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raartRTTor mi

^nblic fotumtnts of glasaatfeustlts:

ANNUAL REPORTS

Public Officers and Institutions

1904.

' PDBUSBBD BT THB BKCBBTABY OF THK COHUOMWZALTH.

Vol. XII.

BOSTON:

WRIGHT & TOTTER PBINTIKG CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Officb 8()i7ABI.

1905.

tNIVERSITY Of L -CAOO
LIBRAF >
266892
MARCH I93«

Index to Public Documents.

Sebibs 1904.

Vol. L

Beport of the Secretary of the Commonwealth^
Report of Treasurer and Receiver General,
Beport of Auditor of Accoants,
Beport of Attorney-General, . . . .

46
5
6

Vol. n.

Beport of Tax CommiBsioner, .
Aggregates of Polls, Property and Taxes,
Abstract of Certificates of Corporations, .
Report of Controller of County Accoants,

16
19
10
29

Vol. in.

Beport of State Board of Charity,

Beport of State Board of Insanity,

Beport of Trastees of the Danvers Insane Hospital,
Beport of Trastees of the Northampton Insane Hospital,
Beport of Trastees of the Taunton Insane Hospital,
Beport of Trustees of the Worcester Insane Hospital,
Beport of Trustees of the State Hospital,
Beport of Trustees of the Westborough Insane Hospital,
Beport of Trustees of the Massachusetts Hospital for Dipso-
maniacs and Inebriates,

17
63
20
21
22
28
26
80

Report of Traetees of the Medfield Insane Asylum,
Report of Trustees of the Massachusetts State Sanatorium,
Report of Trustees of the Massachusetts Hospital for Epileptics,
Report of Trustees of the State Colony for the Insane, .

Vol. IV.

Report of State Board of Health, ....
Report of Board of Registration in Medicine, .
Report of Board of Registration in Dentistry, .
Report of Board of Registration in Pharmacy,
Report of Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board,

Vol. V.

Report of Board of Railroad Commissioners and Returns of

Railroad Corporations,

Report of Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners,

Vol. VI.

Report of Commissioners of Savings Banks (Part I. — Savings
Banks, Institutions for Savings, Safe Deposit, Loan and
Trust Companies. Part II. — Co-operative Banks, Collateral
Loan Companies, Mortgage Loan and Investment Companies) ,

Vol. VII.

Report of Insurance Commissioner (Part I. — Fire and Marine.

Part II. — Life, Casualty and Assessment),
Report of Commissioners of Firemen's Relief Fund,

59
61
62
70

38
S2

14
35

9
64

Vol. VIII.

Report of Secretary of State Board of Education, .
Report of Trustees of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts
School for the Blind,

Report of Trastees of the Massachasetts School for the Feeble

minded,

Report of Librarian of the State Library,
Report of Free Pabiic Library CommissioD,
Report of CommiBsioDer of Pabiic Records,

Vol. IX.

Report of Secretary of the State Board of Agricoltare, . . 4
Report of the Hatch ExperimcDt Station of the MasBachasetts

Agricoltaral College, 83

Report of Trustees of the Massachasetts Agricnltural College, 31

Report of State Dairy Bareaa, 60

Vol. X.

Report of Adjatant General,

Report of Chief of the District Police, .

Report of Board of Prison Commissioners,

Report of Board of Police for City of Boston, .

Report of Board of Police for City of Fall River, .

Report of Commissioner of State Aid and Pensions,

Report of Board of Conciliation and Arbitration,

Report of Trustees of the State Lyman and Industrial Schools, 18

Report of Trustees of the State Farm, 24

7
32
41
49
58
68
40

Vol. XI.

Report of Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths, with
Statistics of Divorce, and of Deaths investigated by the

Medical Examiners, 1

Report of Bureau of Statistics of Labor, 15

Statistics of Manufactures, 86

Betams of Number of Assessed Polls, Registered Voters, etc., 43
Report of Cases of Contested Elections, ... .37

Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of
Report of

Vol. Xn.

Board of Harbor and Land Commissioners,
Commissioners on Fisheries and Game, .
Commissioners of Naatical Training School, .
Metropolitan Park Commission,
Civil Service Commission,
State Highway Commission, ....
Wachusett Mountain State Reservation Commission
Commissioners on War Records,

Grey lock Commission,

State Board of Publication, ....

Charles River Basin Commission,

Board of Registration in Veterinary Medicine, .

11
25
42
48
53
54

PUBLIC DOCUMENT . . ,

TWENTY-SIXTE ANNUAL REPORT

Board of Harbor and Land
commissionebs.

roB THK Tear 1904.

BOSTON !
WaiUHT & POTTER PKINTING CO.. STATE PRINTERS,

18 POBT OffICB S4D4RB.

1905.

Approved by
The State Board of Publication.

€>ammanbsmlih d S9^assHr|rttsjetts.

REPORT.

To the Honorable the Senate and House of BepresenkUives of the Com-

monweaUh of MasaachuseUs.

The Board of Harbor and Land Commissioners, pursuant
to the provisions of law, respectfiiUy submits its annual re-
port for the year 1904, covering a period of twelve months,
from Xov. 30, 1903, being the twenty-sixth annual report
of the Board since its establishment by chapter "263 of the
Acts of 1879, which act conferred upon it the powers and
duties of the several boards, established by chapter 149 of
the Acts of 186(> and chapter 213 of the Acts of 1877.

From Dec. 1, 1903, to Nov. 30, 1904, the Board has
held 210 meetings, has given 246 formal and informal hear-
ings, and lias received 152 petitions for license to build and
maintain structures and for privileges in tide waters, great
ponds and Connecticut River, to dredge material, to remove
material from beaches, and for other purposes.

Xinety-nine licenses for structures and privileges in tide
^vate^s, great ponds and Connecticut River have been granted
during the year ; also 37 permits for dredging, for the re-
moval of material from beaches, and for other purposes.

Sixty-six inspections have been made at various times by
the Board, and under its direction, of work completed and
in progress ; also of sites of authorized work, under appro-
priations made by the Legislature, relating to : dredging
operations in Boston harbor; improvements on the Com-
monwealth's flats at South Boston ; the reclamation of the

4 HARBOR AM) LAND COilMISSlOJSERS. [Jan.

Province Lands in ProVincetown ; protective works on the
Connecticut River at Hatfield and Hadley; Bass River in
Beverly ; Salem harbor ; wall and jetties at Stony Beach in
Hull ; channel and jetties at Green harbor ; Stage liarboi-
in Chatham ; Red River in Chatham ; jetties and channel at
Menamsha Inlet ; jetties and channel at Lake Antiionj- ;
Vineyard Haven harbor ; jetties and channel in Bass River
at South Yarmouth ; East and West bays at Osterville ;
Cotuit harbor ; Witchmere harbor in Harwich ; also upon
petitions and plans presented to the Board of the sites of
proposed work in tide waters, the location of wrecks and
obstructions to navigation; various structures built under
licenses from the Board ; sites of alleged dumping of ma-
terial into tide waters ; sites suggested for location of a new
drawbridge across Taunton Great River, between Fall River
and Somerset ; town boundary survey work.

Through transactions of the Board there has been paid
into the treasury of the Commonwealth during the past year,
from rents, licenses, sales of land and other sources, and
credited to the Conmionwealth's flats improvement fund and
the harbor compensation fund for Boston harbor, the aggre-
gate sum of $34,983.71.

During the year the Board made 11 new contracts,* in-
volving the estimated expenditure by the Commonwealth of
$93,272.39.

Boston Terminal Company.

•

Certain lands of the Commonwealth in Fort Point channel,
covered by tide water and abutting the harbor line estab-
lished by chapter 170 of the Acts of 1880, were taken by
the Boston Terminal Company on Jan. 5, 1897, under
chapter 516 of the Acts of 1896, which authorized the build-
ing of the South Terminal station. On Sept. 2, 1897, the
Board granted a license to the company to fill solid in tide
water westerly of and adjoining the westerly side line of
Dorchester Avenue extension, and between the southerly
side line of Summer Street extension and the easterly side

• See Appendix A.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo. 11. 5

line of Federal Street, ''without waiving any of the rights
of said Commonwealth to claim, demand and recover any
and all damages sufTered by the taking of land under the
provisions of chapter 516 of the Acts of 1896."

Subsequently, the Board placed the claim of the Common-
wealth for payment for the lands so taken in the hands of
the Attorney-General, who brought suit to recover the value
o{ 63,410 square feet of land under tide water.

The Terminal company resisted payment on the grounds

that the taking only changed the use of the land from travel

by water to travel by land, inasmuch as it went into streets ;

and that in acting under chapter 516 of the Acts of 1896

it was by command of the Legislature and not of its own

volition, and for these reasons it should not he charged with

payment for the land. The Supreme Judicial Court failed

to uphold the contention of the company and its liability

became fixed. The parties have reached an agreement as

to value without going to a jury, and the Terminal company

is to pay the Commonwealth the round sum of $94,000 in

full satisfiEU^tion and discharge.

Boston Harbor.

The natural advantages of Boston harbor for the purposes
of a great port are familiar to the citizens of the Common-
wealth. Up to the middle of the last century they sufficed
for the growing commerce without artificial assistance.
Now, however, the advent of enormous steamships as car-
riers of merchandise and passengers requires the deepening
of channels, broadening of basins, lengthening of docks and
the enlargement of piers and wharves, together with gen-
erally increased accommodation and improved facilities for
handling cargoes.

If economical accommodation is lacking at one port it
is sought at another, and although superior economies are
not wanting at the port, they must coexist with adequate
facilities for rail transportation to hold success in competition.

In the long run the well-equipped port, which puts the
smallest toll on goods from the interior passing through for

6 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

transportation abroad, stands the best chance for larg-e traffic .
Striking instances of a greatly increased volume of busi-
ness following a perfected equipment for transporting and
handling grain are observable at New Orleans and Montreal.
In both places large and judicious expenditures by the
municipalities and the railroads combined to create most
favorable arrangements for ti-anshipment at the least cost.
In connection therewith the mouth of the Mississippi was
deepened and the channels of the St. Lawrence were en-
larged so as to increase their navigable capacity and render
navigation safer. The result was an immense growth in
export of cereals at those points, far beyond any previous
experience, which continued so long as demanded by the
markets abroad, and also an ability to maintain successful
competition when the demand slackened.

It may be interesting to note how fairly well during the
recent five-year period the exports of grain from Boston
have held, compared with other leading ports on this con-
tinent, as exhibited in the following table, showing in round
numbers the proportionate decrease in the total bushels
of grain shipped from the Atlantic and Gulf ports, 1899-
1903: —

Montreal declined flrom 28,000,000 to 25,000,000 bushels.

Portland declined from 11,000,000 to 3,000,000 bushels.

Boston declined from 37,000,000 to 14,000.000 bushels.

New York declined from 97,000,000 to 42,000,000 bushels.

Philadelphia declined from 41,000,000 to 11,000,000 bushels.

Baltimore declined from 61,000,000 to 23,000,000 bushels.

Newport News declined from 22,000,000 to 8,000,000 bushels.

New Orleans declined from 34,000,000 to 25,000,000 bushels.

Galveston increased from 22,000,000 to 24,000,000 bushels, though in
1902 only 12,056,594 bushels were exported.

The value of the total imports and exports at Boston, 1875-79, was
1439,640,323.

The value of the total imports and exports at Boston, 1899-1903, was
»914, 075,225.

This is a good showing, notwithstanding the falling off in
exports of grain from 37,000,000 bushels in 1899 to 14,000,-
000 in 1903. The value of the exports was sustained by
manufactured products, in which there was a large increase.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 7

At the same time, imports increased from $63,500,000 in
value in 1899 to $82,500,000 in 1903. The growth in
exports of manufactured products, which must be the future
reliance of the port for any marked prosperity, and the
growth of imports are distinctly encouraging indications of
development.

The high quality of the product of specialized industries
of New England has recently been the subject of favor-
able comment by several disinterested foreign observers,
and it unquestionably is upon that class of manufacturing
interests that the future welfare of the eastern States must
depend. The industrial enterprises must be relied on to
provide material for commerce with the outside world.

The conditions of transportation in this country of both
domestic and export merchandise are as yet unsettled.
Discrimination in &vor of some ports and against others
still prevails, but the advantages of a port which offers
ample accommodation with the best facilities for handling
freight at a minimum charge cannot fail of ultimate recog-
nition, and these are the points toward which intelligent
effort is continually directed.

When the time shall come that a uniform contract price
covers the transportation of grain from a fixed zone in the
interior of the United States to a fixed zone abroad, then
shall we realize to its full extent the value of improved ac-
commodations and increased facilities which the railroads,
the Commonwealth and the Federal government by their
several expenditures in the direction of a common benefit
have been enabled to secure.

The progress of harbor improvement at Boston during the
past year, although slower than could be desired, has on the
whole been jSairly satisfactory.

Through the courtesy of Col. W. S. Stanton, U. S. A.,
engineer in charge of the district, the Board is able to report
progress in the United States projects for improvement up
to Dec. 1, 1904, as follows, viz. : —

Project approved July 18, 1892 : to deepen and widen the main
ship channel to a depth of 27 feet and a width of 1 ,000 feet. Un-
der this project the upper and lower main ship channels have been

8 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. (^Jao.

dredged 1,000 feet wide and 27 feet deep. The width available to
navigation is, however, contracted by ledges uncovered by dreclg-
ing. Contracts for the removal of all remaining ledges are no^v in
force and operations ander them are in progress. It is expected
that they will be completed daring the ensuing season of 1905.

Project approved March 8, 1899 : to provide for a channel
1,200 feet wide and 30 feet deep from the main ship chanael in
President Roads through Broad Sound channel. This channel lias
been dredged 30 feet deep at mean low water to the full width of
1,200 feet throughout, but seaward of the angle in the channel the
available width is reduced to 1,145 feet by ledges and will be in-
creased to 1,200 feet by dredging next season.

Project approved June 13, 1902 : to provide channels 35 feet
deep at mean low water, 1,200 feet wide from the navy yard at
Charlestown and the Chelsea bridge and Charles River bridge to
President Roads, and 1,500 feet wide from President Roads
through Broad Sound to the ocean.

Four contracts are in force each for dredging 2,445,000 cubic
yards, aggregating 9,780,000 cubic yards, of which 7,500,000 are
to be dredged from the channel between the bridges and President
Roads and 2,280,000 cubic yards from Broad Sound, at the com-
pletion of which, Dec. 31, 1907, it is expected that a channel 85
feet deep, 540 feet wide, from Chelsea and Charles River bridges
to President Roads, and 675 feet wide from President Roads
through Broad Sound to the ocean, will have been obtained. Un-
der these contracts 2,318,568.5 cubic yards have been dredged,
2,107,246.5 from the upper main ship channel and 211,322 cubic
yards from the Broad Sound section. This work has been carried
on disconnectedly in the four divisions, so that at the present time
there is no continuous width of channel of 35 feet depth available
for navigation.

The new lighthouse of granite at the outer Graves, to
mark the entrance to the harbor by way of Broad Sound, is
built up to its full height of stonework 88 feet, and is
awaiting the arrival of the lenses for installation of another
light of the &st class.

The Lighthouse board has recommended the erection of a
lighthouse on State Ledge at the " Lower Middle," to cost
$52,000. It is much needed as an aid to navigation at a
point where there is a turn or angle in the channel, with
nothing marking the change of direction sufSciently con-

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11.

spiciioas to be sighted in foggy weather. The place will be
remembered as the ledge on which the " Venetian," an iron
steamship of 4,195 tons, Avas wrecked in 1895,

Anchorage.

By chapter 476 of the Acts of 1901, the Board was au-
thorized to dredge, and to build and maintain structures in
Boston )iarbor northerly of the main ship channel, for the
purpose of providing mooring facilities and additional
anchorage ground. The expenditure of $1,000,000 was
authorized by this act, not more than one-fourth part to be
expended in any one year.

In 1902 contracts were entered into for dredging an area
lying along the northerly side of the main ship channel in
the upper harbor, covering about 1 mile in length and 1,000
feet in width, to a depth of 30 feet at mean low water, the
whole area, with a view to carrvinsr on the work economi-
cally and expeditiously, having been divided into four sec-
tions of approximate areas and amounts of excavation (scow
measurement), a« follows : —

Approximate

Area
(Square Feet).

Approximiitc

Excavation

(Cubic Yards)

Section 1,
Section 2,
Section 3,
Section 4,

1,605,000
1,200,000
1,160,000
1,680,000

743,600
749,300
743,700
752,400

The above contracts provided for the completion of all
the work in each section by July 1, 1904, but the time for
the completion of section 2 was extended to April 1, 1905.

It was concluded to defer the construction of the pile
piers for mooring vessels and the solid filling on Bird Island
shoal, which is apart of the approved project, until the
dredging of the area nearest the ship channel has been nearly
completed.

10 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Up to July 1, 1904, only about one-half of the work liad
been completed, although considerably more than that pro-
portion of the whole area had been dredged. The depth of
material to be excavated is much greater on the area remain-
ing to be done than on the portion completed.

The contractors for the various sections also have con-
tracts with the Federal government for excavating portions
of the main ship channel of Boston harbor, and inasmuch as
the government projects and their completion seemed to the
Board of paramount importance, objection has not been
made to the temporary transfer, on several occasions, of
dredging machines from the anchorage basin to the govern-
ment work; consequently all the work under contracts
now in force cannot be completed before the fall of 1905,
the available space for anchorage of deep-draft vessels, how-
ever, has already been materially increased.

The amount of material excavated (scow measurement)
from each section during the year, and the total amount
excavated up to Dec. 1, 1904, are as follows : —

Amoant ezcavatod

from Dec. 1 19Q8,

to Dec. 1, 1904

(Cubic Yards).

Total Amount

excavated
to Dec. 1, 1901
(Cable Tarda).

Section 1,

Section 2,

Section 3,

Section 4,

70,884

226,485
34,425
69,107

474,882
414,632
440,788
474,100

Totals

400,901

1^08,847

The total amount expended on this project up to Dec. 1,
1904, is $247,760.26.

Dredging in Boston Upper Harbor.

In December, 1903, the Board wa« informed that a shoal
existed in Boston harbor at the westerly end of Bird Island

flats, oS piers Nos. 6 and 7 of the Grand Junction wharves
in East Boston, which interfered with steamers of the Ley-
land line in approaching and leaving dock.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 11

A survey was made in December, 1903, and it was found
that to provide a depth of 27 feet at mean low water and
sufficient area would necessitate the dredging of 11,500
cubic yards, situ measurement, from an area of about 28,500
square feet. This dredging would remove a shoal injurious
to navigation generally, beside giving unimpeded passage to
the steamships of that line.

On Jan. 13, 1904, a contract was entered into with the
Eastern Dredging Company to dredge the above area to
27 feet at mean low water, the contract price being 23|
cents per cubic yard, measured in scows. The work was
completed March 31, 1904, 15,340 cubic yards having been
dredged, at a cost of $3,604.90, paid from the income of
the comi^ensation fund for Boston harbor.

In addition to the above work, the contractors for section 1
of the anchorage l)asin in Boston harbor have excavated the
whole width of the westerly end of said section where it pre-
lected in front of the dock between piers Nos. 6 and 7, thus
removing all shoal spots between the dock and the main
ship channel.

DORCHESTEK BaY.

Dredging operations necessary to provide anchorage basins
in Dorchester Bay, off the southerly shore of South Boston,
authorized by chapter 425 of the Acts of 1902, have been
carried on during the year under a contract with the New
England Dredging Company and Eastern Dredging Com-
I^ny, jointly, made Oct. 29, 1902, the price being 21 cents
per cubic yard, measured in scows. The act provides for
an expenditure not exceeding $25,000 in each of the years
1902-03-04-05.

The work is divided into two sections, respectively known
as the 9-foot area and the 6-foot area. The 9-foot area is
the larger and is located near the public landing and the
landings at the South Boston and Boston Yacht Club houses.
The smaller area is located near the L Street bath house and
the landing of the Moscjuito Fleet Yacht Club. The dredg-
ing on the 9-foot area has been completed with the excep-
tion of about 21 acres at the south-westerly corner.

Only a small amount of work was done during the year

12 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

on the 6-foot area, but it is proposed to have substantially
all the work on both areas completed at the beginning of
the next yachting season.

During the year 108,626 cubic yards have been excavated,
making a total of 339,248 cubic yards up to Dec. 1, 1904.

The amount expended to the •same date is $60,500.75.

Dredging Easterly Shore of Dorchester.

On Jan. 28, 1904, the Board, acting under authority of
chapter 439 of the Acts of 1903, which provided for dredg-
ing a channel off the easterly shore of the Dorchester district
of the city of Boston and appropriated $25,000 therefor,
entered into a contract with the Bay State Dredging Com-
pany for dredging an anchorage basin between Savin Hill
and Commercial Point, Dorchester, in the flats adjoining
the main channel of Neponset River, and for enlarging the
channel leading from that main channel to the wharves on
the northerly side of Commercial Point, the channel to be
12 feet deep at mean low water, 75 feet wide on the bottom
and about 700 feet long, and the anchorage basin 9 feet deep
at mean low water, 350 feet wide and about 500 feet long,
or about 4^ acres. The contract price was 23^^^ cents per
cubic yard, measured in scows.

This work was completed in August, 1904, at a cost of
$24,334.02. The total amount expended for this improve-
ment up to Dec. 1, 1904, is $25,363.66, the sum in excess
of the appropriation, $363.66, having been paid from the
appropriations of 1903 and 1904 for the survey and im-
provement of harbors.

In connection with the above work the Savin Hill Yacht
Club has dredged a channel, at its own expense, leading from
the anchorage basin to the landing in front of its club house,
and the Boston Yacht Club has made excavations to extend
the deep water up to its landing. These improvements
permit the owners of larger boats to anchor their craft out
of the channel, where they are pmctically safe from collision
with vessels and barges navigating the river, whereas they
formerly anchored in the channel.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 13

Dredging Northerly Shore of Quincy.

On April 4, 1904, the Board, acting under authority of
chapter 366 of the Acts of 1903, which provided for dredg-
ing a channel off the northerly shore of Quincy, between
Wollaston and Squantum, and appropriated $7,500 therefor,
entered into a contract with the Harries & Letteney Com-
pany for dredging a channel in Quincy Bay, nearly opposite
Sachem Brook, 2,300 feet long, 40 feet wide on the bottom
and 3 feet deep at mean low water, and a branch channel
370 feet long, of the same width and depth, in accordance
with plans made the previous season, the contract price
being $6,800. Subsequently the branch channel was ex-r
tended 50 feet. The work was completed July 1, 1904, at
a cost of $7,000, and these channels afford access at low tide
to the two yacht club landings located at this place. The
total cost of this improvement up to Dec. 1, 1904, is

$7,329.75.

Weymouth Fore River.

By chapter 440 of. the Acts of 1903 an appropriation of
$25,000 was made for dredging the channel in Weymouth
Fore Elver to 24 feet at mean low water. For the reasons
stated in the report of last year the project was curtailed to
limited dimensions and carried out on those lines.

On Oct. 16, 1903, a contract was entered into with the
Harries & Letteney Company to dredge the channel of this
river, extending from Quincy Point bridge down stream
about 1,850 feet, the general width to be 200 feet on the
bottom, and the depth 15 feet at mean low water, the amount
of excavation being estimated at about 22,000 cubic yards,
measured in situ. The contract price was 29| cents per
cubic yard, scow measurement, and the work was completed
Jan. 1, 1904.

The channel thus excavated enables vessels drawing 23
feet to navigate this portion of the river.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, is
$10,235.87.

U HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [.Tan.

Commonwealth Flats at South Boston.

The Commonwealth owns a large tract of filled land at
South Boston, commonly known as the South Boston flats ^
shown on the plan accompanying the annual report of tlie
Board for 1903, and located both northerly and southerly of
Summer Street, easterly of the railroad terminal, and having
a long frontage on Boston upper harbor and the reserved
channel.

The area northerly of Summer Street is 4,317,234 square
feet, or 99.1 acres, exclusive of piers, but including the
filled portion of the Commonwealth pier, 4,662,234 square
feet, or 107.2 acres; of this area 792,287 square feet, or
18.2 acres, is under lease. The area southerly of Summer
Street, exclusive of streets, is 1,917,347 square feet, or
44.0 acres, of which 88,221 square feet, or 2.0 acres, is
under lease, and 304,560 square feet, together with 47,000
square feet in two cross streets, or 8.1 acres in all, is used
temporarily as a public play ground, under authority of
chapter 421 of the Acts of 1891.

The filling of the area described in previous reports as the
26-acre lot, lying easterly of land of the Commonwealth
leased to the Metropolitan Coal Company, was completed in
July, 1904, under contracts entered into on June 26, 1902,
and Oct. 27, 1902, with the New England Dredging Com-
pany and Eastern Dredging Company, jointly.

On Feb. 2io^ 1904, a contract was entered into with
Thomas E. Ruggles to build an extension of 100 feet to the
pile wharf built by the Commonwealth in 1902, and leased
in that year, together with about 249,287 square feet of land
to the Boston Molasses Company. ^ The contract price was
$4,300 and the work was completed in July, 1904. This
extension was desired by the lessee to enable it to discharge
molasses from tank steamers ; and for the greater wharf
facilities an additional rent of $453.40 is paid.

In order to provide a place of deposit for material taken
from cellars and other excavations in various parts of the
cit>% the Board has granted from time to time permits for
depositing the same on the portion of the Commonwealth
lands north of Summer Street, with a result of mising the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 15

grade to the plane of 15 feet above low water, while a well-
coiii|)acted surface is also obtained without cost to the State.

On July 5, 1904, the Commission on Height of Buildings
in the City of Boston, appointed under the provisions of
chapter 333 of the Acts of 1904, made an order establishing
the boandaries of the district designated as A in said act
which includes the Commonwealth's land at South Boston.

By section 3 of this act no building shall be erected to a
height of more than 125 feet above the grade of the street
in any district designated A, the restriction not to apply,
however, to grain or coal elevators or sugar refineries in this
district, nor to steeples, domes, towers or cupolas erected
for strictly ornamental purposes, of fireproof material, on
buildings of the above height or less in any district.

Commonwealth Pier.

The Commonwealth pier at South Boston, 1,200 feet long
and 400 feet wide, with a dock on the westerly side 175
feet wide at the outer end, 200 feet at the inner end and 30
feet deep at mean low water, and a berth at the outer end
of the pier with the same depth, was built by the Common-
wealth and completed, in respect to the pier proper in 1901,
and dredging in 1902. The total cost of this pier up to
Dec. 1, 1904, is $381,877.09, paid from an appropriation
of $400,000 made by chapter 513 of the Acts of 1897.
The structure, dock and berths are in substantially the same
condition as stated in the report of the Board for 1903.

The use of this pier is largely dependent upon the con-
struction of Northern Avenue and bridge elsewhere alluded
to in this report.

The sum of $249.50 has been collected and paid into the
treasury of the Commonwealth during the year, to be
credited to the Commonwealth's flats improvement fund, for
the use by a steamer of the dock on the westerly side
of the pier for the purpose of discharging its cargo into
lighters alongside.

In May, 1904, the Board approved payment of $11,250,
being a balance due for work done on this pier under a con-
tract with George A. Cahill dated March (), 1899.

16 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Northern Avenue and Bridge.

By chapter 381 of the Acts of 1903, Northern Avenue
was laid out across Fort Point channel, also a street con-
necting this avenue with Congress Street, across the lands
of the New England Railroad Company, the Boston Wharf
Company and of the Commonwealth known as the Conmion-
wealth flats at South Boston.

The Board and the Boston Wharf Company complied witJi
the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of the act, but the Bail-
road company delayed the execution and delivery of its
release called for, in order that legislation might be ob-
tained for the payment to it of any claim which the New
England Railroad Company might have against the Com-
monwealth based on an agreement between the Common-
wealth, the New^ York & New England Railroad Company
and the Boston & Albany Railroad Company, made Aug. 1,
1882, and w^hich provided, in brief, for the repayment to
said New York & New England Railroad Company of the
value of the land included within this avenue as laid out
under chapter 381 of the Acts of 1903, when it should be
taken for that purpose. The result of the application to the
I-.egislature was the enactment of chapter 229 of the Acts of
1904, which authorized the Board, with the approval of the
Governor and Council, to make an equitable adjustment of
anv such claim.

The release by the railroad companies was made March
15, 1904, and on June 3, 1904, the Board passed the fol-
lowing vote : —

Whereas^ On the eighth day of December, 1869, an agreement
was made between the Commonwealth of Massachasetts and the
Boston <& Albany Railroad Company, whereby the railroad com-
pany agreed to purchase the 50-acre lot, so called, on the South
Boston flats from the Commonwealth for the sum of 9435,600,
payable in twenty years from Oct. 1, 1872, the Commonwealth
reserving the right to locate across said territory Northern Avenue
75 feet wide ;

And Whereas^ On June 24, 1873, another agreement was made
between the same parties modifying said agreement of Dec. 8,

iy05.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 17

1869, by providing that the soatherly portion of the area to be
oonTejed sboald be released to the Commonwealth and another
area should be granted to the railroad company in substitution
therefor along the westerly side of the premises, of such extent as
would equal the value of the area released, the released area being
valued at 20 cents per square foot, and the area in substitution
therefor being valued at 50 cents per square foot, and further pro-
viding that in case Noithem Avenue should be laid out under the
iodentare of four parts of fi greater width than is stipulated in the
agreement of Dec. 8, 1869, then the railroad company shall not be
required to pay the Commonwealth for said additional area ;

And Whereas^ On June 24, 1873, an indenture of four parts was
entered into between the Commonwealth, the Boston & Albany
Railroad Company, the Boston Wharf Company and the city of
Boston, which provided that the city of Boston may lay out as a
public street, without incurring any liability for land damages for
so doing. Northern Avenue not more than 100 feet wide from Fort
Point channel to the southerly boundary line of the 50-acre lot, as
said avenue is shown on the plan annexed to the sixth annual
report of the Harbor Commissioners, or as the same shall be located
QDder this indenture, and the railroad company agreed to fill up
said avenue to the grade of 16 feet above mean low water as fast
as it filled its other land abutting on it ; and the railroad company
further agreed that the city should be subject to no grade or other
damages for land taken from it by the city in performing its obli-
gations under the indenture ;

And Whereas^ On the third day of April, 1878, the Boston &
Albany Railroad Company paid the Commonwealth the sum of
1330,000 in part payment for the 50-acre lot, at that time some-
what reduced in area, to be thereafter conveyed ;

And WhereaSj By an agreement dated July 15, 1880, the Boston
& Albany Railroad Company agreed to convey the 50-acre lot to
the New York & New England Railroad Company in consideration
of the payment of $330,000 and other considerations ;

And Whereas^ By an agreement dated Aug. 1, 1882, between
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Boston & Albany Rail-
road Company and the New York & New England Railroad Com-
pany, in settlement of claims, controversies and suits then pending,
the Commonwealth agreed to convey the 50-acre lot, including
the area to be occupied by Northern Avenue, to the New York &
New England Railroad Company upon the payment of the sum of
tl00,000, with interest, with the proviso that whenever Northern
Avenue was laid out in such manner either by the Commonwealth

18 HAKBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

or the city of Boston, tbat the railroad compaDj coald not obtain
compeDBatioD for the land so occupied, aod then the Commoii-
wealth should repay to the railroad company the value of the land
so taken at the rate of 20 cents per square foot for the portion
crossing the original area of the 50-acre lot and 50 cents per square
foot for the area added under the agreement of 1873, with interest
at 5 per cent per annum from May 1, 1882 ;

And Whereas^ On May 27, 1889, the Commonwealth, having re-
ceived the said $100,000, with interest, in addition to the amount
theretofore paid, did deed the 50-acre lot to the New York <& New-
England Bailroad Company ;

And Whereas^ By chapter 881 of the Acts of 1903 the Common-
wealth laid out Northern Avenue 100 feet wide across the 50-acre
lot and provided that no compensation for any land or flats of the
railroad companies should be allowed or paid, and required the
railroad companies to release to said city without compensation
their land included within said avenue ;

And Whereas^ The railroad companies have released to the city
of Boston without compensation their lands as by chapter 381
aforesaid required ;

And Whereas^ By chapter 229 of the Acts of 1904 it is provided
that the release by the railroad company to the city of Boston of
land within Northern Avenue shall be without prejudice to the
claim of said company for payment for said land under the agree-
ment of Aug. 1, 1882, and that the Board of Harbor and Land
Commissioners, with the approval of the Governor and Council,
may make an equitable adjustment of any such claim ;

And Whereas^ The Board of Harbor and Land Commissioners
has duly considered the claim of the New England Railroad Com-
pany and its lessee, the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail-
road Company, for compensation for said land, with a view to an
equitable adjustment thereof, and has concluded that the use of
the land has been an equivalent to the yearly interest ;

Now, Therefore, In consideration of the foregoing, it is voted
that the payment of $22,545.60 for the 95,228 square feet of land
at 20 cents per square foot, and the 7,000 square feet of land at
50 cents per square foot, released to the city of Boston for the
building of Northern Avenue, would be an equitable adjustment
of the said claim, and should be made upon a receipt of full satis-
faction and discharge therefor from the railroad companies.

Woodward Emert,
Chas. C. Dotkn,
Geo. E. Smith,
Harbor and Land Commissioners,

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 19

The foregoing action of the Board was approved by the
Governor and Council June 9, 1904, and on June 16, 1904,
a bill for $22,545.60 was approved for payment of the
claim.

Plans for Northern Avenue bridge across Fort Point
channel were prepared by the city engineer of Boston, who
filed with this Board, on June 24, 1904, on behalf of the
city, a petition for their approval. A public hearing was
given on July 6, 1904, and it was decided that the plans
should be so amended that the two draw openings in the
proposed bridge should each be not less than 75 feet wide.
The plans as amended were approved on July 18, 1904, and
license issued.

Subsequently the city submitted the same to the Secre-
tary of War for approval. A public hearing was given on
Sept. 26, 1904, by Col. W. S. Stanton, U. S. A., the en-
gineer officer in charge of river and harbor work in this dis-
trict, when various parties appeared in opposition., and this
Board and others in favor*

The attitude of the Commonwealth was stated by the
chairman of the Board to be as follows : —

•

In 1873, the Commonwealth, the city of Boston, the Boston &
Albany Railroad and the Boston Wharf Company, in pursnance of
a scheme for improving the navigation of Boston harbor and of
developing a large area of useless flats, to result in a common
benefit, made an agreement in writing for filling fiats lying south-
east of Fort Point channel for the purpose of improving the same,
laying out streets and building bridges across the cbannel. Con-
gress Street bridge, one of the bridges referred to in the agree-
ment as Eastern Avenue bridge, was built soon thereafter. The
boilding of Northern Avenue bridge has been delayed for various
reasons until recently. Lately, however, the demands of trade
have become such as to require its building, consequently, in 1908,
the Legislature by chapter 381 of the Acts of that year enacted
a statute, prepared by concurrent action of the counsel of all
parties bound by said agreement, laying out Northern Avenue
^^from Atlantic avenue near Oliver street easterly to Fort Point
channel, thence across said channel by a bridge and thence across
the land of the New England Railroad Company and its lessee, the
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, and lands
of the Commonwealth," as shown on the plan entitled ^^ Plan of

20 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

the Location of Northern Avenue from Atlantic Avenue to and
over the Lands and Flats of the Commonwealth at South Boston,
and of Sleeper Street from Congress Street to Northern Avenue,
March, 1903. Scale, 1 in. = 50 feet. Frank W. Hodgdon, Chief
Engineer. Woodward Emery, Charles C. Doten, George E. Smith,
Harbor and Land Commissioners."

By section 3 of said act the city engineer of Boston was required
to build said avenue and ^' to construct said bridge on masonry
piers and abutments with a superstructure of iron or steel or both,
having a draw or passageway not less than sixty feet wide for
vessels." The railroads and the Boston Wharf Company were
required to and have released their lands to be occupied by the
avenue, and the Commonwealth, in addition to building the portion
of the avenue over its lands, is to pay the city the sum of $260,000
toward the cost of building the bridge.

The city engineer has perfected the plans for the bridge and the
same have been approved by the Harbor and Land Commission as
required by the statute. These plans are now before the War
Department for approval, and are submitted to you for recom-
mendation. It is obvious that the interests of the Commonwealth,
of the city of Boston, of the railroad companies and of the Boston
Wharf Company are to be subserved by the building of this
bridge. Public necessity and convenience demand it. The Com-
monwealth has at great cost filled a large area of territory which
needs for its full development this bridge to the heart of the city
of Boston. The Commonwealth has built a large pier, the largest
in this country, having a length of 1,200 feet, a width of 400 feet
and a surface area of over 11 acres, which will lie idle until this
avenue and bridge are assured. The railroad companies require
this immediate access from their ' freight yards to the heart of
the city and large commercial interests demand its construction.
The chief objection that can be urged would be its obstruction
to the navigation of Fort Point channel. This necessary obstrac-
tion is mitigated as much as is possible by making a draw opening
in the bridge at a suitable place, now planned to be 75 feet wide,
and this is deemed adequate to meet all the requirements of navi-
gation in that locality so far as it can at present be foreseen, and
is satisfactory to the representatives of the largest steamers that
navigate the channel. The objections against it are of the same
character and can have no greater force than those raised against
obstructing any navigable stream by a bridge with a suitable draw
opening. The fact that there are eight bridges above this pro-
posed one already on Fort Point channel is indubitable evidence
of the necessity for navigable interests giving way to the neces-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 21

sitiea of land travel and traffic. In this case I understand the
objectors are largely wharf owners and not navigators. Private
interests are asked to prevail over the public welfare. So far as
the public is concerned it is another instance of one class of trans-
portation facilities becoming slightly abridged for the purpose of
largely increasing the accommodation of another equally if not
more important class of transportation. The right and privi-
leges of river navigation are again asked to yield exclusive en-
joyment of a water section to enjoyment in common with land
transportation .

Further hearing was given by the engineer oflScer on Oct. 6,
1904, when the chairman supplemented his previous state-
ment by referring to decisions of the United States Supreme
Court on the interi:)retation of the acts of Congress appli-
cable to the question, as follows : —

1 think it very important that the law on this question, involving
the true scope of the hearing, which is fully established by decisions
of the Supreme Court of the United States, should be brought to
the attention of the department here and in Washington.

In the first place it is to be observed that the location of the
proposed structure over navigable waters is wholly within the
territory of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

And I state this because you well know that the law differs when
the location is wholly within one State and when it lies between
two States.

Second. — The grounds of the opposition are almost entirely
based on injury to the business of individuals which would be
caused by the erection of another bridge across Fort Point channel.
While it is true that these objectors taken collectively form a part
of the great public, and consequently are entitled to be heard on
the question of whether the public convenience and necessity
require their interests to give way to the greater good of the
greater number, it is respectfully submitted that that-question was
ultimately and finally decided by the local powers clothed with full
authority to decide that question.

Third, — While nothing said by me is to be interpreted as raising
the question of the power of Congress over navigable waters, it is
most respectfully submitted that the only question within the scope
of proper inquiry by the War Department under existing acts of
Congress is limited to the location and form of the proposed struc-
ture. The reading of the various acts of Congress for the protec-
tion and preservation of the navigable waters of the United States

22 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [J

admits of no other meaning under the interpretation given by t;lie
United States Sapreme Court.

The ease of the Lake Shore & Michigan Railroad Company v.
Ohio, Vol. 165, U. S. Rep., p. 365 (1897), was a case where tlie
railroad company, under its charter from the State, undertook to
build a bridge without a draw over a navigable river, and that riglit
was contested in the Supreme Court. The court decided that tiie
provisions of the River and Harbor Act of Sept. 19, 1890, coo*
f erring upon the Secretary of War authority concerning bridges
over navigable water ways, do not deprive the States of authoritiy
to bridge such streams but simply create an additional and cumu-
lative remedy to prevent such structures, although lawfully author*
ized, from interfering with commerce.

It was contended that because they had the permission of the
Secretary of War, the permission of the State was not necessary.

In the opinion of the court, delivered by Mr. Justice White,
page 366, he says : ^' The contention is that the statute in question
manifests the purpose of Congress to deprive the several States of
all authority to control and regulate any and every structure over
all navigable streams, although they be wholly situated withia
their territory. That full power resides in the States as to the
erection of bridges and other works in navigable streams wholly
within their jurisdiction, in the absence of the exercise by Con-
gress of authority to the contrary, is conclusively determined."

Again: '^The mere delegation of power to direct a change in
lawful structures so as to cause them not to interfere with com-
merce cannot be construed as conferring on the officer named the
right to determine when and where a bridge may be built."

Again : '^ The provision that it shall not be lawful to thereafter
erect any bridge, ' in any navigable river or navigable waters of
the United States, under any act of the legislative assembly of any
State, until the location and plan of such bridge . . . have been
submitted to and approved by the Secretary of War,' contemplated
that the function of the Secretary should extend only to the form
of future structures, since the act would not have provided for the
future erection of bridges under State authority if its very purpose
was to deny for the future all power in the States on the subject."

Fourth, — While it is true that the act of Congress aforesaid
has been amended, it is submitted that no subsequent amendment
has materially enlarged the scope of the authority of the Secretary
of War in the foregoing particular. On the contrary, section 9 of
the River and Harbor Act, approved March 3, 1899, contains the
following proviso: ^^ Provided^ that such structures may be built
under the authority of the Legislature of a State across rivers and

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 23

other water ways, the navigable portions of which lie wholly within
the limits of a single State, provided the location and plans thereof
are sobmitted to and approved by the Chief of Engineers and by
the Secretary of War before construction is commenced." It can-
not be ooDtended that the words ^* location" and ^^ form" will be
interpreted as giving to the Secretary of War more than the power
of regalation, certainly not the power of prohibition. A reference
to the opinions of the Sapreme Court of the United States in the
cases following clearly indicated that the scope of the power in-
tended by Congress to be vested in the Secretary of War with
reference to obstructions in and over the navigable waters of the
United States should be limited as above stated: Willamette
Bridge Co. v. Hatch, 125 United States Rep. 1 ; Cummings v. City
of Chicago, 188 United States Rep. 410 ; Montgomery v. Portland,
190 United States Rep. 89.

These are interesting cases inasmuch as they show the necessity,
as the court decide, for the concurrent action on the part of the
Slate and the United States. The authority that is delegated by
the act of Congress to the Secretary of War to act is a limited
authority. I do not undertake to say what the powers of Con-
gress are ; how far it could delegate its authority, because that
qnestion is not before us. The question is how far have the acts
of Congress delegated to the Secretary of War the power to act
in this particular case.

In Cummings against the city of Chicago, the Calumet River
was, so far as its navigable rights went, ceded to the United
States, and Cummings undertook to build a dock in that river
under authority of the Secretary of War ; but the Commissioners
of Public Works had power, under the ordinances of the city of
Chicago, to regulate building of that kind, and the intercession
of the court was asked on the ground that Cummings had not only
not obtained but had been refused permission of the commissioners
to baild into the river, although he had permission from the Secre-
tary of War. The Supreme Court at Washington sustained the
view of the plaintiffs that Cummings had no right to build in the
Calumet River without the authority of the Board of Public Works
of Chicago. The court says : ^' We may assume that Congress
was not unaware of the decision of the above case in 1896 and
of the interpretation placed upon existing legislative enactments.
If it has intended by the act of 1899 to assert the power to take
under national control, for every purpose, and to the fullest pos-
sible extent, the erection of structures in the navigable waters of
the United States that were wholly within the limits of the respec-
tive States, and to supersede entirely tbe authority which the

24 HARBOR AND LAND COMinSSIONERS. [Jan-

States, in the absence of any action by Congress, have in such
matters, such a radical departure from the previous policy of the
government would have been manifested by clear and explicit
language. In the absence of such language it should not be as-
sumed that any such departure was intended."

In Montgomery against Portland the harbor line had been fijced
by the Port Commissioners under authority given them for that
purpose.

Montgomery wished to build out beyond the harbor line so fixed ,
and he went to the Secretary of War and got a United States
harbor line put outside of the harbor line which was established
by the State authorities, and then got permission to erect his
wharf. The city objected. The Supreme Court, reviewing pre-
vious decisions, decided that the Secretary of War's permission
and the establishment of the line outside did not give the Secre-
tary of War any authority to permit Montgomery to build beyond
the harbor line established by the State.

Fifth, — That this limitation of the scope of inquiry by the Sec-
retary of War is the true intent of the acts of Congress and needs
no enlargement, and accords with wisdom, cannot be questioned.
It rests upon the fundamental principles of local self government.
The very essence of the question is local. The vessels would not
visit the locality unless to unload or ship a cargo for a local shipper
or consignee.

But apart from the principle involved, it would be impolitic and
undesirable to impose on the Secretary of War, in addition to all
his manifold duties, the burden and responsibility of revising the
findings of local tribunals upon multitudinous facts of purely local
interest, as to whether the public interest and welfare of a locality
were to be benefited or injured by a proposed public improvement.
It is submitted that not only the unnecessary increase of the bur-
dens of that department would be a powerful argument against any
other interpretation of the meaning of the act than the one con-
tended, but that it is against the public policy of the country to
transfer local questions wholly dependent upon local prejudices and
interests to a department at Washington.

Escanaba v. Chicago, 107 U. S. Rep. 678, 683, is commented
on in the opinion in Cummings v» Chicago, as follows : The ques-
tion was as to the validity of regulations made by the city of
Chicago in reference to the closing, between certain hours of each
day, of bridges across the Chicago River. Those regulations were
alleged to be iuconsistent with the power of Congress over inter-
state commerce. This court said: ^^The Chicago River and its

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 25

branches must, therefore, be deemed navigable waters of the
United States, over which Congress, under its commercial power,
may exercise control to the extent necessary to protect, preserve,
and inaprove their free navigation. But the States have full power
to regulate within their limits matters of internal police, including
in that general designation whatever will promote the peace, com-
fort, convenience and prosperity of their people. This power
embraces the construction of roads, canals and bridges, and the
establishment of ferries, and it can generally be exercised more
wisely by the States than by a distant authority. They are the
first to see the importance of such means of internal communica-
tion, and are more deeply concerned than others in their wise
management. Illinois is more immediately affected by the bridges
over the Chicago River and its branches than any other State, and
is more directly concerned for the prosperity of the city of Chicago,
for the convenience and comfort of its inhabitants, and the growth
of its commerce. And nowhere could the power to control the
bridges in that city, their construction, form and strength, and the
size of their draws, and the manner and times of using them, be
better vested than with the State, or with the authorities of the city
upon whom it has devolved that duty."

Here Boston might be substituted for Chicago, and that language
oould be applied to the case at bar with controlling influence.

Sixth, — In the case before 3'ou no objections have been heard
against the location or the form of the proposed structure. The
plans have been prepared by one of the most skilful bridge
engineers in the Commonwealth, if not in the country, with minute
and careful reference to the conditions and requirements of the
structure and its surroundings, and after full hearing, at which
everybody desiring had an opportunity to be heard, and after con-
sideration of all public and private interests concerned, have been
approved by the State and municipal authorities and by the local
boards, chambers and associations who make it their business
both to promote and guard the interests of commerce and navi-
gation.

The only question which should interest the Secretary of War
is whether the proposed structure, in form and location, would
unreasonably interfere with navigation, — and evidently the word
location is limited in the view of the court to the location of things
within the bridge itself, for instance, the piers relative to the tidal
way through, or the height above the tidal way and the location
and width of the draw opening. Those are all questions which
properly, under the act of Congress, may be supervised by the

26 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS- [Jan.

Secretary of War and may be changed ; but beyond that X do not
think it was the intention of Congress to go, and I think that the
decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States have finally
settled that limit.

The Commonwealth's Flats at East Boston.

The question involving the title of the East Boston Com-
pany to certain of the flats at East Boston, taken by the
Commonwealth under chapter 486 of the Acts of 1897, is
still pending in the Land Court.

The commission on the separation of grade crossings at
East Boston has finally reported in favor of the plan advo-
cated by the Boston & Albany Railroad Company, ^which
permits its tracks to remain substantially in the location
heretofore occupied through the centre of the island ; in
consequence whereof the flats heretofore taken by the Com-
monwealth from the East Boston Company fail to receive
the benefit which a relocation of the railroad tracks on the
east side of the island would have given.

The total amount expended on account of this property,
up to Dec. 1, 1904, is $24,988.79.

South Bay.

On April 8, 1904, the Board entered into a contract with
the Roxbury Central Wharf Company to dredge a channel
across the southerly end of South Bay, in extension of the
channel dredged by the Commonwealth in 1902, about 375
feet long, 110 feet wide on the bottom acid 12 feet deep at
mean low water; the contract price being $8,000 and the
date of completion June 1, 1905. No substantial amount
of work has been done.

In order to provide for the payment of a judgment ren-
dered in February, 1904, against the Commonwealth in the
case of Wm. H. Bent v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
for land taken in South Bay for the purpose of its improve-
ment by dredging, chapter 63 of the Resolves of 1904 was
passed, allowing the sum of $10,500 to be taken from " Im-
provement of South Bay in the city of Boston fund," created
by chapter 278 of the Acts of 1898.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 27

The total amount expended from the above fund up to
Dec. 1, 1904, is $48,503.70. The balance in this fund on
Nov. 30, 1904, was $10,933.80.

Mystic Rrv^Eu.

In the report of the Board for 1901 it was stated that
'' claims for displacement by filling on the west side of the
river have been made up and put into the Attorney-Gen-
eral's bands for collection. These claims are liable to be
contested, on the ground that prior legislation has exempted
the owners of flats on that side of the river, within a limited
territory, from the payment of compensation for tide water
displaced. These contentions raise questions of law which
it will be necessary to take to the Supreme Judicial Court
for decision, before the rights and obligations of the Com-
monwealth and the contending parties can be ascertained
and settled."

The cases of the Commonwealth against Stone and Met-
calf, relating to payment of certain assessments for tide
water displaced by filling in Mystic River on a portion of
the territory lying between Johnson's wharf and Elm Street,
in Charlestown, and involving questions of law referred to
in the above report, were decided adversely to the Com-
monwealth by the Supreme Judicial Court in February last
on the ground that St. 1893, chapter 334, was an extension
of the right to fill the defendants' lands without paying for
the displacement of tide water, which was originally granted
to the Mystic River Corporation, and that this extension
granted in terms to the defendants and others who were in
possession inured to their benefit in such a way as to exempt
them from the provisions of Public Statutes, chapter 19,
section 14.

Merrimac River Harbor Line.

In July, 1904, the Board heard parties interested in a
petition for license to build a wharf on the northerly shore
of Merrimac River in Haverhill within that section of the
city frontage on which no harbor line has been established.
Tie question of permitting a structure to extend into the
river beyond the bank as far as desired by the petitioner in

28 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

this case, and the expediency of having a known limitation
binding upon all adjacent estates, alike leads the Soard to
recommend to the Legislature the advisability of extending
the harbor line fixed by chapter 313 of the Acts of 1 902 in a
general easterly and south-easterly direction to a point oppo-
site Buttonwoods Avenue.

Annisquam River.

In accordance with the provisions of chapter 71 of the
Resolves of 1903, a survey was made of Annisquam River
in that year, also estimates of the cost of improving* the
channel.

The project provided for dredging a channel with a depth
of not less. than 6 feet at mean low water from the head of
the present 6-foot channel opposite Wolf Hill, through the
cut into Gloucester harbor, this channel to be 100 feet wide
on the bottom from the end of the present 6-foot channel
up to the entrance of the cut, thence 60 feet wide on the
bottom through the cut into the harbor. The Board re-
ported that this improvement would involve the expenditure
of $75,124.

By chapter 88 of the Resolves of 1904 the project was
approved in modified form, limiting the cost to $50,000, to
be expended at the rate of not over $17,000 a year, and the
dimensions of the channel between Gloucester harbor and
Wolf Hill, or thereabout, according to the plan made by the
Board under the provisions of chapter 71 of the Resolves of
1903, to the width of not exceeding 50 feet, with a depth ot
not exceeding 6 feet at mean low water.

In furtherance of this project the Board prepared and for-
warded for signature certain releases, and communicated
with the city engineer of Gloucester in respect to the high-
way bridge known as Cut bridge across this river, as the
carrying out of the improvement involves the rebuilding of
this bridge as well as the strengthening of the foundations
of the Boston & Maine railroad bridge. Subsequently, con-
ference was liad with the mayor of Gloucester and others
interested, at which it appeared that no plans had been
adopted by the city of Gloucester for rebuilding the high-
way bridge. The railroad company has signified its willing-

1905.] PUBLIC D0CUMJ:NT — No. 11. 29

ness to make the desired changes in its bridge, but the Board
is awaiting action by the city of Gloucester before coni-
pletiDg its plans and advertising for proposals.

The total amount expended on the project for the im-
provement of this river, up to Dec. 1, 1904, is $1,399.28.

Bass River, Beverly.

By chapter 341 of the Acts of 1903 the Board was directed

to dredge the channel of Bass River, in Beverly, from Isa-

belle^s Island, near Elliott Street, to the mouth of that river

at its junction with Danvers River, to a depth of 18 feet at

mean high tide, the channel to be made 100 feet wide

wherever in the judgment of the Board it is practicable,

and at the end nearest Elliott Street may, in the discretion

of the Board, be made of greater width.

It was estimated in 1903 that the total cost of the work
would be about $85,000. Section 4 of the act provides for
the payment by the Commonwealth of $25,000 for dredging
and damages that may be awarded under section 2 of the
act. The excess above $25,000 is to be paid by the city of
Beverly.

On Feb. 2, 1904, a contract was entered into with Charles
H. Souther and John H. Gerrish to dredge a channel about
6,500 feet long, 100 feet wide on the bottom and 9 feet deep
at mean low water, except that where ledge is encountered
the channel through the rock is to be excavated 75 feet wide
on the bottom and at least 9 feet deep at mean low water.

The contract provided for the completion of the whole
work by Oct. 30, 1904, the price for dredging the channel
and disposing of the material being 33^ cents per cubic yard,
scow measurement ; and for excavating ledge and disposing
of the material $11.40 per cubic yard, measured m situ.

Owing to delay, partially due to the reconstruction of
the bridge over this river, the work will not be completed
antil the summer of 1905.

At the present time, with the exception of a small amoui)t'
at the mouth of the river, the channel has been excavated,
up to within about 1,000 feet of its terminus, but the rook
removal has not been commenced. Up to Dec. 1, 1904,
128,200 cubic yards of material have been dredged, of

30 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

which 84,240 cubic yards have been deposited in deep water
in the outer portions of Salem harbor and the balance used
for filling the wharves on the banks of Bass River.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, is
$33,640.99, of which $24,203.27 has been paid by the
Commonwealth and $9,437.72 by the city of Beverly.

Connecticut River.

By chapter 344 of the Acts of 1885 this Board was given
the general care and supervision of the Connecticut Kiver
and its banks, and of all structures therein, to prevent and
remove unauthorized encroachments and causes of every kind
which may in any way injure the river, and to protect and
develop the rights and property of the public therein.

Hadley. — In 1888 an appropriation of $15,000 was made
for building protective works to prevent further inroads of
the river upon the northerly side of Hadley. The work
done under this appropriation was the grading of the bank
above the water line to a uniform slope, the covering of the
slope above and below the water line with mats constructed
of willow, brush and poles, and the placing of rubble stone
and riprap over the mats. Willows were also set in the
slope above the low-water line, and have since grown into
the banks, thus by the spread of their roots affording ad-
ditional protection. The method of construction adopted
by the Board has been fully described in preceding reports.

Additional appropriations for protective works in Hadley
have been made as follows : —

Resolves of 1889, chapter 17, tl6>000

Resolves of 1900, chapter 100 15,000

Resolves of 1901, chapter 94, 16,000

Total appropriations, 60,000

In 1902 a dike was built where the river had broken
through the bank, just below the bridges crossing the river
between Northampton and Hadley, at a cost of $1,731.54.
*. In 1903 and 1904 the riprapping on the bank was rein-
forced where it had been undermined and displaced, and
where it had settled, at a total cost of $4,159.83.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 31

The total length of river bank which has been treated
thus fiur is about 5,200 feet.

The total amount expended at Hadley up to Dec. 1, 1904,
is $60,8fi4.41, a portion of which has been paid from appro-
priations for repairing damages along the coast line or river
banks of the Commonwealth.

West Springfield. — By chapter 90 of the Resolves of
1891 an appropriation of $5,000 was made for protective
work to prevent further inroads of the river upon the
easterly side of the town of West Springfield and the de-
struction of property. The bank of the river to the extent
of about 210 feet was treated, on practically the same plan
and by the same methods adopted at Hadley.

The total amount expended at West Springfield up to
Dec. 1, 1904, is $4,916.49.

Agawam. — By chapter 101 of the Resolves of 1894 an
appropriation of $2,000 was made for protective works
along the western bank of the river in Agawam. Addi-
tional appropriations for protective works at this place have
been made as follows : —

Resolves of 1895, chapter 67, #3,000

Resolves of 1896, chapter 95, 1,500

Resolves of 1897, chapter 68 1,500

Total appropriations, 8,000

This work was done in 1894-97, substantially on the
same plan and by the same methods used at Hadley and
West Springfield, resulting in the protection of about 2,400
feet of the river bank.

The total amount expended at Agawam up to Dec. 1,
1904, is $8,006.76.

Hatfield. — By chapter 82 of the Resolves of 1903 an
appropriation of $7,500 was made for protective works at
Hatfield to further prevent inroads and encroachments of
the river along the western bank. The Board, as stated in
its report of last year, after an inspection and study of the
locality and existing conditions, concluded to build two
connected earthen dikes 10 feet in width at the crest, with

32 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [^Jan.

side slopes of 2^ to 1, to prevent further encroachmen
and on June 2, 1904, entered into a contract with KLi^ly
& Gleason to build the same, also to furnish and lay pij>o3
for drainage through or under the dikes, and to protect t;lie
outlets with bulkheads of stone masonry and with paving.
The work was completed in November, 1904.

The total amount expended at Hatfield up to Dec. 1,
1904, is $5,110.24.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, in pro-
tecting the Connecticut River banks in Hadley, West
Springfield, Agawam and Hatfield, is $78,896.90.

Green Harbor.

By chapter 495 of the Acts of 1896 the Board of Harbor
and Land Commissioners and the State Board of Healtli
were constituted a joint board to investigate and report on
Green Harbor in the town of Marshfield.

In accordance with the recommendations of the joint board,
made in its report to the Legislature in 1898, an appropria-
tion of $67,000 Avas made in that year for the improvement
of Green Harbor below the dike by excavating an anchorage
basin within the point of Duxbury Beach, and opening a
channel from the basin to the sea, the entrance to be pro-
tected by stone jetties.

A contract for the construction of two stone jetties, with
an opening of about 200 feet between their outer ends, was
entered into Sept. 27, 1898, with the Rockport Granite
Company of Massachusetts, and they were completed in the
fall of 1899 at a cost of $33,256.93. A timber wall to
direct the current of Out River flowing into Green Harbor,
and thus assist the main current in keeping the entrance
clear, was completed in February, 1900.

A contiuct with Augustus B. Martin to dredge the
channel between the jetties to 5 feet at mean low water,
with a width of 60 feet on the bottom, and to excavate an
anchorage basin just inside the Narrows, about 350 feet by
300 feet, to the same depth as the entrance channel, was
made and completed in 1900 at an expense of $26,073.79.
In this year the timber bulkhead previously built at the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 33

inner end of the westerly jetty was extended alongside the
jetty, to act as a sand catch and thus increase the height of
the beach and prevent waves washing over the beach into
the new channel. Bowlders were also removed at the
entrance of the channel.

By chapter 393 of the Acts of 1904 the Board was directed
to dredge Green Harbor River, in its discretion, to such
depth as it might determine to be needful, and authorized
to expend therefor not exceeding $10,000.

A survey aud examination of the harbor were 'made in
June, 1904, showing that the location of the channel, which
had been dredged to a width of 60 feet on the bottom and
depth of 5 feet, had changed and the same had filled to a
considerable extent, and that the channel from the anchor-
age basin to the sea had a depth ranging from 4 feet at mean
low water to IJ feet, and a width varying from 60 feet to
110 feet between the low-water lines. The anchorage basin
has shoaled considerably and the westerly jetty has settled.
At the present time boats drawing 18 inches can pass in and
out of the harbor at ordinary low water,* and this appears to
be about the size of channel which the present tidal volume
of the harbor will maintain with the jetties as now built.

No contract for the dredging authorized by the act of
1904 has been made, as it is considered inadvisable before
the jetties are built up.

The total amount expended for the improvement of Green
Harbor since beginning work in 1898, up to Dec, 1, 1904,

is $65,961.42.

Stage Harbor.

The Board, acting under authority of chapter 47 of the
Resolves of 1903, prepared plans and specifications during
that year for building a timber dike and structures in the
breach at the eastern end of Stage harbor in Chatham, to
protect the harbor from encroachments or damage by the
sea, the appropriation therefor being $5,000. The only
proposal received for this work was 50 per cent, greater
than the amount appropriated, and was rejected.

By chapter 90 of the Resolves of 1904 the Board was
authorized to expend $1,000 for building the structures

34 HARBOR AND LAND COM^HSSIONERS. [Jan.

authorized by chapter 47 of the Resolves of 1903, in ad-
dition to $5,000 appropriated by the latter resolve.

On July 21, 1904, proposals were received for building
a timber bulkhead or dike across the channel throug'h the
marsh into the eastern end of the harbor, and for extending
the structure across the marsh to the sand dunes on either
side, together with timber fences supported by embank-
ments of sand to close the valleys through the sand dunes to
the south of the main dike. .

Before the proposals were received some of the inhabit-
ants of Chatham remonstrated to the Board on the ^ound
that changes had recently taken place which rendered it in-
advisable, in their opinion, to build the structures. The
outer beach since the last season had built up and connected
with the main land on the southerly side of the entrance to
Pleasant Bay, thereby greatly reducing the flow of water
through the breach into Stage harbor.

After inspection the Board concluded that such changes
had taken place in the movement of sand as to avoid imme-
diate menace to th^ harbor, and that it would consequently
defer action for the present and watch for such changes as
may occur.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, is
$135.44.

Red River, or Bucks Creek, Chatham.

By chapter 102 of the Resolves of 1904 the Board was
authorized and directed to construct a timber jetty at the
mouth of Red River in Chatham, if in its opinion it is ex-
pedient so to do. The expenditure of $1,000 was authorized
by the resolve.

An examination and survey of this locality were made in
June, 1904, and it was subsequently concluded to invite
proposals for the construction of a timber jetty about 150
feet long on the westerly side of the mouth of Red River,
otherwise known as Bucks Creek.

A large fishing fleet harbors at this haven and the project
is calculated to protect its interests and enhance its safety.

On Aug. 2, 1904, the Board entered into a contract with

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 35

Thomas & Connor .to build this jetty, the contract price
being $5.50 per lineal foot. Upon the completion of the
contract 156 lineal feet of jetty will have been built, at an
expense of $858, making the total cost of this improvement
$1,091.10, of which amount a portion will be paid fipom
the appropriation for survey and improvement of harbors.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, is
$194.60.

WiTCHMERE HaRBOK.

The entrance to Witchmere harbor at Harwichport has
\>een improved by the extension, under chapter 463 of the
Acts of 1899, of the stone jetty which was in existence in
1899, and by building a timber jetty, about 250 feet long,
on the easterly side of the entrance parallel with and 100
feet easterly of the stone jetty.

The Board reported in 1902 that the channel had deepened
slightly, but that there was not sufficient depth to enable
large boats to enter the harbor. By chapter 91 of the Re-
solves of 1904 the sum of $3,500 was appropriated for im-
proving this harbor by dredging the channel and in such
other manner as it may be deemed best, provided, however,
that the town of Harwich or the citizens thereof should,
before work was commenced, deposit not less than $500
with the Treasurer of the Commonwealth to complete the
same. A survey was made in June, 1904, and it was esti-
mated that the cost of excavating and protecting the pro-
posed channel would be not less than $4,000.

The Board was informed by the State Treasurer on Sept.
1, 1904, that $500 had been paid under the above resolve.

Owing to the late date at which the deposit was made it
was deemed inadvisable to do the work this year. Plans
and Hpecifications, however, have been prepared and pro-
poflals will shortly be advertised.

The total amount expended on this harbor up to Dec.
1, 1904, is $4,975.46.

36 HAKBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

East Bay, Osterville.

By chapter 376 of the Acts of 1903 the Board was author-
ized, if deemed advisable, to cut a channel or opening from
Nantucket Sound into East Bay, at Osterville, and construct
jetties for the protection thereof. The sum of $6,500 was
appropriated for this improvement.

After examination a contract was entered into Dec. 29,
1903, with Samuel N. Ames, Joseph P. Hallett and eTehiel
R. Crosby, to excavate a channel through the beach into
Nantucket Sound, to build two stone jetties, to riprap witli
stone the banks of the cut through the beach, also to close
by a temporary dam the existing outlet to the Sound ; the
cut to be 175 feet wide on the bottom, with side slopes not
steeper than 2 to 1 ; the jetties to be 250 feet apart between
the centre lines, the easterly one to be 100 and the westerly
one 250 feet long.

This work was completed in May, 1904, and the current
has since deepened the channel so that it is from 4 to 6 feet
deep at mean low water between the jetties and extends
with somewhat less depth out over the bar so that boats of
2 feet draft can enter and leave the bay at all stages of the
tide. Since the completion of the jetties the beach for a
short distance to the eastward of the easterly jetty has been
protected by riprap. The result of the whole work is a
deeper and straighter entrance to the bay. Changes are
occurring and it is expected that a better channel than the
one through the old outlet of the bay will be scoured and
maintained in the future.

No material change has taken place inside the bay, but
since the opening of the new cut the sand beach east of the
new entrance has built out more than half way across the
old outlet. The temporary sand bag dam which was built
to close the old outlet and direct the current through the
new one broke down and washed away, owing to the decay
of the bags during the summer.

At the outer end of the western jetty, which is exposed
to the heaviest waves, the stones have been somewhat dis-
placed but not sufficiently to affect the permanence of the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 37

work ; but if any extension is built in the future it should
be faced with larger stones.

The total amount expended at East Bay up to Dec. 1,
1904, is $6,618.10.

West Bay, Ostervillb.

In April, 1904, a survey was made of the channel through
the West Bay at Osterville, which had been excavated in
1903 under the authority of chapter 491 of the Acts of 1902.
It was found that the channel remained substantially as
dredged except at the inner end of the jetties, where a bar
had formed nearly across the channel substantially in the
same location as it had formed in previous years ; the chan-
nel through the jetties had increased in depth somewhat,
the jetties themselves had suffered by the washing out of a
number of planks, which had been eaten off by the worms,
and by the loosening of many others. The planks which
were missing were replaced and an additional stringer bolted
on to the piles just above the low-water stringer throughout
the length of both jetties, and the planks securely spiked to
it. With these repairs it is anticipated that the timber
jetties will last for some time longer. The expense of this
work up to Dec. 1, 1904, amounts to $426.74.

The shoal which now extends nearly across the channel
just inside the jetties is caused by the high velocity of the
flood tide, due to the narrow opening between the jetties.
If the jetties were placed farther apart, so that the velocity
of the current was reduced, it would not scour out the sand
from the bottom of the channel between the jetties on the
flood tide and deposit it as it now does where the velocitj^
decreases as the water spreads out in the open bay.

The sand which is thus scoured from the bottom of the
channel between the jetties is supplied largely from the
beach to the eastward of the jetties, and is sifted through
breaks in the jetty where planks have been washed out. If
the jetty is maintained intact this source of supply is cut off
and the ebb current will tend to gradually wash away the
shoal. From examinations made this fall and the testimony
of boatmen who have used the cut it would appear that this

38 HAEBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

is already taking place, owing to the repairs which were
made last fall by replacing planks in the eastern jetty, and
which have resulted in stopping the supply of sand. It is
too early as yet to determine to what extent the ebb current
will restore the channel, but from what has already occurred
it is probable that if the jetties are kept in repair the channel
in the bay will continue to improve.

The total amount expended at West Bay up to Dec. 1,
1904, is $29,053.44.

CoTuiT Harbor.

By chapter 368 of the Acts of 1904 the Board was directed
to make a preliminary examination, and, if considered ex-
pedient, to deepen and improve the entrance channel from
Nantucket Sound into Ootuit harbor by removing rocks and
excavating a channel, or in such other manner as deemed
best, — the appropriation therefor being $5,000.

In June, 1904, a survey and examination of the harbor
were made. The channel across the bar at the entrance was
obstructed by stones and bowlders dangerous to navigation
in small boats. The limited appropriation was sufficient to
remove the obstructions from the bar, but inadequate to ex-
cavate a channel of the dimensions and depth commensurate
with the use of this harbor by yachts. On July 29, 1904,
a contract was entered into with Ruggles & Perkins to re-
move the obstructions and make a fair way about 400 feet
wide, the contract price being $11 per cubic yard. This
work was completed Oct. 3, 1904, 167 cubic yards of rook
having been removed, at a cost of $1,837.

The Board was urged to dredge a narrow channel across
the bar in addition to the removal of the rocks, but no satis-
factory arrangements could be made with the balance of
appropriation, and even if done it would be largely in the
nature of an experiment and of doubtful permanenc3\

From the survey made a considerable change appears to
have taken place in the outer channel of Cotuit harbor since
1897. This channel, which has been used for a number of
y^ars as the main entrance channel, has shoaled very mate-
rially, and at the bend near the Rushy Marsh, so called,
where it is very narrow, it has shifted a considerable dis-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 39

tance nearer the shore. The channel whence the rocks have
been removed, now being more generally used, has substan-
tially the same depth of water across the bar as the Rushy
Marsh channel and is much more direct.

The harbor of Cotuit was formerly the home port of a
considerable number of coasting vessels which wintered
there, as they no longer do because the entrance is too
shoal for the increased size of vessels. The main entrance,
which formerly was between Dead Neck and Sampson's
Island, has now been practically closed by the building out
of Dead Neck Beach. Since then the main approach was
for a time by way of the Rushy Marsh channel above de-
scribed, but now that is nearly closed, so that before long
the only remaining channel is likely to be across the wide
sand flat from which the rocks were removed the past
summer.

This fiat and the channels between it and the harbor are
exposed to all winds from south-west to south-east, which are
continually shifting the sand and tending to level the shoals
into the channels and anchorage basins.

The improvement desired is the excavation of a channel,
with a depth of 5 feet or more at low water, from the exist-
ing deep water west of Sampson's Island to the deep water
of Nantucket Sound. Such a channel if excavated would at
once begin to receive deposits from the shoals on either
side, and it in time would probably be filled in as the previ-
ous channels have been, although for a number of years it
would undoubtedly be better than the present one.

The cost of excavating such a channel would be large,
and the only way in which it could be made reasonably per-
manent would be to construct long jetties extending from
the shore on either side substantially out to the outer edge
of the shoal so as to prevent the sand from being driven
from the shoals into the channel and on the other hand to
direct the current through the excavation, thereby main-
taining it. The cost of such jetties would be more than
the benefit to be derived would ^vaiTant, and the channel
without them would probably be of but temporary value.

The total amount expended up to Dec. 1, 1904, is
$1,973.67.

40 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS- fJan,

Lake Anthony.

The construction of a harbor at this place was authorized.
by chapter 441 of the Acts of 1898, the appropriation
therefor being $5,000.

This amount was considered insufficient to carry out tiie
project in a proper manner and the Board recommended a
further appropriation. By chapter 155 of the Acts of 1899
an additional amount of $15,000 was made available, and a
channel was excavated through the beach into the lake, 100
feet in width on the bottom and 5 feet deep at mean low
water. The entrance was protected by the construction of
two stone jetties, each extending about 200 feet beyond
low-water line, the total cost of the work, including
surveys and engineering, being $19,627.13.

In 1900 additional stone was placed at the inner ends of.
the jetties, under the provisions of chapter 309 of the Acts
of that year.

In 1901 an appropriation of $5,000 was made for dredg-
ing and other necessary work, and during the sunuiier the
approach to the principal landing was dredged to 5 feet at
mean low water and moorings placed in the main portion of
the harbor, the total cost of the improvements up to Dec. 1,
1901, being $24,290.64.

In 1902 the anchorage area was increased by dredging
and the material used to cover the flats, which were consid-
ered unsanitary.

By chapter 416 of the Acts of 1904 the Board was
authomed to continue the improvement of Lake Anthony
by increasing the size and depth of the entrance and the
anchorage basin, $10,000 being appropriated therefor.

It was found upon examination that some shoaling had
taken place in the entrance channel, due to the sand being
driven through the spaces between the stones forming the
jetties and riprap, and in order to prevent a recurrence the
jetties have been made sand tight so far as possible by filling
in the spaces with cement concrete.

On July 29, 1904, a contract was entered into with John
H. Gerrish to dredge the entrance and the anchorage basin,

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 41

the contract price teing $8.50 for each full hour that the
dredging machine is actually engaged in dredging. This
work will be completed in December, 1904, and will result
in the deepening of the entrance to 7 feet at mean low water
for a ij^-idth of 75 feet through the centre, and in the ad-
dition of 1^ acres to the area of the anchorage basin
dredged substantially to 6 feet at mean low water.

The riprap along the inner end of the northerly side of
tiie entrance channel has been set back and the channel
widened, to give more room for the passage of boats.

The mooring buoys set by the Commonwealth are in good
condition. The harbor is largely used as an anchorage basin

for yachts and fishing craft, and also as a harbor of refuge.

The expenditure for the season up to Dec. 1, 1904, was

13,681.80.

The total amount expended at Lake Anthony up to Dec.

1, 1904, is $30,518.08.

Vineyard Haven Harbor.

By chapter 95 of the Resolves of 1904 the Board was
directed to examine and in its discretion to make or cause
to be made a survey and estimate of the cost, best method
and advisability of constructing a stone breakwater on the
westerly side o'f Vineyard Haven harbor, to protect the
anchorage ground used by fishing boats and other small
craft.

A survey was made of this portion of the harbor in July
and August, 1904, and on October 13 the Board inspected
the premises and gave a hearing at Vineyard Haven. The
testimony tended to show that some protection was needed
for fishing boats and yachts, but the speakers did not agree
as to the best method of furnishing it.

It was the general opinion that a breakwater should be
built in the most convenient locality. Most of the boatmen
desired to have the breakwater extend from some point in
the vicinity of Lord's wharf south-easterly toward the red
buoy near the steamboat wharf, leaving a comparatively
wide entrance at the northerly or shore end, and to build in
addition a short spur jetty extending from the land a suf-

42 HAEBOK AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan-

ficient distan(;e to stop the drift of sand along the beaeb.
A breakwater built in this location would enclose practically
the whole of the shoal ground on the westerly side of the
harbor, but being located almost wholly on the outer edge
of the flat the structure would have throughout its lengt;li
the maximum cross section, thereby making it the most
expensive protection that could be erected ; and in addition
the area inclosed would be, according to the evidence, very
much greater than required to accommodate the largest
number of boats likely to seek the harbor.

Another proposition was to start near the end of Arnoux's
wharf and extend south-easterly to a point about north-east
of the end of the steamboat wharf. The axis of a break-
water in this location would be practically at right angles to
north-easterly gales, and an area suflSciently large to accom-
modate all the boats which usually would make a harbor here
would be well protected. This breakwater could also be
built at much less than half the cost of one in the first loca-
tion because of being more nearly at right angles to the
shore, and for the reason that a lai^e part of the inner end
would be located in comparatively shoal water.

The cost of a breakwater 1,200 feet long off Arnoux's
wharf would be about $20,000. One in the location first
described, as it would be more than twice as long and of
considerably greater cross section, would be more than
double that sum.

Some testimony tended to show that a better harbor for
boats and smaller vessels could be made by opening the
entrance to the Lagoon Pond, on the easterly side of the
harbor. This pond has an area of about 296 acres, with
ample depth at mean low water, but at the present time its
entrance is crossed by a highway and bridge, and the depth
on the bar across the entrance is less than 2 feet at mean
low water.

To make the pond available as a boat harbor it would be
necessary to excavate the entrance to a depth of about 10
feet at mean low water and a width of about 300 feet, and
in addition to dredge away a considerable area of the sand
flats now lying in front of the entrance. After excavating

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 43

the entrance its banks should be riprapped with stone, and
short jetties built on each side extending into the harbor.
In order to prevent the shoal forming again it would be de-
sirable to protect the beach for a considerable distance north-
erly from the opening. The highway between Vineyard
Haven and Cottage City, destroyed by cutting through the
bea<-h, should be replaced by one crossing the lagoon at a
point higher up, say about two-thirds of the way from the
entrance to its head. By such a new hlirhway the distance
between the two villages would be practically the same
as at present. By the construction of a bridge without
a draw across the lagoon about 132 acres of its upper or
southerly end would be cut off and boats with masts would
be barred from entering it, but below the bridge would be
an area available as a harbor of about 164 acres with a depth
ranging from 5 to 20 feet at mean low water. In addition
to this the smaller boats could lie on the flats south of the
beach and west of the deep water of the main portion of the
pond-

The existing highway from Cottage City to Lagoon
Heights is already graded and paved with tar concrete ;
that portion, however, from the heights across the lagoon
would have to be laid out and constructed. From Lagoon
Pond across the hill by the Marine Hospital to the village
of Vineyard Haven a highway is already laid out and par-
tially graded. The grading and surfacing of this highway
would have to be completed. The cost of completing the
highway, dredging the entrance to Lagoon Pond and con-
structing the jetties at the entrance with protective works
along the shore of Vineyard Haven harbor to the north of
the proposed entrance, in a substantial manner, would be
not less than $70,000.

The boatmen at Vineyard Haven are pi-actically unani-
mous in their feeling that the breakwater suggested by
them is the only thing which would give them adequate
protection, together with the convenience desired in prose-
cuting their work. They argue that the anchorage in
Lagoon Pond is too far away from the business portion
of Vineyard Haven and their homes. They prefer to have

44 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

the breakwater lobated as far down the harbor as possible,
as many of them live in the northern portion of the village.
Some of them said that if any other project is to be adopted
instead of the proposed breakwater they would prefer to
have Tashmoo Pond opened, as it is nearer the fishing-
grounds than Vineyard Haven harbor and it is not a great
distance to walk across from the pond to the village, but
they prefer the breakwater to this.

The people who are mainly interested in coastwise com-
merce favor the opening of Lagoon Pond as a much better
solution of the problem than a breakwater in the open harbor,
arguing that in heavy north-easterly gales light draft vessels
dragging anchors or breaking from moorings would be in
danger of driving on to a stone breakwater where there
would be greater risk of being dashed to pieces than if simply
drifting on to the sand flats. They also argue that if the
pond is opened to navigation it would bring into the market
a large area of water front now practically cut off from access
to the sea, which would be very valuable, and that owing to
the depth and area of the pond it would be readily available
for vessels of considerable size.

The project was favorably mentioned as practicable and
not very expensive by the late Prof. Henry Mitchell in his
report to the superintendent of the United States Coast
Survey, 1869.

The protection needed at Vineyard Haven is from north-
easterly gales. In all ordinary weather a breakwater would
not be wanted. Its existence would by many be considered
a menace to safe anchorage in bad weather. There would
be danger that the growth of the sandy flat, or spit which
lies between its projected easterly end and the shore, might
be deflected into the channel, thus closing the approach to
the steamboat wharf. The needed protection could be given
by an opening into the lagoon. All small boats anchoring
in the harbor would seek shelter by running free through
the opening. According to the evidence there might be
from 25 to 100 such craft at times needing shelter. Inside
the lagoon there would ]>e anchorage also for a large number
of coasting vessels drawing not more than 15 to 18 feet.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 45

Under the circumstances and conditions existing the Board
would not consider it advisable to build the proposed break-
water, but suggests that Congress be asked to approve the
project of making an entrance into the lagoon and an ap-
propriation to cover the cost thereof.

The total amount expended by authority of chapter 95 of
the Resolves of 1904, up to Dec. 1, 1904, is $234.97.

Menamsha Inlet.

Menamsha Inlet is on Martha's Vineyard in the towns of
Guy Head and Chilmark. By chapter 323 of the Acts of
1897 the Board was directed to locate and mark the bound-
ary line between the above-named towns as established by
this act, and whenever one or more of the inhabitants of
said towns should agree, with such sureties as would be
satis&ctory to the Board, to close the existing outlet of
Menamsha Pond and to excavate a new one through the
beach on said boundary line, in a location and in a manner
to be approved or prescribed by the Board ; then this Board
was authorized and directed to build a suitable protection to
the banks on each side of the new outlet and extending into
Vineyard Sound for the purpose of fixing the location of said
outlet and there marking said boundary lines. An expendi-
ture of $2,000 was authorized.

By chapter 357 of the Acts of 1898 a further appropria-
tion of $2,000 was made for carrying out the provisions of
the act of 1897, and in 1898 two pile and timber jetties
were built to protect the banks of the inlet.

One of the jetties having received injury by a violent
storm, an additional appropriation of $5,000 was made by
chapter 133 of the Acts of 1899, and in that year the jetties
were strengthened by the placing of 2,110 tons of stone, at
a total cost of $4,916.30.

In 1900 a timber bulkhead was built across the beach to
act as a sand-catch, and about 300 tons of stone placed in
the westerly jetty, at an approximate cost of $978.95, paid
from the appropriation for the survey and improvement of
harbors under chapter 309 of the Acts of 1900.
In 1902 the westerly jetty was repaired by closing with

46 HARBOR AND LAND COMmSSIONERS. iJaii.

concrete the holes between the large stones, and in addition
a short wing wall of concrete was built, at a total cost of
$478.49.

By chapter 394 of the Acts of 1903, the improvements
already made having increased the harbor facilities, a further
appropriation of $10,000 was made for dredging the channel
between the jetties and across the flats and for building
such structures as might be necessary, the channel to be not
less than 3 feet deep at mean low water and of such w^idth
as the Board should determine. Under this authority a
channel was dredged about 1,600 feet long, 75 feet wide on
the bottom and 5 feet deep at mean low water, at a cost of
$8,250. This work was completed in October, 1903.

As a protection to the banks of the new channel about 700
tons of stone riprap were placed thereon. A timber fence
was also built along the crest of the beach. The total cost
of this additional work was $1,673.42.

In July, 1904, a survey was made of the channel which
was excavated in 1903 under the provisions of chapter 394
of the Acts of that year. It was found that the inner end of
the channel had been partially filled by material washed
down from the flats in the upper portion of the stream, and
that the steep banks left by the dredge had also been flattened
out to a certain extent, thus shoaling the channel. At the
time of the survey there was a channel with a navigable
depth of not less than 3 feet of water at mean low tide
through the entrance and two-thirds of the way toward the
upper end of the dredging.

The timber work of the jetty on the westerly side of the
entrance was very badly damaged by storms, most of the
planks having been washed away. The stonework was in
good condition but had settled so that it was practically
covered at high tide for the outer half of the jetty. The
timberwork on the easterly side was in fairly good condition.
Considerable sand washed into the channel through the stone-
work of the westerly jetty toward its upper end, but being
carried out with the ebb tide had not materially decreased the
navigable depth. The westerly jetty should be built up
with stone in order to more effectually protect the entrance.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— Xo. 11. 47

The creek has been largely used throughout the year by
fishing boats. During the heavy gale about the 1st of
September a number of fishing boats which remained out-
side the harbor over night were driven ashore on the beach,
while those which ran into the harbor were uninjured.

The total amount expended at Menamsha Inlet U]) to
Dec. 1, 1904, is $20,498.78.

Ba8s River at South Yarmouth.

By chapter 113 of the Resolves of 1901 the Board was
directed to improve the channel of Bass River, and an ap-
propriation of $22,000 was made for the purpose. On
^OT. 14, 1901, a contract was entered into with Augustus
Bellevue & Co. for the construction of two timber jetties,
one on either side of the river mouth, and for dredging a
channel between them, across the flats, to the depth of 4 feet
at mean low water. This work was completed Oct. 16, 1902,
the westerly jetty being 950 and the easterly 2,423 feet long.
The total cost of this improvement, including superintend-
ence and engineering, was $22,800.50.

By chapter 46 of the Resolves of 1 903 an appropriation
of $15,000 was made to complete the improvement of the
channel, and in that year a contract was entered into with
John H. Gerrish to excavate the same and deposit the ma-
terial on the banks back from the sides of the channel for
the sum of $6,500. The total cost of this improvement
up to Dec. 1, 1903, including surveys and repairs, was
$31,292.86.

In April, 1904, a survey was made of the channel at the
mouth of the river and it was found that it had shifted con-
siderablv from the location where it was excavated in 1903,
under the provisions of chapter 46 of the Resolves of that
year, but that the size and depth were fully equal to the
channel as excavated, except at the outer end on the bar,
where it had slightly shoaled. Just inside the angle in the
eastern jetty the channel had shoaled somewhat, so that
there was barely 3 feet at low tide.

During the summer examinations have been made from
time to time, and it appears that the channel is gradually

48 HARBOR AXD LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

being enlarged and the shoals are working out to^vrard the
sea.

During the heavy gales in September, 1904, a portion of
the sand bags placed against the outer portion of the eastern
jetty were washed out, and it was found that the bank of
sand bags which had been placed along nearly the whole
length of the outer portion of the eastern jetty had settled
and exposed the planks below the sheathing of creosoted
boards ; also that the current was scouring and deepening^
the channel alongside this jetty. In order to more thoroughly
protect it additional sand bags have been placed alongfside
and plans and specifications prepared for still fiirther pro-
tecting the jetty with stone riprap. At the inner end of the
western jetty the sea had cut into the bank to such an ex-
tent that it was necessary to protect it, and a small amount
of stone riprap was placed there.

The total cost of the work done during the year is $688.66.
The total amount expended in improving the entrance to
Bass River up to Dec. 1, 1904, is $32,045.13.

Wrecks and Obstructions.

Complaints regarding wrecks have been received by the
Board as follows : —

Two wrecks in Dorchester Bay off the southerly shore of
South Boston; one of these, on the flats just outside the
women's bath house at the foot of M Street, was removed
by the Board at an expense of $50. The other, near the
mouth of the bay between South Boston and the Calf Pas-
ture, was not removed.

Hulls of several old scows and schooners lying wholly or
partly submerged on the beach between Cunningham and
Banks wharf and Meridian Street bridge in Boston upper
harbor. Xo action taken ; not interfering with navigation.

A scow lying sunken in Boston upper harbor off Mar-
quand's wharf in East Boston. Removed by the owner
after notice from the Board.

Hull of the '« Fawn," formerly used as a powder boat, on
the beach at Apple Island in Boston harbor. Removed by
the owner after notice.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 49

Hull of the schooner "Casco" at Governor's Island
wharf, Boston harbor. No action taken; not a menace to
navigation.

Sloop ** Galena" lying sunken in the north channel of
Boston harbor, about 1,000 feet south-east of buoy No. 2.
Referred to U. S. government officers.

Dredging machine, lying sunken in Boston harbor near
buoy No. 10. Removed by the owner.

Hull of a vessel in South Bay. No action taken ; not an
obstruction to navigation.

The total amount expended from the appropriation of

11,500 made by chapter 24 of the Acts of 1904, up to Dec.

1, 1904, is $50.

Province Lands.

The general care and jurisdiction of the Province Lands
in Provincetown, comprising about 3,290 acres, was com-
mitted to this Board by the provisions of chapter 470 of the
Acts of 1893. The bounds of these lands were fixed and
marked and the territory shown on a plan annexed to the
annual report of the Board for that year. A superintendent
^wus appointed and the work of reclaiming the territory, con-
sisting of three ranges of sand hills, running north-easterly
and south-westerly, about one mile in extent each, and with
the north-westerly exposure devoid of vegetation, was com-
menced, with a view to restraining and preventing the
drifting of loose sands towards the town of Provincetown
and the harbor. The first appropriation was $2,000 and
was applied to the construction of a road to render the ter-
ritory reasonably accessible, and to the planting of Scotch
broom, poplars, willow, larch, pines, maples, oak, birch,
beech and berry bearing plants. In 1894 a further appro-
priation of $3,000 was made. In 1895 a section comprising
about 13 acres was planted with beach grass, to serve as
a sand binder. Among the beach grass willow slips were
planted, and willow trees of various kinds. Silver poplars
and young pines were placed at the foot of the slope and
parallel with the beach grass area. The appropriation in
thatyearwas $3,500. In 1896 the work was carried forward
iipon the same plan as in the previous year, the appropria-

50 HARBOR AND LAND CO^IMISSIONERS . [Jan.

•

tion also being $3,500. The road was extended about 650
feet, the total area covered since the beginning of operations
in the spring of 1895 amounting to about 29 acres.

The preceding three years determined the policy of the
Board regarding the manner of improving the dunes for the
purpose of preventing the blowing and drifting of sand.
The beach grass proved to be an excellent binder, and the
planting of shinibs and trees of the kinds found to thrive
in sand without soil and withstand exposure to the 6erce
winter winds will eventually raise windbreaks, under the
protection of which other indigenous vegetation will spring
up, and again the region will become covered with plant
life. The growi;h must continue under peculiar hardships,
for the heavy winter winds, usually from the north-east or
north-west, blow with great velocity and often terrific force,
with which the loose sand drifts like snow and vegetation
has a hard chance for life. Gale velocities of 50 to 60 miles
an hour are not infrequent, and sometimes rise as high bs
72 miles an hour.

Notwithstanding the difficulties to be overcome no doubt
remains as to effecting such reclamation of the sand barrens
as may ultimate in the reforestation of a large section and
entire protection from the dangers threatening the town and
the harbor from the sands of the public domain.

Appropriations were continued from year to year, until
in 1899 the sum of $10,000 was appropriated, to bo spread
over a term of three years ; again in 1902 the Legislature
sanctioned further improvement by another appropriation
of $10,000 for continuing the work, which will be exhausted
in June, 1905.

During the period of ten years covered by these appro-
priations 240 acres have been planted with beach grass, and
within that area large tracts have been overspread with
shrubs and trees of the kinds best adapted to thrive in this
exposed situation. In the past season alone about 12,000
young pines, taken from the nursery and the adjacent woods,
and about 30,000 European alders, in addition to bayberry
and other bushes, have been set out.

About 75 acres of barren sand dunes remain to be pro-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 51

tected. Among them are included the balance of the centre
range and many small sections scattered throughout the
reservation y which need attention before becoming enlarged
into extensiye areas.

It is estimated that another appropiiation of $10,000 will
be sufficient to reclaim the whole extent of the sand liarrens
belonging to the Commonwealth and put the same into con-
dition to be held intact with a small annual outlay.

The road across by Nigger Head to Race Point life-saving

station, 10,200 feet in length, was built at an expense of

$3,450, or a little less than 34 cents a running foot, and

with small annual repairs may be made to last indefinitely.

It has been thought advisable to permit parties who spent

money in making cranberry bogs on the lands to cultivate

and pick the same upon payment of a small annual license

fee of one dollar an acre. Under this arrangement during

the two years last past the sum of $268.56 has been paid

into the State treasury, while the cultivation of the bogs

under the supervision of the superintendent has been carried

on without injury to the adjoining vegetation. This small

income may be slightly increased as time goes on.

The report * of the superintendent of these lands may be
found in the appendix.

The total expenditure on these lands up to Dec. 1, 1904,
is $35,217.20.

State Boundaries.

Under the provisions of section 4 of chapter 1 of the
Revised Laws it becomes the duty of the Board in the year
1905 to examine and inspect all the monuments or other
marks defining the location of the boundary lines of the
Commonwealth.

The boundaries between Massachusetts and the States of
New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Rhode Island
luive recently been thoroughly gone over and permanent
monuments set up, but the line between Massachusetts and
Connecticut is insufficiently marked. This line was exam-
ined by the Commission on the Topographical Survey and

* See Appendix B.

52 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Map of Massachusetts in 1898, under the provisions of
chapter 39 of the Resolves of that year, and it was found to
be very unsatisfactory. In many towns the line liad not
been perambulated for several years. The portion east of
the Connecticut River was surveyed and bounds established
by commissioners in 1828, and the portion west of the river
was marked in 1803, It was estimated that in 181>8 there
were about 130 bounds lacking, and about 45 old bounds
then on the line which required resetting. The total cost
of resurveying and setting new monuments on the line was
then estimated at $14,000. The work of properly defining
the line still remains to be done. The State of Connecticut
should be invited to co-operate, and share the expense. It
is estimated that the cost of inspecting and making minor
repairs to the monuments marking the lines other than the
Connecticut line will be about $1,500.

Town Boundary Survey.

The work of determining tlje location of town boundaries
has continued with the same organization as for the past few
years. From the first of April, 1904, to the last of Novem-
ber, two field parties were employed. During the remainder
of the year the heads of these parties have plotted the results
of their field work in preparation for the next season.

One of the field parties has made the necessary surveys
and brought up to date the information required in the towns
within Barnstable and Dukes counties, together with a few
local surveys in portions of Norfolk and Essex counties.

Another party has been engaged in extending the trian-
gulation for a group of towns lying north and west of
Worcester, making local surveys and acquiring necessary
information in relation to the adjoining towns at the
east.

Surveys have been made over fifty miles of streams and
shore lines of ponds, and the location of 103 bounds marking
town lines has been determined by triangulation. In the
prosecution of the work a number of the boundary lines were
found to be very crooked, and in certain cases the town
officers expressed a wish that they might be straightened, con-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 53

sequently during the year, after consultation with the town
authorities, the Board submitted to 14 different cities and
towns for their concurrence plans for changing and straight-
ening portions of the boundary lines between them. They
are as follows : Boylston, West Boylston, Berlin, Clinton,
Lancaster, Sterling, Marlborough, Hudson, Northborough,
Stow, Shrewsbury, Leominster, Lynnfield and Reading.
If action in relation to the proposed changes is favorable,
the proposals will be submitted to the Legislature in accord-
ance with the provisions of section 7 of chapter 25 of the
Revised Laws.

In the new boundary lines established by the Legislature
of 1904, stakes were set at the corners by the engineers of
the Board, and later the necessary stone monuments for
permanently marking the bounds were set by the town
authorities.

The office force has continued the work of calculating
from the . notes of the field parties the positions of town
corners, making abstracts from statutes relating to the estab-
lishment of town boundaries and preparing the results of
the survey for permanent record. Examinations of the early
court records have not progressed as rapidly as during the
previous year, owing to the time devoted to the preparation
of indices to the note books.

Three new atlases, describing the boundary lines of the
2rt cities and towns following, viz,, Belmont, Burlington,
Cambridge, Lexington, Somerville, Waltham, Watertown,
Acton, Bedford, Concord, Lincoln, Maynard, Sudbury,
Wayland, Weston, Acushnet, Berkley, Dai-tmouth, Dighton,
Fairhaven, Fall River, Freetown, New Bedford, Somerset,
Swansea and Westport, have been distributed during the
year. Another atlas, describing the boundaries of 11 cities
and towns, viz., Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Medfield,
Needham, Newton, Norwood, Sharon, Walpole, Wellesley
and Westwood, is nearly ready for delivery. Still another
atlas, describing the boundaries of 11 other towns, viz., Ash-
land, Bellingham, Framingham, Franklin, HoUiston, Med-
waj, Millis, Natick, Norfolk, Sherborn and Wrentham, is
in course of preparation.

54 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

On the first of December, 1904, atlases covering the
boundaries of 99 cities and towns out of a total of 353 in the
Conunon wealth had been completed and distributed, as pro-
vided by statute, and an atlas containing 11 additional ones
was in the hands of the printer.

In the preparation of the atlases some few changes have
been made by which the cost has been slightly reduced.

Sale and Disposition of Massachusetts Atlas Shejbts

AND Town Boundary Atlases.

There has been paid into the treasury of the Common-
wealth during the year, under authority of chapter 57 of the
Resolves of 1890 and chapter 360 of the Acts of 1900, the
sum of $226.70, received from the sale of Massachusetts
atlas sheets and town boundary atlases. Under chapter 360
of the Acts of 1900 two hundred and twelve town boundary
atlases have been distributed among the officers of the
various cities and towns and others. Under chapter 95 of
the Resolves of 1891 one topographical atlas was given to
Mount Holyoke College.

Inspections made during the Year.

The following inspections have been made by the Board
and under its direction : —

Jan. 18. Sites suggested for location of new drawbridge over

Taunton Great River authorized by chapter 462

of the Acts of 1903.
Mar. 10. East Bay at Osterville ; jetties and chanuel at Bass

River, South Yarmouth.
Mar. 29-3 1 . Cotuit ; Osterville ; Hyannis ; Bass River, Soutb

Yarmouth ; Witchmere ; Harwichport ; Red River

and Stage harbor, Chatham, — in company with

legislative committee.
Apr. 18-20. East Bay at Osterville; jetties and channel at Bass

River, South Yarmouth.
Apr. 27-28. Jetties at East Bay, Osterville.
May 4-9. Jetties and channel at Bass River, South Yarmouth ;

East and West bays, Ostei'ville.
May 10. Work in progress at Bass River, Beverly.

1JM)5.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Mo. 11.

May

Jane

16
4

Jane

June

Jane

3ane

23.

June

24.

JoDe

24-25.

June

29.

July

11.

July
July

12.

25.

July 29.

Joly SO-^1.

Aog. 22-24.

Aug. 27.
Aug. '29.

Aag. SO.
Sept. 1 .

Sept. 2-3.

Work in progress on the Commonwealth flats at

South Boston, — in company with legislative

committee.
Work in progress at Bass River, Beverly.
Site of alleged dumping in Nantucket harbor.
Premises of Marblehead Transportation Company

in Marblehead, relative to floats of said company.
Work in progress at Bass River, Beverly.
Premises of the Sylvester Company on Waters

River, in Danvers, relative to proposed structure ;

work in pn^ress at Bass River, Beverly ; dump-
ing ground at Hardy's Rocks, Salem harbor.
Jetties and channel at Green Harbor, Marshfield.
Wharf under construction at Squantum, without

license therefor.
Work in pn^ress on survey of entrance to Cotuit

harbor ; East Bay, Osterville.
Work in progress at Bass River, Beverly.
Work done by the Commonwealth on the Province

Lands in Provincetown.
Protective work in progress, under the direction of

the Board, at Hadley, and dike at Hatfield, on

the Connecticut River.
Sea wall built by the Commonwealth at Stony

Beach, Hull.
Protective work in progress at Hatfield ; also bank

of the Connecticut River at Hadley.
Site of proposed work at Stage harbor, Chatham.
Town boundary survey work at Bass River, Yar-
mouth, and jetties and channel at mouth of the

river.
Work in progress at the entrance to Cotuit harbor ;

jetties at East Bay, Osterville.
Work in prepress at Bass River, Beverly.
Weir River, in Hull, relative to alleged dumping of

material.
Davis Neck at Bay View, Gloucester.
Boston harbor frontage from Rowes wharf to Lewis

wharf, relative to alleged dumping of material.
Town boundary survey work at Harwich; jetties

and channel at Bass River, South Yarmouth.

56 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

1904.

Sept. 8-10. Protective work on Connecticut River at Hatfield

and Hadley; town boundaiy survey -work at
Rutland.

Sept. 13. Frontage on Fort Point channel below Oougress

Street bridge, relative to structure erected beyond
the harbor line.

Sept. 20-22. Work in progress at Lake Anthony, Cottage City ;

work done under the direction of the Board at
Menamsha Inlet.

Sept. 27-28. Work in progress at the entrance to Cotuit harbor;

jetties at East Bay, Osterville.

Sept. 30. Bank of Merrimac River along the Haverhill front-
age and location of line limiting structures.

Oct. 8. Work in progress at Lake Anthony, Cottage City;

Vineyard Haven harbor ; town boundary survey
work at West Tisbury.

Oct. 6. Jetties and channel at Bass River, South Yarmouth.

Oct. 10. Wharves and terminal facilities in Boston harbor.

Oct. 13-14. Vineyard Haven harbor, relative to proposed break-
water.

Oct. 14. Work done by the Commonwealth at Lake Anthony,

Cottage City.

Oct. 15. Protective work on Connecticut River bank at

Hadley.

Oct. 22. East and West bays, Osterville.

Oct. 24. Site of proposed work at Red River, Chatham.

Oct. 25. Site of alleged removal of material at Davis Beach,

Nahant.

«
Licenses granted during the Year.

N08.

2809. Petition of the city of Boston for license to dump snow and

ice into tide water. Granted Dec. 1, 1903.

2810. Petition of Peter T. Fallon and others for license to build

a sea wall and fill solid on Town River, in Quincy.
Granted Dec. 23, 1903.

2811. Petition of the town of Dartmouth for license to widen the

causeway across Apponagansett River, in Dartmouth.
Granted Jan. 5, 1904.

2812. Petition of Emma Alexanderson for license to build a bulk-

head and other structures, and to dredge a channel, on
Weymouth Fore River, in Weymouth. Granted Jan. 6,
1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 57

Nofl.

2813. Petition of the Boston & Maine Railroad for license to

widen its pile platform on the south channel of Mystic
River, at Mystic wharf, in Boston. Granted Jan. 19,
1904,

2814. Petition of the city of Northampton for license to extend a

sewer into Connecticut River, in Northampton. Granted
Jan. 26, 1904.

2815. Petition of James N. Thompson, trustee, for license to

drive piles at his wharf on South Bay, in Boston.
Gmnted Feb. 15, 1904.

2816. Petition of Alice B. Bond for license to build a wharf,

partly solid and partly on piles, in Lewis Bay at Hyannis,
in the town of Barnstable. Granted Feb. 15, 1904.

2817. Petition of William B. Stearns for license to build bulk-

beads and marine railway, and to fill solid, in Little
harbor, in Marblehead. Granted Feb. 18, 1904.

2818. Petition of the town of Westport for license to reconstruct

the bridge across the Acoaksett River at Westport Point,
in the town of Westport. Granted Feb. 24, 1904.

2819. Petition of the Rockport Granite Company of Massachusetts

for license to maintain a pier and to extend the same
in Hodgkins Cove, in Gloucester. Granted Feb. 24,
1904.

2820. Petition of the town of Northfield for approval of plans for

building a highway bridge across Connecticut River,
under authority of chapter 530 of the Acts of 1901.
Granted Feb. 29, 1904.

2821. Petition of Charles Albion Clark and others for license to

build a sea wall and fill solid on South River, in Salem.
Granted March 1, 1904.

2822. Petition of the Massachusetts Highway Commission for

approval of plans for building a State highway in and
over tide water between Saugus River and Commercial
Street, in Lynn, under authority of Chapter 384 of the
Acts of 1903. Granted March 10, 1904.

2823. Petition of the Nantasket Beach Steamboat Company for

license to extend its wharf, on piles, in Hingham Bay at
Crow Point, in Hinghaui. Granted March 10, 1904.

2824. Petition of the Wollaston Yacht Club for license to build a

pile wharf, drive piles for the support of a club house,
and locate and maintain two floats in Quincy Bay, in
Quincy. Granted March 14, 1904.

58 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

2825. Petition of the County CommiBBioners of Plymouth Coontj

for approval of planB for building a bridge over ^orth
River, between Hanover and Pembroke, under authorily
of chapter 441 of the Acts of 1903. Granted March 16,
1904.

2826. Petition of the Winthrop Yacht Club for license to build a

pile structure in Crystal Cove, in Winthrop. Granted
March 21, 1904.

2827. Petition of the Edison Electric * Illuminating Company of

Boston for license to drive piles in its wharf in Boston
harbor near the Resei*ved channel at South Boston, and
to dredge. Granted March 22, 1904.

2828. Petition of the Beverly Gas and Electric Company for

license to build a bulkhead and pile wharf, and to fill
solid, on Bass River, in Beverly. Granted April 5,
1904.

2829. Petition of the Nantasket Beach Steamboat Company for

' license to drive piles in Plymouth harbor, at Long Wharf,
in Plymouth. Granted April 18, 1904.

2830. Petition of H. Frances Dunning, for license to drive piles,

build a bulkhead and fill solid on Mystic River, in
Somerville. Granted April 18, 1904.

2831. Petition of the National Dock and Warehouse Company

for license to build a sea wall and pile platform, and to
fill solid a portion of its dock, in Boston harbor, at East
Boston. Granted April 21, 1904.

2832. Petition of the city of Salem for license to rebuild the

bridge at North Street across North River, in Salem.
Granted April 25, 1904.

2833. Petition of Anna R. Pope for license to maintain a drain

pipe in Massachusetts Bay, in Cohasset. Granted April

25, 1904.

2834. Petition of Bessie Goldberg for license to drive piles for

the support of a building on South River, in Salem.
Granted April 25, 1904.

2835. Petition of J. E. Lewis & Co. for license to extend a wharf,

on piles, on Chelsea Creek, in Chelsea. Granted April

26, 1904.

2836. Petition of Freeman M. Crosby for license to build a pile

wharf on Centreville River, in Barnstable. Granted
April 26, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 59

2837. Petition of the Board of Railroad Commissioners, the Board

of Harbor and Land Commissioners and the County Com-
missioners of Bristol County, constituted a joint board
by chapter 462 of the Acts of 1908, for approval of plans
for building a new drawbridge across Taunton Great
River, between Fall River and Somerset. Granted May
2, 1904.

2838. Petition of the city of Boston for approval of plans for the

construction and maintenance of a water pipe box and a
tunnel for a water pipe across Fort Point channel, near
Congress Street bridge, under authority of chapter 278
of the Acts of 1904. Granted May 9, 1904.

2839. Petition of the American Printing Company for license

to build a wharf, construct a sea wall and fill solid
on Taunton River, in Fall River. Granted May 10,
1904.

2840. Petition of Charles A. King for license to maintain a wharf

as now built and to extend the same in Mattapoisett
harbor, in Mattapoisett. Granted May 12, 1904.

2841. Petition of William Siaunwhit for license to build and main-

tain a temporary pier and floats in Hingham Bay, at
Hough's Neck, in Quincy. Granted May 12, 1904.

2842. Petition of the Quincy Yacht Club for license to extend

and widen its club house, on piles, in Hingham Bay, at
Hough's Neck, in Quincy. Granted May 12, 1904.

2843. Petition of Arthur M. Phillips for license to extend a pier,

on piles, and locate and maintain a float stage, in Onset
Bay, in Wareham. Granted May 12, 1904.

2844. Petition of Florence O. Shepard for license to build and

maintain a solid filled wharf and a float in Marion harbor,
in Marion. Granted May 17, 1904.

2845. Petition of Daniel H. Flanders for license to build a pile

wharf on Meuamsha Creek, in Gay Head. Granted
May 17, 1904.

2846. Petition of Charles L. GiflPord for approval of plans for

building a bridge across the mouth of Santuit River in
Barnstable, under authority of chapter 218 of the Acts
of 1904. Granted May 17, 1904.
2846a. Petition of Charles L. Gifford for license to fill solid in
Popponesset Bay, in Mashpee and Sandwich. Granted
May 17, 1904.

60 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Kofl.

2847. Petition of the Windermere Association for license to build

and maintain a pile pier and floats in Hull Bay, in Hull.
Granted May 20, 1904.

2848. Petition of the Chadwick-Boston Lead Company for license

to fill solid on Forrest River, in Salem. Granted 'M.&y
20, 1904.

2849. Petition of the New Bedford Gas and Edison Light Com-

pany for license to build a solid filled wharf on Acushnet
River, in New Bedford. Granted May 20, 1904.

2850. Petition of the Old Colony Yacht Club for license to build

and maintain pile structures and to locate and maintain
floats in Dorchester Bay, at Savin Hill, in the city of
Boston. Granted May 24, 1904.

2851. Petition of George B. Wilbur for license to build a marine

railway in Woods Hole Great harbor, at Woods Hole, in
Falmouth. Granted June 1, 1904.

2852. Petition of the Plymouth Cordage Company for license fo

extend its wharf, on piles, to drive additional piles and
construct four pile dolphins, in Plymouth harbor, in
Plymouth. Granted June 7, 1904.

2853. Petition of Cannon & Hasty for license to build a pile and

timber landing in Lake Quinsigamond, in Worcester.
Granted June 7, 1904.

2854. Petition of the United Shoe Machinery Company for license

to build a bulkhead and pile wharf, and to fill solid, on
Bass River, in Beverly. Granted June 7, 1904.

2855. Petition of the County Commissioners of Essex County for

approval of plans for rebuilding the highway bridge
across Bass River, at Bridge Street, in Beverly, under
authority of chapter 341 of the Acts of 1903. Granted
June 9, 1904.

2856. Petition of the city of Cambridge for license to build a tem-

porary boat landing in Charles River basin, westerly
^ of and near Harvard bridge, in Cambridge. Granted

June 9, 1904.

2857. Petition of the Marblehead Associates for license to build

and maintain a stone and timber pier and a float in
Marblehead harbor, in Marblehead. Granted June 14,
1904.

2858. Petition of the Beverly Gas and Electric Company for

license to build a bulkhead and fill solid, on Bass River,
in Beverly. Granted June 20, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 61

2859. Petition of J. F. Pope & Son for license to build bulkheads

&nd pile wharves, and to fill solid, on Bass River, in
Beverly. Granted June 20, 1904.

2860. Petition of John A. Dedcovich for license to build a sea

wall and fill solid, in Gloucester harbor, at Smith's Cove,
in Gloucester. Granted June 20, 1904.

2861. Petition of the Tamers Falls Lumber Company for license

to hang and maintain two booms in Connecticut River, in
Gill and Montague. Granted June 20, 1904.

2862. Petition of Bessie Goldberg for license to drive piles for

the support of a building on South River, in Salem.
Granted June 22, 1904.
2^63. Petition of the Metropolitan Park Commission for license
to build a sea wall and timber groyne, and fill solid, in
Massachusetts Bay, at Red Rock, in Lynn. Granted
June 23, 1904.

2864. Petition of the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board

for approval of plans for driving piles in the wharf at
Deer Island, in Boston harbor, and building a pile struc-
ture in connection with said wharf, under authority of
chapter 439 of the Acts of 1889. Granted July 5, 1904.

2865. Petition of the town of Manchester for license to locate and

maintain a float for landing purposes in Manchester har-
bor, in Manchester. Granted July 5, 1904.

2866. Petition of the Edison £lectric Illuminating Company of

Boston for approval of plans for laying two submarine
cables across the draw ways in Charlestown bridge, in
Boston, under authority of chapter 249 of the Acts of
1898. Granted July 7, 1904.

2867. Petition of the Sylvester Company for license to build a

pile wharf, bulkhead and crib work, and to fill solid, on
Waters River, in Dan vers. Granted July 8, 1904.

2868. Petition of the Lynn Gas and Electric Company for license

to build a sea wall and bulkhead, and fill solid, in Lynn
harbor, in Lynn. Granted July 8, 1904.

2869. Petition of the city of Boston for approval of plans for

building a highway bridge across Fort Point channel, in
Boston, being a part of Northern Avenue as laid out by
chapter 381 of the Acts of 1908. Granted July 18, 1904.
^^10. Petition of Sarah E. Newhall and others for license to build
a bulkhead and pile platform, and to fill solid, in Lynn
harbor, in Lynn. Granted July 18, 1904.

62 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Not.

2871. Petition of the Boston <& Albany Railroad, the New Tork

Central & Hudson River Railroad Company, lessee, for
license to reconstruct its pier No. 3, in Boston harbor, at
East Boston. Granted July 27, 1904.

2872. Petition of the Old Colony Street Railway Company for

license to build a pile dolphin and pile structure leading
thereto, in Weymouth Fore River, at Quincy Point, in
Quincy. Granted July 27, 1904.

2873. Petition of the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board for

approval of plans for placing riprap at the siphon struc-
ture across Maiden River, in Everett and Medford, under
authority of chapter 439 of the Acts of 1889. Granted
July 27, 1904.

2874. Petition of the Plymouth Cordage Company for license to

build a sea wall and fill solid, in Plymouth harbor, in
Plymouth. Granted July 28, 1904.

2875. Petition of Levi L. H. Taylor for license to build a solid

filled wharf on Merrimac River, in Haverhill. Granted
July 29, 1904.

2876. Petition of the Beachcomber Club for license to locate and

maintain a float in Marblehead harbor, in Marblehead.
Granted Aug. 2, 1904.

2877. Petition of the Tudor Company for license to rebuild a

portion of Tudor wharf on piles, on Charles River, in
Boston. Granted Sept. 22, 1904.

2878. Petition of Marian C. Upton for license to build and main-

tain a pier and float in Marblehead harbor, in Marblehead.
Granted Sept. 26, 1904.

2879. Petition of the United States for license to dredge and lay

a water pipe in Boston harbor, from Nut Island to Ped*
docks Island. Granted Oct. 5, 1904.

2880. Petition of the Metropolitan Steamship Company for license

to build a sea wall and pile platform, and to dredge, in
Boston harbor, at Union wharf, in Boston. Granted
Oct. 5, 1904.

2881. Petition of William M. Butler for license to build an addi-

tion to his wharf in Edgartown harbor, in Edgartown*
Granted Oct. 5, 1904.

2882. Petition of the Horse Neck Beach Street Railway Company

for license to widen its wharf in Westport harbor, at
Westport Point, in the town of Westport. Granted
Oct. 6, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 63

2883. Petition of the Boston & Maine Railroad for approval of

plans for rebuilding ttie bridge known as the Boston &
Lowell freight bridge, on piles, across Charles River in
Boston and Cambridge, under authority of chapter 465
of the Acts of 1903. Granted Oct. 7, 1904.

2884. Petition of Allen P. Eagleston and Edward L. Eagleston

for license to build a pile pier in Vineyard Haven harbor,
in Tisbury. Granted Oct. 11, 1904.

2885. Petition of Albert E. Angier for license to build and main-

tain a solid filled wharf and a float in Marion harbor, in
Marion. Granted Oct. 11, 1904.

2886. Petition of the Boston & Maine Railroad for license to re-

build its pile platform on Mystic River, at Mystic wharf,
in Boston. Granted Oct. 11, 1904.

2887. Petition of the County Commissioners of Hampden County

for approval of plans for building a bridge over Con-
necticut River, between Chicopee and West Springfield,
under authority of chapter 898 of the Acts of 1904.
Granted Oct. 11, 1904.

2888. Petition of the Murray & Tregurtha Company for license

to build a bulkhead and launching ways, and to fill solid,
in Boston harbor, near the Reserved channel, at South
Boston. Granted Oct. 21, 1904.

2889. Petition of the Cambridge Bridge Commission for approval

of plans for building a highway bridge across Charles
River between Boston and Cambridge, to be known as
Brookiine Street bridge, under authority of chapter 391
of the Acts of 1904. Granted Oct. 21, 1904.

2890. Petition of Cunningham and Thompson for license to ex-

tend their wharf, on piles, in Gloucester harbor, in
Gloucester. Granted Oct. 21, 1904.

2891. Petition of the Boston & Albany Railroad, the New York

Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, lessee,
for license to rebuild its bridge, on piles, on its Grand
Junction branch, across Charles River, in Boston and
Cambridge. Granted Oct. 27, 1904.

2892. Petition of Nellie B. Cumner for license to lay and main-

tain a drain pipe in Massachusetts Bay, in Cohasset.
Granted Oct. 28, 1904.

2893. Petition of Mary A. Dubois for license to build a solid filled

pier in Mount Hope Bay, in Fall River. Granted
Oct. 28, 1904.

64 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONTEES . [Jan.

Noi.

2894. Petition of the Maiden and Melrose Gas Light Company to
lay and maintain a 24-ineh cast iron gas pipe under
Maiden River, in Maiden. Granted Nov. 1, 1904.

2896. Petition of Arthur W. Peterson for license to build and
maintain an ice run in Vaughan's Pond in Carver.
Granted Nov. 8, 1904.

2896. Petition of the city of Haverhill for license to construct a

sewer outlet in Merrimac River, in Haverhill. Granted
Nov. 14, 1904.

2897. Petition of Florence W. Fish and Josephine W. Fish for

license to build and maintain a pile wharf in Little har-
bor, at Woods Hole, in the town of Falmouth. Gi*anted
Nov. 14, 1904.

2898. Petition of the city of Boston for license to dump snow

and ice into tide waters. Granted Nov. 15, 1904.

2899. Petition of the Boston Elevated Railway Company for

license to dump snow and ice into tide waters. Granted
Nov. 17, 1904.

2900. Petition of the Union Freight Railroad Company for license

to dump snow and ice into Charles River, in Boston.
Granted Nov. 17, 1904.

2901. Petition of the city of Gloucester for license to build and

maintain a pipe way for water and gas mains, also con-
duits for electric wires, across the canal near Cut bridge,
in Gloucester. Granted Nov. 18, 1904.

2902. Petition of the Beverly Gas and Electric Company for

license to construct a pipe way for a gas main and con-
duits for electric wires across Bass River, at Bridge
Street, in Beverly. Granted Nov. 18, 1904.

2903. Petition of the city of Boston for license to extend its

wharf, on piles, in jioston harbor, on the northwesterly
side of Long Island. Granted Nov. 18, 1904.

2904. Petition of the Old Colony Railroad, the New York, New

Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, lessee, for license
to extend the abutments and fill solid back of the same
at its bridge across Jones River, in Kingston. Granted
Nov. 22, 1904.

2905. Petition of Joshua Crane for license to build and maintain

a pile wharf, marine railway and float stage in Pocasset
harbor, at Cataumet, in the town of Bourne. Granted
Nov. 22, 1904.

2906. Petition of Bessie Goldberg for license to build a pile struc-

ture on South River, in Salem. Granted Nov. 22, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 65

Petitions denied and withdrawn.

On April 7, 1904, the Old Colony Street Bail way Com-
pany, petitioner for a deed of tide water land of the Com-
monwealth in Mount Hope Bay, Fall River, covered by
license No. 2773, was given leave to withdraw, it appearing
from an opinion of the Attorney-General, to whom the
matter was referred, that this Board is not authorized to
convey to said company the land in question.

On April 28, 1904, the Okahahwis Canoe Club, petitioner
for license to build and maintain a pier and float in Salem
harbor, was given leave to withdraw, at its request.

On May 16, 1904, the Boston Yacht Club, petitioner for
license to locate and maintain floats in Marblehead harbor
adjoining its wharf, was given leave to withdraw, as it ap-
peared that the proposed location of these floats would be
an interference with general navigation in that portion of
the harbor.

On May 18, 1904, the petition of the superintendent of
streets of Boston for license to build structures in Charles
River basin was dismissed, the Board being of opinion that
the passage of the Charles River dam act, St. 1903, chapter
465, rendered it unnecessary to issue a license for the pro-
posed work.

On May 25, 1904, the petition of Cannon & Hastey for
license to build and maintain a boat landing in Lake Quin-
sigamond, in Worcester, was dismissed, it appearing that
the petitioners were not owners of the land in front of which
the structure was to be built.

On June 8, 1904, the trustees of the New England Real
Estate Trust, petitioners for license to build a bulkhead and
fill solid in Boston harbor at South Boston, were given leave
to withdraw the petition, at their request.

On Sept. 6, 1904, parties who had previously requested
the Board to recall license No. 2867, authorizing the build-
ing of a structure on "Waters River, in Danvers, and to re-
open the hearing, were notified of the adverse decision of
the Board, based upon an opinion of the Attorney-General,
stating that this commission lacked authority to revoke or
fecall the license in question.

66 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

On Sept. 14, 1904, George N. Talbot and others, peti-
tioners for modification of a structure built in Phlnney JBay
in the town of Barnstable, under license from the Soajrd,
were given leave to withdraw the petition, at their request.

On Nov. 28, 1904, the East Boston Company, petitioner
for license to rebuild and extend a wharf in Boston Iiarbor
at East Boston, was given leave to withdraw the petition,
at its request.

Miscellaneous Permits granted during the Year.

Isaac Blair & Co., to dump snow from Dover Street bridge into

tide water, in Boston. Granted Jan. 13, 1904.
Union Freight Railroad Company, to dump snow from Cra/g/e

bridge into Charles River, in Boston. Granted Feb. 4, 1904.
Fred E. Ellis, to dredge material from Lynn harbor. Grranted

Feb. 12, 1904.
Proctor & Drummey, to dump snow from Dover Street bridge

into tide water, in Boston. Granted Feb. 18, 1904.
Charles Duncan, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at Soath

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted Feb. 29, 1904.
Frank J. Hannon, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Gi-anted Feb. 29, 1904.
Joseph L. Boardman, to remove gravel from Salter's beach, in

Plymouth. Granted March 10, 1904.
Jeremiah P. O'Riorden, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at

South Boston material taken from excavations in the city of

Boston. Granted March 15, 1904.
Harry E. Converse, to dump material dredged near his wharf in

Marion harbor on an area located southerly of Charles Neck

Point and lying between said point and the buoy on " The

Bow Bells." Granted March 29, 1904.
James F. Dooley, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at Soath

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted March 29, 1904.
Trustees of the Main Street Land Trust, to dredge material

* from their flats in Charles River, on the Cambridge side of

the channel, near Cambridge bridge. Granted March 81,

1904.
WoLLASTON Yacht Club, to remove portion of shoal at the outer

end of its wharf, in Quincy Bay. Granted April 5, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 67

Ou> Coix>NT Street Ra^ilwat Company, to dredge in Weymouth
Fore River, near Quincy Point, in Qaincy. Granted April 6,
1904.
Harries & LiEttenet Co., to dump material dredged from near
WollastOD beach on the shore between Moon Island and
Squantam and along the easterly shore of Squantum.
Granted April 8, 1904.
Bay Stat£ Dredging Company, to dump material dredged from
Dorchester Bay near Savin Hill and Commercial Point, on
flats of the Bay State Gas Company at the outer end of the
Calf Pasture. Granted April 8, 1904.
Nantaskxt Beach Steamboat Company, to remove accumulations
of material from the basin around Long wharf, in Plymouth
harbor. Granted April 13, 1904.
New England Telephone and Telegraph Company op Massa-
chusetts, to set and maintain one pole in Anchor Street, on
the Commonwealth flats at South Boston. Granted May 5,
1904.
Squantum Yacht Club, to dredge a basin off the outer end of its

wharf, in Quincy Bay. Granted May 5, 1904.
Boston Harbor Steamboat Company, to remove accumulations of
material in the channel leading from Weir River to its wharf
in Hull. Granted May 23, 1904.
Town of Hull, to take materia] from the beach easterly of Beach
Avenue and near its junction with B Street, for the pur-
pose of building a portion of said avenue. Granted May 24,
1904.
Cnr OF Beverly, to lower the water pipe laid across Bass River

at Bass River bridge, in Beverly. Granted June 27, 1904.
Milton da Costa, to use and occupy Quarantine Rock, in Boston

harbor. Granted July 8, 1904.
Jaxks Fieldek, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South
Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.
Granted July 18, 1904.
^antasket Beach Steamboat Company, to remove accumulations
of sand in the berths and around Pemberton pier, iu Hull.
Granted July 22, 1904.
Boston & Maine Railroad, to build a temporary structure over
Charles River, connecting the draw piers of the bridges on
itsFitchburg division. Granted July 28, 1904.
William Bakrett, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South
Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.
Granted July 29, 1904.

68 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

Boston & Maine Railroad, to publish notice, in the name of the

Board, of the closing of Millers River to the pa.ssag'^ of

vessels through the draw in its Western division bridge, for

the purpose of making repairs to said bridge. Gra.nted

Aug. 12, 1904.
Thomas Butler & Co., to use a berth in the channel or depress/on

easterly of the Commonwealth pier, at South Boston, for the

purpose of mooring the ship ** Hotspur." Granted A.ug. 24^

1904.
John T. Scully, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in^the city of Boston.

Granted Sept. 19, 1904.
City of Boston, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material excavated from A Street, South Boston.

Granted Oct. 12, 1904.
James F. Nyhan, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations. in the city of Boston.

Granted Oct. 12, 1904.
Coleman Brothers, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted Oct. 13, 1904.
Patrick Hughes, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted Oct. 21, 1904.
Thomas White, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted Oct. 21, 1904.
James P. McSorley, to dump on the Commonwealth flats at South

Boston material taken from excavations in the city of Boston.

Granted Oct. 25, 1904.
Hutchinson Lumber Company, to dredge a channel and dock on

its land and flats in Lynn harbor. Granted Oct. 28, 1904.
Metropolitan Park Commissioners, to excavate material from

Mystic River, in Medford and Somerville. Granted Nov. 1,

1904.

Work of the United States in Rivers and Harbors

OF the Commonwealth.

The Board is indebted to Col. W. S. Stanton, Corps of
Engineers, U. S. A., who is in charge of river and harbor
improvements in eastern Massachusetts, and Lieut.-Col. J.
H. Willard, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., who is in charge

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 69

of similar "work in southern Massachusetts, for the following
statements, which show the work accomplished in the rivers
and harbors of this 'Commonwealth during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1904 : —

STATE3ftEl<T OF COL. W. S. StANTON, CoRPS OP ENGINEERS, U. S. A.

Boston, Mass. , Deo. 9, 1904.
Hearbor and Land Commissioners, Commonwealth of MassofihuseUs^

State House^ Boston, Mass,

Sirs: — In accordance with your request of Nov. 17, 1904, I
have the booor to furnish the following summary of work done by
the United States during the fiscal year that closed June 30, 1904,
in the rivers and harbors in Massachusetts under my charge.

Merrimae River.

Under a contract for dredging the channel 7 feet deep at mean

low water and 150 feet wide through all shoals below Haverhill,

12,567 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, clay and bowlders were

dredged from the section above Rocks bridge, and 4,862 cubic

yards from the section below that bridge, obtaining a channel 150

feet wide up to the highway bridge at Haverhill, except at a shoal

about 3,000 feet above Rocks bridge, where, for about 800 feet,

the channel width is reduced to 100 feet.

A survey of the river was made during the year, of which a re-
port, together with estimate, for deepening the channel to 9 feet
at mean low water, was submitted in November, 1903, and pub-
lished in House Document No. 311, 58th Congress, second session.

Newburyport Harbor,

Od June 21, 1904, bids were opened, and contract was author-
ized for repairing both the north and south jetties, and for extend-
ing the south jetty as far as the available funds would permit.
No work under this contract had been performed at the close of
the fiscal year.

Breakwater for Harbor of Refuge^ Sandy Bay^ Cape Ann.

Under the contract for continuing the construction of this break-
water, 112,411.5 tons of rubble stone were placed in the western
and 3,929 tons in the southern arm of the breakwater, completing
the substructure of the western arm for a length of 605 feet to a
height of 12 feet below mean low water, and a core of the super-
Btnicture for the same length up to mean low water, with a width

70 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

of 80 feet on top. The stone deposited in the southern arm was
placed on the seaward face to fill it out to the prescribed slope.

At the close of the fiscal year work was in progress^ and 3,530
linear feet of the substructure of the southern arm and 1,430 feet
ot the substructure of the western arm had been practically com-
pleted.

Rockport Harbor.

Under the contract for rebuilding the breakwaters, 9,721.5 tons
of rubble stone were deposited during the year, and the rebuilding
of the breakwaters was completed, making the Bearskin Neck
breakwater 900 feet long and Norwoods Head breakwater 200 feet
long.

Gloucester Harbor.

Under the contract for completing the breakwater on or before
Sept. 30, 1906, 16,236.5 tons of dimension stone and 4,082 tons
of rubble stone were placed in 845 linear feet of the superstructure ;
89,496 tons of rubble stone were placed in the substructure and
850 tons of riprap stone were placed in the apron along the base
of the superstructure on the seaward side.

At the close of the year the substructure was entirely completed
for 2,250 feet and the superstructure for 1,122 feet from shore.
Work was in progress on the superstructure.

Manchester Harbor.

Under contract for dredging from the channel of this harbor,
10,499.6 cubic yards of mud and sand were dredged, continuing
the channel 100 feet wide at the turns and 75 feet wide elsewhere
to the depth of 6 feet at mean low water, 1,100 feet up stream to
a point 220 feet below the south-west corner of Read's wharf.

Beverly Harbor.

Under the contract for dredging in this harbor, 18,206.6 cubic
yards of mud, sand and gravel were dredged between Tucks Point
and Salem Neck, widening to 200 feet the entrance channel 18 feet
deep at mean low water, excepting over obstructing ledges, on
which the least depth is 12 feet, and which reduce the available
width at two points to 150 feet.

Lynn Harbor.

Under a contract for dredging from the channel of this harbor,
49,449 cubic yards of material were dredged from the outer main

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 71

channel, deepening it to 15 feet for a width of 100 feet on
e^^raight and 125 feet on carved aections, extending from the deep
Imsin opposite Little Nahant, a distance of 4,600 feet, to the sea.

Maiden River,

Five thousand six hundred fifty-four cubic yards of material were
dredged from the channel of this river in restoring the prescribed
depth of the channel at two localities where shoals obstructed the
ascent of barges with coal to Maiden.

Boston Harbor.

To secure a channel 27 feet deep at mean low water and 1,000
feet wide, in the lower main ship channel, under a contract for
the excavation of 19,008 cubic yards of ledge, in the removal of
21 ledges, drilling and blasting were continued during the year ;
11,503 cubic yards, scow measurement, of blasted material were
removed. The removal of one ledge was completed.

Under a contract to remove 223 cubic yards, in 3 ledges, from
the lower main ship channel, and 2,066 cubic yards, in 11 ledges,
in the upper main ship channel, the breaking up of the rock
(without drilling or blasting) has extended over 2 ledges in the
lower main ship channel and over 4 ledges in the upper main ship
channel, and 490 cubic yards, scow measurement, of broken rock
have been removed. None of the 14 ledges has been removed to
the depth of 27 feet.

In maintenance of the 27-foot channel, 23,147 cubic yards of
gravel, cobblestones, clay and mud were dredged by hired plant
from the lower main ship channel in removal of numerous shoals
from President Roads to Boston Light.

Id Broad Sound, under a contract for dredging a channel 30 feet
at mean low water and 1,200 feet wide, 61,359.4 cubic yards of
stone, gravel and clay, and 66,048 cubic yards of bowlders over
6 tons in weight each, were dredged, completing, on May 6, 1904,
the original contract for dredging this channel.

To avoid the costly removal of 5 ledges uncovered by the
dredging in the easterly side of the outer arm of this channel, a
supplemental contract was entered into for dredging 75,292 cubic
yards of material from the westerly side of that arm in a strip
55 feet wide. Dredging under this supplemental contract had not
been commenced at the close of the fiscal year.

Under the project authorized by act of Congress, approved
Jane 13, 1902, to obtain a channel 35 feet deep at mean low

72 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

water, 1,200 feet in width in the upper main ship channel from
Boston to President Roads, and 1,500 feet in width from President
Roads to the sea at Broad Sound, four contracts were in force at
the beginning of the fiscal year, embracing the removal in the
aggregate of 9,780,000 cubic yards of material, of which 7,500,000
cubic yards will be dredged from the upper main ship channel and
2,280,000 cubic yards from President Roads to Broad Sound.
During the fiscal year under these contracts 1,129,405.5 cubic
yards were dredged from the upper main ship channel and 73,943.5
cubic yards from the channel extending from President Roads to
the sea.

In maintenance * of sea walls protecting the islands and head-
lands of the harbor, the rebuilding of the south head sea ^^all on
Deer Island was completed; walls on Long Island and Loveli's
Island were repointed, and minor repairs were made to these two
latter walls and to the wall on Great Brewster Island.

Cohasset Harbor.

Ten thousand two hundred ninety-nine cubic yards of mud,
sand, gravel and clay and 105 cubic yards of rock were removed
from this harbor during the fiscal year under contracts, the comple-
tion of which obtained a channel 4 feet deep at mean low water, 60
to 75 feet wide, extending from the entrance to the inner harbor,
to and along the wharf front, to a point about 100 feet west of

Tower's wharf.

Plymouth Harbor.

During the fiscal year. Eel River was returned to its former
course, discharging into the harbor. In this operation 2,085 cubic
yards of earth were excavated from its original bed and a dam of
earth and sand bags was built across its new bed.

To prevent it from being again turned into the sea, 536 linear
feet of stone dike were built in front of it, in the vicinity of its
closed passage to the sea.

Provincetown Harbor.

Six groynes of pile and timber, .300 feet apart, aggregating
995 feet in length, were built on the beach near Abel Hill dike.

Very respectfully,

W. S. Stanton,
Colonel, Corps of Engineers.

Statement of Lieut.-Col. J. H. Willard, Corps of En-
gineers, U. S. A., showing the work done by the United

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 73

States on the rivers and harbors of Massachusetts under the
Newport, R. I., engineer office, during the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1904 : —

Hyannis Harbor.

The contract for dredging this harbor, entered into Dec. 8, 1902,
was annulled Sept. 5, 1903, and a new contract entered into under
date of NoTcmher 25. Dredging under this contract was com-
menced May 27, 1904, and up to the close of the fiscal year 25,346
cubic yards were excavated, adding 3.6 acres to the 15.5-foot
anchorage area protected by the breakwater. This completed
about one- third of the contract.

Nantucket Harbor.

After an examination of the effect of the breach in the Haulover
Beach on the jetty channel, the contract of Jan. 19, 1903, for
}etty construction, was modified by supplemental articles of agree-
ment, and the amount of the contract was increased to $10,000,
the stone to be deposited along the centre line of the jetty and
allowed to stand at as steep a slope as it would assume, across the
gap near the shore end of the jetty. Work under this contract
was commenced May 31, 1904, and up to the end of the fiscal
year 2,653 tons of stone were so placed, completing about two-
thirds of the contract.

