useful. Besides,
not only can it wait, but it can wait with advantage ; every year our
knowledge of it becomes a little less disgraceful to us.
I beg pardon for speaking so much in the first person ; but it has
been inevitable. I can truly say that I unselfishly desire the pro-
motion of a better knowledge of our language ; and it is a relief to
place my plan upon record, that it may not perish with my life.
I add a few remarks concerning the Five Glossaries here printed.
Glossary C. 2. This list of words used in the Cleveland district,
in the N. E. of Yorkshire, is supi)lementary to ' A Glossary of the
X INTRODUCTION.
Cloveland Dialect : explanatorjTy derivatiYe, and critical. By the
Bey. J. C. Atkinson, incumbent of Danby-in-Cleveland ; domestic
chaplain to the late Yiscount Downe ; author of '* Sketches in
Natural History," ** British Birds* Eggs and Kests," &c &c, lAmdan :
John Russell Smith, Soho Square. 1868.' ^ This excellent glossaiy
is familiar to all students of the northern dialects, and it is with
great pleasure that we are enabled here to record a few additions to it.
Glossaby C. 3. This requires rather a longer introduction.
The contents of it were first communicated by me to the Archseolpgia
Cantiana, voL ix., at a time when the English Dialect Society had
not long been started, and had other work in the press. One object
in submitting it, in the first instance, to the ' men of Kent * was, that
I hoped thereby to obtain several additions to it. I^or was I disap-
pointed ; I received, on the whole, a considerable number of additional
words, all of which I hope to print hereafter. They are not printed
now, for two reasons ; (1) because it is unadvisable to mix the
words thus collected with Pegge's Collection made more than a
century ago ; and (2) because an editor who makes a present of his
work to two Societies is sometimes weary in (what I trust is) well-
doing, and the honest truth is, that I have not yet faced the work of
getting all my Kentish materials into order. To my edition of Pegge's
work for the Archseologia Cantiana, a short preface was prefixed,
which I beg leave to reprint here verbatim.
*The following Glossary, compiled by the Rev. Samuel Pegge
during his residence at Godmersham, was written in 1735-6. It
forms part of a MS. book, which now contains the following tracts,
all in the hand-writing of Dr Pegge himself, and all boimd together ;
viz., (1) An Alphabet of Kenticisms ; (2) Proverbs relating to Kent ;
(3) A first Collection of Derbicisms; (:!«) A second Collection of
Dcrbicisms, preceded by a title-page, which properly belongs to the
Kenticisms ; (5) A third Collection of Derbicisms ; (6) A General
Collection of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases ; and (7) A Collection
of Oaths, as variously vulgarised and corrupted. The present tract
comprises only the first and second sections of this manuscript The
MS. came into the possession of Mr John Gough Nichols, from
1 See B. D. S. Bibliographical Liat ; Series A. p. 119.
introduction; xi
-whom it was purcliased by Sir Frederic Madden, June 6, 1832. At
the sale of Sir F. Madden*s library in August, 1873, it was purchased
for the English Dialect Society hy myself. I have since transcribed
the two sections of the MS. here printed, and re-arranged them so
as to prepare them suitably for the press. In doing this, my chief
endeavour has been to adhere as faithfully as possible to the auto-
graph original, preserving nearly all Dr Pegge's peculiarities of
spelling and diction. This method of careful reproduction, in all
cases advisable, is especially so in the present instance, as the author
evidently took much pains with his work, and was fairly qualified
for the task. The only alterations made have been the following.
First, the words have been thrown into a perfect alphabetical order,
as they are not altogether so in the MS. Secondly, when words
have been entered more than once, with slightly differing explana-
tions, these explanations have been collated, and the general result
given. Thirdly, when a large number of references to works illustrat-
ing such or such a word have been given^ I have omitted a few of
the references, as being hardly required or not easily traced. And
lastly, I have occasionally omitted some of Dr Pegge's etymologies,
but only where they were palpably wrong. These alterations and
omissions are, on the whole, but very few. I have also added some
remarks of my own, which are inserted between square brackets.
* In editing the Proverbs, which were not arranged in any parti-
cular order, I have r&-arranged them. In a few cases, I have slightly
abridged the explanations^ where they seemed to be of unnecessary
length. Here, also, I have added some remarks of my own, marked,
as before, by being inserted between square brackets.
' Sir F. Madden has noted that the Eev. Samuel Pegge was bom
at Chesterfield, co. Derby, Nov. 5, 1704; admitted fellow of St
John's College, Cambridge, 1729; Vicar of Godmersham, Kent,
1731 ; Rector of Whittington, Derbyshire, 1751 ; Rector of Brindle,
Lancashire, 1751 ; made F.S.A. in 1751 and LL.D. in 1791 ; died
Feb. 14, 1796. He was the author of several works, for a Ust of
which see Bohn's ''Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual." Amongst
his unprinted works, there are three in the Gough collection, in the
Bodleian library ; see Gough's Catalogue, p. 188, which mentions—
Xll INTRODUCTION.
" 6. Collections for a History of Wye ; folio MS. 7. Statutes of the
College at Wye ; folio MS. 8. An Alphabetical Catalogue of Kentish
Authors and Worthies; folio MS." He refers, in the work here
printed, to the two former of these.
^Ho married Ann, only daughter of Benjamin Clarke, Esq., of
Stanley, near Wakefield, co. York, who died in July, 1746. His
son, Samuel Pegge, Esq., bom in 1731, was a barrister, a groom of
the privy chamber, and F.S.A. He married Martha, daughter of the
Rev. H. Bourne, who died Juno 28, 1767; the date of his own death
being May 22, 1800. This Samuel Pegge the younger was also an
author, and is best known, perhaps, for his " Anecdotes of the Eng-
lish Language,** and his " Supplement to Grose's Glossary." He had
a son, who was afterwards Sir Christopher Pegge.
* It may be added that Dr Brett, to whom Dr Pegge's Introductoiy
Letter is addressed, was bom in 1667, and died March 5, 1743. He
was the author of a Dissertation on the Ancient Versions of the
Bible, the second edition of which appeared after Ins death, in 1760 ;
and of other works, for which see Bohn's " Lowndes' Bibliographer's
Manual."
* I now call the reader's attention to Dr Pegge's own MS. After
some of the words, their pronunciation has been inserted between
square brackets. This is done by using the invariable symbols of
the system known as "Glossic," explained at p. 9 of a tract on
** Varieties of English Pronunciation," or in the Notice prefixed to
Part III. of a treatise " On Early English Pronunciation," by A. J.
Ellis, Esq., F.H.S., F.S.A., etc. The symbols occur in the following
key -words, in which they are denoted by italic letters. Vowels and
diphthongs : — Beet, ba/t, baa; caul, coal, cool; kmt, net, gnat, not,
nut, fuot (wliere uo denotes the short oo, as heard in foot) ; hetght,
foil, iou\, feud. The consonants y, w, wh (sh'ghtly aspirated), h, p^ b,
t, d, ch (as in chest), j, k, g (hard, as in gape),f, r, s, z, sit, r, Z, w, »,
ng (as in siiuj), all have the usual values. The sound of th in thin is
written th ; that of th in tlien is -written dh ; zh represents the pecu-
liar sound heard in division [divizh'en]. When r is to be trilled, it
is written r', with an apostrophe following it. The mark • signifies
the accent, as in before [bifoa'r].
INTRODUCTION. XUI
* These few words of explanation will enable the reader to trace
the pronunciation intended in almost every case ; for further informa-
tion, ]Mr Ellis's work should be consulted. It must be borne in mind
that the symbols never vary. Thus ei denotes the usual sound of
long if and never means anything else.
* I shall be glad to receive from " men of Kent " any notes upon
the words contained in this Glossary, or notices of Kenticisms not
mentioned therein. — W. W. S.'
I wish to add that two of my remarks in the above Preface were
conmiented upon in a review in Tlie AthencBum. The first, where I
say that 'I have omitted a few of the references, as being hardly
required or not easily traced ; ' and the second, that * I have occa-
sionally omitted some of Dr Pegge*s etymologies, but only where they
are palpably wrong.' It was suggested that I ought rather to have
given everything, and have retouched nothing. In reply, I wish to
say that I yield to no one in cherishing the most conservative princi-
ples as to the editing of books, as my editions for the Esurly English
Text Society testify ; but every principle must be modified sometimes
by common sense ; and it is not common sense to print and preserve
remarks which the author himself sometimes retracts,^ or which can
have no possible result except to mislead and mystify. I repeat that
* these alterations and omissions are, on the whole, but very few ; '
and, what is more to the point, the MS. belongs to the Elnglish
Dialect Society, and any one who dislikes my edition may (if ho has
the Society's permission) borrow the book for himself, and test the
work ; and I wish him joy of the reading of it. It is beautifully
written, but nevertheless the lines are so close as to try the eyesight,
and the queemess of the arrangement is such that it sometimes takes
a long while to find the end of a sentence which happens to break off
in the middle.
Glossaries C. 4, 5, and 6. In the short notices prefixed to
these I have said, I think, all that is necessary.
But I must not conclude without offering the thanks of the Society
^ In some places, Dr Peggo has entered remarki merely as notes, and has stated
below that they are wrong.
X17 INTRODUCTION.
and mj own to the real authora of the present volume ; to Mr Atkin-
son, Mr Leveson-Grower, Mrs Parker, and Mrs Francis. It is but
little that I haye done in the way of ' editing,' thanks to their care ;
and, thanks to their good-will, eyen the doing of that little has been
an easy and pleasant task. The most difficult part of the work was
the Surrey Glossary, owing to the numerous additions which, for-
tunately for the result, the author was able to make during the
progress of the work. It was, in fact, nearly reprinted twice over ;
and perhaps the experience suggests that all such additions, if
numerous, should stand over, and be issued at a later period separ-
ately. Howerw, the difficulty fell chiefly upon the printers, Messrs
Childs and Son, and it would hardly be fair not to mention, with
much gratitude, the great practical service rendered us by their care
and attention.
Cambridge^ Oct, 1876.
^
€€
ADDITIONS TO
A GLOSSARY OF THE CLEVELAND DDlLECT/'
BY
The EEV. J. 0. ATKINSON.
[The following are additions to *A Glossary of the Cleveland
Dialect, explanatory, derivative, and critical; by the Rev. J. C.
Atkinson, Incumbent of Danby-in-Cleveland ; London, J. R. Smith,
1868.* They have been kindly communicated by the author to the
English Dialect Society.]
Abreead, [ubri'h*d] adj. and adv. lying about the field in separate
sheaves, not as yet stooked; of <K)m cut and bound into sheaves. Ex.
* When Ah passed i' t* moom, 'twur liggin' ahreead; but *twur led
afoore neeght'
All-ahuhy [aoh*'l-u:iw] adv. all on one side, awry, askew.
AlUpnn, adj. of all sorts, various and intermingled.
Bainsome, adj. handily and willingly helpful or serviceable, deft
and obliging : applied to persons, as a waiting-maid, a personal at-
tendant. IceL Beinaamr, officiosus; Haldorsen. Ex. 'As baimome
a lass as iwer Ah seen.'
Batts, sb. low flat land adjoining the river bank. Ex. ' The Battit
are low shore-lands, just after leaving Whitby Station by train, which
are overflowed by the Esk at high tides.' (Letter from E. K. Bobin-
son.)
Begone, adj. ashamed, put to confusion. Usually applied with an
adverb prefixed, as ' sair hegonef* * sadly begone,* Cf. ' woe-begone,'
•wel-begon,' &c.
Blind-nerry-mopsey, (^ as in tin) sb. a name for ' Blind-man's hnK*
Blood, v.n. to bleed. Ex. * She blooded nigh-hand a' t' weea hame ; '■
of a mare which had been injured. The verb is also used in an active
sense, meaning to take blood, as the surgeon or feurier does, from his
patient.
Braky [braak-] pi. t. of to break [breek].
Break* Break np, [bri-h'k, bri-h'k nop*] t;. n. to be sick, to vomit
1
2 CLEVELANT), TORKSimiE. [C. 8.
Burrow, Bnrrongh, ah. a camp, a fortification : preserved in many
local names. Ex. * High Burrows,' 'LowButtowb,' * Buitowb Gbeen,'
all in Egton. Cf. Prompt. Panr. ' Burwlie, Bnirowe.'
Bntts, sh, a piece of land usually small and of irregular sliape. This
word is of frequent occurrence in local names and the names of fields ;
it occurs repeatedly also in mediieyal writings in the same application :
e. e. Thomcrosse ButUy in the Whitby Chartulary, Cherry-tiee BuUt
in Bingley (Mon. Ebor.). In Liyerton, according to a map or plan of
the pansh of about 1730 now before me, one small enclosure is called
'Butts,' and the adjoining one 'Long-lands Butts' which latter is
separated from the field called ' Long-lands ' by a road. This seyer-
ance of a short end (by whatever means) leads, I think, to the use or
application of the word, as in the term * hutt-end,'
Church-grim, [chaoch-grim] (corrupted from kirk-erim) sb. the
Bar-guest. Ex. * What is the Church-grim, who has been known to
toll the death-bell at midnight? He is a fixed inhabitant of the
Church both by day and night, but only ''marauds about" in dark
stormy weather.' (Letter from F. K. Bobinson.) Danish DiaL Kirk^
grim; Swed. Dial. Kirke-grime, Kyrkju-grim,
Clow, sb. a flood-gate or sluice-shutter. C£ Prompt. Panr. ' Clowys^
water schedynge.' *A clowe of flode^ate, singlocitorium, gurgustium;
Cath. Ang.' "Note, lb. ' The term dotvys appears to be tsiken from ^e
Fr. Muse: lb.
Cod-gloves, sb. gloves without partitions for the several fingers.
Come of. To, v. n. to recover from, get over.
Con thanks. To, to express or render tlianks. Corrupted in the Whitby
district into * I count you no thanks,' &c.
Cmttle, sb, a crumb.
Cnckoo-meat, sb. the wood-sorrel {Ozalis acetosella).
Sead-headed, [d:ih'd-hih'*did] adj. of an animal standing with the
head depressed, and without life or energy, as when out of health.
See Sackless,
Sod, V. a. to clip away the dirty or clotted wool from the tail and
thighs of sheep and lambs ; also from the breasts of lambs.
Draw, sb. a single act of digging with a spade, implying (1) the
depth reached in the act ; (2) the portion of soil removed.
Srean, [d'ri'h'n] v. n. to drawl in speaking.
Dnnt, [duont] u. a. to make blunt, to dull the edge of a knife or tooL
SiLnted, adj. blunt, dull-edged.
Brand, [i*h'ru*nd] sb. pronunciation of errand.
Fang, v.a. to catch, seize, snatch hold of. Ex. 'Weel, thoo's
fangin* awa', onnyweas ; * to a hungry boy, who was taking and
eatmg his food quickly and eagerly.
Peek, [fi-h'k] V. a. to fetch.
C. 2.] CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE. 8
Feel, v. a, to become sensible of, to perceive ; spoken of scents. Ex.
*lfeli the smell 's siine 's I gat within t' deear.'
Piney adj. tractable, docile, well-behaved ; of children, and young
people generally.
Pix-&z, sb. the gristle or tendon in the neck of an animal.
Poying, sb. pleasure-taking or making. Cf. Old Eng. and Kentish
Foy^ a treat given at going abroad or coming home ; Lewis's History
of Tenet. The Dutch /oot is a perquisite, vail, &c. Ex. ' Mah man's
gi'en oop t' fishing, noo, miss. He nobbut gans a-foying wi' 's cdble ; '
of a fisherman at or near Saltbum who spent his time during ' the
season ' in taking out pleasure-parties in his boat
Priddiok, ah, a kind of cake made by pouring a spoonful of oatmeal
batter into a pan and frying it, on both sides, in lard or dripping.
Oantree, eh, flags of stone forming the covering or bearing portion
of a culvert, or practical bridge over a ditch or stell.
Greean, [gri-h'n] (pron. of Grooriy Grune, Groin) sb. an animal's
snout or nose. Ex. ' Pig-greean,' a pig's snout.' (f^. K. Bobinson.)
Grim, [grim] sb. a death's head, as sculptured or represented. Cfl
O.N. grima, a mask, helmet ; A.S. egesgrtme, a ghost, bugbear.
Golly, sb. a large bread-knife. ' No household outfit complete with-
out a gully 50 years ago.' (Letter from Capt. Turton, Larpool.)
Haaver, [hauvnir] sb. the long, strong lines used in the deep-sea
fishing, and to which the snoods, each terminating in a hook, are
appended. See Snood.
Hard, adj\ hardy, able to endure, not likely to suffer from hardship,
not given to complain. Ex. ' He's bodden a vast ; he wur a desput hard
man iv 's yowth. ' Thae's ?Mrd lahtle chaps ; they heed it na mair an
nowght ; ' of some young bo^ who had had several teeth out without
a cry or a wry ieuie. C£ ' >eir hafua adr ord vid pa. Jomsvikinga ok
mlea vita hvort ]>eir era mykla hardare en adrir menu, sem fra ]>eim
var sagt.' (Flateyiarbok i 197.)
Harden ont, v. n, to take up, become fair ; of the weather, when it
is raining. Ex. ' It's to be hoped 't will harden out ; ' said when a
rainy fit in harvest-time appeared to be likely to give way to fais
weather.
Hay, sb. a land-mark in a township-field. This is the only existing
local use of the word I am acquainted with. Li its Latin form, Haia,
it is of perpetual use in Mediseval documents, commencing with the
Guisborou^ endowment charter (1119), wherein two separate Haias
are named. In the local nomenclature many reminiscences of the
word survive.
Hear, t?. n. to sound. Ex. ' It heard well ; ' of a flute, played
together with several violins.
Heartless, adj. devoid of encouragement, discouraging, disheartening.
Ex. ' It's heartless wark, farming where thor's sikan a vast o' rabbits
astor (astir).'
i
4 CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE. [C. 2.
Heck-stead, sh, the site or fixed place — the stead — of the inner door
(of an old-fashioned house), between the entry and the House-place or
kitchen. Ex. * We '11 noo gan thruff (through) t' Heck-stead inti'
t* kitchen'
Him, Hxim, [haor'n] sb, a comer or recess, in a room, bam, &c. ; or
by the wide chimney firesides of old-fashioned houses. Ex, * Hon^ a
recess or shelved cupboard * a recess for the seats (of stone) at the
wide chimney firesides of old-fashioned farm-houses.' (Private Letter
from E. K. B.) Cf. A.S. hyrne, a horn, a comer; ' On strseta hyrtium,'
Matt vi 5.
Cf . ' & lokod after \)9i ladi * for lelU he wendo
)>at sche here had hed in sum hum€ * in l^at ilk time,
to greue him in hire game * as )>ei3h he gyled were ; '
Will, of Paleme, ed. Skeat, p. 31, 1. 687.
Hitchibed, sh, the game of Hopscotch.
Hockery, adj. uneven to walk, ride, or drive upon ; of a rough or
ill-kept road or pavement. Ex. * It*s a des}>ert hockery bit o* road ; *
of the line between Orosmont and Whitby, passing over which in the
train was, owing to its badly-kept condition, accompanied with much
jolting and shaking. The same word as Hottery, for which see
Clevel. Gloss.
Inland, adj, enclosed and under agricultural management ; in
antithesis to common, waste, unenclosed.
Jance abont, v, n, to knock about, expose to circumstances of fa-
tigue, as a wayfarer may bo. Ex. * Thoo's been sair janced about,
Ah's seear ; ' to one who had been compelled to take two or throo
sudden long and harassing journeys.
Hitty-keys, ab, ash-keys, the seed-vessels of the ash tree.
Lire, «&, flesh, muscle, meat -, in the still living ox. The word is
applied in the case of animals which are going on well in the process
ol fatting or feeding, but are not yet fully fat. Ex. * Ay, t'boast *s
gannin* on weel ; there's a vast o' lire iv *t.* A.S. /m/, the flesh,
muscles. Bosworth collates Pl.D. larre, IceL hlyri, Haldorsen quotes
hlyr/eitry prsepinguis, but no simple hJyri.
Lirey, Liry, adj\ fleshy, presenting the appearance of fatting kindly ;
of animals of the ox-kind not yet fully fat, but feeding well.
Lovesome, adj, loveable, engaging, attracting or inspiring aflection.
Cf. * K thee liketh \>at I leeve \>j lufsnm deedes ; * Alexander, ed.
Skeat, L 639, p. 197.
Ley, adj, warm, close. Ex. 'The weather is very Joy and moist.'
Another form of lue, or Uv) ; A.S. hho. Meow, a shade, shelt<>r, back-
ing in the sun while sheltered from the wind. Dan. hj. Old Swed.
and Swed. Dial, /y, O.N. Idy, Swod. W, M.H.German liewcy geh'e,
Cf. * Withdrow \>e knif, l^at was lewe
Of )?e scli children blod.*— Havelok, p. 16, 1. 498.
<pe sunne brithand lewe.' — lb. p. 83, ]. 2921.
C. 2.] CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE. 5
Luin, sb, a chimney.
Maister, sh. an adept, one distinguislied for skill or execution. Ex.
* She's a maister te gan ; * of a mare which travelled well : * a maister
at eatin' ; ' of another noted for good appetite. * Fruh iibt sich, wiis
ein mexster werdon will; * Tell, iii. 1.
Mawk, V. n. (1) to become melancholy or mope, to be depressed ;
(2) to feel a longing or languishing desire, to pine for or crave to do
a thing. Ex. (1) * He mun be put mtiv jacket an' trowsers, he mun :
else he'll mawk;^ of a little boy grown big enough to put off his
baby-hood dress. (2) * Thoo 's mawking te gan te t' show.' The
transition is clearly from the second sense of Mawk (Clevel. Gloss.),
viz. ' a whim or foolish fancy/ to the state or condition of being under
the influence of such.
Miss, sh, an omission, failure, deficiency, or want. Ex. * It 'd be
a bad miss gin ther' wur a want o' wattor.' Cf. *En vinnumenn
kaerdu at t'cir maetti seigi vinna ef )>eir skillde missa matar ; ' Flatey.
L 55.
Mushy, adj, powdery, dusty, consisting of little but refuse-dust, &c.
Ex. * T' coontry coal nobbut mak's a mtishy fire efter a bit ; ' of the
very poor impure coal raised on some of the N. Yorkshire Moors.
Onnykiiis, adj. of any kind or sort. Cf. * Enyhynnes ^iftes.* Piers
PI. B. ii. 200 (p. 29).
Onstand, sh. a proportion of the rent of a farm paid by the out-gone
tenant in consideration of the away-going cropf and depending on it
as to amount.
Owse-bow, sh. the sort of collar used in yoking an ox, which passes
round his neck and through the yoke.
Fill, V, a. to peel, strip the bark off.
Flough-strake, [pli*h'f-stri*h'kj sh. a long narrow slip of iron af-
fixed to the land side of the plough to meet the friction of the im-
turned earth.
Kackle, adj. unruly, unmanageable, headstrong; of persons (as
children) and animals.
Bail, V. n. and a. to tack, to baste (with needle and thread).
Kaisement, sh. the act of raising : as the ' raisement of a house,' or a
beam, or roof.
Bake, sh. range, stray. * A lang raik, a long extent of way ; Sheep-
raiky a sheep-walk.' Wedgwood. * 2V> rake, to gad or ramble idly —
Forby ; to rove or run about wildly as children — Mrs Baker.' lb. Bake
Farm in Glaisdale ; also a farm called ' the Bakes ' at or near Sheaton
Thorpe. The so-called rake or range is understood to be a portion of
free grazing land for cattle. The * Bake Farm ' in Glaisdale ie said to
derive ite name frt)m the circimistance that in elder days cattle had
their run on it.
Bazzle, v. a. to warm at a fire ; applied to a person. Ex. ' Coom an*
C CLEYELAND^ YORKSHIRE. [C. 2.
razde yeneVn a bit.' ThiB word is in ClereL GloflB., out only in the
sense of cooking meat superficially oyer the fire, soorohing or brown-
ing the outside.
Biggil, sh, a tup or ram with only one testicle removed. Ex. ' In
t' garth ther's tweea teeaps, a doo^ teeap an' a rigffilj a dizzen and
yows, &c.'
Bive outy v.n, to part, become thinner and separate ; of a murky
atmosphere. Ex. * Ah aims 't '11 rive out an' be a gay fine day yet; '
of a roggy day, which yet, to the experienced eye of the speaker,
shewed a tendency to clear.
Boad, [ruoh'd] v. a, (1) to carry or convey ; (2) to conduct or
carry on a transaction, piece of work, something that requires to be
done; (3) to treat, deal with. Ex. (1) 'When Ah 've ower mony
coppers at yam, Ah roads it te Kester Cooper's ; ' L e. I cany the lot
to K, 0. (2) ' It maim't be rooaded i' that geeat ; ' it must not be car-
ried on, managed, done, in that way. (3) * Ah's badly rooadedy Ab's
seear ; ' said by a walking postman who nad one of his heels blistered
and a ' tae brusson wi' t' cau'd.'
SackleMy adj. (I) innocent, in the sense half-witted, silly, half help-
less ; (2^ apphed to an animal ; moping, neither feeding nor taking
heed of what is passing. Ex. ' What ails 't P Wheea, 't stanna
mckless an' deead-headed, an' tak's tent o' nowght'
Safe, adj. sure, certain ; as in the idiom ' sure or certain to go, &c.*
Ex. ' Safe te gan ; ' * safe te dee ; ' &c., sure or certain to go, to die,
&c.
Saimed, Samed, adj. in a state of profuse perspiration. lit. turned
to lard; W. sairriy lard. Ex. * Ah 'm ummost aaimed;* from hard
work in the hay-field in a hot day.
Screes, sb. small loose stones or pieces of shale, forming or covering
a steep slope, as in a refuse-heap from a quarry, near old alum- works,
&c. A word preserved in some local names also.
Slack, adj. dull, slow, inactive. Ex. * Slack deed i' t' mark't ; ' no
business doing ; * slack deed on' t' land ; ' no opportunity of getting
work forward ; * Winter's a slack time o' year for out-deear wark.'
Slog, sb. the deposit of dew on the herbage.
Snape, v. a. to check the growth of trees, shrubs, &c., when it is too
luxuriant, by cutting or nipping back.
Snew, pt. t. of to snow.
Snood, sb. the hook-beariug thinner lines, affixed at certain intervals
to the haaver or deep-sea line. See Haaver.
Snope, t7. a. to * top and tail,' of gooseberries.
Snout, sb. the * top ' or remains of the blossom on the gooseberry.
Snuff, V. a. synonymous with Siwpe, but in use in a different district
of Cleveland.
Sonk, V. a. to suck. Of. ' for ))e blissful bames loue * )>at hire brestes
souked;* Wm of Paleme, p. 90, 1. 2702.
Span-new, adj. entirely new, chip-new.
C. 2.] CLEVELAND, YORKSHIRE. 7
Spelk, V. a. to insert ^ spelks ' in a thing. Ex. * "VVe cuts young
willies r t' hedge an' pills 'em to spelk V boeskeps wiv.'
Spindle, v, n, to run up for seed ; of turnips, mangold, and other
plants which throw up stems to blossom and seed — especially when
they do it prematurely.
Squandered, adj. scattered about, dispersed, in disorder. Ex. ^ He's
lefb 's tools a' squandered a' ower t' garth (garden-enclosure).' ' Thae
partridges 's squandered a' ower t' taties (in a field).'
Stacker, v. n. to stagger, be in danger of falling ; of an object as
well as a person.
Stag, sb, a cockerel, or young cock under a«year old.
Steer-tree, sh, part of a plough ; possibly a corruption of * start ' in
' plough-start ; ' or it may be the principal means of guiding the
plough. In either case it is the main or right-hand beam of the
plough, that which is in more immediate or stable union with the body
of the plough.
StexLchil, sh. (pronunciation of Stensil) the upright or side-post of a
door-case. 1 conceive the word to be simply a provincial corruption
of Stand-sill, Gi, Door-sill, Oversail, &c.
Stife, Stify, [steif, steifil ctdj, close, oppressive, suffocating, occa-
sioning difficulty of breathing.
Stift, [steifb] sh, the quality of ' stifiness,' ^ e. closeness. See above.
Stinted, adj, in foal. Occurring continually in the phrase, touching
a mare, ' stinted to ' such and such a stallion.
Cf. ' Was nere lamb in no land * lower of chore,
No hownde to his hous-lorde * so hende to queme,
|>at was leaer to lyke * ^e lude ^at hym anght,
|>an was [>e blonk to [>e beum * [)at nym bi-stini.'
AUsaunder, ed. Skeat,p. 216, L 1*80.
Strake, [st'ri'h'k] sb, a strip, a long, narrow thin slice or plate.
Ex. 'Formerly the tire of a wheel was nailed on in streeaks, but
lately they put it on in a hoop.'
Swaitoh, sb, a slightly concave disk or oval of basket-work upon
which the haavers are laid, when snooded and baited, for convenience
of carriage to the fishing-boats; on which also the wet lines are
carried home from the boats. See JToaver, Snood,
Sway, sb. a wooden lever.
Sweltered, adj, overdone with heat and perspiration.
Tab, sb, the end or foot of an object intended for insertion in an
orifice or hole cut for its reception ; e. g. the lower portion of an iron
scraper with one leg, which is to be let into and fixed by aid of lead or
cement in a stone. Cf. Pl.D. iappe, Qerm. zap/, Du. top, a plug
thrust in to stop a hole ; Wedgwood.
Tazzed, adj, overmatched, defeated, beaten, unable to accomplish
one's end.
Team, sb. a chain to which oxen are yoked in lieu of a pole.
4
8 CLEVELAND^ YOBKSHIBE. [C. 2.
Thae, [dhai] pron, of * Tbo/ dem, pron, those.
Thrinter, adj. hayiDg lived three winters (of sheep). See Ikointer,
Torfy, adj. complaining, pining, wearing away.
Triddlings, sh. the dang of sheep.
Tup, Close, ah. a tup that has been gelded after amving at maturity.
See Riggil,
Twinter, adj. two winters old (of sheep). See Thrinter.
Wandalet, Wandels, ah. I cannot certainly define this word, which
is one of frequent local occurrence as applied to certain fields or por-
tions of land, and also in mediseval documents ; as, e. g. ' All my land
of Midthet, from the balk that is between the vandalts (yandelas) of
my demesne, and the vandcUes of my homagers, &c.' (Translated from
the Endowment charter, circa lloO, by Wm. de Percy, son of Bichard
de Percy of Dunsley, of Mulgrayo Hermitage.) — Since this was writ-
ten, I have found reason to conclude that a * wandale * (vandeluj wan^
dayla in Med. Jj&t.) was a single division, share, or * deal ' of the large
open arable field of any given township. Such fields, at the present
day, are only just extinct (if entirely extinct) in North Yorkshire, and
I remember walking over one near Staithes some twenty years ago,
in which the low banks of division, or * balks,* still stood boldly up.
In a deed of grant and confirmation belonging to about the year 1285,
and dealing with certain lands at Snainton near Scarborough, I find
_ one * wanchiyle ' (imam wandaylam retro molendinum de Weldale),
sundry * siUions ' or * selions * of arable land, and two ' dailes ' of
meadow (daila prati) described and transferred.. The * selion ' I take
to be the ridge lying between two furrows — a * land * in our dialect ;
the * wandayley the portion of land between two * balks,* and possibly
comprising several selions; and the *dail' of meadow, the portion
allotted to any villager in the common meadow of the vilL Cf. F.
silloTit a furrow, with selio; and A.S. wangy a field, ditly a part, with
wandale; Ducange has the odd form wangnaUy a cultivated field.
War, adj. aware. Cf. * & whan J)e duk was war ' J)at he wold come.'
WiU. of Paleme, p. 47, 1. 1238.
Wharrell, ah. a quarry. * TF/iareZZ-close,' the name of an enclosure
near Whitby, formerly the property of Whitby Abbey, with a quarry
in it.
Wreck, ah. sea-weed as thrown up by the tide : hence sea-weed
generally.
Yed, ah. a burrow. Ex. * A mhhit-yed ; * ' a iox-yed,* &c.
AN ALPHABET
OF
KENTICISMS,
Containing 600 Words and Phrases in a great measure peculiar
to the Natitjes and Inhabitants of the County of Kent ;
together with the Derivations of several of them.
TO WHICH 18 ADDED
A COLLECTION
of Proverbs and old Sayings, tchich are either used in, or do
relate to, the same County,
BY SAMUEL PEGGE, A.M.,
Vicar of Oodmersham,
and late Fellow of 8t John's College, Cambridge.
INTRODUCTORY LETTER.
To THE Rey. and Learned Thob. Bbett, LL.D.,
of Spring Orove^ in the County of Kent,
As the dialects of this kingdom yary so extreme] j, those vrho aie
bom in one county, and go to reside in another, are naturally struck
with the difference of idiom. This was the case of Mr John Lewis,^
who was bom in the city of Bristol, but afterwards lived chiefly in
Kent ; as likewise with myself, who was bom and educated at Ches-
terfield in Derbyshire.
Having been bom and educated in a different part of the king-
dom, upon my coming to reside in the coimty of Kent, I became the
more sensible, as may easily be supposed, of some idiotisms and
peculiarities in the language and pronunciation of the inhabitants and
natives thereof, than otherwise I should have been. Some small por-
tion of natural curiosity quickly prompted me to note down such
instances of variation from the common English speech, as from, time
to time might fall in my way, and having gathered together an hand-
full of those Kenticisms, imperfect, and, as I doubt, inaccurate, I
have ventured to send it to you ; intending thereby what you will
call a very odd mixture, a little gratitude and a little self-interest ;
for, as I wou'd willingly have you regard it as a testimony of that
respect and veneration I have for your person and learning, I wou'd
likewise hope, from the closeness of that friendship subsisting be-
twixt us, and your undoubted skill in these matters, to obtain from
you such improvements and corrections as your multifarious reading,
in the perusal, must unavoidably suggest.
1 Rev. John Lewis, born in 1675, died Jan. 16, 1746 ; the author of a * History
and Antiquities of the Isle of Tenet,' t. e. Thanet ; the short glossary in whicb^
reprinted for the £ng. Dialect Society (Beries B. Gloss. 11), ia often cited by
Dr Pegge.
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 11
It must be confesst that a person of a less retired life, and more
conversant in business than I have been, might have amasst together
a much greater number of obsolete particular expressions. For ought
I know, from amongst the mechanics, the seyeral sorts of artists, and
the lower parts of life, the string might have been doubl'd. I haye
gone as far as my model wou'd permit, and you will please to observe,
that I have herein inserted what glossems I found ascribed to the
dialect of the KentiBh men, in Mr Ray's ^ Catalogue of South and
East Country Words,' printed at London, 1674, 12mo; together
with those Mr Lewis has exhibited, in his ' History of the Isle of
Thanet.*
But withal, I wou'd remind you, and indeed it is altogether a
necessary I shou'd, that I have put down several words and phrases
as KerUishf which yet, strictly speaking, are not proper to that
county exclusive of all others, but are common to it, and one, two, or
perhaps more of the neighbouring provinces ; but, being most fre-
quently and even daily used in these parts, and at the same time
having not obtained a general imiversal currency throughout the
realm, I thought they might reasonably claim a place in this collec-
tion. But yet I doubt Mr Hay has sometimes led me to specifye
words of too general acceptation. I have endeavoured to give the
original of most of these words from authors, and sometimes I have
guesst at an etymology myself ; but with what success, is alwajrs
submitted to better judgment. Several I have been obliged to pass
by, without taking any notice of their derivation, out of real ignor-
ance, owing to want of learning or a natural innate dexterity as to
these things ; and others I chose to let slip, because, being either
monstrous corruptions or low cant phrases, it was impossible, or at
least not worth while, to go to the bottom of them.
And whereas some few idioms and observations did not so easily
fall into an alphabet, I take the liberty to subjoyn them here.
1. * I don't dare,' for ' I dare not.'
2. They are apt to accumulate negatives, without any design of
altering the negation into an afi&rmative; as when they say — 'no
more I won't,' * no more I don't.' This form rather denys stronger,
and with something of an emphasis ; note the proverb — * The vale of
12 PEGGE3 ALPELVBET OF KENTICISMS. [C. 3.
HvlniesLilr. XeTer wonne. nor n^.'yr shall : ' — * he grretli ik?rer no
maa winiin;^ - ' DiaLc-gue priniai br Wjnkin, etc Tb a pure
8axonL-!Tn ; hhft Hickes'a TheaaazTL?, Giam. A. Sax^ p. 57.
3. The common Sijit are inrlfnal fi<} pnt ir for r / as Eva/, for
Ttrd ; ^r»p^, t>T ripir ; »fKTy tyr r>^ ; as, * wipers are wi&rT brief *
in such a plaii^e ; ' in one in5tan<!e thcv pat r for ir / as skian for
$ke»jrerit,
A. X'>thing id more fre«|iient than to put a for o ; as maif for mote ;
rcul f'.r rtjd ; an lot on^ ai?, 'put your hat an;'' crap for crop ; Jan
ioT John ; dan't tor dont
5. D they use for ih ; vrid for icith / as, * ITI go tcid you ; ' rode
for rathe ; Hyde for llythe ; widout for without.'
6. CT they put for i* / icnll f>r isr <77, as sign of the future tense ;
diid lot did ; anfl hither I thought best to refer mought for might.
7. O they sometimes pronounce very long ; as cost [koast] for
cost;* fork [foark] ior fork ; and at times they shorten it, as in throt
[throt] for throat, (Jiock [chokj for choke ; loth [loth] for h>2ih.
8. // they seldom joyn with other letters in pronunciation, but
keep it separate and distinct. Me^Jiam is Mep4iam ; Adisham^
Adi&'hara ; so Go^lmt^rs-hamy Hoth-field* Bets-hanger^ Pet-ham, Gres-
liam, Cashalton,^ etc. In all these instances, except Hoth-Jieldy they
arc certainly right, as in a multitude of others ; for ham being one
of the constituents of these compound names, it is preserved hereby
distinct and entire.
9. in 00, in. go [goo] ; and so Caxton writes it in Maittaire,
AnnaL Typogr., voL i., p. 374. / is oo in wood you [wuod eu] for
with yon ; and, contracting, * Fll goo*d you ' [eil goo)ud eu] for * I
will go with you.' It is also a open ; * sowing com * is sawing
[sau'ing]. See aVjve, no. 4.
10. D after / they sometimes drop ; as chile [cheil] for child; hel
[hel] for held,
' /. e. common ; see the Glossary.
> Note also wtf, for withe or icithy.
' A eosi of lamb, t. e. the forc-qaarter ; see the Glossary.
^ llo must mean [hot-feeld], as distinct from [hoth-fceld].
* C^arshalton is in Surrey ; it is commonly pronounced [ku8-haut*an] ; but also
[kais-liaut'un], where the [kais] is quite distinct.
>
C. 8.] pegge's alphabet of kexticisms. 13
11. 'Wliei-e sp occurs, they utter the p before the a, to facilitate
pronunciation ; as waps [wops] for wasp ; * aps [aps 1] for asp ; * haps
[haps]] for hasp. So in the Old Parish-book of Wye, 5 Edw. YI. ;
' for a hapsor to the churche-gette, 2d.' So Mr Eay, p. 80 [E. D. S.,
E. 16, p. 95] — * In Sfisscx, for hasp, clasp, wasp, they pronounce
hapse, elapse, wapse,^ etc. But in Somers.^ a wasp is a wop; Gent,
^faga., xvi., p. 408 ; and I observe that in Kent they speak a very
like o,
12. Words tenninating in st have the addition of a syllable in
their plurals, is being added in lieu of s only. For birds-nests, they
say hirdnestis, etc. I suppose this has been a general way formerly,
for Rkelton, Poet Laureat to Henr, YII., has it ; see him cited
in Aubrey's ' Antiq. of Surrey,* vol. ii., p. 252. The nom. ace.
and voc. pi. of the 1st declension [or rather, 2nd declension, 2nd
class] of the Saxon is a syllable, -as ; and the genitive sing. -es. In
Wiclife's N. T. you have dedis of apostlis, the translation of actus
apostolonim ; and indeed, in our elder English, there are a world of
plurals in -ys or -is, as in the Old Parish-book of Wye, etc. In
Derhyshyre we should say, * he f asses all Lent, though it lasses forty
days ; * which shews how natural it is, to assist the pronunciation by
lengthening words ending in -st a syllable.^ For the same reason in
that country they say hird-nesses ; but beasts in Derb, they caU bease
[bees]. See, in the Glossary, * raddis-chiraney.* * So jays, the birds
so called, they pronounce ^ay-ea [jai'ez]. Cf. steryis, steers ; Will of
Jno. Fermor, alias Godfrey, of Lydd in Kent, 1510: costys, costs;
Plot's Staffordsh., p. 443 : forrestys, forests, p. 444.®
1 3. In some cases they'll put a short quick i, for a long one ; as,
' Dr Pegge writes whaps, tnhasp ; which is very singular.
' /. e. an aspen-tree.
•'' Dr Pegge continually refers to * Somersetshire * words, which he inrariablj
cites from the ' Gentleman's Magazine,' vol. xvi., a.d. 1746, pp. 405-8 ; where
may be found a Glossary to the Exmoor Courtship and Ezmoor Scolding. These
words are really, therefore, Exmoor words.
* This is a mistake ; fastes is from Mid. E. fattys, and does not exhibit an ad-
ditional syllable, but the substitution of as for st,
^ Dr Pegge adds * minnis ' as an example ; but his explanation, that it is the
plural of mean^ is certainly wrong.
• A remarkable eiample vifariet-et iorfairiet. See Farities in the Gloosary.
14 PEGGE S AIFHABCr OF KK!nTCISl[S. [C 3.
' to dric a waggon,* for to drire it ; or for as. as Mp fat Aeep ; or
for Ai, as rip for Ttap?-
14. Eiori; as PeUtreet fox Piitireei, a place in Crandale Vasatih ;
laui left knii ; Peiham for Piikanu And so the kmg / as meeee
[mees] tat mice ; Utee [Lees] for liee,^
15. I Ictt e; as hin lot hem,
16. O is a/ as auu [krss] for cross.' So Somen, daihing for
chOnng; Gent. Maga., xri^ p. 406.
1 7. Zr for r / Mvds [skivlz] for skitert ; u e, skewem
18. 7b as the mga of the infin. they very cnnentlj leave out ; as
* I begin cut wheat to-moirow ; ' and, ' when do you begin plou^ f *
19. * He will he two men,' he will he rery angiy ; t. ei as much
different from himself at other times, as if he was quite another man ;
a very significant fine expression. So ' yon will make ns two ; ' t. «.
yon will make ns differ.^
The Kentish men are said in Caesar^s Commentaries, de Bello
Gallico, lib. t. c x., to exceU all the other inhabitants in civility and
politeness ; for so I nndeistand those words — * ex his omnibns, longe
sunt hmnanissimi qui Cantium incolunt' The cause of this was their
maritime sitoation, their proximity to Gratd, and the constant inter-
coarse held therewith, which by degrees softened their manners,
civilizing their natural ferity, which yet prevailed in the more inland
parts. This reason is hinted by Csesar, who goes on (by way of
assigning the reason) — ' qn^ regio est maritima omnis ; neque multom
a Gallica differunt consuetndine.' The sense of the word ^ humanus *
in the former place, that it relates not so much to the temper as the
> Add wik, for vmk ; JUd for Jleid^ pronouiced [fil].
* Cf. peld for f/ield.
* He mnst mean erott as a sb. ; for the adj. cross is pronoimced [kurtf] ; see Cur»
in the Olossary.
* Dr Pcgpe notes some other things in his Glossarj, which may be enumerated
here, viz. hort for hurt, mont [mnnt] for month ; keteh [kech] for catch ; k^af
[koe'h'f F] for calf; ketp [kew] for caw. Also rudtf, scarcy [rood'i, skairs'i], dissyl-
lables, for rude, acarcc^ Kadi jealousy for jealous. Under the word hair^ he obserres
that the Kentish men sometimes insert an article, as ' a good hair * for ' good hair,'
and * a bread and batter ' for ' bread and butter/ He notes, too, the use of < it
should seem,' instead of * it seems ; ' and the curious use of to as a gerund, as in
' I'm going to it ' for < I am going to do it.'
C. 8.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 15
xnannoTs of the Kentish men, appears from what follows, whore the
author proceeds to inform us, on the other hand, what kind of people,
how rude and rustic, the mediterranean Britons were — ' Interiores
plerique frumenta non serunt, sed lacte et came iduunt, pellibusque
sunt uestiti ; ' from whence I conclude that the Kentish men both sowed
com and were better clad. I should imagine that another part of their
greater politeness in respect of remoter and interior Britons, must
be in their language ; which, though it was the original British, yet
probably had many GrauUsh words intermixed with it,' and was much
softened in pronimciation by conversing with the people of that nation.
Thus the Kentish would have many particularities in their speech
different from the other islanders from the most ancient time, even as
other maritime inhabitants had who were colonies of the Belgae ; y.
Caesar, ibid. Thus they had particidar words in Domesday book, as
Solinum, etc. The code of the Gavelkind Law, which rises as high
as Edward L, speaks of the Kentish language j so Kennet, ' Paroch.
Antiq. ; ' and Caxton, in Ames.^
The pronunciation also is peculiar ; thus ^ tediously,* or ' tediously
indeed ; ' [with a strong accent laid upon the last syllable.]
To make an end. Proverbs and old Saws are so nearly ally'd to
this subject^ that I cou'd not well do otherwise than annex such as
I found were vernacular, or in any other respect might concern this
country. These were first collected by Dr Thos. Puller, in the
' English Worthies,' printed at London, foL 1662, and were afterwards
transcribed into Mr Kay's ' Collection,' printed likewise at London,
in 12mo, 1670. I have here added a few to the list, and withall
have entered a remark or two upon their explications.
' This is guesswork, jet probable. At any rate, the Kentish dialeet of Middle
English abounded with French words, though it was, at the same time, remarkably
tenacious of native grammatical forms. See the ' Ayenbite of Inwyt,' ed. Morris
(Early English Text Society).
' Kentish writers fall into particular expressions ; as Mr John Johnson, Dr
Bobert Plot, Sir G. Wheler, and Rev. John Lewis. — Note hy Dr Pegge.
It may well be added here, that all who wish to investigate the Kentish dialect
should consult Dan Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt, edited by Dr Morris for the Early
English Text Society in 1866, as well as the five old Kentish Sermons which are to
be found in An Old English Miscellany, edited by the same editor for the same So*
dety in 1872.
16 PEGGE S ALPHABET OF KENTICISMS. [C S.
So many great names have employed themselves in Glossograplij,
and some of them in a very confined, local, and what ignorant people
may call low way, that I need not apologize for laying out a few hours
in such an innocent, entertaining, and, what the judicious will allow,
usefull part of knowledge ; were it necessary, I cou'd rehearse a long
list of unexceptionable men, both ancients and modems. But you,
who take your seat with the most learned, must be so thoroughly con-
vinced of the use and advantage of such lexicons as these, that it wou*d
be impertinence to trouble you with them, and even injurious to your
character as a scholar, not to presume upon a favourable reception from
you to an enterprise of this sort.
Sir, your most obedient humble servant,
SAM. PEGGR
Godmersham, Apr. 11, 1735.*
[By the kindness of Mr EUis, I am enabled to add the following
note on the present pronunciation of Kentish words.
Mr Herbert Knatchbull-Hugessen, of Provender near Faversham,
Kent, whose mother was bom at Godmersham, and who is very
familiar with the language and pronunciation of Kentish peasantry at
the present day, made remarks to the following effect to Mr Alexander
J. Ellis on the above pronunciations.
3. This use of w for v ia still common, but there is no converse
use of V for w,^
5. The substitution of d for th is almost confined to the words
the, this, these, that, those, there, their, them ; it is not regularly used
in with,
6. The use of wvU, dud, for ttill, did, is not now known.'
1 This date does not exactly mark the time of the final completion of the Glos-
sary. A few additions were evidently made later, probably on the appearance of the
second edition of Lewis's History of the Isle of Thanet in 1736.
• * I am assured that v for u; is still heard in some parts ; see the next note.
' I think I have heard wull many years ago, near Edcubridge ; and dud is still
known in some parts. A correspondent has kindly sent me the following Kentish
yerses:
< There yas a vale [whale] came down the flood ;
Folsteners [Folkstone men] could n't catch 'un, but Dorerers dud, *
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 17
7. Coast and fork are now [kau'st] and [foork] or [fuo'h'k] ; [throt,
chok] are not known, but poth] is.
9. [Goo] for go remains : [wuod] for with is unknown ,• they say
rather [eil goo wiji],
10. This d after I is very commonly dropped,
11. [Wops, haps] still known ; [aps] unknown.
12. This -2^ plural to words in -st^ has been heard, but not
generally. The Jay is called [joi].
13. [Driv, wik, rip] are not known; [ship] for sheep is; but a
sliepherd is always a looker [luok'er]. Field is [fil] without the d.
14. [Pet] for pity known ; [net] for knit unknown. [Mees, lees]
known, but the xise of [ee] for long i, seems confined to these
words.
15. [Hin] for hen ; known.
16. [Kras] for cross ; known.
17. [Skivlz] unknown.
Footnote to 19. Cow is [kew], the [e] of set followed by [oo], not
[keu]. All the [ou] diphthongs are [ew] in Kentj as they are com-
monly [aew], that is, a little broader, in Norfolk. The [ew] is common
in London. Ko information has been received as to caJf a word very
variously pronounced ; but heifer is [aa*fer].
A specimen of modem Kentish pronunciation and a considerable
number of Kentish words from the dictation of Mr H. Knatchbull-
Hugessen, will be given in Mr A. J. Ellis's Early English Pronunda-
tiony chap, xi § 2, no. 11, Subdialect 34.]
18 peooe's alphabet of kentioisms. [0. S.
A, indef. art See remarks under Hair.
Abithe, pp. as adj. mildewed, of linnen ; and rotted, decayed, of
wood. A.S. ahitan. [But Lewis lias ' Abited, mildewed ; ' whidi looks
more like the correct K>rm. It is difficult to know what pronunciation
Dr Pegge means ; perhaps — ubeidh*]
About, prep, for of; as, * I know nothing about it* [Hardly pro-
Tincial.]
Ach-bone [aich-lxKin 1] the same as ' an Ice-hone, i e. a rump of beef.
Nor/.; ' Kay. [A itch-bone ; HalliwelL]
Addle [ad'l] adj. gone to decay, rotted ; in the Korth, they haye
addle eggs for rotten eggs ; cf. Bay, ed. 1674, p. 82. [A.S. ddl, diseased.]
Adry [udrei*] adj. dry. So at hirst, ahimgred,
Aftermeath, after-mo wth, i. e. that which comes and grows after the
mowing ; *tis erroneously written a/ter-marth in Calmet's Diet. y. Bain*
[Commonly after- math.]