Vineyard Haven,

No works of improvement have been in progress during the
fiscal year. Further work at this harbor is dependent upon the
resalt of the examination of tbe Board of Engineers, convened in
accordance with the river and harbor act of Jane 13, 1902, to con-
sider the general subject of harbors in this locality.

Woods Hole,

Work under the contract for dredging and removing bowlders
from the strait was completed July 8, 1903. The total amount
removed was 5,339 cubic yards of clay, gravel and small bowlders
and 50.3 cubic yards of bowlders exceeding one cubic yard each.

The main channel has been cleared of all obstructing shoals to a
depth of 13 feet at mean low tide for its full width of 300 feet,
excepting two small shoals on its northern edge near Devil's Foot
Island, and the main shoal at its eastern end, through which the
13-foot channel has a width of 225 feet.

74 HAEBOR AND LAND OOMMISSIONEBS. fJan.

New Bedford Harbor.

The work of dredging, in the anchorage area in this b arbor,
under the contract in force at the close of the last fiscal yeaj-, ^i^as
resumed July 14, 1908, and completed December 12. A totAl of
178,372 cubic yards of mud and sand were removed, completing;
the contract and all approved projects for this harbor.

Taunton River.

No work of improvement has been in operation during the past
fiscal year beyond a few days' work at the beginning of the year
in completing the contract for dredging near Dighton wharf and
Wickamount, which was completed July 3, 1903.

Fall River Harbor.

Work was continued through the greater part of the year under
the continuing contract for dredging a channel 25 feet deep at
mean low water and 300 feet wide through Fall River harbor and
across Mount Hope Bay. Up to the close of the fiscal year,
948,233 cubic yards of mud and sand had been removed, com-
pleting about 87 per cent, of the contract. The unusually severe
winter compelled a discontinuance of the work during January,
February and the greater part of March.

Removal of Wrecks.

The following wrecks were removed so as no longer to form
obstructions to navigation : Schooner ' ' Sarah Potter," off the
Handkerchief Shoal; schooner "Dora Mathews," 3^ miles north-
east of Sankaty Head, Nantucket; schooner "Agnes £. Manson,"
6^ miles east ^ mile north from Sankaty Head; schooner "Mar-
riott," 10 miles west south-west from Vineyard Sound lightship;
barge "Fidelia," from 3 miles west of Hen and Chickens light-
ship; schooner "Albert F. Stearns," from Rogers shoal, near
Monomoy Point; schooner "Levi Hart" and an unknown wreck,
from Pollock Rip slough.

Preliminary Examinations and Surveys.

Preliminary examinations with a view to improvements were
made at the following localities : Little Harbor, Woods Hole ;
Onset harbor ; Weepecket rock, in Buzzards Bay ; also by a board
of engineers constituted by the river and harbor act of June 13,
1902, to make an examination of Vineyard and Nantucket sounds

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 11. 75

and the east shore of Cape Cod, with a view to reporting upon the
relative merits of said localities for harbors of refuge.

Onset harbor was deemed unworthy of improvement by the
general government, and surveys were ordered at Little Harbor,
WoodB Hole, and Weepecket rock.

The report of the board of engineers considering the subject of
harhors of refuge was printed in House Document No. 60, fifty-
eighth Congress, second session.

Proposed Bridge over Taunton Great River, between
THE City of Fall River and Town of Somerset.

A Joint Board, consisting of the Railroad Commissioners,
the Harbor and Land Commissioners and the County Com-
missioners of the county of Bristol, was constituted by
chapter 462 of the Acts of 1903, and directed to locate and
construct a new drawbridge over Taunton Great River, be-
tween the city of Fall River and the town of Somerset, with
the necessary approaches and ways thereto, at a cost not to
exceed $1,000,000.

The Joint Board, after a study of the project and public
hearings, with the aid of expert engineers, determined that
it is inexpedient to build a bridge adapted for the purposes
of railroad, street railway and ordinary public travel ; and
that a separate bridge for public travel, sufficiently strong
to carry a street railway if hereafter needed, would best
meet the requirements of the community.

The question of site became of prime importance, and no
less than four different locations were advocated by different
interests. The Board finally fixed on one about 1,200 feet
north of the existing Slade's Ferry bridge, with the easterly
terminus at Brightman Street and the westerly terminus at
the old ferry slip, where the river is about 1,000 feet wide,
as combining the greatest convenience to the greatest num-
ber of the public travelling by land, while creating the least
possible ol)struction to navigation, and at the same time
avoiding any curtailment of the harbor. At the point
selected the distance between the abutments would be less
than at any other site considered, thereby materially reduc-
ing the cost. A greater elevation also could be maintained
above the level of the water, with easy grades in approach-

76 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

ing and less cost of constxaction. After selecting the site
and adopting the plans, the Joint Board, under the require-
ments of the statute, submitted these plans to the Board of
Harbor and Land Commissioners for its approval. JsTofcices
were issued and a hearing was given on the plans presented,
relative to the location of the draw span, the width of its
opening, the height of the bridge above the water level,
and the location of the piers with reference to the flow of
the tides and the accommodation of passing vessels. ^Witb
some slight variations from the plans presented, those finally
approved provided for a deck bridge 60 feet wide, includizig'
sidewalks, and about 960 feet long between abutments, with
a lift draw having a clear passageway of 70 feet, located over
the mean of mid-currents, yet not without due regard to
the flow of the river through the present bridge and the
position of the draw therein. The clear height at the centre
line of the draw span is to be 28 feet above mean high water,
and at no place is there to be less than 14 feet between mean
high water and the bottom of the trusses of the fixed spans.
The bridge is to be supported by five piers between the
abutments. The height of the draw span is fixed to allow
the passage under the bridge, without opening the draw, of
a large majority of the sail boats and mastless barges fre-
quenting the river. The distance between the bridges is
ample to admit of manoeuvring or anchoring vessels or tows
of reasonable length, which after passing one bridge may be
delayed to await the opening of the draw in the next.

In May, 1904, the plans were approved and a license
issued by this Board, which was thereafter forwarded by
the Joint Board to the War Department for approval. In
October, 1904, a public hearing was given by Lieut. Col.
J. H. Willard, U. S. A., engineer in charge of the district
in which the bridge is to be located, on the question of
whether the proposed bridge would unreasonably interfere
with the navigation of the river. The chaimian of the Joint
Board and the chairman of this Board, among others, were
heard in support of the license.

The decision of the War Department has not as yet been
rendered.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUIVIENT — No. 11. 77

Dry Dock,

At the last session of the Legislature a resolution was
passed relating to this subject, being chapter 103 of the
Kesolves of 1904, and reading as follows : —

Hesolved^ That the board of harbor and land commissioners is
hereby instracted to investigate the advisability of constructing at
the expense of the Commonwealth a dry dock in Boston harbor,
and to report thereon to the next general court not later than the
fifteenth day of January in the year nineteen hundred and five,
including in the report, if the board deems it expedient, sugges-
tions as to the nature of the dock that should be erected, its loca-
tion, and an estimate of its probable cost, and any other matters
which the board may deem desirable.

The advisability of constructing at the expense of the
Commonwealth a drj^ dock in Boston harbor involves many
considerations, of which the primary question is the finan-
cial one, and that becomes no less important when consider-
ing the public demand, most vigorously expressed at the
present time, in favor of economy. There are, however,
other considerations of great force, and which are entitled
to be weighed most seriously, as relating to the proper
equipment and further success of the great port of New
England, to which the Federal government is generously
contributing for the purpose of making' it second to none in
ofiering facilities for a great commerce.

In pursuing its investigations the Board has collected and
tabulated the existing facilities for docking at the port, has
extended its inquiries wherever in this country and abroad
data of value were to be obtained, and has given a public
hearing in order to get a full expression of the views of the
merchants of Boston and all local interests.

In October, 1902, the retiring president of the Boston
Associated Board of Trade in an address said: *'We can
see but one thing lacking necessary to give the great vessels
of to-day and the near future all the accommodation of a first-
class port, and that is a dry dock of the most approved and
modem type, and not less than 800 feet in length. Private
capital cannot be invested for such a purpose, for it may

78 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

not pay for many years ; but the State should also provide
this important instrument of commerce. It is not a fad, it
is not a luxury, but an actual necessity; and we shall have
no right to call our port a first-class one until it is done."

On Feb. 1, 1904, there was presented to the Legislature
a petition in behalf of the merchants of Boston for legisla-
tion to provide for the construction by the Commonwealth
of a dry dock on the Commonwealth flats at South Soston.
In support of this petition, at the hearing before the com-
mittee on harbors and public lands, the Boston Chamber of
Commerce, the Merchants' Association and other mercantile
bodies were represented. They stated that the existing
Simpson dry docks at East Boston were ample for the size
of vessels for which they were built, but that they were not
large enough to accommodate the larger vessels now fre-
quenting the port ; that foreign steamship managers had
called attention most emphatically to the need of a large dry
dock in Boston harbor, for use in case of accident happening
to one or more of the larger vessels. These views were
repeated at the hearing before the Harbor and Land Com-
missioners, on Dec. 8, 1904.

From the records of the Boston Chamber of Commerce we
learn that in 1903 there entered Boston harbor 37 vessels,
and in 1904 22 vessels, too large to be docked in the
Simpson dock. These were all foreign-owned steamships,
most of which were sailing to and from their home ports,
and would dock in Boston only in case of serious accident,
docking for periodical cleaning and painting ordinarily
being done at the home port. A few, probably not more
than 8 or 10, of these vessels sailing from other than their
home ports might, however, dock in Boston, providing the
rates were not more than those at the Mediterranean ports
from which they were sailing.

In order to learn to what extent other ports are provided
with dry docks, tables have been prepared, from information
obtained in Lloyds Register and the Register of United
States vessels, the first showing the number of dry docks
and marine railways or slips of various sizes throughout the
world, — this list includes naval docks as well as commercial
docks ; the second showing the number of commercial dry

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11.

docks and marine railways or slips in the principal ports of
the world. The following table shows the present facilities
for docking vessels at Boston : —

Drt Docks and Marine Railways in Boston Harbor.

[All dlmensloiiB In feet.]

OF Dock.

d
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O

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go I

III

O 9 «

o
o

d
o

3
it

•o

Nsry Yard, old dock, .
Nary Tard, new dock, j
Stmpeon*e dock No. 1, .
SlnpeoB'e dock No. 2, .
Simpeon'e dock No. 3, .

Stone,

3»»

864

Stone and
concrete,

t 760

729

114

101.5

Wood,

477

456

Wood,

256

260

Wood,

165

155

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

Dnitng the neap and spring tldee the depth of water over the bUIs of the varlone dock
'Win vary from 1 to 2 feet more or 1ms from the depths given In the table.

In ease of necessitj, 18 feet additional length on floor can be ntllized in Simpson**
Dock No. 1.

The Navy Tard new dock is nearly completed.

Plsns and estimates have been prepared at Washington for a third graving dock at the
Navy Tard, about 650 feet long.

It is proposed to reoonstmct Green's wooden dry dock, which will take vessels of 165 feet
length aod 12 feet drafU

Marine Railways at East Boston.

Atlantic Works marine railways : —

No. 1 has cradle 244 feet long, 70 feet wide ; can take vessels
drawing 11^ feet forward, 14^ feet aft, and not exceeding 1,800
tons net weight.

No. 2 has cradle 200 feet long, 58 feet wide ; can take vessels
drawing 12^ feet- forward, 15^ feet aft, and not exceeding 800 tons
net weight.

No. 3 has cradle 135 feet long, 43 feet wide ; can take vessels
drawing 14 feet, and not exceeding 500 tons in weight.

Lockwood's marine railway has cradle 150 feet long; can take
vessel drawing 8 feet forward and 13 feet aft, and not exceeding
600 tons register.

The Simpson patent dry dock No. 1, which will accommo-
date vessels up to 450 feet in length, 60 feet in width and

HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan

18 feet draft, is the only dock in Boston outside the Navy
Yard which could take vessels of any considerable size.
The recent records of this dock are as follows : —

Number of TlmM

VMselt placed

In Dock.

Number of Days

X>oclc in

Ume.

1902,
190S,
1904,

153
147
141

showing that the dock has been in use but little more than
half the time. No commercial vessels are placed in the
Navy Yard dock except when the Simpson dock is occu-
pied, as that dock for the last fourteen years has been longer
than the one at the Navy Yard.

From the records of the Simpson docks it would appear
that the No. 1 dock, 455 feet long on bottom, can accommo-
date all the vessels which are too large to enter either the
No. 2 or No. 3 docks ; in fact, it has been used to dock
many of the smaller vessels which could not be seasonably
accommodated in the smaller docks.

Four times during the past seven years vessels could not
wait until the Simpson dock was available, and so were
docked at the Navy Yard. It is a fair inference, from the
records of the last tliree years, that no material increase in
the demand is likely.

Inquiries fail to develop instances of the larger class of
steamships seeking a port elsewhere than at home for sub-
stantial repairs, because of insufficient dry docks at Boston ;
at the same time, it might be unwise to rely on the contin-
uance of such exemption.

A complete list of steamships docked for repairs at Simp-
son's, for the past three years, is as follows : —

Jan.

Steamship ^^ Isle of Kent," 3,088 tons. Had been in
colliBion with a Spanish steamship, which was sunk.
Extensive repairs to stem, new frame, and plates.
Paid for 19^ days' dockage.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 81

AyriL Steamship '^ Wilster/' 2,101 tons. Had been ashore*
Remained in dock a long time for surveys, and finally
patched, and went to New York for repairs. Went
in a second time, surveyor not being satisfied with
the patching. Paid for 18 days' dockage.
Steamship ^^Timandra," 1,500 tons. Ran on rocks,
outward bound. Paid for 8 days' d^ockage.
May. Steamship ^^ Prince George," 2,140 tons. General

work. Paid for 4 days' dockage.
June. Steamship ^^ Indian," of Philadelphia line, 2,110 tons.
Had been ashore in Vineyard Sound. Being bound
to Boston, she was brought here, discharged and
docked. New York bid being less than Boston, she
was patched, and taken to Erie Basin, New York, for
repairs. Paid for 11 days' dockage.
Oct. and Steamship ^^Aldany," 8,090 tons. Had been ashore.
Nov. Put on 57 new plates, and treated 58 others. Paid

for 30 days' dockage.

Jan. Steamship ^^Priestfield," 8,980 tons. Had been ashore.

Put on 12 plates, and again had been in the ice, put
on 15 plates. Paid for 6 days' dockage.

April. Steamship *' Peter Jebson," 3,535 tons, collier. Had
been ashore on Nix's Mate, outward bound, light.
Had new plates, and old ones taken out and straight-
ened. Paid for 14 days' dockage.

July. Steamship ^'Grayfield," 2,121 tons. Could not ascer-
tain cause. Paid for 4J days' dockage.
Sept. Steamship ^^ Admiral Sampson," 2,104 tons. Had new
• shaft. Had to wait for it, and docked a second time.
Paid for 9 days' dockage in all.

ItM.

June and Steamship '' Boston," 1,692 tons. Dominion line. Was
July. ashore twice on the Nova Scotia coast. Paid for 4
days' dockage in June and for 14 days in July.

The following tables show the facilities elsewhere : —

82 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

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lyOo.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 93

The most recent graving dock planned for the port of
Liverpool is to be 800 feet long, with an entrance width of
135 feet; another dock, leading out of the Herculaneum
dock, is building, 745 feet long. The extra width of en-
trance of the first^mentioned dock is due to the difficult
approach rather than to the width of the vessels. It should
l>e borne in mind that Liverpool already has the Canada
dock, with a length of 925 feet, a width of entrance of 94
feet and depth on sill of 32 feet.

The most recent floating dock planned is one now under
construction by the Maryland Steel Company for the United
States naval station at Cavite in the Philippines. It is
to be 500 feet long, 100 feet wide in clear between side
walls, 30 to 35 feet deep over keel blocks, and lifting
cajiacity of 16,000 tons, with free board of 2 feet.

Size of Stemnships.

Letters of inquiry were sent to the owners of all steam-
ship lines coming to Boston, asking for a statement of the
size of their vessels, the probability of their requiring dock
fiicilities in Boston harbor other than those already existing,
the frequency and length of time vessels were usually in
dock for painting and ordinary repairs, and the desirability
of having repair shops and railways near to or alongside the
dock.

Other letters were sent to ship-building concerns both in
the United States and Europe, asking for similar informa-
tion. Twelve replies were received to the first set of letters
and twenty replies to the last.

The owners of the steamships frequenting the port which
are too large to use the Simpson dock stated in answer to
our inquiries that except in emergencies, such as injuries
which could not be otherwise repaired, none of these would
be docked in Boston even if there were a dock large enough
to accommodate them, except in the case of steamships
plying between Boston and Mediterranean ports which now
dock there ; and the only reason for making a change would
be lower dock rates and repair charges. The above are all
foreign-owned vessels.

94 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan

Name, Length and Tonnage of Steamships over 450 Febx IiON<j

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Knmber of

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entered

Length
(Fe«t).

Orotf*

Tonnage.

1. Oxonian,

459.0

6,306

2. Toronto, .

456.0

6,035

S. Consuelo,

461.5

6.025

4. Kingstonian, .

467.0

6^64

5. Bosnia, .

485.0

7,436

6. Bengalia,

485.0

7,659

7. Belgia, .

485.0

7,507

8. Bethania,

485.0

7,492

9. Michigan,

490.5

8,000

10. Utopia, .

500.0

10,402

11. Bohemian,

512.0

8,548

12. Cestrian, .

512.5

8,823

13. Canadian,

530.0

9,301

14. Winnifredian,

552.5

10,405

15. Devonian,

552.5

10,418

16. Romanic,

550.0

11,394

17. Republic,

570.0

15,878

18. Cretic, .

582.0

13,518

19. Saxon ia, .

582.0

14,281

20. Ivernia, .

582.0

14,058

21. Canopic,

578.8

12,097

22. Cymric, .

585.0

18,096

137

None of the foregoing vessels would dock here for clean-
ing and painting, unless they might be trading between

1905.2 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 1)5

-Doston and some foreign port other than the home port, and
Oiese instances would be rare.

-I lie Canard steamships now building with turbine engines
*^ to be 780 feet over all, 760 feet on the water line, 88
^ beam, 60 feet deep, and will require a depth over the
. *^^ ®^U of about 30 feet. The largest steamship in service
*f ^^ '* Baltic" of the White Star line, 708.3 feet long, 75.5
feet wide and 49 feet deep.

^ae following is a list of some of the largest steamships

«^iU since 1893, of which the *' Cymric," *' Saxonia" and

^ ^'^^^^ " have been quite constantly in the Boston ser-

96 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [.Tan

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1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMi^NT — No. 11. 97

Hrnc Maixy of the Large Vessels coming to Boston would

tise the Proposed Dock?

Vessels dock away from home only in emergencies. In
the case of a damaged vessel brought into the port of Bos-
ton, usually a survey is first made, for which purpose she
may be docked, and then tenders asked for making repairs.
Owing to the siurplus dock accommodations at New York,
and to the fact that at Philadelphia, Baltimore and Newport
News the docks are owned by the ship-building companies,
the lowest bids are usually received from one of these places.
After the contract for making repairs has been let, the ship
may be held dry-docked at Boston while being patched or
baying temporary repairs made, and then allowed to proceed
to New York or elsewhere for the permanent repairs. While
this may result in delay and consequent loss to the ship
owner, it enables the underwriters to effect the repairs at
the least cost to the insurance company.

As a rule, the cost of repairs in foreign ports is much less
than in the United States; in addition thereto, all steamship
lines have at their home port a superintendent who has
charge of the repairs and maintenance of vessels, which
^ts enable them to be repaired at the home port much
cheaper and better than at a foreign port ; wherefore, almost
invariably if the damage to a vessel is such that she can
reach her home port with temporary patching or repairs, she
proceeds there for permanent repairs.

This, however, is not always true ; as, for instance, one
of the American line steamships built at Philadelphia was
recently sent to Belfast, Ire., for a thorough overhauling,
the cost of labor and the facilities being such that it could
be done more cheaply there than at the yard where she was
constructed.

The question, then, has the lack of a large dock kept or
will it keep any vessels from coming here, is one to be con-
sidered.

The reasons for new lines or single vessels coming to a
port are primarily the amount of merchandise to be received
or shipped. No ship would go to a port simply because a
dry dock existed there, except through necessity. If re-

98 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

munerative business were to be found at a port, vessels
would go there whether the port had docking facilities or
not. The only case in which they would have any t>earing
would be at places where the amount of business and rates
were practically the same ; for instance, if one port had no
docking fiEkcilities, and another very good ones, preference
would undoubtedly be given (other things being equal) to
the well-equipped port.

It follows that the business of a large dry dock would b^
very limited in Boston, and practically it would only be
called upon to dock vessels over 450 feet long that had met
with some accident which rendered an inspection or examina-
tion below the water line absolutely necessary ; and then in
all probability it would be used simply for making saeh ex-
amination and temporary repairs as would enable the ship to
reach some other port, where permanent repairs could be
made at less cost. The number of ships of this length i^hich
entered Boston during the year 1903 was 37, and in 1904
was 22 * ; and not one of these on any passage was injured
in such a way as to require the use of a dry dock.

What Type of Dock is Preferable.

From all the information which the Board has been able
to obtain, it would appear that either a graving or floating
dock would accommodate vessels in a satisfactory manner.
Many ship owners and builders prefer one, and many the
other. In some locations proper foundations cannot be
readily secured for a graving dock, while in other places it
would be difficult to obtain the necessary depth of water in
which to locate a floating dock. The class and amount of
business to be done have a material bearing in deciding
which is better adapted to a particular locality.

A Floating Dock.

Wherever firm foundations cannot be readily obtained for
a fixed dock, it is almost always practicable, by reason of
soft bottom, to obtain the necessary depth of water for a

* See table opposite.

TaWe Showing Number ond Length of
Different Steamers Arriving at the
Port of Boston from Foreign and
Domestic Ports during 1 904

Note — X Foreign • Domestic

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo. 11. 99

floating dock. When a vessel is raised on a floating dock,
she is above the level of the water, so that light and air
have free access to her bottom, thus facilitating drying.
Should a floating dock be built in sections, it could be
so oi)erated as to give an equal bearing to all portions
of an old vessel, and thus avoid straining, however much
her lines may have become distorted. Inasmuch as such a
dock possesses less longitudinal stiffness than a graving dock,
should the damage to be repaired extend over a considerable
length of the vessel, it would be more difficult to keep her
properly supported at all points than in a masonry dock.

A floating dock also could be moved about a harbor, or
from one harbor to another, if necessary ; it also could be
c^Lreened so as to dock a vessel having a considerable list ;
but such an operation would be performed at some risk of
injuring the dock.

A floating dock could, if required, partially raise a larger
ship than it is designed to handle, so that repairs might be
effected, as, for instance, around the propeller shafts, even
if the whole vessel should not be raised out of the water.
Further, it could lift a vessel much longer than itself, pro-
viding the vessel should have the necessary strength to
stand the strain due to the non-support of an overhanging
bow and stern.

While generally the first cost is less than a masonry dock,
still, it wants more constant care and must be out of com-
mission a longer time than a masonry dock, for the purpose
of making these periodical inspections and repairs, and the
cost of maintenance is greater. In fact, it must be borne in
mind that a floating dock needs practically the same care as
a ship, must be cleaned, painted and docked as frequently,
and at all times requires a crew to look after it. The berth
or basin in which the dock is operated also would periodi-
cally require dredging for its maintenance.

A Masonry Graving Dock,

Masonry graving docks require a solid foundation, and
should be located, if possible, in rock or hard-pan forma-
^on. In such places it would be difficult to secure by arti-

100 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

ficial means the necessary depth of water for a floating dock
of the same capacity.

A masonry dock, owing to its nature, when properlj'- built
should require very slight repau*s, there being practically
nothing to get out of order excepting the machinery and the
gates or caissons closing the entrance. The maintenance of
the machinery and its operation is less expensive than that
of a floating dock, owing to its being installed and operated
in large units in a single house. The same machinery also,
where the docks are near together, is available for operating
more than one dock, and, housed in masonry buildings,
could be more readily taken care of and left with less im-
mediate supervision than would be the case \vith floating
docks. The amount of water to be pumped is greater with
a graving dock ; but if the pumps are properly proportioned,
it need not take longer to dock a ship in a masonry than in
a floating dock. The dock itself being fixed, and there being
ample space around the vessel, she can be as easily, if not
more readily, adjusted in place than in a floating dock. In
case of infrequent use, the maintenance charges for the
masonry dock would be very much leSvS than for the floating
dock.

In docking vessels for extensive repairs the masonry dock
offers the best facilities for shoring up the vessel, and pre-
venting her becoming strained or fui-ther injured. Where
the range of tide is considerable, a large portion of the water
in the dock could be allowed to drain out with the falling
tide without the cost of pumping, unless it were desirable
to clear the dock more rapidly.

In studying the tables showing the location of the various
dry docks throughout the world, it will be seen that floating
docks are erenerallv in use where it is difficult to obtain
proper foundations for masonry docks. In some ports very
great expense has been incurred to secure such foundations.
The opinions of ship owners, ship builders and expeiis,
learned through letters of inquiry and from papers presented
"to the last National Navigation Congress, held at Dussel-
dorf in 1902, are herewith given somewhat at length, as
testimony of the highest. authority.

li>05.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 101

Answers reckiyed from Ship Builders and Ship Owners.

From the point of view of the vessel owner, what are the advan-
tages or disadvantages between fixed masonry dry docks and float-
ing dry docks ?

Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company^ Brooklyn, N, T. —
There is a difference of opinion, but the majority of steamship
owners believe that the sectional floating dock is easier on the
ship, as it conforms to ber shape, while in the graving dock the
ship is forced to the shape of the dock. Then, again, the cost of
coQBtrnction and operation of a floating dock is less. A ship can
be docked in half the time it requires in a graving dock.

Maryland Steel Company , Boston. — The floating dock has the
advantage over graving docks in being capable of adjustment to
injured ships having any list or change of trim, and carries the
ship easier than the rigid graving dock. In support of this I
might call attention to the successful government tests in docking
the battleship ^'Illinois" in the New Orleans floating dock, when
there was neither cracking of the cement nor cutting of the blocks ;
proving that the tender bottom of even a battleship can be carried
on a well-designed floating dock with an evenly distributed pres-
sure and without a tendency to strain. The floating dock gener-
sAly lifts a vessel in about half the time required by a graving
dock, and, in lifting the vessel above water, permits the hull and
paint to dry quicker ; also, gives better light for carrying on re-
pairs to the bottom of a ship.

The NeaJU & Levy Ship and Engine Company , Philadelphia^ Pa,
— Owners have no objection to first-class floating docks, and they
ue cheaper. Workmen can see better in floating docks than in a
deep masonry dock. Faint dries better on floating docks than in
deep masonry docks. Simpson type fixed docks of timber are
good for light and air. Many large steel pontoon floating docks
&re now used in all parts of the world.

Moran Bros, Company, Seattle, Wash, — The question as to
whether a floating dock or a stone one permanently built in the
RfOQDd is the best depends largely on the local conditions ; as you
probably know there are many places where the formation of the
ground is such that it is an extremely expensive proposition to
build a stone or concrete dock ; and there are other places where
&doek can be practically blasted out of the solid rock, and of
course under those conditions the stone or concrete dock would be
unquestionably the best. A floating dock is a very convenient
Wfty of handling vessels for repairs and painting; the vessel is
above the surface of the water, which makes it convenient for

102 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

handling machinery to and from her, and it also briars her up
where the wind and sun can have the best chance to dry her off in
the quickest possible time for painting. But this whole proposi-
tion as to which would be the best for local conditions depends
altogether on the conditions that exist; and it would be impossible
for us to advise you in an intelligent way on this subject.

The Townsend'Downey Shipbuilding Company^ New 'Fork. —
Either type is satisfactory if properly constructed, equipped and
operated. Trade and site should decide type of dock.

Union Iron WorkSy San Francisco, — Consider floating docks
more desirable as repairs can be made more cheaply than on a
graving dock.

Merchants and Miners Transportation Company^ Boston. — The
advantages of a floating dock over the graving dock are : the
accessibility of the vessel, and, when the vessel is docked for
painting, quicker drying on account of freer circulation of air.

Dominion Atlantic Railway^ Boston. — ^Trom the ship owner's
point of view, I should say none ; from the dock owner's point of
view, a great deal.

The Atlantic Works^ East Boston. — We consider that this is
largely a question of opinion. Painting and repairs can be done
more advantageously in a floating dock. More skill and care are,
however, required to safely place a vessel in a floating dock than
are required in a flxed masonry dock.

Leven Ship Yard, Dumbarton, Scot,, Wm. Denny & Bros, — Our
answer to this entirely depends upon circumstances. Every place
is not suitable for a floating dock, which requires a large water
surface and plenty of water; but if these two conditions be
granted, we are in favor of the floating dock : first, because the
ground is not always suitable for constructing a dry dock, except
at great expense, and also the length of the vessel is absolutely
restricted by the length of the dock ; whereas, in a floating dock,
a certain additional length can be allowed to project over the ends.

Robert Stephenson & Co,, Limited, Hebbum-upon-Tyne, Eng. —
(a) The construction of a floating doqk is considerably cheaper
than one built of masonry.

(&) A floating dock can be so arranged that vessels can be
docked on the side ways, saving considerable area of land;
whereas in dry docks it is necessary that the dock must extend
inland instead of parallel with the river bank, as in the case of
pontoon docks.

Workman, Clark & Co,, Limited, Belfas^t, Ire, — As to the ad-
vantages and disadvantages between masonry and pontoon docks,
opinions are very varied ; but we should say that, from an

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 103

owner's point of view, the pontoon is preferable, as it enables the
i^easel to be docked and undocked with greater speed, owing to
the pamplog being more rapid, and the fact that it is immaterial
what the state of the tide is when the vessel is taken on or off.

Ftf loan Sted Warksy Stettin-Bredow^ Oer. — For long passenger
and freight steamers it is preferable to have a floating dock,
diTided into several sections ; becaase the keel of these ships,
especially of old ones, is no longer straight, and a floating dock
accommodates itself to the form of the keel. For short, heavy
sMps, war ships, for instance, a dry dock is preferable.

3urmehter & Wains Machine and Shipbuilders^ Copenhagen^ Den,
— Floating docks have the advantage of the air getting about the
vessel. Graving docks have a rigid base for keel and bilge blocks,
and are considered better for the larger class of steamers and
battleships.

William Beardmore & Go. , Limited^ Glasgow^ Scot. — Fixed
masonry dock preferable.

Fumessy Withy & Co.y Limited^ West Hartlepool^ Eng, — (a)
Floating dock : a floating dock is an economical dock to boild, to
start with, bat you require ( 1 ) a very heavy draught of water ; (2)
also repairing quays in connection with the dock. These docks
are very handy for doing ordinary painting Jobs, but for large per-
manent repairs a masonry dock is the best.

(6) Masonry dock : a masonry dock is very much superior to a
floating dock, always providing you have good foundations on
which to build the dock. The up-keep of a masonry dock is very
low indeed, providing the dock is well built, the foundations good,
and the dock is in a good position.

AUan Line Royal Mail Steamships^ Boston. — We have had no
experience in floating dry docks, but they are generally considered
as a good deal more risky, and serious accidents have happened
with floating docks.

The Ounard Steamship Company^ Boston. — For painting and
ordinary repairs the floating dry dock is preferable, as affording
mach better circulation of air for drying the bottom, much better
facilities for reaching your work, and much less loss of time in
labor and expense of getting materials to the bottom or floor of
the dock ; as the floating dock is practically on level with the pier,
while the masonry dock is many feet below the pier level.

For extensive repairs (such as having the keel removed or a
large number of plates in the bottom renewed, — work requiring
the steamer to be shored to keep her from straining) the fixed
masonry dock is preferable for large steamers, as it has greater
rigidity, and is less liable to strain the vessel.

104 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. ^Ja^-

Such work may be done on a floating dock ; but, as tbe dififerent
sections of a floating dock are sure to be affected more or Jbbb by
the movement of water under it, there is danger of straining "where
the steamer is large and the damage overlaps two or three sectiozifi.
There is a lack of stability about it; and, if called upon to sup-
port a very heavy steamer for a period of weeks, it might recede a
little in one or two sections from its original position , and this
would almost surely result in straining to the steamer in the dock.

White Star Line^ BoHon. — We prefer fixed masonry dry dockB,
as being more reliable and efficient.. We believe that & Boating
dry dock in this harbor could not afford the same depth of water
as a masonry dry dock, and neither would it offer the same t&cili"
ties for repair work.

The Clyde Steamship Company, New York. — All floating* dry
docks exert an irregular strain on ships, because it is impossible to
keep the upward pressure at all sections uniform. Masonry or
graving docks are free from this objection, and safer in every way.

The Metropolitan Steamship Company, Boston. — I am not aivare
that it makes much difference to the owner of steamships whether
the docks are floating or masonry.

Eastern Steamship Company, Boston, — Don't know that there
is a great advantage (from an owner's stand-point) in a fixed
masonry over a floating dock ; but my preference would be for the
masonry dock.

Boston Tow Boat Company^ Boston, — We favor fixed madonry
dock.

The William Cramp & Sons Ship and Engine Building Com-
pany, Philadelphia, Fa, — Our preference is for fixed docks.

Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, Newport
News, Va. — Most vessel owners prefer to dock in graving docks.

Fore River Ship Building Company, Q^incy, Mass. — From the
point of view of the vessel owner, a fixed masonry dock involves
less risk in docking and handling vessels to and from dock, and
a greater convenience and despatch in handling heavy weights ;
whereas a floating dock offers some advantages in carrying on
painting and light repairs, from the advantages of greater light
and better air for drying, accessibility for men and light materials.

F, Verbeet, of Wm. H, Muller & Co., Rotterdam, Holland.—
Graving docks or floating docks give both the same satisfaction,
same risk or danger, and ship owners have no preference for either
of these dry docks.

If the ground consist of rock or any other hard substance,
which is proved not to allow penetration of water, and if rise and
fall of the tides make a large difference in the water level, graving

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— Xo. 11. 105

docks are preferred on accoant of being able to get rid of a great
amoQDt of water wlthoat the assistance of pumps. In cases of soft
bottom and little rise and fall of the tide (like in this port), float-
ing dry docks are preferred.

Amsterdavnsche Droogdok-MaaUchappy^ Amsterdam^ Holland. —
The advantage in a floating dock is, yon can lay this dock wherever
it is convenient ; secondly, for painting or repairing purposes the
ship stands dry and is round about well aired, as the ends of a
floating dock are open ; in the third place, a smaller cost.

The disadvantages of a graving dock are : it has to be made in-
land, with a canal leading to this dock, which is in many cases
very expensive ; secondly, it is always damp and unhealthy for the
men to work in ; thirdly, the ship's bottom is not so well visible
and not so handy, especially for repairs.

Here in Europe ship owners and navigators rather dock in a
floating dock than in a graving dock ; in fact, we have of late had
ships from English owners to dock with us, in preference over
England.

A floating dry dock is certainly a useful instrument, especially
with a repair shop near it ; and, however this is not absolutely
necessary, it is certainly an enormous advantage.
Our steel dock can be lengthened if necessary.
The way you have put the question induces me to make the fol-
lowing clear to you for a better judgment : —

A floating dock can be lengthened to almost any length ; but
please mind, that, although lengthened, the floating power per /bot
length does not increase. If you have a floating dock 400 feet
loDg, able to lift 4,000 tons, and you would dock a steamer of say
4,000 tons and 200 feet long, then you could not do this, because,
to enable you to apply the full capacity of this dock, it must then
also be loaded over the full length. This, of course, applies only
to floating docks, and not to graving docks.

-4. Rodger & Co.y Port Olasgow^ Scot, — Think quite immaterial
to ship owner whether vessel in dry dock or floating dock.

Vickers^ Sons & Maxim^ Limited^ Barrow-in-Furness, England,
^A dry dock of masonry is no doubt better and more lasting
than a floating dock. The cost of the former is much greater, but
the up-keep of the floating dock is more expensive. The -floating
dock has the advantage of more light and air under the vessel ;
also, if necessary, it could be taken to another port. From an
owner's point of view, it is immaterial, provided the dues are the
same.

Harland & Wolffe^ Belfast^ Ire, — If the floating dock is placed
in a position where it is easy of access, there is not much difference

106 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. IJsLn.

to the owner of a vessel ; but the repairs to a floating clock are
much more frequent and costly, and for a harbor trnst the masonry
dock is looked upon as the more desirable in this conntry.

Opinions in Regard to Floating and Graying Docks.

Mr, Howard G. Holmes^ Consulting Engineery San Francisco, —
The principal and only real advantage in floating over graving
docks is that the vessel using the same is above the surface of the
surrounding water, and open to the free circulation of air, which
greatly facilitates the rapid drying of the bottom and paintings ;
the other advantage, which applies only to docks not exceeding
2,500 tons capacity, is the first cost, or that of construction. The
disadvantages are, first, cost of maintenance. In case of a wooden
dock, the interior as well as the exterior must be protected from
the ravages of the marine worms, — the Teredo and Limnoria.
While this would not apply to a steel dock, the cost woald be
offset in the latter by the expense of protecting the various parts,
braces, girders, bulkheads, piping, etc. (and their name is legion
in a dock of any magnitude), against destructive oxidation fi-om
the action of salt water both inside and out. From data I hare
gathered from marine surveyors, it would be necessary to repaint
every year for the first four years, and then at least every two
years. This is especially true where there is any structural work,
such as riveting and bolting. You can readily understand that
any large structure composed of structural steel, riveted and
fastened, exposed to the constant strain of the swells and strains
brought upon it from lifting inert bodies, must require constant
examination as to the condition of the various connections, and
necessarily some repairs.

Herr Hoioaldt^ Kommerzienrath^ Kiel, Ger, (Report Int. Navi-
gation Cong., Dusseldorf, 1902). — From all I have said we may
come to the following conclusions : it is advisable to build floating
docks in all those places where the soil is not especially well suited
for building dry docks, as the former require the least building as
well as working expenses ; the composite docks combine the great-
est profit with a safety equal to other systems ; the floating dock
has the greater advantage in comparison with a dry dock, the more
the building ground renders it diflficult to build the latter ; the
floating dock requires less working expenses than the dry dock in
those places where there are vessels of all sizes to be docked ;
repairs are more advantageously and more easily executed in float-
ing docks, and it will take less time for the bottom of a vessel to
dry in a floating dock ; and, lastly, there is no limit as to the
length of vessels in the floating dock.

190.>.] PUBLIC DOCLTMENT — No. 11. 107

R. Rudloff^ Baurath, Bremerhaven, Oer. (Report Int.

^avi^atioD Cong., DusBeldorf, 1902). — It follows from the fore-

goiog argnment that the opinion prevalent among shipbuilders,

that dry docks have had their day and will soon be a thing of the

past, cannot be upheld by the faintest show of reasoning. The

fallacy of their verdict is further proved by the numerous large

graving docks which have been built within recent years, or are

being built at present in England, Germany and many other parts

of the world ; otherwise, we should be unable to account for the

decision of their builders and owners in any other way than that

they must have personal motives against floating docks.

A strictly objective investigation of the question whether a dry
dock or a floating dock is the more suitable dock for a certain
locality will, by the light of the fact disclosed in this report, lead
to the general conclusion we are about to enunciate. Of course
there may be exceptional conditions to be considered ; each indi-
vidaal case in practice will have to be dealt with and decide<l on
its own merits, and certain local conditions may be such that they
will outweigh all other considerations.

Private shipbuilding firms, who wish to possess a repairing dock
of their own, will preferably choose a floating dock. As a rule,
such a firm will be in a position to build a dock in their own yard,
employ their own men* and appliances, and save money thereby.
They will be able to construct such a dock in much less time than
a dry dock, and will therefore be sooner in a position to use the
dock and earn money with it. Moreover, a floating dock can be
moored off the shore, and will not occupy any site which can be
Qtilized for other purposes. This is often a great advantage, be-
cause land may be very dear in the neighborhood of the ship yard,
and the room may be cramped already. The consideration that a
floating dock does not require a site on dry land, like a graving
dock, may outweigh those of greater cost and shorter life of the
former.

Private companies, on the other hand, who own a fleet of large
Bteamers, will do better if they build a dry dock for their own use,
&s the construction of a floating dock will not offer to them the
same advantages as to a shipbuilding firm.

Likewise, preference will always be given to dry docks every-
where they are wanted as an integral part of an expensive system
of docks of a first-class harbor, unless the ground is exception-
ally bad for the construction of a graving dock, or there is no
land to be had for such purpose, or the configuration of the
%hoTe and adjoining land is such that dry docks cannot be built
m a convenient position without interfering with the general

108 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

arrangement of the harbor. In every case where dry docks are
to be built these should be made of ample size, even at the risk
of somewhat increasing the working expenses. The fact deserves
to be mentioned here, that the most recent practice in England is
to construct, instead of two dry docks side by side, a single one
of twice the length of a medium-sized dock, and to divide it into
suitable sections, so that ships of various lengths can be docked in
them without much extra pumping. Such a dock will no doabt
fulfil all requirements of the port and neighborhood for a time, as
regards the steadily growing tendency of making ships longer and
longer every day; and yet it will also be able to accommodate
shorter vessels without any undue increase in the volume of water
to be pumped.

For harbors in newly opened up colonies, floating docks vrill of
course be chosen in preference, as already stated, and dry docks
only under exceptional circumstances constructed in these places,
especially nowadays, when it is no longer considered a risky ex-
periment to have floating docks finished complete in the faome
country, and to tow them with tug boats for thousands of miles
across the ocean.

In a discussion at the International Engineering CongvesSy
at Glasgow, in 1901, Admiral Sir Gerald No well remarked
that undoubtedly the Admiralty preferred graving docks to
floating docks ; but that did not mean that floating docks
had not a sphere of utility in places where graving docks
Avere not possible. That he was at the Admiralty at the
time that the new dock for Bermuda was projected. They
tried to find a location for a graving dock, made borings
everywhere, but could find no suitable place, and so liad to
fall back on the floating dock.

OnJf/ a Dock of the Largest Size would he justified Here,

As there now exists in Boston a dock capable of receiv-
ing vessels up to 450 feet in length, which is used but little
more than one-half the time, there would seem to be limited
need for the construction of another dock, unless it were
capable of accommodating the largest vessel now coming or
likely to come here in the future.

The new dock at the Navy Yard, 750 feet long, could
accommodate any such vessel ; and, unless it should be
shown that the government dock would absolutely not be

1905. J PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 109

£L\'^iIable in cases of emergency, reasons for constructing
f^nother dock are not readily apparent. Should, however,
another be built, it should be large enough, whether float-
ing or graving, for the largest class of prospective steam-
ships.

There is a prevalent opinion that no dock should be built
by the Commonwealth to compete with local companies.
Private enterprise should be given every inducement to
carry on all classes of business, leaving to the Common-
wealth the duties only of government.

If it is, as the merchants have testified, necessary to have
a dry dock in the harbor, and private capital cannot see its
way clear to construct it \yith a reasonable prospect of
return, and the Commonwealth should decide to constnict
one, it should be so conducted as to furnish every possible
facility for the repair of vessels, regardless of any expecta-
tion of a profit on the investment ; and it should not be
allowed to compete in any way with the business which
existing private docks are capable of handling.

In former years, when the dock at the Navy Yard was the
largest in the harbor, it was used a number of times for
docking injured vessels which could not be taken into other
docks ; but in each case the permission for such use was
granted only after the government was assured by the
owners of the private docks that they could not dock the
vessel.

Both for the protection of the vessel owner and the private
dock owner, the rates at a Commonwealth dock should be
substantially the same as those at the private dock in so far
as these are based on a fair return for the cost of service and
interest on the investment. It is probable that for many
years the receipts would not pay the actual expenses of
operation, and the interest and sinking fund requirements
on the cost of construction would undoubtedly be an annual
charge on the tax payers.

Inquiries were made by letter of the various dry dock
companies as to the rates charged for docking vessels in
different ports. From the replies received it was learned
that the actual cost had very little to do with the rates

110 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

charged. In most places the docks are more or less in-
timately connected with the shops doing repair work, or are
owned by the parties owning the wharves or wet docks, and
are operated merely as an incident to the repair and gBuenl
business. Thus the charge for the use of the dock is regu-
lated to a greater or less extent by the amount of repair
work to be done, or by special arrangement in connection
with the use of wharves or wet docks occupied by vessels.

In New York, owing to the competition caused by there
being more docks than are required for the business avail-
able, the charges are pi*actically nominal, being in jnsLDV
cases as low as 3 or 4 cents per ton per day. The result of
this has been that a number of the dry dock companies
have become more or less financially embarrassed.

In general, the evidence goes to show that there is no
regular fixed charge, but that each vessel is charged what
the owner of the dock believes to be obtainable.

The published rates in some instances state the price for a
moderate-sized vessel, and above that whatever the dock
owner chooses to charge. The highest rate is 30 cents per
ton per day for vessels under 3,000 tons, at San Francisco ;
and the lowest about 3 cents per ton, at New York. In
England the published rates vary between 3 or 4 cents per
ton per day, or from* 12 to 15 cents for the first twenty-
four hours and less for longer periods.

JjOcatio7i,

In deciding upon the best location for a dock, various
conditions are to be considered. The foundation for a
masonry dock should be rock or hard-pan ; for a floating
dock, clay or other material easily dredged, and in which a
basin can be most easily maintained. The location should
also be convenient of access to the vessel and to theC work-
men to be employed.

A floating dock should be in a sheltered locality, where
it would not be liable to injury from storms, and where it
could be readily moored without interfering with navigation.
In either case the location should be conveniently connected
with a plant for the repair of vessels and machinery. If

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo, 11. HI

practicable also it should be such that tracks can be readily
extended to it from a general railroad system.

If it be determined to construct a dry dock surveys and
examinations should be made of different sites, including
borings to ascertain the character of the foundation or ma-
terial to be excavated. Accessibility to repair shops, rail-
road facilities and conveniences should also be considered,
and a careful estimate made to fix upon the place where the
dock could be constructed most economically ; its initial

cost, annual expense of maintenance and operation, as well
as cost of making repairs to vessels, being important factors
in the decision.

At Boston favorable foundations could be obtained at a

number of different points for masonry docks, and a basin

could readily be excavated on the Commonwealth flats at

South Boston or elsewhere for a floating dock, so that it

seems as if the decision as to which is better should rest on

other reasons, viz. : the proximity of the location to repair

plant and railroad accommodations ; the frequency with

which the proposed dock is liable to be used ; the probable

cost, and the possibility of obtaining favorable terms for its

operation and maintenance ; the opportunity for fiulher

enlargement; its relation to the wharves and channels of

the harbor ; and its accessibility from the business section

of the city. At the same time, if, as seems probable at

present, there should be but little demand for the use of a

large dry dock at this port, the elements of annual charges,

repairs and comparative indestructibility would be in favor

of a graving dock rather than a floating dock.

Cost.

A masonry dock for Boston should be not less than 800
feet long, and a floating dock should be capable of lifting a
load of 20,000 tons and have a length of not less than 600
feet. The cost of graving docks depends largely upon loca-
tion and character of foundation, so that it is practically
impossible to make a reliable estimate of the cost of a
proposed dock simply by comparison Avith those already
built. Docks of this character, as is shown by the tables

112 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [Jan.

following, have cost from $632 to nearly $5,000 a foot;
some of the more recent of the large-sized ones, built under
average conditions, vary from $1,500 to $2,000 per foot.
It has been impossible in many cases to separate the cost of
the dock proper from the cost of the accessories, which, were
often included in the contract for its construction.

The cost of a steel floating dock is also a variable quan-
tity ; the larger ones, all of quite recent construction, vary
from about $52 to $100 per ton of lifting power. A con-
siderable part of the cost of some of these docks, however,
was the expense of transporting them from the place where
they were built to the port for which they were constructed.
The cost of the three largest floating docks as given does
not include the cost of preparing their berths.

For the above reasons, it is practically impossible to
determine the cost of a dock for Boston until the location
and type have been decided upon and the necessary exam-
inations made ; but in either case it would probably be not
less than $1,000,000, in addition to the cost of the site and
its preparation.

liHI.).]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11.

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1905.] PUBLIC DOCUJVIENT — No. 11. 115

There la unquestionably a strong feeling abroad in the
community that the port of Boston should be provided with
docking facilities for the largest class of vessels of commerce ;
and that, if the dry docks at the Navy Yard are to be .so
fully occupied by war vessels as in all probability not to be
t>pen to use by merchant vessels, then one outside the Navy
Yard should be built. And, further, that if the proliability
of earning interest money on the cost of building is insuf-
ficient to attract private capital, then the Commonwealth
ought to defray the cost, with the hope that the indirect ben-
efit will be sufficiently large to justify the outlay. The
argument is based on the claim that the business of a great
port is largely dependent on the accommodations and facilities
afforded for its transaction, and that a large dry dock is one
of the essentials of an up-to-date equipment. As a general
proposition this must be admitted to be true, and a large dry
dock would be a very desirable acquisition to the port.

Whether a transportation company, if it could do its busi-
ness here with greater economy and despatch by means of
larger vessels than those in use, would be deterred from
sending such vessels here for fear of meeting with disaster
T^hich could not be repaired for lack of adequate facilities,
is extremely doubtful, if not incredible ; and yet we realize
that no port can be said to be fully and adequately equipped
for business that lacks docking facilities for injured vessels,
and that it tells in a way against a port if a damaged vessel
is obliged to seek her repairing elsewhere.

It cannot be called a necessity in this instance, but rather
a great convenience, such as pertains to a perfectly appointed
household, and the lack of which would in all but extreme
occasions pass unnoticed. It is analogous to the need of an
emergency hospital in a small town, which might not be
wanted in a year, whereas in a large city it would meet with
a daily or hourly call. Its need has also been likened to the
payment of an insurance premium to a casualty insurance
company, so that in case of accident provision for care and
repair would be at hand. All the arguments go to show
that it would be in itself a desirable acquisition.
It is true that 22 different steamships, all too large for

116 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. ^Jan.

Simpson's dock, came to Boston in the aggregate 137 tiuies
in 1904 without meeting with an accident which made it\
necessary to dock for repairs ; and yet the risk was con-
stantly with them on every voyage, and will be with them
on every voyage they may hereafter make to this port.

It comes, therefore, to the question of whether it is wise
to spend the people's money for this purpose. To build a
graving dock 800 feet long would cost from a million to a
million and a half dollars. A masonry dock of that clas^s
would have a long life. The old one at the Charlestown
Navy Yard, after sixty-seven years, is in good conditioo,
and but small repairs have been needed. If fifty-year bonds
were issued for the larger sum, with interest coupons at 3
per cent., and about 1 per cent, for sinking fund, an annual
sum of 4 per cent., or $60,000, would be required to be
raised by taxation, less such net income as the dock might
earn. Any estimate of such net income would be purely
guess-work, and it would therefore be ^fe to assume there
would be none for the present, at least. The final question
then is, can the Commonwealth afford to pay $40,000 to
$60,000 a year for some part or the whole of the next fifty
years, with the hope of stimulating activity in the foreign
commerce of the port of Boston by supplying an adequate
depot for repairing the largest steamships so injured as to
be unable to return to the home port without making sub-
stantial repairs ?

While the investigation has evolved the issue into one
purely of ways and means, it has not satisfied this Board that
the probable use of a dry dock in the near future, or fcho
general advantages in the way of attracting additional foreign
commerce to this port, or the reduction of freight rates,
would warrant so large an expenditure of public money.

The appropriation under the resolve was $5,000 ; ex-
pended $435.50.

Appropriation for Survey and Improvement of

Harbors.

By chapter 2S of the Acts of 1903, an appropriation of
$10,000 was made for surveys of harbors and for improving
and preserving the same, and for repairing damages occa-

11^05.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11.

117

sioned by storms along the coast line or river banks of the
Commonwealth.

The following expenditures from this appropriation were
made in December, 1903, under the authority of section 9
of chapter 96 of the Revised Laws : —

Easlerlj- shore of Dorchester, fill 22

Connecticut River, Iladley, 442 87

Total $564 09

In 1904 the appropriation for the same purpose was
$5,000, from which sum expenditures have been made
during the year in the localities and to the amounts follow-
ing, viz. : —

Bass River, South Yarmouth,
Connecticut River, Agawam,
Connecticut River, Hadley,
Cotuit harbor, . . , ,
Easterly shore of Dorchester,
Oreen Harbor, ...
Lake Anthony, . . . ,
Menamsha Inlet, .
Red River, Chathana, ,
Vineyard Haven harbor, .
West Bay, Osterville, .
Weymouth Fore River, Quincy,
Witch mere harbor,

1148 09

11 86

2,611 74

188 78

82 42

71 66

11 35

119 56

81 42

234 97

426 74

11 20

63 25

Total,

$3,913 02

Harbor Compensation Fund.

There was paid into the treasury of the Commonwealth
daring the year, under chapter 146 of ^the Acts of 1897 and
chapter 96 of the Revised Laws, for tide water displaced by
^ork done under licenses granted by the Board and for
nghtsand privileges granted in tide waters and great ponds,
the sum of $8,125.86, which was credited to the harbor
compensation fund for Boston harbor. The amount in this
M on Nov. 30, 1904, was $424,749.39; the balance of
income from this fund in the treasury on the same date was
^^'^JT2.41 ; the total income for the year was $15,409.33.

118 HARBOR AND LAND COM'RS. [^Jan. 190/).

Commonavealth's Flats Improvement Fuwjy.

The balance in the Commonwealth's flats innprovement
fund on the first day of December, 1903, was $1,366,243.55.
To this has been added during the year $46,545.33 from the
income of the fund and $26,857.85 from sales and rents of
lands and other sources, making a total of $1,439,646.7^.
Of this sum there has been expended during the year $124,-
()32.06, leaving a balance on Nov. 30, 1904, of $1,313,-
014.67, subject to reduction for existing liabilities by reason
of the anchorage basin contracts under chapter 476 of the
Acts of 1901, and for contribution toward buildins: Xorthern
Avenue and bridge under section 4 of chapter 381 of the
Acts of 1903.

The foregoing report is respectfully submitted.

WOODWARD EMERY,
CHARLES C. DOTEN,
GEORGE E. SMITH,

Commissioners.
Dkc. 1, 1904.

APPENDIX.

[A.]

[See page 4 of this report, ante,]

CONTRACTS.
The contracts entered into during the year are as follows

Dec. 29. ^Witli Samuel N. Ames, Joseph P. Hallett and

Jehiel R. Crosby, for oonstructing a new en-
trance to £ast Bay, in Osterville, — amounting
to 16,674 10

Jan. 13. ¥Vith the Eastern Dredging Company, for dredg-
ing the westerly end of Bird Island shoal, nearly
opposite Pier 7, Grand Junction Wharves, East

Boston, — amounting to 8,604 90

Jan. 28. TVith the Bay State Dredging Company, for dredg-
ing a channel and anchorage basin in Dorchester
Bay, between Savin Hill and Commercial Point,

•^ amounting to 24,3d4;02

Feb. 2. With Charles H. Souther and John H. Gerrish, for
dredging channel at Bass River, in Beverly, in-
volving the expenditure by the Commonwealth
of 26,000 00

Feb. 26. With Thomas E. Ruggles, for building an exten-
sion to a pile wharf belonging to the Common-
wealth and leased to the Boston Molasses Com-
pany, on the South Boston flats, — amounting to . 4,800 00

April 4. With the Harries & Letteney Company, for dredg-
ing a channel at Wollaston Beach, in Quincy
Bay, — amounting to 7,000 00

April 8. With the Roxbury Central Wharf Company, for
dredging a channel across the southerly end of
South Bay, — amounting to .... 8,00000

Jane 2. With Kiely and Gleason, for building dikes on the

Connecticut River, at Hatfield, — amounting to . 4,302 60

122 HARBOR AND LAND COMMISSIONERS. [^Jan.

1004.

July 29. With Ruggles & Perkins, for removing rocks from

the entrance to Cotuit harbor, — amounting to . $1,837 OO

July 29. With John H. Gerrish, for dredging in Lake

Anthony, at Cottage City, — amounting to 8,3^1 87

Aug. 2. With Thomas & Connor, for building a timber
jetty at Bucks Creek, in Chatham, — amount-
ing to 858 00

Total. $93,272 39

IflOo.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 11. 123

[B.]

[See page 51 of this report, ante.]

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, PROVINCE

LANDS.

Fbotincktowm, Mass., Nov. 30, 1904.
To the Board of Harbor and Land Commissioners.

Gentlemen : — As superintendent of the Province Lands, I
respeclfally submit the following report for the year ending Nov.
30, 1904.

The work on these lands has been prosecuted substantially as in
former years, by the transplanting of beach grass and the planting
of young trees and shrubs.

The season's work began about the first of April, by transplant-
ing bay berry and other shrubs on those areas covered in former
years by the transplanting of beach grass. In addition to bay-
berry and other shrubs, about 12,000 young pines taken from the
nursery and adjacent woods, and about 30,000 European alders
imported for this work, have been placed. The latter, judging
from experiments made with it, will doubtless prove of value.
The above work was continued until about the middle of June,
when it was suspended until about the middle of September and
then resumed. The transplanting of beach grass and bayberry
was carried on until the 15th of November, covering during the
whole period about 80 acres, and extending the work eastward
from Grand View toward the eastern boundary line of the lands.

Id addition to the above work, necessary repairs have been made
CD the road, which extends across the lands a distance of 2 miles,
and, as it is built of sod and is much used by the public, especially
during the summer months, requires close watching and careful
attention. Its present condition is very satisfactory.

There is marked improvement from year to year in the condition
of the territory covered during the several seasons since the com-
mencement of operations, the various kinds of shrubs and trees
making very satisfactory growth, considering the barren condition
of the soil and the nature of the work. Since reclamation and
improvement was commenced, about 240 acres have been covered

124 HARBOE AXD LAND COM'RS. [Jan. 1905.

with beach grass ; and wherever this has been done it has stopped
the drifting of the sands, which were rapidly advancing upon the
wooded sections of the reservation lying between the sand dunes
and the town of Provincetown. Within the above area there hare
been introduced quite extensively various kinds of shrobs and
trees, which with careful attention and small expense ^will Bhow
gradual improvement from year to year until the area becomes per-
manently fixed.

About 75 acres of barren sand dunes still remain unreclaimed,
including the balance of the centre range and the many smalJ sec-
tions scattered throughout the reservation. This shoald receive
immediate attention, to stop the drift of sand thereon, as\he longer
these sections remain uncovered, the more extensive the area be-
comes and the faster the drift.

It is estimated that about three years from June, 1905, will be
sufficient time within which to reclaim the remaining area, and thus
place it in condition to withstand the effects of severe storms.

Much interest in the work is still manifested by the United States
Department of Agriculture, and J. M. Westgate of that depart-
ment, author of Bulletin No. 65 on ^^ Reclamation of Cape Cod
sand dunes," has spent much time in examining the plans and
methods adopted by the Commonwealth, and the results obtainea.

Respectfully submitted,

JAMES A. SMALL,
Superintendent of the Province Lands.

INDEX.

CoMMrssiONEKs' Report.

Anchotaget -

AnDiaqoam Biver, ... oo

AppTopriation for Survey and Improvement o£ Harbors 116

Bass Biver at Beverly,

Baas Biver at Sonth Yarmouth 47

Boston Harbor,

Boston Upper Harbor, dredging in, 10

Boston Terminal Company,

Commonwealth Flats at East Boston, • .... 26

Commonwealth Flats at South Boston, .14

Commonwealth Pier

C<Hnmonwealth's Flats Improvement Fund Hg

Connecticut Biver, un

Cotuit Harbor, %

Dorchester, dredging Easterly Shore of , • • . . ! ! ^ 12

I>orchester Bay

I>iyDock ^J

••••■. 77

^Mt Bay at Osterville, ^

Fall BiTer^omerset Bridge, 75

GweuHarbor,

Harbor Compensation Fund 117

Sections, M

^Ake Anthony. 40

Uoeuaes granted during the Year, q»

Massachusette Atlafl Sheets and Town Boundary Atlases, . ! . 64

Meetings. Hearings, etc., \ . 3

Menamaha Inlet, . . . ^ ! 4B

Metrimac Biver Harbor Line .27

Miscellaneous Permits granted during the Year, 66

Mystic River, . -27

Northern Avenue and Bridge, •....*!. ig

I^etitions denied and withdrawn, ««

ftoTince Lands, ...

o„. , ' 49

'<»J^cy, dredging Northerly Shore of, j3

or Bucks Creek, Chatham. ..... . . 34

126 INDEX.

PAOB

South Bay, .26

Stage Harbor, • .33

State Boundaries, .51

Town Boundary Survey, .52

United States, Work of, in Rivers and Harbors of the Commonwealth, . 68

Statement of Col. W. S. Stanton, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A..» . 69
Statement of Lieut.-Col. J. H. Willard, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., 72

Vineyard Haven Harbor, ,41

West Bay at Osterville, .37

Weymouth Fore River, .13

Witchmeie Harbor, • .35

Wrecks and Obstructions, .48

Appendix.

Contracts entered into during the Year, 121

Report of the Superintendent of the Province Lands, .... 123

PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

REPORT

COMMISSIONERS

FISHEEIES AND GAME

Year ending December 31, 1904.

BOSTON:

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Ofhce Squark.

1905.

appbotbd bt
Thb State Board of Publicatxom.

CON^TENTS.

Report.

FAOB

General considerations, 5

Appropriations, 5

What the State receives, 6

Salient features of the yearns work, 9

Ocean fisheries, 13

Notable features of the jear 18

Work of the United States Fisheries Bureau, .... 16

Shore weir and net fisheries, 20

Mackerel, 21

Pollock and whiting 21

Blnefish, herring, etc., 22

Canning, alewives, ete., 23

Capture of lant, 24

Weakfish 25

Horse mackerel, .......... 25

Dogfish, 26

Shore fisheir, 29

Pollock fishing, 30

Beam trawling 31

Otter trawling, 32

An epidemic among menhaden, 38

Shellfish or moHusk fisheries, ....*... 41

Injury to the shellfish industry by sewage pollution, ... 44

Lobster culture and lobster fishing, 45

The launch " Effret," 52

Work of the •' Egret," 54

Deep-sea fisheries, 58

Importance, 58

Disasters 60

Sobordination, etc., 64

Mackerel fishery 64

The bank cod fishery, 72

Shack fishing 77

Georges fishery, 80

The market fishery, 81

Inspection of fish, 82

Thehatching, rearing and distribution of game fish, .... 82

Appropriations, 82

Expansion 84

Oatpui of fish, 86

Frog rearing 88

The work of distribution, 89

Work at the hatcheries, 90

List of ponds stocked 101

^bat ponds shall be stocked, 102

^Wers stocked 109

Examination of ponds 109

Massapoag Lake, Sharon, 110

Upper Shawme Pond, Sandwich, 110

4 CONTENTS.

The hatching, rearing and distribution of game fish — Canehided.

Examination of ponds — Concluded. fagc

Long Pond, Plymouth, .110

Great South Pond, Plymouth, .111

Ponkapog Pond, Milton, 112

Turtle Pond, Hyde Park, 112

Hoosicwhisick Pond, Milton, .112

Sheep Pond, Brewster, .113

Baker^s Pond, Orleans, .113

Goose Pond, Chatham, . lU

Dean town Pond, Attleborough, .114

Farmers and Mechanics Pond, Attleborough, . . .114

Crystal Lake, Haverhill, . . : lU

Gr^t Pond, North Andover, 115

Pearl Lake, or Whiting Pond, Wrentham, 115

Archers Pond, Wrentham, 116

Baddacook Pond, Groton, 117

Crystal Lake, Gardner, 117

Lake Quannapowitt, Wakefield, 118

Packard Pond, Orange, 119

Pottapaug Pond, Dana, ...... . .119

Neck Pond, Barnstable, 120

Michaels Pond, Barnstable, . . . ~ . . -. . .121

Grigsons Pond, Barnstable, . ' ,121

Mortality of fish in ponds, 121

Fishwa^s 123

Prevention of Aream pollution by sawdust, 126

Pollution by acids, 126

Pond and brook fishing, . 126

Birds and mammals, game birds, 127

Breeding: game birds and mammals, 131

Ruffed grouse, 131

At Winchester . . .134

Pheasants, 134

Belgian hares, 1S5

At Sutton 186

Pheasants, 186

Belgian hares, 1S8

The fish and game laws and their enforcement, 141

Report of chief deputy, 146

Trout fishing, 147

Game birds 147

Small game, W^

Deer, 147

Summary of arrests and convictions, ' 150

New legislation, 1'50

Courtesies, 156

Obituary, — Capt Joseph W. Collins, 161

Personnel of the commission, . ' 168

Appendix.

A. List of commissioners of the various States, 171

B. Distribution of food fish, 177

C. Distribution of pheasants, 1^*^

D. Distribution of Belgian hares, ^^^

E. Arrests and convictions, 187

F. Legislation, Acts of 1904, 199

G. Statistics, 210

Comnuinfoedt^ of W^BButl^mtttn*

To H%» Bxeeliency the Qovemor and ihe Honorable Council,

The Commissioners on Fisheries and Game respectfully sub-
mit their thirty-ninth annual report.

General Considerations.

Appropriations. — The amount appropriated for the conduct
of the various branches of the commission's work during the
current year was $39,635. Beference is made to the report of
the Auditor of the Commonwealth for details relating to the
disbursement of the money appropriated.

The assignment of funds for different purposes was desig-
nated by law as follows : $5,630 for compensation of the com-
missioners; $2,050 for travel and incidental expenses of the
commissioners, including the printing of the annual report,
office supplies, etc. ; $780 for clerical services ; $23,375 for
enforcement of laws, the propagation and distribution of fish,
birds and animals, and for running expenses, rent and main-
tenance of hatcheries ; $500 for stocking ponds ; $300 for
stocking brooks under special act ; and $7,000 for the protec-
tion of lobsters with eggs attached.

The increase from last year in the larger item of the appro-
priation of $4,930 is due to a recognition of the growing
demands of the public upon the commission for work com-
ing under this particular classification. The appropriation of
17,000 to enable the commission to procure a launch and take
other necessary measures for the protection, by purchase or
otherwise, of egg-bearing lobsters, was wholly due to a popular
demand for such an effoi*t to be made by the State. With
these exceptions, and a slight increase in the allowance for
printing the annual report, which was insufficient, the other
items of the appropriations remain the same as they have been
for several years past.

8 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

appropriation made for the commission. The adoption of some
of the other suggestions has abeady led to important improve-
ments in actual earnings. Ohanges that are liable to occur
shortly will probably add millions of dollars annually to the
income from the sea fisheries of the State.

This statement may not appear visionary, when it is now
history that the recent remarkable improvement in our ocean-
going fishing vessels, whereby life has been made safer to a
wonderful degree, and the earnings have increased to an extent
that seems little short of marvellous, was due to the sug'gestion
and example of a member of the commission. The fact that
Massachusetts has been able, in recent years, to maintain her
position as the premier State in the sea fisheries, is in no small
paii; due to tiie improved condition of her fishing fleet. If«
instead of dreading disaster from foundering in gales, as was
often the case in former days, the fishermen of the present have
no occasion for anxiety in the open sea, and make their way
safely against fierce gales ; if, instead of a maximum yearly
earning of $10,000 or $12,000 twenty or thirty years ago, it is
now common for the high-line fishing schooners to make annua/
stocks ranging from $25,000 to $50,000; if the numbers of
widowed women and fatherless children, due to losses of men
in our fisheries, have been materially decreased, — then there
is reason for satisfaction in what has been done to improve our
fishing craft. It is likewise a fact that the profitable and im-
portant halibut fishery now prosecuted from this State in the
Pacific ocean — a fishery that yields an annual return exceeding
$1,000,000, and which is increasing — was established largely
because of a suggestion by the same member of the commission.
The suggestion is part of the written history of the fisheries.

All this and much more that might be added suggests the
possibilities open to a properly conducted department of this
kind. It may have the opportunity to return to the public ia
value many fold what it receives.

There is also reason why we should not be oblivious to mat-
ters that are not perhaps so intimately and clearly related to
finance. It surely cannot be a valueless service to a State like
this, the renown of which is world-wide, that her majesty f^nd
honor gain additional lustre because of the better enforcement

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUIVIENT — No. 25. 9

of her laws ; that the administration of her government is in
this regard more highly respected than ever before ; and that
information resi)ecting matters we have to deal with has been
distributed liberally, promptly and widely.

It is, however, for others to determine if the annual saving
of millions, the earning of other additional thousands or mil-
lions by our citizens, or other results from our work, supply
satisfactory evidence that it pays.

Salient Features of the Year's Work. — There has been no

halting in the effort to enlarge our work in every direction

where improvement or expansion appeared necessary. In rare

eases — we believe in only one particular — obstacles that were

m<urmountable prevented material advance. In every other

undertaking gratifying success has been obtained, although it

must be confessed that it was secured only because of personal

consecration to the work on the part of the commissioners, that

admitted of no relaxation for one of them and only one week

for the other for the entire year. In other chapters the results

will be set forth in greater detail ; here it is intended to make

only a brief allusion to them.

A new record has been made in breeding and distributing
&ti, including fingerlings.

We have been less successful than last year in breeding
pheasants, due to causes that were unpreventable.

Additional attempts to breed game birds have been made.
In one important instance success was attained in a direction
heretofore deemed impossible. The rearing in confinement of
well-developed, mature ruffed grouse is the first well-authenti-
cated instance we know where this has been accomplished by
any official agency in the country. (See jtage 131.) If future
experience demonstrates the feasibility of breeding from birds
of this species, itiised in confinement and kept within artificial
enclosures, a problem of great scientific and economic value
will have been solved.

The obtainment of a launch, the ** Egret," of suitable size
and proper equipment for collecting egg-bearing lobsters, is an
attempt in a new direction to prevent the commercial exter-
mination in our waters of the most valuable crustacean known
toman. The proper provision made for this by the Legisla-

10 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

ture and for the purchase of egg-bearing lobsters evidences an
earnest public desire to prevent further depletion of the species.
The work accomplished in the brief time the launch was in
commission, after her completion, fully demonstrated her fit-
ness and her future possibilities in this direction, when she will
have an entire season to carry on her operations. ( See pag^e 54. )

The results accomplished by the launch * ' Scoter " in the
enforcement along the coast of the fish and game la^vs (see
page 145) are sufficient evidence of the wisdom of providing
such an accessory for our law-enforcing work.

There has not been the slightest indication of any desire on
the part of fish packers to resume official inspection of fish.
(See page 82.)

The collection of certain fishery statistics has been prose-
cuted as usual. (See Appendix G.)

The lack of available information upon certain of our shore
fisheries, notably the shellfish or moUusk fisheries, is a remark-
able instance of neglect of important industries, because of the
continuance of old-time conditions, that will be more fully dis-
cussed in another chapter. The time seems to have arrived
when it should be determined if it is wise for a. State so cele-
brated as Massachusetts is for its learning, wisdom and good
government, to longer continue old colonial conditions that
practically shut out from official care or consideration indus-
tries of large economic and scientific consequence.

Many inquiries have come to this department from distant
States and foreign countries respecting our fisheries ; in one
case at least an official delegation was sent from a foreign land
to prosecute a personal inquiry. It is an occasion for satisfac-
tion that the publication in Germany of extensive extracts
from one of our reports, together with illustrations, resulted
in the sending of experts from that country to study the fish-
eries of this State. Inquiries have also been made on behalf
of the Italian government. Assistance and information were
freely given, so far as practicable, but no satisfactory descrip-
tion of the shellfish fisheries was available, and consequently it
was impossible to fully supply the data sought for.

We have continued to give such assistance as we could to
scientists and scientific institutions, and have received in

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No, 25. 11

return suggestioas and information of value to the commis-
sion in the prosecution of its work.

For the first time in the history of this department the com-
mission has had a salaried biologist on its staff, — one who has
given his attention to various matters of public interest. The
limitations placed upon the annual report, however, preclude
the possibility of the publication of papers on any industrial
subject sufficiently full and complete to make them really in-
structive and helpful to the public.

We regret the demise of Mr. Thorndike Nourse, who, we

are informed, died within the current year in ^France. He

has been a long-time correspondent of this commission, and,

at oar instance, has actively interested himself in creating a

demand in France for American cod roe. Through his efforts

the price of this product of our fisheries advanced materially,

greatly *to the advantage of our fishermen, who would have

profited much more than they have done except for the unusual

absence of the sardines from the French coast for the past two

vears or thereabouts.

Notwithstanding the money available for travel was more
limited than ever before, due to extraordinary demands else-
where, and despite the time required for the procurement,
outfitting and trial of a new launch, the field work — exam-
ination of ponds, rivers, brooks, sawmills, dams, etc. — was
prosecuted with a result equ&l to any heretofore obtained.
In some respects it materially exceeded the highest record
attained.

Incident to the field work — indeed, a part of it — has been
the examination of various sites that were alleged to be suit-
able for a first-class fish hatchery ; for it is increasingly evident
that the public demands for fingerling trout and landlocked
salmon cannot possibly be met with the means now available
to the commission.

No effort has been made to increase the natural history or
other collections illustrative of our work, or to add to our ref-
erence library, for the simple reason that there is little or no
room for specimens or books. Such slight additions as have
been made have been the result of pressure, rather than of
seeking on our part. Meantime, lack of room prevents the

12 FISH AND GAME. * [Dec.

State from profiting through the generosity of prospective
givers, and likewise prevents proper care of material already
acquired.

The question of inadequate office room, in which no change
has occurred, was so fully discussed in our last report that ex-
tensive mention here seems uncalled for. We cannot believe
it is wise or advisable to stifle or retard the development of a
commission through lack of proper quarters, but there is not
at present any apparent remedy in sight for the conditions
now existing.

Each year^hows a growing demand upon the commission
for information of various kinds more or less closely associated
with our work. The success heretofore attained in supplying
facts, service or material, relating to our work or as a part ot
our official duties, has apparently led to increased confidence
on the part of the public in our ability to meet all reasonable
demands, and has caused a consequent increase in demands
which have at times taxed our resources to the limit to meet.
To the extent of our ability we have most cheerfully complied
with every demand, and there is gratification in feeling that it
has been our high privilege to satisfactorily serve the public
in these particulars. The fact that we have had to seek infor-
mation, and even to procure drawings, from foreign countries
to meet the requirements of our citizens is an additional cause
for gratification, especially if what was done aids in the pro-
curement of more satisfactory conditions in the affairs most
intimately concerned.

There is a continuously increasing demand for the documents
issued by the commission, especially in the matter of annual
reports and pamphlets or posters containing fish and game
laws. We can repeat with emphasis that which we said last
year: ** Compliance with it is a matter of public necessity."
We have gone to the extreme limit of our resources, or
beyond, in our effort to supply this demand ; but the best we
have been able to do only demonstrates the fact that what
seemed ample a year ago is insufficient now. Besides this,
the cost of printing is increasing, and the money that would
accomplish requisite results of this kind heretofore will no
longer suffice for the same purpose.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 13

There has been a continuous development in recent years in
the law-enforcing effort, and in perfecting the organized sal-
aried force for actively prosecuting this work. As a result, it
can >«fely be stated that never before in the history of the
commission has there been available so highly organized and
efficient a force as now, and never before 'has such effective
work been accomplished in the enforcement of the fish and
crame laws. We simply take the number of arrests and con-
Yietions as the sole standard for consideration. This is all the
more remarkable, in view of the fact that in some regions of
considerable extent violations have been reduced to a mini-
mum,— an additional evidence of the satisfactory enforcement
of law. The increasing popularity of this effort is indicated
anmistakably by the large numbers of men of varying trades
and professions who have sought appointments as unsalaried
deputies ; their desire to see the fish and game properly pro-
tected has apparently been their only motive in seeking such
an office.

As will be seen in succeeding chapters, the commission has
andertaken preliminary studies of some matters which may
lead to a more complete utilization of our interior water re-
sources, or which otherwise invite attention to information
helpful to our citizens.

Ocean Fisheries.

Xotable Features of the Year, — Perhaps the phenomenal
scarcity of the dogfish {Squalus acanthias) on the fishing
grounds frequented by our market fishing vessels, and in the
waters bordering this State, has been one of the most remark-
able features of the sea fisheries in a century. It is all the
more noteworthy because at the last session of the Massachu-
setts Legislature a resolution was passed, calling upon the
Congress of the United States to * ' protect the food fish of our
coast from these sharks or dogfish." This action was due to
an abnormal abundance of dogfish during the previous year,
a continuance of which, with the conse(iuent harmful influence
ou the fisheries, was dreaded ; nevertheless, the action of the
Legislature has probably seldom, if ever, been paralleled so
fw as the fisheries are concerned.

14 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

The excessively cold winter at the beginning of the year was
out of the ordinary, and, aside from the consequent increase
of hardship and suffering to the fishermen, it had a marked
influence upon certain branches of fishery prosecuted in mid-
winter. Not only were vessels frozen in port, but they were
sometimes exposW to peril because of being caught in ice
fields or newly frozen ice outside of harbors. Instances of men
freezing to death in their boats were not unknown, and alto-
gether the fishermen were exposed to unusual interference and
dangers .

The year has been noteworthy for a remarkably small catc*h
of cod on the banks, and especially on the eastern iishing
grounds.

The large catches of shad in Ipswich Bay are said to have
been unprecedented in that region.

The establishment of cold-storage warehouses on T wharf,
Boston, by some of those dealing in fresh fish, appears to be
an important progressive step in the fresh-fish trade.

The year has seen many additions of first-class sailinor vessels
to the ocean-going fishing fleet. The number added to the
Boston market fleet has been larger than common, and, as a
rule, the schooners have been large and of superior designs.

No steamer of considerable size has been employed in the
Atlantic deep-sea food fish fishery, although small steamei-s and
naphtha boats have been added to the inshore fishing fleet.
The loss of the " Alice M. Jacobs " at Newfoundland near the
close of 1903 detained her owner and master, Capt. SolomozJ
Jacobs, so long in looking after the wreck and settling affairs
incident thereto that there was no time to build another steamer
before the opening of the spring fishery. What the future will
bring remains to be seen.

It is remarkable that the whiting or silver hake {MerlncJm
biHnearis) , which formerly was a waste fish and was thrown
away as of no value, has recently become one of the most im-
portant species taken in the Cape Cod weirs. While it is
cheap in price, it is usually abundant, and the extensive sale
of it has been an important factor in the weir fishery. Those
prominently identified with this fishery have stated tliat the
conditions this year were such that, except for the income

1004,] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 15

resulting from the sale of the whiting, the industry could not
have been profitably pursued. In late October it was the only
product of any consequence that was being taken in the weirs
tit North Truro and vicinity.

It is difficult to get at the exact amount of whiting that have

been saved and sold, for the reason that they come under th^

head of '* other fish " in the returns submitted by the fishermen.

This is due to the fact that the species was of little consequence

as a factor in the shore fisheries until very recent years. From

what information comes to us, however, it seems probable that

the total amount marketed largely exceeds that of last year,

when 2,500 barrels were frozen at Truro and Provincetown

to\vai'd the close of the season, and when, according to expert

information that came to us after the publication of our report,

the aggregate quantity of this species sold was fully 14,000

barrels.

We are advised that the price of whiting is considerably
influenced by the large quantities of this species taken on the
New Jersey coast and frozen in refrigerators. Being near the
great metropolitan markets of New York and Philadelphia,
the New Jersey fishermen not only are able to supply much
of the demand, but they can command for their product a larger
price than the more distant fishermen on our own coast can
secure. The whiting is a species which is peculiarly depend-
ent upon prompt transportation and nearness to markets, when
sold fresh; hence the advantage of New Jersey over Massa-
chusetts in this particular.

The utilization for l>ait of large quantities of the sand eel or
lant (Ammodytes amertcanua) by the off-shore fishing vessels
is an innovation, and one which has proved largely advanta-
geous to the fishermen. These little fish, which are well known
to be a favorite food for the cod and allied species, occur in
great abundance in Gape Cod Bay at certain seasons. In the
spring quantities of them are taken in the weirs or pound nets.
Because of their size and eel-like shape they pack together
very closely, consequently a certain number of barrels of them
will go farther for bait purposes than the same quantity of fish
of other species. For this reason, and also because they are
attractive to the cod, they make desirable bait. The addition

16 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

of this species to our native bait resources is a matter of some
moment, for when it is obtainable at home in large quantities,
as it has been this year, and our fishermen have learned, to util-
ize and appreciate it, we are to that extent increasingly inde-
pendent so far as a Imit supply is concerned.

The attempt of the authorities of the United States Treasury
Department to collect revenue on the brine in which foreign-
caught fish were imported into this country was one of those
incidents which showed a startling lack of information con-
cerning fish and fisheries on the part of government officials.
While this decision more directly affected trade in imported
fish products, and might not be seriously considered by those
not directly interested in such commerce, the dense ig-noranee
of the fisheries indicated by such action suggests how these in-
dustries may at "any time be menaced or even seriously injured
because of lack of information. It is inconceivable that ,brine,
which has no food value, should have had a tariff assessed upon
it, — an action never before taken since the art of curing fish
with salt was discovered by a Dutchman hundreds of years ago.
The protests of the press and people soon corrected the mis-
take, however, for the decision was promptly revoked, when
it was seen that a grave injustice had been done to those prora-
inentlv concerned in fish trade.

Although the year may not justly be considered a success-
ful one, when considered from the standpoint of the aggregate
quantities of fish landed, and while the yield of certain impor-
tant fisheries has been considerably less than the average, the
earnings have been fair, and those of some of the vessels have
been large, if not extraordinary.

Work of the United States Fisheries Bureau. — At the
opening of the fiscal year, beginning July 1, 1903, the United
States Fish Commission which, since its organization in 1871,
had been an independent and unattached bureau of the federal
government, became a part of the Department of Commerce
and Labor, and its official title was changed ; it is now known
as the United States Bureau of Fisheries. There has been
no change, however, in its functions or belongings. As a
consequence, the two important fish hatcheries of the United
States on the coast of this State continue without change the

li*04.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 17

efforts heretofore made to increase the sea species of food fish
and crustaceans off our shores. Thus the annual planting of
millions of fry in our waters, which has been of yearly occur-
i-ence, still goes on. According to detailed statements fur-
nished by Upn. George M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of
Fish and Fisheries, the aggregate output of fish and lobster fry
firom the two stations for 1904 has been 416,179,000, which
exceeds the production of 1903 by 20,891,000. The increase
is wholly in lobster fry, for there is a falling off of 31,838,000
fry in the production of fishes. But, while the entire yield
of fish fry went into our waters, as will be seen, the plant of
lobster fry along our coasts was considerably less than half the
output, being 42,942,000, as compared with 63,940,000 that
went into the waters of the neighboring States, from which the
egg-bearing lobsters had been mostly obtained. The total out-
put of fry in the waters of this State was 352,239,000, which
was 13,677,000 less than was planted off our shores in 1903
from the same stations. Of this amount, 79,455,000 were cod,
228,272,000 were flatfish, 1,246,000 were pollock, 324,000
were mackerel and 42,942,000 were lobsters.

The production of cod fry was even less than in 1903, which
was much below the average. This result must justly be
attributed to the unusual severity of the weather during the
cod-hatching season in the early part of 1904. The winter of
1903-04 has rarely been equalled for long-continued cold and
t^evere gales. These conditions not only made it difficult to
fish on the in-shore grounds, but even when the fist were
caught the extreme temperature was liable to chill and kill
the eggs, while frozen harbors brought all the difficulties of
frozen-in fleets, anchor frosts and the consequent death of adult
gravid fish held in confinement until their eggs would be avail-
able.

The result of hatching flatfish of various species was but a
little short of that of the year previous. It is only necessary
to repeat that the work is timely, and may be of large conse-
quence in securing the continuance of the abundance of species
which are now beginning to attract the attention they are justly
entitled to.
The hatching of pollock, which was apparently not prose-

18 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

cated in 1903, has received some attention this year. On the
other hand, tautog, soup and sea bass, more or less of which
were artificially propagated in 1903, do not appear to have
been hatched in 1904, so far as the returns show. The output
of mackerel fry, however, although small, exceed^ that of last
year by a few thousands.

The aggregate yield of lobster fry exceeds anything accom-
plished in recent years, and the number planted ia the waters
of this State is the larofest for some time. This is due to
various reasons. In the first place, the facilities for collecting
egg-bearing lobsters have been increased materially, es]>ecia]iy
on the coast of Maine, and long experience in the ^vork has
brought more satisfactory results. By authority of law, the
Commission on Sea and Shore Fisheries of Maine has heartily
co-operated with the United States Fisheries Bureau in the
collection of egg-bearing lobsters, thereby increasing the sup-
ply of available eggs for propagation. Inasmuch as all these
eggs had to come to the hatcheries at Woods Hole and Glouces-
ter for incubation, and also because more or less egg-bearing
lobsters were shipped to the Boston dealers from Nova Scotia
in the course of trade, but were sold to the Fisheries Biu-eau,
the ordinary receipts of lobster eggs were much enlarged, with
a consequent greater output of fry. The following tabulated
statement, furnished by the Bureau of Fisheries, shows in detail
and with exactness the number of fry of each species, includ-
ing the lobster, planted in the coast waters of this State, and
the points along the coast where they were liberated : * —

* This statement does not inclade the distribution of lobsters along the coasts of
Maine and New Hampshire, — almost wholly in Maine waters, — since tho^te data
properly belong elsewhere.

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

Statement of Sea Fish and LobaUrs hatched and planted in Matsachuutts
Waters by the Oloueester and Woods Bole Stations of the United Slates
Fiaherie* Bureau, during the Fiscal Fear ending June 30, 1904.

8PXCI84 AND DXBPOBITIOM.

Fry.

Cod.

Atlantic Ocean, Gloucester, Mass.,

35,376,000

Yineyard Sound, off Tarpaulin Cove, Mass., ....

2-4,076,000

Vineyard Sound, off Jobs Neck, Mass.,

4,363,000

Yineyard Sound, off Lackeys Bay, Mass., ....

1.002,000

Yineyard Sound, off Woods Hole, Mass.,

687,000

Woods Hole Great Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., .

12,368.000

Eel Pond, Woods Hole, Mass.,

822.000

Buzzards Bay, off Weepecket Island, Mass., ....

1,876,000

Flatfish,

79,466,000

Great Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass.,

63,476,000

Great Harbor, Falmouth, Mass.,

86,723,000

Eel Pond, Woods Hole, Mass.,

926,000

Woods Hole Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., .

2,097,000

Atlantic Ocean, Gloucester, Mass.,

124,616,000

Waqooit Bay, Waquoit, Mass.,

3,349,000

Buzzards Bay, off Weepecket Island, Mass., ....

8,086,000

Pollock,

228,272,000

Atlantic Ocean, Gloucester, ^f ass.,

1.246,000

Mackerel,

Woods Hole Great Harbor, Falmouth, Mass.,

136,000

Yineyard Sound, Falmouth, Mass.,

189,000

Lobster,

324,000

Atlantic Ocean, Gloucester, Mass.,

22,360,000

Atlantic Ocean, Manchester, Mass.,

3,460,000

AtlanUc Ocean, Rockport, Mass.,

3,660,000

Atlantic Ocean, Marblehead, Mass.,

1,400,000

Atlantic Ocean, Beverly, Mass.,

1,100,000

Atlantic Ocean, LanesTille, Mass.,

800,000

Vineyard Sound, Falmouth, Mass.,

2,088,000

20 FISH AND GAME. [Dec,

Stalement of Sea Fish and Lobsters hatched^ etc. — Concladed.

SrxciBs AKD Disponnov.

Fry.

Woods Hole Great Harbor, Falmouth, Mass.,
Buzzards Bay, Falmouth, Mass.,
Buzzards Bay, Gk>sDoId, Mass.,
Hadley Harbor, Gosnold, Mass.,
Ipswich Bay, Newburyport, Mass., .

1,979,000

5.033,000

867,000

215,000

500,000

42,932,000

The fry of fresh water species obtained by this commission

from the Bm*eau of Fisheries for stocking interior waters are

mentioned in detail elsewhere. But, aside from these, the

hundreds of millions of young fish put into our coast waters

is a work which deserves consideration on the part of those so

largely engaged in the commercial fisheries as are the citizens of

this State. Indeed, whatever tends to maintain or increase the

supply of available food that can be taken from the water is a

matter of no small moment to all, and is worthy of considerate

attention.

Shore^ Weir and Net Fisheries,

The beginning of the year was a time of anxiety for the
weir fishermen of Cape Cod. Those who had left their nets
in the water the previous winter occasionally made catches of
herring which yielded a profit ; inasmuch as the weather was
not severe, and there was little ice going, no great risk \\as
incurred. The result encouraged a repetition of this venture
this year. But the conditions met with differed materiallj
from those of the year before. Temperatures ran low early in
the winter, and at the very first of the year ice had formed ex-
tensively in Cape Cod Bay, and menaced the existence of the
weirs which had not been taken up. A Provincetown despatch,
published in the Boston ** Herald " of Jan. 17, 1904, said: —

Weirman are working like horses to-day, getting netting and poles
from the sea at the east end of the harbor with all speed ; for the
great ice floe that has lain at the head of Cape Cod Bay the

1004.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 21

•

fortnight has cat loose from its sandy dock, and is slowly forging
hithervrard along the Truro shore. Already it is abreast the south
poriion of that township, covering the waters where weirs and scows
were maintained until a couple of weeks ago, and, pushed by a fresh-
ening soother, is fast approaching Provincetown, threatening to
demolish such big fishing weirs as are standing to-night.

The result of this condition was to suddenly eliminate the
winter fishing with fixed apparatus of this kind, and the con-
tiuued severity of the weather did not admit of any premature
baildiug of weirs in the spring.

^tackereh — The continued absence of the mackerel from
in-shore waters, or at least the absence of large bodies of fish of
this species, while remarkable, is only an additional evidence
of the well-known habits of a species noted always for its un-
reliability. Why it left the waters where it could be captured
in weirs, pound nets or gill nets set near the land, the wisest can
only conjecture ; why it has stayed away so long is a matter
of pure speculation; and when it will return in-shore in its
old-time abundance none can tell. We are aware that ' ' ex-
planations " are in evidence and predictions are not wanting,
but such have never been lacking under such circumstances ;
they may be reasonable, but they are generally far otherwise.
The few mackerel that have been taken in weirs, etc., are only
a suggestion of what may sometime happen ; but when, no one
can tell.

Pollock and Whiting. — A marked feature of the weir fish-
ery this year has been the larger captures of pollock and
whiting. Both of these species are exceedingly voracious,
and their pursuit of smaller fish takes them in-shore and natur-
ally makes them liable to capture in the weir§, as pound nets
are termed at Cape Cod, As already stated, the whiting has
recently become of large consequence, and the prosperity of
the weir fishermen now seems to depend somewhat upon the
capture of a species formerly considered scarcely worth saving,
or that was actually thrown away.

Capt. Atkins Hughes, who has the general management of
the pound nets at North Truro, writing on July 14 in relation
to the catch of the weirs in that vicinity, said, among other
things : " The stock of the weirs in Truro and Provincetown

22 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

up to this time has been an average one, but it has been mostly
for pollock and whiting."

In view, too, of the feet that it is not so long ago since the
horse mackerel was looked upon as unfit for food, it is some-
what gratifying to be informed that two medium-sized fish ot
this species which were taken on June 25 in the Cape Cod weirs
and shipped to New York were sold for $43.50, — an indica-
tion of the position which this species now occupies in the food
fish market.

Again, in a letter received Oct. 18, 1904, he stated that:
"The larger part of the stock was from pollock and whiting.
. . . at present whiting is the only fish being caught here."

We know from pei*sonal observation that the whiting is
commonly served to the guests of the Cape Cod hotels under
the name of perch, although it is vastly superior as a pan fish
to any perch in our waters.

It was also learned that the demand for the whiting this year
was far in excess of anything in previous years, and that prac-
tically the entire catch of this species now meets with a ready
sale. Information was obtained of several shipments of pickled
salt whiting put up in barrels similar to mackerel. These were
sent to one of the southern States, from which at least three or
more successive orders had been received, the combined orders
aggregating several hundred barrels. At the time of the late
chairman's visit a Gloucester schooner lay in the harbor of
Provincetown, and was daily receiving and curing whiting for
a firm in Gloucester, prominently identified with the smoked
fish trade. The fish were sold by the weirmen as they came
from the water for $1 per barrel, but so great was the catcli
that the money obtained for them constituted a considerable
percentage of the receipts of the weirmen. One who was
prominently identified with weir fishing said that: "Except
for this whiting and what we get for it, we could not now
carry on the weir fishery with profit."

Bluejish, Herring^ etc. — According to Captain Hughes,
there have been no bluefish taken in the weirs, although they
have been abundant elsewhere ; only a few butterfish were
caught, and the take of sea herring was the smallest for many
years.

The failure to make the average capture of bluefish in fixed

1IM14.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 23

apparatus, contrasted with the reports of unusual abundance
of this fish at Nantucket and other near-by localities, would
appear remarkable if the scarcity or absence in one place and
plentiAiIness in another were not fio completely in harmony
with the well-known habits of this particular species. Simi-
lar examples of unexplained phenomena in connection with the
bluetish could be cited, practically without limit ; but all |)hat
is proved thereby is the lack of knowledge of its migratory
habits, and the impossibility of controlling or of accurately
forecasting its appearance in any particular locality.

As an example of the presence of bluefish on some sections
of the coast of this State, the following despatch from Nan-
tucket, on July 18, 1904, published in the Boston ** Herald"
on the following day, may be quoted : —

To-day has been one of the greatest bluefishing days in the history
of NaDtncket, and sportsmen, hand liners, seiners and steamers all
bave reaped a bountifal harvest. The total day's catch is upward of
1,500 fish, the largest fare being 840, made by two dories manned by
John P. Taber, Asa F. Meigs, Clinton' Orpin and Edward Whiden,
who made the big catch inside of three hours. The fishing continued
long after dark.

Bluefish also appear to have been in Buzzards Bay in con-
siderable numbei*s this year, and catches much larger than
common in recent years were made. This return of the blue-
fish to the waters of that section of the State, after almost a
complete absence, is exceedingly gratifying.

Canning Alewives^ etc. — While on a trip to Cape Cod the late
chairman had an opportunity to visit a canning establishment
^t. Provincetown, where he learned that considerable business
^u being done in canning alewives, of the species commonly
caWed *<kyacks" by the fishermen, that were caught in the
local weirs, and taken to the packing establishment each morn-
ing. These are labelled as ' ' mackerel " and * ' trout, " which
IB a misrepresentation of the species ; but, as the fish are packed
^hen in the very best condition, they make a very palatable
and desirable food, which can be placed on the market at a
^nimam price, and for that reason such products are valuable
^ people of moderate means.

24 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

In this connection it is important to note that tbe Dominion
government, in addition to subsidizing three plants for ren-
dering fish offal and dogfish, have started also an experimen-
tal station* for catching anfl curing herring after the Scottish
fashion. This work is under direct charge of Mr. John Cowie,
the Scottish herring expert, and his staff of trained herring
curqrs. The government bought in Yarmouth, Eng. , for this
purpose, the steam drifter '^Thirty-three," for use in active
operations to determine whether Canadian herring can be cured
to equal Scottish herring, which are now the favorite in the
American markets. The steam drifter is fitted with all the
appliances used in the North Sea. She will be used to catch
herring all along the Nova Scotia coast, and the fish will be
cured at Canso. If this experiment proves successful, it will
add at least a million dollars to the annual value of Nova
Scotia's herring catch, on account of the improved methods of
treating fish, and thus making them equal in price to Scottish
herring.

Capture of Lant, — As* already stated, there has been a
marked change in the catch of the weirs, as will appear in the
statistical tables, to which reference is made for details.

Among the innovations in the weir fishery there have been
few of greater consequence than the capture of large quantities
of the lant or sand eel for bait, to be used by the schooners
engaged in the deep-sea fisheries. As indicative of the extent
to which these little fish are caught at Cape Cod and their
value for bait, we quote the following extracts from a letter
written to the late chairman on June 24, 1904, by Mr. W.
Irving At wood of Boston, who is largely interested in weir
fishing. He said : —

Some little time ago I was talking with yoa in regard to the catch-
ing of sand eels in the traps at ProvlDcetown and using them foi^
bait. I have been able to get the amount of eels caught by three
of the traps at Provincetov^n during the months of April and May,
1904. The trap which we will term No. 1, caught 390 barrels ; No.
2, 350 barrels ; No. 3, 275 barrels ; making a grand total of 1,015
barrels.

When you consider the fact that one barrel of eels is the equal
[for bait purposes] of three barrels of herring, you can see the enor-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 25

moas benefit that eels have been to the fishing vessels. A single
baiting of eight or ten barrels of sand eels will, in three days' time,
catch fish enough for the vessels to stock $800 to SI, 500 each. Many
of oar fishermen at Provincetown realize that, owing to the scarcity of
herring, had there been no sand eels the entire [deep sea] spring
fishery would have been a total failure ; where, as the fact stands to-
day, many of them have made the best spring's work that they have
had for years.

We are also informed by these same fishermen that usually when
they Qse herring they are unable to catch a trip of fish, on account of
that pest of all the fishermen, the dogfish ; but that in using the sand
eels the dogfish trouble them very little. Sand eels are now making
& reputation for themselves in the haddock fishery, but are not con-
sidered as good bait as the herring in the cod fishery.

Weakfish, — The continued abundance of the weakfish or
s<\ueteague on the northern coast of this State is one of those
anexplainable phenomena of which the migratory species of
fisUes furnish so many examples. How long it may remain
plentiful can only be conjectured, and its sudden departure, in
whole or in part, is one of those events which may occur at
any time.

Horse Mackerel. — The horse mackerel, which has not been
plentiful as usual for the past two or three years, appeared this
vear in considerable numbers, but its stay was fluctuating.
Periods of abundance were followed by days or weeks when
no fish of this species were caught or seen. We had personal
mdence of this. Horse mackerel were reported plentiful
about the middle of July. As indicative of this, the following
item, Avhich appeared in the Boston '' Globe " of July 22, 1904,
shows that the market was overstocked with this species : —

Horse mackerel are not only fiooding the market, but the fishermen
complain that they are driving blue fish, weakfish and mackerel out of
tile bay. The huge fish is a lightning swimmer, and, with its euor-
ID0Q8 capacity and voracious appetite, is never satisfied, and will
tlean up a good part of a medium-sized school of mackerel at a feed-
^H' No small or medium fish that is alive is refused by the horse
Diackerel when on a search for food.

^bolesale dealers are obliged to keep them on hand, as the demand
for game Gsh is increasing. They are expensive fish to keep, how-

26 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

ever, as they contain a great deal of oil, and spoil quickly, even when
kept well covered with ice. Experienced dealers say that no fish
received in this market uses up ice in such quantities as the horse
mackerel.

The late chairman, while at Provincetown near the close of the
month, felt that it might be an important matter to catch one
on a hook and line by trolling, since the capture of a '^ Leaj)-
ing Tuna " in this manner in Cape Cod Bay would doubtless
be of much interest to anglers, and, incidentally, might lead
to the distribution of more or less money in the locality by
those who might go there to angle for this large, active fish.

Through the courtesy of Capt. R. E. Conwell of Province-
town Captain Collins had an opportunity to tnake such a trial
on July 30. Captain Conwell furnished all the desiderata, —
a power boat such as is used in the weir fisheries, line and
bait. He also managed the boat, giving the opportunity to
troll on a fine morning over an area of ten or twelve miles.
Unfortunately, however, there were no indications of the pres-
•ence of horse mackerel in the bay that morning, and all signs,
including lack of capture in the nets, suggested the entire
absence of the species. Thus, although hooks freshly baited
with new herring were towed four hundred feet or more behind
the boat for hours, there was not even a strike of any kind.

Dogfish, — The problem of dogfish along the coast is a seri-
ous one. The solution is to be found in some method of
utilizing the bodies, and in some concerted effort through and
by the fishermen to prevent the liberation of any dogfish or
shark which may be captured on hook or in nets. The doirfish
is a migratory creature, and we cannot argue from experience
in the past yeara that the present abundance or scarcity of
dogfish on the coast will be continued. The economic point
is that the dogfish is a creature which takes fish which could be
mote profitably used by man, and thus is without question one
of the great enemies of fish and fishermen. Measures looking
towards the utilization of the dogfish are, therefore, on proper
lines. The methods which thus far appear available are, first,
the reduction to oil and fertilizer in special plants. The
Canadian government has already subsidized three such plants,
one in northern New Brunswick, another on the south-eastera

^04.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 27

of Cape Breton Island, and the other on the Magdalen
f -asbnds. The Canadian government has also made tests to

whether salted dogfish can be used for bait, with
rhat results we are not jet informed.
Tile commission appointed by the Dominion government has
^^Jso reported in favor of a bounty of one and one-half cents
«3pon every' shark tail. The dogfish are excellent as food,
"when &esh or canned; and the only reason at present why
they ai-e not used is the abundance of other fish. It seems,
however, that some systematic efforts might be made to utilize
dogfish as food for men or animals,' as a protein-containing
constituent of desiccated meal or biscuits. It seems that co-
ordinate action should be taken by the American government,
along similar lines to that of the Dominion government, as
without question uniform legislation is of prime importance.
There is no doubt that the dogfish has inflicted enoimous
l(»ses upon the shore fisheries, particularly during the sunmier,
when the demand for sea food is brisk and prices high. More
than tJbat, it has caused a loss of thousands of dollars in fishing
gear, and driven out of employment thousands of men who
usually find a remunerative means of support in the shore fish-
eries, and by so doing reduce the cost of fish to the consumers.
The Bangor ** Commercial," early in August, refers to an in-
stance at Owl's Head, Me., where a fisherman set 1,500 hooks,
and on which, on pulling his lines, he found about 1,000 dog-
fish. The mere killing of these required hours of time. There
seems to, be some evidence that the dogfish are increasing in
nambers on our coast. Only within very recent years have
the fishermen taken the trouble to kill as many as possible,
bat have turned them loose, freeing them from the nets with
as little damage as possible.

There is now comparatively little of the catch of the weirs

or pound nets that is not utilized for either bait or food.

Unfortunately, however, there is yet no satisfactory market for

dog&shj which in seasons of tibundance are taken in large

nambers. EflTorts are being made elsewhere to introduce them

for food, we believe as a result of suggestion made by this

cofflmission ; and the day may not be distant when dogfish,

both salt and fresh, may become a part of the food fish supply,

28 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

and to that extent a benefit to the fisheries, instead of a ciirse.
as heretofore. If it can be utilized fresh, salted, smoked or
manufactured into a fish meal, or used as an ingredient of
poultry food, it will be a cheap and usually abundant product.
Many, especially those who are natives of southern Europe,
may prefer it to the higher-priced fish of other species. If so,
the result will be satisfactory, and a heretofore waste product
will be put to a good use.

The New York ''Fishing Gazette" of Oct. 29, 1904, edito-
rially mentions the fact that a St. Johns, N. F., firm "are
splitting and salting dogfish for market."

There have been numerous press notices of attempts by
the Canadian government to utilize salted dogfish for lobster
bait, — attempts that have been ridiculed by a few old fisher-
men, so it is said, but which, nevertheless, may prove satisfec-
tory.

According to the Boston ** Globe" of Oct. 28, 1904, at-
tempts have been made by Nantucket fishermen to market the
dogfish for food. ,It says : —

Wbat will mean a source of large income to the fishermen here, if
successful, is the shipping to the New York markets of dogfish, a por-
tion of which, it is understood, is cut into steaks, and sold as a
species of white fish. . . . The captain states that ooly fish of more
than 2 feet in length are salable. He says his crew will receive 10
cents each for them.

The Japanese, from whom we have much to learn, in the
utilization of the wealth of the seas, eat such fish. It has
been said : —

Among their commonest, cheapest and most wholesome food fifibes
are sharks, which are brought into the markets and butchered much
after the manner of beeves in our own country. . . . For some reason
we do not knowingly eat sharks, and in this we miss a great deal.
As some people are doubtless aware, the* dogfish, which appear in
such immense droves on our east coast and are so destructive to other
fish life, are excellent when fresh or canned ; and I predict ... the
day when these and other sharks will be regularly seen in our mar-
kets.*

♦ Gloucester *' Times," Oct. 13, 1904.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 29

From the foregoing it will be seen that not only is the dog-
fish suitable for food, but that the people in this country,
Canada and Newfoundland are taking intelligent action to
utilize it, in one way or another.

Sfiore Fishery, — There is little that is new in the shore
boat fisher}', carried on for the most part with power-driven
dories. It is true the numbers of these have increased, naphtha
dories being substituted for sail boats ; and in this way the
fleet of small craft is gradually being changed, so that greater
effectiveness, larger catches and consequently larger earnings
are becoming more general than formerly. Probably the
changes in this direction are less in evidence at Cape Cod than
elsewhere. At Cape Ann, for instance, — Gloucester, Rock-
port and adjacent coast towns, — there is a very general adop-
tion of the power-driven boat for various kinds of fishing, and
a consequent decrease in sail boats. Large power dories, spe-
cially built for the pui-pose, generally with a sort of cuddy
aft. are peculiarly adapted to the herring fishery, which is pros-
ecuted extensively on autumn nights by torching. Such boats
can make immensely larger catches than the old-fashioned oar-
propelled craft, and can quickly transport the product to a
market, where the fish arrive while new, fresh and bright.
The demand for such herring, which are mostly used for bait.
Is much greater and more certain than when less expeditious
methods could be used, and consequently the bait fish often
were much older than they now are when they reached their
destination. This being the case, and it also being true that
the herring naphtha boats now employed can cany a much
larger cargo than the boats formerly used, it follows that the
IK)wer dories have practically occupied the field in this line
of industry, while they Usually engage in different branches of
fishery at other seasons. Many of the so-called ** shore boats "
— those employed in the general fishery for cod, haddock, etc.,
OD the fishing grounds not far fi:om land, and which usually
make daily trips — have had gasoline engines put into them
for auxiliary power, and some of the craft thus engaged in
shore fishing rely solely upon power motors. Those at Glouces-
ter who go out in boats to gather certain fishery products from
incoming schooners, who are usually denominated "stream

30 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

buyers," now use power boats, instead of the ordinary dory
formerly employed.

It has been asserted that the Nantucket fishermen have rarely
if ever done so well as this year. The prevalence of northerly
winds in the fall enabled them to launch their dories and to
return safely to the harborless shores on the south side of the
island to a larger extent than common. And, inasmuch as fish
were reasonably abundant on near-by grounds, the catch was
larger and more remunerative than usual.

Pollock Fishing, — The hand-line fishery for pollock by
boat fishermen appears to have assumed unusual proportions
this year, partly, perhaps, because of the adoption of a new
idea in the method of fishing for them. Ex-Representative
Robert E. Conwell of Provincetown is authority for saying that
the system of trolling for sea pollock, which was suggested
by our late chairman, has recently been adopted by the Cape
Cod fishermen with much success. '*Last spring," he said,
' < it was interesting to watch the fishermen sailing back and
forth through the tide rips off the Race in their power boats,
and pulling in big sea pollock on their troll lines as fast as
they could haul. Sail boats were also used in this fishery to
some extent, but they were not so well adapted to it as the
naphtha dories, which could work back and forth very handily
through the rips, so that no time was lost." We also under-
stand that this system of fishing — called ^'drailing" on Cape
Cod — is somewhat extensively prosecuted from other sections
of the Gape, notably at Chatham, since it is claimed that some
of the best fishing grounds are the shoals to the south of that
town, in the vicinity of Pollock Rip.

Aside from the interest usually attending a fishing trip,
*' going out for pollock" has in it an element of six)rt not
common to the prosaic work of gathering in the sea treasures
for commercial purposes.

Boats engaged in this work leave their Provincetown moor-
ings early, if practicable, the time of departure depending
more or less upon the state of the tide and the hour when the
neighboring weirs wijl be "lifted," since it is upon the latter
that the hook-and-line fishermen depend for bait. Once the
bait is on board, and the hooks, di*ails and lines ready, the

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 31

boat is headed for the fishing ground under full speed, and
away she drives past Long Point, Wood End and beyond
the Bace, leaving all on the starboard hand. A little beyond
theBace Point lighthouse the rips are reached, and there are the
favorite feeding grounds of the pollock in spring. Then the
lines are put out, and back and forth the boat sails, an etibrt
being made to keep where the fish are most plentiful. As is
well known, the pollock is active and gamey, and when it is
biting fireely the capture of it in this manner necessitates lively
work, for it is haul and heave as rapidly as possible. To pull
in hundreds of fish as big and active as large salmon gives
an amount of sport not easily equalled elsewhere, while the
remuneration gained from such good fishing is an element that
gives additional zest to those who can afford to consider only
the commercial side of such experiences.

It is, perhaps, unnecessary to invite attention to the amount
of sport to be derived by the angler firom fishing for pollock
with rod and reel, when they are playing in the rips in spring.
An angler of wide renown has recently called attention
("Forest and Stream," July 23, 1904) to the fact that at a
place he was visiting "the sportsmen were depending largely
on the pollock for recreation ; " and he declares, as a result
of personal experience, that it *' gives as good sport when
handled with rodtind reel as can be desired." It is gratifying
at least to know that such an excellent opportunity for satis-
factory sport in fishing is available on our coast, and within
easy reach of the many anglers who are resident in large cities.
One who has participated in the pollock fishery at Cape (^od
says : ** Half an hour of good fishing is sufficient to give the
amateur enough sport to recompense him for all the trouble
of going from the city and getting up at 4 o'clock in the morn-
ing,— even though the bay is then as silver in the sunrise." *

Beam Trawling. — The beam trawl fishery at Cape Cod has
been prosecuted as usual, and, notwithstanding there is nothing
like a boom in this, the industry is a well-established one, and
has had a gradual, healthy development since its inaugiuation
about seventeen years ago, as a result of the publication of
a 'treatise on beam trawling that was prepared by our late

* Boston •• Glolw," July 24, 1904.

32 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

chairman. While the fishery at first and for years after was
carried on in a very primitive manner, mostly in small boats,
later in schooners whose rig was unsuitable to the require-
ments, it has been estimated that a yield approximating 70,000
barrels of flatfish has resulted. It is claimed that in 1897, ten
years after the fishery began, the catch exceeded 6,000 bar-
rels ; and this, too, despite the fact that this particular method
of fishing is prosecuted only in winter, — October to Feb-
ruary.

Provincetown now has a fleet of 18 or 20 small fishing sloops,
— some of them with auxiliary power, — ranging from 45 to
60 feet in length, which engage in the beam trawl flounder
fishing in Barnstable Bay, generally just outside of Long Point
and Wood End, for an avemge of about five or six months in
the year. During this time their crews are said to earn an
average of about $300 per month. After the trawling season
is over in the spring these sloops take on board a lot of
mackerel gill nets and other equipments for drift net fishing.
They then go to the southern fishing grounds, — usually from
ofl' the Delaware Capes to Block Island, — and engage in the
mackerel drift net fishery until July. After the first to the
middle of flune, however, they frequently fish noith of Caj^e
Cod. During July and August they are generally moored in
Provincetown harbor, and lie there unused until it is time to
fit out for the trawl fishery.

Vessels of this class are better for trawling than schooners
are, but of course all sailing vessels are at a disadvantage in
this fishery when calms are prevalent.

Otter Traxding. — In our last report mention was made of
the experiment with an otter trawl on board the oyster dredger
'' Cultivator" of Wellfleet. The trawl had been constructed,
under the direction of the late chairman, for Capt. L. D. Baker,
the owner of the dredger; and the hope was cherished that
opportunity might occur after the close of the oyster season
to give the apparatus a thorough test in the flounder fishery
of Cape Cod Bay. The extreme severity of the winter of
1903-04, however, brought about conditions which precluded
the possibility of further trials with the otter trawl, for the
"Cultivator" was frozen. in and rendered helpless. Besides,

194>4.3 PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 33

tho fishermen were not favorably impressed with this new-
fangled form of iBshing apparatus, the efficiency of which they
distnxsted.

Finally, in compliance with ordei"s issued by Captain Baker,

trials Tvere made in October, 1904. Meantime, the weights

on the otters had been somewhat reduced, so that the gear

worked over the ground more easily than when th6 trawl was

tirst tried in the summer of 1903.

Capt. Samuel 11. Hopkins, who commands the <^ Cultivator,"

is authority for saying that, unfortunately, the trawl was first

put out on foul ground; consequently, it was soon tilled with

the dead seaweed which littered the bottom. When brought

aloD^ide, the great bulk of sea grass made a heavy weight to

get over the side of the launch, but the net was hoisted on

board and emptied of its unwelcome burden. There were few

ti.sh in the trawl, for the seaweed-covered bottom was not good

ground for the flounders. While the net was being taken on

board and cleared, a skipper of one of the local beam trawlers

went on board the *' Cultivator," and promptly advised the use

of a beam trawl, which, in his opinion, was vastly superior for

flounder fishing to any other form of apparatus. He did not

think the otter trawl would prove eflfcctive. Naturally, the

crew, tired and disgusted with their ill luck and the labor of

clearing the gear, were ready to listen to the condemnation

of the otter trawl. But Captain Hopkins determined on one

more trial at least before reaching conclusions. The otter

trawl was, therefore, put out again on a subsequent day. This

time it chanced to strike reasonably clean bottom, such as is

commonly tished by the beam trawlers, some of whom were

working in the vicinity.

The net was towed twice, about two hours or less each time.
When it was hove up alongside it was seen to be well fished, —
so full on one occasion that the men were in doubt of their
ability to lift the bulk over the dredger's side. As a matter
of feet, they were barely able to do this, although they had a
tackle to hoist in the bag of fish, a stout rope having been first
put around the net for the lower block of the tackle to hook
into. But by a determined effort the bulk of fish was swung
over the launch's side, the rope that held the *' cod end" was

34 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

unloosed, and the flounders tumbled out in a mass on the deck
of the '* Cultivator." Captain Hopkins says they had four
barrels of fish, which, with those taken in the otter trawl on
the previous trial, made six barrels as the result of a half-day *i>
fishing, or more than a beam trawler caught that day fishino-
over the same ground. It will, therefore, appear that the otter
trawl caught as many fish in a half-day or less as the best of
the beam trawlers took in all day. While this result seems
remarkable, and doubtless will have to be repeated to con-
vince fishermen that such a catch was not a matter of luck, it
is in complete harmony with the experience of British fisher-
men, who have proved by many ydars' fishing that the otter
ti-awl is vastly superior in eflfectiveness to the beam trawl. It
is only reasonable that similar results may occur here if equal
intelligence is applied' ; hence it may not be visionary to antici-
pate seeing the flounder fishery at Cape Cod carried on in the
not distant future with power boats operating the otter trawl,
while there may be a fleet of ocean-going steam trawlers work-
ing on our outer banks. We cannot remain indifferent to a
form of fishing apparatus which has revolutionized the deep-sea
market fisheries of Europe.

Captain Hopkins informs us that his oyster dredging will
prevent him from soon using the otter trawl again, but he is
fully convinced that it can be employed in the Cape Cod
flounder fishery with great success.

The otter trawl has proved to be a most important apparatus
for developing the North Sea fisheries. Our late chairman,
Capt. J. W. Collins, one of the eminent authorities on such
matters, believed that the otter trawl was adapted to certain
branches of our fishing industries. He recognized the advan-
tages likely to redound to our fisheries through the use of the
otter trawl. On account of the importance of the subject, and
to answer the inquiries which have come since the supply of
last year's report was exhausted, it seems best to reprint the
description of the construction and use of the otter trawl, which
was kindly furnished to our late chairman by Hon. O. T. Olsea
of Grimsby, Eng. : —

This matter of properly managing an otter trawl is of such conse-
quence that we venture to publish the instructions we have received^

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

and also iUastrations of an otter trawl and of Scott's patent otters or
trawl boards. The Instructions have been slightly revised, and we
hope they may prove asefal and valuable to our fishermen.

In Grimsby two flexible steel wire warps are used on a steamer
operating otter trawls, and two steam drums or winches — one for
each warp — to heave them in. When rigging trawling gear, great
care is required in determining the exact length of both warps.

Each warp is made up in lengths of 20, 25 or 30 fathoms, and these
sections are shackled together, each end having an eye splice and
thimble to receive a shackle. The shackles serve as marks to deter-
mine the length of the warp that has run out, — a very important
matter, and possibly the most important in shooting a trawl, for the
warps must be veered oat evenly to avoid fouling the trawl ; there-

ENLARQED VIEW OF
PATENT BOA8DS

fore, if it is found that a shackle on one warp has run out before the
other, that warp must be checked until the hawsers are ^* levelled up."
With these leading facts in mind, the act of shooting a trawl is as
follows : —

With engines stopped and ship laid dead, proceed to pay away the
trawl over the weather side, taking care not to pay away too smartly,
but to allow it time to sink, as throwing it out too quickly is often the
caase of a fouled net.

Odb of the best methods of doing this is to pay over the fore and
after wings first, till you come to the quarters, — the sections of the
body of the net next the wings, — then put over the cod end, the ex-
treme end of the net bag or trawl followed by the belly and baitings,
till the net comes tight to the bosom of the ground rope ; then lift the
ground rope on to the rail and drop it over the side, when, as a rule,
jow trawl will be found to flow out quite clear.

36 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

In the event of the trawl being new and ligkt, yon will find it an
excellent plao to weigb the cod end with an old fire bar, or Bometbing
else of no value, fastened to the cod line witb a single part of twine,
BO that it will break adrift when on tbe bottom, and will not retard
the towing of the net.

With the trawl away clear and the quarter ropes securely fastened,
each man should take np his respective position, which in a Grimab;
tr&wler ib generally as follows : captain on the bridge ; mate and Xo.
1 deck hand attend the winch ; third hand at after derrick ; No. 2
deck hand at fore derrick ; trimmer amidship, ready for the mes-
senger, which is a wire hawser that is long enough to reach from
the winch to the stem of the vessel, around the after derrick or gal-
lows,— also called a davit, — thence outside the rigging to the fore
derrick. The messenger is passed over the after trawl warp and
taken forward, where the stout hook at its end is put over the fore-

ward warp, down which it is allowed to slide. Meantime the winch
is started and the messenger is hove in, bringing both warps tt^ther
on the quarter, when a strong slip chain is passed around both warpa
and secured, while the messenger is unhooked.

Setting up taut on the warps, the d<^B * should be unhooked, and,
everything being in readiness, the order Is given to lower away.
This is done by lowering away the fore board about 8 or 10 fathoms,
and then slacking down the after one well below the propeller. It is
a good plan to mark the warps in this position, as it is very difflcalt
to guess the lengths when lowering away at night.

There are several other ways in vi^ue, notably where the steamer
is fitted up with a single -barrel led winch ; but, as those are moati;
out of date, it is not worth while going into details.

,n eye bolt in

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 37

Every thing being ready, the engines are started f nil speed ahead,
and as soon as the ship has sufficient headway the order is given to
slack away. This is part of the work that requires care and judg-
ment on the part of the men at the winch, for, if the warps are not
run ont evenly, or as near so as possible, then the error is sure to
result in fouled gear.

The best and surest way is to watch for the marks or lengths of
warpe as they are running out, and check up the one which has run
out fastest, so as to level them at each mark or length ; they cannot
then get veiy much out of line.

Daring the time the warps are running out, the man at the after
part of the ship will have passed the hook end of the messenger out
around the after side of the after derrick, then over the top of the
after warp and into the hands of the trimmer, who will take it along
the deck (always being very careful to keep the bight of it inboard)
and hand it over to the man forward. The trimmer then goes aft
abreast of the engine room skylight, and stands by for the word of
command to throw the bight of the messenger over the rail and over-
board, so that it will go clear of the ship and screw.

When sufficient warp has been run oat, breaks are screwed down,
tod the order is given to hook the messenger over the fore warp and
let go, when, by its own weight and the ship's headway, it runs along
ift on the fore warp. The trimmer then flings the bight overboard,
while the man aft hauls in the slack as mach as possible and places
it in the hawser roller aft ; the trimmer, assisted by the deck hand
No. 1, puts turns round the end of the winch barrel, and the mate
proceeds to heave away on it. As the fore warp is being hove up
ift, the hook of the messenger picks up the after warp also, thus
bringing both warps together up to the after quarter.

Having hove the warps up within a foot of the roller, a patent
slip hook or block is put around them, attached to a strong chain ;
the messenger is then slacked up and unhooked, and then the vessel
proceeds to tow along. While the snatch block just referred to holds
the two towing hawsers together at one side of the stern of a steamer,
the strain of towing comes on two heavy swivel blocks, of which
there is one hanging beneath the centre of the arch of each derrick.*
Each of the steel- wire towing hawsers passes over the block, thence

* A derrick is a stout iron device, shaped like an inverted U ; it is strongly
bolted to the vessel's deck near the rail, but far enough from it for the otter board
to easily go between it and the rail ; it is commonly called a gallows by the fisher-
men, but is also spoken of as a davit. There are four of these derricks, two on
each side, one being well aft on each quarter and one forward. They are high
enoii|;h from the deck so that the warp running through the block at the top of a
derrick will lift an otter board clear above the rail, so that the board can be readily
Bwnsg in or out, as circumstances demand.

38 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

around or through a guide or f airleader to the drum of the steam
winch, which heaves in or veers out the hawser, as circamstances
demand.

In the management of a trawl the so-called quarter ropes play an
important part. These are two ropes which are used to assist in get-
ting in the net. Each of the ropes is bent to the footrope at the
quarter of the net, and leads to its respective otter board, 'where it is
made fast so that it will tow loosely. After the trawl has been hove
up alongside of the vessel the quarter ropes are cast off from the
boards and led to the winch, when they are hove in evenly until the
bosom of the footrope is over the rail. This saves a lot of hard
labor for the crew in getting the trawl on board ; but the rest of the
net must be gathered in by hand until the *' cod end," where tbe fish
are, is at the surface of the sea, when a strap is passed around it,
and it is hove on board with the fish tackle. The lower end of the
trawl is then unloosened and the fish fall on deck.

An Epidemic mnong Menhaden, — June 9, 1904, the late
chaiiman and the biologist of this commission visited Shode
Island for the purpose of viewing the experiments on the prop-
agation of lobsters, carried on by the commissioners of Rhode
Island. The entire day was spent in studying the apparatus and
results. A distinguished company was present, including the
Governor of the State and other high officials, as well as those
directly interested in the problem. At that time it was noted
that a serious epidemic had occurred among the menhaden in
Narragansctt and Buzzards bays, and, inasmuch as it involved
the fishing interests of Massachusetts, not only in Buzzards Bay,
but also on the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay, it is deemed
of interest to publish here the investigations upon that epidemic
which were carried on by Prof. F. P. Gorham of Brown Uni-
versity. Professor Gorham has recently made the following
report to the United States Bureau of Fisheries : —

In the latter part of May, 1904, the menhaden in Narragansett
Bay were afflicted with a serious epidemic. The fishes died by the
thousand and were washed ashore, where thev became a nuisance sb
soon as they began to decay. The farmers of the neighborhood car-
ried them away by the cartload to use as fertilizer, and in some towns
the board of health found it necessary to remove them, so great a
nuisance did they become. Other fishes were not affected by tbe
epidemic. Occasionally a fish of another species was found among

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 39

the dead menhaden, bat never more than are normally foand along
the shore.

The symptoms of the disease were peculiar. The affected men-
haden would appear at the surface of the water, their mouths open,
swimming in small circles, more or less on their sides, apparently
^^uggiii^S to sink in the water. Sometimes their equilibrium would
be lost entirely, and they would spin around on their long axis as
Ihey shot throagh the water, running into any obstacles which they
eDcountered. They would frequently leap from the water in their
straggles ; sooner or later they would die and sink to the bottom,
only to rise again to the surface when the gases of decomposition
fonned^ there to float with the tide or be cast up on the shore. They
coakl be caaght with a dip-net without any trouble when affected
with the disease, while this is impossible with the normal fish.

No lesions could be found in the dead fish, either external or in-
ternal, save the bruises caused by their death struggles, and in some
cases a slight protrusion of the eyeballs, which probably resulted from
the braises.

The fishermen ascribed the peculiar actions of the fish to a worm
^hich they said was present in the brain of many of them. Investi-
gation soon showed that this was not true. The '^ worm " which
\i)ey supposed was the cause of the disease was the common parasite
of the menhaden, the copepod Lemeonema radiata^ which is always
pTcsent in a considerable nuoiiber of these fishes, and which causes
00 serious disturbance.

A. bacteriological study of the diseased fishes showed that in the
blood of many of them bacteria were present in considerable numbers ;
Uieaewere not present in the normal fishes. These bacteria were
isolated in pure culture, and their characteristics studied. Inocula-
te experiments were made in normal menhaden and in other fishes.
It was found that some of the cultures of bacteria when inoculated
vii\o normal menhaden would kill them quickly, but in no case were
the exact symptoms of the disease reproduced, though it was always
pwaible to recover the inoculated organism from the blood in large
numbers.

Other fishes besides menhaden also succumbed to inoculation,
ilthoogb, as said before, other fishes are never affected by the disease
^&U)Tally. The following fishes died when inoculated with very small
amoQDts of the culture : squeteagae, butterfish, sea robin. It required
^\aTge amount to kill tde tautog ; while even larger amounts would not
itill the sea bass, scup, sand dab and puffer.

Of the several organisms found in the dying menhaden, it is prob-
able that one is the cause of the epidemic. Further study of these

40 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

organisms must be made, however, before anyone of them can be defi-
nitely implicated.

That the disease is caused by some infection spreading from one
fish to another is evident from the fact that but one species is affected.
If sewage or some other substance were contaminating the water, all
fishes would be affected. Dead and dying fishes were found from
the entrance of Narragansett Bay to the waters of the Providence
and Seekonk rivers. They were as abundant down the bay in tlie
clean waters as in the upper bay and rivers where contamination by
sewage exists.

The disease did not show itself, as far as could be learned, along
the shores of Long Island Sound, although schools of menhaden were
abundant. The only other place where the disease is known to have
occurred is in Buzzards Bay, in the vicinity of New Bedford and the
Acushnet River. Here it was not so severe nor did it last so long as
in Narragansett Bay. By the middle of July it had all disappeared
from Buzzards Bay, while in Narragansett Bay it was more or lees
in evidence until August.

Menhaden were exceptionally abundant the past year ; there were
more schools and larger schools than for a number of years. It
usually follows, when an animal increases over and above its normal
numbers, that something occurs to reduce that number. ' It is prob-
able that the epidemic in question was the result, primarily, of the
great increase in the numbers of menhaden.

That this is not the first epidemic which has appeared among men-
haden is evidenced by the following extract, from the report of the
United States Fish Commission for 1877 : —

Captain Pettingill tells me that great mortality often prevails among the
menhaden at the mouth of the Merriniac River. In 1876 the dead fish
were heaped upon the shore to a depth of two feet, and the municipal
authorities of Newburyport expended a large sum of money in carting
them away. The fish seem to die in great pain ; they come first to the sur-
face, then, after a severe flurry, die. They sink immediately to the bottom,
but float at the surface after a day or two.

It is stated that the same mortality prevailed forty years ago, as now,
among the menliaden in the Merrimac. They covered the shores, tainted
the air, and were taken away by the farmers as dressing for land. It was
noticed that the fish would come to the surface, spin around and around,
and then turn over on their backs and die. These strange deaths are very
probably caused by the presence of some internal parasite.

There can be no doubt that this is the same disease that h&s
appeared again this past year.
It is hoped that opportunity will be offered during the coming sun)-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 41

mer to study the disease still further. It cannot yet be stated with
certainty that the bacteria isolated are the real cAase. Cultures of
the germs have been preserved, and will be more carefully studied.
Watch will be kept for a recurrence of the epidemic, in order that
f urtber observations may be made, some of the experiments repeated,
and. If possible, the exact cause of the disease determined..

Shellfish or Mollusk Fisheries. — In previous reports atten-
tion has been invited to the fishery for the long-neck or com-
mon clam (My a arenaria), and the wonderful results possible
of attainment by cultivation have been presented. Experi-
ments made by the United States Fish Commission a few years
ago, and also by the Rhode Island Fish Commission, dem-
onstrated conclusively that the cultivation of clams can be
made profitable to an extent not easily equalled in any other
direction.

It is not known that there is an opportunity to do as well
with other species of shellfish that are commercially important,
but it is doubtless practicable to improve nearly all of the
moUnsk fisheries in one Tvay or another. The obstacle that
confronts any attempt at improvement, by legislation or other-
wise, is the dense ignorance of these industries, so far as ofil-
cial and reliable information is concerned, — an ignorance that
is not creditable in a State so celebrated as this is for its com-
prehensive knowledge of all that pertains to its industrial life
and welfare. It may seem a startling statement to make, but,
so far as this commission is aware, there is not extant any
modern publication of the State which contains anything that
may be considered a comprehensive review of our mollusk
fisheries. The bare statistics, without explanation, even grant-
ing that they may be correct, come &r short of furnishing data
which might convey a knowledge of the industries. Appar-
ently the only study of the Massachusetts mollusk fisheries
made in a half-century was that made in connection with the
tenth census of the United States, the results of which were
published about twenty years ago ; they gave some idea of
conditions in 1880, a quarter of a century ago. But what was
then done was far from comprehensive ; the notes then gath-
ered and subsequently published by the United States Fish
Commission lacked the completeness they should have had, and

42 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

■

nothing has since appeared that we know of that furnishes
complete information.

Regrettable as this is, and contrary to the spirit of the age
as it may appear, it is the natural outcome of conditions that
date back to old colonial times, and are still continued, with
slight, if any, modifications. In the early days it was natural
that the shore fisheries should be, in whole or in part, placed
under the supervision of the officers of towns bordering the
sea, and that such officials should have jurisdiction over them,
under the law, as to times and methods of fishing. At that
period essentially the same condition obtained in many if not
all of the coast-bordering States. Within the past thirty or
thirty-five years, however, the control or supervision of mol-
lusk fisheries and similar enterprises has become a care of State
governments ; commissions have been appointed for the special
purpose of looking after them, and they have in consequence
often received such intelligent supervision that deterioration
has been checked and improvements have been inaugurated
that led to great prosperity. Such changes were due largely,
if not entirely, to comprehensive and properly directed studies
of the different species of economic shellfish and the fisheries
of which the}^ were the objects. The results of such studies
were published in annual reports and elsewhere, and furnished
the information necessary for an intelligent consideration of
conditions, and likewise supplied a basis for improvement.
Indeed, beneficial change is scarcely practicable without a
full knowledge of existent conditions.

The factor which has probably contributed more largely than
any other to the indifference that has been shown toward the
mollusk fisheries of Massachusetts, and the consequent dearth
of information concerning them, is the system of town control,
which is here still in vogue at the opening of the twentieth cen-
tury. It follows, almost as a matter of course, that, to repeat
an old saw, " Everybody's business is nobody's business ; " and
it cannot reasonably be expected that town officers will exhibit
sufficient public spirit and technical knowledge combined to pre-
pare and publish a comprehensive treatise on even one fishery
for shellfish, not to speak of the consideration of a number of
such industries.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 43

There] is another matter tliat deserves luentioii iu this con-
nection, and that is the fact that, with tlie present restriction
upon publication, it would be useless to prepare reasonably
full notes upon the moUusk fisheries for issuance in a public
document, even if its appearance might do credit to the State,
and might lead to conditions which would increase the yield
of these shore industries hundreds of thousands of dollars an-
nually. Whether there is ja way out of these difficulties re-
mains to be seen ; but at least the hope may be cherished that
something may be done to throw light upon the dark places
QkUuded to, and to put this State in a position where it will not
be necessary, as it has been, to confess absolute ignorance
of industries pursued along her coast, which, in the aggregate,
yield products worth tens of thousands of dollars and employ
many men. Kor should it be necessary to confess the State's
helplessness to do anytiiing for those industries. They need
her protecting care, for, with the great growth of popula-
tion throughout the country, they should be developed and
improved so that they can furnish a larger amount of valuable
and nourishing food, and add more largely to the income of
the State.

It is interesting to note in this connection that, according to
the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Massachusetts produced,
in 1902, 106,818 bushels of quahaugs or hard clams, worth (at
prices paid the fishermen) $131,139 ; 227,941 bushels of fresh
soft clams, valued at $157,247 ; 75,586 bushels of market oys-
ters, worth $120,252 ; 27,800 bushels of seed oysters, valued
at $13,430; 66,150 bushels of scallops, valued at $89,982;
and 2,000 bushels of cockles and winkles, worth $5,()00. This
makes a total of 506,295 bushels of shellfish taken from the
shores of this State in the year named, with an aggregate val-
uation of $517,650. It will therefore be seen that the taking
of shellfish, aside from the quantities of delicious food thus
supplied, is an industry of sufficient proportions to entitle it to
consideration.

Much more might be added, but perhaps sufficient has been
said to draw public attention to existing conditions. Mention
can be made, however, of a marked improvement this year in
the direction of enforcement of the law prohibiting the taking

44 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

of shellfish from grounds subject to pollution. To the extent
that this was done the public confidence in the healthfulness of
shellfish taken in our waters is restored, and the trade in such
products should be improved thereby . Unfortunately , however,
the provisions of the law arc such that its application is not easily
practicable, consequenth' public confidence must necessarily be
of much slower growth than otherwise might be the case, and
there will be a consecjuent retardation of a healthy develop-
ment of trade ; for there are many who, although they may be
fond of clams, quahaugs, scallops, etc., will prefer to go with-
out them entirely if they have any suspicion that they came
from regions infested by the germs and materials characteristic
of sewage pollution.

Injury to the Shellfish InduMry by Sewage Pollution. — The
shellfish industry sufiVrs a severe blow through the prBU.'tical
destruction of extensive areas, suitable for the production of
shellfish, by the encroachment of sewage and other sources of
pollution upon clam and quahaug beds. During the past year
action has been taken as detailed below. The following wa<
inserted in the New Bedford newspapers : —

The CommiBsioners on Fisheries and Game, acting in accordaoce
with law, as embodied in sections 113 and 114, chapter 91 of the
Revised Laws, call public attention to the action they have taken in
reference to the prohibition of oyster, clam and quahaug fishing
in certain areas in New Bedford harbor ; and they also give notice
that after the expiration of one week from the appearance of this
notice it will be illegal for any person to take oysters, clams and
quahaugs within the limits prescribed by the request of the State
Board of Health, which limits have been defined and fixed in accord-
ance with law.

Following is the order passed by the Board of Commissioners od
Fisheries and Game : —

Whereas, The State Board of Health, acting under and by authority of
the provisions of section 113 of chapter 91 of the Revised Laws of Massa-
chusetts, has requested in writing this Board to prohibit, in accordance with
the provisions of said section, the taking of any oysters, clams or quahaugs
from the waters of New Bedford harbor, north of or inside of a line drawn
from Fort Point in Fairhaven to a point on the easterly shore of Clark^s
Point, so called, one mile south of the most southerly sewer outlet in the
city of New Bedford, or from the waters of Clark^s Cove at any place

11*04.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 45

within three-quarters of a mile of the outlet of any sewer of the city of
New Bedford discharging into Clark^s Gove, until further notice;

Voted, That, in accordance with the request of said State Board of Health
and with the provisions of section tld of chapter 91 of the Revised Liaws of
Massachasetts, the taking of any oysters, clams or quahaugs from the
waters of New Bedford harbor, north of or inside of a line drawn from
Fort Point in Fairhaven to a point on the easterly shore of Clark^s Point,
so called, one mile south of the most southerly sewer outlet in the city of
New Bedford, or from the waters of Clark^s Cove at any place within
three-quarters of a mile of the outlet of any sewer of the city of New Bed-
ford discharging into Clark^s Cove, be and the same hereby is prohibited
until farther notice.

The immediate effect of the above notice, which was published
\i\ the New Bedford *' Evening Standard" of Aug. 11, 1904, was
a general &Iling off in the number of fishermen, but gradually
the fishermen returned in considerable numbers. Learning of
the condition, the deputies of this commission were ordered to
check the taking of shellfish in this prescribed section. ' Aug.
^9 and 31, 1904, twenty-six men were arrested for taking qua-
haugs within this area. They had in their possession an aggre-
gate of nearly ten bushels, in quantities from two quarts to a
bushel. Since that time the law has been very generally re-
spected.

It is, of course, a serious economic condition, whereby an
area so extensive as this is rendered worthless for the produc-
tion of shellfish. Until the time comes, however, when it is
for the advantage of the citizens and of the State to check the
polluting influences and to dispose of sewage and manufactur-
ing wastes in such a manner as to permit the areas in question
ti produce the food supply which they should, the matter will
have to be handled as at present. With increased population
the conditions in other parts of the shore may become simi-
larly a menace to public health through the medium of infected
shellfish, and necessitate the extension of these areas from
which the taking of shellfish must be forbidden.

Lobster Culture and Lobster Fishinfj, — The details of what
has been accomplished in breeding the lobster at the stations
of the United States Fisheries Bureau on the coast of this State
^Gloucester and Woods Hole — are given in the following
letters from the superintendents of those stations : —

40 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Dbpaktment of commerce and Labor,
Bureau of Fishrkies, Gloucester, Mass., Oct. 26, isw.

Capt. J. W. Collins, Chairman^ Board of Commissioners on Fisheries and

Oame, Boston^ Mass.

Sir: — I submit herewith a brief report of the lobster-hatchiDg
operations at Gloucester, Mass., station, daring the past season.

Our collection operations began early in April, and covered the
principal fishing centres between Cape Ann and Boston, Mass. The
natural conditions during the entire season were especially favorable
for lobster fishing, and the catch about Cape Ann showed a substan-
tial increase over previous springs during the past decade, and our
egg-lobster collections also showed a corresponding increase.

Our collections within the State aggregated 2,012 egg lobsters, of
which 752 were shipped to the Woods Hole station, owing to this
station being crowded. The egg lobsters shipped to Woods Hole
yielded 12,948,000 eggs, while those handled at this station, 1,260.
yielded 22,310,000 eggs.

There were 82,050,000 lobster fry distributed from this station in
Massachusetts waters, from Cape Ann to Boston harbor. Of the
above fry, 20,971,000 were obtained from eggs collected within the
State, the balance being hatched from eggs collected outside the State.

Collections were also made in Maine and New Hampshire waters,

which aggregated 81,897,000 eggs, the bulk of the fry resulting fron)

these being planted in the waters of the State whence they were

received.

Very respectfully, C. G. Corliss,

Superintendent. .

Woods Hole, Mass., Nov. 7, 1904.

Capt. J. W. Collins, Chairman, Board of Commissioners on Fisheries
and Oame, Boom 238, Slate House, Boston^ Mass,

Sir : — Herewith I submit a brief report of the lobster work done
at this station during the past season.

Owing to the existing conditions, which could be traced to several

causes, no active effoils were made to collect egg-bearing lobsters

except from the fishermen in this immediate vicinity. Nearly all

the eggs received at this station were from lobsters collected by the

employees of Gloucester station, and shipped here. Of a total of

13,881,000 eggs received during the season, 883,000 only were from

local territory. The eggs this season were of poorer quality than for

several years, and the result in fry correspondingly small, 9,682,000

fry being hatched and planted in the waters of the State.

Respectfully, E. F. Locke,

Superifdendent.

n>04.j PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 47

Before entering upon a fuller discussion of the' foregoing
reports it may be said, in order to avoid mistakes on the part
of the reader, that the collections made by Mr. Corliss, which
he states Trere *' between Cape Ann and Boston," really were
made at those two points as well as between them. He informs
us that egg-bearing lobsters were gathered at the various sta-
tions on Cape Ann, including Rockport, Lane's Cove, etc., also
at Boston, which is the chief market for lobsters in the United
States, and imports large quantities of these crustaceans from
Nova Scotia. It was, therefore, probably the point where by
far the largest number of egg-bearing lobsters were obtained.
The balk of the Boston lobsters came from the British Prov-
inces, and, while they added to the possibilities of artificial
reproduction of this species, and may fairly be designated as
^< lobsters collected in Massachusetts," it is an indisputable fact
\bat only a trifling percentage of them at most came from the
waters of this State.

As will be noticed, the collection from Woods Hole was
nearly an utter failure ; but a combination of happy circum-
stances— good weather, a larger supply of foreign-caught egg-
bearing lobsters than usual, and, possibly, added experience
in the work of collecting — gave better results in the obtain-
ment of lobster eggs this year along the north shore than for
some time past. To that extent there is reason for profound
gratification. While a repetition of such success can scarcely be
expected every year, and while there is small reason to expect
any egg-bearing lobsters from .Maine next year, because of the
establishment of a hatchery on the coast of that State, still, it is
important that every effort should be made to advance artificial
propagation, and courageously hope that added effort may pro-
dace results equal' to those secured in 1904.

The provision made by this State for the collection of egg-
bearing lobsters may prove an important factor in the work
i^ext year, and may add materially to what the United States
Bureau of Fisheries may be able to accomplish. Co-operation
along this line should result in satisfactory attainments, if the
hearty support of the fishermen is secured ; for the addition to
the collecting boats of a well-equipped State launch, like the
'* Egret," should be an impoiiant factor in securing the results
hoped for.

48 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

It maj be mentioned here that, although the season was
nearing a close when the ** Egret" was ready for service, after
being fitted with a well and having other changes made, she
collected 970 egg-bearing lobsters, 504 of which were delivered
to the Woods Hole station of the United States Bureau of
Fisheries, payment for the same being made to the State by
the Bureau. Of courae the eggs on these lobsters ^vrere green,
and will not be ready to hatch until next summer ; but the
experiment of keeping them over winter will be made. If
it is feasible to thus keep them, the number that live ifi^ill be
that many added to those secured next spring, and the eggs
they yield will be that many saved from destruction ; while
the adult lobsters will be returned to the water whence they
were taken, instead of being sent to market, as would have
been the case had we not secured them. They will at least
have one more chance to reproduce their kind. It is likewise
expected that we shall be able to get from the station at
Woods Hole any fry hatched from the lobsters we send there,'
and, if so, the purpose of this commission is to do our utmost
to return to the waters from which the female lobsters were
taken a proper proportion of fry. This will, of course, involve
much extra work ; but it is only just that the fishermen of each
locality should be treated with absolute fairness in the matter
of stocking the coast watera. It will be scarcely fair to take
egg-bearing lobsters from one locality and put them and their
progeny into the waters of another section. It is a fear that
this will be done which has caused some of the fishermen to
refuse to sell egg-bearing lobsters either'to the federal author-
ities or to the State. They complain tliat lobsters sold by
them heretofore for purposes of artificial propagation have been
put into other waters, and that they have not received the fry
which should have been planted on their fishing grounds.

We believe an honest effort has been made to deal justly
with the fishermen ; but, however that may be, the fact remains
that some, at least, are not satisfied, and claim un&ir treatment
as a reason why they should not co-operate in any effort to
promote artificial propagation. Were it certain that every
egg-bearing lobster would be returned to the sea, so that it
could naturally propagate its kind, no real harm would result

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 49

from this determination ; bat serious harm is liable to come
from the bmshing away of the eggs by some of the fisher-
men, who prefer to sell all the lobsters they catch and get the
money they will bring. Some of these fishermen have little
regard for law and less for any possible future benefit to the
fishery as a result of present self-denial.

It is not, perhaps, surprising that many theories are held by
the fishermen regarding the decadence of the lobster. Strange
as it may a{>pear, there are those who stoutly assert that there
has been no decadence in the abundance of the lobster ; and
that, too, in the fiaoe of all the evidence to the contrary, —
eridence so convincing and so overwhelming that it is folly to
gainsay it. One fisherman correspondent thinks that, because
tbe fishermen in his locality are '' still getting a fair living out
of the business . ... shows the lobsters haven't diminished
any in the last twenty-five years on Cape Ann," — a reasoning
so glaringly inconsistent and misleading as to carry its own
refutation. But that is not the worst, for the same individual
gravely writes to the commission as follows : '*I have fished
outside the Salvages and Lodoner and Milk Island Ridge for
the last eleven years, and find a great many lobsters get frost
fnUen in winter,*' The assertion that the sea ofl^ the New £ng-
\and coast, and especially off Cape Ann, is sufficiently chilled
io winter to cause lobsters to be frost bitten at depths rang-
ing firom 15 to 30 fathoms would certainly be startling, if the
"Statement could be relied on. A temperature that would cause
a lobster to be frost bitten at such depths would cover the sur-
&ce of the sea with ice so heavy that no vessel except an ice
breaker could sail through it.

Another, who states that whereas 12,000 lobsters were not
considered a large catch at Chatham fifteen years ago, but
'-,W0 would be above the average season's take now, attrib-
utes the decline to the destruction of the young lobsters by an
enemy which he believes has recently entered the field in that
locality. Writing of this decadence, he says : " The cause is
the great enemy of the young lobster, the English turbot.
• • . Last season I found as high as 41 young lobsters in one
flounder. Fifteen years ago the flounder was unknown here/'
There can be no doubt of the honesty of this statement, but

50 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

this does not prevent it from being erroneous and misleading.

In the first place, the English turbot does not occur in our

I waters, and never did ; it is the common flounder or plaice or

I dab which has been found with young lobsters in its stomach.

There are several species that occur in the waters off Chathanj.
and doubtless have been there in abundance always. Our late
chairman caught quantities of them there on several occasionN
about thirty years ago.

It is well known that young lobsters are preyed upon by
various species of fish, including those of the flounder family :
but it is highly probable that, during its jBree-swimming stage,
when it is near the surface of the sea, it is eaten most exten-
sively by surface fishes, such as the mackerel, bluefish, sque-
teague, etc., although other free-swimming species, like the
cod and pollock, are doubtless more destructive than the
flounder. The latter, as is well known, is strictly what is
known as a bottom-feeding genus, and does not often seek
food at or near the surface of the sea. Nevertheless, the M
fishes are known to pursue their prey to the surface when
occasion demands it ; and there is strong reason to believe
that the flounder is an active and destructive foe of the young
lobster, and one that has always been such. It is, therefore,
not the natural enemies of the young crustaceans that have
caused the marked decadence of adult lobsters at Chatham (or
elsewhere), but the thoughtless and law-defying actions of the
fishermen, who, according to the coirespondent quoted, un-
hesitatingly tear off the eggs from the swimmerets of gravid
female lobsters and then ship them away to market, fiilly con-
tent with trifling present gains, but utterly regardless of the
future. But why should they care, when they, are convinced
that the gradual disappearance of the lobster from their fish-
ing grounds is not due to their own improvident acts, the
result of which was foretold to them years ago, but to the
flounder !

It is unnecessary to follow this farther. The fact is that,
except in rare cases, there is complaint of the scarcity of the
lobster, — growing and continuous scarcity ; but the increase
in price enables the fishermen to eke out a livelihood on a
catch that has been growing less and less as the years went

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

by. The increase in the collection of egg-bearing lobsters
and reported fair catches in one or two localities are the
first rays of light that have been shed in many years on an
otherwise dark picture of industrial decay. Whether they
justify a confident hope of '' better days " remains to be seen ;
but at any rate we can hope, even if our wishes and hopes are
<omewhat overshadowed by misgivings.

As will be seen, the letters of Messrs. Corliss and Locke

show clearly the number of fry hatched from eggs obtained from

lobsters collected on the coast of this State, and they also show

the number of fry hatched from eggs collected in other States,

that were planted off our shores. ^ Reference is made to the

tabulations in the chapter entitled " Work of the United States

Fisheries Biureau " for information as to the points where the

fry were liberated in the sea.

The following table will show the results of the lobster-
hatching work, so far as it applies to Massachusetts, during the
past four years, ending June 30, 1904 : —

Table showing ComparcUive StcUislics of Lobster Culture by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries at the Massachusetts Coast Stations in 1901-04.

1901.

!•••.

1»«8.

1»«4.

Number of egg lobsters,
Eggs obtained.
Fry hatched, .

2,046
26,679,000
24,140,000

2,361
83,241,000
30,362,000

1,323
22,983,000
21,127,000

2,063
36,141,000
30,663,000

If the statistics of the lobster fishery, gathered by this com-
mission, gave any encouragement of an increase of abundance
which would seem to substantiate the indications in the fore-
going table, there would be cause for satisfaction. Unfortu-
nately, however, the contrary is true ; for the figures show
conclusively the same old dreary decadence of supply that has
characterized the lobster fishery for many years, and which has
gone on with the regularity and irresistible force of the move-
ments of an ice floe. If this continues (and there is no present
indication of anything else), the outcome — the commercial

52 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

extinction of the lobster — is as sure to result as day is to
follow night.

There has been an increase of pots per man, but a felling off
in the catch per pot from 33 in 1903 to 28^ in 1904, or a
decadence of about 14 per cent. In thirteen years there has
been a decrease* of more than 66 per cent, in the catch of
lobsters per pot ! Is it necessary to say more ?

The Launch ^^ EgreL'^ — The third section of chapter 408,
Acts of 1904, which was approved and became a law Jane i,
1904, made provision for the procurement of a launch for col-
lecting egg-bearing lobsters, as follows : —

For purchasing, equipping and maintaining a suitable boat to be
used by the said commissioners in enforcing the provisions of this
act, a sum not exceeding four thousand dollars may be expended.

In view of the fact that the collection of egg-bearing lob-
sters involves cruising along the entire shores of the State,
including the long stretch of harborless and dangerous coast
on the east side of Cape Cod, between Provincetown and
Chatham ; and that the delivery of such lobsters to the Woods
Hole station of the United States Fisheries Bureau, for the
purpose of propagation, would likewise necessitate frequent
passages from the north shore of Massachusetts Bay to and
around Cape Cod, as well as across Nantucket shoals to Woods
Hole, — it was evident that the launch acquired should be
large enough to make such a trip in ordinary weather without
too great risk; that she should be sufficiently powerful and
swift to make the runs iu a short time, so as to minimize
the danger arising from prolonged passage ; that she should
be strong and tight, built on a superior design, to ensure the
maximum of seaworthiness ; that she should be equipped
with a well, wherein the lobsters could be kept alive; and
also that she should have accommodations for her crew to
cook, eat and sleep on board, in order that the living expenses
of the men could be kept as low as practicable.

It was quickly seen that such a * ' boat " could not be built
for the sum appropriated ; it would unquestionably cost consid-
erably in excess of $4,000, or else it would have been neces-
sary to construct a launch much smaller than was needed.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo: 25. 53

Besides this, it would have been practically impossible to
design a launch, get out all ber'plans and complete her con-
stroction, in time for her to be used this year in collecting
lobsters.

Under these circumstances, it was promptly determined to
purchase a launch already built, if one could be found which
had the chief requisites, and could be purchased at a reason-
able price. !Even if changes had to be made, it was deemed
possible to make any necessary changes to fit her for her work
and still keep safely within the appropriation, while there was
a probability of getting the boat ready in time to do consider-
able service in the special line for which she was required.

We were fortunate in having learned in advance of a launch
that was for sale, admirably suited to our purpose in many
^'s. She was built by the Muiray & Tregurtha Company
of South Boston, in 1903 ; had been used only a few weeks, —
barely long enough to limber up her engines ; and in every
[)aitieular was as good as new, with the exception that she
required a light coat of paint, a little varnish and the over-
hauling of the tender. Her construction was up to the highest
standard ; she was equipped with a new design four-cylinder
Murray & Tregurtha engine, rated at 20 horse-power, but
developing 26.

The launch had originally cost nearly $4,000, with her
equipment ; we purchased her for $2,750. After the purchase
^^ concluded, the necessary alterations were begun in con-
fonnity with plans of the late chairman, authorized by the
Board.

The " Egret *• has an extreme length of 42 feet, and is 40
feet long on top ; she is 8 feet 6 inches beam, and 4 feet 9
inches moulded depth. The total length of the cabin is 19 feet
finches; it is 7 feet 6 inches wide. The forward cabin is 7
feet 6 inches long. The cockpit is 9 feet 9 inches long ; after
^l of cockpit to extreme stem on top, 2 feet 6 inches.

The ** Egret" has a speed of about 12 miles an hour, or a
^ttle better than 10 knots. She is one of the most power-
Ail and swiftest cruising launches of her size on the coast of
this State, for she easily maintains a 10-knot speed under any
ordinary circumstances. The seaworthiness of the launch was

54 • FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

severely tested in going around Monomoy Point in a stroog
south-west wind. That she passed safely through such an ex-
perience is sufficient evidence of her strength, power and sea-
going qualities. The incident also emphatically demonstrates
how unwise it would be to undertake the work the " Egret"
has to do in a launch less qualified for it in size, or any other
particular.

The changes made in the ** Egret," including equipment for
cooking, changes to and cleaning of engine, ballast, naphtha
for trial trip, etc., cost $850.60. This brings her cost, ready
for service, to $3,600.60, or about $800 less than a new launch
of the same type and size could be built for, if she was equipped
in a similar manner.

The cost of equipment and changes, as given above , does not
include charts of the Massachusetts coast, the cost of which was
about $10 or less.

Reasonable satisfaction is felt by the commission that it has
been able to secure such an excellent boat for such an outlay.

Work of the ''Egret,'' — The ''Egret" was completed and
launched near the close of September ; but owing to the ex-
tensive alterations in her, and especially the building of a well
forward, material change had been made in her displacement
and in her trim. It was therefore necessary to give her pre-
liminary trials before sending her along the coast to collect
egg-bearing lobsters, for it is evident that she might meet mth
serious disaster if not in good working trim.

The first trial trip was a short run down Boston harbor and
return. This run developed the fact that the launch was con-
siderably too much by the head ; consequently, she did not
steer well, and required too much space to turn in . It was
also seen that a bell by which the engineer could be signalled
was an imperative necessity. A few minor alterations were
required.

After the necessary changes were made, such as putting some
ballast under the cockpit floor, installing the bell, etc., the late
chainnan ran down as far as Marblehead on a final trial trip,
which proved that the launch was in shape for the duties she
had to perform. Immediately after, she was put into com-
mission ; and, beginning at Cape Ann, cruised along the coast

liK>4.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 55

from station to station, where egg-bearing lobsters could be
secured, from Gloucester to Monomoy Point, Chatham.

The '* Egret " carried one cargo of lobsters around Cape Cod
to Woods Hole, where she delivered them to the superintend-
ent of the station of the United States Fisheries Bureau.
Subsequently two consignments of egg-bearing lobsters were
shipped to Woods Hole from Boston by rail, since it seemed
better to send them by rail, during the inclement and un-
certain weather of late autumn, than to attempt to transport
them on the launch, especially in consideration of the delays
which were practically certain to be caused by heavy winds
and storms.

We had an arrangement with the Bureau of Fisheries to
deliver 500 egg-bearing lobsters at the Woods Hole station ;
we delivered a total of 504, as already has been stated ; 2
died in transportation, leaving 502 received alive. The State
was reimbursed for them, the money actually paid us for the
lobsters amounting to a total of $125.50. This sum was
turned over to the Treasurer and Receiver-General.

If the experiment of keeping the lobsters over winter at
Woods Hole succeeds, future autumns may bring larger oppor-
tunities for us to aid the work being done by federal authority
on the shores of this State in the artificial propagation of the
lobster. Success in wintering lobsters has been met with in
Maine, and the attempt to winter them at Woods Hole will be
watched with interest.

In addition to those that were sent to Woods Hole, the
"Egret" collected 439 egg-bearing lobsters that were liberated
on the fishing grounds where they were taken. Usually they
were carried one to three miles off shore from where the pots
were set, so that there would be less chance of their capture
the second time this year. In every instance a round hole
was punched through the middle flipper of the tail of a lobster
before it was liberated, so that its purchase the second time
could be easily detected. This hole is so placed that even
after a lobster sheds its shell its mark can be detected. None
were obtained the second time in the fall of 1904, but it is
reasonable to suppose some of the marked crustaceans will be
in evidence in the spring and early summer of 1905.

56 FISH AND GAME. [;i>ec^

We paid a total of $279.80 for lobsters, including $6.35
railroad charges on those sent to Woods Hole. Deducting
the $125.50 returned to the State by the Bureau of FisheBres,
the actual net outlay for lobsters was $154.30. Of course this
does not cover the expenditure incident to running the launch,
the salaries and living expenses of the crew, gasoline for the
engines, etc.

It is pertinent to explain that men fully qualified to fill the
positions of master and engineer on the ' ' Egi*et " had to be
sought for, and could be secured only if employment the year
round was assured them. To place the launch in the hands
of inexperienced or inefficient persons would be to invite disas-
ter; the commission never contemplated taking any chance
like that.

The price paid for lobsters, with the exception oi a few
very large ones obtained at Chatham, was 25 cents each;
25 cents additional was paid for the largest ones. The price
was fixed after consultation with some of the leading lobster
dealers in Boston, and was approximately 25 per cent, more
than they estimated the market price of the average-sized
lobster would be.

As a result of experience, however, we are satisfied that a
better plan than to fix one price per lobster is to weigh the
lobsters when taken from the fishermen, and pay for them, in
accordance with their weight, a reasonable percentage above the
market price. It is not always easy to weigh lobsters when
the boats are bouncing about and pounding each other in a
seaway, and when time is limited and delay dangerous. If
the system is feasible, weighing is the surest way of securing
actual justice to the fishermen. Lobsters on some parts of
the coast are two or three times larger than they are in other
localities ; consequently, they are more valuable either in the
market (where they are practically certain to go, if we don't
buy them) or as egg producers.

The effort to collect egg-bearing lobsters was continued
until near the close of November, — the '' Egret " was hauled
out and put into winter quarters November 25, — at which
time all the lobsters that had been obtained and held in storage
for us had been collected and disposed of. The permits issued

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 57

granted the privilege to collect egg-bearing lobsters until
November 1 north of Cape Cod, but it is evident all could not
be collected bj the ^' Egret" at the same moment. Inclement
weather, and especially several hard gales, delayed the work
of picking up the lobsters from Cape Ann to the fishing sta-
tions aoath of Boston on the so-called south shore ; thus it took
about three weeks to visit all the places where we expected
egg-bearing lobsters were held for us. By that time the fishery
was practically over for the year. The weather was rough or
menacing most of the time. The temperature was occasion-
ally sufficiently low to cause anxiety lest the vapor freeze, and
render the gasoline engine useless.

The crew of the *' Egret" consisted of only two men ; but,

while they have successfully performed the duty devolving

upon them, it is evident that an additional man is needed to

ran the launch. When making a passage, the boat should

bave the full and exclusive attention of a man at the wheel and

another at the engine. Therefore, with only two on board,

th^re is no opportunity to either cook or eat while the launch

is under way. It is clear that either can be attempted only

at a risk ; the only alternative is to take a hasty bite of ship

biscuit and wash it down with cold water, — a most unsatis-

hotary meal for men engaged in hard work, covering long

hours of close application and intense aleitness. A saving

that compels undue hardship or risks which are avoidable is

not economy.

The illustration opposite this page shows the *< Egret " in
ordinary cruising trim, running down Boston harbor at full

speed.

Summary of Lobster Work done by the ^^Egrei.^

Marked and liberated at sea, 439

Died while in oar possession, 22

Lobsters whose eggs were destroyed by accident while in our pos-
session, 5

Forwarded to Woods Hole, 504

Whole number of egg-bearing lobsters collected, 970

]9amber less than lOi inches, 52

We are making elsewhere recommendations for a '* lobster
meaf* bill (see page 150), which prohibits the sale of uncanned

/■■.

•

58 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

lobster meat without the shell. Further, the bill requiring that
lobster fishermen be required to secure from this Board a per-
mit, which could be revoked at any time in case the holder
was caught violating any law for the protection of lobsters, is
also in the line of advanced and efficient legislation, and makes
towards uniform legislation throughout the lobster-producing
regions. These measures are moderate and salutary, but are
opposed by fishermen, who appear not to have the faculty of
seeing beyond the immediate present. When our late chair-
man, Captain Collins, was asked before the committee why he
did not recommend a close season, he replied that he 'waa desir-
ous of trying other measures before inflicting such a hardship
upon the men dependent on lobster catching for a living.

Deep-sea Fisheries.

Importance, — The commercial importance of the sea fish-
eries of this State is shown by the following figures, extracted
from a recently issued bulletin of the United States Bureau of
Fisheries, supplying statistics of the New England fisheries for
1902. It is &ir to state, however, that the statements made,
statistical or otherwise, so far as they relate to values of fishery
products, are based on prices paid the fishermen, — often for
undressed fish taken from nets, ox on lines, and brought in bv
boats the same day ; and they purposely fail to convey any-
thing like an adequate idea of the value of the prepared product
as it goes to the consumer, whether it passes through opera-
tions which may justify its designation as a manufactured arti-
cle, or simply receives the care and attention which must be
given to fresh fish to insure their proper fitness for food when
they reach their destination, — the consumer. Speaking, then,
in general terms, it is safe to estimate that the value of sea
products, especially those used for food, are enhanced fully an
average of 100 per cent, in the course of preparation for ship-
ment. In order, therefore, to get at the correct value of the
fisheries products of this State, it is entirely conservative, in
our judgment, to double the figures given. So far, however,
as the statistics relate to other matters, no such allowance need
be made.

The authority cited shows that, in 1902, Massachusetts had

1W4.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 59

employed in its fisheries 14,300 persons, 594 vessels, with a
total tonnage of 31,965 tons,* and a value, including outfits,
of $3,903,774; 11 vessels of 405 tons with outfits, and worth
821,285, transporting fishery products (chiefly or wholly lob-
sters): 2,688 boats, valued at $213,963; 253 seines, 9,071
gill nets, 170 pound nets, trap nets and weirs, 18 fyke nets,
l')5 dip nets, 65 beam trawls, lines valued at $182,879,
9i*4 eel pots and 26,376 lobster pots.f These, together with
dredges, harpoons and other forms of apparatus, had an aggre-
gate valuation of $602,918. Including shore property, such
a:> fish houses, etc., and cash capital required to conduct the
bosiness, the capital invested in the fisheries of Massachusetts
in 1902 was $10,811,594. This more than equalled the invest-
ments of all the other New England States combined, since
their total capital in the fisheries was $9,157,437. The prod-
ucts of the Massachusetts fisheries aggregated 230,645,950
pounds, with a value of $6, 482,427. If we double this amount,
to arrive at an approximate value of the products when they
go out from the wholesale dealers, we find a total of nearly
$13,000,000 as the amount annually gathered from the sea by
our fishermen. The position held by this State in the yield of
the fisheries is shown by the fact that the total value of fish
products of Maine, New Hampshire,, Rhode Island and Oon-
necticut, as given by the Bureau of Fisheries, was $5,797,974
in 1902, or nearly three-quarters of a million dollars less than
the products of this Commonwealth were estimated to be
worth.

The local importance of the vessel fisheries of Boston and
Gloacester, the two largest fishing ports of the State, is shown
in the figures given below, these being extracted from monthly
buUetins issued by the United States Bureau of Fisheries.
These do not, of course, convey a comprehensive and exact
idea of the fisheries or fish trade of either port, for the reason
%i they do not include the boat fisheries. Beside this, it

* The preflomption is that net tons are meant in the table issued by the Bureau,
^t sQch is not stated. If so, then consideration should be g^lven to recent changes
in the tonnage laws, whereby fishing vessels measure much less than formerly. By
t^e standards in vogue a few years ago the same fleet of fishing craft now owned in
this State would exceed 40,000 tons in the aggregate.

t The number reported to the Fish and Game Commission under oath was 20,008

60 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

is only just to say that large quantities of fish are landed
at Boston from vessels belonging in other ports, including
Gloucester, these being practically all firesh products. Never*
theless, the statements made are interesting and valuable. If
we double the values, we will be able to arrive at a fairly close
approximation of the worth of the fish brought in hy the
vessels, even if it is acknowledged that such an estimate makes
no account of secondary products, such as tongues, sounds,
livers, fish skins, etc.

During the year ending Oct. 30, 1904, the fish landed
from American vessels at Gloucester and Boston aggregated
127,094,681 pounds of fresh and 39,248,360 pounds of salt
products, with a combined value of $4,266,492. Of these,
Gloucester received 45,087,665 pounds of fresh fish, valued at
$797,141, and 38,173,360 pounds of salt fish, worth $1,404,-
237 ; while Boston had 82,007,016 pounds of fresh fish, value
$2,035,017, and 1,075,000 pounds of salt fish, worth $30,097.

The figures show conclusively that Gloucester is still heavily
engaged in the salt fish industry, in which it always has been
pre-eminent. Therefore, while it remains the great fishing
port of the country, and sends to sea the largest fishing fleet
that floats in the open ocean from a single port under the
American flag, and while many of its finest vessels engage in
the market fishery at least a part of the year, Boston, with its
wonderful steamer and railroad facilities, remained the leading
market of the State and of the country for fresh sea fish. This
trade, which has already reached large proportions, must neces-
sarily develop until the fish market of Boston is to America
what Billingsgate is to Great Britain.

Disasters. — Although the fisheries have not been exempt
from disaster, — losses of life and property that would appal
those less accustomed to the dread havoc wrought from time
to time, — and notwithstanding there has been suflTering and
death incident to fishing and loss of fine vessels by stranding,
the unique fact stands out in bold relief that for the first time
in many years not a single Gloucester fishing vessel, up to the
date of this report, has foundered at sea, going down with all
hands. This may justly be ascribed to the improvement in
fishing vessels that has taken place in less than eighteen years.

904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 61

L]£hough our late chairman scarcely dared to hope that he
roald live to see bis hopes realized, and with a full apprecia-
lOD of the danger he incurred of being considered an unjus-
tfiable agitator or crank, he nevertheless ventured to write
lie following in 1882, when urging changes in the design and
onstruction of our deep-sea fishing vessels : —

Eveiy fisherman who goes forth to brave the perils of the deep,
rhose saccess and life itself depends upon the merit of his vessel,
sboold be well informed in regard to which is the safest model and
the best rig ; every woman, patiently and hopefully watching for the
retorn from sea of those she loves, should at least have the conso*
l&Uon of knowing that those she waits for have sailed in the very htst
ressel that human skill can devise; every merchant who sends his
fleet to sea should feel that everything has been done which can be
done to relieve him of the enormous burden of insurance, which for
years has so handicapped the Gloucester fisheries. If what I have

vritten has any influence in bringiog about a result so much to be
wished for, then I shall be amply repaid for my labor.

This year has seemingly brought what then could only be

seen by &ith. For, despite the fact that the conditions &oed

were never more severe, the vessels have passed scathless

through the wildest storms, so long as they had sea room, and

proudly defied the elements. Instead of widowed women and

&therles8 children, as a result of schooners foundering at sea

in storms, not a single casualty of that nature has been reported,

and the loss, of life in consequence is reduced to a minimum.

Then, too, the vessels are better fitted for their work than ever

before, as is evidenced by their increased earnings, even in a

so-called «' bad year ; " for the maximum stocks earned in the

lading fisheries have been several times greater than they were

thirty years ago, notwithstanding the scarcity of cod, mackerel

and other si)ecies which are chiefly relied upon for financial

results.

But, while much benefit has resulted from the wide adoption
of properly designed vessels, the fact remains that the fisheries
have not been exempt from loss of life, sometimes under cir-
e\«ftstaivce8 of such a character that a bare statement of facts
^ould read like a chapter extracted from the creation of a novel-
\sts brain when indulging in the wildest forms of fancy. Much

62 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

property has likewis.e been lost, chiefly because of vessels
stranding on outlying reefs, ledges or headlands, when the
fishermen were running in thick fogs and snows. It is not
practicable here, however, to do more than mention such dis-
asters in the briefest manner, however much the conditions
surrounding them tempt the pen to give them more extended
mention. There have been numerous instances of rescue of
men and vessels, the details of which are always interesting
and are sometimes thrilling, but such have to be omitted.

The Cape Ann *'News" of Oct. 29, 1904, reviewing the
losses in the fisheries for the year ending with the close of that
month, said : ''The number of men who have been sacrificed
in this hazardous but honorable calling has been the smallest
of any year since 1865, for it was but 20, who left 3 widows
and 9 children. ..." Of these, 2 died on board their ves-
sels while in port and 1 was drowned in dock ; consequently,
it will be seen that only 17 men were lost while actually
engaged in fishing. Inasmuch as 1 of those who died in port
was married, it therefore appears that only 2 women were
widowed as a result of the dangers of fishing.

Of the men who met death at sea, part were washed over-
board in gales and drowned, and some were lost while out in
boats, attending trawls.

Up to the close of October, according to the *'Ne\vs,"
Gloucester had lost '* 11 vessels, with a gross tonnage of
1,191.03 and of net 719.69 " tons. Four of these vessels were
employed in the winter market fishery (3 of them were clas-
sified as ** shore fishermen" and the other ''a winter had-
docker ") , 1 was engaged in the Grand Bank halibut fishery,
2 were mackerel fishing on the southern grounds ( 1 of these
was run down by steamship " Deutschland " ) , and 4 were
employed in the Newfoundland herring trade, which hs^^
recently grown to be exceedingly dangerous. One of the
latter was the steamer '* Alice M. Jacobs," which was stranded
on the Newfoundland coast while making a passage. Three
of these vessels were small, and of comparatively slight value,
one being only 5 tons, 1 between 11 and 12 tons and 1 of 13
tons. All the others were fine vessels, among the largest and
best built for the fisheries.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 63

The account given by the '* News" did not include the fish-
ing schooner ** Patriot" of Gloucester, which, according to
the Boston ** Herald" of July 4, 1904, went ashore at high
tide on the Shovel Shoal late in the afternoon of July 2, and
became ''a total wreck, having been pounded so heavily by
the breakers daring the night that she will never he fit for ser-
vice. . . . None of them [the crew] saved anything except
clothing worn. . . . The wreckers discovered ... a large
bole in the bottom of the ' Patriot.' ..." We are not informed
that this schooner was subsequently saved.

Meantime, several other vessels engaged in the fisheries from
Massachusetts ports were reported lost, but fortunately without
loss of life except in one instance. The whaling schooner
*' Carrie D. Knowles" of Provincetown sailed from home Jan-
uary 27, and on May 8, 1904, the Boston '*Post" declared
thaX: ^'The Knowles left port intending to go straight to
Dominica, where she was to ship what more men she needed
for whaling." No news had come of her, — she was reckoned
\rith the missing ; and the ' < Post " published the statement
that hope had " utterly gone out of the breasts of those who
ue accostomed not to relinquish it all until there is absolute
surety that there shall be no late returning." It was reported
tbat the "Kiiowles" had a crew of 15 men when she sailed
from Provincetown.

The whaling bark ** President" was lost by stranding on the
west coast of Africa, but there was no loss of life.

The fishing schooner ** Maggie Sullivan" was reported as
having been stranded and lost on the west coast of Nova
Scotia.

Many fishing vessels have been stranded and subsequently

saved, and there have been niunerous hair-breadth escapes of

fis\iennen from imminent death. In one case the crew of a

schooner, stranded on Sable Island, rowed more than a hundred

miles to reach the mainland of Nova Scotia, and thus to escape

from their enforced imprisonment on a sand bar in mid ocean.

Half.fi^zen fishermen rescued from boats surrounded by ice

ftoes and being driven to sea and to certain death ; power-

toven dories rendered helpless by gasoline freezing in tanks,

ww^ exposing fishermen to almost certain destruction ; men •

64 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

reaching ports in small boats in the midst of wild flurries of
snow ; others astray for eleven days without food or water,
exposed to the perils of the open ocean in a small open dory ;
others on an iceberg that rolled over ; one with his hand blown
off while firing a signal for men out in a fog ; and others still
who were exposed to the innumerable hardships and dangers
incident to fishing, — were some of the many happenings that
have come to our notice, but which, fortunately, w^ere not
fatal.

One particularly sad incident was that where two men, fail-
ing to find their schooner in the bitter winter weather of the
early year, actually froze to death in their boat. One was
washed out of his dory on Georges Bank and drowned.

Subordination^ etc. — The unhappy results of insubordina-
tion of men on fishing vessels, which was such a deplorable
feature of the fisheries of 1903, seem not to have been re-
peated this year. The most careful inquiry develops the fact
that little difficulty has been experienced in getting crews or
in maintaining reasonable discipline — fishermen's discipline —
on board the vessels. In only one instance has there been
trouble on a Banker. A part of her crew left her while she
was in a Nova Scotia port on her second trip ; in consequence,
the vessel was compelled to return home and enter another
branch of fishery.

It is true that there have been brief periods when difficoltj-
was experienced in securing fishermen, because of their scarcity,
but these have occurred rarely, and comparatively little troabfe
has resulted.

Mackerel Fishery, — As a whole, the mackerel fishery has
not been successful during the season of 1904. Bad weather
in the early spring made the southern shore fishery unprofitr
able as compared with other seasons, although the drifters,
operating gill nets, did fairly well. Later it was claimed, ap-
parently witli good reason, that the repeated discharge of heavy
guns from warships engaged in target practice off Neman's
Land scared away the mackerel in that vicinity, and scattered
them to such an extent that a profitable fishery was destroyed.*

* It is a fact well known to all familiar with the mackerel {Scomber scon^^)
that it is extremely sensitive to noises, especially those of an explosive nature. lo
those days when the mackerel was taken chiefly with hook and line, care was ob-

904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 65

The fogs of summer and the greater or less scattering of the
nackerel on different feeding grounds had their influence on
he season's catch, which was further limited by the early
leparture of the fish in the fall.

Thus, while it is true that the season did not a<3tually close
until after the middle of November, some of the seiners re-
maining late on the Nova Scotia coast or off Cape Breton, in
hopes of making a big catch, it is nevertheless a fBLCt that the
mackerel fishery practically came to a close before the end of
September. Some time before that date there was ample evi-
dence of the departure of the bulk of the fish, and several
of the vessels early abandoned the pursuit of mackerel and
promptly entered into some other branch of the fishery. From
this time until late November gales brought in the last strag-
glers of the fleet, the vessels dropped out, one by one, to go
elsewhere,' until only a few were left to hunt for the evasive
schools of fish that were occasionally reported here and there,
bat which, with slight exception, the wild fierce gales of
autumn protected from capture by fishing schooners.

The early fleet got away as usual for the southern fishing
grounds. Reports had reached the fishing centres of mackerel
being seen north of Cape Hatteras early in March ; the previ-
ous year's catch had been mostly disposed of, and, as is well
known, the early catches meet with a ready demand and high
prices when taken fresh to New York and other markets. All
this held out the requisite temptation for the early departure
of the fleet, the leaders of which were off in good season to
look for the first **bluebacks" that "showed up" north of
Gape Hatteras. The schooner '* Ralph L. Hall," the first of
the fleet to sail, was reported to have started March 26 ; but,

ieired that little noiae should be made on board a vessel lying to with a school of
fish alongside. Anything falling heavily on deck, and making a sharp, resounding
noise, would almost surely drive away mackerel, however contented and peaceful
they had previously been. For this reason, and because it seems probable that the
dijicharge of heavy ordnance, that might be heard many miles, would frighten
mackerel and drive them from waters ordinarily frequented by them, it is regret-
table that some other part of the ocean has not been selected for target practice, —
a part of the Atlantic where such operations will not disturb an industry, and give
rise to complaints that the welfare of poor fishermen is of little consequence to a
rich and powerful government. For, however little justification there may be for
mch a charge, the continuance of such operations, in spite of protest, leaves a bit-
terness in the hearts of many who feel they have unnecessarily been robbed of their
bread while helpless to defend themselves.

66 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

because it was known to fishermen that the moon during' April
would not be favorable to night fishing, the majority did not
hurry to get away as early as usual.

It was not the fault of the enterprising fishermen that their
efforts were 'not sooner rewarded. But bad weather and other
unfavorable conditions defied skill and determination, for fi^h
could not be seined in gales or under other unsuitable circum-
stances. A few small captures were taken reasonably early
in the season, but weeks went by with little result outside of
catches made by the gill netters, whose operations were less
interfered with by the weather than those of the seiners'.
Thus the ^' cream of the season" — that period when large
catches and big prices are often secured — went by without
big hauls by the seiners being reported. As late as April 23
it was reported in the press that ' ' the catch of fresh mackerel
by the fleet to date has been 855 barrels," — a ¥ery small
amount; also that ''the mackerel fleet has had . . . during
the past week ... no luck at all. Owing to the unfeivorable
weather, the fleet has landed no mackerel."

Some fine catches were made later in the spring than usual,
and a few of the seiners did well ; but the chief profit obtained
was secured by the little drifters that carried only a few men
each. Although their catches were small as compared >^ith
those of some of the larger craft, they were more uniform,
more e(}ually distributed, and, being shared in, by smaller
crews, gave an average profit that compared fisivorably with
that earned by the men on the big schooners. A part of this
success of the gill netters was due to the fact that the early
catches made by them sold for high prices, — prices much
higher than usual, because the seiners were doing so poorly.
The men on one of the netters, which stocked $3,100 on her
southern trip, shared $203 each. The claim was made that
the schooner '' Florida" was high line of the drift-net fishing
craft on southern grounds; her crew shared $375 each. The
schooner ^'M. Madeline" also did well; she stocked $3,500
with a crew of 8 men, each of whom shared $235. The little
schooner ''Motor" was another *' lucky" one; she arrived
home from a netting trip to southern grounds July 8, up to
which date she had stocked $4,000, her crew sharing $3'')0
each.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 67

The first mackerel of the season to arrive were landed at
Fortress Monroe, Va., on April 7, by the auxiliary schooner
** Victor" of Gloucester. Her catch was reported as only 29
barrels, these having been caught about 30 miles east of Cape
Henry. The auxiliary schooner ** Saladin," also of Gloucester,
made a catch of 8,000 fish — about 75 or 80 barrels — on the
same day the ' * Victor " took hers ; but carried them to New
York, ^w'here she arrived the day after the ' * Victor " reached
Fortress Monroe. It was also reported that the schooner
*'*' Rival " likewise caught a fare of mackerel at the same time
and place, but while on her passage to New York she ran
aground on Brigantine Shoal, off the New Jersey coast, and
was wrecked. As already shown, adverse conditions prevailed
the larger part of April; and, although an occasional good
&re was pulled out of the stormy sea, like a brand snatched
from the burning, comparatively little was done until after
the first of May. Then the fish had moved toward the east
end of Long Island and off Block Island, consequently much
of the catch was landed at Newport, although many fish were
carried to New York. As the mackerel moved to the grounds
off Block Island and vicinity they were not only eagerly fol-
lowed by the larger vessels of the fleet, but as early as May 10
it was reported that fully 100 boats — sailing and auxiliary —
were in the waters of Vineyard Sound, awaiting the appear-
aoce on near-by fishing grounds of the schools of mackerel
which had been reported a few days previously off Fire Island,
and swiftly passing eastward along the Long Island shore.
Immediately thereafter, on May 13, many arrivals of mackerel
at New York and Newport were reported. Among the most
notable of these were the following: the schooner *'Norum-
bega,** with 500 barrels; ** Annie Greenlow," 250 barrels;
'< Constellation,'' 285 barrels; and several others with fares
ranging from 100 to 220 barrels. For the week ending May 14
it was claimed that the fleet landed 6,904 barrels of '^ large,
fresh mackerel," of which 3,148 barrels were brought to mar-
ket by the netters and 3,756 by seiners. On May 16 another
large list of arrivals was noted, but mostly with small fares.
The schooner ** Pinta " was reported to have landed 260 barrels,
but that was the largest catch.

68 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Early in May some of the mackerel schooners abandoned the
fishery on the southern grounds, came home and fitted for the
so-called Cape shore fishery, — off the southern coast of NoTa
Scotia. The first to sail for the Cape shore got away on
May 11. Many fine fares were secured while the fish were
passing eastward, which added materially to the incomes of the
season. On June 4 it was stated that for the week ending that
date the fleet landed 5,554 barrels of mackerel, all of which
were fresh except 85 barrels. On June 7 the schooner ** Vic-
tor " arrived at Gloucester from the Cape shore with a Sbltb of
700 barrels of mackerel, according to the Cape Ann ** News "
of June 8, 300 barrels of these being salt fish and the re^
mainder fresh. The '' Saladin " landed 200 barrels at Newport
on June 6, and the next morning was in port again with 200
barrels more. On June 7 the schooner **Lena and Maud''
landed 15,000 fresh mackerel and 300 barrels of salt fish ; the
'^Balph L. Hall" was reported in same date with an equal
quantity ; the «* Natalie J. Nelson" with 325 salt and 15,000
fresh mackerel. Two days later the following *' rousing &res "
were landed: schooner '*Lena and Maud" of Gloucester, 550
barrels ; " Natalie J. Nelson," Gloucester, 600 barrels ; " Ralph
L. Hall," Gloucester, 550 barrels ; ** Kentucky," Gloucester,
from a two-weeks trip, with fare sold for $4,347.88; "Con-
stellation," Gloucester, from a two-weeks trip, with stock
of $5,669; and '< Saladin" with 200 barrels. On June 12
the schooner *< Grayling" arrived, with 275 barrels of salt
mackerel and 10,000 (equal to about 100 barrels) fresh fish.
The next day it was reported that the schooners ** Avalon"
and " Priscilla Smith " each landed 500 barrels.

The schooner " Bertha and Pearl " of Gloucester was reported
on June 13 to be high line of the mackerel fleet for the sea-
son to that date, she having stocked $10,187.76 as a result of
her fishery on the southern grounds and on the Cape shore.
Her crew had shared $250.04 each. Eleven days later, June
24, the honor of having been high line of the fleet was claimed
for the auxiliary schooner '* Saladin," which at that date had
earned a stock of $13,403. But this distinction was tempo-
rary, for on July 15 the ** Bertha and Pearl" arrived, with
15,000 fresh fish and 275 barrels of salt mackerel, and was
again acclaimed " high line of the fleet." ^

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 69

The new schooner *' Lucania " was reported as having arrived

on June 2 with 20,000 fresh mackerel and 320 barrels of salt

fish. The mackerel fishery ofl' the southern coast of Nova

Scotia, or Cape shore, is of short duration, for the fish are

migrating, and pass rapidly eastward on their way to the Gulf

of St. Lawrence. In recent years they apparently break up

into small *• *• pods," or scatter and disappear after passing

through the Strait of Canso or around the eastern end of Cape

Breton Island. It was stated that the mackerel fishery at the

^lagdalen Islands in the early sununer of 1904 was an absolute

&ilare. ^^ There had not been a single mackerel seen" there

prior to Jane 15, it was reported ; and those who went there

to catch mackerel in gill nets were compelled to go elsewhere

U> feh. A report was brought in, moreover, by the crew of

the schooner ** Moween," which arrived at Gloucester on June

22, that, while they were trawl fishing for cod off Anticosti,

''mackerel of the largest size would follow the fish on the

trawl to the sur&ce, and they could be seen passing under the

dory almost continuously." They believed there were large

quantities of mackerel in the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; but sub-

aequent results did not prove that they were taken there in

great numbers.

As usual, the early catch of mackerel was sold fresh, and
newly caught salt fish did not appear in the market in quantity
until after the middle of May.

The fishery on the Cape shore had barely ceased, indeed, the
bst of it was probably still in progress, when large bodies of
nuuikerel were found off Neman's Land, migrating slowly in the
direction of Georges Bank. Therefore, as soon as there was a
<^«asation in the fishing south of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton,
the vessels piled on canvas and drove away to the south-west
ioi new fields on Georges. Thus, while on July 9 it was re-
ported that the fares of salt mackerel landed the week previous
were from off Neman's Land, the statement was made a week
later that " the fleet is now mostly on Georges. ..."

Meantime, some fine fares of mackerel had been taken on
Georges, for whereas the market reports on July 12 com-
plained of a scarcity of fish of this species, numerous arrivals
^ere noted three days later. Among these were the following :
schooner ** Faustina" of Gloucester, reported July 15 as having

70 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

stocked $4,755 on her trip, her crew sharing $112.57 each;
schooner '* Norumbega," stock $3,477, share $83.47 ; ** Lelia
E. Norwood," stock $2,273, share $65.11; ^* Natalie J. Nel-
son," stock $3,662, share $81.14. Mention has already been
made of the fare brought in on same date by the ^^ Hertha and
Pearl." It was stated on July 18 by the Cape Ann ** News'"
that this schooner had ''just completed another successful
mackerel trip." Her stock on the trip was $5,800; share,
• $141.50. Up to that date the " Bertha and Pearl," it was as-
serted, had made a stock for the season of three months' fishing
of $16,000, and the crew's share amounted to $395 each, — a
result rarely equalled in the same length of time. The same
date, July 18, the schooner '<Pinta," which had been absent
from port only forty-eight hours, was reported to have arrived
with 22,000 mackerel, that sold for 12 cents each ; the ** Gos-
sip " was in, with 5,000 fresh mackerel and 320 barrels of salt
fish, which stocked $4,000 in round numbers, share, $90;
''Electric Flash," with 280 barrels; and "Victor," with 165
barrels of salt and 15,000 fresh mackerel. This fare, accord-
ing to the Gloucester "Daily Times," brought the stock of the
** Victor" up to $17,000 for the season, and, temporarily at
least, made her high line of the fleet. The fact also appeared
in the press at this time that the schooner ' ' Balph L. Hall "
had made a season's stock to date of $14,700 ; and a stock on
her last trip, landed shortly before, of $5,747, her crew sharing
$117 each.

The schooner ' ' Grayling " was among the leaders, for od
July 27 she was credited with having stocked nearly $16,000
for the season, and was reported to have stocked $3,238 on a
fare landed just previous to that date, her crew sharing $72.88
on the trip.

The Gloucester '* Daily Times" of July 23, 1904, reported
that the schooner *' Lewis H. Giles," *'on her recent seining
trip," stocked $6,071 ; her crew shared $134.36. This proved
to be one of the best fares of mackerel of the season.

During the brief season of good fishing, sharks were exceed-
ingly abundant and troublesome ; and the mackerel on Georges
soon grew wild and more or less scattered, so that there were
few large fares landed after July, and the good catches in

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 71

August and later were rare. The schooner "James and
Esther,'' which was reported as arriving with 12,000 fresh
mackerel caught in the South Channel, was " a rarity at T
wharfs then. The fact that the fish sold for 20 cents each is
sufficient to show the scarcity of mackerel at that time. The
fleet vainly hunted the fishing grounds ovet, from Block Island
to the east coast of Cape Breton, in search of large schools of
mackerel. At first the waters of the Gulf of Maine and further
south were harried from Block Island to Nova Scotia; and,
as the season advanced and migrating mackerel were expected
to put in an appearance off the Cape Bi*eton coast and along
the south shore of Nova Scotia, some of the fleet went there,
with the hope of success. Little was accomplished, however,
ou any of the fishing grounds after midsummer ; and the only
important catch of a seiner in the late fall was made by the
''Victor," which was reported to have taken 125 barrels off
the Cape Breton coast early in November. On the night of
November 9 a catch of 1,400 big mackerel was made by the
gill netting schooner «' Grace," between Gloucester and Cape
Cod; but the fish were evidently moving rapidly, for no other
good catches were reported. On November 18 the last of the
seiners were reported as arriving home, except one, — all
empty except the *' Victor." Under all the circumstances,
it is remarkable that so many fine fares were landed and such
excellent stocks were earned by some of the vessels. The
results secured indicate unmistakably that nowhere else in the
world has greater skill, enterprise and efficiency been shown
io the fisheries than was displayed in the Massachusetts' mack-
erel fleet during the season of 1904 ; and nowhere else can be
found such efficient apparatus for capture, and such swift,
powerful and quick-working sailing vessels as those constituting
the bulk of the fleet.

Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the fishery has been
the notable display of skill, tireless energy and determination
exhibited for the second year in succession by Capt. Joseph
Smith, master of the schooner "Bertha and Pearl," who,
although now three score and ten or thereabouts, has exhibited
endurance that could reasonably be looked for only in the
hardiest young men. It is no child's play to compete for high

72 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

line honors in the mackerel fleet ; and he who vrins or comes
near winning can maintain his position only by a happy com-
bination of qualities of mind and body that are sufficiently rare
in the comparatively young to make them little short of mar-
vellous in one who has reached the time of life when the aver-
age man is utterly incapable of such extraordinary exertion,
exposure and endurance as are required. It is the limit of
strenuosity for the strongest, and rare indeed is it that one of
advanced years is equal to the extraordinary strain.

The highest mackerel stocks of the year, as reported to us,
are as follows: schooner *' Grayling" stocked $21,547, crew
shared $475.18 each; schooner «* Victor" stocked $20,000,
in round numbers; schooner '< Marguerite Haskins *' stocked
$18,372,^ crew shared $392.53 each; the stock of schooner
" Bertha and Pearl " was reported to be between $18,000 and
$20,000, but was probably close to the former figure.

The total catch of mackerel by the New England fleet during
the season of 1904, as reported to the Boston Fish Bureau,
wsa 75,125 barrels, of which 28,323 were salted and 46,802
barrels were fresh fish. The catch was 39,533 barrels less than
that of 1903, — a material falling off. The proportion of the
catch marketed fresh is only slightly in excess of that of the
year previous, it being in excess of 62 per cent, in 1904 and
above 60 per cent, in 1903. It is probable that a larger per-
centage would have gone to the market fresh this year, except
for the fact that so large a part of the catch was taken on fish-
ing grounds remote from markets, and often in such small
quantities that it was inadvisable to ' ' run in " such small lots
fresh.

The best fishing from southern Massachusetts — from ports
on Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters — was
a complete failure this year. The fishermen believe their
success was destroyed by the target practice of warships.

The annulment of the rule of the Treasury Department^
whereby a duty was assessed by government officials on the
brine in which imported mackerel were cured, was a matter of
much moment to those engaged in the importation of foreign-
caught fish.

The Bank Cod Fishery, — This year has been an exception-

19040 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 73

ally unfavorable one for the cod fishery on the eastern banks.
The scarcity of the cod and the diflSculty attending the pro-
curement of bait, coupled with an unusual if not heretofore
unknown abundance of the dogfish on the far eastern fishing
£jrounds, were obstacles to the obtainment of good fares that
fe^r could overcome. But, while the bulk of the fleet brought
home " half fares" or light catches, a few of the schooners
were fortunate enough to secure large faros ; because of the
bij^b prices, they made big stocks which compare favorably
with those of previous years.

The first vessels got away early ; a few were reported to

have sailed before the end of February, despite the severe

temperature. They were not much helped, however, by this

early departure, for after they called at Nova Scotia ports to

take on board part of their crews, the schooners were frozen in

and had to lie in harbor until milder conditions released them*

The outfitting of bankers continued until May, although the

majority of the fleet got away before that date ; for cured fish

were reported extremely high in March, and the temptation

was great to get fares home early.

To what extent the dogfish interfered with the presence of
bait species along the provincial coast, or whether it was re-
sponsible for the scarcity of cod on the fishing grounds east
of Cape Sable, cannot now be determined. It was, however,
reported as unusually abundant in those regions ; as bothering
the fishermen on the Grand Bank and as far north as *^ Bacca-
lealt Bank " on the east coast of Newfoundland ; and fully up
to its reputation in voracity and destructiveness. If such
statements were correct, there can be little doubt of the evil
influence of a species the presence of which in great numbers
on any fishino^ ground invariably causes there a scarcity of the
fish it preys upon. It therefore follows that herring, squid
and other bait species may have been less abundant than com-
monly, because of the extraordinary plentifulness of this pest
of the fishermen, and a like influence may have been exercised
upon the cod. The wonder is that both cod and bait species
were not utterly driven from their usual haunts when the dog-
. fish appearad)^^^— a result generally looked for when it swarms
on fishing grounds further west. But, Avhatever the evil eflfect

74 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

of the dogfish, it appears that neither the cod nor bait species
were completely driven away ; consequently, in a few cases the
fishermen did well.

An innovation in the cod fishery which attracted much
notice was the successful use of a seine for the capture of fish
on the banks. The schooner " Maxine Elliott" of Gloucester
was the pioneer in this new departure. She sailed April 11
for the fishing grounds near Sable Island; and, while her
master had been one of the prominent captains in the don
hand-line cod fishery, he was equipped on this trip with a
seine of special design for catching codfish or related species
in the shallow water and on the smooth bottom near Sable
Island, or more especially its long, shallow sand bars, that
stretch out miles from each end of the island. In late spring
or early summer schools of cod and pollock often appear in
shallow water on these bars, and can be seen in two or three
fathoms in large numbers. Frequently they will not bite a
hook, whatever tlie lure. Sometimes the pollock are said to be
Tery numerous above the cod, and so ravenous that it is nearly
impossible to get a baited hook to the bottom without it being
first taken by the fish at the surface.

In addition to a full equipment for dory hand-line fishing,
dories and all, a mackerel seine boat was carried on the " Max-
ine Elliott " to operate the big net.

The '* Elliott " arrived home June 23, and brought in a fare
of 275,000 pounds of salt fish, more than half of which were
pollock. The experiment of seining fish on the bars of Sable
Island was successful, especially so to the extent that it was a
method of cod fishery which could be pursued without bait.
In luture years, when the proportion of cod is larger, the
results may be more gi-atifying.

The unusually small catch of cod on all the eastern banks
the fishermen attribute to the notable scarcity of bait in mid-
summer, and likewise to the remarkable scarcity of cod, and
windy weather in later Aveeks or months, when the cod fishing
season was nearins: a close.

In spring herring Avere plentiful, as usual, at the Magdalen
Islands, and schooners that went there for bait easily got a
supply. But the herring resorts to these islands at that season

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 75

5oleIj for the purpose of reproduction, and when it has spawned
it scatters or goes elsewhere ; thus its season is short, and it
can be relied on for a bait supply in this region only a few
weeks. It is seldom the second supply of bait can be secured,
unle^ss a vessel is fishing near by, and more rarely that the same
schooner would get herring bait at the Magdalens three times
in succession. Capelin appeared at the usual time on the
Newfoundland baj^s and harbor, but they were scarce, and
left the coast sooner than conunon. While capelin could be
secured for bait the vessels obtained good cod fishing. The
squid, which is chiefly relied upon for a bait supply, reached
the coast late, and it probably has seldom if ever been so
scarce and difficult of procurement. Ordinarily this bait species
can be taken in considerable numbers on the banks, especially
on the Grand Bank ; but there is a unity of statement to the
effect that the fishermen have never known squid so scarce on
the Grand Bank as this year. It was impracticable to get
enough bait at sea to meet the requirements. Much time was
spent in discouraging efi'orts to obtain bait; the schooners
were driven from point to point on the coast, and every device
known to the fisherman's skill was ehiployed to overcome the
difficulties met with, but often without success. Under all the
circumstances, it was fortunate that the men of the crews bore
the delays and disappointments so well as they did. There
ij^ good authority for stating that little difficulty was experi-
enced with the crews. This is decidedly creditable to the
fehermen.

The limits of this report preclude mention of much that
would be interesting and instructive. Suffice it to say that, not-
withstanding almost insurmountable obstacles, a few schooners
were lucky ; they obtained good fares, and those particularly
which landed fine catches in late autumn earned stocks more
suggestive of a prosperous season than of a period remarkably
lean and unsatisfactory.

Following are some of the most notable fares and stocks :
the schooner "Elector" of Gloucester was high line of the
bank cod fishing fleet. As a result of two trips to the Grand
Bank, she landed 500,000 pounds of salt cod, earned an ag-
gregate of $18,535.06, and each of the sharesmen received

7« FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

$615.77.* She sailed March 2, and arrived home from her
last trip on October 27. The next best catch api>ears to have
been made by the Gloucester schooner "Aloha," which is
credited with landing two fine iares and stocking $18,315.41.
Her crew of 22 men each shared $347.44. The schooner
*' HazelR. Hines," as a result of two trips, stocked $17,312.10.
Oapt. Joseph V. Cusick of Gloucester, in two vessels, the
'* Helen G. "Wells " and the new schooner '' Independence IL,"
secured a good stock. He sailed February 25, made two trips
on the ** Wells," then took command of the ** new one," aad
arrived home from the trip in the *' Independence II." on
October 15. On the three trips he landed a total of 464,350
pounds of salt fish, stocked $16,922.24, and the crew made
an average share of $328. 93. f The schooner '* Maggie and
May" landed 455,000 pounds of salt fish and stocked $16,818;
crew shared $453.50. She did not sail so early as some other
vessels.

Mention may appropriately be made of the following indi-
vidual fares, taken at random, which were among the largest
of the season. On June 13 there were several notable arrivals
at Gloucester from the various fishing grounds, and it was des-
ignated as *' the greatest fish day" the old fishing port had
*'seen for many months." The *' Elector," whose season's
stock has already been mentioned, was one of the arrivals.
The schooner ** Valkyrie" also brought in 245,000 pounds o/
salt cod. The schooner ''A. E. Why land" was reported on
June 23 to have stocked $7,845.34 from a bank tare landed
just previous to that time; crew shared $237.98 each. The
schooner '' Arabia" arrived at Gloucester July 19 with a fere
of 340,000 pounds of salt cod; she stocked $10,985; her
crew's average share was $257.80. The schooner *«Lucinda

* A part of the crew, including the master, ordinarily designated as ** shares-
men," hired the balance of the men, paying them monthly wages. In sach Ten-
tores, which have long been common on bankers, the sharesmeu pay the " hired
men " their wages, and equally divide among themselves any profit or loss that
resalts. A good fare, for which a portion of the crew — generally one man in each
dory — has a special inducement to strive, gives each of the sharesmen a mnch
bigger share than he otherwise would earn ; while a bad catch bears with particular
severity upon him who joined in the risk of hiring part of the cz«w.

t All the crews of the ** Wells" and •' Independence II." were on sharas. The
crews counted fish, and the two men in each dory shared according to the fish
caught. The high-line shares were more than the average as above given.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 77

I. Lro^f-ell " arrived the same day at Gloucester from the Grand
Bank with a fare ot 281,000 pounds of fish ; stocked $9,100 ;
^haresinen made $330 each. The schooner ** Hazel R. Hines,"
which arrived at Gloucester the day previous, landed a fare of
290,000 pounds ; stocked $9,500. This was the maiden trip
of the "Hines," and stamped her a «« lucky vessel" in the
eyes of the fishermen. The schooner " W. E. Morrisey " of
ivlouoester, which arrived about this time, landed 204,000
pounds of salt fish ; stocked $9,300, and her crew earned from
$ol^ to $346 each, according to the amount of fish taken in
eac-h dory. Several other iares arrived between July. 10 and
20 that were above the average, but those mentioned will indi-
cate the maximum catches.

As the season advanced the difficulties increased, as already

intimated, and fewer good fares came in. The schooner

*'Dora A. Lawson" was reported arriving in port October 8

with a fere of 250,000 pounds of salt fish; she had been absent

since some time in March. The schooner "Mystery," which

arrived from a long trip on November 1., was alleged to have

a &re of 275,000 pounds of salt cod ; she had sailed on the

trip in the spring. The schooner "Aloha" of Gloucester

arrived home from her last trip on November 21, with a fare

reported to be 265,000 pounds of cod; this vessel sailed on

her voyage in July, after landing another fare. The trip was

remarkable, for the reason that the fare was caught chiefly

with salt capelin for bait, on the Flemish Cap, the eastermost

of the fishing banks resorted to for cod by our fishing vessels.

In this desolate region, hundreds of miles north-east of the

Grand Bank, surrounded with icebergs and no other vessel in

sight, the fishery was pursued with vigor and success. The

extraordinary prices prevailing when the *' Aloha" arrived

made her fare much more valuable than otherwise it might have

been ; for immediately before this, on November 19, $4.75 had

been paid for large green salt cod as taken from the vessel, and

$4.2.5 for medium-sized cod. These prices were paid for the

fare of the schooner ** Mabel D. Hines," which was reported

to have landed 140,000 pounds of salt fish.

Shack Fishing, — This is a branch of bank fishing that
appears to be growing in favor. It is now pursued from the

78 FISH AND GAME. [Dw.

fishing grounds off the Nantucket shoals to the Grand Bank^
and all, or at least a large percentage, of the catch is brought
in without having been salted, part of it in a condition *to be
sold fresh, but the bulk of it only fit to be split and salted.
Shack fishing derives its name from the fact that originally,
and to a large extent now, the catch is largely made up of
hake, pollock and other cheap varieties of fish, especially those
of the cod family. Such fish, tumbled in together, without
effort at classification, are known as " shack," and it is deemed
more profitable to catch large quantities, and run them in with-
out splitting and salting, than to observe the old-fashioned
methods. The effort is to get large quantities of fish so
quickly that they can be kept without salt until a full fare or
nearly that is caught. Large masses of gear are used, for little
time, comparatively, is required to care for the fish, which
are simply eviscerated and tumbled below without cereraozij'.
A little ice may be used to keep the fish cool, but generally
they are not packed with the care that fish are which are in-
tended for sale as fresh goods* in the market. Such care is
bestowed on the last of the catch, but seldom on the first fitjh
taken. Sometimes the first caught fish are salted, especially
if they are cod, and the early fishing is not especially promis-
ing ; but as soon as a larger abundance gives promise of a quick
trip, the splitting and salting ceases, and ** a shack trip " is the
dominant thought while the fishing lasts. While at Grst a
shack trip referred particularly to a voyage on which cheap
species of fishes constituted the bulk of the catch, this system
of fishing has now broadened materially, to such a- degree that
it is common for vessels, some of them large schooners, to go
as far as the Grand Bank, where cod alone are taken. With
the swift schooners of the day it is entirely feasible to bring
the majority of the fish in fresh, even from the distant Grand
Bank ; and frequently some of the last caught are in such fine
condition that they go upon the market as " fresh fish,'' and
may be sent hundreds of miles into the interior. The bulk of
such fares is landed at Gloucester for salting. Shore gangs
take charge of the fish, split, wash and salt them. They are
salted in butts, — molasses hogsheads on end, with the upper
head out, — and after a week or two can be made ready for

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25» 79

drying on flakes, although they usually remain longer in salt.
The butts are filled with brine, and fish salted in this manner
are known as " pickle-cured fish." They enter extensively
into the boneless fish trade.

There is as much rush and drive in discharging a fare and
outfitting for another trip as is characteristic of the fishing.
No time is lost. While the fish are going over the side on to
the pier, being weighed and otherwise disposed of, the stores
for another trip are going on board, messages to baiting sta-
tions are sent oflf, or whatever can be done in preparation for
another voyage is promptly attended to. No sooner are the
fish out and the deck and hold well washed, than salt and ice
are taken on board, and whatever remains to he done is
promptly attended to. If salt nmst be obtained from a ship
moored in the harbor, a tug is alongside at the earliest moment,
and no time is lost. Discharging a big fare usually takes a
whole day, or nearly that, hence there is one night home in
:such an event. Other than this, or the time necessary for re-
pairs, painting and the like, there is little pause, for the rivalry
is intense. The struggle to lead in this as in other branches
of fishery generally produces an intenscness of effort rarely
equalled elsewhere.

Following are brief notices of a few of the catches : on May 9
the schooner *'Dido" arrived with 145,000 pounds of fresh
pottock, and the '* Metamora" with 110,000 pounds of mixed
fresh fish. Two days later the schooner *' Samuel B. Crane"
brought in 120,000 pounds of fresh fish, chiefly cusk, from the
Bay of Fundy fishing grounds. Early in June the Gloucester
schooner " Slade Gorton" landed a shack fare that gave her
& stock of $3,372 ; each of her crew sluu'ed $89. tlust before
the middle of June the schooner ''Claudia" stocked $2,(572
on & shack trip; her crew shared $71.30 each. At the same
time the schooner "Monarch" landed a fare that sold for
^2,376. On June 22 the schooner "Moween" arrived at
Gloucester from a shacking trip to the Gulf of St. Lawrence
with 140,000 pounds of fresh fish. Her fare was chiefly cod,
caught near Anticosti Island, where the fish were unusually
large. The presence of a bountiful supply of bait and com-
plete absence of the dogfish were specially helpful conditions

80 FISH AND GAME. [Dch.

on the trip.* Just before the middle of July the schooner
"Orinoco" stocked $2,900 on a fare of shack she landed:
crew shared $55 each. About July 20 the schooner * * Arbutus "
landed a shack fare that realized a stock of $3,024; crew
shared $72.31. Early in September the schooner **Murier
had a shack fare that stocked $1,670; crew shared $30.70.
Other good fares might be mentioned, but these will suffice
to show the scope and character of the best.

It is difficult to give anything like high-line stocks or
catches of vessels employed in the so-called shack fishery.
Such employment is temporary at best, and often is so closely
associated with the deep-sea market fishery that both are seem-
ingly engaged in at the same time on board the same vessel.
Then a vessel which may go " shacking" on one trip may be
market fishing the next week ; and if she spends the summer
in 5«hack fishing, she is almost certain to fish for the market
the balance of the year.

Georfjes Fishery. — The cod fishery on Georges Bank, long-
celebrated for the disasters associated with it, is one of peculiar
interest to Massachusetts, for vessels from no other St^Xe
engage in it.

The better class of vessels now employed in this fishery has
robbed the industry of its terrors, to a large degree ; for,
whereas more or less vessels formerly foundered in each recur-
ring severe gale, going down with all hands, few losses now
occur, and the Georges fishery is as safe as any.

Probably owing to the comparative scarcity of dogfish ifl
summer, the fishery on Georges was exceptionally good. At
seasons when few fish are ordinarily taken, comjmratively large
fiu:es were caught this year. It was not uncommon for fares
of 30,000 to 45,000 pounds, or even more, of fish to be
brought in by the schooners; and the high prices that pre-
vailed enabled the vessels to make fine stocks and the men to
earn good pay. A few examples must suffice for illustration :
the record trip for the season was that made the latter part of
September and first twenty days of October, by the schooner

• The crew qf the " Moween " reported that large mackerel frequently iollowed
their trawls to the sea surface, and it was not uncommon for the men to see mack-
erel passing under their dories while they were engaged in fishing.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 81

** William H. Moody." She was absent from her home port,
Ciloucester, about five weeks, and landed 30,000 pounds of
halibut, in round numbers, — 14,000 pounds of these at Port-
land,— and 15,000 pounds of cod. She stocked $3,400, and
her crew shared $112. August 6 the schooner "Caroline
Vought " arrived, with 40,000 pounds of salt cod.

Tike Market Fishery, — On the whole, the deep-sea market
fishery has been successful. To a considerable extent this has
been due to an unusual midsummer scarcity of the dogfish,
and a consequent large summer catch of ground fish (cod,
haddock, hake, pollock and cusk) by the vessels bringing
those species fresh to the market. As a matter of fact, there
was often an over-supply of such fish in midsummer, with con-
sequent low prices, which led to the necessity of splitting large
quantities of fish, and thus resulting in much dissatisfaction.
The dealers at least ascribed the over-supply of fresh ground
ti-^h to the abnormal scarcity of the spiny-backed dogfish.
Their inability to market the remarkable summer catch of cod,
etc., and the resulting disarrangement of prices, even induced
many to emphatically express their desire for tlie return of
the dogfish, and the consequent Imlancing of the supply and
demand of market fish of the deep-sea, bottom-feeding varieties.
The unusual catch of the schooners supplying the regular mar-
ket was supplemented to a large degree by the great quantities
of marketable fish brought in by the shack fishermen, or by
vessels fishing chiefly for cod but taking the larger part of
their catch to port fresh, with the hope or expectation of selling
a considerable portion of it as market stock. It will thus be
seen that, aside from the fares of the market vessels, which
were large, as we have stated, supplies of fresh fish were being
brought in by schooners arriving from all the fishing grounds
from Nantucket Shoals to the Grand Bank of Newfoundland.

There have been many periods of scarcity, for a few days at
a time, due to bad weather or difliculty in securing bait, but
the summer fishery was remarkably prolific. Fares of fresh
fish ranging from 10,000 pounds to well above 100,000 pounds
were frecjuently reported. It does not follow that all of the
feh brought in were taken for market use. Indeed, the con-
trary was true, for millions of pounds in the aggregate went

FISH AND GAME. [Dec. j

to Gloucester, after having been in Boston, and were sold for
splitting and salting.

Inspection of Fish. — There have been no recjuests during
the past year for the inspection of fish, under chapter 138, Acts
of 1902, and no fees have been received.

The Hatching, Rearing and Distribution of Game Fish.

Appropriations. — Inasmuch as the general fund available
for fish culture is included in the general appropriation, it is
not practicable to give any more than an estimate of the amount
required for this branch of the work ; it did not vary materiallv
from that of last year, which was about $(5,800. The appro-
priations for stocking ponds and l)rooks under special acts
remain the same, viz., $500 for ponds and $300 for brooks.

We can only repeat: '*It has been found in practice that
the amount estimated for the cost of distributing fish is not
sufficient ; the utmost economy has failed to make it cover the
expense." But, inasmuch as the allotment is included in the
general appropriation, the fish are distributed by our salaried
deputies, who for the time being act as messengers ; and, while
sufficient means are available to pay their travelling expenses,
the public is served. If the purpose of the Legislature is thus
fullv carried out, it seems to matter little if the estimate for
this special work comes short of actual requirements.

The allotment of $500 for stocking ponds is insufficient. It
was ample years ago, shorth'^ after the enactment of the law.
and when the demands upon the commission for stocking pond^l
were about one-fourth or one-sixth of what they now are.
But full compliance with the public requirements is no longer
possible with this appropriation. For instance : we have been
earnestly besought to stock certain waters with white perch, —
a reasonable and proper request, if, as is sometimes the case,
this species is by far the most desirable for certain waters.
But, as a rule, we have been compelled to neglect such re-
quests, although we would have preferred otherwise. With
a maximum of work to do, however, and only the funds pro-
vided for a minimum, it has clearlj- been necessary for us to
take the available fish from our hatcheries, rather than to
attempt the more expensive method of collecting white perch

1H04.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 83

fri>ni Mill Pond on Cape Cod, and transporting them long dis-
tances to ponds in other sections of the State. It is true that
the fish available are doubtless the best in most instances ; but
there are cases where white perch could, we think, be used
uiore advantageously, if the means justified the necessary ex-
I>enditure. We hope to meet the demand in the near future,
at least in part, by the aitificial propagation of white perch ;
bat even that will not suffice to make adequate the sum of
^•">00 to do the work now required, and which ought to be done
promptly and efficiently. In our opinion, a pond or lake which
has been stocked and the fishing therein regulated in accord-
ance with law, should be additionally stocked each recurring
autumn, while the regulations are in force, in order to bring
the fish life into a satisfactory condition. But it requires no
ai^ument to show the impracticability of this, when our re-
sources are strained to the utmost to meet the annual demands
in other directions. The remedy lies with the Legislature.
"We have done and can do many times more than was deemed
possible a few years ago ; but the limit has apparently been
reached, beyond which it is not practicable to go to any con-
siderable extent, if at all.

The demand for stocking streams under section 5, chapter
91 of the Revised Laws, is not large, and seemingly does not
grow in propularity. We can conceive of conditions which
would make the application of this law highly beneficial. But,
while it is easily possible, through stocking and regulation of
fishing for three years, to bring the fish in a stream to the
highest point of abundance, — when there are as many trout as
can live comfortably in a brook or that the food resources will
sustain, — it is evident that when all restriction on fishing is
removed, at the end of the close season, there will be a rush to
the stream for the *' early catch," with the result that the trout
are soon depleted, and the eflbrt of years to increase fish life
is nallified in about as many days. It is probably because of
this that this system has met with so little favor. To the
majority, a few days' fishing and subsequent baiTcnness is not
sufficient recompense for yielding to years of restriction. If
there was some way of conserving a reasonable amount of the
abundance created by self-denial, no doubt the special law for

84 FISH AND GAME. [Dec

stocking streams would be better appreciftted. This is a mat-
ter which the Legislature may justly consider.

The allowance for stocking brooks has been ample ; it has
not all been used.

The improvements made at the stations have resulted chiefly
from the work of the regular employees. The amount ot
extra labor, such as teaming, etc., has been small.

On the whole, the utmost economy has been observed, and
it is believed the largest possible returns- have been secured
for the money expended.

Expansion. — For several years past it has been customary
to establish a new annual record in fish culture, despite the
fact that the limit of practical effort seemed to have been pre-
viously reached. Such is the case this year, when a neiv and
gmtifying record has been made. This has been accomplished,
too, in spite of obstacles, and notwithstanding limitations in
some directions that could not be overcome.

There has been notable progress in the work of breeding
and distributing fish. There was a single important exception
to this. Because we were unable to secure any landlocked
salmon eggs from the United States Fisheries Bureau, we have
been unable to breed that species as extensively as usual.
The few eggs obtained from our own salmon, the majority of
which were infertile, were not of large consequence.

The fact that only a few fry were retained at the Hadley
station for raising fingerlings, — kept more in the natiure of a
forlorn hope of experimentation than with any expectation o(
success in raising them, — and that the work of this nature
was thrown entirely upon the Sutton hatchery, made the out-
look at the beginning of the year not encouraging. It was
feared the record could not be maintained. That it has been
nearly equalled is cause for satisfaction.

The conditions at Hadley still continue disquieting, and
somewhat remarkable from some points of view. Fry in their
early stage, say up to the time of the spring distribution,
which occurs in April, gi'ow remarkably ; the Hadley trout fry
are the best we have at any hatchery in the State, — large,
healthy and vigorous. The dangerous period is between the
fry and finger ling stages. It may be true that the mortality

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 85

this year has been less than ever before, but the fact remains
that the critical period is between April and September, during
which time the temperature of the water at Hadley is too high
for the successful rearing of young fish. When the water
grows cooler 'with approaching autunm the danger ceases, and
l^efore the season is far advanced the next year the yearling
tish have so far developed in growth and vigor that they are
thereafter immune from the danger that threatened them dur-
ing the first summer. Indeed, yearling fish thrive well, and
nowhere can finer examples be found than some trout we have
raised this year at Hadley. Adult fish also do well.

Efforts have been made to determine the cause of the exces-
sive mortality to young fish, which is believed to be attribu-
table chiefly to parasitic attacks, although the temperature may
likewise have a deleterious effect. For this reason we were
g\«d to avail ourselves of the voluntary services of Mr. Charles
C. Jocelyn of Bucksport, Me., an expert on fish diseases, who
chanced to be temporarily in Boston. He went with us to
Hadley, obtained specimens of the fry and water, made a ten-
tative microscopic examination, but could not determine,
mthout further investigation, the exact nature of the malady.
It was, however, fairly well ascertained that the trouble was
due to a very minute parasite attacking the gills of the fry in
sach a manner as to soon cause death.

1b this connection it may be stated that Mr. Jocelyn also

visited the Sutton hatchery, where he obtained specimens of

trout afflicted with throat disease, — a form of disease that

bas attacked our fish virulently at that station, causing the loss

of many. Trout thus attacked soon develop an ulcerated sore

at the throat ; the ulcer rapidly enlarges, the flesh sloughs

away and death shortly ensues. Fish are promptly removed

&om their fellows as soon as the earlier symptoms of this

fittal disease appears. Fig. 1 is an illustration of a salmon

afflicted with throat disease, as our trout are ; it is from a

drawing made by Mr. Jocelyn, who kindly permitted us to use

it for this report.

The work at Sutton has been reasonably satisfactory ; it has
been an advance on the previous year, but not quite up to for-
^w records" in the important item of raising fingerlings. If

86 FISH AND GAME. [Dec. j

in the future it is possible to accomplish more in this direction
at that station, an unexpected result will be attained ; never-
theless, all possible will be done to reach the highest prac-
ticable limit. But there is a much wider possible range in
breeding fry, which we hope to more fully occupy in the
future. Meantime, Sutton has established a record in various
directions, and has fully maintained its reputation for doing
its part in increasing the fish-cultural work of the State.

Output of Fii^h. — Two carloads of shad fry, aggregating
(5,100,000, were planted in the rivers of the State. One load
was put into the head waters of Taunton Great River, where
a similar planting was made in 1902, and the other lot went
into the head waters of Parker River. The young" fish were
received in fine condition from the United States Fisheries
Bureau, and there is reason for anticipating the happiest re-
sults in consequence of this effort to stock our streams wbici
flow into the Atlantic, and are reasonably free frooai pollution
or other serious menace to fish life. It is believed that those
difficulties which exist can be readily overcome, and this is a
matter which will receive the earnest and active consideration
of the commission. If, because of stocking with shad and as
a result of efforts made in other directions, the minor rivers
can be made to contribute to industry and to supply their
quota of delicious and nourishing fish food, an important
object will have been accomplished in the utilization of oui
natural resources.

A consignment of 5,000,000 pike perch eggs was also re-
ceived from the Fisheries Bureau. From these 3,300,000 fry
were hatched, and those were planted in several ponds.

The largest aggregate plant, so far as numbers are con-
cerned, was that of 16,000,000 landlocked smelt eggs. These
were distributed in various ponds which had previously been
stocked with landlocked salmon, or which were coincidently
being stocked with that species.

Carp were distributed from the Winchester Pond to Mrs.
Rice of Ipswich, Mr. Hobbs of Essex and Mr. Harry RusseW
of Pittsfield. About 200 fish in all were given to these par-
tics. Some experiments were made in shipping the fish to
Pittsfield, with the object of saving expense in transportation.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUIVIENT — No. 25. 87

As a preliminary, 12 carp were first placed in a box with wet
moss. At the end of twenty-four hours the box was opened,
and 9 of the fish were found alive. About 130, including
the 9 that Tvere ta\en from the moss, were then put into cans
with water about 5 inches deep, and sent to Pittsfield with a
loss of only 1 in transportation. This method of shipment
materially reduces the expense of distribution of carp, and
limits it to the cost of catching the fish and a comparatively
small charge for expressage.

In connection with this subject, we deem it proper to invite

attention to a matter which may be interesting to many.

There is a chain of ponds extending from Woburn to Medford,

and they are connected, in Winchester, by a flowed mill pond,

covering some 50 acres. A dozen years or so ago these ponds

were heavily covered with algae ; the surface of them was

covered with green aquatic grass, through which only glimpses

of water could be seen.

Some time previous, 8 carp, weighing from 1 to 2 pounds

each, were put into the upper end of this stretch of ponds.

The carp increased with wonderful rapidity, until the pond

became well stocked with them, several having been taken

with hook and line which weighed from 12 to 20 pounds

each. With the increase of thfe carp the algse disappeared,

until now there is scarcely a visible trace of it. The chairman

of the Board of Health states that the conditions around the

ponds have not materially changed, and there is no doubt that

the disappearance of the algse is due to the carp, which feed

upon it.

It is a question for consideration whether many of our ponds
wherein aquatic growths are overabundant may not be im-
proved by the introduction of carp to feed on the vegetable
matter which otherwise decays and pollutes the water, ren-
dering it offensive. From their vigorous breeding the carp
would also furnish food for the native game fish.

The fact that high official authority has so recently declared
that the carp, although a non-carnivorous species, is a tine game
fish, and yields much sport to the angler who fishes for it with
hook and line, seems to place it in a different category from that
it has heretofore occupied. That it ranks high as a commercial

88 FISH AND GAME. [De* • ',

species, with wonderful reproductive powers and a rapidity of ■.
growth beyond that of ordinary fresh-water fishes, is well
known ; that it will keep down a. harmful overgro^vth of aquatic
grasses is also true ; and now that the carp is declared a game
fish, it seems to have much to recommend it to public attention.

Frog Rearing. — The question of breeding frogs as an ele-
ment of work in connection with fish culture, and distributing
the young as we distribute fish fry, is a matter which the com-
mission has seriously considered. It is of course a well-known
fact that the frog is a marketable product of no little impor-
tance ; it is consumed largely for food. This being the case,
it seems right and proper that what otherwise may be waste
water resources, such as swampy lands, shallow pools, etc.,
should be utilized in frog farming, if it is demonstrated th&t
this can be successfully accomplished. Thereby an additional
source of income can be made available to our farmers.

In pursuance of the effort to acquire all information relating:
to work done elsewhere along this line, a letter was addressed
to Hon. W. E. Meehan, Commissioner of Fisheries of Penn-
sylvania, who, we understood, has entered upon the work of
breeding frogs for public distribution. His reply indicates a
public interest in this new departure in pisciculture — perhaps
it may more properly be called frog culture — that is most
encouraging. Mr. Meehan writes in part as follows : —

If yoo had had the experience I did this summer, when public an-
nouncement was made that applications would be received for frogs
hatched by the State, you would be even more thoroughly conviDced
that it was a matter of more than passing interest. There were about
300,000 frogs hatched, and the blank applications filled out called for
nearly 2,000,000. In addition, there were several hundred letters
received after the last blank form had been sent out. There was not
a nook or corner of the State from which applications were not re-
ceived. The experiment has convinced me that the Department of
Fisheries of Pennsylvania must hereafter go into frog culture on more
extensive lines than brook trout, and if possible on lines as exten-
sively as we do in some of our food fishes, namely, shad and white-
fish. The frogs we raised last summer were from wild spawn. . . .

Mr. Meehan hopes to soon issue a bulletin giving the facts
relating to frog culture as prosecuted by the Pennsylvania

1904.] PUBLIC D0CUMP:NT — No. 25. 89

Coimnission ; but at the time of writing, Nov. 9, 1904, he had
not secured sufficient data to justify the issuance of sucli a
publication. This was due to the fact that '^ the work . . .
was only begun on a large scale last spring," and there had not
been time to collect data.

The press very properly gave wide mention of this work,
and to that extent aided in an effort which ultimately may take
high rank ; since the prosecution of frog culture on a large
scale may contribute materially to the profitable utilization of
heretofore waste areas, and a consequent increased income to
our agricultural population.

The fullest utilization of all water resources for the produc-
tion of food is, we believe, a justifiable ambition of .this com-
mission, especially if important results can be accomplished
with comparatively small outlays. For this reason, experiments
may soon be made by us to test the feasibility of breeding frogs
on a large scale in this State ; but it is evident that such work
cannot be accomplished on a plan of sufficient magnitude with
the fikcilities now at our command. And frog culture, which
now seems far simpler than fish culture was at the beginning,
is only a suggestion of the yet undeveloped possibilities that
await the progressive fish culturist in the immediate future.

The Work of Distribution. — The work and method of dis-
tribution have been so fully considered in previous reports that
little remains to be said here, beyond the statement that the
work has now been reduced to a system that nearly eliminates
, serious mistakes and trouble, with the result that satisfaction
with what is accomplished is very general. We know of only
one important exception to this. This was due to misleading
statements made to the messenger who carried the fish, with
the consequent result that, although they were intended for
IVikard Pond in Orange, they went into another pond. Almost
as a matter of course there were attempts to get trout to put
into private brooks, — attempts such as were usually successful
years ago, — but they were defeated ; there were also numer-
ous other small annoyances, but they were overcome by the
messengers, and may be considered unimportant.

In view of the great number of brooks, rivers and ponds
stocked (there were 195 applications for stocking brooks with

90 FISH AND GAME. [Dec-l

trout fry and 205 for brook trout fingerlings, 8 ponds have
been restocked, 23 applications for stocking ponds were filed),
and the &ct that the messenger may necessarily have to go to
unfamiliar localities, and may have his plain instructions to ap-
plicants misunderstood, or even may also occasionally have to
deal with open attempts to defraud the State, — it speaks well
for the efficiency, the intelligence and faithfulness of those
engaged in it, that it has been prosecuted so effectively with a
minimum of error. It is true that some of our best men^ those
most experienced in the service, have been detailed to this
work ; but the highest intelligence may not always be proof
against plausible, misleading statements, especially when fish
are liable to die if action is deferred even for a comparatively
short time.

A large list of extracts from letters, etc., warmly conunend-
ing what the commission has accomplished in fish distribution,
which might be supplied, is omitted for the sake of brevity,
since they would be only supplementary to or a repetition of
what already have been published in previous reports. The
only complaint was regarding the small number of fingerlings.
We sincerely regret there were not more ; but it always will
be impossible to meet the demands with our present facilities,
nor can we deny fingerlings to one that another may get a
larger number. Fair play and no special favors must control
the distribution.

It is gratifying to be able to state that the withdrawal oi
several of our experienced men firom the law-enforcing work
to carry on the fall distribution of fish was not so seriously
felt this year as it was in 1903, for the reason that available
financial resources were suflScient to allow the appointment of
temporary salaried deputies to take part in the enforcement of
the Ush and game laws.

Wbi'k at the Hatcheries. — Reports from all sections of the
State indicate a satisfactory increase in the number of tront
and other game fish, and the evidence of ** good strings" taken
in the State are becoming numerous.

The most certain results follow stocking with fingerlings.
The proper demand for fingerlings exceeds many times the
capacity of our rearing ponds, and increased facilities must be

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 91

furnished for rearing a greater number of trout and saknon
fry to fingerlings, if the commission is to meet the reasonable
demands which come from all sections of the State. The
advantages of such an increased output are obvious, not alone
from the point of view of the true sportsman and the lover of
natnre. The actual economic value of the fish produced makes
this a matter of interest to all who see the advantage of causing
our brooks and rivers to be a definite source of food or even
pecuniary income, as well as a resort for pleasure and recrea-
tion. The public demand for fingerling trout is an intelligent
one, and should elicit a satisfactory response.

The usual spring output of fry from our hatcheries included
915,550 brook trout and 40,000 brown trout. The largest
number of fry of these species that could be accommodated
and all of the rainbow trout and landlocked salmon were
reserved to be reared to fingerlings. In the fall, 41,000 brook
trout fingerlings were liberated in the brooks; 11,000 brown
trout fingerlings, 7,000 rainbow trout fingerlings and 1,200
landlocked salmon fingerlings were put into ponds ; also 337
adult brook trout have been liberated in ponds ; while 4,000
brook trout and 2,000 brown trout fingerlings have been held
at the hatcheries, to replenish or add to the brood stock.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the aggregate out-
put of eggs, fry and larger fish was considerably in excess of
26,000,000; and, having in mind the number of fingerling
and largei* fish included in this summation, and their compara-
tive potentiality for stocking purposes, the result seems satis-
fiictory . The increase over last year exceeds 73 per cent. ; the
total output was nearly thirty times as much as it was five
years previously.

In addition to our ordinary work, we undertook to aid those
desirous of obtaining carp for stocking purposes. We were
able to do this from the ample supply in the pond at Win-
chester. The expense was paid by those desirous of securing
the carp for private waters.

The latest report of the Illinois Fish Commission not only
emphasizes the paramount value of the carp as a basis for an
important commercial fishery, — more important than all other
species combined, — but it points out the fact that it is a fine

92 FISH AND GAME, [Dec,

game fish, and therefore deserves the appreciative consider*,
tion of the sportsman angler as well as that of the fisherman
who catches it for profit.

The report of the superintendent of the Sutton hatchery
follows : —

State Fish Hatchbry,

WiLKINSONVILLE, MASS., I>eC. 12, 1$«.

To the Commissioners on Fisheries and Oame^ 8UUe Honsey Boston^ Mass.

Gentlemen : — The collection of brook trout eggs in 1908 amoaoted
to 628,000 ; of brown trout, 40,000 ; making a total of 668,000. Later,
this number was increased by 85,000 rainbow trout ^gs received from
the Hadley hatchery and the United States Fisheries Bareaa Station,
Manchester, la. ; but the latter lot, numbering 25,000, was almost
entirely spoiled in transit, and only about 2,000 fry were hatched
from it.

From three female salmon, part of a small experimental lot raised
from the stock hatched here in 1899, 5,000 salmon eggs were secured.
The eggs were of large size, well colored, and apparently as strong
as wild salmon. One lot was well fertilized, but the other two were
rather poorly fertilized because of lack of males at spawning time.
The fry resulting from these eggs were somewhat redaced by an
epidemic in May, but at all other times were healthy, and seemed
proof against disease or parasites. The fry hatctied from the brown
trout and rainbow trout eggs were received for rearing, and yielded
satisfactory results, although the rainbow trout fingerlings were
smaller than common, because of the lateness of the eggs — three
months later than usual — in hatching. Early in June an epidemic
attacked the rainbow trout kept in the lower tubs, and destroyed
about 8,000. It was supposed that this trouble would be avoided
this year, because it was no longer necessary to use pond water;
but it is probable that the spring water piped from the head of the
pond deteriorated in its passage through the pipe, for fish of the
same lot kept in the same water at the head of the pond were not
affected. Early in September the rainbow trout in the plank pen by
the hatchery were attacked by fungus, and 1,000 died. These pens
are supplied by pond water, and it is an exceptional year when the
fish are carried through without loss.

Twenty-three thousand brown trout, rainbow trout and salmon were
raised to fingerling size, and were sent out in October and November
for stocking ponds; 100,000 brook trout eggs were shipped to Win-
chester, and 500,000 fry were hatched from the eggs left. Fry num-
bering 331,000 were put out in the spring distribution, and 161,000
were reserved for rearing, which number was later increased by 15,000

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 93

fry received from Hadley, making a total of 185,000 for rearing. The
brook troat equalled in size the exceptionally large ones grown last
year, and filled the ponds nearly as well as the larger namher some
years before, though some pools, especially those below the hatchery,
were not nearly filled to their capacity. In all of these pools there
was an unusual shrinkage, and in one, possibly two, both excavated
in soft, black soil, there was a possible loss by leakage through mole
holes. Trouble from moles at this place has been met with many
times before, and it would add largely to the yield of these ponds
if they could be planked, and also prove an important measure of
eoonomy in the care of them. Some of the upper pools have shallow
margins, and the fish are exposed to losses that might be avoided if
the pools could be deepened around the shores, and plank used for
edging. The results from the upper plank pool are a yearly object
lesson of the advantage to be expected from this improvement, for
this pool is uniformly the most productive of all, and it possesses no
advantages over the others except in its construction.

The number of fingerling brook trout raised was 45,000, and several
thoasand of these were reserved for rearing as breeders.

No especially new problems in the care of the fish arose during the
year, but many matters previously mentioned, and recommendations
made, may be repeated, some with more urgency, as with the lapse of
time the need becomes plainer. The improvements mentionied in the
ponds, for the protection of the fish and as a means of probable increase,
would make it possible to shade and enclose the ponds with netting
more effectively. For some ponds, where the need of this is most
argent, it is quite impracticable to do anything as the ponds are now.
Th^e small improvements cost but little in any case, and, in the
aggregate for all that is needed, add but a slight percentage of
increase to a year's expense ; but would add materially to the capac-
ity of each pond, to which we must look for an increased supply
of fingerlings.

The pond next above the brood fish pond, which is generally used
for yearlings, was filled with rainbow trout, and when these were
shipped* was used for holding spawned trout. This pond is partly
walled with stone, and only a supply of cement is needed to finish
the work, as an abundance of stone lies near the pond. This work
and the suggested work of paving the bottom with flagstones, grouted
with cement, to make it possible to keep the spawn in better con-
dition, is particularly urgent, for every year sees a heavy loss of the
female trout that sometimes cuts seriously into the supply of brood
fish. Tbe benefit of shading, which is also pronounced in the case
of ponds, is possibly as needful for the tubs where they are set in

94 FISH AND GAME. [Dec,

open ground ; for there has been a pronounced difference in the c<»-
dition of the fish grown in the tubs, those set in the woods prodaciif «
healthier and better fish than those exposed to the bud. When thiil
became apparent, covers were made for the tubs at the new stand, i
and a quick improvement resulted. A still more effective way woaki-
be to build awnings of wood or canvas over the tub stands.

The old pipe to the hatchery having become clogged and neariy
useless, a new one was laid to a point near the hatchery beyond
which the old pipe was serviceable. From the springs a deep cat
was made across to the pond, and a four-inch vitrified tile pipe laid^
coming out on the bank about six feet above the water level in the
pond, so that ample fall was secured for utilizing the sarplas water
in a stand of tubs. The tile pipe terminated in a large iron tank set
in cement, and from this a two-inch galvanized-iron pipe was laid
nearly three hundred feet to the hatchery. The old pipe, if taken up
and cleaned, could be relaid and used for supplying the lower tubs.
The tubs formerly located in the woods and supplied by the same
water were moved to the new location, where they coald be supplied
through the four-inch tile pipe, and placed on a solidly built stand.
More stone wall was laid at the upper pond, but the work could not
be brought to an end, because it did not seem advisable to lay stone
without cement. The overflow from the brook was taken care o( bj
digging a ditch around this pond, and thus it was made safe for ase
as a rearing pond for fry. Above the upper ponds, between tiie
plank pen and the woods, a tract of rough ground was filled in and
levelled by flowing the water of the brook over it while work was
being done in cleaning out and deepening the channel. The mad
and sand carried down by the water graded the ground very evenlj'

Below the dam unused plank pens were torn out, and the lumber
used in building a new pen near the meat house, where it would be
useful in holding fish for spawning, when the pond was drained, and
as a rearing pond for yearlings.

The usual amount of work was done in clearing land of stumps
and otherwise improving the grounds, but this was done mainly witii
reference to the needs of hares and pheasants.

The arrangements for hatching pike perch were improved by add-
ing a new form of supply tubs, that regulated the flow of water in
the pens so well as to stop the bunching of the eggs and conseqaeot
loss ; and fry were cared for better by the construction of a large
receiving tank, used in place of the glass aquaria.

Early in May 5,000,000 pike perch eggs were secured from the
United States Fish Hatchery, S wanton, Vt., and by careful trsan-
portation reached the hatchery in excellent condition. Many im*

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 95

proTements made in the hatching apparatus, the result of observation
made during the visit to Swanton to secure the eggs, and suggestions
of the foreman at that station, made it possible to handle the eggs
mach better, and resulted in a very successful hatch, — nearly
3,;>0O,OO0 fry. While the arrangements for hatching had been so
improved that the eggs can be handled without unusual loss, the low
temperature of the water used in hatching affects the quality of the
fry, and makes the results of stocking uncertain. The hatching
period Is lengthened fully one-half, and the fry is developed in water
that is probably 10^ to 12° colder than the water of their natural
spawning grounds. It might be expected that this would result in
teeible fry, and, while there has been no opportunity to make com-
parisons with normally healthy fish, the quality of some lots has been
decidedly inferior to what was expected.

In hatching pike perch, the gain over nature's methods is almost
wholly in fertilizing and developing the eggs ; but from the time of
hatching it is doubtful if any care that can be given will improve on
a home in natural spawning waters. Where millions of fry are
hatched they must be crowded together in masses, that in the case of
VQch fish as trout, whose capabilities are better known, would be
regarded as impossible, and in the case of the perch must be consid-
ered harmful to quite a degree. In natural spawning waters the fry
would be under conditions wholly favorable for gaining strength,
&nd its minute size would make it exempt from the dangers that
attend the larger fry of trout and salmon.

It seems probable that better results might be obtained if the pike
perch eggs were taken when well eyed and scattered on what would
tkpproximate the natural spawning beds of the fish. In shallow
water, with a steadily rising temperature, they would hatch quickly
and gain strength rapidly, and the dangers to which they might be
exposed could hardly equal the dangers of hatching in jars and of
transportation.

Iq addition to what has been recommended, many other improve-
ments are desired, and some should be pointed out as deserving
early attention. A refrigerator should be built, as proper means of
keeping the fish food never existed here; and this food spoils very
qoickly, even if it reaches the hatchery in good condition, which is
often not the case. The loss of food has never been large, but the
indirect loss from feeding spoiled meat and the waste of time in
handling it must be considerable.

The road entering the grounds has for many years received but
little attention, and is for a part of the way merely a cart path, hav-
ing no ditches and obstructed by partly sunken boulders. The travel

96 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Ib satficient to jastify a well-bailt road. Where the road crosses th«
daoi the plank forming the facing of the dam toward the pond ii
very rotten, and should be replaced.

The condition of the water in the breeding pond, which this seasoi
was bad, seems to indicate that the ponds and inflowing streams are
used to their full capacity, and any extension in that direction is not
likely to result in any gain in production, as with the addition of aoj
new pond there is likely to be a corresponding loss in capacity of the
older ponds, especially of the brood pond; but two of the lower
group of springs, flowing in below the dam, are not yet utilized, and,
though located where it is quite diflScult to make ponds, if the means
could be provided to do the work, three ponds of about the average
capacity could be built. The three ponds with three already built in
the same locality would make a block of six, fed by unfailing springs,
and not affecting or being affected by any of the others. This loca-
tion is also favorable for development in other ways, as it is the most
promising place for driving wells, which may provide a much-needed
increase of water. The improvements recommended, and many not
mentioned but deserving early attention, require to execute them an
amount of work greatly in excess of what has been possible to accom-
plish in past years with the allotted means. While no season here
has passed without making good progress in putting the hatchery in
the most productive condition, what is accomplished falls each year
farther behind the requirements, because of the constant increase of
routine work and greater amount of repair needed, both of which will
demand additional attention in the future, leaving even less time for
new work.

The demands upon the hatchery have been such that its greatest
capacity should have been reached several years ago, yet, at the rate
which has been possible to develop it, this end may be several years
in the future.

It should be possible to execute some of this needed work either
by increasing the allotment for regular work, or by making a special
allotment for some of the more pressing matters, so that the largest
output can be secured, while the urgent demand for it is so far from
being satisfied.

Respectfully submitted, Arthur Merrill,

Superintendent Sutton Station.

The usual routine work of hatching fry and sending the
young fish out from the hatcheries at Winchester and Adams
has been performed in the ordinary manner. There has been
no occasion for improving these stations, and nothing seems

(•;_

i ■ '<

i;»04.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 97

feasible beyond keeping them in rei)air. It has been previously
stated that they are solely what are asually ternied developing
stations, — auxiliary hatcheries, made necessary by the former
system of distribution of fry, through which each applicant
bad to go to a station for his allotment of fish, and transport
them thence at his own expense to the point where they were
to be planted. For this reason the public demanded the
establishment of stations so located as to give them reasonable
access to the hatcheries, so that their personal expenses in the
item of fish distribution would be somewhat less of an annual
burden. Under present conditions there would be no reason-
able excuse for the expenditure of money for such auxiliary
stations, however much we may now need an additional first-
-lass hatchery ; but, inasmuch as they have been constructed in
the most durable manner, it is apparently more economical to
\\ae them than to let them lie idle, since the transportation of
fish eggs costs far less than the expense attending the move-
ment of fry. There is consequently a saving to the State in
utilizing the hatcheries already provided at Adams and Win-
chester, so far as fry are concerned, since the outlay for super-
intending the hatching is nominal.

The work done and improvements made at Sutton and
Ikdley are detailed in the reports of the superintendents of
those stations. It is only necessary to say here that every-
t^g practicable has been done at the Sutton station to improve
and utilize its natural resources. The introduction of new
pipes for the carriage of water to the hatchery, tubs, etc., was
among the important improvements of the year. Little or
nothing in the way of permanent improvement has been at-
tempted at Hadley. There is, apparently, no justification for
special eftort or outlay in this direction. The willows planted
wound the ponds for shade have grown well ; in a short time
they will be large enough to provide much protection to the
ta)ut in warm weather.

A change of superintendents at the Iladley station, due to
the unexpected resignation of Supt. W. D. Tripp and the ap-
pointment of W. R. Collins, led to some differences in man-
agement which are believed to be advantageous.
The following repprt of Air. Collins, superintendent of the

98 FISH AND GAME. [Dec. !

Hadlej station, gives details of the work prosecuted at that
hatchery : —

I was appointed as superintendent at the Hadley hatchery on
March 16, in place of Mr. William D. Tripp, who resigned, and left
here on the 1 6th. Previoas to this time I had been for two weeks at the
station as assistant, and had thus gained some knowledge of the status
of affairs at the hatchery before assuming responsible control of tt.

From such information as I was able to glean, the condition of the
work at the beginning of the year was as follows : —

There were on hand 429 adult brook trout; 1,100 young brook
trout, which became yearlings in the spring ; 127 four-year-old brown
trout; 339 adult rainbow trout; and 78 four-year-old landlocked
salmon.

The adult brook trout and the salmon were in the large pond, the
yearling brook trout in section pool No. 4 and the larger pool next to
the pond, the brown trout in the wooden pens below the dam, and the
rainbow in sections Nos. 1, 2 and 3. There were also 492 rainbow
trout fingerlings, which were put into the wooden pens below the dam
last winter. The adult rainbows were transferred to the large pond
as soon as we got all the eggs from them, the last of which were not
taken until March 29, owing to the extreme cold of the winter, which
delayed ovarian development.

During the spawning season of 1903-04, up to and including March
14, 1904, there were 241,500 eggs taken at the hatchery, and after
this time we got 77,000 rainbow eggs, making a total of 318,500 eggs
for the season.

The eggs were divided as follows: 153,000 brook trout, 60,000
brown trout and 105,500 rainbow trout.

During the process of incubation and hatching there were lost a
total of 30,071 as eggs or young fry, or not quite 10 per cent.

Of the rainbow trout eggs taken, 75,000 were sent to the Sutton
hatchery after they had eyed out. The balance of the fry were all in
a healthy condition on April 15, and, barring the small losses caused
from what appeared to be inflammation of the gills, and from other
causes commonly encountered in the work, we had on hand at that
time a fine lot of large fry for distribution.

On April 20 we commenced the annual work of distribution, all the
fry being sent out under charge of Deputy Dennis F. Shea. Brooks
were stocked in various towns of this section of the State, and from
all to whom the fry were consigned Mr. Shea brought back the most
favorable reports of their appreciation of the fish. The oldest brook
trout fry had attained a really extraordinary size at the time of dis-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 99

tribation, and caused considerable surprise as well as satisfaction to
those who received them. The other fry were all of good size, and
were none the less in favor with the recipients.

The favorable reports that came in from all quarters, concerning
the size and condition of the fry at the time of distribution, goes to
prove that this is without a doubt a fine station for raising fry ; but
the lamentable deficiency of water still prevents us doing anything
farther tow^ards trying to raise fry to the fingerling stage.

After the season of distribution was over we put out into the four
section pools at the upper end of the grounds 40,000 fry, viz., 10,000
brook trout in each of the pools Nos. 1 and 3, 10,000 brown trout in
pool No. 2 and 10,000 rainbow trout in pool No. 4.

Before we placed the fry in the pools we made some floats of laths
and pat them at the head of the pools, to give shade to the young
fish. They seemed to enjoy hiding under these floats, and also under
the shade of the young willow trees which were planted last year
along the edges of the pools. These willows have thrived well, and
bid f au" to furnish a lot of shade to the fish that are in the pools in the
summer months.

After the fry were placed in the pools they were looked after very
closely, and coaxed until I could get them to bunch up instead of
scattering all over the pool at the time of feeding. They received
their regular three meals daily, and at the usual hours, with rare ex-
ception. Still, with all the care bestowed upon them, the fish began
to drop off gradually, and every day I could see quite a number of
dead fry fioating on the water. The loss was probably greater than
I realized, and no doubt numbers of the fish were hidden by the
masses of vegetation in the pools ; for when we came to seine out the
fiogerlings, we found only a total of 760 out of 40,000 fry. These
were divided as follows: 462 brook trout, 162 brown trout and 136
rainbow trout.

This alarming mortality among the young fish goes far toward
discouraging any future attempt to raise fingerlings here. What the
eaose of this decimation is has not yet been determined, so far as I
am aware.

In May we were favored with a visit from Mr. Jocelyn, a special-
ist who makes a study of fish diseases, and who while here made
microscopical examinations of some of the young fry in the hatching
hoQse.

Shortly after the distribution of fry, Commissioner Delano paid a
visit to the hatchery, when we made a change in the location of some
of the fish.
We drew off the largest one of the six pools at the head of the

100 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

pond, and cleaned out the mud and refuse. Then we seined the pooU
holding the yearling brook trout, and transferred them to the large
pool. We then drew down the section pools and cleaned oat the
disagreeable black mud, sticks, etc., after which we put on a coating
of clean sand about four or five inches deep. This gave the pools a
clean, bright appearance, and put them in much better condition to
receive the young fish which we put out, as heretofore mentioned.

We had 127 large brown trout which had wintered in the wooden
pens below the dam. Thinking they were in rather close qaarters
for fish of their size, I transferred them to the pool between the
sections and the pond. They seem to have enjoyed the change, and
have no doubt done better than in their former quarters.

During the spring and summer we were caused considerable annoy*
ance from fish-eating birds and other natural enemies of the fish. In
the early summer I saw quite a number of fishhawks and herons in
the neighborhood of the ponds, but they were so wary that it was
hard work to get a shot at them. As the summer advanced these
large birds grew scarce, but there were plenty of those little pests,
the kingfishers, present at all times ; they ate great numbers of the
young fry. Superintendent Merrill of the Sutton hatchery paid me
a visit the first of May, and recommended the use of pole traps,
in the same manner that he used them last summer. I made the ex-
periment, and found it to be very profitable, for by the use of the
traps in this way I caught a number of birds ; I took 13 kingfishers,
8 bitterns and 1 great blue heron. This latter bird was a very fine
specimen, measuring, when shot, 5 feet 7 inches from tip to tip of
the spread wings ; he had been a serious menace to our fish.

During the summer I received visits from a few scientific gentle-
men, who were naturally interested in the work because of its scien-
tific value. I did what I could to explain the dififerent phases of the
work, and, while imparting some knowledge of local conditions to
them, I gained from them some information which will, I trust, prove
valuable to the station. The hatchery appears to be interesting and
instructive to the average citizen in this section of the State. Gen-
erally on pleasant Sunday afternoons during the summer from 10 to
80 people would come from different points to visit the station, often
for the special purpose of seeing the fish fed. Many came two or
three times, and in this way, as well as by their words, showed their
appreciation of the work the State is doing in this direction.

I furnished specimens to Mt. Holyoke College once, for use in
their zoology classes. They had at that time 1 two-year-old brook
trout, 100 trout fry and 50 eyed eggs.

W. Raymond Collins,

SupeHnte^ident Hadley SUUion.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 101

Ltist of Ponds stocked, — Thirty great ponds of the State
have been stocked with food fish suitable to the varying condi-
tions in the ponds, but all were desirable varieties for game
or food ; and regulations controlling fisheries for three years
have been applied, in conformity to the provisions of section 19,
chapter 91 of the Revised Laws. Such regulations were, how-
ever, omitted in cases where a pond was restocked that had
been stocked within three years, and sindlar provisions of con-
trol had already been applied to it.

Sixteen of the ponds were stocked for the first time, or were
restocked upon petition, in accordance with law, for the second
time. Of the latter there were 5, — an increasing number,
which is evidence of the growing popularity of the law mak-
ing possible a continuance of the conservative regulations
applied, and the resultant continuance of a reasonable supply
of fish, instead of the waters being practically barren of fish life.
Following are the names and location of ponds stocked for
tiie first time, and the species of fish put into them : Massa-
poag Lake, Sharon, pike perch ; Long Pond and Little Long
Pond, Plymouth, were stocked with pike perch and brown
tront; Packard Pond,^Athol, landlocked salmon ; Goose Pond,
Chatham, Baker's Pond, Orleans, and Great Herring Pond,
Plymouth, were stocked with brown trout; Billington Sea,
Rymouth, Quannapowitt Lake, Wakefield, Baddacook Pond,
Groton, and Sheep Pond, Brewster, were stocked with rain-
bow trout.

The following were stocked for the second time, and the
fishing therein reregulated, under section 19, chapter 91 of
tfie Revised Laws : Long Pond, Tewksbury, and Pleasant
Pond, Wenham, were stocked with pike perch ; Long Pond,
Freetown, with brown trout; Great Pond, North Andover,
and Forest Lake, Palmer, were stocked with rainbow trout.

The following ponds, with regulations of which were in
force at the time, were restocked in accordance with the
policy of the commission to do all possible to increase the
abundance of fish in so-called closed ponds : Forest Lake,
Pahner, pike perch and adult brook trout ; Round Pond,
Pahner, pike perch ; Massapoag Lake, Groton, pike perch and
landlocked smelt; Spectacle Pond, Littleton, brown trout.

102 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

pike perch and landlocked smelt; Fort Pond, Littleton, pike
perch; Quabbin Lake, Greenwich, brown trout, pike perch
and landlocked smelt; North Pond, Orange, pike perch;
Cranberry Pond, Spencer, landlocked smelt; Laurel Lake,
Lee, brown trout and landlocked smelt ; Lake Chaubunagan-
gamaug, Webster, adult trout ; Neck Pond, Barnstable, land-
locked smelt ; White Pond, Concord, Hampton Pond, Westfield,
and Pearl Lake, Wrentham, brown trout; and Bock Pond,
Georgetown, landlocked smelt eggs.

In addition to the above, Hoosicwhisick Pond in the Blue
Hill reservation and Lake Quinsigamond in Worcester were both
stocked, but not closed, making a total of 32 ponds stocked.

Uniform regulations have been applied. These regulations
prohibit, for three years from date of issuance, ^*all fishing
from the first of November to the first of June of each j'^ear.
Fishing is permitted with single^ hook and hand line, or line
(with single hook) attached to a rod or pole held in the hand,
on Monday, Wednesday and Saturday of each week, from the
first day of June to the first day of November of each year,
while the regulations are in force." A penalty of $20 for
violation of these regulations has been .fixed by the commis-
sioners, in accordance with law.

What Ponds shall be stocked? — The petitions filed, de-
manding the stocking of ponds which had been assigned for
the water supply of towns and cities, and the attempts made
by some of the water boards to control or prohibit fishing in
such ponds, through certain regulations promulgated by them-
selves or by boards of health, raised anew the question of the
constitutional rights of the people in the matter of fishing or
enjoying other public rights in great ponds of the State on the
one hand, and the powers of water boards under various acts
of the Legislature on the other, — a question that is trouble-
some to the public and to this commission, and which ought
to be authoritatively settled.

It is true that the late Hosea M. Knowlton, while holding
the position of Attorney-General of the Commonwealth, when
considering a question of the public rights in a pond assigned
by statute as a water supply of a town, declared that : ** It is
well settled that the statute authorizing the town to take Cape

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 103

Pond does not take away any public rights in said pond, ex-
cepting so fiar as they are necessarily lost in the exercise of
the right conferred upon the town to use the waters of the
pond as a source of water supply. The right of fishing remains
unimpaired, as well as all other public rights, subject to the
limitations I have stated."

The same distinguished authority also gave it as his opinion
that ^<the town has no right to obstruct the passage of fish,
unless it can show that the waters of the pond are thereby
rendered unsuitable for drinking purposes." If this is a cor-
rect interpretation of public rights, then it follows that towns
and cities, or any agency thereof, have no legal right to pro-
hibit or control fishing in great ponds of the State that are
used for a water supply, unless it can be clearly shown that
fishing makes the waters fished in '^unsuitable for drinking
purposes." And ^' the burden of showing this fiwjt is upon the
town," according to the authority quoted.

It is regrettable that the opinion given by Mr. Knowlton
fidls to indicate whether or not it is the duty of the State
to take legal proceedings against municipalities which have
seemingly invaded public rights by alleged prohibition of or
attempts at control of fishing in ponds stocked by the Common-
wealth, without showing clearly to this commission that such
action was necessary to preserve the purity of the water <' for
drinking purposes." In consequence of this omission, and the
general assumption that the State should make an issue of this
matter, the commission has been besought to act in various
directions, especially in the matter of stocking water supply
ponds, with the evident hope on the part of some that a contest
in the courts for the determination of the respective authority
of the State and the municipalities in the right to control fish-
ing under the various water supply acts of the Legislature may
be precipitated. Such a contest would necessarily be costly
and troublesome, and jnight be the cause of firiction between
those desirous of being at peace with each other and extending
to each other every courtesy that good will can prompt. For
these reasons, anything in the nature of a conflict of authority,
which would make a resort to the courts necessary on the part
of any one, would be greatly deplored.

104 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

MeaDtime, the situatioD is clearly embarrassiDg. The law
(section 19, chapter 91, Revised Laws) is mandatory regard-
ing the stocking of ponds. It provides that, when a petition
has been properly presented, requesting that '' a great pond"
be stocked, <^ the commissioners . . . shall cause the waters
of such pond to be stocked with such food fish," etc. ; and
** they shall thereupon prescribe . . . regulations relative to
the fishing in such ponds and their tributaries. ..."

If, then, a great pond of the State continues to be such^ so
fiftr as fishing is concerned, after it is legally assigned as a water
supply, then it is evidently the duty of the commission to
comply with the mandate of the law when a request to stock it
is presented in due and proper form ; and it is dearly the duty
and right of the commission to ^^ prescribe . . . regulations
relative to the fishing " therein. There can be no question
about this, and for this reason it is difficult to see how a re-
grettable oontlict of authority can be avoided if we comply with
the law^ and some other agency with eqital authority of law
attempts to do what the law commands us to perform.

It is therefore evident that the Legislature should take action
that will settle this question. It should declare either that the
assignment of a pond as a water supply takes away from the
people no right of fishing or other public right, so long as
fishing, sailing, etc., is pursued in a manner that does not
cause pollution of the water; or else it should clearly state
that a water supply pond is not a great pond of the State, so
far as public rights are concerned, and when assigned for such
a purpose is thereafter to be the property of a corporation, to
be controlled by the water board of the town or city it supplies,
and the public have no constitutional rights therein.

The acts of water boards in prohibiting fishing, boating,
shooting, etc., on certain ponds, seem to have been taken on
the presumption that it was the intent of the Legislature, in
making assignments for water supply, to absolutely take away
from the public all rights they had theretofore enjoyed, and to
which they are still entitled, if the opinion of the late eminent
Attorney-General Knowlton is of any value. In view of this,
and because it is evidently unwise to put fish into a pond
from which the public are or may be excluded, it seems highly

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 105

important that this matter should be definitely settled by
legislation. Meantime, we have deemed the matter of suf-
ficient importance to request the Attorney-General to furnish
us with an opinion on the chief points at issue, in order that
we may be able to carry on our work with a full knowledge of
public rights in the ponds (or lack of them), and also with an
authorized definition of our responsibility and authority under
the law. It is also desirable that the limitations upon water
boards should be clearly and authoritatively established.

While it may be conceded that the preservation of the
purity of drinking water is of practically paramount impor-
tance, there is serious question if public rights should be reck-
lessly invaded, on the pretext of securing this. The fullest
possible proof should be submitted to proper authority that no
other means can be found to accomplish needful results ; and,
at least, this commission should be relieved from the respon-
sibility of stocking water supply ponds over which it cannot
exercise control of fishing. Either this or the right to use
great ponds of the State for a water supply should be aban-
doned. At any rate, the present embarrassing and unnecessary
condition should not longer exist.

The following exhaustive opinion of the Attorney-General
throws a clear light upon the status of water supply ponds,
and shows beyond question that the assignment of a pond for
water supply by the Legislature immediately changes the
status of a great pond of the State. It therefore appears that
it is thereafter impracticable for this commission to completely
carry out the mandates of section 19, chapter 91 of the Revised
Laws. This })eing the case, it seems wiser — indeed, impera-
tive — that we shall not hereafter attempt to stock ponds that
are used for water supply purposes, since it is evident that we
cannot exercise control over them, and, the rights of fishery
are subordinate to those for which a pond has been assigned.

Decision of the Attorney- General.

Office of the Attorney Genekal,

Boston, Nov. 2.% Um.

Joseph W. Collins, Esq., Chainnan, Department of Fisheries and Game,

Dear Sir : — You have required my opinion upon the effect which
certain rales and regulations made by the State 3oard of Health,

106 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

under Revieed Laws, chapter 75, section 113, may have upon the
duty of the Fish and Game Commission, under the provisions of
Revised Laws, chapter 91, section 19.

Revised Laws, chapter 75, section 112, is as follows: —

The state board of health shall have the genei*al oversight and care of
all inland waters and of all streams and ponds used by any citj', town or
public institution or by any water or ice company in this commonwealth
as sources of water supply, and of all springs, streams and water courses
tributary thereto. It shall be provitled with maps, plans and documents
suitable for such purposes, and shall keep records of all its transactions
rclatiTe thereto.

Section 113 reads : —

Said board may cause examinations of such waters to be made to ascer-
tain their purity and fitness for domestic use or their liability to impair the
interests of the public or of persons lawfully using them or to imperil the
public health. It may make rules and regulations to prevent the pollution
and to secure the sanitary protection of all such waters as are used as
sources of water supply.

Revised Laws, chapter 91, section 19, provides that: —

'I'he commissioners, upon the petition of the mayor and aldermen of a
city or of the selectmen of a town within which a great pond or a portion
thereof is situated, or of thirty or more inhabitants thereof, shall cause the
waters of such pond to be stocked with such food fish as they judge to be
best suited to such waters. They shall thereupon prescribe, for a period
not exceeding three years, such reasonable regulations relative to the fish-
ing in such ponds and their tributaries, with such penalties, not exceeding
twenty dollars for one offence, as they deem to be for the public interest,
and shall cause such regulations to be enforced. Five hundred dollars
shall be annually appropriated by the commonwealth to carry out the
provisions of this section.

This section was amended by Statutes of 1903, chapter 274, which
authorized the commission to restock such ponds with food fisli.

The facts submitted in your communication are applicable to
North Watuppa Pond and its tributaries, which is used by the city
of Fall River as a source of water supply.

Acting under the authority of Revised Laws, chapter 75, section
1 13, the State Board of Health has made certain rules and regulations
governing North Watuppa Pond and its tributaries, of which only
section 14 is material to the present question.

14. No person shall bathe in, and no person shall, unless permitted by
a special regulation or by a written permit of the Watuppa water board of
the city of Fall RivlBr, fish in, or send, drive or put any animal into North

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 107

Watuppa Pond, so called, said pond being in the city of Fall River and the
town of Westport, and used by said city as a source of water supply. No
person other tlian a member of said Watuppa water board, its officers,
agents or employees, or public officers whose duties may so require, shall,
unless so permitted by regulation or permit of said board, enter or go, in
any boat, skiff, raft or other contrivance, on or upon the water of said pond,
nor shall enter or go upon, or drive any animal upon, the ice of said pond.

Your letter also states that the board of health for the city of Fall
River has also ^established rules and regulations relating to North
Watnppa Pond, in substance like those above quoted ; but, inasmuch
as it is the clear intendment of Revised Laws, chapter 75, sections
112 to 130, to place the entire regulation of sources of water supply
within the sole jurisdiction of the Slate Board of Health, 1 do not
regard the local regulations referred to as material upon the matter
of your inquiry. It is true that local boards may still control and
abate nuisances which may be found within their jurisdiction, and
aiK>n or adjacent to great ponds, whether or not such ponds are used
as sources of water supply (see Stone v. Heath, 179 Mass. 388) ; but
there is no statutory authority for the establishment by them of any
permanent rules or regulations relating to sources of water supply.
Such regulations, therefore, can have no effect upon, the duties of the
fish and game commission.

The |X>wer of the State Board of Health to make rules and regula-
tioDB is conferred in order ''to prevent" the pollution and ''to
secure" the sanitary protection of great ponds which are used as
sources of water supply. This is a police regulation, and, in so far
as such rules and regulations are necessary for the preservation of
the purity of the water, ihey will take precedence of general statutes
regulating the rights of the public in great ponds. The fact that a
great pond has been taken as a source of water supply, however,
does not in and of itself necessarily deprive the public of the right
of fishing, or, indeed, of any other right which may be exercised
without interfering with th& use of the pond as a source of water
supply (see Rockport't;. Webster, 174 Mass. 385 ; Opinion of Attor-
ney-General, Dec. 6,1900; Attorney-Generars report, 1900, page
111).

It mast be assumed, therefore, that the rules and regulations made
by the State Board of Health, under authority of Revised Laws,
chapter 75, section 113, were based upon some finding or adjudica-
tion by sach Board that the use by the public of the waters so regu-
lated, for lioating, fishing or taking ice, is or is likely to become a
source of pollution, and an injury to the water taken therefrom for
the purposes of water supply, in which case the rules and regulations
are authorized, and are binding upon the public.

108 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

It remains to consider the effect of this rule or regulation upon
Revised Laws, chapter 91, section 19. This statute is mandatory,
and imposes a duty upon the Fish and Game Commissioners to stock
the waters of a great pond whenever a petition of the prescribed
character is addressed to them ; yet, if the requirement of the sec-
tion is absolute, it would follow, in the case of North Watoppa
Pond, that upon petition they would be required to stock such pond
without the authority to use a boat, if a boat were necessary, in
distributing the fish ; and the petitioners would not .be permitted to
derive any benefit therefrom unless the permission of the Watuppa
Water Board of the city of Fall River was obtained. Moreover, it
is within the bounds of possibility that at any time the State Board
of Health may absolutely forbid fishing and boating, and thus render
the operation of stocking such pond not only useless to the public,
but conceivably injurious to the waters of the pond as a source of
water supply.

In view of these contradictions, it seems to me impossible to bold
that any duty under Revised Laws, chapter 91, section 19, rests upon
the Fish and Game Commission to stock a pond used as a source of
water supply, and upon the public enjoyment of w;hich, rules and
regulations of the State Board of Health similar to those under con-
sideration have been imposed. In other words, a great pond which
is set apart as a source of water supply is, in a measure, withdrawn
from the status of a great pond, and all public rights attaching
thereto are subordinated to the single use to which the Legislature
has devoted it. It is true that to a limited extent other public rights
therein may be still exercised ; but the jurisdiction of the Fish and
Game Commission is so seriously affected, that> in my opinion, the
mandatory language of section 19 would not be applicable ; and the
commission must be permitted to use its discretion in determming
whether or not, in consideration of the existing rules and regulations
of the State Board of Health, it is advisable or proper to comply
with a petition for stocking such a great pond.

Very truly yours, Herbert Parker,

Attorney' General.

In view of this decision by the Attorney-General, it is
announced that this comniission will decline to stock a great
pond which is being used as a source of water supply.

Attention may justly be called to the petitions that liave
been filed, asking for the stocking of private ponds, that are
gravely declared to be " great ponds of the State '' by the peti-
tioners. Whether this is done through ignorance, or with the

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 109

intent of fraudulently acquiring something from the State, we
are unable to say ; but there have been cases in which the
ponds were so clearly not great ponds of the State, that it is
difficult to have a high conception of the intelligence or the
honesty of purpose behind the effort to get them stocked free
of cost. So large a percentage of the applications have been
for private ponds, that the conmiission has found it necessary
to Mefer stocking any pond until it has had opportunity to
examine it, or at least to satisfy itself that it is, naturally, a
great pond of the State, and entitled to consideration as such.
We cannot undertake to put fish into any waters where there
is question of public rights being disturbed by private or cor-
porate authority, unless the law compels such action.

Rivern stocked. — Taunton Great River was stocked with
more than 3,000,000 shad, that number having been put into
Assowompsett Lake and its tributaries, which are head waters
and natural spawning grounds of this river. The head waters
of Parker Biver — Crane Pond — were stocked with exceeding
3,000,000 of ^shad fry. This is the first time this river has
been stocked with this species ; but the Taunton Great River
was stocked two years ago with shad, and it is reasonable to
assume that we shall shortly learn of adult fish of this species
appearing in the spring run in increasing numbers.

Examination of Ponds. — The work of examining ponds, in
order to secure sufficient data to enable us to stock them intel-
ligently, was continued as usual. The presentation of peti-
tions alleging that certain private ponds are great ponds of the
State, and urging us to stock them, is, as stated elsewhere, an
additional reason why ponds should be examined before any
fish are put into them by the State.

Twenty-two ponds have been visited, and examinations were
made in every case where a boat was available, and the ponds
were sufficiently large to justify official consideration of this
kind. In one case it was quickly seen that three ponds at
Attleborough were not only small, but artificial as well ; one
pond that was examined at Sandwich, because the claim was
urged that it was a great pond of the State, was subsequently
found to be artificial ; and three ponds in the Blue Hill reser-
vation of the metropolitan park system were visited, and such

110 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

examinations were made as seemed necessary to determine
their leading characteristics, and thus to enable us to decide
what species of fish ought to be put into them. In five years
91 ponds have been examined suflBciently to determine (1)
if they are great ponds of the State, and (2) to acquire suffi-
cient knowledge of them otherwise to enable us to stock them
intelligently. In all, more than 100 ponds have been visited.

Following are notes relating to ponds visited in 1904 : —

Massapoag Lake, Sharon : This is a fine, oval-shaped pond^
of considerable size, the banks being wooded in some places^
while in other sections there are cleared &rms or lawns.
Around the lake are numerous fine cottages and one hotel, also
a large icehouse. Another icehouse which has been located on
the edge of the pond was burned shortly before the visit of the
commission. The principal species of fish are red and white
perch, black bass, pickerel, catfish, shiners and roach or sun-
fish. The bottom is soft black mud over large areas, and gen-
erally in the deeper sections, in which, however, patches of
clean bottom sand or gravel are found. At the time of examina-
tion, on May 23, 1904, there was no indication of much vegeta-
tion in the water, such as pickerel grass and lilies. It is probable
that pickerel grass is abundant in midsummer, and that a few
lilies may grow along the edges of the pond. The tempera-
tures taken indicated that there are springs at the bottom of
the pond, since the temperature in »ome places is much lower
than it is in others at the same depth. We were told that there
are bars across one end, and that in low stages of water in
midsummer parts of them are dry. The temperatures obtained
were as follows: air, 80^ F. ; surface, 64^; depth of 12 feet,
f)40; 17 feet and 20 feet, 62°; 30 feet, 61^; 36 feet, 60^; 39
feet, 56° ; 42 feet, 58^.

Upper Shawme Pond, Sandwich : This pond was examined
on June 20. A careful examination, supplemented by in-
quiry, developed the fact that it is wholly an artificial pond.
Thus, although it is now of considerable size, it must be classed
as a private pond.

Long Pond, Plymouth: This is a beautiful pond, about a
mile and a half long and fi:om one-fourth to two-thu-ds of a
mile or more wide, the width varying considerably, owing to

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. Ill

coves or bays along the sides of the pond. The shores of this
pond are generally bold and wooded, although not remarkably
high at any point. The shores are sandy as a rule, but with
cobblestones, pebbles and gravel mixed with sand in many
places. The shores &11 off steeply, with clear, sandy and
gravel bottom, and depths ranging from 25 to 35 feet not far
from the land. One brook enters the pond. There are sev-
eral fine summer houses along the shores of the pond, and
others which are less pretentious. These residences are em-

■

bowered in trees as a rule, though in some cases there are
cleared fields. The principal species of fish are white and
red perch, small-mouth black bass, which are scarce. There
are a few pickerel. We were told that there were no bull-
heads or catfish, and no sunfish or shiners, but an abundance
of minnows. The pond has the greatest depth of any yet ex-
amined by this commission, and a range of temperature that
makes it suitable for any species of game fish. The following
temperatures were obtained on June 21 : surface, 70° F. ; at
depths of 18 and 25 feet, 68° ; 30 feet, 59° ; HI feet, 54° ; .s2
feet, 58°. The temperature at the bottom apparently fluctu-
ates considerably, to such a degree that, as indicated above,
a temperature may be obtained in one place that is much
lower than it is in another, even though the depth is greater
at the latter point. This pond is reputed to have a depth of
over 100 feet, and no doubt the claim is true. On the occ^a-
sion when it was examined, however, a threatened squall pre-
vented a careful search for the deepest water ; l)ut the depth
and temperatures obtained were of a nature that did not require
further research for the purposes of this commission.