Alamost [aulumoast] adv. almost (The o is marked as long.)
Aleing, [ail'ing] an aleing, L o. where mirth, ale, and musick are
stirring ; 'tis a custom in West Kent, for the lower class of housekeepers,
to brew a small quantity of malt, and to invite their neighbours to it,
who give them something for a gratification ; this they caU an aleing,
and tnoy do it to got a httle money, and the people go to it out of
kindness to them. See Gloss, in x Script v. Ealahus, y. Bingaie,
Ifltitson AUf Old Plays, x. p. 235.
Allworks, a man-servant cmploy*d by a farmer in all sorts of work
he has occasion to set him about. Such an one they call an AlltDorks ;
he is the lowest servant in the house, and is not hired for the plough
or the waggon particularly, as the other servants are, but to be set
about anything.
Along^t, prep. ; * alongst it,' on the long side of it Somner's Gavel-
kind, p. 120.
Am, 3 pers. pi. of vb. to bo. As, * tbey*m gone to bod,' which, they
say, is a contraction of they amy for they are. Soe Them, So the
Italians have sono for sumy and sono for sunt,
Amon ; * hM-Anwrty* bop, stop, and jump. The Ainon or tchole Amon,
they toll me, is hop, two steps, and jump.
Ampeiy, adj. rotten ; of clicosc, and other things, as timber, <fec. ;
sickly, crapy. Sec Mr Bay, p. 57. [E. D. S., B. 16, p. 77.] Fr. en
pourriy or A.S. amprcy as in Lewis. [Certainly not French.]
Anents, prep, contra, .ac^ainst. An act of Parliament made in Scot-
land, 1653, anentis witchcraftes. Anenty over against, concerning; a
word of frequent use among the Scots. [A.S. on~efeny on-efne."]
Anewst, [uneiist-] adv. *nig]i, almost, near hand, about, circifer,
Sii88. and other j)lacos of the West; ah A.S. on neaweste, prope,
juxta, secus, near, niji^h ; a Praop. ow, and neawest, vicinia ; ' Bay. [JErerc
foUowSy afterwards struck oid — It signifies over against iA Kent, and
being over against, is consequently wear.]
0. 8.] peqqe's alphabet of kenticisms. 19
Aps, an asp or aspen tree. In Lhuyd's Archseologia Britannica, p. 7,
he oites as examples of transposition of letters — * EngL cyrpt, onsp ; '
and ' Engl aeps, an asp or aspen-tree.'
Aside^ adv. for beside ; very common at Canterbury.
Astre, hearth. ' Upon which account, in Kefrd^ when the youngest
sometimes enjoys the benefit of Gavelkind, though not of tiie whole
inheritance, they have the privilege of the Astre, or hearth for fire, in
the mansion-house, in their division ; because the youngest, being the
tenderest, have the greatest reason to be kept warm at home ; ' Plot's
Staffordsh. p. 278. [0. Fr. astrey a hearth ; which occurs in the French
charter of Gavelkind, in Lambardo's Peramb. of Kent, edit. 1656, p.
638. In modem French it is spelt dtre."] See Oaat,
Backside, [a yard at the back of a house. Kennett, Glos. to Paioch.
Antiq. s. v. Virgatay says — a yard, a close, a bcuJcaide.'} See Yard,
Baily, [bail'i] so called at Chilham ; the level green place before the
court at Ghilham Castle, L e. between the little court and the street
They have something of this sort at Folkstone, and they call it the
hale [bail]. [So also the Old Bailey in London, and the New Bailey in
Manchester ; c£ 0. Fr. bailky a ba^er. Low Lat. hallium,']
Baily-boy, a boy employed by the fanner to go daily over the ground
and to see that everything is in order, and to do every work necessary.
Spelman, Glos. v. hailivus,
Barvel) a short leathern apron used by washerwomen ; a slabbering-
bib; Lewis. [Mid. E. harmful; where harm is bosom, and /e^ is a
skin.]
Bat, fa stick] of timber ; as, a tymher-baty Old Parish-book of Wye,
34 H. viii. Cf. Brickbat. [Gaelic bat, a staff.]
BaviiLS, pi. * Baven, brush faggots, with the brushwood at length ; or,
in general, brushwood ; ' Bay, p. 59. Baven, a little faggot; Lewis. —
[0. Fr. baffe, a faggot ; Eoquefort]
Be, V. for are. As, * where be you 1 * And otherwise very common.
In older English, it is not infrequent. After * Almighty God, unto
whom all hearts be open,* there follows ' are hid.' See Luke xx. 25.
Bear-bind, a weed, call'd by others bindweed. See Dr Martyn on
VirgQ, EcL ii. 18.
Because why. See WJnj.
Bee-liqnor, mead, made of the washings of the combs.
Before, prep. * Carry it before you,* i. e. with you, being [L e. since]
most tilings are carry'd before. But they say, ' have the horse before
you to the field.*
Beleft, for believed.
Berth, v. to berth or bert a floor, which latter we have in an old
Parish book of Wye, 31 and 35 Henr. viii. ; and flooring-brods {etc) are
called in Kent Berthing-hroda. Birth is put down by Mr Lewis in the
no FEGGE's alphabet of KENTICISlfS. [C. S.
"Hist, of Isle of Thanet, as a local word of that lalaiid, but it is of
greater extent ; a person well seated by the fire-side is said to hsTe
got a good birth ; and at sea, birthing the hammocks is placine them.
* Barth, a warm place or pasture for calres or lambs ; ' aaj. See also
Lewis. [Ct Welsh barth, a floor '"]
Bestid, [be-6tid'1 adj. destitute. [L e. bard hcrstead ; see Bested in
Prompt Parv.J
Bestins. See Biskhis.
Bing-ale, the liqueur which the fermor of a parsonage gives to the
fermours and to the scnrants (at two separate entertainments, servants
first, and masters afterwards) at the end of the year when he has
fathered their tythe. [Bing is the same as bin; see Bynge in Prompt
arv.]
Bisldiifl, Bestins, s. pi. in East Kent, hismilk in West Kent, Beastings
or Bmstins in Derby ah, ; two or three of the first meals' milk after the
cow has calved. They call it por^d milk likewise.
Bismilk. See BUkins,
Bitchering, adj. of a bitch, when she is proud.
Bleach, v. Sickness is said to Ueach a person, to bring him low ; I
suppose because it is apt to make people look pale and white.
Bloodings, s. pL black puddings.
Bly, look. ' He has the ///// of him ; ' i. e. he is like him at first sight,
he has something of his air and look ; but it relates principally to the
face and its fcatun^s. But they say it means a likeness such as one
cannot explain, a general likeness. [A.S. bleOy hue, complexion.3
Boblight, twilight.
Boist, a little extempore bed by a fire-side, for a sick person.
Borsholder, a headhorouj^h, pety constable ; Gent. Magaz. 1776, p.
252. See Gloss, in X Script, v. Goburscipa. Spelm. Gl. p. 80. * That
which in the West Country was at that time (ana yet is) called a tything,
is in Kent called a horwv^ of the Saxon word borh, which significth a
pledge, or a suretie ; and the chief of these pledges, which the Western
men call a tyihingman^ they of Keut name a boraholder, of the Saxon
words borhes enUioVy that is to say, the most ancient or elder of the
rdedges ; * Lambard, Peramb. of Kent, p. 24, edit. 1656. [But borhes
nore moans a boron gh^ not a pledge; * borhes enldory a head-borough, a
Iforeholder ; * Somner, A.S. l)ict. See Hasted's Kent, ii. 284, for a
description of a curious custom of electing a dumb boraholder, * made
of wcK)d, about three feet and half an inch long, with an iron ring
at the top, and four more by the sides,' &c It was used for breaking
open doors of houses supposed to contain stolen property. The dumb
borsholder of Chart is engraved in Arch. Cantiana, vol ii., p. 86.]
Borstal, [not explained ; but doubtless the same as the Suss, hosial,
which means a Tivinding way up a hill ; see Parish's Sussex Glossary.
I incHne to Kemble's guess, that it is derived from the A.S. beorh, a
hill, and $tigel, an ascent. The loss of a ^ between two vowels is
common ; in fact, the very word stigd is now spelt 9tile,'\
^
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 21
Boihy a^j. redundantly used. See Ncme.
Boult, V. to hovlty to swallow ; as, to houltpork, ie. to cut [it] in pieces
the length of one's finger and somewhat thicker, and so to swallow it
without chewing. [Of. Du. hult^ a bunch, a knob.]
Brand-irons, s. pi. the dogs at the fire, quasi the irons that support
the brands. In Somere. [Exmoor] the brand-ires ; Gent Magaz. xvi.
p. 405.
Brandy-cow, brinded. FDr Pegge probably means a brindled or
streaked cow. Cf. IceL Drand-8kjdld4ittr, brindled, brmd-dttr, a brin-
dled ox.]
Brawche, [branch] rakings of straw to kindle fires with; Lewis.
[See Branch in Halliwell.]
Brickbat, a piece of a brick ; common to several counties, but un-
known in the North.
Brief, adj. plentiful, common, frequent; as, 'wipers are weiy brief
here ; * see the Introduction ; p. 12, L 5.
Brimp, the bre' fly (sic) that torments bullocks ; [the gadfly ; 6re'
is for breezey Mid. E. irwc, the gadfly.]
Brit, V. from A.S. bryfan, to knock or rub out. * The com brif^ '
[i.e. the grain drops out] ; — Lewis.
Broach, a spit ; so we say to broach or tap a cask ; Lewis. But this
is general, not only in Kent, but elsewhere. [Not general now in the
sense of epit,']
Brook, v. to brook one's name, ie. to answer, in one's disposition,
to the purport of one's name. In other places, they would say, * like
by name, and like by nature.' [A.S. hrHcan, Germ, brauc?ien, Lat.
/rtior.]
Brooks, s. pi. low, marshy, or moory ground.
Browsellfl, s. pi. the small bits of skin remaining after the' krd is
tried [i.e. boiled down], which the common people eat and are very
fond of.
Bmss, adj. brisk ; cf. Ital. brusco, 'Tis spoken of bees, when they
fly about and appear strong and hearty. [Dr Pegge's definition is
calculated to suggest a false etymology ; our brisk is the Welsh brysg^
G^lic brisg, not at all connected with Ital. brusco^ which became
brusque in French, and may haye produced bruss
Bmt, V. * To Brutte, to browse ; Suss, Dial, ; ' Ray. Sheep are
said to brut young trees or shnibbs, when they eat of {sic) the budds.
[Cf. Fr. brouty a shoot of yoimg wood ; brouter, to nibble off such
shoots.]
Bncking, [a kind of washing, explained in Nares's Glossary, where
we read that — ' this bucking was done by beating the clothes in the
water on a stone, with a pole flattened at the end.'] A buck is a tub,
from A.S. buc, lagena ; see Spelm. GL p. 77.
22 PEGGE's alphabet of KEXTIOISJfS. [C. 3.
Bad. ' A hudf a weaned calf of the first year, Su88.; because the homs
are then in the hud ; ' Ray.
Bng, V. to bend, hug up -, A.S. hugan; Lewis.
Bug, a general name for the beetle kind of flies ; maj-lmg, lady4w^.
But Mr Bay, p. 59, a v. Bishop [E. D. S., B. 16, p. 78] writes it
lady-bird. In Derb. 'tis called cmv-lady, or rather ktdy-ww. Used
as a general name for an insect in Littleton's Lat.-Eng. iHct.
BTillocks, pi. said of bulls, cows, and oxen, viz. the whole tribe, aa
ho$ in Latin.
Bunt, Y. to bnnty i.e. to sift the meal or flour from the bran ; in
Derb, they call it booting [i.e. boulting].
Bush, particularly used of the gooseberry-bush.
Business. Otherwhere mostly in a contemptuous depreciating way, as
* a poor business* But in Kent thoy say * a groat business,* for a Ifurge
undertaking, as a large farm.
Bysack, a kind of wallet, for a man to carry anything from market in.
Er. bezaxx. [The Kentish bysack is easily shewn to be not the same as
the Erench besace. The latter, from the Low Lat. bisaccia, means a
kind of double wallet, the prefix hi heing from the Latin hiSy donble.
But the Kentish word is very different, viz. the A.S. bisac, meaning a
bysack, or small sack or satchel which a man carries by or beside him ;
just as the A.S. bigerdel means that which is carried beside the
g^irdle, ie. a purse. I)r Pegge's suggestion accordingly falls through.]
Gales, [kailz] pL skittles, nine-pins. So they call them at Canter-
bury. [Middle Eng. cailes or kayles, nine-pins ; cf. Germ, kegel, Er.
quille,']
Call, V. to consider ; ' ho is called a good workman,* * he is called an
honest man,' i.e. he is one. 'Tis an Hebraism ; see Whitby ad Matth.
123.
Callow, adj. *to lie callow,^ to lie in a cold exposed manner, with few
cloaths and the curtains tmdrawn. [The original meaning of A.S.
calo IB bald, or without hair.]
Canker- berry, the hip ; hence canker-rose, the rose that grows upon
the brier [^Rosa caniiui].
Cant, Cantle, (1) a comer of anything ; as a cant, a cut of a loaf,
when a comer is cut off ; (2) when a wood is thrown into foUets [por-
tions], or a field of wheat dispos'd into parts to be hired out to the
reapers, they call them cants. Hence I take it comes Cantiuniy tho
word being Celtic as well as Saxon. See Camden, col. 215 ; and for
cantle, Kennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. s. v. Cantrednm. [Kennett
says — In Kent we say a caniell of people or cattle; a cantell of
wood, timber, bread, cheese, &c., for an indefinite number or dimen-
sion.]
Cant, a cast or throw ; as, * I gave him a cavt.* Lewis.
Card, * a card of beef,* a clod. [Halliwell explains * clod ' as * the
coarse part of the nock of an ox.' Kennett (Glosa. to Par. Antiq. a y.
C. 8.] peqqe's alphabet of kentioisms. 23
C<ide) says — ' In Kent, a cade of beef is any parcel or quantity of pieces
under a whole quarter.' This seems to be the same word, in wbicn case
card is probably an inferior spelling for ccutd."]
Carpet-way, ie. ' green way ; ' Ray. Used in most places, and means
a smooth as well as a green way.
Carvet, a shave. So called about Limme. [N.B. a shave is a sTiaw
or thick hedge-row. Limme \a probably Lympne, near Hythe. HaUi-
well gives — Carvett, a thick hedge-row ; Kent'} See Shave,
Cast An emmet-cast, an anthill ; a mole-co^, a mole-hill ; and so,
a worm-coM^.
Changes, s. pL 40 shirts and shifts are 40 changes. So you have
changes of raiment in scripture, for suits. 'Tis Somers. [Exmoor] ;
Gent. Ma&^az. xvL p. 406. The word shift is now appropriated to
women's uiirts, but it was used of men's also formerly ; Massinger, p.
378 ; Decker, p. 128.
Charr'd, pp. or adj. drink is said to be charred, when it is sowred in
the brewing. IChart^d means turned; A.S. cerran, to turn.]
Chart, common rough ground over-run with shrubs ; as Brasted
Chart y Scale Chart ; and indeed, there runs a tract through this County,
which one may call the Chart of Kent ; Westram, Brasted, Whitley
Shrubs, &c. Hence the Kentish expression — charty ground. [£.
c1iert,'\
Chee. See Gre.
Chicken, s. pL ; in other places, chickens.
Chide, y. to scold.
Chizzell ; ' ChizzeU, bran. Suss, Kent ; * Hay. [See chisel^ bran, in
Halliwell. Of. A.S. ceosel, gravel, sand.]
Choaty, adj. chuff; a choafy boy, a broad-faced chopping boy;
Lewis.
Chege, a frolick ; Lewis.
Chock, y. to choak ; which Mr Kay ascribes to Sussex,
Chnck. ' A chuck, a great chip, Suss, ; in other counties they call
it a chunk ; ' Bay. We mean more than a c^tp, viz. a short thick
clubbed piece of wood, for burning. Hence a chwk^headed fellow, or
a chuckle-headed fellow.
Chuff, See Choaty, And see Chuff in Parish's Suss. Gloss.
Chunk. See Chuck,
Clamp, [a heap of bricks ready for burning] ; ' for burning a clamp
of 16000 bricks, they use about 7 tunns of coal ; ' Plot's Staffordsh. p.
128.
Cleanse, y. * to cleanse beer,' to tun it or put it up into the barrel.
Cledgy, [kledji] adj. stiff, Kent ; Ray, and Lewis. In Derbysh. doggy
(the^s hard) is used of anything thick and glutinous. [Kennett, in
his Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. s. y. Claudere, has — ' A dodge, a lump of
21 fegge's alphabet of KExncisiis. [C. 9.
cbLj or dirt ; dod^ and dedgy^ stiff and diity - KtmV CL A.S. diBg,
day ; ded^ u for dayty^ and dodgy iat doggg^
derel, a grain of com.
derer, adj. ' neat, smootliy finely wrongbt, dextrous ; ' Kay; dextrous,
Lewis. But it ia naed in all parts of England. pNTot in thieae aenaes ;
devtr in Nor/, means handsrwne, healthy, tall, aaroit.]
elite, Clayt^ a day mire ; Lewis.
Clofe, the yard of a farm-house, because it is endosed or fenced in.
' ClotCf or precinct of the Monastery ; ' Somner^s Antiq. p. 31. So in
writs of datuum /regit, insomuch uiat being a general word for any
inclosnre (as we oill a fidd, a dcoe) 'tis pecimarly nsM here fin Kent)
of a farm-yard. ' All such wood as is in the do9e ; ' Will of Jna
Godfrey of Lydd, 1572. [C£ * my bame . . . with the doMe$ to the
same appertayning ; ' 'Will of Thomas Godfrey, 1542, printed in Azdi.
Cant. Ti 269-— W. A. S. R]
Clnck, Clnckish, adj. drooping ; [used] of a sick person.
Cock-bells, s. pL icides. * Conkdbdly an icide, in the Som, [Exmoor]
dialect dinkahdl ; ' Gent Magaz. zri. p. 406. Mr Lewis writes Cog^
hdh, [Of. Welsh ewg, a knob.] See below.
CrOg-bellB, 8. pL See Cock-belU,
Cogne, a dram of brandy. [No doubt pronounced [koag], and a mere
variety of cag or keg. Thus Kennett (Gloss, to Faroch. Antiq. a. t.
Codcboat) says — * a cogue or little drinlang-cup in the form of a boat,
used especially at sea, and still retained in ** a cogue of brandy." * The
words ' in the form cf a boat * mean no more, I suspect, than an inten-
tion to force cogue into a connection with cock-boat. Both Kennett and
Bay err in yenturing to fedsify a meaning rather than omit an etymo«
logy. It is simply fiie Welsh cau>g, a bowL]
Cold ; * out of coMf* when water has been upon the fire but a little
while, so as not to be called warm. [We now say, * with the chill
off.*]
Combe, a valley ; Bay. We have it in Kent, per se, and in a great
number of compounded names of places.
Cone, V. to crack or split with the sun, as timber does.
Contancrons, adj. peevish, perverse, prone to quarrelling. [I.e. can-
tankerous.]
Cop. A cop of com ; the same as shock ; see Lewis's Tenet, p. 95 ;
and, at p. 96, he explains a cop of pease, &c., by 15 sheaves in the field,
and 16 [i.e. or 16] in the bam. [Kennett (dflosa to Paroch. Antiq.
s. V. Coppire) has — * A cop of hay, a cop of pease, a cop of straw, &c.,
are used in Kent for a high rising heap.*]
Cope, V. * to cojye a ferret,* to sow up the creature's mouth.
Corse, a large cleaver, the largest wliich is used by a butcher.
Cost, [koast] ^ a cost of lamb,' a fore quarter, from Fr. coste^ of the
Lai coBta, Tis pronounced ' cost.'
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 25
Cotton, V. ' they cannot cotton^ Le. agreo together, or please each other.
[CI Welsh cytuiio, to agree.]
Conch-g^ass, in Derbysh. twitch^ass. * Long roots of quiche or dog's-
grass, wreathed about the bones ; ' Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. iii.
Court, a cart, but a smaller sort ; Old Parish-book of Wye, 34 Hen.
Viil. [Merely cort for carf]
Court, or Court-lodge, the manor-house.
Cove. * A cove : a little harbor for boats, West-Country;* Eay. But
in Kent it denotes the same as a shed, as when the eevos of the house
are brought down lower, to shelter or cover a room tmdemeath ; a low
building joyning to the Vail of another, upon which the rafters lean and
at the upper end are supported by it. A.S. co/a,
Cow^ the wooden thing put over the chimney of a hop-host or malt-
house, which turns with the wind, and prevents smoking ; it means
cowly as * a friar's cowL'
Crank, adj. merry, cheery. Our sailors call a boat that is apt to
overset, a crank boat ; Lewis.
Crap, for crop ; as, * a crap of com.'
Cream, v. to crumble. Hops, when they are too much dried, are
said to cream, ie. to crumble to pieces. * To cream one's dish,' to put
the bread into it, in order to pour the milk upon it ; to crum or crtim-
hle the bread, I suppose.
Crips, adj. crisp. Lluyd, Arch. p. 7 ; see Aps,
Crock, * an earthen pot to put butter or the like in,' Bay ; a pitcher.
Ft. cruche, [Welsh crochan, A.S. crocca,']
Crop, the craw or maw of a fowl or bird.
Crow, the crow of a hog, the mesentery. Called midgin in Derh,
Cmp. The skin of a roasted pig, or of roasted pork being hard, is
cdOLed the crup. Grub is Somersetsh. [Exmoor] for crust of bread or
cheese ; Gent. Maga. xvi p. 406.
Cmp, adj. pettish, peevish ; as, * you are very crup.*
Cnlch, rags, bits of thread, and the like, such as mantua-makers litter
a room with ; much the same as pelt ; it means, I find too, any rubbish.
[Lewis has — * Culch, lumber, stuff.'] See Felt.
Cull, V. to pick, chuse ; Lewis. But this is general. [Hardly general
in common life.]
Culverkeys, s. pL cowslips ; from culver, a pigeon ; Ray, p. 63.
[E. D. a, B. 16, p. 80.]
Currantberries, s. pL Li most parts, they say only currants. See
Orape-vine,
Curs, [kurs] adj. cross. See Cuss in Parish's Suss. Gloss.
Dabberries, s. pL goose-berries. [A corruption of deuhherries, a name
sometimes given to gooeeberrica. In a note on * dewberries' in Genl
2G psoas's ALPHABET .OF KBNTICISMS. [C. 3.
Maga. 1836, Feb. p. 126, the writer says that dewherrui means gooi^
berries in OulpeppOT's HerbaL]
Dab-chick, a didapper, which means, I suppose, dive-dapper^ where
dapper is for dabber, from dabble^ to pU^ in the water. [Not quita
Dapper here means dipper, whilst dabble is the diminutiYe of dab^
Dance. ' Its dance to him,' Le. a rarity.
Dark, [darkness.] By dark, in the dark ; as otherwise Ify daylighi^
by moonlight,
Dawther, v. to tremble, to shake, jar, as a hollow board when nothing
is held against it, is apt to do when you drive a nail into it. They
[also] pronounce [it] dodder. See Doddle in the Suss. Glosa
Dawther, or Dodder-g^rass. A certain long shaking-grass is called
dodder-groM or dawther in Kent; in Derbyshire, to dither is to quiyer.
Deal, part ; ' every deal,* i.e. every whit, altogether, entirely.
Deal, the nipple [Pegge has ' nipples '] of a bitch, of a fox, or of a
rat
Death, adj. deaf.
Deek, a dyke or ditch. See Dick,
Dene, or Den, as, ' a dene of land ; ' Somner, Antiq. Cant. p. 27, ed.
1703, where we read — * the manor of Lenham, consistingof 20 plough-
lands and 13 denes* Though this be not peculiar to Kent alone . . .
for there is scarce a coimty in England but what has some town or
village, whose name is compounded of ttaa word . . .^et I think tiiere
IB nowhere such a nest of tnem as in the County of Kent, where ihey
are found in many places, but nowhere so thick sown as in the Weald ;
&c. &c. [Somner also says that, in old deeds, the word dene means
' a woody valley, or place yeilding both covert and feeding for cattel,
especially swine ; ' the Boman Ports and Forts in Kent, p. 108. From
A.S. denUf a valley, a den.]
Denial, a denial to a farm; ie. a prejudice, a drawback, hindrance, or
detriment
Dibble, or Dibber. ' Dibble, an Instrument to make holes in the
ground with, for setting beans, pease, or the like ; * Bay. I think they
call it dibber in Kent. [I have heard dibble in West Kent.^W. W. SLj
Diok, [dik] a ditch ; Derb, a dyke. See Deek,
Dingy, [diiyi] adj. dirty.
Dish-meat, ' spoon-meat ; Kent.* Bay.
Dishwater, 'motacilla;' Littleton's Latin-English Diet. [MofaciQa
means a wagtail, and this bird is still called ' Peggy Dishwasher ' by the
lads of Kent. See Dishwasher in the Suss. Gloss.]
Dodder. See Dawther.
Doings, s. pi. [jobs]. To do doings for people, when a person keeps
a small farm and works with his team for hire.
Dolours, pr. s. indie 'does lowre; as, ''the wind dolaura;^* Lewi&
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 27
[This stupid definition is clearly due to the ridiculous habit of attempting
always to indicate the derivation, as though dolour could be a corruption
of * does lowre ! ' Perhaps we may take it that there is a verb to dolour,
used to express the moaning of the wind.]
Dolphin, black flyes upon a tree when it is blighted. Such a blight
they call a dolphin. Beans are very subject to it.
Dough, a fat clay. I suppose, the same word as dougJi of bread.
Dover-hoase, a necessary house.
Down. Not altogether peculiar to the County, but perhaps more
used here than any whore ; for every piece of high open groimd they
call a doivn. From hence the open Sea, at Dail, is the Downs; so
Su8sex-i>oii7w«, Bansted Dovnis in Surry ; Bodman Downs in Cornwall;
Borlaso, Hist p. 245. [A.S. dun, a hill.]
Downward. See Upward.
Dredge, v. [to catch with a drag-net] ; peculiar to the oyster-fisher-
men. [The A.S. drcege means a drag ; and droege-nett is a drag-net.
It is a mere corruption of drag,^
Drinking, a refreshment between meals, used by the ploughmen who
eat a bit of bread and cheese, and drink, when they come out of the
fields, at ten in the morning, and six in the evening ; Lewis. But this
is general. [Perhaps not so, in this restricted sense.]
Drive-bnndle. A driver^hundUy when a horse first carries one, and
then returns to fetch another ; that is, in carrying on double-horse.
Droits, R. pi. rights, dues, customary payments (French) ; Lewis. But
this is general. [Hardly so now.]
Dr3rth, drought.
Ear, V. to ear, to plough. ' Eryng of land three times ; * Old Parish
Book of Wye, 28 Henry Viil. ; &c. Cf. * earahle land,' Green wey's
transl. of Tacitus de Mor. Q^rm., &c. [Kennett, in his Qloss. to
Paroch. Antiq. s. v. Arura, gives * Ear, to plough,' and * Earing, &
day's ploughing,' as Wiltshire words. The A.S. erian, to plough, is
cognate with the Lat. arare.^
E*en a'most, [een'umoast*] adv. almost ; but with some emphasis.
Effet, an eft, a newt. A.S. efefe. *Neuts, efts, or askers;* Plot's
Staffordsh. p. 244 ; * evet or neut ; ' id. p. 261.
Eiren, s. pi. eggs. See Caxton in Ames, p. 52 ; hence eiry of a hawk,
i.e. the nest where the eggs are ; Littleton.
EUing^, adj. solitary, lonely, melancholy, farre from neighbours. A.S.
ellend. See Bay. Elyng, Piers Plowman, B. proL 190.
Elvin, an elm.
Emmets, s. pi. ants. See Cad.
Entetig, v. to interduce {sic)
Emftll, adj. and adv. lamentable ; *emful had^ lamentably bad, Cf.
' yemfvi tunes,' sorrowful tunes ; Damon and Pythias, p. 249.
28 pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. &
Ersh, the samo as EdUh (Sussex), the stubble after com is cut Ll
Derbyshire they call it edidge, and restram it to roughinss or afta^
maths. [Kennott, in Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. s. v. Ernes, nAa — 'Ertk
in Sussex is the stubble ; what in Kent we call the gratten, in the
North tdduh:^
EylebonrxL See Nailhoum.
Fack, of a bullock ; that stomach that receives the herbage first, and
from whence it is resumed into the mouth to be chewed, when the beast
chews the cud.
Fags, interj. a cant word of affirmation; in good faith, indeed,
truly.
Fairy-sparks, or Shel-fire, often seen on clothes in the night ; Hay.
Sie allusion is to * certain luminous appearances ; ' see Brand's Pop.
tiq. ed. Ellis, ii. 492.]
Fairisies, s. pi. fairies.
Fear, v. to frighten. Wisdom of Solomon (A. V.) xvii. 9 ; &c
Fellowly, adj. familiar, free.
Fenny, adj. mouldy, as cheese. See Ray ; and cf. vineto in Plot's
Staffordsh. p. 15 ; and vinny in Gloss. Junii. [A.S. finiey moiddy.]
Fet, V. to fetch. Old Plays, ix. p. 78 ; Hudibras, iL 3, 780 ; &c. &c.
[In Bell's edition of Hudibras, vol. ii. p. 43, 1. 14, the reading is /ar
set ; but this is an obvious error for far fet, i.e. far fetchedy as Dr Pegge
rightly explains it.]
Fickle, V. to ficMe a person in the head with this or that, to put it
into his head ; in a baddish sense.
Fild, field. [Pronounced fil; seeji, 17, sect. 13.]
Flavour, heat, ignorantly ioT fervour, ' The sun casts a ^^aX flavour ; '
others say — * a great /avour.*
Flead, lard ; or rather, the leaf of fat whence lard is got.
Flitmilk, the milk after the cream is taken off; called in Derb. %kimr
milk,
Flinder, a butterfly. Cf. FJittennouse, C£ 'flundering fame,* Le,
flying fame ; Nash, p. 34. [The passage is quoted in Nares, ed. HaL
and Wrt. — * Report (which our modemers clepe flundring £une) puts
mee in memorie of a notable jest.* — Nash, Pierce Penilosse, 1592. J
Flittermonse, Flindermonse, a bat.
Flue, adj. tender, weak ; of an horse, or a person. See Ray. [Dutch
flaauwy feeble, faint.]
Flush, adv. in a line, even.
Folks, s. pi. the men-servants. E, Kent.
For, prep. * What for a horse is he 1 ' i.e. what kind of a horse
isheP
Fore-acre, an headland.
C. 8.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 29
Fore-right, adj. or adv. [direct]. * It (i.e. the river Rother) had
person is to take him wrong, to misunderstand him, and a ribapare is a
spare rih. The Kentish say outstand a person, for to stand out against
hmi. * Foreright you,' i.e. right or strait before you. In Hants, a
foreright person is an idiot or a simple person, viz. one that without
consideration runs headlong, and does things hand over head.
* Vorereertf forth-right, without circumspNBotion ; ' Somera. [Exmoor]
Gent. Magaz. xvi. p. 408. * Foreright winds,' i.e. prosperous, right
forward winds, Ola Plays, iv. pp. 177, 188. ' Or hedge [Dr Peggo
reads tum^ aside £rom the direct fortk^rigU; * Sh., Xroil. and Gros.
iii 3, 168.
Forioal, a headland in ploughing. See Foreaere.
Forstal, a small opening in a street, or a lane, too little to be called
a common. It is generally a green place before an house ; but other-
wise I have known that part of a farmer's yard lying just before
the door call'd the /orstal. Eay has — * A foatcU, forte forekcU, a way
loading from the high way to a great house ; SusaexJ
Poy [foil, Fr. vote, a treat at going abroad or coming home ; Lewis.
But this is general ; see Dr. Littleton. [Not general now. The word
is discussed in Oent. Ma^. vol. di. pt. u. p. 290 (1832) and vol. ciii.
St. L p. 386 (1833) with reference to the compoimd word Fov-hoat, The
eriv. from Fr. vote may be questioned ; it is more likely to be
equivalent to the Dutch fooi^ which signifies an emolument, per-
quisite, vail, fee, farewell. The word is still known at Mar^te ; see
* Misadventures at Margate ' in the Ingoldsby Legends, by jBarham.
The word occurs in a passage in Pepys' Diary, thus quoted in Nares,
ed. Hal. and Wrt. — * To Westminster with captain Lambert, and
there he did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his
foy, he being to set sail today towards the Streights.' In this passage
the word clearly means a farewell tireat, but the explanation there
given is — a boat attendant upon a ship !]
Prail, adj. peevish, hasty.
Frith, [Welsh ff)ndd, a wood. See Halliwell. Dr Peggo has a con-
fused note on it, which shews that he was misled by connecting it
with the A.S. frith, meaning peace ; however, he says, ' it is a term
respecting a forest.']
Frore, pp. frozen. See Milton, P. L. ii. 695. From, frozen ; Caxton,
Myrrour, ii. c. 21, 26, 27.
Fnmer, a baker. French /(mm/cr.
Galy, adj. [boisterous] ; ' the wind is gahj,' i.e. blows in gales, by fits
and intervals.
Gang-way, a thorow-fare, entry, passage ; Lewis. A sea term.
Oant, adj. [said] of a greyhound, or a racehorse, being thin in the
flaziks. See Ghent Ms^. xvi. p. 408. [It is our word gaunt ; see the
30 peqge's alphabet of kentioismb. [C. S.
play on the word — ' Old Chxunt indeed, and gaunt in being M '— >
* leanness is all gaunt * in Shak. Bich. II. Act ii.Sc.L3
Ckkscoignes, s. pi. small black cherries.
Oate, a way ; ' a sea-gate,* a way into the sea ; LeMris. But this is
gonoraL [Hardly general now ; cf. Bam's-^rote, 'Max^gate,']
Gavelkind, see Spelman's Gloss, pp. 259, 565. [See Gavelkind in
HalHwell.]
Ge, pee] fowls are said ' to go to ge,* ie. to roost. They pronounce it
ramer chee or chie [chee], as Lewis has it. Chy in Comian is an houfle.
[More likely connected with Fr. gSsir, Lat. iaoere, to lie, whence the
sb. giUf a lodging.]
Oentaili an ass.
Oill, ' a little narrow valley witb wood, and a riU ituming in the bot-
tom ; * Aubrey's Antiq. Surrey, vol. v. p. 402. * A Oilly a rivulet, a
beck. 8us8.* Kay. 'A gill of growing timber;' Advertisement in
Canterb. Paper, Sat. May 25, 1743.
Olinfl, [glins] adj. slippery; they pronounce it glince. [O.F. giineer.]
Oloom. I take it to bo a corruption of bloom, Plot's StafiTordshiio, p.
163. [There is little to help us to the sense of the word. In Plot, we
find only the technical term bloom, which means a mass of iron after
havins undergone the first hammering, and which is dearly derived
from tne A.S. bloma, a mass of metal.]
Gh> to, V. to set ; ' the sun goes to,* ie. sets.
6od*s good, yeast, barm. Kent, Norf. Suff, ; Ray. In the times of
superstition, when the success of anything was precarious, the good-
wives were used to bless or exorcise it, as m boiling of bladc-pud£ng8,
and the like. So at this day, in Derb., after having beat the yeast (or
barm, as they tJiere call it] into the ale, when it is in the fat [lc.
vat] they^ always cross it with two long strokes with the hand from
side to side. Uoirs good, tberofore, I would suppose to bo a form of
blessing or exorcising, or at least tiie two first words of such a form.
Going to't, i.e. going to do it ; as, ' do this or that ; ' the answer is —
* I am going to't* [Often used still, but pronounced to it in full ; as,
* Tm going to it.' The frequency with which it is used in some parts
of Kent renders the phrase a strmng one.]
Oolding, a lady-Lug [i.e. ladybird]. See Dug.
Oolls, [golz 1] 8. pi. gozlings, or very young geese. See WiUoiff-guil.
Oolore, adj. plentiful, or plenty. [Dr Pegge suggests a connection
with gloar ; see gJoarfat in Halliwell ; but it is the Gaelic gu hdr,
enough, from leor, an adj. signifying sufficient, with the prefix gu,
which is used for converting an adj. into an adverb.]
Gooding, io go a gooding, when the poor of a parish go about for
an alms, the week before Christmas. [Chiofiy on St Thomas's day ; see
Gent. Maga. 1794, April, p. 292, quoted in Brand's Pop. Antiq. ed.
Ellis, L 456. Brand says that the custom of * going a gooding ' is still
kept up in Kent, in the neighbourhood of Maidstone.]
C. 8.] pegoe's alphabet op kentioisms. 31
6o8S, heath, furze ; Lewis. But this is general. [A.S. gorstJ]
QojsteTy V. to laugh aloud ; ' a goystering wench/ a hoy-maid, or a lad-
likss ; Lewis.
Oranada, a golden pipin {sic).
Grandly, adv. greatly ; as, ' I want it grandhj^
Orape-vine, a vine ; Wild [ ^Yeal^I\ of Kent, and Suss, Orchard, in
Derh,, is always spoken of apples ; But in Kei\t, they say apple-orchards,
hecause of the cherry-orchards.
Oration, an ersh, or eddish. Suss. ; stuhble, Kent; Ray. Now here
Mr. Bay distinguishes betwixt ersh and stubble. Lewis writes CHrotten.
See Ersh, [C£ O.F. grat, pasture, Ac. ; Cotgrave.]
Oreat, adv. very ; as * great much,' very much.
Greeds, s. pi. * the greeds,* straw thrown on to the dung-hill. A.S.
grcede,
Oreen, to take a horse a green, i.e. to the field or to green meat ; as
when they say ' he s^oes a green,* i.e. he goes to grass. A green is an
open piece of ground, and generally a common or waste.
Oreen-swerd, grass turf ; Lewis. £ut this is general.
Orotes, s. pi. [grits, groats] ; called greats in Derb, Gh'eats is very right,
for it means great meal of oats, in opposition to small meal. Dr. Plot,
Hist. Staff, p. 205, very incorrectly writes gritts, [TJnsatisfiEu^ry ; in
fact, Dr Plot's spelling is now common, if one t be omitted. The A.S.
has groetta, grits, or groats ; grut, meal of wheat or barley, gryt, fine
flour, and gredt, grit or sand.J
Orotten. See Oratton,
Oness-cow, a barren cow.
GKiesting, gossipping.
Onttermud, v. to dirty ; as when one falls from a horse into the
dirt.
Hagister, a magpie, Kent ; Bay, Lewis.
Hair. They prefix the article ; as, ' a good hair ; ' we say, 'good hair.*
So they say, * a bread and batter ; ' for which we say * a piece of bread
and butter.'
Hale, adj. healthy ; ' hale weather,' healthy, wholesome weather.
Half-amon. See Amon.
Hank, Hink, a skain ; ' a hank of silk.' So we say, a man has
an hank on another ; or, he has him entangled in a skain or string.
Lewis.
Haps, a hasp. Bightly; for so the A.S. So also wajps iot wasp.
[A.S. h(tps, a hasp.]
Haroelet. See Yeoman of Kent, act iv. ; where it is defin'd too, viz.
the heart, liver, and lights of a hog ; but they mix some fat bits and
d2 pegge's alphabet of kenticishs. [C. S.
loan of the pork, and roast all together. Dr. Litileton initee haslets
and hastlft. Some cannibals are described as offering a man's head
to some English officers as a dainty, * of which, as may well be sap-
posed, the gentlemen refused to partake. They then presented toe
fiaslH of the man, just warmed, and . . . pressed them to oat.' Qeat,
Magaz. 1776, p. 19. So CotgraTe, in EngHsh part, q. y.
Hardhewer, a Btoncmason; Articles for building Wye bridge,
1G37.
Harvest, v. To harvest is a verb ; we also use harvcstcra. Johnson's
Sorm. Tol. 2, pp. 300, 324.
Harvesters, s. pi. workers in the harvest. See above.
Hatch, ' a gate in the roads ; a half -hatch is where a horse may pass,
but not a cart ; ' Aubrey, Antiq. Surrey, vol. 5, p. 402. Kent-hakh
(Symondson's mapp) and the scituation {sic) of it, upon the borders
of tiie county, shows the sense and propriety of it. [A.S. hascaS\
Haulm, or Helm, stubble gathered after the com is inned; Bay.
Used here chiefly of pease and beans' straw. [A.S. healm,']
Have, Y. to take ; as, ' ham the horse to the field.'
Haw, a close, Kent ; Bay. Hence Hemphaughj a little place where
homp is planted, an hemp-spot. Hemp-hawey vide Bapchild in If onasti-
con Cant. Lewis writes haw or hawmeL [Kennett, s. v. Haia, in his
Gloss, to Paroch. ' Antiq. says — 'in Kent, a haw; ie. a amall doee
hedged in.*]
Hearth, [hcei'th 1] * in hearth,* within hearing.
Heave, [hoov] v. ' to heave, a card,' to play it ; it being as it wore lifted
up, or htav'a, before it is laid down upon the table.
Heave-gate, when the rails, with the pales nailed to them, may be
taken out of their mortises, and then put in again ; it looks of a piece
with the rest of the pale-fence, but may be taken down occasionally.
Heeve, [heev] sb. and vb. a hive, a bee-hive ; also, to hive bees.
Hele, [heel] v. to cover. Also in Derh, [A.S. helan, to cover],
Helter-kelter, adv. head-foremost, all together. Lewis. This is
general. [Not general nowJ]
Hether, piedlrur] adv. liither. [Dr Pegge writes lieatker, and cmnr
pares whether for whither ; thus shewing the pronimciation.]
Hever, [heevur] a crab. So called at Dover. [See Heaver in Halli-
well. A.S. ho'feni,']
Hicket, V. to hiccup, or hiccouglL
Hide-and-fox, hide-and-seek ; a children's play. [Cf. ' Hide fox, and
all after,* i.e. let the fox hide, and the others go to seek him : Ham-
lot, iv. 2, 32.]
Heath, Hoth, heath ; as, //o^/ifield, OxenJioath, King^ioth ; hence
Jloath or Iload near Eeculver.
Hobbrd, pp. puzzled, put to a difficulty.
C. 3.] P£QG£'S ALPHABET OF EENTICISMS. 33
Hocker-headed, adj. fretful, passionate. Lewis. [C£ A.S. hocer,
scorn,]
EoU, [hoi] Y. to throw, lit. to hurl. Ex. * to hoU a stone.'
Holly-boys and Ivy-girls. In West Kent, figures in the form of a
boy and girl, made one of holly, the other of iyy, upon a Shrove
Tuesday, to make sport with. [' A group of girls enga^^ themselves
in one part of a village in burning an uncouth image which they called
a hoUy-hoy, and which they had stolen from the boys ; while the boys
were to be foimd in another part of the village bumine a like effifi[y,
which they called the ivy-girl^ and which they had stolen nrom the gins :
the ceremony being in both cases accompanied by loud huzzas.
Chambers, Book of Days, i. 238 ; with a ref. to G^nt. Maga. 1779. So
in Brand's Pop. Ant ed. Ellis, i. 68.]
Holt, a wood. Much used in names of places. [A.S. Jiolt]
Homestall, [hoam'staul] the house the family lives in«
Hooding, [huoddng] a country masquerade at Christmas time, which
in Derb, they call guising (I suppose a contraction of dis-guUing) and
in other places mumming.
Hopkin, [a supper for work-folks after the hop-picking is over.] See
Wlieatkin,
Homide, a hornet, Susa.; Eay.
Horrid, adv. extremely ; as, * horrid bad ;' or ' horrid good.'
Horse-naiLi, s. pi. tadpoles.
Horsekeeper, a groom ; one that looks after a farmer's or a gentle-
man's horses.
Hort, for hurt.
Houp, pp. holpen, ie. helped ; from AoZp, the I being left out
Housel, for * house-hold ; ' ' an old housel^ ie. household, meaning
household stuff or furniture.
Hover, adj. Hght ; ^ hover ground, i.e. light ground;' Eay.
How, adv. ' about how,' near the matter. [Used thus — ' that's ahaui
how;' meaning — < that is sufficiently near to the right way of doing
the thing.']
How, [hou] pron. who. See Lewis.
Howsomever, adv. ' hut hotcsomever^ ie. howsoever. At Bromley,
in W, Kentf the more ordinary people say howsomedever,
Huffle, a merry meeting. Lewis.
Huffier, one that carries off fresh provisions to ships. Lewis.
Huge, adv. very. * I'm not huge well.' Sometimes they make it a
dissyllable, hugy [heuj'i]. Knolles, Hist p. 679; D. Carew's Surv.
Comw. p. 151 b.
Hutch, a waggon, used in the manner of a cart.
3
84 pegge's alphabet of kentigisics. [C. 3.
Euxon, 8. pL the same as Samers, [Exmoor] hucksheens^ ie. the hocka
or hams. Qrent. Magaz. xvi. p. 4<)6.
Euy, interj. used in fraying [i.e. frightening or driying] hogs, Er. hu$,
SThe Fr. interj. htie is preserved in the phrase ' hue and cry; ' c£ Fr.
^uer, Welsh hufa^ to hoot.]
lies, [eilz 1] 8. pi. ails or beards of barley.
Indnrable, adj. durable, veiy durable ; as if for induring ot enduring.
So endure or indure for dure, in English.
Ivy-girL See Holly-boys.
Jack. See Tamsin,
Janl, v. when crows throw the earth about, and get the grain out of
the ground when it is sown, they are said to jaul it out [Shakespeare
employs both to joll and to you;^.]
Jawsy, [jauzi] adj. talkative. From the jauw.
Jealousy, adj. jealous.
Karfe, [kaaf] ' Ker/e, the furrow made by the saw. Suss. ; ' Hay. In
felling, or cutting anything with an axe, the aperture made bv the
first strokes is the ker/ey or calfy as some seem to pronounce it ^Diey
pronounce it karf in Kent. [From the vb. to carve.']
Keaf, a calf.
Keals, [keelzl s. pL nine-pins. Littleton's Diet. The Kentish-men
call tnem also skittles. Tis the Fr. quilles. [The Fr. qutUe is from
Gor. kegelf which is cognate with the 0. Eng. kayle, keal, or heel.^ See
Cales.
Keeler, a cooler [i.e. a large tub. Kennett, in his Gloss, to Paroch.
Antiq. s. v. Aerere, says — * In Kent, a keeler is a broad shallow
vessel of wood, wherein they set their milk to cream, and their wort to
cool.' Ct A.S. c^laUf to cool.]
Kern, v. [to com, produce com]. ' Kerning, coming ; good kerning
land;' JJewis. See Plot's Staffordsh. p. 204; who says that 'the
pisum album majus^ or garden-Boimcival . . . were found to run upon
the ground without inconvenience, and to kem well.' [Of. Ger. kornen,
to granulate.]
Ketch, V. to catch,
Kew, [kew] a cow.
Kilk, [charlock] ; kilk or kelk, which in DerK they call kedlock, from
whence by contraction it comes ; kdlock, kdk. They call it kinkU too.
[Dr Pegge omits to give the signification, and omits kedlock in hia
* Derbicisms ; ' but he certainly means charlock, which is the sense
eiven to kilk in Cooper's Sussex Glossary. Besides, kedlock for cAar-
tock is given in Ilal. as a Shropshire word.]
Kinkle. See Kilk,
Kitten, a young cat ; in Derk a kitling. It is a sing. sb. for 'tis pliu
C. 3.] peoqe's alphabet op esnticisms. 35
ralized by a. [Dr Pegge argues that it ought to be a plural, viz. * the
plural of kit, as I have often heard a young cat called.' It is, howeyer,
a diminutive.]
Kittle, V. to tickle. [A. 8. citelian, to tickle.]
Kittle, Kittliah, adj. ticklish, uncertain ; ' upon what kitfle, totteiing,
and uncertain terms they held it ; ' Somner, Of Gkivelkind, p. 129. &o
fickle and uncertain weather they call ' kittle * weather. Lewis writes
cittU,
Knet, V. to knit ; as to knet stockings. "Not very improper ; fer net^
knit, knot, are adl of the same original.
Knoll, a hill or bank ; ' a knsle ef sand.' Lewis. [A.S. enoU^ a round
top.]
KnoUes, [noalz 1] s. pL tumeps, Ketd ; Eay. Lewis writes hnowlea.
[Kennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antia. s. v. CGj^irt, has — *KnoUBf or round-
headed roots, or tumeps ; so called in £!ent.']
Lack, V. to want. Very common ; see Macbeth^ iii 4. 84.
Lady-bug, a lady-bird. See Bug,
Lant-flour, fine flour, ie. lawn'd or sears'd through a lawn. I think
the better sort say laum'd^flour, [Dr Pegge writes /foti;er. Whatever
we think of the derivation, we may th^nk him for using the verb
aearae, to strain.]
Lathe, [a division of the county of Keni;, which is divided into five
kUheSf viz. Sutton-at-Home, Aylesford, Scray, St Augustine's,
and Shepway.] On this word see especially Glosa in X. Scriptores,
s. V. Lcutum and Leta; Lastum in Ann. Burt. p. 280; Loith in Lam-
barde's Peramb. p. 28. [It is the A.S. Iceth,']
Latterly, adv. the latter part of his time.
Lawens Heart, interj. as ^ lawcus heart / ' which means ' Lord
Christ's heart.' This is a true etymology. Gasooigne teetij^ they
were antiently us'd to swear per Cor Chritti pretiosttm, in Ids llieolog.
Dictionary. Lewis, citing the passage in his Life of Bp. Peacock, p.
155, annotates — ' in Kent the vulgar yet use LawcuB heart for Lord
Chriefa heart,* to which let me add ^odshiart and ^aheart, which evidently
means Qod^a (Le. Christ's) heart.
Lay, Ley, land untilled j Lewis. But this is generaL
Lay, V. to lie. * He who will not the law oboy (*u;), Here in y*
Stocks must surely lay ' ; on the stocks at Bridge.
Laystole. Of what extent the use of this word may be, I cannot
say ; but it i9 currently used at Wye, and I refer you for the meaning
of it and tiie et3nnology, to the historv of the College of Wye. [It
must be the Old. Eng. lay stall, a rubbish-heap, or rather, a place where
rubbi^ i9 shot ; not exactly ' a dunghill,' as commcmly explained. It
occurs in Spenser, P. Q., i 5, 53.]
Leaoon, a common ; but wet or swampy ; as, Wye Leaeon, Weatwell
Leacon,
36 PEGGS'S ALPHABST OF KSNTIdSMB. [C S.
Leuiiy Y. to teacL
Lease, v. to glean; Suss. Kad; Bay, and Lewis. [A.S. le$Qn^ to
gather.]