Great South Pond, Plymouth : This is a large and nearly
circular pond, which has been taken as a water supply for tlie
town of Plymouth. The principal species of fish are blaek
bass, pickerel, white and red perch, catfish and eels. Shores
and bottom are sandv. There is a brook which connects Boot
and Great South ponds, and another between Little South and
Great South, About twenty cottages arc around this pond,
the shores of which are considerably varied, being low in some
places and hilly in others, but generally wooded. There are
no pond lilies except in some of the coves. The bottom is

112 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

generally clean, but there is more or 'less 'Silt. The tempera-
tures obtained on June 21 were as follows : surface, 70^ F. ;
at a depth of 25 feet, 68° ; at 48 feet, which was the maximum
depth obtained, temperatures of 60°, 65° and 66° were found.

Ponkapog Pond, Blue Hill reservation, Milton : This is a
large, shallow pond, about three-fourths of which is within
the metropolitan park system at Blue Hill. It has well-
wooded, low shores, and in places grassy shallows, barely out
of water, which are covered with a dense growth of reeds, etc.
It was visited on July 12, but no boat being available, it was
not practicable to examine it. The following data, however,
• were obtained from Hon. E. P. Whitney of the Board of
Metropolitan Park Commissioners. The pond has a soft,
muddy bottom for the most part, but in some small areas
there are stones and gravel. It also has abundant aquatic
vegetation. The depth does not exceed 10 feet in any place
at the highest 3tages of water, and generally Avill not be over
8 feet, while a large part of the pond has a depth that would
not exceed 6 feet. The pond is noted for having large pick-
erel and some yellow perch and black bass, although the latter
species is not numerous. It is probable that the temperatures
in midsummer would range from 75° F. to 80°.

Turtle Pond, metropolitan park reservation, Hyde Park :
This is a small, shallow pond, that was formerly known as
Mud Pond, but is of considerable local value for fishing. It
is resorted to by those who care to catch pickerel, perch, etc.
The pond was visited on July 12, but inasmuch as there was
no boat available, it was not examined. We learn, however,
that it does not exceed 10 feet in depth, and has a muddy bot-
tom, with pond lilies and other aquatic vegetation. It is
probable that the temperature of the water in midsummer is
not below 70° F., or 75° at the lowest.

Hoosicwhisick Pond, Blue Hill reservation, Milton : This is
a fine pond of 50 or 60 acres, on the metropolitan park res-
ervation at Blue Hill, and in general lias low or sloping bank.s,
which are well wooded, and as a rule rise gradually from the
water. The shores are stony, pebbly and gravelly as a rule,
but in places there are stretches of sand beach. One brook
flows into the pond, and there is a small outlet which some-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 113

times dries up in summer. The principal species of fish are
pickerel,' pout or catfish, small yellow perch, sunfish and shin-
ers, but the species chiefly sought by anglers are not abundant.
The bottom in the deeper part of the pond is soft, black mud,
but there appear to be [)atches of cleaner bottom near the
odges ; and there is little or no aquatic growth, such as pond
lilies and other aquatic gi'asses. When the pond was exam-
ined, on July 12, the following temperatures were obtained :
surface, 80° F. ; at a depth of 18 feet, (5(5^ ; 22 feet, 62° ; 26
feet, 52^ ; 40 feet, 56^. The bottom temperatures indicate the
presence of springs in places.

Sheep Pond, Brewster : This is a large, natural pond, being
about one and one-half miles long by one-quarter to one-half
of a mile in width. For the most part the banks rise in steep
hills and blufis, some of which are well wooded with scrub
oaks ; but the majority of the bluffs are bare, and are simply
steep, sandy hills, rising abruptly from the shore. The
beaches are sandy, as a rule. There is very little aquatic
vegetation. There is only one cottage near the pond. This
pond is evidently deep ; presumably it may have a depth ot
more than 100 feet, with probably sandy and gravelly bottom.
It is evidently fed by springs, and presumably the temperature
in the deepest portions is low. The principal species of fish
are black bass, pickerel, white and yellow perch, sunfish and
shiners. At the time this- pond was examined, on July 28,
the surface temperature was 76^ F. There was no proper
opportunity to examine the pond, owing to the fact that no
boat other than a tiny skifi' was available, and she was so small
that it was dangerous to attempt an examination in the stiff
breeze that prevailed. However, one sounding was made in
40 feet, where a temperature of 74° was secured ; but, owing
to the risk, the thermometer was down only a few seconds,
and it is probable Jbhat it did not show the exact temperature
of the water.

Baker's Pond, Orleans : This is a pond of considerable size,
^vith densely wooded banks all around it, but no cottages very
near. There are, however, some shooting blinds. The pond
has the appearance of being fed by springs. The shores are
sandy, and it is probable that the bottoii) is also sandy. It

114 FISH AND GAME, [Dec.

has the appearance of being deep in the centre. There are a
few lily pads in the shallow coves. The shores for the most
part rise more or less steeply, bat are low and marshy in spote.
The pond was visited July 28, but no boat being available, it
was impracticable to make a careful examination of it.

Goose Pond, Chatham : This is a natural pond of approxi-
mately 150 acres, with generally steep, wooded shores ; bat in
places there are bare, sandy blufis, rising abruptly from the
beach, and in a few places the shores are low and boggy.
The beaches are sandy as a rule, and presumably the bottom
is the same. The bottom falls off steeply into deep water.
No brooks empty into the pond, and it is evidently fed by
springs. There is very little aquatic vegetation, but there are
a few reeds and other aquatic grasses in shallow places near
the shore. There are no camps or cottages around this popd.
The. principal species offish are pickerel, yellow perch, catfish,
sunfish and shiners. A careful examination of the pond could
not be made, because no boat was available.

Deantown Pond, Farmer's and Mechanic's Pond, Attle-
borough : These ponds were visited by the late chairman on July
21, and sufficient examination was made to determine the &ct
that they are all flowed ponds, and are entirely artificial.
They are all small and shallow, with depths probably ranging
from 4 to 8 feet. The dams are from 8 to 10 feet high. The
ponds were evidently originally flowed for milling purposes.
The commission has on file a petition for stocking these ponds,
but, inasmuch as the State has clearly no jurisdiction over
them, no action of this kind could be taken.

Crystal I^ke, Haverhill : This is a pond of considerable
size, which was naturally a great pond of the State, but has
been apparently flowed somewhat to increase its acreage, for
the purpose of serving as a water supply for the city of Haver-
hill. In the eastern section the water is shallow and warm,
with muddy, grass-covered bottom as a rule, though in some
places there are patches of stone, pebbles and gravel. Here
there are many lily pads. The water is deepest in the western
section>f and is reputed to be 70 feet deep in one spot. As a
rule the bottom in this section is soft black mud, without
grass ; but there are small patches of hard bottom, and some
aquatic plants, such as lily pads and pickerel grass, near the

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 115

shores or in coves where the water is comparatively shallow.
The shores of the pond are generally stony or pebbly, bat there
are patches of gravel. The banks rise gently from the water,
and are well wooded. In ])laces where there are tall trees the
banks have the appearance of being steep. There are a num-
ber of cottages around the pond, but not much attempt has
been made to clear places about them. In spring and fall
there are two small brooks that empty into the pond, but these
are dried up in summer. There is also a* small outlet when
the pond is high. The principal species of fish are pickerel,
yellow perch, catfish, sunfish, eels and shiners. On July 22y
when the pond was examined, the following temperatures were
obtained : surface, 80^ F. ; at a depth of 8 feet, 79° ; 10 feet,
78^; 12 feet, 63° ; 38 feet, 52° ; 40 feet, 59° ; 46 feet, oG^ ;
48 feet, 55^. The lastr-mentioned depth was the maximum
depth obtained. It is evident, from the variation in tempera-
tures, that the pond is largely or wholly fed by springs.

Great Pond, North Andover : This is a fine pond of con-
siderable size, that is used for a water supply. It is clear of
aquatic vegetation to a large degree, if not entirely. The
banks of the pond as a rule rise gently. There are some
cleared areas, but for the most part the banks are well wooded
down to the water, even where there are camps or summer
houses, of which there are many. The bottom is chiefly soft
black mud where the pond is deepest, but there are patches of
stones and gravel, the hard bottom, however, being more in
evidence near the shores than elsewhere. The beaches are
mostly stony and gravelly. The principal species of fish are
white and red perch, black bass, pickerel, pout or catfish and
sunfish. It is said that before the pond was stocked with black
bass, of which there are both the small-mouth and the large-
mouth variety, shiners were abundant, but that now they are
scarce. White perch are reputed to be large and abundant,
and bass are also stated to be plentiful. On August 9, when
the examination was made, the following temperatures were
obtained : surface, 77° F. ; in depth of 13 feet, 74° ; 26 feet,
66^; 30 feet, 650; 29^ feet, 62^; 28 feet, 63^ ; 32 feet, 61° ;
38 feet, 65°. The fluctuations in temperature indicate the
presence of springs at the bottom of the pond.

Pearl Lake, Wrentham : Pearl I^ake, or Whiting Pond, in

116 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Wrentham, is naturally a great pond of the State, but its area
has been somewhat enlarged by flowage, caused by the building
of a dam 3 to 5 feet high at the outlet of the pond. The shores
are generally stony, pebbly and gravelly, and the banks rise more
or less gently, although in some places there are steep bluffs.
At other points there are short stretches of low, marshy shore.
The banks are mostly well wooded, but there are cleared area^
of greater or less extent. The lake is a fitvorite summer resort,
where people go to enjoy picnics, etc., as well as to spend the
summer months. There are many cottages and camps around
the lake, some of which are i-ather pretentious. In the middle
of the pond are two small islands, on each of which is a cottage.
There are inlets, some of which are more or less shrunken or
dry in summer, and an outlet caused by the overflow at the
dam. The bottom is extremely variable. Patches of hard
gravel or stones and soft mud alternate at short distances.
There is some pickerel grass on the l>ottom, but very few lily
pads except in some of the shallow coves. The cliief species
of fish are red and white perch, pickerel, l)lack bass, so-called
''lake trout" (which are brown trout, with which the lake was
stocked recently), pout or catfish, which are reputed to be
plentiful, suckers, sunfish and shiners. The following tem-
peratures were obtained on August 11, on which date the lake
was examined : surface, 74° F. ; depth of 8 feet, 73° ; 15 feet,
670; 28 feet, 54^; 22 feet, 62^; 20 feet, 70°; 32 feet, 58°;
29 feet, 59°. The fluctuations in temperature indicate springs
on the bottom of the lake.

iVrchers Pond, "Wrentham : This is a fine, attractive pond,
situated close to Wrentham Lake, and a tributary to the latter.
For nine or ten months of the year a small brook runs from
Archers Pond to Wrentham Lake, but in midsummer, when
the water siirinks considerably through evaporation, there is
only a small trickling rivulet (caused chiefly by seepage) that
suggests connection between the two ponds. Archers Pond
is a favorite summer resort for the people of the J^ttleboroughs
and other contiguous manufacturing to\\Tis; is in general
wooded, with gently rising banks. At one end of the pond
there is a settlement and considerable cleared land, but gen-
erally speaking the cottages or camps are built close to the

1904.J PUBLIC DOCUjVIENT — No. 25. 117

water s edge, and apparently an eflfort has been made not to
disturb the foliage of the place. The water is very clear, with
practically no apparent vegetation. It is reputed to have a
depth of 70 feet, but this is doubtful. The principal species
of fish are the red and white perch, black bass, pickerel, sun-
fish and pout. The following temperatures were obtained on
August 11, at which time the examination was made : surface,
76^ F. ; depth of 30 feet, 64° ; 33 feet, oO^.

Baddacook Pond, (iroton : This is a natural pond of con-
siderable size, and is held in reserve for a water supply for the
town of Groton. As a matter of fact, the water supply of the
town is obtained from a large well close alongside of the pond,
and the water of the latter is not now used. There is no dam
or other artificial means of raising the water, so far as was
seen. The pond has one inlet and one outlet, but is apparently
largely fed by springs. The banks are divided between low,
reedy stretches of shore, and coarse rocks, pebbles or gravel.
The banks as a rule rise more or less gradually, in some places
rather steeply. 1?hey are about equally divided between
wooded areas and cleared spaces. There are four farmhouses
near the pond, also two summer cottages and a pumping sta-
tion. Aquatic grasses and lily pads are found in a few places
in the shallow coves, but as a rule are not much in evidence.
The bottom is generally soft black mud, but an occasional spot
of hard bottom was found. There is a bar across the south-
west end of the pond, where there are only 2 or 3 feet of
water, but in other places the depth was fully up to the aver-
age for ponds of this class. The principal species of fish are
pickerel, yellow perch, pout or catfish, sunfish, chiven and
shiners, and it is said that fish are generally not abundant.
On September 6 the following temperatures were secured :
sur&ce, 730 F. ; depth of 29^- feet, 64° ; 20 feet, m^ ; 35 feet,
550 ; 40 feet, 58°; 42 feet, 54o.

Crystal Lake, Gardner: This is u natural pond, about one
and one-half miles long and one-half mile wide. It is situated
in West Gardner, and is a beautiful and attractive feature of
the locality. It is the source of water supply of the town,
which is reputed to have a population of about 12,000. It is
a favorite resort for boating, and is also utilized to some extent

118 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

for fishing. We were informed that 'boating and fishing on
this pond have always been permitted, despite the fact that it
is used as a water supply. There is a cemetery located on the
village end of one side of the lake ; on the opposite side is a
club house and at the south end a pumping station, but there
are no summer cottages, since the village is so near that there
seems no occasion for these. The shores rise gently, but in
some places to a considerable height. They are partly wooded,
and on the unsettled portion of the banks bordering the pond
the land is about equally divided between wooded and cleared
sections. The pond is very clean and exceptionally free from
lily pads and other aquatic grasses, although these may occur
to a slight extent in the more shallow sections. Pickerel
grass was found in depths of 10 to 15 feet. The shores are
generally rocky, but the bottom is chiefly soft mud with few
hard spots. There are two little inlets or tiny brooks which
are dry in midsummer. The principal species of fish are pick-
erel, black bass, pout or catfish, yellow perch, sunfish and
shiners. At the time of examination, on' September 8, the
following temperatures were obtained : surface, 68° F. ; depth
of 16 feet, 66°; 28 feet, 660; 32 feet, 60°. The maximum
depth obtained was 32 feet.

Lake Quannapowitt, Wakefield : This is a large, natural
pond, which, like Crystal Lake in Gardner, is so near the
thickly settled portion of Wakefield that it is a much-fre-
quented resort of the residents for boating and fishing. It is
a reserve source of water supply for the town, but we are
informed that it is not used for such a purpose at the present
time, and fishing and boating have never been interfered with.
Generally speaking, the banks of the pond are rather low, or
at least they do not rise to any considerable height. They are
about equally divided between clearings and wooded sections,
or at least sections where there are a number of fine shade
trees. There are many houses around the lake, which is
practically in the settled section of Wakefield ; on one side,
however, there is a cemetery. Much of the shore is rocky,
naturally or artificially, but the bottom is apparently covered
by soft mud. It is reputed to have one spot in which tliere
is a depth of 15 to 20 feet, but there is doubt of the exisU^nce

^ 1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 119

of such a place, as many soundings were taken without any
indication of a greater depth than 10 feet. Pickerel grass and
other aquatic grasses were common on the bottom, but no
weeds or lily pads were seen at the sur&ce, although such may
occur on the surface in isolated shallow spots. The principal
si>ecie8 of fish are white and yellow perch, big and small mouth
blsick bass, pickerel, carp, pout, eels, sunfish and shiners.
Formerly it was a spawning ground for alewivcs. As might
readily be assumed, the water is warm. The following tem-
peratures were obtained on September 12, when it was exam-
ined : surface, 70^ F. ; depth of 8 feet, 70° ; 10 feet, 68°.

Packard Pond, Orange : This is a natural great pond of the
State, but is comparatively small in size, perhaps not exceeding
30 or 40 acres in extent. Its acreage has been slightly in-
creased by flowage, but not materially, due to the fact that the
pond is situated in an amphitheatre of hills, and is what some
of the local people designate as a ^' sink hole." As a natural
consequence it has steep sides, and the bottom falls off abruptly
to a depth of 20 to 30 feet close to the shore. The shores are
gravel, and, so far as soundings were taken, indicated that the
bottom is hard and generally of this gravelly nature. There
are two or three camps located near the pond, the banks of
which are generally well wooded. There is a single inlet and
one outlet. At the time the pond was examined, on Septem-
ber 22, the water was low, being down to about a point where
it was before it was flowed. When it is at the maximum it is
•about 15 feet higher. The pond is reputed to have a depth of
45 to 50 feet when high, and this is probably a correct esti-
mate. Packard Pond is remarkable for being exceedingly
clean, so far as vegetable matter is concerned. The principal
species of fish are yellow perch, pickerel, pout and sunfish.
There are said to be no shiners and very few cattish. The
following temperatures were obtained : * surface, 60° F. ; at a
depth of 25 feet, 48° ; 30 feet, 46°.

Pottapaug Pond, Dana : This is a natural pond of fair size.
The east branch of Swift River empties into it and leaves it

* At the time the examination was made there had been two or three days of
cold weather for the season, and the air temperature at the time was down to 52**,
- "Which probably influenced the surface temperature of the pond to some extent.

120 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

as an outlet, but the flow is almost imperceptible, as a rule.
There are, besides, two good-sized brooks and one small brook
that empty into it. The shores are low in places and gently
rising in others, and they are partially wooded, mostly with
young growth. There is one farmhouse near the pond, and
one cottage or camp. This is a markedly shallow pond, the
depth not exceeding 9 feet in any place, so far as the examina-
tion demonstrated, and a good many soundings were taken.
The depth for the most part ranges from 4 to 7 feet. The
bottom is soft mud, but the pond is reputed to have hard hot-
tom near the shore in one or two places. Examination, how-
ever, did not disclose anything of this kind. Pickerel graSvS
or other aquatic grasses are abundant all over it, and there is
a considerable quantity of lily })ads in the shallowest sections.
The principal species offish are yellow {)erch, [uckerel, catfish,
eels and shiners ; sunfish and suckers arc also found, but not
in abundance. The pond was examined on September 23.
which was the third of a series of cold days, during which the
temperature of the air had been down to freezing, and at the
time the examination was made was 52^. The temperatm-e
of the surface of the pond was <>0^ F., and at a depth of
9 feet, 57°.

According to the report of the United States Fish Comnii>-
sion for the year ending June 30, 1903, several of our State
ponds were examined by Mr. Vinal X. Edwards of the Woods
Hole station, in November, 1902. Inasmuch as the data
gathered by Mr. Edwards supply the information we want, we
venture to compile from the published notes such facts as we
require. In doing this, it is proper to remark that the sur&ce
temperature of the ponds at the time they were examined by
Mr. Edwards was undoubtedly several degi'ees lower than it
would be in summer, but we apprehend that the 1)ottom tem-
perature had changed little, if any ; it probably remains sub-
stantially the same tlu*oughout the year.

Neck Pond, Barnstable : area, i)0 acres ; extreme depth,
35 feet; 24 feet deep at 100 feet from shore. Gravelly bot-
tom to depth of 2;') feet ; beyond that depth bottom sandy and
covered with grass, very thick in places. Little animal life in
grass. Caught yellow perch and minnows near shore in seine.
" Other fish found in deeper parts of the pond are brook trout,

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 121

black basS) several kinds of small fish and landlocked salmon.
. . . When fishing for a few minutes in the middle of the
pond with salt water shrimp, two sahnon were caught and two
others were brought to the surface; then, the shrimp being
expended and minnows being used, only large yellow perch
were caught. It is reported that every one who has fished for
perch with shrimp bait has taken some salmon." The tem-
peratures obtained November 10 were " 46^ F. at surface, 44^
at bottom."

Michaels Pond, Barnstable : area, 25 acres ; depth, 30 feet ;
temperature November 11, 53° F. at surface and bottom.
Shores gravelly, bottom hard, covered with grass ; no shade ;
water not so clear as in other ponds ; no outlets or inlets ; water
cannot be drawn off. Pond contains an abundance of yeUow
peroh, homed pout and minnows. Seven years ago 5,000
rainbow trout were planted, but none has since been seen.

Grigsons Pond, Barnstable : length, one and one-quarter
miles ; width, three-fourths to one mile ; half the pond is 80
feet deep, the deep water close to shore ; temperature Novem-
ber 10, 54° F. at surface, 52° F. at bottom ; summer tempera-
ture said to reach 70°. Little shade ; very clear ; sides gravelly
to depth of 30 feet, beyond that mostly hard bottom covered
with grass ; no outlets or inlets ; water cannot be drawn off.
Black bass, pickerel and yellow perch abundant ; a few brook
trout said to occur.

Mortality of Fish in Ponds. — Recently there has been much
complaint of mortality of fish in ponds, especially in late spring
and early sunmier. Press accounts have appeared of fish dying
in ponds, of dead fish floating on the surface of lakes or being
found in numbers along the shores of inland waters, where
they soon became a nuisance unless they were quickly disposed
of. Of course such mortality threatened large depletion of
fish life in the interior waters, and a consequent diminution
of the opportunities for sport or the obtainment of food.
Under the circumstances, it is not remarkable that many of
those interested in fishing, and naturally apprehensive of the
result of such an apparent epidemic, should appeal to the com-
mission for information as to the cause of the mortality, and
likewise for a remedy, if obtainable.

Keallzing the importance of the matter, both from an economic

122 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

and scientific point of view, measures were taken as promptly
as possible * to make in(|uiries regarding it. Dr. George W.
Field, then biologist of the commission, was sent to the west-
ern part of the State to examine into the cause of complaints
which had come from that direction. Much of the trouble had
then passed, but he was able to discover one supposed cause of
the fatality.

After careful and extended search, three fish were found in
Pontoosuc Lake still showing a slight e\adence of life, but
lying belly up on the bottom of the pond. Examination of
these showed a great number of larval cestode worms in the
body cavity, in the walls of the stomach and in the liver.
These worms appear to have been migrating from the stomach
into the tissues, and may have been in such numbers as to
cause the death of the fish in the same manner as the migration
of trichinae causes death in man in cases of trichinosis. There
is no danger to be feared from eating fish infested by these ces-
todes, since it is not probable that they would live and develop
in the human stomach and tissues.

It is possible that these parasitic worms may have been the
cause of much of the mortality last spring in Pontoosuc and
Onota lakes and Cheshire reservoir. These waters were ex-
amined by our biologist, who reported that the mortality was
not due to the use of dynamite, poison and pollution of the
water, or to spawning, but possibly to this cestode, about
which little or nothing is known, and least of all a remedy
for dealing with the difficulty.

It has been evident, however, that there is more than one
cause for the mortality %vhich has been so much in evidence,
last year and this, in ponds and rivers of this State. Lack of
reasonable supply of oxygen inr'the water has been one prolific
cause of death to fishes. Dr. Field referred to this in his
*« Preliminary report upon the cause of death of alewives in
Mystic River and the Lower Mystic Lake, during May and
June, 1908." These notes were published in our last report,

* No action could be taken to incur the expense incident to an investigation of
this matter until the money was available to pay for the outlays. Inasmuch, there-
fore, as the final appropriation was not made until the last day of the legislativ^e
session, — it became a law June 9, 1904, — it was not possible to investigate thia
question of fish mortality as early as otherwise would have been practicable.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 123

and the causes assigned for the conditions can be found
therein.

Meantinie, the attention of the commission has been invited
to another cause of mortality to fish life in our fresh waters,
viz., an excessive growth of certain forms of algte, their death
and decay, and consequent diminution of oxygen in the water.
It seems entirely reasonable that a superabundance of algal
matter may account in large part for much destruction of
fish life that would be scarcely explainable upon any other
hypothesis. Experiments of purifying water by the addition
of copper sulphate, carried on by Dr. Charles Harrington at
Massapoag Lake, Sharon, the results of which are now under
observation by the State Board of Health and by the biologist
of this commission, are as yet incomplete. The conclusions
may be discussed in a subsequent report.

Fv^hicays. — The amendment of section 9, chapter 91 of the
Sevised Laws, by chapter 365, Acts of 1904, was a long step
in advance for the preservation of our native fishes or intro-
duced species, the continued abundance of which depends upon
the establishment of fishways or fish ladders to enable the fish
to pass to the head waters of streams for the purpose of spawn-
insc. The law as it now stands on the statute books is as
follows : —

The commissioners may examine all dams upon rivers where the
law requires fishways to be maintained, or where in their judgment
fishways are needed, and they shall determine whether the fishways,
if any, are suitable and suflScient for the passage of the fish in such
rivers, or whether in their judgment a fishway is needed for the pas-
sage of fish over any dam ; and shall prescribe by an order in writing
what changes or repairs, if any, shall be made therein, and where,
how and when a new fishway must be built, and at what times the
same shall be kept open, and shall give notice to the owners of the
dams accordingly. The supreme judicial court, or the superior court,
shall, upon the petition of the commissioners, have jurisdiction in
equity or otherwise to enforce any order made in accordance with the
provisions of this section, and to restrain any violation of such order.

The hope was cherished that much might be accomplished
this year in the establishment of new fishways. The demands
in other directions, however, and the lack of funds to permit the

124 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

commissioners to travel as much as usual, combined to prevent
as much activity along this line as was hoped and expected.
No serious harm is expected to result from the delay, since,
>vith few exceptions, the most important points where fishwavs
are needed are on the rivers which have been stocked with
shad ; and, as the latter will not attain maturity and return to
the waters where they were planted until they are three or four
years old, it is anticipated there will be ample time to provide
means for them to reach the head waters of the streams when
the impulse of procreation compels them to seek the spawning
grounds in our rivers.

Necessary measures have been taken in other cases, either to
secure the building of a fishway or the repairing of others. In
one case it is feared the matter will have to be settled in the
courts.

Much needs to be done in the way of building fishways, but
there is reason for anticipating that the near future may see
satisfiekctory conditions, along this line that were not possible of
attainment until the revision of the law.

We have been urged to cause the construction of fishways
on the Neponset Biver, on the ground that action was to be
taken to purify the water of that stream. Without consider-
ing the question that much time may be required for the waters
of a stream so seriously polluted as the Neponset has been to
become anything like pure, even if the continuance of pollu-
tion is suspended, inquiry developed the fact that nothing ot
importance has yet been done to check the pollution of the
river. Under these circumstances, it naturally follows that
we will do nothing in the direction of causing fishways to be
built there. It would be reprehensible folly to compel the
erection of fishways in a stream in the waters of which a fish
cannot live.

In our last report reference was made to the unsatisfactory
location of the fishway at Lawrence. It now appears that
even the passage of lampreys is probably interfered with by
the sewer at the foot of the fishway.

Under date of July 18, 1904, Mr. Thomas S. Hohnes ^vrites:
" I was able to get only 70 lampreys this season, and I wanted
over 200 to supply the demand." Mr. Holmes is superintend-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 125

ent of the fishway, and has been for years. He has usually
collected more or less lampreys for laboratory purposes and for
investigations of scientific problems, having had our permission
to do this for the colleges and universities. Ordinarily he has
been able to easily collect all that were required. He makes
no conmient on his fiiilure to do so this year, but, while there
may have been other contributing causes that led to a scarcity,
the mere statement of fact reported by Mr. Holmes is appar-
ently sufficient evidence of the unwisdom of putting the foot
of a fishway in immediate juxtaposition to the outlet of a city
sewer.

I^reventton of Stream Pollution by Sawdust. — A serious
and determined effort has been made to complete this year
the work of prohibiting stream pollution, so &r as that can
be accomplished under section 8, chapter 91, Revised Laws.
The work done along this line in 1903 was felt to be practi-
cally the limit of accomplishment in this direction. It is
therefore occasion for gratification that it has been consider-
ably exceeded the current year, and in consequence has been
brought substantially to a termination. It is possible that
there may be a water-driven sawmill here and there which has
not been visited and the discharge of sawdust from it pro-
hibited, but it is certain such are rare, if existent. We believe
the evil is eradicated.

It is particularly gratifying that, of the large number of
owners of mills thus enjoined from the discharge of sawdust
into streams, a large majority have, we believe, found means
to dispose of the dust, either with a profit to themselves or at
least so that they suffer no loss by complying with the law.
Meantime, the fish-supporting potentiality of the streams is
materially enhanced, and an important natural resource of the
State is thus made an asset of increasing value.

Orders prohibiting the discharge of sawdust have been sent
to the following mill owners in 1904 : Theron Cole, Frederic
Ward and Perkins & Ward, North Carver; P. J. Holmes,
Car>-er; Washburn & Soule and Josiah Marshall, Middle-
borough; Wheeler Bros., Monroe; John Whitely and Joseph
Holden, Shirley ; David Shores, Pelham ; Dennis Oadwiok,
Shatesbury ; O. W. Brewer and H. D. & Frank Sisson, New

126 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Marlborough ; Philip Porter, Rochester ; Andrew Kemp, Peiv
perell ; G. A. Proctor, Townsend harbor ; the Noble Milling
Company, Springfield ; Charles Hyde, Southbridge ; Harry
Evans, Warwick ; John A. Carter, Petersham ; Frank A. Ger-
main, Charlton ; H. M. Parsons and C. N. Loud & Co., West-
hampton ; Thomas Welcome, Bemardston ; William E. R^ed,
Rowe, Franklin County ; Nathaniel K. Angus and Austin
Thompson, Halifax ; Daniel Ware, Ashby ; Nathaniel Cushing»
West Wareham ; Kenney & Morse, South Warehara.

Orders have been sent to mill owners as follows : 1900, to
15 ; 1901, to 24 ; 1902, to 24 ; 1903, to 27 ; and 1904, to 30.
The aggregate is 120, and, inasmuch as one order often applies
to more than one mill, it can readily be seen that the work
performed was not a small one, especially as the application of
this law (section 8, chapter 91, Revised Laws) involves visit-
ing many remote and out-of-the-way places, which can be
reached only by the expenditure of much effort.

In one or two cases the orders were temporarily suspended,
for good and sufficient reasons, but the limit of all such sus-
pensions has expired.

PoUution by Acids. — Complaints have come to us of the
pollution of ponds or streams by acids or other deleterious
substances discharged from manufactories, and earnest and
insistent appeals have been made for relief from such condi-
tions. While it is not diflScult to understand that there is
occasion for protests and appeals of this nature, it is well for
the public to understand that we have no authority to correct
the evils of which they complain . The State Board of Health
may be able to deal with such matters, if the conditions com-
plained of are deleterious to health or a menace thereto, but
we can do nothing.

Pond and Brook Fishing. — The reports which come to us
from various sources and from all parts of the State indicate
fishing conditions in this Commonwealth at the present time
superior to any that were deemed possible only a compawr
tively short time ago. For a State so thickly populated
as Massachusetts, and one in which the pollution of interior
waters is now only partially stopped, — prevented only so far
as sawdust is concerned, — there is satisfaction at least in feel-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 127

ing that the efforts of the commission have produced results
which might be creditable in a region less thickly settled and
whose manufacturing was less extensively prosecuted. We
have knowledge, through the press or otherwise, of catches of
fish, especially of brook trout, that would have been satisfac-
tory in New Hampshire, Maine or Vermont. The late chair-
man knew of a catch of upwards of 30 brook trout, one of
which weighed 2| pounds, all taken in a brief time from a
brook in the central part of the State, and he personally par-
ticipated in tbe pleasure of eating some of them.

Extracts from the press, reports of deputies, etc., on file at
the office, convey a rather comprehensive idea of fishing con-
ditions in various sections of the State, and indicate very satis-
&ctory and progressive improvement.

Birds and Mammals.

Game Birds. — It is the opinion of ornithologists that only
by very special efforts can the supply of quail in Massachusetts
be maintained, on account of climatic conditions. It is the
desire of this commission to co-operate to the fullest possible
extent with the several game protective associations of the
State and with individuals in all attempts which promise to
increase the numbers of game birds and animals. These efforts
should be directed towards : —

1. The naturalization of quail about farm buildings, where
they can be most readily cared for during inclement weather.

2. The reservation of suitable covers. It often happens
that the desire to ' * clean up " farms, with the attendant cut-
ting of hedge rows and underbrush, is most prejudicial to
quail. To the writer's personal knowledge the cutting of the
underbrush on one tract of not over two acres was responsible
during one summer for the destruction of the eggs in three
quails' nests, and the killing of two of these quails by the
family cat.

3. The reservation of clumps of bayberrjs sumac, *' black
alder" (Ilex verticellata) , red cedar, and other bushes bearing
fruit which persists during the winter and is not likely to be
buried by the snow.

4. The reservation of crowded bunches of cedars, pines, hem-

128 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

locks and other evergreen trees, as covers where birds may
find shelter from heavy snows.

5. Care in avoiding the starting of forest fires. Many fires
are undoubtedly to be traced to the carelessness of hunters.

It is a pleasure to know from personal contact that many
true sportsmen have abstained from shooting quail during the
hunting season just passed. A closed season on both quail and
ruffed grouse for a term of several years would make for the
advantage of the birds, and thus benefit the fiumer and the
sportsman, unless artificial propagation can be established in
several sections on an adequate scale.

In the belief that it is of great importance to save the few
quail which remain after the severe winter of 1903—04 and the
heavy snowfall of December, 1904, the commission issued the
following circular letter to its paid deputies : —

Boston, Masb., Dec. S7. 1901.

Dear Sir : — Permit me to call your attention to the importance of
using every effort to bring through the winter as many qaail as poB-
sible.

It is within the duties of the paid deputies of this commission to
engage actively In this problem, whenever and wherever it does not
interfere with special detail work.

You are, therefore, hereby directed and empowered to purchase
cracked corn, barley, wheat, barn chaff or available grains, when in
your judgment conditions warrant, and distribute this in the oorers.
Shovel away snow where necessary. When possible, make the dis-
tributions daily in reasonable quantities, say a quart or two scattered,
and so disposed as to be of value to quail, rather than to mice, squirrels,
crows and jays. This gives an opportunity for individual thought,
ingenuity and judgment.

Make careful observations upon the number of quail seen, the num-
ber of tracks of quail, partridge, fox and skunk which have visited
the feeding place or immediate vicinity.

Include in your daily narrative reports the record of these obser-
vations.

Yours very truly, George W. Field.

In general, the purchase of grain is limited to one bushel,
and is only to be distributed when the snow or ice renders
the food supply precarious. In response to personal requests,
notices have been sent to several unpaid deputies, requesting

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 129

them to look after certain definitely located flocks of quail, and
provide suitable food when in their judgment it seemed advis-
able.

The notable work of the fish and game protective associations
deserves the interest and support of all loyal citizens. With-
out the activity of these associations, supplemented by many
public-spirited citizens, in purchasing and liberating quail, this
bird, which is well-nigh the most beneficial feathered friend to
the farmer, might have long ago disappeared from within our
State. With the alarming decrease in the number of quail in
the States south and west of us, and the continued adoption of
laws prohibiting the transportation of game beyond the borders
of these States, the opportunities to purchase live birds are
becoming limited. To many it is evident that the necessity
of propagating our own supply of quail is even now -upon us.
Under suitable conditions, the birds can be propagated in
Massachusetts at less cost than is involved in the purchase and
transportation of live birds from other States.

As indicative of the great value of the work done by the
game protective associations, we print the following letter from
the Massachusetts Association : —

Mabbachusetts Fi8h and Qamb Pbotegtivb Association,
216 Wabhinoton Strkbt, Bobton, Feb. 7, 1906.

Dr. George W. Field, Chairman^ Massachusetts Fish and Game Commis-

sian, Slate House^ Boston, Mass,

Dear Sir : — lo response to your request for a statement regard-
ing the work of acclimatization performed in 1904 by the Massachu-
setts Fish and Game Protective Association, I beg to say that 183
dozen live quail were purchased by this organization, at an expense
of $3,000, and were liberated in fifty different localities.

Generous contributions for this purpose were received from many
public-spirited citizens, as well as from several sportsmen's clabs in
different sections of the State. Reports received from persons who
liberated the birds, and which were rendered in the autumn, furnish
conclusive evidence that in the great majority of the consignments
the birds bred and thrived surprisingly well. In two or three cases
the quail were not found after their release, which, to my mind, indi-
cates that they either fell a prey to natural enemies, or flew away to
other localities — probably not many miles — in search of food.
Respectfully yours, Henrt H. Kimball,

Secfetary,

130 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Appearances . indicate that conditions have been favorable to
the increase of ruffed grouse during the past year. No actual
data are available as to number of ruffed grouse, quail and
woodcock killed in the State each year. Such data, if obtain-
able, would be of great value in determining the eflBciency
of certain laws, e.g'., the ** no-sale'* law, closed seasons, etc.
There are obvious difficulties in securing correct voluntary
reports from individuals, but by co-operation of gunners and
other interested persons with the deputies of^this commission
and with various organizations much information of value
which might approximate to a census of our game bird popu-
lation might be furnished. Some information of this nature
has been obtained in certain States; e.g.y in Pennsylvania
10,000 ruffed grouse were killed in 1903 and in 1904 13,000
on a territory but twenty miles in diameter.

In the absence of any exact figures upon which even tenta-
tive computations can be made, the majority of the written
and verbal opinions which have come to us indicate a consid-
erable increase in the numl)er of ruffed grouse, but a smaller
number of woodcock, upland plover, Carolina doves and wood
ducks. Our annual report of 1903, pages 148-159, refers to
the presence of the wild pigeon in Massachusetts. The species
was probably the Carolina dove, and not the passenger pigeon.
The passenger pigeon has not been reported in the State since
1889, while our other native species of wild pigeon, the
Carolina dove, is rapidly becoming rare in the State, and is
well worthy of notice and protection.

•Next to the ignorant immigrant, the most important factor
in decimating the young game birds and the native insectivo-
rous birds is the cat, which outside of cities exists in large
numbers in the woods, and lives to a very considerable degree
independent of human bounty. Any legislation tending to
diminish the number of such cats should be looked upon with
favor by thoughtful people.

In June, 1904, the biologist of this commission called the
attention of the late chairman to the desirability of a first-hand
knowledge of the effect upon game of the increasing nunil)er
of foxes in the State. In addition to the efforts which have
been made by the commission, individuals, and particularly the

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 131

Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective Association, have taken
an active interest in the matter, and are now collecting testimony
and information which should be of great value when it becomes
necessary to decide the question of a State bounty on foxes.

Meantime, this commission will identify and record the con-
tents of the stomachs of wild foxes. Thpse stomachs may be
sent to us at our expense. The purpose is to determine the
economic value of the fox, by ascertaining the proportion of
poultry, game birds, rabbits, mice and other animals in the
natural daily food.

Information is also desired upon the destruction of the
young of game and other birds (including poultry) by crows.

Especial eflTorts should be extended to the wood duck and the
upland plover. The posting and guarding of breeding places
is especially desirable.

Breeding Game Birds and Mammals.

The ruflTed grouse is the chief natural game bird of Massa-
chusetts, and as such is worthy of more careful attention.
The accompanying photographs, taken by Prof. C. F. Hodge
of Clark University, Worcester, from birds reared in cap-
tivity from the egg, prove that the ruffed grouse may not
be so unapproachable as our common experience indicates.
The efforts of Dr. Hodge prove that this grouse can be domes-
ticated, and the young reared in captivity in larger proportions
than is usual under natural conditions. At present, however,
such attempts should be limited to persons who have special
interest and natural aptitude for such work. The most satis-
factory starting point is the eggs, rather than the adults.

The following report was sent to our late chairman by Pro-
fessor Hodge, detailing the results of his experiments in 1904
with ruffed grouse under domestication : —

WORCESTEB, Mass., Not. 25, 1904.

Mr. Joseph W. Coluns, Chairman^ MassachtMetts Commissioners on

Fisheries and Game, 8kUe House, Boston, Mass.

Dear Sir: — The permit from the Department of Fisheries and
Game allowed me to take twelve eggs of the ruffed grouse for pur-
poses of experiment. Five eggs were obtained May 28 and seven
Jane 1, from nests not less than sixty miles apart, being taken from

132 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

two nests, in order to avoid the possibility of close interbreeding in
case the birds reach maturity. The eggs were carried in the crown
of a felt hat, between a thick pad of cotton batting and the head,—
the first lot from 9 in the morning until nearly 6 in the evening,—
and all hatched in apparently perfect condition, proving this to bean
excellent method of transporting incubated eggs.

Cochin bantam hens were obtained by the kindness of Mr. Merrill
from the Sutton hatcheries, and they brought out the respective broods
May 80 and June 6. Food was supplied, but little was taken doring
the first day, and the chicks were left undisturbed in the nest At
the end of this time they were removed to warm nest boxes, placed
within boxed yards covered with netting, which gave the chicks
access to grass.

The weather was stormy and very cold, and despite every precan*
tion against exposure a number of the chicks were taken sick, ap-
parently with colds or pneumonia, and five died within the first ten
days. One was killed in the nest the first day. Subsequently, two
were snagged by cats which reached through the inch-mesh wire of
their enclosure, and died in consequence of their wounds. This leaveB
four of the original stock, and at present writing they are as fine,
vigorous birds as one could find in the covers.

About the first of October two wild birds which had flown againat
windows in the city were added to the flock. These, under the intia-
ence of the others, rapidly became practically as tame as they, and we
thus have a stock of six healthy birds, from probably four different
broods.

My plan of feeding has been to give the birds the greatest possible
variety, — as much as practicable like the foods they would be likely
to find in the woods, — and to study and note their preferences.
The feeding can probably be simplified when we discover the staples
and essentials. At first the chicks were given ripe blowfly maggots
and pheasants' custard.* They were able to pick up the maggots
from the second day on, and these remained the staple diet until well
into August. The custard was plastered on rough boards placed on
edge in the pens, since the chicks seemed to prefer to reach up for it.
After the first three weeks, however, it could be placed in trays on
the ground, and they continued to feed upon it as a staple diet until
about the middle of September ; after that its place was taken by
live grasshoppers.

Along with the foods above mentioned, I gave, especially daring
the first weeks, great abundance and variety of small insects : plant

* I am again indebted to Mr. Merrill for supplies of maggots, and also for direc-
tions in regard to making pheasants' custard, viz.: to one pint of fresh milk add
four fresh eggs, and beat ; then steam or bake until solid.

RUfFED GROUSE ONE OAV OLD.

RUFFED GROUSE — THREE DAVS OLD.

RUFFED GROUSE — SEVEN DAYS OLD
Photographs from life by C. F. Hodge,

/..-•.

RUFFED GROUSE FOUR MONTHS OLD.
Photograph from life by C. F, Hod^e, October 3, 1904.

m
f

RUFFED GROUSE,
specimen, captured September 25. '
phatOE''Bp^ed November 2, 1904.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 133

lice, thrips and rose slugs, spiders^ '* ants' eggs," mosqaitoes and
mosqaito ** wrigglers/' small earthworms, flies and gnats ; also small
grasshoppers and moths, obtained by sweeping the grass and bushes
with an insect net. The chicks were also given their freedom, — the
free run of the lawn and garden as much as possible.

From the first day I kept the pens supplied with fresh chickweed,
and the chicks began eating it on the second or third day. They also
ate dandelion seeds, and were fond of the green heads of June grass.
All kinds of fruits were offered them, and none of the native and com-
mon garden fruits was declined (with the exception of pears and
peaches, which were scarcely more than tasted), from strawberries in
June to apples in October. Raspberries, blackberries and mulberries
were eagerly eaten, and blueberries and huckleberries formed a staple
food during their seasons. Thorn apples, barberries and black alder
berries were not refused, but were not taken in large quantities.
Grapes of all kinds were greatly relished, especially Delawares.
Chokecberries and especially black cherries were eaten in great
quantities.

Although liberally supplied with green cabbage and fresh chickweed
and generally lettuce, all of which the young birds ate daily, they
also took quantities of all sorts of leaves (except grape, snowball,
artichoke and Eosa mgosa) of the trees and other plants which grew
in their enclosures : hawthorn, cherry, black cherry, apple, hackberry,
chestnut, plantain, rhubarb, yellow dock, ozalis, all kinds of clovers
and many others. Early in September they began to develop procliv-
ities for budding, and were often seen nipping' and tugging at small
twigs. They ate chestnuts and acorns eagerly through October and
up to the present.

The first moult occurred chiefly in August, and the adult feathers
appeared in September, along with '* snowshoes " and leggins. Soon
after attaining their fall plumage they began to strut, after the fashion
of the turkey gobbler. The tail is spread, the wings are dragged on
the ground and the ruff is thrown out around the head, and a great
deal of bowing, shaking the ruff and hissing is indulged in. The
male and female of the ruffed grouse are not distinguished by any
marked differences in plumage. I supposed at first that strutting
was definite indication of male sex, but doubt if this is the case with
young birds. With turkeys the young of both sexes strut. At any
rate, all the birds that I have reared from the egg have strutted more
or less, and still, from their size and other characteristics of head and
neck, I am inclined to think that three of them are females. Neither
of the wild birds have shown any signs of strutting, although apparently
perfectly at home witb the others.

As far as domesticability is concerned, our ruffed grouse are tamer

134 FISH AND GAME. [Deo.

than most barnyard fowls. They have not evinced instincts of fear
at any time to any remarkable degree. They feed readily from the
hand, and will hop npon the knee — even the wild ones — to dose.
They have not drammed as yet, but it is to be hoped they will in the
spring. The outlook is good for nests and broods next season, if
present health and vigor of the birds can be taken as any indication
of future possibilities.

C. F. Hodge.

Winchester. — The breeding and rearing of game birds and
animals were carried on at this station as usual, although the
results were unfavorably influenced by conditions beyond our
control. Everything practicable was done to secure a record
output ; Commissioner Brackett gave his almost undivided at-
tention to the supervision of the work ; but human skill and
care were not suflScient to successfully overcome such natural
and artificial obstacles as were encountered. ConcerniDg
these, more detailed mention will appear under the following
heads.

Pheasants. — The long-continued cold of last winter affected
the vitality of the pheasant eggs. There was also a falling off
in the number of eggs, there being upward of 700 less than
the previous year. Similar results were also apparent in the
breeding potentialities of common domestic fowl.

The early young pheasants were unusually weak, and many
of them died ; but as the season advanced, and green food
could be supplied to the breeding birds, this condition disap-
peared, and the latter part of the season the results were
better.

As the age of the breeding birds and the deterioration con-
sequent upon close confinement may have had some effect in
producing the results of the past season, it may be desirable
to turn out a part of the old birds each year, as, by giving
them their freedom, change of food, etc., they will quickly
recuperate.

The disease introduced by the foreign birds two years ago
has been cheeked, appearing in only one locality this year,
and in a mild form ; we lost only a few birds from it. Every
effort has been made to eradicate it; among the remedial
measures taken has been repeated treatment of the ground
with heavy dressings of air-slaked lime, well spaded in.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 135

An unasuai occurrence took place during the past year.
Apparently all the rats in the neighborhood combined in an
attack on the birds and rabbits. They swarmed in the barn,
pheasant coops and stone walls ; it was a veritable pestilence
of rats. Every available means, such as guns, traps and
strychnine, were employed to get rid of the rodents. Between
200 and 300 were shot or trapped. The number destroyed by
IK>ison is unknown. Some were remarkably large ; one meas-
ured 17 inches from nose to tip of tail. He did not hesitate
to attack a full-grown bantam hen.

The blasting at the adjacent quarry was unusually heavy,
rendering the incubators useless. The effect .on the eggs
under hens was partially overcome by making deep nests of
straw, which more or less broke the sudden jar.

The pair of birds which are a cross between the Mongolian
and golden pheasant hatched late last year, and moulted while
the other birds were breeding, which may account for their not
showing any inclination to breed this year. They are remark-
able for their beauty of foi*m and color, and they excel in
these particulars any variety of pheasants bred for game we
have seen. Six more young birds have been added this year,
— 4 males and 2 females. It is believed they will unite the
hardihood of the ring-necked pheasant with a combination of
the rich plumage of the ring-necked and golden pheasant, — a
wonderful blending of beauty. If it is found that this cross
will breed, a new game bird will have been added to our farms.
Of Mongolian pheasants there have been 208 distributed from
this station this year (to November 1) ; 136 young, 69 old
and 8 of the cross are now on hand, housed for the winter.

Commissioner Brackett thinks the work at Winchester has
1)een more or less handicapped because the hares and pheasants
were in the same enclosure.

Behjian Hares, — The rabbits grown old in captivity became
less j)rolific, and the stock is gradually being changed to younger
and more virile individuals. Under conditions even more severe
than they would be subject to in their wild state, they renlain per-
fectly healthy and vigorous. There is, probably, no other strain
of what is known as the Bela:ian hare that will successful! v with-
stand such extreme exposure. This has been accomplished by
careful selection and breeding. The ** hundred-dollar prize

136 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Belgian hare " presented to the commission has been exposed
to the same conditions as the others , and, with the exception of
a slight attack of snuffles, has so far remained healthy. She is
a beautiful animal, and if she breeds it is hoped that the increase
may be used to improve the present stock, and thus secure a
more perfect type of the Belgian.

One hundred and forty rabbits, were distributed previous to
November 1 , leaving 34 for breeders and also 20 young ones.

Sutton. — The following is the report of the superintend-
ent of the Sutton hatchery, detailing the results of breeding
pheasants and Belgian hares for distribution : —

WiLKnr80irYii.LE, Mass., Dec. 12, 1904.
Commissioners on Fisheries and Oame^ State House^ Boston^ Mass,

Gentlemen: — The brood stock of pheasants was increased this
season to 48, — 8 cocks and 88 hens ; but was reduced before the
breeding season was over by the loss of 8 hens, 4 dying and 4 escap-
ing by breaking throagb the lath tops of the older pens.

The average number of eggs per bird was about the same as last
year, — about 30; but the total was much larger, — 1,227. On two
occasions when the pheasants in certain pens had ceased laying they
were moved to new quarters, and as a result these began laying again.
One pen of 7 birds had laid 131 eggs and seemed to have completed
their litters, when they were moved to the largest of the winter pens*
which had an abundant growth of green food ; they resumed laying)
and during the balance of the season laid 174 eggs. Another pen of
5 birds that had entirely ceased laying were given the run of three pens,
and laid 60 eggs additional. The pens ordinarily used for breeding
pens are too small to give the best results. The hatching and rear-
ing gave less satisfactory results than usual, due to uncertain causes,
but in part to less fertile eggs, and in the case of rearing to cold, wet
weather. Several lots were wholly lost, and of the birds reared one-
half came from one lot that was favored by exceptionally fine weather.
The necessity of meeting the conditions imposed by the unfavorable
weather led to much experimental work on the coops and runs and in
the care of the birds, and many improvements were devised, some of
permanent value.

It was found to be of considerable advantage to darken the coops
in chilly weather, and it was so arranged that this could be done ;
also to confine the hens in semi-darkness, while the chicks could ran
into the yard. This close confinement, besides inducing the hen to
hover the chicks more, checked much of the loss from too vigorous
scratching on the part of the hen.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 137

Of the other improvements, the most important was the construc-
tion of yards that woald hold the yoang when quite small, and keep
them under conditions for rapid, healthy growth. These were made
possible by a large amount of fish netting sent to the hatchery, which
was used to cover low enclosures of fine mesh wire, two to three feet
high being found to be high enough ior the sides, and this was secured
by using wire two feet wide, with a board at the bottom. The top
netting was stretched tent like, supported by poles and ropes, and
tall bushes in the enclosure were covered without cutting. The
chicks, when past the tender age, grew more vigorously than any
season heretofore ; and the only fatality that was plainly unavoidable
occurred in August, when 28 were found dead or sick in various de-
grees of helplessness from a malady never before experienced ; 5
recovered and 18 died.

Twice rats attacked the pheasants, and killed 24. Rats have
always been abundant here, but this year they increased to an un-
nsaal extent, and did much damage in various ways. Nearly 100
were shot or trapped ; but poison was not effective, owing, doubtless,
to the amount of food available for them. Whenever their holes
could be reached, bisulphide of carbon proved very deadly, and all
that lived under the hen houses with cemented floors were killed ; bt)t
the larger number living under the barn, hatchery and meat house
could not be reached. Bisulphide of carbon was also used success-
fully in redacing the number of skunks about the place, and as soon
as all other holes can be located these animals will be practically
exterminated in this vicinity. Other vermin, except snakes, was
perhaps less destructive than usual, because the chicks were better
protected in the new pens.

It is probable that no snakes visited the pens when the birds were
small, as none were seen then. Later, when the birds were grown, 5
large black snakes, 48 to 57 inches in length, were killed in and about
the pens. Crows and cats gave no trouble after the birds were put
under the netting, but it is possible that the latter may learn to tear
through when the netting gets old. The improvements recommended
last year that have not been made are now still more urgently needed.
A make-shift cook house was extemporized from spare lumber, but it
was not very convenient or satisfactory, and the work done in it must
be lai^ely increased another year. The proposed basement under the
bam is no longer a project for the future, but is needed for present
use, especially for storage of the rapidly increasing equipment used
for hares and pheasants, and for the accommodation of such in-
cubators and brooders as must soon be adopted. Better houses and
more yards should be provided for the hens that are kept for rearing
the pheasants. During the present season the proceeds of the sale

138 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

of bens' eggs and poultry have supplied all the grain used for feeding
the hares and pheasants, as well as their own grain, and in addition
have provided other supplies, the whole amounting to nearly $200.
It would be easily possible to do much better than this with a moderate
expenditure for better quarters.

Early in May B dozen western quail were received for breeding and
experimental purposes. They came in good condition, but without
notice ; and, as no preparations had been made to receive them, tbey
were put into an empty pheasant pen until suitable quarters could be
provided for them. The non-arrival of material resulted in a long
delay in making the pens, and before these were ready the birds bad
weakened and many died, all of the lot eventually dying, except sev-
eral that were separated soon after they were received. These were
put in the large pheasant pens, in hopes that they could be left there;
but the mesh was not small enough to hold them, and they escaped.
Most of these were later recaptured and returned to the large lot. It
is believed that at least one pair bred near the hatchery, as they were
seen during the summer, and later a flock of young was discovered.
One female quail escaped from the large pheasant pen, but entered an
adjoining pen and lived there all summer with the pheasants. At one
time it left the pen, which it could easily do, but returned, seeming to
prefer living with the pheasants. It was found in September dragged
into a rat hole, evidently having been killed by the rats. There is no
reason to think that it died from any natural cause, or was sick when
the rats captured it, for it was as active as any wild bird, and seemed
as healthy and strong as the pheasants with which it lived. The only
thing proved by the experience with this lot of birds is that they can-
not be closely confined or left in large numbers. It was the aim in
building pens to separate them into small lots, no more than a pair in
some pens, and in building pens to enclose brush-covered grounds,
where they could find good cover. The pens were constructed, bat
the loss of the birds nearly as soon as they were finished gave no
opportunity to test them. The experience with the bird that lived
with the pheasants under conditions similar to those proposed for
the others makes it evident that some good results might have been
achieved if the pens could have been ready for the birds as soon as
they arrived.

Bearing Belgian Hares. — This was the first season that Belgian
hares were bred at this station. The work was attempted on a small
scale, more to acquire a stock of breeders and practical experience
than to breed for distribution. It is, however, probable that a large
distribution can be made another season, as a well-selected stock of
breeders is on hand, and the location is suitable for the work. Sixty-
two were liberated (including 10 in the woods near the hatchery), and

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 139

20 were reserved for breeders. The stock was improved by a back
and 2 does presented by Deputy Shea. The progeny of these will
form a large part of the brood stock for another season. Most of ^
the hares were wintered in a large yard and lived in two barrows,
which they excavated after a start was made for them by putting a^^r
piece of tile pipe through the frozen ground. A number were keptf
in a small run, but allowed to make a burrow after a start was made
in the same way. One of the burrows was traced in the spring for
aboat thirty feet and to a depth of over ten feet. Eight hares lived
in the large yard and bred there in the spring. No evidence appeared
that the young were interfered with in any way. When the frost left
the gronnd they made no attempt to escape by burrowing under the
fence, although no precautions were taken against this. During the
summer the hares were bred in small runs, but the results were not
altogether satisfactory, as at times they seemed to breed very slowly,,
and several litters were lost through causes that seemed due to the
restricted quarters. There is a decided lack of economy in the use
of the small pens. There is a greater waste of food, much coarse
food that would be available in a run or warren cannot be utilized,
and the labor in caring for them is vastly increased. It is not certain
that ther^ is any good reason for using the small pens here. In many
trials keeping the buck and the doe together did not result in the loss of
any young killed by the buck ; and it ought to be possible to devise
a yard where a colony of 6 to 10 will live and breed together, thus
effecting a saving in the food used and labor in caring for them, with
probably better results from more rapid breeding and more vigorous
stock. It may be suggested that the close confinement of the hares
in the pens in use will not produce the best stock for taking care of
Itself when set at liberty. Stock bred in large yards should be more
vigorous, and if in yards where it could be made to subsist partly on
brush and other growth in the enclosure, it ought to be in better con-
dition to take care of itself when liberated. For the ensuing winter
the hares have been divided into several lots, some allowed to make
barrows and some in the ordinary boxes with a protection of leaves ;
bat the greater number have been placed in a yard containing large
piles of brush and leaves, under which it is expected that they will
borrow and live. One pile is of great size, and has accumulated for
several years from hard- wood brush cut in leaf when clearing land.
Burrows are furnished as well as the regular breeding boxes, in order^
to provide for any failure to use the brush heaps.

A very limited amount of supplies has been purchased for the
hares ; the grain used has been paid for by the hens kept for hatch-
ing pheasants. Other food has been produced on the grounds.
Clover was grown in considerable quantities, lawn clippings were

140 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

saved, and hay was cat and used when half grown, thus secarlngthe
proper fineness ; leaves were raked in large qaantities in the fall and

« fed through the winter. The hares eat these as freely as any food
offered them. Daring the summer large quantities of sprouts and

\ leafy twigs were cut and cured. All kinds of roots suitable for
feeding and many forage plants were grown, and an ample supply
for winter and summer produced ; carrots and sugar beets, mainly
for winter, and nearly all the common forage plants for sammer.
Rape and corn were found to be the most satisfactory for summer
use, and will be grown largely in the future ; but practically every-
thing grown in a garden can be utilized, and it is possible that the
hares thrive and breed better with a suitable variety of food.
Respectfully submitted, Arthur Merrill,

Superintendent Sutton SUUion.

It is hoped that the commission may soon undertake ac-
tively, even if on a limited scale, the propjigation of the two
chief game birds of Massachusetts, — the ruffed grouse and
quail; thus 'in time it may be no longer necessary to depend
upon a precarious source of supply in other States, — a sup-
ply becoming annually smaller and more expensive. There is
no reason to doubt that birds can be reared in Massachusetts
sufficient to stock our covers at less expense than they c<*in be
purchased and brought here from other States. As a general
biological principle, the greater attention should be given to
the maintenance, by artificial propagation and protection, of
our native game birds, e.<7., the ruffed grouse, quail, wood-
cock, upland plover, wild pigeons and wood duck, all of which
are suffering, some to the very verge of extinction, from over-
huntinff and other unfavorable conditions. Suggrestions have

C DO

come to us that the commission should undertake the propaga-
tion and distribution of certain European game birds, e.g., the
capercailzie, black cock, European quail, red-legged partridge,
etc. ; but the writer believes that attention should first be de-
voted to our native game birds, which are beyond a doui)t
adapted to our covers and to our methods of hunting. If it
seems advisable to introduce other game birds, might not the
prairie chicken (the pinnated grouse) prove most suitable to
our more open sections, particularly in the farming sections of
the State? It is the opinion of many ornithologists that in
the past the pinnated grouse inhabited southern Xew England,

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 141

InteUic;ent fostering and feeding are likely to make this region
again a suitable environment for this noble game bird. Or-
ganized attempts to rear the pinnated grouse in captivity
should be welcomed by the people of Massachusetts.

The Fish and Game Laws and their Enforcement.

In spite of the fact that many complaints of the non-enforce-
ment of the game laws have reached this office, either directly
or indirectly, there is abundant evidence that commendable
results have been obtained by our deputies. It is not the pur-
pose of the commission to make merely a record number of
arrests, convictions, or fines imposed. The attempt is made to
enforce the laws without prejudice or spite ; to deal sharply
with wilful law-breakers, leniently with ignorance and uninten-
tional violations, and squarely with all. The deputy should be'
in a large measure an educator ; he should impart a knowledge
of game and woodcraft ; he should carry the spirit of justice
and the breadth of view which contact with nature furnishes,
and he should not descend to petty considerations. To the
habitual violator of the game laws he should be an implacable
and untiring enemy, with whom no compromise is possible.
More than ever before this ideal has been before us, but we
hope to make still more substantial advances.

There are large areas of the State where the deputies can
rarely penetrate. With the gradual increase in the number of
deputies and the improved transportation facilities, these con-
ditions are constantly improving. Even the occasional appear-
ance of* a deputy in a section has a restraining influence on
would-be violators.

The increased number of sportsman's clubs is of advantage
to the State ; they can do much to mould public sentiment in
their neighborhood, and by example and precept make for
greater respect for law and the rights of the various classes of
the community. These clubs not only do much to actually
provide game for the covers, but they inculcate an intelligent
int^erest in the fish and game problems of the State.

Of the new laws, the right-of-search law has, on a year's
trial, proved its value. However, the anomalous condition
still obtains that the satisfactory enforcement of fish and game

142 FISH AXD GAME. [Dec.

laws is demanded, when the officer has no right to require a
person, whose pockets, game bag or creel may be full of illegally
taken game, to show whatever game he may have on his person.
Such a condition puts a premium upon "spotter" methods,
and is to be deplored.

The present paid force consists of fourteen deputies, located
at the following places : North Adams, Ware, Spencer, Palmer,
Ayer, Franklin, Gloucester, Lynn, West Quincy, Hyde Park,
North Cambridge, East Boston, South Boston and Harwich.

Experience has shown that the most satisfactory method of
enforcing the fish and game laws is by a number of young, active
men, having a special knowledge of fish and game, in addition
to some detective and executive abilities, — a body interested
in the special objects and duties of the commission, in addition
•to responsibilities as police and detectives. The State, rather
than the county, city or town, is the unit. Any deputy may
be sent to any part of the State, and the deputies are so located
that at least two men can be present in any part of the State at
short notice. Thus each particular section gets the benefit of
the entire force when necessary, in addition to the local force
of police and constables which may be called upon to co-operate
with the deputies.

There is need of two additional paid deputies in the western
half of the State, one located at Springfield and the other at
Pittsfield, and the necessary provisions for these should be
made this year. The methods of selecting paid deputies by
competitive examinations should be continued. It has been
proven that the special knowledge of fish, game and df locali-
ties adapted for the various species, together with a personal
acquaintance among the class of people most interested, make
the deputies the most efficient agents in the distribution of the
fry, fingerlings and game birds and animals which comes within
the scope of the work of this commission; The work of en-
forcement of laws and the stocking is done at far less expense
to the State, and with a greater degree of efficiency both as to
actual distribution and the subsequent observations of the re-
sults of the stocking, when carried on by the same force. Our
deputies are, therefore, able to give attention to several duties
on the same trip : the distribution of live fish or game ; gath-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 143

ering statistics or information on subjects pertinent to the
work, which are made subject to special reports, or are incor-
porated in the daily narrative reports filed weekly at the office.
At all times, on whatever duties, they are on the watch for
offenders. In cases of unwitting violators the culprit is usu-
ally given advice and warning ; in general, only flagrant cases
are placed under aiTcst. The best results are to be expected
when the officers who enforce the laws are in close contact
with the commission which is placed in charge of the fisheries
and game of this Commonwealth. In any event, if the laws
are not enforced the responsibility therefor is readily fixed.

The number of instances where sawdust is discharged into
the State waters, to the injury of the fish, is happily dimin-
ishing, as a result of the activity of our late chairman. Cap-
tain Collins, and the deputies under his direction.

On September 6 he in person visited TarbelPs sawmill,
near Massapoag Pond, at East Groton. Complaint had
reached the commission that proper care was not being ex-
erpised at this mill to prevent the discharge of sawdust into
the stream. Earnest promises were made, however, that
everything practicable would be done to insure proper condi-
tions, so that no sawdust should get into the stream hereafter.

Also, on September 7 he visited the so-called Shaker saw-
mill at Ayer, and found there was sufficient opportunity to
blow out the sawdust made or to cany it away by building a
small bridge of such waste material as the saw mill would pro-
dace, and also making a pen under the mill.

On the same date the two mills of Andrew Kemp, in Pep-
perell, were visited, where it was seen that there was an excel-
lent opportunity to blow out the dust or to haul it out on
carts, as the owner might prefer.

Satisfactory arrangements were made in the above cases.

The following towns have accepted the provisions of section
68, chapter 91 of the Revised Laws : Cohasset, Charlton, Dud-
ley, East Bridgewater, Freetown, Groton, Harvard, Holden,
Liynnfield, Lakeville, Millbury, Pembroke, Peabody, Shrews*
bury. Way land, Wakefield, Webster and Westhampton.

In some cases where the deputies enforced this law the in-
habitants found an unexpected state of affairs ; as in the case

144 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

of Assowompsett Lake, that part within the town of Lakeville
could be fished only with one line, held in the hand (according
to section 68) ; but in the portion of the lake within the limits
of Middleborough ten hooks could be used, according to chap-
ter 308, Acts of 1904. These conditions depended upon tlie
fact that Lakeville accepted section 68, while Middleborough
did not. This state of affairs has led to considerable local
friction and uncei*tainty among the people as to their rights.
The commission has advised in many cases, and where ix)s-
sible has shown leniency to those who showed no disposition
to intentionally violate the laws.

With the rapid increase in the number of deer, there has
been a multiplication in the arrests in connection with the kill-
ing of deer, and the ownership or possession of dogs which
chase deer with the knowledge and consent of their owner.
There is at present a conflict of interests betw^een the owners
of fox hounds, on the one hand, and those interested in deer
and game birds. It is desirable that dogs which are inclined
to run deer should not be permitted to run at large. It is also
proper that fox hunters should not be hampered in their sport,
or their dogs become liable to be killed by irresponsible parties.
There is abroad a misconception in regard to the killing o( a
dog found chasing a deer. A careful reading of chapter 92,
section 18, Revised Laws, as amended by Acts of 1902, chapter
154, indicates that the dog should not be killed unless he is
used for hunting deer with the knowledge and consent of the
owner. It is difficult, in most cases impossible, to prove the
•'knowledge and consent;" yet, as has sometimes happened,
irresponsible persons have killed dogs found chasing deer. This
may cause hardship to owners of valuable fox hounds, though
intended to deal chiefly with such owners and dogs as habit-
ually break the laws.

The deputies of this commission have been instructed to kill
no dog (under the above laws) without the consent of the
owner.

Upwards of 50 specific instances have been investigated dur-
ing 1904 where dogs had chased deer, and in at least 12 cases
it resulted in the death of the deer. With the rapid increaj^e
of deer such instances are likely to be multiplied. A few fines
of $20, in accordance with chapter 92, section 18, Revised

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 145

Laws, as amended by chapter 154, Acts of 1902, would tend to
awaken certain dog owners to a proper sense of their respon-
sibilities.

Complaints still come to this oflSce that our deputies are
*'iiot enforcing the Sunday fishing laws^" In reply to such,
we continue to call attention to the decision of the late
Attorney-General Knowlton, that the enforcement of the laws
against Sunday fishing (section 12, chapter 98, KevisedLaws)
• does not properly come within the sphere of activities of this
commission, but belongs to the local police. During the past
year 55 arrests have been made for Sunday hunting. Sunday
hunting, particularly during the shooting season, is still prev-
alent in the remoter sections of the State ; but beyond question
it is less obtrusive than formerly, and causes less annoyance to
law-abiding people. The largest number of arrests have been
for Sunday hunting. An even greater number might have
been made for Sunday fishing, were it not fc^r the fact that our
deputies have been ordered not to enforce the Sunday fishing
laws, for the reasons given above.

In regard to the snaring of partridges, we again call atten-
tion to the fact that the snaring of rufied grouse or partridge,
now permitted by law on one's own property, should be com-
pletely prohibited.

The second season of the naphtha launch " Scoter" has con-
firmed the value of this type of equipment for enforcing the
laws regarding fishing and shooting along the coast. The
opinion that this one boat, by reason of its mobility, is equal
in law-enforcing efficiency to a hundred men stationed along
the coast, is borne out by facts. The most important feature
of the work of the *' Scoter" is the restraining influence of the
knowledge of the boat's presence in the neighborhood. To
secure conviction, the short lobsters must be in actual posses-
sion. If the lobsters are thrown overboard, even before the
very eyes of the deputy, but before they can be seized, no con-
viction can be made. From the daily reports of the work of
the ** Scoter," it appears that her presence among the fishing-
boats is directly responsible for the freeing of from 200 to
5,000 short lobsters daily during the fishing season, when the
weather permits lobster fishing, — an aggregate of not less than
600,000 short lobsters. Attention has elsewhere been called

r-^*

K'T^.r

146 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

to the fact that the present lobster laws are extremely difficult
of enforcement, chiefly on account of the measurement features.
Yet, in spite of this fact, 19 arrests and 18 convictions were
made from the ''Scoter" in Boston harbor or vicinity: 390
short lobsters were seized, and the aggregate fines imposed
were $846.

The system of appointing unpaid deputies continues to grow
in public favor. No efforts will be spared to dignify the service
which these men furnish to the Commonwealth. Manybusi-'
ness and professional men of highest character and attainments
have enrolled themselves in this work. While to a certain
degree the ranks of the unpaid deputies serve as a training
ground from which the paid deputies may be selected, many of
the unpaid deputies serve without expectation of other com-
pensation than the personal satisfaction of having properly per-
formed certain duties and responsibilities of citizenship. It is
a privilege to refer to the hearty co-operation evident between
deputies, and frequent setting aside of personal interests for
general good.

As during 1903, the paid force of deputies has continued to
work in unison for the advantage of the Commonwealth. In-
stances of personal bravery in the discharge of duty, cases
of undaunted exposure of life and limb to secure results, of
cool judgment under trying conditions, have been noted. In
general, the commission and the Commonwealth are to be con-
gratulated upon the personnel of its force of paid deputies.
It comprises representatives of many interests and diverse
ancestries; but all unite in zeal, in unselfish co-operation or
'*team work," and have again proved themselves well worthy
of the confidence of all the people of the State.

The report of Deputy John F. Luman, who for the past year
served most faithfully and with intelligent efficiency as chief
deputy, follows : —

B08T0N» MiLSS., Jan. 10, 1905.

Dr. Geobge W. Field, Chairman, Fish and Oame Commission, Boston^

Mass,

Deab Sir : — I herewith submit my annual report for the year 1904,
as follows : —

The greater part of the year I have been engaged at work in the
office at Boston in the capacity of chief deputy, in charge of the lav-

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 147

enforcement work, with the exception of a few months daring the
spring and summer, when I was engaged in the distribution of fish
and animals, and also field work.

7}rout Fishing. — Trout fishing during the past year has been yery
satisfactory, especially in the central and western sections of the State.
Large fish and plenty of them have been taken, which shows that the
stocking of the streams year after year by this commission with fry
and fingerlings has not been a waste of time or money, and the work
is now beginning to show for itself in no mistakable manner. I beg
leaye to call the attention of the Board to but one of several remark-
able catch of trout in the town of West Brookfield in Worcester
County, made by two well-known citizens, James Haskins and Calvin
Perry, who took from the waters of that town 11 trout, the largest
fish weighing 1^ pounds, while 7 of the larger trout tipped the scales
at 8 pounds. This only tends to show what continued restocking of
the streams will do. The reports submitted by the various deputies
relative to trout are also very encouraging.

Chfnxe Birds, — Woodcock have held their own, and in and about
Fitchburg an unusual number have been reported. Quail have been
very scarce, due to the extreme cold weather of the past year. There
has been reported in different sections of the State now and then a
flock, but these are thought to have been the imported ones which
have been liberated by clubs and private individuals. Partridge
shooting, notwithstanding all predictions before the season opened,
has been very good, particularly in the western section of the State,
where the birds have been as numerous, in fact, as at any time in
the past three years.

A large number of birds have been left over from the season Just
closed, and with a good hatching season 1 am quite certain that birds
will be found in abundance at the opening o/ the season of 1905, if
repor^ from various sections of the State are true. From the re-
ports of several sportsmen and others who have hunted in the western
section of the State of Massachusetts, all are united in the opinion
that western Massachusetts is certainly the bird section.

SmaU Game, — Such, including squirrels, rabbits, hares and pheas-
ants, has held its own, and in some localities has increased. Pheasants
have increased wonderfully in the eastern section of the State. Hares
are reported scarce.

Deer. — From nearly every section of the State deer have been re-
ported as seen, and there is no doubt that they are rapidly increas-
ing. They have been seen in numbers in certain sections, namely,
in Palmer, North Adams and Templeton. There have been several
illegally killed in the State. Deer have been run by dogs in many
towns, and it seems that something must be done to prevent this

148 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

yiolation, which has become very freqaent daring the past year.
Where dogs were found chasing deer, and were known, notice has
been sent to the owners, informing them of the fact, and asking
them to try to prevent a fatnre occarrence. Deer killed in the
woods and bearing evidence of having been shot were fonnd in Pitts-
field, Concord, Coldbrook, Winchester, Ballardvale and Plymouth ;
on^ found with a broken leg at Cheshire, December 31, bad to be
killed ; one found at Still River, March 2, legs cut off by railroad
train, had to be killed ; one struck by train at Hoosac Tunnel had
to be killed; one killed by train at Lunenburg, March 17; one at
Pittsfield injured by dogs so that it had to be killed ; one killed at
Greenfield by dogs, February 13 ; two killed at Sterling, having been
chased by hounds, February 24; one killed at Harvard by dogs,
March 2 ; one killed at Petersburg mountain, March 12 ; one killed
by dogs at Rowley, February 24; one killed by dogs at Greorge-
town, March 21; one killed by dogs at Boxford, March 7; ooe
chased by dogs, April 1, at Quisset, drowned; one chased by dogs
into Ipswich Bay and drowned. May 22; one found dead in the
canal of the Ludlow Manufacturing Company, at Ludlow, March 1,
having been chased upon the ice by dogs and drowned. Complaints
were received from the following towns that dogs were chasing
deer, all of which were investigated: Westfield, Russell, Fairfield,
Huntington, West Ware, Monson, Palmer, Georgetown, Sandwich,
Rowley, Leominster, Sterling, Plymouth, Hardwick, Winchendon,
Gardner, Brimfield and Rowley. In several instances the owners
of the dogs were unknown. To the owners of dogs, when the
owners were known or could be learned of, the following notice was
sent : —

Dear Sir: — Complaint comes to this department that your dog chases
deer. Chapter 92, section 18, Revised Laws, as amended by chapter 154, Acts
of 1902, makes this offence punishable by a fine of $20. I call your«atten-
tion to the matter, in the hope that you will see that it does not occur again.
Trusting that jou will receive this letter in the same friendly spirit in which
it is sent, I remain.

Yours very truly, John F. Luman,

Chief Deputy

There is nothing to prevent a person inclined to kill a deer in Massa-
chusetts from doing so, and saying that it was sent to him by a friend
in Vermont, Maine or New Hampshire. A law making it a penalty
to have deer or parts thereof in possession without a tag, bearing the
date when it was killed, by whom killed, and where, would greatly
facilitate the disposition of such cases. A large number of deer were
found killed by unknown hunters in the State. Something mast be
done to prevent further killing.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 149

The new search law, bo far as it goes, is all right, but it does not
give the deputies sufficient chance to bring the guilty ones into court.
I would suggest a law which would give the deputies the right to
approach any person who is hunting or fishing, and, after making his
office known by displaying State shield or badge, ask him, in the name
of the Commonwealth, to show his fish or game, if he has any ; if
such person refuses to do so, give the deputy the right to take him to
the nearest police station or lock-up, and there search him ; if nothing
illegal is found, let the person go, without making or holding the
deputy liable.

Little or no snaring of birds has been reported, although some
snaring is being done by persons on their own land. The sale of
partridge, we have reason to believe, from information received, is
being carried on to some extent. This offence is one of the hardest
oar deputies have to contend with, from the fact that the person buy-
ing is as guilty as the person selling ; therefore, information is not
forthcoming. I believe that the laws have been better enforced this
year than any previous year. Citizens seem to feel in harmony with
the commission, and appear willing to assist in every way possible.
I would recommend a new law relative to the dogs found chasing
or hounding deer, as the present law is not adequate to meet the
increasing offences in this line.

The work done by the paid deputies during the past year has been
mach in advance of the work done by them in any previous year since
^e commission was organized. The force of deputies consisted of
14 paid men, who served nearly the whole year. In addition, there
have been employed 8 special deputies, who were on salary during
the hunting season in October and November. The specials have
done good work in connection with the regular paid force, and I
think the scheme is advisable and advantageous. The total number
of arrests during the year 1904 was 265 ; number of convictions, 227 ;
total amount of fines, 84,297.90, — an increase over last year of
$1,872.90.

Respectfully, John F. Lumax,

Qhwf Deputy.

The following figures indicate briefly some of the facts con-
nected with our enforcement of the game laws. No reference,
however, is made to the ill-founded complaints which have been
investigated, or of the cases where "in the opinion of the com-
mission a proper warning would meet the purpose of the law,
where no violation was intended.

150 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

SUHMART.

Number of arrests for Sunday hunting, 55

Number of arrests for fishing closed waters, .... 41

Number of an'esls for possession of short lobsters, ... S7

Number of arrests for taking shellfish illegally, ... 28

Number of arrests for owning or keeping dogs that chase deer, 22

Number of arrests for killing deer, i

Number of arrests for shooting song birds, .... 24

Per cent, of offenders of foreign birth (judging by names), . 46

Total number of cases taken to court, S65

ConTictions, 227

Cases discharged, 35

Cases placed on file, 48

Fines from arrests made by unpaid deputies, .... $1368 40

Fines from arrests made by paid deputies, 2,929 50

Total fines imposed 4,297 90

New Legislation.

We respectfully recommend the following additions and
changes in the fish and game laws.

We urge, in the interest of uniform legislation, the follow-
ing laws, which the delegates from the lobster-producing States,
at the convention held in the State House, Sept. 23 and 24,
1903, voted to recommend to their respective Legislatures : —

1. All lobsters or parts of lobsters sold for use in this state, or for
export therefrom, mast be sold and delivered in the shell, under a
penalty of twenty dollars for each offence ; and whoever ships, boys,
sells, gives away or exposes for sale lobster meat after the same shall
have been taken from the shell, shall be liable to a penalty of one
dollar for each pound of meat so bought, sold, exposed for Bale,
given away or shipped. Any person or corporation in the business
of a common carrier of merchandise, who shall knowingly carry or
transport from place to place lobster meat after the same shall have
been taken from the shell, shall be liable to a penalty of fifty dollars
upon each conviction thereof. All lobster meat so illegally bought,
shipped, sold, given away, exposed for sale or transported, shall be
liable for seizure, and may be confiscated. Nothing contained herein
shall be held to prohibit the sale of lobsters that are legaUy canned
and hermetically sealed.

2. No person or corporation shall engage in the lobster fishery in
this state without a permit from the fish and game commissioners,
which permit shall be furnished free of cost to the applicant, and

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 151

Bhall contain a copy of the laws for the protection of the lobster.
Any person who engages in lobster fishing withoat a permit from the
fish and game commission shall forfeit not less than one handred dol-
lars, or be liable to imprisonment, or both fine and imprisonment, at
the discretion of the coart. The above shoald not apply to individ-
aals taking a small number (not exceeding five daily) for their own
Dse and not for sale.

A person holding a permit, who is convicted of a violation of any
of the lobster laws, shall surrender his permit to the fish and game
commissic^n, and it shall not be reissued within one year from the
date of its surrender. Failure to surrender a permit will make the
bolder liable to a penalty of not less than fifty dollars, and the con-
fiscation of the pots and boats used by him for lobster fishing.

There is no law upon the statute books so difficult of enforce-
ment as the present lobster laws. Persons so inclined keep
the short lobsters where they can be readily dropped overboard
on the approach of the deputies ; or they are held until oppor-
tunity offers to transport them to Rhode Island or to New
York, where they are salable. Yet there is abundant evidence
that fear of the '* Scoter " checks, to a very considerable degree,
the possession of short lobsters in Boston harbor and the waters
adjacent. Several persons who dealt very largely in short lob-
sters have already been driven out of business, having found
that the profits of the business are jeopardized by the activity
of the *' Scoter." Thirty-seven arrests were made during the
past year for the possession of short lobsters, so that what was
formerly carried on to a very great extent, even if not with im-
punity, is now attended with considerable hazard. There is
need, however, of some means whereby the fisherman who has
no respect for the law, or for his own benefit, or for the inter-
ests of his fellows, could be constrained by some powerful and
readily applicable measure. Such a means is possible by the
requirement of a permit for the catching of lobsters for sale.
Such permit should not be necessary to a resident of the Com-
monwealth catching a small number of lobsters for personal use.
This permit should be given without expense to the law-abiding
fishermen, but should be taken from those convicted of break-
ing the lobster laws. The barring of such individuals from the
benefits of the lobster fisheries would react to the advantage of
those willing to abide by the laws.

152 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

It would be to the advantage of the people of this Common-
wealth if suitable provisions could be made for extending chap-
ter 408, Acts of 1904, with a suitable appropriation to rear the
lol>ster fry to such a stage where it is practically free from
the ravages of enemies. In the opinion of this commission,
the experiments carried on by the Rhode Island Fish Commis-
sion and by the Canadian government on this line have been suc-
cessful to a degree which warrants the adoption of the method
by the State of Massachusetts.

The scallop laws (section 84, chapter 91, Revised Laws) fail
to define a seed scallop, and are therefore defective. It is a fact
that the scallop eggs are laid in May and June. The young
hatched from these eggs become mature and lay eggs the follow-
ing May and June, and the majority of these scallops die during
the succeeding winter, after producing a single litter of eggs.
The scallops which are less than one year old should be defined as
seed scallops, since these are the main source of eggs for the fol-
lowing spring. The size of scallops is usually an indication of
age, and the writer knows of no more satisfactory criterion by
which to define a seed scallop than that furnished by measure-
ments. This commission is qualified to make the necessary
microscopical examinations, and to propose a proper and defi-
nite statement as to what should be considered a seed scallop.

It is obviously for the interest of the inhabitants of those jwr-
tions of the State remote from the seashore, as well as of those
living in proximity to clam flats, that the supply of clams should
be such that an excessive amount of time or labor should not
be consumed in digging. At present there are very large areas,
between tide marks, and properly belonging to the Common-
wealth, which have in the past produced great quantities of clams
and quahaugs, but now, from neglect or from unsystematic dig-
ging, are producing fiir less than their natural capacity.

This commission is qualified, by knowledge and practice, to
institute a system of clam propagation which will benefit the
diggers, the dealers and the consumers in all parts of the State,
and multiply several fold the wealth at present derived from
the shellfish industries within this State. We therefore beg to
call attention to conditions now existing, to the scarcity and
high price of clams and quahaugs, and to submit the following

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 153

tentative plan for consideration as the basis of a law in the
interests of clam and quahaug industries : —

1. Make a survey and plot of such public areas as appear to
l>e available for cultivation of clams and quahaugs.

2. These areas shall be divided into two approximately equal
portions. One of these portions shall be leased for periods of
five or ten years to applicants who shall actively use the area
for the commercial propagation and production of clams or
quahaugs, under such regulations as the Commission on Fish-
eries and Game may impose from time to time.

The leased area in general shall not exceed 50 per cent, of
the total area suitable for growing clams and quahaugs. The
moneys derived from the leased areas shall be devoted to the
stocking and improvement of the unlcasable area, which shall
be open to the public for the taking of shellfish, and shall be
subject to such regulations as in the opinion of the Commission
on Fisheries and Game are for the l)est interests of the Com-
monwealth.

The attention of this commission has been called to a pecul-
iar case. By chapter 158, Acts of 1901, Lake Quinsigamond
was closed to fishing between September 1 and April 1 until
March 14, 1906. The people in that neighborhood now wish
to terminate the provision of this act. They advance the state-
ment that they wish to increase the number of trout in the lake.
They have established a trout hatchery upon waters tributary
to the lake, and subscribed a large suui of money to further
the work. They claim that the pickerel are enemies of the
trout, and that the number of pickerel in the lake limits the
number of trout. They therefore seek the opportunity to re-
duce the pickerel by fishing or other legitimate means, for the
purpose of making conditions more favorable for their efforts
for increasing the number of trout in the lake.
We therefore recommend, if it appears that the majority of

the people directly interested are in favor of trout in the lake

rather than pickerel, that the Legislature take such action as

appears desirable in this case.

We are of the opinion that black bass should be given some

protection, especially during the season when they are guarding

the nest.

154 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

The conditions connected with the protection of game and
insectivorous birds are still unsatisfactory. The most promi-
nent difficulty arises from the newly arrived immigrant, both
adult and minor. Other States find that an alien license law
is satisfactory and practical. The chief provisions cover the
prohibition of hunting by unnaturalized inhabitants who are
not provided with a license issued by the chief of police in the
town or city where the hunting is done. The fee for such
licenses should be at least $10, and be provided with a photo-
graph or satisfactory description of the proper holder of the
license. The law should also require, when demanded by the
owner or lessor of the land or by a person properly authorized
to enforce the laws of the Commonwealth, the exhibition ^of
the license and of the birds or animals killed or held alive.

At present there is nothing in the statutes to prevent any
one having in his possession a deer killed in Massachusetts,
claiming that the deer was sent to him. The law (Acts of
1903, chapter 245) refers to hunting, chasing, wounding or
killing, but fails to cover possession. This might be obviated
by an amendment, providing a penalty for having deer or
parts thereof in possession without a tag, bearing the date and
locality of killing, and by whom killed.

The new search law (chapter 367, Acts of 1904) upon the
first year's trial has shown that the efficiency might be in-
creased, without actually subjecting the hunter or fisherman
to the personal indignity of a search. The suggestion is that
the law give the commissioners and their deputies the right to
approach any person who appears to be hunting or fishing,
or killing or snaring birds or mammals, contrary to the laws
of the Commonwealth, and, after making proper explanations,
with the exhibition of tokens of authority, to make foniial
demand in the name of the Commonwealth to display all the
game, fish and birds and mammals protected by law then in his
possession. In case of refusal, the commissioner or deputy
should have the right to take the person to the nearest police
station or lock-up, where the search may be made, without
incurring personal liability.

This same chapter (chapter 367, Acts of 1904) should also
provide for the right of search for the bodies or feathers of
certain birds referred to in Acts of 1903, chapters 244 and 329.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCmiENT— No. 25. 155

We beg to call attention to the following slight but impor-
tant modifications : —

1. Chapter 162, Acts of 1903, fourth line, after the word July,
insert '^a Bartramian sandpiper^ also called vpland plover;*' and
after the word pigeon, insert '' a Carolina or mourning dove"

The passenger pigeon and the Carolina dove are two distinct
species, and are the only wild pigeons likely to be found in
^lassachusetts. Both are on the verge of extinction ; they
require and deserve protection.

2. Chapter 176, Acts of 1904, sixth line, after possession, insert
^^each" and cause to read, ^* each wild or game bird or animal pro-
tected by law/'

3. Chapter 92, section 20, Revised Laws, first line after fines, add
** and forfeitures "

Suggestions 2 and 3 have come fi'om judges dealing with
cases under these acts.

4. Section 11, chapter 92, Revised Laws, fourth line, after game
bird, insert words ^^ a wild or undomesticated bird^ not exempt under
Acts of 1903, chapter 329, and Acts of 1902, chapter 127 r

The Acts of 1902, chapter 165, should be so amended that
its provisions should not apply to quail kept or sold for prop-
agating purposes. .

It comes to our notice that many persons, mainly Italians,
snare and trap game and insectivorous birds. Some more
definite check should be placed upon this practice. The
deputies very properly assert that the law should cover the
possession of snares, bird lime, etc.

I also respectfully call attention to the limitations placed
upon the work of the commissioners and deputies through lack
of provision for the service of warrants by the commissioners
or deputies. It often happens that in isolated places time and
opportunities to secure convictions are lost through the frequent
impossibility of finding a local police officer to serve the war-
rant.

Attention is respectfully called to the fact that on Feb. 13,
1905, according to section 16 of chapter 92, Revised Laws, the
law for the protection of pheasants ceases to be operative.

156 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

We respectfully suggest that the following be embodied in a
section relative to the ownership or possession of ferrets : —

Owners or possessors of ferrets shall notify in writing the commis-
sioners on fisheries and game of the fact that one or more ferrets are
in possession. The owners or possessors of such ferret shall alio
notify in writing the commissioners on the day that a ferret or ferreU
leave the possession of the former owner or possessor, and shall, at
the same time, give the name of the owner or possessor into whose
possession the ferret passes. Ferrets which are not thus accoonted
for are liable to confiscation.

A case where one of our deputies suffered bodily harm when
attempting to make an arrest for violation of fish and game laws
brousrht out the fact that the rio:ht of the Commissioners on Fish-
eries and Game to appoint deputies is not stated with sufficient
definiteness in the statutes as to preclude a difference of opinion
among judges. A similar difference of opinion exists as to the
rights of the deputies to call for assistance in making an arrest
and to protect themselves from personal violence. These points
are of prime importance in securing the proper enforcement of
the fish and game laws, and we do not wish to have more cases
thrown out of court on this ground. We therefore suggest the
amendment of section 4, chapter 91, Revised Laws, so as to
read as follows : —

Section 4. The commissioners are empowered to appoint depaties,
and the commissioners and their deputies shall, for the enforcement
of the fish or game laws, have the same powers as all ofiScers qnalified
to serve criminal process, including the right to call in the name of the
commonwealth for assistance according to section 31, chapter 210,
Eevised Laws, and may arrest with or without warrant any person
whom they find violating any of the fish or game laws ; except that
persons engaged in the business of regularly dealing in the buying
and selling of fish and game as an article of commerce shall not be
arrested without a warrant for having in possession or selling game at
their usual places of business.

We recommend that some provisions be made so that towns
which have accepted section 68, Revised Laws, can have power
to reconsider their action.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 157

Courtesies.

The commission has received from the United States Bureau
of Fisheries, Department of Commerce and Labor, consign-
ments of eggs of brook and rainbow trout, landlocked salmon
and pike perch, also a shipment of shad fry. We have like-
wise received from the Bureau statements of its fish cultural
work in this State, and various of its publications, including
monthly statistical statements of the fish landed from fishing
vessels at Boston and Gloucester.

The post-ofBce authorities and others have permitted the dis-
play of posters containing abstracts of the fish and game laws.

The railroads within the State, notably the New York, New
Haven & Hartford, the Boston & Albany and the Boston &
Maine, have, as formerly, carried free shipments of fish, birds
and animals intended for distribution or propagation. The
aathorities of the Boston & Maine Railroad were especially
courteous to Deputy A. M. Nichols, stopping two trains at
stations so as to allow him to look after a deer which had been
hit by H train, and to attend court on the same day, which he
otherwise might not have l)een able to do.

Mr. O. T. Olsen of Grimsby, Eng., has furnished us with
important information about the management of an otter trawl ;
also illustrations of an otter or trawl board, and a phm of a
trawl, which are printed again in this report, on account of the
interest in and value of the otter trawl.

On June 9 the Commissioners of Inland Fisheries of Rhode
Island courteously invited the Massachusetts Commissioners on
Fisheries and Game to visit Rhode Island and inspect the lob-
ster and clam propagation labbratories at Wickford, R. I., con-
ducted by the Rhode Island Commission under the immediate
direction of Dr. A. D. Mead. This invitation was accepted l)y
our late chairman, Capt. J. W. Collins, and by Dr. George W.
Field, who was then biologist to our commission.

Practically the entire day was si)ent in the company of the
Rho<ie Island Commission of Fisheries and their distinguished
guests from all sections of Rhode Island, including His Excel-
lency Governor .Garvin and staff, in inspecting and studying the
methods and results of the investigations upon the artificial

158 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

propagation of clams and lobsters. Methods have been de-
vised by Dr. H. C. Bumpus and by his successor, Dr. A. D.
Mead, which have placed the artificial propagation of clams and
lobsters beyond the experimental stage. These methods, with
very slight modifications, can and should be applied immedi-
ately to Massachusetts shores and waters. For this reason the
observations made by us on that day may be of great value to
Massachusetts. The bountiful hospitality of the Rhode Island
ofiScials was characteristic, and was thoroughly appreciated.

The commission is indebted to JHon. E. P. Whitney for cour-
tesies in driving our late chairman through the Blue Hill Res-
ervation, with the special object of examining certain of the
ponds therein situated.

We are indebted to Capt. Robert E. Conwell of Province-
town for courtesies extended by him to our late chairman in the
matter of furnishing a power launch, line, bait, etc., for troll-
ins: for horse mackerel off Provincetown and Truro.

The following, from the Cape Ann ''News" of Jan. 16, refers
to the two elegant vases received from the Japanese government
by our late chairman, as a token of the appreciation of his
efforts in furthering the interests of the fishery industries : —

Much to his surprise and delight, Captain Collins, chairman of the
Massachusetts Fish and Game Commission, has received recognition
from the Japanese government for helping the students who visited
this locality two years ago to observe the American method of fishing
and curing. Two Cloisonne vases, representing an art in which the
Japanese excel, have been sent to him from the Imperial Fisheries
Bureau at Tokio, with notes explaining the gift.

Japan's interest in the fishing industry is natural, inasmuch as there
are j)robably more than 2,600,000 fiShermen in the country, and aboal
4,000 boats engaged in the industry.

The commission has been privileged to extend courtesies in
the following instances : —

To the United States Bureau of Fisheries, permitting the
collection of egg-bearing lobsters ; the operation of two ix)und
nets for scientific purposes, etc.

We have continued to assist Prof. W. E. Castle of Harvard
University in securing and holding in confinement material

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 159

necessary for the conduct of special scientific researches. The
following letter was received while the report was in press : —

Cambridge, Mass., March 6, 11K)5.
Dr. Georoe W. Field, Chairman^ Commission on Fisheries and Oame^

SlcUe House^ Boston^ Mass.

Dear Sir : — I wish to make gratefal acknowledgment of the ex-
cellent facilities affoixled me daring 1904 hy the department of fisheries
and game for a continued study of certain problems in heredity among
brook troat. With the valuable assistance of Mr. Arthur Merrill, the
superintendent of the Sutton hatchery, I was enabled to carry these
studies through two successive generations of trout. The results
obtained, it is hoped, will soon be ready for publication. The good
management of the officers of the department made it possible to carry
oat these experiments without interfering in any way with the regu-
lar work of the hatcheiy, or incurring any additional expense. An
iDvestigation of considerable scientific interest was thus successfully
executed, one which was necessarily time-consuming, and would have
been expensive had it not been possible, through the cordial spirit of
co-operation shown by your department, to utilize facilities already
in operation in the practical work of fish hatching.

I am indebted to your department also for supplying me with two
wild ** cotton-tail" rabbits, with which to institute experiments in
hybridization with the European rabbit. The results of these experi-
ments are thus fa^ negative.

Yours very truly, W. E. Castle,

Assistant Professor of Zodlogy,
Harvard University.

Through our late chairman, we had pleasure in extending
courtesies to Prof. H. Henking of Hannover, Germany, Secre-
tary-General of the German Sea Fisheries Association, and Mr.
Heidrich of Memel, Germany, Royal High Fish Master, who, in
consequence of the publication of extensive extracts with illus-
trations from our annual report of 1902, were sent to this
country by the German government to study the fisheries of
Massachusetts, with special reference to the extensive utiliza-
tion of naphtha fishing boats.

We were also privileged to supply to Hon. Chr. Ravn,
Consul-General of Sweden and Norway at New York, cer-
tain information regarding fishing craft which was required in
Norway.

160 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

The commission had pleasure in supplying the Italian gov-
ernment, through its consulate in Boston, with certain publica-
tions and other information regarding the fisheries of this State.

One hundred brook trout fry, five hundred eggs and twenty-
five fry of the rainbow trout, the latter with sacs attached, and
one three-year-old brook trout, were given to Mt. Holyoke
College for the students to use in their scientific studies.

Permission was given to Mr. Thomas S. Holmes, 9 South
Broadway, Lawrence, Mass., to collect sea lampreys as material
for scientific study for Prof. Raymond Pearl, instructor in
zoology. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Permits have been issued to the following parties to collect
birds and eggs for scientific purposes : Homer L. Bigelow,
Boston; John W. Bailey, Boston; Dr. C. F. Hodge, Worces-
ter; J. B. Richards, Fall River; Albert E. Jewett, Clinton;
Roberto. Morris, Springfield; A. C. Bent, Taunton; Geo.
H. Maokay, Nantucket ; Alfred E. Preble, Wilmington ; Fred
H. Kennard, Boston ; F. B. McKechnie, Boston ; Owen Dur-
fce. Fall River ; John H. Hardy, Jr., Boston ; Chas. R. Harte,
Jamaica Plain ; Ira T. Ward, Sherborn ; FredH. Scott, West-
field; L. C. Jones, Maiden; F. E. Waterman, Fall River;
Frank S. Aiken, Fall River; Chester A. Reed, Worcester;
James P. Porter, Worcester.

Permits to take sand eels for bait have been issued to the
following: Paul Jones Lowell, Joseph Thurlow, William H.
Simmons, Richard E. Pierce, Samuel P. Dow, E. L. Perkins,
Chas. F. Lattimc and Albion P. Hilton of Xewburyportj
Robert J. Sweeney and John F. Sweeney of Salisbury; C. A.
Leet, S. W. Caswell, H. T. Mackinney, Edward E. Wells and
James E. Carter of Ipswich.

In addition to the permits furnished to Superintendents
Corliss and Locke of the United States Fisheries Bureau, per-
mits to collect and hold in confinement effsr-bearinor lobsters
have been given to the following : Allen B. Robinson, Bay
View; Chris Nelson, Beverly; Thomas Neville, Beverly
Farms ; F. C. Leonard and Albert A. Nightingale, Bourne-
dale ; Julius E. White, H. W. Tolman and Henry Hewin:?,
Brant Rock; Wright & Willis, John G. Cox & Co., Massa-
chusetts Lobster Company, Joseph P. Serrilla, Manuel Surelia.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo. 25. 161

Frank Rosa, John Sandstroniy Manuel Rosa, Jule Rose, Anto-
nio Silva, Christopher Costa, John Pinto and Frank Brenzola,
Boston; J. K. Ferreira, East Boston; George W. Bloomer,
Chatham; Antone Grassie, John Eltmann, M. S. Thomas,
Manuel E. Salvadore, Levi Cadose, O. H. Reamy, Manuel
Oliver, Antoine Figueriedo, O. Hanson, R. Ainslie and Charles
Anderson, Cohasset ; F. E. Wardsworth, South Duxbury ;
William L. Grew, North Falmouth ; Alvin F. Bourne, West
Falmouth; Melvin Parsons and Peter Knutson, Gloucester;
Daniel Souther, Ambrose Mitchell and R. M. Cleverly, Hull ;
Frank C. Chandler, Island Creek; R. C. Hiller, Geo. K.
Hanson, Jr., R. T. Millett, E. T. Phillips, J. I. Phillips,
Frank Dennis and Clarence K. Stone, Marblehead ; Daniel B.
Gould, East Orleans; Charles S. Brown and John A. Dunn,
Salem Willows; Charles H. Parker, Sandwich; J. Frank
Cushman and Thomas S. S. Turner, Scituate; C. H. Pratt,
Xorth Scituate ; Hon. E. L. Bonney, Scituate harbor ; Joseph
Safrine, Spectacle Island; C. H. Collins, North Truro; W.
W. Freeman, South Tmro; A. H. Vedeler, Woods Hole; F.
J. Cain, North Weymouth.

On Dec. 9, 1904, our respected colleague, Capt. Joseph W.
Collins, passed away, after a very brief illness from pneutnonia
complicated with Bright's disease.

In October, 1899, Captain Collins returned, as chairman of
this commission, to Massachusetts, his port of hail during his
early manhood. Under his able direction the work of this
commission prospered. His personality endeared him to all
thot$e associated with him as commissioners and deputies. The
following resolutions, passed by the present Board, are a sin-
cere expression of the esteem of those with whom he had been
intimately associated for the past five years : —

Whereaf^ God, in his infinite wisdom, has removed from the coun-
cils of this Board oar esteemed colleague, Hon. Joseph W. Collins,
who for the past five years has so remarkably advanced the scope
and value of the work of the commission, and whose reputation
extends far beyond the confines of this Commonwealth and the
United States ; and

162 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Whereasj The passing away of our colleague has taken from this
Board one of broad experience and a wise counsellor, whose loss
falls not alone upon us personally, but upon the Commonwealth and
the nation, therefore —

Be it resolved^ That, while bowing reverently to the will of God,
the undersigned members of the Massachusetts Commission on Fish-
eries and Game deeply deplore the loss that has come to them in the
death of their honored chairman, and that they extend to Mrs. Col-
lins and other members of the family their most heartfelt sympathy.

Resolved^ That these resolutions be spread upon the records of

this commission, and a copy thereof be sent to the widow of our late

colleague.

George W. Field.

E. A. Brackett.

John W. Delano.

Joseph William Collins was born at Islesboro, Me., Aug.
8, 1839 ; son of David, Jr., and Eliza (Sawyer), grandson of
David and Elizabeth (Barter), and great-grandson of John
Collins, who was born at Castine, Me., about 1765. He was
brought up a fisher boy, and had few educational advantages.
At the age of ten he went to sea on a fishing craft, and there
began to gain the general knowledge that fitted him for his
life work.

.' His tenth birthday was spent at sea, on board a fishing ves-
sel. 'His early education was obtained at a country school
during the w^inter. He took up* the study of mathematics and
/the higher English branches later, while on shipboard. He
w^as appointed to the command of a fishing vessel before he
reached his majority, and for many years was master of some
of the finest schooners out of Gloucester, Mass.

In 1879 Captain Collins's practical knowledge of the eco-
nomic aspects of the fisheries and his interest in the scientitic
study of the inhabitants of the sea attracted the attention of
Prof. Spencer F. Baird, at that time the great pioneer scientist
of the United States fisheries industries ; and through the
interest of Professor Baird he actively entered the service of
the United States, being employed by the United States Fish
Commission to make a statistical report upon the New Eng-
land fisheries for the tenth census. This was an important
task, for then, as now, the New England fisheries were the
most important in the United States.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 163

In the spring of 1880 he was sent by the government, on
the staff of the United States Commissioner, to the Inter-
national Fisheries Exposition at Berlin. In December, 1880,
he returned to Washington, and resumed work on the prepa-
ration of those masterly reports which were published by the
United States Fish Commission in the volumes covering *' The
Fisheries and Fishing Industries of the United States."

He rapidly attained distinction as a writer in this line, and
also exhibited great facility in preparing models and illustra-
tions of fishing Craft and fishing scenes, the details of which
were thoroughly familiar to him. In 1883 he was one of the
commission sent by the United States to represent this country
and to ipake a display of its fisheries and fishery resources at
the great International Fisheries Exposition held at London in
that year. The intimate knowledge of the fisheries and their
needs which Captain Collins possessed made it possible for
him to offer many impoi*tant suggestions for their improve-
ment,— suggestions which have been adopted, to the great
profit of those industries. The marked change, in recent
years, in the fishing vessels of New England, whereby their
speed and sea-going qualities have been materially enhanced,
and the winter fisheries divested of much of the horror that
formerly characterized them, is due to his efforts. In 1886
he put his ideas to practical use in designing the schooner
** Grampus " for the United States Fish Commission. This
vessel was the pioneer of a new type. Her advent, added to
the previous writings by her designer, had a great influence.
The " Grampus " is considered one of the most seaworthy
vessels afloat. Captain Collins was in command of the
••Grampus" from 1886 to 1888.

He made many cruises of investigation on the vessels of the
United States Fish Commission, the results of which have ap-
peared in numerous papers, printed in the reports and bulletins
of the commission. In 1887, while on a cruise of observation
to Newfoundland, Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence,
he obtained a large collection of the remains of the great auk
(Plautus impennis) ^ more bones of this extinct species being
procured than were previously possessed by all the museums
of the world. In the winter of 1887-88 he was called to
Washington for consultation by the Federal International Com-

164 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

mission, which was then negotiating the fishery treaty with
Canada, and was of much assistance to the American commis-
sioners. In 1888 he was appointed in charge of the division
of fisheries of the United States Fish Commission. In the
same year he was in charge of the Fish Commission's exhibit
at Cincinnati. In 1884 Captain Collins organized, in the
United States National Museum, the section of naval archi-
tecture, and from that date he was its honorary curator. The
collection of models, pictures, photographs, etc., was brought
together by him. A large percentage of the models, including
those of the ''Mayflower" of the Pilgrims, and Capt. Jotn
Smith's ship "Sally Constant," were constructed under his
personal supervision, and some are from his own designs. In
1893 he was appointed curator of the section of fisheries, and
for a short time in 1889 was special agent of the eleventh
census, in charge of the section of fisheries, but on account of
I the pressure of other duties resigned that position. In 1890

he was appointed by President Harrison as the representative
of the United States Fish Commission on the Government
Board of Management and Control at the World's Columbian
Exposition, and was chief of the department of fisheries from
February, 1891, to the close of the exposition ; but after com-
pleting the preparation of the commission's exhibit, which was
installed in the government building, he resigned this position
and his connection with the Fish Commission in December,
1892.

Captain Collins was a prolific writer on matters relating to
the commercial fisheries, and may appropriately be styled the
historian of American fisheries. In addition to the various
papers and reports which he has published under the auspices
of the gov^ernment, Captain Collins was a frequent contributor
to newspapers and magazines. He was one of the contributors
t; to the " Century Dictionary," and during the progress of the

World's Fair at Chicago was a member of the staff* of the
"Fishing Gazette," assuming the duties of editor-in-chief. He
was United States Commissioner to the International Fisheries
Exhibition at Bergen, Norway, in 1898.

Probably no one man ever connected with the fishing indus-
try was so widely known and so universally esteemed as Captain

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25. 165

Collins. Many of the practical ideas introduced by him into
the routine work of the United States Fish Commission and
of the Massachusetts department of fisheries and game have
proved invaluable. Some of them are in use at this time, and
show their worth by the results obtained.

Captain Collins deserves a high place among the notable
benefactors of the human race for the results of his life work.
He contributed more than any one man to making the deep-sea
fishing industry less hazardous to life and property. The fol-
lowing paragraph, written by him in 1882, gives a statement
of his greatest life purpose and interest : —

Every fisherman who goes forth to brave the perils of the deep,
whose success and life itself depend upon the merit of his vessel,
should be well informed in regard to which is the safest model and
the best rig ; every woman, patiently and hopefully watching for the
retani from sea of those she loves, should at least have the consola-
tion of knowing that those she waits for have sailed in the very best
vessel that human skill can . devise ; every merchant who sends his
fleet to sea should feel that everything has been done which can be
done to relieve him of the enormous burden of insurance, which for
years has so handicapped the Gloucester fisheries. If* what I have
written has any influence in bringing about a result so much to be
wished for, then I shall be amply repaid for my labor.

The success of the vessels constructed on the type of his
models was actual and not theoretical. The direct result was
the loss of fewer vessels. More than that, the greater speed
of the vessels made possible a greater earning capacity for the
labor and capital involved in the enterprise. Yet further, the
application of power (both steam and naphtha) to large fishing
vessels, to eatboats and to dories, is another great advance in
the same direction, and multiplies the productive capacity of
the labor and capital applied to the deep-sea fisheries. Even
on these lines alone 'Captain Collins's work was sufiScient to
enroll his name high on the list of the benefactors of mankind.

Although the great central fact of his life work has led to
making the deep-sea fisheries less hazardous to life and prop-
erty, the subsidiary results of the application of his scientific
knowledge to the method of capturing and marketing fish were

166 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

no less noteworthy. As the results of his studies in economic
biology, he furnished the knowledge which made possible the
development of the Pacific halibut fisheries. By Massachu-
setts capital, by Massachusetts vessels and Massachusetts men
and methods Boston now receives most of its fresh halibut
supply in refrigerator cars over the Canadian Pacific from
Vancouver. This fishery has arisen during the past five
years, and is still increasing rapidly. It already yields an
annual catch of more than 25,000,000 pounds, at first-hand
value of over $1 ,000,000.

Captain Collins was earlier largely instrumental in establish-
ing the New England halibut fishery ofl^ the coast of Iceland.
The utilization of the whiting or silver hake (Merlucius biltn-
earis)^ a fish taken in large quantities in the pound nets, but
formerly considered of no value, is now sold in large quantities,
fresh and pickled. He introduced and developed in the United
States many and various methods of fishing, such as, for example,
the trawl fishery. Among other important services to the fish-
eries industry, he w^as instrumental in securing a wider market
for American cod livers. He was the first to advocate the use
of cod roe iti making caviar, to replace sturgeon roe, now
rapidly becoming scarce.

He was the promoter of the Convention of Representatives
of the Lobster-producing States and of the Maritime Provinces,
which met at the State House, Boston, Sept. 23 and 24, 1903,
for the purpose of securing better protection of the lobster.

I* Captain Collins presided as chairman, and also prepared the

report of the convention, which was printed by the Common-
wealth.

He brought to the chairmanship of the Massachusetts depart-
ment of fisheries and game a knowledge of the practical side
of the work, and a capacity for organization which greatly
developed the value of this commission in all its branches.
He proved to be wise in counsel, a sympathetic friend to those
deserving his consideration, and a stern disciplinarian to law-
breakers and imposters.

He was made Chevalier of St. Olaf by the Norwegian gov-

11 ernment, 1898 ; awarded diploma for invention, Berlin, 1880;

^* two silver medals for invention and diploma for special ser-

'■: all

I it

.-tr

»'5

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 1G7

vices, London, 1883 ; special gold medal of honor by German
government, 1894 ; and honor medal, 1893, as *' one of the
makers of the World's Columbian Exposition."

He was elected an honorary member of various scientific and
fisheries societies of Europe and the United States. He came
to be recognized as the historian of the American fisheries, and
as a fisheries statistician. He edited the <' Fishing Gazette,"
and, in addition to reviews in ** Fisheries and Fishery Indus-
tries of the United States," he wrote '* History of the Tile
Fish;" '*The Introduction of Gill Nets in the American Cod
Fishery;" *'The Beam Trawl Fishery of Great Britain;"
" Reports on the Fishing Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico ; "
** Suggestions for Improvements in Fishing Vessels ; " '*The
Construction and Equipment of the Schooner ' Grampus ; ' "
** Report on the Cruise of the 'Grampus' to Newfoundland,
Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in 1889;" «' The
Fisheries of the Pacific Coast;" "Statistical Review of the
Coast Fisheries of the United States for 1887 and 1888 ; "
** Report upon the Fishing Vessels and Boats of the Pacific
Coast;" ** Notes on the Oyster Fishery of Connecticut;"
** Fisheries of the United States;" '* Decadence of the New
England Deep-sea Fisheries;" "Evolution of the American
Fishing Schooner; " and many other papers. The part of this
report, up to and including the chapter on the " Deep-sea Fish-
eries," pages 1-82, was the last work completed. Other chaj>
ters were outlined, and notes were left which have been used in
its completion. Captain Collins left voluminous notes, which
are of much value to this commission, as they mainly pertain
to the work of this Board.

Captain Collins cherished an ambition which led him onward
to continually higher ideals. He developed and trained, by
dint of hard labor and in spite of grinding conditions, a natural
capacity for gathering and setting forth in an interesting and
valuable manner the details of the fishing industries of the
world. He established himself as an acknowledged world
authority in his chosen line. His position is well-nigh unique,
— at once the father and the historian of the deep-sea fisheries,
for the development of which he has done more than any one
man in America.

168 FISH AND GAME. [Dec. 1904.

His life on sea and land was beset by storms and sore trials,
but through all he maintained the calm dignity of the strong
man, confident in his ability to ultimately conquer difficulties.
He acquired a character above reproach ; an exemplary hus-
band and father ; a Christian man ; a citizen who trained his
capacities, and ever devoted them unflinchingly to the service
of the humble as well as of the powerful, to the State and to
the nation.

Upon the death of Captain Collins, Mr. Delano became act-
ing chairman. On Dec. 21, 1904, George W. Field, Ph.D.,
of Sharon, was nominated by Governor Bates; on December
28 this nomination was confirmed by the Council; on Jan.
2, 1905, Dr. Field was elected chairman of the commission.

GEORGE W. FIELD.
EDWARD A. BRACKETT.
JOHN W. DELANO.

APPENDICES.

- /

[A.]
List op Commissioners.

United States Bureau op Fisheries, Washington, D. C.

George M. Bowers, Commissioner.

Hugh M. Smith, Deputy Commissioner.

Irving H. Dunlap, Chief Clerk.

Barton W. Evermann, Assistant in charge of Division of Inquiry respecting

Food Fishes.
John W. Titcomb, Assistant in charge of Division of Fish Culture.
Alvin B. Alexander, Assistant in charge of Division of Statistics and

Methods of the Fisheries.

SuperirUendenU of United Slates Fisheries Stations,

Charles G. Atkins, Craig Brook, East Orland, Me.

E. E. Hahn, Boothbay Harbor, Me.

Waldo F. Hubbard, Nashua, N. H.

E. N. Carter, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

C. G. Corliss, Gloucester, Mass.

E. F. Locke, Woods Hole, Mass.

C. K. Green, Fish Ponds, Washington, D. C.

L. G. Harron (in charge), Bryan's Point, Md.

George A. Seagle, Wytheville, Va.

R. K. Robinson, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.

Alexander Jones, Erwin, Tenn.

S. G. Worth, Edenton, N. C.

J. J. Stranahan, Cold Spring, Bulloch ville, Ga.

G. H. H. Moore, Tupelo, Miss. ^

Livingston Stone, Cape Vincent, N. Y.

S. W. Downing, Put-in-Bay, O.

Frank N. Clark, North ville, Mich.

S. P. Wires, Duluth, Minn.

R. S. Johnson, Manchester, la.

Dr. S. P. Bartlett, Quincy, 111.

H. D. Dean, Neosho, Mo.

M. F. Stapleton, Mammoth Springs, Ark.

John L. Leary, San Marcos, Tex.

De Witt C. Booth, Spearfish, So. Dak.

W. T. Thompson, Leadville, Col.

James A. Henshall, Bozeman, Mont.

H. O'Malley, Baker Lake, Wash.

C. Wallich, Clackmas, Ore.

Giles H. Lambson, Baird and Battle Creek, Cal.

172

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

r I

iJi

Arizona.

Fish and Oame.

T.S. Bunch Saflford.

W. S. Pinney, Secretary, Phcsnix.

Jean Allison, Jerome.

Caupornia.

H. W. Keller, President, Santa Monica.

W. W. Van Arsdale, San Francisco.

W. £. Gerber, Sacramento.

Charles A. Vogelsang, Chief Depaty, .... San Francisco.

Colorado.

Charles H. Harris, Denver.

A. A. Gordon, Secretary, Denver.

T. J. Holland, ... Denver.

CONNEOnCUT.

George T. Mathewson, President, Thompsonville.

Robert G. Pike, Middletown.

E. Hart Geer, Secretary, . ' « • . . . Hadlyme.

Delaware.

£. G. Shortlinge, Wilmington.

J. Thomas Lowe, Little Rook.

Florida.

John Y. Detwiler, President, New Smyrna.

John G. Ruge, Secretary, Appalachicola.

Charles R. Walker, Sanford.

Georgia.
A. T. Dallis, Superintendent of Fisheries, . . .La Grange.

Idaho.

William V. Irons, Hagerman.

Iluxois.

Nathaniel H. Cohen, President, Urbana.

S. P. Bartlett, Secretary, Quincy.

Adolph Gartz, Chicago.

Indiana.

Z. T. Sweeney, Columbus.

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25.

173

Iowa.

Fish and Onme Warden,
George A. Lincoln, Cedar Rapids.

Kansas.
D.Trovin, Pratt.

#
4

Maine.

Inland Fisheries and Oame,

L. T. Carleton, Chairman, Winthrop.

Heniy 0. Stanley, Dixfield.

Edgar £. Ring, Orono.

Sea and Shore Fisheries.
A. R Nickerson, Boothbay Harbor.

Maryland.

Charles F. Brooks, Sandy Springs.

James D. Anderson, Deals Island.

Massachusetts.

George W. Field, Chairman, Sharon.

£dward A. Brackett, Winchester.

John W. Delano, Marion.

Office, State House, Boston.

Michigan.

F. B. Dickerson^ President, Detroit.

C. D. Joslyn, Detroit.

George M. Brown, Saginaw.

Seymour Bowers, Detroit.

George D. Muzzey, Secretary, Detroit.

Minnesota.

Oame and Fish,

Uri L. Lamprey, President, St. Paul.

W. P. Hill, Fairmount.

D. W. Meeker, Secretary, Moorhead.

H. G. Snoith, Winona.

B. F. Fullerton, St. Paul.

Missouri.
John W. Revelle, Lutesville.

. i^w^*i'^a' '■'^-1,1 ..^

174 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

Nebraska.

John H. Mickey, Lincoln.

New Hampshire.

Fish and Qame.

Nathaniel Wentworth, Chairman, Hudson Centre.

W. H. Shurtleff, . Lancaster.

C. B. Clark, • . . Concord.

New Jbrset.

Benjamin P. Morris, President, Long Branch.

R. T. Miller, Camden.

D. P. McClellan, Morristown.

P. H. Johnson, Bloomfield.

New York.

Forest, Fish and Game.

De Witt C. Middleton, Commissioner, .... Watertown.

John D. Whish, Secretary, Albany.

Ohio.

Fish and Qame.

J. Lyon Rogers, President, Colambus.

Paul North, Cleveland.

Duflf W. Greene, Dayton.

Thomas B. Paxton, Cincinnati.

George W. McCook, Steubenville.

George C. Blankner, Secretary, Columbus.

Oregon.

Governor, George E. Chamberlain, .... Salem.

Secretary of State, F. I. Dunbar, Salem.

1 State Treasurer, C. S. Moore, Salem.

\ H. G. Van Dusen, Master Fish Warden, . . Astoria.

Pennsylvania.

I Fisheries Commission.

S. B. Still well, President, Scranton.

W. E. Meehan, Secretary, Philadelphia.

H. C. Demuth, Treasurer, Lancaster.

John Hamberger, Erie.

James W. Correll, Easton.

Game Commission,

William M. Kennedy, President, Pittsburg.

C. K. Sober, Lewisburg.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 175

James H. Worden, Harrisburg.

William H. Myers, Williamsport.

Charles B. Penrose, Philadelphia.

J. 0. H. Denney, Ligonier.

Joseph Kalbfas, Secretary, Harrisburg.

Rhode Island.

Inland Fisheries,

Henry T. Root, Providence.

William P. Morton, Johnston.

J. M. K. Soathwick, Newport.

Charles W. Willard, Westerly.

Adelbert Roberts, Woonsocket.

Albert Davis Mead, Providence.

William H. Boardman, Central Falls.

Commissioners of Shell Fisheries,

James M. Wright, Foster.

Herbert N. Gardiner, . . . . . . Harrington.

Philip H. Wilbour, Little Compton.

George W. Hoxie, Charlestown.

John H. Northup, Warwick.

James C. Collins, Clerk, North Providence.

Commissioners of Birds.

John N. Flanagan, Providence.

W. Gordon Reed, 2d, Warwick.

Edwin R. Lewis, Westerly.

William H. Thayer, Bristol.

Alexander O'D. Taylor, Newport.

Utah.

John Sharp, Salt Lake City.

Vermont.

H. G. Thomas, Stowe.

£. A. Davis, Bethel.

VmoiNiA.

John W. Bowdoin, Chairman, Bloxom.

Seth F. Miller, Secretary, .... . . . Foster.

George B. Keezell, • . Keezelltown.

Henry M. Tyler, Richmond.

Robert J. Camp, Franklin.

176

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

Washdiqton.

Governor, Henry McBride, Olympia.

State Treasurer, C. W. Maynard, . , . . . Olympia.

T. R. Kershaw, Commissioner, ..... Whatcom.

Wisconsin.

Governor, Robert M. LaFoUette, ex officio, . . . Madison.

Edwin E. Bryant, President, Madison.

William J. Starr, Eau Claire.

Calvert Spensely, Treasurer, Mineral Point

James J. Hogan, La Crosse.

Henry D. Smith, Appleton.

Currie G. Bell. Bayfield.

Edward A. Birge, ex officio, Professor of Zoology,

University of Wisconsin, Secretary, .... Madison.

James Nevin, Superintendent, Madison.

WrOMING.

D. C. Nowlin, State Game Warden, .... L#ander.

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

177

[B.]
Distribution of Food Fish.

Brook Tbout.

Fry distributed from the Sutton Hatchery during the Months of April and

May, 1904,

Applicamt.

Name of Brook.

Town.

Number.

Alfred Re«d.

Little River, ....

Weatfleld,

4,000

L. H, Bowera, .

Jacks,

Weatfleld,

4,000

C. A. Pierce,

Cold Spring, ....

West field.

4,000

W.A. Sop«r, .

Great,

Weatfleld,

4,000

W.L.Nwh.

Mama,

Weetfleld,

4,000

L. C Cobaro,

Powder Mill

Weetfleld.

4,000

H. R.8Ulei,

Slab

Weatfleld,

4.000

W.E.Clark. .

Hollleter,

Weatfleld,

4,000

Bobert L. Soper.

Powder's Hollow, . ...

Weatfleld,

4,000

W. 8. Marsh, .

Timber Swamp

Weetfleld,

4,000

R. K. ADdrewt,

Great,

Weetfleld,

4,000

H.T.Snow,

Oak Orchard, . . . .

Weatfleld,

4,000

Marr«y C. Damoo, .

Mammoth,

Leomlneter,

10.000

Mnmy C. Damon, .

Heywarda,

Sterling, .

6,000

Morray C. Damon, .

Chlael

Lancaater,

6,000

E.T.CaDDlDgham, .

Greenbaah,

Lancaster,

4,000

Neltoo 8. True, .

Coyote,

Lancaater,

4,000

A. J. Ray, ....

Moor's,

Westminster, ,

6,000

J.E.Stewart, .

Weir Meadow, ....

Westminster,

6,000

F. N. Carpenter,

Tophet,

Westminster,

6,000

L.9.MUler.

Warren and Jobe*8eaver, .

Westminster, .

6,000

Cbarlea Qrlmee, .

Taney,

Hubbardston,

4,000

Stewart K. Pierce, .

Haamore,

Hubbardaton, ,

6,000

Charlen N. Dyer,

Hobbardaton, ....

Hubbardeton, .

6,000

B.P.Pierce. . .

Ragged Hill

Hubbardaton,

6,000

G.H.PIagg, . . .

Hosmer

Hubbardaton, ,

4,000

L.L.Mardock. .

Maaon,

Hubbardston, .

4,000

M.R.Ooddard, .

Cole Meadow, ....

Gardner, .

6,000

M.R.Ooddard, .

Ooprna Mines, ....

Gardner, .

6,000

W.H.Froft. . . .

BUenwood,

Athol,

6,000

W.H.Prort. . . .

Popple Camp, ....

Athol,

6,000

U.C.Needham. .

Parker,

Colebrook,

4,000

M.C.Needham. .

Bell

Barre,

4.000

WiliiaiD R. Spooner, .

Paige,

Barre,

4,000

Fnwjk Kdwarda, .

Carney and Ragglea, .

Barre,

4,000

C.P.Cowdry, .

Cattacoowamac, ....

Fitchbnrg,

8,000

n.H.Ramaey. .

Pool,

New Salem, .

4,000

Artbnr B. Fitch,

Thayer,

Palmer, .

4,000

J. P. Harlnett, .

Hartnett,

Palmer, .

4.000

J. P. Loman,

Law lor 's,

Palmer, .

4,000

A. D Norcroae, .

Conant,

Monaon, .

4,000

C. W. EKgleatOD,

8now,

North Brookfleld, .

8,000

Steams OroolKs, .

Mad,

North Brookfleld, .

8,000

Ix>nis Haroeae, .

Penny,

Brlmfleld,

4,000

F- X. Lawrence, .

Mill

Brimfleld,

4,000

W. U. Brigham, .

Stone,

Marlborough,

4,000

H. C. Badaon, .

Saw-mill,

Marlborough,

4.000

W. D. Tapper, .

Jerlco,

Marlborough, ,

4,000

0. H. Derry,

Clark and Gannett, .

Sharon, .

6.000

0. H. Derry,

D. FraniK Cfrane, .

Beayer Hole, ....

Bbaron, .

3,000

Char lea Brlgga, ....

Norton, .

4,000

C.V.Dudley, .

Burt,

Northbrldge, .

4,000

178

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

Fry distributed from the StUion HcUchery, etc. — Concluded.

Applicant.

M. H. Coffin,
W. L. Taft, .
George L. Gill, .
George B. Whitehead
George Pogue, .
Horace Adams, .
William F. Brown,
William Gillespie,
T. F. Mathews, .
K. J. Cole, .
N.J.Cole, .
C. L. Allen,
Dom Pocal, .
Walter H. Edgerly,
Fred H. Hill,
C. H.Laselle,
C. B. Bdwards, .
Murray J. Bowen,
Fred 8. Bonle, .
John W. Delano,

Name of Brook.

Town.

Nanber.

Purgatory, .

Poor Farm, .

Carpenter, .

McCracken and Hall, .

Carroll and George, .

Adams,

Cold Spring,

Despean,

Muddy,

Cemetery and Taylor,

Houghton*s, . .

Barber,

Goodell,

West Meadow, .

Sweden,

Burpee, • . . .

Ford's

Palmer River,
High Brook,
Doggett's, .

Northbrldge,
Nortbbridge,
Northbrldge,
Millbnry,
Grafton, .
Grafton, .
GraftOD, .
Grafton, .
Mendon, .
South Acton,
South Acton,
Worcester,
Southbridge,
West Bridgewater,
Attlebo rough.
Sterling, .
Franklin, .
Rehoboth,
West wood,
Rochester,

4,000

4,000
4.000
8,000
4,000
4.000
4,000
4,000
10,000
&.000
4.0U)
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4.000
4,000
4,000
4,000

S31,000

Fry distributed from the Winchester Hatchery during the Months of April

and May, 1904.

1, r^:

Charles B. Taylor,
L. A. White,
Frank W. Ames,

C. W. Ames,
George H. Damon,
E. E. Wood,

D. F. Mcintosh, .
Edward Payson,
Frank P. Slmonds,
Abbott S. Mitchell,
H. M. Munroe, .
C. A. Currier,

N. J. Hardy,
George P. Winn,.
A. C LaBreque,

E. 8. Farmer,

O. W. Whittemore,
A. 6. Harrimao, .
E. N. Schofield, .

A. L. Kobinaon, .
C. P. Abbott,
Edward N. Enmes,
Arthur E. Roberts,
E. A. Uarriii,
Joshua D. Upton,
Alva Morse,

B. F. Wilder,
Frank Shaw,
Caleb L. Smith, .
O. F Flies, .
Charles A. Luot,
B . J. Cnle, .
W. 8. Mitchell, .

A. H. Coffin,

B. B. Tlrrell,
8. Nickerson,
Luther Bailey, .
Henry A. Phillips,
Williara E. Badger,
M. E. Leahy,

W. F. Holmes, .
Clifford Poor, .
Clifford Poor, .

Cutler's,

Ames, ....

Keyes, ....

Reading,

Lincoln, . . .

Content,

Vine

Grassland, .

Slmonds',

Brown's,

Shaker Glen,

Vine, ....

Coz, ....

Beaver, ....

Winn

Merrlam,

Mill, ....

Read's,

Argella,

Greendale and Nash, .

Morrill,

Lubber's,

North, ....

Gould, ....

East

Penn, ....
Pengree Farm, .
Blodgett,

Blind

Smallpox, .

Tan House, .

Hawk's,

Fuller's,

Alewlfe,

Old Swamp, .

Herring,

Shaving,

Herring,

Prospect and Hoods, .

Long, ....

Monatiquot, .

Brandy brow and Snow,

Pearl

Wobum, .

Wobum, ,

Woburn, .

Blllerica, .

Bedford, .

Liezington,

Lexington,

Winchester,

Belmont, .

Blllerica, .

Arlington,

Groveland,

Wilmington,

Reading, .

Georgetown,

Chelmsford,

Salisbury,

Rowley, .

Methuen, .

Middleton,

Gloucester,

Weymouth,

Chatham, .

Mlddleborough

Harwich, .

Tewkubury,

Randolph,

ELandolph,

Haverhill,

Boxford, .

4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000

4.«ie

4,000
4.000
4,000
4,000
4,000

4,tW
4,000

4,'>30
4,000
4,000
4,000
5,000
6.000
8.000
4,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,ft)0

4,0^
4,iV0
4,000
4.t«0
4,0«
4.i>.«

4.000

s.*io

8,500
4.M5
8,itf

S.0«

a,oiX'

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 25.

179

Fry distribtUedfrani the Winchester Hatchery, etc. — Concluded.

APPLICAHT.

Name of Brook.

Town.

Number.

Alb«rt W. Lewli,
Oeorge L. HontooD,
J.E.tfllli, .
Frank M. CtuM,
Siaoley A. Aldrieh,
Dana C. Ererett,
Nathan B. Everett,
A. H. Gardner, .
George P. MeCann,
U. A. Cuooiminge,
Samuel Hyde,

Noquochoke,

Double,

Golden CoTe,

KJrby, .

(JopicDt,

Ledge, .

Corwell,

Sblngle leland, .

Moitaer'a,

Bread and Cheese,

Cress, .

West port,
Drscut, .
Chelmsford,
Weskport,
Fall Klver,
Assonet. .
Central Village,
Hlcksvllle,
Freetown,
Westport,
Fall River,

3,»)0
4.U00
4,000
3,600
3,500
3,600
8,600
3,600
3,600
3,600
8,600

203,600

Fry disirilnUed Jram the EadUy Hatchery during the Months of April and

May, 1904.

J. p. Page, .

J. L Page, . .

Edvard B. Dleklnson

A. F, Bardwell, .
T. F. Buckley, .
J.B.Page, . .

B. £. Bliss, .

A. W. Hoffman, ,
Oeorge Hoffman,
P. K. While,
Charles H. Sawyer,
Samuel Spencer,
Thomas Abeam,
Louis Gaylor, .
Edward Miller, .
PeierMcHogb, .
JoKph D. Poontaine,
Joseph D. FoontaiDe,
H B. Bailey, .
John Robertson,
William A. Barber,
Edfirsrd J. Brannigan
E.W.Lswton, .
H. Pf . Plftherdlck,
I>enni* P. Shea. .
P. E. Hswkes, .
W. A. Smith, .
John Doherly, .
J. J. Drltcoll, .
M. e. Walsh, .
A. F. Dubuque, .
J. R B«aadoln, .
Joel Martin,
i^oos W. Boise, ,
OeofRe W. Fowler,
William H. Fowler,
George A. Smith,
H.fi.Day, . !
A.P.Pierce,

Dickinson,

Taylor, . . . . • .

Russell,

Pelham,

Maple,

Elmer,

Leaping Well, . . . .
Leaping Well, . . . .

Buttery,

Stony,

Broad,

Robert's Meadow,

Ahearn,

Parsons,

Loudville River, . . . .
Running Ontter, . . . .
Punch and Bardwell, . •

George Nos. 1 and 2, .
Bennett's Meadow,

Morey,

Green,

Newton,

Muddy,

Flat.

BIwell. ......

Rogers,

Packard,

Highland

Wlllimansett, . .
Cooley, . . . .

Fuller,

Poor,

Black and Gibbs,
Potash and Freeland, .

Kenney,

Skunk

Ward lot,

Dry, . . .

Day,

Amherst, .
Amherst, .
Sunderland,
Montague,
South Hadley,
South Hadley,
South Hadley,
South Hadley.
South Hadley,
South Hadley,
Northampton,
Northampton,
Sunderland,
Baethampton,
Easthampton,
Hatfield. .
Greenfield.
Shelburne,
Greenfield,
Ley den, .
Leyden, .
Hnrdwick,
Ware,
Ware,
Hardwlck,
Goshen, .
Goshen, .
Goshen, .
Chicopee.
Cbicopee.
Chicopee,
Chicopee,
BIwndford,*
Russell,* .
Chester,* .
Chester,* .
Chester,* .
Chester,* .
Chester,* .

6,000
6.000
6.000
6.000
6.000
6,000
6,000
6.000
6.000
5,000
5,000
6,000
6.000
6,000
6,000
6,000
10,000
10,000
6,000
6,000
5,000
6,000
5.000
5,000
5,000
6,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5.000
5,000
5,000
10,000
6,000
5.000
5.000
5,000
5,000
5,000

210,000

* The Blandford, Russell and Cheater lota were all brown trout.

180

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

Fry distribtUed from the Adams Hatchery during the Months of April and

May, 1904,

Applicant.

Name of Brook.

To WD.

Number.

4,000
5,'JOO
10,'WO
5,000
5,000

5,000

10,'M)

10,000

IS.Oi'O

lO.fW

5,C*!U

5,iM)

lO.OCO

5,000

5,00(1

5,I>H

5,0i«

5,.W

5,000

5,006

5,0^.'
15.000

lo.oa

5,000
5,000
5,00fl

9,aov
io,(«o

5.000
J10,000

William A. Burns,
William K. Henry,
William K Henry,
James M. Bams,
H. W. Larabee, .
Edward H. Pratl,
Edward H. Pratt,
8. Q. Tenney,
Wiilard B Koyk,
W. S. Qabb,
W. 8. Qabb,
W. S. Hathaway,
L. H. Randall, .
F. H. Pierce,
F. H. Fierce,

B. L. Bird, . .
W. M. Niles,
L.J Hall, .
CI. Leslie,

F. W. Wbitlock,
Edgar R. Gillett,
A. B. Sumner, .
Francis O'Neil, .
Francis O'Neil. .
George F. 8ayles,
William F. MarUn,
H. B. Burdicic, .
F. L Snow,

C. H Sage, .
L. B. Moore,

Yokum,

Unctaamett, .

Brattle and Saokett,

Tokam,

Cold Rlyer, .

Sherman and Tunnel*

McNamara,

Sweet, .

Buxton,

Clark, Cole and Bbaw,

Crosby and Buxton,

Storks, .

Drowned Land,

Pierce and Torrey,

Steep Bank,

Hollis. .

Bozrab,

Rice, .

Benton,

Clam, .

Read, .

Underwood*

Topbot, Miller and Dry,

Fisk and Bassett,

Dry,

Mark Jenke,
McDonald, .
Whitford Rock,
Konkapot, .
Hop, .

Richmond,

Pittsfield,

Piitofleld,

Lenox,

Florida. .

North Adams,

Wllliamstown,

Williamstown,

Cammlngton,

Cummington,

Savoy,

Sayoy,

Windsor, .

Charlemont,

Otis, .

Sandisfleld,

Heath,

Adams, .

Adams,

Adams, .

Cheshire, .

Great Barrington,

Tyrlngham,

Finger ling Brook Trout Plants.

•i

■

Charles Grimes, .
Henry H. Hollock,
G.H.Flagg,
A. C. Murdock, .
Geo. F. Parsons,
C.L.Allen,.
John F. Daniels, .
Frank L. Pike, .
C. F. Oowdry, .
Dom Pocal, .
Joseph P. Love, .
W. L. Taft, .
Geo. L. Gill.
C.V.Dudley, .
M. H. Coffin,
Michael J. Shea, .
A. B. Snow,
A. D. Putnam, .
J. S. Amen, . •
Chas. A. Brown,.

A. W. Pratt,
Myron R. Goddard,
L. J. McKnight, .
F. J. Pierce,
Allen G. Buttrick.

B. T. Cunningham,
Nelson S. True, .
Geo. W. Cook, .
J. F. Barrett,
John S. Rice,
William F. Brown,
George Pogue, .
William Gilllsple,
Charles Adams, .
Horace Adams, .
C.S.Howe,.

Cook, .

Tanyard,

Hosmer,

Mason, . .

Natty, .

Weasel,

Nigger and Streeter,

Richardson Stevens,

Mulpus,

Walker,

Potash and Freeman,

Poor Farm, .

Daniel Day, .

Prentiss,

South Street,

Howe, . •

Newell, .

Lovewells, .

Ragged Hill,

Bailey, .

HubbardstoD,

French, . .

Reed, .

Four Palds, .

Green bush, .

Coyote, .

Mullet, .

Paige, .

Paige and Prince,

Cold Spring,

George and Carroll,

Despeau, .

Misco, .

Adams, . .

Whiting,

Hubbardeton,

HnbbardstOD,

Habbardston,

Hubbardston,

Worcester,

Pazton, .

Charlton, .

Fltchburg,

Souihbrldge,

Webster, .

Northbrldge,

Warren, .

Spencer, .

Hubbardston,

Gardner, .

Templeton,

Gardner, .

Lancaster,

Barre,

Grafton, .

North Brookfleld,

90
200

»
300

300
SB
»0
500

9»
900
400
90
500

300
JOB

joe

soo

3»
>»

>«

¥f

JflF

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

181

Fingerling Brook Trout Plants — Continued.

Appucaxt.

Name of Brook.

Town.

Number.

Snett h. Cor bio,
C. L. Bush, .
Bteveos Crooks, .
G. W.CowiM, .
C.E.Bill*, .

J. B. llMkiDfl, .

C. H. Clark,
J 0. 8. Uackley,
C. H. UMeUe, .
Geo. P. Prevear, .
Geo. F. Prereftr, .
Geo. P. Prevear,
M.C.Wood,
W. G. Koiberham,
H. J. Sawyer,
J. M. HlKto, .
Frederick Bpeooer,
J. ^ Oatbooae, .
John P. Hood, .
0. W. Wright, .
Cbaa. H. KoberUoD,
fi. A. AthertOD, .
C.E.BaM, .
C. H. Roaaell, .
Michael 8Uva, .
HeDry A. Barton,
P. H. Clarriaey, .
Wm.e. Carey, .
F. N. Oroeebeck,

E. W. Htoekwell,
J. 8. Moore,
FrtDk C. Backne,
J. K. Morgan,

F. W. Whlilock,
C.J. LeeHe,

H 8. Dean,
Geo D. Ureggory,
H.S.MaDleyr .
F. M. 8mUh,
F.E While.
A. W. Hoffman, .
8.8. BliM, .
GtK). Hoffman, .

E. B. Diekenaon,
•J.F.Page, .

C. F. Branch,
T 8. Pa«e, . .
C. L. Lyman,
M. L. 8omborger,
Geo. F. Pearaon,
Albert A. dmltta,
Caleb L. Smith, .
H. W. Boynton, .
Wm. A. Lang. .
Cba. M. Griffin,
F.A Griffin. .
G«o. W. Olcott, .

C. N. Hargravee,

F. R. Newton, .
F. B. Barrett,

H. P. ADdrewe, .
Wm. Whiimore,
Frank L. Blood, .
H.C. Wheeler, .
J. F Piper, .
J. F. P^Per, .
W.A.Kemp,
Cbaa. M. Kimball,

D. L. Ball. .
W.S.Sheldon, .
LoDic Uarnees, .
F. N. Lawrence, .
A. D. Norcroas, .
A. D. Norcroaa, .
A. D. Norcroea, .
John P. Loman, .

Town Farm,

Mad, .

Kent Meadow,

White, .

Bodlah, .

Allen, .

Pieroe, .

Oagood,

Hey ward, .

Fort Pond, .

Maasapoag, .

SampaoD,

Drake, .

Apple Valley,

Bear RWer, .

Clark, .

Avery, .

Fall River, .

Branch of Swift RiTer

Hlbbard,

Fall River, .

Mount Oraee,

Thatcher,

WaeonaFalia,

Bt-nton,

Cady, .

Cleveland, .

Benton,

Umpacheenee*

Bltae, .

Bhaker,

Jaeschke,

Oreen River,

Green River,

Pegnr, .

Bmlth, . .

Moreley,

BHcbelor,

Leaping Well,

Btony, .

Goepeif

Kellogg,

Taylor,

Baat Street, .

Rnaaeil,

Diekenaon, .

Mooae, .

Joe Wright,

Black, .

Golden Cove,

Blind, .

McClnree,

Wright,

Great, .

Mine, .

Woods,

Rattlesnake,

Bo wd Itch, .

Baiting,

Hog,

Cherry,
Baddacook, .
Virginia Road,
Pearl Hill, .
Barberry and Bixby,
Nokee,

Taylors,
Becond Division
Trap Falls, .
Penney,
Mill, .
Conant,
Conant,
Toby, . .
Lao lore,

North Brookflel

d, . 200

North Brooktlel

d, . 200

North Brookael

d, . 200

West Brookfieh

i, . 200

West Brookfieh

1, . 200

West Brookfieh

1, . 200

West Brookfieh

i, . 200

West Brookfieh

i, . 200

Lancaster,

200

Lunenburg,

800

Shirley, .

300

Shirley, .

400

Ware, .

200

AahUeld, .

200

Aahfield, .

200

Conway, .

200

Bockland,

200

Charlemont, .

200

Gill, .

200

New Balem, .

200

Ley den, .

200

Bernardston, .

200

Warwick,

200

Greenfield,

200

Dalton, .

. 1

Dalton, .

. . V 1,200

Dalton, .

Dalton, .
New Marlboroi

igh, . 200

West Stookbric

Ige, . 200

Hancock, .

200

Adams,

200

Great Barrlngt

on, . 200

Great Barringt

on, . 200

Great Barrlngt

on, . 200

Bandisfield, .

200

Bandisfleld,

200

Booth Hadley,

400

South Hadley,

200

South Hadley,

200

South Hadley,

200

South Hadley,

200

Amherst, .

200

Amherst, .

200

Amherst, .

200

Amherst, .

200

Southampton,

200

Williamsburg,

200

Lowell. .

200

Chelmsford,

200

Chelmsford,

200

Chelmsford,

200

Chelmsford,

200

Westford,

200

Westford,

200

BiUerica, .

200

South Framing

bam, 200

South Framing

ham, 200

South Framing

ham, 200

Hudson, .

200

WestoD, .

200

Groton, .

200

Concord, .

200

Townsend,

•iOO

TowDseod,

200

Pepperell,

200

South Acton,

400

Concord Junct

ion, . 200

Aabby,

200

WestBrimfieh

d, . 200

West Brlmflel

d. . 200

Wales, .

200

Monson, .

200

Monson, .

200

Palmer, .

200

182

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

Fingerling Brook Trout Plants — Concluded.

Applicant.

Name of Brook.

Town.

Nomber.

Arthurs. Fitch,.
M.H. Waleh, .
Ja0 R. Beaudolo,
Robert L. Soper,
W. A. Soper,
H. R. Siilee,
Alfred Read,
W. E Clark,
R. K. Uollister, .
C. A . Pierce,
H. T. Snow,
W.J. Morton, .
O. T. Fllei, .
W. F. Holmee, .
M. E. Leahy,
J. E. Emeraon, .
O. H. Derry,
N. B Everett, .
A. W. Lewie,
N. H. Wood, .
M.J. Bo wen,
M. A. Cumrolnge,
W. C. Woodward,
W. C. Woodward,
Stanley Aldrich,
Geo. T. Parker, .
I«aac V. Braley,
F. B. Trunchey,
Cha«. F. Pfelflfer,
Oeo. H. Sweetman,
F. MCarthy,
G.W. Piper,
David a. Wheelton,
Clifford Poor, .
Cha*. A. Lant, .
F. M. Palmer.
Abbot S. Coffin, .
T. J. FitZKerald,
C. P. Abbot,
A. C Groves,
Henry W. Uill, .
F. L. Biebee,
W. H. Thayer, .
L. W. Sears,
Henry Bnssett, .
W. H. Frost,
F. L Hager,
Louis H. Ruggles,
Timothy Page, .
Wm. G. Rice, .
Chas. H. Sawyer,
Wm. G. Bassett,
Peter McHugb, .
Arthur Day,
Kdward Miller, .
Philip Lnngdcn, .
Samuel Spencer,.
Louis F. Gaylor,
Chas. A. Foster,
Wm. H. Carter, .
James DriscoU, .
F.n. Pierce,
F. N. Hasklns, .
J. E. Ctidagon, .
O. H. Sage, .
Fred U. Miller, .
P. M. Woodward,
Chas. Cummlngs,
Cyrus Borton,
James J. Driscoll,
J F. Hartnett, .
Chas. Sugden,
Claude A. Tarbox,
Seth Damon,

Thayer,

Cooley,

Poor, .

Blat,

Powder Mill,

Timber Swamp,

White, .

Cold Spring,

Holllsier, .

Mums, .

Oak Orchard,

Jacks, .

Smallpox, .

Nonatlquol, .

Noraway, .

Woodwards,

Beaver Hole,

Ledge, .

Noquochoke,

Tuckers,

Branch of Palmer River,

Bread and Cheese,

Fall and Shearing,

Raven and Bennettf,

Mothers,

Acuehnet,

Keenes,

Noanel,

Clay, .

Smith, .

Hawks,

Fosters,

Wheeltons,

Pearl, .

Tanhouse,

Cuba, .

Alewlfe,

Woods.

Mill, .

Blake and BuUard,

Bradford,

Farnsworth,

Hunt, .

Hartwell,

Brigham,

North, .

Moose, .

Powers,

Stevens,

Broad, .

Roberts Meadow,

Running Gutter,

Lead Mine, .

Pomeroy,

Sandy Hill, .

Turkey Hill,

Parsons,

LoudviUe, west branch,

Loudvllle, east branch,

Tyler, .

Savoy branch,

Hasklns,

McDonald,

Konkapol,

Beechwood,

Black Fly.

Woburn,

Black, .

Willimansett,

Hartnett,

Ludden,

Wheeler,

Mill River,

Palmer, .

Chlcopee,

Chloopee,

Weatfleld,

West field,

Weatfleld, ,

Westfield,

Weatfleld,

Westfleld,

Salisborv,

Randolph,

Franklin, .

Sharon, .

VVestport,

Westport,

Norton, .

Reboboth,

Fall River,

Middieborongb,

Middleborongh,

Asaonet, .

Acushnet,

Acnshnet,

Dover,

Bedford, .

Methuen,

Mlddleton,

Boxford, .

Rowley, .

North Andover,

Gloucester,

Andover, .

Groveland,

Middlefield,

Williamsburg,

Huwley, .

Charlemont,

Orange, .

Bald win vllle, .

Hardwick,

Worthlngton, .

Northampton, .

Hatfield, .

Easthampton, .

Northampton, .

Westhampton,

Windsor, .

Savov.

Cheshire, .

Great Barrlngton,

Hlngham,

Medway, .

Woburn, .

Lowell, .

Chlcopee,

Palmer, .

Spencer, .

B\' field, .

Weymouth,

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. '

183

Pottds restocked, 1904.

Namx or Pond.

Town.

Brown Trout
Flngerlinga.

Pike Perch
Pry.

Landlocked
Smelt Bgga.

Adult
Brook
Trout.

North, ....
Foreit Lake,
RooDd, ....
MaMapoag, .
Spectacle, .

Fort

Qaabbln Lake, .
Laorel Lake,

WWle

Hampioo,

Chaaba oagnngamaug.
Pearl Lake, .
Cranberry, .

Roek

Neck

Orange, .
Palmer,
Palmer, .
Oroton,
Littleton, .
Littletou, .
Oreenwlcta,

J-ivOf • • •

Concord, .
Weetfleld,
Webater, .
Wrentham,
Spencer, .
Gfieorgetown, .
Barnatable,

1,000

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

1,000

800.000
800,000
800,000
800,000
300,000
800,000
800,000

2,000,000
S,000,000

2,000,000
2,000,000

2,000,000
2,000,000
4,000,000

180
112

6,000

2,100,000

10,000,000

242

Ponds stocked but not closed, 1904.

Nun OY POKD.

Town.

Rainbow Trout
Flngerlinga.

Adult Brook
Trout.

Hooaicwhlaick, ....
Lake Qoineigamond,

Blue Hill reeervation, .
Worcester, ....

1,000

Fonds stocked and closed in Accordance wUh Section 19 <, Chapter 91, Re-
vised Laws, 1904.

Njois of Pond.

Town.

Brown Trout
Flngerlinga.

Rainbow
Trout

Landlocked
Salmon

Pike
Perch

Flngerlinga.

Fry.

Maaaapoag, .

Sharon,

600,000

Pleaaant,

Weotaam, .

300,000

Long

Tewkabury, .

800,000

LoDg and Little Long,

Plymoutta,

1,000

800,000

Greal, ....

North Andover,

1,000

•.

QoaDoapowltt,
Packard,

Wakefield,

1,000

Orange,

1,200

Baddacook, .

Oroton, .

1,000

Forett Lake,

Palmer,

1,000

Sheep, ....

B re water, .

1,000

Bakera, ....

Orleana, .

1,000

—

Gooie, ....

ChaUiam, .

1,000

Long, ....

Freetown, .

1,000

Great Herring,

Plymouth,

1,000

BilltDgton Sea,

Plymouth,

1,000

—

5,000

0,000

1,200

1,600,000

184 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

[C]
Distribution of Pheasants,

Pheasants were liberated in the covers in various sections of

the State, as indicated in the following list, which also em-
braces the names of applicants for birds : —

A. J. PuringtoD, Palmer.

Dr. Frederick H. Saunders, Westfield.

A. H. Jefts, Athol.

Clarence C. Russell, Greenfield.

Rufus B. Dodge, Worcester.

Heman S. Cheney, Southbridge.

£. J. Norman, Lee.

F.F.Baldwin, HopkintoD.

F. W. Smitli, South Hadley.

Oliver H. Derry Sharon.

£. B. Sherman, Franklin.

Selectmen, Bridgewater.

H. H. Gabeler, Worcester.

C. C. Russell, Greenfield.

C. F. Cowdrey, Fitchborg.

S. G. Poole, Gloucester.

C. M. Kimball, South ActOD.

William Trautman, Ballardyale.

Edward Joyce, Lawrence.

LfOuis P. Howe, Marlborough.

Hon. G. H. Doty, Waltham.

Hon. Sanborn G. Tenney, Williamstown.

John M. Van Huyck, North Adams.

F. S. Stockwell, Millbury.

A. D. Barnes Southbridge.

Cbas. M. Kimball South Acton.

Henry P. Andrews, Hudson.

Frnest N. Schofield, Groveland.

F. C. Johnson, East Saugus.

Thomas Williams, Attleboroagh.

Henry M. Knowles, New Bedford.

S M. Fuller Rock.

W. F. Holmes, M.D., Randolph.

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 185

Walter H. Edgerly, Bridgewater.

J. M. Burke, Provincetown.

C. F. Lynch, Lawrence.

Bernard J. Callahan, Lowell.

James £. Bums, Lowell.

Franklin S. Stockwell, West Millbury.

Henry L. Crane, Bridgewater.

Fred S. Lufkin, Gloucester.

W. H. Reynolds, Braintree.

186

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

[D.]
Distribution of Belgian Hares.

A. J. PuringtoD, Palmer.

Andrew Bryson, Ware.

James F. Soott, Ballardvale.

Edward Miller, Northampton.

F.M.Smith, Sooth Hadley Falls.

C. M. Fettingill, Cummington.

Leo Clark, Millville.

P. A. Dowd, Worcester.

F. H. Saunders, Westfield.

W. H. Frost, Athol.

£. B. Sherman, Franklin.

Oliver H. Derry, Sharon.

W. H. Reynolds, Braintree.

Edward Shattuck, Andover.

Thomas Le Saeur, Gloucester.

Ezra O. Bradford, Athol.

Thomas B. Rounds, Somerset.

Fred H. Hill, Attleborough.

F. C. Johnson, East Saugus.

Henry M. Knowles, New Bedford.

James M. Burke, Provincetown.

Hon. Sanborn G. Tenney, .... Williamstown.

Edwin C. Hotchkiss, Gloucester.

Charles M. Kimball, South Acton.

Edward Miller, Northampton.

A. H. Jefts, Athol.

Leo Clark Millville.

F. H. Saunders, Westfield.

Edward W. Hunt, Weymouth.

E. H. Morse, Petersham.

W. N. Frost, Athol.

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

187

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PUBLIC DOCUMEMT — No. 25.

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FISH AND GAME.

[Dec\

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n New Bedford,,
n New Bedford, .
in New Bedford, .
n New Bedford, .
in New Bedford, .
in New Bedford,,
n New Bedford,,
in New Bedford, .
n New Bedford, .
n New Bedford,,
n New Bedford, .
n New Bedford, .
n New Bedford, ,

• • • • >
.ord's day, .
.ord's day, .
.ord's day, .
rord's dav, .
it chased deer, .
. chased deer,
; chased deer,
chased deer,
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Louis Dion,* .
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Philip Gogan.*
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Michael McNiff, .
James E. Worcester,
Ernest Shelters,
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1901.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

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[F.]
Legislation.

Acts of 1904.

[Ghaptbb 116.]

An Act to authorize the taking of shiners for bait in the

connecticut river during certain months.
Be U enacted, etc., as follows :

SicnoN 1. SectioQ eighty-one of chapter ninety-one of the Re-
vised Laws is hereby amended by striking out the word "river",
in the third line, and inserting in place thereof the words : — and
ConnecticQt rivers, — so as to read as follows : — Section 81 . During
November and December any person may, for the purpose of taking
Bhiners for bait, draw a net or seine at any point in the Merrimac and
Connecticut rivers except within four hundred yards of any fishway ;
and if any other fish so caught are immediately returned alive to the
waters from which they were taken, the penalties prescribed in sec-
tions forty-six, forty-seven, forty-nine, seventy-eight and seventy-
nine shall not apply to the taking of such fish.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [^Approved
February 27^ 1904.

[Ghaptbb 118.]
An Act relative to fisheries in the waters of pleasant bay

ANB its tributaries IN THE TOWN OF ORLEANS.

Bt it enacted, etc, as follows :

Section 1. No purse or sweep seines, set nets or gill nets, for
the taking of fish shall be set, drawn, used or maintained in the
waters of Pleasant bay or its tributaries in the town of Orleans ; but
nothing herein contained shall be construed to forbid or make unlaw-
fnl the maintaining of traps, pounds or weirs under licenses granted
in accordance with section one hundred and sixteen of chapter
ninety-one of the Revised Laws.

Section 2. Any person who shall set, draw, use or maintain a
purse or sweep seine, set net or gill net in violation of this act shall
be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred nor more than five

200 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

hundred dollars, or by impriaonmeiit for a term not exceeding six
months.

Section 3. Chapter one hundred and sixty- three of the acts of
the year nineteen hundred and one is hereby repealed.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage. {^Approved
February 27, 1904.

[Ghaptrb 132.]

An Act to authorize the arrest withoitt warrant of persoxs

UNLAWFULLY FISHING IN PALHER'S RIYER.

Be it enacted^ etc.^ (is follows :

Section 1. Th^ sheriff of the county of Bristol or any of hu
deputies, or any constable or fish warden of either of the towns of
Swansea and Rehoboth, may without a warrant arrest any person
whom he finds in the act of taking herring, alewives or shad from the
waters of Palmer's river in either of said towns in violation of tlie
provisions of chapter one hundred and thirty of the acts of the year
eighteen hundred and thirty-six, or of chapter ninety-two of the acts
of the year eighteen hundred and fifty-two, and may detain such per-
son in a place of safe keeping until a warrant can be procured upon
a complaint against him for said offence : provided, that the detention
without a warrant shall not exceed twenty-four hours.

Section 2. Whoever violates the provisions of either of said
chapters shall, in addition to the forfeitures therein provided, forfeit
the seines or nets used in such unlawful taking of herring, alewives
or shad. [^Approved March 6, 1904.

[Chaptbb 176.]

An Act to provide for better protection of birds and wild

animals on the lord*s dat.

Be it enacted^ etc.^ as follows :

Section one of chapter ninety-two of the Revised Laws is hereby
amended by inserting after the word '^ birds ", in the second line, tbe
words: — wild animals, — and by striking out all after the words
* liable to", in the third line, and inserting in place thereof tbe
words : — a penalty of not less than ten nor more than twenty dollais
in addition to any penalties for taking, killing or having in posses-
sion birds, wild animals or game protected by law, — so as to read as
follows : — Section 1. The Lord's day shall be close season. Who-
ever hunts or destroys birds, wild animals or game of any kind on
the Lord's day shall be liable to a penalty of not less than ten nor

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 201

more than twenty dollars in addition to any penalties for taking, kill-
ing or having in possession birds, wild animals or game protected by,
law. [Approved March 22^ 1904,

[Ghaptkr 223.]

An Act eklative to the taking of black bass.
Be U enacUd^ etc., as follows :

SEcnoN 1. Section sixty-nine of chapter ninety-one of the Re-
vised Laws, relative to the taking of black bass, is hereby repealed.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [Approved
AprU .9, 1904.

[Chaptbb 232. J

An Act to permit the taking of alewives or herring in hum-
mock POND IN the island OF NANTUCKET.

Be U enacted^ ele.^ as follows :

Section 1 . The inhabitants of the island of Nantucket may take
alewives or herring with seines or nets in Hummock pond, south of the
bridge in the said island, from the tenth day of March to the thirty-
first day of May, inclusive, in each year ; but all fish, other than
alewives or herring, caught or taken in such seines or nets shall
immediately be put back in the water whence they were taken.

Section 2. Any person violating the provisions of this act, by
failing to put back immediately as aforesaid fish other than alewives
or herring caught or taken as aforesaid, shall be punished by a fine
of not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars.

Section 3. So much of section twenty-six of chapter ninety-one
of the Revised Laws as is inconsistent herewith is hereby repealed.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [Approved
April J5, 1904.

[Ghaptbr 269.]

An Act to provide for the protection and cultivation of qua-

HAUGS in the towns of EA8THAM, ORLEANS AND WELLFLEET.

Be it enacted^ elc.^ as follows :

Section 1. No person shall take quahaigs from their natural
beds, or wilfully obstruct or interfere with such natural beds, within
tbe towns of Eastham, Orleans and Wellfieet, except as hereinafter
provided.

Section 2. No inhabitant of said towns shall sell or offer for sale
little neck clams or quahaugs which measure less than one and one

202 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

half iDches acroes the widest part, and no person shall in any of aaid
towns sell or offer for sale little neck clams or qnahangs which measare
less than one and one half inches across the widest part.

Section 8. The selectmen of any one of said towns may give to
any inhabitants of any of said towns permits in writing to take qua-
haugs from their beds in the town which the selectmen represent, at
snch times, in such quantities and for such uses as they shall deem
expedient. Such permits shall be good for such time as the select-
men may determine, not exceeding one year. Any inhabitant of the
Commonwealth may without such permit take from the natural beds
in said towns quahaugs for the use of his family, not exceeding in
quantity one bushel, including shells, in any one day ; and any fisher-
man may without such permit take quahaugs from the natural beds in
his own town for bait for his own use, not exceeding in quantity one
bushel, including shells, in any one day.

Section 4. The selectmen of the said towns may, in their respec-
tive towns, grant licenses or permits for such periods, not exceeding
two years, and under such conditions as they may deem proper, not
however covering more than seventy-five feet square in area, to any
inhabitants of the town to bed quahaugs in any waters, flats and
creeks within the town at any place where there is no natural qaahaog
bed, not impairing the private rights of any person or materiallj
obstructing any navigable waters. It shall be unlawful for any
person, except the licensee and his agents, to take any quahaugs in
or remove them from the territory covered by any such license.

Section 5. Whoever violates any provision of this act or of any
regulation made by the selectmen under authority hereof shall be
punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or by
imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine
and imprisonment.

Section 6. So much of section eighty-five of chapter ninety-one
of the Revised Laws as is inconsistent herewith shall not apply to the
said towns.

Section 7. This act shall take effect in any of said towns only
upon its acceptance by a majority of the voters thereof present and
voting thereon at a meeting called for the purpose. [^Approved April
28 y 1904.

[Ghaptkb 282.]

An Act relative to the propagation ajto cultivation of

shellfish.
Be it encuUedf etc., asfoUotva :

Section 1 . Cities by a two thirds vote of each branch of the city
council in cities having a common council and a board of aldermen,

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 203

or by a two thirds vote of the board of aldermen in cities not having
a common council , and towns by a two thirds vote of the voters
present and voting thereon at any town meeting called for the pur-
pose, may appropriate money for the cultivation, propagation and
protection of shellflsh. The mayor and aldermen of cities, and the
selectmen of towns, when so authorized by their respective cities and
towns, may declare from time to time a close season for shellfish for
DOt more than three years in such waters or flats within the limits of
their respective cities and towns as they deem proper, and may plant
aDd grow shellfish in such waters and flats : provided^ that no private
rights are impaired; and provided^ further^ that when any close
season, declared as aforesaid, shall have ended, the flats and waters
so closed shall be opened subject to the provisions of section eighty-five
of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws, and of any special laws.

Section 2. Whoever takes shellfish in violation of the provisions
of this act shall forfeit not less than three nor more than fifty dollars.
Any officer qualified to serve criminal process, and special constables,
designated under the provisions of section one hundred and thirty-
four of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws, shall have power to
enforce the provisions of this act, with all the powers conferred by
said section.

Section 3. District courts and trial justices shall have concurrent
jurisdiction with the superior court of all ofl'ences under this act.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [^Approved
April 30, 1904.

[Chaftbr 301.]

An Act to PERBnT the taking of bait in the waters op the

town of edgartown.
Bt U enacted, etc., as follows :

Section 1. The selectmen of the town of Edgartown, or any two
of them, may issue to any inhabitant of said town holding a permit
for the taking of eels by means of pots, permits for the taking of
bait for his own use only from the waters of said town by means of
nets or seines. Such permits shall not be issued for the use of nets
or seines more than one hundred and fifty feet long, or of a size of
mesh of more than three fourths of an inch, and shall be issued for
the taking of such bait only between the first day of June and the
fifteenth day of December in each year. The provisions of this act
shall not affect the rights of the persons designated in section twenty-
three of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws, or the corporate
rights of any fishing company.
Section 2. So much of section one hundred and twenty-seven of

204 FISH AND GAME. [I)e<-.

chapter ninety-ooe of the Revised LawB and of any other act as is
incoDflisteDt herewith is hereby repealed.

Section 3. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [Apprtrnd
May 6y 1904.

[Chaptkb 308.]

An Act to provide further for the protection of fish w

PONDS.

Be it enacUd^ etc.^ as follows :

Section twenty-six of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Lavs, ss
amended by chapter two handred and ninety-fonr of the acts of tbe
year nineteen hundred and three, is hereby further amended by strik-
ing out the whole of said section and inserting in place thereof tbe
following : — Section 26, Whoever draws, sets, stretches or oses t
drag net, set net, purse net, seine or trawl, or whoever sets or uses
more than ten hooks for fishing, in any pond, or aids in so doiDg,
shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty nor more than
fifty dollars. The provisions of Ibis section shall not affect the
rights of riparian proprietors of ponds mentioned in section twenty-
three or the corporate rights of any fishing company. [^Approved
May 6, 1904.

[Chaptbb 319.]

An Act to provide for the election of fish wardens by the

town of ed6art0wn.

Be U enacted^ etc., as follows :

Section 1. The town of Edgartown is hereby authorize<1 to
choose at any annual town meeting, or at any meeting duly called
for the purpose, fish wardens, in such number and with such compen-
sation as the town may determine, who shall be sworn to the faitbful
discharge of their duty, which shall be to enforce the fishery laws in
that town ; and for this purpose the fish wardens so chosen shall
have the powei's which the district police now have or shall hereafter
have for tbe enforcement of the fishery laws of the Commonwealth.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [^Approved
May 9y 1904.

[Chapter 321.]

An Act further to protf.ct and perpetuate a certain alewifi

fishery in the town of sandwich.
Be it enacted^ etc., as follows :

Section 1. Levi S. Nye and John A. Holway, their heirs and
assigns, shall have for the term of ten years from the date of tht

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 205

passage of this act, the exclusive right to take and catch alewives in
the stream known as '^ Mill River", from its sources in the ^' Shawme
Lakes or Ponds", so-called, through the marshes in the town of
Sandwich to the waters of Cape Cod bay : provided^ that the said
Nye and Holway, their heirs and assigns, shall construct and maia-
taiD a good and sufficient passageway over or around the dam or
dams which now are or may hereafter be erected upon said stream to
enable fish to enter the ponds above such dam or dams, and shall
keep such passageway open and unobstructed from the first day of
April to the fourteenth day of June, inclusive, of each year.

Sechon 2. Said Nye and Holway, and their heirs and assigns,'
may catch alewives during two thirds of the period specified in sec-
tion one, that is to say, upon fifty days out of the seventy-five days
between the first day of April and the fourteenth day of June, inclu-
sive, of each year.

Sechon 3. Any person or persons taking alewives in said Mill
river or in the said lakes or ponds without the written consent of the
said Nye and Holway, or of their heirs and assigns, shall, upon the
complaint of said Nye or Holway, or of their or any of their heirs or
assigns, or of any person in their behalf, forfeit not less than ten
nor more than twenty dollars for each offence. Half of every such
forfeiture shall be paid to said Nye and Holway or to their heirs or
assigns. [^Approved May 5, 1904.

[Chapter 32J).]

Ax Act to provide further for the protection of pickerel.
Be U tnaeied, etc,^ as follows :

Section sixty-seven of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws is

hereby amended by striking out the words '* the county of Berkshire *\

in the first and second lines, and inserting in place thereof the words :

—this Commonwealth, — by striking out the words " in said county ",

in the third line, and by inserting after the word *^ taken ", in the

fifth line, the words : — held in possession, — so as to read as follows :

— Section 67, Whoever takes from the waters of this Common-

wealth a pickerel less than ten inches in length, or sells or offers for

sale, or has in his possession with intent to sell any such pickerel,

shall forfeit one dollar for each pickerel so taken, held in possession,

sold or offered or exposed for sale ; and in prosecutions under the

provisions of this section the possession of pickerel less than ten

inches in length shall be prima facie evidence to convict. \_Apj)ro\)ed

May 13, 1904.

206 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

[Ghaptbb 364.]

An Act to require town clerks to notify the board of com-
missioners ON fisheries and game of the acceptance of cer-
tain PROVISIONS OP LAW RELATIVE TO THE TAKING OF PICKEREL.

Be it enacted, etc., cu follows :

It shall be the duty of the town clerk of any town which bas
accepted, or which shall hereafter accept, the provisions of section
sixty-eight of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws, which restricU
the taking of pickerel to the use of a hook and hand line, to send
notice of such acceptance to the commissioners on fisheries and game.
Such notice shall be sent within thirty days after any future accept-
ance of the said provisions by any town, and within sixty days after
the passage of this act in the case of every town which has heretofore
accepted said provisions. A town clerk who violates the provisions
of this act shall be subject to a fine of ten dollars. [^Approved
May 23, 1904.

[Chapter 365.]

An Act relative to the- building of fish ways by the board of

commissioners on fisheries and game.
Be it enacted, etc, asfollotvs :

Section nine of chapter ninety-one of the Revised Laws is hereby
amended by inserting after the word '^ maintained", in the second
line, the words : — or where in their judgment fishways are needed*
and they, — by inserting after the word " rivers ", in the fourth line,
the words : — or whether in their judgment a fishway is needed for
the passage of fish over any dam, — and by inserting after the word
'^ therein", in the sixth line, the words: — and where, how and when
a new fishway must be built, — so as to read as follows : — Sedion 9.
The commissioners may examine all dams upon rivers where the law
requires fishways to be maintained, or where in their judgment fish-
ways are needed, and they shall determine whether the fishways, if
any, are suitable and sufficient for the passage of the fish in snch
rivers, or whether m their judgment a fishway is needed for the pas-
sage of fish over any dam ; and shall prescribe by an order in writing
wMiat changes and repairs, if any, shall be made therein, and where,
how and when a new fishway must be built, and at what times the
same shall be kept open, and shall give notice to the owners of the
dams accordingly. The supreme judicial court, or the superior court
shall, upon the petition of the commissioners, have jurisdiction in
equity or otherwise to enforce any order made in accordance with the
provisions of this section, and to restrain any violation of sach
order. \_Approved May 23, 1904,

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 207

[Chaftkb 366.]

Ax Act to provide fob the better protection op game in the

COUNTY OP BRISTOL.

Be it enacted^ e^c, as follows :

Section 1. Whoever in the county of Bristol hunts, takes or kills
a gray squirrel between the fifteenth day of December and the first
day of November following, or a rabbit or hare between the first day
of March and the first day of November of any year, shall be pun-
ished by a fine of ten dollars.

Section 2. Whoever in the county of Bristol hunts, takes, kills
or has in possession, or buys, sells or offers for sale a quail, wood-
cock, or ruffed grouse, commonly called partridge, between the fif-
teenth day of December and the first day of November following,
whenever or wherever such bird may have been taken or killed, shall
be punished by a fine of twenty dollars for each bird.

Section 3. This act shall not be construed as modifying the pro-
Tisions of section three of chapter ninety-two of the Revised Laws,
as amended by chapter one hundred and sixty-five of the acts of the
year nineteen hundred and two, relative to the sale of quail, nor as
modifying the provisions of section nine of chapter ninety-two of the
Revised Laws, relative to the sale of rabbits.

Section 4. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent herewith are
hereby repealed. [^Approved May 23^ 1904,

[Chapter 367.]

An Act relative to the rioht op search by the commissioners on

pisheries and game and their deputies.
Bt U enacted, etc., as follows:

Section 1. Any commissioner on fisheries and game, deputy
commissioner on fisheries and game, member of the district police,
or officer qualified to serve criminal process, may, with a warrant,
search any boat, car, box, locker, crate or package, and any building,
where he has reason to believe any game or fish taken or held in vio-
lation of law is to be found, and may seize any game or fish so taken
or held, and any game or fish so taken or held shall be forfeited :
provided^ however^ that this section shall not authorize entering a
dwelling house, or apply to game or fish which is passing through
this Ck>mmonwealth under authority of the laws of the United States.
Section 2. A court or Justice authorized to issue warrants in
criminal cases shall, upon complaint under oath that the complainant
believes that any game or fish unlawfully taken or held is concealed
in a particular place, other than a dwelling house, if satisfied that

208 FISH AND GAME. [Dec.

there is reasonable cause for such belief, issue a warrant to search
therefor. The search warrant shall designate and describe the place
to be searched and the articles for which search is to be made, and
shall be directed to any officer named in section one of this act, com-
manding him to search the place where the game or fish for which he
is required to search is believed to be concealed, and to seize such
game or fish.

Section 3. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [^Approved
May 23, 1904.

[Chaptbb 369.]

An Act to provide further for the protection of shore, maizsh

and beach birds.
Be U enctcled, etc,, as follows :

Chapter ninety-two of the Revised Laws is hereby amended by
striking out section six and inserting in place thereof the following:
— Section 6. Whoever buys, sells, exposes for sale, or has in pos-
session any of the birds named in and protected by section five or
section seven of this chapter, during the time within which the taking
or killing thereof is prohibited, whenever or wherever such birds may
have been taken or killed, shall be punished by a fine of ten dollars
for each bird ; but a person, firm or corporation dealing in game or
engaged in the cold storage business may have in possession, for
storage purposes only, the so-called shore, marsh and beach birds
during the time within which the taking or killing of them is pro-
hibited. [^Approved May 23 y 1904.

[Ghaptrb 408.]

An Act to provide for the protection of lobsters with eggs

attached.
Be it enacted, etc., as follows :

Section 1 . The commissioners on fisheries and game are hereby
authorized and empowered to purchase, at a rate not exceeding
twenty-five per cent above the market price, lobsters with eggs
attached, caught along the shore of this Commonwealth. Whoever
catches any such lobsters with eggs attached may, after receiving a
permit from the commissioners on fisheries and game, safely store
the same in lobster cars or sections of cars used for that purpose
only, and may keep them separate from other lobsters until such time
as the said commissioners or some person or persons designated by
them can gather and pay for them. The commissioners and their
agent shall liberate them in the vicinity of the location where they

1904.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25. 209

were caaght ; or they may at their discretion sell any portion or all
of them to the officer in charge of the United States fish hatchery for
artiOcial propagation, the proceeds to be applied to the appropriation
made for the enforcement of this act.

Section 2. The sum of three thousand dollars, or so much thereof
as may be necessary, may be expended at the discretion of the com-
missioners for carrying out the provisions of this act in the year
nineteen hundred and four, and the sum of four thousand dollars, or
80 much thereof as may be necessary, in the year nineteen hundred and
five.

Section 3. For purchasing, equipping and maintaining a suitable
boat to be used by the said commissioners in enforcing the provisions of
tins act, a aum not exceeding four thousand dollars may be expended.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [Approved
June 3, 1904.

210

FISH AND GAME,

[Dec.

[G.]
Statistics.

The following tables show the statistics of the shore net and
lobster fisheries of Massachusetts as reported to this commis-
sion for the year ending Oct. 1, 1904.

The statistics are divided into three tables, specifying the
number of men employed, the number and value of boats,
pound and trap nets, seines, gill nets and fyke nets, lobster pots
and shore property ; also, the numl)er in pounds and value of
the different species of fish. As compared with the year 1903,
there is a falling off of 134 men, principally in Essex, Barn-
stable and Dukes counties. The number of boats, pounds,
seines, gill nets and lobster pots show a slight falling off,
with a total decrease in values, including shore property, of
$1,708.60; and the total of 19,045,492 pounds of the differ-
ent species of fish shows an increase over 1903 of 1,180,"2«S3
pounds, with a decrease in value of $2,550.04.

Table 'So. 1. — Shotving^ by Counties, the Number of Men employed in the
Shore Net and Lobster Fisheries of MasstichuseUs in 1904.

OOUNTIXB.

•

Number.

Bsaex,

126

Suffolk

Norfolk,

Plymouth,

110

Barnatable,

804

COUMTIXS.

Komber.

Nantucket,
Dukes, .
Bristol, .
Total,

801

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

211

Table No. 2. — Showing, by CoutUiet, the Apparatui employed in the Shore
Net and Lobster Fisheries of MassaehuseUs in 1904.

DESIGNATION.

ESBBX.

BUFTOLX.

NoaroLK.

t 1

Nnmber.' Value.

Number.

Value.

Number.

■

Value.

Boats,

Poand D6ta and trap oeta,
6elDes,gllI Dflts and fyke nets,
LobaterpoU, . . . .
Shore property and acceeaory
■ppaiatua, ....

186

172

4,098

$14,142 00
6,460 00
8,945 00
4,277 25

8,018 00

64
2

4,036

$6,145 00
8,000 00

4,280 75

1,002 00

5
2,815

$6,918 00

70 00
8,960 00

486 00

Totali, ....

$31,838 15

$14,886 75

1
1

$11,884 00

DE3IONATION.

Pltmouth.

Babnstabls.

Number.

Value.

Beau

PoQod neU and trap nets,
Beioei,gfll neUaod fyke nets,
Lobaterpota, . . . .
Shore property and accessory
apparatus, . . . .

Toula

178
1

29
5,723

$13,011 00

1,600 00

308 00

8,505 50

1,871 00

$26,205 60

Number.

Value.

286

1,285

1,582

$14,628 00

78,160 00

13,686 00

1,462 50

12,748 95

Nantuckxt.

Number.. Value.

$147,685 45

44
8

804
885

$7,980 00

3,000 00

4,417 00

287 00

1,567 00
$17,260 00

DESIGNATION.

DOKSs. Bristol.

Totals.

Number.

Value. .Number. Value.

Number.

Value.

Boati, . . . . .
PouDd neta and trap nets,
^ioes, gill nets and fyke nets,
U>baterpots, . . . .
Shore property and accessory
apparatus

106
48
88

800

$11,802 00

18,925 00

635 00

766 00

1,307 00
$38,436 00

14
156

$1,842 00

1,890 00

150 00 1

1,708 00

1 869

161

1,897

19,589

$107,977 00

106,145 00

24,401 00

23,648 00

28,648 85

Totals

$4,585 00

$285,819 85

212

FISH AND GAME.

[Dec.

Table No. 3. — Showing, by Counties and Species, the Yield of the Short
Net and Lobster Fisheries of Massachusetts in-l904.

/>■ Y% m ^^T*ra e*

Essex.

1 Suffolk.

Norfolk.

dPBCIES.

Pounds.

Value.

Poundji.

Value.

Pounds.

VslBe.

Alewlvea,

66,850

$843 00

•

Biuetith, . . . .

1 .

Flounders and flatflsb, .

8,060

01 50

Mackerel,

47,466

2,365 16

160

$12 07

MenbadaD,

632.456

1,040 20

14,860

107 10

Pollock, . . . .

136,608

028 93

12J03

112 48 1

Salmon, . . . .

2 76

Beup, . . . .

670

42 77

Sea baas, ....

- i

Seaberring, .

437,680

4,288 16

20,500

204 80

10,800

$103 OO

Sbad, . . . .

0,617

110 17

Squeteagne,

18,738

235 90

tStriped bass, .

Squid, . . . .

2,642

29 26

1 -

•" 1

Tautog

2 50

•"

Olher edible or bait

species

828,826

6,786 95

176,746

888 73

Refuse fisb, .

Oil,

Lobsters

108,480

24,896 14

131,661

16,466 19

181,266

i6,onoi

Totals,

2,276,820

$42,647 38

866,620

$17,785 46

141.666

$16,176 01

£ 1 T 1 Til #^T YK f^

Plymouth.

Babnstablb.

Nahti

BPEOIES.

Pounds.

Value.

Pounds.

Value.

Pounds.

Value

Alewives, .

160,000

$900 00

862,301

$8,828 79

10,470

$1SS ti'

Blueflsh, . . . .

10,108

811 43

60,029

. 8,»»TT

Flounders and flatflsb, .

1,136,014

21,199 72

2,800

8B0O

Mackerel,.

8,116

230 75

686,826

89,519 62

79,T0O

2,290 00

Menhaden,

11,002

300 07

223,063

1,828 70

Pollock

1,600

30 00

1,877,804

24,667 76

200,820

3,666 44

Salmon, . . . .

Bcup, . . . .

20,108

847 90

26,404

1.NS1S

Sea bass, ....

10 60

1,800

270 00

Sea berring, .

5,000

60 00

1,410,743

11,216 69

Shad, . . . .

3 80

6,062

290 20

730

• 7JflO

Squeteague,

2 40

1,621,112

23.722 10

84,848

: 2,4a 40

Striped bass, .

1 ~

8,707

1,137 41

187

21»

Squid, . . . " .

780,047

7,627 80

600

100

Tautog

10,804

208 19

Otber edible or bait

species

34,100

no 00

4,217,541

25,713 65

81,981

i 8,194 TJ

Refuse fisb, .

1,800

STJ

Oil

6,200

311 26

Lobsters, . . . .

288,060

32,071 48

44,051

8,120 00

8,424

1,130 tt

ToUls,

404,683

$33,698 60

, 12,320,520

$170,060 68

648,064

$18.29 U

1904.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 25.

213

Table No. 3. — Yield of the Shore Net and Lobster Fisheries — Concluded.

DUKSS.

Bristol.

Total roB Statb.

BPBCIB8.

Ponnda.

Value.

Pounds.

Valae.

Pounds.

Value.

Al6wiT«a,.

104,160

$606 01

440,150

$8,282 60

1,128,021

$0,548 10

BlaeiUh, ....

881

83 80

60,668

4,050 50

Floaiid«n and flatfish, .

110,270

1,800 00

1,260,648

22,750 22

Maekarel

87,208

2,670 88

764.464

46,078 88

Mrataadea,

1,000

260

70,000

760 00

868,270

4,428 57

Pollock

0,000

100 80

« ^

2,288,900

20,640 02

Salmoo, . . . .

8 86

fieup

684,505

12,860 20

681,807

14,888 00

8eab«M, . . . .

10,026

1,146 19

21,700

1,426 00

Sea barring, .

1.884,128

15,861 68

8had, ....

080

60 66

66,106

2,518 66

72,601

8,061 27

Bqaataaffoe, .

1,202,068

87,012 20

1,600

67 00

8,017,780

64,410 20

Siripadbaaa, .

8,844

1,160 80

8qiii4p . . . .

20,860

. 310 26

818,830

7,078 41

Taotog, ....

4,618

101 08

15,428

812 50

Otber adlble or bait

•pwlea

101,428

2,881 82

6,486,122

80,020 88

Bcfnaeflab, . .

16,000

7 60

17,800

10 25

Oil

6,200

811 25

l^^tera

21,270

8,072 37

8,406

626 60

828,486
10,045,402

102,864 63

Totali. . .

2,880,610 $02,022 hi

670,811

$7,184 66

$367,644 12

PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

THIETEENTH AMVAL EEPOET
THE COMMISSIONERS

Massachusetts Nautical
Training School.

January 1, 1905.

BOSTON !
WillGHX A POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PIUNTEBS,
18 Post Ofkick Sqcake,
1905.

Approybd bt
Thk Statb Boasd of Publicatioit.

CONTENTS.

PAQB

The Work of the Year, 7

Repairs to the " Enterprise,^^ 7

The Sanimer Croiae, 8

A Gold Medal awarded, 13

Personnel, 13

The Winter Term, 14

Winter Lectures, 14

Information regarding Graduates of the School, 14

Graduating Classes, 18

Sommary, 21

Statistics of Cadets, 24

Appropriations, 25

Legal Aathority for the School, 26

Recent Legislation, 29

COMMISSIONERS

OF TBS

Massachusetts Nautical Training School.

N. M. DYER, Chairman,

Rear Admiral, U. S. N. (Retired).

ROBERT B. DIXON, M.D.

Hon. JOHN READ.

F. STANHOPE HILL, Secretary,

€0mni0iitDjeaItlb d '^m^wc)^mtiiB*

MASSACHUSETTS NAUTICAL TRAINING

SCHOOL.

To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts in General Court assembled.
The Commissioners of the Massachusetts Nautical Training
School have the honor to submit their report of the operations
of the school for the year 1904.

The Work of the Year.

The efficiency of the school has been satisfactorily main-
tained during the past year, notwithstanding that the extensive
repairs made last spring necessitated an undesirable extension
of the vacation at the close of the spring term.

The average number of cadets in the school from Jan. 1,
19U4, to elan. 1, 1905, has been 88. Of these, the engineer
ckss has predominated in about the ratio of 59 to 41. Twenty-
five cadets graduated in April, 16 in the engineer class and 9
in the seamanship class ; and in October the graduating class
numbered 20, 7 in the seamanship class and 13 in the engineer
ckss, making a total for the year of 45 ; 29 engineer and 16
seamen. Pi-actically all of these graduates obtained employ-
ment at sea very shortly after their graduation, as quartermas-
ters, electricians, oilers, etc.

Repairs to the " Enterprise."

Favorable action having been taken by the Legislature on
a resolve, approved by the Governor IVIarch 5, 1904, upon
the request made by the commissioners, for an appropriation

8 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

of $15,000 for necessary and extensive repairs to the hull,
machinery and boilers of the training ship * ' Enterprise,'' a
contract for the work was signed April 1, 1904, with the
Atlantic works, they being the lowest bidders.

These repairs involved the laying of a new berth deck, the
renewing of five deck beams of the gun deck, replacing a por-
tion of the outside planking and calking the outside of the
hull, replacing jib and flying jibboom and renewing fore and
main topmasts, extensive repairs to boilers and renewal of
tubes of auxiliary boiler, repairs to water piping, renewal of
cadets' water-closets and bath-room, painting the ship inside
and outside, with much other incidental but very necessary
work. Although the most careful economj'^ w^^ exercised in
making these repairs, the cost not only entirely exhausted the
special appropriation, but left a balance, which was paid from
the regular appropriation for 1904.

The work was satisfactorily completed in sixty days, the

** Enterprise " leaving the yaili of the Atlantic works on June

11, 1904.

The Summer Cruise.

After completing necessary repairs, the " Enterprise" saile«l
from Boston on her usual summer cruise on June 23, with a
complement of 92 cadets on board. The itinerary included
visits to Provincetown, Mass. ; Horta, Fayal ; Lisbon, Por-
tugal; Algiers, Africa; Gibraltar; the island of Madeira:
returning to Provincetown September 28, and to Boston
October 3.

During these three months the cadets were kept in constant
practice of the duties incident to their profession, as is clearly
shown by the following extracts from the report of the super-
intendent, Commander William F. Low, U. S. Navy, to the
commissioners : —

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42.

Itinerary.

Left.

Dato.

Airlred.

Date.

Boston, Mass.,

June 23.

ProvincetowD, Mass., .

June 23.

ProTincetown, Mass., .

July 1.

Horta, Fayal (Azores), .

July 18.

Horta, Fayal,

July 21.

Lisbon, Portugal, .

July 29.

Lisbon, Portugal, .

Aug. 4.

Gibraltar,

Aug. 6.

Gibraltar,

Aug. 10.

Algiers, Africa,

Aug. 18.

Algiers, Africa,

Aug. 17.

Funcbal, Madeira, .

Aug. 25.

Funchal, Madeira, .

Sept. 1.

Provincetown, Mass., .

Sept. 28.

ProTincetown, Mass., .

Oct. 3.

Boston, Mass.,

Oct. 8.

With the exception of a couple of gales, on the homeward passage
off Bermuda, the weather during the entire cruise was remarkably
good. Light airs and calms predominated, and this rendered neces-
sary a much larger coal expenditure than was anticipated.

Exercises were carried out according to the routine, as far as
practicable. The period for general exercise was changed from the
afternoon to the morning hours, and the afternoon given up to de-
tailed instruction. I am of the opinion that this change was for the
better. The stations of the cadets were changed three times during
the cruise, thus giving them all an opportunity to familiarize them-
selves with the different parts of the ship and lead of all the gear.
As much time as possible was given to boat exercise in the different
ports.

The health of the cadets has been generally good. No water for
drinking or cooking purposes, except that distilled on board, has
been used.

The location of the dynamo on the gun deck, as a part of the
changes made by the la'te repairs, has made its all night's use at sea
practicable, and has removed a constant source of danger, viz., the
Domeroas standing oil lamps on the lower decks. It has also
rendered the berthing space much cooler in hot weather. The elec-
tric light attachments, which were fitted to the binnacles just previous
to the cruise, have also been a great comfort.

The improvements made last spring in the interior arrangements of
the ship, such as new water-closets, shower-baths, etc., have added
greatly to the well-being of the cadets.

10 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

Daring the cruise only sundown liberty was granted, and the be-
havior of the boys on shore was so generally excellent that the
American minister to Portugal was kind enough to compliment the
Commonwealth upon being able to send such a well-behaved lot
of young fellows as its representatives on shore.

The new arrangement of the non-division of the junior cadets into
seaman and engineering branches has so far worked satisfactorilj.
All the junior cadets, with the exception of one boy whose physical
condition forbade, have had a detail in the engine or fire room during
the cruise.

The cadets were instructed as follows : —

Seamanship.

Section A. — Setting up rigging ; reeving off gear ; bending sail ;
sail making ; splicing ; steering ; heaving lead and log ; under can
and sail ; duties as coxswains of boats ; captains and second captains
of tops ; quartermasters and officers of the deck ; working ship ; brac-
ing ; making and taking in sail ; running lines ; mooring and unmoor-
ing ; handling yards ; shifting and reefing sail ; heaving to under
storm sail and the use of oil.

Section C. — Knotting ; splicing and making sail ; setting up rig-
ging ; bending and unbending sail ; reeving ofi* gear ; in boats under
oars and sail ; steering ; working ship ; handling yards ; reefing ; heav-
ing lead and log ; shifting sail ; lookouts ; securing boats for sea.

Junior Cadets. — Knotting; splicing and making sail; steering;
heaving lead and log ; lookouts ; in boats under oars and sail ; and in
parts of ship*

Also second part of Section B and sections in the engineering
department in knotting ; short, cut and eye splice, and use of tackle
in parts of ship ; in boats under oars and sail, and as lookouts.

NavigcUion, — The two senior classes. Dead reckoning; course
and distance by middle latitude and Mercator's sailing; taking
departure; setting courses; correcting courses; taking bearings;
plotting position ; latitude by meridian ; circum-meridian, and ex-
meridian altitude of sun and other heavenly bodies, and by pole star;
time sights and longitude by sun or other heavenly body ; Sumner's
method by projection and calculation ; observing azimuth and find-
ing compass error ; finding chronometer errors and rates ; care and
handling of chronometers ; comparing chronometers ; finding time of
high water at places ; use of charts of all kinds ; sailing directions^
tide tables, light lists and other aids to navigation ; use and adjust-
ments of instruments ; danger angle ; how to identify the stars ; com-
pensating compasses and barometers ; practical work with artificial
horizon on shore.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 11

The third class was given the same instruction as the two senior
classes, bat preference was always given the seniors in the more
advanced practical work.

The new cadets were taught boxing the compass ; taking departure ;
correcting courses ; dead reckoning ; elements of nautical astronomy ;
use of the sextant ; observing the altitudes of heavenly bodies ; find-
ing latitude by meridian altitude, and how to identify the principal
Btars used in navigation.

Each watch of the three senior classes found the position every
alternate day by dead reckoning and observation of the sun, and
worked observations of the stars morning and evening when the
weather was favorable.

The new cadets worked dead reckoning every day on the passage
home, and they were given almost daily practice in the use of the
sextant in observing the altitude of the sun and stars.

Engineering.

Section B^ Part 1. — In the care and management of auxiliary
machinery; operating distilling apparatus; oiling; making joints;
care and management of engines ; taking and working out indicator
cards ; adjusting valves ; steam and water piping ; and general routine
engine-room work.

Section B^ Part 2. — Firing; care and management of boilers
aad engines ; care and management of pumps and other auxiliary
machinery ; electric wiring ; care and management of generating
plant; steam and water piping; taking and working out indicator
cards, and in the general routine work of the fire room.

Junior Section. — Instruction in coal passing ; firing ; care and
management of boilers and surroundings ; care and preservation of
coal bunkers and other metal work ; lead of pipes and their use ;
names and use of sea valves, and general instruction in the names
and use of boiler attachments ; steam and water piping and electric
wiring ; rigging purchases for handling heavy weights at sea when
making repairs.

Medical Department.

Course of instruction in first aid to injured, including how to act in
presence of emergency ; the use of disinfectants ; symptoms and treat-
ment of bums, bruises, hemorrhage, wounds, sprains, fractures, dis-
locations, foreign bodies in eye, ear and throat, unconsciousness and
fainting, shocks, compression, sunstroke, starving, drunkenness, con-
vulsions, smothering by gas, hanging, drowning, poison, dog, snake
or insect bites, and poison ivy ; making dressings and poultices.

The surgeon's report shows a general gain, as follows : —

12 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

Average weight July, 127.2 pounds.
Average weight September 27, 130.2 pounds.
Average gain for cruise,' 3 pounds.
Average height July 1, 5 feet 5.3 inches.
Average height September 27, 5 feet 5.7 inches.
Average gain for cruise, .4 of an inch.
Average chest measurement July 1, 32.25 inches.
Average chest measurement September 27, 32.50 inches.
Average gain chest measurement, .25 of an inch.
Average chest expansion July 1, 3.125 inches.
Average chest expansion September 27, 3.75 inches.
Average chest expansion gained, .625 of an inch.
Average arm measurement July 1, 11.75 inches.
Average arm measurement September 27, 11.875 inches.
Average gain arm measurement, .125 of an inch.
Average forearm measurement July 1, 10.75 inches.
Average forearm measurement September 27, 10.75 inches.
Average forearm measurement gained, none.
Average leg measurement July 1, 13.625 inches.
Average leg measurement September 27, 13.875 inches.
Average leg measurement gained, .25 of an inch.

These figures, while very satisfactory for a three months' croise,
do not of course show the increase in muscular tone, which is ven
marked. This is especially well demonstrated in the case of many of
the cadets who entered at the beginning of the summer term, whose
muscles at that time were soft and flabby, and at the end of the
cruise were developed and firm.

The classified expenditures on the cruise are indicated as follows:—

Payroll, $4.667 92

Ration bills 896 00

Commissary, 1,267 57

Coal 1,453 87

Water, 84 10

Contingent, 801 80

Surgeon's department, 16 00

Equipment, 38 50

Pilotage. 30 72

$8,181 48

Less coal on arrival at Boston, $77 33

commissary stores on hand on arrival at Boston, 620 92
stores condemned and lost, 63 01

76126

Net cost of cruise, $7,420 2S

.1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 13

A Gold Medal awarded.

As a portion of the Massachasetts educational exhibit for the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, the commission-
ers prepared an exhibit of the work of this school, which pre-
sented, through the medium of about forty large photographs,
ingeniously mounted and hinged in a standing cabinet, several
views of the "Enterprise," the officers and instructors, and the
cadets engaged in practical work in the difi*erent departments
of the school, as also specimens of their work in theoretical
seamanship and navigation.

Although nautical training schools are maintained in the
States of New York and Pennsylvania, Massachusetts was
the only State making a special exhibit of this character at
St. Louis, and it was very gratifying to the commissioners to
receive in November from Mr. George E. Gay, director of the
Board of Managers of the Educational Department, a notifica-
tion that the superior jury of the Exposition had awarded the
Massachusetts Nautical Training School a gold medal for the
excellence of their unique exhibit in the Massachusetts group
six of the department of education.

Personnel.

The changes in the officers and instructors during the year
have been as follows : —

Oct. 15, 1904, Chief Engineer F. D. Terry's resignation was
accepted.

Nov. 4, 1904, Passed Assistant Engineer Robert Crawford,
U. S. Navy (retired), ordered by the Navy Department to
the "Enterprise" for duty as chief engineer and instructor,
reported for duty.

Dec. 3, 1904, resignation of Boatswain P. H. Burns was ac-
cepted, and he was detached from the '< Enterprise " by orders
from the Navy Department.

Dec. 16, 1904, Mr. Joseph E. Gateley was appointed as
ensign and assistant instructor.

14 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

The Winter Term.

By the courtesy of the Bath Commissioners of the city of
Boston the * < Enterprise " is moored at the North End Rirk,
Boston, free of expense to the Commonwealth, where she will
remain during the winter term, and instruction to the cadets is
being given on board the ship.

Winter Lectures.

For the purpose of interesting as well as instructing the
cadets, the commissioners have arranged for a series of brief
lectures and entertainments for the cadets on board the
** Enterprise" during the winter.

The course was opened on the evening of November 30 bv
an interesting and instructive lecture given by Commissioner
John Read upon "Ironclads of to-day in comparison with
those of 1861," illustrated by about one hundred stereopticon
views. On December 14 Mr. Stanton H. King, superintendent
of the Sailors' Haven, at Charlestown, Mass., gave the cadets
a talk on '* Dog watches at sea." Early in January, the Eev.
David Howard Tribou, D.D., chaplain United States NavVi
has kindly consented to give his lecture on "The old navy
and the new," illustrated by some seventy-five selected views.

The commissioners have also engaged Capt. William Set-
holm, an experienced mattre d'amteSy to give a coarse of
fencing lessons three times each week during the winter.
These lessons are proving a source of great interest to the
cadets, and they are having an excellent effect upon the young
men as a physical exercise.

Should any members of the Legislature desire to obtain
further knowledge of the opeiutions of the school by personal
observation, the commissioners and the superintendent would
be gi-atified to have them visit the * * Enterprise " at the above-
mentioned wharf on any day excepting Saturday and Sunday,
when the cadets are absent on home leave.

Information regarding Graduates of the School.
The graduates of the school have met with good success in
securing desirable positions in the merchant marine. The
information regarding the employment of the cadets after

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 42. 15

leaving the school, carefully collected by the commissioners,
shows that about two-thirds of those passing through the school
continue to follow the sea. On this record are the names of
460 graduates or ex-cadets, and of this number only 75 ob-
tained employment on shore, and failed, so far as is known,
to spend any time at sea.

In returning the cadets' *' employment blanks," many parents
in different parts of the State, in giving the required informa-
tion, have taken occasion to express their confidence in the
excellent opportunities afforded to young men with seafaring
instincts by the school, and the good work it is doing, as
evidenced by the improvement and progress made by their
SODS while on board the '< Entei'prise," and in the readiness
with which they have obtained employment after graduating.

The value of the instruction received by young men in this
school is perhaps best shown by the fact that among the 372
graduates fully 310 have become mastei*s, first, second and
third officers, quartermasters, engineers and machinists. These
graduates are now serving on board coastwise and transatlantic
steamers, as well as on board steam and sailing vessels in the
West Indian, South American, Pacific and Asiatic trade.
Others are on board yachts and "tramp" steamers. Four
are commissioned officers in the United States revenue cutter
service. Many graduates have found employment on the
United States coast survey steamers, the light-house steamers,
naval colliers, pilot boats and in the army transport service.

The number of graduates now holding positions of responsi-
bility as first or second officers on board seagoing steamers is
not only evidence of the good progress being made by these
joang men in their chosen profession, but reflects credit upon
the character of the education and discipline they received in
the school.

Mr. A. Russell Cushing, who has served as watch officer and
instructor on board the ** Enterprise " for the past two years,
is a graduate of the school in the seaman class of October,
1902. Mr. Joseph E. Gateley, of the seaman class of 1900,
has lately been appointed as watch officer and assistant in-
structor. The position of electrician has also been filled for
many years by a graduate. Mr. John J. Hyncs of Holyoke,
who graduated in April, 1902, now holds that position.

16 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

A graduate of the year 1898, who was number two in his
class, has been assistant engineer on board steamers of the mer-
chant and transport service, and has lately been appointed first
assistant engineer in the United States revenue cutter service.
He received the highest mark among seventy applicants.

The second mate of the steamship " Morning Star," which
left Boston last spring for the Pacific Ocean, where she will
be used by the American Board in its work among the Micro-
nesian Islands, graduated from this institution in October, 1900.
He served in steamers of the American and Metropolitan lines
before joining the missionary vessel*

Another graduate entered as third officer on board the
steamship '*Coya" of the Grace line, and was promoted to
second officer at the end of the first trip. He was offered the
position of first officer, but could not accept it as he had not at
that time obtained a license for that grade.

Some of the recent graduates of the school have obtained
employment as follows : —

Quartermaster, steamship '^Advance," Panama Steamship
Company ; quartermaster, United States naval collier " Han-
nibal;" quai-termaster, steamship ^^Californian," American-
Hawaiian Steamship Company; quartermaster, United States
army transport ' ' Sumner ; '' quartermaster, steamship *' Ponce,"
New York and Porto Rico Steamship Company ; oiler, light-
house tender '* Mayflower;" oiler, steamship ** Admiral
Dewey ; " quartermaster, American line ; able seaman, bark
"Foohing Suey," sailing from New York to Honolulu; re-
frigerator engineer, steamship "St. Paul;" quartermaster,
Morgan line ; cadet, American line.

The commissioners believe the school is doing a \^luable
work for the State and for the nation in encouraging and fitting
young men who have a longing for a sea life to become offica^
in the merchant marine. Through its graduates it is perpetu-
ating to some extent that race of New England seamen whose
skill and courageous work have done so much for the pros-
perity of the country in the past. The value to the nation and
to the world of trained seamen will not be questioned. The
progress of the world in many directions has depended laigelv
upon the work of the men of the sea. Most of the important
geographical discoveries have been made by them ; and in the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 17

promotion of a country's foreign commerce and in the mainte-
nance of national honor abroad they are all important. The
seamen of the world are the great links in the chain which
unites one continent with another ; they make it possible for
the products of every country under the sun to be brought to
our doors for our comfort and pleasure.

The great advantage to a nation of men with a sea training
has been well illustrated in the present Russo-Japanese war.
The hundreds of competent and well-trained young men from
this school who are now serving in all parts of the world on
board different merchant vessels can be called upon if they
should be needed in the hour of the country's peril.

In' the year 1861, when our foreign shipping reached the
height of its prosperity, and when our tonnage was greater than
that of Great Britain and nearly equal to that of the British
Empire, our total documented tonnage was 5,539,813 gross
tons. Yet to-day, when the foreign commerce of the United
States has reached the great total of $2,500,000,000 per annum,
it is practically being carried under foreign flags, as the ton-
nage of American ships engaged in the foreign tmdc aggre-
gates only 879,000 tons.

As a natural result of this condition the question of upbuild-
ing our merchant marine is gaining a greater and more wide-
spread importance each year. Last spring a commission of
five senators and five members of the house of representatives,
to be known as the Merchant Marine Commission, was ap-
pointed by Congress. The bill creating this commission pro-
rides that it shall make a thorough investigation and report to
the Congress now in session what legislation is necessary to
place the American merchant marine on a prosperous basis.
It was also instructed to ascertain what changes, if any, were
needed in our present laws to secure for our seamen greater
safety and comfort. During the summer the commission has
held public hearings in the large cities on the Atlantic, Pacific
and Gulf coasts, and along the great lakes. Men representing
all the different shipping interests have been allowed to express
their views, and the final hearing was held in "Washington on
November 25, when departmental oflScials and others were
present. It is earnestly to be hoped that this latest effort on
the part of Congress to bring about a revival of our shipping

18 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

will be, in some degree at least, successful in encouraging the
investment of capital in American shipping, in creating a new
activity in the shipyards and a more general demand for
American seamen.

The coastwise shipping has experienced the prosperity of
past years. The shipyards of Maine have launched about the
usual number of fore and aft vessels for the domestic trade,
some of them being of immense size. That the five and six
masted schooners have proven a profitable venture, and that
they have come to stay, is evidenced by the fact that a num-
ber of these great schooners have been launched the past
year.

A notable event recently occurring in connection with Aiiieri-
can shipping interests was the completion and sailing of the
great Pacific liner "Minnesota," the largest vessel ever built in
this country, and in point of tonnage the fourth largest vessel
in the world. The vessel will ply between Seattle and ports
in the Orient. The skill, ingenuity and courage of the Ameri-
can ship-builder may be said to have reached its highest de-
velopment in the building of this steamship.

Membership of the School.

Spring Graduating Class

, April 4, 1904.

Blunt, A. C, . . . Engineer class, . Charlestown.

Brown, Jr., C. R.,

. Dorchester.

Barnes, Cyrus,

. Seaman

((

. Maiden.

Bessom, Jr., J. F.,

. Engineer

. Lynn.

Bowe, W. E., ,

. Seaman

. Roxbury.

Branagan, C. H.,

. Engineer

. Worcester.

Cullen, Fred S.,

. Beverly.

Chick, M. T., .

. Brookline.

Dunne, H. J.,.

. Canton Junction

Dunshee, G. A.,

. Seaman

. Charlestown.

Iverson, A. J.,

. Beverly.

Johnson, L. T. W.,

. Engineer

. Worcester.

Kinniery, H. J.,

. Worcester.

Marshall, P. M., .

. Newton.

Marshall, S. S.,

Seaman

. Newton.

Mclntyre, C. L.,

Engineer

. Upton.

O^Connell, T. L., .

. Wakefield.

Parker, H. A.,

. Mattapan.

Stoddard, C. H., .

Seaman

•

. Worcester.

Sumner, B. M.,

•

. Dorchester.

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42.

Stewart, William,

, Engineer <

3lass,

. Reading.

Twombly, L. W.,

••

. Jamaica Plain.

Williamson, J. F.,

. Seaman

. Brockton.

Waite,F.M., .

South Dartmouth

Welch, B. L., .

. Engineer

. Lowell.

Fall OraducUing Class, Oci, 5, 1904.

Bumpus, C. W., .

Engineer <

slass,

. Wakefield.

Blaisdell, L. T., .

. Carlisle.

Bigelow, £. R., .

. Seaman

•t

. Bridgewater.

Blake, S. M.,

. Engineer

. Westfield.

Chadbourne, £. J.,

»c

. Reading.

Driscoll,J. W., .

Boston.

DjsoD, C. G., .

. North Billerica.

Danforth. W. A.,

. Plymouth.

Gammon, F. B., .

Seaman

. Brockton.

Gosnay, T. F., .

Engineer

. Wakefield.

Holmes, L. F., .

Seaman

Brockton.

Hill, Jr., C. H.. .

Engineer

. Reading.

Hill, C. A

. Melrose.

Morgan, H. J., .

. Wakefield.

Nolan, £. B., . . .

Seaman

. Somerville.

Roberts, E. C, .

. North Beverly.

Welden, G. F., .

. Dorchester.

Whippen, J. G., .

Engineer

. Lynn.

Williams. E. W.,

. Lynn.

Young, W.E., .

Seaman

. Charlestown.

CUu

s to graduate April, 1

906.

Anthony, L. J., .

. Seaman class.

. Taunton.

Barrows, R. L., .

. Boston.

Cady, F. M.,

. Engineer

t«

. Lowell.

Chisholm, T, W.,

. North Billerica.

Clark, H. R.,

. Seaman

. Middleborough.

Doolittle, P. E., .

. Engineer

. Greenfield.

Gervais, A. A., .

. Westborough.

Gridley, H. H., .

. Seaman

Dorchester.

Kinnaly, J. F. J.,

. Engineer

. South Boston.

Kelley, L. G., .

. Taunton.

Lockhart, W. C,

. Wakefield.

Morin, Eugene, .

. Seaman

. Hyde Park.

MacLaughlin, 0. D., .

. Beverly Farms.

O^Brien,A. F., .

. South Boston.

Pinkham, A. S., .

. Newton.

Tarr, C. F., .

. Engineer

. Taunton.

MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

Barry, P. C, .
Burdekin. R. W.,
Carlton, F. G.,
Crocker, J. A.,
Maynard, H. W.,
MuUaly, C. C,
Newhall, W. L. F.
O'Brien, E. R.,
Sullivan, F. H.,
Walker, F. S.,

Class to graduate October^ 1905.

Seaman class.
Engineer **

Seaman "

Engineer "
Seaman

North Dighton.

South Framingham.

Maynard.

Nahant.

Winthrop.

Dorchester.

Lynnfield.

West Roxbury.

Sandwich.

Roxbury.

Class to ffraduate April, 1906.

Booth, F. A., New Bedford.

Butler, L. B., Worcester.

Caldwell, A. C, Dorchester.

Cushmau, Jr , C. E., Rockport

Copeland, H. G., Maiden.

Dolan, W. R., Worcester.

Flannigan, E. J., Wakefield.

Graves, Herbert, Wilmington.

Houghton, L. H., AVorcester.

Howard, A. M., Chelmsford.

Hanes, C. W., Melrose.

Hoi brook, C. A., Marlborough.

MacDonald, W. R., Neponset.

McDonald, C. B., Springfield.

Munroe, G. L., Fall River.

McKey, R. H., Dorchester.

Morgan, C. L., . * Beverly.

Noyes, M. N., Everett.

Peckham, H. I., Marlborough.

Roach, H. C, New Bedford.

Ruyter, John, Stoughton.

Sheedy, J. C, Maiden.

Towle, W. F Mansfield.

Ckus to graduate October, 1906.

Anderson, H. T., Millbury.

Ashton. W. S Fall River.

Batchelder, L. K., Melrose.

Brighara, R. B., Fisherville.

Bates, P. S., Southville.

Brown, W. H., Boston.

Bosson, G. C, Reading.

Burbank, A. G., Carver.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 21

Colony, C. E., Brookline.

Doherty, M. J., Winthrop.

fimnierton, D. S., Peabody.

Foster, Y. M., East Boston.

Farrington, P. J., Winthrop.

Gladding, B. N. A., New Bedford.

Hnnt, T. F., Lynn.

Jones, L. A., Middleborough.

Lee, W. H., Roxbury.

Nutting, C. E., Cambridge.

Parker, H. K., Maiden.

Stott, W. J., Worcester.

Tucker, W. M South Easton.

Wilmarth, F. C, Saundersville.

Webster, W. R., Worcester.

Summary.

The following tables show the different capacities in which
the cadets have been employed since leaving the school, and
also the branches of service in which they have been engaged,
so far as known by the commissioners : —

SMman Class.

Engineer Class.

Masters

First officers, .

Second officers.

Third officers, .

Fourth officers.

Chief quartermasters,

Qoartermasters,

Cadets and seamen, .

Boatswains,

Chief yeomen, .

Acting ensigns.

Third lieutenants, revenue cut

ter service, . .
Cadet revenue cutter service.
Boat keepers, pilot boat ser

vice, ....

Total,

Grand total.

3
1

207

Chief engineers, • • • o
First assistant engineers, ^

Second assistant en j:ineers, ^

Third assistjint engineers, ^

Fourth assistant engineers.
Engineers and assistant e^" ^^^

gineers, . • ^ • * 55

Engineer cadets and oilers, • ^^
Firemen, . . • • \ \

Chief machinist, • • \ ^^

Machinists, . • • --^a-

Machinists and >varrant id^ <

chinisU, United States M^^^ ^
Chief electrician, • o*'«f:«*
Electricians, United bta^

Navy, . . • •

Electricians,

Total, . . • •

5
4»^

MASS. NAUTICAL TEAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

Class of Vessels,

TransatlaDtic steamers,* 86

Coastwise steamers, .88

Pacific steamers, 20

'* Tramp ^^ steamers and towboats, 17

Steam yachts, 21

Sailing vessels, 82

Pilot boats, 5

United States naval vessels, 64

United States naval colliers, 20

United States transports, . . . 16

United States revenue cutter steamers, 12

United States coast survey steamers, .8

United States light-house steamers, 7

Total, 396

On shore, 37

433

Cadets admitted^ graduated and honorably discharged^ from 1893 to 1904,

Inclusive,

Admittbd

•

Oraduatbd.

HONORABLT DIB-
OHAROBD.

Beamao-

ahlp

OlaM.

Engi-
neer
Olasa.

ToUl.

Beaman-

abip

Class.

Engi-
neer
Glass.

Total.

Seaman-
ship
Class.

Engi.

Deer

Class.

ToUl.

1898, .

188

138

1894, .

1895, . ,

1896, .

8ft

1897, .

1896, .

1899, .

1900, . .

1901, . ,

•

1902, .

1908, .

1904, .

Total, ,

962

169

218

872

171

148

819

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42.

m
Q

I
2

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iH i-i M e« o4 1^ fH

iti

1 oeeaoe<»-«9t-^e«e«

•
•
•
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1894,

1896,
1896,
1897,
1898,
1899,
1900,
1901,
1902,
1908
1904

24 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

Statistics of Cadets.

Cadets admiUed during the Year 1904.

Nomber Id the ichool Jan. 1, 1904 : —
BeamaDBhip oUm, . • . . ,
Eogineer ela

Toul,

105

AppUeatioiM received, 1904,
FalliDg to appear for ezamlDallon,
Awaiting ezamtnalioD,
Applicants examined, .

Examined,

Failed to paea mental examination, .

Failed to pau pbyeloal examination.

Failed to pass mental and physical examinations,

Passed examinations,

Passed examinations, .
Re-examined mentally and passed,
Re-examined physically and passed,

Failed to qualify after passing examinations,

Total number admitted to school during 1904, .
Total number connected with the school during 1004,

47
6
6

115

165

Cadets withdrawn during the Year 1904,

Total number regularly graduated,
Beamanshlp class, .
Engineer class,

Total number honorably discharged,

Seamanship class,

Engineer class,

Total number graduated and honorably discharged,

Dropped from roll,
Dlsralssed, .
Withdrawn, .

Total number dropped, etc.,
Total withdrawals during 1904,

Number of cadets in the school Jan. 1, 1905,

«2

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42.

Appropriations.

The appropriations for the school for the year 1904, which
are here accoanted for, were : —

Current Expenses.

Appropriation,

Deficiency appropriations for 1903, .
Special appropriation for repairs, .

Expended : —

Pay roll, ....
Provisions, ....
Text-books, instruments, etc..
Seamanship department, .
Engineer department,
Repairs, ....
Miscellaneous, .
Deficiency bills, 1903,

Total amount expended.

Balance unexpended,

Office Expenses,

Appropriation,

Expended : —

Salaries,

Books, stationery and postage, .
Commissioners^ expenses, .
Printing annual report, .
Miscellaneous,

Total amount expended,

126,820 46

13,122 62

788 46

5,198 11

6,602 17

16,830 91

1,942 60

3,897 03

$3,440 00

735 81

356 26

62 38

250 88

155,000 00
.3,397 03
15,000 00

•73,397 03

73,202 36

1194 67

|5,000 00

4,845 33

Balance unexpended,

1154 67

Respectfully submitted,

Boston, Jan. 2, 1905.

N. M. DYER, Chairman,

Rear Admiral, U. S. N. (Retired),
ROBERT B. DIXON, M.D.,
Hon. JOHN READ, Late U. S. N.,

Board of Ccmmissioners.

F. STANHOPE HILL, Secretary.

26 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL. [Jan.

LEGAL AUTHORITY FOR THE SCHOOL.

AUTHORITY OF THE UNITED STATES.

[Chapter 339, June 20, 1874.]

An Act to encourage the Establishment of Public Marine

Schools.

That the secretary of the navy, to promote nautical education, is
hereby authorized and empowered to furnish, upon the application in
writing of the governor of the State, a suitable vessel of the navy,
with all her apparel, charts, books and instruments of navigatiou,
provided the same can be spared without detriment to the naval ser-
vice, to be used for the benefit of any nautical school or college hav-
ing a branch established at each or any of the ports of New York,
Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, San Francisco, Washing-
ton, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New Orleans, Baton Rouge,
Galveston, and in Narragansett Bay (Acts, 1881), upon the condi-
tion that there shall be maintained at such port a school, or branch
of a school, for the instruction of youths in navigation, seamanship,
marine enginery and all matters pertaining to the proper construction,
equipment and sailing of vessels, or any particular branch thereof.

And the president of the United States is hereby authorized, when
in his opinion the same can be done without detriment to the public
service, to detail proper officers of the navy as superintendents of or
instructors in such schools : provided, that if any such school shall
be discontinued, or the good of the naval service shall require it, such
vessel shall be immediately restored to the secretary of the navy,
and the officers so detailed recalled ; and provided ^ further, that no
person shall be sentenced to or received at such schools as a punish-
ment, or commutation of punishment, for crime.

AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.

[Chaftbb 402, Acts op 1891.]

An Act to establish a Nautical Training School.
Be it enacted, etc^ as follows :

Section 1. The governor with the advice and consent of the
council shall appoint, as soon as practicable after the passage of

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 27

this act, three citizens of this Commonlrealth, who shall constitute a
board of commissioners of the Massachusetts nautical ti*aining school,
and who shall hold office for terms of one, two and three years respec-
tively, from the first day of July in the year eighteen hundred and
ninety-one, and until their successors are appointed and qualified;
and before the first day in July in each year thereafter one commis-
sioner shall be appointed in like manner, to hold office for the term
of three years. Vacancies may be filled for the residue of a term by
appointment, and a commissioner may be removed at any time for
cause, to be stated in the order of removal. All appointments and
removals shall be made by the governor with the advice and consent
of the council.

Section 2. Said commissioners shall serve without compensation,
but they shall be reimbursed from the treasury of the Commonwealth
for all expenses actually incurred by them in the performance of their
official duties.

Section 3. Said commissioners shall provide and maintain a
nautical training school for the instruction and training of pupils in
the science and practice of navigation ; shall furnish accommodations
for the school on board a proper vessel; shall from time to time
purchase and provide such books, stationery, apparatus and supplies
as are needed in the work of the school ; shall appoint and remove
instructors and other necessary employees, and determine their com-
pensation ; shall fix the terms and conditions upon which pupils shall
be received and instructed in the school, and discharged or dismissed
therefrom ; and shall establish all rules and regulations necessary for
the management of the school. For the purpose of giving the pupils
of the school a practical knowledge of navigation and the duties of
mariners, said commissioners shall from time to time provide for the
making of cruises in or from the harbor of Boston.

Section 4. Said commissioners are authorized to receive from the
United States government, and to use for the accommodation of
the school, such vessel or vessels as the secretary of the navy may
detail for that purpose.

Section 5. In order to properly maintain the said nautical train-
ing school, the commissioners may expend a sum not exceeding fifty
thousand dollars, which shall be paid from the treasury of the Com-
monwealth on properly approved vouchers, which shall be approved
by the governor and council and presented to the auditor of the
Commonwealth for allowance in the same manner as other claims
against the Commonwealth : provided^ however^ that no expenditure
shall be made or allowed until a vessel suitable for the proposed
nautical training school shall have been furnished by the United

28 MASS. NAUTICAL TRAIMXG SCHOOL. [Jan.

States government and turned over to the Commonwealth, and the
same approved of and accepted by the governor and council.

Section 6. Said commissionere shall annually in the month of
January make a report to the legislature, presenting a detailed state-
ment of all moneys appropriated and expended for the purposes of the
nautical training school during the year preceding ; also stating the
results of the work during such year, and making such recommenda-
tions as seem to them proper.

Section 7. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [^Ap-
proved June 11^ 1891,

VOTE OF EXECUTIVE COUNCIL UPON ACCEPTANCE BY
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.

Commonwealth of Mabbaohusetts,

Council Chamber, Boston, Nov. 9, 1892.

The committee on military affairs, to whom was referred the matter
of the approval of tlie United States ship *' Enterprise " for the pur-
pose of a nautical training school, submit the following report.

E. V. Mitchell, for the Committee,

Chapter 402 of the Acts of the year 1891 provides for the estab-
lishment of a nautical training school in this Commonwealth, and
section 2 of said act authorizes an expenditure of fifty thousand
dollars to properly maintain the proposed school, and also provides
for the furnishing by the United States government of a suitable
vessel for such school which shall be turned over to the Common-
wealth and accepted by the Governor and Couucil; and whereas,
the United States having furnished a suitable vessel and the same
having been examined by the Executive Council, it is hereby —

Ordered^ That the United States ship " Enterprise " be approved
and accepted for the proposed nautical training school.

Approved in council, Nov. 9, 1892.

E. F. Hamlin, Executive Clerk.
A true copy.

Attest: E. F. Hamlin, Executive Clerk.

MASSACHUSETTS NAUTICAL TRAINING SCHOOL.

Establishment.

Under the authority of the above acts, the Secretary of the Navy,
on Oct. 28, 1892, turned over to the authorities of the State of
Massachusetts the United States steam sloop of war *^£oterprisei*'
as a vessel suitable for the purpose.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 42. 29

RECENT LEGISLATION.

[Chapter 171, Acts op 1903.]

An Act relative to the Amount which may annually be expended
FOR THE Maintenance of the Massachusetts Nautical Train-
ing School.

Be it enacted^ etc, as foliows :

Section 1 . Section five of chapter forty-five of the Revised Laws
is hereby amended by striking out the words " not more than fifty
thousand dollars," in the first and second lines, and inserting in place
thereof the words : — such sum as the general court may from year to
year appropriate, — so as to read as follows : — Section 5. They
may annually expend such sum as the general court may from year
to year appropriate, which shall be paid by the Commonwealth ; and
they shall annually submit an estimate of the expense required in
making cruises in or from the harbor of Boston, and the amount of
said estimate, after approval by the governor and council and subject
to the' provisions of chapter six, shall be advanced to the command-
ing oflficer of the vessel detailed therefor, who shall give a bond in the
sum of ten thousand dollars, with sureties approved by the governor
and council, for its proper disbursement. Said advance shall not
exceed ten thousand dollars for six months, and shall be accounted
for by properly approved vouchers, within thirty days after the
termination of said cruises.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage, [^p-
proved March 23^ 1903.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

REPORT

Board of Metropolitan Park
Commissioners.

J A'N U A U Y, 1905.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT ft POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Ovfioe S^jnAsc.

1905.

Appbotbd bt
Thb State Board of Publication.

CONTENTS.

PAQB

List of Officers, 8

Report of the Commissioners, 7

Report of the Secretary, IS

Report of the Landscape Architects, 39 .

Report of the Engineer, . ^^

Financial Statement, .76

Appendix:

Report on Improvement of the Upper Mystic River and

Alewife Brook by Means of Tide Gates and La^rgb

Drainage Channels, by John R. Freeman, Civil C^m-

GINEER,

OFFICERS.

Gommissloners.
WILLIAM B. DB LAS CASAS, Chairman,
EDWIN B. HASKELL. EDWIN U. CURTIS.

DAVID N. SKILLINGS. ELLERTON P. WHITNEY.

Landscape Architects.
Advisory.

OLMSTED BROTHERS.

Bnfflneer.
JOHN R. RABLIN.

Law and Glaims.
GEORGE LYMAN ROGERS.

Secretary.
JOHN WOODBURY.

Offices, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

di;omm0ntojealtb ai Passatj^tisjetts*

EEPORT.

The Metropolitan Park Commission presents herewith its
twelfth annual report.

The report of the Board for the previous year summarized
the legislation under which the Metropolitan Park System
was established and carried on, ^e acquirements already
made and the extent to w.hich they had been developed. It
is only necessary to repeat in this report that in 1903 the
Legislature reviewed the entire matter very fully, and pro-
vided, chapters 419 and 429 of the Acts ol that year, that this
work should be continued, both upon the parks and upon the
parkways, under appropriations which should severally be-
come available to the amount of $300,000 each year for five
years, beginning with 1903. It was understood tjiat these
continuing appropriations were to be used chiefly for the
purpose of developing acquirements already made to such a
point that, as far as possible, the entire system should be
brought into use within five years. During the past year,
therefore, this Board has, as in the previous year, given its
attention chiefly to maintaining the system already acquired
and developed, and to construction work and investigations
preliminary to construction work upon lands already ac-
quired. The only important acquirement of land which has
been made has been that of the small amount which was
needed to complete the holdings for Neponset River Park-
way between Paul's Bridge in Milton and the Blue Hills.
A considerable portion of this land was the gift of Dr.
George^ G. Kennedy. A connection is now assured with
the Boston Park System which will provide for a continuous

8 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

parkway from the Public Garden in Boston, by the Fenway,
Arnold Arboretum and West Roxbury Parkway of that sys-
tem, to Stony Brook Woods of the Metropolitan Park System
and thence to Blue Hills. Other small acquirements made
to perfect previous acquirements are described in detail in
the Secretary's accompanying report. Special mention may
be made of the acquirement of the historic mansion known
as the Dorothy Q. House and surrounding grounds in
Quincy, which form a natural adjunct and embellishment
to Furnace Brook Parkway. The Massachusetts Society of
Colonial Dames of America contributed one-half the cost of
this estate, and also expended a considerable further sum in
restoring the buildings, in pursuance of an agreement by
which they are permitted to preserve and open the house
to the public as a museum and notable example of an historic
colonial mansion. ^

Briefly stated, the Metropolitan Park System now includes
7,283.83 acres of woodland, 1,799.85 acres forming a front-
age of 47 miles of river bank, 163 acres forming a frontage
of 9.86 miles of seashore, and the land for 25.61 miles of
parkway. The details of these holdings are given in the
Secretary's report, and it need only be noted here that the
parkways are located and designed with the threefold object
of connecting the parks and reservations with each other, of
giving access to them from the most thickly populated por-
tions of the district, and of bringing the Metropolitan Park
System into connection with the more important local parks,
parkways or driving roads of the Metropolitan District.

The funds provided for these takings are gi'ouped under
three loans : the Metropolitan Parks Loan, under which the
parks and reservations have been acquired, now amounting
to $7,888,334.01, of which $5,102,931.29 has been expended
for land, $2,117,559.43 for development and $290,326.56
for sinking fund, interest and maintenance charges to Jan.
1, 1900; the Metropolitan Parks Loan, Series H., under
which the parkways have been acquired, now amounting to
$4,214,907.41, of which $1,405,726.17 has been expended
for land, $2,500,103.08 for development and $59,195.89 for
sinking fund and interest charges to Jan. 1, 1900 ; and the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 9

Nantasket Beach Loan, amounting to $705,881.50, of which
$603,329.57 has been expended for land and $102,551.93
for development. The claims arising out of the acquirement
of these lands are now so far settled that, including the
acquirements of the past year, they number only 42 of an
aggregate estimated value of $51,841.40. This estimate
may be somewhat exceeded in the final result of law suits,
but a safe balance is reserved for such contingency.

Construction work has been carried on rapidly and with
satis&ctory results. Wellington Bridge over Mystic River
for combined use of Fellsway and of the highways which
converge at that point, and a concrete dam across Charles
River at Newton Lower Falls to replace an unsafe wooden
structure, have been completed. Both were directed by
specific act of the Legislature. An attractive headquarters
building for upper Charles River has been completed in New-
ton near Weston Bridge, and minor buildings have been
completed for administration purposes in other reservations.
Sub-grading of the uncompleted portion of Revere Beach
Parkway, between Main Street, Everett, and Fellsway, with
the exception of some work on the bridges, has been com-
pleted. Necessary enlargements have been made in the
Speedway headquarters, a children's playground has been
established on the Fuller Wharf lot opposite, and a new
entrance to the Speedway has been provided by extension
of Everett Street for more direct approach from Boston^
Sub-grading of an approach to Quincy Shore has been com-
pleted from Atlantic, and sub-grading of the portion of
Furnace Brook Parkway between Adams Street, Quincy,
and Blue Hills Reservation, excepting the railroad bridge,
will be completed during December. The westerly road-
way of Neponset River Parkway from Paul's Bridge to Blue
Hill Avenue has been practically completed. The bridge
over Saugus River and the contract for a sea wall and grading
at Lynn Shore from Swampscott to Red Rock are well ad-
vanced toward completion. Contracts have been let for com-
pleting Revere Beach from Revere Street to the Point of
Pines, and for surfacing Lynnway and for dredging Mystic
River above Cradock Bridge. In the Blue Hills a roadway

10 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

from Harland Street to Hillside Street in extension of the
Blue Hills Parkway, and a path around the top of Great
Blue Hill, have been completed ; and a much-needed new
ofSce building near the Superintendent's headquarters on
Hillside Street has been nearly completed. In the Middle-
sex Fells a very attractive roadway has been built along the
easterly side of the lower Winchester Reservoir to join the
proposed road from the middle dam, and thence extended to
Forest Street opposite the southerly end of Spot Pond. The
cost of these roads will be paid, to the extent of $4,000, by
a gift from Messrs. Peter C. and Shepherd Brooks. These
and other less important pieces of construction work are
described in detail in the reports of the Secretary and the
Engineer.

Several important studies and investigations have been
made in preparation for future work. The most important
have been the preparation of plans for the Lynn-Nahant
Beach Bath-house, as specifically directed by the Legisla-
ture ; the hearings and surveys incident to petitions of the
Boston Elevated Railway and the Boston & Northern Street
Railway for electric car locations in Fellsway and Middle-
sex Fells; and a very serious investigation of the Mystic
River and its water-shed, to determine the advisability of
building a dam at Cradock Bridge near Medford Square.
An attractive building has been designed for the Lynn-
Nahant Beach Bath-house, and will soon be under contract
and probably completed in time for use during the summer
of 1905. The petitions for electric car routes raised very
important questions in regard to the advisability of admit-
ting electric cars to Middlesex Fells, and hearings were
given upon these petitions. So far as public opinion was
ascertained, it appeared that, while many lovers of the Mid-
dlesex Fells were deeply opposed to any grant of location
through the reservation, yet many other people who also
had a deep interest in this beautiful reservation and in the
park system were of the opinion that the usefulness of the
reservation would be greatly increased by a safe and well-
located electric car line to and through the reservation.
After these hearings and further consideration of the matter

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 11

the Oommission notified the electric railways, in a prelimi-
nary and informal way, that it would investigate the feasi-
bility of a location consistent with preserving the beauty of
the reservation and the safety and comfort of the people
using it. Such investigation, made with great care and
with the advice of the Landscape Architects and the En-
gineer of this Board, and of Mr. E. K. Turner, the eminent
railroad expert, resulted in suggestions for a location which
the Commission feel satisfied will be convenient for the pub-
lic and convenient and valuable for the petitioners, and at
the same time do little, if any, injury to the scenery and
quiet of the reservation. These suggestions are now in the
hands of the railway companies for detailed examination
preparatory to a formal grant of location. The line sug-
gested is in the reserved space of Fellsway from Broadway,
Somerville, to Elm Street, Medford, and thence in a location
separated from the driving roads and free from grade cross-
ings to South Street, in Stoneham, where connection may
be made with electric cars from Stoneham and the towns
beyond.

A dam at Cradock Bridge had been early suggested by
the Landscape Architects, with the idea of excluding tide
water from the upper Mystic, and of establishing a perma-
nent water level somewhat below the grade of the meadows.
It was thought that such a treatment would reduce the cost
of the roads and river bank improvement, improve the river
as a water-way and park, and lead, also, to an early develop-
ment of the considerable area of low land near by in Medford
and Somerville. But in the period since the acquirement of
the river banks by the Board in 1899 the cities of Somerville
and Cambridge and the towns of Arlington and Belmont,
acting together, had secured legislative authority, by chap-
ter 327 of the Acts of 1903, for improving the sanitary con-
dition of Alewife Brook and meadows which are tributary
to the upper Mystic River. It was learned that these cities
and towns were considering plans for this purpose, including
the suggestion of their engineer that tide gates be placed in
Alewife Brook where it empties into Mystic River. The
possibility that a dam at Cradock Bridge might hamper these

12 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

cities and towns in their desired sanitary improvement led
this Board to secure as expert adviser Mr. John R. Freeman
of Providence, the eminent engineer who had just completed
the investigations and report upon the great dam across
Charles River to replace Craigie Bridge, and to ask him to
make most searching investigations and report as to the
proposed dam at Oradock Bridge, especially with reference
to its effect upon any feasible sanitary improvement which
might be devised for Ale wife Brook and meadows. Mr*
Freeman entered into the investigation with peculiar qualifi-
cations, in addition to those of his professional experience,
from the fact that he had formerly been a member of the
Metropolitan Sewerage Board of this Commonwealth, and
had for some years lived in the Mystic Valley. He was
assisted in his work by the Engineering Department of this
Board, and by eminent bacteriologists and chemists con-
nected with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology'. The
cities and towns concerned were notified, and expressed their
courtesy and good-will by furnishing information and assist-
ance to Mr. Freeman, and by suspending action in regard to
their own investigations pending the receipt of Mr. Free-
man's report. They co-operated also in the passage of an
act by the Legislature, chapter 445 of the Acts of 1904,
authorizing this Board to build the proposed dam at Cradock
Bridge, provided it should be approved by the State Board
of Health and by the Harbor and Land Commissioners of this
Commonwealth and by the Federal authorities. Mr. Free-
man's report has been received in print, and is also printed,
without its accompanying appendices, photographs and larger
plans, as an Appendix to this report. His conclusions are
wholly favorable to the dam at Cradock Bridge according to
a design prepared by him, and indicate that such a dam
will not hinder, but will materially facilitate, any adequate
plan for sanitation of Alewife Brook. He also suggests that
the entire improvement may be made at one time by the two
boards acting in conjunction. This Board will now feel
justified in presenting the matter to the State Board of
Health, and asking for immediate authority to carry out the
portion of the matter which relates to Mystic River, but will

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 13

not feel that it has the authority or the funds to undertake
any other part of his suggestions. It is hoped, however,
that the cities and towns may be prepared to go on with their
portion of the work of improving Alewife Brook meadows
at an early date.

Each year as the Metropolitan Park System reaches a
greater degree of completeness its increasing usefulness is
apparent. More people use its various reservations and
parkways, and use them in more ways, and new opportuni-
ties for usefulness suggest themselves. Its present stage of
development has come rapidly, and the expenses of main-
tenance have consequently increased rapidly and must con-
tinue to increase somewliat as additional portions of the
system are completed. These expenses represent not only
the cost of administration and keeping in i*epair, which is
comparatively small, but also those of light and police,
which are the items of greatest cost in tho care of the
beaches and rivera to which the people resort in throngs at
certain seasons of the year. It is evident that these ex-
penses, however, are less than the aggregate of those which
would have to be borne by the separate municipalities if
they were to provide for their own people, or to give equal
protection and regulation to private enterprise in providing
such resorts. The Metropolitan Park System was established
because of a belief that the co-operation of the entire district
operating through one board would not only provide parks
which would otherwise be unobtainable, but would also
avoid the wastefulness of duplication of parks and pleasure
ways. The Commission has always kept this idea in mind,
and has endeavored as far as possible to provide in its ac-
quirements and developments, and even in the time and
manner of their use, that the parks and parkways should
provide for such incidental forms of usefulness as, without
material increase of cost, will save future larger expenditures
by the near-by cities and towns. For this reason some por-
tions of the parkways where they are of necessity located
through expensive lands have been designed not only to
provide for direct and comfortable passage between the
reservations and the broader park-like portions of the park-

14 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

ways themselves, but also have been located and designed
with a view to making pleasure travel between the cities
and towns of the district more comfortable. Some portions
of the parkways which lie along the probable line of future
necessity for electric car service have been built with a
reserved centre space between rows of trees to provide for
such car service ; such are Fellsway and a portion of Blue
Hills Parkway. Where the location for such a parkway has
necessarily, or more economically, paralleled an existing or
probable future highway, such a highway has been incor-
porated or provided for in the parkway, as in the Blue Hills
Pturkway, which has both a traffic road, formerly Mattapan
Street, and a pleasure roadway. Where a parkway has of
necessity been located between lands which were likely to
be used for factories, additional laud has been acquired to
provide for either a park-like strip between the factories
and the roadway or for outer traffic roads as future needs
may require ; such is a portion of Revere Beach Parkway.
In actual construction of these parkways, portions which do
not seem likely to be needed in the immediate future have
been omitted or a limited construction has been carried on,
so as to make the parkway immediately available without
unnecessary present expense. Wherever it has been neces-
sary to build bridges across rivers or railroads, such bridges
have been designed as &r as possible to provide for the gen-
eral travel which otherwise would require the building and
maintenance of a separate bridge in the immediate neighbor-
hood, or, if possible, an existing bridge has also been utilized
for the parkway. Obviously, local uses have thus been pro-
vided for and local expenses relieved, especially in regard to
lighting and policing, at Winthrop, Nahant, Lynn, Quincy
Shore and Nantasket Beach, and upon such portions of the
rivers as the boating section of upper Charles River. This
incidental effort to save local expense to municipalities of
the district has, however, been properly confined to those
services which have not added materially to the general ex-
pense of the system, nor detracted from its general character
and usefulness to the district as a whole. The Commission
has not as a rule felt justified in providing exclusive amuse-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 15

ments or conveDieoces of a purely local character, nor, un-
less specifically directed, in assuming the discharge of duties
which the Commonwealth has left to the separate municipal-
ities, nor, except in cases of great necessity, in providing
what is likely to be reasonably provided for by private
enterprise. The playgrounds and the bath-houses which
have been provided are no exception to this rule, because the
playgrounds are either at points like the one at Brighton,
where the entire water front is in the care of this Board, or
at other points where the city or town has contributed a
portion at least of the cost. The bath-houses are at points
where the entire bathing beach is in the custody of this
Board, and are so located as to accommodate the district as
a whole rather than to provide for mere local convenience.
They have all been built under special appropriations by
the Legislature, and, as no appropriations have ever been
made for their maintenance, a charge has been made to the
portion of the public which uses them sufficient to make
them self-supporting.

The maintenance and care of the reservations have been
generally excellent during the past year, and have reflected
credit upon the superintendents, police and employees to
whose immediate care they have been committed. This
duty is a very delicate one, especially in regard to policing.
The necessity for rules and regulations and for restriction of
individual freedom to maintain the usefulness of the reserva-
tions and parkways is not readily understood, even when
comparison is made between present conditions and those
which existed formerly, or which would now exist if no
restrictions were made. Yet woodland fires and killing of
birds must be prevented in woods reservations, even though
this is not generally done in near-by cities and towns ; auto-
mobiles must be excluded from woodland paths and from
places where great crowds resort, so long as any of these
vehicles are used recklessly or in a manner to even occasion-
ally cause horses to become unmanageable ; and the use of
the rivers for boating and even for private business must be
regulated when they become parks, and the public are, in
effect, invited to them under an implied promise of safety

16 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

and comfort in recreation. Occasionally sjiiipathy for the
young who are caught in moral delinquency causes temporary
excitement, and perhaps adverse criticism and opposition to
rules and to their enforcement. This is especially unfortu-
nate in the cases which have arisen in regard to rules which
are merely restatements of the common law, made to advise
the public of what the law requires, and to prevent indecent
conduct on the boating section of Charles River. Violations
of these rules have generally been prosecuted as violations
of common law, and only in cases in which the offence was
very evident, and has been found so by the court. The
public use of the Charles River will soon have increased to
the point where the public will undoubtedly require tliat,
as upon the only greater boating river of the world, — the
Thames in England, — boats and especially power launches
shall be licensed and numbered. Such a result will be as
much for the convenience and safety of the public as are
rules of the road and sea generally, and the licensing and
numbering of public conveyances and the use of private sig-
nals and flags on yachts and boats.

For some years, and indeed since the Commonwealth re-
laxed its work, the gypsy moth has been a serious menace
to the woodland reservations and parkways. The damage
from this pest appears to increase each year, although the
Commission, struggling with an inadequate appropriation
for this specific work, and the effect of inadequate work by
municipalities and private owners near the reservations and
parkways, have thus far prevented any serious damage within
the reservations or parkways. It is apparent, however, each
year that more determined and expensive work of defence is
necessary, and consequently that a larger appropriation must
be asked for this specific work. The Commission dislikes
to be obliged to ask for such increase in its appropriations,
and feels keenly that the expenditure of the large sum of
money which is required is for merely defensive work, which
will have to continue and even increase so long as it is pros-
ecuted as at present. The Board earnestly recommends
that, either under existing law or under some new enact-
ment, provision be made for immediate and effective sup-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 17

pression of this pest everywhere that it exists, and that such
work be placed under the direct control and supervision of
the Commonwealth, and, if possible, in such a way as to
secure the co-operation of the various municipalities and
boards of the State and of private owners ; and that pro-
vision also be made for immediate effort to find some para-
site or natural enemy, which will, after a few years, destroy
the pest, and so end the present terrible expense of merely
defensive work.

AH of which is respectfully submitted.

WILLIAM B. DE LAS CASAS.
EDWIN B. HASKELL.
EDWIN U. CURTIS.
DAVID N. SKILLINGS.
ELLERTON P. WHITNEY.

Dbc. 14, 1904.

18 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

Hon. WiLUAM B. DE LA8 Casas, Chairman^ Metropolitan Park Comr

mission.

Sir : — I herewith present my report for the year ending
Dec. 1, 1904. It is subdivided as follows: 1. Acquire-
ment of lands. 2. Administration. 3. Miscellaneous. 4.
Finances.

1. ACXJUIREMENT OF LaNDS.

The only important land taking during the present year
has been to secure the land in Milton necessary to complete
the Neponset Biver Parkway, which when constructed will
connect the Stony Brook Beservation in Hyde Park with
the Blue Hills Beservation in Milton. The strip of land
acquired this year is 1.12 miles in length and of varying
width, extending from the Neponset Biver near Pauls Bridge
to the Blue Hills. A considerable portion of this land was
given to the Commonwealth by Dr. George G. Kennedy.
Immediate construction of this parkway is not contemplated
except between Brush Hill Boad and Blue Hill Avenue. In
connection with this acquirement a small additional taking
was made, to accommodate the boundary line of the Blue
Hills Beservation to the entrance of the Parkway. These
takings, in connection with previous takings of this Com-
mission and the holdings of the Boston Park Commission,
provide the necessary land for a continuous parkway from
the Public Garden in Boston to the foot of Great Blue Hill
in Milton, a distance of 12.75 miles.

The Commission has recently acquired»a tract of about 1 1
acres in Winchester, which was originally included in the
boundaries of the Middlesex Fells, but was abandoned on
account of its apparent value to the owner in connection
with the development of other adjoining lands. Circum-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 19

stances having made the use of this land abandoned an-
necessary to the owner, it has now been purchased by the
Commission on favorable terms. Several small changes
have been made in the boundaries of the Charles River
Reservation. Additional land was acquired for necessary
enlargement of the headquarters building at the Speedway.
In co-operation with the city of Boston, land was acquired
for an entrance to the Speedway in extension of the north-
erly end of Everett Street in Brighton. The southerly end
of Everett Street is just beyond Union Square in Brighton,
and a very direct route from the centre of Boston to the
Speedway is thus provided by way of Beacon Street, Com-
monwealth Avenue and Everett Street. Changes in the
buildings of Lewando's Dye Works at Watertown Square
made it possible to secure from the owners land on the west-
erly side of Galen Street and along the left bank of the
Charles River, which will be needed when Charles River
Road is extended farther up the river. In Waltham the
Commission has purchased a narrow strip of land and the
half-flowed land adjoining it along the Mount Feake Ceme-
tery. Adjoining the Newton Boat Club House at River-
side the Commission has acquired an irregular-shaped lot
of land in exchange for a parcel farther down the river,
which was conveyed subject to such restrictions as will
ensure its development in a manner consistent with the
plans of the Commission. In Wellesley land has been con-
veyed by the town for street widenings, and a small tract
to be used as a local park put in the police control of the
local park commission. At Newton Lower Falls the Com-
mission found it necessary to abandon land taken for a
canoe-way through mill propei-ty, on account of the possi-
bility that the damages recovered in suit might exceed its
value to the public for that purpose. In Revere a portion
of the easterly end of Revere Street has been taken, in order
to improve the entrance of this street into the Revere Beach
Reservation. In Quincy the Commission, in co-operation
with the Massachusetts Society of Colonial Dames, has se-
cured the estate on Hancock Street occupied by the house
known as the '' Dorothy Q. House." The land forms a part

20 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

of the Furnace Brook Parkway, and the house will be main-
tained by the society as a colonial museum. Exchanges of
land have also been made between the owners of the Adams
estate and the Commonwealth, which appear to be of mutual
benefit and to improve the lines of this Parkway.

The accompanying table shows the area of land in the
reservations and parkways, and ,the length of the parkways.
It also shows the proportion of each contained in the respec-
tive cities and towns of the Metropolitan Parks District.

2. Administration.

No change has been made in the system of administration.
The work of the Commission is carried on through the
departments of the Landscape Architects (advisory), En-
gineering, Law and Claims, and Superintendence, each de-
partment reporting to the Commission through the Secretary.
The general office and Engineering Department are located
at 14 Beacon Street, in Boston. The force in the general
office, in addition to the Secretary, consists of three clerks
and stenographers, purchasing clerk, telephone clerk and
messenger. Two stenographers are also employed in the
Law Department. In the Engineering Department forty-
six persons are employed, in addition to the Chief Engineer.
The reservations and parkways are grouped in seven divi-
sions, each of which Is in charge of a superintendent who
has full charge of the police and laborers in his division.
The number of laborers employed varies both with the
season of the year and the amount of construction work on
hand. The police force is made up of 66 regular and 18
reserve officers ; there are also a few call officers. The police
are assigned and transferred from time to time according to
the particular needs of the different divisions, and in order
to keep the force intact they are required to assist in suit-
able work during the winter months. The increased use of
the reservations and unusual events requiring special atten-
tion ^md^jSig the police service during the summer of more
than usttfd'iihportance, and the members of the force are to
be comrrfended for the manner in which they met their
responsibilities.

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1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 21

Landscape Architects.

The report of Olmsted Brothers, the Landscape Advisers
of the Commission, is printed as an Appendix to this report..
Reference is made thereto for a statement of the services
which they have performed, and the explanations they de-
sire to make in connection with the work they are doing
for the Commission.

Engineering Department.

Owing to long-continued and serious illness, Mr. William
T. Pierce, who had filled the position of Chief Engineer
since this department was organized, felt compelled to retire
from that office. In accepting his resignation, the Commis-
sion placed on record their appreciation of his professional
and personal qualities, and their regret for the occasion of
his retirement. Mr. John R. Rablin, assistant engineer in
the department, and acting engineer during Mr. Pierce's
illness, was appointed Chief Engineer on September 28.

A large amount of construction work has been carried on
under the charge of this department during the past year.
The work of sub-grading Furnace Brook Parkway in Quincy
from Adams Street to the Blue Hills has been begun and is
in progress. A section of the Quincy Shore Reservation
from Atlantic to Squantum Street has been built to sub-
grade. The westerly roadway of the Neponset River Park-
way from Brush Hill Road to Blue Hill Avenue in Milton
is substantially completed and will be opened in the spring.
Wellington Bridge with its approaches, which carries the
Middlesex Fells Parkway and the highway across the Mystic
River between Somerville and Medford, is completed and
was opened to public travel on March 14. A drawtender's
house has been built on one of the draw piers. The final
section of Revere Beach Parkway from Main Street in
Everett to Fellsway in Medford has been built to sub-grade.
In connection with this work, steel bridges with granite
abutments were built to carry the parkway over the Saugus
Branch and Western Division of the Boston & Maine Rail-
road, and a pile bridge is in course of construction across

22 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

the Maiden River. This bridge includes a steel Sherzer
roller lift draw of 50-foot span, set on concrete piers. On
(Jharles Elver at Newton Lower Falls a concrete dam has
been built, in co-opei-ation with the R. T. Sullivan Com-
pany, who own the dam and water rights in common with
the Commonwealth. At the Speedway on the Charles River
in Brighton the Everett Street entrance, already described,
has been constructed, and a quarter-mile entrance to the
course built to the speeding road. Near the headquarters
building of the Speedway a vacant piece of land has been
improved as a children's pleasure grounds, and some simple
apparatus provided for exercise and amusement. Extensive
surveys and investigations along the Mystic River and Ale-
wife Brook have been conducted under the direction of Mr.
J. R. Freeman, Consulting Engineer, whose report is printed
with this report. This report has made it possible to begin
the work of improvement of the Mystic River, and a con-
tract is about to be made for grading roads along the river
between High and Main streets in Medford, Somerville and
Arlington. At Revere Beach a granolithic sidewalk has
been laid from Shirley Avenue to Revere Street. Concrete
foundations for shelters at Revere Street and Oak Island
have been built. The contracts for the superstructures have
already been made. The contract has been let and the work
begun of carrying the roadway along the beach from Revere
Street to the Northern Circle at the Point of Pines. This
development is to correspond with the completed section
from Charles Eliot Circle to Revere Street. The same con-
tract includes the surfacing of Lynn way which extends from
the Northern Circle to Saugus River. The Saugus River
Bridge is in course of construction and the pile bridge is
nearly completed. This bridge has a 50-foot draw opening,
with concrete draw piers and a steel Sherzer roller lift draw.
The piers are nearly ready for the installation of the draw,
but the bridge cannot be used until the approach on the
Lynn side, which is being built by the Massachusetts High-
way Commission, is completed. The sea wall at Lynn
Shore and King's Beach is substantially complete. This is
a continuous concrete wall with artificial stone coping of

1905.1 PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 23

novel desigD, extending from Red Bock in Lynn to Black
Will's CliflF in Swampscott, a distance of .79 mile. Its pur-
pose is to protect from the inroads of the sea the bluff which
is practically continuous between these two points. The
sub-grading of the roadway which runs along the land side
of the Lynn Shore Reservation and the grading of the slope
from the roadway to the top of the wall is in progress. A
three-rail iron fence is being built on the coping of the wall,
and a granolithic promenade 20 feet wide is to be constructed
along the inside of the coping the whole length of the wall.
The engineering details for new roads in the Blue Hills and
Middlesex Fells have been supplied by this Department.
The supervision of permits issued to public officials and
individuals for work to be done in the reservations and park-
ways is entrusted to the Engineering Department, and has
come tp be a matter of considerable amount and decided
importance. There lias also been the usual amount of plans
to prepare for the use of the various departments. The
details of the above-described work will be found in the
Engineer's report, printed herewith.

Law and Claims Department,

Very satis£BU)tory progress has been made this year in the
disposal of outstanding claims for land takings. In all, 46
claims have been settled either by suit or agreement, aggre-
gating in amount $140,506.41 ; of this amount, $123,172.07
was for land taken for reservations, and is divided as follows :
Charles River, 16 ; Ncponset River, 1 ; Mystic River, 4 ;
Quincy Shore, 3 ; Winthrop Shore, 4 ; Lynn Shore, 1 ;
Middlesex Fells, 1. The balance of $17,334.34 was paid
for land taken for parkways, divided as follows : Revere
Beach Parkway, 2; Middlesex Fells Parkway, 2; Furnace
Brook Parkway, 3 ; Neponset River Parkway, 9. There
are still outstanding 42 claims, divided as follows : reserva-
tions,— Blue Hills, 2; Charles River, 11; Neponset River,
10 ; Mystic River, 3 ; Quincy Shore, 1 ; Winthrop Shore, 1 ;
parkways, — Revere Beach, 5 ; Middlesex Fells, 4 ; Mystic
Valley, 2 ; Nahant Beach, 1 ; Neponset River, 2. Awards
and estimates in the^e cases amount to $51,841.40, but this

24 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

amount may be altered by verdicts in cases in suit. The
trial of cases is conducted by the Attorney-Generars Depart-
ment; and the other legal work of the Commission, with
the approval of the Attorney-General, is carried on by this
department, which continues to be in the charge of George
Lyman Rogers, Esq., with Stanley M. Bolster, Esq., as his
assistant.

Super intejidence.

The amount of routine work in the maintenance of the
reservations and parkways necessarily increases from year
to year with their development and construction and the
constantly increasing use by the public. This consists of
care of roadways and paths, forestry and fire protection in
the wooded .reservations, keeping the beaches clean, and
gradually improving the condition of the rivers. The extent
and method of handling this work have been previously
described, and do not call for special mention. Matters of
special interest are noted below under their proper divisions.

Blue Hills Division: Frank Dings, Superintendent.

Charles Eliot Memorial Path on Great Blue Hill has been
completed. This path, connecting with the path up the hill
near the summit, passes around the summit and over the
memorial bridge built by friends of the late Charles Eliot,
Landscape Architect of both this and the preliminary Met-
ropolitan Park Commission. It affords opportunities for
extensive views in all directions over the reserv^ation and
the surrounding country. At the foot of Great Blue Hill a
waiting room and platform have been built by the Blue Hill
Street Railway Company, and a sanitary building has been
erected by the Commission at the entrance of the path up
the hill. On Hillside Street a building is under construc-
tion, which will be used as superintendent's office and police
station. This building is grouped with the superintendent's
house and reservation stable and outbuildings, according to
a plan which makes this point the headquarters of the reser-
vation. The stable yard has been enclosed by a wall built
of stone gathered from the neighboring land. Some forestry
', work has been done in thinning, mostly in the Pierce devise,

MIDDLESEX FELLS RESERVATION,
i gypsy moth* depotiting eggs on tree

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 25

and by planting 5,000 pine seedlings in various localities.
From the circle at Canton Avenue one roadway of the Blue
Hills Parkway has been built to the boundary line of the
Blue Hills Reservation, and thence through the reservation
to a junction with Hillside Street near the headquarters
building and only a short distance from Hoosickwhisick
Pond. This road has been built by the forces of the reser-
vation, under the direction of the superintendent and the
supervision of the supervisor of construction. In connection
with Blue Hill Avenue in Boston and the portion of the
Blue Hills Parkway already constructed in Milton from
Mattapan to Canton Avenue, it furnishes a direct parkway
road from Grove Hall in Boston into the centre of the reser-
vation. A bridle path has 'been laid out in the centre space
of the Blue Hills Parkway from Brook Road to Canton
Avenue, and a portion of the easterly roadway is used as
a speedway on certain days. The other reservations and
parkways in this division have only called for general care,
and such encouragement to vegetation and tree growth as
can be carried on with the small laboring force employed.

Middlesex Fells Division: C. P. Price, Superintendent,
The Middlesex Fells Reservation is peculiarly exposed to
the depredations of the gypsy moth. It borders on the
territory in which this insect pest made its first appearance,
and the southern portion of the reservation was gone over
for several years very thoroughly by forces acting under the
direction of the Gypsy Moth Committee of the State Board
of Agriculture. Since the work of that Board was discon-
tinued, the Commission through its own forces has each year
spent as much as was at its disposal for this purpose, and
made every reasonable eflEbrt to keep the Fells free from
the moth. This effort has been reasonably successful until
this last year, when the reservation was attacked from so
many directions that the Commission was unable, with the
means at its conmiand, to prevent a serious incursion of this
pest beyond the borders of the reservation. The Commission
expended not only a special appropriation made for the
purpose, but also used portions of its maintenance funds

26 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

which were much needed for other purposes, in the effort to
meet this critical situation, but was only partially success-
ful. It seems clear that, until some efficient means are found
to prevent the increase of the moth on lands outside of and
adjacent to the Fells, the future of this forest reservation is
in grave danger. It is also certain that a considerable sum
will be required to remove the danger from the incursion
suffered this last season. The Commission now has a con-
siderable portion of its plan prepared by its Landscape
Architects for the improvement of the tree growth of this
region, and it is evident that judicious thinning in certain
localities is not only desirable from the standpoint of good
forestry, but will also aid considerably in the fight which
must necessarily continue against the ravages of the moth.
A new and interesting road has been built by the forces of
the reservation, under the direction of the superintendent
and with the supervision of the supervisor of construction.
It is .59 mile in length, and extends from the east dam of
the Winchester South Reservoir to Porter's Cove at the
southerly end of Spot Pond. Its connection with the Whit-
more Brook Entrance in West Medford provides a direct
route from that part of the district into the heart of the
Fells. A branch to this road will be built in the spring
along the east side of the reservoir, to connect with the road
crossing the Causeway and leading into the Mystic Valley
Parkway at the head of Mount Vernon Street in Winchester.
Surveys are also being made for a short piece of road along
the south shore of Spot Pond from Forest Street to the half-
mile road, as it is called, and when this is completed a road-
way will have been provided around the entire shore of this
beautiful sheet of water. The Superintendent of the Fells
has for several years been making a collection of birds and
small mammals at the headquarters building on Pond Street
at the head of Spot Pond. This collection has proved very
interesting to the public, and is largely visited, especially
considering the fact that it is several miles to the nearest
steam or street railway. On one Sunday this fall a count
showed the number of visitors to have been 1,140 on that
day alone. The ducks in Dark Hollow Pond and the sheep

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 27

at the Chandler Faiin have also created interest. Mystic
Valley Parkway and Reservation and the Middlesex Fells
Parkway are in the midst of the moth-infested district, and
the preservation of the trees in these public holdings has
required considerable work. The work of improving Ginn
Field in Winchester has been completed according to agree-
ment with Mr. Edward Ginn, who gave the land as a part of
the Mystic Valley Parkway. Wellington Bridge is a part
of the Middlesex Fells Parkway, and since its completion
and opening has been in the charg0 of the Superintendent
of this Division.

Revere Beach Division : H. W. West, Superintendent.
A granolithic sidewalk extending substantially from Shir-
ley Avenue to Revere Street was completed early in the
summer, and has proved to be a great convenience to the
large numbers of people who use this reservation. During
the summer several iron posts of an old pier which formerly
existed at Shirley Street showed themselves above the sur-
face of the beach at low tide ; these were successfully pulled
out, and a danger of injury to bathers removed. The sea-
son at the bath-house was much better than the two previous
years, but still considerably behind that of three years ago.
The bath-house was used by 141,216 persons, of whom
89,182 were males and 52,034 were females. The bath-
house was opened on June 15 and closed on September 11.
The total of receipts for the season was $30,441.55 and the
expenditures $26,825.95 for the year. The experiment was
tried of making bathing suits at the bath-house during the
winter months, and proved successful both from a practical
and pecuniary point of view. For the present it is intended
to do the laundry work of the Nahant Beach Bath-house at
Revere, and this will necessitate enlargement and much-
needed improvements and renewals in the laundry plant at
the Revere Bath-house. The other reservations and park-
ways of this division have not required any work of note
outside of general care.

28 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan,

Charles Riveb Reservation, Riverside Section : A. N. Habberlet,

Superintendent.

The headquarters building at the end of Commonwealth
Avenue in Newton was completed and occupied early in the
year. It provides now for superintendent's oflSce, police
station, boat house, and an emergency accident room. One
hundred and sixty-four capsizing accidents have been re-
ported. Forty-two of these represent rescues by the police,
and most of the others have been brought to the emergency
room either for assistance or convenience. Five drowning
accidents occurred during the year. The river was largely
used for canoeing and boating, and frequent concerts were
given at diflTerent points of the river during the summer
under the auspices of several of the boating associations.
The buildings at Forest Grove were repaired and were used
by numerous picnic parties, as was also the grove at Hem-
lock Gorge. The increasing use of the boating section of
the river has made it necessary to more frequently go over
the river banks and remove the ru])bish and papers which
inevitably collect under such circumstances. Considerable
has been done in the improvement of the vegetation along
the banks of the river.

Charles River Reservation, Speedway Section : John L. Gilman,

Superintendent .

Last winter, at the request of gentlemen connected with
the driving clubs of the district, the Commission made ar-
rangements for speeding on the snow at the Speedway. An
unusual fall of snow and continued cold weather made it
possible to provide ten weeks of continuous sleighing, which
was enjoyed by a large number of people, and enlivened by
a considerable amount of racing under safe and satisfactory
conditions. The Club House of the Metropolitan Driving
Club opposite the half-mile pole was completed and occupied
early in the season, and very interesting racing events have
been carried on at the Speedway under the auspices of the
Club. The usual Speedway Parade took place on June 18.
The headquarters building at the Market Street end of the
Speedway have been enlarged this year to meet the increased

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 29

needs of administration. Other imi)rovements have been
made to provide for the convenience of the portion of the
public using the Speedway, such as the lighting of the road,
a (Quarter-mile entrance for winter use, a telephone signal
system of timing, and improved methods of watering. Some
planting has been done on Charles River Road in Water-
town, and considerable work has been required in the Res-
ervation and at Fresh Pond Parkway in removing nests of
the gypsy and brown-tail moths. The Gillespie & Pierce
Wharf buildings at Western Avenue have been torn down
and removed. The dike along the river has also been re-
paired where needed.

Beaver Brook Reservation: Robert Elder, SuperinUnderU,
This reservation continues to be very largely used, espe-
cially by picnicking parties, to which it is so easily accessi-
ble by electric street railways. The aim has always been
to preserve its natural conditions, but additional paths are
necessary in certain portions if attractive vegetation is to be
saved. The Landscape Architects have completed plans for
future development, and it is now possible, whenever new
paths are required, to so build them that they will harmonize
with the final plan. The brown-tail moth has severely
attacked the important tree growth of this reservation, and
considerable work will be required this winter to prevent
serious damage. Some of the bridges across the brook have
been renewed this year, but beyond ttiis, only general care
has been required.

Kantaskbt Beach Reservation : Moody Leighton, Superintendent,
No important changes have been made at this reservation
during the past year. Repairs have been made to the exist-
ing buildings, and the hotel repainted. The dormitory oc-
cupied by the officers has been improved by raising the roof
and making other alterations. The bath-house was used
by 25,412 people, of whom 14,09() were males and 11,316
females. The total of receipts, including amount received
from sale of steam to tenants, was $7,425.3(), and the total
of expenditures was $8,807.16. On the land side of Nan-
tasket Avenue directly opposite the southerly portion of the

30 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

reservation a large amusement park is being constructed by
private enterprise, on similar lines to the well-known Luna
P&»rk at Coney Island.

3. Miscellaneous.

The plans submitted by the Landscape Architects for tlie
improvement of Mystic River suggested a dam to be built
at or near Cradock Bridge in Medford, for the purpose of
maintaining the water in the river above that point at a con-
stant level, and excluding the extreme tides which now flood
the large area of land in the basin of Mystic River and Ale-
wife Brook in Medford, Somerville, Cambridge, Arlington
and Belmont. The condition of the portion of this area
tributary to Alewife Brook has for a long time caused con-
siderable anxiety to the health authorities of the towns and
cities bordering thereon, and a special commission, consist-
ing of town and city officials, was created to consider the
questions involved by chapter 327 of the Acts of 1903. It
was evident that the two questions of improvement of health
conditions and development of park areas were so related
that an investigation of one involved a careful examination
of the other. As the special commission had not fully
formulated their method of procedure, they expressed them-
selves willing to await the result of an independent investi-
gation of the whole question, which this Commission had
determined was necessary. For this purpose the Commission
secured the services of Mr. John R. Freeman, who had re-
cently finished a similar investigation into the conditions of
the Charles River for the Charles River Dam Committee.
The main body of Mr. Freeman's report is printed as an
Appendix to this report, and the material upon which it is
based has been printed for the use of the official bodies in-
terested and the State Board of Health, who are to give
further consideration to the matter under the provision of
chai)ter 445 of the Acts of 1904.

A portion of the exhibit of the Metropolitan Parks System,
originally prepared by this Commission and exhibited at the
Paris Exposition of 1900 and subsequently at the Pan-
American Exhibition at Buffalo, was, at the request of the

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 31

State Commission, sent to the Louisiana Purchase i^xposi-
tion at St. Lquis, where it was honored by a certificate of a
gold medal. It is now by authority of the Legislature to
be transferred to the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition,
which is to be held next spring at Portland, Oregon.

Hearings were given in March to the Boston Elevated
Railway Company on its petition for a location in Middle-
sex Fells Parkway and Reservation from Broadway in Som-
erville to the boundary line between Medford and Stoneham,
and to the Boston & Northern Street Railway Company on
its petition for a location in the Middlesex Fells Reserva-
tion from the Medford-Stoneham line to the junction of Main
and South streets in Stoneham. Following these hearings a
study was made by the Landscape Architects and Engineer
of the Commission, in conjunction with Mr. E. K. Turner,
who was employed as consulting railroad engineer, to de-
termine, if possible, a pmcticable route for an electric car line
through the reservation. After receiving their report the
Commission prepared tentative drafts fbr locations to be
granted upon these petitions, but before acting finally upon
them deemed it desirable to submit them to the two com-
])anies for such suggestions as they* might desirie to make,
and they are now being considered by the companies.

4. Finances.

The following tables show in brief form the expenditures

under the various park loans for the year ending Dec. 1,

1904; —

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund.

Bhie Hills Reservation : —

Miscellaneous, f 21, 995 08

121,995 08

Middlesex Fells Reservation : —

Land $401 00

Miscellaneous, 11,443 51

11,844 61

Revere Beach Reservation : —

Miscellaneous 131,748 61

31,748 61

Stony Brook Reservation : —

Miscellaneous, fid 13

18 18

32 METROPOLITAN PARKS.

Beaver Brook Reservation : —

MiscellaDeous, ^66 56

Hemlock Gorge Reservation : —

Miscellaneous, 98 SO

Charles River Reservation : —

Land |43,951 26

Miscellaneous, 34,897 63

Neponset River Reservation : —

Land tl7,824 41

Miscellaneous, 2,654 37

Mystic River Reservation : —

Land 922,891 33

Miscellaneous, 15,673 49

Lynn Shore Reservation : —

Land, |109,219 11

Miscellaneous, 45,291 34

Quincy Shore Reservation : —

Land t7,552 72

Miscellaneous, 28,020 96

Winthrop Shore Reservation : —

Land, 916,893 85

Miscellaneous, 2,623 60

King^s Beach Reservation : —

Miscellaneous, . . . • . f 172 25

Wellington Bridge : —

Miscellaneous, ..... 941,439 80

Winthrop Parkway : —

Miscellaneous, |72 47

General expense,

[Jan.

956 56

8 30

78,848 88

20,478 78

38,564 82

154,510 45

35,573 68

19,517 45

172 25

41,439 80

72 47
5,133 24

f459,983 01

Metkopolipan Parks Loan Fund, Series II.

Blue Hills Parkwav : —

Miscellaneous, 13^1^22 41

Middlesex Foils Parkway: —

Land

Miscellaneous,

t4,744 49
10,966 85

939,822 41

15,711 34

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 33

Mystic Valley Parkway : —

Miscellaneous, ..... #3,525 29

Revere Beach Parkway : —

Land |23,835 66

Miscellaneous, 246,400 19

NeiK>nset River Parkway : —

Land f9,432 77

Miscellaneous 13,798 80

Fresh Pond Parkway : —

Miscellaneous, >164 90

Furnace Brook Parkway : —

Land,p f6,329 94

Miscellaneous, 5,705 17

Nail ant Beach Parkway : —

Miscellaneous, t^21 82

Charles River Speedway : —

Miscellaneous, H3,271 64

Blue Hills Roads : —

Miscellaneous, $637 58

$8,525 29

270,285 85

28,226 57

164 90

12,035 11

421 82

43,271 64

637 53

426 75

53,100 96

735 38

Middlesex Fells Roads : —

Miscellaneous, $426 75

Lynnway : —

Miscellaneous, $53,100 96

Middlesex Fells and Lynn Woods: —

Miscellaneous, $785 88

Spy Pond Parkway : —

Miscellantous, $57 43

- - 67 43

General expense, 4,876 18

$467,749 11
Xantasket Beach Loan.

Land $1,786 61

$1,786 61

The following tables .sftow the total amount expended in
each loan and the cost of each reservation and parkway to
Dec. 1, 1904, and the anoiounts charged bv the Auditor's
department to meet the sinking fund and interest re(|uire-
ments to Jan. 1, 1900 : —

34 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund.

Blue Hills Reservation : —

Land, $369,369 79

Miscellaneous, 2H6,200 19

Middlesex Fells Reservation : —

Land, $686,782 43

Miscellaneous, 221,297 01

lievere Beach Reservation : —

Land, fl,162,747 67

Miscellaneous, 612,163 17

Stony Brook Reservation : —

Land f280.281 37

Miscellaneous, 76,670 34

Beaver Brook Reservation : —

Land, f29,819 29

Miscellaneous, 22,098 69

Hemlock Gorge Reservation : —

Land, f63,264 00

Miscellaneous, 16,311 06

Charles River Reservation : —

Land, . / $1,468,448 82

Miscellaneous, 246,962 69

Xeponset River Reservation : —

Land, $207,211 18

Miscellaneous, 46,632 16

Mystic River ReseiTation : —

Land, $236,169 48

Miscellaneous, 36,860 61

Lynn Shore Reservation : —

Land $227,018 01

Miscellaneous, 47,066 47

Quincy Shore Reservation : —

Land, a $70,984 66

Miscellaneous, 36,008 82

Winthrop Shore Reservation : —

Land, $43,041 48

Miscellaneous, 162,463 56

$626,669 98

907,079 44

1,774,910 84

356,851 71

61,917 8^

.68,666 06

1,716.411 41

262,843 33

272,009 99

274,074 48

105,998 37

206,605 03

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 35

Hart^s Hill Reserration : —

Land, $10,000 00

Miscellaneous, lOS 96

110,103 95

King^s Beach Reservation : —

Land $28,847 21

Miscellaneous, 1,448 68

25,295 89

West Roxbury Parkway : —

Land $244,976 01

Miscellaneous, 8,313 67

Wellington Bridge : —

Miscellaneous, $180,374 29

Winthrop Parkway : —

Miscellaneous^ ' $72 47

253,289 68

180,374 29

72 47

General expense, . . *. 141,622 98

Sinking fund requirements to 1896, .
Care and maintenance* to July 1, 1896,
Care and maintenance, July 1, 1896, to Jan

1,1897,

Sinking fund assessment for 1897,
Sinking fund assessment for 1898,
Sinking fund assessment for 1899,
Interest, .....