Leasmgy gleaning. See alx>Te.
Leastwise, ady. ioikatt; aia * B,i lecutwiseJ Bp. Andie Ws Sezm. pp.
343,373.
Leer, ' leere^ tape.' Lewis. [' I meane so to mortifie my selfe, that
in steede ai silkee, I wil weare sackcloth : ior owches and braoelleteB,
here and caddys : for the lute, Tse the distaffo,' &a Lily's Euphnee,
ed. ArbOT, p. 79.]
Lees, a name for a common ; Kennett. Lees, a meadow or pastorD
field; Lewis. [A.S. fom.]
Leety, [leetij adj. ' a hety man,' of a slow, slovenly farmer. They
pronounce it Uaiy. [Dr Pegge writes letty, in spite of his saying how
it is pronounced ; because he thinks it deriyed m>m let, to hinder. It
is simply A.S. loet, late, slow, tardy.]
Lew, adj. sheltered ; an house is said * to lye Jew^* Le. the House lies
snug under the wind. Hence letcard, term at sea. Treyisa wrote
lewky and hereby you may see the oiigine of Luhewarnk, Bay has ' lee
or Uto, calm, under the wind ; Suae,* [A.S. ?Ue6, shelter ; hleowan, to
warm.]
Lew, y. to shelter ; trees are said ^ to lew an house,' Le. the trees keep
ojff the wind.
Libiat, Libbit, a stick to throw at anything. ' I took up a /t&ftif that
lay by the sole, and hoye it at the hagister that was in the poddar-
grotten.' Lewis. [This means — I took up a stick that lay by the
pool, and threw it at the magpie that was in the pease-stubble.]
Lief-coup. See Litcop.
Light, the whole quantity of eggs the hen lays at one laying.
Lightly, ady. mostly.
Linch, a bawke or little strip of land, to bound the fields in open
coimtiies, called elsewhere landehire or landsherd, to distinguish a shisre
of land. Lewis. [A.S. hlinc, a ridge of land.]
Linger, y. to long after a thing. We likewise use it to mean delay,
and tedious, and long. ' He is in a poor lingering way.* Lewis.
Lishy, adj. said of com running high and rank, when it is growing.
Litcop, a sale of goods upon the breaking up of shop ; 'tis us'd also of
hoiisehold goods. Lewis writes lief-coup.
Lither, adj. supple, limber, gentle. Lewis.
Lodg'd, pp. said of com laid flat with heayy rains. Macbeth, iy.
i 65.
Lope-way, a priyate footpath.
Lowance, allowance ; that which is giyen to the waggoners when they
haye brought home the load, in bread, and cheese, and ale.
C. 3.] pbggk's alphabet of kenticisms. 37
Lug, Sir Peter ; a person that comes last to any meeting they call
Sir Peter Lxigg ; wnere Ittgg is a oormption of lag. See Lag in * Der«
bicisms.'
Lusty, adj. fat ; or rather, in good order.
Maw, V. to mow ; Old Parish Book of Wye, 18 H. viii.
Maid. See Tanrnn.
May-bug. See Brig, Froger, p. 48. [Probably a cock-chafer ; see
May-heetle in HalliwelL]
Meal, of all sorts of flower [Le. flour]. In Derh, 'tis only used of
the flower of oats, called as often meal as oatmeal; but it seems to be
a general word for all sorts of flower, seeing they say oatmeal.
Measles. ' Measles in a hog, porrigo^ porcorum lepra ; * Ainswortlu
See below.
Measly, adj. A measly hog. ' A measled hog, parens lepra laborans ; *
Ainsworth. But the distemper is more of a dropsy. The liver is al-
ways decay*d ; and there are here and there in the lean flesh, on cutting
it, small white spots or pimples which seem to be cysts or bladders of
fat N.B. Those small bladders, on boiling the pork, become hud, and
come out of the flesh, like so many smedl peas, and the spungy fat
therein turns to water ; they say the neck and legs are most inrocted«
Meece, [mees] s. pL mice.
Mill, v. to melt.
Miller's thumb, that fish which in Derh. they call bullhead. [The
cottiu gobio.^
Mind. To be a mind to a thing, to intend, or design it. [I believe
this is quite true ; and that ' Tm a mind to ' is used as weU as, or
rather than, * Tve a mind.*— W. W. S.]
Mind, v. to remember ; as, ' I mind^ for ' I remember.'
Mine^ ironstone. So the magnet is called the mine ; Old Plays, yi.
p. 167 : Dr. Lister, Journey, p. 88. [See Nares.]
Minnis, a common ; as, Stelling Minnis, Eoads Minnis, &c. [Cooper,
in his Sussex Glossary, says ' Minnie, a rising piece of ground. • . Also
used in Kent, as a high common.']
Mint, the spleen ; see MUt in ' Derbicisms.'
Minty, adj. said of meal or flour, i.e. mity or full of mites ; 'tis us'd
of cheese too.
Minute. They say ' a little minule,* where others say ' a minute.* So
< a Httle moment,' Isaiah xxvi. 20.
Mist, v. impers. ' it mists,* i.e. rains very small rain, as it does when the
atmosphere is very thick.
Mittens, s. pi. the very large gloves they hedge with are in many places
called mittens, as in Kent See Bay.
3S pegge's alphabet of ksnticisms. [C. 3.
Kixon, a dungliill of any sort in some parte of England ; bnt here it
is more properly restrained to an heap of earth and dnng mixed to-
gether ; see Bay. They pronoimce it often a maxon. In CtUmc they
say misken, ie. misken, by metathesis. See Dr. Fnller's WorUu p.
174, where he defends it : * that heap of compost, which lyeth in the
yards of ^ood husbands,' ie. good husbandmen. [A.S. mix, dung;
mixen, a dunghilL]
Moan, a basket ; a deep basket, broader at top and open there. See
Maund in Bay, who says — * a hand-basket with two lids.' But this
answers not at all to the Kentish sense ; they pack up fruit in this
sort of basket, pick hops into them, and unload coals with them. See
Glanyil on Witchcraft, in Postscript, p. 41 ; Spelman, Glos. y. JfancEa-
tum, [A.S. mand, a basket.]
Mokes, [moaksls. pi. meshes ; the mokes of a net, the meshes ; see
Bay, p. 72. fThe singular moah appears in the Sussex Glossaries
by Cooper and Parish.]
Monkey-pea, millipedes [i.e. a wood-lousel When ho is rolled up
he is so like a pea, that one may imagine ri\n\ so called from the i mi-
tation of a pea, the ape or monkey being a ^reat imitator. [A little
further on m the MS., Dr Pegge revokes this opinion, and gives — ]
Mankepee, a wood-louse ; a corruption of mUlipes or multijpe$,
Mont, [munt 1] a month.
Moor. Botten, swampy, and wet grounds are called moors here.
More, ady. used of size or dimennions ; as, ' as big more^ ie. as big
again.
Mort, Mot, abundance, a multitude ; ' a mot of money, apples, men,'
&a Lewis. [Cf. Icel. mart mannas a number of men.]
Mnoh, V. [to soothe ;] to m^ich a child, to fondle it when it is peevish.
[I hazam the guess that this is from the Welsh mygu, to stifle, a verb
from Welsh mrvg^ smoko ; cf. E. muggy ^ close, stifling. This is made
probable by the fact that the cognate Gaelic verb much means not
only to stifle, but also to quell, to pacify, to hum in a low voice.]
Mullock, V. to mullock an oven, to damp its heat In Gloue*,
mould under a fag^t-stack is called mollock, from its wetness or damp-
ness. [A diminutive of Old £ng. mull, which is merely a variation of
mould,}
Mnshroon, a mushroom. Tis right, for it is from the Fr. moucheron
[mousseron].
Nail, the weight of eight pound ; as, * a nail of beef ; ' Siiss. Bay.
Nail-bourn, [an intermittent brook ; see Halliwell]. This word is
differently written Eyhhourn, Harris's Hist, of Kent, p. 240 : — * There
is a fSEunous Eylehourn which rises in this parish [Petham] and some-
times runs but a little way before it falls into the ground.' [And
again, at p. 179, Harris has — * Kilbum saith, that a.d. 1472 hero (at
I^wiE^m) newly broke out of the earth a great spring ; by which I
suppose he means an Eylehourn, or Nailhourn, as the vulgar call il']
0. 3.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 39
Nature, way ; ' in this nature,* on this manner, this way.
Nawn steers, s. pL small steers, juvenciUi. Lat. nanus, Fr. nain.
Nay, adv. no. Very common.
Neat, V. to make neat and clean ; as, ' she neata about* ie. she goes
about the house, making things neat and clean.
Ness, [a promontory. No explanation ; cf. Sheemess],
Newland, land newly broke up or ploughed. Lewis.
Nonce. * For the nonce,* on purpose.
None. * None of *em both,' i.e. neither of 'em. So the Fr. tons les
deux.
Nor yet, conj. nor. So nee tamen, Virgil, EcL i. 68 ; and see Col-
lect for St. Barnabas day ; John iy. 21.
Notch, V. * To notch up* to reckon or count ; alluding to the custom
or method of reckoning at cricket, where they take a stick, and cut a
notch or a nick in it, for every time they run.
Nimcheon. * In Kent, a noonchiorkOT nunchion of bread, or any edible,
is a great piece, enough to serve for the nooning, or dinner of any
common eater ; * Kennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq . s. v. Nona, [The
original meaning was a noon-drink, as shewn by the old spelling none*
chenclie in Biley s Memorials of London, p. 265. CI A.cl. tcencan, to
pour out drink.]
Oast, a kill for drying hops ; see Ba^. Bryhhod, ie. brick kiln ;
Old Parish-book of Wye, 34 Henr. vuL ' Ajid we call esioT ost the
place in the house where the siDoke ariseth ; and in some mannors
antiquum atuirum or ogtrum is that where a fixed chimney or flew
anciently hath been ; * Ley in Heame, Cur. Disc. p. 27. Bee Aitre.
IT believe that this attempt at connecting oatf with (uire is wrong.
The former goes with the Dutch eett, a drving-kiln, but the latter wiui
the old French astre, a hearth. For the following interesting note, I
am indebted to Mr Scott Bobertson. ' This name for a kiln was used,
in Kent, long before hops were introduced. La a deed, dated 28 Ed.
I., Tcopied, oy Mr Buxtt, in the Eecord Office) we find Boger de
Faukham granting, to William de Wykewane and Sarah his wife, 3
acres of land which *' jacent apud Ie Lymoste in parochia de Faukham."
During Wat Tyler's insurrection some of the msurgents *' went to a
place called the Lymoat, in Preston next Faversham, on the 5th of
Jime, 1381, and ejected . . . goods and chattels of Philip Bode found
there, to wit, lime, sacks, Ac' (Arch. Cantiana, iii 90^ Ju a lease,
dated 1445, and granted by the Churchwardens of Dartford to John
Grey and John Yynor, we read — ** the tenants to build a new lime oast
that shall btum eight quarters of lime at once ; ** Landale's '* Documents
of Dartford," p. 8. Limehoueef a suburb of London, seems to have been
named from a lym-oste ; it was not formed into a parish until the 18th
century. Li a Valuation of the town of Dartfora, 29 Ed. Li we find
mention of John Ost, William Ost, and Walter Ost'— W. A. S. B.]
Of, prep. * Acquaintance of a person,' for with him ; as, ' I have no
acquaintance of him.'
40 pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. 3.
Ofherwhile, adv. * Evety otherwhUe a little/ ie. a little now and
then*
Out ' The wind is cn^/ Le. in the north. See Upward.
Ontatand, v. to oppose. The Kentish say ' to autstand' a penon, for
to stand out agamst him. See Foreright,
Oven. ' To go to oven/ to bake.
Paddy, adj. worm-eaten. Lewis.
Palm-tree, a yew-tree. And, what is strange, they will sometimes on
Pahn-Sunday dress a church with yew-branches ; which I think Tearj
strange, because this was always esteemed a funereal tree ; but after
they once called it the jKUm-treef the other mistake followed as it were
on course. [Tew-trees in East Kent are * to this day uniyersally called
pahM ; * G^nt. Maga. Dec. 1779, p. 578.]
Par^, v. to parge, [to put on] an ordinary coat of mortar next to
brickwork or tiling. * Parget and mortar ' is the version of camentcmm
in Qreen w^s tr. of Tacitus de Mor. Germ. ; and Plot e&ja*pargei or
mortar ; ' Bisi Staffordsh. p. 153 ; and * to parge,* p, 173. [iErom LaK
paries, a walL]
Pegle, [peeg'l] ' as yellow as a pegle* A peigle is a cowslip, verhoMcU'
lum, jBradley*s Country Houswife, pt L p. 70. Gerard writes pai§U,
Pelt, rags, &c. See Culch. [Cf. Sc. pdtriey Swed. paltar^ rags ;
whence Eng. paltry, Kennett (Gloss, to Parooh. Antiq.) says— ^< a
Pelt, in falconry, is the skin of a fowl stuffed, or any carcase of a dead
fowl thrown to the hawks.']
Petty-ooat, a man or boy*s waistcoat. Lewis.
Pharisees, s. pi. fairies. See Fartsees.
Pittering-iron, a poker.
Place, Le. the manor-house. ' A manour place,* Heame, pref. to
Antiq. of Glastonbury, p. zv, which I think is from Leland. See
Strype's Ann , c. 15, scepe, presertim p. 189 ; Hans, p. 53. Note ; 'tis
chieny us'd in West Kent, Hence York-Place, Duke*B Place, Somerset
House is called Somerset Place, See Heame, in Leland's Itinerary,
vol. V. p. 141.
Place, a barton. Lewis. See above.
Plaguesome, adj. troublesome.
Planets, s. pi. it rains * by planets,* when showers fall in a small com-
pass, in opposition to general rain. [In his MS. remarks on Proverbs,
Dr Pegge says — ] in summertime, the rains are often very local, ex-
tending not above a mile or two ; upon which they will say, * it rains
bv planets,* which I suppose is a corruption of * it rains by plats * [i.e
plots]. [Probably not so. The Welsh planad means a shooting off,
a meteor, and planed means a shooting body, from the verb planu, to
shoot. Thus by planets may well mean ' by shoots.' It is remarkable
that this Welsh planed is not the Greek word pUmet, yet has been con-
fosed with it.]
\
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 41
Plaahing, pleaching a hedge. See Plot's Staffordsh. p. 357 ; ^vho
says — * Ajnongst which, for a living fence, 1 met with none so artificial
and serviceal as those made by the pkmching of quick-sets, i.e.
cutting them half through, and laying them cross me ditch upon
tibe a<^erse bank, and laying some earth upon them to keep them
down,' &o.
Flatty, adj. com growB platty, when it is good only in here and there
a place. [For plottyJ]
Plnm, adv. quite; as, 'plum wrong,* quite or directly wrong; *a
thing stands plum,* it stands fast. ^Tis a French idiom ; a plomh, pat,
fiilL
Plump, adj. dry ; of the ground, after wet weather. * A plvmp whit-
ing,' a whiting dried. Lewis has — Plvmp, dry, hard ; ' tiie ways are
plump,*
Poch, Y. [to tread ground into holes, as cattle do in wet weather.
See Putch ; and see Poach in Parish's Sussex Glossary.]
Poohy, adj. [full of puddles]. See PocJi and Putch.
Podder, pod-ware ; beans^ pease, tares, or vetches, or such ware as
has pods, Lewis. [This derivation of podder is a mere guess, and
hardly credible.]
Podder-grotten, [the stubble of beans, &c.]. See above, and see
OraUon and Libtat.
Poke, the nasty pool into which the stable and all its dung sews. See
Putch.
Polmmptioiu, a^j. rude, obstreperous.
Pelt, (1) a knock ; (2) a rai^trap, that falls down. Lewis. [The Old
Eng. ptUte and Swed. hulta both mean to knock.]
Poor, adj. bad ; as ' poor weather,' ' a poor day.'
Popy, [poap'i] a poppy. [The o is marked as long.]
Pored Milk. See Biakins.
Pother-hook, [a sickle] ; what in Derh they call a reaping-hook.
Pont, [a round stack] ; as, an h&j-pout, a round stack of hay.
Plot, a Kentish author, has it; Hist. Staffordsh. p. 15; where he
ffpeaks of * cattle fed in winter-time at the same pout of hay.' See
Poud in Bay.
Present, adv. presently, or at present, now. Often used in Strype*s
Annals, where he brings the words of his authors.
Print, adj. bright. * The night is print,* ' The moon shines print ; '
or, * the moon is print,'
Prodigal, adj. proud.
Pnll, V. [to pull down, weaken] ; *it has pulled him sadly ; ' of an
illness oringing people low.
Pnnger, a crabfish. By a punger they mean the largest crabs ; for
42 PEOOS'S ALPHABET OF KSNTICIBMB. [C. S.
the miall ones they call crah$. In Camden, ooL 1307, it fleoms not to
mean a ahellfinh. [See Pungar in HalliweU.]
Pntcli, a paddle. Putch, a pit or hole ; * a ptUeh of water ; ' Lewis.
And 80 to poch, and pochy. See Poke,
Quid, the end. ' To chew the quid ; ' in other places, ^ to chew the
cud,* From hence you haye to 'quid tohacoo,' and a 'quid of
tohacoa'
Qniddy, adj. brisk. [Welsli ehwidogy fall of qoirks, from ehwid, a
quick turn.]
Qnitter for Qnatter, phr. ie. quid pro quo. See Whieket. [CL Hi
fortai,']
Qaot, pp. or adj. cloy'd. ' Quottedf cloyed, glutted. Suss J Ray. In
Somers. [Ezmoor] aquott and quoU ; (}ent Magas. xvi. pp. 405, 407.
In Scotl. mud. Fuller's Worth, p. 304. [Here Fuller quotes a North-
umbrian Proverb : ' A Yule feast may be quat at Pasche. That is,
Christmas cheer may be digested, and the party htmgry again at Easter.
No happiness is so lasting but in short time we must forego, and may
forget it.']
Bace measure. FM measure is 2 1 to the score, as of com, coaLs,
&c. ; and race measure is but 20. But it must be obeeryed ihat/uU in
this case has no allusion to the nimiber 21 which is greater than
20, but to the manner of admeasurement; as oonceiye, when the
bushel is upheap'd *tis fuU ; when struck with strickle and eyen'd,
'tis race measure, from rado, rasi (Lat.) ; and this is the true
original oifuU and rase measure. Afterwards, they measured all by
race, and allowed one at the score, as an equiyalent reoompence for so
many full bushels ; 'tis immediately, tho', the French rais, [rcM,] which
signifies even.
Bad, a rod ; a measure of 16^ feet ; and by this they mostly measure
longitude [ie. distance] ; in other places, tiiey do it by yards. A rod
of brickwork is 16| feet square ; but the antient rod seems to have been
20 feet. Harris, Hist. Kent, p. 349, has — * And then also the measure-
ment of the marsh [i-e. Bomney Marsh] was taken by a rod or perch,
not of 16^ feet, widch is the common one now, but of 20 feet in
length.'
Baddis-chimney, a chimney made of studs, lathes, or raddles, and
cover'd with lome or lime. In Kent, a rod is rad, as raddles ; and they
say * 30 rade,^ for * 30 rods,' meaning the length of a rody or 16^ feet.
And therefore, 'tis a chimney made with rods,
Baddle-hedge, an hedge made with raddles. See below.
Baddies, s. pi. such green sticks as wattles or hurdles are made
of. In some countries called raddlinge, [Raddle is a dimin. of rad, i.e.
rod,^
Bade, adj. or ady. early ; a Somers, word ; as, rath blossoming, early
blossoming, Baxter on Witches, p. 205 ; and ' much raiher than other
thorns usually do,' i.e. earlier, ibid. p. 208. See also Qent. Magag,
C. 3.] peoqe's alphabet of kenticisms. 43
xyL, p. 407 ; ratheat is the saperl. in Piers Plowman [0. 13. 223]. See
also Ihiller's Worth, p. 86, ubi *ra<A-ripe pease.' Bay has 'rathe,
early. Sims.*
Bavel-bread, a middling sort of bread, neither white nor brown, but
mixt. Thread mixed and entangled is said to be raveTd,
Bammed, pp. as adj. excessive hard ; ' rammed dear,' dearer than
ordinary; Lewis.
Bedgnm, [a rash to which very young infants are subject. Dr Pegge
simply writes ' felon ' against this word, ' felon * b^g a provincial
word for a sore ; see Halliwell.]
Bexoii'd, pp. See Wre^oned,
Beson, the raising ; 'tis much the same as the wall-plate. [Dr Pegge
writes rezen, A wall-plate is a piece of timber placed horizontally in
or on a wall, to support the ends of girders and joists, A raising,
reason f rezon, or reson, means a raising-plate, ie. a longitudinal timber
on which the roof stands or is raised.]
Bibs, s. pi. sticks about the thickness of raddles, done up into bundles
with two wiffs, and about 5 foot long. They are used for the fire, like
faggots ; and sometimes in a raddle-fence. See Wiff,
Bibspare, the spare rib. See Forthright.
Bice [{pron. reis) small wood ; cf. A.S. hria, a twig, branch]. See
Boist.
Bide, V. ' to ride tythe ; ' to tythe, or to set out tithe, i.e. to ride
about for that purpose [of collecting tithes].
Bide, V. the raddishes * ride,' i.e. rise upon the stomach.
Bights, s. pL ' to go to rights,* to go the nearest way. Significant ;
Ben the Sailor uses it in Congreve's Love for Love, Act v.; Don
Quixote, iv. p. 138 ; &c.
Bigmarole, a long story : a * tale of a tub.'
Bime, what in Derh. we call ime ; A.S. hrim^ hoarfrost.
Binge, a large tub with two iron ears, containing 14 or 16 gallons,
with which two servants fetch water from a distant place, a nolo
being passed through the rings or ears, which lies upon the shouloiers
of the bearers. Lewis has — Minge, a tub to carry water in, with two
ears ; a covel.
Binge, wood when it is felled lies in ringes before it is made up into
faggots, &c. [Perhaps ranges, ranks ; c£. renges in Chauoer, Kn. Ta,
1. 1736.]
Bip, V. to reap.
Bipper, a pedder, dorser, or badger; Ray. [Le. a pedlar, or man who
carries fish in a basket for sale.Y Galled ripier; Old Plays, iv. p. 248.
[See Ripier in Cooper's Sussex Glossary.]
Bobin-rook, a robin-redbreast See Ruddock.
Bods, s. pi. [the shafts] of a cart or waggon ; in Derh. the sills. [In
* Derbicisms,' Dr Pegge writes— £fiW« of a wagon, ahaf ta]
44 pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. [C. 9.
Soist, a switch to beat a dog with ; or long wood, for brushwood,
before it be made up. Galled alBO Rice^ q. y.
Boots, 8. pi. carrots, car Uox^y- [Not so now.— W. A. S. R]
Sough, a wood. Archiv. Civit Cant.
Songhings, s. pi. See Ersh. Lewis has — Roughin^ the grass after
mowing.
Buckle, [sb. a] struggle ; Lewis.
Bnddle-wattle, a hurl (i.e. hurdle) made of small hazle-rods inter-
woven ; Lewis. See Raddles,
Buddock, the robin-redbreast, called also robiiv-raok; Littleton's Diet. ;
Shak. Oymbeline, iv. 2. 224. The notion of goUTs beine red (for it is
yellow rather) * made Manwood Lord Chief Baron call golden ooyne
(as I have heard reported) by an alluding by-name, ruddoaca ; * Bolton's
Elements of Armories, p. 166. 'Tis the Welch name rhuddog; rhudd
is red,
Bndy, adj. rude ; of children.
Bnmbal ; [a certain feast] See below.
Bnmbal Whitings. 'The present minister, Mr Sacket, acquainted
me with an odd custom used by the fishermen of Folkestone to this day.
They chuse eight of the largest and best whitings out of every boat,
when they come home from that fishery, and self them apart from the
rest ; and out of this separate money is a feast made every Ohristmas
Eve, which they call rumbaU. The master of each boat provides this
feast for his own company, so that there are as many different enter-
tainments as there are boats. These whitings they call also rumbai
whitings. He conjectures, probably enough, uiat this word is a cor-
ruption from Bumtvold; and they were anciently designed as an offering
for St Rumwcldf to whom a chapel, he saith, was once dedicated, imd
which stood between Folkstone and Hythe, but is long since demo-
lished ; * &c. Harris, Hist, of Kent, p. 125. [To this I)r Pegge has
added, at a later date—' A rumhal of whitine^, a certain quantity.'
Cf. the account of St Bumwald in Lambarde^ Peramb. of Kent, ed.
1656, p. 249.]
Bnnnet, the herb gallium [i.e. Galiumverum, yellow bed-straw] ; called
in Derh, * eming ; ' angHcd cheese-runnet ; it run$ the milk together, Lst
makes it curdle.
Bnnning. See Stroke-bias.
Bnsh, the rash, or spotted feaver.
Sag, V. [to be depressed by weight, to sink] ; ' the wind sags^ i.eu
falls. A rope or line, when it is extended, is said to sag in the middle
part See Macbeth, v. 3. 10 ; Gullum, p. 173. [C£ A.S. scegan, to cause
to descend.]
Saints-bell, what in Derb, they call a ting-tang. See Hudibras,
iii c. 2. 1 1224.— * The only sainU-bdl that rings all in.* [On which
B. Bell has a note—' The small bell rung before the minister begins
C. 3.] peggk's alphabet of kenticisms. 43
the sernce, to call to prayers and other offices. '' Her tongne is the
clapper of the devil's aairUs-beU, that rings all into confusion/' —
Character of a Scold, 1678.']
Sare, adj. (1) dry, of wood; opposed to green wood which won't
bum. So Macbeth, v. 3. 23-—* the sear, the yellow leaf ; ' Milton, who
writes seer, and sere, P.L. x. 1021 ; Ps. 2 ; Old Plays, iii p. 2; Skelton,
L6 ; CuUum, p. 173. — (2) tender, rotten ; as, * my coat is yery sare ; *
wis. [C£ A.S. searian, to dry up.]
Say, V. to try, i.e. essay it ; as, * when a hog has once sai/d a garden,
he wiU hardly be kept from it ; ' and, * to say and weigh an horse to
the road ' is to use a young horse to it. See Bay. ^
Scaddle, adj. mischievous ; said of a mischievous dog. See Bay.
From A.S. sceathan, to injure, scathe ; scaethig, harmfoL Lewis has
— Skaddle, wHd, unlucky, mischievous ; as, * a eikaddle cat, boy, fto.'
Scarefoll, adj. frightful.
Scads, s. pi. black bullace ; or a bastard damasin growing in the
hedges.
Scarcey, adj. scarce.
Scoppely a broad wooden shovel, used by the threshers.
Scorce, v. to exchange. Tis Somers. [Ezmoor] too ; Geni Magaz.
xvi. p. 407.
Score, they reckon much hj score ; as ihieoscore and fourteen instead
of seventy-four. This is much after the Scotch way, but more like the
Indians in the isthmus of Darien. See Wafer, p. 184. [Gf. Fr. Soix-
ante-qiuUorze. The reference is to Lionel Wafer's New Voyage and
Description of the Isthmus of America ; 8vo, London, 1699.]
Scout See S?ioat
Seam, hog's lard ; hence enseame is purging of a hawk of her glut
and grease ; Blome's Qent Beer, pi li p. 115. [And aeain, Dr Pegge
writes — ] Seam, fett ; or rather, lara, Brit. saim. Seym, Blount's tenures,
p. 1, ubi interpretatur sagimen. 'Tis a general word, Littleton ; [and
used] in Derbyshire, [Welsh saim, grease.]
Seam, [a horse-load]. ' A seame of coals ; ' Old Parish Book of Wye,
ult. Hen. viii See Bay. Also Gloss, in X Scriptures, b.v. Saginarius,
Qtutrterium, Summa ; Thome, coL 2094 and 2010 ; Cowel, s. v. Seme,
Jno. Gbdfrey, in his will, 1572, gives his wife * two seames of wheat,
half a seame of oates, two seames of malt ;' &c. Lewis says — Seme, a
quarter of com, or eight bushels, a horse-load. [A.S. seam also
means eight bushels, or a horse-load ; sumjiier-hoiBe is from the same
root.]
See, pt t saw ; 'Isee him at Canterbury yesterday.'
Server. Where there are no wells, as in the Weald of Kent, the pond
that serves the house is called the server, to distinguish it from the
horse-pond ; and from thence they take their water for boiling their
meat, for their tea, &a The etvmon is dear, unless it be a corruption
of the Fr. reservoir.
Set, V. to sit ; as, ' I was setting in my chair.'
46 PEOOB's alphabet of KINTICiaifS. [0. S.
Sew, adj. dry ; ' to go dew, Le. to go dry ; Sus9, spoken of a oow ; '
Bay. [WeUJi «ycA, dry ; c£ Lat. iiccua.]
Sew, V. [to dry, to drain ;] * to sew a pond.' See above. Cf. sewer.
Shall, Slianl [shaul], adj. shallow. Shole is common at sea ; as thole-
water; hence shodU, Wafer, p. 53 [see Score;'] and see Theobald,
notes on Macbeth, L 7.
Shave, corrupted from shaw. * Shaw, a wood that encompasses
a dose. Sum.* Bay. ' Shave, a small copse of wood by a field-side; '
Lewis.
Shay, adj. pale ; bad ink is shay.
Shay, * to have a shay of a thing,' Le. a cast, a general likeness.
Sheat, a little pig spay'd ; Lewis. [Spelt Scheat,] See S?ieeL
Sheer, adj. bare ; ' a thing lies sheer* i.e. bare. [A.S. scir, sheer,
pure, clear.]
Sheer-mouse, a field or garden-mouse. [Probably a mere variation of
ahrew-mottse.]
Sheer*way, a bridle-way, i.e. for a single horse, through people's
grounds : in Derh, a hridle-sty. Shire-way, Archiv. Givit. (^mterb. ;
and so liewis writes it. [Kennett, in his Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq.
s. V. Scirewute, savs — ' In Kerd we call a bridle- way a shcer-toay, as
separate and divided from the common road or open highway.']
Sheet, a young ho^, Sriffi ; in Essea^ they call it a shcie ; Bay. A
sucking or weanmg bigg ; Ban. Holmes, ii p. 180. N.B. Bi^ is a
female swine. jPSlsewhere Dr Pegge has—] okeet, a small young hog.
Jno. Godfrey, of Lidd, in his will, 1572, gives his wife ' one sow, two
aJieetesJ [Aennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antio. s. v. Fasnage, says — ' which
yoimg hog of the first year we call in Kent a sJieat, and in Sums, a
ahoie '—where for * Suss* we must read ' Ess, ; ' the Sussex form being
sheat.]
Shell-flre. See Fairy Sparks.
Shent, Shnnt, v. to chide, shreap. See Shreap. [A.S. scendan, to r^
proach.]
Shift, a fritter.
Shift, V. * To shifi land,' i.e. to divide it into two or more equal
parfcs ; Harris, Lexicon, v. Partition ; and so * to make a shift,* a division
of land. [A.S. scyftan also means to diyida]
Shift, a division of land. See above.
Shim, an horse-how ; [i.e. horse-hoe. See Shim in HaL]
Ship, 8. pi. sheep ; in the plural
Shoat, Scout, a kneading-trough; Lewis. [Spelt schoat ; iot
shoot.]
Shockled, Shrookled, pp. 'a shackled^ or shroclded apple/ Lq»
shrivel'd.
0. 8.] peooe's alphabet of kenticisms. 47
Shooler, a beggar. [Dr Pegge writes shuler, adding — I don't well
know how to spell this word. See Shooter in Halliwdl]
Shooling, begging ; ' to go a sTiooling ; * Lewis.
Shore, v. to shore an house, to support it ; and so, a sJiare, * A shored
tree stands lang ; ' Scotch Proy. Bay, p. 359.
Shore, a prop. See above.
Shotver men, s. pi. the mackarel fishers at Dover. Their nets are
called $hot-net8.
Should. ' It shotdd seem ; ' i.e. it seems.
Shove, V. to push, thrust. [General 1]
Shreap, v. to chide. [Taken from Dr Page's explanation of Sheni,
q. v.]
Shuck, an husk or shell ; as hesai-shucks, beanshells ; Bay.
Shy, adj. apt to startle and flee from you ; or, that keeps off and will
not come near ; Bay. In Line they say a horse skews, or skew$ <U it,
when he starts, and flies from a thing ; which I thought was from his
looking (ukew at it, aa an horse genmlly doea.
Siesin. See Skzing,
Sig, old unne ; in Samers, [Exmoor] dgg. Gent. Magaz. zvi. p.
407.
Sinder, t. to settle, or separate the lees or dregs ; Lewis. Quasi to
sunder. Said when a liquor dears with standing.
Sive^ a sive of cherries, 52 lb. ; two sives make one bushel.
Sizidng, yeast or barm. Suss, from the sound beer or ale make[s]
in worlang ; Bay. Lewis writes Seisin,
Skaddle. See Scaddle.
Skid, V. ' to skid a wheel, rotam sufOaminare ; with an iron hook
fastened to the axis to keep it from turning round upon the descent of
a steep lull ; Kent,' Bay. So Lewis.
Skittles. See Cailes.
Skivers^ s. pi. skewers. They sometimes say skivels, Gent. Magaz.
xvL p. 491.
Slajit, T. as, ' to slant a calf,' when the cow parts with it before the
time.
Slappy^ adj. slippery, thro' wet; Lewis. But this is general [Hardly
80 ; except in the form floppy, with the sense of wet.]
Slay-wattle, a hurdle made of narrow boards ; Lewis.
Slorry, a slow-worm ; or a blindtobrm, as they say in Derb,
Smack-smooth, adv. even with the ground ; as if a wood should be
totally feUU
Smickery, adj. uneven ; said of a thread, when it is spun.
48 peoge's alphabet of renticisms. [C. S.
Snag, [a slug]. ' A snail, Suss* Eay. But it b Kentish too. Lewis
interprets — a dew-snail, a snail witnout a shelL To sneg in Derh, ia to
posli with the horns, as an ox or bull does. And therefore the snag,
1 suppose, has its name from its horns. [On the contrary, the woras
snag and sneg are probably unconnected. Snag, a snail, is only a Tari-
ation of snake, of which the A.S. snoegd, now contracted to snail, is the
diminutiye.]
guying, adj. a stick or bat of timber ia said to be a snying piece, when
it bends or is somewhat curyed.
So, inter). * Open the door ; the window, so,* Le. the window, I
mean. [So = I mean, used only when a person corrects himself, is, or
was, yery conmion in S. Shropshire. Used thus — ' 'ui^s ten, so, eleyen
year old?— W. W. 8.]
Seal [soal], a dirty pond of standing water ; Lewis. [Dr P^ge also
has—] SoU, a pond, or pooL It enters into the name of eeyeral little
g laces which are called from the watering-place or pond thereat, SoU
treet. 'Besyde the watteringe-«o^ in thende (lo. ^e endj of
Yckhame Streete ; ' Will of Jno. Franklyn, rector of Ickham. [A.S.
ecH, mire.]
Sock, a cade. [Le. a pet ; a sockAsjsih b a pet lamb.]
Sodde, y. to suckle, as a calf.
Soil, filth and dirt in com ; as, the seeds of seyeial sorts of weeds, and
the like. ' SiU, filth;' Bay. «See Soal.
Soil, y. to soil horses, is to scour or i)urge 'em, by ^ying 'em green
meat, as tares green, cloyer, and the like. To soU milk, in Derh, is to
run it through a cloth, to cleanse it from hairs and dirt, just after
milking. [But the latter is Mid. E. sUe, to filter.]
Somer-land, ground that lies fallow all the summer; Lewis; and
Bay. [Kennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. s. y. Waredare, has —
' To plough up MLow-land in order to let it lie fallow for the better
improyement ; which ground, in Kefnl, we call summer-land*^
Sotly, ady. softly.
Spalt, adj. heedless; as a child is. Perhaps for »poiU,
Speen, the teat of a cow ; see Bay. Baxter's Gloss, p. 220.
Speer-worty, adj. the liyer of a rotten sheep, when it is full of white
knots, is said to be speer-worty. There's an herb called speer-wort,
which is supposed to produce this disorder of the liyer, and from thence
it has its name. [Great spear- wort, Ranunculm lingua ; lesser spear-
wort, R, flammula ; Johns.]
Spilled, pp. spoilt. And so the proyerb ; ' better one house filled
than two spilVd,* Sir John Dayies, pp. 36, 44, 112.
Spit, a spade ; Lewis's Tenet, p. 11. [It there seems to mean rather
the depth of a spade, which is still a common sense of the word ; for Lewis
says — * the mould or land is so shallow that it is scarce a spit deep.']
Spot, [a small patch of ground]. Hemp-haugh, a little place where
hemp is planted, an hemp-apof. See Haw, Little Spot, or Ly-/Spo<,
the name of a fjEum.
C. S.] peggb's alphabet op kenticisms. 49
Spry-wood, small wood; Lewis. From spray, no doubt [Rather
from, sprig; but it is much the same. CI A.S. spree a sprig or
spray.J
Staff. ' What a staff would you be at 1 ' a phrase like ' what a pox
would you be at ? ' resigning the party to ^e cudgel, as here to the
pocky oistemper. [Gt * wliSt the deuce.']*
Stalder, a stilling, or frame to put barrels on ; Lewis.
Stales, s. pi the staves or rises of a ladder ; or the staves of an horse's
rack. Li Derb, they call the handle of a broom or besom, the steil,
atealj or stale [steel, stail]. See Steals in Bay. [A.S. stela, a
handle.]
Stean, v. ' to stean a wall,' to build the sides with stones ; Ant.
Bepert p. 179. So in Derb, a stean-pot, Le. a stone pot.
Steep, Y. ' to gteep a stack,' i.e. to make the sides smooth and even and
to decline ^^radually, by raking of the loose parts. It is the use of it
as a verb, is peculiar ; otherwise you have steep, of hills.
Stew-pond, 'a stew : a pool to preserve fish for the table, to be drawn
and filled again at pleasure ; ' Bay.
Stilt, a crutch.
Stoat, Lat. puiorius ; a fomard in Derh. See Siurt.
Stoch, V. to poch ; said of cattle treading the ground when it is wet.
[See Poached in HalliwelL]
Stock, cattle of all sorts.
Stock, a trough ; a hog-trough. ' For a stock of brass for the holy
water, 7a. ; ' Fuller, Hist of Waltham Abbey, p. 17. 'Tis used for
birds, fowls, hoggs, &c ; because 'tis usually a stock of a tree, made
hollow. In Derb, tiiey use stone mostly, and call them troughs.
Stock, the back of the fireplace ; chimney-stock, the back of it ; Bay,
ed. 1674, p. 63. [Bay has — To Crock : Ess, to black one with soot or
black of a pot or kettle or chimney-stock, &c.]
Stock-log, the large piece of wood layd behind the rest of the fire-
wood. See above.
Stolt, adj. spoken of chickens, when they are brisk and hearty. [A.S.
stolt, firm.]
Stone, a weight of eight pounds.
Stone-reach, a tract in a stony field, where the stones, for a consider-
able way, lye incomparably thicker than in any other part of the field.
Sione-rees; Old Parish Book of Wye ; 4 Edw. vi.
Stout, adj. of great courage ; but in Kent they use it for strong ; a
strong- built man they mU. call stotU ; broad and strong. [The same
word as 8toU, q. v.]
Stow, Stove, V. ' Stow or stove ropes,' to dry them in an oven ;
Lewis^
Strand, one of the twists of a line, be it of horse-hair, or ought else ;
Bay.
4
50 PEOGE'S alphabet of KENTIGI8MS. [C. 3.
Strig, the foot-stalk of any froit ; petiolns ; Sum. Baj. [* A small
stalic, or young straight hranch, is in Kentf and other JPAitB, called a
atrig ; ' Kennett, Gloss, to Faroch. Antiq. s. y. Strakys. C£ Dutch iMk^
a knot, a leash ; Swed. itreck, a cord, a string.]
Strike-baulk, v. to plough one furrow, and leave another ; Lewis.
Stroke-bias. See the thing described in Brome's Travels, p. 264.
[The passa^ is quoted in Halliwell. It is something like pr%9oner^%
ooM.] It IS often cidled a running, Shak. has wrnnJtry-hojBt ; Oymb.
y. 3. 20.
Btuppin, a stew-pan or skillet ; Lewis. This is all [due to] pronun-
ciation.
Bturt, an animal of the polcat kind [I.e. a stoat]
Sullage, Suillagey muck or dung \ Lewis. But this is genoraL [Not
now.]
Sulling, a ploughland. Mr Agar, in Gale's Richm. Appendix No.
1, professes not to know the original of this word, which he says is only
found in that part of Domesday-book that relates to Kent ; but no
doubt it is sulhj aratrum. He agrees 'tis the same as hida and oanc*
cata^ Le. a ploughland. See this word suU very often in Somner, App.
No. zL ; Lewis^ Tenet, pp. 11, 106; Lambarde, p. 284; Soiimer,
Ports and Forts, p. 50; Gowel; Kennett; Spelmiairs Gloa pp. 619,
530; Somner's Gavellond, p. 117; &c. [A.S. nUung, from miZA, a
plough.]
Sum, V. to cast account, to learn arithmetic. So the French aommer.
Summer-land. See Somer-land.
Swab, v. ' to 8wah peas,' to reap them.
Swart, Swarth, adj. a dark green ; ' the wheat looks very stoarth*
The Gh)rmans call a [certain] wood Schwartz-trnMid, Hence swartkjf ;
Lewis.
Sweet-liquor, called wort in Derb. Wort is ale whilst brewing, ale
or beer before it be put in the tun or fat.
Swig, [a] suck or draught. * I took a hearty swig ; ' Lewis. [A.S.
swilgan, to swallow, swill, or swig.]
Swot, soot.
Taant, adj. tall, or too high for its breath or bigness ; ' a taant mast,
house,' &c. Lewis. [* The larger vessel was a very ** taunt " vessel ;
she had tall masts ; ' Tichborne Trial, in the ' Daily Telegraph,' Oct.
14, 1873.]
Tag. * Tagge, a sheep of the first year ; SussJ Ray ; and Lewis.
Tamsin, a little frame to stand before a fire, to warm a shirt or a shift,
or child's linnen. Tamsin, or Thomasin, is a woman's name, as if it
did the servant's business called bv that name. Otherwise, for
the same reason, it is called a maid [or maiden']. It is called not
only Tamsiny hut Jenny, Betty, Molly, or any other maiden name ; and
if it be very small, 'tis called a girl. So a MaUcin, So, because servants
C. S.] peggb's alphabet of kenticisms. 51
of that name used to do such business, you have Jack used in a great
variety of ministerial senses ; as, Jack to turn the spit, Jack to pml off
boots ; c7acA;-anapes ; c/a^Ar-pudding ; skip-c/acA; ; Jack^ a small pike ;
Jacky machine to load timber; Jack-d&w; Benj. Johnson [sic'] in
' Silent Woman ' calls a simple knight Sir John Daw ; Jack, a
measure, and Oillf another, according to the proverb, * never a t/ocA;
but there's a 6^7/,' which may either allude to those measures, or in
general, that there is no man so bad but there's a woman as
bad ; so, a more imperfect sort of a spit- Jack is called a OiU, and see
Will-Gill, c7acA;«, loops upon vestments ; c7acX>>adandy ; c/acA^among-
the-maids; c7'acX>>with-the-lantem; Jack-Siaa; Jack !Ketch, because of
an executioner once of that name ; c7a€A;-a-legs ; * Caw, Jack ' we say
to a jackdaw ; c7a€A;-fiddle ; Jack-tL-lent ; c^cA^a-green, name of a
dance ; a Jacky a small flag, a ship-boa[r]d ; Jack, a coat of mail, see
Cowel ; c7acA;-in-office ; c/ocA^out-of-office ; the knave at cards, tiiat is
the servant, is Jack, at All-fours ; cToAn-apple. How Jack comes to
be the familiar name for John I cannot imagine ; it should rather be
for Jacques, or James, which last has some uiing peculiar in it, for it
comes m>m Jacobus ; . . . 'tis as old as WicHfe, wihiess his New Testa-
ment. Jack is for any man, or on, as the French [say], in these in-
stances. ' All fellows, Jode and the Laird ; ' Bay, p. 858. Jock in
Scotch, is Jack, ' Qui aime Jean, aime son chien,' Bay, p. 126, for
' love me, love my dog.' A good Jack makes a good QxU ; Bay, p.
160 ; for which say me Scotch — ' A good yeoman makes a good
woman ; ' Bay, p. 359. ' Jack would be a gentleman if he could but
Boe&k French ; 'Kay, p. 160. Foor-jocA;, cod catched at Newfoundland ;
Jack, a kind of ginTt.e. engine], Flof s Staifordsh. p. 148 ; Jack of Hil-
ton, ibid. p. 433. See Menage, Orig. L. Gallic v. Peroquete,
Tan, bark, i.e. that which tans. Plot's Stafifordsk p. 382 ; Skelton,
p. 240. 'Tis the Fr. tan, bark; Plott in Gent Mag. 1778, p. 155.
Tar-gnuM. [Dr Pegge has a note about tares and vetches, and says — ]
the wild vetch is call'd tar-grass, which has something of the tare in it!
' The vida sylvestris sive cra^xa, the wild vetch or tar-grcus, is sown in
some places ; ' Plof s Staffordsh. p. 347.
Tasi-cntter, that utensil or implement with which they cut hay in the
stack. Tas, Gkdliod, is a heap, and tasser is to heap up. Tass there-
fore is the stack or heap ; i.e. of hay. Hence we have to toss, as when
we say, to toss or throw together in a heap ; and from that, toss comes
to sigmfie to throw or fling. An hay-toss is an hay-mow. Tassare
/cenwrn. Thorn, ooL 1863, iu)i glossographus, * tassare, in aoervum ez-
struere, ooaoervare, accumulare ; Belgis tassen, CkdUs tasser et entcuser ;
origo, ni flEdlor, a Sax. tas, i.e. acervus, cumulus, congeries, prsesertim
frugum et foeni' Somner's Gavelkind, p. 1 16. Taos, Chaucer's Knightes
Tale, 1007, 1011, 1022 ; and see Gloss. adM. Paris, v. Tasswn, ' Tas,
or tarse [taas], A.S. tas, a mow of com ; ' Lewis. And Kennett, in his
Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. has — ' Thassare, tassare. To lay up hay or
com into a tass, toss, stack, or mow, Lat. tiusa, tcusus, tassius. Sax. tas,
Fr. tas, , , ** Qui carectas non habuerint, a^juvabunt ad thassandum
bladum ; " voL L p. 543. '* Pro victualibus emptis pro factoribus
iassioTum prions xii d ; " voL ii p. 214. Hence a tassel or tossel, to
toss or toss, hay-<OM ; a mow of com in a bam is called in Kent the
toss, . . G. Douglas calls a wood-stack or wood-pile '* a tass of green
52 pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. 3.
stick." In old Eng. tacu was any sort of heap, as in Gliauoer ; and
Lidgate, TroiL L iv. c. 30 —
'* An hundred knyght[e]8 slain and dead, alas !
That after were found[en] in the toot"
Tatter, adj. (1) ragged; (2) cross, peevish, ill-natured. Lewis. [Lewis
adds the iUustration — * he is a very tatter man.']
Team, ^eiteam of pigs ; * in Derb. a litter. I suppose from to teem, or
bring forth. [A.S. tyman, to teem, propagate.]
Tedions, adj. acute, violent, very ; * tedious bad,' ' tedious good ; * cf.
* tedious haste,' — Othello, iu. 4. 175.
Teen, v. * to teen an hedge ' ; and, * a teened. hedge,' a hedge made with
raddles. * To tiney to shut, fence. Tine the door, shut the door, ab
A.S. tynan, to enclose, fence, hedge, or teen ; ' Bay, of Norl^ Country
words.
Tetaw, a ninny, a nisy (sic).
Them. * Them all well,' they are all well. See Am, [Contr. from
• they'm.']
Thick-thnmb'd, adj. sluttish.
Threddle, v. * to threddle a needle,' to thread it.
Thro, adv. fro ; * to and tJiro^^ to and fro.
Throt [throt], sb. throat ; which Mr Ray [E. D. S. reprint, p. 95]
ascribes to Sussex,
Tie, * to run a tie ; ' a tie is a pair, (So at Ptd, trick, trick, and tie,)
And there never runs more than two at once. From hence the running
itself is called a tie^ and a running ouce is called one tie, and to run
twice is two ties. When they run several together in that exercise
they have called Stroak-hias, that (as it were to distinguish it fironi
this) they term a running, I suppose 'tis called a tie from the parties
being tied, i.e. paired together ; Waldersharo tie. Old Wives Lees tie.
But perhaps tie signifies to run ; for * to ride and tie * is sometimes to
ride and sometimes to walk or run, as when in travelling there are two
people to one horse. [This explanation is obscure ; some light is
thrown on it by observing that a tie means, in Kent, a foot-race ^Hal.),
and we may accept Dr Pegge's explanation as shewing that it is only
applied to a foot-race of two, i.e. a * heat.' The expression * ride and
tie ' is commonly interpreted to mean that, when two people have one
horse, the first rides a certain distance and then dismounts for the
second to get up, so that they always tie, or keep together. Sir Dud-
ley Diggs, in 1638, left the yearly sum of 20/., * to be paid to two
young men and two maids, who, on May 19th, ^rearly, should run a
tie at Old Wives Lees, in Chilham, and prevaiL' The lands from
the rent of which the prize was paid were called the Running Lands,
Hasted's Kent, ii. 787.]
Till, adj. tamo ; cicur. See Tulle, Chaucer's Eeves Tale, 1026, and
Glos. [CI A.S. tU, fit, good, suitable.]
Tilt, Tilth, ordering land for sowing ; * he has a good tilth ; ' or, * his
land is in good tilth ; ' Lewis.
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. 53
Timans [teim-unz], s. pi. drogs or grounds, quasi teemings, what is
poured out of the cask, after the liquor is drawn o&. Lewis has timings,
[Lewis explains it by * grounds of beer.' It is from M. E. teerrif to pour
out.]
Tine, [a prong] of a harrow.
Tiptoe, an extinguisher. W. Kent
To, prep. Very commonly left out before the infinitive mood;
* When do you hegin reap f * So Dryden, * command me dye ; ' Lidian
Queen.
Toar, long coarse grass, as in fields that are understockt. And so
Lewis. Cf . Tar-grass, [Dr ^^gg^ writes Tore ; Lewis has * Toare,
grass and rubbish on corn-land, aJnber the com is reaped : or the long
four-grass (mc) in pasture-fields.']