$7,220,490 72
$18,980 18
85,813 46

19,604 06
63.630 70
9,755 55
64,224 00
23,318 61
290,326 56

Total charged to Dec. 1, 1904, $7,510,817 28

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund, Series II.

Blue Hills Parkway : —

Land $133,492 02

Miscellaneous, 240,442 96

$378,934 98

Middlesex Fells Parkway : —

Land, $224,295 64

Miscellaneous, ..... 448,691 01

Mystic Valley Parkway : —

Land, $201,988 40

Miscellaneous 214,822 70

672,986 65

Revere Beach Parkway : —

Land $535,768 56

Miscellaneous, 768,651 71

416.811 10

1.804.420 27

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

Neponset River Parkway : —
Land, ....
Miscellaneous,

Fresh Pond Parkway : —
Land, .
Miscellaneous,

Furnace Brook Parkway : —
Land, ....
Miscellaneous,

Nahant Beach Parkway : —
Land, ....
Miscellaneous,

Charles River Speedway : —
Miscellaneous,

Blue Hills Roads : —
Miscellaneous,

Middlesex Fells Roads :
Miscellaneous,

Stony Brook Roads : —
Miscellaneous,

Lynnway : —
Land, •
Miscellaneous,

Middlesex Fells and Lynn Woods : —
Miscellaneous, . . . .

Spy Pond Parkway : —
Miscellaneous,

#45,837 03
20,123 U

142,286 25
22,213 94

tl35,617 49
16,989 83

t65,940 78
4,049 21

1516,340 77

t6,846 71

146,137 32

137,183 45

120,500 00
64,372 14

$5,417 65

186 87

General expense, .

Sinking fund requirement for 1896,
Sinking fund assessment for 1897,
Sinking fund assessment for 1898,
Sinking fund assessment for 1899,
One-half interest,

$65,960 17

64,500 19

152,606 82

69,989 99

516,840 77

6,846 71

46,137 82

37,183 45

84,872 14

5,417 65

86 87
87,784 17

$3,905,829 25

$3,650 08
14,057 10
8,765 08
15,396 00
22,327 68

59,195 89

Total charged to Dec. 1, 1904, $8,965,025 14

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

Nantasket Beach Loan.

Land 1608,829 67

Miscellaneous, 102,551 98

Total charged to Dec. 1, 1904, 1^05,881 50

The appropriations heretofore made are as follows : —

Mbtropoutan Parks Loan Fund.

Original appropriation, chapter 407, Acts of 1893, .
First Revere Beach Act, chapter 483, Acts of 1894, .
Charles River Act, chapter 509, Acts of 1894, .
Second Revere Beach Act, chapter 305, Acts of 1895,
General appropriation, chapter 466, Acts of 1896,
General appropriation, chapter 464, Acts of 1897,
General appropriation, chapter 530, Acts of 1898,
Revere Beach Bath-house Act, chapter 142, Acts of 1899,
Greneral appropriation, chapter 396, Acts of 1899,
Charles River Improvement Act, chapter 465, Acts of 1900
Fuller's Wharf Act, chapter 467, Acts of 1900, .
Greneral appropriation, chapter 445, Acts of 1901,
Mystic River Bridge Act, chapter 492, Acts of 1901, .
General appropriation, chapter 290, Acts of 1903,
Newton Upper Falls Bridge Act, chapter 391, Acts of 1903,
Continuing appropriation, chapter 429, Acts of 1903, for

1903

For 1904,

Nahant Beach Bath-house Act, chapter 326, Acts of 1904, .

To provide for interest and sinking fund requirements to
1900, chapter 311, Acts of 1897,

f 1,000,000 00
500,000 00
300,000 00
500,000 .00

1,000.000 oo
500,000 00

1,000,000 00
125,000 00
300,000 00
50,000 OO
30,0000 00
450,000 00
200,000 00
125,000 OO
40,000 00

300,000 00

70,000 00

f 6,790,000 00

900,000 00

Total amount of loans, $7,690,000 00

Amounts received from sales of buildings, receipts from

bath-house, fines, etc., 198,334 01

Total $7,888,334 01

Total charged to loans, 7,510,817 28

Balance remaining in hands of State Treasurer, . $377,516 73^

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund, Series II.

Original boulevard, chapter 288, Acts of 1894, .
General appropriation, chapter 472, Acts of 1896,
General appropriation, chapter 521, Acts of 1897,

$500,000 OO

500,000 00

1,000,000 00

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

Saugus Bridge Aet, chapter 547, Acts of 1898, .
General appropriation, cliapter 428, Acts of 1899,
Mattapan Bridge Act, chapter 443, Acts of 1900,
Winchester Act, chapter 444, Acts of 1900,
Revere Beach Parkway Act, chapter 445, Acts of 1900,
General a4>propriation, chapter 172, Acts of 1902,
General appropriation, chapter 359, Acts of 1903,
Continuing appropriation, chapter 419, Acts of 1908, for

1903,

For 1904,

$100,000 00
500,000 00
75.000 00
50,000 00
200,000 00
450,000 00
110,000 00

300,000 00
800,000 00

$4,085,000 00
To provide for interest and sinl^ing fund requirements to

1900,chapter3ll, Acts of 1897 100,000 00

Total amount of loans, 14,185,000 00

Receipts from sales, etc., 29,907 41

Total, $4,214,907 41

Total of amounts charged to loans, 8,965,025 14

Balance remaining in hands of State Treasurer,

$249,882 27

Nantasket Beach Loan.
Appropriation, chapter 464, Acts of 1899,
Appropriation, chapter 456, Acts of 1901,

Total amount of loans, .
Receipts from rents, etc., .

Total, ...
Total of amounts charged to loans. •

Respectively submitted, .

$600,000 00
100,000 00

$700,000 00
5,881 50

$705,881 50
705,881 50

^Bc. 1, 1904.

JOHN WOODBURY,

Secretary.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 4«. 39

EEPORT OF THE LANDSCAPE ARCHI-

TECTS.

Hon. William B. de lab Casas, *

Chairman Metropolitan Park Commissiont Boston^ Mass.

Sir: — We beg to submit the following report for the
jear ending Nov. 30, 1904 : —

The duties of the Landscape Architects during the past
year, as in previous years, have in the main fallen into
three divisions : first, we have examined into various prop-
ositions referred to us by the Commission, and have sub-
mitted reports, frequently accompanied by preliminary or'
general plans, suggesting how the projects might be carried
out; second, we have been called into consultation with the
Engineering Department in preparing detailed plans for con-
struction work with which that department has been charged
in the execution ot general plans adopted by the Commis-
sion ; third, we have been called into consultation with the
Department of Superintendence in regard to various matters
of minor construction, of planting and forestry work and of
' maintenance, with the execution of which that department
is charged. Details of the various matters with which we
have been concerned are to be found in most cases in the
reports of the departments responsible for the execution of
the work. Briefly, we have during the year compiled 6
topographical maps, prepared 61 record studies, '28 prelim-
inary an4 general plans, 6 grading plans, 16 sets of profiles
and sections, 7 other construction plans and 9 planting and
forestry plans, and have submitted 54 written reports and
explanatory letters.

Among the most important matters of general planning
upon which we have been engaged during the year are the
following : a system of permanent road lines, planned to

40 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

• give access to the scenery of the eastern part of the Blue

Hills Reservation, the road plan for the western portion
having already been adopted ; projects for a possible ulti-
mate development of the Quincy Shore Reservation through
an extensive improvement of the wide tidal flats that border
this shore, studied in order to plan intelligently for the im-
mediate construction to meet present needs ; a revised proj-
ect for the treatment of the southerly end of the Revere
Beach Reservation and possible connections southward
toward Winthrop Beach ; a revised project for arrangements
in connection with the proposed bath-house at Xahant Beach,
and its surroundings and approaches ; various alternative
projects for dealing with the two closely related problems
of arranging for the necessary means of convenient approach
to the Middlesex Pells by electric cars, and of avoiding
unreasonable permanent obstruction of general street traffic,
including electric cars, between the regions north and south
of the Fells, in such a manner as not to sacrifice essential
elements in the value of the reservation ; and, finally, a pro-
longed study, in consultation with Mr. John R. Freeman
and the P^ngineering Department, of the problems connected
with the imi)rovement of the upper Mystic River and Ale-
wife Brook.

Of the numerous matters with which we have had to do
in connection with the Department of Superintendence, none
have given us more concern than those connected with the
forest management of the Middlesex Fells. The increase in
the numbers of the gypsy moth and the consequent damage
t/O the woodlands of the Middlesex Fells have brought more
than ever to the front a difficult and discouraging problem.

We believe that a forest of deciduous trees infested by the
moth may be preserved from complete destruction and even
from serious permanent injury without resort *o radical
measures in the way of tree cutting, but only by those who
are in a position to disregard the great annual cost of keep-
ing the number of insects down to the point where their
ravages do not exceed the recuperative powers of the vege-
tation, — an annual cost which is bound to continue for many
/^ *^' ' years without material reduction, and the end of which no

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 41

one can now foresee. To estimate that cost precisely is
difficult, but in the opinion of the Superintendent of the
Reservation it varies from $50 to $200 per acre per annum,
according to the character of the woods, — an estimate which
our own observation of such work, both on the reservation
and on private lands, would tend to confirm. Among pines
and hemlocks, however, the case is diflferent. These trees
are not only more difficult to free from the pest, but if once
seriously attacked and stripped by the insects they are iiTe-
coverably lost. It is the increasing number of trees thus
being killed, and the size and the immense importance of
these conifers in the landscape of many parts of the Fells,
that give a special insistence, quite apart from the mere
question of economy, to the need of radical measures to pre-
vent the spread of the insects to regions thus far exempt.

Within an infested district the thoroughness of the control,
as well as the economy with which it can be effected, increases
as the number of trees to be inspected and sterilized is de-
creased. For these reasons we have recommended severe
cutting in the infested districts, so as to leave for concen-
trated protection and care those trees, and those trees only,
which will be needed during the next fifteen or twenty years
in order to secure thereafter in each compartment of the
reservation that kind of woodland scenery for which we be-
lieve it to be best adapted. For some years to come the
woods in these quarantined districts will have a very naked
appearance, and the Commission should expect sharp criti-
cism from short-sighted, or ill-informed tree lovers, who wish
to have their cake and eat it too, — or let the caterpillara
eat it for them. In the long run, however, we feel very
confident that the cuttings we have recommended will prove
not an injury to the woodland beauty of the Fells, but a
decided, even if somewhat sudden and painful, step in its
better development.

The cutting has been done under no influence of panic
aroused by the gypsy moth situation, but in accordance with
a consistent general plan for forest management which we
have been maturing for several years; although it is true
that in the infested districts wc have been led to recommend

42 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

at once an amount of cutting which might otherwise have
extended over a considerable space of time.

During the long-continued management of large bodies of
scenery for public recreation, developments are bound to take
place which radically alter the appearance of the scenery, —
it may be for the better, it may be for the worse ; dependent,
as it is, upon the life of plants and the actions of men and
the elements, it cannot remain unchanged. These altera-
tions in the landscape are determined partly by the system-
atic growth and decay of trees and plants in accordance with
natural laws more or less clearly understood, and partly by
the cumulative effect of the innumerable decisions upon mat-
ters of trifling individual importance which are made from
day to day and year to year in the management and use of
the reservations. Where large tracts are concerned there
is an inevitable tendency toward averaging all the land-
scapes, toward bringing them more and more to a single
type ; and, even though the character thus gradually arising
be in itself an admirable one, it destroys the peculiar value
which such large tracts possess in the possibility of securing
contrast and variety of scenery without discordance. The
danger is a very real one, even though it be recognized by
the successive commissioners, landscape architects, superin-
tendents, or whoever may be mainly responsible as time
goes on for the successive controlling decisions. Personal
ideas and preferences differ, unforeseen contingencies arise,
and no later manager who is worthy of the responsibility
placed upon him can rely wholly upon the decisions or
advice of his predecessor ; even in the very effort to main-
tain and emphasize a difference in character between two
landscapes, he will shape them toward somewhat different
ideals from those of his predecessor ; in the long run, these
differences in human control tend to average themselves
rather indiscriminately, and, since natural conditions are
comparatively uniform, there is apt to result an uninspiring
sameness of landscape character.

It is as a tool to help in guarding against this danger that
the forestry plan of the Middlesex Fells has been prepared.
As it now stands, the plan is much less detailed and specific

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 43

than we had expected to make it, — very much less so than
the partial plans, studies and notes from which it is made up.
We are convinced that to impose a minutely detailed plan
of action upon those who are to be responsible for guiding
the development of the scenery of the Reservation in the
future would hamper their freedom to avail themselves
adequately of the fortuitous elements which play such a
large part in the charm of scenery, especially woodland
scenery, and would tend tp a certain mechanical or stereo-
typed aspect which is noticeable in many of the European
forests conducted under a systematic plan. Moreover, to
load the plan with a mass of detail would be apt to obscure
its essential features, and risk the entire abandonment of
the plan because of impatience with its hampering detail.

The plan divides the Fells into compartments of greatly
varying size and shape, each one of which, except for a few
cases of special treatment, is marked for management with
a view to securing one of three distinct types of landscape :
(1) " close woodB," in which the leafy canopy is to be nor-
mally unbroken; (2) ''open woods," in which the trees
and groups of trees are often to stand so far apart as to
develop their lower branches and leave many sunny open-
ings and glades between the foliage masses; (3) "open
ground," whether meadow, pasture, swamp or otherwise,
over which the eye can range freely, even though it be re-
lieved by occasional scattered trees. Secondary charac-
teristics, such as the dominance of certain kinds of trees in
certain compartments, have been indicated where such dis-
tinctions seemed important.

It has happened that a great deal of the region infested
by the gypsy moth was of such a character as to lend itself
well to the second or third classes of treatment ; and it has
therefore been possible, without in the least disregarding
the best permanent development of the woodland scenery,
to recommend at many points a severity of cutting that will
be of the greatest assistance in dealing with the pressing
problem' of the pests ; whereas even a much less severe
catting, if applied indiscriminately to the reservation as a
whole, would be most deplorable. Much unfounded criticism

44 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

of the cutting may be expected to arise, from an assumption
that such indiscriminate application is intended.

Unforeseen conditions will doubtless arise from time to
time in the future which will necessitate readjustment of the
boundaries of the compa,rtments now laid down, and changes
in the designated character of some of them ; but such changes
should be made deliberately by vote of the Board, upon re-
port of their advisory and executive officers, and should not
be drifted into by default. We do not venture to think that
the plan as it stands is by any means the best that could be
devised, but we do venture to say that, if it be consistently
and intelligently followed, with no alterations except such
as are made after serious and thoughtful deliberation, it wiU
in a reasonable time bring far better results than could
possibly be attained by following independently the various
impulses of a succession of advisers.

Respectfully yours,

OLMSTED BROTHERS.

Dec. 1, 1904.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 45

REPORT OF THE ENGINEER.

Hon. William B. db las Casas,

Chairman^ Metropolitan Park Commiasion.

Sir : — Herewith I submit a report of the work of the
Engineering Department for the year ending Nov. 1, 1904,

The large amount of construction work which has been
done under the direction of this department during the year
has required a considerable increase in the number of em-
ployees. From 25 at the beginning of the year it was -in-
creased to 52 during the summer months, and later reduced
by resignations to 46 at the end of the year. The present
organization of the department, in accordance with the rat-
ings of the Civil Service Commission, is as follows : 5 assist-
ant engineers, 2 draftsmen, 8 instrument men in charge of
parties, 23 rodmen, 6 inspectors, 1 clerk and 1 stenographer.
The work has generally been under the supervision of the
following division engineers : —

CoDstraction, C. Barton Pbatt.

Surveying, David A. Ambrose.

Drafting and office, Louis V. Foster.

The work of the department for the past year has included
the making of surveys and the preparation of general and
detail plans and specifications for construction work, surveys
and plans for takings, topographical surveys and maps, and
the direction and supervision of all construction work, which
has been of great variety, including grading, filling, sur-
facing, paving and drainage ; stone, concrete and reinforced
concrete masonry used in foundations, bridge abutments and
piers, arches, retaining walls, river walls, sea walls, dams,
shelter foundations and terraces and granolithic work ; pile
foundations, pile and heavy timber bridges, steel highway
bridges and drawbridges ; river and shore work. Also
examinations of, and reports on, plans for work, such as

46 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

construction of electric railways, drains, sewers, water and
gas pipes, performed under permits and licenses issued to
cities, towns, corporations and individuals, and the general
inspection of the same.

The total cost of conducting the department has been as
follows : —

Services, . . * $86,809 61

Equipment, 468 56

Opei'utiDg expenses, 8,499 95

Total, f40,768 12

The cost of construction work, done under the supervision
of this department, has amounted to $473,734.70, exclusive
of the cost of engineering and inspection ; and all engineer-
ing and inspection incidental to the same, omitting travelling
and other incidental expenses, has averaged 3.6 per cent.

The total cost to this department of inspection of work
done under permits and licenses, of which there were 75
issued to cities, towns, corporations and individuals, has
been $523.79.

An appraisal of the property in charge of the department,
omitting the value of maps, plans, notes and records, is as
follows : —

Equipment : —

Offices, 12,175 62

Surveying and drawing instruments, . 2,797 26

Miscellaneous, 64 15

f 5,087 08

Supplies : —

General. 1^69 91

Total 16,406 94

Details are given in the following sections of parkway and
reservation, and in the tables appended.

Parkways.

Blue Hills Parkway. — Construction plans and specifica-
tions have been prepared for a culvert bridge over Pine Tree
Brook, at the crossing of the new road from Oanton Avenue
to Hillside Street. The contract for the construction of the

1905.1

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

bridge was awarded to T. Stuart & Son Company, the lowest
bidders ; and the work was begun on July 16, 1904, and was
completed Aug. 31, 1904, the total cost, including engineer-
ing and inspection, being $1,854.88. The bridge is a con-
crete arch, of 12-foot span, on concrete foundations, and
the exposed end faces are of field stone masonry.

Engineering services have been furnished for preliminary
surveys and for the work of construction of a road from Can-
ton Avenue to Hillside Street in the Blue Hills Reservation.
The work of construction has been done by the reservation
forces, under the direction of the Superintendent of the
Reservation, is now in progress, and the road is practically
completed from Harland Street to Hillside Street.

Under permits granted by this Conmiissipn to the Dor-
chester Gas Light Company, a 6-inch gas main has been laid
in the parkway from Mattapan Square to Pond Street.

Furnace Brook Parkway. — Construction plans have been
revised and specifications prepared for building the parkway
to sub-grade from Adams Street to Blue Hills Reservation,
and for building a culvert bridge of concrete reinforced with
steel. Proposals were received for this work on Sept. 19,
1904, from the following : —

H. P. Nawn, Roxbnry,

John F. Lynch, Dorchester,

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,

T. H. Gill & Co., Boston, .

Coleman Brothers, Everett,

James Doherty, Rozbory,

Hub Construction Company, Boston,

The H. Gore Company, Boston,

Rowe & Perini, South Framingham,

120,636 26
20,232 70
19.078 26
18,794 40
18.633 60
17,642 86
17,600 10
16,499 70
16,604 60

The contract was awarded to Rowe & Perini, and the work
was begun on Sept. 26, 1904. The total estimated cost to
Nov. 1, 1904, has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 81, $4,166 26

Incidentals, 66 14

Engineering and inspection, 378 00

Total, t4,^d9 40

48 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Under permit granted to the Sewer Commissioners of the
city of Quincy by this Commission, local sewers have been
constructed in the Parkway from Adams Street to Crescent
Street. This work has been carried on in advance of the
work of grading, and has not interfered with it to any extent.

New tide gates have been built and repairs made at Black's
Creek dam by the city of Quincy, a portion of the cost,
$200, being paid b}'^ this Commission, and the work approved
and inspected by this department.

Construction plans are being prepared for a bridge for the
Griftnite Branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford
Eaikoad, over the Parkway at West Quincy.

Lynn Fells Parkway, — Surveys for takings have been
made, and the preparation of taking plans of the portion from
Middlesex Fells Reservation to Elm Street, Melrose, is in
progress.

Lynnway, — The work of building the parkway to sub-
grade, and abutments for Saugus River Bridge, under con-
tract with T. Stuart & Son Company, which was begun on
Aug. 26, 1903, was completed on Dec. 12, 1903.

As it was impossible to complete the construction plans
and specifications and award the contract for the Saugus
River Bridge in time to allow the successful bidder to pro-
cure the oak piles for the work during the winter months,
it was decided to let a separate contract for furnishing them,
delivered near the site of the work. The following bids
were received on Jan. 7, 1904 : —

R. B. Wheeler, Westerly, R. I..

Lawler Brothers, Charlestown,

Wm. F. Cutter, Perth Amboy, N. J.,

Shepard, Farmer & Co., Boston,

W. A. Sherburne, Boston,

Thomas McCaffrey, Boston,

Oliver VV^. Ramsay, Perth Amboy, N. J.,

f 10,908 60
10,867 76
9,647 60
8,989 60
8,712 90
8,071 90
7,728 26

The conti-act was awarded to Oliver W. Bamsay, and the
p les were delivered at the site of the work in time to allow
the contractor jFor the construction of the bridge to proceed
with the \vork iminediatelv after the award of the contract.
A total of 937 oak piles, varying in lengths from 30 to 55

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No- 48. 49

feet, were furnished for this work, and they were of excep-
tionally good quality, being straight, free from knots, and
full to required dimensions throughout.

The construction plans and specifications for the pile bridge
and concrete masonry draw piers were completed on April
1, 1904. The work consisted of building pile bridge 1,210
feet long and 32 feet in width, the concrete masonry piers
for draw, wharves and fender piers. Bids were i:eceived on
April 11, 1904, from the following : —

Thomas E. Ruggles, Boston, f86,0dl 00

Pitman & Brown, Salem, 52,978 00

Patrick McGovern, Boston, 52,020 00

Jones & Meehan, Boston, 49,992 00

Lawler Brothers, Charlestown, .... 48,122 00

Wm. H. £llis, Boston 47,613 40

Wra. L. Miller, Boston, . . . . . . 46,792 00

Metropolitan Contracting Company, Boston, . . 45,148 00

The contract was awarded to the Metropolitan Contracting
Company. The work was begun on May 31, 1904, is now in
progress, and will probably be completed before Jan. 1, 1905.

Under an agreement with the Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge
Company of Chicago for the right to construct, use and oper-
ate under their patents, and in accordance with general plan^
furnished by them and specifications prepared in this office,
bids were received on June 13, 1904, for building and
erecting the superstructure, operating machinery, and locks
of a Scherzer rolling lift bridge for the draw of the Saugus
River Bridge, from the following : —

Eastern Bridge and Structural Company, Worcester
Louis F. Shoemaker & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., .
The King Bridge Company, New York, N. Y.,
New England Structural Company, Boston,
The Boston Bridge Works, Incorporated, Boston,
Penn Bridge Company, Beaver Falls, Pa.,
American Bridge Company, New York, N. Y.,

f 20,500 00
18,867 00
18,696 00
18,626 00
17,914 00
17,440 00
16,996 00

The contract was awarded to the American Bridge Com-
pany, and the shop work is in progress.

The total estimated cost of the entire work on this Pait
way has been as follows : —

50 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

. Previous] J reported : —
Construction and incidentals, contract No.
63a, f 11, 290 93

Engineering and inspection, .... 772 55

#12,068 48

Year ending Nov. 1, 1904 : —

Construction, contract No. 63a, . f 6,764 45

Incidentals, 95 36

Engineering and inspection, .... 422 80

7,282 6t

Total, fl9,346 09

Construction, contract No. 69, . . . t7,877 00

Incidentals, 276 20

Engineering and inspection, .... 86 30

Total, 8.289 60-

Construction, contract No. 70, . . . f 37,689 09

Incidentals, 174 86

Engineering and inspection, .... 1,510 60

Total 39,874 55

Construction and incidentals, contract No. 74, f 1,043 85

Engineering and inspection, .... 37 90

Total 1,081 75

Grand total, f68,041 89

The contract for surfacing Lynnway and Saugus River
Bridge has been let as a part of the contract for grading,
surfacing and other work on Revere Beach Reservation, de-
tails of which are given later in this report.

Middlesex Fells Parkway. — The work of building the
new Wellington Bridge and removing the old bridge, under
contract with Jones & Meehan, and which was begun on
March 13, 1903, was completed on July 16, 1904.

The work of paving with wooden blocks the Medford or
northerly half of the bridge, under contract with the Repub-
lic Chemical and Creosoting Company, was begun on Nov.
16, 1903, and completed on Dec. 5, 1903.

A portion of the Medford approach, to connect the old '
driveway with the new bridge, was surfaced, the work being
done by the reservation forces under the direction of the
Superintendent of the Reservation, and under the super-
vision of this department. This work was begun on Oct.
14, 1903, and was suspended on Dec. 10, 1903, a sufficient
roadway having been finished to permit the opening of the
new bridge to public travel. The work by the Superin-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 51

tendent was again resumed on March 15, 1904, and carried
on from time to time with a small force until June 30, 1904.

A temporary roadway was constructed by Jones & Meehan
on the Somerville side of the river, for a connection with
the new bridge.

A portion of the dredging for a new channel, made neces-
sary by the construction of the new bridge, and which was
omitted from the original contract for dredging until the old
bridge could be removed, has been completed, the work
being done on Aug. 23 to 26, 1904, by the Eastern Dredg-
ing Company.

The erection of the steel retractile draw for the Welling-
ton Bridge, which was being built by the Boston Bridge
Works, Incorporated, was begun on Oct. 20, 1903, and
completed on Nov. 21, 1903, except adjusting after the
operating machinery was installed, which work was com*
pleted March 14, 1904.

. The operating machinery was furnished and installed by
Wm. G. Miller, the electrical equipment by the General
Electric Company, and the wiring for power by the Maiden
Electric Company. This work was begun on Nov. 16, 1903,
and the contract completed on March 12, 1904.

The new bridge was opened to public travel on March 14,
1904.

The total cost of the work on the bridge and approaches^
to Nov. 1, 1904, has been as follows : —

Previously reported : —

Construction and incidentals, contract No. 58, |69,403 08

Repairs to old bridge, 148 12

Engineering and inspection, .... 3,223 17

Year ending Nov. 1, 1904 : —
Construction, contract No. 58,
Repairs to old bridge, .
Miscellaneous work on approaches, .

Dredging,

Oak piles,

Wooden block pavement.

Incidentals,

Engineering and inspection, .

f 10,035 93

230 44

1,481 98

994 40

154 00

3,685 50

424 21

350 13

172,769 37

17,356 59

Total, f 90,125 96

52 METROPOLITAN PARKS- [Jan.

Preyiously reported : —
Construction, draw trucks, mill inspection

and incidentals, contract No. 59, . $18,542 85

Engineering and inspection, .... 48 80

f 18,591 66

Year ending Nov. 1, 1904 : —

Construction, contract No. 59, . . . f 1,695 00

Operating machinery and installation, . 3,854 57

Incidentals, 403 14

Engineering and inspection, .... 287 88

5,740 54

Total, 124,882 19

Proposals to build a drawtender's house, on pile founda-
tion previously constructed therefor, were received on Sept.
15, 1904. The proposal of Lorenzo Hoyt, Stoneham, for
$870, being the lowest, was accepted, and the work was
begun on Oct. 3, 1 904, and is now practically completed.

On the approaches to the new bridge a telford base was
laid by T. Stuart & Son Company, for the trafBc road from
the junction of the Parkway with Middlesex Avenue to the
southerly end of the bridge in Somerville, and from the
northerly end to Revere Beach Parkway in Medford.

Construction plans and specifications have been prepared,
and the following bids were received on July 18, 1904, for
surfacing and other work necessary to complete the ap-
proaches to the bridge from Middlesex Avenue in Somer-
ville to Revere Beach Parkway in Medford : —

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton, . . . f 17,653 50

T. H. Gill & Co., Boston, 16,880 70

Coleman Brothers, Everett, 15,328 50

The contract was awarded to Coleman Brothers, and the
work was begun on Aug, 11, 1904, and is nearly completed.
The estimated cost of the work to Nov. 1, 1904, has been
AS follows : —

Construction, contract No. 78, f 11,949 13

Incidentals, 409 69

Engineering and inspection, 524 80

Total, . . ' 112,888 12

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 53

On location granted by the Commission to the Maiden &
Mehrose Gas Light Company, a 16-inch gas main was laid
in the traffic road from Middlesex Avenue about 900 feet to
land on which new gasometer is in process of erection.

Mystic Valley Parkway. — A portion of Ginn Field has
been graded, 3,587 cubic yards of filling material having
been furnished for the work by Samuel Symmes. The total
cost of this work, including engineering, has been $1,769.56.

Nahant Beach Parkway. — Studies and estimates of cost
for electric railway have been made ; also topographical sur-
vey and plan at location of proposed bath-house.

Neponset River Parkway^ — Surveys and plans for takings
from Paul's Bridge to Blue Hills Reservation, and construc-
tion plans and specifications for building the westerly road-
way from Brush Hill Road to Blue Hill Avenue, have been
made. Bids for the construction work were received on
Aug. 15, 1904, from the following : —

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton, . f 30,087 05

Benj. M. Cram, Boston, 28,785 45

Columbia Improvement Company, Boston, .. . 23,096 37

T. H. Gill & Co., Boston 17,933 80

The contract was awarded to T. H. Gill & Co., and work
was begun on Aug. 24, 1904, and is now in progress. This
work will probabl}'- be completed about Nov. 30, 1904, ex-
cept the loaming of the car track space, which work has
been ordered omitted until spring, to allow the Blue Hills
Street Kailway Company to first lay their track on the loca-
tion granted them by this Commission.

The estimated cost of this work to Nov. 1, 1904, has been
as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 80, 110,436 72

Incidentals, 46 88

Engineering and inspection, 363 80

Total, f 10,847 40

Revere Beach Parkway. — The work of surfacing the
approaches to the bridge over the Boston & Maine Railroad

54 METBOPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

at Revere, under contract with T* H. Gill & Co., and which
was begun on Aug. 31, 1903, was completed Nov. 19, 1903.
The total cost of this work has been as follows : —

Previously reported : —
Construction and incidentals, contract No. 62, f 10,629 86
Engineering and inspection, .... 447 IS

Year ending Nov. 1, 1904 : —

Construction, contract No. 62, . . . $1,325 46

Incidentals, 262 73

Engineering and inspection, .... 94 93

f 11,076 49

1,683 12
Total, 112,769 61

The work of constructing bridge abutments, culvert bridge,
and grading the parkway. Main Street, Everett, to Fellsway,
Medford, contract for which was awarded to T. Stuart & Son
Company last year, and which was begun on Nov. 2, 1903,
was completed on Aug. 30, 1904. This work included the
building of the abutments for two bridges over the Boston &
Maine Railroad, of concrete and stone masonry, one over the
Saugus Branch and one over the Western Division ; a rein-
forced concrete arch with granite ashlar facing for culvert
bridge ; and the furnishing and depositing in place of 187,450
cubic yards of filling material.

The progress of this work was so satisfactory that a pro-
posal of the contractor to furnish, in addition to the work
under the contract, about 12,000 cubic yards of loam, was
accepted; 5,746 cubic yards were placed on the slopes and
5,002 cubic yards were placed in storage piles with manure,
to make compost to be used for tree pits and planting spaces
in the finished work.

It was thought advisable that the work of consti*ucting
the masonry piers necessary for the parkway bridges over
the Western Division and Saugus Branch of the Boston &
Maine Railroad should be let by the engineer of the raikoad
company, and done under his direct supervision, on account
of the great care necessary to be taken and responsibility to
be assumed in working in and about the railroad tracks.
Therefore, plans and specifications were prepared by this
department, and bids were received on Dec. 28, 1903, by

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

the railroad company, and the contract awarded to T. Stuart
& Son Company, the lowest bidders. This work was done
at the same time as the work of building the abutments, the
same contractor having both contracts, and was completed
on May 1, 1904.

Plans and specifications have been prepared for the super-
structure for the parkway bridges over the Western Divi-
sion and Saugus Branch of the Boston & Maine Railroad.
The bridge for the Western Division is of plate girder type,
of two spans, 91 feet 9 inches each, total length of girder 93
feet 9 inches, and height 9 feet | inch. Bids for this bridge
were received on Jan. 25, 1904, from the following : —

Springfield Construction Company, Springfield,
Eastern Bridge and Structural Company,Worcester
Boston Steel and Iron Company, Boston,
H. P. Converse & Co., Boston, ....
Baltimore Bridge Company, Baltimore, Md., .
The Cooper, Wigand, Cooke Company, New York
N.Y

The King Bridge Company, New York, N. Y.,
The United Construction Company, Albany, N. Y.
Berlin Construction Company, Boston, .
New England Structural Company, Boston, .
The Boston Bridge Works, Incorporated, Boston,
Harrington, Robinson & Co., Boston, representing
Rivei*side Bridge Company, Wheeling, W. Va., .

121,500 00
20,600 00
17,898 00
16,965 00
16,958 00

16,787 00
16,630 00
14,585 00
18,786 00
12,946 00
11,792 00

11,400 00

The contract was awarded to the Boston Bridge Works,
Incorporated, and the work completed July 1, 1904.

The bridge for the Saugus Branch is of plate girder type,
of three spans, varying in length from 34 to 48 feet. Bids
were received on Feb. 8, 1904, from the following : —

The Canton Bridge Company, Albany, N. Y.,
Eastman, Pease & Co., Boston,
Berlin Constraction Company, Boston, .
American Bridge Company, Boston,
Levering & Garrigues Company, New York, N. Y,
Springfield Construction Company, Springfield,
The Cooper, Wigand, Cooke Company, New York
N.Y

H. P. Converse & Co., Boston, ....
Eastern Bridge and Structural Company, Worcester,
The Boston Bridge Works, Incorporated, Boston,
New England Structural Company, Boston, .

f 18,401 00

10,894 00

10,449 op

9,260 00

9,000 00

7,680 00

7,000 00
6,965 00
6,100 00
6,998 00
6,071 00

METROPOLITAX PARKS.

[Jan.

The contract was awarded to the New England Stractural
Company, and the work completed on June 30, 1904.

The following bids for furnishing oak piles for Maiden
River Bridge were received at the same time as those for
Saugus River Bridge : —

E. B. Wheeler, Westerly, R. I.,

Lawler Brothers, Charlestown, Mass.,

Shepard, Farmer & Co., Boston,

W. A. Sherburne, Boston,

Thomas McCaffrey, Boston,

Wm. F. Cutter, Perth Amboy, N. J.,

Oliver W. Ramsay, Perth Amboy, N. J.,

$6,083 00
5,607 00
5,049 00
4,930 20
4,628 00
4,584 00
4,051 50

This contract was also awarded to Oliver W. Bamsay^
and the piles delivered near the site of the bridge, to be
used by the contractor for the construction.

Construction plans and specifications for the pile bridge
and concrete masonry draw piers at the IVIalden River have
been prepared. The work consisted of building pile bridge
240 feet long and 36 feet in width, the concrete masonry
piers for draw, wharves and fender piers. Bids were re-
ceived on April 18, 1904, from the following

Wm. H. Ward, Lowell, .

Jones & Mechan, Boston,

Lawler Brothers, Charlestown,

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,

Thomas E. Ruggles, Boston, .

Pitman & Brown, Salem, .

Wm. H. Ellis, Boston,

Metropolitan Contracting Company, Boston,

127,610 00
22,152 00
21,976 00
21,962 00
21,887 60
21,810 60
20,761 60
19,082 60

The contract was awarded to the Metropolitan Contmcting
Company, and work was begun on June 28, 1904, and is
now in progress.

Under the same conditions regarding rights under patents,
plans and specifications as those governing the Scherzer
rolling lift bridge for draw of the Saugus Eiver Bridge, bids
were received on June 13, 1904, for building and erecting
steel superstructure, operating machinery and locks for the
draw of the Maiden River Bridge, as follows : —

Eastern Bridge and Structural Company, Worcester, f 22,000 00
The King Bridge Company, New York, N. Y.. . 19,916 0«)
Louis F. Shoemaker & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., . 19,880 00

V '
it*

1 (

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 57

New England Structural Company, Boston, . . f 19,668 00

The Boston Bridge Works, Incorporated, Boston, . 18,984 00

Penn Bridge Company, Beaver Falls, Pa., . 18,490 00

American Bridge Company, New York, N. Y., . 17,991 00

These bids were received at the same time as those for
the Saugus River Bridge, and the contracts for building
both were awarded as one contract to the American Bridge
Company of New York, who were the lowest bidders on
both.

The total estimated cost of all work done during the year
on tbis Parkway from Main Street, Everett, to Fellsway,
Medford, has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 64-65, . . f 177,088 08

I^am and manure, 8,788 00

Incidentals, 1,066 68

Engineering and inspection, .... 5,682 70

Total, 1192,619 46

Consti-uction, Western Division bridge piers, f 5,142 65

Incidentals, 6 60

Engineering and inspection, . . . 115 85

Total, 5,264 60

Construction, Saugus Branch bridge piers, . f 2,767 15

Incidentals 801 94

Engineering and inspection, .... 136 76

Total 8,205 85

Construction, contract No. 67, . . . f 11,792 00

Incidentals, 80 09

Engineering and inspection, .... 88 SO

Total, 11,960 89

Construction, contract No. 68, . . . f 5,071 00

Incidentals, 87 50

Engineering and inspection, .... 69 90

Total 5,228 40

Construction, contract No. 69, . . . f 4,308 50

Incidentals, 66 66

Engineering and inspection, 46 40

Total 4,415 46

Construction, contract No. 71, . . . $15,904 70

Incidentals, 33 50

Engineering and inspection, .... 774 20

Total, . * 16,712 40

Construction and incidentals, contract No. 74, 11,043 79

Engineering and inspection, .... 30 00

Total. . . . 1,073 79

Grand total 1240,480 86

58 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Under permits granted to the town of Revere by this
Commission, main intercepting sewers have been con-
structed through portions of the Parkway in Revere to con-
nect with the Metropolitan Sewerage System.

Reservations.

Charles River Reservation. — A portion of the Charles
River Road from Arsenal Street to the United States Arsenal
grounds has been built- to sub-grade, an opportunity having
been offered to obtain the filling material at a low rate. The
work was done by Jeremiah J. SuUivan, and the total cost,
including engineering and inspection, has been $2,589.88.

The Welsbach system of street lighting has been installed
in Soldiers' Field Road, 29 lamps being required.

Construction plans and specifications have been prepared
for the extension of Everett Street, in Brighton, from West-
I ^ em Avenue to Soldiers' Field Road. Bids were received on

April 8, 1904, firom the following : —

H. P. Nawn, Roxbary, ....
T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,
P. Maloy & Son, Waltham,
John H. McCasker, Waltham, .

16,760 00

6,036 50

. ^ . 6369 30

6.706 00

T. H. Gill & Co., Boston

6,606 10

Jeremiah Sallivan, Cambridge,
Coleman Brothers, Everett,

6,266 60
6.188 60

The contract was awarded to Coleman Brothers, the work
was begun on May 1, 1904, and was completed on June 7,
1904. The total cost has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No 73, f 6,483 90

Incidentals, 170 36

Engineering and inspection, 108 06

Total, $5,762 31

Construction plans and specifications have been prepared
for pleasure grounds near the Speedway headquarters. The
work consisted of building concrete river wall on pile foun-
dations, concrete retaining wall along Western Avenue, and
grading and surfacing walks, lawns and playground. Bids
were received on May 10, 1904, from the following : —

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 59

Lawler Brothers, CharlestowD,

D. F. O^Connell Company, Boston, .

P. Maloy & Son, Waltham,

H. P. Nawn, Boston,

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,

Coleman Brothers, Everett,

f 18,089 50
16,096 50
14,494 00
14,402 50
13,785 00
13,832 50

The contract was awarded to Coleman Brothers, and work
was begun on May 13, 1904, and was completed on Oct. 29,.
1904. Considerable extra work was added to this contract
during the progress of the work, such as constructing a clay
core dam to exclude tide water, building gymnasium appa-
ratus, teeter-boards, sand boxes, seats, fences, etc. The esti-
mated cost of this work, according to vouchers received, to
Nov. 1, 1904, has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 75, $19,760 28

Apparatus for playground, 145 79

Incidentals, 170 91

Engineering and inspection, 1,214 70

Total, f21,291 68

A shelter at the entrance to the grounds has been built
under the supervision of Stickney & Austin, architects, for
which engineering services were furnished by this depaii;-
ment.

Engineering services have been furnished also for the
work of building addition to Speedway headquarters, and
grading for same.

Construction plan has been prepared for a quaii;er-mile
entrance to the Speedway from Soldiers' Field Road. The
work of construction was done by the Superintendent of the
Reservation, engineering services and supervision being fur-
nished by this departipent.

At the California Street playground of the city of New-
ton, by agreement with this Commission, gi-ading has been
done by the city along the banks of the river on land of the
Commonwealth, to provide open frontage on the river for
the playground. A part of the cost of this work was paid
by the Commonwealth, and engineering services were fur-
nished by this department.

On location granted by this Commission, the Massachu-

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

I ,

setts Pipe Line Company has laid a 15-inch gas main along
the southerly shore of the river on land of the Common-
wealth, from Maple Street, Newton, to Brooks Street,
Brighton.

At Newton Lower Falls the old wooden dam, known as
the Finley Mill Dam, which was in very bad condition, has
been removed and replaced by a concrete-steel gravity dam.
The new dam has been constructed by the Ambursen Hy-
draulic Construction Company, under patents controlled by
them, and in accordance with plans and specifications fur-
nished by them, and approved by this Commission. The
work has been done under the direction and supervision of
this department, was begun on Aug. 24, 1904, and is nearly
completed. The estimated cost of this work to Nov. 1,
1904, has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No 82, 18,708 81

Incidentals, • . 57 18

Engineenng and inspection, 374 60

Total,

14,135 59

It is agreed that the R. T. Sullivan Company, who hold
water rights at this point, shall pay a portion of the cost of
constructing the new dam.

Lynn Shore Reservation, — The construction plans for
work from King's Beach Terrace in Lynn to Humphrey
Street, Swampscott, prepared in 1901, have been revised,
and additional construction plans made, including detail
plans for the construction of a sea wall, and specifications
have been prepared for grading and construction of the
wall. Bids were received on June 16, 1904, from the
following : —

£. R. Taylor & Co , Boston, f 98,629 75

Metropolitan Contracting Company, Boston,

M. McDonough, Swampscott, .

Nawn & Brock, Boston, .

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,

E. W. Everson & Co., Boston, .

Thomas E. Buggies, Boston, .

John Sheehan & Son, Lynn, .

C. E. Trumbull Company, Boston, .

.i. I)avid J. Sheehan, l^ynn,

84,113 90
72,280 00
66,209 50
61,706 00
60,464 33
59,565 50
59,089 50
56,H53 00
53,654 00

ll'l

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 61

Pitman & Brown, Salem, (53,578 40

James D. Kelly, Dorchester, 48,150 50

T. H. Gill & Co., Boston, 47,446 50

Patrick McGovern, Boston, 46,649 50

Smith & Robinson, New York, N. Y., . . . 44,803 50

Coleman Brothers, Everett, 43,880 00

This contract, which was for the work of grading and
constructing sea wall from Red Rock in Lynn to Humphrey
Street, Swampscott, was awarded to Coleman Brothers, and
the work was begun on July 1, 1904. During the progress
of the work the Commission decided to extend the sea wall
along King's Beach in Swampscott to the northerly end of
the taking, near Monument Square, an addition of about
1,100 lineal feet; and this work, including backfilling and
other incidental work, and the work of constructing rein-
forced concrete culvert for Stacey's Brook, was added to
the original contract with Coleman Brothers. The work is
now in progress, that of the original contract nearing com-
pletion, and the additional work well started.

The sea wall is of concrete masonry, reinforced by twisted
steel rods; is 4,150 feet in length, and varies in height
from 8 to 18 feet. The face of the wall is of a curved form,
and the wall is capped with an artificial stone coping. At
intervals of about 400 feet along the face of the wall are
double flights of steps leading to the beach ; these also are
constructed of concrete. The foundation on which the wall
rests is generally clay or hard pan, except about 600 lineal
feet where the wall is on concrete pile foundation.

By using concrete piles instead of spruce a saving of
about $2,000 was made, as it was possible to bring the tops
of the concrete piles to a higher elevation than would have
been safe for spruce piles, thereby reducing the size of the
section of the wall and the amount of concrete required in
its construction.

The estimated cost of this work to Nov. 1, 1904, has
been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 76, $41,170 25

Incidentals, 2,240 57

Engineering and inspection, 2,289 32

Total, 145,700 14

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

t !

^
•I

Plans and specifications have been prepared for an iron
pipe rail fence to be erected on the sea wall its entire length.
Bids were received on Oct. 19, 1904, as follows : —

Per LlDMl Foot

Braman, Dow & Co , Boston, f 1 85

W. A. Snow & Co., Boston, 1 79

Belmont Iron Works, Philadelphia, Pa., . . . 1 58

Richardson & Clement, Boston, 1 28

A. B. Bobbins, Boston, 1 14

The contract was awarded to A. B. Robbins.*

Middlesex Fells Meservation, — Surveys have been made
and constraction plans are in progress for the Brooks Roads
from the Winchester Reservoir, East Dam, to Forest Street
at Porter's Cove, and a branch to Little Neck. Engineering
services have been fiirnished for the construction of these
roads, which is in progress by the reservation forces under
the Superintendent of the Reservation.

Surveys, studies and estimates have been made for elec-
tric railway through the reservation.

Mystic Miver Reservation. — Surveys and investigations
on the Mystic River and its tributaries, to determine the
feasibility of constructing a dam at Cradock Bridge, which
were begun the latter part of last year, have been completed,
and the information submitted to Mr. John R. Freeman for
his report.

Surveys, construction plans and specifications are in prog-
ress for the construction of roads along the river from High
Street to Main Street, Medford, Somerville and Arlington.

Quincy Shore Reservation. — Proposals were received on
Dec. 7, 1903, for grading the reservation from Atlantic
Street to Squantum Street, from the following : —

Wm. J. McCarthy, Somerville,
Jeremiah J. Sullivan, Boston, .
John Cashman, West Quincy, .
P. Maloy & Son, Waltham,
Rowe & Perini, South Framingham,
Coleman Brothers, Everett,

$42,240 00
41,350 00
40,900 00
37,470 00
29,410 00
28,300 00

The contract was awarded to Coleman Brothers, and on
account of the severe winter the work was not begun until

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 63

March 23, 1904, and is now in progress and nearly com-
pleted. The estimated cost to Nov. 1, 1904, has been as
follows : —

CoDStmctioo, contract No. 66, $80,465 20

Incidentals, 122 21

Engineering and inspection, 804 01

Total (81,891 42

Revere Beach Reservation. — Specifications have been
prepared for laying a granolithic, or artificial stone, walk
along the westerly side of the reservation next to private
land, from a point about 200 feet south of Shirley Avenue
to Chester Avenue, a total length of 2,250'feet, and 20 feet
in width. It was provided in the specifications that the
contractor would be permitted to obtain sand and gravel for
this work from land of the Commonwealth along the shore.
Proposals were received on March 11, 1904, from the fol-
lowing : —

Per Sqcutre Yard.

W. A. Murtfeldt, Boston, f 1 06

Simpson Brothers, Corporation, Boston, .... 98}

Thomas J. Hind, Boston, 96

Warren Brothers Company, Boston, .... 95^*^

The contract was awarded to Warren Brothers Company,
and work was begun on April 1, 1904. Before the com-
pletion of the work under this contract, the Commission
decided to lay, in addition, the portion of the walk from the
bath-house to within about 400 feet of Revere Street, a dis-
tance of 1,100 feet, and the area about the band stand near
Shirley Avenue. A total of 7,746 square yards was laid,
and the work completed on May 25, 1904. The total cost
of this work has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 72, %lfi\b 89

Incidentals, 538 87

Engineering and inspection, 385 75

Total, 18,740 51

Construction plans and specifications have been prepared
for the construction of terraces and shelter foundations op-
posite Revere Street and Oak Island Street. These terraces

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

are each 500 feet long, and constructed of concrete masonry,
the front wall being a sea wall of sufficient strength to resist
the force of the waves. The walls are capped with an arti-
ficial stone coping, and steps are provided leading to the
beach. Proposals for doing this work were received on
July 25, 1904, from the following : —

Carr & Andrews Corporation, Boston, .
Aberthaw Construction Company, Boston,
The Murdock Corporation, Boston, .
Coleman Brothers, Everett,
Patrick McGovern, Boston,

$39,867 00
39,000 00
37,909 CO
87,000 00
32,500 00

The contract was awarded to Patrick McGovern, and
work of preparation on the site Avas begun on Aug. 22,
1904, but the actual work of construction, to any extent,
was not begun until Sept. 6, 1904, so as to not interfere
with the public in the use of the reservation before the clos-
ing of the season, Labor Day. The work is now in prog-
ress, and, although well advanced, will probably not be
wholly completed until spring. The estimated cost to Nov.
1, 1904, has been as follows : —

Construction, contract No. 77, 1^7,355 00

Incidentals, 107 42

Engineering and inspection, 679 35

Total, $18,141 77

!»5f

Construction plans and specifications have been prepared
for grading, sur&cing and other work necessary to build,
complete, the portion of the reservation from the present
ending of the construction work at Kevere Street to the
Northern Ckcle near the Point of Pines. This contract also
includes the surfacing and finishing of Lynnway and Saugus
River Bridge. Bids were received on Oct. 10, 1904, from

the following : —

H. P. Nawn, Roxbury,

Patrick McGovern, Boston,

The H. Gore Company, Boston,

Coleman Brothers, Everett,

T. Stuart & Son Company, Newton,

E. W. Everson & Co., Boston, .

9169,009 50
146,714 76
146,391 91
131,295 50
131,001 50
117,063 00

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 65

The contract was awarded to E. W. Everson & Co., and
the work was begun on Oct. 17, 1904, and is now in prog-
ress.

General.

Topographical surveys have been made of a total area of
1,473 acres, which includes the work done in connection
with the investigations on the Mystic River and Alewife
Brook ; forty plans for record, and thirty-six duplicate copies
of record plans have been made during the year.

All the bridges under the control of this Commission have
been inspected by this department twice during the year,
November, 1903, and May, 1904, and reports made to the
Secretary of their condition.

The following tables are appended to this report : —

Table 1 . Lengths of parkways.
Table 2. Sammary of plan work.
Table 8. Summary of vouchers.
Table 4. Sammary of cost of engineering.
Table 5. Prices for items of construction.

Respectfully submitted,

JOHN R. RABLIN,

Engineer.

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

Table 1. — Length of Parkwayt, corrected to Nov. 1, 1904.

DE80KIPTI0N.

Constrneted
(MUM).

Under

Oonttrnc-

tion

(MUes).

Remainder
(MUes).

Totals
(MUes).

Blue Hills : Mattapan Square to Har-
land Street Entrance of Blue Hills
Reservation, Boston and Milton, .

Fresh Pond: Mount Auburn Street
to Huron Avenue, Cambridge,

Furnace Brook: Merry mount Park
to Blue Hills Reservation, Quincy,

Lynnway : Revere Beacli Reservation
to northerlv side of Saugus River,
Revere and Lynn, ....

Middlesex Fells : Broadway to Mid-
dlesex Fells Reservation, Somer-
ville, Medford and Maiden, .

Mystic Valley: High Street to Mid-
dlesex Fells Reservation, Medford
and Winchester, ....

Nahant Beach : Lynn Line at Wash-
ington Street to Spring Road, Na-
hant,

Neponset River: junction of River
Street and Damon Street to Blue
Hills Reservation, ....

Revere Beach : Revere Beach Reser-
vation to Middlesex Fells Parkway
and Mvstic River Reservation, Re-
vere, Chelsea, Everett and Med-
ford, . . ' .

■

1.55
.52

4.60
2.90

4.17

.49

2.83
.69

.53

1.07

.24
1.00

2.23
1.71

2.26

.52

3.38

.69

4.60

2.90

2.28

2.24

5.24

Totals,

13.74

5.11

5.18

24.08

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

Table 2. — Bummary of Maps and Plana prepared during the Tear
ending Nov. 2, 1904, omUUng Blue and Other Printa.

Ahandonmenta and
Oonveyaneea.

•

i
1

a
H

•

Land and Settle,
ment.

•

Taklnga, Incladlng
Oonveyaneea to
Commonwealth.

■

Working Plana
(Office).

Farkwayt
Alewlfe Brook,

Blae HUla, • .

Freah Pond, .

Fnmaee Brook,

Lynnway,

ICiddleaez Fella, .

Myatic Valley, .

Nahant Beach,

Neponaet River,

Revere Beach, .

Bpy Pond,

1
14

25
01

6
2

4
6

1
1

1
1
1

1
2

2
8

1
6

•

1
44

28
67

15
9

61
12

4
80
81
16
11

40
48

Totala,

Betervation
Blae Hllla,

Charlea River, .

Hemlock Gorge,

Klng'a Beach, .

Lynn Shore, .

ICiddleaez Fella, .

ICyatlc River, .

Nantaaket Beach, .

Neponaet River,

Qaincy Shore, .

Revere Beach, .

Winthrop Shore, .

2
1

4
25

1
1
8
2
1
80

2
11

1
1

14
16

4
8
8

0
58

260

27
86

1
1

21
6

71
2
1
5

15
4

Totala,

18
17

240

Grand toula, .

117

180

600

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[Jan.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

i
ii

Dec. 1, 1908, to Dec. 1. 1904.

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund

Receipts from bath-house, sales, etc.,

Expenditures,

Blue Hills Reservation : —
Construction : —
Contract : —

Stable yard, . $89S 00

Stable yard wall, 1,147 00

Sanitary building, 5,741 81

Headquarters

building, . . 8,339 46

$16,121 27

Labor and materials, . 3,692 41

$19,813 68

Engineering: —
Pay rolls, $848 73

Expenses 45 28

389 01

Landscape Architects : —

^ Services $882 48

Expenses, 57 00

^ 939 4«

Legal. 11 05

Architects, services and plans, .... 820 86

Portable forge 21 00

Middlesex Fells Reservation : —

Land WOl 00

Construction, labor and material, . . 9,716 84

Engineering : —

Pay rolls $48 74

Expenses 2 26

*^ 50 99

Landscape Architects : —

Services, $902 64

Expenses, 97 09

^ 999 73

Legal, . 45 10

Forestry, 622 77

Mlscellaneoue 8 08

Revere Beach Reservation : —
Construction : —
Contract : —
Addition to police

station, • $5,646 44

Granolithic side-
walk. . . . S.209 2.')
Shelter founda-
tions, . . • I'*'"'"'! "^5

$28,507 44

Labor and materials, . . . 522 10

$29,029 54

Amounis carried fnrv^ard $29,029 54

$7,680,000 00
196,334 01

$7,888,834 01

$21,995 08

11,844 51

$33,839 59 $7,888,334 01

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 77

Amount bright fortoard, ..... . $29,029 54 $88,889 59 $7,888,334 01

Engineering : —

^»y ">". $2,069 32

Jfi3fP«a8e 2i?7 0«

Landscape Architects:— 2.876 88

Services ^57 7g

Expenses 1 gO

. — 59 36

'^S^ 6 05

Architects, serrlces and plans, .... 272 54

Misoellaneons. " 4 14

81.748 61

Stony Brook Reserratlon : —

Engineering: —

Payrolls, $18 oo

Expenses. 1 50

^ _, $14 60

Landscape Architects, expenses 3 08

18 IS

Beaver Brook Beseryation : —

Engineering : —

Pay rolls $8 00

Expenses, 4 24

Landscape Architects:— ^ *^ ^

Services. $3^ gg

Expenses, 12 84

49;32

Hemlock Gorge Reservation : — "" ^ ^

Engineering : —

Pay rolls $7 40

Expenses, 90

$8 30

Charles River Reservation:— ®^

^^^ $43,951 25

Construction : —

Contract: —

Headquarters

building, bal.

ance, . . . $14,680 19
Finlay mill dam, 0,268 24

Shelter building. 987 00

Labor and materi- ^^'^ ^

als and grading. $8,409 66
Arsenal Road, . 2.798 18

California Street
playground. . 750 00

7.012 79

Engineering:- 28,893 22

Payrolls. $1,567 02*

Expenses 137 15

Landscape Architects:— 1,694 17

Services, $289 50

Expenses, 18 43

252 93

?*««**» 688 05

Land experts, 2.182 17

^^n*"' 410 00

Architects, services and plans, .... 612 09

Fowl house. 150 00

Miscellaneous. 16 00"

*78.848 88

AmaufUa carried forward, $144,620 V! $7,888,834 01

78 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

AmoufUa brought forward $ia.6W 07 $7,888,834 01

Neponset River Beservatlon : —

Land. $17,824 41

Engineering: —

Payrolls, $69 97

Expenses, 14 80

84 77

Legal, M 75

Land experts, 2»*® 85

Claims, *0 00

20,478 78

Mystic River Reservation : —

Land, . , t22.8»l 83

Engineering : —

PayroUs, $8,988 84

Expenses, 4,969 42

13,948 26

Landscape Architects : —

Services $^02 74

Expenses, 24 80

627 54

Legal, 82 86

Land experts, 1,104 83

38,564 82

Lynn Shore Reservation : —

Land $109,219 11

Constmction : —
Contract : —
Coleman Bros., . $34,994 70
Aberthaw Con-
struction Co., . 2,646 86

$37,641 56

Labor and materials, ... 670 87

88,112 43

Engineering : —

PayroUs, $3,864 49

Expenses 581 08

3,945 52

Landscape Architects : —

Services $70 16

Expenses 2 28

7244

Legal 152 99

Land experts, 2«> 00

Removal and alterations In Alien house, . . 2,618 62

Advertising HI 76

Miscellaneous 17 58

164,510 45

Quincy Shore Reservation : —

Land $7,552 72

Construction, contract, Coleman Bros., . . 25,895 42
Engineering : —

Pay rolls $907 78

Expenses, 184 28

1.092 06

Landscape A i-chitects : —

Services, $SW 39

Expenses, 10 82

*^ ' 825 21

Legal, 92 83

Land experts 500 00

Advertising 115U 3^^^^^

Amounts carried fortoard $398,647 80 $7,888,334 01

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

Amounts brought forward, $888,647 80 $7,888,384 01

$16,888 85

WJnthrop Shore Reservatioii : —

Land,

EnglDeerlng : -—

Payrolls,

Expenses

Legal, .
Land experts,

King's Beach Reservation : —
Engineering : —
Payrolls, ....
Expenses, ....

Landscape Ai-chltects :
Services, .
Expenses,

Wellington Bridge : —
Construction : —
Contract : —
Jones & Meehan, $17,288 11
Boston Bridge

Works, . 4,244 87

Republic Cheml.
cal and Creosot-
Ing Co., . . 3,685 60

Labor and materials : —
Installing draw
. machinery, $2,588 00

Miscellaneous, . 4,548 28

Loam, . . 1,501 80

Dredging, . . 894 40

Motor, ... 604 35

Masonry, 431 67
Removing old

bridge, . . 325 20
Repairs, old

bridge, . . 210 26
Foundations,

drawtender's

house, . . 154 00

Edgestone, . . 150 58

Cables, . . . 148 46

Sand, ... 62 60

Stone cutters, 42 78

Engineering : —
Pay rolls,
Expenses,

Drawtender,

Lighting, ....

Supplies

Plans, drawtender's house,
Storing boat,
Life-saving appliances, .
Telephones,
Rent of land.

Amounts carried forward.

$68 50
6 15

$101 00
3 70

$58 76
7 78

$25,218 58

11,758 28

$2,116 17
281 80

74 65

886 80

2,152 05

$104 70

67 55

$86,877 87

2,407 87

1,208 60

435 88

274 78

50 00

34 25

22 62

20 81

12 00

18,517 45

172 25

41,488 80
$454,777 80 $7,888,884 01

80 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

AmoufUB brought forward $454,777 30 $7,8»»,8M 01

Wlnthrop Parkway : —
Landscape Architects :—

Services $69 02

Expenses, 3 45

$72 47

General expense : —
Engineering : —

Pay rolls $500 00

Expenses, 604 81

72 47

Landscape Architects : —

Services, $27 20

Expenses, 3 80

$1,194 81

8100

I^gal 1,847 43

Claims 2,060 00

y 6,138 34

$450,988 01

Amounts charged to Dec. 1, 1908 7,050,884 27

7,510,817 28

Balance In hands of State Treasurer, $377,516 73

Metropolitan Parks Loan Fund, Series II., $4,185,000 00

Receipts from sales, etc., 29 907 41

EocpendUurea.

Blue Hills Parkway : —
Construction : —
Contract : —
U. A. Han scorn

Co., . . . $10,676 82
L. M. Ham & Co., 1,485 00

Stuart & Son Co., 1,675 00

$4,214,907 41

$13,836 32

Labor and materials, . . 26,874 88

$39,210 70

Engineering : —

Pay rolls $496 69

Expenses, 112 34

Landscape Architects, services

Middlesex Fells Parkway : ~

Land

Construction, contract, Coleman Bros.,

Engineering : —

Pay rolls $257 76

Expenses, 15 20

600 03
2 68

$39,822 41

$4,744 49
10,156 75

Landscape Architects: —

Services, $226 12

Expenses 9 47

272 96

234 59

I-egal 127 65

Land experts, 75 00

Claims 100 00

15,711 34

Amounts carried fbrward, $56,688 75 $4,214,907 41

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48, 81

Amounts brought forward '. . , $56,583 75 $4,414,907 41

Mystic Valley Parkway : —
Constractlon, labor and materials : —

Glnn Field $3^978 20

Medford St. houae, ... 128 06

Engineering:- $8,104 26

Pay rolls ^264 78

Expenses 9 20

Landscape Architects:— ^^^

Services $42 00 i

Expenses, 3 26 ''''

46 26 ,f!

^**^ 84 60

Land experts, 25 00

Miscellaneous, 2 26 *

8,626 29

Revere Beach Parkway : —

^^^^ $28,885 66

Construction : —

Contract: —

T. H. Gill A Co., . $2,894 18

T. Stuart A Son

Co 184,797 58

Metropolitan

Construction

Co., . . . 14,476 06

Boston Bridge

Works, . . 11,792 00
N. E. Structural

Co 5,071 00

O. W. Ramsay, . 2,100 14

Scberzer Rolling

Lift Bridge Co., 1,000 00

$222,130 90

Labor and materials : —
Railroad bridges,

piers, . . . $9,881 71
Loam, etc., . . 2,896 00

PJpea. ... 497 22

Bridge guards, . 152 98

Painting fence on

bridge, . . 55 00

Standpipe, . . 39 74

Miscellaneous, . 672 56

18,646 20

Engineering : - *«^''^7« ^^

Payrolls, $8,059 11

Expenses, 796 41

Landscape Architects:— ~ ^,867 52

Services, $26 00

Expenses, 1 71

T ^ 27 71

Land experts ^^^

Jrff^ 65 20

^a.„.: : : : : ; -^

Stone bounds, ^ q^

Miscellaneous, , 160 00

270,285 85

AnumnU carried forv>ard $329,294 89 $4;214,907 41

82 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

AmcunU brought Jbrward $829,894 89 $4,214,907 41

Neponset Rlyer Parkway : —

Land, $9,432 77

ConfltructlOD : —

CoDtract, T. H. Gill ft Co., . . $8,871 21

Labor and material, ... 211 61

9,062 72

Engineering : —

Paj rolls, $2,480 58

Expenaefl, 279 81

2,710 89

Landscape Architects : —

Serrlces, $834 88

Expenses 18 87

388 05

Legal, 887 98

Land experts, 1,824 71

28,226 67

Fresh Pond Parkway : —
Engineering: —

Pay roUs, $6 40

Expenses, 60

$6 90

Landscape Architects : —

Services, $149 46

Expenses 8 54

168 00

164 90

Famace Brook Parkway : —

Land, $6,829 94

Construction, contract, Kowe ft Perini, . . 8,681 97

Engineering : —

Pay rolls, $1,246 66

Expenses, 129 67

1,876 W

Landscape Architects : —

Services, $624 60

Expenses 19 44

644 04

Legal 82 16

Land experts, 119 10

Claims 16 00

Advertising, 86 78

12,086 11

Nahant Beach Parkway : —
■Engineering : —

Payrolls, $96 39

Expenses 20 20

$116 69

Landscape Architects, services, 29 28

Land experts, 276 95

421 82

Charles River Speedway : —
Construction : —
Contract : —
H. P. Cummings

Co., . . . $16,021 89
Coleman Bros., . 22,280 13

$38,802 02

AmourUa carried fortoard, $38,302 02 $865,143 29 $4,214,907 41

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

AmoufUt brought forward,

Constroction — Con.
Labor and materials : —

WaU, . $744 96

Quarter.mlle en-
trance, 396 60

Pleasure grounds, 148 96

Everett St. exten-
sion, ... 160 74

Filling at head-
quarters, . . 78 90

Gymnastic appa-
ratus, ... 81 84

Fence, ... 72 22

Drinking fountain, 86 75

Miscellaneous, . 12 60

$88,302 02

1,733 09

Engineering:—
Pay rolls.
Expenses,

$1,937 08
161 47

Landscape Architects, services, .
Architects, services and plans,
Headquarters furnishings,

Lynn way : —
Construction : —
Contract:—
Metropolitan Con-
struction Co., .
T. Stuart 3b Son
Oo., • • .
Oliver W.Kamsay,
Scherzer Rolling
Lift Bridge
Company,

$32,085 72

8,445 13
5,856 75

1,000 00

$47,387 60

Labor and materials, bridge piers, 2,266 50

Engineering: —
Pay rolls.
Expenses,

Advertising,

$2,858 29
828 20

Blue HlUs Roads: —
Engineering: —
Pay rolls.
Expenses,

$480 42
148 11

Middlesex Fells Roads : —
Engineering : —
Pay rolls,
Expenses,

$404 40
22 35

Lynn.Fells Parkway : —
Bnglneering : —
Pay rolls,
Expenses,

$849 40
20 87

$40,085 11

2,088 50

25 00

809 66

813 87

$49,603 10

8,18149
816 37

$687 53

$426 75

$365,143 29 $4,214,907 41

43,271 64

53,100 96

637 58

426 75

$879 27

Amounts carried forward.

$879 27 $462,680 17 $4,214,907 41

METROPOLITAN PARKS-

[Jan.

Amounts brought fonoard.

Landscape Architects : —

Services,

Expenses

Spy Pond Parkway : —
Engineering: —
Payrolls,
Expenses,

Landscape Architects, services,

General expense : —
Engineering: —
Payrolls, ....
Expenses

Legal

Claims,

Reports of street railway hearings.
Plans, tool bouse, ....

$882 12
28 99

$7 88
10

$666 00
687 28

$879 27 $462,580 17 $4,214,907 41

806 11

$7 48
60 00

$1,393 23

2,004 90

900 00

68 00

2000

786 88

57 43

4,876 18

$467,749 11
Amount charged to Dec. 1, 1908 3,497,276 08

Kalance in hands of State Treasurer,

8,965,025 14
<249,88J 27

Metropolitan Parks System Maintenance.

Appropriation for 1904 9155,97100

1 1'

■ i I

Ea^ndUures,

General expense : —

Salaries,

Rent,

Stationery and printing,

Travelling expenses,

Telephones

Office expenses

Maps and books,

Police,

Advertising rules

Photographs,

Annual report,

AutomaUc cashier,

Typewriter and desk,

Towel supply,

Boxing exhibit for St. Louis,
Horse tags and drawtenders' badges, .
Rent typewriter and table, ....
Spring water

Blue Hills Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, .

Teaming

Police:—

Payrolls,

Uniforms and equipment.

Amounts carried forward,

$9,658 00

2,757 46

783 35

863 12

584 88

888 47

357 40

213 04

864 40

66 50

901 96

112 50

108 50

89 55

13 00

8 10

5 50

5 10

$7,888 00

262 22

8,446 00

829 83

$16,875 56

$16,620 42

$16,620 42 $155,971 00

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 85

Amounts Ir ought forward $16,870 56 $16,620 43 $156,971 00

Forestry, 1,778 10

Travelling 8 70

Wat6riDg 45 67

General supplies, 1,496 49

Keep of horses, 2,046 86

Horses, carriages, etc., 1,087 09

Telephones 401 12

Repairs, 164 60

Portable police booths, 090 89

Boats, 160 82

Painting bouses, etc., 210 86

Water rates 71 96

Lighting 68 78

Express, 47 85

Stoves, 18 00

Shrubs 20 61

Steel mats, 7 60

Money bag, 6 60

Blankets, 5 00

Towels, 2 46

Miscellaneous, 64 29

26,186 61

Middlesex Fells Reservation : —

Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $10,868 08

Teaming, 2,016 60

Police: —

Pay roll 6,867 92

Uniforms and equipment, 621 19

Gypsy moth worlc, 10,619 86

Forestry, 45 50

Travelling, 108 61

Lighting 429 96

General supplies, 1,621 88

Keep of horses 1,026 61

Horses, carriages, etc., 66B 80

Telephones 172 78

Repairs 104 31

Electric wiring, fixtures, etc. (superintendent's

hoase) 286 80

Screens, 69 00

Drinking fountain, 86 60

Express, 61 10

Miscellaneous, 43 20

84,777 M

Revere Beach Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $6,077 40

Teaming 200 60

Police : —

Pay rolls, 14,869 96

(Jnlforms and equipment, 1,180 80

Travelling, 62 76

Watering, 694 00

Lighting, 1,980 91

General supplies, 857 82

Keep of horses, ....... 406 45

Horses, carriages, etc., ....•• 182 29

Telephones, 844 68

Repairs, 87 10

Canvas covers for shelters, 282 70

Amounts carried forteard, .... $26,525 84 $76,684 67 $155,971 00

.li

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

AmounU brought fottoardt .... $26|626 84

Settees 800 00

PhjslciaDs' Berrlces, ....... 136 00

Rubbish barrels, ...'.... S6 60

Photographs, 02 80

Express, iS 18

Water rates, 87 00

Awnings SO 60

Flags » 60

Miscellaneous 19 73

Stony Brook Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $3,668 54

Teaming, 103 75

Police: —

Payrolls, 1,096 00

Uniforms and equipment, ..... 24 85

General supplies, 828 36

Keep of horses 186 16

Horses, carriages, etc., 73 37

Telephones, 61 13

Repairs 36 12

Water rates 13 00

Bxpress, 85

Beaver Brook Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $1,370 65

Teaming 40 50

Police : —

Pay rolls, 77 40

Uniforms and equipment, 39 83

Travelling 6 00

General supplies 105 68

Keep of horses, 102 41

Horses, carriages, etc., 38 45

Telephones, 61 30

Repairs, 101 87

Wat«r pipe, . 29 64

Book case, 9 00

Water rates, 5 00

Sewer assessment, 4 50

Miscellaneous 1 75

Charles River Reservation : —
Riverside Section : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials $2,746 58

Teaming 127 66

Police : —

Pay rolls, 6,318 16

Uniforms and equipment, 514 75

Travelling 107 81

General supplies, 819 17

Horses, carriages, etc., 56 45

Telephones 176 20

Repairs, 19 75

Boats, 256 00

Gas and electric lighting 144 43

Tool house, 126 00

Changes in heating apparatus 109 14

$76,584 67 $155,971 00

27,112 06

6,067 18

1,092 48

Amount* carried fortoardf

$11,520 09 $111,766 33 $155,971 00

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

Amounts hrought forward.

$11,620 09 $111,756 88 $166,971 00

Water rates,

Signs

Express,

Float,' Forest Grove,
Flag, . . . .
Physicians' services,
Ash barrels,
Mlsoellaneous, .

Charles Biver Reservation : —
Speedway Section : —
Labor: —

Pay rolls and materials,

Teaming,

Police:—

Payrolls

Uniforms and equipment, .

Travelling,

Watering

^Llghtiog

General supplies,

Keep of horses

Horses, carriages, etc., .
Telephones, ....

Bepalrs,

Gravel, loam, etc

Electric lighting,

Water rates, ....

Trees

Electric wiring, bells, etc., .

Signs,

Awnioge,

Copper gutter

Linen,

Rugs.

Rubber boots, ....
Miscellaneous, ....

Neponset River Reservation : —
Labor, pay rolls and materials,

Forestry,

Telephones, ....

Mystic River Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials,

Teaming, .
Police, pay rolls,
General supplies,
Telephones,
Miscellaneous, .

Lynn Shore Reservation : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials,

Teaming,

Police : —

Payrolls, ....

Uniforms and equipment, .

Travelling,

General supplies,

Amouwtt earHsd/orwardt

09 28

20 74

20 95

12 00

10 60

660

460

26 80

11,689 81

•

$7,746 93

2,097 00

5,509 99

826 63

14 28

1,895 69

. 1,062 84

1.168 08

1,658 17

684 36

150 67

68 80

1,069 00

61 62

42 00

4S 60

26 66

15 90

15 00

18 00

12 86

12 00

8 90

83 69

23,720 41

$194 10

830 90

27 88

1,052 38

$382 42

22 60

1,125 00

13 85

38 80

6 00

1,687 67

$326 01

48 50

885 00

21 90

18 80

139 25

$1,438 46 $149,756 60 $155,971 00

88 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Amounf brought forward, .... «1,4S8 «6 9149,71)650 $lSt,gTl 00

Repairing wall, eo 00

Fence, 15 99

Advertising, U 60

1,628 96

Qalncy Shore Beservation : —

Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $606 86

Teaming 97 78

rollce: —

Pay rolls 192 60

Uniforms and equipment, 8 00

80868

Wlnthrop Shore Reservation : —

Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $977 66

Teapiing 98 60

Police : --

Pay rolls, 928 26

Uniforms and equipment, 18 40

Watering, 691 04

Lighting • . . . 696 54

General supplies, 192 10

Telephones, 67 SO

Water rates 9 00

8.675 81

165,789 89

Balance, $211 11

Metropolitan Parks Boulevard Maintenance.

Appropriation for 1904, $88,000 00

Expendiiures,

General expense : —

Salaries $8,114 34

Rent, 2,757 62

Stationery and printing 1,166 45

Telephones, 687 73

Maps and books, 342 74

Travelling expenses 189 06

Office expenses, 481 71

Mechanical accountant, 160 00

Repairing radiator 82 66

Towel supply, 28 25

Police, 18 10

Photographs, 16 20

Spring water, 3 76

Miscellaneous 29 47

$18,977 86

Blue Hills Parkway : —

Labor : —

Pay roUs and materials, $2,015 58

Teaming 496 11

Police : —

Pay rolls 2,146 25

Uniforms and equipment 75 88

Forestry, 160 82

Watering, 1,729 04

Lighting 2,618 87

General supplies, 103 18

Telephones, 72 96

Drain pipe, 787 87

Amounts carried fonoard, .... $10,200 05 $18,977 86 $88,000 00

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

11,290 46

21,680 10

Amouta* hroughtftyrward, .... $10,200 05 $13,977 86 $88,000 00

Gasoline engines and pumps, .... 680 00

Police signal boxes, 300 47

Wire fencing, 186 92

Heater, 14^

Miscellaneous, n ei

Middlesex Fells Parkway : —
Labor: —

Pay rolls and materials, $8,894 08

Teaming, l!80» 00

Police: —

^*y «>"8, 5^117 50

Uniforms and equipment, gog yg

Forestry, 48 Ig

Moths, 215 68

W»*«^^ 1,747 89

Lighting g 735 25

General supplies, 422 07

Horses, carriages, etc., 818 46

Telephones 212 58

Bepairs, 168 20

. Plumbing office, ...*.... es 00

Sewer assessment, qq 00

Heating apparatus 2^08

Lighting office 15 92

Office furniture, 5 15

Miscellaneous, 19 50

Mystic Valley Parkway : —
Labor: —

Pay rolls and materials $2,689 47

Teaming [ '73525

Police : —

I'*y rolls 2,788 00

Uniforms and equipment, 67 20

Watering, 889 4^

Lighting 2,640 24

General supplies, 229 28

Keep of horses, 48 80

Horses, carriages, etc., 5 50

Telephones, 96 86

Mo^*>«' 2,068 87

^^<»<8, 85 00

Revere Beach Parkway : —
Labor: —

Pay rolls and materials, $8,672 96

Teaming, '26826

Police: —

Payrolls 4,208 76

Uniforms and equipment, 433 44

Watering, 8,467 48

^^e^^^« 4,660 04

General supplies 296 88

Keep of horses 84 60

Horses, carriages, etc., 2,811 12

Bubber boots * 9 96

Damages by accident, ^50

Oil suits 5 21

Physician, 5 Oo

Amounts earri4a/orward, .... $19,70908 $69,06129 $83,000^

12,088 87

90 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Amount* brought Sorward, .... $19,700 08 $59,051 29 $83,000 00

Water rates 5 00 •

Repairs 20 51

19,784 54

Nahant Beach Parkway : —
Labor : —

Fay rolls and materials, $911 31

Teaming, 80 60

Police: —

Pay roUs, 965 55

Uniforms and equipment, 30 83

Travelling expenses 8 40

General supplies, 139 82

Horses, carriages, etc., 23 44

Telephones, 120 65

*— 2,275 50 •

Fresh Pond Parkway : —
Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $454 76

Teaming, 4 50

Police : —

Pay rolls, 910 00

Uniform 8 and equipment 2190

Watering ^. . . . . 17 46

Lighting, 450 00

General supplies, 44 11

Signs, 5 50

1,908 23

Furnace Brook Parkway : —

Labor, teaming, 1 67

82,971 2S

Balance $28

<«

N^ANTASKET BeACM MAINTENANCE.
Appropriation for 19()4, $16,200 00

Expenditures,

Labor : —

Pay rolls and materials, $3,067 81

Teaming, 280 00

Police: —

Pay rolls, 9,057 63

Uniforms and equipment, '288 76

Travelling expenses 16 10

Watering, 687 80

Lighting 1,166 56

General supplies 670 61

Telephones 181 01

Repairs, 70 14

Board walks, 161 10 '

Rent, superintendent's house, 216 65

Repairs, caf^, 289 82

Dormitory supplies, 43 94

Express, 17 46

Miscellaneous 13 45

16,126 83

Balance, .............. $73 17

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48.

Metropolitan Parks Expense Fund.

Balance Jan. 1, 1«04 $42,113 65

Reoeipta, 1904 64,668 38

$106,778 03

Expenditures.

General expense : —
Stop-watchea $34 20

— — — ^^-^ $34 20

Blue Hills Reservation : —

Horses, $750 oo

Repairs, houses, 689 48

Outside windows, superintendent's house, . 188 10

Wells, 4^0 76

Labor, telephone company 67 50

Water rates 16 oo

Middlesex Fells Reservation : —

Repairs, stable, $80S 86

Labor, 97 20

Paint, 84 06

Animals, 46 60

Water rates, 22 00

Shades, 14 72

' 668 48

Reyere Beach Reservation : —

Bath-house: —

Payrolls, $15,078 00

Bathing suits, 4,167 02

Coai 1,718 06

Lighting 1,668 46

Towels, 644 68

Supplies, 487 64

Stockings, 891 86

I'aint, 836 44

Sewing machines 810 70

Findings 267 13

Engine-room supplies, . '211 76

Ice, 202 70

Medicines and attendance, . . 16u 79

Motor, 135 00

Hardware 166 89

Hose 148 06

Matting 120 00

Soap, etc., 116 78

Tickets, etc., 92 70

Water rates, 77 88

Repairs, 77 46

Caps 70 00

Telephones, 67 62

Disinfectant, 62 60

Lumber 53 26

Stationery, 82 86

Flags, 25 06

Repairing clocks 24 70

Frames, 19 00

Chairs, 15 75

Blankets, 16 00

Express 12 28

Manager's uniform, ... 10 78

Amounts carried forward, $26,776 60 $2,869 42 $106,772 08

METROPOLITAN PARKS.

[Jan.

AmourUt brought forward, $26,776 50

Bath-house— Con,

Silver rings 8 34

Tide cards 8 00

Miscellaneous, .... 38 11

$26,826 96

Patrol wagon 560 00

Power dory 826 00

Removal of piles, 807 91

Horse 260 00

Repairs, Ocean Avenue, 192 60

Typewriter and desk, Ill 50

Furniture, police station 80 86

Changes in plumbing 66 00

Police signals, 47 80

Shades, superintendent's house 28 08

Report, carnival wiring 26 00

Skiflf 18 00

Stony Brook Reservation : —

Painting house, $142 60

Water rates 41 00

Beaver Brook Reservation : —

Lumber $229 18

Water connection, 210 66

Fountain, 76 96

Hemlock Gorge Reservation : —

Repairs to house, $62 77

Water rates, 12 49

Charles River Reservation : —
Riverside Section : —

Repairs to shelter. Forest Grove, $896 00

Rent, superintendent's house 800 00

Fence, Charles Street, 70 00

Repairs to house, Forest Grove, 36 69

Water rates, '. 81 86

Steps, Moody Street, 16 00

Force pump, 7 60

Speedway Section : —

Horses $1,060 00

Watering cart 400 00

Snow sled 276 00

Road machine 170 00

Lumber, 164 64

Signal system 142 60

Drags, 126 99

Quarter mile entrance 67 82

Harrow, 11 00

Advertising, 6 68

Neponset River Reservation : —

Advertising, $17 00

Water rates, 16 00

Miscellaneous 27 96

Mystic River Reservation : —

Repairs to barn, $811 16

Horse 260 00

Amourits carried forward, .... $6ei 15

$2,869 42 $106,772 08

28,817 09

188 60

616 69

66 26

866 66

2,408 08

60 96

$86,771 65 $106,772 OS

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 93

AminifUa brought forward 9661 16 $86,771 65 $106,772 OS

MIscellaneouB labor, 173 27

Bepaln to hoase, HI 50 !

Concrete walk, 94 00

Water rates 34 01

AdrertlBing 6 75 |

960 68

Lynn Shore Reservation : —

Water rates, $9 00

Advertising 3 75

12 76

Blue Hills Parkway : —

Horse $360 00

860 00

Middlesex Fells Parkway : —
Signal system, $69 16

69 16

Mystic Valley Parkway : —

Road machine, . . $170 00

Water rates 16 60

18660

Revere Beach Parkway : —
Repairs, Gladstone Street house : —

Grading, $297 87

Repairs, 231 46

Painting, 125 00

Moving, 115 00

Edgestone, 21 67

$790 90

Painting fence, ' 216 96

Water rates 18 00

Grading, 18 00

Planting trees 16 00

Paving, 14 20

1,073 06

KepoDset River Parkway : —

Repairs to houses $24 12

Water rates, 12 00

36 12

Furnace Brook Parkway : —
Advertising, $2 60

2 60

Nantasket Beach Reservation : ~

Bath-house : —

Pay rolls $4,901 36

Coal 1,221 00

Bathing suits, .... 842 20

Shelter, bath house, ... 606 36

Water rates, 281 68

Paint 157 70

Shelter roof, 100 00

Engine-room supplies, . . • 80 19

Stockings, 86 76

Bath-house supplies, ... 68 07

Towels, 66 90

Lighting, 47 73

Ice, 40 29

Architects, 36 40

Estimating cost of steam, . . 35 00

Telephones, 27 00

Medicines and attendance, . . 26 39

Disinfectant, 25 00

AtnourUa carried forward, $8,657 92 $88,482 41 $106,772

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REPORT ON IMPROVEMENT

OF THE

UPPER MYSTIC RIVER AND ALEWIFE BROOK

BY MEANS OF

Tide Gates and Large drainage Channels.

Bt JOHN R. FRBEMAN, Civil Engineer.

BosTOK, Mass., Sept. 21, 19M.

To the Metropolitan Park Commission^ Boston^ Mass,

Gentlemen : — On July 23, 1903, you requested me to study
a proposal of your Landscape Architects to facilitate, and lessen
the expense of, improving Mystic River by placing tide gates
at Cradock Bridge, near tlie City Hall, Medford, so arranged
as to exclude high tides from the marshes and restrain the ebb
tide by a weir from uncovering the muddy, unsightly and bad
smelling banks which are now uncovered at low tide, and in
that way make it possible to build the various roads and paths
planned along the river at little above the present marsh level
(10.5) instead of at above the level of the highest tide (15.6).
You requested me also to study the project, authorized by
chapter 327 of the Acts of 1903, for improving the sanitary and
drainage conditions of Ale wife Brook by placing tide gates near
its outlet into Mystic River, and by deepening and cleaning the
brook under the joint action of Arlington, Belmont, Cambridge
and Somerville. These two proposals of tide gates in the
Mystic River and of tide gates in Alewife Brook suggested
possibilities of co-operation, and also possibilities of conflict in
operation.

Your Board expressed a desire that, if possible, plans be
studied out and submitted by which your proposed work along
Mystic River could be carried out in full harmony with, and,
if possible, so as to assist in the sanitary improvements along
Alewife Brook contemplated by Arlington, Belmont, Cambridge

98 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

and Somerville, under the Act above referred to, and further
suggested that in connection therewith I should consider care-
fully the conditions existing throughout the marshes and water
margins of all this region before a large expense was incurred
for new structures in either direction.

I have, therefore, carefully inspected the entire watershed of
Mystic Biver and made a thorough study of the conditions of
stream flow in time of heavy rainfall and extra high tide along
Mystic Eiver, and especially along Alewife Brook and Welling-
ton Brook. I have been forced to the conclusion that any such
simple arrangement of tide gates as that contemplated in Ale-
wife Brook, unless supplemented by large and expensive storage
basins, is likely to prove unsatisfactory by failure to prevent
the occasional overflow of the marshes during the heavy storms
from May to November. Moreover, unless arrangement is
made, necessarily at large expense, for flushing out the stagnant
pools above the proposed tide gates with cleaner upland water
impounded in Spy Pond and Little Pond, a worse nuisance
than that existing at present is liable to result from the present
pollution of Alewife Brook by the flood overflows of the Cam-
bridge sewers, by the foul flow of Tannery Brook, by the gutter
wash of horse manure and the like brought into the brook in
heavy rains, and by manure piles on the truck market gardens
of Arlington and Belmont and at the railroad sidings. On the
other hand, I am of the opinion that properly designed tide
gates and weirs placed in Mystic Eiver at Cradock Bridge will
not only facilitate the work to be carried out by your Commis-
sion along the river, but will also improve the present condi-
tions of Alewife Brook and its tributary region, and will be in
the line of a future complete improvement of the sanitary and
drainage conditions of Alewife Brook according to a plan sub-
mitted with this report, which seems to me to be the most
feasible and least expensive plan for accomplishing such im-
provement, or according to any feasible plan which I can now
foresee for such improvement.

The details of my investigations and suggestions are as fol-
lows : —

Sanitary Coxditioxs. Malaria.

As soon as I began my investigations I found conditions
already existing along Alewife Brook and in the bordering
marsh lands so contrary to what modem sanitary science
teaches they should be that I was led to request of your Board

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 99

that a complete sanitary survey of the neighborhood be author-
ized, in order to learn how far the health of those living near
the marshes had already suffered. This request was granted.

The experts called on to make this further investigation were
Mr. Charles Edward Amory Winslow of the biological labora-
tories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an investi-
gator who has given much attention to problems of the public
health, and Mr. William Lyman Underwood, lecturer in biology
at Technology, a naturalist of exceptional information in all
that pertains to the breeding of mosquitoes and the causes of
malaria, who had for many yeara resided near the district and
made himself familiar with the peculiar conditions presented,
and who had, furthermore, gained practical experience as
chairman of the board of health of the town of Belmont and
in supervising drainage improvements on Wellington Brook.

The results of this inquiry were startling. Every physician
who was consulted testified that malarial disease was already
prevalent, and that it was apparently increasing and slowly
extending northerly and easterly from Cambridge and through
the lowlands of Arlington toward West Medf ord.

A canvass of twelve prominent practising physicians of Cam-
bridge, Belmont, Arlington and Somerville disclosed that during
the summer of 1903 these twelve physicians had treated in all
about 800 cases of malaria in the region tributary to Alewife
Brook, and that the disease was spreading away from the
cheaper houses near the marshes and clay pits to the more
expensive residential districts on the upland. The sum total
of cases which twelve physicians reported, each for his own
practice during the twelve months previous, reached 807. The
records of these cases were not so complete as is desirable, and
the count by the physicians was based largely on memory and
general impressions, but any possible overestimate by these
physicians may ^be regarded as balanced by the well-known
fact that in many of the milder cases no physician was con-
sulted.

A brief house-to-house canvass through the lowlands and the
houses near the marshes, visiting one-sixth of all the houses
within a half mile of the stream and its branches, but naturally
taking those nearest the stream first, made in December, 1903,
showed that out of a total of 942 persons living in these 168
houses 242 cases of malaria were reported, — a ratio of 1 in 4.
This house-to-house canvass, made under the supervision of

100 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Messrs. Underwood and Winslow by Mr. W. C. Lonnsbury,
was extended subsequently over a larger area, and the territory
covered is shown on an accompanying map.
The results in brief were as follows : —

Penons.

Families visited, 683 3,341

Families reporting malaria within past five years, 222 446

Proportion of families that had suffered from

malaria, 1 in 3 1 In 7.5

Within half a mile of these marshes the nmnher of dwellings are :
Camhridge, 525; Belmont, 123; Arlmgton, 201; Somerville, 307;
total, 1,156. Estimated at 5 persons per house total is 5,7S0.

If proportions for whole district were as foond above, 1/3 is 385 ; 1/7* 5
is 770.

In some of the better class of the residential districts border-
ing the marsh there was a manifest desire on the part of some
residents to defend the district against the reproach of malaria,
although physicians reported frequent cases therein.

. In view of the results of this house-to-house canvass and of
the approximate estimate of cases presented by the physicians
I consider it not improbable that, counting recurrent cases and
the mild cases in which a physician's aid is not sought, the
unsanitary conditions of these marshes and of the clay pits near
them have resulted in 500 or more cases of malarial disease in
a single year, and considering that records of 446 individual
cases were obtained from a limited area, and the impractica-
bility of hunting down all the cases in many houses, it appears
probable that the number in the whole district within five
years has exceeded 1,000.

But whatever the precise figure may be, it is certain that
malaria prevails to an alarming extent and is spreading ; that
this condition is due to bad drainage of the marshes and clay
pits; that whether the number of cases per year is 500 or 200,
these are a ta^c on the vital force and comfort of the community
which demands a remedy.

The Anopheles, the type of mosquito in which the malarial
germ breeds, had been found by Mr. Underwood at various
times during the past three years multiplying in various stag-
nant pools in the upper marshes, and has again during this
summer been found by him in large numbers.*

* On Aug. 11, 1904, Mr. Underwood made a partial inspection of the marshes,
visiting such places between Concord Avenue and the mouth of Little River as
could be reached without a boat. Out of 32 jpoola examined 16 contained Ano-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 101

I was thus obliged at the outset to face a great sanitary
problem, which for the time overshadowed the study of details
of tide-gate designs, for questions of public health are para-
mount, and should have precedence over landscape design and
facilities for brickmaking or market gardening.

In December last I placed before your Board these broader
aspects of the problem, and was thereupon instructed to
endeavor to design an economical method of accomplishing the
sanitary improvement of Mystic Biver and of the entire area
tributary to both Alewife Brook and Mystic Biver, and then to
indicate the extent to which the expenditures by your Board
for park improvements might be made to assist in carrying out
such feasible design for the general sanitary improvement of
the region. I was requested to carry these designs and the
collection of data to such point only as would enable your Board
to present the matter properly to the Legislature or to the State
Board of Health for examination and approval, or for further
recommendations. In carrying out these instructions your
Engineering Department has co-operated most earnestly in
meeting my requests for more complete and more accurate data
than was obtainable when I began the work, and has had
several field parties at work on surveys of the marshes and
channels and on the collection of a variety of necessary infer*
mation. Additional engineering and other assistance has also
been furnished by your Board, and the engineering departments
of the cities and towns adjacent to the region have co-operated
in furnishing such plans and data as were already in their
possession. Thus, for the first time, there have been provided
complete topographical maps of the marshes, ponds and chan-
nels, on a large scale, showing the height of ground, the
heights of standing water, depths of channels, depth of peat

pheles lanrsB and 25 contained Cnlez. In many of these jpoolA both species were
breeding, and in only 4 of the places examined were mosqnito larvie absent.
Just back of the buildings formerly of the Boston Packing Company, bat lately
reopened as a glne factory, more mosquito larvsB to the cubic foot were found
than Mr. Underwood had ever observed elsewhere. In some places over an area
of twenty square feet the water was so filled with wigglers that the bottom could
hardly be seen. Three large spoonfuls of water of one ounce each dipped out
contained by actual count 482, 495 and 733 larvae. A laborer from the glue
factory said, " Everybody who works here has been sick with malaria; about 60
work people who came here since the glue factory opened took sick and left. I
have had the chills twice ; only old hands can stand it.'* The water in some of
the i)ools was foul with what appeared to be some kind of refuse from the glue
factory of a putrescible nature that gave off nauseating odors when stirred up.
Along Alewife Brook among the growing canebrake Anopheles are abundant.

102 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

and muck, and a yariety of other information necessary for a
thorough study of these problems.

The chief sanitary requirements now appear to be : —

1. Drain the marshes.

2. Lessen the present pollution of Alewife Brook.

The sanitary purpose of the first requirement, stated more in
detail, is to abolish so far as possible the breeding places of
malarial mosquitoes and of the ordinary mosquitoes. Breeding
places for both of these kinds of mosquitoes now abound in the
many small stagnant pools scattered over the 250 acres of wet
land known collectively as Fresh Pond Marshes, and the 50
acres of wet land along Alewife Brook and the Upper Mystic.
Mosquitoes also breed in the pools in and near the Cambridge
clay pits, but these pools drain into the marsh channels so that
whatever lowers the water in the marsh makes it easier to drain
the wet ground near the clay pits. These marshes lie in large
part between the head of Alewife Brook and Spy Pond in
Arlington. Curiously, the upstream marshes are about a foot
lower than the marshes farther down the stream, and contain
much greater depths of peat. The 250 acres near the head are
about 6 inches below the level of mean high tide in Boston
Harbor and from 4 to 5 feet below the level to which the tide
sometimes rises in great storms. To properly drain this great
area the general water level must be kept down to between 2
and 3 feet below the general marsh level, or at an elevation
somewhere between 7.0 and 7.5, Boston base. To accomplish
this result and to guard against the overflow of the marsh at time
of lieavy rainfall, not only must tide gates be properly designed
and so located as to exclude the tides which now, especially at
the time of full moon, rise above the level of the marshes, but
provision must also be made for storage basins adequate to care
for the rainfall accumulated during the time that the outside
tide is above the level proposed in the basin. An elevation of
7.0 for the crest of the long weir for controlling the height of
low water in the basin is found to be the best adapted for
securing safe drainage of the marsh, for providing sufficient
storage between tides in ordinary rain storms, and, on the other
hand, giving head and fall sufficient for discharging this stored
water on the outgoing tide, and for the best utilization of
Lower Mystic Lake and Spy Pond.

When the general water elevation within the marsh channels
is lowered 3 feet the marsh soil will settle from 3 to 11 inches,
according to the depth and composition of the soil and peat at

Off Buy Stue Row). Cambridge.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 103

different localities, but not more than 6 to 9 inches may be
expected on the greater part of the marsh proper, and the
general elevation of the 250 acres of marsh between Fresh
Pond and Spy Pond will, after drainage and settlement, be-
come 9.5 or perhaps 9.0 by Boston base in a few places. This
shrinkage of the marsh in height will lessen the depth of flood
water that can be stored in the channels without overflowing
their banks. The drainage thus provided for ought to be
accompanied by straightening and deepening the channel of
Alewife Brook and of the other brooks of the region, and
should be supplemented by filling up many of the smaller pools
and the shallow portions of the larger pools and of the aban-
doned clay pits, and, wherever practicable, by connecting the
remaining portion of the larger pools and the unused clay pits
with the brooks by large drainage channels, which will give
easy access for the minnows and other natural enemies which
feed on the mosquito larvsd.

Such drainage will of itself not only improve the sanitary
condition of this region, but will permit large areas of land
that is now almost worthless to be continuously cultivated, or
devoted to other beneficial uses.*

The amount of pollution that now finds its way into Alewife
Brook can be further lessened and the natural future increase
of pollution restricted without burdensome expense and with
great benefit to the community. The discharge of refuse tan-
nery liquors, foul with washings of hides, into the brook a few
hundred feet east of Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, should
be no longer tolerated. The former large slaughterhouse that
has now been changed into a glue factory will require quite
as careful sanitary supervision.

The sewage from all neighboring dwellings, stables and
factories should be taken into the Alewife Brook branch of the

* An inspection of the marshes, pools and water courses in midsmnmer, 1901,
shows that conversion into cultivated hay fields and market gardens, thus bring-
ing the smiace into the son and air, will be most advantageous, and that if, as
seems desirable, they should be bordered by a road or a parkway, it would be
defiirable to confine the plantings to close, low-growing shrubs and planted
in a narrow fringe, and, in brief, that everything practical should be done to
proxnote the drying of the surface of the ground.

It: is an open question how rank the growth of border weeds within the pools
and. channels will be after the pollution of the water is lessened. They are now
much too luxuriant. Perch Pond is three-quarters covered by a mat of duck-
weed, and weeds grow rank in many parts of the lower brook and Little Brook.
Analogy from the upper portions of the brooks and of the marshes of Spy Pond,
Liittle Pond and the Aberjona River indicates that these weeds can be kept in
proper subjection at small expense.

104 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

north metropolitan sewer which, fortunately, runs conveniently
near, and the manure piles on the railroad sidings and the
market gardens near the stream should be so placed and sur-
rounded that their leachings in time of rain would run through
a bank of gravel before reaching the stream, and thus receive,
at least, a crude intermittent filtration. The gradual extension
of the separate system of sewerage already begun in Cambridge
will tend to lessen the amount of overflow from the common
sewers of Cambridge into Alewife Brook in time of storm.

The data thus far collected on the, pollution of Alewife
Brook, taken in connection with the general studies made a
year and a half ago for the Committee on the Charles fiiver
Dam, give good reason to believe that this pollution can readily
be kept within such limits that, in connection with the large
volume of upland water that will come down Wellington Brook
and Winn's Brook after almost every rain severe enough to
cause overflow of sewage, no offensive sights or smells would
occur in the pools and channels if the tide gates and weir be
located at Cradock Bridge. There will be less danger of offen-
sive conditions with the weir and tide gates at Cradock Bridge
than if these are located at the outlet of Alewife Brook, because
the pollution comes mainly from Cambridge territory, and with
the tide gates farther down and on the Mystic, this will become
absorbed in a larger basin and diluted by the flow from a much
larger watershed. Moreover, the sewage overflows are found
to follow the rainfall with great promptness, and to reach the
stream earlier than the upland water of Wellington Brook and
Winn's Brook, while the main freshet of the Upper Mystic
comes later still, and therefore if certain sewer outlets are
changed as they should be, their discharge will be diluted and
pushed down stream by this later flow.

It is found practicable to so regulate the outflow from Spy
Pond and Little Pond that the flushing with this upland water
will be a great safeguard toward keeping the water of the en-
larged channels clean.

Storage Requirements on Alewife Brook to prevent

Floods over Marshes.

There are 300 acres of wet and soggy land in the neighbor-
hood of Alewife Brook and about 635 acres more of low border-
ing land. Due regard for the health of the present and future
population requires either the filling of these lands up to grade
12 or 15 and the building of roads at grade 16, Boston base, or

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 105

else that the general ground- water level be lessened and kept
down through the year. The interests of the gardeners near
the marsh also require that the lands of slightly greater eleva-
tion bordering the marsh shall not be inundated during heavy
rains. The filling up of these lowlands to a grade above the
ordinary drainage levels, or to the grades adopted generally in
Boston and Cambridge, would cost over $2,000,000, and is
plainly a matter for the very distant future. Meanwhile,
another method must be found for guarding the health of the
surrounding populous districts against the increasing malaria.
The quickest and most economical method of doing this is
undoubtedly by tide gates and large drainage channels, pro-
vided these are properly designed and located. The problem
of draining these marshes is, however, one of exceptional diffi-
culty, because the marshes are now 6 inches below sea level at
mean high tide and will be about 14 inches below mean high
water after they have shrunk and settled as a result of drain-
age, and because a quick and flashy tributary watershed of 7.07
square miles area above the outlet of Alewife Brook may during
heavy sudden rains deliver a volume of water far beyond the
capacity of any reasonable pumping plant.

On the ebb tide the water level in Mystic Eiver just below
Alewife Brook outlet is now held up to grade 6 at spring tides
and to about 5 at neap tides by the present height of the river
bed, and stands there from four to five hours, while the harbor
tide falls 4 to 7 feet lower. It is nearly five miles along the
natural drainage channel from the head of the marshes to the
head of navigation on the Mystic estuary in Medford just below
Cradock Bridge. The length of drainage channel and the lack
of sufficient fall to provide rapid fiow of the storm water
through the drainage channel make the problem in a way much
more difficult than that of providing an outlet for great freshets
in Stony Brook, on which Boston has been at work the past
eighteen years; for in the case of Stony Brook there was /in
ample elevation to provide a very rapid delivery through the
large culvert 17 feet in diameter.

To keep a flood like that which in 1886 caused such great
damage along Stony Brook from flooding the 250 acres of Fresh
Pond Marshes, and flooding as much more low arable land
bordering the marshes, will necessitate large tide gates at
Cradock Bridge and an exceptionally broad deep channel, say
40 to 100 feet wide at the ordinary surface and 4 to 6 feet deep
at ordinary height and somewhere between 15 and 30 feet wide

106 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

on the bottom, which in time of greatest freshets would become
5 or 6 feet deeper and 30 to 40 feet wider, and eyen a channel
of this great size may not be large enough to carry off the
water of a February or March freshet without flooding the
marshes unless provision be made for holding back the upland
water of Wellington Brook and Winn's Brook until much of
the immediate run-off has been discharged through the tide
gates. The two Mystic lakes must also continue to be utilized
to restrain and distribute the flood discharge over several tides.
Even if all the marshes should be filled up to above high tide
level in the distant future, the volume of flood water to be pro-
vided for would remain the same, and the full size of these
enlarged channels be needed as a safeguard against the inun-
dation of the valley by the freshets liable to occur during the
spring or winter months.

Prevextion of Flooding Marshes in Summer only.

Two very different plans may be followed according as pro-
vision is made for controlling all floods, or controlling only the
summer floods.

The percentage of heavy rainfall that reaches the stream in
summer, when the ground is absorptive, covered with verdure,
dry and sponge-like, is only a small fraction of that which may
quickly run off into the stream when the ground is frozen, or
that which may come to it from the melting of a heavy covering
of snow by a warm, heavy rain.

The sanitary conditions for the near future can be fairly well
met by providing for the summer drainage only, or that from
May 1 to November 1. A much smaller and less expensive
channel will accomplish this than if a channel is to be now
built which will permanently drain the marshes and keep their
present levels (after shrinkage) from inundation. A channel
of moderate size and depth, with sloping banks that increase
the width rapidly as height increases, may be now built that
will drain the marshes, prevent their inundation in all but the
highest spring freshets, and that in future, without deepening,
will carry the greatest freshets between the higher banks that
will confine it after a filling up and grading of the marsh in
the future to a proper height; and the material is so easily
excavated that the cost of such a large drainage channel, as
public works go, may be surprisingly cheap.

The run-off from heavy rainfalls on the drainage area of 7.07
square miles tributary to Alewife Brook will from year to year

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 107

become larger and more rapid as streets are extended and houses
built within the watershed, and is probably eyen under present
conditions frequently greater than could be stored between
tides in the small channel contemplated under the Act of 1903,
and far beyond the capacity of any reasonable outfit of powerful
pumps kept in readiness for immediate use in connection with
tide gates located at Alewife Brook.

For these reasons, among others, I believe that tide gates at
Alewife Brook outlet alone, with the small amount of channel
improvement that I understand to have been contemplated
under that Act of 1903 referred to above, would in time of
heavy rainfall fail to provide the drainage expected, particularly
after water weeds had time to grow again in the channel ; and
I am also of the opinion that unless such contemplated improve-
ments were accompanied by the removal of the present sources
of pollution, they would fail utterly to remedy the present bad
sanitary conditions.*

Sufficient Storage OBTAiijrABLE by Use of Mystic River,
Spy Pond, Little Pond, Mystic Lake and Large Con-
necting Channel.

Fortunately, the natural surroundings are such that these
storage and drainage requirements, after even the most extreme
storms, can be met by tide gates and weirs at Cradock Bridge,
in combination with adequate storage for rainfall in Spy Pond
and Little Pond, and the excavation of a broad, deep channel
extending from Spy Pond and Little Pond down through the
midst of the marshes to where Alewife Brook joins the Mystic
Eiver, and by enlarging and deepening the outlet from Lower
Mystic Lake for a short distance. This channel should be deep
in order that the growth of weeds may not soon choke it.

This general plan for draining the marshes and controlling
the flood waters, in combination with maintaining substantially
a constant water level in the Mystic Eiver alongside the park-
way now under construction by your Board, presents so many
advantages from whatever point of view it may be looked at
that, as already stated, I have prepared and submit herewith
designs for the structures, in preliminary form. The design
now presented is intended to prevent the greatest summer

* It may be noted that tide gates have been tried on Alewife Brook and were
removed, it is nnderstood, in some way, because they caused the freqnent flood-
ing on the meadows and marshes above.

108 METROPOLITAN PAEKS. [Jan.

freshet from overflowing the lowest of the marsh lands, but is
not expected to prevent all overflows of the present low lands
by winter or early spring freshets, for it appears proper to lessen
the first cost and take some chances of occasionally overflowing
more or less of the marsh in winter or in the early spring
months by exceptionally severe rainfalls and freshets such as
may result from a heavy rain falling on frozen ground. The
channel that I have designed is, however, sufficiently broad so
that if, in future, these marsh lands are filled and graded to a
level proper for general use, it can, with the 3 to 1 slope of its
banks, present greater width as the water rises to convey the
most extreme freshets.

As already stated, an elevation of 7.0 for the crest of the
long weir shown on the plan submitted appears to be that best
adapted for controlling the height of low water in the basin,
securing safe drainage, providing a sufficient storage between
tides and sufficient fall and head for discharging the stored
water on the outgoing tide. At this grade the required storage
area may be provided at comparatively little expense in Lower
Mystic Lake and Spy Pond and in the large drainage channels
proposed. Perhaps some of the larger abandoned clay pits can
also be connected and utilized.

It is a simple matter of construction to utilize the storage
capacity of Lower Mystic Lake and Spy Pond and at the same
time make these safe against a possible backing up of polluted
water from Alewife Brook, or to provide, in effect, an upper
and lower storage basin connected by an open but restricted
water way, thK)ugh which boats can pass. The upper basin
may be so regulated by a controlling sluice as to receive and
hold temporarily in check the upland freshet water only, which
is as pure as that now in Spy Pond, until the freshet water from
the watershed of the lower basin has been discharged, and then
to utilize the accumulated upland water a few hours later to
flush out the channels leading to the lower basin.

There will result a slight lowering of Spy Pond and Mystic
Lake, which, however, is perfectly practicable without injury
to their purity or attractiveness. As illustrating the practi-
cability of thus lowering Spy Pond and the Lower Mystic, it
may be mentioned that Fresh Pond, Cambridge, originally at
about the elevation of Spy Pond, was found standing at about
level 7.0 during our ground-water observations, and there have
been times since it was used as a public water supply when it has
drawn below level 3, Boston base, throughout the entire year.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 109

Fortunately, also, the flood waters from heavy rains along
the streams in Wobum, Stoneham and Winchester above Mystic
Lake will be delayed by the greater distance and by passage
through the chain of upper ponds until after the downpour on
the Fresh Pond Marshes and that which runs into Wellington
Brook and the Lower Mystic River under ordinary conditions
will have passed out through the tide gates.

All the proposed channels would be filled with fresh water
instead of water varying from fresh to brackish and salt as
now. The extended investigations made two years ago for the
Charles Biver Basin, and the study then made of th^ Fens
Basin in Boston, reversed many preconceived notions, and
proved conclusively that fresh water can receive more polluting
material than salt without the production of offensive sights or
smells. This is probably due to the more thorough circulation
and aeration of water of uniform specific gravity, and to the
more abundant microscopic life in fresh water, through which
the polluting material is devoured, much as the vegetables in
a garden, through the agency of the microscopic life in the
soil, absorb and render harmless the fertilizers applied.

A channel of much larger size and much more direct than
the present winding brook is a necessity for the proper drain-
age and sanitation of the marshes, in order that during heavy
rainstorms the fiood water stored during the five or six hours
during which tide water may be above grade 7.0 can be carried
forward rapidly and discharged during the few hours while the
outside tide in the harbor is lower than grade 5 or 6. The
time for the transmission of the tidal wave from the tide gates
back to the head of the basin, a distance of nearly five miles,
along the natural drainage channel from the head of the
marshes to Gradock Bridge, increases the size required, and
the fact that the great area of the marshes will be more than
1.0 below mean high tide in the harbor compels a small slope
and large channels. Account must be taken of the impeding
of its delivery due to a thick covering of ice. The generous
surface width of the proposed channel will present a consider-
able storage capacity for each foot of increase in height in
addition to the storage area provided by Little Pond and Spy
Pond. The cleanliness and care of the banks of this drainage
channel ought to be protected by public ownership of a strip
of land on both its sides as the easiest and most effective way
of observing and checking any pollution or obstruction from
private drains or factory wastes.

110 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

It is plain that this protecting strip might be nsed also as
a space for the natural growth of shrubbery and trees, or, if
somewhat wider, for a roadway, somewhat as was provided by
the city of Newton in its improrement of Cheesecake Brook.
This protection of the margins of the brook need be no bar to
the full enjoyment of the water privileges by factories for boiler
supplies and steam condensation. Under proper restriction the
neighboring lowlands would become no less available as factory
sites or for gardens than now, but, on the contrary, would be
more valuable because of the great benefit in drainage and more
healthful surroundings, and in a supply of clean fresh water at
nearly constant level.

I am led to recommend provisionally that the channel which
starts at Spy Pond should be 40 feet wide at grade 7.0, with
the bottom not higher than grade 3.0, Boston base, and with a
width on the bottom of at least 16 feet, and that the Alewife
Brook channel should be of a width averaging at least 50 feet
at the surface of the water, and at its outlet into Mystic River
of a width of 55 feet at grade 7.0, with the bottom at grade
2.5, and a bottom width of 28 feet, and that the side slopes be
not steeper than 1 on 3, with which slope there is a marked
advantage in providing a rapid increase in area for discharge
as water rises in freshets, and in a lower cost of maintenance
of the slope. A fiat slope of the banks also makes the channel
better adapted to pleasure boating.

Below Mystic Lake for a short distance the proposed channel
is to be excavated 60 feet wide at grade 7.0, with the bottom at
grade 3.0 and a bottom width of 36 feet, and the depth is to
increase slightly, proceeding downward from the lake to grade
2.5 opposite the outlet of Alewife Brook.

For much of the distance this portion of Mystic River is
already as wide as necessary. Proceeding downstream, from
Alewife Brook outlet to Cradock Bridge a part of the channel
is already as wide and deep as necessary. Two or three large
bends should be cut off and the channel be generally widened
to 100 feet at grade 7.0, the bottom excavated to grade 2.5 at
the outlet of Alewife Brook and the depth increased gradually
to grade 1 at Cradock Bridge, with side slopes generally of
1 on 3.

The outline design for the tide-gate structure at Cradock
Bridge, which I present herewith, has been worked out with
much care to provide larger water ways through it for the
greatest freshets than are found in the permanent structure of

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. Ill

Cradock Bridge. They are believed to be ample. The gates
and sluiceB do not obetruct the view of the basin from the
bridge. They provide lor the minimum fluctuation in water
level and are designed to work automatically without attend-
ance, save that required occasionally to raise one or more gates
in time of greatest freshets, and this even need not be done
until some hours after the heaviest rainstorm has given ample
warning. The depth of the sheet of water flowing over the
weirs with the ordinary summer flow of .50 cubic feet per
second per square mile, or 23 cubic feet per second in all, would
be a little less than 1 inch and a rise during the six hours of
full tide, while the outflow would be a little less than 2 inches.
A lock is provided through which such ordinary boating as can
now pass through Cradock Bridge can pass through the lower
river to the portion above the tide gates.

The total excavation involved in these channels of the size
described above is approximately as follows: —

From 8py Pond to Little Pond, .
LitUe Pond to MassachoBetts Avenne,
MflMaohiuettB Avenue to Alewife outlet,

Mystic Lake to Alewife outlet, .
Alewife outlet to Cradock Bridge,

Cable Tardi.
8,000
60,000
52,000

90,000
100,000

120,000

130,000

Total, 250,000

It will be noted that less than one-half of all this channel
excavation is required upstream from the outlet of Alewife
Brook. This is all of the cheapest kind of excavation, easily
handled by modem machine methods, — by dredge or pump.
The ground is favorable for the cheapest kind of excavation.
The material dredged out from this channel may be in part
used for filling the present stagnant pools in the marshes, but
most of it could be best used as the foundation for a road
bordering the slightly curving channel. The cost of excavating
the large channel recommended up through the marshes all the
way from Alewife Brook to Spy Pond at 30 cents per cubic yard
for 120,000 cubic yards, at which price it could probably be done,
would be only $36,000. This low cost is another reason for being
generous in estimating the size of the channels, and I would rec-
ommend that if sizes of channels are changed from dimensions
above given they be widened or deepened 10 or 20 per cent., rather
than diminished in size. About two-fifths of the entire 250,000
cubic yards of excavation is in Mystic Eiver, between Alewife

112 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

Brook outlet and Cradock Bridge, and is in a large measure
required by straightening the channel. This material could be
used for subgrading the roads which are contemplated by your
Board, and for filling up and grading off the adjacent marsh,
or, if not required by your plans for development, a large part
of this excavation could be deferred for some years.

The more expensive of the existing bridges over Alewife
Brook and Mystic River are found large enough, so that, with
small expense for protecting their foundations and tapering the
approach and delivery of the channel to and from them, they
would not seriously obstruct the flow; they would not need to
be rebuilt or radically changed for many years.

Possible Modification op Park Plans to aid in

Deainaqb Plans.

The broad scheme that I have proposed is not chiefly for uny
special beneflt to park development now being made by your
Board along Mystic River between Mystic Lake and Cradock
Bridge. That portion presents no specially unsanitary condi-
tions, and my scheme would help your work on Mystic River
only to the extent of preserving a permanent water level which
would at all times do away with the present unsightliness of
the banks at low tide, and of economizing your funds by en-
abling your Board to build roads and do the incidental grading
at a lower grade than would be required without tide gates at
Cradock Bridge ; and of enabling you to feel confldent that if
you begin your work you will not interfere with the sanitation
of the Alewife Brook meadows by the parties authorized under
the Act above referred to. The scope given to my report is
designed rather to present to you the fact that there is at the
present time an opportunity by co-operation between your
Board and other interested bodies for the sanitary betterment
of the very unsanitary conditions, yearly growing worse, of the
portions of Arlington, Belmont, Cambridge and Somerville
lying in and near Alewife Brook, and to lay before you the
economical and far-reaching plan which I have found feasible
for that purpose ; and further to advise you of the way in which
your Board can make your expenditures help in the sanitation
of that region, which it is evident must soon be undertaken by
some agency. I therefore recommend that your work upon
Mystic River be made to conform as far as possible to the plan
which I submit as the surest way to assist in aiding in the
accomplishment of these results.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 48. 113

I may also call attention to the possibility of still further
improvement in the plan which I submit by availing yourself
of the opportunity for a park or parkway along Alewife Brook,
and of perhaps including in such scheme that brook and the
other brooks and ponds and land suggested to be taken for the
sanitation of that region. The channels and ponds above
Mystic Eiver if filled with fresh water at the level suggested
would not be unhealthful, malodorous or unsightly. They
would provide an ample passageway for canoes and other
pleasure boats in summer and for skaters in winter from Spy
Pond or near Fresh Pond to the Mystic Eiver and Mystic Lake,
and so be convenient to Arlington, Belmont, Cambridge, Med-
ford, Somerville and Winchester. The margins of the chan-
nels, especially if a somewhat wider strip of what is now very
worthless land were acquired, could be planted close down to
the water edge with shrubbery, fresh-water plants and grass,
and with trees grouped naturally a little farther back. This
would result at moderate cost in a beautiful park like the Back
Bay Fens. A study of the map of the Metropolitan District
will show that the general course of Alewife Brook is a little
east of north, and is in a position well suited to form a direct
line of approach from Cambridge, where you have already a
parkway from Charles Eiver to Fresh Pond, for a parkway to
Mystic Valley Parkway and Middlesex Fells, connecting at
Mystic Eiver with a road which will in the future lead to
Eevere Beach. My investigations show that the interests of
the community will be most cheaply and most promptly served
if sanitary improvements and Mystic Eiver improvements are
carried on together. Each may serve the other and divide the
expense. Cambridge and the other cities and towns may be
made more free from malaria and may gain in the increased
value of lands which cannot now be improved except at a pro-
hibitive cost. If the land needed for this sanitary improve-
ment could also be used for a parkway, it would add still
further to the general welfare.

As a result of all these studies I am led to make the f oUow-
ing recommendations: —

1. Drain the marshes and construct large tide gates and
freshet sluices at Cradock Bridge, such that the water level
will ordinarily stand at 7.2 to 7.6, the drainage to be done by
means of enlarged open channels as described. Fill small stag-
nant pools, and execute such ditching and filling of low areas
as will prevent breeding places for mosquitoes.

114 METROPOLITAN PARKS. [Jan.

2. Utilize Spy Pond and Lower Mystic Lake as reservoirs to
assist in holding the clean upland storm water during the hours
while the harbor tide is above this basin level, and also for
holding back the height of extreme freshets. Divert Welling-
ton Brook above Wellington Street into Little Pond, and pro-
vide a controlling sluice and weir adapted to passage of small
boats at the outlet of Little Pond (and possibly another at
Lower Mystic Lake), so that the cleaner upland water, that
which now enters Spy Pond, may be used to flush out from
Alewife Brook the storm overflow of sewage.

3. Cleanse Alewife Brook by excluding present foul tannery
refuse; also by diverting other pollution into the sewers.
Extend certain of the storm overflows from Cambridge sewers
to a point near Massachusetts Avenue, where there is more
current than at the present location of the outfalls. Fill or
partially fill and drain into the brooks the clay pits which are
no longer in operation, and the pockets between graded streets
near the clay pits in which the water now stands and forms
breeding places for mosquitoes.

4. Prescribe heights limiting the future development of these
marshes, so that cellar bottoms shall not be built lower than
grade 13, nor street surfaces (other than' park roads) built lower
than grade 16, and that low pockets, or depressions in the
ground formed between streets or other embankments, shall
have proper drainage channels and valves leading to the main
channel. In brief, take all reasonable means to maintain good
surface drainage and exterminate mosquitoes.

5. Combine the drainage channel with a parkway develop-
ment, as suggested in the foregoing pages.

In brief, I find that the present sanitary condition of Fresh
Pond Marshes and Alewife Brook is a serious menace to public
health and a very pressing cause of excessive malaria, and that
malaria is spreading from them to the upland residential sec-
tions of the neighboring cities and towns. I find that the first
and most effective remedy, and the clear duty of the community
concerned, for this serious sanitary condition is to drain marshes
and brooks, and that the most effective and economical way to
accomplish this result is by a plan which I have prepared and
submitted herewith. This plan divides the necessary work so
that, in my opinion, your Board may with safety and consider-
ation for all interests at once build tide gates and weirs in the
neighborhood of Cradock Bridge, and roads along the Mystic
Eiver, and improve the connection with Mystic LoWer Lake;

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PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT

Civil Service Commissioners

MASSACHUSETTS.

From Oct. 1, 1903, to Sept. 30, 1904, Inclusive.

BOSTON:

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Office Square.

1905.

Approtbd bt
Thb Statb Board of Publication.

CONTENTS.

Names of Board, Officers and Examiners,

Report, ....
Appointments,
Examinations,
Labor Service,
Suggestions of Legislation,

Appendix,

Civil Service Law,

Examination Papers,

Forms for appointing Officers,

Instructions to Applicants, .

Regulations, ....

Report of Chief Examiner and Secretary,

Report of Registrar of Labor, Boston, .

Report of Registration Clerk, Cambridge,

Report of Registration Clerk, Everett, .

Report of Registration Clerk, New Bedford,

Report of Registration Clerk, Worcester,

Rules,

Schedule of Examinations, .
Special Instructions to Examiners,

PAOB

6-8

9-11
10

9,11
10
11

64-71

121-172

173

108

96-104

16-86

37-41

46-48

49-61

42-44

72-96

110-120

106-107

CIVIL SERYICE COMMISSIONERS.

CHARLES H. PORTER, Chairman, Quinct.
BENTLEY W. WARREN, Williamstown.
FRANK FOXCROFT, Cambridge.

Chief Examiner,
HENRY SHERWIN, Jamaica Plain.

Secretary.

WARREN P. DUDLEY, Belmont.

Office of Civil Service Commissioners, Booms 15 Ij 152, Stale House,

Boston,

Begistrar of Labor, — Labor Office, Siaie House, Boston,

Wn.LIAM L. HICKS.

Begistration Clerk, — Labor Office, City Hall, Cambridge.

HARRY L. LINCOLN.

Begistration Clerk, — Labor Office, New Bedford.
GEORGE P. BROCK.

Begistration Clerk, — Labor Office, City Hall, Newton,

CHENEY L. HATCH.

Begistration CUrk,^ Labor Office, City Hall, Everett.
JOSEPH H. GLEASON.

Begistration Clerk, — Ltibor Office, City HaU, Worcester.

WILLIAM B. CONNOR.

()

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE. [Jan.

EXAMIXERS.

For the CommonweaWi

William D. Hawley.
Frederick L Coburn.
Charles E. Davis, Jr.
Charles R Brown.
Anne M. Bobbins.
Carrie B. Cole.
James W. Kicker.
Elizabeth C. Putnam.
Benjabon Pettee.
ZiLPHA D. Smith
James Tucker.
Samuel A. Green.
John H McCollom.
Russell D. Elliott.
Henry M Nourse.
Joseph D. Fallon.
William F. Davis.

and Boston Services.

Henry Mani^y.
John F. Dever.
George H. Grueby.
J. Henry Adams.
Alexander Burk.
Charles G. Davis.
D wight Porter.
S. Everett Tinkham.
William T. Sedgwick.
Frank A. McInnes.
David Craig.
Arthur P. Russell.
Eugene A. Pope.
Joseph A. Moore.
John Crawford.
John F. Buerkell
George W. Perkins.

Augustus U. Brown, M.D , Physical Examiner.

Andrew J. Savage, Examiner in t/ie Use and Handling of Steam.

Charles A. Legg, Examiner in Electrical Engineering.

For tJie City of Beverly.

William A. Lee. Secretary.
Dudley N. Griffin.
('riARLES F. Lee.

For t/ie City of Brockton.

DeWitt C Packard, Secretary.
Augustus T. Jones.
Warren Goddard.

For the Toinn of Broohline.

Zephaniah R. Forbes, Secretary.
William H. White.
Ben.tamin S Blanch a ki).

For the City of Cambridge.

Charles H. Morse, Secret/iry.
Archibald M. Howe.
William T. Piper.

For the City of Chelsea.
D. Frank Kimball, Secretary.

For the City of Chicopee,

CoRNELii'S J. Driscoll, Scc'y.
Fkederick L. Hinkley.
Alfred L. Pomeroy.

For the City of Everett.

Daniel B. Fessenden.
Thomas F. Garvey.

For the City of Fall River.

Edward F. Murphy, Secretary.
William B Lovell.
Charles J. Holmes.

For fM City of Fitchburg.

Walter A. Davis, Secretary.
John J. Sheehan.
Frederick Fosdick.
John E. Dwyer.

For the City of Gloucester.
Charles H. Morrow, Secretary.
William A Homans, Jr.
Frederick A. Pearce.

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 53.

Examiners

For the CUy of Haverhill.

Edward B. Savage, Secretary.
Lorenzo Frost.
Phiup C. Swett.

Far the City of Holyoke.

AsHTON E. Hemphill, Secretary,
Wilbert T. Dean.
Addison L. Green.
Isaac E. Sawyer.
Edward B. Sellew.

For the Town of Hyde Park.

Charles F. Spear.
John W. Grifkin.
J. Roland Corthell.

For the City of Lawrence.

William T. Kimball, Secretary.
John J. Donovan.
Fred H. Eaton.

For the CUy of Lowell.

Charles H. Conant, Secretary.
John J. Colton.
Joseph Smith.

For the CUy of Lynn.

Walter E. Stmonds, Secretary.
RcFUS Kimball.
George Briokett.

For the CUy of Maiden.

James O. Otis, Secretary.
Frank A. Bayard.

For the CUy of Marlborough.

(iBORGE L. Stevens, Secretary.
John L. Stone.

For the CUy of Medford.

Aixston p. Joyce, Secretary.
Ernest B Moore.
James Mott Hallowell.

For the CUy of Melrose.

Walter DeHaven Jones, Sec^y*
William A. Dole.
George H. Dearborn.

- Continued.

For the Tount of Miliofi.

John F. Brown.
Emory L. Mead
Sinclair Kennedy.

For the CUy of New Bedford.

George P. Brock, Secretary.
Albert B. Drake.

For the CUy of Newburyport.

Oliver B. Merrill, Secretary.
Henry B. Little.
John F. Young.

For the CUy of Newton.

John C. Brimblecom, Secretary.
DwiGHT Chester.
Francis Geo. Curtis.

For the CUy of North Adanis.

George French, Secretary.
Arthur W. Chippendale.
Oscar A. Archer.

For the CUy of Northampton.

John W. Mason, Secretary.
Melvin L. Graves.

For the CUy of PUtafield.

Louis B. Cummings, Secretary.
Morris Schaff.
Joseph Tucker.
Stephen C. Burton.

For the CUy of Quincy.

Christopher A. Spear, Se&y.
Harry L. Rice.
Luther S. Anderson.

For the Town of Bevere.

Albert S. Burnham, Secretary.
Albert Fitzemeyer.

MASSACHUSETTS (IVIL SEEVICE. [Jan

Examiners
For the City of Saleni.
Edward F. Brown, Seerelari/.
Joseph P. Fessenden.
Arthur W. West.

For the City of SomervilU.
Frederick W. Cook, Secretary.
Edward C. Booth.
Charles M. Hemenway.

For the City of Springfield.

Charles H. Churchill, Sec'y.
Albert T. Folsom.
Frederick H. Stebbins.

For the City of TautUon»
Martin J. Lincoln, Secretary,
Abner Coleman.
John E. Browne.

- Concluded,

For t/ie City of Waltharn.
LuMAN N. Hall, Secretary.
Cornelius McCormick.
Melvin M. Johnson.

For the CUy of Woburn.
Albert F. Barrett, Secretary.
Herbert B. Dow.
Francis A. Partridoe.

For tM City of Worcester.
Frank B. Hall, Secretary.
James Early.
John P. Munrok.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 53. 9

Comm0nfotaItb of S^assac^usttts*

To the Honordble the Senate and House of Repreaentatives in General

Court assembled.

In compliance with the provisions of section 5 of chapter
19 of the Revised Laws, the Civil Service Commissioners
have the honor to submit their twenty-first annual report.
The year covered by the report extends from Oct. 1, 1903,
to Sept. 30, 1904, inclusive.

At the expiration of his term of office in July, Commis-
sioner Marvin declined a reappointment, and Mr. Frank
Foxcroft of Cambridge was appointed to fill the vacancy.
He qualified and entered upon his duties as a civil service
commissioner July 27, 1904.

During the year covered by the report there were held
17() general competitive, 2 special competitive and 72 non-
competitive examinations.

Of the 72 non-competitive examinations 58 were for
transfer and promotion, as provided by the rules; 13 were
of applicants for positions as inspectors of plumbing, under
chapter 103, section 5, of the Revised Laws, where, under
an opinion of the Attorney General, non-competitive ex-
aminations nmst be held if requested by the appointing
power. The one remaining non-competitive examination
was a case where there was no suitable person upon the
eligible lists.

There were 3,094 persons examined for positions in the
different grades of the classified service of the State and the
several cities and towns, of whom 2,354 were men, including
23 veterans, and 740 were women. Of those examined,
2,091 passed, obtaining ()5 per cent, or over. Of the per-

10 MASSACHUSErrS CIVIL SERVICE. [Jan.

sons examined, 2,814 had received a common school educa-
tion only, and 280 had attended college.

During the year 567 men and 119 women were regularly
appointed to positions in the public service. Of the per-
sons appointed, 3 were vetei-ans who had passed the examina-
tion and 11 were of veterans appointed without examination,
in accordance with section 22 of chapter 19 of the Revised
Laws.

The'j average age of those examined for positions in the
service is the same as last year, about thirty-nine years.

The Labor Service.

Boston.

In Boston 2,675 persons applied and were registered for
employment as laborers or mechanics in the several city
departments, of whom 80 were veterans. There were 217
requisitions received and 907 certifications made, including
the names of 45 veterans. Of those certified, 385, including
12 veterans, were regularly employed.

Worcester.

In Worcester 1,642 applicants for labor service, including
21 veteiuns, were registered. There were 54 requisitions
received, upon which 1,589 ceitifications were made, in-
cluding 17 veterans. From these certifications 1,386 men
were employed, including 10 veterans.

CamlyiHdge.

In Cambridge 892 persons were registered, including 19
veterans. Forty-eight requisitions were received, upon
which 722 certifications were made, including 19 vetemns.
From these certifications 309 persons were employed, in-
cluding 13 veterans.

New Bedford.

In New Bedford 372 persons were registered, including 4
veteitins. Sixty-nine requisitions were received and 360
certifications made, including the names of four veterans.
From these certifications 144 men were employed, including
4 vi'tci*ans.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 53. 11

Newton.

In Newton 66 persons were registered. Only one requisi-
tion was received, upon which 30 persons were certified and

16 men employed.

Everett,

In Everett 154 men were registered, including 5 veterans.
There were 7 requisitions received and 100 certifications
made, including 2 veterans. From these certifications 6
men were employed. A requisition received for 40 men,
upon which 80 persons were certified, was cancelled.

The reports of the secretary, chief examiner, registrar of

labor and registration clerks will be found in the appendix,

and contain in detail the figures upon which this report is

based.

Examinations.

In the framing of examinations on special or technical

subjects the conunissioners have obtained the advice and

assistance of experts, and the examinations have been held

and the papers marked in a fah* and impartial manner.

During the twenty years in which the civil service law and

rules have been in opemtion the cases have been extremely

rare where applicants have complained of the marking of

their papers. The examination papers of an applicant are

open to his inspection, and the utmost publicity has always

been given to the methods adopted by the commissioners.

Appointing oflScers have in most cases co-operated with the

commissioners in the administration of the rules relating to

appointments.

Legislation suggested.

The commissioners renew their recommendation of last
year, that the civil service law be amended so that the appli-
cation of the rules may be extended to counties.

CHARLES H. PORTER,
BENTLEY W. WARREN,
FRANK FOXCROFT,

Civil Service Commissuyfiers,
Dbc. 16, 1904.

APPENDIX

APPENDIX.

EXAMINATIONS AND APPOINTxMENTS.

From Oct. 1, 1903, to Sept. 30, 1904, inclusive, there
were held for the State and Boston services 87 examina-
tions, as follows : —

Competitive Examinations.

For State clerical service, ....

For Boston clerical service, ....

For State stenographer-typewriter service,

For Boston stenographer-typewriter service,

For State prison service.

For Boston prison service, .

For metropolitan park police service, .

For district police service, .

For Boston fire service,

For Boston police service, .

For Boston druwtender service, .

For State forenaan and inspection service,

For Boston foreman and inspection service,

For Boston sab-foreman service, .

For Boston school janitor service,

For State civil engineering service,

For Boston civil engineering service, .

NoN- competitive Examinations

For State clerical promotion,

For Boston clerical service, ....

For Boston clerical promotion, .

For Boston stenographer-typewriter service,

For metropolitan park police promotion, .

For Boston fire promotion, ....

For Boston police promotion.

For State foreman and inspection promotion,

8
4
5

1
1
1
1
4
4
2
2
2
2
1
6
6

I
1
1
1
11
18
3

There have been held 163 examinations for original ap-
pointments and promotions in the clerical, stenogmpher-
typevvriter, police, drawtender, foreman and inspection,

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

sub-foreman, fire, school janitor, civil engineering and
superintendent services of cities other than Boston, and for
plumbing inspection service in cities and towns, under
chapter 103 of the Revised Laws, as follows : —

Brockton : —

Clerical service, .
Police service, .
Police promotion,

Nnmber of
Examinations.

Chelsea : —

Police service,

1
1

Brookline : —

Clerical service, 1

Stenographer-typewriter, .

Police service, ....

Fire service, ....