Tofet * A tovet or to/et : } a bushel, Kent ; a nostro two, duo, et
fat, mensuram unius pecci signante, a peck' — Bay, and Lewis. The
word fat is used in the North for any wooden vessel, to contain
a fluid, as a cheese-fat ; the fat, in which beer or ale is workt before it
be put into the barrel ; and that wherein the tanners put the leather
and the bark. Now the peck is such a vessel. If it be said that fai
in that case must be an indeterminate quantity, please to recollect that
a barrel is a general word, but is a certain measure nevertheless ; a
tub is anything of that sort, and yet a tub of butter is a certain quantity.
. . . To/et is a word of very common use in Kent, and they keep a
to/et measure in their houses, as currentljr as a peck or a bushel, xou
have */ats of wine and oil,' Joel ii. 24, lii 13 ; and /oet is vas, Somn.
Gloss, in X Script, v. cU/etum, See * Keeve, Devon, a fat ; ' Bay ; and
Cowel, V. Fate, bee Fat in * Derbicisms.*
Tongue, V. ' to tongue a person,' to answer again, as servants do some-
times to their masters or mistresses ; to be saucy with the tongue in
such case.
To-year, adv. this year ; as to^ay is this day.
Tread, a wheel-Zreoc^, rut, tract [Le. track].
Trevet, a trivet ; a thing with three feet to set a tea-kettle or a sauce-
pan on.
Tmll, y. to trundle, per contractionem, Suss, Hay.
Try, V. [to boil down lard]. See Browsells.
Tub, a barrel. In other places, it means an open vesseL So the will
of Jno. Gk)dfrey of Lydd, 1572 — ' such tubba and drinking vessels as I
have.*
Tun, the great fat, wherein the beer is work'd before it be tunn'd or
cleansed.
Tnnnel, [a funnel] ; which in Derh. they call a tun-disli. Putting ale
into the barrel, in Derb,, is called tunning,
Toflsome, hemp, or flax. W. Kent,
Tut, a breast, or nipple of the breast ; as, ' the child cries for his tui*
54 pegge's alphabet of kenticisics. [C. 3.
No doubt 'tis a corraption of teai, ' Tetties, breasts, SamerseUh.* Gent.
Magaz. xvi. p. 408.
Twinge, an ear-wig.
Twitter, a fit of laughter ; ' he is in a mighty twitfer ; ' Lewis. [Cf .
titter.']
Two. ' My husband will be two men,' so different from himself , Le.
angry, that he wont seem to be the same x>er8on. So Oibby in The
Woman keeps a Secret, Act y. ; only Gibby speaks of two peraons —
* ye and I shall be iwa folks.'
TJnky, adj. lonesome. In Glot*c, unked is lonely. Seems to be a
corruption of uncoutK [This b wrong; for it is the A.Su tmetcyd,
silent, lonely.] See EUinge,
TJnthrom, acy. awkward, unhandy. [Cf. A.S. untrurn^ infirm.]
Up, adv. * look it up, Le. look it out. They use this word very need-
lessly, as, * to hide a thing tip,' ' to catch a person itp,* for, to hide it,
and to overtake him. So to heal up a sore.
Upward, adj. The wind is said to be upwardy when it is in the
north, and downvfard when in the south. I thii&k the north is generally
esteemed the highest part of the world. Confer Ceesar, Comment, iv.
28, where ' inferiorem partem insulse ' means to the southward ; et
V. 13, 'inferior ad mendiem spectat,' But one expression they nave
which I do not understand ; they will say ' the wind is out,* when it is
in the north.
Use, Y^ 'to use land,' to till it j as, ' he uses it himself/ i.e. he has it
in his own hands ; and, ' who uses this or that fSeum P '
Vast, adv. of small things ; as, ' it is vast little.' * Others of vcuHy
less importance ; * Pergfonal] Letters, No. 52.
Vig^ous, adj. vicious, of a horse ; also, fierce and angry.
Villers, the horse that goes in the rods ; oorrupted and contracted from
the wJieel'hoTBe, [Most decidedly not ; but the vill-horae, i.e. Shake-
speare's fill-horse (for thUl-hoTG/Q), No doubt pronounced — ^vil'urs.]
Vine. See Grape-vine,
Wag, V. to stir, move. Used on all occasions, and at every word.
Waps, a wasp. [Dr Pegge writes toJiaap,] Cf. A.S. tt^ceps.
Warp, four of a thing ; * a waTp of herrings.' Lewis.
Wattle, a hurdle. Lewis. But this is generaL
Wattles, s. pi. * made of split wood in fashion of gates, wherein they
use to fold sheep, as elsewhere in hurdles; Subs, ah A.S. wateku, crates,
hurdles.' Bay.
Wanr, sea-woor, or sea-wrack. Lewis. [A.S. foar, sea-weed.]
Weald. < The Weald of Kent,' the wood, or the woody part of Kent^
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 55
tho* at this day it is for the most part cxiltiyated. Sx>elman, Gloss, pp.
266, 562, 567. [N.B. Lily writes * the vn/lde of kent,* less correctly ;
Euphttea, ed. Aroer, p. 268.]
Went, a way ; as, ' at the four wenis,* i.e. at the meeting of the four
ways. So we have toerUf the past tense of go, Somner, Antiq. Cant,
p. 11. Sir Geo. Wheler, a Kentish man, has three wents ; Travels, p.
475. [In Somner, Antiq. Cant. ed. 1640, p. 20, we have ' at the meeting
of the four wente,* See the letters on this word, including two of my
own, in Notes and Queries, Srd S., xii 131, 198, 295, 384. It is some-
times pronounced venU, but only by would-be refined speakers ; not
by the peasantry, who retain the w. At Ightham, Seven Vents is the
name of a spot where seven roads meet. Cooper^s Sussex Glossary
gives both went and vent, and he instances Flimwell-ven^. Jiist as gate
(from the verb go) means a street in Old English, so went (from the
verb wend) means a lane or passage. ' A went, lane, vicultis, angipor^
tus ; ' Levms's Manipulus Yocabmorum, ed. "Wheatley, p. 66, L 8. J
Wet, V. * to wet a pudding,' to mix it. Significant.
Wet-foot, adj. In Derb, they say weUahod, In Isaiah xi 15 we
have dry-ehod,
Wheatkin [whit-kin], pronounct whtikin ; a supper for the servants
and work-folks, when the wheat is all cut down ; and so an Jtopkin is
the same for the ho]^ [Kennett, in his Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. 8.v.
Precaria, says — * This treat given now to the tenants and labourers in
Kent at the end of wheat-harvest, is called a wheUein ; but in these
Midland parts it is at bringing in the latest com, and is termed a
harvetit-htme^^
When, adv. as sb. ; ' another when* another time
Whicket for Whacket, or, quiiteefor quattee, i.e. quid pro quo, Kent;
Bay. [CI tit for toe.]
Whiewer, a sharp or violent man. Lewis's Tenet, in his Addenda,
p. 1 19 ; where he says — * Whiewer, from whiew, the noise made in
driving hogs.' ' He is a whiewer,* Le. he is a shrewd, sharp, or vio-
lent man.
While, ' a whUe,' a pretty long time.
Whilk, Whitter, v. to complain. Lewis. See Winder^ Witter.
Whilk, a periwinkle. See Kay, p. 54. [E. D. S. reprint, p. 73.]
Whirtle-berxies, s. pL bilberries ; Gibson's Camden, at the end of
Derbyshire.
Why, adv. In answering of questions in a rude sort ; * why, yes,'
' why, no.' ' Because why,* Le. because ; why being redundant.
Wid, prep, with ; so widotit, without.
Wiff, ' a wiff; a withe.
Wig, V. [to anticipate, over-reach, balk ?] The black dog had eat up
all before the white one came, whereupon 'twas said, the first had
vngg*d the last. [Cf. to ' give one a wigging,']
a week.
56 peoge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. 3.
Willgill [wil jil], a very expressive name for an hermaphrodite^ to
which it exacuy answers ; Will heing for the man, and OHl {with g
soft) for Gillian or Juliana, on the woman's part. In Derb, we had two
families tiiat wrote their names Oill, but one pronoonct the g hard, and
the other soft
Willow-gull, the first flower in April [of a kind of willow, probably
the Salix caprea,] that contains the farina fcecundant, Tis so called
from the down upon it resembling the yellow down of a young gos-
ling, which they call a guU or yoll, [Called in Cambt. gosling* or
lambs* 'tails,']
Winch, the handle whereby you turn round the barrel of a drawing-
welL
Wind [weind], y. a board shrunk or swelled, so as to be uneyen, is
said to wind ; and when it is brought straight again, it is said to be
out of winding. [The i is marked long.']
Winder, y. to whimper, as a child does when it is restless and uneasy,
but does not cry a full cry. [C£ to winnidcJ] See Whilk, Witter,
Windrow, sheayes of com set up in a row one against another, that
the wind may blow betwixt them ; or, a row of grass in hay-makinc;
Lewis. [Kennett, Gloss, to Paroch. Antiq. s. y. Ventilare, has — ' £i
Kent, the swaths of grass when turned and a litUe dried are cast into
wind-rows, to be fai&er exposed to the wind and sun.']
Wips, for wisp ; and by it they mean bundl'd up or thrown up on a
heap carelessly ; as, ' the deaths lie in atmM,* Le. tumbled in disorder.
[Dr Pegge writes whips, xmnecessarily. The spelling wips occurs in
the Bawunson MS. of Piers the Plowman, B. y. 351, footnote.]
Witter, y. to murmur and complain, as dissatisfied persons do. See
Whilk, Winder.
Workish, adj. bent upon work.
Worky-day, work-day ; * Sunday and toorky-day; ' the yowel inserted
to facilitate pronunciation.
Wrexon'd, pp. [coyered, oyeigrown]; *a garden is wrexorCd with
weeds.* [Dr Pegge suggests a connection with Somers. rexen,
rushes ; Gent. Maga. xyi. 407. Perhaps it has to do with A.S. wrigan,
to cover.]
Wrongs, to, ady. * not much to wrongs,^ i.e. things are pretty well in
order.
Wrongtake, y. ' to wrongtcike * a person is to take him wrong, to mis*
understand him. See Foreright,
Tar [yaar], adj. brisk. [A.S. gearo^ yare, ready.]
Yard. * A yard of land,' i.e. a rood. * A yard of wod,* costs 6a M.,
in Old Parish Book of Wye. Soo Lambarde, Peramb. p. 257. A yard
or backside is so called because it usually contained about a rod or a
yard of land. [Merely A.S. geard, in the latter sense.]
Taugh, adj. dirty, nasty ; as, ' it is all yaughJ [Pronounced yau 1]
C. 3.] pegge's alphabet op kenticisms. 57
Tawl, a ' Deal yawl,* a particular sort of a boat, in use at Deal. See
Baxter's Glossary, p. 96 ; yole, Hamilton Yoyag. p. 13. [So called also
at Lowestoft. It is the Danish /o/^; whence also /o/Z^-boat.]
Teld, V. to yield.
Tellow-liaininery the bird call'd in Derh. the yowl-ring. Littleton
ekt. Eng. Diet.) writes it Tellow-hamber, Guineas are called yellow^
8 in English sometimes.
Tenlade, or Tenlet; see Lambarde's Perambulation, ed. 1596, p.
257. [Lambardo has a good deal about this curious word, the etymo-
logy or which he entirely mistakes. Yet the whole passage is worth
quoting.
' Beda hath mention of a water in Kent, running by Reculuers,
which he caUeth GerUade, This name was afterwards sounded YerUade,
by the same misrule that geard is now yard, geoc, yoke, etc.' (This is
correct.)
* When I read in Bedaes . . fifte booke, chap. 9, that Beculuer
standeth at the Northe mouthe of the water Qtnlade, which is the one
mouthe of Wantsume, by his owne description : I suppose that by
genlade he meaneth a tiling yet well known m Kent, ana expressed by
the word Yenlade or Tenlet^ which betokeneth an indraught or Lilett
of water into the lande, out of- and besides the mauie course of the sea
or of a riuer. For that water, which now sundereth the He of Gh:«ane
from the hundred of Hoo, hath two such mouthes, or Lilettes, the one
of which opening into the Thamyse is called the North YenUt, notable
for the greatest oisters and flounders ; and the other, receauing the fall
of Medway, is called Colemouth : and neither of them standew in the
fall sweepe or right course of those riuers, but in a diuertide or by-
way. Such another there is also, lying south warde within the snmo
Medway, into which it openeth two mouthes, and thereof called like-
wise South Yenletj notorious also for great oisters that be dredged
thereaboutes. And euen such an one is the Yenlet at Beculuer, where
it openeth that wayinto the sea towardes the Northe, and hath the
other moutlie into Wantsume, or Stoure, as it is now called, towards
the Southe.'
The above suggestion, that yenld means an inlet, is just one of
those rash guesses that tend to make philology ridiculous. On Lam-
barde's own shewing, yenlet is not the original, but the corrupted form.
And the guess is particularly unhappy, because the true mecming
comes very much nearer to ouiiet. The A.S. genlade or genhlade means
a diachar^ng, or the disemboguing of a river into l£e sea, or of a
smaller nver into a larger one. More literallv still, it is a gain-loading
(i.e. an unloading), and derived from the vero Iddan or hlddan, to load
or lade. Colemouth does not ' receaue the Ml of Medway; ' but fisdls
into Medway itsell]
Yeoman. ^ A yeoman of Kent ; ' the degree under a gentleman ; a
person occupying his own estate in the way of husbandry or fiEmming.
See Lambarae, Peramb. p. 13 ; for the Proverb oonoemmg them, see
Proverbs, no. 1.
Tet, adv. used redundantly ; as, ' neither this nor yet that' Cf.
John iv. 21.
Yet-na, adv. yet ; as^ ' he is not come home yet-na,' [Here the suf-
58 peooe's alphabet of ksntioisms. [C. S.
fixed na if due to the preoeding noi; negative! irere oftan tJnif
reduplicated in old Engliuu]
Texle [yex'l], sb. an axle.
Yoke, a farm or tract of ground of an uncertain quantity ; it answers
to the Lai jugum. Gake's Tohe, name of a fimn in tiie paiish of
Cnindale.
PROVERBS RELATING TO THE COUNTY OP
KENT.
[The following Collection of Proyerbs was added by Dr Pogge to his
Collection of Kenticisms, to render his account of the proTindalisms
more complete. It is here printed from the autograph MS^ with
a few corrections, etc., as noted, and with a few additions by myself
which are distinguished by being placed within square brackets. I
haye also included seyen more, from Mr Hazlitt's * English Pro-
yerbs and Proverbial Phrases,' London, 1869. These are the ones
numbered 22, 27, 32, 49, 52, and 57.
As the Proyerbs are jotted down in the MS. without any
proper arrangement, I have arranged them in what seemed to me to
be the best order. Thus, Proverbs 1 — 12 all contain the word
Kent, and are in alphabetical order ; Proverbs 13—19 contain the
word KentisJif the substantives to which that ac^ective belongs
being in alphabetical order ; Proverbs 20 — 58 relate to jpiaeet in
Kent, also alphabetically arranged ; whilst Proverbs 59 — 72 are of
more general application. The reader who observes this may easily
find any Proverb at once. — ^W. W. S.]
1. A Knight of Coles,
A Gentleman of Wales,
And a Laird of the North Countree ;
A Yeoman of Kent
With ?iis yearly Rent
Wm buy *em out aU three.
* Coles hnightB were made in that voyage ^ by Bobert, earl of EaseoK,
' /. #. in the expedition to Cadiz, fonnerly called CaUt. See ' The Winning of
Galea' in the Percy FoUo MS., ed. Hales and FvmiTaU, iii^ 461.
C. S.] PROVERBS RBLATING TO KENT. 59
to the nnmber of sixty ; whereof (thou^g^h many of ffreat birth) some were
of low fortunes ; and therefore Qu. Eluabeth was half offended with ^e
earl, for making knighthood so common.
* Of the numerousness of Welch gentlemen nothing need be said, the
Welch generally pretending to ^;entility. Northern Lairds are such,
who in Scotland hold lands m chief of we king, whereof some haye no
great revenue. So that a Kentish Yeoman, by tne help of an hyperbole,
may countervail, etc.
'Yeoman, contracted for gemein-'meny^ from gemeiny 8i(
" common " in Old Dutch, so that a yeoman is a oommoner, one unc
with any title of gentility ; a condition of people almost pecufiar to
England, and which is in effect the basis of ail tiie nation.'— Kay ; Pro-
verbs (Kent),
* Better be the head of the yeomanry than the tail of the gentry ; '
Bay, 3rd ed., p. 118. [Gf.] the Scotch proverb, 'A good yeaman [sic)
maikes a good woman ' [p. 2801 ; and * the yeoman of uie guard ; ' which
shews that, though this word be now in a great measure confined to the
limits of Kent, one seldom hearing of any other than the yeoman of
Kent, yet it was once of more general use ; and it is notorious that there
are in no parts such wealthy fS&rmers, cultivating either their own estates
or very large takes from other people, as tiiere are in this county : scnne
having, in tiUa^, not much less tnan £1000 a year, and others tiie like
quanti^ in grasmg.
< All blessed with health, and as for wealth,
£hr Fortune's kind embraces,
A Yeoman grey shall oft outweigh
A Knight in other places.'
Jhnrfe^s Song,
[Hazlitt, in his English Proverbs, gives this in the form fol-
lowmg : —
' A Gentleman of Wales,
with a Knight of Gales,
and a Lord of the North Gountrie,
a Yeoman of Kent
upon a rack's Rent
will buy them out all three.'
He refers to Osbom's ' Traditional Memoirs of Q. Elizabeth,' circa
1650 (Works, ed. 1682, p. 367). The last three lines are given in the
form — < a yeoman of ^Lent, sitting on a peny rent, is able to buy all
three' — ^in ' Notes and Queries,' 3. S. ii., 144.]
2. A man of Kent, and a Kentish man.
[Left unexplained, as it well may be. The most probable solution of
the matter is tnat the two expressions are anonymous. Yet the current
idea is that ' a man of Kent ' is a term of high honour, whilst < a Kentish
man ' denotes but an ordinary person in comparison with the former.
See 'Notes and Queries,' 3rd S. viii., 92, where Mr G. Pryoe affirms
1 The etymology of ysomm is duq[mted. I refer the first syUabla to the A.S.
gd, a district (for which see Kcmble) ; and I find Mr Wedgwood is of the same
opinion ; in fkct, the Old Friesic gaman^ a riUager, is the same word. Gf • Genn. gem.
GO pegge's alphabet op kexticisms. [C. S.
that the men of West Kent are undoubtedly * Men of Kent,* while those
of East Kent are only * Kentish Men.' Again, in ' Notes and Queries,'
3rd S. yii., 423, J. F. S. claims that the phrase * Men of Kent ' should be
restricted to natives of the Weald of Kent. Disputants should note that
< men of Kent ' are said, in the A.S. Chronicle, aj). 853, to have fought
in Thanet ; whilst in the ballad of < William the Ck)nquerour,' in voL
iii. of the Percy Folio MS., ed. Hales and Fumivall, the men who came
from Dover and Canterbury are thrice called * Kentishmen.' Whence it
appears that the men of East Kent have borne both titles, and no doubt
the same may be said of the men of other parts of the county. The
phrases merely involve * a distinction without a difference.*]
3. As great as the devU and the Earl of Kent, (See Swift's Works,
XL, 287.)
[The reference is to Hawkesworth's edition of Swiff s Works, in 22
vols. 8vo ; or see Scott's edition, z. 475. The passage occurs in Dialogue
iii. of his * Polite Conversation,' and runs thus.
' Lady Smart. Miss, I hear that you and lady Coupler are as great
as cup and can.
' Lady AnstoeraU, Ay, Miss, as great as the devil and the Earl of
Kent:
It is clear that great here means thick, or intimate ; for a few pafies
previously, in Dialogue i., we have the phrase—* as great as two inkle-
weavers ; ' t. c, weavers of tape. Scott's note says — * The villanous
character given by history to the celebrated Goodwin, Earl of Kent, in
the time of Edward the Cfonfessor, occasioned this proverb.']
4. Fair Maid of Kent,
[/. e., Johanna, the wife of Edward the Black Prince.] Barnes,
' Hist, of Edw. m.', pp. 42, 456, 607, 618 ; who commends her for her
goodness as well as beauty. She was a patroness of Wicliffe, Barnes, p.
906. See also Dugdale, ii., p. 74.
5. Holy Maid of Kent.
[Elizabeth Barton ; executed April 21, 1534, by order of Henry VIIL
for exciting an opposition to his marriage with Anna Boleyn.] ^
' In the edition of this work contributed to the Archteologia Cantiana, I here in-
serted, from Hazlitt, the proYerb—
< Kent and Keer
Have parted many a good man and his mcer. '
Higson's MS. ColL, No. 104.
Here meer is put for mare, but I did not know the meaning of Keer. The Bev.
E. S. Tajlor, of Gotham Rectory, Kegworth, kindly sent me the following explana-
tion, which shews that the proverb is wholly unconnected with the county of Kent.
* The Kent and Keer are two rivers that empty themselves into the Bay of More-
cambe ; and, in consequence of the sudden rise of the tide in them, many a poor
traveller crossing the sands has lost both his own life and his mare too. The pro-
verb is well-known in that neighbourhood.'
C. 3.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 61
6. Kent ; red Veal and white Bacon.
White bacon is their pickled pork ; and they are apt to neglect the
well ordering of their calves, whereby the veal is ordinary enough;
especially compared with that on the other side the river, in tisaex.
7. Kentskirey
Hoot asfyre.
Tom. Heame's Lei. Itin., 5 vol., p. xxvi., ex MS. Thos. Bawlinson.
Of Kent's being called a ahyre^ see my Kent, p. 7. And this county is
remarkably hot on account of its chalk hills and chalky as well as gravelly
roads. [See Beliquise Antiquse, ed. Wright and Halliwell, i. 269, ii. 41.J
8. Lythe as Lass of Kent,
L c, gentle, lithsom, etc. See Percy's Songs, i., 284.
[Spenser has it too, in the Sheph. Kal. (Februarie), where he says of
a bull — * His dewelap as lyt?ie as lasse of Kent,* The passage in * Percy's
Songs * is in the poem of Dowsabell, by Michael Drayton, where, in
stanza 5, Dowsabell is said to be * lyth as lasse of Kent. ]
9. Neither in Kent nor Christendom.
[* Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome '] ; Spenser's [Shepherds^]
Calendar; ISeptember']. * ** That is," saith "Dr f'uller, "our English
Christendom, of which Kent was first converted to the Christian faith ; "
as much as to say as ** Bome and all Italy," or " the first cut and all the
loaf besides ; " not by way of opposition, as if Kent were no part of
Christendom, as some have understood it.' I rather think that it is to be
understood by way of opposition, and that it had its orig^inal upon
occasion of Kent being given by the ancient Britons to the Saxons, who
were then pa^ns. So that Kent might well be opposed to all the rest
of Eng^land in this respect, it bein^ pagan wnen all the rest was
Christian.' — Bay. See also Heylin, i., 265. Pursuant to this inter-
pretation, Mr Bay explains the Cheshire proverb— ' Neither in Cheshire
nor Chawbent ; ' that is, says he, ' ** Neither in Kent nor Christendome."
Chawbent is a town in Lancashire ; ' Bay, Srd ed., p. 236. Dr Fuller
and Mr Bay agree as to the sense, but they differ as to the figure of this
proverb. I incline to Dr Fuller's opinion, and I am willing to account
it a climax, rather than an antithesis, it being probably occasion'd, as a
multitude of proverbs are, by the jingle of the K and G; you have above
— * Neither in Clieshire nor Chawbent ; ' and see Mr Bay [1st edition P] ,
pp. 55, 225, 227, 239, 310, 338, etc. If this saying took its rise in Kent,
as is most probable, every county being given to specific and take notice
of themselves (Bay, p. 304), it puts the figure beyond dispute ; but if it
was taken up m London, or in any other of these southern parts, yet
Kent, being the nearest county with a C, and the only county in Eng-
land that begins with a C (sic) and is a monosyllable, we shall find no
reason to depart from this mterpretation.
To support the antithesis, Mr Bay thinks it had its origin from
Kent's bemg given, by the Britains, who were Christians, to the pa^^
Saxons ; but surely it can never be so old. It must have been, accordmg
to that supposition, a British proverb, which is scarce credible. Dr
Fuller brings it something lower in time, but not much, supposing that
62 pegoe's alphabet of kentioisms. [C. 3.
it was taken no after tlie kingdom of Kent waa oonTerted to ChiistianitybT
Aug^ustine ana his fellow-laDourers, but before the rest of the island iiaa
received the fedth ; in this case, it miffht be an An^lo-Sazon proverb.
But there being no ]>roof nor no probflkbilii^ of its being so very ancJent,
'tis more natund to imagine that it came mto use in later times, two or
three centuries ago or so, and that it was owinR to nothing else but the
gingle. A proverb of much the same sort as uiis, is that of •pidb-aiu^
8pan-new, ^ . . . The saying is used by Weever, p. 287—' the best wheat
in all Kent or Christendome ; ' and see Old Plays, zL, p. 316 ; Antiq.
Bei>ert, voL i., p. 165. There*s an allusion to it, p. 78 [of Antii}. Re-
port., voL i/], and 'tis there si^g^^ested that Kent is opposed to Ghzisten-
aom, and Kentishmen no Ohnstians.
[Bay is certainly all wrong here, and Fuller right. Kent is obviooslv
singled out as containing the metropolis (Canterbury) of all "RngliBii
Ghnstendom, and being fiamous throi^hout all Christendom for the
shrine of Saint Thomas. Mr Hazlitt gives a reference to Nash's Have
with you to Safibon Walden, 1596, repr. 1869» pp. 38, 39.]
10. ' ^ MicheU Mount who does noi know
That wardes the Westeme costs t
Atid of St Bri^ets Bowre, I trow,
All Kent can rightly bo<ute.
Spenser's Sheph. KaL Jtdye^ 41 — 44.
St Itnohael's Mount ; 'tis near Abergavenny in Wales ; AroluBoL, v.,
£. 35. But aa to 8t Bridget a Bowery I have en<}uired fA the aged Ihr
irett, and Mr Bull, and cannot learn that there is any one remarkable
hill in this cotmty so called; and I incHne to believe that the large and
long ridge of hills that passes east and west the whole length of the
ooun^, above Boxley, Holingboume, eta, is meant by this e3g[>reeBion.
[St liuchaePs Mount is near Marazion in Cornwall, and gives its name
to Mount's Bay; cf. Milton's Lycidas and Southey's poem of "St
Michael's Chair." The whereabouts of St Bridget's Bower is more diffi-
cult to determine.]
11. iS^ Tyhum of Kent.
In an Old Dialogue printed bv Wynkyn de Word, part whereof is
inserted for blank pages at the end of a copy of Bp Fox^s book Dt vera
differentia Regicd Potesiati$ et Ecclena$tic<B, belonging to the Bev. Dr
Thomas Brett, Imaginadon, one of the Interlocutors, says to Per~
uveratmctp
* Than sbolde ye bave many a sory mele ;
1 wyll ne?er gyre you mete ne i&yiike,' —
[and confirms this bv swearing] * by aaynt Tybume of Kent*
In the parish of St Thomas-a- Waterings, which is in Kent (as I
think), there was a place of execution ; Wood, Hist Ant., lib. ii., p. 842.
The coimterfeit Earl of Warwick was hanged at St Thomas Waterings,
15 Hen. VIE. ; HoUinshed and Hall, Hen. VH, t 49 b. Thomaa-a-
Waterinffs was the place of execution for the prisoners of the King's
Bench ; but then tnat prison being in Surrey, the place of exeouticni
must have been in Surrey too. Qusere therefore how this matter was yet
' Here Dr Pegge goes off into the etymology of that phraie.
C. 8.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 63
(nc) Stanley, Bp of Sodor and Man, wishes untrae writers * would
offer themselyes unto 8t Thomas Wateraan,* a corruption probably of
Waieringi; Memoirs of Stanley, p. 179. See Weever, pp. 56, 436, where
it is a place of execution A. 1541, tho' Tyboum was then in being. There
was two places of execution at London ; Old Plays, iii, p. 10. * He
swears by nothing but 8i Tyhome ; ' Naish, p. 24. Tyhum^ a general
name for places of execution ; Drake's Eboracum, p. 171. [' The Water-
ing of St Thomas, t. e. of the Hospital of St Thomas the Martyr, in South-
wark.' — ^Morley's English Writers, iL 310.]
12. Strong Man of Kent,
* In t tds p arish (St Laurence) was bom [William] Joy, who in Sing
William HXrd's reign, had sudi a reputation for very extraordinary
strength of bo^, that he was called the English Sampson^ and the
Strong Man of Kent, and had the honour done Imn of being ti^en notice
of by the king and royal feunily, and nobility of the r^alm, before whom
he performed his feats, tho' some attributed them to craft and slight. Li
1699, his picture was engraved, and round it several representations of
his performances, as, pulling against an extraordinary strong horse,
jumping^, sitting on a stool without touching the ^px>und, breakmff of a
rope which would bear 35 hundred^ weight, liftm^ a weight of 2240
I)ounds. He afterwards followed the infamous practice of smugling (wc),
and was drowned 1734.' — ^Lewis, Hist, of Tenet., p. 189. [Another
* English Samson ' was Thomas Topham, of Islington, bom about 1710,
died Aug. 10, 1749 ; see Chambers^s Book of Days, ii., 202.] Dr Pegge
also gives the reference — ^Wm. Joy, Tom Brown, L, p. 218.
13. il Kentish Agtte.
Take this county in ^^eneral, and it is, I believe, as healthy as most
counties in England ; 'tis preferable to many of them in this respect.
Dr H!arvey us'd to caU Folkstone the Montpellier of England, ana the
scituation {sic) of that place, beyond all dispute, is so good, that there is
no room to suspect that great man of partiahty to the place of his nativity.
But this hinders not, but there are some parts notorious for a bad air,
as Bumney Marsh for instance, which, as we shall see below, is the place
pointed out by the old saw, for having " Wealth, and no Health ; ^' see
Frov. No. 64. However it was not this tract that gave occasion for this
brand of infiuny, and made the Kentish ague so renowned ; but ratiier
the more northern parts, which, bordering upon the Medway and the
Thames, are flat and marshy, very low and very unhealthnill. And
whereas tiie road from London to Oanterbury lies chiefly through this
tract, having one river or the other almost constantly in view, this sickly
race of people are in the way of all passen^rs, who cannot £ul sometunes
of seeing them in the paroxism. This is now one of the most beaten
publick roads in England, b^g the great inlet into the kingdom firom
foreign parts. But there was a time, viz., when in the times of popish
ignorance and superstition the shrine of St Thomas at Canterbury was
in Buch repute, and pilmmages thither were so meritorious that, as
we are credibly informed, there were 100,000 strangers present at his
jubilee in 1420. See Mr Somner's Antiq. of Kent, p. 126 andapp. Now
people in their travels beyond seas, and in their visits to St Thomas,
saw no other part of Kent but this, where they beheld agues and aguish
64 pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. 8.
ooTintenances every mile, and therefore might well return with the im-
pression of an ague strong upon their minds, and might well annex it to
the idea of Kent But this is likewise become a metaphorical expression
for the French disease (see Mr Bay, p. 88 ; or 3rd ed., p. 69), which
it seems is also called the Goyent-^u*den ague, and uie &umwell
ague (Mr Bay, eodem loco). 'Kentish air;' Qarth's Dlspensazy,
canto iii.
■14. Kentish Cherries.
See Proverb 18. The triangular cherry in Kent, Dr Plot, in hiB
letter to Bp Fell, looks upon as a singularity. Oamden, coL 215, says
Kent abounds with cherries beyond measure, ' which were brought out
of Pontus into Italy 680 years after the building of Bome, and 120 years
afterwards into Britain,' etc. In the margin — 'Plin., L 15, o. 25,
cherries brought into Britain about the year of Christ 48.' [See also
Proverb 62.]
15. Kentish Coitsins,
The sense of this is much the same with that which 3rou have in Mr
Bay, p. 69 [3rd ed., p. 54] — cousins germans quite remov'd. This
ooimty being two-thirds of it boimded by the sea and the river, the in-
habitants thereof are kept at home more than they are in the inland
counties. This confinement naturally produces intermarria^;es amongst
themselves, and a relation once begun is kept alive and difltised from
generation to generation. In humane and generous minds, which have
always been the characteristic of this people, friendships and familiarities
once commenced, are not easily dropt ; and one needs not wonder that
amongst such, affinity may be sometimes challenged where the lines may
be worn out, or that the pleasantry of less considerate aliens shou'd make
a byword of an instance of such simplicitv of manners. It is observable
that antiently our forefathers mostly maae matches within their several
counties, which was certainly the case in this province, as is evident
from the genealogies.^
16. Kentish Longtails.
* Those are mistaken who found this proverb on a miracle of Austin
the monk, who preachinfi^ in an English village, and being himself and
his associates beat and abused by me pagans there, who opprobriously
tied fishtails to their backsides — in revenge thereof such appendants grew
to the hind parts of all that generation. For the scene of this lying
wonder was not laid in any paxt of Kent, but pretended many miles off,
nigh Ceme in Dorsetshire. I conceive it first of outlandish extraction,
and cast by foreigners as a note of disgrace on all Englishmen, though
it chanceth to stick only on the Kenti^ at this day. What the original
or occasion of it at first was, is hard to say ; whether from wearing a
pouch or bag to carry their baggage in behind their back, whilst pro-
bably the proud monsieurs had lacquies for that purpose ; or whether
^ [We miffht almost include here the expression 'Kentish fire,' which some-
times means, I believe, a kind of sustained and continuous applause. Haydn, in
bis Dictionary of Dates, bas the following article : — * Kentish fibk, a tenn
^?en to tbe continuous cheering common at tbe P^testant meetings held in Kent
in 1828 and 1829, with tbe view of preventing the passing of tbe Catholic Belief
Bill.'] o r -o
C. 3.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 65
from the mentioned story of Austin. I am sure there are some at this
day in foreign parts, who can hardly be perswaded but that Englishmen
have tails.
' Wh^ this nickname (cut off from the rest of England) continues
still entailed on Kent, the reason may be^as the doctour [t. e. Fullerj
conjectures — ^because that county lies nearest to France, and the French
are beheld as the first founders of this aspersion.' — ^Bav.
Dr Fuller no doubt has rightly rejected the miracle of St Augustin,
for the groundwork of this renection ; that fact happening, accordinjg; to
Alexander Essebiensis, in Dorsetshire, though Jo. Major the Scot brings
it into Kent. Lambarde, Peramb., p. 396.^
But surely the Doctor is hardly consisting with himself, when after-
wards he assigns this story conceminj^ Austin as a possible occasion of
it. It seems ne was yery doubtfull of its origin, and Knew not upon what
to fix it, unless [upon] {hat story, or a remote coxgecture concerning I
know not what pouches which the English might weare behind their
backs ; he supposes that at first this was a genenS term of reproach uiK)n
the whole English nation, though afterwards it adhered to the Kentish
men only, they being the next neighbours to France, * which is beheld
as the first founder of this aspersion.'
But, conjectures apart, Folydore Yirgil (Anglicse Historise, edit.
Basil., 1M6, lib. xiii., p. 218) exnressly lays the scene of a story, wherein
Thomas k Becket was concem'd, at atroud in Kent, that is brother-
german to that which Alexander Essebiensis tells of Austin in Dorset-
shire. I shall give you Mr Lambarde's version of that passage of
Folydore, in the Peramb., p. 396.^ 'When as it ^ppened him [>. e.
Becket] upon a time to come to Stroud, the inhabitants thereabouts,
being desirous to spite that good fatiber, sticked not to cut the taile from
the horse on which he rode, oinding themselyes thereby with a perpetual
reproach : for afterward, by the wm of Gk>d, it so happened, that eyery
one which came of that kinred of men which had plaied that naughty
Srank, were borne with tailes, even as brute beasts bee.' Here's foun-
ation enough in reason for a proyerbial sarcasm ; and Folydore, a tax-
gatherer of the popes, and not our neighbours the French, as is sug-
gested, was the founder of the assertion; and it appears from Dr
Fuller's testimony, that it was once currently belieyed and plentifully
used by foreigners. But a full confritation of this ridiculous feible you
may read at large in Mr Lambarde, in the place quoted aboye.
See Plot's Staffordsh., p. 331 ; and British Librarian, p. 369. A
general reproach on Englishmen; Matthew Paris, pp. 785, 790. Li
An^ia Sam, ii., p. 67, Parker, p. 578, it is ascribed to Augustine at
Bochester.
[The reference in Matthew Paris shews that the saying is far older
than the time of Folydore ; I must add that, in the old Bomance of
Bichard Ooeur de Lion, ed. Weber, ii. 83, is a remarkable passage in
which the emperor of Cyprus dismisses some messengers of Bichard with
the contemptuous words : —
* Out, taylardtj of my paleys !
Now 20 and say your tayled king
That I owe him no thing ! '
A taylard is a man with a tail ; the tailed king is Bichard L himself!]
1 Or edit. 1656, p. 432.
5
66 pegoe's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. S.
17. Essex stileSf Kentish miles^ Norfolk wUes, many men beguiles.
* For stiles Essex may well vie witli any county of England, it baing
wholly divided into small doses, and not one common fiela that I know
of in the whole countxy. Length of miles I know not what reason
Kent hath to pretend to ; for, generally sjpeaking, the fiuther from London
the longer the miles ; but for cunning m the law and wranglinff, JVbr-
/M men are justly noted ; ' Bay, p. 133. [Dr Pegge suggests uiat the
miles in Kent were once much longer than they are now, adding — ^
Stow reckons it but 55 miles from London to DoTer, and now it is noS
less than 75. Leland calls Wve but seven miles from Oanterbujry, and
now they esteem it full ten. l^rom Betshanger to Oanterbury, about 100
years ago, 'twas 8, in the next generation it was 10, and now it is sotten
to be 11 miles. . . . 8ed audiamus B. Talbot in Oomment ad Antonius
Itin., impresso ad finem tom. iii. Lei. Itinerarii, p. 139 — ' at ne interim
addun iUud quod nulliaria in Cantio Umgisaima flint, adeo ut in pro^
verhium eorum lon^tudo abierit;' et. p. 141 — 'milliaiia Ouitica sunt
omnium longissima in hao insula.'
*North£o1^ ful of wyles, Southf oik ful of s^les; ' Heame'sLeLItin.,
ToL y., p. xxyi, ex MS. The. Bawlinson. [Mr Hazlitt (English Proyerbsi
S. 119) says — 'An Essex stile is a ditch; a Kentish mile is, I belieye,
ke the Yorkshire way-hit and the Scottidi ^nile and a hittoekf a mile and
a fraction, the fraction not being yery clearly defined. As to Norfolk trt2et,
I should say that this expression is to be understood satirically, as Noifolk
has neyer oeen remarkable for the astuteness of its inhabitants, but quite
the contrary. See Wright's Early Mysteries, 1838, pref., xxiii., and jk 91
et seqq.' Perhaps, howeyer, uiere is reference here to the liti^ous
spirit which some haye attributed to the people of Norfolk. At any rate,
we must not forget that the phrase occurs in Tusser, who, in his yerses
on his own life, thus alludes to his marriage with his second wife, who
was from Norfolk : —
' For Norfolk wiletf so full of g^es,
Have caught my toe, by wiying so,
That out to thee 1 see ror me
No way to creep — *
where * thee * means SuffdUcJ]
18. Kentish Pippins,
Mr Lambarde, in the Peramb., p. 5 (edit. 1656), says — ' but as for
orchards of apples, and gardens of cherries, and those of the most
delicious and exquisite kindes that can be, no part of the realm (that I
know) hath them either in such quantity and number, or with such art
and industry, set and planted. So that the Kentish man most surely of
all other, may say with him in Virgil —
" Sunt nobis mitiu pon:a,
CastanesB molles." '
And again, in his accoimt of Tenham, p. 263 — * this Tenham with
thirty other parishes (lying on each side this portway, and extending
from Baynham to Blean Wood) be the Cherrie Garden, and Apple
Orchard of Kent. . . . Our honest patriote Bichard Harrys (fruiterer to
King Henrie the 8) planted by his great cost and rare inaustrie, tho
C. 8.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 67
sweet ChefriCf the temperate Pipyn, and the golden Iterutte . . . abont the
year of our Lord Onrist 15^,' eta Camden, ooL 215, saya, Kent
* abounds with apples beyond measure.'
19. ^ Kentish stomack.
I remember a gentleman of this county, who took his batchelor of arts
degree at Cambridge, being a student in St John's College there ; and
when he was askt the question, according to statute, * quid est abyssus P '
—answered * Stomachus Cantianus.'
The first I presume that chiefly oontributed to raise this reproach on
the Kentish men, was Nich. "Wood, concerning whom see Sir John
Hawkins' life of Dr Sam. Johnson, p. 141. Omerwise, as to my own
observation, I never could perceive tmit the people of this county wera
at all remarkable for gluttony.
Taylor, the Water-poet, was himself a great eater, and was very
near engaging with the above-mentioned Wood, ' to eat at one time
as much hlacK pudding as would reach across the Thames at any
place to be fixed on by Taylor himself between London and BiohmondL'
—Ibid.
20. Naughty Aahford^ surly Wye,
Poor Kennington hard by.
We have in Mr Bay several of the like short descriptions in yerse,
concerning places in omer counties ; but this, which relates to this pro-
vince, he has omitted. It is very pithy and significant, but for the
exposition of the particulars at large, I must refer you to the History of
the College of Wye.^
21. J/you*U live a little while,
Go to Bapchild ;
If you*d live long.
Go to Tenham or Tong.
These two last lines contradict No. 53, wherefore I suppose 'tis banter.
Bapchild is indeed a bad and unhealthy situation, [it is acyaoent to
Tong, which adjoins Teynham.]
22. As old as Cale^hiU (Kent). — Clarke's Parcemiologia, 1639.
Cale-hill is also the name of a hundred, which contains Fluckley,
Charing, etc.
23. A Canter.
A small easy gallop, which I presume [is] so called from the city of
Canterbury, as some here in Kent will often call it ; as if it was a pace
much us'd bythose who in former times went in pilgrimage to the fiunous
saint there, Thomas i Becket
[Mr Hazlitt, in his English Proverbs, p. 4, has— ^'^ Canierhury
Gallop. In horsemanship, tiie hard gallop of an ambling hone ; pro-
> This Hiatory, by Dr Pegge, is in manoBcript, in the Gough ooUection in the
Bodleian Library.
68 pegge's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. S.
bably described from the monks riding to Oanterbnir upon ambling
horses. — ^Eider's Diet. qu. by Brady (Yaiieties of literaiarey 1826}.*
This is the true etymology of canter,}
24. Canterbury bells.
Canterbury brochia.
The former are mentioned by John Fox, in Martyr, i. p. 698, and
mean small bells worn b^ Pilgrims [rather, fastened to the trappings of
mlgrims' horses] in their way to Canterbury. For the latter, see
C^ucer, p. 595 ; T. Warton, p. 455. A hroche is properly a bodkiii, but
means more generally often a trinket or anything yaluable. [The ex-
pression * Canterbury brochis ' is not in Chaucer, out in the anonymous
continuation of the Canterbury Tales ; see Chambers's Book of Days, L
338, 339.]
25. A Canterbury TclU,
See Lily's Euphues. [Hazlitt, English Proyerbs, p. 4 — ^has ^ A
Canterbury story ; i.e. a long yam ; supp<Med to be deriyed from Chaucer's
feunous series of Tales.' In Fuller's Worthies, ed. 1662, n. 97, we find
— ' Canterbury Tales. So Chaucer called his Book. . . . £ut since that
time, Canterbury Tales are parallel to FdbulcB Milesias, which are
charactered nee verce nee verisimiles^ meerly made to marre precioua time,
and please fanciful people. Such are the many miracles of Thomas
Becket ; ' etc.]
26. Canterbury is the higher Eackf but Winchester is the better
Manger,
* W. Edington,* Bp of Winchester, was the authour of this expression,
rendring this the reason of his refusal to be remoyed to Canterbury,
though chosen thereimto. Indeed, though Canterbury be graced with
an higher honour, the reyenues of Winchester are greater. It is appli-
Langham succeeded him in the metropolitical chair ; and ttma it seems
this sordid prelate did not enjoy the manger he was so attacht to long
after this.
27. Canterbury is in decay,
God help May.
Lottery of 1567 (Kempe's Losdy MSS, 211),
28. Cantuaria Piece (redondans).
In Somner^s Antiquities, p. 170, edit Battely, we haye this account.
* Certain old yerses made in commendation of some cities of this kingdom
singular in affording some one commodity or other, commend of Canter-
bury for her fish ; wherewith indeed, by reason of the sea's yidnity, as
Haunsbury hath long since obseryed, her market is so well supplied, as
none that know the place will think the poet flattered her. The yerses
are in the margin ; ' and there they run thus —
^ Mr Hazlitt has— ' Dr Langton ' for * W. Edington ; ' a oorioos miaprint.
0. 3.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 69
Testis est Loodon ratibus, Wintonia Baccho,
Herefordeque grege, Worcestria huge redandans,
Hatha lacu, Sarumqne feris, Cantaaria pisce.
A great part of the fish was wont to oome from Whitstaple, and
the present fish-market was more antiently call'd the WhiMaple
market,
[The Latin yerses may be found at length in Henry of Huntingdon,
lib. 1.]
29. For company, as Kit went to Canterbury,
When a person goes any whither for no reason at all, and it is asked,
* what did he go for P ' the fleering answer is — ' for company, as Kit went
to Canterbury ; ' alluding to some particular person of that name, I sup-
pose, who was always r^idy at eyery turn to go everywhere and with
every body that ask'd him. [Mr Mazlitt, in nis English Proverbs, p.
135, has — * For want of company, Welcome trumpery ; ' which is doubt-
less to the same effect.]
30. Smoky Charing.
[Ghaiing is near Ashford.]
31. If you would goe to a church mis-went.
You must go to Cuckstone in Kent.
— * Or very unusual in proportion, as Cuckstone church in Kent, of
which it is said — *'if you would goe," etc' — Dr Plot's Letter to Bp
Fell, in Leland, Itin. ii. p. 137.
[Mr Hazlitt, citing Halliwell, says — ' So said, because the church
is '' very unusual in proportion." ' It refers to Cuxton, near
Bochester.]
32. Deal, Dover and Harwich,
The devil gave his daughter in marriage ;
And, by a codicil of his win,
He added Hdveot and the BriU,
This satirical squib is equally applicable to many other sea-ports.—
Bay.
33. Deal Savages, Canterbury Parrots^
Dover Sharps, and Sandwich Carrots,
Gkurdeninif first used as a trade at Sandwich ; Harris, p. 63. [Mr
Hazlitt, in his English Proverbs, has — ' A Dover shark and a Peal
savage.']
34. A Dover House,
[I.e. a necessary house, as Dr Pegge says in the Glossary.]
35. As sure as therms a dog in Dover,
That is, as another adaee has it, * as sure as a gun.' The two (f s ia
dog and Dover, have oreatea this trite saying.
70 PEGGE'S alphabet of EENTICISlfS. [C S.
36. Dover, a Den of thieves.
Dr Smollett, Tray. p. 6. [' Dover ia oommonly called a den of thieyee,'
6mollett*8 TrayelB through France and Italy ; Works, yoL yiii., p. 4 ;
ed. 1872.]
37. A Jack of Dover?
* I find the first mention of this proyerb in onr English T«ipT>iii«,
Chaucer, in his Proeme to the Cook —
« And many a Jack ofJ>over be had sold.
Which had been two timet hot, and two times cold."
* This he (Dr Fuller) makes parallel to cramhe Us coda; and ap-
pliable to such as {;rate the eares of their auditours with ungr atem l
lautoloj^ies of what IS worthless in itself; tolerable as once uttered in
the notion of noyeltj, but abominable if repeated.' — ^Bay. See the Gloss .
to Chaucer.
[Mr Hazlitt says, in his English Proyerbs — * A Jack of Dover ; i.e. a
sole ; for which Doyer is still Mlebrated. There was an old jest-book
witii this (no doubt then popular) title, printed in 1604 and 1615.
Whether Chaucer meant by Jcik of Dover a sole or a dish wanned up
{rtchauffi) it is rather difficult to say.' Probably the latter.]
38. From Banoick to Dover, three hundred miles over,
* That is, from one end of the land to the other. Parallel to that
fioripture expression — * * from Dan to Beersheba." ' — Bay. fin Professor
Child's edition of British Ballads, yol. y. p. 327, in the Ballad of Lattle
John and the Four Begsars, occurs the line — * In Barwick and Doyer, and
aU the world oyer.' A similar Baying is — * From Doyer to Dunbar,'
which Dr Pegge has noted below. The poet Dunbar uses the expression
— * all Yngland, fr^m Berwick to Kalice (Calais) ; ' see Specimens of
EngUsh, 1394—1679, ed. Skeat, p. 117.]
39. From Dover to Dunbar.
Antiqu. Bepertory, yol. L p. 78.
40. Wlien ifs dark in Dover,
*Tis dark all the world over.
41. A North-east Wind in May
Makes the Shotver-men a Prey.
Bhoiver men are the mackarel fishers, and a North-east wind is reckon'd
at Dover a good wind for them. Their nets are called Shot-nets.
> Before thia Dr Pegge bas inserted — * Dover-eourt, all speakers and no hearers ; •
which Bay interprets * of some tnmultaons Court kept at Doyer.' But he rightlj
adds that the proverb is misplaced, and refers to Dovereourty near Harwich, in
Essex. ^ Further on he inserts a passage from * Old Plays, yi. p. 323/ about * Dover's
Olympicks, or the Cotswold games.' Bnt this also has' no reference to the town of
Dover, since it obviously refers to Robert Dover, an attorney, who in the reign ot
James I. * established the Cotswold games in a style which secured general applause; '
see the whole account in Chambers's Book of Days, i. 713.
C. 3.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 71
42. Feversham (or Milton) Oysters.
These are both places in Kent, and not yexy far distant. The
oysters dredged at one or the other are equally good, and they are now
esteemed the oest the country afforda Oisters, like other things, have
taken their turn. In JuTenal's time the oisters of Bichborow shore were
famous: —
* BntnpinoTe edita fondo
Ostrea ; '
Sat. iT. 141, 142.
Mr Lambarde, p. 259 [ed. 1596], commends the north and south
yenlet ^ for producing the lu*gest oysters.
43. To be married at Finglesham Church,
There is no church at Finglesham ; but a chalk-pit celebrated for
casual amours ; of which kind of rencotmters the sayine is us'd. Quaere,
in what parish Finglesham is ? [Finglesham is one ofthe four boroughs
in the puish of Northboume, or Norboume, which lies to the west of
Deal See Hasted's Hist, of Kent, iy. 143.]
44. Folkgtone Washerwomen.
These are the white clouds which commonly bring rain.
45. Rumhald Whiting,
Harris, p. 125. For this, see the Glossary. [It is placed here, as
referring to FoUuUmeJ]
46. Fordwich Trouis.
' Et simul dassis secunda tempestate ao fiuna Trutulensem portum
tenuit; ' Tacitus, Yit. Agricolee. This Fortus Trutulensis was a station
for the fleet ; BcMitus Bhenanus suggests that it was the same with Tor-
tus Butupinus, and Sir Henry Savil tells us, that some read Bhutupensui
for Trutulensis, which yet I suppose is only a gloss, reoeiy'd, in some
copies, into the text. It is thought to have been called Trutulenns from
the trouts, truicey which then might probably be yery eminent in this
road, as they are at this day in the stream or riyer mat runs into it ;
Harris, p. 378. The excellency of the trouts in the Stour, especially
that part which nms by Fordwich, is celebrated both by Camden and
Somner ; and I suppose they continue to be as good as eyer ; for a noble
lord has of late caus'd himself to be made mayor of Fordwich for
the priyilege, as is supposed, of haying now ana then one, Somner,
p. 25.
47. Frindsbury dubs,
Lambarde, ed. 1596, p. 365; Harris, p. 128.
[The story in Lambarde, p. 396 (edit. 1656), is to the effect that a
1 TenUt or Tenladi^ Le. estuary. See the Glosiary, which exphuns where these
eftuaries are situate.
72 peqqe's alphabet of kenticisms. [C. S.
skinniBh once arose between the monks of Bocheater and the brethren of
Stroud, wherein the latter, who had hired some men from Frindsbury
armed with clubs to help them, gave the monks of Bochestera
severe beating. * And thus out of this tragicall histoiie arose the byword
of Frendsbury cltibs, a tearm not yet dean forgotten. For they of
Frendsbury used to come ^rearly after that upon Whitson-Monday to
Bochester in procession with uieir dubs, for penance of their fault,
which (belike) was never to be pardoned whilest the monks remained.'
See also Brand's Popular Antiqmties, ed. Ellis, L 246, who quotes from
Ireland's Views of the Medway, to the effect that ' a sine^ular custom
used to be annually observed on Mayday by the boys of Fnndsbury and
the neighbouring town of Stroud. l?hey met on Bochester bridge,
where a skirmish ensued between them. This combat probably derived
its origin from a drubbing received bv the monks of Bochester in the
reign of Edward L,' etc. See the whole passage.]
48. IJet him set up shop on Croodwin sands.
' This is a piece of oountrey wit ; there being an aequivoque in the
word Ooodtvin, which is a surname, and also signifies gaining wealth ; '
Bay, p. 72. [Dr Pegge adds some passages which help but liUle, chiefly
from Somner, Ports and Forts, p. 21, who combats the current opinion
that the sands were caused by an inundation in the year 1097, and pro-
poses a later date. See Proverb 58. Mr Hazlitt explains flie phrase of
oeing BhipwreckedJ]
49. Oreenmch geese.
L e. Greenwich pensioners. See Brady's Varieties of Literatoie,
p. 53.
50. TJie Vale of Holmsdale
Was never won, ne ever shall.
* This proverbial rhythme hath one x>art of history, the other of
prophecy. As the first is certainly untrue, so the second is frivolous,
and not to be heeded by sober persons, as neither any other of the like
nature ; ' Bay, p. 336, who places this saying to Surrey. Mr Lam-
barde, in the Peramb. of Kent, edit. 1596,' p. 519, writes this old saying
thus: —
* The vale of Holmesdale
Neuer wonne, nor nener shale,'
and gives us the meaning of Holmesdale in the following words. ' This
(viz. the castle of Holmsdale in Surrey) tooke the name of the dale wherin
it standeth, which is larg^ in quantity, extending itselfe a great length
into Surrev, and Kent also ; and was, as I conjecture, at the first caUed
Holmesdale, by reason that it is, for the most part, conuallis, a plaine
valley, running between two hils, that be repleme^ed with stoare of
wood : for so much the very word, HolmesdaU, itselfe importeth. And
so in the title of that chapter, ** Holmesdale, that is to say, the dale be-
tween the wooddie hills." It must be confess' d, that this interpretation
agrees perfectly with that part of this vale which lies in Kent, being that
valley wherein Westerham, Brasted, Sundrich, Chevening, Otford, etc,
* Or, edit. 1656, p. 574.
C. 8.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 73
are situate ; but I am in some doubt whether Jiolme signifies a toood; for
Jiolm, according to the Remains [i.e. Camden's], p. 117, edit. 1637, denotes
'* plaine grassie ground upon water-sides or in me water." In the North
of England the word hoim is very common in this sense, both by itself
and in composition. **Hulmtu, AngUs, Danis, G^ermanis, hotm; locus
insularis, insula amnica, etiam marina; nam quse in Baltico mari
sita est insula majuscula, Bom-holm appellatur. Holmes etiam did
animadverto depressiones humi, planicies, plurimis riyulis et aquarum
diyortiis irriguas : "' Spehnan.*
Mr Hay disputes the truth of the historical part of this Proverb, but
we read enough in Mr Lambarde to shew that there are grotmds enough
for it, and that however fond and idle it may be as a prophecy, yet it
wants not a foundation in history. ' In this dale, a part of wmdi we
now crosse in our way to Sennocke, the people of Kent, oeing encouraged
by the prosperous sucoesse of Edwarde the king (the sonne of Alfirede,
and commonly sumamed Edwarde the Elder) assembled themselves, and
^ve to the Danes, that had many yeeres before afflicted them, a moste
fiharpe and fierce encounter, in whidi, after long fight, they prevailed,
and the Danes were overthrowne and vanquished. This violorie, and
the like event in another battaile (given to me Danes at Otforde, which
standeth in the same valley also) begate, as I gesse, the common byword,
as amongst the inhabitantes of this vale, even tiU this present oay, in
which they vatmt after this manner —
'< The Yale of Holmesdale,
Neuer wonne, nor neuer shale ; " ' Lambarde, aa abore.*
51. He that rideth info the Hundred of Hoo^
Besides pilfering Seamen^ shall find Dirt enow.
* Hollinshed the historian (who was a Kentish man) saith, that ILjo
in his time was nearly an island : and of the hundred of Hoo, he saith
the people had this rhime or proverb ; ' etc. Harris, p. 154. [This
peninsula lies between the Medway and the Thamea]
52. Long, lazy, lousy Lewisham.
This proverb has been preserved rather by the alliteration, than its
being founded in truth. — Ray. [I believe there is a local tradition that
the epithet was conferred on this place by King James I.]
53. He that trill not live long.
Let him dwell at Muston, Tenham, or Tong,
^ And tbia Kentish Tale, besides the ri?er Derwent mnninff throngh the midst
of it, has a multitude of spring and bournes issuing out at we foot of those two
ridges of hills, on each side of it ; and by means of uiem and the riyer, it is in sun«
dry places very wet and marshy ; and such moist places, overgrown with alders,
they call mowrt, (N<fU by Dr Pegge.^
' This proverb no doubt refers slso to the old story about the success of the
Kentishmen in resisting William the Conqueror, and preserving their old customs.
But this >tory, however commonly believed by the people of Kent, rests on insufficient
proof. See tSreeman's Old £ng. Hist for dhildren, p. 344. And, for the story of
the Kentishmen's resistance, see the baUad of * Wuliam the Conqueror/ in the
Percy FoUo MS. iu. 151.
74 PEGGI 8 ALTflABKT OF nomCXQIS. [CL S.
W6 Mn imWi l f d to Mr LanlMidp far flat, who o a m thiilm Ini c3Mytor
of TedkoM wi^ wKjukg — 'ToodmgiBbmtkktytiltnM^tmai^siMtawn^ta^
Am ragkai tkere^Kiat, jvn maj be admoiuflhed bj liia
of the ooontne, KDgiii^ tins; '
54. Abrtib^lmiilZe.
Mr Baj, p. 312, mmtUamnx flomeplMeefiBiMinifar sood ale, amongrt
tiM net has ' Xorthdown in the Ue of ThaneL' YidB Ijewk^ Hiat of
Tenet, p. 134 ; lord LytteUaa, m. p. 299; Baixinstan, p. 372.
55. A BoeheaUr parlum,
Le. two torn lanorigi, and what NatozegaTe. Groae^B flaMical BksL
of the Ynlgar Tongue.
56. Cansdenee is drowned in Sandwiek Bojf, or HavoL
A story they hare there of a woman's wanting a groat*s worlh of
mackareL The fisherman took her groat, and bad her take aa many aa
ahe wonld for it. She took soch an onconeaonahle many, that, pro-
Tok'd with her imreaeonahleneeB, he cr]r'd — ' is that yoor oonsciepce ?
then I wiQ throw it into the sea.' 8o he threw the pence into the water,
and took the fish from her. Henoe came it to bia commonly aaid, —
' Consdenoe is drowned in Sandwich hayen.' *
57. Starv'eniy Bob'm^ and (Jlieafm. — Kent
Strond, Bochester, and Chatham. — ^Bay.
58. Tenterden steeple the cause of Goodwin Sands.
* This prorerb is used when an absurd and ridicnlons reason is giTea
of anythine in question : an account of the original whereof I find in
one of Bp Latimer's Sermons in these words. [Then follows the well-
known quotation' about tbe old man who remembered that J "before
Tenterton steeple was in buildine, there was no manner of talking of any
flats, or sands that stop't up the haven ; and therefore, I think that
Tenterton steeple is the cause of the decay and destroying of Sandwich
haven.'' Thus far the bishop; ' Bay, p. 272 ; or p. 212 of edit 1768.
The vulgar notion of this proverb is, thiat Tenterden steeple, being built
by an Archbishop of Canterbury (whose property those sands were when
they were terra firma, or at least, upon whom it was incumbent to main-
tain the dykes and walls for the deience of them) at that instant, when
that tract of dry ground was in danger of being overwhehn'd by the sea,
the good man went on with that building, to the prejudice of those low
g'ounds ; which, through that neglect, were entirely and irrecoverably
St. Tou have here now a mechanicsl account how the steeple was the
cause of tbe sands, if you will believe it, and are got a step further than
* Here I had inserted, from Mr Hazlitt's English Pro?erhe, the following :—
* Stwtrey by the way, Now a grange, that was an abbey. Kent,* But tiiere is no
such plaoe m Kint ; the allusion is clearly to Saltrey or Sawtrey abbey, SmU9.
See Dugdale's Monasticon, t. 522.
' Printed at length in Haslitt's English Proverbs, p. 438.
C. 3.] PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 75
the old man's information carried yon. However, weliave from this old
man's acooun t the precise time of the beginning of this saying, yiz. in
Henry Ylll.th's time, that great man, Sir Thoa Moore, being the person
who IB [in Latimer's sermon] called Mr Moore ; and also the precise
time of the emergence of these sands * whereby you may resohre Mr
Somner's doubts, and set Mr Twyne, Mr Lambarde, and others right
in the matter. [Here follows a long and dull quotation from Somner's
Ports and Forts, p. 25, which refers the formation of the sands to a
supposed inundation in the time of Henry L Mr Hazlitt quotes the
proverb in the form following :
* Of many people it hath been said
That Tenterden steeple Sandwich haven hath decayed.'
Lottery of 1667 (Eempe's Losely Papen, 1886, p. 211).]
See Lewis's Hist, of Tenet, p. 9 ; Sir Edward Derins^s Works, p. 130.
' Hie petrifying waters .... of Tenterden steeple in %ent, fbr wnich it
is no less famous than for being the cause of Grodwin 'Bands; ' Dr Plofs
letter to Bp. Fell ; Leland, Itin. ii. 133.
59. As a Thorn produces a Rose, so Godwin "begat Editha.
Harris, p. 416 ; Bapin, voL i. p. 131, notes.
60. At Betshanger a Gentleman, at FredvUe a Squire,
At Bonington a NoUe Knight, at . ... a Lawyer,
Lawyer is to be pronounced Xy^r, as is common now in some
counties. This relates to the worshipful family of the Bois's, of which
four several branches were flourishing at once at those seats hero
mentioned.
61. Bad for the Rider, Good for th* AMder,
Perhaps this is not appropriate to Kent onlv, but the badness of the
roads in tne Weald of E!ent and Bumney marsh, together with the rich-
ness of the soil in both tracts, has made it verv common in the Kentish
man's mouth. It seems they have a saying o^ this sort in French, ' bon
pais, mauvais chemin ; ' Bay, p. 47 (p. 36, ed. 1768), who 'vnrites the pro-
verb above in an uncouth, rnimuHJcal manner — * The worse fortheBider,
the better for the Bider.'
62. Cherries : If they blow in April,
Tou*ll have yourfUl;
But if in May,
They'll all go away.
But, tho' this may be so in general, yet in the vear 1742 it was other-
wise. For, tho' it was a backward spring, and uie trees were not in
bloom till late in May, I had a great quantity of White and Black Hearts.
[See Proverb 14.]
63. Fogge's Feast,
This is an antient saying, when any accident happens at an enter-
tainment. For it seems, at a dinner made by one of tne family of Fogge,
76 pegge's alphabet of kentioisms. . [C. 3.
the servant threw down the yenison pasty in oominff oyer a high *}
hold. He bad his ^ests not to be concerned, for were was a piece of
boil'd beef, and a dish of pease ; but the dogs fell upon the beef, and the
maid buttering the pease flung them all down.
64. Health and no Wealth ;
Wealth and no Health ;
Health aiid Wealth.
Thus Mr Bay — ' Some part of Kent hath health and no wealth, yis.
East Kent ; some wealth and no health, viz. the Weald of Kent; some both
health and wealth, yiz. the middle of the country and parts near London.'
Mr Lambarde, takking occasion to quote this obseryation, in his chapter
of Bomney (Peramb. p. 200, edit. 1596 ; or p. 211, edit 1656) expounds
it differently from Mr Bay. * The place [ie. Bomney marsal Eath in
it sundry yillages, although not thicke set, nor much mhabited, bicause
it is hyeme malua, autate molestuB, nunquam bonus ; evill in winter, grieuous
in sommer, and neyer gpod, as Hesiodus (the olde Poet) sometime saide
of the countrie where ms father dwelt And therefore yery reasonable
is their conceite, which doe imagine that Kent hath three steps, or de-
grees, of which the first (say they) offereth Wealth witJumt HeaUh : iho
second giueth both Wealth and Health : and the thirde affoordeth Health
onely, and little or no Wealth, For if a man, minding to passe through
Kent toward London, should arriue and make his first step on land in
Bumney marshe, he shall rather finds j^ood grasse under foote tiban
wholesome aire aboue the head : againe, if he step ouer the hilles and
come into the Weald, hee shall have at once the commodities both etBli
et soli, of the aire, and of the earth : but if he passe that, and climbe the
next step of hilles that are betweene him and London, hee shall haue
wood, conies, and com for his wealth, and (toward the increase of his
health) if he seeke, he shall findeybni«m in agro lapidoso, a good stomacke
in the stonie fielde.' According to this accotmt, the matter stands thus.
Health and no Wealth, the N.W. parts of Kent ; WeaUh and no Heatth,
Bumney marsh ; Health and Wealth, the Weald ; which seems to me the
most rational, and the truest in fact ; especially if it be remembered,
that such general obseryations as these are not to be taken uniyersally
or understood in a rigorous strictness. Mr Bay is certainly wide of the
mark, and it may be obseryed that, as Mr Lambarde puts it, it should
seem that this old saying originally regarded and took its rise from a
progress or passage through uie county in a direct road from Bumney
marsh to London, and not firom the seyeral parts of it as they may m
Eickt out here and there. Mr Camden, col. 215, expounds differently
rom all. ' The inhabitants, according to its scituation, firom the Thames
southeward, distinguish it [Kent] into three plots or portions (they cidl
them degrees ') ; the upper, lying upon the Thunes, they look upon to be
healthy, but not altogether so rich; the middle part to be beta healthy
and rich ; the lower, to be rich, but withal unhealthy,'^ because of the w^
marshy soil in most parts of it : it is howeyer yery fruitftd in grass.'
65. Justice Nine-holes,
Bef erring to Smarden, in the deanery of Charing, Harris says — in
^ So Lambarde, abore. — Note by Dr Pegge.
' Bumney marsh. — ^Note by Dr P^gge.
C. 8.]
PROVERBS RELATING TO KENT. 77
his Hist, of Kent, p. 285 — * In this church, as Fox takes notice in his
Acts and Monuments, fol. 971, and in the jear 1558, which was the last
year of Queen Mary, one Drayner, a Justice of Peace, made use of the
Bood lofb, which tlien was stcmdine here, to place spies and informers
in, in order to take an account Mmo did not duly perform the Popish
Ceremonies ; and that they might discover this the oetter, he made for
them nine peeping-holes in the loft ; and because he was so severe, and
punished such as did not conform, tJie people hated him, and e;ave Iiitt^
the name of Justice Nine-holea ; and that expression is still retamed as a
mark of contempt in this county.'
66. Neghe aythe selde,
and neghe eyth gdde ;
and fif pond far the were,
er he bicome healder.
[In Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, edit. 1656, ]p. 650, in an Old French
Oha^r of Gkivelkind, temp. £dw. L, it is explamed how a tenant who
has forfeited his tenancy may regain it bv paying a fine, ' sioome il est
' wer,' ere he become tenant. The * wer ' is the man's own value or
price, as explained in Bosworth's A.S. Dictionary, etc.]
67. Se that hir toende,
Se hir lende.
[Also : — 8i ]hU inotdewe,
8% ia Zeuedt.]
[In Lambarde's Peramb. of Kent, edit. 1656, p. 645, in an OldFrendb
Chuter of Gkivelkind, temp. £dw. L, it is explamed that a widow is en-
titled to half her husband's lands and tenements, but forfeits these at
once if she ceases to be chaste ; in which case she must be maintained by
her betrayer ; < dont il est dist en Kenteis : se >at hir wende, se hir
lende ; ' Le. he that tumeth her about, let him lend to (or maintain) her.
See Proverb 68. Mr Scott Robertson kindly sends me a proverb
firom ' Consuetudines Kanciffi,' in the Queenborough Statute-book, about
A.D. 1345, relating to the above-mentioned privilege of a widow. It runs
thus — ' Si l^at is wedewe, si is leuedi ; ' i.e. she that is a widow, she is a
lady. Bi tor «Ae is an old Kentish form.] ""
68. [T7ie'\ Father to the Bought
And the son to the Plough,
* This saying I look upon as too narrow to be placed in the family of
proverbs ; it is rather to oe deemed a rule or maxime in the tenure of
Gavil-kind, where though the father had judgment to be huig'd, yet
there followed no forfeiture of his estate ; but his son might — a happy
man according to Horace's description— ;pafema rura hohua exercere suis.
Though there be that expound tms proverb thus—'* the Father to the
bough, i.e. to his sports of hawking and hunting, and the Son to the
plow, i.e. to a poor nusbandman's condition." ' — ^&y, p. 104 ; (p. 81, ed.
78 peqoe's alphabet or kenticisms. [C. 3.
17d8). This last must be looked upon as but a secondary and borrowed
sense of the old rhyme ; for originaUy it respected only that privilege of
Gay el-kind [which] Mr Bay mentions, and accordingly it took its rise
from thence. See Ijambarde's Perambulation, p. 550 ; or p. 635, edit.
1656. [Bay's second su^;e6tion is wroxig. The sense is put beyond all
doubt by tne charter in Old French whidh Lambarde prints, ^ere it is
explained that, if the fSeither be attainted of felony ana suffer death, the
esukte (in gayelkind) does not escheat, but goes to the heir, who * les
tiendra per meames les seruices et oustomes sioome ses aunoestres les
tyndront : dont est dist en KenteLs : )»e fader to fre bou^^ and pe son to
)4 plogh.' See English Cyclopaedia ; art. QayeUdnd.]
69. To ccut water into the Thames.
* That is, to giye to them who had plenlry before ; which, notwith-
standing, is the dole ^neral of the world ; Bay, p. 324 ; (p. 253, ed.
1768). ^Dr Pegge clamis this for Kent, as boundmg the Thames. 1^
proyerb is allu<^ to in Piers the Plowman, B. xy. 332.]
70. The ducks fare wLl in the Thames.
This Mr Bay has, p. 130; (p. 100, ed. 1768). [Claimed for Kent, as
m the case of No. 69. So also might be added a proyerb cited in Bay,
p. 72 ; or p. 56, ed. 1768.]
71. To come out of the Shires.
This is a proyerbial saying relatiye to any person who comes from a
distance. And the groimd of it is that the word Bhire is not annexed to
any one of the counties bordering upon Kent, which are Sussex, Surrey,
Middlesex, and Essex; so that to come out of a Bhire a man must
necessarily come from beyond any of these neighbouring proyinoes.
72. TeUow as a Peigle.
The Peigle is the cowslip, verhascvlum. See Bradley's Country
(i.e. bleak, pale) as a paigle ' as a Northern proyerb.]
Besides the aboye, I find in Dr Pegge's MS. the following notes,
etc : —
To eit in Jack Straw^a place. [Unexplained.]
An Eastry flower, A double crown on an horse's head ; meaning, I
suppose, a recommendation to an horse at Eastry fedr. A corruption for
an ostrich feather, which the coimtry people cau ostrey or eastry. [One
at least of these explanations must be wronc;*]
All-fours. * A game yery much played m Kent, and yery well it
may, since from thence it drew its first original ; ' Complete Ghunester,
1674, p. 111.
SURREY PROVINCIALISMS.
BT
GRANVILLE LEVESON GMDWEB, Esq.
[A List of Surrey Provincialisms was contributed to Notes and Queries, 5th
Series, toI. i. p. 361 ; and some subsequent additions and corrections appeared in
the same, p. 617. It has since been very considerably enlarged by the author, and
is here printed (in its new form) with Mr LeTcson (Power's kind permission, and
has been rerised by him for the £. D. S.]
With reference to the subject of local dialect, to which attention was
directed in Notes and Queries, 4th S. xiL 279 and 341, 1 venture
to give the following Hst of words still in use in this part of
Surrey, very few of which will be found in Halliwell's Dictionary^
but all of which I have myself heard used in conversation by the
country people. They are now almost confined to the old people,
and from the nearness to London and increased flEu^ilities of travel,
will ere long become obsolete. For this reason they seem worthy
of being placed on record, I may also here observe that the phrase
' as the saying is ' is constantly added parenthetically in the sense
of 80 to say ; e,g. '1 was going along the road, as the saying is*
To ' keep on the move ' is expressed by to ' keep all on going.' A
shrewd, far-sighted man is described as a man with such 9, forecast
to him. A deaf man is always ' hard of hearing.' Mrs is pro-
nounced Miss; gate, geeat [gi'h't] ; put^ like but [put] ; surely has
a strong accent on the last syllable ; dame is the title of an old wo-
man ; mate [mai'h*t], the usual address among persons of the same
80 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
class ; while squirey once uniyersal as the title of a landed gentle-
man, has almost disappeared, and is only used by the old people.
' Labour is very comical just now * was the expression used to me
by an employer, but it is rather an imported than a strictly
Surrey word. Most of these Surrey words, possibly all of them,
may be current in Kent and Sussex ; at any rate, they are forcible
and expressive ; and if they are doomed to extinction, they will be
missed from our local vocabulary.
GRANVILLE LEVESON GOWER.
TiUey Place, OoditoM.
Abroad, scattered, lying about Hay or com that has not been
raked tofi;ether is said to be lying all tMbroad, HaUiwell — ' Abrode,
spread abroad (North).'
Aooonnt, use, value. ' He 11 never be much account,* i, e, he will
never be of much good. Cf. 'Thegentlenianmaybeo^^roa<''acamn<'''
rBen Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, Act iV. sc. vii); and 2
Uhron. iz. 20.
Adle [aid'l], pronounced also ercUe [urd'l], adj. weak, shaky ; said of
a fence &e posts or pales of which have become loose. HaUiwell
gives the word ' Adle, unsound, unwell (East).'
Afeard, afraid* So Spenser (Faerie Queene, B. iv. C. iiL xxxi) —
< Who halfe affeard
Of th' uncouth sight, as he some ghost had scene.*
Agin [ugin*], prep, against. ' To run agin * any one is to meet him.
It also signifies hard by, or dose to.
Agreeable [agree'u'bll, a^j. willing, inclined ; ^. ^. ' I ast 'un to come
along of us, but he did n*t seem noways agreeable.'
Ails [eilz], s. pi. beards of barley. HaUiwell gives it as an Essex
word in this sense, and barley-AatJ^ as the spears of barley (South) ;
hoiU in Dorset,
Akering [aik-uring], pres. part coUecting or picking up acorns. Pigs
when turned out in the autumn <are said to be akyring, HaUiwell
gives ' akyr, an acorn.'
All, adv. quite, fuUy. 'It's aU ten year agoo,' meaning, ten
years and more.
Allow, V. to consider, be of opinion. ' They alloiP him to be a reg'lar
business man,' t. e. they consider him to be a good man of business.
Am, for are ; used in the first and third persons plural. ' We am,*
* They am.* With similar perversity ' I are,' * I were ' are commonly
used.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 81
Amendment, pronounced mendmcni, a dressing of manure. A field
that is poor or run out is said to want mending. Halliwell gives tjie
-woid as dung or compost laid on land (Kent).
* Salt earth and hitter are not fit to sow
Nor will he tamed or mended hy the plough.*
Pryden, Oecrp, ii. 11. 324-5,
Amost, adv. almost; pronounced most. Most times, or most in
general, is the phrase for almost always, generally.
Andirons. See Brand^irons.
Anywhen, adv. at any time. (Common.)
Appeal to, V. to approve of ; e,g,^ How do you find the whiskey
suit you ? * * I appeal to it very much.'
Aps, the aspen tree. So in Halliwell.
Arbitrary, adj. pronounced arhitry ; used of persons who are very
independent, impatient of restraint, wilfuL Con£
* Then they are left defenceless to the sword
Of each unbounded arbitrary lord.*
Bryden, Abtalom and Aehitophel.
Argify, V. to signify. * It don't argify much which way you do it,'
1. e, it does not matter much. Halliwell gives this meaning under
argufy,
Arter, Arterwards, for after, afterwards. So in the old nursery
rhyme of Jack and Jill, where arter is made to rhyme with * water.'
Ash. See Ersh.
Awhile, more commonly Awhiles. 'Not yet awhile,* i,e, not
just yet.
Bait, the afternoon meal in haymaking or harvest time. Halliwell
gives it as the morning-meal, but that in Surrey is called the Elevefier
or Beever. In Norfolk the afternoon-meal is called Fourings or Four,
Four o'clock, a meal at that hour (North) ; Halliwell.
Bannick,^ v. to beat or thrash. I have known a mother say to a
cluld^ * 111 give jou a good hannicking, or else I *11 tell your father to.'
HaUiwell gives it as a Sussex word in this sense.
Barm, yeast ; called also * rising.' ' Eerme of ale or other lyke ; '
Prompt, Parv,
* Old af I am,
I think my brains will work without barm*
(Beaumont and Fletcher, Hum, Lieut. , Act II. sc. iil)
Bastard-JEdlow [baa*stud-fol'ur], a term of husbandry used of land
which has been partly fallowed, but off which some green crop has
been taken before it is sown with wheat ; and so distinguished from
what is called a ' whole-foller.'
^ A writer in N. and Q. (5 S. vi. 56) eives twenty proTincialisms for ' to thrash/
but among them the three words in this Glossary, y\z, * bannick,' ' fight,' and
'jacket,' do not appear.
6
82 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C 4.
Bat, a term of husbandry. The coupling-^/ is the stick or piece of
wood which in working a pair of harrows is put to keep them apart.
* A.S. Batt, fustis; * Prompt. Parv. p. 26, note 5.
Bavin, a kind of faggot such as bakers uso ; it differs from a sprays'
faggot in that all tho roup:h ends are cut off or tucked in, and that it
is more neatly dressed. Halliwell describes it as a brush-feggot, pro-
perly bound with only one withe, whereas a faggot is bound with two.
That distinction, however, does not hold good in these parts. * It [i.e.
tho beech] is good for fuel, billet, havin^ and coals.' (Evelyn, Silva
and Terra, I 136 and 262.)
Bay, (1) the division of a bam or other building; (2) a pond-head,
where tho water is kept up to drive a mill, or for ornamental purpos^
- So Ilalliwell. It is used also as a verb ; to * bay up ' or * bay bock' is
to confine or dam up water.
Be, for are. To tho question * Where he you * the answer is invari-
ably, * Here I are' As a prefix to verbs it is very generally used.
Bear-bind, the convolvulus major, or bindweed.
Bean Eeynolds, tho name for the fox. ' Mus Reynolds ' in Sussex,
This word is doubtless a corruption of the French * r§nard.' Hunting
being formerly exclusively the pastime of the noble, he seems to have
stamped a Norman-French name on the object of the chase.
Beazled, pp. tired out. * Tliat young mare [meerl was properly headed
after tho^ journeys in the coad-team.' naUiwell gives it as a Sussex
word, fatigued.
Bee-bird, the French magpie. See Jack-baker,
Bee-hackle, the straw covering placed over a bee-hive. See HacJcle,
Beleft, pp. of believe. See under Best.
Bell-wind, or Wire-weed, the hedge convolvulus, called in Sussex
milk-maid and Old maiCs night-cap.
Bents, the long coarse grass in a crop of hay when it is ripe, or which
is seon in autumn in a nasture-field. So Halliwell. When a field is
full of it it is said to bo benty.
Best, V. to make a sharp bargain with, or take undue advantage of.
A man said to mo, of an outgoing tenant who had sold him a very in-
ferior stack of hay at a high valuation, *I never could have belofb
ho would have bested us so. Its converse * worsted' is still in every-
day use, and tho kindred word * hotter' for *to improve.' 'You
will not ** bettor " it' is the constant phrase for you will not improvo
upon it. * Was nothing ** bettered," but rather grew worse' (Mark
V. 26).
Bettermost, pronounced hettamy [bet'u'mi]. People of the npi>er
class are spoken of as ' bettamy kind o' folks.'
Biddle, a wooden mallet. A * aUike-hiddle * is that which is used for
driving stakes, a long or dumh-biddle for cleaving wood. The latter
has two rings at the end to prevent the wood from * spalting ' (i.e,
splitting), as the owner explained to me. The Prompt. Parv. gives
* botyllo, malleus, malleolus; ' and Evelyn (Silva and Terra, i. 280) uses
. C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 83
the word. *0f box are mode {inter alia) beetles, tops, tables,* &a
Sec poatea — * deaf as a beetle/ 8.v. Deaf,
Bide, V. to stay where it is. ' You let that ladder bide,' i, e. don't
you move it. ' I sh*ant bide long/ I shall not stop long.
Bilboes, the wooden divisions of a cow-stall, into which the cows*
heads are fixed and secured as in a vice. Halliwell gives it as a
wooden piece of machinery used for confining the head of sheep. No
better explanation of this word can be given than that of Boaiimont
and Fletcner {The Wild-goose Chase, Act I. sc. ii.) —
* For 'tis a kind of bilboes to be married.'
It is a Spanish word, so called from Bilboa. In "B^oed^B Shakespeare,
vol. xviii. p. 345, a figure of bilboes taken in the Spanish Armada,
still preserved in the Tower, is given.
Bish-milk, the first milk given by a cow after calving. No doubt
a corruption of the A.S. * beost' See Prompt. Farv, in vorbo * Beest-
nynge,' p. 33. Food-milk (Sussex).
Bitten, inclined to bite ; used as an adjective.
Blare, or Blear, v. to bleat or bellow, as of animals that are discon-
tented or hungry. To ' blare about' is a common expression.
Bleat, cold, bleak. So Halliwell.
Blobtit, a tell-tale, a prattling fellow.
Blunder, a loud noise of something falling.
Bly, a likeness ; or resemblance. So HalliweU. * He faoaurs so and
so ' is, however, the more usual expression.
Bodge, a small scuttle-shaped basket of wood, such as is used by
gardeners, or by persons to carry ashes to the ash-pit.
Boffle, a blunder or confusion.
Boffled, pp. confused, rendered stupid ; lit, baffled. A fox that has
been repeatedly headed and prevented from making his point is said
* to be regularly boffled,*
< Should I see my friend
* Baffled, disgraced.'
(Beaomout and Fletcher, Wit at several Weapons, Act T. sc. i.)
(N.B. Baffled was an old term of heraldry, used of a'disgraced knight)
Bonnds, phr. 'There's no bounds to where he'll be got by this
time * is a common phrase, meaning ' it is impossible to say where he is. '
Brandirons, otherwise Andirons, s. pi. the dogs of an open fire-place
such as are common in most farm-houses in the district, which sup-
port the irons upon which the wood is burnt. Also, andirons; and
so Halliwell.
Brave, adj. large, fine, of animate or inanimate things. A large, well-
fatt^ animal is a ' brave beast.' Sir Walter Scott uses the word in
the sense of sleek, well to do {Kenilworth, Chap. iiL) — * But how brave
thou be*est, lad.' * And so attending him to his Tent, where a brave
84 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
dinner being put upon his table ; ' [Life of Lord Herheri of Cherhury,
p. 102, 4 ed.) * In nne a goodly hrave cathedral become no better than
a den of thieves and plundei-ers ; * (Somner, Condition of Canterbury
Cathedral, 1660, Arch, Cant., vol. x. 96.)
Broke. A fall of timber is called a broke.
Broken, pp. in the sense of becoming disused or obsolete ; e. g, a
word, if uncommon, is said to be * summut of a broken word.*
Bnuwy, adj. said of a tree -which is rough, and has short boughs.
(Compare Fr. broussailUa, brushwood ; Froissard (11. iii. 124) usee the
word brouasia. In Berry, a Midland County of France, the word
breussea or brussea is still heard. Diez thinks these forms are kindred
to High German burat, bruata ; Mod. Germ. bUraU^ brush. — ^H. Gaus-
seron, in N, and Q,, 5 S. i. 434.)
Brut, V. to nibble or eat the young shoots off. Said especially of
sheep or cattle, that nibble imderwood. * From the casual rubbing and
poisonous bruiting of cattle and sheep.' (Evelyn, Silva and Terra^ i.
103, et alibi,)
Bmttle [brutll, adj. brittle ; always so pronounced. (Spelt Iruiel
in Piera the Plowman, B. viiL 42.)
Bnnoh, a swelling, when it is soft and yields to the touch; when
hard and permanent, it is called a ' callua.*
Bury [ber*r*i], a rabbit-burrow. See Flam. *In diversis Buries
cuniculorum suorum ibidem.' (Court Boll, Titaey Manor, 24 Eliz. 1«^2.)
Burster, pronounced bvsfer pbust'ur], a drain under a road to carry
off water. In a Court Boll of the Manor of Titsey in Latin, 30 April,
1641, 1 find * Cursus aquae AngUcd vocatus a buratow,*
Busy, V. to employ, keep occupied ; e. g. * I throws the beans to the
pig just as they be, and it busiea him to open them.'
Buzzly, adj. pinched, short, as opposed to full, plump. * I doubt we
shan't get many apples this year, the blossoms comes so buzzly ^liko^ so
blackified.* N.B. This habit of adding ' -ified ' to the end of words is
very common. DuUified, Froatified, Mainijied, Cloddifled, and many
others I have hoard.
Byste [beist], a temporary bed made up of chairs for a child to sleep
on in the day-time. Halliwell gives it as one used by hop-driers and
maltsters. I have only heard it used of a child's bed.
Call, occasion, reason. So Halliwell. * You 've no call to do so and
so ' is a very common expression, signifying no occasion or nocessity
for it.
Callus, a hard, permanent swelling. See Bunch.
Camber, v. an expression used by carpenters. "When the edge of a
piece of wood is curved or rounded off, they say it cambera. HaUiwoU
gives * cam&er-nose, an aquiline nose. — Jimius.'
Cant, a division. Its diminutive is cantel. A corn-field is divided
into canta or separate slips for reaping ; and similarly, underwoods,
; when sold on the stem to different purdbuasers, are sold in canU. Cf.
\
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 85
tho cantons of Switzerland. Halliwell gives Cant^ to divide; Tusser,
p. 278. * Cloth of siluer and crymsyn veluot kanteled together ; * (Hall's
Chronicle^ 6 Hen. VIII.) See Prompt, Parv, in veroo CanteL In
Beaumont and Fletcher (The Queen of Corinth, Act 11. sc. iv.) oc-
curs —
* Do you remember
The eantU of immortal cheese you carried with you ? '
the note on which is * Cantle, a small piece of anything ; Chantel, Fr. ;
QtMiitulumy Latin.' [Of course it has no connection with quanttilum,
but is the Low Lat. cantellus, the diminutive of caHtua, a corner; cf.
G. kante, Swed. kantf a comer. — ^W. W. S.]
Cant, V. to upset. So Halliwell. Usually * cant up/ or * cant over.'
In Norfolk, to txint is to set anything up on edge. {Prompt. Parv, in
verbo cantel.) This word is connected with the word above.
Casualty [cash'alti], a chance crop, or one taken out of its proper ro-
tation ; also a very indi£fbrent crop is * a cashalty crop.' A caahalty
colt is where the mare has stolen the horse, and so of other animals.
Halliwell gives * caselty, uncertain.'
Catohy, adj. of weather ; showery. Called a ' following-time ' (East).
Caterways, Catering, adv. used of crossing diagonally. So Halliwell.
Cawsey, a causeway. Presentment that John Hayward, farmer,
had incroached upon the highway from Tyttesey to South Green, by
making a pavement, Anglice a cawsey , by means of which the road
had become much narrowed. {Visus Franc, Pledg. Titsey Manor, 28
Sep. 1611.) John Gainsford of Crohurst Gent in ye year 1681 caused
a Stone Causie to be made from Crohurst Place to Crohurst Church.
{Par, Reg, Crowhurst, Surrey,)
Cavil [cavl], the chaff and refuse of com after threshing. Halliwell
gives * caving ' as a word used in the same sense in the East of England.
Champer, pronounced chamiper [chaamp'ur], A harley^hainper
is an instrument for cutting off the oeards (or ' ails ' as they are called)
of barley.
Chastise, v. Kot in the sense of corporal punishment, but to repri-
mand, scold, and sometimes merely to advise.
' For he fro vices wolde faim ay ehattiss
DiBcretiy as by word and nat by dede.'
Chaucer, The Mofikes Tale, 1. 13423 (Sixtozt, B. 369o).
Chavocky, adj. stony, gravelly. Soil is said to be ciiavocky when
there are loose stones or gravel near the surface.
Chimbley, chimney. So Halliwell
Chucket, V. to cough with a short dry cough.
Chucks, 8. pi. largo chips of wood. Called * chats ' in the Cotswold
dialect.
Chucky, adj. dry (I). A man said to me this year of my wool,
' The wool seems so dry, so cAtM^r^-Hke.'
Clamp. ^A clamp of bricks' is a number of bricks prepared for
/
86 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
burning. So Halliwoll. It is an extempore and imperfect sort of
brick-kiln.
Cledgy, adj. wet, sticky, of ground. Land is said * to work so
cUdijy: ilaUiweU (Kent).
Clivers, s. pi. the surface-roots of a tree, shmb, or plant.
Clung, adj. cold, damp ; best expressed perhaps by clammy.
Clutter, V. * Tlie mare cluttered out of the box all at once and fell
dead,' i. c. ran confusedly, hurriedly. * Cluttered up ' moans all in a
heap or confusion. Compare — * Cltidairy a heap, pile,' and * Cludeirw,
to heap, to pile ; ' Spurroll's Welsh Diet.
Come, i. e, at the return of such and such a time ; e, g. * He '11 have
bin hero ten year, come next Michaelmas.' (Lit. when next Michael-
mas comes; 3 p. s. imperatiye.)
Contrary (with a long) [kontrairTl], adj. cross-grained, disagreeable.
The accent is placed on the second syllable. So the nursery rhyme—
* Mistress Mary,
Quite contrary f
How does your garden grow ? '
So pronoimced in Shak. K, Johriy IV. ii. 198 ; Spenser, Faerie Queene,
B. vi. C. iv. xi. 1 ; and B. vii. C. vii. xxxv. 8.
Cord, a pile of wood stacked for fueL Wood or roots so stacked is
called cordwoody and is sold * by the cord,' which is 8 foot long, 4 foot
high, and 4 foot thick.
Crazy, adj. tumble-down, dilapidated. 'And appoint all second
causes to concur for the support of that crazy bridge, or to make that
old tower stand firm till you had escaped.' (Watti?, On the Mind,)
* There is more expected of me than the craziness of these times will
give me leave to do.' (Laud to Strafford, Hook's Live* of Altp$ of
Cant, vi. 228.) * They consist of cra^ ^/-looking wheels, inserted on still
crazier-looking sheds.' (War Correspondent, TimeSy July 13, 1876.)
Crock, an earthen pot or vessel. A * cream-croc/f ' is the open pan
in which the milk stands before it is skinamed.
Crummy, adj. filthy, covered with vermin. A man described a
tranij) whom he found by the road-side as * wonderful crummy,* and
explained it in this way.
Cuckoo* 8 waiting*maid, the wryneck. So called because this biril
is always heard about ton days or so before the cuckoo. Halliwoll
gives * Cuckoo's maiden , the wryneck (North).'
Dallop, a sliapeless lump of anything tumbled about in the hands.
So HalHweU.
Deaf as a beetle, proverb. * That there horse is as deaf a^ a beetle,*
A het'th is a largo wooden mallet. Cf. * as deaf as a post,* See antea,
• biddlo.' * Heads of beetles y stocks and handles of tools are made of it.*
(Evelyn, Sihu and Terra, i. 141.).
^
C. 4.] SUBREY PROVINCIALISMS. 87
Deal, a nipple. When a cow-calf is born, the cow-man will look to
806 if its deah are all rig^ht. [* Deala^ a leech ; a cow's dug, a sheep's
teat; * Gaelic Diet., by Macleod and Dewar.]
Death [deth], the common pronunciation of deaf.
Denial, a detriment, drawback. So Halliwell. E, g. to be deaf or
lame is said to be * a great denial * to such an one. The word * hurt '
is used very much in the same sense.
Densher, v. To densher a field is to skim the turf off, to pare and
bum it. A denaher-jAoix^'h is the instrument for doing it. There are
several fields in this district which so by the name of * Densher-^eld,*
which have probably at some time oeen so treated. See Halliwell in
verbo. * Denshiring, This is the cutting off the turf or surface of the
ground, and when sufficiently dry, putting it in small piles and burn-
ing it to ashes. It is probable that it was first practised in Devon-
shire, as its name denshiring ^ though corrupted, imports.' {Rural Im-
provements by a Landowner, 1775.)
Dik [dik], a ditch.
Dishabil, adj. untidy, in confusion ; used of a cottage or its inmates,
and synonymous with being all in a * muck ' or * muddle.' Halliwell
givee it as dishhille, from deshabillS ; used in Kent.
Dishwasher, the water-wagtail. So Halliwell. He gives also TVashdish,
Mollwasher, Ponny-wagtcul, and Seod-bird, as provincial names for this
bird.
Dissight This or that ' is a great dissight to a place ' means, is very
unsightly. A desight in the Cotswold dialect is a blemish.
Distress, strain ; e, g, * Slacken they there ropes before you go, and
then there won't be no distress on the cloth ' (t . e. rick-cloth).
Do. To make a poor c^ of it is to get on badly enough. Cf. Ox-
fordshire expression to make a * see ' of it.
Doaty, Doated, adj. worm-eaten, beginning to decay, of a beam, post,
or tree. So HaUiwell. Kemble gives Doty, Doted, mouldy, rotten.
*The wood is so doty the pruning-knifo cannot be used.' * Doting
tree, a tree almost worn out with age ; ' Bailey's Diet, in verbo.
* Lastly of the whited part of the old wood, found commonly in
doating birches.' (Evelyn, Silva and Terra, i. 231.) 'Antiquated
dotard trees.' {Id, i. 31.)
Doddlish, adj. infirm of body and mind, becoming childish. Halli-
well gives * doddleish, feeble.'
Dorlin^, the smallest pig of a litter. Halliwell gives ^ Cad,' * Cadma/
* Dilling,' and * Rittmg,' as words expressive of the same thing ; see
also Redding in his Diet. He also gives * Anthony-pig ' as a Kentish
expression, according to Ghrose.
Doubt. This word is in constant use in the sense of expect, foretell ;
e,a, * I douht we shan't get much rain.' To such a question as this,
' Will there be much grass this year ? ' the answer would be, ' I douhi
not,' meaning there would not be much.
Draft. A squirrers nest is called a squirrel's draft, Halliwell
88 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
* Bodge * (South). Sussex, a * dray * or * draw.' * A bojr has taken throe
little youn^ squirrels in their nest or ** drey," as it is called in those
parts * (Whitens Selborne^ p. 364). In the East it is called a * bay.'
Draft, a spade of a peculiar shape, used in draining to take tlie
bottom spit out of the trench. HaUiwell says it is called a ' scaffle ' in
Suffolk, a * tommy ' in the North.
Dr^an [dreen], a drain.
Dredge, a term of husbandry ; signifying bushes tierl together and
drawn over the meadows previous to rolling ; called also a hiah-harroiv.
To dredge a field is to bush-harrow it.
Drivwayi an old cart-road or cattle-path, impassable for carriages. In
Leicestershire, a ' drift' is a green lane.
Dr3rth [dreith], drought. So HalliwelL A long spell of dry weather
is called ' a long dryth,* Of trees planted in a loose soil it is said,
* They must be trod up, or the dryth will get into them.*
Dubby, adj. blunt, thick. Halliwell gives the word in the sense of
dumpy.
Dmnbledorey the bumble-bee. See N. and Q,, 5 S. y. 367, 494,
and vi 98.
Edget, a term of husbandry. An implement used in the cultivation
of hops. It is drawn by one horse, and passes between the rows to
clean the ground. Called also idget and nidget. [The A.S. ege^e, a
rake or haiTow, is from the same root, viz. the Indo-European ciAp,
sharp. Edgd is obviously a corruption of * og-et,' ». e. a little spike ;
cf. Latin ac-uhus, ac-us^ &c.— W. W. S.]
£lloW, adj. When a plum- pudding, or such a pudding as they call
Fond^hutter pudding— -i, e. a woll-pudding with currants or raisins-
has Very few plimis in it, thoy stiv it is * terrible elhuK^ [This word is
possibly a corruption of * olonge or * oUingo,* which moans solitary',
Bad.-^W. W. S.]
Emmet, pronounced emmut [em-ut], an ant. Ant-hills are called
emmuUhilh, Worm-casts are callod worm-casties [kaast'iz].
Ersh, pronounced asJi [ash], a stubble ; not so commonly used as
* gratton,' q. v.
Faddy, adj. fancifuL
Fail of, v. to fall ill of, to sicken with.
Fall, v. to fell or cut down. Cf* /o/Z, to let fall : As You Like If,
ni. V. 5.
Fall, the autumn. 'Last /a7/,' I e. last autumn. So Halliwell.
* Cut them in the spring for dressing, but in the fall for timber and
fuel.' (Evelyn, Sifva and Terra, i. 259.)
Fancy of it, phr. If a person cannot account for anything or give
the reason for it, he says, * 1 'm sure I can't toll iho fancy cfiV
Farrow, a litter of pigs. So llaUiweU (East).
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 89
Fat-hen, the plant goosofoot. Ilalliwell, the wild oracho. Called
in other places Good King Harry.
Favour, v. to resemble in countenance. So Halliwelll
* And she bad a filly too that waited on her
Just with such a favour.*
(Beaumont and Fletcher, The Pilgrim, Act V. sc. vi.)
Fennel, the female of a hare, when giving suck.
Fight, V. to flog. Used of chastising boys.
Flam, ar Flam-net, a small net used in ferreting rabbits, to place over
the holes or * buries ' as they are called.
Flaw, V. to bark timber. Flawing^ barking oak-timber. So Halliwell.
Sodjs flayed or stripped from the top or surface of the earth are in the
North called 'flaws ; ' Bichardson's Diet.
Fleet, adj. shallow. The soil is fleet when there is no depth of it.
To plough fleet is to skim-plough land. Water is fleet when it is
shallow. See Flit in Halliwell, and Flew in Prompt. Paw.
Flick, the doom or fur of hares and rabbits. Halliwell giyos fleck
or flick (East). * You flicked him pretty much ' means, you shot him
'' very hard.
Flittermonse, a bat ; called also Bat-bat Halliwell, FUckermouse
and Flindermouse,
Fluey, adj. of a weak, delicate constitution. Halliwell gives flu ishf
a North-country word, in the same sense. (Compare Prench ^fluet,*
slender, delicate, from O. French flou, flo, weak; Flemish flauw
(Diez) ; cf. IjjLtin flaccidas, — -H. Ghiusseron, in N, and Q., 5 S. i. 434.)
Kemble notes this word, with the illustration— * My old master was so
fluey,* I have never heard the word applied except to animals.
Flushy [fleshi], adj. Young, tender grass, or grass which gi-ow8
suddenly after rains, and scours the cattle, is caMcAflmhy, Halliwell
gives flashy,
Fly-golding, the ladybird, or ladybug, as it is called. It has a
number of aliases in other parts; e. g» Bishop Bamabee, God AI*
mighty's cow, Lady-cow, &c.
Fore-noon, always used for the morning.
Fore-right, adj. downright, blunt, obstinate. So Halliwell.
Frith, the local name of several woods, generally where the brush-
wood is of a rough, unprofitable kind. Sometimes corrupted into
Thrift. See examples in Ilalliwell, who says — * Many woods in Kent
are still called friths.' Cf. Welsh ffriddy a forest * Bicardus atte
Frith: (Court Boll, Titsey Manor, 15 Eic. 11.)
Fruz, pp. frozen. So HalliwelL
Oaffer, the master ; c. {/. * Look out ! here comes the gaffei\*
Oalley-bird, the woodpecker. A wood in this neighbourhood is
called Galley's Wood, probably from this bird. It is called in Lincoln-
shire * Green-peck,' in the North the ' rain-bird.*
90 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C 4
(Jail, a canker, or sore. So Halliwell (Sussex). 'Rmd-gdU is asnuJl
boss or imperfection in the bark of a tree, to which the oak is especially
subject.
Gamack, v. * To go gamacking about/ said of old "women chattering,
making a noise, gossiping.
Oamble-stick, the crooked piece of wood used to hang up a pig or
other slaughtered animal. Halliwell gives gamhrd in thus sense.
Ganger [ganggur, g hard], a canker, fester, or venom. A man described
to me how he hfiui run something into his hand, and when it festered,
he ^ut a lot of pepper and salt on it to fetch, as he said, the ganger out.
It IS a corruption of gangrene, 'Their word will eat as doth a
canker ' (in margin gangrene), (2 Tim. iL 17.)