■

•

Civil engineering promotion,

Cambridge : —

Clerical service, 1

Drawtender service, .

. 2

Police service, ....

Police promotion, ....

Foreman and inspection service.

Sub-foreman service, ....

Fire service, ....

1 .

Fire promotion, ....

School janitor service,

Civil engineering service, .

Number
Examined.

Chicopee : —

Clerical service, ....

. 1

Everett : —

Clerical service, ....

Police service,

Foreman and inspection service,

Superintendent service,

Civil engineering service, .

. 1

Fall River :

Clerical service, ....

Police service

Superintendent service.

Civil engineering service, .

126

APPENDIX.

Fitchbarg : —

Clerical service,

Police service, ....

Police promotion,

Foreman and inspection service,

Gloucester : —

Clerical service,

Police service, ....

Foreman and inspection service,

Haverhill : —

Police service, ....
Police promotion,
Foreman and inspection service,
Civil engineering service, .

Holyoke : —

Clerical service,
Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Superintendent service,

Hyde Park : —

Plumbing inspection service, .

Lawrence : —

Clerical service, ....
Police service, ....
Police promotion.
Foreman and inspection service,

Lowell : —

Clerical service.
Clerical promotion, .
Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Sub-foreman service,*
School janitor service.
Superintendent service,

Lynn : —

Clerical service,
Police service, ....
Police promotion, . . , .
Foreman and inspection service,

Maiden : —

Clerical service,

Number of
Ezaminationi.

1
1

2
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

Number
Examined.

58
1

29
5
2

4
6
1
1

116

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Marlborough : —

Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Sub-foreman service,

Mcdford : —

Clerical service,

Police service, ....

Namber of
Examinations.

Melrose : —

Clerical service,
Police service,

Milton : —

Police service.
Fire service,

New Bedford : —
Clerical service,
Clerical promotion,
Inspection service,
Police service, ,
Fire service.
Civil engineering service,

Newburyport : —
Police service, .

Newton : —

Clerical service,

Police service, .

Police promotion.

Civil engineering service, .

North Adams : —
Clerical service,

Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,

Northampton : —

Police service, ....

Pittsfield : —

Clerical service.
Plumbing inspection service,
Police service, . . . .
Foreman and inspection service,
Superintendent service.
Civil eno:ineering service, .

2
2
1
1
1
1

1
2
1
1
1
1

Nambcr
Examined

2
I
3

5
5

1
5

6
5

29
2

APPENDIX.

Plymouth : —

Plumbing inspection service, .

Quincy : —

Clerical service,
Inspection service, .
Police service, ....
Fire service, ....
School janitor service,

Revere : —

Police service, ....

Salem : —

Police service, ....

Somerville : —

Clerical service, . .
Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Fire service, ....

Nombtfof

EZMUlllAtiOOf.

Number
EzamtD«d.

Southbridge : —

Plumbing inspection service,

Springfield : —

Clerical service,
Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Civil engineering service,

Swampscott : —

« Plumbing inspection service, .

Taunton : —

Clerical service.

Police service, ....

Police promotion,

Foreman and inspection service,

Waltham : —

Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,

Wo burn : —

Clerical service.

Police service, ....

Superintendent service.

2
2
16
5
1

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Worcester : —

Clerical service,

Police service, ....
Foreman and inspection service,
Civil engineering service, .

Niunber of
Examtaatlons.

1
1

2
8

Number
Eximlned,

22
40
58

— 118

1,026

The whole number of persons examined for original ap-
pointments and promotions in the first division is as fol-
lows : —

For clerical service,

For clerical promotion,

For plumbing inspection service in cities

For stenographer-typewriter service.

For prison service, ....

For metropolitan park police service.

For metropolitan park police promotion,

For district police service.

For fire service.

For fire promotion, .

For police service, .

For police promotion.

For drawtender service.

For foreman and inspection service

For sub-foreman service, .

For school janitor service,

For superintendent service.

For civil engineering service, .

For civil engineering promotion,

and

towns,

981

195

296
18

686
88
58

227
81
88
44

802
1

8,094

The whole number passed is as follows : —

For clerical service, 647, or 65.95 per cent, of those examined.

For clerical promotion, 8, or 50 per cent, of those examined.

For plumbing inspection service in cities and towns, 4, or 80.77 per cent,
of those examined.

For stenographer-typewriter service, 97, or 49.74 per cent, of those ex-
amined.

For prison service, 55, or 84.62 per cent, of those examined.

For metropolitan park police service, 29, or 51.79 per cent, of those ex-
amined.

For metropolitan park police promotion, 1, or 100 per cent, of those ex-
amined.

For district police service, 80, or 56.61 per cent, of those examined.

For fire service, 202, or 68.25 per cent, of those examined.

For fire promotion, 11, or 84.62 per cent, of those examined.

For police service, 448, or 69.65 per cent, of those examined.

APPENDIX. 21

For police promotion, S3, or 100 per cent, of those examined.
For drawtender service, 48, or 82.76 per cent, of those examined.
For foreman and inspection service, 168, or 71.80 per cent, of those ex-
amined.
For sub-foreman service, 21, or 67.76 per cent, of those examined.
For school janitor service, 49, or 59.03 per cent, of those examined.
For superintendent service, 30, or 68.19 per cent, of those examined.
For civil engineering service, 224, or 74.17 per cent, of those examined.
For civil engineering promotion, 1, or 100 per cent, of those examined.

The whole number of persons appointed from the eligible
lists is as follows : —

In the clerical service, 127

By promotion in the clerical service, 6

In the plumbing inspection service in cities and towns, 4

In the stenographer-typewriter service, 28

In the prison service, 17

In the metropolitan park police service, . . . • . .13

By promotion in the metropolitan park police service, . . 1

In the district police service, 5

In the fire service, 59

By promotion in the fire service, 17

In the police service, 170

By promotion in the police service, 46

In the drawtender service, 15

By promotion in the drawtender service, .... 1

In the foreman and inspection service, 50

By proniotion in the foreman and inspection service, . . 8

In the sub-foreman service, 7

In the school janitor service, 16

In the superintendent service, 10

By promotion in the superintendent service, .... 1

In the civil engineering service, 57

By promotion in the civil engineering service, ... 28

686

The average age of all the persons examined is about
thirty-nine years.

Of the 2,091 persons who passed the examinations, 232
were college educated.

The whole number of veterans who passed examinations
for original appointment is 10 ; the whole number of origi-
nal appointments of examined ve.tei-ans is 2.

The whole number of unexamined veterans appointed is 11.

Following are the figures on which this statement is
based : —

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36 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

NON-OOMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS.

Only one non-competitive examination for an original
appointment was held. In this case there were no persons
upon the eligible list possessing the special qualifications
required.

There were 58 examinations of applicants for transfer and
promotion, where the rules provide for non-competitive
examination. There were also 13 persons examined for the
position of plumbing inspector, in accordance with the law
establishing this position.

At the request of the Adjutant-General 5 persons were
examined for the position of State armorer in the city of
New Bedford, in accordance with Civil Service Rule XLI.

Respectfully submitted,

WARREN P. DUDLEY,

Secretary.

HENRY SIIERWIN,

Chief Examiner.

LABOE SERVICE IN BOSTON.

LABOR SERVICE IN BOSTON.

During the year ending Sept. 30, 1904, 217 requisitions
for laborers and mechanics were received from the several
departments of the city of Boston. Of these requisitions,
66 were subsequently cancelled, upon which had been certi-
fied 139 names, 25 being those of veterans, 114 being those
of others who were not veterans.

Whole number of applications received,

2,676

Number of names restored from previous years,
Applicants registered during the year, .
Whole number of persons registered.

2,006
670

2,676

Number registered with credit as veterans, .
Number registered without credit as veterans.

80
2,696

2,676

Percentage registered having credit as veterans, . . . .2.99
Percentage registered without credit as veterans, . . .97.01

Number of requisitions received, 217

Number of persons certified once, .
Number of persons certified twice, .
Number of persons certified three times,
Number of persons certified four times.
Number of persons certified ^ve times.
Number of persons certified nine times,

Whole number of persons certified.
Whole number of certifications,

613 =

613

112 =

224

16 =

2 =

1 =

745

907

Of the whole number of certifications there were of

veterans, 45, or 4.96 per cent.

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
others, not veterans, 862, or 96.04 per cent.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Number of persons employed (veterans),
Number of persons employed (not veterans),

12
878

885

Percentage employed of veterans registered, .
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) registered,
Percentage employed of whole number registered.
Percentage employed of veterans certified, .
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) certified.
Percentage employed of whole number certified, .

16.00
14.87
14.89
26.66
48.27
42.44

LABOR SERVICE IN BOSTON.

Total
discharged.

For
Promotion.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1

NoCaose
assigned.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -^ 1 1

*o \ 1 1 1 1 1 it^ij:-^ip

•

Transferred
toother
Depart-
ments.

Ml l»H| 1 |*H| IOON«-«l

Failed to

report and

declined.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

r-ll 1 1 1 1 1 l^l«-430IOJ

Incom-
petent and

Uneat-
Isflietory.

IfHMI IfH^I 1 |0)«H| 1

•Bad
Habits.

1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 »«

Resigned

and
Withdrew.

1 l«H|f-i|O)|<OlG^fHl00

Lack of
Work.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 »« 1 1 1 oo

»o

•
«
•
•

Bath, . . . .

Fire,

Health, . . . .

Hospital,

Insane hospital.

Institutions, children's, .

Institutions, pauper,

Lamp,

Park, . . . .

Police, . . . .

Public grounds.

Street, . . . .

Street commissioners, .

Water, .

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

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LABOB SERVICE IN BOSTON. 41

The several registration clerks in the cities outside of
Boston, where the oiyil service labor rules apply, have filed
reports of the work in their respective cities, which are
hereto annexed.

Respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM L. HIOKS,

Begistrar of Labor.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

LABOR SERVICE IN WORCESTER, MASS.

To William L. Hicks, Registrar oj Lahor^ Civil Service Commission^

State House, Boston, Mass,

Sir : — I herewith submit a full and complete report of
the business of my office for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Whole Dumber of applications received,

Number of names restored from previous years.
Applicants registered during the year, .
Whole number of persons registered,

Number registered with credit as veterans, .
Number registered without credit as veterans.

Percentage registered having credit as veterans, .
Percentage registered without credit as veterans, .

Number of requisitions received.

Number of persons certified once,
Number of persons certified twice, .
Number of persons certified three times,
Number of persons certified four times, .

Whole number of persons certified.
Whole number of certifications.

1,642

. 71S
. 929

1,642

21
1,621

1,642

. 1.28
. 98.72

1,589

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
veterans, 17, or 1.0699 per cent.

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
others, not veterans, .... 1,572, or 98.9301 per cent.

Number of persons employed (veterans),
Number of persons employed (not veterans),

Percentage employed of veterans registered, .
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) registered.
Percentage employed of whole number registered.
Percentage employed of veterans certified,
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) certified.
Percentage employed of whole number certified, .

. 10
1,376

1,386

. 47.62
. 84.89
. 84.41
. 58.82
. 87.58
. 87.22

LABOR SERVICE IN WORCESTER.

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LABOR SERVICE IN CAMBRIDGE. 45

LABOR SERVICE IN CAMBRIDGE.

To William L. Hicks, Registrar of Labor ^ Civil Service Commission ^

State House, Boston, Mass,

Sir : — I herewith submit a full and complete report of
the business of my office for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Whole number of applications received, . ... . . 892

Number of names restored from previous years, . . 438

Applicants registered during the year, 459

Whole number of persons registered, .... 892

Number registered with credit as veterans, .... 19
Number registered without credit as veterans, . . . 873

892

Percentage registered having credit as veterans, . .2.13

Percentage registered without credit as veterans, . . .97.87

Number of requisitions received, 48

Number of persons certified once, 421 = 421

Number of persons certified twice, 73 = 146

Number of persons certified three times, . . . . 28 = 84

Number of persons certified four times, 9 = 36

Number of persons certified five times, 7 = 36

Whole number of persons certified, . ' . . . . 538
Whole number of certifications, 722

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
veterans, 19, or 2.63 per cent.

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
others, not veterans, 703, or 97.37 per cent.

Number of persons employed (veterans), . . .• .18
Number of persons employed (not veterans), . • 296

809

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SEEVICE,

Percentage employed of veterans registered, .
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) registered,
Percentage employed of wliole number registered,
Percentage employed of veterans certified, .
Percentage employed of others (not veterans) certified,
Percentage employed of whole number certified, .

68.42
33.90
34.64
68.48
42.10
42.80

LABOR SERVICE IN CAMBRIDGE.

Total
cbargi

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LABOR SERVICE IN NEW BEDFORD. 49

LABOR SERVICE IN NEW BEDFORD.

To William L. Hicks, Begislrar of Labor, Civil Service Commission,

State Eouse, Boston^ Mass,

Sir : — I herewith submit a full and complete report of
the business of my oflSce for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Whole number of applications received,

Number of names restored from previous years,
Applicants registered during the year, .
Whole number of persons registered.

Number registered with credit as veterans, .
Number registered without credit as veterans,

872

. 59
. 313

4
368

372

Percentage registered having credit as veterans, .
Percentage registered without credit as veterans, .

Number of requisitions received.

Number of persons certified once, .
Number of persons certified twice, .
Number of persons certified three times.
Number of persons certified four times, .

Whole number of persons certified.
Whole number of certifications.

872

. 1.08
. 98.92

222 = 222

39= 78

16= 48

3= 12

280

360

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
veterans, 4, or 1.11 per cent.

Of the whole number of certifications there were of
others, not veterans, 866, or 98.89 per cent.

Number of persons employed (veterans).
Number of persons employed (not veterans).

4
140

144

100.00
38.04
38.71

100.00
89.33
40.00

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

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LABOR SERVICE IN NEW BEDFORD. 51

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52 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SEEVICE.

LABOR SERVICE IN NEWTON.

To WiLUAH L. HiCKB, Registrar of Labor, Civil Service Commission,

State House, Boston, Mass,

Sir : — I herewith submit a full and complete report of
the business of my office for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

The whole number of applications received during the
year was 66, including the names of 20 persons restored
from previous years.

No veterans have applied for registration during the cur-
rent year.

There has been but one requisition received, and that
from the street department, calling for 1 6 names, and upon
it 30 names were certified. From the list of names certified
1 6 persons were selected for employment.

Fourteen names have been dropped from the list of em-
ployees during the year; 10 from the street department,
7 of whom resigned, 1 died, and 2 were discharged for bad
habits. Two were dropped from the water department and
2 from the sewer department, because of resignation.

Respectfully submitted,

CHENEY L. HATCH,

Registration Clerk.

LABOR SERVICE IN EVERETT. 53

LABOR SERVICE IN EVERETT.

To William L. Hicks, Registrar of Labor, Civil Service Commission,

Stale House, Boston, Mass.

Sir : — I herewith submit a full and complete report of
the business of my oflSce for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

The whole number of applications received during the
year was 154, of whom 5 were veterans. Of this number
68 persons were restored from previous years.

Seven requisitions, calling for 47 names, were received
from the Board of Public Works, upon which 100 names
were certified, 2 of them veterans. One of these requisi-
tions, calling for the certification of 80 names, was sub-
sequently cancelled ; and from the others 6 persons were
selected for employment.

But one person has been discharged during the year, and
that person for bad habits.

Respectfully submitted,

JOSEPH H. GLEASON,

Registration Clerk.

54 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

[Rbtisbd Laws, Chapter 19.]
OF THE CIVIL SERVICE.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION AND OFFICERS.

Civil Mryice SECTION 1 . The govemoF shall annually, in May or Jane,

J!S*v,**» ih with the advice and consent of the council, appoint a civil ser-
'^ *""• '^- vice commissioner for a term of three year^ fZ the first Mon-
day of July following. All appointments shall be so made
that not more than two commissioners shall at the time of any
appointment be members of the same political party. Each
commissioner shall be paid five dollars for each day's service
and his travelling and other expenses incurred in the perform-
ance of his official duties.
Sreury^ic^^' Section 2. The commissioners may appoint a chief ex-
Jl^'jjo, §20. aminer, who, under their direction, shall superintend any
JJJj'j"»36i. examination held under the provisions of this chapter and per-
U<)p. A. G. form such other duties as they may prescribe. He shall receive
an annual salary of three thousand dollars, and travelling ex-
penses incurred in the performance of his official duties. They
may appoint a secretary who shall receive an annual salary of
two thousand dollars. They may appoint a registrar of labor,
who shall, under their direction, supervise the administration
of civil service rules applicable to the public labor service of
the commonwealth or of any city thereof. He shall receive an
annual salary of two thousand dollars, and his travelling ex-
penses. They may incur other expenses not exceeding the
annual appropriation therefor.
Witne»»ee and SECTION 3. The Commissioners or any of them, in an investi-

teettmoDy. . i i . , . .

1891, 140. gation by them, may summon witnesses, administer oaths and

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 55

take testimony. The fees of such witnesses shall be the same Bee also
as for witnesses before the superior court, and shall be paid ' '
from the appropriation for the incidental expenses of the com-
missioners.

Section 4. They may designate persons in the official ser- Bxaminen.
vice of the commonwealth or of any city or of any town wherein *
this chapter is in force, who shall, with the consent of the head
of depai*tment or office in which any such person serves, act as
examiners of applicants for public employment. But no per-
son shall serve as such examiner when any relative or connec-
tion by marriage, within the degree of fii*st cousin, shall be an
applicant.

Section 5. They shall keep records of their proceedings JEieeords and
and of examinations made by them or under their authority. um,82o^ss2,'
Recommendations of applicants received by them or by any AiDended by
officer authorized to make appointments or to employ laborers 1902. '
or others, within the scope of such rules, shall be preserved.
Such records and recommendations shall, under regulations
approved by the governor and council, be open to public inspec-
tion. The commissioners shall from time to time suggest to
the general court appropriate legislation for the administration
and improvement of the civil service and shall annually before
the tenth day of January make a report which shall contain any
rules adopted under the provisions of this chapter.

RULES.

Section 6. The commissioners shall from time to time pre* Rnies.
pare rules regulating the selection of persons to fill appointive iss iiaiiii'. aoi.

1 4Q Ibf AAA ^kO

positdoDS in the government of the commonwealth and of the i4« Masa! 587,
several cities thereof and the selection of persons to be emplo^'ed
as laborers or otherwise in the service of the commonwealth and
said several cities, and altering, rescinding, amending or add-
ing to the rules now established. Such rules may be of general
or limited application and shall take effect only when approved
by the governor and council.

Section 7. The rales heretofore prepared by the commis- AppUcationof

sioners and now in force shall continue in force, and such rules, ih84, 820, | u.
and those hereafter prepared by them and approved by the gov- nwi] bn\ § 8*
ernor and council shall be administered by the commissioners. 145 MaMs. 500'.

178 Mass. 186.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Printing and
distribution of
mien.

1884, 320, S 19.
1888, 2fi3.

OfDcers not
affected.
1884, 820, § 15.
1803, 95.
1896, 502.
1 Ojp. A. a. 72,

178 k

MUM, 186.

They shall not be inconsistent with law, may be of general or
limited application and shall include provisions for : —

The classification of the positions and employments to be
filled.

Open competitive and other examinations to test the practical
fitness of applicants.

The filling of vacancies in and the selection of persons for
public positions and employments in accordance with the re-
sults of such examinations, or in the order of application, or
otherwise.

Promotions, if practicable, on the basis of ascertained merit
in the examination and seniority of service.

A period of probation before an appointment or employment
is made permanent.

Preference to veterans in appointment and promotion.

Section 8. Changes in the rules shall forthwith, when ap-
proved, be printed for distribution, and a certified copy thereof
sent to the mayor of each city and the selectmen of each town
to which such changes relate, and shall be published in one or
more newspapers. In such publication the date when such
changes shall take effect shall be specified, which date shall
be not less than sixty days subsequent to the date of such
publication.

Section 9. Judicial officers and officers elected by the people
or by a city council, or whose appointment is subject to con-
firmation by the executive council or city council of any city,
officers elected by either branch of the general court and the
appointees of such officers, heads of principal departments of
the commonwealth or of a city, the employees of the treasurer
and receiver general, of the board of commissioners of savings
banks, and of the treasurer and collector of taxes of any city,
two employees of the city clerk of any city, teachers of the
public schools, the secretaries and confidential stenographers
of the governor, or of the mayor of any city, police and fire
commissioners and chief marshals or chiefs of police and fire
departments, shall not be affected as to their selection or ap-
pointment by any rules made as aforesaid ; but, with the above
exception, such rules shall apply to members of police and
fire departments.

CIVIL SEKVICE LAW. 57

SPECIAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO BOSTON.

Section 10. Engineers, janitors and all persons having ciaesiflcation
charge of steam boilers and furnaces in the school buildings in in eharge of

Bteam boilers in

the city of Boston, and truant officers appointed by the school school houiies
committee of said city, shall be classified and appointed pursu- i8S9, 852. '
ant to this chapter and the rules thereunder.
Section 11. Persons five feet five inches in height or over, QaaiificationB

of firemen in

if otherwise qualified, shall be eligible to appointment in the Boston,
fire department of the city of Boston. Call members in said for permanent
depai-tment who have served three or more successive years iSw, 25e, 424'.
shall, upon application to the civil service commissioners, be
placed upon the eligible list for appointment as permanent men
without further examination, and may at the discretion of the
fire commissioner be appointed at the same salary as perma-
nent men who have served three or more years in said ser\nce.

APPLICATIONS.

Section 12. Every application shall state under oath the statemenuof
full name, residence and post office address, citizenship, age, exam^atfom'

1 ftflj ^^9A £17

place of birth, health and physical capacity, right of preference i88»' iss!
as a veteran, previous employment in the public service, busi- 680. **'* *
ness or employment and residence for the previous five years,
and education of the applicant, and such other information as
may reasonably be required relative to his fitness for the public
service.

Applicants for positions in the labor service of the common- Application for
wealth or of the cities thereof shall, to the number of five hun- Hrvlce^ n a r
dred, be allowed to register on the first Monday of February, ** '
May, August and November in each year, at the places ap-
pointed therefor.

EXAMINATIONS AND LISTS.

Section 13. No question in any examination shall relate Soopeof
to, and no appointment to a position or selection for employ- i884, 320, 1 le.
ment shall be afifected by, political or religious opinions or
affiliations. Examinations shall be practical and shall relate
to matters which will fairly test the capacity and fitness of the
applicants. The examinatiou of applicants for employment as

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

ObBtnietloD of
right of exam-
Iniition for*
bidden.
1884, 390, § 80.

Listi! of namM
of suooeBsfnl
appUoantfl.
1895, 601,
1886, 517

:ll:

laborers shall relate to their capacity for labor and habits of
sobriety and industry and to the necessities of themselves and
their families.

Section 14. No person in the public service shall wilfully and
cormptly defeat, deceive or obstruct any person as to his right
of examination; or wilfully or corruptly make a false mark,
grade, estimate or report upon the examination or proper stand-
ing of any person examined hereunder, or aid in so doing ; or
wilfully or corruptly make any false representation concerning
the same or concerning the person examined ; or wilfully or
corruptly furnish to a person special or secret information, for
the purpose of improving or injuring the prospects or chances
of appointment, employment or promotion of any person so
examined or to be examined.

Section 15. The commissioners, within five days after the
results of an examination have been ascertained, shall prepare
a list of the applicants who have passed the examination, with
the standing of each ; and, within five days after certification
of persons for appointment or employment, prepare a list of the
persons so certified which shall be open to public inspection.

Vendor or
neer of liqoor
ineligible.
1884, 320, § 3.

ConTicU ineli-
gible for one
Tear

1884,'820, S 4.
1888, 884.
[1 Op. A. G.

Recommenda-
tionii of public
otflcers re-
stricted.
1884, 320, § 5.

Name, etc., of
appointees to
be reported to
eommlasioiiers.
1884, 320, S 22.

APPOINTMENTS.

Section 16. No person habitually using intoxicating liquors
to excess and no vendor of intoxicating liquors shall be ap-
pointed to or retained in any ofiSce, appointment or employ-
ment to which the provisions of this chapter apply.

Section 17. No person shall be appointed to or employed
in any ofi9ce to which the provisions of this chapter apply within
one year after his conviction of any crime against the laws of
this commonwealth.

Section 18. No recommendation of an applicant for a posi-
tion or employment under the provisions of this chapter given
by any member of the general court, alderman or councilman,
except as to the character or residence of the applicant, shall
be received or considered by any person concerned in making
the appointment under this chapter.

Section 19. The name and residence of every person, ex-
cept laborers, appointed to, promoted or employed in a position
coming within the mles governing the civil service, the designa-

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 59

tion of sach position and the rejection or discharge of every such
peraon, shall forthwith be reported to the commissioners by the
officer making such appointment, promotion, rejection or dis-
charge, or providing such employment.

veterans' preference.
Section 20. The word " veteran" in this chapter shall mean Definition of

"veterwi."

a person who has served in the army or navy of the United I890,5i7,$f i|0-
States in the war of the rebellion and was honorably discharged
therefrom, or a citizen of this commonwealth who distinguished
himself by gallant and heroic conduct while serving in the army
or navy of the United States and has received a medal of
honor from the president of the United States.

Section 21. A veteran may apply for examination under Application of
the rules, and if he passes the examination, shall be preferred Ixam^ation.

1887 437

in appointment and employment to all persons not veterans. 1889)473*.
The commissioners shall cause the names of the veterans who ^^* ^^* '* *"*•
pass the examination to be placed upon the eligible list in the i^j^is. (I?,
order of their respective standing, above the names of all other JJS.^***' **'
applicants, and to be certified to the appointing officers for fia^Siu ^*
appointment and employment in preference to other applicants, ^4i8*^J^of^
and the appointment or employment shall be made from the ^^^■
list so certified, but this section shall not apply to the detective
department of the district police. Nothing herein shall pre-
vent the certification and employment of women.

Section 22. A veteran may apply for appointment to or Application
for employment in the classified public service without exami- ment?

IHQft &17 C S

nation. In such application, he shall state under oath the facts lee ^aas. ssi.
required by the rules. Age, loss of limb or other disability
which does not in fact incapacitate shall not disqualify him for
appointment or employment under the provisions of this sec-
tion. Appointing officers may make requisition for the names
of any or all such veterans and appoint or employ any of them.

Section 23. No veteran who holds an office or employment Removal of
in the public service of the commonwealth, or of any city or after^a^g.

1894 619

town therein, shall be removed or suspended, or shall, without i896|5i7i$5.
his consent, be transferred from such office or employment, iTfi^^aaB*. 489.
nor shall his office be abolished, except after a full hearing of * '

which he shall have at least seventy-two hours' written notice,

' MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Rules for
veterans.
1896, 617, § 0.
166 Mass. 580.
170 Mau. 68.

Reinstatement
of certain per-
sons.
1808,464.

with a statement of the reasons for the contemplated removal,
suspension, transfer or abolition. The henring shall be before
the state board of conciliation and arbitration, if the veteran is
a state employee, or before the mayor of the city or selectmen
of the town of which he is an employee, and the veteran shall
have the right to be present and to be represented by counsel.
Such removal, suspension or transfer, or such abolition of an
office, shall be made only upon a written order stating fully and
specifically the cause or causes therefor, and signed by said
board, mayor or selectmen, after a hearing as aforesaid.

Section 24. The rules shall provide for the employment of
veterans in the labor service of the commonwealth and of the
cities and towns thereof, in the class for which they make
application, in preference to all other persons except women.
If the appointing officer certifies in his requisition for laborers
that the work to be performed requires young and vigorous
men, and, upon investigation, the commissioners are satisfied
that such certificate is true, they may fix a limit of age and
certify only those whose age falls within such limit. In cities
and towns in which the provisions of this chapter and the rules
governing the civil service have not been applied to the labor
sen'ice, the selectmen and the city councils shall take any
necessary action to secure the employment of veterans in the
labor service of their respective cities and towns in preference
to all other persons except women.

Section 25. Any person in the classified public service of
the commonwealth or of any city or town thereof who resigns
such office or leaves such service for the purpose of enlisting
and serving in the army or navy of the United States or in the
militia of this commonwealth in time of war and so enlists and
serves, may at any time within one year after his honorable
discharge from such military or naval service be appointed to
or employed in his former or a similar position or employment,
without application or examination.

Public officers
not to solicit
contribntions
for political
purposes.
1884; 820, f 6.

CORRUPT PRACTICES.

Section 26. No councillor, member of the general court,
alderman or councilman, or any officer or employee of any of
said bodies, and no executive or judicial officer of the common-

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 61

wealth, no cllerk or etnployee of any departibent 6r branch of
the government of the commonwealth and no executive officer,
clerk or employee of any department of a city shall personally
solicit or receive, directly or indirectly, or be concerned in
soliciting or receiving, any assessment, subscription or contri-
bution for any political purpose whatever ; but this shall not
forbid such persons to be members of political organizations
or committees.

Section 27. No person shall solicit in any manner whatever soudtatioiui
or receive any contribution of money or other thing of value for official buUd-
any political purpose whatever in a room or building occupied i8l4*8ao,§7.
for the performance of official duties by an officer or employee
of the commonwealth or of any city herein.

Section 28. No officer or 'employee of the commonwealth ^^^ officer*,

*^ "^ etc., not to be

or of any city or town wherein this chapter is in force, shall jSj^jf^J^
discharge, promote, or degrade an officer or employee, or change JJS*^*^-
his official rank or compensation, or promise or threaten so to i42 Mms. w, w.
do, for giving, withholding or neglecting to make a contribution
of money or other valuable thing for a political purpose.

Section 29. No officer, clerk or other person in the service oifufor
of the commonwealth or of any city or town wherein this chapter forbidden,
is in force shall, directly or indirectly, give or deliver to an '
officer, clerk or person in said service, or to any councillor,
member of the general couil, alderman, councilman or commis-
sioner, any money or other valuable thing on account of, or to
be applied to, the promotion of any political object whatever.

Section 30. No person in the service of the commonwealth Coercion of

political actloD

or of any city or town wherein this chapter is in force shall use forbidden.
his official authority or influence to coerce the political action of ' ' '
any person or body, or to interfere with any election.

Section 31. No person in the public service shall, for that Public offioen,
reason, be under obligation to contribute to any political fund, quired to Con-
or to render any political semce, and shall not be removed or poutieai fund.

l884 820 C 11

otherwise prejudiced for refusing to do so. ]42Mms.90,o6.

Section 32. No person holding a public office or in nomina- corrupt meth-
tion for, or seeking a nomination for, or appointment to, an ing nominal'
office, shall corruptly use or promise to use, directly or in- p^MteS.
directly, any official authority or influence to confer upon any * * •
person, or to aid a person to obtain, an office or public employ-
ment, or a nomination, confirmation, promotion or increase of

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

RefreshmenU
at public ex-

Knse rega-
led.
1884, 820, § 18.

salary, upon the consideration or condition that the vote,
political influence or action of any person shall be given or
used in behalf of a candidate, officer or party, or upon any
other corrupt condition or consideration.

Section 33. No city shall pay a bill incurred by any official
thereof for wines, liquors or cigars ; nor shall a city pay a bill
for refreshments furnished to an official of said city if the
amount for any one day exceeds one dollar for each member of
the government of said city who certifies over his own signature
to the correctness of the bill.

Enforcement
of rules.
1901, 612.

Penalties.
1884, 820, § 24.
1805, 501, f 5.

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

Section 84. If, in the opinion of the civil service commis-
sioners, a person is appointed or employed in the public service
classified under civil serx'^ice rules in violation of any such rules,
the commissioners shall, after written notice mailed to the
appointing or employing officer or officers and to such person,
notify in writing the treasurer, auditor or other disbursing officer
of the commonwealth, city or town in whose service such pei'son
is so employed, and the payment of any compensation to such
person shall be illegal and shall cease at the expiration of one
week after the mailing of the latter notice, until the legality
of such appointment or employment is duly established. The
attorney general may, within thirty days after said notice to
such treasurer, auditor or other disbursing officer, file in the
superior court, sitting in equity for the county in which such
appointee or employee was appointed or employed, an informa-
tion in the nature of a quo warranto against such appointee or
employee, and the superior court or any justice thereof shall
have jurisdiction to hear and determine the same. At any time
after the beginning of such proceedings the court may, if it is
of opinion that there is reasonable doubt whether the employ-
ment of such person is in violation of such rules, order that the
compensation accruing to the person notified shall be paid to
him until othei'wise ordered by said court. If the attorney
general shall fail within said thirty days to file such informa-
tion, the said notice shall be regarded as null and void.

Section 35. Whoever makes an appointment to office or
selects a person for employment contrary to, or wilfully refuses

CIVIL SKRVK^E LAW. 63

or otherwise neglects to comply with, the provisions of this i89«,6i7, y:
chapter or of any rule hereunder shall, unless some other penalty
is specifically provided, be punished by a fine of not less than
one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars for each ofifence.

Section 36. This chapter shall be in force in any town of ^^^^°^°^
more than twelve thousand inhabitants when accepted by it. J^^*
So much of this chapter and the rules established under it as
relate to the employment of laborers, designated as the '^ Labor
Service," shall not be in force in any city of less than one hun-
dred thousand inhabitants until the city council, with the
approval of the mayor, accepts the same.

Section 37. In a town which by a vote of a majority of the AppUoationto

. . 1*1 • fir® ftfifi police

votera votmg thereon at an annual or special town meeting forces in towns,
accepts the provisions of this section or has accepted the corre- '
sponding provisions of earlier laws, the provisions of this chapter
and the rules made under the authority thereof which relate to
the police and fire forces of cities except Boston shall apply to
all members of the regular or permanent police and fire forces,
or to the call fire force, or to either of said forces, of a town.
Such vote may limit the application of the provisions of this
chapter and of the rules made thereunder either to the police
force or to the fire force of such town, or it may extend such
application to both of said forces. Upon such vote of accept-
ance, each member of the force or forces included therein and
within the classified civil service shall continue to hold his office
until his death, resignation or removal. He shall not be re-
moved except for cause shown after a full hearing before the
board or officer of the town having power to make removals,
and such member shall have the right to be present at such hear-
ing and to be represented by counsel.

[Rbtisbd Laws, Chapter 24.]
n ApproprtatloDB

Section 24. A citv may appropriate money for the enforce- for enforcement

^ * 4.U • / ♦u 1 " 1 ♦• * -4. • 1 • of civil servlee

ment therein of the laws relating to its civil service. law.

1887, 845.

MASSACHUSEITS CIVIL SERVICE.

AppointmeDt
and clMsifica-
tloD of truant
offlcert in Bo8<
ton.

[Acts of 1893, Chaptsk 253.]

An Act placing truant officers in the city of bostos

under civil service rules.
Be it enacted, etc,, as follows:

Section 1. All truant officers hereafter appointed by the
school committee of the city of Boston, as provided in section
eleven of chapter forty-eight of the Public Statutes, shall be
classified and appointed pursuant to the provisions of chapter
three hundred and twenty of the acts of the year eighteen hun-
dred and eighty-four and the rules of the civil service commis-
sioners made and established thereunder.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
lApproved April 24, 1893,

Transfer of

watchmen.

1804, 349.

Ab amended by

c. 214, Acta of

1904.

[Reyised Laws, Chapter 225.]
Section 10. An officer in a jail or house of correction may
be transferred to the state prison, the Massachusetts reform-
atory, or the temporary industrial camp for prisoners as a
watchman ; and if the place in which he is employed is not in
the classified list prepared by the civil service commissioners,
they shall give him a non-competitive examination as to his
fitness, upon receipt from the warden of the state prison, the
superintendent of the Massachusetts reformatory or the super-
intendent of the temporary industrial camp for prisoners of a
statement that the appointment of such officer is desired and
that he possesses particular qualifications for the work which
will be required of him.

[Revised Laws, Chapter lOS.]
Reserve police SECTION 26. Any city, exccpt Bostou, in which the city
1896, 814, §§ 1, 4. council, with the approval of the mayor, accepts the provisions
of this and the two following sections or has accepted the cor-
responding provisions of earlier laws, may establish a reserve
police force; and appointments thereto shall be made in the
same manner as appointments to the regular police force of
said city, subject to such rules as the civil service commis-
sioners may prescribe.

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 65

Section 27. The number of members of such reserve force Number of
shall Dot exceed five in cities in which the number of members i896,8i4/§3.
of the regular force does not exceed fifteen. If the number
of members of the regular force exceeds fifteen, one member
may be added to the reserve force for every thi*ee of the regular
force above fifteen and not above thirty ; one for every five of
the regular force above thirty and not above eighty ; and one
for every ten of the regular force above eighty.

Section 28. The mayor, chief of police or city marshal of a Powew. dntiet,
city in which such reseixe force is established may assign the im, zu, § 8.°'
members thereof to duty in said city whenever and for such
length of time as said mayor, chief of police or marshal may
deem necessary ; and when on duty the members of said reserve
force shall have all the powers and duties of members of the
regular police force of said city. The compensation of the
members of said reserve force shall be fixed by the city council.

[Acts of 1897, ChaHvb 209.]

An Act relative to appointment in the somerville fire

department.

Be it encuUed, etc., as follows :

Section 1. All members of the Somerville fire department, Somerviu© Are

^ department.

known as call members, who were appointed before the enact-
ment of chapter three hundred and twenty of the acts of the
year eighteen hundred and eighty-four, and who have continued
three or more years in said service, shall, upon application to
the civil service commissioners, be placed upon the eligible
list for appointment as permanent men, without any further
examination.

Section 2. The mayor may at his discretion appoint such
men on the permanent force at the same salary as a permanent
man who has continued three or more years in said service.

Section 3. This act shall take eflFect upon its acceptance by
the city government of the city of Somerville. {^Approved
March 29^ 1897. Accepted by city Jidy 3, 1902.

66 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

[Rbtiskd Laws, Chaptbr 223.]

^**fo'?priion Section 3. The officers of the state prison shall be a war-
iSTSb cc 1 4 ^^®^' <^®P"*y warden, chaplain, physician and sui^eon, clerk,
engineer, assistant engineer, electrician, steward who shall be
employed in the kitchen department of the prison, four turn-
keys, as many watchmen, not exceeding forty-nine, and as
many assistant watchmen, not exceeding five, as the warden,
subject to the approval of the prison commissioners, may find
necessary. In certifying the names of persons eligible to
appointment as assistant watchmen, the civil service commis-
sioners shall certify the names of persons who are over the
age of twenty-five and under the age of forty years.

[Bbtibed Laws, Chaptbr 192.]
JnjJormatioM. SECTION 12. The suprcmc judicial court shall have jurisdic-

1809. 876.

188 Mass. 448. tiou of informations in the nature of quo warranto file<i by the
attorney general against a person holding or claiming the right
to hold an office or employment, the salary or compensation of
which is payable by the commonwealth, a county, city or town.

and Are service.

[Acts of 1900, Chaptbr 69.]

An Act to extend the provisions op the civil service act
to the police and fire forces of the town of milton.

Be U enacted,-etc,^ as follows :
Milton pouce SECTION 1. The provisious of chapter three hundred and

twenty of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and eighty-
four, entitled *' An Act to improve the civil service of the Com-
monwealth and the cities thereof," and all acts in amendment
thereof and in addition thereto, and the civil service rules there-
under which relate to the police and fire forces of cities of the
Commonwealth other than the city of Boston, are hereby ex-
tended and made applicable to all members of the regular or
permanent police force and to all members of the fire force of
the town of Milton.

Section 2. All members of said regular police and fire
forces shall continue to hold their several offices until resigna-
tion or removal.

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 67

Section 3. No member of either of said forces shall be re- Ab amended by

_ ^ , - -,,,., ^ .1 c. 288. Actftof

moved except for cause shown after a full heanng before the iwm.
board or officer of the town having power to make removals, at
which hearing the member in question shall have the right to
be present and to be represented by counsel.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
[^Approved February 13^ 1900,

[Acts or 1900, Ghaptbr 95.]
An Act to provide for the appointment of a reserve police

FORCE IN the city OF FALL RIVER.

Be it eiKicUdy etc., as follows:

Section 1. The board of police for the city of Fall River FaU River
may from time to time, as authorized by said city and under ^ ^ *®^
such rules as the civil service commissioners of the Common-
wealth prescribe, appoint suitable persons to constitute a reserve
police force for said city, who shall be subject to such rules and
regulations as the board of police may prescribe, and who may
be removed by said board for any reason satisfactory to it.
Said board of police may assign the members of said reserve
police force to duty in said city whenever and for such time as
it shall deem necessary, and when on duty they shall have and
exercise all the powers and duties held and exercised by the
police of said city.

Section 2. All appointments upon the regular police force of
said city shall be made from the resei-ve police force, under such
rules as the civil service commissioners of the Commonwealth
may prescribe ; and service on the resei-ve police force for not
less than six months shall be deemed to be equivalent to the
probationary period now required by the rules of said commis-
sioners.

Section 3. The members of the reserve police force shall
when on duty be paid by the city of Fall River such compensa-
tion, not exceeding two dollars and fifty cents a day, as the
board of police may prescribe.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
{^Approved February 20, 1900.

68 MASSACHUSETTS aVIL SERVICE.

[Acts of 1900, Chapter 138.]

An Act to extend the provisions of the civil service law

TO THE police AND FIRE FORCES OF THE TOWN OP NATICK.

Be it eiKXcted, etc., as follows :
Natiek police SECTION 1. The provisions of chapter three hundred and

and fire service. *^ '^

twenty of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and eighty-four,
entitled " An Act to improve the civil service of the Common-
wealth and the cities thereof," and of all acts in amendment
thereof, and the civil service rules thereunder which relate to
the police and lire forces of cities of the Commonwealth other
than the city of Boston, are hereby extended and made appli-
cable to the members of the regular police force and all mem-
bers of the fire force of the town of Natick.

Section 2. All members of said regular police and fire
forces shall continue to hold their respective ofiSces until resig-
nation or removal.

Section 8. No member of either of said forces shall be re-
moved except for cause shown, after a full hearing before the
selectmen of said town, at which hearing the member in question
shall have the right to be present and to be represented by
counsel.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its acceptance by
a majority of the legal voters of said town present and voting
thereon at an annual town meeting or at any town meeting duly
called for the purpose. If the vote thereon is taken at an annual
town meeting it shall be by official ballot in answer to the ques-
tion, '^ Shall an act passed by the general court in the year nine-
teen hundred, to extend the civil service law to the police and
fire forces of Natick, be accepted ? " \^Approved March 8^ 1900.

[Acts of 1902, Chapter 308.]

An Act relative to the preservation op records by the

crvil service commissioners.

Be it enacted, etc , as follows :

^liSl^ou^d Sb^ction 1. Section five of chapter nineteen of the Revised
examineuon Laws is hereby amended by inserting after the word " rules",
in the fifth line, the words : — and the examination papers of
such applicants, — and after the word ''preserved", in said
line, the words : — for at least six years, after which time any
or all application and examination papers of applicants, with
accompanying recommendations, may, at the discretion of said

CIVIL SERVICE LAW. 69

commissioners, be destroyed, — so as to read as follows : —
Section 5. They shall keep records of their proceedings and
of examinations made by them or under their authority.
Recommendations of applicants received by them or by any
officer authorized to make appointments or to employ laborers
or others, within the scope of such rules, and the examination
papers of such applicants, shall be preserved for at least six
years, after which time any or all application and examination
papers of applicants, with accompanying recommendations,
may, at the discretion of said commissioners, be destroyed.
Such records and recommendations shall, under regulations
approved by the governor and council, be open to public in-
spection. The commissioners shall from time to time suggest
to the general court appropriate legislation for the administra-
tion and improvement of the civil service and shall annually
before the tenth day of January make a report which shall
contain any rules adopted under the provisions of this chapter.
SEcmoN 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
lApproved AprU 17, 1902.

[Acts of 1903, Chapter 102.]

An Act to extend the provisions of the civil service act

to the town op milton.

Be it enacted^ etc.^ as follows :

Section 1 . The provisions of chapter nineteen of the Revised ^\J^^J2i|J*'
Laws entitled, " Of the Civil Service", and all acts in amend- MUton.
ment thereof and in addition thereto, and the civil service rules
established thereunder, are hereby extended and made applicable
to the following named offices in the town of Milton, to wit : —

Heads of principal departments not elected by the voters, offioenaf.
chief superintendents of departments, clerks and confidential
stenographers of the selectmen, and all offices in the public ser-
vice classified in and included by said civil service rules in the
division designated as the " official service."

Section 2. Every person holding an office in the town of '^S^* <*'
Milton, enumerated in section one, shall continue to hold such
office until resignation or removal.

Section 3. This act shall take effect upon its acceptance by ab amended by

*^ _ . C. 148, AcU of

a majority vote of the voters of said town present and voting i904.
thereon at a town meeting duly called for the purpose within
three years after its passage ; but only one such meeting shall
be called. [^Ajyproved February 25, 1903.

MASSACHUSETrS CIVIL SERVICE.

Height and
weight of
members of
Are depart-
ments.

Certification
three separate
times.

KcmovHls, etc.,
in classified
service.

[Acts of 1904, Chapter 194.]

An Act relative to regulations concerning the height and

WEIGHT OF members OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS.

Be it enacted, etc., as follows :

Section 1. No regulations concerning the height or weight
of persons who shall be eligible to become members of the fire
department in any city or town shall be made or enforced
except by the city council of such city, by the selectmen of
such town, or by the board or officer having authority to make
appointments in the fire department of such city or town.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
{^Approved March 31 ^ 1904.

[Acts of 1904, Chapter 198.]

An Act relative to the civil service rules and regula-
tions.
Be it eTUtcted, etc., as follows :

Section 1. No rules shall be made or enforced by the civil
service commissioners which shall prevent the certification for
the same office, on at least three separate occasions, of any
persons whose name is on any register. But in case the said
commissiqners shall find upon investigation that any person
who has once or twice so been certified is morally unfit to hold
the office or position in question, he shall not be entitled to be
certified again.

Section 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
[^Approved March 31^ 1904.

[Acts of 1904, Chapter 314.]

An Act to regulate removals and suspensions from office

AND employment IN THE CLASSIFIED CIVIL SERVICE.

Be it enacted, etc., as follows:

Section 1. Every person holding office or employment in
the public service of the Commonwealth or in any county, city
or town thereof, classified under the civil service rules of the
Commonwealth, shall hold such office or employment and shall
not be removed therefrom, lowered in rank or compensation,
or suspended, or, without his consent, transferred from such
office or employment to any other except for just cause and
for reasons specifically given in writing.

CIVIL SERVICE LAW.

Section 2. The person sought to be removed, suspended, SvM^itcI*
lowered or transferred shall be notified of the proposed action
and shall be furnished with a copy of the reasons required to
be given by section one, and shall, if he so requests in writing,
be given a public hearing, and be allowed to answer the
chaises preferred against him either personally or by counsel.
A copy of such reasons, notice and answer and of the order of
removal, suspension or transfer shall be made a matter of
public record. {^Approt}€d May 9, 1904.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SEJRVICE.

THE CIVIL SERVICE RULES

OF THE

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS AND THE CITIES

THEREOF.

In accordance with the provisions of chapter 320 of the Acts
of the year 1884, and acts in amendment thereof, the following
rules have been prepared for the selection of persons to fill cer-
tain offices in the government of the Commonwealth and of
cities and certain towns thereof, and for the selection of persons
to be employed as laborers therein ; and all rules heretofore pre-
pared and approved are hereby rescinded.

Rule I.

""SS^^^e"^' The term "city" or" cities," as used in these rules, shall
^^' be construed to include and apply to every city or town in the

Commonwealth to which such rules shall be applicable.

AppolutroeDts
ana removals,
responnibiUty
for.

RUT.E II.

The power to remove or reduce, within the classified ser-
vice, existing by law, on the part of any officer or board, is not
impaired by anything contained in these rules.

Regulations for
carrying oat
rules.

Rule III.

The commissioners will make and issue, from time to time,
as the needs of the service require, such regulations as may
be necessary for conducting the business of their office, for
the instruction of their secretary, chief examiner, registrar of
labor and local boards of examiners, and for carrying out the
provisions of these rules.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 73

Rule IV.

L For the purpose of making examinations of applicants, oommUBioners
the commissioners will designate persons to be examines, and boa^B^o?
may at any time substitute another person in place of any one ®**°*^®"-
so designated.

2. Whenever the special qualifications required for a posi- Kxperutoaid

^ ^ ^ * ezamiuerB in

tion are such that assistance from experts in conducting an ex- certaiu eases,
amination is advisable, such experts may be designated to aid
the examining board ; and, so far as practicable, such experts
shall be persons employed in the department to which the appli-
cant seeks admission.

Rule V.

In order that suitable provision may be made for conduct- CommiasionerB

, - to apply to

iug examinations in the several cities, the commissioners will, local authorities
from time to .time, apply to the proper authorities thereof for quarters, etc.
temporary quarters and for clerical assistance in receiving and
filing applications for appointment in the local service.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE SERVICE.

Rule VI.

The offices and places to be filled under these rules shall be ciassiflcaUon,
classified in two divisions: the first to be known as ''The
Official Service " of the Commonwealth and the several cities
thereof; the second as " The Labor Semce.^

>»

FIRST DIVISION.

Rule VII.

1. There shall be two schedules under the first division, Ftnt division,
known as Schedule A and Schedule B. a and b. '

Schedule A.

2, Schedule A shall include clerks, copyists, recorders, book- Amendments.
keepere, inspectors, agents, almoners, visitors, stenographers, Feb.is, i897,
typewriters, messengers, and persons i:endering service similar its Mass. ise.
to that of any of the above-specified positions, in the sei-vice of

the Commonwealth or of any city thereof, under whatever

74 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SEKVICE.

designation, whether sach service is permanent or temporary,
and whether the same is paid by time for work done, by the
piece, or in any other manner.
There shall be the following classes in Schedule A : —

Class 1. Persons rendering service as clerks, copyists, recorders,
book-keepers, or any similar service, whose annual com-
pensation is at the rate of eight hundred dollars or less ;
also messengers, office boys over sixteen years of age,
and all persons, under whatever designation, performing
messenger or similar service, at said rate of compensa^
tion ; provided, however, that the messengers of the gov-
ernor, and one messenger of the mayor of any city, are
excepted herefrom.

Class 2. Persons rendering similar service to that specified in class
1, whose annual compensation is at the rate of more than
eight hundred dollars.

Class 8. Agents, almoners, inspectors other than inspectors of work,
visitors, and all persons rendering similar service, under
whatever designation, whose duties may be in part cler-
ical.

Class 4. Stenographers and typewriters.

Schedule B.
There shall be the following classes in Schedule B : —

Amendment. Class 1. Turnkeys, watchmen, drivers of prison wagons, and all

other persons doing police duty in the parks, public
grounds, prisons, houses of detention, reformatories, and
in all other public institutions, places and departments
of the Commonwealth, and the several cities thereof, not
included in classes 3 and 4 of Schedule B ; also watch-
men, gatemen and guards in the public parks and ferries.
Class 2. All members of the fire department in the city of Boston,
except call substitutes.

Amendmonu. Class 3. a. The detective force of the district police.

Oct. 1,1894, and , rw,, , .. i. «.,...-,.

Feb. 1, 1900. 0, The inspection force of the district police.

c. The regular and reser\'e police forces of^ and all persons
doing permanent police duty in and for and paid by, any
city of the Commonwealth, except the city of Boston.

d. The special, substitute or supernumerary police force,
and all persons doing temporary police duty in and for
and paid by any city of the Commonwealth, except the
city of Boston.

Class 4. All members of the regular and reserve police forces in the
city of Boston.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 75

Class 5. Engineers and assistant enfi^ineers, draw-tenders and assist- ciMBifled

March 1 188fl

ant draw-tenders employed on bridges in the cities of the Amended

Commonwealth. Fet.V,ii!w\'°'*

Class 6. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, and all persons,
nnder whatever designation, doing similar work in the
service of the Commonwealth, or any city thereof, and
not included in Schedule A.

Class 7. Sub-foremen of laborers, and all persons, under whatever
designation, doing similar work in the service of the Com-
monwealth, or any city thereof

Class 8. Engineers, janitors and persons having charge of steam
boilers and ftirnaces in the school buildings in the city of
Boston.

Class 9. a. All members of the regular or permanent fire force of
any city except Boston, after the proper authority of the
city shall have requested the commissioners to include
such force in the classified service.
6. All members of the fire force of any town by law within
the classified service.

Class 10. All truant officers in the city of Boston. Kot. i, isos.

Class 11. Engineers, janitors and persons having charge of public Oct. i, 1894, and
school buildings heated by other means than direct fur- "^ ^' *'
nace or stove heat in any city except Boston, after the
school committee thereof shall have requested the com-
missioners to include such positions in the classified
service.

Class 12. Superintendents, assistant superintendents, deputies and Feb.i5,i807.
persons, other than the chief superintendents of depart-
ments, performing any of the duties of a superintendent
in the service of any city of the Commonwealth.

Class 13. Civil engineers, surveyors, draughtsmen, tran.^itraen, level- Feb. is, i897.
lers, chainmen. rodmen, and all assistants, under whatever 1902 * *™ *
designation, except laborers, in the service of the Com-
monwealth, or any city thereof

Class 14. The aids and other persons, under whatever designa- Feb. 15, 1897.
tiou, employed in detective service in the office of the
State Fire Marshal.

Qualifications.

Rule VIII.

1. Applicants for appointment to any position in the ser- state service,
vice of the Commonwealth, to whicli these rules apply, must be »ppiicanti?
citizens of the United States who have resided in the Common-
wealth for one year next preceding the date of their applica-

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Cltv Mrviee,
realdenee of
appUoantfl.

tioDS. This restriction shall not apply to positions in which
special expert knowledge is required.

2. Applicants for appointment in the service of a city mnst
be citizens of the United States, who have resided in the Com-
monwealth for one year and in the city in which they seek ser-
vice for six months next preceding the date of their applications,
except where special qualifications are required, and the appoint-
ing officer requests in writing that the examination be open to
persons who are not citizens or residents.

Disqaaliflca.
tioDB for ap-
pointmeDt.

Rule IX.

No application for appointment will be received from any
vendor of intoxicating liquor, or any person habitually using
intoxicating beverages to excess ; or any person who, within
the year preceding his application, has been convicted of any
offence against the laws of this Commonwealth.

Moral
character.

Burden of
proof.

Failure to prove
good character.

Applicant
entitled to a
hearing.

Rule X.

1. A good moral character is an essential qualification, and
is of paramount importance in determining an applicant's rigbt
to admission to the eligible list.

2. The burden of proof of good character shall in all cases
be upon the applicant, who may be required by the commis-
sioners to furnish evidence thereof additional to the certificates
required in his application.

3. Failure by the applicant to prove good character shall
exclude him from examination and from the eligible list ; and
proof at any time produced to the commissioners of the bad
character or dissolute habits of an applicant or eligible, of any
criminal or disgraceful act committed by him, or his dismissal
for good cause from the public service, shall be sufficient to
exclude him from examination or to remove his name from the
list of eligibles.

4. No person shall be so excluded from examination, and
no one shall be removed from the eligible list, under this rule,
except after an opi)ortunity to be heard and upon a finding of
the commissioners and a recoi'd thereof, containing the names
of the commissioners voting therefor and a statement of the
grounds of their action.

'CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 77

Rule XI.

1. Iq Schedule A the only requirement as to age, height Amendment m
and weight is that women must be not less than eighteen years Oct. i,' ism.
of age at the time of filing the application.

2. In Schedule B there shall be the following requirements
of age, height and weight : —

a. In class 1 applicants for appointment as metropolitan park ^™®?^,™JP^' .

police officers shall be not less than twenty-five and not Feb.i,i900.
over forty years of age at the time of filing the application,
and must be not less than five feet seven inches in height
and weigh not less than one hundred and thirty-five pounds.

b. Applicants for appointment to the State Prison or Massa- Amendment*.

chusetts Reformatory service must be not less than five Feb. i, 1900*.
feet seven inches in height and weigh not less than one
hundred and thirty-five pounds.

c. Other than as herein provided, there shall be in class 1 no Amendments.

requirement as to age, height or weight, and in no case yI\}. i, iwo *°
shall the requirements apply to veterans.

d. In class 2 [the fire force of Boston] applicants for appointment Amendmenu.

must be not less than twenty-two nor over thirty years Feb. 15, 1897.
of age at the time of making application, and must be not
less than five feet five inches in height and weigh not less
than one hundred and thirty-five pounds ; provided, how-
ever, that applicants for appointment in the call force of
the fire department of Boston, who are serving as call sub-
stitutes in said department, may, for the purpose of making
themselves eligible under the rules for examination, deduct
from their actual age any time not exceeding five years
during which they have served in such capacity ; and j^ro-
videdy further, that applications for appointment to the
force may be made by persons serving in the call force
who are under forty years of age.
6. In class 3 [the police force of any city other than Boston! Amendment,
applicants for appointment must be not less than twenty- ' '
two nor over forty years of age, and applicants for appoint-
ment to the district police force must be not less than
*' twenty-two nor over fifty-five years of age at the time of
filing the application ; ""provided, however, that this limita- Amendment
tion as to age shall not apply to veterans. In all cases in *^^ '
this class, except the inspection force of the district police,
applicants must be not less than five feet seven inches in
height and weigh not less than one hundred and thirty-five
pounds.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Amendment.
March 16, 1891.

Amendment.
March 1,1893.

Amendment.
Nov. 1, 1898.

Amendment.
Oct. 1, 1894.

In class 4 [the police force of Boston] applicants for appoint-
ment must be not less than twenty-five nor over thirty-
three years of age at the time of filing the application, and
must be not less than five feet eight inches in height and
weigh not less than one hundred and forty pounds.

In class 9 [the fire force of cities other than Boston] appli-
cants for appointment shall be not less than twenty-two
nor over thirty-five years of age at the time of making
application, and shall be not less than five feet four inches
in height and weigh not less than one hundred and twenty
pounds ; provided, however, that call men serving in the
fire department may deduct from their actual age any time
not exceeding five years during which they have contin-
uously served in such capacity.

In class 10 [Boston truant officers] applicants for appoint-
ment shall be not less than thirty nor over forty-five years
of age at the time of filing the application.

In all cases under this rule applicants shall be measured in
bare feet and shall be weighed without clothing.

Except as provided in this rule, there is no requirement as to
age, height or weight; provided, however, an age limit
may be recognized, if deemed expedient by the commis-
sioners, except in case of a veteran.

Applications,
how made.

Form of
applications.

Application.

Rule XII.

1. Applications for admission to examinations in the first
division may be made at any time, and shall be on blanks in a
form prescribed by the commissioners. Applications for ap-
pointment to positions in the service of the Commonwealth, and
of the city of Boston, shall be filed in the office of the commis-
sioners in Boston ; applications for appointment to positions in
the service of cities other than Boston shall be filed with the
local board of examiners in the city where service is sought,
or at such other place as the commissioners may designate.

2. Each applicant for examination must state, nnder oath,
and in his or her own handwriting: 1. Full name, residence
and post-office address. 2. Citizenship. 3. Age. 4. Place of
birth. 5. Health, and physical capacity for the public service.
6. Right of preference as a veteran. 7. Previous employment
in the public service. 8. Business or employment, and resi-
dence, for the previous five years. 9. Education. 10. Such
other information as may be required touching the applicant's
fitness for the public service.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 79

Rule XIII.

1. The word ''veteran" in these rules shall mean a person Deflnitionof
who served in the army or navy of the United States in the Amendment. '
time of the war of the rebellion, and was honorably discharged ' *
therefrom ; and also a citizen of Massachusetts who has dis-
tinguished himself by gallant and heroic conduct while serving

in the army or navy of the United States, and who has received
a medal of honor from the President of the United States.

2. Any veteran desiring appointment to office or employment ^•*y*" ^ *^*
in the service classified under the civil service rules, without Amendment,
having passed any examination provided for therein, shall file an
application for such appointment, stating, under oath: (1) his

full name, residence and post-office address ; (2) the office he
seeks; (3) that he desires appointment without having passed
any examination provided for by the civil service act or the rules
thereunder; (4) his service as a veteran; (5) that he has not
suffered loss of limb, or other physical impairment, which in-
capacitates ; (6) his citizenship ; (7) that he does not habitu-
ally use intoxicating beverages to excess, and is not a vendor
of intoxicating liquor; (8) that he has not within one year
been convicted of any offence against the laws of the Common-
wealth.

3. Such application must be supported by certificates that ^Pf"^**^*^
the applicant has all the qualifications required by law of veter- oertmcatee.
ans. Such application, if for an office or employment in the

8er\4ce of the Commonwealth or of the city of Boston, shall be
filed in the office of the commissioners in Boston ; if for an office
or employment in the service of any city other than Boston, it
shall be filed with the examiners in such city.

Rule XIV.

Every application must be supported by certificates of good ^pp^^^q'JI!
moral chai-acter, health, and physical and mental capacity for p^^^J^^ **'"
doing the public work, the ceitificates to be in such form and
number as the commissioners shall prescribe. But no recom- Reoommenda-
mendation which may be given by any Senator, member of the ©eived ^'^^JJ^J";
House of Representatives, alderman or councilman, except as ^° ^
to the character or residence of the applicant, can be received
or considered by any person concerned in making any appoint-
ment under these rules.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Application for
more than two
cUflsefl.
Amendment.
Feb. 1, 1900.

New

application.

Effect of f ^e
Btatements.

Rule XV.

No application from the same person will be received for
appointment or employment in more than two classes of the
civil service as herein classified ; but this limitation shall not
apply to veterans.

Rule XVI.

Any person possessing the required qualifications, who has
taken an examination, may make a new application at any
time after the result of such examination is determined ; and if
his name is upon the eligible list, it shall continue until the
result of the examination is determined ; and if he fails to pass
the examination, his name shall be stricken from the eligible
list; and if he passes such examination, he shall rank in accord-
ance with the result.

Rule XVII.

Every false statement knowingly made by any person in
his application for examination, and every connivance by him
at any false statement made in any certificate which may ac-
company his application, or any complicity by him in any fraud,
shall be regarded as good cause for excluding him from the
eligible list, or for his removal or discharge after appointment.

Defective

appiicatlons

returned.

Reception of
applications
and notice to
applicants.

Rule XVIII.

Defective applications will be returned to applicants with a
notice to amend the same. Whenever the application shows
that the applicant is not qualified under the rules and i*egula-
tions, the application will be rejected, and the applicant notified
of the reason therefor*

Rule XIX.

The date of the reception of each application shall be en-
dorsed thereon, and the application recorded ; and if the appli-
cants for admission to any class are in excess of the number
that can be examined at a single examination, they will be
notified to appear in the order in which their applications are
received ; provided^ however ^ that veterans shall have precedence
in such notification.

CIVIL SERA^CE RULES. 81

Examination,
Rule XX.

1. All examinations shall be absolutely impartial, practical ^"J.™^***®"'
in their character, and with paramount regard to matters which no^c® <>'•' i
will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons
examined for the service which they seek to enter.

2. No question in any examination shall relate to political ?^'^**<** ^' ™-

^ •' *^ llgiouH opinions

or religious opinions or affiliations, and no appointment or »<>* ^ innuence

. «, »ppolntmenta.

selection to an office, or for employment withm the scope of
these rules, shall be in any manner affected or influenced by
such opinions or affiliations.

3. The examinations shall be held at such times and places Time and place

., . . 1 • ^ 1 A- ^1 - of examination.

as the commissioners may designate, and proper notice thereof
given. So far as practicable, the examination of applicants
for appointment in the service of a city shall be held therein.

Rule XXI.

1. The subjects of examination may be designated from subjects of
time to time by the commissioners, and shall be such as the design^aUar
needs of the seiTice require, and such as tend to prove the Feb?if Soo!'
qualifications of the applicant for the office sought, and for

this purpose the commissioners may subdivide any of the
classes provided under the rules.

2. Proficiency in any subject shall be credited in grading How graded,
the standing of the person examined, in proportion to the

value of a knowledge of such subject in the branch or part of
the service which the applicant seeks to enter.

3. No one shall be entitled to be certified for appointment Must obtain

sixty -five per

whose standing upon a just grading in the examination shall be cent,
less than sixty-five percentum of proficiency in such of the
subjects of the examination as may be designated by the com-
missioners.

4. The commissioners may also order examinations upon Examinations
other subjects of a technical or special character, to test the ekiu and expert-
capacity which may be needed in any part of the classified Quired?
service which requires peculiar information or skill. Exami-
nations hereunder may be competitive or non-competitive. The
application for, and notice of, the special examinations, the
records thereof, and the certification of those found competent,
shall be such as the commissionei*s may prescribe.

ence are re-

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Pbysieal
exAminatioiiB.

By whom mmde.
Amendment.*
Oct. 1, 1894.

Additional

physical

examination.

Rule XXII.

1. Where physical qualifications are necessary, the com-
missioners will provide for examinations to determine them.

2. The examinations to test the physical soundness of appli-
cants for positions in the classified service shall be made by the
medical examiners, if for the Commonwealth service, and by
the city physicians, or their assistants, if for city service, and
by the town pliysician, if for town service, unless the commis-
sioners shall appoint a physician to conduct such examinations.
The results of such examinations shall be certified on blanks
furnished by the commissioners.

3. Each applicant in any of said classes may be required to
undergo such further physical examination as the commission-
ers may prescribe, adapted to ascertain his special fitness for
the service for which he has applied. Any such examination
shall be made by a suitable examiner, to be designated by the
commissionei's, and the result shall be recorded upon blanks
provided for the purpose.

When exam>
ined, applicants
shall be graded.

Veterans
eligible without
examination.
Amendment.
Feb. 16, 1897.

Eligible two
years.

Amendment.
Feb. 1, 1900.

Persons exam*
ined may have
a certlfloate.

Eligible List.

Rule XXni.

1. Those examined shall be marked and graded, and shall
have their grade entered upon a register. Separate registers
may be kept of those seeking to enter any part of the service
in which special qualifications are required.

2. Every veteran applying for appointment without exam-
ination, who shall have furnished satisfactory evidence that he
possesses the qualifications claimed in his application, shall
have his name entered upon an eligible list without examination.

3. No person shall remain eligible more than two years
upon any eligible list.

4. When a person has been regularly certified and appointed
under the rules, and then suspended from employment, he may
at any time within one year of such suspension, if within two
years of the time his name was placed upon the eligible list,
have his name restored to such list, to the same effect as though
not certified.

Rule XXIV.

The commissioners may give to any person examined a cer-
tificate of his or her marking.

CIVIL SERVICE RULfS. 83

Requisition and Cebtification.

Rule XXV.

Whenever there is a vacancy to be fiUed in the classified ser- RequiBiidon.
vice, the appointing officer shall make requisition upon the
commissioners for the names of eligible persons. The term
^^ appointing officer" in these rules shall mean and include any
and all persons and boards having the power of appointment.

Rule XXVI.

1. Whenever any appointing officer shall make requisition, Certifioation of
not expressly calling for women, the commissioners shall certify Amendment!"*"
only the names of all veterans who have passed the examination ® '

for the position sought, in the order of the respective standing
of such veterans upon the eligible list, and the position must
be filled by the appointment and employment of some veteran
so certified, before the names of persons not veterans can be
certified ; and in case there is no such veteran upon the list,
then the commissioners shall cei*tify the names of the three
most eligible persons not veterans upon the list. In case
such officer shall in the requisition request the certification
of women, the commissioners shall certify the names of the
three women most eligible.

2. The appointment and employment shall be made from Appointment
the list of names so certified, subject to the provisions of the
following section : —

3. Whenever any appointing officer shall in the requisition Cemflcation
80 request, the names of any or all veterans registered shall be
certified, and any of the veterans so certified may be appointed

and employed in the office or position sought.

Rule XXVH.

Whenever the commissioners are notified that proficiency in Certification of
any special subject is needed in the position to be filled, they Amendment,
may certify the names of three persons on the eligible list hav- * * '
ing the highest standing (not being below the minimum of
sixty-five) in such special subject, or they may certify from
any list of eligibles in any class, if by them deemed suitable.

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

No person to b«
certified more
than three
times, except,
etc.

Certification,
method of.

Rule XXVin.

1. No person on any register shall be certified more than
three times for the same ofRce, except upon the request in writing
of the appointing officer ; provided^ liowever^ if the office requires
special or expert qualifications, persons may, in the discretion
of the commissioners, be certified more than three times.

2. In any requisition to fill one vacancy, three names shall
be certified. In case the appointing officer shall make requisi-
tion to fill more than one vacancy, the number of eligibles
therefor shall be certified as follows : for two vacancies, four
names ; for three vacancies, five names ; then for each multiple
of three vacancies, the same multiple of five names ; for one
vacancy over a multiple of three, three names additional to
those prescribed for such multiple ; for two vacancies over a
multiple of three, four names in addition to those prescribed
for such multiple ; ^)rovidecZ, however^ veterans shall be certified
as hereinbefore provided.

3. When certification of three names is made to fill one va-
cancy, each of the three persons so certified shall be charged
with one certification. When certification of four names is
made to fill two vacancies, each of the persons so certified shall
be charged with two certifications. When certification is made
to fill three or more vacancies, each of the persons so certified
shall be charged with three certifications.

4. Whenever an appointing officer, who shall have made a
requisition to fill a certain number of vacancies, shall appoint
a smaller number than that of the vacancies named by him, he
shall not make the selection from the whole number certified to
him, but only from that number of names standing highest upon
said list that would have been certified to him had the requisi-
tion stated the number of vacancies which he actually filled.

Rule XXIX.

^**- In case any law, regulation, or requisition shall call for per-

sons of one sex, tliose of that sex shall be certified ; otherwise,
sex shall be disregarded in certification.

Rule XXX.

Sditf?'i°°°' Upon proof satisfactory to the commissioners of the advisa-
nameii. biUty of SO doing, they may certify an additional name ; but

CIVIL SEEVICE RULES. 85

in every suck case the reason for so doing shall be. stated in
such certification.

Appointment.

Rule XXXI.

No person shall be appointed in the classified service in the Appointment,
first division except in the manner provided in these rules.

Rule XXXII.

No person serving temporarily, or as a substitute, special f^JSaS^****! «
or supernumerary official, under whatever designation, in any pornumerartes.
position in the classified service, shall be appointed to any *'«*>• 1. 1«».
permanent position Avithout requisition and due certification ;
provided, however, that, where a reserve police force has been
established by law in any city, any member thereof may be ap-
pointed to the regular police force of such city without exami-
nation or certification, if he shall have served at least six
months upon the reserve police force.

Rule XXXIII.

1. In the selection from the persons whose names are cer- Appointing
tified by the commissioners, the appointing officer, upon written furnished with
requisition therefor, will be furnished with tbe applications, the pipSra^etc!*
certificates and examination papers of the persons certified ;

and, in the exercise of his responsible power of selection, he
may summon personally before him the certified person's for
such inquiries as he may deem proper. All papers furnished
upon requisition as above must be returned to the commission-
ers with the notice of selection.

2. The appointing officer, if the vacancy is filled, must ap- Appointment,
point and employ a person from the list certified under these

iTiles.

3. No person shall be regarded as appointed within the re-
quirement of these rules, unless he is notified of his appoint-
ment, and, if he accepts the position, is actually employed.

Rule XXXIV.

In cases where there is no suitable eligible list and the proviaionai
commissioners are unable to comply with the requisition, they SmSndmenu
may, in their discretion, allow a provisional appointment, which ^^*' ^* ^*^'

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Orlgloal ap-
polntmenCB
shall be for a
probationary
period.

may continue until a list of eligibles is obtained by examiii»-
tion, or they may authorize the appointing officer to select a
suitable person, who shall be subjected to a non-competitive
examination, and, if found qualified, shall be certified for ap-
pointment; provided, however, that, whenever practicable, a
competitive examination of applicants for the office shall be
held.

Rule XXXV.

Every original appointment and employment in the per-
manent service in the first division shall be for the probationary
period of six months ; at the end of which time, if the conduct
and capacity of the person appointed have been found satis-
factory to the appointing officer, the probationer shall be abso-
lutely appointed or employed, but othei'wise be deemed out of
the service.

Rule XXXVI.

to^betfotiflSf'of Every officer having the power of appointment to any posi-
peraon aeiected, ^Jqq Jq ^.Jj^ gj.g^ division shall, withiu ten days, give notice in

writing to the commissioners of the name and place of resi-
dence of any person appointed and employed in such position,
of the rejection of any such person during or after probation,
and of the transfer, promotion, resignation or removal, dis-
charge or death, of any person serving under him, with the
dates thereof.

Reappointment.

ReappolDtment,
no examination
for.

Amendment.
Feb. 16, 1897.

Itelnstatement
of perKons dis-
mlstted.
Amendment.
Feb. 16, 1897. .

Rule XXXVII.

1. No examination shall be required upon a reappointment
of any person to the same office immediately upon the expira-
tion of his term of office.

2. Any person appointed to and employed in any position in
the first division of the classified service, who shall be found
or certified to the commissioners by the proper authorities to
have been dismissed or separated therefrom without fault or
delinquency on his part, may be reinstated without further ex-
amination, in the same part or grade of such service, within six
months next following such dismissal or separation.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 87

Temporary Service.

Rule XXXVHI.

1. Appointments in the firat division for temporary service No person ihau
shall be made in accordance with the civil service rales, except temporary ser^'
in case of emergency, where the public business would suffer regtdariy certi.
from delay in filling the position as herein provided. In no Am'endmentr**
case shall such appointment or employment for an emergency ^^' ^* ^^^^
continue for more than ten days, and no reappointment or em-
ployment of the same person, or of another to the same posi-
tion at the end of such period, shall be allowed. In every

such case the officer making the appointment, or furnishing the
employment, shall report the same to the commissioners within
five days, with the reason therefor and the time for which the
temporary appointment or employment is necessary.

2. If for any sufficient reason it shall be impracticable to ProviBioiua ap.
certify the names of persons who have passed a competitive certain easee.
examination in due season for any appointment or employment

in any position in the first division, the commissioners may pro-
vide for a provisional appointment by non-competitive examina-
tion or otherwise.

Transfer.

Rule XXXIX.

1. Transfer within the classified ser\'ice without examina- Transfer wttb-
tion may be made from a position in one department, office or tion.
institution, to a similar position in another department, office

or institution, upon the consent in writing of the heads of the
respective departments, offices or institutions ; provided^ kow'
ever^ that no person shall be transferred from classes 3 or 4 of
Schedule A, who has never passed an examination under the
rules, which entitles him to be placed on an eligible list for the
position to which he desires transfer.

2. Police officers of a city may be furnished to serve the
authorities of any other place, as provided by statute, without
requisition upon, or notice to, the commissioners.

8. A person in one class of the first division may be trans- Amendment,
ferred upon non-competitive examination to a position in any * ' *
other class, provided such person shall have served at least one
year in the former position, including any time of probationary
service.

8«

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Amendment.
Oct. 1,1894.

Veterans pre-
ferred In pro-
motion.
Amendment.
Sept. 1, 1900.

Promotion.

Rule XL.

1. Promotions, within the several schedules and classes of
the first division of the classified service, except as hereinafter
provided, shall, so far as practicable, be made by successive
grades, and may be by competitive or non-competitive examina-
tion ; provided, however , that no person shall be promoted who
has not passed such examination as may be required by the
commissioners, and has not served at least one year in the
lower position.

2. Promotions in class 2 of Schedule B may be by competi-
tive or non-competitive examination; provided, however, that
promotions from the call to the permanent force shall be made
only through competition with all applicants for said force,
except as provided in chapter 256 of the Acts of 1896.

3. Promotions in class 3 of Schedule B shall, so far as prac-
ticable, be by successive grades and by competitive or non-
competitive examination, as the commissioners may determine ;
provided, however, that no special, supernumerary, substitute,
reserve, or temporary police officer, under whatever designation
(unless a permanent reserve force in any city is established by
act of the Legislature), shall be promoted to the regular or per-
manent force, or assigned to permanent duty, except after com-
petition with all applicants for said force.

4. Promotions in class 4, Schedule B, shall, so far as practi-
cable, be by successive grades and through competitive or non-
competitive examination.

5. Promotions in classes 5 and 6, Schedule B, may be made
through non-competitive examination.

6. Promotions in class 8 of Schedule B may be made w^ith-
out examination; provided, however, that no person shall be
promoted or transferred from a position in a furnace-heated
school to a steam-heated school without having passed a suita-
ble examination in the care and handling of steam.

7. In all cases of promotion under this rule, any veteran
in the grade from which the promotion is to be made shall be
entitled to apply for examination, and upon passing the exam-
ination shall be preferred in such promotion, and any unexam-
ined veteran may be appointed to the position.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 89

OmCES NOT INCLUDED IN RuLES.

Rule XLI.
Upon the I'equest of any officer or board having the power Appucanta for

i» • /v% > • . I • HI OmC6B DOt

of appointment to any office or position in the service of the covered by

.^tm fill All nriAV D^

Commonwealth, or any of the cities thereof, to which these examined,
rules do not apply, the commissioners will furnish names from
any list of eligible persons to fill a vacancy in such office or
position ; or they will, whenever practicable, hold competitive
or non-competitive examinations for such office or position.

SECOND DIVISION.

Labor Service.

The following rules relating to the labor service are estab-
lished under authority of chapter 320 of the Acts of the Legis-
lature of 1884, and also of section 6 of chapter 517 of the Acts
of 1896, and in enforcement of said acts.

Rule XLII.

1. The word *' laborer" in these rules shall be construed to Amendment,
include mechanics, cngiueei*s, janitors other than those classi- Laborer, term
fied in the first division, laborers, whether skilled or unskilled, ® ° *
under whatever designation, and boys employed in the labor

service of any city.

2. The labor service shall constitute the second division of ciaaaiiication.
the civil service. Under it there shall be two schedules,
Schedule C and Schedule D. Schedule C shall include all
laborers as herein defined, in the employ of the city of Boston,

to be designated as the labor service of Boston. Schedule D
shall include all laborers as herein defined in the employ of any
city other than Boston to which these rules are or may become
applicable, to be designated as the labor seiTice of such city.

3. The commissioners shall provide for the registration and RegiatraUon.
certification of laborers in the city of Boston, and in other

cities to which the labor rules are or may become applicable.

4. In Schedule D the commissioners may, in their discretion,
discontinue registration and certification whenever a city shall

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

fail to appropriate such sum of money as, in their opinion, is
necessary to provide for the full enforcement of all rales and
regulations relating to the labor service of such city. Notice
of their action in each case shall be certified to the authorities
of such city and shall be published in one or more newspapers
therein.

Labor Application.

Where regis-
terad.

Must be
oiUzeDs.

Vender of
liquor cannot
apply.

Application
eupported by
oertmcatea.

Laborers, how
registered.
Amendment.
Feb. 15, 1897.

Rule XLIII.

1. Laborers shall apply for registration at the civil service
labor office in the city where they seek employment.

2. Applicants must be citizens of the United States, who
have resided in the Commonwealth for one year and in the city
in which they seek employment for the six months next preced-
ing the date of the application, except in special cases, where
the commissioncra are unable to obtain a sufficient number of
citizens and residents to meet the demands of the departments.

3. No application will be received from a vender of intoxi-
cating liquor, or from any person habitually using intoxicating
beverages to excess, or any person who within the year preced-
ing his application has been convicted of any offence against
the laws of this Commonwealth.

4. Every application must be supported by certificates of
good character, and any false statement knowingly made by
any applicant for labor sei*vice, or any connivance at any false
statement made in any certificate accompanying his application,
or any complicity in any fraud, shall be good cause for remov-
ing his name from the register, or for his discharge after em-
ployment. No applicant shall remain eligible more than one
year from the date of his registration, except upon personal
application for a renewal. The commissioners, for due cause,
may reject any application for such renewal.

5. Every applicant who produces satisfactory evidence of
his capacity for labor and his habits as to industry and sobriety
shall be registered in the order of his application. He shall state
under oath his (1) name, (2) age, (3) residence, (4) citizenship,
(5) the number and relationship of persons depending upon
him for support, (6) service as a veteran, (7) previous occupa-
tion, (8) personal description, and such other information as
may be required.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 91

6. Every applicant shall file a certificate, signed by two App"^°'*^«^
reputable citizens, to the effect that he is qualified to perform cates.

1. ■, . . - Amendment.

the labor sought. Every applicant claiming preference as a Feb.i5,i897.
veteran shall also produce satisfactory evidence of the fact.

7. When the applicant desires to be registered for any other
service than that of common laborer, he will be required to fur-
nish a certificate from some competent person or persons of his
ability to do the kind of work for which he alleges capacity,
and for which he desires to be certified, and he may file addi-
tional certificates of capacity for special service.

8. In case any applicant shall present any certificate in re-
gard to his qualifications in previous work inconsistent with his
application or previous certificates, the commissioners may re-
fuse to register him, or may remove his name, if registered,
from the list.

9. No certificate from an employing oflflcer in regard to the ^^^^J^^ ''*™
capacity of a laborer applying for registration shall be received, J™®*'',
unless the laborer has been legally employed in the depart- Feb. i6,i8»7.
meut, and the employing ofiScer has an ofiScial knowledge of

his capacity.

10. In case any applicant is found by the commissioners to Removal from
be unfit or in any way disqualified to perform the service which

he seeks, his name shall not be entered on the register, and, if
on the register, shall be removed therefrom, and the reason
shall be endorsed on the application.

n. The commissioners may in their discretion provide and JJ^jJltton*
require examination regarding the qualifications of any appli- p^'is^iISt'
cant.

Labor Requisition and Certification.

Rule XLIV.

L When laborers are required, the employing officer shall ^ifi^uon.*^*^
make requisition upon the commissioners, stating the number y^^js^lSj'.
of men wanted, the precise nature of the labor in which they
are to be employed and the time and place of employment.
Upon such notice, the commissioners shall certify the names of
any and all veterans upon the eligible list, and the employment
must be made from the list so certified ; provided that, after the
employment of veterans, in case there is not a sufficient number
of veterans so registered and qualified for the required labor,

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Requisition for
young men.
Amendment.
Feb. 16, 1807.

When unable to
fill requlBition.

the commissioDers shall certify twice the number of men called
for, over and above the number of veterans, if any, certified,
making an impartial selection, giving preference, firsts to those
who have worked satisfactorily for three months or more in the
department, and, second^ to those having families dependent
upon them for suppoit.

2. In case the employing officer shall in the requisition cer-
tify that the labor to be performed is so arduous as to require
the services of young and vigorous men, and shall designate a
maximum age limit, the commissioners may in their discretion
recognize such age limit.

8. Whenever the commissioners shall be unable to fill a requi-
sition, they may authorize the employing officer to make the
selection. The persons so selected shall, before being em-
ployed, present themselves at the civil service labor office, in
their city, for registration in the manner and under the miles
and regulations prescribed for applicants, and be certified by
the commissioners, and such persons shall not be employed at
any other kind of work than that for which they were selected,
until after they shall have been continuously so employed for at
least three months.

Employment
from lUt certi-
fied.

(Certification of
veterans.

Method of
selection.

Labor Employment.

Rule XLV.

1. The selection and employment shall be made from the
list certified, and the employing officer shall, before selecting
or employing any other person, fii'st employ from the list of
veterans certified, and the names of those employed shall be
returned to the commissioners within five days after such
employment.

2. Whenever the employing officer shall request the certifi-
cation of any or all veterans registered for any particular kind
of work, they shall be certified, and any of the veterans so cer-
tified may be employed.

3. Whenever an employing officer, who shall have made a
requisition for a certain number of laborers, shall employ a
smaller number, he shall not make the selection from the whole
list certified to him, but only from that number of names
standing highest on the list tbat would have been certified to
him had the requisition stated the number of men which he

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 93

actually employs under the certification, except in the case of
the certification of veterans, when he may employ any veteran
certified.

4. Upon proof to the commissionera that a person certified ^dJiJJJSJjj®" °'
as a laborer is unsuitable for the work, the commissioners may n^mes.
certify an additional name.

5. When the employing oflftcer has selected and employed Return of
such of the persons named in said list as he may require, he employed,
shall within five days after their employment return to the com-
missioners' ofiSce a list of the persons so selected and employed,
stating the kind of work for which they have been employed.

In case any of the persons certified fail to respond or decline
the employment offered, or withdraw from the service without
good cause, the names and registered numbers of such persons
shall be returned to the commissioner, with a statement of the
facts ; and the names of such persons shall be taken from the
register, unless a satisfactory explanation of the failure or re-
fusal to work is given.

Emebgency.

Rule XLVI. .

In cases of emergency which cannot be foreseen, where the Selection in
department would suffer from delay in filling a vacancy in the genoy.
labor service, as herein provided, the employing officer may FS?ift,"iw7l
temporarily employ persons, without requisition ; provided^ how*
every that in no case shall such temporary employment continue
for more than five days, and no re-employment of the same per-
son at the end of such period shall be allowed. And in every
such case the ofiflcer shall report the employment to the commis-
sioners within five days, with the reason therefor.

Suspension and Transfer.

Rule XLVII.

1 . Any laborer suspended and not actually employed in the Suspension for
department in which he is enrolled shall at the end of six Am^ndnSlit.
months be deemed to be out of the service, and shall not be there- ^^^' ^** ^^^'
after employed, except after registration and certification by the
commissioners ; and the employing officer shall forthwith report
to the commissioners the name of any laborer so suspended ;

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Not to be em.
ployed Id work
other than that
for which
certiHed.
Amendmenta,
Feb. 16, 1807,
and Feb. 1,1900.

ReinBtatement.
Amendment.
Feb, 15, 1897.

provided^ however^ that this provision shall not apply to
veterans.

2. No laborer shall be employed in work other than that
for which he is certified until after actual and continuous em-
ployment therein for at least three months ; provided^ however^
that this provision shall not apply to veterans.

3. Heads of departments may, with the consent of the com-
missioners, transfer laborer from one department to another,
upon previous notice to the commissioners, provided such
laborers have been continuously employed in the same work in
the same department for which they were certified for at least
three months.

Reinstatement.

Rule XLVIII.

Any laborer who shall be found by the commissioners to
have been dismissed or separated from the seiTice without fault
or delinquency on his part may, upon request of the employing
officer, be reinstated in such service in the same department
within three months next following such dismissal or separation.

Dischargee.

Labor Discharge.

Rule XLIX.

1. When a person is discharged from the labor service for
"loitering," "incompetence," "insubordination," "unsatis-
factory work," or any equivalent cause, unless the charge is
disproved, he shall not be eligible for registration again for a
period of at least six months from the date of such discharge.
At the end of that time he can apply for registration on the
same basis as other citizens ; and, in case he is registered, he
shall not be eligible to certification to the department from
which he was discharged except with the written consent of the
head of that department.

2. When a person is discharged from said service for " in-
toxication," and the charge is not disproved, he shall not be eli-
gible for registration again for a period of at least a year from
the date of such discharge ; and his registration then will be
subject to the conditions above prescribed.

3. In case a person is discharged a second time for good
cause he shall not be eligible for registration again, except by
special vote of the commissioners.

CIVIL SERVICE RULES. 95

The foregoing rales, prepared by the Civil Service Commis-

sioners, are hereby transmitted to the Governor and Council

for their approval.

CHAS. THEO. RUSSELL,

CHAS. H. PORTER,

WINTHROP L. MARVIN,

CivH Service Commissioners,
Dbobmbbb, 1901.

Approved in Council, Dec. 24, 1901.

E. F. HAMLIN,

Executive Secretary.
A true copy.

Attest: WARREN P. DUDLEY,

Secretary of Civil Service Commissioners,

Due notice has been given that the foregoing Civil Service
Rules will go into operation on the first day of March, A.D.
1902.

96 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL 8EBVICE.

REGULATIONS

ADOPTED BT THV

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONERS.

[Dec. 27, 1901.]

Chief Examiner.

• 1. The chief examiner shall, so far as practicable, attend the
examinations held by the several boards of examiners.

2. He shall take care to secure accuracy, uniformity and Jus-
tice in jthe proceedings of all examiners and boards of examiners
under the rules and regulations ; and such proceedings and all
papers appertaining thereto shall at all times be open to him. He
shall also, from time to time, inspect the proceedings and papers
connected with examinations under the civil service rules, and
shall make report of such inspection to the commissioners.

3. He shall prepare and submit to the commissioners proper
schemes for examinations, and forms for blanks and records.

4. He shall take care that the rules and regulations are com-
plied with, and shall bring any case of their infraction, or of
injustice or irregularity, observed by him, to the attention of
the commissioners. It shall be his duty, from time to time, to
confer with the heads .of departments, offices and institutions
of the Commonwealth, and the several cities thereof, concern-
ing the regularity, sufficiency and convenience of the examinations
for the sei-vice under them. He shall perform such other appro-
priate duties as may be specified in these regulations, or otherwise
assigned to him by the commissioners.

Secretary.

5. The secretary shall keep the records of the proceedings of
the commissioners, and have charge of, and be responsible for,
the safe keeping of the books, records, papers and other property
in their office. He shall make such certification as the commis-
sioners may direct of those eligible for appointment or employ-

REGULATIONS. 97

ment. He shall generally conduct the correspondence of the
commissioners, and perform such other appropriate duties as they
may assign to him.

Registrar of Labor.

6. The registrar of labor shall keep the records of his office
and be responsible for the safe keeping of records, books, papers
and other property in the labor office ; he shall make proper certi-
fications of tliose eligible for employment in the labor service, and
he shall generally superintend the work of the office and super-
vise the administration of the civil service rules applicable to the
classified labor serN'^ice.

Examiners.

7. Regular boards of examiners shall consist of not less than
three nor more than five membei's, one of whom shall act as
secretary ; and a majority of any board may conduct an examina-
tion in the absence of the other members.

8. The board of examiners for each city shall promptly notify
the commissioners of the need of holding an examination in and
for such city ; and thereupon the chief examiner shall, under the
direction of the commissioners, issue authority therefpr, and shall
prepare questions and supei'vise the other preliminary arrange-
ments.

9. The boards of examiners shall conduct the examinations,
and estimate and mark the standing of the persons examined, or
in a non-competitive examination shall mark the qualifications of
the person examined.

10. Special boai-ds will be selected, and special regulations for
examinations will be issued by the commissioners when expedient.

11. No examiner or person seizing under the commissioners
shall attempt to influence the selection of any person for the
civil service.

12. The examiners shall preserve order and decorum at exami-
nations, and prevent any interference, by conversation or other-
wise, with those under examination.

13. Each examiner will exercise diligence in securing fairness
and preventing collusion and fraud in the examinations.

14. No examiner shall disclose, unless by consent of those
examined, the results of the examination.

15. Any person, after receiving official notification of his
standing, as ascertained by a competitive examination, may, in
person or by duly authorized agent, inspect his examination
papers.

16. Complaints of any injustice or unfairness on the part of

98 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

any examiner or examining board, or by any one acting under the
commissioners, may be made in writing to the commissioners, who
will act as substantial justice in the premises may require.

17. Each examiner shall be entitled to receive from the appro-
priation for the expenses of administering the civil service law
twenty cents for each applicant whose examination he shall attend,
and twenty cents additional for each set of examination papers he
shall mark ; the total number of papers prepared by one applicant
being considered a set. For the additional service rendered by
the secretary of each board of examiners of cities other than Bos-
ton, in registering the eligibles, certifying the same, conducting
necessary correspondence, and in other ways, he shall be entitled
to receive from the same appropriation the additional sum of
twenty-five cents for each eligible so registered. [3, 24, '93.]

18. No person shall act as examiner in any examination of
applicants for admission to the classified civil service, when he is
an applicant or an eligible for a position in the class for which the
examination is being held. [12, 21, '94.]

Competitive Examination.

19. Applicants must present themselves punctually at the times
and places specified in their official notices to attend, and they will
be admitfed to examination upon the production of such notices.

20. Each applicant in a competitive examination shall fii*st be
presented with a declaration paper, on which he will write his
name, age, residence, examination number, etc., after which he
will place it in an envelope, seal the envelope, and thereafter he
shall mark each paper with his examination number only. The
envelope shall not be opened until after all his examination papers
are mai'ked.

21. The sheets of queations will be numbered, and will be
given out in the order of their numbers, each after the first being
given only when the competitor has returned to the examiners the
last sheet given to him. In general, no examination shall extend
beyond five hours. Each applicant must complete his examination
on the obligatory subjects before taking up any of the optional
subjects.

22. The subjects of, and the time allowed for, the examination,
will be announced before the first paper is given out.

23. Applicants for appointment in classes 2 and 4, Schedule
B (the fire and police departments of the city of Boston), shall
be examined to test their physical soundness, and no one who fails
to pass such examination shall be eligible for appointment.

24. Each applicant who shall have passed such examination,
and also the educational examination, shall be required to undergo

REGULATIONS. 99

such further physical examination as the commissioDers may from
time to time prescribe, adapted to ascertain his special fitness for
the service for which he has applied.

25. Such examination shall be made by a physical examiner,
to be appointed by the commissioners, and shall be recorded upon
blanks provided for the purpose, upon which each required quali-
fication shall be entered, and shall be marked with the percentage
of excellence which the several applicants shall respectively be
found to possess.

26. The percentage of each qualification shall be multiplied by
the weight prescribed for each by the commissioners ; and the
quotient found by the division of the aggregate of value so arrived
at, of each applicant, by the aggregate of weights shall constitute
the percentage of condition of such applicant.

27. When an applicant for police or fire service in Boston fails
to obtain sixty-five per cent, in either strength tests or develop-
ment, he shall not be re-examined in those subjects until after he
has filed a new application and undergone another examination as
a new applicant. [1, 9, '91.]

28. To determine the standing of applicants for appointment
in Class 4, Schedule B (the police force of Boston), equal weight
shall be given to the physical and educational examinations ; in
Class 2, Schedule B (the fire force of Boston), the comparative
weight to be given to each of such examinations shall be three to
two. [1, 30, '94,]

29. Applicants for fire service in Boston, who have passed the
examination and are on the eligible list for ap[K)intment to the
permanent substitute force, may be certified for appointment to
the call force upon the percentage obtained in their educational
examination : provided^ however^ that such certification, or appoint-
ment in the call force, shall not affect their standing on the eligible
list for the permanent substitute force.

30. Applicants for positions as watchmen and turnkeys in the
State Prison and Massachusetts Reformatory shall undergo such
physical examination as the commissioners may prescribe.

NON-COMPETmVE EXAMINATIONS.

31. In cases where a non-competitive examination may be
needed, either to test the capacity of applicants for any part of
the service which requires peculiar information or skill, or to fill a
position for which there are no suitable candidates on the eligible
list, or for promotion, or temporary appointment, or otherwise,
the commissioners will provide for such examination.

32. Applicants for non-competitive examinations shall fill out
and make oath to the proper application paper (without certifl-

100 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

cates) ; but any person named by the appointing power for non-
competitive examination may file such paper at any time before
undergoing the examination.

33. The non-competitive examination shall conform, as nearly
as practicable, in subject, questions and marking, to the competi-
tive examination of the same grade.

34. Non-competitive examinations shall, in the absence of any
special regulations to the contrary, be conducted by the chief
examiner, and the papers marked by him with the assistance of
such person as he may select.

Special Examinations.

35. Applications for any special examination must be made in
the form prescribed by the commissioners, and must be accom-
panied by certificates, as required in cases of ordinary applications.

36. Whenever a special examination is to be held, proper
notice shall be given by advertisement or otherwise.

37. Each special examination shall embrace the subjects ap-
proved by the commissioners, after consultation with the head
of the office concerned, or the special examining board for such
office ; and shall, so far as appropriate, be conducted under the
general regulations, as to the marking of examination papers and
the grading of persons examined.

38. A special record of applicants, and a special register of
eligible persons, shall be kept for each part of the service, or
office requiring special examinations; and when the commis-
sioners or the proper examining board shall be notified by the
appointing officer of a vacancy in such part of the service, certi-
fication shall be made to him of the names of the three persons
graded highest on the special list of persons eligible for the
same.

39. In case competent special applicants do not apply, after
suitable notice, the appointing officer may be authorized to select
a person for non-competitive examination.

Marking.

40. Each examination paper shall be reviewed by a majority
of the examiners conducting the examination ; and, in any case of
disagreement, the average of the markings made on any question
or paper by all shall be the final marking on such question or
paper.

41. The papers in each subject shall, whenever practicable,
be examined, compared and marked before the papers in another
subject are examined.

REGULATIONS.

101

42. The marking of each question or subject shall be made on
a scale of 100, which shall represent entire accuracy. Hand-
writing will be judged by its legibility, uniform and correct
formation of letters and ease of execulHon. Upon a comparison
of the handwriting of all, the best and worst should be fii*st
determined, and the two extremes of the scale thus fixed ; the
others should be marked relatively to them. In writing from
dictation or copying from manuscript, the omission, repetition
or substitution of words, the erasures, blots and other evidences
of carelessness, will reduce the marking below 100. Abstracts or
summaries of documents, and letter-writing, will be marked as in
handwriting, by determining the best and worst examples ; and
the examiners, having marked these, will then mark tfie others
proportionately.

43. In each of the other subjects, each question shall be marked
on a scale of 100 ; and the sum of such markings, divided by the
number of questions in that subject, shall determine the standing
on such subject.

44. In marking the examination papers of applicants for police,
prison and fire service, orthography shall not be marked as a
subject to which a special weight is attached ; but erroi^ in
orthography shall be taken into account in marking the exercises
in, copying, letter- writing and reporting.

45. The following examples show the method by which the
standing of each competitor is obtained. The weights here given
to the different subjects are not to be regarded as the standard
weights ; these, and also the subjects, will be varied to meet the
requirements of the position to be filled.

EXAMINATION OF.

(For a position in CIass 1, Schedale A.)

SUIUECTS.

Standing

on
Subject!.

Penmanship, .

Dictation,

Copymg rough draft,

Orthography,

Arithmetic, .

Composition, .

General average standing, .

Weight
given to
Subjects.

Prodact of

Weight and

Standing.

—

320
150
210
85
246
140

1,151
76.73

102

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

EXAMINATION OF.

(For a position in Class 2, Schedule A.)

SUBJECTS.

Standing

on
Subjects.

Weight
given to
Subjects.

PeDmanship, .

Dictation,

Copying rough draft,

Orthography,

Arithmetic, .

Interest and discount,

General average standing, .

Product of

Weight and

Standing.

100

—

340
180
288
100
240
160

1,298
86.63

EXAMINATION OF.

(For a poslUon in Schedule B.)

.SUBJECTS.

standing

on
Subjects.

Weight
given to
Subjects.

Product of

Weight and

Standing.

Penmanship,

Copying

Clearness and correctness of statement.

Experience, . . '

Arithmetic,

Local data ; duties,

•

70
80
75
80
70
70

2
2
3

140
160
225
240
140
210

1,115

Educational qualifications, ....
Physical qualifications, ....

—

74.33
85.

—

159.33

General average standing, .

—

79.66

It will be observed that the standing on each subject is multi-
plied by the weight given tiiat subject, and the product placed in
the third column ; the sum of these products, divided by the sum
of the weights, gives the general average standing.

REGULATIONS.

103

Eligible List.

46. The names of those found eligible shall be enrolled upon a
register in form prescribed by the commissioners.

47. Priority of date in examination will give no advantage in
position on the eligible list.

48. The names of persons placed on the eligible list in Class 2
of Schedule A (the higher clerical service) may also, upon request
in writing, be placed on the eligible list for positions in Class 1 of
Schedule A, with the same standing.

49. Persons whose names are on the eligible list for the
prison service of a city may, upon request in writing, have
their examination papers marked by the State Board of Exam-
iners ; and, if they are found qualified, their names may be placed
on the eligible list for the prison sei-vice of the Commonwealth.
Persons whose names are on the eligible list for the prison service
of the Commonwealth, who have been residents of the city in
which they reside for six months, may, upon request in writing,
have their examination papers marked by the board of examiners
for the city in which they reside ; and, if they are found qualified,
their names may be placed on the eligible list for the- prison service
of said city.

Certification.

50. Certification of eligibles under the rules shall be as fol-
lows : —

Fori

vacancy certify 3 names.

vacancies

(€

For 11 vacancies certify 19 names.

General Provisions.

51. In case a person upon any register shall, by reason of
ill-health or physical incapacity, in the judgment of the commis-
sioners, become manifestly disqualified for tiie service for which he
or she is registered, the commissioners may direct that such per-
son be not certified ; and the commissioners must be informed bv
the proper examining boards of each case of such disqualification.

104 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

52. The applicant affected by such suspension, or refusal of
an examination, may make complaint in writing to the commis-
sioners, who will take proper action thereon.

53. The commissioners cannot advise persons as to vacancies
in the service, nor furnish any information as to the duties,
salaries, course of promotion, or other conditions of positions and
offices, except such as may be found in printed regulations. No
advice can be given as to the course of preparation that applicants
should follow, nor can specimens of the examination papers be
furnished.

54. Every application paper and accompanying certificates will
remain on file in the office of the commissioners or boards of
examiners, and under no circumstances or conditions will the
originals be returned to the applicant.

INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINERS. 105

SPECIAL mSTRUCTION^S TO EXAMn^RS.

The members of a Board of Civil Service fixaminera will meet
as soon as practicable, and organize the Board, choosing a chair-
man and secretary.

On receiving notice of such organization, the commissioners
will forward to the secretary of the Board the application blanks,
copies of the rules and regulations, and such other books, docu-
ments and papers as may be needful.

Each person filing an application blank should be furnished
also with a copy of the rules and regulations.

When an application paper is presented by an applicant in per-
son, the secretary should examine it at the time, if he can do so
conveniently, and, if it is properly filled out, he should note upon
the back, in ink, the date and hour when received. If it is not
properly filled out, the attention of the applicant should be called
to the fact, and he should be directed to have the application
paper corrected.

If an incomplete application paper is received by mail, it should
be returned to the applicant, accompanied by a notice to correct
the same.

The applications, if found satisfactory, should be numbered
serially in the order in which they are received. They should be
entered in the record of applications, in the order of their numbers.

Any application which shows that the applicant is not, by reason
of age, lack of citizenship, proper period of residence, etc., entitled
by the law, rules and regulations to an examination must be re-
turned to him with a brief statement of the reasons for such action.
A blank form will be furnished for this purpose.

All application papers will be received, if in proper form.
Should any be received for positions in the service of the Com-
monwealth, or another city, they must be forwarded to the
commissioners.

When the application is for examination for the police sen'ice,
the secretary of the Board will furnish the applicant with a copy
of the book of instructions for police applicants, and make note of
ha/ohig done so on the application pajpf^r.

106 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Attention is called to Rule XIX., which gives precedence in
notification to veterans.

Examination blanks will be sent or brought to the Board before
an examination is to take place ; but they are not to be opened
until the Board meets in the examination room on the examination
day, and great care must be taken that they be kept in a secure
place until that time.

When all are seated, one of the Board will take from each
applicant the notice he has received to attend the examination.

The package of examination papers will then be opened, and
each applicant will be given a numbered envelope and a declaration
paper ; upon the latter are printed questions concerning his name,
age, former occupation, service as a veteran, etc. These are to
be answered in writing, and the writer will sign his name at the
bottom of the sheet. This is the only time during the examination
when the applicant will be allowed to affix his signature to a paper.
After completing the declaration paper, he will fold and enclose
it in the numbered envelope which has been given him, and then
seal the envelope.

The number on the envelope will be his examination number,
and he must write it upon each succeeding paper in the blank
space left for that purpose.

It will be well to inform the applicants that they are to be
examined in certain subjects, and state the order in which the
subjects will be given out.

The envelopes are not to be opened until after all the examination
papers have been marked and graded.

In examinations where one of the exercises consists of writing
from dictation and spelling, all the applicants will work at the
same time. In the other exercises they may consult their own
convenience as to rapidity.

As a rule there will be no general recess during the examination
hours ; but any applicant may be allowed, for sufficient reason, to
leave the room at any time when he has finished one set of ques-
tions and delivered the paper to one of the Board. No succeeding
questions shall be given him, however, until his return.

It is advisable that the full Board of Civil Service Examiners
be present at each examination ; but a majority of the Board may
conduct an examination in case of the disability or necessary
absence of the other members.

Applicants should be cautioned not to use any books of reference
or memoranda for the purpose of assisting their memories. Any
one detected in doing so may be dismissed from the examination
room. The same penalty may l:>e enforced if one applicant attempts

INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINERS. 107

to assist another, by conversation or otherwise, in answering the
qaestions given him.

Members of the Boai*d should give the applicants general expla-
nations only, and these shoald be limited to methods of procedare.

After an examination, all the papers should be taken charge of
by the secretary of the Board.

Members of local boards are cautioned against furnishing infor-
mation to any person in relation to the examinations, except in
the general way prescribed in the rules.

All unused examination papers are to be returned to the com-
missioners the day after the examination.

As soon as practicable after completing the marking and grading
of the papers, the secretary of the Board will send a certificate
to each person who was examined, if he passed the examination,
stating the standing which he obtained, as shown by the marking.
He will also send notice to each applicant who failed to pass the
examination, informing him of the fact.

In the general regulations adopted by the commissioners will be
found information as to marking and grading, and the enrolment
in the proper register of the names of those found eligible for
appointment.

The chief examiner will be present at the examination whenever
it is practicable to do so.

More specific rules for marking the examination papers will be
issued hereafter.

Necessary expenses incurred by members of the Board for
stationery, postage and actual travel, will be allowed by the
commissioners.

HENRY SHERWIN,

Chief Examiner.

108 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

INSTRUCTIONS TO APPLICANTS AND ELIGIBLES.

A person desiring to be examined for a position in the classified
service should file an application on the prescribed blank, and a
form for that purpose can be obtained at the oflSce of the commis-
sioners, room 152, State House, Boston, or of the secretary of the
local board of examiners in the city where he lives.

Applications for the service of the Commonwealth and of the
city of Boston should be filed in the commissionero' ofiSce, Boston ;
if for service in any city other than Boston they should be filed
with the secretary of the board of civil semce examiners in such
city.

Applications will be received at any time, and notice of the
time and place of examination will be seasonably sent to each
applicant. If unable to attend the first examination after apply-
ing, the applicant will, upon satisfactory explanation, be notified
to attend the next examination.

Non-competitive examinations are not given when it is practi-
cable to establish an eligible list by competition, and they are
never held at the request of an applicant.

The commissioners cannot furnish information as to the course
of preparation which applicants should follow (except as shown by
the specimen examination papers printed in their report) , nor can
they answer inquiries in relation to cases which are not before
them for decision, or decide, except in the cases of actual appli-
cants, questions respecting the application of the rules. Particular
answers cannot be given to inquiries which ar^ answered herein,
directly or by implication.

Notice will be sent by mail to each examined applicant of the
result of his examination as soon after the examination as it is
practicable to do so.

The names of persons who have passed the required examination
will remain on the eligible list two years from the date of their cer-
tificate, unless dropped therefrom after certification three times, or
removed from said list for cause.

Applicants for clerical service whose names have been placed on
the eligible list in Class 2 of Schedule A may also, ujyon refpteM in

INSTRUCTIONS TO APPLICANTS. 109

writing^ have their names placed on the eligible list for positions
in Class 1 of Schedule A, with the same standing.

Applicants for clerical service in the departments of the Com-
monwealth whose names have been placed on the eligible list may,
upon request in writing^ have their papers marked by the local
board of examiners of the city in which they reside, and their
names placed on the eligible list for senice in the departments of
sach city, and vice versa.

Persons whose names have^ been placed on the eligible list in
Class 1 of Schedule B (prison service), and who have been certi-
fied for appointment, will be subjected to a physical examination
if the appointing officer so requests.

The relative standing of any applicant as compared with that
of others on the same eligible list may be changed by the addition
of names of persons who have obtained higher standing at some
more recent examination, and the time of the examination is not
considered in making certifications.

Eligibles are certified in the order of their grade, and nothing
can help and nothing can hinder their certification for appoint-
ment in the order of eligibility as prescribed by the civil service
rules.

The commissioners are unable to answer inquiries as to vacan-
cies in the service, salaries, prospects of certification, appointment
or promotion. They know nothing of vacancies until requested
to certify names for filling them, and it can only be generally said
that the highest mark possible is 100, the lowest which gives eligi-
bility is 65, and that the nearer the applicant's mark is to 100 the
more likely it is that his name will be reached for certification.
It is wholly uncertain, therefore, when an applicant's name may
be reached for certification, and it is useless to speculate on what
his chances may be.

Applicants will save the commissioners and themselves time and
trouble by carefully reading the foregoing and preserving it for
reference,

WARREN P. DUDLEY,

Secretary,

110 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

SCHEDULE OP EXAMINATIONS.

In giving notice of the competitive examinations to be held in
the cities and towns, and at the times mentioned in the following
schedule, the commissioners reserve the right to order such addi-
tional or other examinations as the public service may require, or
to change the time of any examination upon reasonable notice.

No applicant shall have the right to examination unless the
application is filed, under the rules, at least one week before the
examination: provided^ that the commissioners or the chief ex-
aminer, for cause shown, may allow a person making an applica-
tion at a later time to take the examination.

WARREN P. DUDLEY,

Secretary,

Schedule of Examinations, bt Dates.

Jan. 2. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

2. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

3. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

3. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

4. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

4. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

i5. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

5. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

6. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

6. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

7. Milton, police, schedule B, class 3.
7. Milton, fire, schedule B, class 9.

9. Lawrence, police, schedule B, class 3.

9. Lawrence, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
10. Commonwealth, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.

10. Boston, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B.

class 6.

11. Commonwealth, sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS. Ill

Jan. 11. Boston, sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

13. Pittsfield, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
13. Pittsfield, police, schedule B, class 3.

13. Pittsfield, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.

16. Boston, drawtenders, schedule B, class 5.

17. Chelsea, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
17. Chelsea, police, schedule B, class 3.

17. Chelsea, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.

17. Cambridge, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

18. Somerville, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
20. Lawrence, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
23. Waltham, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
23. Waltham, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
26. Revere, police, schedule B, class 3.
26. Revere, fire, schedule B, class 9.

26. Hyde Park, police, schedule B, class 3.
Feb. 6. Salem, police, schedule B, class 3.

6. Salem, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B,

class 6.

7. Salem, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
13. Fitchburg, police, schedule B, class 3.

13. Fitchburg, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
15. Brockton, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
15. Brockton, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
17. Holyoke, police, schedule B, class 3.
17. Holyoke, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

17. Holyoke, schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.

18. Holyoke, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

20. Somerville, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

21. Somerville, police, schedule B, class 3.
23. Brookline, police, schedule B, class 3.

23. Brookline, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
23. Brookline, fire, schedule B, class 9.

27. Marlborough, police, schedule B, class 3.

27. Marlborough, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.

28. Commonwealth, metropolitan park police, schedule B, class 1.

112 MASSACIIUSEITS CIVIL SERVICE.

190S.

Mar. 1. Commonwealth, prison service, schedule B, class 1.

1. Boston, prison service, schedule B, class 1.

2. Lowell, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

3. Lowell, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

6. Jewell, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B,

class 6.
6. Lowell, schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.
8. Maiden, police, schedule B, class 3.
8. Maiden, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
10. Springfield, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
10. Springfield, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class .6.

13. Brookline, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
15. Medford, police, schedule B, class 3.

15. Medford, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

16. Medford, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

20. Boston, fire, schedule B, class 2.

21. Boston, police, schedule B, class 4.
27. Cambridge, fire, schedule B, class 9.

27. Cambridge, police, schedule B, class 3.
29. Lowell, police, schedule B, class 3.
31. Fall River, police, schedule B, class 3.

Apr. 3. Boston, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

4. Commonwealth, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

5. Commonwealth, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

6. Boston, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

10. Boston, stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

11. Commonwealth, stenographer-typewriters, schedule A,

class 4.

14. Chicopee, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
14. Chicopee, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

17. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

17. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

18. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.
18. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

20. Commonw^ealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

20. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

21. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.
21. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

24. Commonwealth, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

24. Boston, civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

26. Cambridge, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

28. Quincy, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS. 113

Apr. 28. Quincy, foremen of laborers, infipectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.
28. Quincy, schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.
May 1. Newton, police, schedule B, class 3.

1. Newton, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

2. Newton, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

3. Commonwealth, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.

3. Boston, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B,

class 6.

4. Commonwealth, sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

4. Boston, sub.foremen, schedule B, class 7.

8. Melrose, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

9. Melrose, police, schedule B, class 3.

9. Melrose, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
11. Brockton, police, schedule B, class 3.

15. New Bedford, police, schedule B, class 3.

16. New Bedford, fire, schedule B, class 9.
18. Springfield, police, schedule B, class 3>
22. Haverhill, police, schedule B, class 3.

22. Haverhill, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.

24. Fitchburg, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
26. Haverhill, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

June 5. Boston, schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 8.
6. Cambridge, drawtenders, schedule B, class 5.
6. Cambridge, schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.
8. North Adams, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1

and 2.
8. North Adams, police, schedule B, class 3.
8. North Adams, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,
schedule B, class 6.
Sept. 19. Marlborough, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1
and 2.

20. Boston, fire, schedule B, class 2.

21. Boston, police, schedule B, class 4.

25. Boston, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

26. Commonwealth, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

28. Commonwealth, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

29. Boston, clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.
Oct. 2. Boston, stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

3. Commonwealth, stenographer-typewriters, schedule A,
class 4.

5. Worcester, police, schedule B, class 3.

114 MASSACHUSETl^S CIVIL SERVICK.

Oct. 9. Fall River, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
10. Fall River, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedulu

B, class 6.
12. £verett, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
12. £verett, police, schedule B, class 3.

12. £verett, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

16. New Bedford, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

17. New Bedford, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.
20. Maiden, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
23. Newbuiyport, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
23. Newburyport, police, schedule B, class 3.
23. Newburyport, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.

26. Chicopee, police, schedule B, class 3.

Nov. 2. Lynn, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
6. Gloucester, police, schedule B, class 3.
6. Gloucester, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.

8. Gloucester, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

9. Wobum, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
10. Wobum, police, schedule B, class 3.

10. Wobum, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule
B, class 6.

13. Waltham, police, schedule B, class 3.
16. Lynn, police, schedule B, class 3.

16. Lynn, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B,

class 6.
20. Northampton, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1

and 2.
20. Northampton, police, schedule B, class 3.
20. Northampton, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work,

schedule B, class 6.
23. Beverly, police, schedule B, class 3.

23. Beverly, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.

24. Beverly, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

27. Somerville, fire, schedule B, class 9.
Dec. 4. Taunton, police, schedule B, class 3.

4. Taunton, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule

B, class 6.
6. Taunton, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

14. Worcester, clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

15. Worcester, foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, sched-

ule B, class 6.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS. 115

Schedule of ExAatniATioNS for the Service of the Common-
wealth AND the Several Cities.

Commonwealth .

IMS.

Jan. 2. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

8. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

4. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

5. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

6. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

10. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

11. Sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

Feb. 28. Metropolitan park police, schedule B, class 1.
Mar. 1. Prison service, schedule B, class 1.
Apr. 4. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.
5. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.
11. Stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

17. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

18. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

20. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

21. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.
24. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

May 3. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

4. Sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.
Sept. 26. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.
28. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.
Oct. 3. Stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

Boston,

Jan. 2. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

3. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

4. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

5. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

6. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

10. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

11. Sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

16. Drawtenders, schedule B, class 5.
Mar. 1. Prison service, schedule B, class 1.

20. Fire, schedule B, class 2.

21. Police, schedule B, class 4.

Apr. 3. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.

6. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

10. Stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

17. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

18. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.
20. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

116 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Apr. 21. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

24. Civil engineers, schedule B, class 13.

May 8. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

4. Sub-foremen, schedule B, class 7.

June 5. Schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 8.

Sept. 20. Fire, schedule B, class 2.

21. Police, schedule B, class 4.

25. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.
29. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.

Oct. 2. Stenographer-typewriters, schedule A, class 4.

Beverly,

Nov. 23. Police, schedule B, class 3.

23. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

24. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Brockton.

Feb. 15. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

15. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B» class 6.
May 11. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Brookline.

Feb. 23. Police, schedule B, class 3.

23. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule H, class 6.

23. Fire, schedule B, class 9.
Mar. 13. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Cambridge,

Jan. 17. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Mar. 27. Police, schedule B, class 3.

27. Fire, schedule B, class 9.

Apr. 26. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

June 6. Drawtenders, schedule B, class 5.

6. Schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.

Chelsea,

Jan. 17. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
17. Police, schedule B, class 3.
17. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Chicopee.

Apr. 14. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

14. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
Oct. 26. Police, schedule B, class 3.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS. 117

Everett,

Oct. 12. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
12. Police, schedule B, class 3.

12. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Fall River.

Mar. 31. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Oct. 9. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

10. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Fitchburg.

Feb. 13. Police, schedule B, class 3.

13. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
May 24. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Oloticesler.

Nov. 6. Police, schedule B, class 3.

6. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

8. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

HavcrhilL

May 22. Police, schedule B, class 3.

22. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
26. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Ilolyoke.

Feb. 17. Police, schedule B, class 3.

17. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

17. Schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.

18. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Uyde Park.
Jan. 26. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Latvrence.

Jan. 9. Police, schedule B, class 3.

9. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, cla.ss 6.
20. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Lowell.

Mar. 2. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 1.
3. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, class 2.
6. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
G. Schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.
29. Police, schedule B, class 3.

118 MASSACHUSETIS CIVIL SERVICE.

Lynn,

Not. 2. Clerks, messengers, schedale A, classes 1 and 2.
16. Police, schedale B, class 3.
16. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedale B, class 6.

Maiden,

Mar. 8. Police, schedale B, class 3.

8. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedale B, class 6.
Oct. 20. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Marlborough,

Feb. 27. Police, schedale B, class 3.

27. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
Sept. 19. Clerks, messengers, schedule A. classes 1 and 2.

Medford,

Mar. 15. Police, schedale B, class 3.

15. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedale B, class 6.

16. Clerks, messengers, schedale A, classes 1 and 2.

Melrose.

May 8. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

9. Police, schedule B, class 3.

9. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Milton,

Jan. 7. Police, schedule B, class 3.
7. Fire, schedule B, class 9.

New Bedford,

May 15. Police, schedule B, class 3.

16. Fire, schedule B, class 9.

Oct. 16. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

17. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Newbtiryport ,

Oct. 23. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
23. Police, schedule B, class 3.
23. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Newton,

May 1. Police, schedule B, class 3.

1. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

2. Clerks, messeno^ers, sohodvilc A, classes 1 and 2.

SCHEDULE OF EXA^UNATIONS. 119

North Adams.

June 8. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
8. Police, schedule B, class 3.
8. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Northampton.

Nov. 20. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
20. Police, schedule B, class 3.

20. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

PiUsfield,

Jan. 13. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.
13. Police, schedule B, class 3.
13. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Quincy.

Apr. 28. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

28. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
28. Schoolhouse janitors, schedule B, class 11.

Revere,

Jan. 26. Police, schedule B, class 3.
26. Fire, schedule B, class 9.

Salem.

Feb. 6. Police, schedule B, class 3.

6. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

7. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

Som>erv%lle.

Jan. 18. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
Feb. 20. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

21. Police, schedule B, class 3.
Nov. 27. Fire, schedule B, class 9.

Springfield.

Mar. 10. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

10. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
May 18. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Tminion.

Dec. 4. Police, schedule B, class 3.

4. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule ^, class 6.
6. Clerks, messenorers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

120 MASSACHUSEITS CIVIL SERVICE.

WaUham,

Jan. 23. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

23. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.
Nov. 13. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Woburn.

Nov. 9. Clerks, messengers, schedule A» <;lasses 1 and 2.
10. Police, schedule B, class 3.
10. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

Worcester.

Oct. 5. Police, schedule B, class 3.

Dec. 14. Clerks, messengers, schedule A, classes 1 and 2.

16. Foremen of laborers, inspectors of work, schedule B, class 6.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 121

EXAMINATION PAPERS.

Schedule A — Class 1.

[liimited Bzamination.]

Clerical Service,
First Subject :

Writing from dictation.

One of the examiners will read, so distinctly that each person
being examined can hear him, one of the exercises for
dictation. In general, not more than twenty woixis per
minute will be read, nor more than five or six words
without pause. After the i*eading, five minutes will be
allowed for punctuation.

[7b Applicant. Write as much as you can of the passage read.
If from any cause you miss a word, do not pause, but
go on with the next words you hear. Write dearly; spell
aiid punctuate correctly. Use no abbreviations.']

Spelling. Usually twenty words, announced by the examiner.

Rough draft. Making a fair copy of the rough draft of a letter
or report, writing out all abbreviations in full, and insert-
ing the added or corrected parts in their proper places.
No cha7iges in punctuation or capitals are to he made.

Handwriting ; shown in copying rough draft.

Second Subject :

1. Write in figures the following number : —

Two hundred six million ten thousand three and forty-three

forty-fourths.
Write in words the number expi*essed by the following

figures : — 5,003,001.0006

2. Add these across, placing the totals in the spaces indicated ;

then add the totals : —

ToUU.

21,247 15,365 20,064 18,653 7,492 35,688

18,365 14,844 9,875 22,350 32,645 24,463

12,422 13,456 27,378 8,664 17,843 18,845

21,450 19,864 31,647 22,320 4,745 23,343

27,765 18,946 22,462 5,438 34,016 18,418

122 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

8. What is the sam of ih ^^ i and ^? Give the work infuU^
using the lowest common denominator. The answer must
be a mixed number.
What fraction of a dollar mnst be added to ^ of a dollar to
make 75 cents ? Oive tJie work in fvdL The answer must
be a common fraction,

4. What is the cost of 8f tons of hay at 816^ a ton? Use

common fractions. GHve the work in full.

Reduce -J ~ r^. Give the work in full. The answer must

be a mixed number.

5. Divide four hundred twenty and fifty-six hundredths by

twelve and sixteen thousandths, and subtract 24 1 from
the amount. Use decimals. Give tlie work in full.
Multiply sixty-four by three hundred seventy-five ten-thou-
sandths. Use decimals. Give tlie work in full.

6. What number exceeds the sum of its fourth, fifth and sixth

parts by 161 ? Give the work in full.

7. A grocer bought 128 gallons of molasses at $0.64 per gallon,

and paid $2.08 for cartage. He lost 16 gallons by leak-
age. At what price must he sell the remainder so as to
gain \ of the entire cost? Give the work in full.

8. A room is 31 feet 6 inches long ; what is its width if the

floor area is 84 square yards ? Give the work in full,

9. By selling an estate for $13,397.50 I made a profit of 15

per cent, on the price paid for it ; what was that price ?
Give tlie work in full.
10. By selling a horse for $218.75 I lost 12 J per cent, of the
cost; what was the cost? Give the work infuU,

Third Subject :

Writing a letter on some subject given at the examination.

[This exercise is designed chiefly to test the applicant's skill in
English composition, knowledge of the use of punctuation marks
and capitals, paragraphing, etc.]

The letter should be sighted with the applicant's number^ not his
name.

Specimen «« rough draff referred to in examination papen of
clerks and messengers.

"kX*^-

-te.

jjj i^,.uu^-rtA-<^>^M^ o-Y^ite^

Ou /J^-U.>U^,^i-^;^

awtuir/^S«

cLc^c^/Ux^^^trA^^yi v^<^<^j(M^

ZIIZIx^^ ^^^^

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 123

Schedule A — Class 2.*
[General Bzamlnation.]

Clerical Service,
First Subject :

Writing from dictation.

One of the examiners will read, so distinctly that each person
being examined can hear, one of the exercises for dic-
tation. In general, not more than twenty words per
minute will be read, nor more than five or six words
without pause. After the reading, five minutes will be
allowed for reviewing the work.

[To Applicant. Write as much as you can of the passage read.
If from any cause you miss a word, do not pause, but go
on with the next words you hear. Write clearly; sped
and punctuate correctly. Use no abbreviations.']

Spelling. Usually twenty words, announced by the examiner.

Rough draft. Making a fair copy of the rough draft of a letter
or report, writing out all abbreviations in full, and in-
serting the added or corrected parts in their proper
places. No changes in punctuation or capitals are to be
made.

Second Subject :

1. Write in figures the following number : —

One hundred two billion five million thirteen thousand three
and two-hundred-sixty-one three-hundred-forty-thirds.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures : — 3,00;'),010,001.00004

2. Add these across, placing the totals in the spaces indicated ;

then add the totals : —

ToUls.

22,847

16,830

7,543

16,398

36,656

21,475

28,458

8,864

42,260

38,696

133,408

38,650

18,395

23,476

23,654

6,585

38,680

134,784

21,187 38,685 76,654 142,348 23,234 8,548

28,560 42,850 86,586 28,392 9,463 125,574

sjc To become eligible, applicants who take tbe general examination must obtain
sixty -ttvo per cent, in each of the first three subjects.

124 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

3. To I of g^ add ^ of }|. Give the work in full.

3^
By what fraction must -fr be multiplied, that the product

shall be 1 ? Give the work in fnU.

4. 189} acres are 89f ^ acres more than ^ of Smith's land ;

how many acres are there in Smith's land? Give the
work in fvJU.

5. Add thirty-three and forty-five hundred-thousandths, four

and fifteen ten-thousandths, one hundred seven and fif-
teen thousandths, three hundred fifty-five millionths;
divide the amount by five-tenths, and subtract eighteen
and three-eighths. Give the work in fuU. Use decimals,

6. What will it cost to cut a road through a hill, the depth of

the cut being 15 feet, the average width 20 feet, and the
length of the road 40 yards, at 66 cents a cubic yard?
Give the \oork in fvU,

7. A salt-dealer put up 56,000 pounds of salt in 20-pound,

10-pound and 5-pound boxes, using the same number of
each size. How many boxes of each size did he put up?
Give the work in full.

8. An agent is entrusted with $3,762.88 and instructed to buy

flour at $5.25 a barrel. The freight is $250, and the agent
charges 2 per cent, commission. How many barrels of
flour does he buy ? Give the loork in full,

9. If I sell $1,250 worth of ray property, the value of the re-

mainder will be 87^ per cent, of the whole property.
What is the value of the whole? Give the work in full,
10. The tax on the real estate of a town amounts to $65,675 ;
the rate per thousand dollars is $18.50; what is the
assessed vahie? Give the work in full,

Tliinl Subject:

1. Find the simple interest on $675 for 2 years, 3 months and

18 days, at tlie rate of 4 J per cent, a year. Give the
tcork in full,

2. A 6 months' note for $2,050, dated January 3, was dis-

counted at a Boston bank March 8, at the rate of 6 per
cent. Find the proceeds. Give tJie work infuU,

3. Find the difference between the simple and the compound

interest on $450 for 2 years and 6 months, the rate being
6 per cent. Give the u'ork in full,

4. If the proceeds of a 5 months' note, discounted at a Bostou

bank tlie day it was dated, at the rate of 7 per cent.,
were $1)70.8;^, what was the face of the note? Give the
work in full.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 125

5. I can invest $19,964 in 6 per cent, stock selling at 108J,
or in 5 per cent, stock selling at 92 ; which will yield the
greater income, and how much greater will it be ? Give
the work in fuU.

Fourth Subject :

Writing a letter on some subject given at the examination.

[This exercise is designed chiefly to test the applicant's skill in
English composition, knowledge of the use of punctuation marks
and capitals, paragraphing, etc.]

The letter should he signed with the applicant's number j njot his
name.

Schedule A — Class 3.

Inspector : Water Department.
First Subject:

State how long you have resided in this city and what your
trade or occupation has been since you began to earn
your living.

If you have learned a trade, state where and under whom you
learned it and how long you worked at it.

If you have had any practical experience in the duties of the
office for which you apply, or of any similar office, state
when, where, for how long and under whom you had it.

State also any experience you may have obtained in business
life or in the superintendence of others, either in public
or private business.

If you are familiar with any foreign language, state what lan-
guage it is.

Write not less than ten lines. Do not sign your name.

[On this the applicant is marked for clearness and correctness
of statement, and for experience.]

Second Subject :

1. Write in figures the following number : —

One hundred eleven thousand three hundred six.
Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures : — 49,852

2. Add the following column of figures : — 27,896

35,427
12,397
75,556
29,872
12,387

126 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

3. An army of 10,000 men lost 4,809 men in battle; how

many men were left? Gioe the work in full.

4. How much will 72 barrels of flour weigh, if each barrel

weighs 196 pounds? Give the work in full.

5. How many horses worth $125 apiece must be given for a

farm worth $11,000? Give the work in full.

6. What will be the cost of 32 pounds of coflPee at 28| cents

a pound ? Give the work in full.

Third Subject :
Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and
accuracy in copying.

Fourth Subject:

Questions to test the applicant's knowledge of the water service,
causes of waste, etc.

Fifth Subject :

Reading a water meter.

Schedule A — Class 3.

Inspector : Health Department.

First, second and third subjects : — Letter-writing, spelling,
handwriting, arithmetic.

Fourth Subject :

Questions relating to the duties of health inspector; conta-
gious diseases ; fumigation and purification ; ventilation,
disinfectants, etc.

Schedule A — Class 3.

Almoner y Agents Inspector^ Visitor: Department of Overseers of

the Poor,
First Subject:

Writing from dictation.

Spelling.

Second Subject :
Letter-writing.
Experience.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 127

Third Subject :

1. Write in figures the following amount: —
Four thousand six dollars and nine cents.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures : — 60,010

2. Add the following column : —

$287.46
1,349.82
2,386.95

689 . 73
1,055.28

964.13

3. If the salaries of 2,010 teachers amount to $1,055,752.50,

what is the average salary of each? Give the work in
full,

4. A farmer bought 25 cows at $37.75 apiece, and a number

of others at $25 apiece ; how many cows in the second
lot, if the whole cost was $4,668.75? Give the work in
full

5. A merchant sold 182|^ pounds of sugar, 12|^ pounds of

cheese and 37^ pounds of tea ; how many pounds did he
sell in all ? Give the work in fuXL

Fourth Subject:

Handwriting : shown by copying printed matter.

Special Subject :

Questions relating to the settlement and pauper laws.

Schedule A — Class 4.

Stenographer- Typeurriter,
First Subject:

Copying printed matter, thus showing handwriting. and accuracy

in copying. Spelling : twenty words announced by the

examiner.

Second Subject :

1- Write in figures the following number: —

One hundred three million four thousand two and thirty-
one seventy-fifths.
Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures : — 9,001,010.0012

128 MASSACHDSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

2. Add these acrossy placing the totals in the space indicated ;
then add the totals : —

TOtAlft.

42,753

36,840

17,865

9,476

327,685

35,782

36,415

32,264

74,322

3,482

22,690

24,969

34,820

21,140

8,742

227,865

46,650

3,764

8. What is the sura of ||, sj, f , and ^? Give the work infuU^
using the lowest common denominator. The answer must
be in a mixed number.

4. What is the cost of 19^ tons of coal at S5| a ton? Give

the work in full. Use common fractions.

5. To fifteen and fifty- three thousandths add six and forty-six

ten-thousandths, divide the amount by three-hundredths
and subtract three hundred fifty and five-eighths. Give
the toork in full. Use decimals.

6. What fraction multiplied by 3f equals ?*? Give the work

in full. *

7. How many cubic yards of stone are contained in a wall 214

feet 4 inches long, 9 feet high and 3 feet 4 inches thick ?
Give the work in full.

8. If a pole \0\ feet high casts a shadow 6J feet long, what

is the height of a house which casts a shadow 39 feet
long at the same hour? Give the work in full.

9. By selling a house for $8,437.50, I make a profit of 12J

per cent. ; what was the cost? Gfive the work in full.
10. If a man sells a horse for $220, he gains 10 per cent. ;
what per cent, will he gain or lose if he sells it for 10
per cent, less than $220? Give the work in full.

Special Subject :

Short-hand writing and tjrpe-writing. Three tests of skill and
accuracy in taking short-hand notes are given, one at
the rate of 100 words, one at the rate of 120 and one at
the rate of 150 words a minute. These notes are then
transcribed by the use of the type- writing machine.

Type-writing printed matter, showing accuracy, speed, and
technique.

Tabulating, transcnbing rough draft of a report, and making
corrected copy of a rough,unpunctuated letter.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 129

ScHEDFLE A — Classes 1 and 2.

Jfessengera.

For positions as messengers, where the annual pay is at the rate

of $800 or less, the same examination as for Schedule A,

class 1.
For positions as messengers, where the annual pay is at the rate

of more than $800, the same examination as for Schedule

A, class 2.

Schedule B — Class 1.

Prison Service,
First Subject :

Writing from memory the substance of matter orally commu-
nicated.

Second Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked as a
whole under two heads, — Experience, and Clearness
and Correctness of Statement. Ayiy false stoUement
made by tJie applicant in answering tJiese questions will
be regarded as good cause for excluding him from the
eligible list, or for removal or discharge during prolxition
or thereafter,

1. State in general terms your occupation since you became

of age, and any experience you may possess which will
be of use, if you should receive an appointment in the
prison service.

2. If you have ever served in the prison department in any

capacity, or in any public office, state when, where, how
long, whether you were ever discharged for cause, or
requested to resign ; and whether, while in office, you
were ever complained of for violation of the rules of the
office, or for any conduct unbecoming an officer; and,
if such complaint was made, what action was taken
thereon.

8. Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the
laws of this or any other State or nation?

4. Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a
bar-tender? If so, when, where and for how long?

6. Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind ?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

130 MASSACHDSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

6. Have you served in the army or navy of the United States,

either in time of peace or war; and, if so, how long did
you serve, and in what capacity, and did you receive an
honorable discharge therefrom ?