Gang^way, an entrance or passage. So Halliwell (Kent).
Give, V. to thaw. The frost or snow gives, or is ' all on the give* is
the usual expression for a thaw. Halliwell gives * forgive * as an East-
coimtry word in this sense. The Yorkshire * gladden ' for to thaw is
full of meaning. * Uneave, to thaw ' (Devon).
Give over, v. to leave off, stop. Where we should say it will soon
leave off raining, the countryman would invariably say * give over!
Give the time o' day, to, phr. to say good-morning or greet any one
civilly in passing. So Halliwell.
' Bat gently waking them gave tbem the time of day*
(Spenser, F, Q., B. yi. C. xi. xzzviiL)
Going home, Going back, phr. deca3ring. It is not uncommon to hear
it said of a tree that is dyuig, ' That old tree is going home very fast.'
(See N. and Q,, 6 S. vi. 126.)
Gooming, p. To go gooming about, is to go about stupidly with the
mouth open, like French * b^ant.* * Gawmin, vacant, stupid. North ; *
HalUweU.
Gowdy [goud'i], swelled, distorted. Cf. Halliwell, * Oowie, a swell-
ing.'
Gratten, a stubble ; used universally of wheat, barley, oats (* wuts '),
and peas. So also the leys are called * the Bhooji-grattens,* Partridges
at feed on the stubbles, or pigs turned out there, are said to be gratttn-
ing, Halliwell gives it as a South-country word.
Grist [greist] (with i long), the week's allowance of flour. * GHst,
provision, supply ; * Johnson's Diet. An inscription at Warlingham, in
this neighbourhood, on the tombstone of a miller (Lionel Gregory),
gives the pronimciation of this word : —
* cruel Death, what hast thou done.
To take from us our mother's darling Son P
Thou hast taken toll, e;Tound and drest his gritt.
The bran lieth here, the flour is gone to Christ.'
Greensward [green 'sooh'd*], pronounced greensooWd, the grass.
Grnmmook, a lout, a hobbledehoy.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 91
Gmt, or Ourt, corruption of great; generally used in conjunction
witb big. Halliwell, • Geri, great (Devonshire)/
Gull, a gosling.
Hack, a thin row in which hay is laid to dry after being shaken out,
and before it is got into wider rows, which are called * windi'ows.' In
Oxfordshire they use the word hackle. So Halliwell.
Hackle, a straw cone of thatch. Sometimes in harvesting, especially
in wet weather, they make a covering which they place over tho
sheaves, and this they call a hacMe, It is more commonly done with
beans than with com crops.
Hand, trouble. Cf . Jiandful, as it is used of a tronblesomo child.
Hand, phr. ' To make the safest hand of it,' i. e. to make a sure job
of it.
Hands, phr. * First hands,* i, e. early, or at tho beginning ; e, g,
* They didn't get much of a shoot first hands ; ' t. e. they did not got
much shooting at first starting.
Hankeroher, handkerchief. So neck-kercher. 'Pawned her neck-
Jcerchers for clean bands for him ; * Ben Jonson, Every Man in hia
Humour f Act III. sc. iii. Halliwell, ' Hancutcher (North) ; Hankot-
cher (East).*
Hap, adv. universal for perhaps. * For crist ihesus is in you, but in
happe ye ben repreuable ; ' 2 Oor. xiii. 6, Wiclif . Also as a verb> in
the sense of to meet with, light upon ; e, g. * May bo you 11 hap upon
him in the wood.' Halliwell gives happen on in this sense as a
Lincolnshire word.
Haps, the hasp or latch of a gat<3. A.S. keeps.
Hassooky, adj. stony. Hassock is also the name of a rough, coarse
grass which grows in tufts.
Hatch, V. Bark-hatching is dressing the bark for the tanner.
Haulm, pronounced harm [haam], the straw of peas, tares, beans,
and potatoes, but never used of white crops, I believe, in this district.
Tussor, on the contrary, in his Husbandry, says, ' The haum is tho
straw of the wheat or the rie.' * To avail himself of mats, cloths,
pease-Aaum, straw, reeds, or any such covering ; ' White's Selborne, p.
314. * Beaji'haumeJ (Evelvn, Silm and Terra, i. 50.) * Covered
with dry straw or haume.* (id. i. 274.)
Have at, phr. to go at or go about; e. g. * We 'U have ai that job next.'
Have one*8 eye on, phr. t. e. to approve of.
Hazardous, adj. dangerous, uncertain ; e. g. *A very Jiazardous crop,'
1. e. an uncertain one.
Headlands, that part of a field which is close against the hedge. In
early documents, Hevedlond, Halliwell gives * Adland {Salop).*
Heard tell, phr. ' I never heard tell of such a thing,' universal for
I never heard of such a thing.
92 SURREY FROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
* Which when the Prince heard tell'
Spenser, F, Q., B. t. C. xi. xxi.)
Heart. I^nd is said to be * in good heart ' when it is in good con-
dition. So Halliwell, * in good heart, in good order.* Similarly, a
person who was looking well would bo described as * looking very
hearty f^ and a good me^ is called a hearty meal. ' The heart of the
beech is all about hero>' said my woodman, meaning the principal part
of the beech. ' To break the heart of a job * is a common phrase for
getting through the worst of it
Heats in the fire, phr. for irons in the fire. I was proposing to my
farm-man to work the steam-plough and the thrashing-machine on
the same day, and his answer was — * We shall get too many fieaU in
the firty I doubt.'
Heave-gate, a gate made entirely of wood, without any iron about it,
and so contrived that one end lifts off the post. These gates are fasit
disappearing, and are only met with in the Weald.
Heirs, s. pi. young timber-trees or * tellers.' Halliwell, ' Heyres (East).*
Hele, or Hele in [heel], v. to cover in or roof a building ; the regular
term. See N, and Q., 4 S. xii. 17. So Halliwell, and he-helitd^
covered (A.S.). It is also used of covering up plants or roots. In the
West he that covers a house with slates is culled a healer or hellier.
The fact of Hillicr being so common a surname is due probably to
this origin. For the covering of houses there are three sorts of slate,
which from that use take the name of healin g'Stones (Carow, Survey
fj/" Cornwally fol. 6).
' For treulie I BhuU youre counsel hele^
I shal not diBCouer you noo dele.*
Syr Generides, 1. 725 (a.d. 1430). •
Hem, adj. very. It is also used substantively; e, g, *A hem of a
row,' * A hem of a mess,' * I see a htni of a lot of sand mucked out
there, sure-ly ; ' (i. e, driven out by a storm).
Hep. A hep of corn is the com as the thresher lays it up in the
barn before it is cleaned.
Hills. The mounds on which the hops are planted are called hills.
In planting a hop-garden, so many hills are reckoned to an acre.
Hit, a crop. They will say * a good hit of seeds ' for a good plant of
clover,
Hog-arves, haws. Whitethorn berries. Halliwell, * Pic-all (West) ; *
Sussex * AgarvesJ
Help, V. to help; more commonly in the sense of to hand to, to
deliver to ; e, g, one gives a parcel or letter to so-and-so to be handed
to a third party, and the recipient says, * I 'U holp it to him.' •
* By foul play, as thou sayst, were we heav'd thence,
But hlessediy holp hither. ' — Shakespeare, Temp, Act I. tc. ii.
Holt, interj. halt, hold hard, stop. At a country cricket match an
incautious batsman, on attemptmg a run, will be met by a chorus of
* Holt I Holt ! ' from the bystanders.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 93
Holt, hold. They will say of any illness that it has taken such a
holt of so-and-so, that he cannot get shut of it.
Holt, a holding- place, a cover. Such a wood is a good holt for a fox.
Hover [huvur], adj. said of the wind when it blows before rain ;
also used in the sense of light or open. The hops are hover means
that thev are light. * His coat is so hover * is said of an animal whose
coat sticks up.
House [houz], v. to get the com into the barn. So HalliwcU (South).
Honsey [houz*i], adj. Hops are said to be hovsey when the fruit is
mixed up with the leaves, and is, in consequence, difficult to pick.
The word housed [houzd] occurs in the same sense.
Hucket, V. to hiccough, gasp for breath, make a choking noise. (Cf.
French hoquety hickup. The French have the phrase * le hoquet do la
mort,* the death-sob. — ^H. GFausseron, in N» ana Q., 5 S. i. 434.)
Hung up, to be, phr. to be delayed or hindered, as in haymaking or
harvest, from bad weather or from want of hands.
Ice-bells, s. pi. icicles. Halliwell, * Ice-candles, clinker-bells (Somer-
set), Cog-bells (Kent), kinker (Dorset).*
niconvenient, adj. inconvenient.
In, used as a verb for to gather in. ' All was inned at last into the
king's bam ; ' Bacon, Hen, VII, p. 67 (Richardson).
Inclinable, adj. inclined to ; e.g, * It don*t seem no ways inclinable
for rain this year.*
Indisgestion, indigestion.
Innards, Inwards, the entrails or intestines. ^He's injured in-
nardly * — meaning, he is hurt inside, — ^is a common phrase. He * talks
innardly,* he mumbles.
Interrupt, v, (1) to cause discomfort, or disagree ; e, g, * If I eat any
heavy food, it interrupts me so.* (2^ To attack, interfere with, or pur-
sue, as of a dog or any other animaL
Jack-baker, or Bee-bird, the French magpie. HalliwcU gives the
former as the name of a kind of owl (South).
Jacket, V. to flog. * I *11 give him a good Jacketing,* or ' I will give
him a good hide-ing * is, I will flog hmi well.
Jack np, V. to stop short and refuse to go any farther ; said of an ill-
tempered horse, or of men that are saucy or throw up their work.
' That spring *most always jacks up in autumn time,* «. e. ceases to
run.
Jawled ont, pp. tired out ; synonymous with ' beaded,' q. v.
Joy [joi], the jay.
Justly, adv. exactly ; e, g, one inquires the distance to any place, and
the answer is, ' I can't ytM% tell.*
94 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
Kelter, condition ; e.g. * That chum of our'n is pretty mucli out o'
kelter* u e, out of order.
Ketch [kech], v. to catch, invariably so pronounced,
* Which, whenas forme and feature it does keteK*
Spenser, F, Q., B. ii. C. tL 37.
Kettle, a swelling or lump found in pork.
Kibble, a short hammer used for chipping and dressing stona Mar-
shall, in his Glossary of the Midland Counties, gives the verb * to kibble,
to crush or grind imperfectly.' See Qlos. B. 5 (£. D. S.). So Halli-
"woll.
Kilk, Charlock, or Cadlock ; the wild mustard.
Kime [keim], a weaseL
Slind, adj. productive or suited for ; c. </. ' It is very kind land for
timber.' Of weather, genial, growing, just as the converse is unkind.
Of animalB, healthy, fitting well ; e, g. * He 's always been a kindJtf
bidlock.' * "Which we seldom find to bear so kindly and plentifully.'
(Evelyn, Silva and Terra, i. 25.)
Knowed, pp. invariably used for * knew.' So in Martin Chuzzlcwit,
cap. Hi., Poll Sweedlepipe says — * I thought there might be some one
here that knowed him,'
Ladybng, the lady-bird; lady-cow (Suss.).
Lawyer, the wild briar, a bramble with long thorns.
Lay at, v. to attack, or lay hold of; e. g. *Tho rabbits have laid at
that wheat unaccountably.* * The nouralgy has laid at her uncom-
monly this ttim.'
Laylock [lai-lok], the lilac.
Lear, adj. empty, used to express the feeling of sinking produced by
excessive hunger. Cf. O. leer, empty.
Learn, v. to teach. * Who, till I learned him, had not known his
might ; ' Drajrton, The Legend of Thomas Cromwell. * O learn me
true understanding and knowlodce' (Ps. cxix. 66, Prayer-Book
Version). * Why, I will learn you by the true judgment of the eye,
hand, and foot to control any enemy's point in the world ; ' Ben Jonson,
Every Man in his Humour, Act I. sc. iv.
Leasing [leez-ing], generally used for gleaning.
• Agreo, that in harvest used to lease;* Dryden, Theoe. Idyll, 3.
* Picking ears ' (Cornwall),
Leastways, adv. at least, anyhow.
Lent, a loan. So Halliwell (Somerset)
Lent-corn. Spring corn is always spoken of as Lent-corn. Halli-
well gives Lent-grain as a West-coimtry word in this sense. Cf.
Lente-seedes in Piers the Plowman, 0. xiii, 190.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 95
Leve, * I 'd as leve not,* I would rather not. In a letter from Thomas
Poj-ntz to his brother John, 2oth August, 1535 (Cotton MSS. Galba
B. x), occurs : — * A poor man had lever live a beggar all days of his life
rather than,' &c.
* Of bote had I letter mys
Than ony othir forto kys.*
Syr Generides, 1. 9947-8 (a.d. 1430).
' The knight had lever for to die
Than breke his trouth.' — Gower, Conf, Am, bk. i.
Libbet, a long polo or stick such as is used to knock fruit oIT the
trees. Ilalliwell, * a stick (South).' * Presentant quod Bicardus
Dikare injusto traxit sanguinem cum uno libet de Job"* Stafhurst.'
{Visus Franc, FleJg, Manor of Titaey, 4 Hen. IV.)
Like, attached as a pleonasm to numbers of words; e, g, pleasant-
like, comfortable-/iA;e.
Liking, adj. like.
Lip, or Seed-lip, a box carried by the sower when sowing com, and
hung by a strup over the shoulder. See Leap in E. D. S. Glos. B. 16.
Lippy, adj. insolent ; e,g,Sk very lippy man. Conf. * They shoot out
their lips.* — Ps. xxii. 7. (The Prench say, with the same meaning,
• faire la lippe,* to pout. — U. Gaussoron, in N, and Q., 6 S. i. 434.)
Lissom, active^ nimble. (Lit. lithesoTne.)
List, adj. still, heavy, of the atmosphere ; e, g, 'I doubt we shall
have rain before long, it seems so lisV Halliwell, 'A list house or
room, when sounds are heard easily from one room to another.'
Liversick, a hangnail. In the North, ' backfriend ; * Halliwell.
Leases poas'ezl, sb. pL deep large ruts. Halliwell, * Loast, a wheel-
rut (Sussex).*^
Lodged, pp. Com is said to be lodged when it has been laid by
wind or rain. So Halliwell (West).
Lone-womaiii an unmarried woman. So Halliwell.
Long, adj. great, numerous. A man with a large family is said to
have ' a very long family ; ' a great age is spoken of as ' a long age.'
Long-dog, a greyhound or lurcher.
Loo, Lew [loo, liw], adj. in the shelter, out of the wind. Also as a
verb to lewy i . e. to shelter. The substantive lewth is also used. ' In
the lewthy is out of the wihd or rain.
Lnmbering, pres. part, the sound of distant thunder ; e,g,* It kept
lumbering in the East all day yesterday.'
Lnsty, adj. fat, flourishing. * You be growed quite ludy ' is a common
form of compliment. 'For they are in no peril of death, but are
lusty and strong ; ' Pa Ixxiii 4, Prayer-Book Vers. Evelyn uses the
word constantly in this sense. (See Silva and Terra, i. 227, 268, 260,
274.) Spenser uses lutitleMe in the opposite sense. (F, Q,, B. iii. 0.
iv. Ivi.)
96 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C 1
' Ilaft ihovL provided ine four Ititty fellowi
Able to carrf me ? ' — Beaum. and Flet., Burning Tiuili, Act IT. tc. L
* If the land be *' vai-lutty" the crop ia not great' — (Tnawr, Hutbandry.)
Haimered, in phr. good-mannered. Clover or grass of good quality
in a meadow ifi spoken of as such ' good-manntroi stufil'
Hasterfnl, adj. domineering, overbearing
Hannd [maand], a xv^ickar basket with two handles. Chaff-matin^
is the most usual form in which it occurs. Halliwell gives the word.
Maybng, a cockchafer.
Heeshei [meesh'ez]. The Kent and Sussex marshes are always so
called. The white-faced Kentish sheep is called ' the meeaA-sheep.'
Hesiengers, s. pL large flying clouds betokening bad weather, called
also water-dogs,
Heuse, a hole in a hedge made by a fox, hare, or rabbit ; alias a run,
Halliwell has emeuse, muse, and muset, Musit occurs in Two NolIU
Kinsmen, IH. L 97.
Kiddling, adj. This word does duty in a variety of senses. It may
mean in bad health or ouite welL If you inc^uire of a labourer how
he doos, or of a farmer now his crops are lookmg, you will never get
beyond * middling ' in either case.
Hind, V. to remember. Also to look after. Sheep-m/wrftn//, rook-
mindingy are common expressions. ' As the ostrich does her eggs in
the Libyan sands, without minding them more,' (Evelyn, Silva and
Terra, i. 61.)
Miflohiefid, adj. mischievous.
Hisword, a cross-word, disagreement The expressive prefix mis
which occurs in so many old English words — e. g. mishke, mtrwent,
&c. (Spenser misdeeme, mtsfare) — ^nas been gradually ousted, and sur-
vives in comparatively few words, such as nmtake, and some others.
[Mis- in mischief 16 different, viz. O.Fr. mes-,]
Mixen, a heap of dung and soil, or other compost.
*
' And would you mellow my young pretty mistress
In such as mitken*
(Beaumont and Fletcher, The Nighttcalker, Act II. sc i.)
The Editor (Henry Weber), in a note to this word, says, * I am unable
to give any satisfactory explanation of it.' It is clearly used for
mixen, and Halliwell gives mishin, a dunghilL
H ore, in phr. * as big more,' i, e. as big again.
Kortal,_ used adverbially. Very, terribly ; e, g, ' He's mortal bad,
sure-ly.'
Mossel, a morsel Halliwell, ' Mossell.' On bad scenting days our
old himtsman used always to say, * There 's not a mosseH of scent.*
Most-times, adv. usually; synonymous with in general, which is
always used for generally.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 97
Mothery, adj. mouldy. The word Fathery is used in the same
sense, and both words together.
Mow [mou]. Com in the niow is compiled up in the bam. To
mow it up, is BO to pile it up.
Murder away, phr. die by slow degrees. A cottager, speaking to me
of the bad honey season in 1875, said, * I took two of the hives right
off, 'cos they shouldn't murder away and die.*
Muzzle, v. to get twisted or entangled. I have heard it said of
mowing grass when it is wet and impedes the machine, ' it muzzles so.'
Kative, birthplace, used as a substantive ; said either of h county or
some place in it. It is also, but less commonly, used to imply the place
where any one has lived in service, and so knows the ways of it.
Kann, nothing. Expresses somewhat of contempt, pity. 'He's
naun but a upstart,' he is nothing but a parvenu. Old English noon
{Book of Nurture and Kervyng, L 11) ; mod. Eng. none,
Kestle, V. to fidget, to move about and first do one thing and then
another. HaUiwell gives ' newU^ to trifle (Sussex).'
If ettle-spring, the nettle-rash.
Ket-np, pp. pinched, cut up by cold. So HaUiwell (Sussex).
Hewy, nephew. So HalliwelL
Kidget, alias Edget or Idget, a horse-hoe used among the hops. See
Edg^i,
Hod, the nape of the neck. HaUiwell, 'Nodock.' There are
several fields in this district caUed ' Mount Noddy ; ' they are high,
conical-shaped ground. Query whether the name be derived from a
fancied resemblance to the nape of a man's neck. Of. * Cope, Cophead.'
No-how8, Ko-ways, adv. in no way ; used indiscriminately.
No-ought, phr. * You had no ought ' is, you ought not to have.
Koratioil. ' There seemed a great noration about it,' said a rustic to
me, meaning an unnecessary discussion or piece of work. And of a
certain rose a gardener said to me, ' It made quite a noration when it
first came out.
Nnbby, adj. cloddy, of land that breaks up in clods or lumps.
Nncker, v. to neigh, to whinny. HaUiweU has ' Nicker (North).'
Nnther [nudh*ur], pronunciation of neither. It gives an emphatic
finish to a negative sentence.
Obedience, a curtsey; equivalent to obeisance, which is, of course,
another form of the same word.
On, prep, ot * One on 'em,' one of thenu
Order, phr. * He seemed in a tidy order about something,' implying
that he was a good deal put out.
Ordinary, adj. pronounced omary [aun'ari], said of persons who are
7
98 SURREY PR0VINCIAUSM8. [C. 4.
unwell, and of crops when they are indifferent. HalliweU, ' Amary
(Dorsot).'
Oris, 8. pi. soups or fragments of victuals. 'You eat your oris up/
thoy will say to a child, meaning, don't leave anything on your plate.
Other some, some others. Speaking of the corns of wheat, a man
said to me, ' Some ain*t quite so hard as other 9ome,* * Other 9ame,
ho Bcemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods ' {Holy BiUe, £ng. Vers.
Acts xvii. 18).
Otherwhile, adv. every now and then, at long intervals of time or
place. * CHherwhile and often thy back is turned unto him through
negligence ; * £p. Hall, Art of Divine Med, 8o Spenser :
' And othertchiUs with bitter mocks and mowes
He woold him scorne. '
Faerie Queene^ B. Ti. C. TiL xlix. ; and Id, C. v. 32, and C. iz. xxxrii
He also uses otiitrwhere,
' Otben in Thebes and others otherwhere,'
Id. 2 Cantos of MutabUitie, C. Tii. liiL ; and Id. F. Q., B. il C. xi ixt.
Out-asked, in phr. * to have been out-asked^' i, e, to have had the
banns of marriage published in church three times.
Outset, V. to balance against, to set ofif one debt against another.
Over-right, universally used for opposite.
Partment, a parting or divison.
Fay-gate, the turnpike-gate.
Peaked [peek'ed], pronounced as a disyllabic. Unwell, poorly.
Peart [pi*h*rt], pronounced nearly as a disyllabic ; brisk, lively, said
of human beings or animals. So UalliwoU ; and also a-pert,
Peter-g^evous, adj. fretful, complaining. They use the word
* grieving ' in parts of Yorkshire in much the same sense.
Ficksome, adj. dainty, of a delicate appetite. HalliweU, * Hungry,
peckish (Sussex).*
Fick-upon, to interfere with, bully, or annoy. ' You all seem to want
to pick-upoji him ' is said when one ia mode the butt of the rest.
Ficter, picture. To express something very pretty they will say it is
* a regular picter,*
Pikey, a gipsy or tramp. HalliweU gives ' Piky, a gipsy (Kent).'
Pitching, rough paving mth rag-stones. So HalliweU (South).
Fithered, or Pethered up, nearly closed ; vulgarly, bunged up.
Fig-pound, always used for pig-sty.
Pimps, s. pi. smaU bundles of wood used for lighting fires.
Flasher [plesh-er], a largo piece of stuff in a fence, partly cut off from
the stem and laid in. To plesher a hedge is to lay it ; Cotswold dia-
V lect. To * pleach,* • planch ' (Somerset).
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 99
Platty, adj. uneven ; com that is patchy is said to be platty. So
HaUiwoU. They use the word * spotty ' of hops. In Norfolk * squally '
for an uneven crop.
Plnck, the heart, liver, and lungs of a pig or sheep.
Plump np, v. to dry, become firm ; e. ^. ' If there comes a line night,
the ground *ull soon plump upj*
Poach, V. to tread into holes. They will say of stiff clay land, * It 's
bad land to work in wet weather, it doos poach so.' Halliwoll,
• poachedj
Poke, a bag or sack. So Halliwell (North). The proverb, * to buy
a pig in a poke,* is still common for buying a thing on trust without
first seeing it.
Poly-cow, a cow without horns. Halliwell, *Polled-cow (North).
Humble- cow, Sussex.' • Hummeled, without horns,' Craven dialect.
Poults, s. pi. the name of a crop ; it is a mixture of peas and beans.
Called also Pollards in the Cotswold dialect. HaUiwell gives ' blend-
ings ' (Yorkshire).
Pretty, adv. nicely ; a child begins to talk or walk pretfy. (See
N. and Q. 3 S. vii 453; viii. 7, 67, 98, 137, 197; 5 S. v. 214, 276,
457.)
Prise [preiz], v. to lift up slightly as with a wedge, to prop. Halli-
well gives * prise, a lever.*
Proper, thorough. They will say of a child who is independent and
difficult to manage, * He 's a proper young radical.' Of a horse, * A
proper good-ooUar'd un ' is one that draws right well.
Puddle about, v. to walk about slowly, as an old man, or as a man
after an illness.
Pnll, V. to have a man up before the bench of magistrates, or to
interfere with or stop a man from doing anything. Of a man who
was trespassing by cutting litter on the waste, the man in charge who
stopped nim said, ' He*s Bin that disagreeable ever sin' I pulled him
that time.'
Pnverty, or Pnpperty weed, the poverty weed or purple cow-wheat.
Halliwell says that its popular name is peculiar to the Isle of Wight,
but I have heard it used m this district, by a native of the place.
Quid, the cud. *To chamme the queedJ Given as a Wiltshire
word in Lansdowne MSS. 1033, fo. 2.— Halliwell.
Quoilers, the breeching of a cart-harness. C22/m^-hamess or thill-
hamess is the trace-harness.
Badical, adj. independent, impatient of authority, unsteady. ' Hem
of a radical chap he were,' is how they will speak of such a man.
Bamp, V. to ascend, as the coping of a wall or the pales of a fence,
to join something at a higher level. When a fence does so it is said
to be on the ramp.
100 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 1
* Tho rearing up his former feet on hight.
He rampt upon him.* — Spenser, F, Q., B, tL C. xii. xxii.
Battle-hedge, a dry hedge made witli upright stakes and rods woven
between them. Battle and dab is the name for the plaster- work of the
half-timber houses common in Kent and Surrey. It is so called
because the mortar was smeared or dabbed on to rattle or loose stakes.
In the Cotswold dialect, * Whattle and dab * is used.
Reek, the steam or smoke arising from wet grass, or from a heated
stack.
* That yet his browes with sweat did reek and steem.*
Spenser, 2 Cantos of MtUabilitU^ C. Yii. xl.
Segnlar, adv. regularly, completely. * He 's regular beat,' i, e. com-
pletely done.
Respects, 'Pays their respects to ye,' phr. The driver of the
mowing-machine said to me, * I never see sich a pair o' horses, you
may dnve 'em as hard as you like all day, and then when you*ve done
they pays their respects to ye ' (t. c. kick up their heels).
Rides, 8. pL the long hinges of a gate.
Rile, V. to worry, to toil I asked a man to go and do some mowing
on the hills, and his answer was, * I ain't so young as I were, and I
don't care to go riling up they old hills.'
Rip, V. To rip a bam or shed, or new rijyptng it, is to take the tiles
off and fresh lath it.
Rising, yeast ; called also frequently Jxirm, So Halliwell (Suffolk).
Roosh, V. to rush. So Eussia and Prussia are always pronounced
Eoosha, Proosha.
Rooster, the cock. Halliwell, ' roost-cock (Devon).'
Rowen [rou*en], the grass after mo^ving. To put the cattle into the
rowens is to turn them out into the- fields lately mown. Bawings,
aftermath ; Tussor. * Rawyn hey ; ' Prompt. Parv. Halliwell, * Bow-
ens, after-grass (Suffolk).*
Rudy, adj. rude. Almost implying wanton. So Halliwell (Sussex).
Runt, V. to knock off the old high stubs in a wood level with the
f round without grubbing the roots out. Gawain Douglas, in his
^alice of Honour ^ speaks of
* Auld rottin mntia quharin na sap was Icifit.*
There is evidently a connection between this word and the following,
which is used of steers or bullocks.
Runts, s. pi. Welsh bullocks. Court Roll, Tltsey Manor, 23 May,
1715, death of Richard Goodhugh. Heriot, *unus boviculus, Anglic^
a runt,*
* Before I buy a bargain of such nmts*
Beaumont and Fletcher, Wit without Money, Act V. 8C. ii.
In a note in the Addenda, vol. xiv. p. 450, the Editor, who had pre-
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 101
yiously explained the word * Trunks of trees,' says, ' Bunts, I believe,
in this place signifies small homed cattle, a meaning which the word
still bears in Scotland and the northern counties of England.'
Sag, V. pronounced [seg], to bend ; of a wall that bulges, or a beam
that bends. * Sure I am, no hospital is tyed with better or stricter
laws that it may not eagg from the intention of the founder,; ' Fuller,
Worthiea, Evelyn uses * Swag.' * "Which being more top-heavy are
more apt to swag.' (Silva and Terra, i. 293.);
Sattered, pp. soaked through, wet to the skin.
Sauce [saus], vegetables ; also called greensaiice.
Scaddle, adj. thievish, mischievous, but generally, as Halliwell says,
in a petty way only. It is applied to a kitten or a chUd. It is a cor-
ruptionof the old word Scath/uL (* Scath/ul ^apple ; ' Tw. Night, v.
1. 59.) It is curious that we have dropped this word, but have pre-
served the compound Scath-less^ Scath occurs in Spenser {F, Q,, B.
vi C. xii. xiLxix.),
* Thenceforth more nuschiefe and more seath he wrought,'
and Id, B, iii 0. iv. xxiv ; B. vi. C. vii. iiL
Scaly, adj. mean, stingy. So Halliwell. One of a party who did
not pay his share of the bill would be described as scaly.
Scarce, adv. scarcely.
Scarcey [skairs'i], adj. scarce.
Scraize, a scratch. Cf. E. graze,
Scrammage, a scratch, but somewhat more violent than the preced-
ing. Given by Halliwell as * scrummish.'
Serines, s. pi. finely sifted gravel, properly screenings.
Screw [scrou], adj. sulky, scowling.
Scry, or Scrier, a standing-sieve used for cleaning gravel and also
com.
Scnppnt, a kind of shovel or spade wider than the ordinary spade.
It IS used by bark-hatchers in filling the bags and for other purposes.
Season, good condition of ground for sowing. * To make a good
season ' is to get the land in good condition for sowing.
See, pt. t. saw. * I see her a-kissiu* of him agin ;' Pickwick Papers^
ch. viii.
Sensible, to ' make sensible,' phr. to make a person understand. Simi-
larly, < I can't make no sense of him ' means, I cannot make him
understand. * I must now make you sensible what entitles it to that
distinction ; ' Eussell's Modem Europe, Part I. Let. xxxvii.
Sere, adj. diy ; 'the sere leaf is spoken of in autumn, and * sere
wood,' to distinguish it from green wood.
* Sear winter
Hath seal'd that sap ap.'
Beaum. and Flct., Mtms, Th<mat, Act II. so. t.
102 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C 4.
* And on bis neck a burthen lufr^ng home
Most highly hnge of aere wood.*
Cbapraan, Homers OdysMey, b. ix.
Sliatter, a sprinkling, a fair crop ;e.g,* Thore '11 be a middlin' dJiaiter
o' hops this year, I reckon.'
Shay [shai], the shade. Common pronunciation.
Sheat, or Shoot, a young pig of the first year. So Halliwell (South).
Shimper, a glimpse in passing. Sussex ' shim.'
Shir, the service tree.
Shires, The [sheerz], used without distinction of any part of Eng-
land, not being Kent, Siirrey, or Sussex. A person coming from any
in the Bheerz* as if they were foreigners. (W. W. S.) An instance of
this pronunciation occurs in Beaimiont and Fletcher, Tht Burning
Pestle, Act rV. sc. v. :
*• Rejoice, oh English hearts rejoice, rejoice, oh lorers dear.
Rejoice, oh city, town, and country, rejoice eke, every shire.*
Shirty, adj. short-tempered, irritable. Mr C. Bravo said he should
write his father a shirty letter. (Evidence at the Bravo Inquest.)
Sholl, a wooden scoop used in cleaning com to shovel it oflf the
bain-floor. It is like a dust-pan without a handle. Cf. ahotol, also
for shovel ; as in * With my spado and showV
Shore, a buttress, a prop. Halliwell gives ' shore-post/ a buttress.
Shore, v. to prop up.
Short, adj. surly, out of temper. Halliwell, ' Peevish, angry (var.
dial.).'
Show for, phr. to look like ; e, g, ' It shows for rain uncommon,' t. e.
it looks uncommonly like rain.
Shuck, V. to shell peas, beans, &c. Halliwell gives 'skoel' as a
West-country word in the same sense.
Shnckish, adj. showery, unsettled ; of weather. So Halliwell (Sussex),
Shuffle about, v. to idle about, to be apparently very busy and yet
do nothing. Shackle (Sussex).
Shun, V. to shove off, to push. * They havn't made the hole large
enough to get a stick in to shun the dung back,' said my fhrm-man of
a new calves' pen I had made.
Shut of. * To get shut of^ is to get rid of. So Halliwell.
Sight, a groat number or quantity ; e.g,^ There 'a a wonderful sight
of buttercups this year.'
Sightable, adj. in sight. *It won't be noways sightahle* means, it
will not be at all in sight ; implying that, if it were, it would be
imsightly.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 103
Simple, adj. This word is used exactly in the contrary sense to
whut it ordinarily implies, viz. as signifying difficult, or hard to un-
derstand.
Sin, since. So Spenser {F. Q., B. vL C. xi. xliv.),
* Knowing his voice, although not heard long nnj
Sizzmn, yeast. Halliwell 'sizing.'
Skid, a drag. Also verb, to skid, A wagon was * canted over ' (t. e.
upset), and I heard the remark that the wagoner * hadn*t ought to
have skidded the hind whoeL' (For derivation of this word, see N,
and Q. 5 S. iv. 335, 371 ; v. 117, 337 ; vi. 97, 119.)
Skirmish, v. To run alx>ut and make a mess in a place, is called
skirmishing about, or scrummaging ab<mt.
Slats, s. pL pea-pods.
Slop, a short smock-frock. 'And 111 go near to fill that huge
tunbrel-A^ of yours with somewhat, an I have good luck ; ' Ben
Jonson, Every Man in his Humour y Act IL sc. i.
Slnb, thick, slimy mud. Halliwell has slud and sludge,
Slnbby, adj. thick, slimy. *Make the gruel thick and slah;*
Macbeth, IV. i. 32.
Slnmmocky, adj. slip-shod, untidy.
Smell-smock, Cardamiiie pdlmfris ; Lady-smock (Sussex).
Snag, (1) the short projecting horn where a small bough has been
cut off. Also, (2) the common snail.
Snead, or Sneath, the handle of a scythe. Evelyn uses the word.
' This (t. e. a scythe) is fixed on a long 9need or straight handle.' {Silva
and Terra, i. 142.)
Snicker, y. to sneer at, to laugh in one's sleeve.
Snivler, a slight hoar-frost in early autumn.
Snob, a cobbler, a journeyman shoemaker. So Halliwell (Suffolk).
Snonl, a portion cut off for a meaL If it is rather large, they will
say, 'TouVe got a tidy snoul,* meaning a good bit. Halliwell, 'a
small quantity (East and South).'
Snndge, v. to move about pensively, hanging the head and taking
no notice. So Halliwell (var. dial.).
Sob, v. to soak out, as water out of a bank in small quantities.
Sock, a blow or slap.
Boss, a mixed mess of food, a collection of scraps. So Halliwell
(var. dial.).
Sow-cat, the female cat.
Space, V. to measure a space of ground, literally, to measure by paces.
So HaUiweU. It is astonishing the accuracy with which a country-
man will measure a long distance by paces of three feet.
104 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 1
Spalt Fspault], adj. split, as timber. Halliwell, 'brittle, liable to
split.^ I wanted to destroy some alder stubs growing by the water,
and the man said, * I must get a mattick, I reckon, and tpcUt they old
stubs of¥ ' (t. e, so split them that they would not shoot again). [In
use at Cambridge. * The leg of the table's spalt,* i. e. has a spht in it.
Cf. Gaelic apecUty to split ; spealiach, splintered. — W. W. S.]
Spar-hawk [spar-r*auk], the sparrow-hawk. This seems to have been
the old pronimciation. The name exists about here as a surname, and
is pronounced as a disyllable.
Sparrow, a stick pointed at each end and thick in the middle, used
for fixing the thatch of a roof or stack. Halliwell, ' spar (West).'
Bpartioles, spectacles ; always so pronounced. So Halliwell (West).
Spat, a slap. So Halliwell (Kent).
Spavin, spasm. On asking an old woman of her ailment, she said
that * it was something of the windy spavin*
Speans, s. pi. (1) the teats or * deals ' of a cow. So Halliwell (Kent).
Also, (2) the prongs of a fork or the ' tines.' Halliwell ' spane&' A.S.
epana, Icel. speni, a teat.
Spear, v. to sprout, used especially of barley when it first b^ins to
come up. So HaUiwell, * To germinate as barley (South).* ^ Spir, a
blade of com ; Piers Plowman, C, xiii. 180. ^
Spilt, pp. spoiled. The word occurs in Spenser.
' Nor fpUt the blossome of my tender yeares
In ydlonesse.' — Faerie Queetie, B. yL C. ii. zxii.
Ho uses also a present form spill :
* She could or saye or epill whom she would hight.'
F, Q., B. ri. C. riL xxxi.
Spong, to work carelessly, to cobble a thing. So Halliwell (Surr.).
Spray, a kind of faggot of a second quality. Faggots are divided
into Best, Bavins , Sprays, Kiln (or * Kell,* as they are called), and
Pimping Faggots^
* An hatchet kecne with which he felled wood
And from the trees did lop the needlesse spray*
Spenser, 2 Cantos of MutabUitie, C. rii. zliL
Sproddy, adj. used of a tree that is stag-headed, and covers a good
deal of ground ; t. e, one that * spreads ' out wide without growing up.
Sprong, a projecting stump or short limb of a tree. Halliwell gives
sprang in this sense.
Squab, an unfledged bird. So HaUiwell ; as also the young of an
animal before the hair appears. He gives balching (West) and hare-
hubs (line.) as words used in this sense.
Sqnab, a piece of wood used for stopping a waggon- or cart-wheel on a
hill. * Squat-bat ' (Sussex).
Sqnacket, v. to quack like ducks, but implying somewhat more than
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 105
usual. HaUiwell, * To mako any disagreeable noise with the mouth
(Sussex).'
Stab, the hole in which the female rabbit secures her young. So
HaUiweU.
Stalder, the frame on which beer-casks are placed in a cellar. So
HaUiwell, and ' Ale-stool (East).'
Start. * A queer start * is a curious proceeding, a curious notion.
Stean, v. to line a well. They will say * the brick steaning is all to
\^pron, too] pieces.*
Steddle, the frame on which corn-ricks are placed. So he^steddle
for bedstead, which latter HaUiwell gives as an Essex word.
Stoach, V. to trample in holes, as cattle do in winter ; synonymous
with * poach.' So HalliweU. Stoachy is ground so trampled, and
therefore muddy and dirty. The word etodge, used for thick mud, ia
akin.
Stock, the udder. So HaUiweU (Kent).
Stock, a rabbit^stab. * Stop ' (Sussex). See Stab.
Stoke, V, to poke the fire. So HalliweU (var. dial). Hence stol'er.
Stolt, adj. strong, stout. So HalliweU (Sussex).
Stomachy, adj. obstinate, self-wiUed ; often used of a colt when he
is being broken in.
* And savour less of stomach or of passion.'
Ben Jonson, £very Man in his Humour^ Act II. sc. i.
Stood, pp. stuck fast.
Strand, a stalk of grass. The children make what they caU a strand
of strawberries, t. e. they take a long stalk and thread it fuU of them.
Stride, a long distance.
Strig, the foot-stalk of a flower, leaf, or fruit. So HaUiweU (South).
Stub, V. to take the short feathers off a fowl after it has been plucked.
HalliweU gives * Stub-featJierSy the short, unfledged feathers on a fowl
after it has been plucked.' Hence the adjective stuhhy. The poultry-
man said of the ducks, * They pick so hard, so stuhhy,*
Stud, a state of meditation or thoughtfulness, a brown study. So
HaUiweU (West).
Soilage, the muck or dung-water that runs out of a farm-yard. So
HaUiweU (Kent). Also any sediment or refuse from a drain.
Sundays and woiic-a-days, phr. used to describe such work as a
shej)herd's or a carter's, which obUgos him to attend every day. * He 's
at it Sundays and work^a-days,*
Swage, V. used of water which leaks out or bubbles up.
Swanky, smaU beer. So HalliweU (West).
Swap, v. to reap com, pease, or beans. So HaUiweU. To cut wheat
in a peculiar manner, to chop, not to reap it (Sussex).
106 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [C. 4.
Sweal, V. to singo or bum the hair of a pig. HalliweU 'Swale.'
Wickliffo's New TeHtaxnent has iufoliden, Matt ziiL 6 ; d Apocalypse,
xvi. 9.
Swelt, scorched, overcome with heat. Halliwell, * Sweltered (West).'
Swimy [sweimil or Swimy-headed, adj. giddy. * I come over so
«wimt/, othorwhile;' f. c. 1 feel so giddy every now and then. So
ILdliwoU (Sussex).
Swingle, that part of the flail which beats out the com from the
straw. So Ilalliwoll (var. dial).
Tackle, implements of husbandry. When inferior they are described
as * wory poor tackle,*
Tag. See Teg.
Tail np, v. to flow back ; e,g, * Tlie buster under the road is not
big enough to take the water, it tails up on to my land.'
Take worse. A person seized with illness is universally said ' to be
UH)k worse,* Ilailiwell gives take as a Dorsetshire word for a sadden
illness.
Tally, V. a word used by the hop-pickers. To tally at seven or eight
^ irt to got a shdling for seven or eight bushels. When they first begin
to pick thoy will say, ' We*ve not yet heard what we shall tally at : '
or thoy will say to thoir employer, ' What's the tally f * A man told
luo ho was making uineponce a tally of his cabbages ; the tally in that
cuso was sixty.
Team, not restricted to horses. ' A good team of cows ' is the general
oxproHsion fur a nice lot of cows. Ilailiwell gives the word as used,
ill Kent, for a litter of pigs, but I never heard it in this sense in
Surrey. The latter is always & /arrow,
< A (erne of dolphins raunged in araj
Drew the smooth oharet of sad Cymoent.*
Spenser, F. Q,, B. iiL C. it. xxxiiL
Ted. To carry liay on ted, is when it is not got into rows, but is
hastily raked up as it lies abroad, and the groimd is cleared as you
go. Soo Tede m E. D. S. Glos. B. 16. Ct * tedded grass;' Milton,
r. Z., ix. 450.
Teg, pronounced [tag], a sheep of a year old. An ewe of that age is
an ewe-tay.
Tell, V. to count. So the ' TeUer ' in the House of Commons is he
who counts the votes.
Tellar, Teller, a sapling tree. Halliwell gives ' Tiller ' as a Kentish
word in this sense. Samjilara^ Oxon. I believe that this word in its
primary sense is a ' layer,' although now it has come to mean an
independent tree. Com is said to tiller out when it stocks out woU
and covers the ground. Evelyn (Silva and Terra^ i. 224) speaks of
the thickening of copses by laying of a * sampler ' or pole, Cf. A.S.
telgor.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 107
Temporary, pronounced [temp'ori], badly built, of inferior materials.
A common expression is, * It *8 a very ternpory old place.*
Terrify, v. to annoy or importunate. A bad cough is said to be very
terrifying, A person who asks for a thing over and over again is said
to keep all on terrifying. So flies are said to terrify the cattle. See
N, and Q. 5 S. vi. 6, 50.
Thill-hamess, shaft-harness. Cotswold dialect, also *• All.'
Threadle [thredi], v. to thread a needle.
Throt, the throat.
Tice, v. to entice. A tice at cricket is a ball pitched up to the
block-hole, so called because, under the semblance of a full pitch, it
entices you to hit at it.
Tidy, a child's pinafore. So Halliwell (North).
Tiflfy, adj. touchy, irritable ; a * tiff-oxii ' is a quarrel.
Tilt, (1) the movable top of a van ; also, (2) for tilth, the condition
of land.
Timmersome, adj. timid. Halliwell gives timhersome in this sense
(West).
Tine [tein], the prong of a fork. So Halliwell. A ihTe%-tine fork is
a tluree-pronged fork.
Tissick, a cough. Chickens that gape about are said to be timcky,
Halliwell, * A tickling £unt cough (East).'
Tear, the long coarse grass of a pasture field. Halliwell gives ' Toare *
as a Kentish word in this sense.
To it, phr. the verb do being understood. A man about to do a thing
will say, ' I was just a going to it,*
Tolt [toalt], a clump of trees. Halliwell gives ' Tulo ' as a Sussex
word in this sense.
Tommy, bread. Halliwell, 'Provisions (var. dial.).'
Took to, pp. vexed, put out at anything. They will also say * quite
in a taMng' in the same sense.
TooL * A very poor tool ' is an indifferent workman, a bad hand.
Topping, adj. leadings influential. A person of local influence
would be described as a topping man in these parts. * I have heard
say that he had no less than 1000 slaves, some of whom were topping
merchants, and had many slaves under them;' Dampier's Voyages^ Ann.
1682. * The Throe Cranes in the Yintry, then the most topping tavern
in London ; ' Sir W. Scott, Kenilworth, Chap. ii. cidfinem.
Trapes about, to go about in a slip-shod, slovenly manner. Halliwell
gives * Leg-trapes, a sloven (Somerset).'
Trettles, the dung of sheep, hares, or rabbits. Halliwell, ' treddle
(South). Tressles (Sussex).'
Troubled, pp. haunted, inhabited by ghosts.
Truck, odds and ends, rubbish. So Halliwell (East).
108 SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. [CI
Tmg, a small wooden basket used in gardening and husbandry, such
as is carried into the field by persons weeding. So HalliweU (Sussex).
lie gives * ash-trug, a coal-scuttle (North).'
Tuffety a tuft ; always so pronounced. * A iuffet of grass.'
'Little Miss Muffet
Sat on a tufei,'
Turn. ' I Ve had a smartish bout of it this tum,^ i, e, this time, this
attack. So Spenser:
' Doe thou my weaker wit with skill inroire,
Fit for this turns.'' — 2 Cantos of MutaSilitu, G. rii. ii.
Tussock, a tuft of rank, coarse grass. HalliweU, ' a tangled knot or
heap.*
TTnacconntable, adv. used intensitively, in which sense tconderftd is
very commonly used (cf. German wunderhar). Work is said to be
* unaccountable slack/ or a man is ' unaccountable active, ill/ or the like.
TTnbekant, pp. illegitimate, of unknown parentage ; alias chance-
bom.
TTngain, adj. unprofitable, awkward ; e, g, * It 's a very ungain sort of
job.' They will also use it of a place, meaning badly situated and
unproductive. * It always was an ungain sort of place.' Qain^ near.
The y at nest road ; i. e, the nearest road. (Provincial Words, Yorkshire;
N, and Q, 5 S. v. 495.)
Up, V. Ho or she 7ip8, i. e. gets up, generally impl}nng hurriedly or
passionately. HalliweU, * get up (West).'
TTpstanding, pres. part, tall or high, well developed, of man or animal.
A horse seventeen hands high would be described as a * grut upstand-
ing horse.' Of some new cows that I had bought my cowman said,
* They are longer, higher, more upstandinger, than what our'n be.*
Upstart, adj. one that gives himself airs, domineering. 'He's a
wonderful upstart sort of a man I can teU you.'
Upwards, adv. [up'urdzl They wiU say the wind is uppards^ mean-
ing that it is northwards ; just as * the wind is getting down ' means
that it is getting to the south. * He lives somowheres vppards,* in the
phraseology of these parts, means he lives between here and London.
Use [euz], V. to accustom to j e, g. of a young horse — * He has never
been in harness, but you 'U soon use him to it.'
Vantage, advantage.
Venturesome, adj. adventurous.
Waste, to melt. * The snow wast-es [ waist 'ez] very fast'
Water-dogs, s. pi. dark clouds that seem to travel through the air by
themselves, and indicate a storm. HalliweU makes them identical
with mareS'tailSy but they are distinct things in Surrey language.
Wattles, a pi. hurdles made of split w6od.
C. 4.] SURREY PROVINCIALISMS. 109
Weander. A calf lately weaned, or one tliat is intended for wean-
ing and not for fatting, is always called a tocander, [/^^r is clearly
rfeer, i. e. animal. See Heeder, Sheder in Halliwell. — W. W. S.]
Wean-year, a calf of this year's weaning.
Welted^ pp. scorched, dried up. They will say *the grass or the
com is regular weltedJ [Cf. weaJkedy withered, in Sackville*8 Intro-
duction, st. 12.]
Wet, V. to rain slightly or drizzle. So also they say 'it damps a
little.' To ' wet the tea ' is to make tea.
Whiffle, V. to come in gusts, said of the wind.
Whilk, V. to howl. So HalUwell, ' to yelp, bark (South).'
Whippens, the bar to which the traces of the front horses are fastened.
Winded, Full-winded, phr. i. e. right out in the wind, exposed ;
e. (f. * That com stands right out there full-windedy and 'nil soon be
fittingio carry.'
Windrow, the row in which com or hay is set for drying. It is more
generally used of the latter.
Withy, the willow. A * withy-hed ' is the terai for a willow-bed.
Wittles, victuals. A word constantly used of the food of men or
animals. * I'll fust get a bit o' vnttles, and then 111 bo off,' %, e. I
will have something to eat.
Woodreve, the woodman, the forester of the Midland Counties.
This is the only local word in which the old name of * reve ' or officer
is retained. We have still the port-rccw, and sheriff or shire-reeve.
Yaffier [yaafler], the green woodpecker. Halliwell, * Yaffil (Ilere-
ford).' ** Yaffle^ or yaffil; the green woodpecker is so called in Surrey
and Sussex. This name has reference to the repeated notes of tho
bird, which have been compared to the sound of a laugh. White of
Selbome says, * the woodpecker laughs.' In the poem of the Peacock
occurs —
* And Chanticleer crowed and tbo yaffil laughed loud. * '*
YarreU'a Jiritith Birds, vol. ii. p. 137. '
It is in consequence of the laughing note that this bird has the follow-
ing names in different counties, all mven by Halliwell. Hocco (Dray-
ton), Hefful (Craven), Heighhaw (Cotgrave), Heyhoe (Jiays EnglUh
Words, ed. 1674^. 84), Hickol (West), Hickway [Withals, ed. 1601,
p. 21), Yuckel (Wilts.). The word heyhoe is not ^ven by Ray in his
Collection of Words, but in an appendix containmg A Catalogue of
English birds, where we find — * Tne green woodpecker or woodspito ;
called by some heyhoe ; Picus viridia ' (p. 84). He adds — * The greater
spotted wood-pecker or Hick-waU ; Picua varius major ; * also, * The
lesser spotted wood-pecker or Witwal ; Picm varitM minor, ^
Years, in, phr. * Getting in years,* far advanced in life ) e, g, * My
missus was getting in years afore I met with her.' Far-iah on is the
expressive term in the North. In a phrase of the following kind the
word year is omitted. They say, * She 's in her seventeen, or eight-
teen/ meaning, her seventeenth or eighteenth year.
t
v.— A GLOSSAEY OF WORDS USED IN
OXFORDSHIRE.
By MBS PAEXEE.
[Thb following words were kindly communicated to me by "Mt
Geo. Parker, assistant in the Bodleian Library, who has helped me
80 much in my edition of Piers Plowman^ and in other ways.
They were collected by Mrs Parker in the neighbourhood of Eyns-
ham, Handborough, North Leigh, South Leigh, Barnard Gate, etc,
places lying between Oxford and Banbury. The foUowing particulars
are due to Mrs Parker also.
The dialect is not very rich in peculiar words, but is chiefly
marked by what we should call a very ungrammatical use of pro-
nouns, and some odd forms in the use of verbs with a negative.
Thus the ordinary salutation is — * How bist thee this mamin* ? * Answer
— * I be better ; how bist thee ? * So too, * I am going * becomes
* I be agwain ' [ei bee ugwain*]. * Her * [ur] is used as a nominative
case, but * I ' [ei] as a dative or accusative, as in the phrase * Give it
/.* Note also — * bisn't,* t. e. hist thou not, for art thou not ; * I byent '
[ei byent*], i. e, I he not, ' I am not ;' casn't [kasnt], t, e, canst not;
* shatn't ' [shat'nt], i. e, shalt not ; and the examples following :
I dwun't [dwunt], I do not.
Thee doesn't [duos'nt], thou doet not.
Her dwun*t, she does not.
Us (or we) dwun't, we do not.
You dwun't, you do not.
Them (or They) dwim't, they do not.
C. 6.] OXFORDSniRB. Ill
I 'ood [uod], I would.
Thee 'oodst [uodst], thou wouldst.
Her ood, she would.
Us You, They ood, we, you, they would.
I ool [uol], I wilL
Thee oot, or ootst [uot, uotst], thou wilt.
Her ool, she will.
Us, You, Them (or They) ooL
I shall
Thee shat, thou shalt.
Her shall, she shall.
Us, You, Them {or They) ool.
I hyent [byent*], I am not.
Thee bisn't, thou art not.
»
Her yent, she is not.
Us {or We), You, They hyent {hyent being but one syllable).
The form oot is the Mid. Eng. icolt ; ootst is, of course, merely a
corrupt form.
Thee is pronounced with a very obscure vowel sound [dhu*], unless
said emphatically, when it becomes [dhee] in full. Ex. * Th' bist,
I tell th' ; ' but, on the other hand, ' she is not going, but thou shalt
go' has the emphatic form, viz. ^ Her yent agwain, but thee t^iat
go * [ur yent ugwain* but dhee* shat* goa].
The following interrogative forms are in common use. Doosn't
[duoz'nt], dost thou not, don't you ? Oot, or Ootst [uot, uotst], wilt
thou, will you ? Shat [shat], shalt thou, shall you 1 Oodst [uodst],
wouldst thou, would you %
The following phrases are used in addressing horses when drawing
loads :
Come back, turn round, and go the contrary road.
Geo back, turn to the right (t. e, from the driver, who is on the
left), and go the contrary road.
Come hero np, come towards me a yard or two.
112 OXFORDSHIRE. [C. 5.
066 up, go from me a little.
Come hajther, wnt [knm] aidhiur, wnot], i. e, come liither, wilt
thon ; meaning, come towards me and go slower.
Haw wat [au' wnot], come here, wilt thou ; meaning, come to-
wards me a little. (Initial h is not pronomiced. See HaQffie.)
Het up, go^from me a little. (CI ' heit^ scot ! heity brok ! ' in
Chancer's Frerea Tale.)
Whut baek [whuot bak], i. e, wilt thou go back ; meaning stand
back a bit.
^Irs Parker kindly related to me a commonly cnrrent example of
an Oirfordshire conrersation between Betty and Molly, two neigh-
bonrs, wherein Molly relates the death of her husband Johnny, and
expresses a hope that he is gone to ' Jahbmm*s (Abraham's) bosom.'
The sympathinng and more learned Betty corrects her expression to
' Beelzebub's.' I have tried to render this quaint story ^ as well as I
could, and must beg pardon if the * glossic ' rendering is not all that
it should be. It runs as follows : —
" How do, Betty 1"—" How do, Molly, and how 's Johnny I"—
" Johnny, poor soul, he 's dyead." — ** Dyead ? thee does n't mean to
saay so ! " — " Ees, I do ; for 'a com home las' night, an' 'a sez, * Molly,
I be wery bad ; ' and I sez, * be you, Johnny 1 ' An' 'a sez, * ees, I be.'
An* I sez, * 'oot a' a posset, Johnny ] ' An' 'a sed 'a 'ould ; an' I
fetcht un a penny louf an' a pint o' yail, an' a* yet un an' 'a drunk
un ; an' I houpt to my soul 't 'ould do 'n good ; but 'twam't to be so,
an' about ten o'clock 'a sez — * 3Iolly, I be wusserer an' wusserer ; ' an'
I sez — * Be you, Johnny ? ' an' *a sez — * ees, I be.' An' I sez, ' 'out
ha' another posset, Johnny 1' an' *a sed 'a 'ould. An' I fecht un
another penny louf and a pint o' yail, an' 'a yet un an' a drunk un,
an' I houpt to my soul 't 'ould do 'n good. But 't waam't to be so,
an' about twelve o'clock las' night 'a stretcht out his gyapin' limbs,
an' died sprahlin'. Here a pause ; after vchicli — ^I hopes e's gone to
Jahbrum's bosom." Ilere Betty interposes — "Jahbnim's bosom! thee
doesn't mean Jahbrum's bosom, thee myeanst (meanest) Belzebub ! "
Answer — " Ah ! p'rhaps I do ; for thee canst read an' write an'
> Mr C. C. Robinson remarks that he has heard it in Yorkshire repeatedly.
C. 8.] OXFORDSHIRE. 113
know'st all the ten commandiments, an' all them 'ere things'better 'n
I do. So good day, Betty."—" Good day, Molly." Exeunt
Glossic rendering of the above :
Ou doo, Bet'i] — ou doo, MoMI nn oui Joni? — Jon-i, poor
soul (sic), eez dyed*. — Dyed- ] dhu' duos'nt myen* tu saai soa ! — Ees,
i doo; for u kum oam.laas neit, nn u sez, MoM, ei bee weri bad,\
un i sez, bee* yn, Jon'i 1 nn u sez, ees, i bee. Tin i sez, not aa n
pos'ut, Joni 1 nn n sed n nod, nn ei fecht nn u pen*i louf (sic), nn n
peint n yai'h'l, nn n yet* un, nn u drungk* un, un ei oupt tu mi soul
tuod doo)n guod ; but twaant tu bee soa ; nn ubout ten uklok u sez,
MoH, ei bee wus'erer nn wus'erer; un ei sez, bee yu, Jon*i1 un n
sed, ees, i bee; nn ei sez, uot aa unudhur pos'ut, Joni? un u sed
n nod ; nn ei fecht nn unudhur peni louf \md u peint u yai'hl, un
n yet* nn nn a drungk* nn, un ei oupt tu mi soul tuod doo n guod ;.
but twaant tu bee soa, un uboot* twelv uklok laas neit u strecht out
iz gyaa*pin limz nn deid spraa'lin. — ^Ee oups eez gaun tu Jaa'brumz
buzm. — Jaa'brumz buz*m! dhee duos'nt myen* Jaa'brumz buz'm,
dhee myenst* Bel'zibub ! — ^Aa, praps i doo ; for dhee kunst raid un'
reit nn noast aul dhu ten kumaandiments un aul them air thingz
bet'ur n ei doo ; soa guod dai, Bet'L — Guod dai, Mol'L
The following proverbs are current in the neighbourhood :
^ A wlustlin' woman and a crowin* hen
Be neither good for God nor men.'
(Here woman is pronounced [uom*un], and the h in ken is dropped,
as is usual in words beginning with h,)
Mrs Parker remarks — ' It is the custom in Handbro' and the vil-
lages around to chop off the heads of crowing hens ; I have known
many killed, but I do not remember one being allowed to live.'
' Do'nt [dwont] keep a dog, and bark thyself.'
' My son 's my son till he gets him a wife,
Bat my daughter 's my daughter all the days of her life.'
' There 'b never a Jack, but there 's always [ol'urz] a Jill.*
W. W. S.]
J
. ^. ^
114 OXFORDSHIRE. [C. 5.
A. This letter is pronounce4 ah [aa*] by the old people ; that is, they
speak of it as * the letter ah [aa*].'
A [u or u'], proiL he, him. -4, or Aim, is used instead of tV, which is
never used. Exx. * Give I Atm,* * Wher is a ^ ' meaning a coat,
spade, or anything. He is often used for him. Ex. * I sin Ac a f other
side a th' road.'
Apem [aipnim], an apron«
Artemoon [aa*tunoon], afternoon.
Aihore [ushoar*], a-jar ; said of a door. ' Leave the door ashore,'
Afhirt, prep, across. Ex. ' athirt the road,' ' across the road.' (Tumble-
down-Didc, near Hailey.)
Ax, y. to ask.
Ayensam, Aensam, or (more modem) Ensam [ai'onsum, onsum]«
pronunciations of Eynsham. Also [aa'insum] or [ein'sum] is heard
at Barnard Gkite, near Eynsham.
Bar [baar], a^j. bare.
Bamut Yat, Barnard Gate, near Eynsham ; but now usually called
Bamut QeU except by very old people of the place.
Be, V. am, are. The use of the plural he is more refined than the
use of the singular hisi, in the second person. The pronoun is then
often omitted, as, *How hef* *Who hef* * Be ready?' meaning
• How be ee P * * Who be ee P * * Be ee ready P ' where, ee is for ye.
Beant [bi'h'nt], pres. pi. are not. (Blackthorn, near Bicester.)
Bis'nt ? for bist thou not, t. e. art thou not. Pronounced [bis-nt], not
hiz'nt [biz'nt].
Blizzy [blizi], a flaring fire produced by putting on small sticks. Ex.
' Let 's 'a a oit of a blizzy afore us goes to bed.'
Body-horse, the third horse in a team of four. See Lash-horse,
Bumble-bee, a humble-bee.
Bwile [bweil], v. to boiL
Bwile the pot, cook a dinner. Ex. * Bist a gwain to hwt'Ie ih^ ixd
to-day P ' * No, ee byent' Byent is spoken in one syllable [byent*],
and differs from Blackthorn * Beant,* q. v.
Bwolt [bwoalt], a bolt.
Bwoy [bwoi], a boy.
Bwnnny [bwun-i], adj. bony.
Byent [byent-], 1 p. s. pres. am not Pronoimced in one syllable.
Cas'nt [kasnt], canst not. Ex. 'Thee cas'nt' you cannot. Inter-
rogatively-TCcw'n< $ can't you P * Ckia'rU do't ? ' [kas-nt duct], can't you
doit?
C. 6.] OXFORDSHIRE. 115
Cattle [kat'l], confusion. 'What a cattle I* (North-leigh.) (In
West of England, a caddie.)
Cliany [chaini], sb. and adj. china.
Charm [chaaml a noise such as a number of children make. A.S.
cyrm. Used Dy Milton; P. L. iv. 642, 651.
Chawdaw [chau'dau], a chaffinch. (Near Oxford.)
Chawfinch [chau-finch], a chaffinch. (Handborough, Freeland, &c.)
Cheer [cheer], a chair.
Clack, talk, noise. Ex. ' Hauld thee clach^
Clout a' th' yed, a box on the eara Ex. Carter. * I *U gi* th' a clout
a* th* yed if tha doossent mind what tha* hist at.* Saucy Ploughhoy.
* I knows tha oottent.' {Dooeent is [duos'nt], t. e. dost not. Odent is
[uot'nt], i, e, wilt not.)
Cobbler, a call-word for turkeys.
Cob-house, pronounced cobbus [kob'us], a cobweb. (Chasleton.)
Come pcum], pt. t. came.
Commaudiments [oumaand'iments], (the ten) commandments. This
word is interesting, as preserving the old pronunciation ; found even
as late as in Spenser; see F. Q., I. iii. 9.
Cook pot, cook a dinner. Ex. * I shan't cook pot to-daay.' Accent
on pot, To-daay is [tu-daa'i]. (Tumble-down-Dick, near Hailoy.)
Cow-lady [kiou'laidi], a lady-bird ; gen.
Crack up, v. to praise, to over-extol. Ex. * I be*ant a goo*in to crack
eeup BO much.* (Blackthorn, near Bicester.)
Cup [kup], a call word to cows, &c.
Cup biddy, a call word to fowls.
Cwoat [kwut ; also kuo'h*t, at Blackthorn], a coat.
Daay [daai], day. The a is sounded ak^ Also taay (tea), saay (say),
&c (Lew ; a very small village between Witney and Bampton.)
Dabwash, a wash of a few things only.
Deep, adj. knowing, not easily found out
Dibber, a dibble. (Oxford.) See Settin*-pin.
Didst, V. sing, did you )
Didst thee ? meaning ' did you also ? ' with emphasis on ihce.
Dillin, a very small pig belonging to some litters. There is not a
dillin in every litter.
Dinks [dinks], v. to dance a baby in one's arms.
Dout, V. to extinguish.
Droo [droo], adj. droD. * Ho 's s* droo/ * he s so comical (North-
leigh.) •
116 OXFORDSHIRE. [C. 6.
Sndman rdudmuii], a scarecrow ; made out of duds, t. e. rags, and
dressed like a man ; gen.
Snmmel, adj. slow, stupid, dull ; without much feeling, as a donkey
is said to be dummel from ill usage.
Ee, you (lit. ye), is a more refined word than thee, but it is used
in the sense of you, and is not omitted as often as thee is ; thus, Ex.
' Who did ee see up strit ? ' but ' Who didst see ? ' is sufficient without
thee, Ee is used to a superior, and not thee, except by yery old people
who cannot use the more refined word.
Ees [ees], adv. yes. The « as in sin,
E^g on, V. to entice on, to encourage. Ex. * You eggs he on.' That
IS, you make him worse by encouraging him in what he is doing.
Fairish, adj. tolerably welL Ex. * I be fairish,'
Fet, V. to fetch ; pp. fot, Ex. * I ha* bin an* fot a bit a coaL'
Fettle, order. * Out o' fettle,* out of order. * A little out of fettle
this maminV
Fidget £fij*ut], an uneasy, unsettled state. Ex. ' I be all in sifidgui,'
Fit [fit], 8. pL feet
Fluster, a flutter.
Formst, the first horse in a teauL The first horse is seldom called
by his name ; if the driver sees him looking carelessly about him, he
calls out ' Forrust !* when he instantly pricks up his ears, and attends to
his work. See LaaJi-horse,
Frit, pp. frightened. * Frit to death.'
Frock, a dress.
Fut [fut], foot. The plural iajit.
Oallied, pp. [gal'id], confused with noise. Ex. * My head 's gaUied*
Qi, gallow, to temfy, in K, Lear, m. ii. 44.
Give out, imp. leave off.
Go at, V. to do ; used in reference to farm-labour. Ex. * Master,
what be I to 5^0 at V
God-Amiglity*s pig, a wood-louse. (Handborough.)
Gooin [goo'in], pres. part, going. (Blackthorn.) The form gwain
[gwam] is also common.
Grace [grais], grease.
Guggle, a snail's shell.
Haggle [ag"l], v. to harass oneself with work, often applied to ener-
getic preachers. Ex. * 'ow *a did 'aggie 'isself.' (Blackthorn.)
Hangkitcher [angkichur], handkerchief.
Har [aar], hair. In the villages bordering on Gloucestershire, they
say yar [yaar].
C. 8.] OXFORDSHIRE. 117
Hat. ' As true as my old liat ' [nz troo uz mei ould at], i, e, very
true. An unmeaning simile.
Heah back [i'h'h bak], a word used to call sheep from trespassing
on the com.
Her [ur], pron. she. Ex. * Her 'a up-stars.'
Ho ! Ho ! [oa], interj. a word used to call sheep to their food.
Holler [ol'ur], v. to call out ; to cry out.
Houxen [ouzn], s. pL houses.
How bist t how are you. Ex. * How hist t'-day V * I dunno, mid-
dlin*; how hist theer
Hoxy. See Oxi/.
Hud [ud], a pea-sheU.
Hnt [ut], pt. t. struck, did hit. Ex. * Her 'ut V
Hwome [whoam], home. (Barnard Gate.)
ly pron. for me, Ex. * Her 's a gwain wi' /.'
Jumpin' -stile, two sticks set up^ and one laid across, for children to
jump over.
Kangle [kang'l], a tangle.
Keck-'andedy a^j. left-handed, clumsy. * '£r 's the mwust kech-^anded
thing as ever tha sin in thee life.'
Kyerlic [kier'lik], a weed which grows among the wheat ; charlock.
Lapp^n [lap*n], a silly person. Ex. * What a gret Ixipp^n tha bist.'^
Lam [laam], v. to teach.
Lash-horse, the second horse in a team of four. The four horses are
called Forrust, Lash-horsey Body-horse^ and ThiUer,
Leaaou [liaa*oo] Lew ; a place-name. This word is said to rhyme
with the mewing of a cat on a stormy night. (Lew.)
Loppetm*, adj. leaning or lolling about idly.
Haggled, pp. tired out. * I be maggled to dyeath,' i. e. hot and tired.
(Blackthorn.)
Xammered, or Kommered [mommrd], whiqh is the older form, pp.
confused by repetition. Children often say a word oyer and oyer again,
till they can say it no longer, and then say that they are mammered.
Master, Mister. Labourers are called Master So-and-so, when not
called by their Christian names; only the principal fiEumers, &c are
called if isfer.
Kated [maitid], pp. as acy. confused with trouble. 'I be legUar
mated.
118 OXFORDSHIRE. [C. 5.
Katheg^lum [maathaiglum], mctheglin, mead, ''ool eo 'a a draap
o' my maatheglum $ '
Ked, y. may.
Kotherisli, adj. In making egg-flip, if it turns out curdled, it is
said to be motherish. [In some counties, motherish means mouldy. —
W. W. S.]
Kuck, dung. (Chastleton, near Chipping Norton.)
Kuddle, untidiness from having a confusion of work about. Ex. * I
bo all in a muddle^' It is also used as a verb, *How her muddles
about ; * meaning she does n*t work systematically, but gets her work
all about her in an unfinished state, and muddles by domg a little at
one thing, and a little at another, and finishing nothing. A girl of
this description is called a muddler,
HxLggJf adj. foggy, close, hot ; used of weather.
Kyed [myed*], a meadow.
Ifaoker, an old horse.
Nighty - nighty, or Oood- nighty, good-night, a phrase used by
very old people. (Barnard Gkte.)
Nubblins [nub*linz], or Nubbles [nub'lz], s. pi. small pieces of coal.
(Handborough. )
Okkurd, adj. awkward.
Ood [uod], wood. Ooden-'eaded [uod'n-edid], adj. wooden-headed,
stupid.
Ood'st ? Ood*st thee ? would you 1 or, emphatically, would you f
Oodstock [uod'stok], Woodstock.
Oct [uot], wilt ; Ootst [uotst], wouldst (interrogatively) ; Ootst thee
(with emphasis on thee), would you $ Ex. * Her wunt go ; ootst theeP
or, * oot thee ? '
Ootn't [uot-nt], won't youl Ex. ' Oo^?i7,' won't youl ' OotnH aV,'
won't you have it ?
Oxy, adj. clinging, said of dirt. * It 's oxy* i. e, the dirt sticks to
one's foet. Cf . * Hoxy, muddy, dirty ' ; Halliwell.
Fainohes, s. pi. pieces of broken crockery.
Pash, V. to beat a walnut, or any other tree, with a pole, to knock
the fruit down.
Pass [paas], v. to suit. A servant, wishing to be engaged, recom-
mends herself by saying, * The x>eople says I bee likely to pass.*
Peek, V. to peep.
Peeling, s. peel.
Pen, a sheep-fold. Ex. ' Set the pen*
Picked (two syllables) [pik'id], adj. peaked, pointed.
C. 6.] OXPORDSHIRR 119
Filler, a pillow.
Pinner, a pinafore.
Flim, y. n. to fill out, to swell. Plums in a pudding are said Uyplim
in the boiling.
Flim, adj. well filled out. Cf. Eng. plump.
Fosset [posmt], bread soaked in ale, given as a restorative.
Fnggins [puginz], refuse of inferior wheat that has not been win-
nowed fit)m the chaff ; given to fowls ; gen. * Fetoh some puggvM f«r
the fowls.*
Kind [rind] (with short «), rind, bark.
Sahcer [saa-ser], a saucer.
Sarvice [saa-vis], a situation as a servant ' Farmer Jobson's, mam,
was my last sarvice,*
Scant, Scaat [skaut, skaat], v. to hang back by forcing the heels
against the ground; also, to slip along in the mud. (Blackthorn,
Woodstock.) * I sin her <i-scautin along in the dirt.'
Scrimpy, adj. little, mean, poor. Ex. 'Thine's a scrimpy bit a
har ; * yours is a poor lot of hair.
Scmnch, v. to bite up quickly and noisily, as children do sweets.
Scmng^, V. to crowd, to press. Ex. ' 'ow tha doost scruiige I '
Service. See Sarvice.
Set on, V. to employ a workman. * I can't set tha an to-day ; ' gen.
Settin'-pin, a dibble ; used to make holes in the ground for planting
seeds, &c.
Settin'-pin-ind, the small end of a leg of mutton. (Barnard Gate.)
Sharps, s. pi. shafts of a cart.
Shet in, and Shet out ' Sfiet un m,' t. e. put the horse in. * Shet un
outf take the horse out of harness.
Shet oflF, V. to leave off work with a team. ' What time be us to
shet offy Master ? ' gen.
Shick-shack, a piece of a branch of an oak, carried by boya on Shich-
shack dayy t. e. May 29, or Boyal-Oak day.
Ship, s. sing, and plur. sheep.
Showl [shoul], a shoveL
Sin, pt. t. saw.
Skimmer-lad [skim*ur-lad], the remains of a pudding made into a
flat dumpling, and taken out of the pot with a skimmer; gen«
Slan, a sloe. The plural is slans [slanz].
Slibber [slib'ur], v. to slip, to slide. * 'er 's a sUhberin^ an the pool.'
Slommock, v. to walk in a loose, rolling fashion. Ex. **ow *er
l20 OXFORDSHIRE. [C 5.
«Zom77iocX:0 about in them aiild shoes ;' also < How «^>mmoeMn' tha Im
SlommockB, an untidy, loosely-dressed person. Ex. * 'er 'a sich a
> slommocks,*
Slouch, a sun-bonnet.
Slouch along, y. to walk in a careless, lounging manner.
Smack, a slap.
Sock, a blow. Ex. ' That stwun 'ut I sich a sock.'
Betty P Who 's that ? ' Betty then asks — ' Whether Boger may come
and milk my cows, Mam ? '
Squall, y. to scream.
Squatch [skwoch], y. to make a slight noise. (Handborough, &c.)
' I did n't wake tha, I neyer aquatch*d,* * If thee 'ult take I to church,
I wim*t aquaich,* (C£ gqtieak,)
Squez, pt. t. squeezed.
Stale [stoil], the handle of anything. (Chipping Norton.)
Stars, 8. pi. stairs. At Barnard Gate, it is heard as staayen
Qstaa'yerz], Ex. * GKx) up staayerSt *oot I '
Stwun [stwun], a stone. At Blackthorn^ called stooun [stoo'h'n].
Summot, something.
Tay [tai], tea. Also faay [taai] at Lew ; see Daay.
Thiller, the horse in the shafts, when there is a team. See La4th-
horse.
Tiddler, a lamb fed with the bottle. If a tiddler is amongst a
hundred more lambs, and you call out ' tuck, tuck, tuck,' he will in-
stantly run to you as fast as he is able.
Tollit [tol'ut], a hay-loft ; gen.
Turmut, a turnip.
Up a-fleld, phr. round the farm. Ex. *I be a gooin' up a-fitld'
(Blackthorn.)
Var-nigh, adv. very near.
Viper's dance, St Yitus's dance ; gen.
Waps, a wasp.
Watcherd [woch'urd], pp. wet in the feet ; lit. weUhod, Ex. ' I
be waUherd* (This word occurs in PierB Plowman^ C. xxi. 1 — * Wo-
*. werie and weUchod,*)
Whit-leather,. the cartilage of the neck of mutton or beef.
C. 5.] OXFORDSHIRE. 121
Work-by-fhe-gret [bith-gret], piece-work. Ex. * I be at work 6a-
th'-gret now.' They also say * at work bith' day*
Worrat [wtir'ut], v. to worry.
Yallaa [yal-aa], adj. yellow.
Yat [yat], a gate. (Barnard Gate.) See Bamut Tat.
YawnnpSy a silly, foolish person. Ex. 'What a gret yavmups tha
bistr
Yelm [yelm, or yoalm], v. to place straw ready for the thatcher.
Women sometinies ydm, but they do not thatch. [The literal sense is,
to place handfuls ready. * Oilm, a yelm, a handjful of reaped com,
bundle, bottle ; manij^ulus. Eowre gilmcta stodon (»'. e. your sheaves
stood up), Gen. xxxyu. 7 ; * Bosworth's A.8. Diet.— W. W. S.]
Yer, adv. here.
Yet [yet], heat.
Yow [yoa], a ewe.
5»}aH WARWKISHISE PROTKCIIIISMS.
MKS FRANCIS.
r^s luLiwin^ jsc i£ Wirsnck^sR wirr^ •ices not exHanat the
Tr^BahmaarT if :ai» nmxuzj. ^nc wa>s < irick excepCn^a of the
&FW- TMr^HtL Bi 3:^11105 wnirLi^f iiI isiilisetaeil izl imt^ TiBsigie^ of Tj^oe,
sear X?nt*QnL> uni 7«RBe» :inisLUnahie inisraesC &;aL che £ict that
^iB TuIiMss 2 ml J jomi* -ri^agwi miles fsnuL SCE3c£jpI-^ni-AT»»i. f>£
«uiizse 5c irniiil 3« :»kx la lufixc 'iiis ^ac 312121^ :f ?his vopis are nseil
•jc ShiUQswsDs's THIS if Wjgwfi?kMfm Wini* En. 1 ttjA hr Hx Wise,
.inly 3n»!TtniniiHi iir tau Siciiicj'j EocklffiC. 2- ^'^*^ ^^ W» gnnes a
aaiL in. jack ase. lau MiSCBice *2 It Wasif'i ^ojk as aLissii. A very
few W^JpLi ZL ^O^ ^SC IT* aXiKSEli is R!tJ>J^*J Wri-ria^ hATIBg ht&l
kfaiEr nnnaixaiisiawi 'bv Xr T^xl&. •:£ Fifl:»iu aear Ragby; bat
chifT J3» nuG inkiuwTr m Tjsce. jmi are nhfrdcge melnkied hoc]
'Oil this gr^CT. «ee Mcrrsi^ ? TTwanr^i'al On^araeft of FnglirA
p.. 1*^1 -^ ^ ilfio iz»id &ir ttsms ; see JLuifu^ and ^ vat^
► T. 1^ to Eke^ cr endizr^ * I cul'* laear tiJ
L €^bL bed.
C. 6.] SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. 123
Abide, v. a. to like, or endure.
Account^ of, of worth. < He ain't o' much account*
Adone, i, e, hayo done, leave off. 'Adone, will ye ! '
Afeardy pp. afraid.
Agin, prep. near. * He lives just agin us.'
Agreeable, adj. willing. * WeU, I 'm quite agreeable.*
Ah! adv. yes.
Aince-awhile [ainsniweil*], adv. now and then, at intervals.
AU one, all the same.
Along of, prep. (1) on account of. * It was all along of that Bill
Hancox' fancies, that the master kep* me in school.' (2) With. * Come
and go along of father.'
Amost, adv. almost. ' It was amod ready to be too much for me.'
Anent, prep, opposite.
Anigh, prep. near. ' Don't ye go anigh him ! '
Ankeroher, handkerchief.
Ankley [angk'li], the ancle.
Anointed, adj. wicked, mischievous. 'He's an anointed young
rascal.'
Alter [aa'tur], prep, after.
As. With an adjective, the word as and the adjective are frequently
repeated, to express the superlative degree. Thus * as lusty cw lustjr '
means extremely lusty, in very excellent health. The same idiom ia
very common m Camba,, where nothing is ever *very hot;' it is
always ' as hot as hot.'
Atween, prep, between.
Awhile, phr. to have time. ' I wiU do it when I can awhileJ
Awhile, yet, adv. just yet. * Not yet awhile*
Awkward, adj. obstinate, pig-headed.
Bangles, s. pi. the larger pieces of wood in faggots. ' BangUy a large
rough stick ; ' Ash's Eng. Diet. ed. 1775.
Batching, an unfledged bird.
Batch-loaf, a small fresh-baked loaf.
Becall, V. a. to speak against a person.
Bee-skep, a bee-hive.
Bettermost, ac^. superior.
Betty, the hedge-sparrow.
Bide, V. n. to remain. ^ Bide where you be, a bit ! '
124 SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. [C. 6
Bifnings [bisiiings], s. pL the fiist milk diawn from a cow who has
just calyecL Alio called Cheny-curda.
Bittocky a bit
ie, a blackbird.
Bluffy [bluf'i], adj. puffed, swelled. * Mj hands aie as bluffy at
bluffy: See^a.
Blunder, y. n. to make a noise.
Bobby» a robin.
Bout, a good turn at anything. ' He han't had a hout o' drinking
this three months.'
Brevet [brevet], v. n. to snuff about, search about, as a dog does.
* How the dog do hrtvd about, poor thing ! '
Badge, v. n. to move off. ' Come now, you budge ! '
Burrow [burr*oa], adj. sheltered, 'It is very burrow here in the
winter.'
Butty [but'i], a fellow-workman, an assistant. * John 's my butty*
Caddie [cad*l], a mess, muddle.
Cade [kaid], adj. tame. The cade lamb is the pet lamb.
Call, occasion. * He han't no call to make no work about it.'
Call one out of name, phr. to call any one by what is not his proper
name.
Canting, a4j. saucy, pert (Eugby.)
Casualty [kash'elti], ac^. feeble, shaky. ' He 's getting very old and
oaauaUy now.'
Chapel-matter, the chief ruler at the meeting-house.
Ched, adj. full to the brim with eating. (Rugby.)
Cheeses, used of the common mallow. Properly, the reference is to
the unripe seed-vessels. * Children often jamuse themselyes with
gathering and eating the unripe seed-vessels, which they call cheetn ;
fiiey are insipid, but not unwholesome ; ' Flowers of the Field, by
C. A. Johns, 4th ed. p. 114.
Chelp, V. n. to chirp.
Cherry-onrds. See Bisninga,
Chill, V. a. to take off the extreme cold from any liquid. ' I took
and chiUed a drop of milk.'
Chimbley, a chimney.
Chockpfoll, adj. as full as a thing can hold.
Choice, a4j. particular. ' He 's very choice over his victual'
Clap-gate, a gate which shuts on either of two posts joined with
bars to a third post, so that only one person can pass through at a
time.
C. 6.] SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. 125
Clat, y. n. to tatUe, tell tales. (Rugby.)
Cleft, a log of wood.
Close, a field.
Codger, a miser.
Come, when the time comes. ' She 'U be seven, come Michaelmas.'
Comical, adj. queer-tempered.
Contrairy [kontrairVi], ac^. obstinate, cross-tempered.
Conoh-grass, coarse, rough grass.
Crake [craik], a grumbling state. * She is always upon the crake!
(Literally, upon the croak,)
Crap [krap], a crop.
Crostering, adj. boasting. * He 's a crostering fellow.* (Rugby.)
Crows, s. pL rooks. ' He 's cr(n(^•tending ' means, He 's minding the
rooks.
Cubbled up, pp. cramped for room. ' We be so cuhbled up here.'
Dag, dew. ' There's been a nice flop of dag,*
Daggle [dag'l], v. a. to cut off the wool round a sheep's tail.
Daglocks [dag'loks], s. pL the bits of wool that have been cut off
round a sheep's tail. See Daggle.
.• -t
Damping [damp'in], adj. showery, drizzling. * It is rather damptn
to-day.'
Deadly, adj. quite taken up with. ' He 's a deadly man for going to
chunsh.'
Denial, hindrance, drawback. ' It 's a great denial to him to be shut
up in the house so long.'
Digester, digestion.
Dishabil [dish'ubil'], undress. ' I 'm all of a dishahilJ
Dont [dout], V. a. to extinguish. (J. R Wise, p. 151.)
Drink, or Drench, a cow or horse-medicine.
Dnbersome, adj. doubtful
Eames [eemzl, s. pi. the ' hames,' the iron pieces that go round the
collar of a horse. See Hames in Halliwell.
Earth, v. a. to turn up the ground.
Einynn-broth [ein*yun brauth], onion-broth.
Enew [eneu*], adv. enough.
Fads, s. pi. whims. ' Her 's always so full of her fads^ I 've no
patience wi' her.*
126 SOUTH WABWICKSHIEE. [C. 6.
Fall, autumn.
Fall, V. tr. to foil. * We mmtfdll that tree.*
Famelled [fam'uld], adj. famislied, starving. See Watched,
Fash [fash], v. a. to trouble. ^ He do fash hisself so.'
Fault [fault], v. n. to find a flaw or fault in any work. * Can ye
fault it?'
Faver [faivnir], a fever. * I 've got sich an innard /at?er.'
Favour [faivur], v. n. to be like in feature, to resemble. *He
favours lUB feither.'
Fettle [fet'l], good order, good condition.
Field, parish. ' That bit lies in Alkerton./S6Z6?.'
Fierce, adj. bright, sharp; applied to babies. (Also used in Combs.)
File, a cunning, deceitful person.
Fitches, s. pi. vetches.
Flacky, adj. sloppy.
Flur, a flower.
Fog [fog], rough grass.
Forecast, forethought.
Forecast [foarkaast], v. n. to provide. (J. R, Wise, p. lOG.)
Form [faum], a first-rate manner. * If you will let her play the
accompanimont, we shall sing it in a. form,* (In London slang, the
phrase is inform,)
Fother, v. a. to feed the cattle.
Franzy [franzi], adj. passionate. 'Tlie master's sich a terrible
franzy man.'
From [from], adj. hardy, vigorous ; applied to plants. * Your plants
do look /rem.* [ A.S. /rcow, /rom, strong, stout.]
Fresh, adj. rather drunk.
Frit, pp. frightened.
Oaffer [gaf-ur], grandfather. * Our old gaffe/^s dog killed a fox
hisself.*
Gear [goer], v. a. to liamess.
Oee-whoop, War-whoop ! interj. expressions used by the waggoners
to make the horses come to the near or off sides.
Geg, Gaig [ge-g], v. n. to swing.
Gentleman, a person who need not work, or is disabled from work .
Gibber pib-ur], v. n. to sweat.
Giddling, adj, giddy, thoughtless.
C. 6.] SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. 127
Oie over ! interj. leaye off!
OirL ' The girl * is tho invariable title of the servant-girl of the
fiirm.
Oirty Onrty adj. great.
Olir, v. n. to slide on the ice.
Oo on at, y. a. to abuse, to knag. ^ They do go on at me wonderful
because I go to church.'
Going in, entering upon. ' How old are you ] * * I am going in twelve,'
i. e. in my twelfth year.
Oonder, a gander.
Gore thnuher, the missel-thrush.
Ooring-crow [goar'r'in croa], a carrion-crow.
Oossips, s. pi. godfathers and godmothers.
Orinsard [grin 'surd], the turf ; lit. the greensward.
Orip, a small ditch, or drain.
Grit [grit], piece-work. Cf. the phrase to work bi/ the grenty /. e. to
undertake work in the gross, to contract for it. See Webster's Dic-
tionary.
Gronndy enclosed fields.
Grounds, an outlying farm.
Hack, V. n. to cough feebly and frequently.
Hackle, a straw cover over bee-hives.
Hackle [haki], v. a. to get the hay into rows.
Handy to, near about. * That bit o' garden-ground is handy to 20
pole.'
Happen [hap'en], adv. perhaps.
Hanlm [haum], a stubble-stack.
Headland, the border of a field. See AcUanda in Halliwell.
Heart, good condition. ' There ain't no Jieart in this land.'
Help, y. a. to take anything to a person, or see that some one else
takes it ; to send. ' Thankee, sir, I 'U be sure and hdp the book back
to you.'
Hel-rake [hel*-raik], the heel-rake, the big rake that follows the hay-
waggon.
Her, pronoun in nom. case, she.
Hickle, the green woodpecker. [Ray, in his Catalogue of Eng.
Birds, has — * The green woodpecker or woodspite, called by some hey-
hoe, Picua viridis. The greater spotted woodpecker or hickwall, Picus '
varius major. The lesser spotted wood-pecker or witwal, Picti$ variua
minor* The words hickle and hickwall are clearly the same.}
128 SOUTH WARWICKSHIER [C. 6.
Eisn, shifn, onm, youm, theim, poes. prons. his, heiSy oms, youis,
theirs.
Hookling [hok'lin], adj. awkward, shambling. ' He 's a hocldvrC sort
of walker.*
Holty a plantation, a small wood.
Honeysuckle, common red clover.
Hook-bill, a hatchet.
Hot, y. a. to warm up.
Hot, past tense of ' hit.' ' It was him as hot me.'
Honsen, s. pL houses. This old Saxon plural is still veiy commonly
used. [Many A.S. nlurals end in -^in. Oddly enough, tiie word hi%
(house) was originally unchanged in the pluraL]
Hove [hoav], v. a. to hoe.
Howsumdever, adv. however.
Hugger-mugger, disorder.
Hurden, adj. windy, drying. * It 's hurden weather now.'
Ill-conditioned, adj. ill-behaved.
niconvenient, adj. inconvenient.
In, used for * of.' ' They be just come out in school.'
Innards, inside of the body. ' I 'm that bad in my innards.*
Jack bannial, a tadpole.
Jenny, a wren.
Joisting [joist'ing], the keep of an animal who is put out to grass in
another person's field. * What must I pay for his joisting f '
Joram, a great bowl-fuL
Judge [juj], V. a. to suspect, * 1 judged Jim Townsend.'
Justly, adv. exactly.
Kay [kai], a key.
Xeck [kek], any umbelliferous plant. (J. R. Wise, p. 153.) The
form keck is a corruption ; the old word is kex^ plural kexeB.
Kind, adj. doing well, thriving. ' That cow ain't very Mnd.^
Elver [kiv'ur], the tub that the butter is made up in.
Knag [nag], v. n. to talk at a person, to tease. 'He's always a
knagging at me.'
Knoll [noal], v. a. to toU. ' Please to have the bell properly knolled.*
Lagger, a litter, a mess.
Land. A land is one ridge and furrow.
C. 6.] SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. 129
Lattermath, a second crop of grass.
Lay, land laid down for pasture.
Laylock [lai'lok], the lilac-flower.
Lean-tOy a shed leaning against another building.
Learn, v. a. to teach. * I 've learnt lum to tell his letters,'
Leastways, adv. at least.
Leese [leez], v. a. to glean com.
Lief [leef], adv. (1) gladly, soon. * I'd as lief go as stop.' (J. R.
Wise, p. 153.) (2) As liefy as woU. See example under Mesa,
4ike, a suflSx to an adjective or adverb. * It 's very pleasant-Z^^•e here.'
Like, adj. likely. * I 'd lik^ to have fallen as I come along.* Here
' I 'd like ' is a corruption of ' I was like,^ by the substitutiQU of had
for uxu, Qi, * I was like to be apprehended ; ^ Merry IF»ve«, IV. v. 119,
Limber, adj. pliant ; hence, nimble. * How limber your tongue is ! '
Lodge poj], V. a. to lay. *The com is lodged terrible.' (J. R,
Wise, p. 154.)
Lonesome, adj. lonely.
Longftil, adj. desirous, anxious. * I h£^' been longful to see you again.'
Lunge punjl v. n. to lounge, to lean forward on the elbows. * What 's
the odds wnether I lunge or kneel ? '
Lusty, adj. fat and well. 'Her's come back a-looking aa lusty as
lusty ! '
Mad, adj. enraged. ' I was that mad ! I '
Mares-tails, s. pi. white streaky clouds.
]f arriage lines, a certificate of marriage. (Common in many coun-
ties; e,g. Norfolk.)
Masenter [mais'entur], a mason.
Mash, V. n. to draw ; said of tea. The tearpot is set by the fire to
mash.
Master [maast'ur], (1) the distinctive title of a married labourer.
Fanners and their wives always speak of each other as * my master '
and * my missus,' (2) Used as a prefix to a naine. (See J. B. Wise,
p. 154.)
Masterful, adj. wilful, overbearing.
Maunt [maunt], for may not.
Meddle and make, v. n. to interfere. ' So I says to him, I 8a3rs,
you We no call to come to me for the keys, I says, I 'm not a going to
^ meddle and make, I says, and the keys ain't in my house, I says.'
Mess, V. n. to waste time, to be doing nothing particular. ^She
might as lief be at school, she *s only messing about at home.'
9
130 SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. [C 6.
Hiddlingt adj. This word has opposite meanings according as it is
precodod by 'pretty,' or * very.' *I*m pretty middlinp^ we gets on
pretty middling ' means * I am tolerably well, we are doing welL' But
* I'm very middling, he 's going on very middling,^ means * I am very
imwell, he is doing very badly, or conducting hunself very badly.'
Mind, V. a. to remember.
MiflcMef-fiil, adj. full of mischief.
Moikiiiy a scarecrow. (A corruption of malkin.)
Moil, V. n. to work hard. ' I 'vo been moiling at it all day.'
Most-in-general, adv. generally.
Mothering-Snnday, Mid-Lent Sunday, when girls pay their mothers
a visit. But this custom is fast dying out now.
Mnok [muok], perspiration. ' I 'm all of a muck!
Mnffling [muf-lin], adj. useless, unable to work. * I get' as muffling
as a child.'
Mullen, the head-gear of a horse.
Mnnunock [mum*uk], v. a. to pull about, to worry. * The children
do raummock me about so.' (This is Shakespeare's mammod^d ; CW.
. I. iii. 71.)
MxlbIo, any musical instrument.
Nag [nag], a riding-horse, as distinguished from a cart-horse.
Nag. See Knag,
Near, adj. stingy.
Never, adv. not, not so much as. ' Her 's got never a bonnet to go in.'
No-ways, adv. in no way.
Obedience, obeisance, bow, or curtsey. * jSTow, make your obedience
to tho lady ! '
Odds [odz], V. a. to alter, make different. * It '11 all bo othWd in a bit'
OflF, prep. from. * I bought 'cm off Rosey Ann.'
Ood [nod], wood.
Ood [uod], V. aux. would.
'Ooman [uom-un]. *My old ^ooman* is the usual term used by an
old labourer in speaking of his wife.
Our, Your, poss. pron. prefixed to Christian names to show to what
family the person spoken of belongs. * Have you seen our Fred ? '—
* Ah ! ho 'a gone along of your Dan.'
Oum, Yourn, are usiscd for * ours,' * yours.' See Ilisn,
Out-asked, or Asked-out, pp. having had the banns published three
times.
C. e.] SOUTH WAEWICKSniRE. 131
Outs, 8. pi. leavings. * I have my meals when they do, I don*t have
to eat their outs,* [In many counties, oris ; see Glos. C. 4.]
Overgety v. a. to get over. * I shan't overget it this long while.*
Padded, adj. dried at the top. * Tlio ground is getting j^cidded now.'
Paddle [pad-1], v. a. to cut off vnih a spud. ' Wo 'vo been 2i paddling
thistles.'
Partial, adj. fond of. * I bo very part led to a few einyuns.*
Peart [peert], adj. lively, well. * lie 's quite peart to-day.'
Peek, V. n. to peep about.
Peel, the long-handled flat shovel with which bread, &c. is thrust
into a hot oven, or taken out. See Peel in Ilalliwell.
^eggj white-throat, the stone-chat. (Eugby.)
Perial, adj. fine. ' That 'ere picture bo perlal, to bo sure ! ' [Short
for imptrial ?]
Perseonte, v. to prosecute.
Pick-ed [pik'ed], pron. as a disyllabic; adj. (1) peaked, pointed,
sharp ; (2) pinched, sickly-looking.
Picod [pik'od], a pea-finch.
Pink, a chafi&nch. (Eugby.)
Pither [pidh*ur], v. a. to scratch, pat, fondle.
Pluck, the liver, lights, and heart of a sheep.
Poor, aclj. thin.
Quat [kwot], a sty in the eye. (J. E. Wise, p. 15C.)
Baggie [rag-el], v. n. to manage to get on. ' "With a bit of coal, and
a loaf of bread, I can raggle along.' Cf. wriggle.
Beckon, v. n. to suppose.
Befnge, refuse, worthless things.
Bhenmatics, rheumatism. Tliis is distinct from * rheumatiz.' Tlie
latter lies in a particular limb, while ' the rheumatics ' is a general
complaint.
Bide, a green road through a wood.
Bile [reil], an active, noisy child. ' What a rile you be, to be sure ! *
See Boil in Halliwell.
Binuning, moving furniture to a fresh house. ' We be a rimming
on Monday.'
Biz, pp. risen ; gone up in price. * Butter 's riz ! '
Boomthy [roomth'i], adj. roomy.
132 SOUTH WAEWICKSHIRE. [C. 6.
Bnbbidge [rub-ij], rubbish. Cf. Refuge.
Sad, ac^. heavy (said of bread).
Safe, adj. sure. ' He 's safe to do it now.'
SarmoBty a sermon.
Sated, pp. tired and sick of anything. * I must go to work agin to-
morrow, be it how it 'ooll. I be quite %aUd wi' being in the house.'
Scant [skaut], v. a. to scratch. * There were the marks where the
boy had %cauUd it'
Scheme [skeem], v. a. to plan, arrange. * I must try and st^eme it
some way.'
Scrabble, v. to manage to get on. See RaggU,
Scrat [skrat], v. a. to scratch off a person's name. ' I hope yon
won't Bcrat me.'
Scratching^ [skrachinz], s, pi. the refVise left when the pig's le$^f 13
boiled down to lard.
8cribe, a poor puling thing.
Scuttle, a basket that holds a bushel.
See, perfect tense of the verb to see. ' I never see such children.'
Sen, adv. since.
Serve, v. a. to feed, to supply. The pigs a^id chickens are served.
The boy who hands up the stubble 9€rv€$ the thatchor.
Settle, a wooden seat with back and arm&
Share, a short wooden sheath stuck in the waistband, to rest one of
the needles in whilst knittiAg.
Shelf, the, the chimney-piece.
Shift oneself, v, n. to change one's linen.
Shimmy [sinm'i], a chemise.
Ship, sheep.
Shisn, poss. pron. hers. See Hisn.
Sheg [shog], V. n. to jog off. * We must be slingging now.' (J. R
Wise, p. 156.)
Shut on, pp. rid of. * I shall be glad to get simt on her.'
Sight (followed by o/), a great many. ' There was a eight of folk/
Slang, s. pi. sloes.
91at, a slate.
Slippy, adj. slippery,
Slom [slom], adv, (lit. slam) right, altogetlier. ' He turned it dom
over on the road.'
C. 6.] " SOUTU WARWICKSHIRE. 133
Slomxnocks [slom'uks], an nntidj person.
Slop, a short white frock gathered into a band at the waist, worn
instead of a coat.
Smartiflh, adj. and adv. very well, very good» * How do you get on
now ? ' * Smartiah, thank you.*
Borry, adj. thin-witted, not up to much. * He 's a iorri/ fellow.'
Spinney, a small wood.
*Had her hone but been fed upon English gnm,
And Bhcltered in Yorkshire tpiuneyt, &c.
Hood's Mifls Kilmanw^ {ffer Aeeident), ^
Staddle, the framework placed on upright stones, on which ricks are
built.
Stale [stail], any stick or handle, such as the stick of a mop or a fork.
Starred, pp. starved with cold.
Still, adj. respectable, inoffensive. ' He 's a stUl^ quiet man. There 'a
never nothing the matter with Atm.'
Stock [stok], V. a. to grub up.
Stomachfiil [stum'okful], adj. high-spirited* ^He's so 8imnac7{ful,
he won't give over work.' ,
Suddent, adv. suddtBuly^
Smnmiit, somewhat, somethings
Suppose, V. n. a word Used when telling news that yoU knoW is
true. * So John Harris is a going to New Zealand, I suppose,*
Swagger, v. to satisfy. * You was wantin' to see some big dahlias ;
now if you 'U come into my garden, I '11 swagger ye.'
Swill [swil], V. a. to wash out with plenty of water. ' I was a going
to stoill out my places.'
TageoxLB [taijus], adj. tedious, troublesome. *The boy*s not well,
he *s so tageous. (This points back to the old pronunciation of tedious
as [taid-iu8].~.W. W. S.)
Tail-wheat, the inferior wheat left after winnowing.
!ta7 [tai], tea.
Tay-kettle-broih, broth made of bread, hot water, and an onion or two.
Ted [ted], v. a. to shake up the hay out of the swathe.
Teg [teg], a year-old sheep.
Tend, v. a. to watch. * He 's gone hiri-tending.* See OroUfs.
Terrible, adv. excessively. ' He 's terrible fond of the little *un.*
Terrify, v* a. to destroy, injurek * They've been tert\fying my
cabbages.'
Tewer [teu'er], a narrow passage. * Which Mrs lloncox do you
want ? ' ' Her as lives up the iewer*
J 34 SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. [C. 6.
Tliack [tliak], v. a. to tliatch.
Tliat, adv. 80, to such a degree. * I was that provoked, I conid have
heat him.'
T^omasing. To ' go ti-Tlioinasing ' is to go round on St Thomao!
day, heggiDg for Christmas gifts.
Tiller [til-er], the horse in thje shafts, the wheeler.
Tisiky [tiziki], adj. delicate in the lungs.
Token, a death-sign. ' I am certain sumniut has come to my son, for
I saw his tohe^i last night ; it was a white dove flew out of the hed-
Qurtains, and was gone in a minute.*
Tom, any cock-hird.
Tot, a small mug.
Tup, a ram. •
Turn, time, season. * I have n't found any of them nestes this ium^
TuBSock, a tuft of coarse grass.
Vnacoountable [un*ukiount-uhl], adj. very unusual * It 's undkeoumU
able weather.*
TJnBeknownt, adj. unknown.
Vnked [ungk-ed], adj. (1) lonely, dull, solitary; (2) terrible, ghastly.
* His log is an united sight.*
Unlncky, adj. always in trouble and mischief.
Urge, V. a. to provoke. 'That 'ooman always do urge mo so.'
Wake. Tlie feast of the dedication of the church, kept on the
saint's day (old stylo) to whom the church is dedicated.
Wanny [won*i], a<lj. ill and pale.
Waps [wops], a wfu?p (pL wapms).
Warm, v. a. to thrash, * I *11 icann ye ! '
Watched [woclred], adj. wetshod, wet through. * IIo came home
watch-cily and faniollod,' Sec Glos. 0. 5.
Waywind [wai'weind], the bindweed, or minor convolvulus.
Wench [wensh], a young girL ' Who be im 1' ' Oh ! the parson's
wench: (J. R. Wise, p. 157.)
Wever [wovm*], adv. however.
Whistling thrusher, a song-thrush.
Whome [whoam], home.
Wilful, adj. willing, hai*d working,
Withy, a willow.
Wi^en, adj. dried up, withered.
C. 6.] SOUTH WARWICKSHIRE. 135
Work, fuss, row. ' What frork there has been up at John Brown's,
to bo sure ! '
Worrit [wur*r*it], v. a. to worry, to tease.
Wratoh [rach], a weak old i)er8on ; lit. a wretch. ' I set a deal o*
store by Lucy, poor wratch,*
WntSy s. pL oats.
Yarbs, s. pL herbs.
Yawnnps [yaun'ups], a stupid oaf. ' Yer great yatcnups I ' you stupid
feUow.
Yed [yed], head.
Yent, for is not.
Yoe [yoa], a ewe.
Yon [yon], adj. yonder.
INDEX TO GLOSSARIES C. I— VL
In the following Index, the numbers refer to those of the preceding
Glossaries, and to Captain Harland's Swaledale Glossary, which is No.
1. Thus abear occurs in Glossary C. 6. Similarly, arcount ocean
twice, in Glossaries 0. 4 and 0. 6. The marks (a) and (6) denote dif-
ferent senses of the same form of word. Thus addle occurs in
Glossaries C. 1 and C. 3, but in different semes.
A 3
a (6), (c), 5
a (c/), 6
abear, 6
abed, 6
abide, 6
abithe, 3
aboon, 1
about, 3
abfeead, 2
abroad, 4
account, 4, 6
ach-bone, 3
ackward, 1
actilly, 1
addle (a), 1
addle (6), 3
addlings, 1
adle, 4
adoue, 6
adry, 3
afeard, 4, 6
aftermeath, 3
agin, 4, 6
aglet, to an, 1
agreeable, 4, 6
aince-awhile, 6
ails, 4
aim, 1
aither, 1
fijye, 1
akering, 4
alamost, 3
aleean, 1
aleing, 3
all,4
all-ahuh, 2
allkius, 2
all one, 6
allow, 4
all works, 3
along of, 6
alougst, 3
am, 3, 4
aniang, 1
ameudiuent, 4
amon, 3
auiost, 4, G
ampery, 3
anuirons, 4
aiienst, 1 ;
aneuts, 3 ;
aneut, 6
anewst, 3
anigh, 6
aukercher, 6 ;
haukercher,
4,5
anklet, 1
ankley, 6
anointed, 6
anters, 1
anywhen, 4
apem, 5 ; ap-
pem, 1
appeal to, 4
appern, 1 ;
apem, 5
aps, 4
arbitrary, 4
argify, 4
arr, 1
arter, after-
wards, 4, 6
artemoon, 5
as 6
asli, 4
ashore, 5
aside, 3
ask, 1
aas (a), 1
ass (6), 1
assleti-et^ 1
assle-tutn, 1
astre, 3
aswin, 1
at. 1
athirt, 5
atweeu, 6
awd, 1
awd famind, 1
awd-scrat, 1
awhile (a), 4
awhile (6), 6
awkward, 6
awm (a), 1
awm (6), 1
ax, 5
Ayensam,5
Babby. 1
backerly, 1
backside, 3
backstaue, 1
badger, 1
badly, 1
baily, 3
baily-boy, 3
bain, 1
bainsomc, 2
bait. 4
baitli, beeuth, I
bale hill, 1
band, 1
bangles, 6
baunick, 4
bar, 1, 5
barf, 1
barfam, 1
barghaist, 1
bark'd, 1
barm, 4
bam, 1
l^arnut Yat, 5
bartle. 1
barvel, 3
baatard-fallow,4
C. 1—6.]
INDEX.
137
bat(a),l;(6),
3,4
batching, 6
batch-l(mf , 6
batts, 2
bavin, 4; bavins,
3
bawk, 1
bay, 4
be, 4, 5
beant, 5
bear-bind, 3, 4
beastings, beast-
lines, 1: see
bisn-milk
Beau Heynolds,
4
beaded, 4
becall, 6
because why, 3
beck. 1, 4
beeaker, 1
beeal, 1
beeany, byanny,
1
bee-bird, 4
bee-hackle, 4 ;
bee-skep, 6
bee-li(iuor, 3
bee-skep, 6; bee-
hackle, 4
before, 3
begone, 2
beleft, 4
belive, 1
belk, 1
bell-wind, wire-
weed, 4
bents, 4
berth, 3
bestj 4
bestid, 2
bestins, 3
bettefmost, 4, 6
bet^. 6
bevin, with a, 1
bezom, 1
biddle, 4
bide, 1, 4, 6
bield, 1
bilboes, 4
bing-ale, 3
bink, 1
birk, 1
birr, 1
bish-milk,4*bis-
milk, bisKins,
3 ; bisnings, 6
bis'nt, 5
bitchering, 3
bitten, 4
bittock, 6
black-a-vized, 1
blackie, 6
black ouzel, 1
blake, 1
blare, blear, 4
blash^ 1
blaw. 1
blea-oerry, 1
bleach, 3
bleah, 1
bleat. 4
bledaer, 1
blether, 1
blind-feeald, 1
blind-nerry-
mopsey, 2
blirr, 1
blirt, 1
blish, 1
blizzy, 6
blob (a), 1
blob (6), 1
blobtit, 4
blood, 2
bloodings, 3
blude, 1
bluffy, 6
blunder, 4, 6
bly, 3, 4
bobby. 6
boblight, 3
bodge, 4
bodwiil, 1
body-horse, 5
boffle, 4
boffled, 4
boggle (rt), 1
bt)^'le {b\ 1
boist, 3 ; byste, 4
bonny, 1
borsholder, 3
borstal, 3
botchet, 1
both, 3
bouk, i
boult, 3
boun, 1
bounds, 4
bout, 6
bowt, 1
brabble, 1
brabblement, 1
braffam, 1
brak, 2
brand-irons, 3, 4
brandling, 1
brandy-cow, 3
brandy-snaps, 1
branken, 1
bran-new, 1
brant, 1
brass, 1
brat, 1
brave, 4
brawche, 3
brazzent, 1
brea. 1
break, break up,
2
breckon, 1
breead, 1
breer, 1
breest, 1
breet. 1
breetliir, 1
brevet, 6
brickbat, 3
brief, 3
brig, 1
brimp, 3
brist, 1
brit, 3
briz, 1
broach (a), 1
broach (6), 3
broke, 4
broken, 4
brook, 3
brooks, 3
brossen, I
browselis, 3
browt, 1
brude, I
brule, 1
bruss, 3
brussy, 4
brut, 3, 4
bruttle, 4
bucking, 3
bud, 3
budge, 6
bug (a), (6), 3
bullocks, 3
bull-spink, 1
bumble-bee, 1, 5
bummlekite, 1
bunch (a)y 1
bunch (6), 4
bunt, 3
burrow, bur-
rough, 2
burrow (6), 6
burster, 4
burtree, 1
bury, 4
bush, 3
business, 3
busy, 4
butts, 2
butty, 6
buzzly, 4
bwile, 6
bwile the pot, 5
bwolt, 6
bwoy, 5
bwunny, 5
byebegit, 1
byent. 6
bysacK, 3
byste, 4 ; boist, 3
Cack (a), 1
cack (i), 1
caddie, 6 j cattle,
5
cade, 6
caff, 1
caingy, 1 .
cairn, I
cales. 3
call (a), 3
call (6), 4, 6
call one out of
name, 6
calliatt, 1
callow, 3
calliever, I
callus, 4
camber, 4
cample, 1
canker. 1
cankerd, 1
canker-berry, 3
cannily, 1
138
INDEX.
[C. 1—6.
cannle, 1
cannlestick, 1
canny, 1
cant, cantle, 3, 4
cant (b\ 3
cant (c), 4
canting, 6
cap, I
card, 3
carling, 1
carlings, 1
carpet-way, 3
carvet, 3
cas'nt, 5
cast, 3
casualty, 4, 6
catchy, 4
caterways, cater-
ing, 4
cattle, 5 ; caddie,
6
cauf , 1
cavil, 4
cawker, 1
cawsey, 4
chamer. 1
chamerly, I
champer, 4
changes, 3
chany, 5
chap, 1
chapel-master, 6
charm, 5
charred, 3
chart, 3
chasSj 1
chastise, 4
chaugh, 1
chavocky, 4
chawdaw, 5
chawfinch, 5
chcanny, I
ched, (5
chee, 3
cheean, 1
cheer, 5
cheerer, 1
cheeses, 6
chegc, 3
chelp, 6
cherry-curds, 6
chicken, 3
chide, 3
chill, 6
cliimbley, 4, 6
chip up, 1
chittery, 1
chizzell, 3
choaty, 3
chock, 3
chock-full, 6
choice, 6
choops, 1
chorr, 1
chuck (a\ 1
chuck (6), 1
chuck, 3; chucks,
4
chucket, 4
chucky, 4
chuff, 3
chumpin, 1
chunk, 3
church-grim, 2
chwoak, 1
clack, 5
clag, 1
claggy, 1
clame, 1
clamp, 3, 4
clap-gate, 6
clart, 1
clarty, 1
clat (a), 1; (6),
6 ; see clack
cleanse, 3
cledgy, 3, 4
cleeaths, 1
cleft, 6
cleg, 1
clemmed, 1
cletch, 1
cleuf, cleugh, 1
clevel, 3
clever, 3
click, 1
cliut, 1
elite, clayt, 3
clivers, 4
clogs, 1
close. 3, 6
clotcli, 1
clotted, 1
clout a' th' yed, 5
clow (a), 1
clow (6), 1
cluck, cluckish,
3
cludder, 1
cluddered, 1
clumpsed, 1
climg, 4
clutter, 4
cobble (a), 1
cobble (6), 1
cobbler, 6
cobby, 1
cob-house, 6
cock-bells, 3
cockstule, 1
cod, 1
cod-gloves, 2
codeer. 6
cog-beUs, 3
coggers, 1
cogue, 3
cold, 3
com, 1
combe, 3
come (a), 4, 6
come (6), 5
come-by-chance,
1
come of, 2
comical, 6
commandi-
ments, 5
con thanks, 2
cone, 3
conny, 1
consait, 1
contancrous, 3
contrary, 4, 6
cook pot, 5
coorse, 1
coortin, 1
cop (a\ 1
cop (b), 3
cope, 3
cord, 4
corn-crake, 1
corse, 3
cost, 3
cotterell, 1
cotton, 3
couch-grass, 3, 6
court (a), 3
court (6), court-
lodge, 3
cove, 3
cow, 3
cower, 1
cowl. 1
cow-lady, 5
cowlrake, 1
cowp, 1
cowstripling, 1
cow-stnppiugs,
1
cowt, 1
cowter, 1
crack (a), 1
crack (6), I
crack on, 1
crack up, 5
crackly, 1
crake ?a), 1
crake (6), 6
cranmue, 1
cranch (a), 1
cranch (6), 1
crank, 3
cranky, 1
crap, 3, 6
crate, I
crazy, 4
cream, 3
creel (a), 1
creel (6), 1
creely, creepy, 1
crinkle, 1
crips, 3
crock, 3, 4
crocket, 1
crood, 1
crop, 3
crostering, G
crow, 3
crowdle, 1
crowdy, 1
crowner, 1
crows, 6
cruddJe, 1
cruke, 1
cruked, 1
crummy, 4
crune, 1
crup (a), (6), 3
cruttle, 2
cubbled up, 6
cuckoo-meat, 2
cuckoo's wait-
ing-maid, 4
cuddle, 1
cuke, 1
culch, 3
-8.]
INDBX.
139
•keys, 3
»
iddy, 5
it-berries,
3
1
1
,5
8,1
5
rries, 3
hick, 3
ishy 5
^1
,1
ig, 1
I
(
B. 6
:;ks, 6
-hen, 1
>,4
ing, 6
,3
1
[all
W,3
r, 1
ler (n), 3
ier(6),dod-
-grass, 3;
dodder
ile-wark, 1
l-man, 1
d, 1
headed, 2
^ a beetle,
:«),3
^), 3, 4
,3,4
,1
3
5
1,1
1
>1
lene, 3
denial, 3, 4, 6
denshed, 1
densher, 4
dess (a), 1
doss (6), 1
dibble, dibber, 3,
5
dick, 3
didst, 5
didst thee ? 5
digester, 6
dik, 4 ; dick, 3
dillin, 5 ; dor-
ling, 4
ding, 1
dingy, 3
dinks. 5
dishaoil, 4, 6
dish-meat, 3
dish-water, 3 ;
dishwasher, 4
dissight, 4
distress, 4
do, 4
doaty, doated, 4
dod, 2
dodder (a), 1
dodder (6), 1
dodder (c), 3 ; see
dawther
doddlish, 4
doff, 1
dog-daisy, 1
doings, 3
dolours, 3 '
doljihin, 3
don, 1
donfron, 1
don not, 1
dorling, 4 ; dil-
lin, 5
dormon, 1
doubt, 4
dough, 3
douk, 1
dout, 5, 6
dover-houso, 3
dow, 1
dowdy-cow, 1
dowk, 1
dowley, 1
down, 3
down-)>ank, 1
downward, 3
dowp, 1
dowter, 1
dozzened, 1
draff, 1
draft (a), (6), 4
draw, 2
drean (a), 2
drean (6), 4
dredge (a), 3
dredge (6), 4
dree, 1
dreep, 1
drink, drench, 6
drinking, 3
drive-bundle, 3
drivway, 4
droits, 3
droked, 1
droo, 5
dry, I
dryte, 1
dryth, 3, 4
dub. 1
duboler, 1
dubby, 4
dubersome, 6
dudman, 5
duds. 1
dumoledore, 4
dummel, 5
dunderknowl, 1
dunt, 2
dunted, 2
durdum, 1
Eames, 6
ear. 3
earles, 1
earth, 6
casings, 1
edget, 4
ee (rt), 1
ee (6), 5
e'en almost, 3
ees, 5
effet, 3
efter, 1
efternuno, 1
egg on, 1, 5
einyun-broth,
eiren, 3
elding, 1
elfather, I
eller, 1
ellinge, 3
ellow, 4
elson, 1
elvin, 3
emmets, 3, 4
endwise, 1
eneWj 6
entetig, 3
er, 1
erand. 2
emf ul, 3 •
ersh, 3, 4
esh, 1
est),!
eyleboum, 3
Fack, 3
faddy, 4
fadge, 1
fadge-trot, 1
fads, 6
faffled, 1
fagged, 1
faffs, 3
f ap of, 4
fairish, 6
fairisies, 3
fairy sparks,
shelfirc, 3
fall (a), 4, 6
faU (M, 4, 6
famelled, 6
fancy of it, 4
fang, 2
fansome, 1
fant, 1
farrow 4
farweel, 1
fash, 1, 6
fat-hen, 4
fault, 6
faver, 6
favour, 4, 6
f awf , 1
f awt, 1
feal,!
fear, 3
feck. 1
feckless, 1
feek, 2
feeks, 1
feeky, 1
feeL 2
f eight, 1
140
INDEX.
[C. 1-6.
fell-faw, 1
fellowly, 3
feUy, 1
femmer, 1
fend, 1
fendy. 1
fennel, 4
fenny,'3
fest, ir
f et (a), 1
fet lb), 3, 6
f etcn, 1
fettle (a), 1, 5, 6
fettle (6), 1
fickle, 3
fidge, 1
fidget, 5
field, 6
fierce, 6
fight, 4
fild,3
file, 6
fine, 2
fit, 5
fitches, 1, 6
fixfax, ], 2
flacky, 6
flaich, 1
flam, flam-net, 4
flannin, 1
flavour, 3
flaw, 4
flayed, 1
flead, 3
flecked, 1
flee (a), I
flee (6), 1
flecak, 1
fleer, 1
fleet, 4
flick, 4
flinder, 3
flipe, 1
tiish, 1
flished, 1
flite, 1
flitiuilk, 3
flitter-mouse, 3,
4 ; flinder-
niouse, 3
flowed, 1
flude, 1
flue, 3 ; fluey, 4
flur,
flush, 3
fluahy, 4
fluster, 1, 5
fluz, 1
fly-golding, 4
fog, 1, 6
foisty, 1
folks, 3
fond, 1
for, 3
fore-acre, 3 [6
fore-cast (a), (6),
fore-eldera, 1
fore-noon, 4
fore-right, 3, 4
forical, 3
form, 6
formel) 1
forrust, 5
forstal, 3
fortherly, 1
foss, 1
fother, 6
foumart, 1
fouty, 1
f oy^ 3 ; f oying, 2
frail, 3
franticle, 1
franzy, 6
fratch (a), 1
fratch (6), 1
freend, 1
freet, 1
freetened, 1
freetful, 1
frem, 6
fremd, 1
fresh, 6
friddick, 2
fridge, I
frit, 5, 6
frith, 3, 4
frock, 5
frore, 3
frosk, 1
frow, 1
fruitas, 1
fruz, 4
f urner, 3
fut, 5
fute-brig, 1
Gaff'er(a),4j(6),
6
gain, 1
gall, 4
galley-bird, 4
gallied, 6
galloway, 1
galy,3
gam, 1
gamack, 4
gamashes, 1
gamble-sticky 4
gang, 1
ganger. 4
gangrel, 1
gangway, 3, 4
gant, 3
gantree, 2
gar,l
garth, 1
gascoignes, 3
gate, 3
gavelkind, 3
gavelock, 1
ge,3
gear (a), 1 ; gear
(6), 6
gee-whoop, war-
whoop, 6
geg, gaig, 6
geld, 1
gentail, 3
gentleman, 6
gewpam, 1
gezling, 1
gibber, 6
giddling, 6
gie ower ! 6 ; see
rive over
gill, 1, 3
girl, 6
gim, 1
girt, 1; gurt, 6;
see grut
giss, 1
git, 1
give, 4
giveover,4;give
owr, 1 ; give
out. 5
give tne time o'
dav, 4
glead, 1
glee, 1
glent, 1
glitf,l
glime, 1
glins, 3
gUr,6
glish (a), 1
glish (6), 1
glishy, 1
glockening, 1
gloom, 3
glowr, 1
glumpy, 1
go at, 6
go on at, 6
goto, 3
gob, 1
gob-ful, 1
Uod-Amight/a
godSirdly, 1
god's good, 3
god's-penny, 1
going home, go-
ing back, 4
going in, 6
going to 't, 3
goitstead, 1
golding, 3
gelling, 1
golls, 3
golore, 3
gonder, 6
gooding, 3
gooin^ 5
goommg, 4
gore thrusher, 6
goring-crow, (i
goss, 3
gossips, 6
gostering, 1
gove, 1
govison, 1
gowdy, 4
gowpens, 1
goyster, 3
grace, 5
graidly, 1
grain, 1
graith, 1
graithed, 1
granada, 3
grandly^ 3
grape-vine, 3
gratton, 3; gwt-
ten, 4 .
great, 3
-•■]
.toll
hag-ffonn, 1
hearth, 3
hockling, 6
1 (4), a
Jmr.S
heartless, 2
hcg^rves.4
J.1
hale, 3
heats in the fire,
'• a , I
half-amon, 3
4
holler,
.= !»), 1
haUJday, I
heave, 3
holly-boya and
^3
hand, 4
beave-gatc, 3, 4
ivy-girla, 3
.3
hands, 4
heck-atead, a
bolm,l
sward, 4;
bandy to, 6
bee, 1
hoip, 4: help,
hank, hink, 3
heead, 1
llutt I'.O, 3, 1!
«»rd,6' ■
hankereher, 4 ;
hangkitcher.
beead-wark, 1
h<jlt(6j, W,(,0,4
s.
heeah,!
homestoil, 3
ud, 6; «M
9: aokercher,
heeaU
honeysuclile. G
Busward
e
heeain, 1
hooding, 3
hook-bfll. 6
«),!
ham-earn, 1
heeat, het, 1
4). 1. S
handsel,!
heeve,3
hopkin, 3
1
ar'
beire,4
bomicle, 3
4
bele, 3, 4
horrid, 3
I
hap (a), 1
bell-out, 1
horse-nails, 3
i,3ieTO^
hap(t),4
behn ; see hanlm
happen, 6
help,6;holp,4
hort,3
.11,3
hap8,3,4
bel-rake, 6
hot (a), lb), 6
both, boath, 3
1
har, 6
belter, 1
lie
httroelet,3
helter-kelter, 3
boughs, 1
,d.,e
hard.2
hem, 4
houp,3
■s;
harden out, 3
hep, 4
house, 4
hardhewer, 3
hel;s, 6
housel,3
(»),;
harvest, 3
bei^nUw, I
housen, G;honz-
mock, 4
harveatera, 3
a^,:i'''
en, 6
o),l
haeh, 1
hove, 6
1 (»). 1
haak, 1
heugh, 1
beuk, 1
hover, 3, 4
■,1
has8ocky,4
how (at, !
(!urt,4,e;
hat, 6
heuk-beean, 1
1,1
hatch (a), 3
bever, 3
■,!
hatch (6), 4
bicket, 3 ;
bucket, 4
howder(a),(6),l
», 1
hauffh, hawes, 1
hauTm, 3, 4, 6;
howdy, I
-cow, 3
hickle, 6
howk, 1
ing, 3
helm, 3
bide-and-foi, 3
how«;mBver.3;
•,5
have, 3
bills, 4
4
have at, 4
hing, 1
6
,1
have one's eye
hippens, 1
boxy, 5
,1,2
. ™' ^ .
hippings, 1
hub,!
rmnd, 3
haver-cake, I
hub-end, !
haver-meal, 1
hien abisn, 6
hubble^ew, 1
T'
haw, 3
hit, 4
bucket, 4 ;
hawd,I
hitch,!
hick;t,3
«,4
hawf, I
hitcSbed,2
hucklebeean, 1
.c),6
hay, 2
hoi ho! 5
bud, 8
le (a), 4. e
hay-bay, 1
boatb, hotb, 3
huffle,3
le (6), 6
hazardous, 4
hobbi'd, 3
hnffler,3
a), I
headland, 4, 6
hob-thrusb, !
bug, !
«,1
heah bact, 6
hocker, 1
huge, 3
le (a), 1 ;
t^'',' n
bocker-headed,
hugger-mugger,
.S
heard teU, 4
3
6 .
Iter, 3
heart, 4, 8
bockery, £
hull,!
142
INDEX.
[C. l-«.
hulls,!
hummled, 1
hump-back, 1
huno, 1
hung up, to be, 4
huraen, 6
hut, 5
hutch, 3
huxon, 3
huy, 3
hwome, 5
hype, 1
hyven, 1
1.5
ice-bells. 4
ice-shockle, 1
iles, 3
ill-conditioned,
6
ill-conyenient, 4,
6
Ul-heppen, 1
illion-end, 1
in (a), 4
in (6), 6
inbank, 1
inclinable, 4
indisgestion, 4
indurable, 3
ingSj 1
inkling, 1
inland, 2
innards, 4, 6
interrupt, 4
ise, 1
ivy-girl, 3
Jabber, I
Jack, 3
Jack-baker, 4
Jack bannial, 6
jacket, 4
Jack-o-legs, 1
jack up, 4
jagger, 1
jagger-horse, 1
jance about, 2
jaiinock(a),(^),l
jaul. 3
jawled out, 4
jaw-sy, 3
jealousy, 3
Jenny, 6
jice,!
junmers, 1
Jinuy-hewlet, 1
Jinny-jay, 1
joggle, I
joisting, 6
loiam, 6
jowl(a),(6),(c),l
joy, 4
judge, 6
jumpiu'-stile, 5
justly, 4, 6
jyke, 1
Kale-pot, 1
kangle, 5
kar^, 3
kaw-waw, 1
kay, 6
keaf, 3
keals, 3
keck, 6
keck-'anded, 6
keeah, 1
keeam, 1
keeave, 1
keeler, 3
keld, 1
kelk, 1
kelk-kecksy, 1
kelter, 4
ken, 1
kenspeckle, 1
kep, 1
kem, 3
kessen, 1
kest, 1
ket, 1
ketch, 3, 4
kettle, 4
kew, 3
kibble (a\ 1
kibble (6), 4
kilk, 3, 4
kill, 1
kime, 4
kind, 4, 6
kink, 1
kink-cough, 1
kiukle, 3
kirk, 1
kirk-garth, 1
kirk-maister, 1
kirn (a), (6), 1
kit (a), (6), 1
kitling, 1
kitten, 3
kittle (a), 1, 3
kittle (6), 1, 3
kittle (c), 3
kitty-keys, 2
kiver, 6
kizzened, 1
knack, 1
knag. 6
knarl, 1
knep, 1
knet, 3
knitchell, 1
knockle, 1
knoll (a), 3
knoll (6), 6
knolles. 3
knoweo, 4
kowp, 1
kye, 1
kyerlic, 5
Lack, 3
lad-lowi)er, 1
lady-bug, 3, 4
la^r, 6
laitne, 1
lake, 1
lakewake, 1
laking, 1
lallocking, 1
lam. 1
land, 6
land-lowper, 1
lang, 1
langlaved, 1
lang-settle, 1
lang-streaked, 1
lang syne, 1
lant-flour, 3
lap (a), (6), 1
lapp'n, 5
larn, 5 ; learn, 3,
4,6
lash-horse, 5
lathe, 3
latterly, 3
lattermath, 6
lawcus heart, 3
lawyer, 4
lay, ley, 3, 6
lay at, 4
laylock, 4, 6
laystole, 3
Leaaou, 5
leacon, 3
lean-to, 6
lear, 4
learn, 3, 4, 6;
lam, 5
lease, 3 ; lecse, 6
leasing, 3, 4
leastways, 4, 6 ;
leastwise, 3
ledge,!
lee, 1
leeaL 1
leeanly, 1
leer (a), 1
leer (6), 3
leese, 3
leese, 6; lease, 3
leet, 1
leet-heeaded, 1
leet-heeled, 1
leetl}r-farrend, 1
leetning, 1
leet on, 1
leety, 3
len, 1
lent, 4
lent-com, 4
let wit, let weet,
1
leve, 4; lief, 6
lew (a), (6), 3;
see loo
Hb 1
liboet, 4 ; libiat,
libbet, 3
lief, 6 ; leve, 4
lief-coup, 3
Hg, 1
light, 3
lightly, 3
like, 6
-like, 4, 6
liking, 4
limber, 1, 6
linch, 3
ling, 1
linger, 3
lingy; 1 *
lin-pin, 1
lip, seed-lip, 4
c.
.]
INDEX.
143
lippy, 4
lire, 2
liahy, 3
liBk, 1
lissom, 4
list, 4
litcop, 3
lite, I
lither, 3
liversick, 4
loaning, 1
looses, 4
lodg"^ 3, 4, 6
lonesome, 6
lone-woman, 4
long, 4
long-dog, 4
longfu], 6
loo, lew, 4 ; lew,
3
lop, 1
lope-way, 3
lopperj 1
loppetm', 6
lot,l
lough, 1
lounder, 1
lovesome, 2
low, 1
lowance,3
lown, 1
lowp, 1
lowter, 1
loy, 2
luf ter, 1
lug (a), (6), 1
lug, Sir Peter, 3
luke, 1
lum, 2
lumUiing, 4
lunge, 6
lusty, 3, 4, 6
lutna, 1
luther, 1
lyle, 1
lyle-house, 1
lythe, 1
Mack, 1
mad, 6
maddle, 1
maddled, 1
maf^led, 5
maid, 3
maister, 1, 2
mammered, 4
mommered, 5
mammy, 1
mangrel, 1
mannered, 4
mar, 1
marcs-tails, 6
marriage lines, 6
marrows, 1
masenter, 6
mash, 6
mash (a), (6), 1
master, 5, 6
masterful, 4, 6
mated, 5
matheglum, 5
maund, 4
maunt, 6
maw. 3
mawk (a\ 1
mawk (6), 2
mawm, 1
mawt, 1
maybe, 1
may-bug, 3, 4
may-geziing, 1
maze. 1
mazeling, 1
meal, 3
measles, 3
measly, 3
mear, 1
med, 5
meddle and
make, 6
meece, 3
meeshes, 4
meU(a),(6),(c),l
mense (a), (6), 1
menseful, 1
mere, 1
mess, 6
messengers, 4
meuse, 4 •
mich. 1
mickle, 1
midden, 1
middling, 4, 6
midge, 1
mill, 3
miller's-thumb,3
mind fa), 3
mind (6), 3, 4, 6
mine, 3
minnis, 3
mint, 3
minty, 3
minute, 3
mischief u I. 4 ;
mischiet-f ul, 6
miss, 2
mist, 3
misteean, 1
misword, 4
mittens, 3
mixon,3;mixen,
4
moan, 3
moie, 1
moikin, 6
moil, 6
mokes, 3
monkey-pea, 3
monny, I
mont, 3
moor, 3
moor-gam, 1
moor-poot, 1
more, 3, 4
mort, mot, 3
mortal, 4
mossel, 4
most-in-gcneral,
6
most-times, 4
mothering-sun-
day, 6
mothery, 4 ; mo-
therish, 5
mounge, 1
mow, 4
mowter, 1
much, 3
muck, 1, 5, 6
mucky, I
mud, 1
muddle, 5
muffling, 6
muggy, 1, 5
mullen, 6
mullock, 3
mummock, 6
mun (a), (o), 1
mune, 1
murder away, 4
murl, 1
mush, 1
mushroon, 3
mushy, 2
music, 6
muzzle, 4
myed, 6
mysel, 1
Nab (a), (b\ 1
nacker, 5
naff, 1
nag, 6
nag ; see knag
napgy, I
nail. 3
nailooum, 3
native, 4
nature, 3
naun, 4
nawn steers, 3
nay, neeah, 1
nay, 3
neaf, 1
nean, 1
near, 6
neat, 3
neb, 1
needles, 1
nekk'd, 1
nep-hazel, 1
ness. 3
nestle, 4
nettle-spring, 4
net-up, 4
ncuk, newkin, 1
never, 6
newy, 4
newland, 3
nib, 1
nidget, 4
nighty-nighty, 6
ninny-hammer,
1
nip, 1
noobut, 1
nod, 4
nog, 1
no^m, 1
no-hows, no-
ways, 4
nonce, 3
none, 3
no-ought, 4
144
INDEX.
[C. 1—8.
noration, 1, 4
nor vet, 3
notcn, 3
no- ways, 6, 4
nowt, 1
nub. 1
nubolins, 6
nubby, 4
nucker, 4
nuncheon, 3
nuther, 4
Oast, 3
obedience, 4, 6
odds, 6
of, 3
off 6 '
okkurd, 5
on. 4
onoethink, 1
onder, 1
oudergrund, 1
ondertak, 1
ony, 1
onnykins, 2
onstand, 2
ood(a),5,6;(6),
6
ood*8t, ood'st
thee, 5
Oodstock, 5
'ooman, 6
oot, 5
ootn't, 5
oppen, 1
oppen-mouthed,
I
order, 4
ordinary, 4
orts, 4 ; outs, 6
othersome, 4
otherwhile, 3, 4
our, your, 6
oum, youm, 6
out, 3
out-asked, 4, 6
outstand, 3
outs, 6 ; orts, 4
outset, 4
oven, 3
overget,
over-right, 4
owr, 1
owsebow, 2
owt, 1
oxter, 1
oxy, 5
Padded, 6
paddle, 6
paddy, 3
paincnes, 5
palm-tree, 3
pan, 1
pannable, 1
parfit, 1
parge.3
parlish, 1
partial, 6
partment, 4
pash (a), (6), 1
pash (c), 5
pass, 5
pate. 1
pawky, 1
pay-gate, 4
peaked, 4 ; pick*
ed, 5, 6
peart, 4, 6
peek, 5, 6
peel, 6
peeling, 5
peff, pegh. 1
peggy white -
throat, 6
pwle, 3
pelt, 3
pen, 5
pennorth, 1
pent, 1
perial, 6
persecute, 6
peter-grievous, 4
petty-coat, 3
pez, 1
Pharisees, 3
piannot, 1
picked, 5, 6;
peaked, 4
picksome, 4
pick up, 1
pick upon, 4
I)icod, 6
picter, 4
pigpen 1
pig-huU, 1
pig-pound, 4
pike, 1
pikev, 4
pill, 2
piUer, 5
pimps, 4
pink, 6
pinner, 5
pirn (a), (6), 1
pitching, 4
pither, 6
pithered, pether-
ed up, 4
pittering-iron, 3
pittle, 1
place, 3
plaguesome, 3
planets, 3
plasher, 4
plashing, 3
platty, 3, 4
pleeace, 1
pleugh, 1
plim, 5
plough-strake, 2
pluck, 4, 6
plum, 3
plump, 3
plump up, 4
plwoat, 1
poacli,4; poch,3
pochy, 3
pock-arr'd, 1
podder, 3
podder-grotten,
3
poddish, 1
poke, 3, 4
polrumptious, 3
polt, 3
poly-cow, 4
poor, 3, 6
pored milk, 3
posset, 5
pother-hook, 3
potter, 1
poults, 4
pout, 3
prent, 1
present, 3
pretty, 4
print, 3
prise^ 4
prodigal, 3
proper, 4
pronce, 1
pmfe, 1
pruve, 1
puddle about, 4
puggins, 5
puke, 1
pull (a), 3; (6), 4
pun^r, 3
putcn, 3
puverty, pup-
perty weed, 4
puzzum, 1
pwoak, 1
Quat, 6
qucsnion, 1
quid, 3, 4
quiddy, 3
quitter for quat-
ter, 3
quoilers, 4
quot, 3
quy, whye, 1
Race measure, 3
rackle, 1, 2
rad, 3
raddis-chimney,
• 3
raddle-hedge, 3;
rattle-hedge, 4
raddles, 3
rade, 3
radical, 4
raff, 1
raggle, 6
rail, 2
raisement, 2
rake, 2
rammed, 3
ramp, 4
rannle-bawk, 1
rash, 1
ratten, 1
rattle-hedge, 4;
raddle-hedge,
3
rave. 1
ravel-bread, 3
ravle, 1
razzlc, 2
rean up, 1
recken, recken-
cruke, 1
C. 1—6.]
INDEX.
145
reckling, 1
reckon, 6
reddish, 1
redgmn, 3
reean, ryan, 1
reeap, rape, I
reeasty, 1
reek, 1, 4
refuge, 6
regular, 4
rench, 1
respects, 4
rexon'd, 3
rezon, 3
rheumatics, 6
ribs, 3
ribspare, 3
rice, 3
rid (aX (6), 1
ridding, 1
ride (a), (6), 3 ;
(c\ 6
nd(
les, 4
rift, 1
rig, 1
nggil, 2
ngging-tree, 1
rigpot, I
rights, 3
rigmarole, 3
rile (a), 4; (6), 6
nme, 3
rimming, 6
rind, 5
ringe (a), (R 3
rip(a), 1;(6),3;
. W, 4
npper, 3
rising, 4
rive, 1
rive out, 2
riz, 6
road, 2
robin-rook, 3
rods, 3
roidy, 1
roist, 3
roister, 1
roistering, I
roke, 1
roomthy, 6
roosh, 4
rooster, 4
roots, 3
rotten-st'yan, 1
rough, 3
roughings, 3;
rowen, 4
roup, 1
rouped, 1
rovn, 1
row, 1
rowen, 4 ; rough-
ings, 3
rowk^ 1
rubbidge, 6
ruckle, 3
ruddle- wattle, 3
ruddock, 3
nidy, 3, 4
rufe, 1
rumoal, 3
rumbal whit-
ings, 3
rummleduster, 1
runnet, 3
running, 3
runt, 4
runts, 4
rush, 3
rute, 1
Sackless, 1, 2
sad, 6
safe, 2, 6
sag, 3, 4
sagged, 1
sahcer. 5
8aime(L8amed,2
saiutVbell, 3
sal, 1
sang, 1
sappy, 1
sapskuU, 1
sar, 1
sare, 3 ; sere, 4
sark, 1
sarment, 6
sarra, 1
sartin, 1
sarvicc, 5
sated, 6
sattered, 4
sauce, 4
say. 3
scab, 1
scab-Andrew, 1
Bcaddle, 3, 4
scads, 3
scallion, 1
scaly, 4
scarce, 4
scarcey. 3, 4
scaref ull, 3
scant, scaat, 5, 6
scawp, 1
scawpy, 1
scheme, 6
scoppel, 3
scoppenl, 1
scorce, 3
score, 3
scout, 3
scowdered, 1
scowp, 1
scrabble, 6
scraize, 4
scrammage, 4
scrat, 1, 6
scratchmgs, 6
screes, 2
scribe, 6
scrimpy, 5
scrimes, 4
scrog, 1
scrow (a), 1 ; (6),
4
scrunch, 6
scrunge, 5
scrunty, 1
scry, scrier, 4
scumfish, 1
scupput, 4
scuttle, 6
seam (a), (6), 3
season, 4
seek, 1
see (a), 3, 6 ; {h\
4
seeap, 1
seeaves, 1
seeing-glass, 1
seet, 1
seg, 1
sel. 1
selled, 1
semmently, 1
sen, 1, 6; sin, 4
sensible, 4
sen-syne, 1
sere, 4 ; sare, 3
serve, 6
10
server, 3
service, 5
set, 3
set on, 5
settin'-pin, 5
settin*-pin-ind, 5
settle, 6
sew (a), 1
sew (6)^ (c), 3
shack, 1
shales, 1
shall, shaul, 3
sham, 1
shamful, 1
share, 6
shaq)S, 5
shatter, 4
shave, 3
shawm, 1
shay (a), (6), 3
shay (c), 4
shear (a), (6), 1
sheat, 3,4; shoot,
4
sheckle (a), (b\ 1
sheddle, 1
sheepshanks, 1
sheer, 3
sheer-mouse, 3
sheer-way, 3
sheet, 3
shelf, 6
shell-fire, 3
shent, shunt, 3
shet in, shet out,
5
shet off, 5
shick-sback, 5
shift, 1: shift
oneselt, 6
shift (6), (c), id),
3
shifty, 1
shim, 3
shimmy, 6
shimper, 4
ship, 3, 5, 6
shir, 4
shires, 4
shirl, 1
shirty, 4
shisn, 6
shive, 1
shoat, scout, 3
146
shockled,
shrockledy 3
shog. 6
shool, 1 ; sholl,
4 ; showl, 5
shooler, 3
shooliiig, 3
sholl, 4; shool,
1 ; sliowl, 5
shore, 3, 4
short, 4
shotver men, 3
should, 3
shove, 3
show for, 4
showl, 5: shool,
1 ; sholl, 4
shreap, 3
shuckj 3, 4
shuckish, 4
shuffle about, 4
shun (a), 1 ; (6), 4
shut, 1
shut of, 4 ; shut
on, 6
shy, 3
sib, 1
side (a), (6), I
sided, 1
siesin, 3 ; see siz-
zing
sig,3
sight, 4. 6
sightable, 4
sike (a), (6), I
sike-like, 1
sile, 1
silly, 1
simmcron, 1
simple, 4
sin, 4; sen, I, 6
sin, 5 ; see see
sind, 1
sindcr, 3
sine, 1
sipo, 1
siping, 1
sive^ 3
sizzing, 3 ;
zum, 4
skaddle, 3;
scaddlo
skeel, 1
skellet, 1
INDEX.
siz-
see
skelly, 1
skelp (a), (6), 1
skep, 1
skid, 3, 4
skime, 1
skimmer-lad, 6
skirl, 1
skirmish, 4
skitter, 1
skittisn, 1
skittles, 3
skivers, 3
skrike, 1
skule, 1
slack(a),l;(&),2
sladder, 1
slaich, 1
slaiching, 1
slan, 5 ; sians, 6
slant, 3
slap, 1
slape, 1
slappy, 3
slat, 6
slats, 4
slay- wattle, 3
sleek, 1
sled, 1
slee, 1
sleeas, 1
slem, 1
slibber, 5
sliddery, 1
slindge, 1
slippy, 6
sliver, 1
slocken, 1
slodder, 1
slog, 2
slom, 6
slommock, 5
slommocks, 5, 6
slop, 4, 6
slorry, 3
slouch, 5
slouch along, 5
slub. 4
slubby, 4
slummockv, 4
slush, slosh, 1
smack, 6
smack-smooth, 3
smartish, 6
smell-smock, 4
smickery, 3
smit, 1
smittle, 1
smock, 1
smoor, 1
smout, 1
smudge, 1
smuke, 1
snag (a), 1, 4
snag (6), 3, 4
snagger, 1
snap, 1
snape, 1, 2
snapper, 1
snead, sneath, 4
sneck, 1
sneel, 1
snerl, 1
snert (a), (6), 1
snew, 2
snicker, 4
suite, 1
snivler, 4
snizy, 1
snob. 4
snocK-snarl, 1
snod, 1
snood, 2
snope, 2
snoul, 4
snout, 2
snowk, 1
snudge, 4
snuff, 2
snying, 3
so, 3
soal, 3
sob. 4
SOCK (a), 1; (6),
3 : (c), 4, 5
sockle, 3
soil (a). (6), 3
somer-Iand^ 3
sorry, 6
soss (a), 1 ; (6), 4
sotlv, 3
souk, 2
sove, 1
sow-cat, 4
sowk, 1
sowl, 1
space, 4
spalt(a), 3; (6),
4
[c.i-a
spang,!
spang-hew, 1
spaa-ne^ 2
spar-hawk, 4
spark, 5
sparrow, 4
sparticles, 4
spaty 4
spavin, 4
speana,4;8peen,
3
spear. 4
speeaks, 1
si>eean, 1
speeat^ 1
speen, 3; spean,
4
speer, 1
speer-worty, 3
spelk, 2
spice, 1
spilled, 3
spilt, 4
spindle, 2
spinney, 6
spit, 3
splet, 1
spong, 4
spot, 3
spray, 4
sproats, 1
sproddy, 4
sprong, 4
spry- wood, 3
squab (a), 1 ; (6),
4
squacket, 4
squall, 5
squandered, 2
squatch, 6
squez, 5
stab. 4
stacker
:er, 2
■ 6
3
1,2
ier, 3, 4
6,6
,3
^ (a), (6), 1
starken, 1
starred, 6
stars, 6
start, 4
staddle,
staff, ~
SI
stale, -
stales,
stang '
starkbu,
starred.
-e.]
INDEJL
147
3,4
e,4
,1
,1
I
3
ree, 2
il,2
3iid, 3
Jtify, 2
2
;
\
1,2
1
L, 4; stocn,
3; stoach,
{a)Ab\4;
6; (4(e),
3
log, 3
1
4
3,4
cnful, 6;
oachy, 4
3
reach, 3
4
ring, 1
1
3
stove, 3
8,1
ling, 1
i'^
1,3,4
ed, 1
n,l
le, 1
.4
3,4
-baulk, 3
in^, 1
hbias, 3
stub (a), (6), 1;
(d4
stubbing-hack, 1
stubs, 1
stud, 4
stule, 1
stuppin, 3
sturt, 3
stwun, 5
styth, 1
sud, 1
suddent, 6
sullage, suillage,
3,4
suUing, 3
sum, 3
sumerland, 3
summot, 1, 6 ;
summut, 6
sump, 1
Sundays and
work-a-day8,4
suppose, 6
swao, 3
swad, 1
swage, 4
swagger, 6
swaitch, 2
swamous, swam-
ish, 1
swang, 1
swanky. 4
swap (a), 1 ; (6),
4
swar, 1
swarble, 1
swart, swarth, 3
swat, 1
swatn, 1
sway. 2
sweal, 4 ; sweeal,
1
sweet-liquor, 3
swelt, 4
swelter, 1
sweltered, 2
swidden, 1
swig, 3
swin(a),l;(6),
6
swimy, 4
swingle, 4
swingle-tree, 1
swirt, 1
swot, Z]
8ye,l
syed, 1
syne, 1
T, 1
taant, 3
tab. 2
tackle, 4
tag, 3, 4; teg, 4,
6
tageous, 6; tedi-
ous, 4
tail up, 4
tail-wneat, 6
taistrel, 1
tak, 1
take worse, 4
tal'e-pyot, 1
taDy,4
tamsin, 3
tan, 3
tar-grass, 3
tarn, 1
tass-cutter, 3
tatter, 3
tay, 6, 6
tay-kettle-broth,
6
taylior, 1
tazzed, 2
te, I
team (a), 2 ; (6),
3,4
\^^4, 6
tedious, 3 ; tage-
ous, 6
teea, 1
teead, 1
teeave, 1
teen, 3
teeny, 1
teg,4,6;tag,3,4
tell, 4
tellar, teller, 4
telled, 1
temporary, 4
temse, 1
tend. 6
terriole, 6
terrify, 4, 6
tetaw, 3
teuk, 1
tew, 1
tewer, 6
thack, 1, 6
thae, 2
tharm, 1
that. 6
theek, 1
theeker, 1
them, 3
ther, 1
thible. thivel, 1
thick-neead, 1
thick-thumD'd,3
thiller, 5
thill-harness, 4
thomasing, 6
thrang, 1
thraw, 1
thraw owr, 1
threadle, 4;
thredole, 3.
threave, 1
threddle, 3;
threadle, 4
threed, 1
threep, 1
thresn, 1
thrinter, 2
thro, 3
thropple, 1
throtj 3, 4
thwaite, 1
tice. 4
tidoler, 6
tidy, 4
tie. 3
tiflfjr, 4
tift (a), (6), 1
till, 3
tiller, 6
tilt, tilth, 3, i
tilt, 4 ; tilth, 3
timans, 3
timmersome, 4 ,
tine, 3, 4 j
tiptoe, 3
tissick, 4
tisiky, 6
to, 3
toar, 3, 4
tof et, 3
to it, 4
token, 6
tollit, 6
tolt, 4
us
INDEX.
[C-
torn, 6
tommy, 4
tongue, 3
tooK to, 4
tool, 4
topping, 4
torfy, 2
tot, 6
to-year, 3
trail, 1
traily, 1
trapes, 1
trapes about, 4
trapesy, 1
tread, 3
treead, 1
trettles,4;tridd-
lings, 2
trevet^ 3
triddlings, 2;
trettles, 4
trod, 1
tronesj 1
troubled, 4
truck, 4
trug,4
trull, 3
trute, 1
try, 3
tub, 3
tufc, teugh, 1
tuffet, 4
tule, 1
tun, 3
tunnel, 3
tup, close, 2 ;
tup, 6 ; tupe, 1
turmut, 5
turn, 4, 6
tussock, 4, 6
tussome, 3
tut. 3
tuth, 1
tutli-wark, 1
tuv, 1
twill, 1
twilt, 1
twinge, 3
twinter, 2
twitter, 3
two, 3
fyan, 1
Unaccounta
ible,
onbekant, 4
onbeknownt, 6
oncoth, 1
ungain, 4
unked, 6 ; unky,
3
unlucky, 6
unsided, 1
unthmm, 3
up (a), 3; (6), 4
up-aboon, 1
up afield, 5
up-haud, 1
up o* heet, 1
upstanding, 4
upstart, 4
upward; 3, 4
urchin, 1
urge, 6
use, 3, 4
uven, I
Vantage, 4
varmin. I
var-nign, 5
varra, 1
vast, 3
venturesome, 4
vigilous, 3
villers, 3
vine, 3
viper's dance, 5
Wabble, 1
wacken, weeak-
en, 1
wad (a), (6), 1
waffles, 1
waffling, 1
waft, 1
wag, 3
waggle, 1
wake (a), 1 ; (6),
1,6
walsh, 1
wandales, wan-
dels, 2
wankle, 1
wannle, 1
wanny, 6
waps. 3, 5, 6
war (a), (6), I
war (c), 2
wark (a), (6), 1
warm, 6
warp, 3
warse, 1
waste, 4
watched, 6 ;
watcherd, 5
water-dogs, 4
wath, 1
watter, 1
watter-poddish,
1
wattle, 3
wattles, 3, 4
waur, 3
wawk, 1
wawknull, 1
wawl, 1
wax, 1
waywind, 6
weald. 3
weanaer, 4
wean-year, 4
weea, 1
weeny, 1
welted, 4
wench, 6
went, 3
wesh, 1
wet, 3, 4
wet-foot, 3
wever, 6
whale, 1
wharrel, 1, 2
whay-say, 1
whean, 1
wheatkin, 3
wheem, 1
whemnile, 1
when, 3
wheng, 1
whcnt, 1
whicket for
whacket, 3
whidder, 1
whiewer, 3
whiffle, 4
while, 3
whilk (a), 1 ; (6),
3;(c),4
whmge, 1
whinny, 1
whins, 1
whippens,4
whirtle-berries,
3
whisht (a), (6), 1
whistling
thrusher, 6
whit-leather, 5
whitlow, 1
whome, 6
why, 3
whye, quy, 1
wick, 1
wid, 3
wiff, 3
wig, 3
wik.3
wilfuLe
willgiU,3
willow-gull, 3
winch, 3
wind, 3
winded, full-
winded, 4
winder, 3
windrow, 3, 4
wips, 3
withy, 4, 6
witter, 3
wittles, 4
wizened, 1 ;
wizen, 6
woodreve, 4
work, 6
work-by-the-
gret, 5
workish, 3
worky-day. 3 ;
see Simdays
worrit, 6; wor-
rut, 5
wratch, 6
wreck, 2
wrexon*d, 3
wrongs, to, 3
wrongtake, 3
wrowt, 1
wursle, 1
wuts, 6
Yabble, I
yaffler, 4
yah, yan, 1
yak, 1
yal 1
yalnouse, 1
c. 1— e.]
INDEX.
149
yallaa, 5
yaud. 1
yaugh, 3
yawl, 3
yance, 1
yap, 1
yar, 3
yawnups, 5, 6
yarbs, 6
years, m, 4
yard, 3
yed(a),2;(6),6
yark, 1
ye d, 3
yass, 1
yellow-hammer.
yat, 1, 5
3
yat-stoup, 1
yelm, 5
yenlade,yenlet,3
yent, 6
yeoman, 3
yer, 5
yerd, 1
yet (a), 1 ; (&), 3 ;
(c). 5
yetlin, 1
yet-na, 3
yexlo, 3
yoe, 6 ; yew, 6
yoke, 3
yoller, 1
yon, 6
yow, 5; yoe, 6
yowden, 1
yowl, 1
yule-candle, 1
yule-clog, 1
yure, 1
I
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