7. If you have ever served in the volunteer militia, name the

regiment and company, and state how long and in what
capacity you served, and whether you have been honor-
ably discharged, been dismissed, have resigned or been
asked to resign.

8. Have you ever had the handling of men, either in public

office or private employment?

Tliird Subject :

1. Write in figures the following numbers : —
Two thousand seven hundred forty-two.

Six hundred seventy dollars and three ceuts.

2. Write in words the numbers expressed by the following

figures: — 3,742

$693.51

3. Add the following column of figures : — 375

2,146
1,989
2,432
867
1,233

4. From 27,821 subtract 18,465. Give the work in full,

5. Divide 1,554 by 42. Oive the work in full.

6. Multiply 305 by 46. Oive the work in full.

7. If a man works twenty-six days at two dollars and twenty-

five cents per day, how much money will he eani ? Oive
the work in full.

Fourth Subject :

Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and
accuracy in copying.

EXAMINATION PAPERS.

181

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

Schedule B — Class 1.

I, [Write your fnU luime.] , hereby declare that the

answers to the following questions relating to my personal and family
health, history, habits, and antecedents, are trne to the best of my knowl-
edge and belief, and that I am the person described in the following record
of examination.

What is yoar occupation?
Do you use tobacco?

do you use in a week?
Do you drink intoxicating liquors?
Have you any disease now?

What diseases have you had during the last seven years?
Do you know of any hereditary disease in your family?
If your parents, brothers, or sisters, or any of them are dead, of

what disease did they die?
Have you ever had any fracture or dislocation?
Have you ever received any injury to the head or spine?
Are you subject to piles?
Have you been vaccinated?
Have you ever had rheumatism?

If SO, In what manner, and how much

If so, how frequently?

Certificate of Examining Surgeon.

* drcnmf erence of cheat after forced expiration.

; after full Inspiration

Are there any indications of disease of the
organs of respiration or their appendages?

Are there any Indications of disease of the
heart or of the blood vessels ?

Is the Bight good?

Is the hearing good?

Has the applicant varicose veins or vari-
eooele?

Has the applicant hernia?

Is the applicant flat-footed or has he anj
other malformation or disease of the feet?

* There ahonld be a difference of two inches at least at forced expiration and on full
inspiration.

132 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Haa the applicant anv predisposition, either
hereditary or acquired, to any constitational
dleease, aa phthisis, scrofula, rheumatism?

* Does the applicant display any erldence
of having or having had syphilis?

* Syphilitic taint or obesity must be regarded as good cause for rejection.

The applicant must be at least 5 feet 7 inches in height, in bare
feet, and weigh at least 135 pounds without clothing.

Remarks.

I hereby ceiiify that I have this day examined

and find that he is, by actual test, feet inches in

height, in bare feet, and weighs pounds without clothing,

and that he is of a robust constitution, and, in my opinion,

is physically qualified to perform the duties of a prison

officer.

Physician,
190 .

Schedule B — Class 1.

Metropolitan Park Police.*

The same tests, educational, physical and in development and
strength, as are applied to applicants for the police force of Bos-
ton, Schedule B, Class 4.

Schedule B — Class 2.

Fire Department of Boston,
First Subject :

Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and
accuracy in copying.

* Each applicant for metropolitan park police service will be examined
upon definitions of crimes, descriptions of legal papers and the duties of police
officers, and he is entitled to receive from the commissioners a pamphlet con-
taining the necessary information, after filing his application.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 133

Second Subject:
The answers to the questions on this sheet will be maxked as a
whole under two heads, — Expebienoe, and Cleabnsss
AND CoEBECTNESS OF STATEMENT. Any fcUse Statement
made by the applicant in answering these questions toiU
be regarded as good cause for excluding him from the
eligible list, or for removal or discharge during probation
or thereafter.

Write a letter to the mayor of Boston, giving as complete an
account as possible of your school experience ; also of
the various occupations in which you have been engaged
since you began to earn your own living, the firm or cor-
poration by whom employed and the length of time at
each service.

Have you ever done fire duty in any capacity, or been employed
in any public oflBce ? If so, state when, where, how long,
whether you were ever discharged for cause, or requested
to resign ; and whether, while in office, you were ever
complained of for violation of the rules of the office, or
for any conduct unbecoming an officer ; and, if such com-
plaint was made, what action was taken thereon.

Have you ever had any experience which, in your opinion, par-
ticularly fits you for the fire sen'ice ? If so, state the
same fully.

When were you born ? Give month, day and year.

Where were you bom ?

Have you ever served in the volunteer militia? If so, name the
regiment and company, and state how long and in what
capacity you served, and, whether you have been honor-
ably discharged, been dismissed, have resigned or been
asked to resign.

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws
of this or any other State or nation ? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date,
place, your age at the time, the nature of the offence,
the penalty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender ? If so, when, where, for whom and for how long ?

I^o you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

134 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

In your opinion, what particular qualities should a good fireman
possess ?

Give your reasons for wishing to become a member of the fire
force of Boston.

Third Subject:

1. Write in figures the following number : —
Ten thousand sixteen dollars and three cents.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures:— 11,006.

2. Add the following column: — $2,743.14

1,967.42
3,742.87
658.45
1,592.18
1,898.09

3. A man paid $2,750 for a farm, $125 for drainage and $87.75

for repairs ; he then sold it for $3,150.50. What was
his profit by the transaction ? Give the work in ftdl.

4. A five-dollar bill was given to pay for 16.4 pounds of cheese

at $0,125 per pound. What change should the purchaser
receive ? Give the work in full,

5. How much coffee at 36 cents a pound can be bought for

$39.72? Give the work in full,

6. What will 125 pounds of sugar cost at 6f cents a pound?

Give the work in fuU,

Fourth Subject :

* Questions relating to the duties of a fireman, as prescribed by
the fire commissioner.

* Each applicant for lire service will be examined upon the duties of the
office for which he applies, and he is entitled to receive from the Civil Service
(Commissioners a pamphlet containing the necessaiy information, after filing his
application.

EXAAUNATION PAPERS.

135

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

Schedule B — Class 2.

1, [Writ© your full name.] , hereby declare that the

answers to the following questions relating to my personal and family
health, history, habits, and antecedents, are tnie to the best of my knowl-
edge and belief, and that I am the person described in the following record
of examination.

What is your occupation?

Do you use tobacco? If so, in what manner, and how much

do you use in a week?

Do you drink intoxicating liquors? If so, how frequently?

Have you any disease now?

What diseases have you had during the last seven years?

Do you know of any hereditary disease in your family?

If your parents, brothers, or sisters, or any of them, are dead, of
what disease did they die?

Have yon ever had fits?

Have you ever had any iVacture or dislocation?

Have you ever received any injury to the head or spine?

Are you subject to piles?

Have you been vaccinated?

Have you ever had rheumatism?

a
o

Certificate of Examining Surgeon.

Are there any Indications of diseaM of the
organs of respiration or their appendages?

Are there anv indications of disease of the
heart or of the blood vessels?

Is the sight good?

In the applicant color blind?

Is the hearing good?

Are the functions of the brain and nervous
system in a healthy state?

Has the applicant varicose veins?

Has the applicant hernia?

Is the applicant flat footed or has he any
other malformation or disease of the feet?

136

ALAJSSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

If the applicant hM had any aerioas illoeaa
or Injary, atato ezpreaaly what eflfectt if any,
if poroeptlble in the heart, lanffs. kidneys or
other aodominal organa, or the skin, eyea,
ears, limbs, etc.

Has the applicant anv predlBposition, either
hereditary 0£ acquired, to any consiitutionol
disease, aa phthisis, scrofula, rheumatism ?

* Does the applicant display any evidence
of having or having had syphilis?

* SyphlUtic taint or obesity mnst be regarded aa good cause for rejection.

Bemarks.

I hereby certify that I have this day carefully and thoroughly
examined the above-named applicant, and find that he is
sound in limb and body, is able-bodied, of robust con-

stitution, has good eyesight and good hearing, and in

my opinion is physically qualified to sustain the labors and

exposures, and perform the duties of a fireman in the city of
Boston, and that the above is a truthful record of the examination.

190

Fhysidan,

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 13'

EXAUINATIOK IN STRENGTH.

Appiicata for Fire Service.

tTb« ipplUiuit wUl uHvar Ilw di toUowtoi qnMtkw.]

1. What is your full name?

2. What is jour preseat address ?

3. Where were you bom?

4. What is the dat« of your birth?

5. Whnt ia your father's full name P (Give name, whether living o

6. What is your mother's full name? (Give name, whether living o

IDENTIFICATION.

IDENTIFIOATION — CoK.

Weight. Helgbl. FU

In.

•hick,

d«.crlpUo™ lb.^pu™?f "m

as?

bUck,
brown.

wUhoul border,
wlUiwlds "

■■ elev.l«d,

rwwfliig,
J projcetlng,

Appur. , Ihld
««.. l.t™ight.

EXAMINATION IN STRENGTH.

Uigb,

Ene.

InnplRmented,
ytlow.
marooD In circle.

BCK..

i<^„..

Fm.,
H«>d..

I hereby certify that I have this day carefally and thoroughly
examined the above-named applicant, and that the above is a
truthful record of such examination.

rhysical Examiner.

138 MASSACHUSKTTS CmL SERVICE.

Schedule B — Class 3.

Police of Cities other than Boston.
First Subject :

Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and
accuracy in copying.

Second Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked as a
whole under two heads, — Experience, and Clearness
AND Correctness of Statement. Any false statement
made by the applicant in answering these questions wiU be
regarded as good cause for excluding him from the eligible
list J or for removal or discharge during probation or
thereafter.

Write a letter to the mayor of the city, giving as complete an
account as possible of your school experience ; also of
the occupations in which you have been engaged since
you began to earn your own living, the firm or corpora-
tion by whom employed, and the length of time at each
service.

Have you ever done police duty in any capacity, or been em-
ployed in any public office? If so, state when, where,
how long, whether you were ever discharged for cause, or
requested to resign; and whether, while in oflSce, you
were ever complained of for violation of the rules of the
office, or for any conduct unbecoming an officer; and, if
such complaint was made, what action was taken thereon.

Have you ever had any experience which, in your opinion, par-
ticularly fits you for the police service? If so, state the
same fully.

When were you born? Give month, day and year.

Where were you born?

Have you ever served in the volunteer militia? If so, name
the regiment and company, and state how long and in
what capacity you served, and whether you have been
honorably discharged, been dismissed, have resigned or
been asked to resign.

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws
of this or any other State or nation? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date, place,
your age at the tijne, the nature of the offence, the pen-
alty, and all other facts relating thereto.

EXAMIXATIOX PAPERS. 139

Have you ever been a dealer iu intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, for whom and for how
long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind ?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state how
long you have abstained.

In your opinion, what particular qualities should a good police-
man possess?

Give your reasons for wishing to become a member of the police
force.

Third Subject :

1 . Write in figures the following number : —
Twenty thousand six hundred five.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures: — 6,010

2. Add the following column : —

»287.54
195.87
349.63
101.25
246.80
328.42

3. If a man's yearly income is $1,200, and he spends $20 a

week, how much can he save in one year? CHve the work
in full,

4. How many hogs can be bought for $1,076.25, if each hog

cost $5.25? Give the work in fuU.

5. What will 8 J pounds of tea cost at 66 cents a pound?

Give the work in full.

6. How many quarts of milk, at 7 cents a quart, will pay for

35 pounds of sugar at 5 cents a pound ? Give the work
in fuU.

Fourth Subject :

* Questions relating to the duties of a police officer, definitions
of crimes, descriptions of legal papers, statutory law,
etc.

* Each applicant for police service iu any city will be examined upon definitions
of crimes, descriptions of legal papers, and the duties of the office for which he
applies, and he is entitled to receive from the Board of Examiners a pamphlet con-
taining the necessary information, after filing his application.

140

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

Schedule B — Class 3.

I, [Write your fall name.] , hereby declare that the

answers to the following qaestions relating to my personal and family
health, history, habits and antecedents, are true to the best of my knowl-
edge and belief, and that I am the person described in the following record
of examination.

What is your occupation?

Do you use tobacco? If so, in what manner, and how much

do you use in a week?

Do you drink intoxicating liquors? If so, how frequently?

Have you any disease now?

What diseases have you had during the last seven years?

Do you know of any hereditary disease in your family?

If your parents, brothers, or sisters, or any of them, are dead, of
what disease did they die?

Have you ever had any fracture or dislocation?

Have you ever received any injury to the head or spine?
g Are you subject to piles?
^ Have you been vaccinated?
g [ Have you ever had rheumatism?

§•3
si

Certificate of Examining Surgeon,

* Olrenmference of chest after forced expiration,

; after full inspiration,

•

Are there any Indications of disease of the
organs of respiration or their appendages?

Are there any Indications of disease of the
heart or of the blood vessels?

Is the sight good?

Is the applicant color blind?

Is the hearing good?

Has the applicant varicose veins or vari-
eocele?

Has the applicant hernia?

Is the applicant flat-footed or has he any
other malformalion or disease of the feet?

* There should be a difference of two Inches at least at forced expiration and oo fnl
inspiration.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 141

Has the applicant anr predisposition, either
hereditary or acquired, to any constitntional
dlaease, as phthisis, scrofula, rheumatism?

* Doee the applicant displav any evidence
of having or having had syphilis ?

* Syphilitic taint or obesity must be regarded as good cause for rejection.

• The applicant must be at least 5 feet 7 inches in height, in bare
feet, and weigh at least 1 35 pounds, without clothing.

Remarks.

I hereby certify that I have this day examined
and find that he is, by actual test, feet inches in

height, in bare feet, and weighs pounds without clothing,

and that he is of a robust constitution, and, in my opinion,

is physically qualified to perform the duties of a police-

man in the city of

, City Physician.
190 .

Schedule B — Class 3.
District Police. — Inspection Department.

First Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
two heads, — Experience and Clearness and Cor-
rectness OF Statement. Any false statement made by
the applicant in answering these questions will be regarded
Osgood cause for excluding him from the eligible list, or
for removal or discharge during probation or thereafter.

What is your trade or occupation ?

Where and under whom did you learn your trade or occupation ?

At what kind of work are you now employed, who is your em-
ployer, and how long have you been so employed?

If you are not at work now, state where and by whom you were
employed last, the kind of work, and why you left that
work.

142 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Have jou followed more than one trade or occupation? If so,
state what trades or occupations you have followed other
than the one you have already mentioned.

If there is anything else in your experience which may tend to
show your fitness for the position of Inspector in the
District Police Force, state the same fully.

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws of
this or any other State or nation? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date, place,
your age at the time, the nature of the offence, the
penalty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

Second Subject:
Copying printed matter, thus showing handwriting and accuracy
iu copying.

Third Subject:

1. Write in figures the following number: —
Fifteen million four thousand fifty-one.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures:— 6,201,504

2. Add the following column of figures : — 131,042

275,634
187,965
98,325
346,424
764,326

3. Add together 2/^, 4|, 8^. Oive the work in /afl, using the

lowest common denominator. Give the answer in mixed
numbers.
Multiply 25f by 3^. Oive the work in full,

4. Add together 201.23, 36.5 and .693; divide the sum by 4,

and subtract 18.59896 from the product. Give the work
in full.

5. How many square yards are there in a plot of ground 165

feet long and 150 feet wide ? Oive the work in full,

6. How many cubic feet will there be in a tank 16 feet 3

inches long, 9 feet 6 inches wide and 6 feet deep? Oive
the work in fall.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 143

Fourth Subject:
Questions on the following subjects: Ventilation, sanitary
plumbing, guarding machinery, safety devices on eleva-
tors, modes of egress in case of fire, devices and
appliances for extinguishing fire, employment of women
and children.

Schedule B — Class 3.

Detective Force of District Police.
First Subject :

Write a letter, addressed to the Civil Service Commissioners,

stating in detail what has been your experience. If you

have had any practical experience in the duties of the

ofiSce for which you apply, or of any similar oflSce, state

when, where, for how long and under whom you had it.

Sign the letter with your number ^ not your name.

Second Subject :

1 . Write in figures the following number : —
Fifteen thousand seven hundred one.

Write in words the number expressed by the following fig-
ures:— 10,010

2. Add the following column of figures : — 26,954

17,683
10,857
18,642
25,395
32,963

3. If a man should buy a lot of land for $20,000, and sell It

for $18,775, how much would he lose by the transaction?
Give the loork in fvU,

4. If 35 hogs cost $394.45, what is the cost of each hog?

Give the work in fuU.

5. When eggs cost 35 cents a dozen, what is the cost of 648

eggs ? Give the work in full.

6. What will 45 pounds of sugar cost at 8 J cents a pound?

Give the work in full.

Third Subject:
Copying printed matter, thus showing handwriting and accuracy
in copying.

Fourth Subject :
Questions relating to crimes, criminal processes, legal papers and
methods of procedure which officers must know about in
the prosecution of criminal cases.

144

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

Schedule B — Class 3.
I^ [Write your full name.] , hereby declare that the

answers to the following questions relating to my personal and family
health, history, habits, and antecedents, are true to the best of my knowl-
edge and belief, and that I am the person described in the following record
of examination.

What is your occupation P

Do you use tobacco ? If so, in what manner, and how much

do you use in a week P

Do you drink intoxicating liquors ? If so, how frequently P

Have you any disease now ?

What diseases have you had during the last seven years ?

Do you know of any hereditary disease in your family P

If your parents, brothers, or sisters, or any of them are dead, of
what disease did they die P

Save you ever had any fracture or dislocation ?

Have you ever received any injury to the head or spine ?

Are you subject to piles P

Have you been vaccinated P

Have you ever had rheumatism P

•

Certificate of Examining Surgeon.

* Clroumforence of cbest after forced expiration,

; after full Inspiration,

Are there any Indications of disease of the
organs of respiration or their appendages?

Are there any Indications of disease of the
heart or of the blood vessels?

Is the sight good?

Is the applicant color blind?

Is the hearing good ?

Has the applicant varicose veins or vari-
cocele?

Has the applicant hernia?

Is the applicant flat footed or has he any
other malformation or disease of the feet?

Has the applicant any predisposition, either
hereditary or acquired, to any constitutional
disease, as phthisis, scrofula, rheumatism?

t Does the applicant dlsplav any evidence
of having or having had syphilis?

* There should be a difference of two inches at least at forced expiration and on full
Inspiration,
t Syphilitic taint or obesity must be regarded as good cause for rejection.

EXAMINATIOX PAPERS. 145

The applicant must be at least 5 feet 7 inches in height, in bare
feet, and weigh at least 135 pounds, without clothing.

• Remarks.

I hereby certify that I have this day examined
and find that he is, by actual test, feet inches in height, in

bare feet, and weighs pounds without clothing, and that he is
of a robust constitution, and, in my opinion, is physically
qualified to perform the duties of a district police officer.

Medical EoBaminer^

District.
190 . County.

Schedule B — Class 4.

Police Force of Boston,
First Subject :

Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and

accuracy in copying.

Second Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked as a
whole under two heads, — Experience and Clearness
AND Correctness of Statement. Any false stcUemejU
made by the applicant in answering these questions will be re-
garded as good cause for excluding him from tJie eligible list^
or for removal or discharge during probation or thereafter.

Have you ever done police duty in any capacity, or been em-
ployed in any public oflSce? If so, state when, where,
how long, whether you were ever discharged for cause, or
requested to resign ; and whether, while in office, you
were ever complained of for violation of the rules of the
office, or for any conduct unbecoming an officer ; and, if
such complaint was made, what action was taken thereon.

Have you ever had any experience which, in your opinion, par-
ticularly fits you for the police service ? If so, state the
same fully.

146 MASSACIirSKTTS CIVIL SERVICK.

When were yon born? Give month, day and year.

Where were you born?

Have you ever served in the volunteer militia? If so, name the
regiment and company, and state how long and in what
capacity you served, and whether you have been honor-
ably discharged, been dismissed, have resigned or been
asked to resign.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, for whom and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

In your opinion, what particular qualities should a good police-
man possess?

Give your reasons for wishing to become a member of the police
force of Boston.

Third Subject :

1. Write in figures the following amount : —
Ten thousand five dollars and two cents.

Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures : — 9,002

2. Add the following column : —

$1,865.43
3,459.12
1,865.42
999.85
2,394.12
1,164.10

3. A man paid $4,162.50 for a farm, $137.50 for drainage and

$250.75 for repairs; he then sold it for $4,860.50.
What was his profit by the transaction ? Owe the icork
in full.

EXAmXATTON PAPERS. 147

4. A ten-dollar bill was given to pay for 18.4 pounds of coffee

at $0,325 per pound. What change should the purchaser
receive ? Give the work in full.

5. How much coffee at 39 cents a pound can be bought for

$27.56 ? Give the work in fidl.

6. What will 220 pounds of sugar cost at 7f cents a pound ?

Give the work in full.

Fourth Subject :

* Questions relating to the duties of a police officer, as pre-

scribed by the Board of Police, definitions of crimes,
descriptions of legal papers, statutory law, etc.

* Each applicant for police service will be examined upon definitions of
crimes, descriptions of legal papers, and the duties of the ofiice for which he
applies, and he is entitled to receive from the civil service commissioners a
pamphlet containing the necessary information, after filing his application.

148

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.

Schedule B — Class 4.

I, [Write your full name.] , hereby declare that the

What is your occupation?

Do you use tobacco? If so, in what manner, and how much

do you use in a week?

Do you drink intoxicating liquors? If so, how frequently?

Have you any disease now?

What diseases have you had during the last seven years?

Do you know of any hereditary disease in your family?

If your parents, brothers, or sisters, or any of them, are dead, of
what disease did they die?

Have you ever had fits?

Have you ever had any fractttre or dislocation?

Have you ever received any injury to the head or spine?

Are you subject to piles?

Have you been vaccinated?

Have you ever had rheumatism?

o
a

o a

^ «

S3
Ok

Certificate of Examining Surgeon.

Are there any indications of disease of the
organs of respiration or their appendages?

Are there any indications of disease of the
heart or of the blood vessels?

Is the sight good?

Is the applicant color hlind?

Is the bearing ^ood ?

Are the functions of the brain and nervous
system In a healthy state?

Has the applicant varicose veins?

Has the applicant hernia?

Is the applicant flat footed or has he any
other malrormatlon or disease of the feet?

EXAMINATION PAPERS,

149

If the applicant hat liad any terioos illneM
or Injoiy. sUte expressly what effect, if any,
is perceptible in the heart, lanss. Icidneys or
other abdominal organs, or the skin, eyes,
ears, limbs, etc.

FTas the applicant an V predisposition, either
hereditary or acquired, to any constitutional
disease, as phthisis, scrofula, rheumatism ?

* Does the applicant display any evidence
of having or having had syphilis?

* Syphilitic taint or obesity must be r^farded as good eaoao for rejeetion.

Bemarka.

I hereby certify that I have this day carefully and thoroughly
examined the above-named applicant, and find that he is
sound in limb and body, is able-bodied, of robust con-

stitution, has good eyesight and good hearing, and in

my opinion is physically qualified to sustain the labors and

exposures, and perform the duties of a policeman in the city of
Boston, and that the above is a truthful record of the examination.

190

Physician,

150

MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Examination in Strength.
Applicant for Police Service.

[The applicant will answer the six following questions.]

1. What is your full name?

2. Wliat is your present address ?

3. Where were you bom ?

4. Wliat is the date of your birth ?

5. What is your father's full name ? (Give name, whether living or

dead.)

6. What is your mother's full name? (Give name, whether living or

dead.)

IDENTIFICATION.

Weight.

Height.

Ft.

In.

(The examiner will check an appropriate
description of the applicant from the follow-
ing lUt.)

Hair.
r black.

I brown,
r, ■{ auburn,

Face,
Hands,

Color.

j blonde,

I streaked, gray,

f thick.
Appear- • thin,
ance, ] straight,

(curly,

Forehead.
'perpendicular,

receding,

bulging,

broad,

medium,

narrow,

low,
Lhigh,

Byes.
nnpigmented,
yellow,
orange.
Color, \ chestnut,

maroon in circle,
*• general,
.pure maroou,

Nose.

( straight,

I concave,

( convex,

( horizontal.
Base, ] depressed,

( elevated,

( large.
Size, { medium,

( small,

Boars.

Lips, *

IDEITTIFICATION — Cow.

Mouth.
f thick,
thin,

upper, prominent,
lower, "

without border,
with wide *•
angles, depressed,
** elevated,

Chin.

straight,

receding,

projecting,

square,

oval,

EXAMINATION IN STRENGTH.

•3 •

a (B
S 9

Strength of back.
Strength of legs.

Strength of upper arm.

Strength of fore arm.

Pectorals, .
Traction pull, .
Dumb-bells,
Abdominal muscles,
Adductors,
Agility, .

i excellent,
good,
poor.

H
I

R
L

7
T

2
8

4
5
2
5

Average per cent, in strength, .

RSMABKS.

I hereby certify that I have this day carefully and thoroughly

examined the above-named applicant, and that tlie above is a

truthful record of such examination.

Physical Examiner,

EXAmXATlOX PAPERS. 151

Schedule B — Class 6.

DratC'tender of Bridges,
First Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
the head Experience. Any false stcUement made by the
applicant in answering tkese questions wiU be regarded as
good cause for excluding him from the eligible listy or for
removal or discharge during probation or thereafter.

What is your trade or occupation ?

Where and under whom did you learn your trade or occupation ?

How long have you followed that trade or occupation ?

At what kind of work are you now employed, who is your em-
ployer, and how long have you been so employed?

If you are not at work now, state where and by whom you were
employed last, the kind of work, and why you left that
work.

Have you followed more than one trade or occupation ? If so,
state what trades or occupations you have followed other
than the one you have already mentioned.

Have you ever been a draw-tender or assistant draw-tender? If
so, state when, where, for how long, and, if you have
left the position, why you left it.

Have you ever had charge of men ? If so, state fully how many,
where, when, for how long and in what kind of work.

Have you had any other experience which, in your opinion, fits
you for the position you seek? If so, state the same
fully.

Can you pull and manage a row-boat?

Are you an expert swimmer?

Do you hold a State license as an engineer? If so, what is the
date of it?

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws of
this or any other State or nation? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date, place,
your age at the time, the nature of the offence, the pen-
alty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind ?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state ho\v
long you have abstained.

What is the date of youi* birth?

Where were you born?

152 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Second Subject :

1 . Write in figu;^8 the following : —

One thousand five hundred and sixty-three dollars and four-
teen cents.

2. Write in words the number expressed by the following

figures : — 14,368

3. Add the following column of figures : — 1,792

3,467
1,823
3,119
427
2,236

4. From 21,315 subtract 19,678. Give the work in full,

5. Divide 4,968 by 23. Give the work in full.

6. Multiply 726 by 54. Give the work in full.

Third Subject :
Questions relating to the duties which draw-tenders are called
upon to perform.

Schedule B — Class 6.

Foremen and Inspectors,
First Subject:

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
the head Experience. Any false stalement made by the
applicant in answering these questions unU be regarded as
good cause for excluding him from the eligible listy or for
removal or discharge during probation or thereafter.

What is your trade or occupation?

Where and under whom did you learn your trade or occupation?

At what kind of work are you now employed, who is your em-
ployer, and how long have you been so employed?

If you are not at work now, state where, how long and by whom
you were employed last, the kind of work, and why you
left that work.

Have you followed more than one trade or occupation ? If so,
state what trades or occupations you have followed other
than the one you have already mentioned, and how long
you worked at each.

If there is anything else in your experience which may tend to
show your fitness for the position you seek, state the same
fully.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 153

Have you ever had charge of men? If so, state fully how
many, where, when, for how long and in what kind of
work.

Have you ever been foreman or sub- foreman in charge? If so,
state when, where, how long and for whom you worked,
and the kind of work.

Have you ever been convictefi of any offence against the laws of
this or any other State or nation? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particular as to date, place,
your'age at the time, the nature of the offence, the pen-
alty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where and for how long?

Second Subject:

1. Wnte in figures the following number : —

One thousand five hundred sixty- three.
Write in words the number expressed by the following
figures:— 12,207

2. Add the following column of figures : — 1,743

876
1,427
8,764
998
2,507
8. Suppose you have under you 86 men at $1.75 per day; a
rain-storm prevents them from working the last half day.
What will be the amount of their pay for that day?
Give the work in fvU,

4. If you have a pile of 10,000 bricks, and take away 7,550 of

them, how many will be left? Give the work in full.

5. When stone is worth 88 cents a yard, how many yards can

be bought for $37.85? Give the work infuU,

Third Subject:
Foremen and inspectors in the water department.
Questions on trench work, pipe-laying, measurements and ma-
terials.

Third Subject:
Foremen and inspectors in sewer department.

154 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Qaestions relating to the different kinds of sewers, the prepara-
tion and use of cement and other materials, and trench
work.

Third Subject :
Foremen and inspectors in the department of streets, parks,

cemeteries and public grounds.
Questions on street, road and sSiewalk building, cart measure-
.ment, grade-stakes, etc.

Third Subject :
Foremen and inspectors in the street cleaning division.
Questions relating to cleaning streets.

Third Subject :
Foremen and inspectors in sanitary division.
Questions relating to the handling of ashes, offal, etc:

Fourth Subject :

Foremen and inspectors in all the departments except the street

cleaning and sanitary departments.
Questions on ledge work, and the care and use of explosives.

Fourth Subject :

Foremen and inspectors in the street cleaning and sanitary

divisions.
Questions relating to the handling and care of horses.

Fifth Subject :

Foremen and inspectors in the department of streets, parks,

cemeteries and public grounds.
Questions on drainage.

Schedule B — Class 7.

Sub-foreman of Laborers.
First Subject :

State your occupation during the past ten years, the names and
residences, so far as you remember, of your employers
during that period.

Have you ever been foreman or sub-foreman in charge? If so,
state when, where, and under whom you worked, and the
kind of work in which you w^ere employed.

Have you ever had charge of men ? If so, state fully how many,
where, when, for how long and in what kind of work.

Have you ever done any ledge work, or had the handling or care
of explosives? If so, state when, where and for how long.

[On these statements the applicant is marked for experience
only.]

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 155

Second Subject:

1. Write in figures the following : —

One hundred and sixty-three dollars and twelve cents.

2. If you receive 23 loads of gravel one day, 34 loads the

next, and 17 loads the next, how many loads will you
then have in all ? Give the work in full,

3. If you have 845 and pay out $27 for rent and other expenses,

how much will you have left? Give the work in full.

4. If a cubic yard of stone costs 88 cents, how many yards

can be bought for $39.60? Give the work in full.
6. What wages, at $1.75 per day, would be due a laborer, he
having worked an entire week of six days, except one
half day. Give the work in full.

Third Subject :
Questions relating to general work ; the use of tools, reading
grade-stakes, tallying, etc.

Fourth Subject : ( Not obligatory. )

Questions on ledge work ; the tools used, care and use of explo-
sives, etc.

Fourth Subject:

Sub-foremen in the sanitary and street cleaning divisions.
Questions relating to the handling and care of horses.

Schedule B — Class 6.

Building Inspectors,
First Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
two heads, — Experience, and Clearness and Correct*
NESS OP Statement. Any false statements made by the
applicant in ansivering these questions will be regarded as
good cause for excluding him from the eligible list, or for
removal or discharge dunjig probation or thereafter.

What is your trade or occupation ?

Where and under whom did you learn your trade or occupation?

At what kind of work are you now employed, who is your em-
ployer, and how long have you been so employed?

If you are not at work now, state where and by whom you were em-
ployed last, the kind of work, and why you left that work.

Did your present or last employer sign a recommendation for
you upon your present application ? If not, why not ?

Have you followed more than one trade or occupation? If so,
state what trades or occupations you have followed other
than the one you have already mentioned.

156 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

If there is anything else in your experience which may tend to
show your fitness for the position of Building Inspector,
state the same fully.

Haye you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws
of this or any other State or nation ? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date,
place, your age at the time, the nature of the offence, the
penalty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

Second Subject :

Copying printed matter, thus showing handwriting and accuracy
in copying.

Third Subject:
Arithmetic.

Fourth Subject:

Questions relating to brick and stone masonry, carpentry and
iron work.

Fifth Subject :

Knowledge of construction as shown by drawing plans to scale.

Schedule B — Class 8.

Engineers^ Janitors and Persons having Cliarge of Steam Boilers
and Furnaces in tJie School Buildings in the City of Boston,

First Subject:

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
the head Experience. Any false statement made by the
ajyplicant in answering these questions will be regarded as
good cause for excluding him from the eligible list^ or for
removal or discharge during probation or thereafter.

What is your trade or occupation ?

Where and under whom did you learn your trade or occu-
pation ?

At what kind of work are you now employed, who is your em-
ployer, and how long have you been so employed ?

If you are not at work now, state where and by whom you were
employed last, the kind of work, and why you left that
work.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 157

Have yoa followed more than one trade or occupation ? If so,
state what trades or occupations jou have followed other
than the one you have already mentioned.

If there is anything else in your experience which may tend to
show your fitness for the position you seek, state the
same fully.

When were you born?

Where were you born ?

Have you ever had the charge or care of any building, public or
private? If so, state the kind of building, its size, where
located, and how long you had the charge or care of it.

Have you had any experience in taking care of furnaces or heat-
ing apparatus? If so, state when and where, the kind
of building heated, how long you were so employed, and
what kind of heating apparatus was used.

Do you now hold a State license as an engineer or fireman ? If
so, give class and date of license.

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws of
this or any other State or nation ? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date, place,
your age at the time, the nature of the offence, the pen-
alty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long you have abstained.

Second Subject :

Arithmetic: Six questions, including addition, subtraction, mul-
tiplication, division, and the reading and writing of
numbers.

Third Subject :
Copying a printed statement, thus showing handwriting and
accuracy in copying.

Fourth Subject :

Questions relating to the care and handling of furnaces, gas,
water supply, etc., ventilation and sanitary matters.

[Each applicant for appointment to a position as engineer is
required to exhibit a license from a State Inspector of Steam
Boilers.]

[Each applicant for appointment to a position as janitor of a
school building where steam heat is used will be required to ex-
hibit a license from a State Inspector of Steam Boilers.]

158 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Schedule B — Class 9.

The Fire Service of Cities other than Boston.

This examination is similar to that of Schedule B, Class 2, —
the fire sei*vice of Boston.

Schedule B— Class 10.

Truant Officers of Boston.
First Subject :

Copying printed statement.
Spelling.

Second Subject :

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked as a
whole under two heads, — Experience and Clearness and
Correctness of Statement. Any false statement made
by the applicant in answering these questions will be regarded
Osgood cause for exduding htm from the eligible list, or for
rem^yval or discharge during probation or thereafter.

State how long you have resided in this city, and what your
occupation has been since you began to earn your living.

If you have had any practical experience in the duties of the
office for which you apply, or of any similar office, state
when, where, for how long and under whom you had it.

State also any experience you have had in the superintendence
of others, either in public or private business.

If you are familiar with any foreign language, state what lan-
guage it is, and whether you can read, write and speak it.

Write not less than ten lines. Do not sign your name.

Uaye you ever been employed as a public officer? If so, state
what office you held, when, where, how long you served,
whether you were ever discharged for cause, or requested
to resign ; and whether, while in office, you were ever
complained of for violation of the rules of the office, or
for any conduct unbecoming an officer; and, if such
complaint was made, what action was taken thereon.

Where were you born ? Give month, day and year.

Have you ever served in the army or navy of the United States,
either in time of peace or war? If so, how long did you
serve and in what capacity, and did you receive an hon-
orable discharge therefrom ?

exa:mination papers. 159

Have you ever had the- handling of men, either in public office
or private employment? If so, state how many and in
what kind of work.

Have you ever been convicted of any offence against the laws
of this or any other State or nation ? If so, make a full
statement of the case, giving particulars as to date,
place, your age at the time, the nature of the offence, the
penalty, and all other facts relating thereto.

Have you ever been a dealer in intoxicating liquors, or a bar-
tender? If so, when, where, and for how long?

Do you ever drink distilled or fermented liquors of any kind?
If so, state fully and definitely what your habits are in
such use of them. If you are a total abstainer, state
how long yon have abstained.

What particular qualities should a man possess in order that he
may become an efficient truant officer ?

Third Subject :
Arithmetic, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and
common fractions.

Fourth Subject :
Letter writing.

Note, Applicants for positions as truant officers are also re-
quired to undergo a physical examination.

Schedule B — Class 11.

Janitors of School Buildings in Cities other than Boston.
An examination similar to that given for Schedule B, Class 8.

Schedule B — Class 13.

Divisions of the Civil Engineering Force.

Division A, or rodmen : To include chainmen, rodmen and all
assistants under whatever designation, except draughtsmen, wJiose
maximum pay does not exceed the rate of 8800 per annum.

Division B, or instrument men : To include transitmen, levellers
and all assistants under whatever designation, except those cov-
ered by divisions A and E, and whose maximum pay does not
exceed the rate of $1,100 per annum.

Division C, or assistant engineers (junior grade) : To include
engineers and surveyors in responsible charge of work and engi-

160 :MASSACIIUSETrS CIVIL SERVICE.

neers in charge of designing, whose maximnm pay does not exceed
the rate of $1,600 per annum.

Division D, or assistant engineers: To include all engineers
whose pay exceeds the rate of $1,600 per annum.

Division E,* or draughtsmen (junior grade) : To include all
assistants whose duties are chiefly those of di*aughting and whose
rate of pay does not exceed $800 per annum.

Division F, or draughtsmen (senior grade) : To include all
assistants whose duties are chiefly those of draughting and whose
pay is at the rate of over $800 and does not exceed $1,300 per
annum.

Schedule B, Class 13, Division A* (Rodman).

Handwriting ; shown by copying printed matter.

Spelling ; twenty words, announced by one of the examiners.

Education and experience.

The answers to the questions on this sheet will be marked under
the heads of Education and Experience, Any false
statement made by the applicant in answering these questions
will he regarded as good cause for excluding him from the
eligible list^ or for removal or discharge during prohaJtion
or thereafter.

What is the date of your birth ?

State what grammar school, high school, technical school or col-
lege you have attended, the dates and length of attend-
ance, the studies pursued and diplomas taken. State any
other facts regarding your education which you think may
be of service to the examiners.

Have you had any practical experience in the duties of the
position for which you apply? If you have, state the
particular position or positions you have held ; the nature
of your duties in each case ; where, when, how long and
under whom (giving accurately the name and address)
you have been so employed.

Are you employed at present? If you are, give the name and
address of your employer, state the nature of your duties
and the length of time you have held this position. If
you are not employed, state how long you have been
without employment and the cause for which you last
ceased work.

* The examination for division A and for division E will occupy one day each.
The examinations for the other divisions will occupy two dayB each.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 161

Arithmetic, — inclading common and decimal fractions, percent-
age, square root, mensuration of rectangular surfaces and
solids.

Sample Questions.

1. Add 467 feet 8^ inches, 27 feet 9^ inches, 510 feet 4^ inches

and 102 feet 6| inches, and from the sum subtract 299.52
feet, giving the answer to the nearest eighth of an inch.

2. Multiply two hundred fifty-seven ten-thousandths by forty-

nine thousandths.

3. Divide 2,880 by .0036.

4. Add ^^j ^^f and ^f , and reduce the sum to a decimal frac-

tion earned to five places of decimals.
6. A dry brick weighing 4 pounds 6 ounces was immersed in
water for twenty-four hours, at the end of which time it
was found to weigh 5 pounds OJ ounce ; what per cent,
of its own weight was absorbed?

6. A square plot of ground contains 108,900 square feet; what

is the length of a side ?

7. A rectangular piece of land, 210 feet 3 inches long and 50

feet 9 inches wide, has a ditch 6 feet wide and 4 feet
deep, which was dug inside' the boundary lines, said lines
being the outer edge of the ditch. How many cubic
yards of material were removed from the ditch?
Algebra ; to and including the solution of simultaneous equations
of the second degree.

Samjple Questions,

1. Mumply(a.»-|+l)by(| + l).

2. Divide 256 a« & c- ar^ by— 16 a^ c a?.

3. Divide a distance of 1,000 feet into three parts, — -4, B

and (7, such that A shall be 72 feet longer than B and
100 feet shorter than C Solve by algebraic method.

- 2

4. Solve the equation 2 ^/x-\ — ^ = 5.

5. A rectangular field contains 40,960 square feet. If its

length were increased by 65 feet and its breadth by 50

feet, its area would be increased by 26,450 square feet.

Find the length and breadth of the field.

Geometry ; the applicant will be expected to have such familiarity

with the principal theorems of plane and solid geometry aa

will enable him to solve simple problems dealing with lines,

angles, areas and volumes. Demonstrations of theorems loiU

not be required.

162 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Sample Questions,

1. One interior angle of a certain triangle contains 43® 19' 40'' ;

a second interior angle contains 105° 59' 20^' ; what is the
valae of the remaining angle?

2. Choose any three points on paper, and by aid of a sketch

explain how, by geometrical construction, you would find
the centre of a circle passing through them.
8. What is the length of the circumference of a circle which
would enclose an area of 5,000 square feet? tc = 3.1416.

4. If a field have two parallel sides, one of them 356 feet long

and the other 407 feet long, the perpendicular distance
between them being 96.5 feet, what is the area of the
field?

5. A stone in the form of a pyramid 3 feet high, with its base a

square 30 inches on a side, will weigh how lAuch, assum-
ing 150 pounds weight to the cubic foot?
Duties. Questions relating to the constraction and use of rods,
tapes, yerniers and other implements and devices. Details
of the work of rodmen in the field and oflSce. Definitions of
technical terms.
Tracing. Tracing cloth and a plan or a drawing of some engineer-
ing structure are furnished the applicant, who will be required
to make a tracing in India ink.

Schedule B, Class 13, Division B (Instrument Mak).

Handwriting. "\

Spelling. >■ Same as Division A.

Education and experience. 3

Algebra. To and including the solution of simultaneous equations
of the second degree.

Sample Questions.

a:- 1 -

1. Simplify, as far as possible, the expression ^ '

^a? + 3

2. Solve the equation (t + "I ^ ~ It )-}-2a?=a.

\6 a/ \o a/

3. The circumference of the hind-wheel of a carriage is greater

by 4 feet than that of the fore-wheel. In travelling 1,200
yards, the fore-wheel makes 7/) revolutions more than the
hind-wheel. Find the circumference of each wheel.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. ir>3

4. A man has two square lots of unequal size, together contain-

ing 15,025 square feet. If the lots were contiguous, il
would require 530 feet of fence to embrace tbem in a
single enclosure of six sides. Find the area of each lot.

5, Solve, for either x or y, the simul- J a^ -|- 3 y^ = 28

taueous equations \ xr -\- 2 y^ -\- x ij =z IQ

Geometry. The applicant will be expected to have such famil-
iarity with the principal theorems of plane and solid geometry
as will enable him to solve simple problems dealing with lines,
angles, areas and volumes. Demonstrations of theorems will

not be required.

Sample Questions,

1. The altitudes of two equilateral triangles are respectively
as 3 to 4. Find the ratio of their areas, and give your
reasoning.

.2. Show how, by geometrical construction, you would divide
a given straight line into any required number of equal
parts. Give the' reasoning upon which you base your
construction.

3. Find the length of the perimeter of an equilateral triangle

which would enclose one acre.

4. A metal cylinder 5 feet long and 8 inches in diameter is

turned down in a lathe to a diameter of 6 inches. Find
the total weight of metal removed, assuming 450 pounds
per cubic foot.

5. A cone measures 32 feet around the base, and the length of

its slope is 8 feet. Find the number of cubic yards it

contains.
Trigonometry. Plane trigonometry, — trigonometrical functions,
properties of logarithms and use of logarithmic table, solu-
tion of triangles, either right or oblique, by either natural
functions or logarithms.

Sample Questions.

1. What do you understand by the cosine of an angle ? By the

tangent? By the versed sine? The sine of a certain
angle is -J^; compute its cosine. What is the cosine of
135°?

2. What do you understand by the base of a system of loga-

rithms? What is the base of the common system? In
the common system, what is the logarithm of 1? Of
1,000? Of 0.01?

3. Compute by logarithms :

3.7096 X 286.51 X 0.2956 ™ ^,..,3 ^

1633772 ' (23.8464)3; \/o.0042937.

164 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

4. In a right-angled triangle the hypothenuse measures 154

feet, and one of the acute angles 4id° 5^^ Compute, by
natural functions, the lengths of the sides ; determine also
the area of the triangle.

5. In an oblique triangle, the angle B measures 19^ 2V 40'^

the angle A 103'' ^5^ and the side opposite B 87.36 feet.
Compute, by logarithms, one of the remaining sides.

Duties. Questions relating to the details of the work of the second
man in a surveying party, in the field and office, including the
construction, adjustment, care and use of the transit and level ;
compass and stadia surveying ; details of surveying and level-
ling, keeping field notes, measuring and computing earth work.
Definition of technical terms.

Plotting. Plotting a survey by co-ordinates from field notes, ink-
ing-in plot and lettering a title.

Sample Question,

Plot accurately, on a scale of 20 feet to an inch, the survey of a
lot of land given in the following notes : —

station.

Bearing.

Distance.

N. 35° O' E.

108.00 feet

N. 83** 30^ E.

51.60 ''

S. 57° 0' K.

88.80 "

S. 34° 15' W.

142.00 "

N. 56° 30' \V.

129.20 ''

Ink-in the plot, mark the bearing and length of each side, and
letter the following title, making your own arrangement :
" Plan of land belonging to John Smith, December, 1897.
Scale, 20 feet to an inch." (Arrange and space all
letters, and finish enough in each line to show your
skill.)

Schedule B, Class 13, Division C (Assistant Engineer, Junior

Grade) .

Education and experience. Same as Division A.
Algebra. To and including the solution of simultaneous equations
of the second degree.

Sample Questions.
1. Find, in as simple form as possible, the value of

/J A+^i^/J 5_\

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 165

2. Increase the length of a given rectangle 2 feet, and its width

1 foot, and its area is increased 12 square feet. On the
other hand, diminish its length 3 feet, and its width 2 feet,
and its area is diminished 11 square feet. What is the
perimeter of the rectangle?

3. Francis' formula for the discharge over suppressed weirs is

Q = 3.33 I h^^ in which, if I and h are in feet, Q is in
cubic feet per second. If fe be 0.324 foot, what value
of I will correspond to 5.37 cubic feet per second for Q ?

4. A boat's crew rowed down stream 7 miles and back in

3 hours 20 minutes. The velocity of the current was

2 miles per hour. How many miles per hour would the
crew make in still water?

5. Two loans, together amounting to $45,000, are made at

different rates of interest, but the amounts borrowed are
such that the respective annual interest payments are
equal. If the first loan were to be charged the second's
rate of interest, its annual payment would be $800 ; and
if the second loan were to be charged the first's rate of
interest, its annual payment would be $1,250. Find the
respective rates of interest.
Geometry. The applicant will be expected to have such familiar-
ity with the principal theorems of plane and solid geometry
as will enable him to solve simple problems dealing with lines,
angles, areas and volumes. Demonstrations of theorems ivill

not be required.

Sample Qae^ions,

1. Explain, by reference to a sketch, how you would divide a

line that is 26 inches long into three parts proportional
to the numbers 2, f , J. Compute also the lengths of the
respective parts.

2. A hexagonal bar of steel, 10 feet 8 inches long, measures

12 inches around the perimeter of a right section. What
is the weight of the bar, at 490 pounds per cubic foot?

3. A trapezoidal lot of land, 120 feet in length, measured per-

pendicularly between its parallel ends, tapers uniformly
and equally on both sides from a width of 24 feet at one
end to 14 feet at the other end. Where should it be cut
transversely, that is, parallel to the ends, so as to make
two pieces of equal area?
4. The base of a pyramid contains 144 square feet. A plane
parallel to the base and four feet from the vertex cuts a
section containing 64 square feet. What is the height
of the pyramid?

166 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

5. A hollow cylinder 4 feet in diameter and 15 feet long, lying

upon its side, is filled with water until the latter touches

two-thirds of the circumference, at which time it is also

within 1 foot of the top. How much water does the

cylinder then contain ?

Trigonometry. Plane trigonometry, — trigonometrical functions,

properties of logarithms and use of logarithmic table, solution

of triangles, either right or oblique, by either natural functions

or logarithms.

Sample Questions,

1. The value of the sine of a ceitain angle is |f. Without

using tables, find the value of cosine, tangent, cotangent,
secant and cosecant, and show clearly your method.

2. Three times the sine of a certain angle is equal to twice

the square of the cosine of the same angle. What is the
angle ?

3. By loganthms obtain the value of the following expres-

sion : —

^0.68291^* X J 5.9546 X ^61.2

298.543

4. Two tangents to a circular curve of 3,000 feet radius inter-

sect so as to include an interior angle of 157® 8'. Find
the length of either tangent from point of contact with
curve to point of intersection, using natural functions.

5. A distance A B across a stream is to be determined. A

base line A (7, 200 feet long, is measured off on one
bank, sights are taken from each end of it to B^ and the
angles which the lines of sight make with the base are
measured, A being 104'* 53' and C 58° 11'. Compute
the distance A B, using logarithms.
Duties. (Questions relating to the work of the head of an engineer-
ing field party, including the special work of surveying in
cities, giving lines and grades for construction, measuring and
estimating earth, rock and quantities in engineering structures ;
definition of technical terms ; surveying problems.
Engineering theory. Elementary principles of mechanics, hydro-
statics and hydraulics, and theic application to simple prob-
lems. Problems in sur\'eying.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 167

Sample Questions,

(^Applicants are required to answer hut three questions.)
1. The notes of a survey and the calculated latitudes and de-
partures are as follows : —

stations.

Bearings.

Dlitanoei.

Latltades.

Departures.

N. 30° 0' E.

328.68

284.64

164.34

N. 57° 45' E.

306.90

163.78

259.54

S. 39° 30' E.

396.00

305.58

251.87

S. 37° 15' W.

391.38

311.53

236.92

N. 69° 15' W.

465.96

165.07

435.78

Balance the survey, give the error of closure and calculate the
area.

2. Two streets intersect at an angle of 42° 28'. It is desired

to ease the acute-angled intersection, making the street
boundary a circular curve of ten feet radius, tangent to
the street lines. Give the area of the land to be taken,
and the length of each line bounding it.

3. What should be the cross-section * of a yellow pine beam

12 feet long, supported at both ends, to sustain with

safety a centre load of 5,000 pounds?
What should be the cross-section if the load is uniformly

distributed ?
If a beam of the same length is fixed at one end only, and

has the same load concentrated at the other, what should

be the cross-section?
Assume for all cases an extreme fibre strain of 1,250 pounds

per square inch. The moment of inertia of a rectangle

is ^^.

4. Compute the number of square yards of paving in the road

bed of a section of a curved street 30 feet wide, the radius
of the centre line being 175 feet and the angle at the
centre being 47 degrees.

5. A rectangular wall 10 feet high, weighing 140 pounds

per cubic foot, would need to be how thick in order to
be stable against overturning, if exposed to the pres-
sure of water standing level with its top on one side
only?

6. Compute the tension in pounds per square inch in the metal

of a water pipe, if the metal be i inch thick, the inside
diameter of pipe 2 feet, and the water pressure that due
to a static head of 207 feet.

168 AL\SSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

7. The diameter of a steam engiDe cylinder is 9 inches, the
length of crank 10 inches, the number of revolutions per
minute 110, and the mean effective pressure of the steam
35 pounds per square inch. Find the indicated horse-
power.
Materials and methods of construction. Properties and charac-
teristics of the various materials used in engineering construc-
tion ; proper tests to be applied to ascertain their strength and
other qualities ; methods employed in preparing and placing
the materials in the work ; definition of technical terms.
The questions which have been given have related to stone and
brick masonry, methods of laying and bonding various classes
of masonry, and the qualities of the several materials entering
into their construction ; to the different kinds of hydraulic
cements, their strengths and methods of testing ; to concrete,
the proper propoii;ions of the several ingredients and methods
of mixing and depositing under different conditions ; to the
different kinds of roads and pavements, the materials used
and methods of building ; to the properties and" characteristics
of cast iron, wrought iron and steel, ta the uses for which each
is best adapted, and to their strengths and methods of testing
the same. Definition of technical terms in common use in
engineering specifications.

Schedule B, Class 13, Division D (Assistant Engineer, Senior

Grade) .

Education and experience. Same as Division A.

Trigonometry. Plane trigonometry, — trigonometrical functions,

properties of logarithms and use of logarithmic table, solution

of triangles, either right or oblique, by either natural functions

or logarithms.

Sample Questions.

1. The value of the tangent of a certain angle is -f^. Without

using tables, find the value of sine, cosine, cotangent,
secant and cosecant, and show clearly your method.

2. Water runs 42 inches deep in a 48-inch circular conduit.

What is the area of the water section?

3. By logarithms obtain the value of the following expres-

sion : —

A.68291^^ X ^/o.9r)48 X \/^l'^

,298.543

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 169

4. Two tangents to a circular curve of 2,900 feet radius inter-

sect so as to include an interior angle of 157** 8'. Find
the length of either tangent from point of contact with
curve to point of intersection, using natural functions.

5. A distance A B across a stream is to be determined. A

base line A C7, 220 feet long, is measured off on one bank,
sights are taken from each end of it to B, and the angles
which the lines of sigiit make with the base are measured,
A being 104** 53' and C 58** 11'. Compute the distance,
A B, using logarithms.
Engineenng theory. Same as Division C.
Materials and methods of construction. Same as Division C (ex-

cept for surveyors *) .
Designing. This subject requires the applicant to make a complete
design of an engineering structure in the particular line of work
in which he is engaged, or in which he seeks employment, and
to answer pertinent questions as to the. actual work of construc-
tion. Data to the extent usually available in actual practice
will be given, and from these the applicant must make the nec-
essary computations, prepare plans and sketches, showing
clearly his design, and write a brief specification of the work to
be done, the whole to be in sufficient detail to enable a definite
proposal to be made for building the proposed structure.
At the beginning of his second day's work each applicant has been
required to announce his choice of some one of the following
optional subjects upon which he elected to be examined : —

(1) Design for a plate girder bridge.

(2) Design for a through truss highway bridge.

(3) Design for a bridge abutment of masonry, with wing walls.

(4) Design for a street intersection.

(5) Advanced surveying, and surveying problems.

(6) Design for the cross-section of a trunk sewer.

(7) Design for a system of separate sewers.

(8) Questions relating mainly to excavation and embankment ;
heavy masonry construction in tunnels, aqueducts and walls ;
water-pipe laying ; and the interpretation of drawings. A cer-
tain amount of choice has been permitted in the subdivisions
of this class.

* For surveyors (instead of materials and methods of construction) : Advanced
surveying. Questions in geodetic, topographic and hydrographic surveying ; methods
of accurate land surveying and levelling in cities ; details of the work of laying out
and grading new streets and relocating old streets ; evidence of ownership in disputed
boundary lines. Surveying problems.

170 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

» Same as Division A^

Schedule B, Class 13, Division E (Draughtsman, Junior

Grade) .

Handwriting.

Spelling.

Education.

Experience.

Arithmetic.

Algebra.

Geometry.

Tracing.

Instead of the subject called '^ Duties/' which appears in the
rodman's examination, the applicants for this division will be
given elementary drawing.

Schedule B, Class 13, Division F (Draughtsman, Senior

Grade).
Handwriting. ^

Spelling. V Same as Division A.

Education and experience. )

Arithmetic. Including common and decimal fractions, percentage,
square root, mensuration of rectangular surfaces and solids.

Sample Questions.

1. Change the following lengths to feet and inches, giving the

answers to the nearest eighth of an inch: 12.56 feet;
6.82 feet; 4.20 feet.

2. Divide one and six hundred sixteen thousandths by eight

ten-thousandths.

3. Add \l , ^ and ^, and from the sum subtract nine thousand

one hundred forty-seven hundred-thousandths. Carry
the work to five places of decimals,

4. Twenty-five thousand feet, board measure, of 2-inch plank

were sent from the lumber yard to cover the roadway of
a bridge 260 feet long and 42 feet wide. What per cent,
of the planking was wasted ?
Algebra. To and including the solution of simultaneous equa-
tions of the second degree.

Sample Questions.

1 TIT 14-- 1 10 a«y , 8 6*a:»

1. Multiply -^ by ^-^.

2. Divide a* - 6 as* + 5 as* - 1 by a!» + 2 as* - a: - 1.

EXAMINATION PAPERS. 171

3. There are three numbers. If we add J the first to ^ the

second plus ^ the third, the sum will be 62. Or ^ the
first plus ^ the second plus ^ the third equals 47. Or ^
the first plus ^ the second plus ^ the third equals 38.
Find the numbers.

4. Solve the equation 4 a: = 14.

5. A rectangular plot of ground is surrounded by a walk 7 feet

wide. The area of the plot and walk is 15,000 square
feet, and of the walk 3,696 square feet. Find the length
and breadth of the plot.
Geometry. The applicant will be expected to hare such famil-
iarity with the principal theorems of plane and solid geometry
as will enable him to solve simple problems dealing with lines,
angles, areas and volumes. Demonstrations of theorems wiU

7iot be required.

Sample Questions.

1. Through the vertex of a right angle a straight line of in-

definite length IS drawn, lying outside the angle. What
is the sum of the two acute angles thereby formed? Give
your reasoning,

2. If the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle is a right

angle, what ratio exists between the base and the altitude ?
Give your reasoning,

3. Supposing a tangent drawn to a circle from a given point

without ; show by a sketch how you would determine the
precise point of tangency. Give the reasons for your
Tnethod.

4. The bases of a trapezoid are 32 feet and 20 feet respectively.

Each of the other sides is 1 0 feet. Find the area of the
trapezoid.

5. A cubic foot of brass is drawn into a wire I of an inch in

diameter. Find the length of the wire to the nearest

foot. 7r = 3.1416.

Trigonometry. Plane trigonometi*y, — trigonometrical functions,

properties of logaiithms and use of logarithmic table, solution

of triangles, either right or oblique, by either natural functions

or logarithms.

Sample Questions,

1. In a triangle ABC the angle A is 90** ; the side ^ £ is 4

units long, AC 3 units, and BC 5 units. State, from
inspection of the figure, the value of the cosine of the angle
C; the sine of B; the tangent of C; the secant of B,

2. Construct on paper an angle of 53** 14' by means of its tangent

(to be obtained from the tables), and explain your method.

172 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

3. Multiply 4978.3 by (0.2910)'* and divide the result by

V 1.985 using logarithms for all the computations.

4. A regular octagon is inscribed in a circle of 8 feet diameter.

Compute the length of a side, using only natural functions
for the angles.

5. From a point in the same horizontal plane with the base of

a tower, the angle of elevation of its top is 50° 39' ; and
from a point 100 feet further away it is 35° 16'. Re-
quired the height of the tower.
Duties. Questions relating to the implements, materials and
methods used in making maps and plans. Details of plans,
such as lettering titles, coloring and ornamenting ; scales,
north points, etc.
Methods of duplicating, preserving and cleaning plans, etc.
Tracing. Same as Division A.

Plotting. Plotting a survey by co-ordinates from field notes, ink-
ing-in plot and lettering a title.

Sample Quei<ti07i,

Plot accurately, on a scale of 30 feet to an inch, the survey of a
parcel of land given in the following notes : —

station.
1.

Bearing.

N. 48° 30' E.

Distance.

213.00 feet.

. S. 42° 15' E.

193.80 ''

S. 49° 15' W.

162.00 *'

N. 82°15' VV.

77.40 "

N. 42° 45' W.

133.20 "

Locate station one 5^ inches from the bottom of the drawing

paper and two inches from the left mai'gin.
Ink-in the plot, mark the bearing and length of each side, draw a
north point and letter the following title, making your
own arrangement: ^^Plan of land in Boston belonging
to John Smith, March, 1898. Scale, 30 feet to an inch."
Drawing. This subject calls for the making of a detailed drawing
of an engineering structure, the whole to be finished in India
ink and neatly lettered. A rough sketch will be furnished,
giving the general dimensions of the structure, and such other
data will be supplied as a chief draughtsman or designer in
actual practice would give to his assistant to enable him to
prepare a set of working drawings.
In examinations already held, the applicants have been required
to make the drawings of a masonry abutment for a high-
way bridge.

FORMS FOR APPOLNTING OFFICERS. 173

FORMS FOR APPOINTING OFFICERS.

[The following forms are famished for the information and convenience of officers
making appointments to positions in the classified serrice of the Commonwealth and
the cities thereof. Ther are furnished merely by way of suggestion, and not at
forms prescribed by law to be strictly followed.]

Form for Nomination, by a Mayor, of Police Offlcers— Probationary

Term.

I hereby nominate, subject to the approval and confirmation of the
Board of Aldermen, , to be a police officer of the city

of , with all the powers of a constable except the power of

serving and executing civil process, to hold said office for a probationary
period of six months, as provided in the civil service rules of the Common-
wealth, unless sooner discharged.

Form for Nomination, by a Mayor, of Police Officers— After Proba-

tloncury Term.

, haying served as a police officer for a probationary period
of six months, and his conduct and capacity having been found satisfac-
tory, I hereby nominate, subject to the approval of the Board of Alder-
men, said , to be a police officer of the city of , with all
the powers of a constable except the power of serving and executing civil
.process.*

Form of Warrant for Police Officer appointed for Probationary

Term.

This is to certify that has been appointed a police officer

of the city of , with all the powers of a constable except

the power of serving and executing civil process, said appointment being
made under the civil service rules of the Commonwealth for a probation-
ary term of six months, beginning on the day of
AD. 19 .

* In cities where the ordinances provide that appointment shall be made for a
limited time, it would be well to add, ** to hold office for the term and according to
the tenure prescribed by the laws and ordinances."

174 MASSACHUSETTS CIVIL SERVICE.

Form of Warrant for Police OfBcers appointed after Probationary

Term.

This is to certify that , having^ served a probationary period of

six months, as required by the civil service rules of the Commonwealth,
has been appointed a police officer of the city of , with all the

powers of a constable except the power of serving and executing civil
process.*

Form of Notice to Persons, other than Polioe Offloers, appointed

for a Probationary Term.

This is to inform you tliat, under the provisions of the civil service
rules, ha selected you for appointment to the position

of In the for a probationary term of six months from

the date when you begin service. Should your conduct and efficiency
during such probationary term prove satisfactory, you will, at its close,
receive a regular appointment; otherwise your appointment will cease.
The salary attached to such position is at the rate (ff $

This conditional appointment does not preclude prompt discharge from
«ervlce at any time during such probationary term, in case of misconduct
or inefficiency.

A prompt reply is requested, stating whether this appointment is
accepted, and giving the earliest date when you can present yourself for
service.

Notice to Persons, other than Police Officers, appointed after Pro-
bationary Term.

Your conduct and capacity, during the probationary term of six months,
having been found satisfactory, you are hereby appointed a in

the department [or office] at a salary of ^ , beginning

on the day of , A.D. 19 .

Notice to Persons whose Conduct or Capacity has not proved
'Satisfactory during the Probationary Term.

I have to inform you that your conduct [or capacity] during your
employment in department as , for a probationary term

of six months, has not been found satisfactory, and that, in accordance
with the terms of your original appointment, as prescribed in the civil
service rules of the Commonwealth, your employment in said department
will cease on the day of , A.D. 19 .

♦ See note to second form.

INDEX.

PAGE

Act, civil service 54-71

Age of persons examined 10/21, 35

limit of 77,78

of female applicants for positions in Schedule A 77

of applicants for positions in Schedule B 77, 78

of call substitutes for examination 77

Aids to Fire Marshal 75

Aldermen, recommendation of 58, 79

Applicants, complaints to be made in writing 97, 104

character of 76

eligible two years 82

instructions to ' . . . 108

may be required to furnish additional certificates of character ... 76

may be given certificate of marking 82

may inspect their examination papers 97

must obtain 65 per cent 81

must prove good character 76

must present themselves promptly for examination 98

qualifications of 75-78

residence and citizenship 75, 90

when excluded from examination and from the eligible list . . . . 76, 80

when entitled to a hearing 76

Application 57, 78-80

date of reception 80

defective applications returned 80

false statements in 80, 90

form of ... 78

may be made at any time 78

must be filed at least one week before examination 110

must be on blank form 78

must be supported by certificates of good character, etc 79,90

must be under oath 57, 78

new application, when filed 80

not received from any vender of intoxicating liquor, or person habitually
using intoxicating beverages to excess, or any person convicted of any

offence against the laws within the year 58, 76, 90

not received from same person for more than two classes, except veterans . 80

of veterans 79

papers may be destroyed 69

papers remain on file 104

received for two classes 80

statements contained in 57, 78

when defective, will be returned 80

178 INDEX.

Application — Concluded, pack

where filed 78, 79, 108

where special qnaliflcatioas are required, may be made by non-residents . 76

Appointed, but not employed 85

Appointing officers, cannot receive or consider recommendations made by sen-
ators and others, except as to character and residence of applicants . . 58, 79

forms for 173

may summon applicants before them 85

must retnm papers 85

must select from those certified 59, 83, 85

request for further certification of person 84

to be furnished with the examination papers of persons certified ... 85

to report appointments 68, 86, 87

to send notice of selection, rejection, transfer, promotion, etc. . 68, 86, 87

Appointments 10, 11, 21 j 35, 58, 86

after dismissal 86, 94

after previous service 86

can be made only in accordance with rules 85

in cases of emergency 87, 93

must be reported 58, 86, 87, 93

no person shall be appointed without requisition 83

number of veterans 10, 11, 21, 36, 38, 42, 45, 49

permanent 86

probationary 86

provisional 85, 87

responsibility for 72

shall not be aflbcted or influenced by political or religions opinions or afllli-

ations 81

temporary service 87

temporary, without examination, for not more than ten days .... 87

to be made from names certified 69, 83, 85, 92

when less number made than requisition calls for 84, 92

Assessments for political purposes . . . 60, 61

Attorney-General may file information 62

Boards of examiners 6-8, 55, 73, 97

names ' 6-8

regulations for 97

special instructions 105

Boston police promotion 88

Boys in labor service classified 89

Call men, Boston fire department 57, 77

Cambridge labor service 10, 45-48

Certificates, persons examined may have, of marking .82

Certification 83, 84, 103

additional names 84, 93

by reason of proficiency in any special subject . . . . ' . . . 83

confined to three highest 83

disqualified for 103

method of 84, 103

more than three times 84

of veterans who have passed examination S3

INDEX. 179

•

Certification — Concluded, pags

of three most eligible persons 83

of persons of one sex 84

soldier exemption law 59, 60, 79, 82

soldier preference 56, 59, 60, 83, 84

three separate times 70, 84

to fill more than one vacancy 84

upon non-competitive examination 85, 86

nnder exemption law 59

where special qualifications are required 83

Character of applicants 76, 79

burden of proof as to 76

certificates of 76, 79

when found bad 76

Chief examiner, appointment and duties of 54, 96

Chief superintendents 56

Chiefs of police 56

Citizens, applicants must be 75

City physician to make physical examinations 82

Civil engineers 75

divisions of 159-172

Civil service act and amendments 54-^71

Classification of service 73

Clerical assistance, commissioners may apply to the proper authorities . 73

Clerks, promotion of 88

Commissioners, cannot advise a^ to yacancies, etc 104, 109

expenses of 54

how appointed 54

may appoint chief examiner and secretary 54

may subdivide classes 81

may summon witnesses 54

names and addresses 5

report of 9-11

salary of 54

shall keep records of all proceedings 55

term of service 54

to prepare rules 55

to report to General Court 55

to supervise and administer the rules 55

Compensation of examiners ' .... 98

Complaints may be made to commissioners 97, 104

Condition, physical, failure in 99

Conduct, criminal or infamous 76

Contributions for political purposes 60, 61

Conviction of oflbnce against the laws within the year 58

Councilman, recommendation of 58, 79

Dates of examinations 110-120

Deaths to be reported 86

Deputy superintendents 75

Discharges, to be reported to the commissioners 58, 59, 86

of laborers for cause 94

responsibility for 72

Dismissal, appointment after 86, 94

Dismissals to be reported • • 58, 59, 86

180 INDEX.

PAOB

Disqaalificatdons 58,76,91,91,103

Dissolute habits of applicants 76

District police 69,74,77,141

age 77

examination for 141-146

height 77

Draughtsmen 75, 160, 170

Draw-tenders and assistant draw-tenders 75

examination for 151

Education of persons examined and passed 10, 21, 36

Elections, office holders forbidden to use their official authority .... 61
Eligibles, in Schedule A, Class 2, may also be placed in Class 1 . .103

instructions to 108

list open to inspection 58

persons remain two years on eligible list 82

priority of date no advantage 103, 109

prison service, names may be placed on other list 103

State eligibles may be placed on list of city in which they reside and vice versa . 109

when may be removed from list 80

Emergency, definition of 87, 93

appointments must be reported within five days ...... 93

temporary appointments 87

Engineers of school buildings in Boston 57, 75

in labor service classified 89

otlier cities .75

Everett labor service 11, 53

Examinations 9, 11, 15-36, 81

appointing officer to be furnished with papers of persons certified ... 85

applicants must obtain 65 per cent 81

applicants must present themselves promptly 98

commissioners may apply for temporary quarters 73

competitive 9, 15, 98

dates of 110-120

exclusion from, on account of bad character, etc 76

for positions not classified 89

for promotion 88, 99

how conducted 98

in cities other than Boston and in towns 16-20

in technical or special subjects 81

marking in 82, 100

no questions as to political or religious opinions 57, 81

non-com petitive 9, 16, 36, 87, 99, 100

notice to appear for 80, 108

number of 9, 15, 22-36

number of persons examined, passed and appointed . .9, 10, 20, 21, 35

papers may be destroyed 69

papers to be furnished to appointing officers 85

papers remain on file 104

physical 82

schedule of 110-120

shall be practical and impartial 57, 81

special 81, 100

special non-competitive * . . . 81, 100

INDEX. 181

ExftminatioDfl — Concluded. paob

specimens of papera 121-172

subjects of 81

tabulated statements of 22-35

time and place for, to be designated by commissioners 81

to test physical condition 82, 98

to be practical 57, 81

veterans notified first 80

when and where held 81, 110-120

Examiner, physical 6, 99

Examiners, boards of 6-8,55,73,97

compensation of 98

designated by commissioners 55

duties of 97

names of 6-8

regulations for 97

special instructions to 105

when cannot serve 55

who become applicants must vacate office 98

Executive Council, confirmation by 56

Exemption of veterans from examination 59, 79, 82

Exemptions from classification 56

Experts designated to assist at examinations 73

Fall River, reserve police force 67

False statements in application papers 80

Fjre service of Boston 57,74,77,98,99

applicants measured in bare feet and weighed naked 78

age, height, weight 77

age of call substitutes 77

call force 57, 77

call men certified on educational standing 99

call substitutes 77

failure in physical condition 99

minimum height 57

physical examination of 82

promotion 88

weight given in physical examination 99

Fire service, cities other than Boston 70, 75, 78

age, height, weight 70, 78

Foreman and sub-foreman of laborers 75, 88

examination for 152-155

Forms for appointing officers 173

Foxcroft, Frank, qualified as Civil Service Commissioner 9

<3eneral average standing, must obtain 65 per cent. 81

Grading 82

Health, when ill health or physical disability may disqualify .... 103
Height of applicants for positions in Schedule B 77, 78

182 INDEX.

PACK

Information may be filed by Attorney-General 62

Inspectors 74, 75, 125, 126, 141, 152, 165

Instructions to applicants and eligibles 108

to examiners 105

InvestigationB, commissioners may summon witnesses 54

Janitors of school baildings in Boston 57, 75, 88, 156

in cities other than Boston 75, 159

Jndidal oflScers, exemption 56

Laborers and mechanics 10, 37-53, 57, 60, 89

age limit recognized 60, 92

applicants must renew eligibility 90

Boston 37-41

boys in serrioe classified 89

Cambridge 10,45-48

certificates for special service 91

certificates not received from appointing officer unless, etc 91

cities to which rules apply 10, 11

city may appropriate a sufildent sum 63, 89

commissioners may refuse to register -91

commissioners may require examinations 91

discharge for cause 39, 48, 47, 50, 94

Everett 11,63

in cities 60, 63

method of registration 90, 91

must produce certificates as to character and capacity 90

must be citizens and residents six months 90

name restored to register 91

New Bedford 10,49-51

Newton 11

not to be employed in labor other than that for which certified ... 94

number registered, certified and appointed 37-53

number of veterans registered and appointed 37-53

preference of veterans 91, 92

registrar of 54, 97

registration and certification, when discontinued in cities .... 89

registration, selections, etc 57, 90-94

reinstatement 94

requisitions for 91

requisitions for young men 60, 92

selection from certified list 92

selection in cases of emergency 93

suspension for six months 93

tabulated statement 37-53

transfer of 93, 94

veterans must produce certificate of service in army or navy .... 91

veterans, registration and employment of 90-92

when discharged for incompetence, etc 94

INDEX. 18a

Laborers and mechanics — Concluded, paok

when failed to respond after notification 93

Worcester 10,42-44

Law, civil service 54-71

Legislation, suggestions of 11

Liquor, no application received from a person habitually using, to excess . . 58, 76

city shall not pay for 62

use of 58, 76

venders of 58, 76

Marking and grading 82, 100-102

Massachusetts Reformatory, officer in county jail may be transferred to . . 64

Mechanics and laborers 10, 37-53, 57, 60, 89

Medal of honor 59,79

Messengers 74, 129

examination for 129

Metropolitan park police, qnaliflGations 77

Milton, town of, police and flre departments classified 66

Military service, restoration after 60

Moral qualifications 76

Natick, police and fire forces 68

New application, when can be filed 80 ,

New Bedford labor service 10,49-51

Newton labor service 11

Non-competitive examinations 9, 15, 36, 87, 89, 99, 100

Non-residents, when may be examined 76

Notice of selection, appointing officer to send 58, 86, 87, 93

Office boys 74

Office-holders forbidden to use their official authority and influence in certain

cases ; ... 61

Officers of department 5

Offices not classified 56,89

not included in rules, applicants may be examined 89

Official authority, corrupt use of 60, 61

Penalty for violations of mles 62

Permanent appointments after probation 86

Physical examinations, commissioners will provide for 82

by whom made 82, 99

blanks 131, 135, 137, 140, 144, 148, 150

condition shall not fall below 65 per cent 99

condition, failure in 99

defect, physical 103

for State Prison and Massachusetts Reformatory applicants . . • • 99

how marked 99

incapacity 103

184 INDEX.

PAOB

Physical examiner 6, 99

Plumbing inspectors, examination for 9, 35, 96

Police of Boston 74, 78, 88, 98, 99

applicants measured in bare feet and weighed naked 78

applicants who fail in physical examination 99

age, height, weight 78

failure in physical condition 99

promotion 88

weight given in physical examination 99

Police of other cities, age, height, weight 77

reserve officers 64, 74, 85

special police " 74, 85

to include all doing police duty, permanently or temporarily .... 74

Politics not to be revealed in examinations 57

Preference, veteran 56, 59, 60, 83, 84

Prison service, age of applicants 66

names of eligibles may be placed on other list 103

minimum height and weight 77

when physical examination required 99, 109

Probation 56, 86

original appointments 86

Promotion 56, 88

Boston police force 88

clerks 88

fire department 88

in classes other than Boston police 88

of veterans 88

to be reported to commissioners 58, 86

veteran preference 56, 88

Pjoviiiional appointment 85, 87

Qualifications 75

moral 76, 79

physical 82,98,99

special 81, 83

Quo warranto, Attorney-General may file 62, 66

Reappointment 86, 94

to same oflSce without examination 86

Recommendations from senators and others, except as to character and residence

cannot be received or considered by appointing oflScers . . . 58, 79

Recommendations to be preserved 55

Records open to public inspection 55

preservation of 68

Reduction in rank 72

Refreshments, wines, liquors, cigars, etc 62

Registrar of labor 5, 54, 97

Registration clerks in cities 6

Rej^rulations 96-104

commissioners to issue 72

Reinstatement 86, 94

Rclii^ious belief not to be revealed in examinations 57

INDEX. 185

PAOS.

Removals, an act to regnlate . ^ 70

notice and hearing given to person removed 71

responsibilitjA for 72

to be reported to commissioners 68, 86

Report of commissioners 9-11

Report of secretary and cliief examiner 15-36

Reports, appointing officer to report appointments, transfers, etc. . . 68, 86, 87

appointing officer to report every temporary appointment ' , .87

Representative, recommendation of 58, 79

Request, by appointing officer, for further certification of person .... 84

Requisition to be made 83

for names of veterans 83

for laborers 91

how filled 83, 84, 91

when unable to fill 86, 92

Reserve police 64, 74, 86

of Fall River 67

Residents, applicants must be 76, 90

Resignation, appointment after 86

must be reported 86

Restoration to list 82

Rod men 75, 159, 160-162

Rules 72-96

changes shall be published 56

given general or limited application 55, 56

may be altered or rescinded 55

penalty for violation of 62

prepared by commissioners and approved by Governor and Council . 65

publication of 66

shall be published and printed for distribution 56

Schedule of examinations 110-120-

School committee, appointments by 56, 57, 76

School janitors in Boston 57, 76, 156

in cities other than Boston 75, 159

Secretary, appointment and duties of 64, 96

report of 16-36

Selection, method of 83, 85

to be made from names certified 59, 83, 85

Senator, recommendation of 58, 79

Soldiers' exemption 59, 79, 82

preference 56, 59, 60, 83, 84

Somerville fire department, appointments in 65

Special examinations 81, 100

Special police 74, 86

Special qualifications 81,83

Special subject, applicants must obtain 65 per cent. . . ' . . . 81

certification by reason of proficiency in 83

Statements, false 80

State prison service, age of applicants 66

officer in county jail may be transferred to 64

Stenographers 73, 74

examination for 127

Strength tests 99

blanks * . . . 137, 160

186 INDEX.

PAGB

Subdiylsion of daases 81

Subscription for political pnrpoiea . . * 60, 61

Substitute offldala 85

Superintendent! and awiitanti 75

Supernumerary offldaU ^ 85

Surreyors dassifled . * .'76

Suspension 70, 82. 93

an act to regolate 70

notice and hearing glyen to person suspended 71

Teachers exempted 56

Technical subjects, examination in 81

Temporary service, appointment for 87

proYlsional appointment for 87

Towns, provisions of dvil service act extended to . 63, 75

Transfers 64,87

notice and hearing given to person transferred 71

of laborers 93

of policemen 87

upon non-competitive examination 87

Transitmen 75

Truant officers in Boston 57, 64,75, 78

age of 78

examination for 158

Yacandes, method of filling 83

no advice as to 104, 109

Venders of intoxicating liquors cannot apply . . . . . . 58, 76

Veterans exempt from examination 59, 79, 82

certification of 88

labor service, number registered and employed . 10, 11, 37-53

meaning of word veteran 69, 79

not to be removed without a hearing 59

number appointed without examination 10, 21

number examined, passed and appointed 9,21,35

physical impairment 59

precedence in notification for examination 80

preference in appointments . . 56, 59

preference in promotions 56, 88

promotion of 88

requisitions for S3

Violations of civil service law and rules 62

Visitors 73,74

Vouchers of character 76, 79

War, restoration to public service 60

Watchmen 74

Wines, liquors, etc., dty shall not pay for 62

Witnesses, commissioners may summon 54

Worcester labor service 10, 42-44

PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

TWELFTH ANNUAL REPOET

Massachusetts
Highway Commission.

January, 1905.

BOSTON !

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Ofpicb Sqoark.

1903.

Approved by
The State Board op Publication.

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ANNUAL EEPOET

07 THE

MASSACHUSEHS HIGHWAY COMMISSION.

In accordance with the provisions of chapter 280 of the Acts
of 1903, the commission has had the sum of $450,000 for new
work during the year.

Considerable sums allotted for expenditure during the year
1903 were actually disbursed during the year 1904, unavoid-
able delays having prevented the completion of several con-
tracts.

Additional lay-outs were made during 1904, amounting to
321,203 feet (60.83 miles), bringing the grand total up to
2,987,748 feet (565.86 miles). The number of miles of road
finished during the year was approximately 66, making a total
of about 548 miles of completed State highway at the end of
the year 1904. On most of the remaining 18 miles laid out
but not completed the work is in various stages of progress,
although in a few instances no work will be done under the
contracts before the coming spring.

Since the passage of the " small town act," in 1900, 75 miles
of road in the *' small towns " have been improved..

Meetings of the Cg^imission.

The commission has held 88 meetings at its office in Boston
during the past year, besides many others at different points
in the State. The regular county hearings provided for in the
statutes have generally been well attended.

Contracts.

All work done by the commission must be done by contract,
either with the town or city authorities, or, after due adver-
tisement, with private contractors.

6 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

During the year 78 contracts for State highways were entered
into, of which 28 were with town or city authorities and 50
with private individuals or corporations.

Petitions,

The total number of petitions for the location and construc-
tion of State highways up to the date of this report is 673.
During the year 1904, 27 new petitions were received. These
petitions cover altogether 1,710.86 miles of road, and they are
from 283 towns and 27 cities. The petitions received during
the past year cover 47.6 miles of road not previously peti-
tioned for.

Street Railways.

There are at the present time street railways operating on
State roads in 113 different cities and towns. In 6 of these
municipalities there are two different companies. The length
of street railway track in the State on Sept. 30, 1904, accord-
ing to the Massachusetts Railroad Commissioners, was 2,689.53
miles.

County Assessments.

In accordance with the provisions of the statutes, the several
counties in which State roads are built are required to repay
to the State one-quarter of the amount o^pended during the
year. The time of this repayment may, if desired, extend
over six years from the date of the assessment ; but in several
instances, including some of those in which the amount of the
assessment is greatest, the counties liave prefeiTed to pay the
entire sum due at the end of each year. The amount assessed
upon the counties during the year 1904 was $132,818.25.

Construction.

No material change has been made during the past year in
the method of building roads. The question of foundation
tor roads over clayey and other non-porous soils is receiving
the careful consideration of the commission. The telfording
foundation and centre V-shaped drains are being closely
watched with reference to their behavior when the frost is
coming out of the ground in the spring. On no State road

No. 54.] CULVERTS AND BRIDGES. 7

has there been a failure of well-laid telfording foundations ;
neither has there been a failure of any V-shaped drains since
the building of the first one by the commission, three years
ago. They are apparently as effective as the telfording foun-
dation and side drains combined, and cost much less to build.

Most of the gravel roads are wearing satisfactorily, and the
cost of repairs is 'small.

The Swampscott road, built of gravel in 1897, cannot be
maintained econonaically with a gravel surface. The gravel
is expensive, it is much affected by frost, and has poor wear-
ing properties. This road will be surfaced with broken stone
during the coming year.

Culverts and Bridges.

Most of the culverts and short bridges built during the past
year have been of reinforced concrete.

The following bridges of reinforced concrete have been built
during the past year : —

Auburn, .... Two beam bridges, spans of 24 and 16 feet.
Douglas, .... A beam bridge over the Mumford River, of 22

feet span.
Fitchburg, . . .A beam bridge over Falula Brook, of 27 feet

span.
Granville, . .An arch bridge over Dickinson Brook, of 31 feet

span, designed and specifications prepared by

the commission, but built and paid for by the

town of Granville.
Natick, . . . .An arch of 10 feet span, extended and wing wall

built.
Reading-North Reading, A beam bridge over the Ipswich River at the

Reading-North Reading boundary line, of 28

feet span.
Seekonk, .... A beam bridge, of 12 feet span.
Shrewsbury, . . .A beam bridge, of 13 feet span.
Westminster, . . .A beam bridge, of 12 feet span.
Weymouth, . . .A beam bridge, of 14 feet span.

All culverts of 2 feet span or over have been built of re-
inforced concrete.

8 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

In 1901 two bridges were built over the Weweantit River,
near the dividing line between the towns of Wareham and
Marion. These bridges respectively consisted of four and five
bents, of cast-iron piles, with four piles in each bent. An
electric railway is laid over both bridges, at one side. There
has been a gradual settlement of the piles, under the railway,
the settlement beginning to show shortly after the bridges were
opened to traffic. The cross-girders were this year jacked up
to the original grade, and held there by cast-iron plates of the
proper thickness. Careful watch will be kept of this bridge,
and spur shores will be driven and secured to the different
bents, if any further settlement takes place.

Maintenance.

The law of 1900 requires a jmyment to the Commonwealth
by each municipality in which State roads are built of the cost
of maintenance of such roads, but not exceeding $50 for each
mile of State road in the respective municipalities. The total
cost of repairs was $51,896.16 in 1904 ; there will be paid back
into the State treasury the sum of $20,631.25, or about 39.76
per cent, of the total cost.

In certain parts of the State the maintenance of State roads
is more economicall}^ and better done by contract than by day
work. This is because of a local demand for labor which makes
it practically impossible to get men or horses to work on the
road during parts of the year when repairs are most needed.

The method of continuous repairs has been pursued during
the present year, the intention of the commission being to have
all part^ of State roads in good condition at all times.

Nine contracts for maintenance are now in operation, cover-
ing 63.19 miles of road.

On roads where no contract exists, the work is done under
the direction of the division engineer. All State roads are
inspected sufficiently often to discover and remove defects in a
reasonable time after they appear.

The Norton road, built under the ''small town act," was
resurfaced, as the original road was not able to withstand the
traffic. The cost of this work was $844.69, or 27.9 cents per
square yard.

No. 54.] MAINTENANCE. 9

Short pieces of the roads in Worcester, Williamstown, West
Springfield and Great Barrington, which had shown signs of
weakness, were either ripped up and strengthened by using
V-drains, or the drainage was improved by building side drains.
The Milton road, over the marshes, having continued to settle,
was raised to grade by the use of gravel and broken stone.

Resurfacing has been done on parts of the State roads in
Worcester (at the Holden line), Holden, Westport, Fairhaven,
Rehoboth, Williamstown, West Springfield, Lowell (Prince-
ton Street), Gloucester, Shelburne, Deerfield (South) and
Westminster. An analysis of the work on these roads is given
in the accompanying table.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

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No. 54,] *^ SMALL TOWN*' WORK. 11

The use of a thin coating of sand is found to be the best
method for preventing the stone from ravelling in dry weather.
Sand is now used for this purpose on practically all State roads
that show a tendency to. ravel.

When the grade of Pipestave Hill, on the West Newbury
road, was reduced, there was a heavy cut through clay, and a
long, steep bank was left, which has ever been a source of
annoyance and cost, by reason of wash-outs which filled the
gutter and partly covered the road. Two years ago the com-
mission experimented by covering this slope with a mattress
of willow logs and limbs. The willow shoots have got a good
start over the entire surface of the slope, and the washing is
stopped.

The commission would recommend that there shall be appro-
priated out of the treasury of the Commonwealth the sum of
$60,000 for the proper maintenance of the State highways,
subject to the provisions and limitations of section 16 of chap-
ter 47 of the Revised Laws.

*' Small Town" Work.

The work of the commission, under the Acts of 1900 and
1901, relating to *' small towns," has been continued during
the past year on very much the same lines as has been stated
in previous reports.

It can be seen by any interested observer that the expendi-
ture of the public funds in aiding and instructing the smaller
towns has already been of vast practical value. The work thus
done has not only excited great interest among the towns-
people, as showing them how, with the material they have at
hand, a much-improved highway can be secured without greater
cost, but has actually accomplished it under their immediate
observation. This actual demonstration is worth more to the
practical countryman than all the theoretical claims that could
possibly be made, and gets much nearer to the people them-
selves than the construction of more expensive and complete
State highways does. This is so largely because the so-called
** small town" work is more nearly what they can afford to
build themselves. The commissioners have personally made
themselves acquainted vnth the needs and desires of these

12 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

<< small towns," and have talked with the selectmen and road
superintendents, and have aided them by their advice as to
where and how the allotted sums should be spent. The engi-
neers of the commission, who have become expert under their
long experience, are of great service in solving the many prob-
lems that are presented.

On the whole, the effect of this act as it has been executed
by the commission has been satisfactory, and much good to
the travelling public has resulted ; but in order to secure the
best results entire co-operation of the towns and their officials
should be secured, so that the work begun as referred to should
be continued and improved on after the State engineei*s have
finished their part. It too often happens that the Tvork of
repair and maintenance, in other parts of a town in which the
State has rendered aid, is carried on in the old and wasteful
manner, and this notwithstanding the acknowledged improve-
ment of the commission's methods. It is, however, true that
a great improvement is manifest. As has been suggested in a
previous report, the aid that can be extended to any town is
but 40 per cent, of its own annual expenditure for road pur-
poses. It often happens that some small town, which expends
on its highways but a few hundred dollars per year, is the very
one that has the hardest hills and the worst roads, and that
their roads are used, to a very large extent, by travellers from
without its limits. It thus follows that where great public need
for improved roads exists the liands of the commission are tied,
and no material improvement can be secured. This defect in
the operation of the law could be overcome if authority were
given the commission to make greater outlay in such places
than the 40 per cent, permitted by the law.

There have been received by the commission 299 petitions
from 104 towns, and 213 allotments have been made to 88
towns, including 21 allotments which liave been made to 13
towns under the provisions of the act governing towns of over
$1,000,000 valuation. The total allotments to towns of less
than $1,000,000 valuation has been $120,500, and in towns of
over $1,000,000 valuation $24,514.30.

No. 54.] LYNN ROAD. 13

Lynn Road.

On May 26, 1902, a special appropriation of $100,000 was
made for building a road outside of the Boston, Revere Beach
& Lynn Railroad, between the Saugus River and Commercial
Street in the city of Lynn.

The entire length of this proposed road is laid over salt fiats
and marshes, the fill varying from 5 to 13 feet.

The work of building the embankment to grade 12 was
advertised, and bids were opened on Nov. 13, 1903. There
were nine bids received. The contract was awarded to the
lowest bidder, Mr. Fred E. Ellis of Melrose, the contract price
being $56,725.

The estimated quantities in this work are as follows, viz. : —

Cubic yards of earth fill, 76,600

Cubic yards of rock embankment, . . . . 15,000

Square yards of riprap, 1,600

Portland cement concrete culverts, 4

Feet of pipe drains, 176

Work was begun by Mr. Ellis on April 4, 1904, and has
been pushed as rapidly as the difficult conditions would permit.
There are in place 34,500 cubic yards of earth, 9,150 cubic
yards of rock and 1,130 square yards of ripi-ap. Three of the
four culverts have been built. It is hoped that the work under
this contract will be. finished by June 1, 1905. The remainder
of the work will soon be advertised, and, barring accidents,
the road finished in the latter part of the coming year.

The only interesting feature of the planning of this road is
the rock embankment on each side, laid on a slope of one to
one, and ending at grade 12 ; this takes the place of a riprap.
The space between the rock embankments was filled in with
sand and other soil from the adjacent flats. Part of this sand
was thrown up by dredgers, using buckets of the "Orange
peel " type, but most of it was dragged in by a scoop bucket,
attached to cables, worked by a 50 horse-power engine. The
cables were run through pulleys made fast to wooden towers,
one on the filled bank, the other 700 feet out on the flats.

U HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

After the sand was filled in behind thie rock embankment, it
was found that near the top of the wall it was moved by the
swash of the water at high tide. This was obviated by filling
in behind the top of the wall with stone chips, to give a thick-
ness of wall and chips of 4 feet.

Steam Road Rollers and Stone-crushing Machinery.

The commission has under its control 17 steam rollers and
two portable stone-crushing plants. These were purchased
primarily for the use of small toAvns which have made appro-
priations for building roads, but own no road machinery.

The steam rollers were used 660 days on town work in 24
different towns. All requests of this character were granted.
They were also used 270 days on State highway repair work,
on 32 different roads ; 374^^^ days by towns contracting for
building State roads, including the "small town" roads; and
181 days by private contractors, on State road contracts. The
total number of days* work during the year was 1,485^/^, — an
average of 87.38 days for each roller.

The total cost for maintenance for the year was $1,877.76.
The average cost of keeping the rollers in repair was $1.26 for
each day they were used.

The request from town officers has been about the same as
in previous years. Good work is being done, and work which
could not well be done by the towns in any other way.

With heavy machinery, such as this, subjected to hard usage,
which is unavoidable, the cost of repairs must of necessity be
large. Three of the rollers, Nos. 5, 8 and 10, purchased in
1896 and 1897, will need to be sent to the shop this winter
for thorough repairs. The estimated cost of these repairs is
$2,100.

One of the portable crushers has been located in the town
of Sandisfield, where it has done good service ; the other was
used in Carver and Hanson. The stone for 1.72 miles of stone
roads was crushed by these machines, a total of about 3,500
tons. The entire cost of repairs and for moving has been borne
by the towns using the crushers.

No. 54.] OFFICE WORK. 15

Surveys and Engineering Office Work.

During the year surveys for preliminary studies, estimates
and lay-outs were made in 37 towns, — a total length of 49.62
miles ; and grade stakes for construction work set in 100 towns
for a length of 89.04 miles, part of these being for unfinished
work in 1903.

Final surveys were made in 66 towns, — a total length of
69.36 miles. Surveys for *' small town" work were made in
21 towns, — a total length of 7.76 miles ; and about 6.35 miles
of miscellaneous sui^vevs were made for roads to be constructed
by towns.

Plans, profiles and cross-sections were plotted of surveys in
45 towns, representing a length of 50.19 miles.

Lay-out plans have been made of roads in 64 towns, of a
total approximate length of 60.90 miles. Plans to accompany
decrees for street railway locations on State roads, and for pro-
visional locations, have been made in 10 towns. Plans and
profiles have been made for work under the *« small town" act
in 21 towns.

Preliminary estimates in 96 towns, representing 93.77 miles,
have been made ; and also final estimates in 69 towns, repi:e-
senting 72.01 miles.

Bridge plans have been made for all the bridges constructed
during the year ; and also studies and plans have been made
for an arch bridge over the Assabet River in Concord, an arch
bridge over the Three Mle River at the Taunton-Dighton
boundary line, and a beam bridge over Walker Brook in
Becket, all of reinforced concrete.

The sui-veys of roads to be built by the towns, and paid for
out of their own funds, constitute no small part of the year's
work of the survey parties. The surveying and supervising
the building of these roads is, next to the building of State
roads, the most important work of the commission. In this
way town oflBcers get the full advantage of the experience of
the commission and its engineers.

16 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub, Doc.

Tree Planting.

Although authorized by the statute, the commission has not,
until the past year, taken up the problem of tree planting
along the State roads. The question has been discussed dar-
ing previous years, but for various reasons it was not con-
sidered expedient to begin any extended work of this kind
until the continuous reaches of State roads had been extended
to such lengths that a consistent method or scheme could be
reasonably developed. In the opinion of the commission, the
State highways, extending in places for many miles unbroken,
are now of sufficient length to warrant it in adopting a general
plan, which can be applied as the roads are built. Under the
direction of the commission, a report showing the land along
the State roads that was available or desirable for the planting
of trees, the character of the soil in all such places, and whether
upland or meadow, has been made by the division engineers.
This report, with the plans in possession of the Board, enabled
it to decide that about 4,000 trees could be economically set
out during the year. It was determined, by an investigation
of the conditions prevailing, that a certain number each of
several kinds of trees, maple, elm, oak, poplar, etc., would be
needed to carry out the plan in view. Proposals for bids to
furnish the whole number were submitted to many of the nur-
series. The contract was awarded to EUwanger & Barry of
Rochester, N. Y., the lowest bidder. Mr. Edward W. Breed
of Clinton was appointed by the Board to superintend the
planting and to care for and inspect all trees, and to establish
a nursery into which they were to be placed until ready for
final setting. Fourteen hundred and twenty -five of them were
set out in the spring, and 2,219 this autumn ; 159, the balance,
still remain in the nursery.

In the placing of these trees the Board has taken into con-
sideration not only the natural conditions of soil and locality,
but has had due regard to the character of the roadside sur-
roundings, so that the trees in all places should be in harmony
therewith. Each tree has been inspected, and, if imperfect,
rejected. The size of each variety of tree was regulated by
the contract, in order that only such trees as would bear trans-

No. 54.] TREE PLANTING. 17

planting safely and with the best results should be furnished.
The total number of trees planted during the year has been
3,907 : 1,737 maples, sugar, Norway and white ; 538 oak, red,
scarlet, white and pin; 1,000 elm; 207 poplar; some white
pine and locust.

The total cost of these trees in their final location, including
transplanting m the temporary nursery and replanting on the
roadside, care, manure, superintendence and labor, has been
$4,348.59, or an average of $1.14 per tree. The work has
been so carefully done that the percentage of loss has been
very small.

Although the average cost has been $1.14, as stated, some
trees have cost very much more than others. In dry, gravelly
or sandy soil considerable cost has been entailed in bring-
ing in loam and fertilizers sufficient to insure their life and
future growth. This has been especially true of most of the
Cape roads ; and, in addition, most of the trees exposed to
continuous winds from one direction have had to be supported
by wooden guards.

The Board feels that the cost of planting roadside trees, and
in some places native shrubs and vines, is a wise outlay of State
funds, as not only do they add to the beauty and interest of the
State highways, but they materially protect and preserve them.

The Appendix contains the report of Mr. Breed.

Under the existing laws, the responsibility for the care of
shade trees located within the limits of the State highways is
not definitely established, and the commission believes that it
does not possess sufficient authority to protect them from muti-
lation or destruction. The present law appears to be particu-
larly defective, when it is understood that the trees planted by
and at the expense of the Commonwealth are under the control
of local tree wardens, who are not officers of the Common-
wealth.

The commission recommends the passage of an act to remedy
the defects in the law, and respectfully submits a draft of a
bill, which may be found under the caption ** New Legislation."

18 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doe.

Automobile Registration.

Under the provisions of chapter 473 of the Acts of 1903, it
became the duty of the Massachusetts High\\^y Commission
to register all automobiles and other motor vehicles in this
State, and to license the operators of such machines.

To Jan. 1, 1905, 3,772 automobiles and 489 motor cycles
were registered, and 80 manufacturers or dealers received cer-
tificates of registration. There were 3,585 ordinary operators
and 1,335 professional chauffeurs licensed.

The receipts for fees were as follows, for 1904 : —

For 4,261 ceitificates of registration,

80 certificates of registration for manufac
turers or dealers,
3,585 ordinary licenses to operate, .
1,335 professional chauffeurs^ licenses, .

Total,

at |2 00 $8,522 00

at 10 00 800 OO

at 2 00 7,170 00

at 2 00 2,670 00

119,162 00

Under the provisions of this act, the Secretary has deposited
the sum of $19,166 in the State treasury, and taken proper
receipts therefor.

The excess of |4 is due to the fitct that two applicants for
licenses (James W. Ilillyard of New York City, and John J.
Brennan of Salem) have not completed their applications ; the
license fees, however, were retained and deposited.

In addition to the number of private operators' licenses given
above, one license (No. 4158) was issued in April, 1904, to
Carroll Doubleday, of Winchester (application Nq. 3205) . The
application for this license was received in 1903, but was re-
turned for correction, the fee of |2 being retained and de-
posited.

The act of 1903 that regulates the use of motor vehicles on
the highways of the Commonwealth designates the Massachu-
setts Highway Commission as the court for suspending or re-
voking certificates for automobiles and licenses for operators.
The commission has tried 16 cases under this act. All of the
cases up to the present time were for simply overspeeding.

The treatment of this matter by the different municipalities
has a wide range. Some of the towns accept the speed limit

Xo. 54.] AUTOMOBILE REGISTRATION. 19

of the act, others fix their own lunit of speed ; some of these
last named towns specify 4 or 6 miles an hour as the maximum
speed. Most of the towns make no apparent effort to enforce
the speed law, while others are quite active in this direction.
Many of the towns that attempt to enforce the speed law do
the work spasmodically, during five days of the week paying
no special attention to it, but insist upon a close adherence to
the law on Saturdays and Sundays.

The inequality of the local speed laws, and the still greater
inequality in enforcing the law, tend to bring the whole law
into contempt. Well-ordered, law-abiding men, owning and
operating automobiles, are anxious to regulate their use, so as
to insure the safety of other users of the highways ; but there
is a grave question in their minds whether the present law will
accomplish this end.

From many conferences with automobilists, with those who
drive horses, and by personal observation, the commission be-
lieves that there are places and times when the speed as at
present fixed is either too great or too small. There are certain
narrow streets, within fire districts, and also certain crooked
outlying roads, where 10 miles an hour is a dangerous rate of
.speed ; there are other roads, straight and clear of obstruction,
with no houses or cross roads, where the speed may safely be
in excess of 15 miles an hour. No general law can cover these
eases ; each case should be carefully considered by itself.

There are some absurdities resulting from local regulation,
which seem to bring discredit upon this method. Four miles
an hour, over a State road where there are few houses and no
cross roads, is neither necessary nor reasonable ; the order is
not enforced by the town oflBlcers, and its existence is harmful.

The commission believes that the power to vary the speeds
from what they are in the present act should be given to some
central authority ; no change to be made except after a hearing.

The rates of speed, when different from those indicated in
the act, should be plainly displayed on sign boards at each end
of the road affected, and at such other points as may be needed.
These sign boards should be placed by the person or persons
charged with fixing the speed, the cost to the State to be repaid
out of the automobile license receipts.

20 fflGHWAT COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

With the law amended in the manner suggested, the com-
mission believes that it can be executed in a proper manner.

If the commission is to continue to sit as a court, with power
to suspend or revoke certificates of registration and licenses
to operate, it recommends that it be given power to summon
witnesses and administer oaths.

Section 6 of the present act, dealing with foreign machines,
is contradictory and ineffective. This section permits auto-
mobiles or motor cycles, owned by non-residents of this State
and driven by a person residing and licensed in some other
State, to be operated on the roads and highways of this State,
subject to the speed limitations of section 8, and to any local
regulations permitted under section 14, and to such further
regulations as the Highway Conmiission may make. In fact,
foreign machines are in mar\y instances driven over Massachu-
setts roads with four or more number plates besides the number
plate furnished by the commission. It is practically impossi-
ble to identify a machine under these conditions. If a foreign
machine is persistently made to break the speed law, there is
no way of punishing other than by fining the operator. The
operator not being required to take out a license, or the owner
a certificate of registration, no complaint made to the commis-
sion can be effectively acted upon.

The commission believes that the only effective way to treat
foreign machines is to require them to carry only Massachu-
setts numbers, and to remove all other number plates ; in other
words they should be treated exactly as other machines are
treated.

The commission recommends the repeal of section G. The
commission also recommends that the last sentence of section
6 be added to section 5, believing that this was the intent of
the Legislature at the time of the passage of the act.

A draft of a bill containing the changes in the law recom-
mended will be found under the caption *« New Legislation."

New Legislation.

The commission recommends the passage of the following
bills, which have been discussed in the foregoing under their
proper headings : —

No. 54.] NEW LEGISLATION. 21

An Act relative to Shade Trees on the Public Ways.
Be it enacted^ etc.^ as follows :

Section 1. The highway commission shall have the entire care
and control of all shade trees within the limits of state highways, and
may trim, cat or remove snch trees, or license the trimming, cutting
or removal of such trees.

Section 2. Section one hundred and four of chapter two hundred
and eight of Revised Laws is hereby amended by adding after the
word *' town," in the sixth line thereof, 'the words: — or from the
highway commission in the case of a state highway, — so as to read
as follows : — Section 104, Whoever aflflxes to a tree in a public
way or place a playbill, picture, announcement, notice, advertisement
or other thing, whether in writing or otherwise, or cuts, paints or
marks such tree, except for the purpose of protecting it and under a
written permit from the oOflcer having the charge of such trees in a
city or from the tree warden in a town or from the highway commis-
sion in the case of a state highway, shall be punished by a fine of not
more than fifty dollars for each offence. The tree warden shall en-
force the provisions of this and the preceding two sections in towns.

Section 3. Whoever without authority cuts down or removes a
shade tree within the limits of a state highway, or maliciously injures,
defaces or destroys any such tree shall forfeit not less than five nor
more than one hundred dollars to the use of the commonwealth.

Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage.

An Act relating to the Registration of Automobiles and Motor
Cycles and to the Licensing op the Operators thereop.

Be U enacted^ etc , asfoUowa :

Section 1 . In the administration of the law providing for regis-
tering automobiles and motor cycles and for licensing operators
thereof, any member of the Massachusetts highway commission or
its secretary may summon witnesses in behalf of the Commonwealth
&nd may administer oaths and take testimony ; and any person who
wilfully swears or affirms falsely in regard to any matter or thing
respecting which such oath or affirmation is required by said commis-
sion shall be deemed guilty of perjury. The fees of such witnesses
for attendance and travel shall be the same as for witnesses before
the superior court, and shall be paid from the treasury of the Com-
monwealth, and a certificate of the commission shall be filed with the
auditor ; and any justice of the superior court, either in term time or
in vacation, upon application of the commission, may, in his dis-

22 fflGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

cretioD, compel the attendance of such witnesses and the giving of
testimony before the commission in the same manner and to the same
extent as before said coart.

Section 2. Section one of chapter four hundred and seventy-
three of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three is hereby
amended by striking out the last sentence thereof, and substituting
in place thereof the following : — Upon the transfer of ownership of
any automobile or motor cycle its registration shall expire, and the
person in whose name such vehicle is registered shall immediately
return the certificate of registration to the highway commission, with
a written notice containing the date of the transfer of ownership,
and the name, place of residence and address of the new owner. No
number or number plate other than those prescribed by the Massa-
chusetts highway commission in its certificates of registration shall
be displayed on any automobile or motor cycle operated in this Com-
monwealth,— so that said section will read as follows: — Section 1.
All automobiles and motor cycles shall be registered by the owner or
person in control thereof in accordance with the provisions of this
act. Application for such registration may be made, by mail or
otherwise, to the Massachusetts highway commission or any agent
thereof designated for this purpose, upon blanks prepared under its
authority. The application shall, in addition to such other particu-
lars as may be required by said commission, contain a statement of
the name, place of residence and address of the applicant, with a
brief description of the automobile or motor cycle, including the
name of the maker, the number, if any, affixed by the maker, the
character of the motor power, and the amount of such motor power
stated in figures of horse power ; and with such application shall be
deposited a registration fee of two dollars. The said commission or
its duly authorized agent shall then register, in a book to be kept for
the purpose, the automobile or motor cycle described in the applica-
tion, giving to such automobile or motor cycle a distinguishing num-
ber or other mark, and shall thereupon issue to the applicant a
certificate of registration. Said certificate shall contain the name,
place of residence and address of the applicant and the registered
number or mark, shall prescribe the manner in which said regis-
tered number or mark shall be inscribed or displayed upon the auto-
mobile or motor cycle, and shall be in such form and contain such
further provisions as the commission may determine. A proper rec-
ord of all applications and of all certificates issued shall be kept by
the commission at its main office, and shall be open to the inspection
of any person during reasonable business hours. The certificate of
registration shall always be carried in some easily accessible place in
the automobile or motor cycle described therein. Upon the transfer

No. 54.] NEW LEGISLATION. 23

of ownership of any automobile or motor cycle its registration shall
expire, and the person in whose name such vehicle is registered shall
immediately return the certificate of registration to the highway com-
mission, with a written notice containing the date of the transfer of
ownership, and the name, place of residence and address of the new
owner. No number or number plate other than those prescribed by
the Massachusetts highway commission in its certificates of registra-
tion shall be displayed on any automobile or motor cycle operated in
this Commonwealth.

Section 3. Section 2 of chapter four hundred and seventy-three
of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three is hereby amended
by striking out the word ^^ license," in the last sentence thereof, and
substituting in place thereof the words : — certificate of registration, —
BO that said section will read as follows : — Section 2. £very manu-
facturer of or dealer in automobiles or motor cycles may, instead of
registering each automobile or motor cycle owned or controlled by
him, make application upon a blank provided by said commission for
a general distinguishing number or mark, and said commission may,
if satisfied of the facts stated in said application, grant said applica-
tion, and issue to the applicant a certificate of registration containing
the name, place of residence and address of the applicant, and the
general distinguishing number or mark assigned to him, and made in
such form and containing such further provisions as said commis-
sion may determine ; and all automobiles and motor cycles owned
or controlled by such manufacturer or dealer shall, until sold or let
for hire or loaned for a period of more than five successive days, be
regarded as registered under such general distinguishing number or
mark. The fee for every such certificate of registration shall be ten
dollars.

Section 4. Section four of chapter four hundred and seventy-three
of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three is hereby amended
by adding at the end of said section the following : — <' The provisions
of this section shall not prevent the operation of automobiles by un-
licensed persons if riding with or accompanied by a licensed chauffeur
or operator. The operator's license shall always be carried by
the licensee when he is operating an automobile or motor cycle, — so
that said section will read as follows : — Section 4. Licenses for
operating automobiles and motor cycles shall be issued by the Mas-
sachusetts highway commission or duly authorized agents thereof.
Application shall be made upon blanks prepared by the commission
for this purpose, and the licenses issued shall be in such form and
shall contain such provisions as said commission may determine. To
each licensee shall be assigned some distinguishing number or mark,
and a proper record of all applications for license and of all licenses

24 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

issued shall be kept by the commission at its main office, and shall
be open to the inspection of any person daring reasonable business
hours. Each license shall state the name, place of residence and
address of the licensee and the distinguishing number or mark as-
signed to him. Special licenses for operating automobiles or motor
cycles for hire shall be issued by the commission, but no such license
shall be issued until the commission or its authorized agent shall have
satisfied itself or himself that the applicant is a proper person to
receive it. Such licenses shall be granted for one year only. The
fee for each license to operate shall be two dollars. All fees shall be
deposited at the time of making the application. The commission
may at any time suspend or revoke any license for any misconduct
of the licensee. Before a license to operate is granted, the applicant
shall pass such examination as to his qualifications as may be required
by the state highway commission. The provisions of this section
shall not prevent the operation of automobiles by unlicensed persons
if riding with or accompanied by a licensed chauffeur or operator.
The operator's license shall always be carried by the licensee when
he is operating an automobile or motor cycle.

Section 5. Section eight of chapter four hundred and seventy-
three of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three is hereby
amended as follows, by inserting at the beginning of said section the
following words : — Except as otherwise herein provided ; and by
adding at the end of said section the following : — provided^ however,,
that should the Massachusetts highway commission determine, on the
petition of any interested party, after a pubjic hearing, that on any
particular way a speed greater than as hereinbefore specified may be
permitted with safety, or that a lesser speed than as hereinbefore
specified should be required, said commission may make such special
regulations as may appear to it to be necessary. No such special
regulation shall be effective unless notice of the same is posted con-
spicuously, by or under the direction of the Massachusetts highway
commission, on sign boards at the points where any road affected
thereby joins other roads. The cost of said sign boards and the
expenses in connection with their erection and maintenance shall be
paid out of the appropriation for expenses in connection with the
registration of automobiles and motor cycles and the licensing of
operators thereof. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed
as to affect the rights of boards of park commissioners, as authorized
by law, — so that said section will read as follows : — Section 8.
Except as otherwise herein provided, no automobile or motor cycle
shall be run on any public way or private way laid out under the
authority of statute outside the limits of a city or the thickly settled
or business part of a town or fire district at a speed exceeding fifteen

No. 54.] NEW LEGISLATION. 25

miles an hoar, or within a city or the thickly settled or business part
of a town or fire district at a speed exceeding ten miles an hour.
Upon approaching a crossing of intersecting ways, also in traversing
a crossing or intersection, and in going around a corner, or a curve
in the highway, every person operating an automobile or motor cycle
shall run it at a rate of speed less than that hereinbefore specified
and at no time greater than is reasonable and proper, having regard
to traffic and the use of the way and the safety of the public, and in
no event exceeding eight miles an hour: j/rovidedj however^ that
should the Massachusetts highway commission determine, on the
petition of any interested party, after a public hearing, that on any
particular way a speed greater than as hereinbefore specified may be
permitted with safety, or that a lesser speed than as hereinbefore
specified should be required, said commission may make such special
regulations as may appear to it to be necessary. ' No such special
regulation shall be effective unless notice of the same is posted con-
spicuously, by or under the direction of the Massachusetts highway
commission, on sign boards at the points where any road affected
thereby joins other roads. The cost of said sign boards and the
expenses in connection with their erection and maintenance shall be
paid out of the appropriation for expenses in connection with the
registration of automobiles and motor cycles and the licensing of
operators thereof. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed
as to affect the rights of boards of park commissioners, as authorized
by law.

Section 6. Section nine of chapter four hundred and seventy-three
of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three is hereby amended
by inserting between the words ^^ license" and ^^ issued," in the third
line thereof, the words : — or certificate ; and by striking out the
word ^* section," in the third and fourth lines of said section, and
substituting therefor the words : — sections two and, — so that said
section will read as follows : — Section .9. The commission may,
after due hearing, suspend or revoke a certificate issued under sec-
tion one of this act, or the license or certificate issued to any person
under sections two and four of this act, for any cause which it may
deem sufficient ; and any person convicted of violating any provision
of this act shall be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dol-
lars for a first offence, and not exceeding fifty dollars for second and
subsequent offences. Any person convicted of operating, or causing
or permitting any other person to operate, an automobile or motor
cycle after a revocation or suspension of the certificate or license
granted under this act for such vehicle, shall be punished by a fine
not exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for a term of
ten days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

26 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Srctiom 7. Sections six and foarteen of chapter foar hundred
and seventy-three of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and three
are hereby repealed.

SeonoM 8. This act shall take effect upon its passage.

Engineers and Clerks.

The engineering work of the commission during the past
year has been under the general direction of Mr. Austin B.
Fletcher, secretary of the Board.

Messrs. Andrew M. Lovis and Sidney A. Parsons, first and
second assistant engineers, respectively, have had cliarge of
the surveying parties and of the office engineering work.

Messrs. William R. Farrington, John A. Johnston, Frank
H. Joyner, Franklin C. Pillsbury and Warren B. Wheeler,
division engineers, have had charge of construction work in the
field.

The following men liave been employed as resident engineers
of the first class : Messrs. Albert D. Dadley , Lyman L. Gerrj^,
Howard C. Holden, Charles H. Howes, Everell J. Nichols and
George R. Winslow.

The following men have been emploved as resident engineers
or the second class: George R. Brown, Percival H. Everett,
Albert W. Gray (3 months), Frank H. Morris, Sidney G.
Packard (3 months), Hiram D. Phillips, C. Alden Welton
and David H. Winslow.

The following men have been employed as resident engineers
of the third class: Messrs. Ernest F. Ayres (8 months),
George W. Bagge (11 months), David H. Dickinson (91.^
months), Martin W. Fisher (8 months), William P. Ham-
mersley (8 months), Stephen Litchfield, Jr. (9 months),
George D. Marshall (9 months), Charles H. Norton, Carl A.
Raymond (G months), George W. Sanborn (8i/^ months),
AVilliam G. Addis (6 months), Wilbur T. Wilson (5 months)
and Dean C. Warren (3 months).

The following men have been employed on survey work :
chiefs of party : Messrs. Emory X. Colburn, Harold R. Star-
bird and Fred M. Stuart. Rodmen : Messrs. Abram X. Ash-
line (7% months), William G. Burns, Warren H. Small (5
months), Henry W. Brown (8 months)*, Arthur Weston (6

No. 54.]

EXPENDITURES.

months), Arthur P. Rice (4 months) and Emory S. Bingham
(G months).

The following men have been employed as draughtsmen and
oflSce assistants : Messrs. 0. Ridgely Brown, Fred H. Cun-
ningham, Arthur Larrabee, Louis T. C. Loring, James H.
Taylor, Charles S. Tinkham (9 months), Robert A. Vesper
(9 months), William N. Wade, Nathan B. Wilbur (6 months)
and Arthur L. Southworth {9y2 months).

Mr. Elting J. O'Hara has had charge of the work in the
automobile department, under the direction of the secretarj'^ ;
and the following clerks have also been employed in that
department during the past year: Carrie E. Batchelder (1
month, 22 days), Chartie W. Brown (3 months, 23 days),
Elizabeth M. Connell (7 months, 24 daj^s), John J. Marshall
(4 months), Ida L. Poor (1 month, 27 days), Lillian J.
Steams (8 months), Florence L. Tufts (2 months, 13 days),
Lsabelle Wallace (3 months, 22 days), Frank F. Wyckoff (6
months, 9 days) and George F. Murdock, messenger.

The regular clerical force remains as last reported, with the
exception of the promotion of Fred Fair from the position of
messenger to that of clerk. The list is as follows : John M.
McCarthy, assistant to the secretary ; Mary A. Riley and
Nellie M. Barlow, stenographers ; Edward A. Austin, account-
ant ; Alice M. Worthen, copyist ; Fred Fair, clerk.

Mr. George E. Rayner has continued in the employ of the
commission as inspector of the road-building machinery.

Expenditures.

The following is a summary of the expenditures of the Mas-
sachusetts Highway Commission from Dec. 1, 1903, .to Nov.

30, 1904: —

Construction Expenditures.

TOWN OR city.

Tear of
Lay-out.

Amonnt.

Totals.

Bourne,
Bourne,
Dennis,

Barnstable County.

Amount carried forward^

1903
1904
1S95

tl,912 23

4,7S4 29

86 00

t6,732 52

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

CoNSTHUcnoN ExPEMDiTDRES — OotUittued.

TOWN OR CITY.

Year Of
Lay-out.

Amount.

ToUU.

Amount brought forward, .

• .

16,732 52

Dennis,

1896

36 00

Dennis,

1897

72 01

Dennis,

1898

36 00

Dennis,

1904

4,412 49

£astham.

1904

2,625 13

Harwich,

1903

1,464 87

Orleans,

1903

1,285 79

Orleans (i^leasant Bay^

). •

1904

3,105 08

Orleans (Eastham),

1904

219 44

Provincetown,

1903

4,027 45

Wellfleet, .

1904

3,487 92

Yarmouth, .

1894

59 29

Yarmouth, .

1895

59 29

Yarmouth (1st), .

1896

59 29

Yarmouth (2d), .

1896

59 29

•27,691 86

Berkshire County

Becket, ....

• •

1904

•3,701 93

Cheshire, ....

1902

85 85

Dalton, ....

1903

530 04

Dalton, ....

1904

8,791 97

Hancock (1908 contract), ,

1895

948 04

Hinsdale, . .

1903

3,113 87

Lenox, .....

1900

47 58

Lenox,

1904

824 84

JL<ee, .... 1

1900

67 21

Pittsfield (1903 contract), .

1897

8 84

Pittsfield

1904

5,501 27

Richmond, ....

1903

12 50

Richmond, ....

1904

2,680 96

Windsor, ....

1903

1,158 77

22,422 67

Bristol County,

Acushnet,

1903

t99 86

Dartmouth (1903 contract),

1903

1,209 65

Dartmouth (1904 contract),

1903

54 41

Dighton, ' . . . .

1903

114 72

Freetown,

1903

74 31

Norton,

1903

47 45

Reboboth,

•1895

2,287 74

Rehoboth,

1896

282 93

Rehoboth,

1899

51 44

Rehoboth,

1903

2,078 94

Seekonk,

1904

7,766 77

Somerset,

1895

555 57

Somerset,

1896

555 57

Somerset,

1903

15 89

Amounts

earr

iedft

maaf

■d.

» •

•15,145 25

•50,114 53

No. 54.3

EXPENDITURES.

Construction Expenditures -

- Continued,

TOWN OR city.

Tear of
Laj-ont.

Amount.

TotaU.

Amounts brought forward^ .

• •

(15,145 25

$50,114 53

•

Somerset,

1904

4,112 50

Swansea (1st),

• •

1903

492 83

Swansea ?2d),
Swansea (dd),

•

■ %

1903

1,040 07

■ •

1903

4 23

Westport,

•

• e

1894

3,048 25

23,843 13

Dukes County,

Edgartown, , . '.

1908

$7 31

West Tisbury (1st)

West Tisbury (2d)

1904

3,651 95

•

1904

522 59

4,181 85

Essex County.

Amesbary,

1903-04

18,577 03

Andover,

1895

31 72

Andover,

1896

31 72

Andover,

1897

31 72

Andover,

1899

31 72

Andover,

1900

31 72

Andover,

1902

31 72

Andover,

1903

440 67

Grovel and, .

1903

660 24

Haverhill, .

•

1899

6«826 61

Haverhill, .

1903

140 01

Merrimac, .

1903

712 49

Newbury, .

1904

4,210 85

North Andover,

1904

1,969 40

Salisbury, .

1904

8.008 00

Wen ham.

1903

543 80

West Newbury,

1903

1,616 45

"West Newbury,

■

1904

16 33

28.912 10

Franklin County.

Buckland (bridge),

• a

1903

•180 42

Buck land, .

1903

3,992 81

Deerfield,

1895

1,240 84

Deerfield,

1896

1,101 66

Deerfield,

1903

330 13

Deerfield,

1904

15 04

Greenfield, .

1903

2,778 26

Montague, .

1904

5,080 81

Orange,

1904

8.298 91

Shelbume, .

1894

126 65

Sunderland, .

1903

829 62

Sunderland, .

1904

4 50

Whately, .

1903

1,111 82

Whately, .

1904

4,533 84

• •

29,575 31

• • •

Amount carri

edfoi

^wan

i, .

•

1 136,626 93

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Construction* Expenditures— Ckmtinued.

TOWN OR CITY.

Tear of
Lay-ont.

Amount brought forward,

Hampden Oounty,
Agawam,
Agawam,
Chester,
Chicopee,
Cbicopee,
East Lon ^meadow
West Springfield,
West Springfield,
Wilbraham, .

Hampshire County.
Hadley,
Had ley,
Huntington, .
South Hadley,
South Hadley,
Ware, .
Williamsburg,

Middlesex County.
Acton, .
Ashland,
Ashby, .
Ash by, .
Ashby, .
Ashby, ,
Ashby, .
Ashby, .
Bedford,
Bedford,
Burlington (1st),
Burlington (2d),
Burlington, .
Chelmsford,.
Chelmsford, .
Framingham,
Littleton,
Littleton,
Littleton,
Marlborough,
Marlborough,
Marlborough,
Natiok, .
Natick, .
North Reading,
North Heading,

Amounts carried forward.

1908
1904
1904
1903
1904
1904
1895
1896
1904

1908
1904
1908
1903
1904
1903
1903

1902
1903
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1902
1903
1903
1903
1904
1903
1904
1904
1902
1903
1904
1902
1903
1904
1901
1903
1897
1898

Amount.

$55 70
4,628 27
4,633 01
6,208 72
4385 68
5,576 87
2,134 51

818 40
9,396 01

t4,813 62

13,577 11

3,688 61

10 18

3,707 97

782 25

926 05

$5 83

8,000 59

43 42

43 41

43 42

86 91

2,174 09

1 69

229 98

7,388 03

337 53

6,889 67

1,474 92

9 92

281 89

2,859 78

290 77

727 13

6,489 09

100 07

12.180 94

40 98

40 97

144321 24

Totals.

•136,626 92

363»7 17

27,455 74

1200,910 83

No. 54.]

EXPENDITURES.

CoNSTBCCTioN EXPENDITURES — Ckmlinued.

TOWN OR CITY.

Tear of
Lay- oat.

Amount.

TotaU.

Amounts brought forward, .

• .

144,821 24

•200,919 83

North Reading,

1901

40 97

North Rending, .

1903

4,203 00

North Reading (bridge

0> '-

1903

71 26

Reading,

1H99

66 33

Heading,

1900

66 33

Reading,

1902

85 34

Reading,

1903

10,807 70

Reading (bridge),

1903

71 27

Stoneiiam, .

1897

28 06

Stoni'ham, .

1900

28 06

Stonehanoi, .

1901

28 06

Sodbury,

1903

14 77

Tewksbury, .

1903

1.647 38

Tewksburj, .

1904

6,604 12

Townsend (1903 contract), .

1901

162 40

Town send (1904 contract), .

1901

8,433 39

Way land, ....

1903

20 16

Westford, ....

1902

1,127 66

Westford

1903

66 62

73,282 91

Norfolk County,

Bellingham,

1904

f 17 81

Braintree,

1902

30 01

Need ham,

1901

396 06

Norwood,

1896

16 05

Norwood,

1896

16 04

Norwood,

1897

16 04

Norwood,

1899

16 04

Quincy,

1904

4,148 96

Stoughton,

1903

3,170 96

Stoaghton,

1904

3,878 76

Walpole,

1897

47 33

Walpoie,

1H98

47 33

Walpole,

1900

47 33

Wellesley, .

1901

103 41

Westwood, .

1x99

82 76

Weymouth, .

1903

8,314 80

Weymouth, .

1904

2,376 47

22,674 64

Nantucket County.

Nantucket,

1903

t6,034 20

6,034 20

Plymouth County,

Abington,

1908

t662 66

Bridgewater,

1904

10,540 60

Brockton,

1904

4,224 44

Duxbury,

1903

• •

6,076 66

AmoufUs

carr

iedfo

Tward, .

•

121,403 16

(301,911 68

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Construction Expenditures -

- Continued.

TOWN OB CITY.

Year of
Lay-out.

Amount.

Totals.

Amounts broughl forward^ .

. .

•21,403 15

•301,911 58

Marion,

1902

88 64

Marion (Ist),

1903

661 67

Marion 02d),

Marsh field, ....

1903

232 05

1 1904

4,247 91

Mattapoisett, . . . ,

190S

644 61

•

Middleborough (1908 contract^ .
Middleborough (1904 contract), .

1903

28 49

1903

8,178 63

Rochester,

1903

476 07

Sciiuate, ....

1903

4,742 38

Wareham,

1902

182 97

West Bridgewater,

1904

2,265 14

42,990 66

Worcester County.

Athol,

1903

$729 03

Auburn, ....

1904

7,974 00

Brook field, ....

1903

960 15

Douglas, ....

1904

4,251 43

Douglas (bridge),

1904

• 177 31

Dudley, ....

1904

4,233 75

Fitchburg

1894

81 06

Fit(;hburg, ....

1895

81 05

Fitchburg, ....

1903

1,526 04

Fitchburg,

1904

5,805 55

Holden, ....

1898

1,110 60

Leicester,

1896

136 46

Leicester, ....

1898

136 46

Leicester

1899

136 46

Leominster (1904 contract),

1902

3,085 11

Lunenburg

1903

350 99

Milford, ....

1904

9 15

Millbury, ....

1903

504 89

Mill bury, ....

1904

6,219 27

New Braintree, .

1903

1,102 40

North borough,

1904

3,453 K4

Princ<»ton, ....

1902

101 26

Princeton,

1903

1.972 ('5

Shrewsbury, ....

1895

3 38

Shrewsbury, ....

1896

3 38

Shrewsbury, ....

1897

69 80

Shrewsbury, ....

1904

5,935 28

South borough, ....

1903

3,86K 77

Southbridge, ....

1902

147 8*

Spencer,

1899

44 92

Spencer,

1900

89 83

Sutton,

1903

601 '20

Sutton,

1904

1,539 41

Terapleton,

1903

859 86

Amounts carried forward, .

•

$56,701 98

•344,902 24

No. 54.]

EXPENDITURES.

Construction Expenditures — Concluded,

TOWN OB CITY.

Year of
Lay-out.

Amount.

Totals.

Amounts brought forward, ,

•

• •

166,701 98

1844,902 24

Uxbridge,

1903

1,312 24

Westborough,

1903

6,083 62

Westminster,

1894

29 61

Westminster,

1896

29 61

Westminster,

1896

69 01

Westminster,

1897

29 61

Westminster^

1898

29 61

Westminster,

1899

29 61

Westminster,

1903

7,283 67

Worcester, .

1897

1,887 76

Worcester, .

1903

2,187 26

74,112 99

$419,016 23

Repair and Maintenance Expenditures.

[From loan fund and under chapter 280 of the Acts of 1903 and chapter 316 of the Acts of

1004.]

Paid from
Loan Fand

Paid raox

Kbvknub.

Amount.

TOWN OR CITY.

Totali.

Chapter 380. 'Chapter 816.

Barnstable County.

1
1

Barnstable, ....

$13 88

$57 25

$320 06

$393 19

Bourne,

—

5 73

29 64

35 37

Brewster,

32 44

70 91

400 90

5(H 25

Chatham,

—

66 80

98 19

164 99

Dennis,

36 6R

71 44

390 68

4^« 75

Kastham,

64 82

—

396 04

460 86

Harwich,

—

49 45

178 98

228 43

Orleans,

6 41

13 59

80 80

99 80

Provincetown,

—

15 89

Sandwich, .

—

7 51

157 11

164 62

Traro, .

—

128 68

164 99

293 67

Wellfleet, .

• ,

3 70

—

410 47

414 17

Yarmoath (north),

10 40

18 09

205 22

233 71

Yarmoath (south),

25 84

76 32

1,223 30

1,325 46

$193 12

$665 77

$4,074 27

$4,a33 16

$4,833 16

Berkshire County.

Adams, ....

—

$16 96

$16 95

Becket, * .

—

507

5 07

Cheshire,

—

ia3 86

103 86

Dalton, ....

—

$22 68

411 34

434 02

Great Barrin^ton,

—

1,156 04

Hancock,

$32 25

—

608 36

«^ 61

Hinsdale,

—

24 42

Xjee, • . . •

—

96 79

883 67

980 46

Am*ts carried.

forwi

irdt .

$32 25

$119 47

$3,109 71

$3,261 43

$4,833 16

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Repaib and Maintenance Expbnditores — Continued.

Paid from
Loan Fund.

Paid fbom Rbvbkue.

Amount.

TOWN OB CITY.

Totals.

Cbapter 280. Chapter 816.1

1 '

Am*t8 brought forward^ .

$32 25

$119 47

$3,109 71

$3,261 43

$4,833 16

Lenox,

5 33

104 60

109 93

North Adams,

—

10 15

760 25

770 40

Pittsfield, .

—

7 68

350 67

:»8 36

Richmond, .

—

12 92

Williamstown,

3 70

36 68

3,172 27

3,212 66

Windsor,

—

57 64

4 70

62 34

935 95

$236 95

$7,516 12

$7,788 02

7,788 02

Bristol County.

Acashnet, ....

—

$47 72

$87 63

$136 36

Attleborough,

—

1 —

68 89

Dartmouth, .

—

87 85

39 77

127 62

Dii(hton,

—

12 22

Easton,

«3 33

3 38

44 95

61 66

Fairhaven, .

—

108 36

! 108 36

Freetown, .

—

4 57

47 44

62 01

Mansfield, .

—

12 42

North Attleboroufl^h, .

—

46 39

Norton,

—

864 85

Raynham, .
Rehoboth, .

—

90 97

7 02

97 99

—

63 43

i:^ 21

I 201 64

Seekonk,

—

13 64

Somerset,

—

144 09

164 81

308 90

Swansea,

—

19 43

Taunton,

—

: 11 09

42 12

6:) 21

Westport,

114 76

126 84

241 60

$3 33

$667 86

$1,834 99

$2,406 18

2,406 18

Dukes County.

Cottage City,

$9 88

$20 04

$108 37

$138 29

Edgartown, ....

8 68

17 43

96 23

122 24

Tisbury, " . . . .
WestTisbury,

9 04

16 32

87 96

113 82
178 10

13 33

24 02

140 76

$4183

$77 81

$433 31

1 $662 46

662 45

Essex County.

Amesbury

$2 85

$26 76

$3r 89

$60 60

Andover,

4 80

18 27

135 84

158 91

Beverly,

463

209 87

197 83

412 33

Essex, .

—

1 66

! 1 66

Gloucester,

—

2,284 68

1 2,284 68

Groveland,

6 45

20 27

26 72

Hamilton,

55 03

—

175 95

230 98

Haverhill, .

926

38 29

183 91

23146

Lawrence,

4 70

1 _

187 71

192 41

Merrimac,

2 25

13 48

118 84

134 57

Methuen,

7 85

1 —

101 20

109 06

Newbury,

—

62 14

137 11

' 14)9 25

Newburyport,

—

3 45

120 85

124 30

North Andover, .

9 00

:» 17

112 84

152 01

Rockport,

—

27 86

27 86.

Salem, .

—

Saugus.

79 16

389 77

468 93

Swampscott,

121 70

—

84 62

206 32

Wenham,

8 22

46 84

66 06

West Newbury, .

3 55

266 86 1

270 41

$222 07

$498 81

• •

$4,627 06

• •

$5,347 94

6,347 94

Arn't can

Hedf

ortca

rd, .

$20,927 75

No. 54.]

EXPENDITURES.

Repair

ANE

> Maintenance Expenditures —

Continued

Paldfhmk

Paid vbom Bbvbmuk.

Amonnt

TOWN OR CITY.

ToUIs.

lAWiU K UUUa

Chapter 380 Chapter 816.

Am't brought forward, .

• •
•

•

• m

■ •

$20,927 75

Franklin County.

Ashfield,

—

$107

$113 90

$114 97

Backland, .

$12 00

9 64

229 42

251 06

Charlemont,

22 33

103 95

126 28

Golrain,

t * 1

6 00

888

78 06

92 98

Deerfield, .

12 80

1,676 95

137 47

1,827 22

Erving,
Greenfield, .

200

18 67

200 68

221 35

—

75 24

76 24

MoDtagae, .
Korthfield, .

70 90

11 78.

82 68

— •

4 67

36 25

40 82

Orange,

•

110 02

326 15

436 97

Shelbarne, .

—

2,056 06

2,056 05

Sanderland, .

—

2 74

660

8 34

Whately, .

12 60

82 50

96 00

' $117 00

$1,854 87

$3,456 04

$5,427 91

6,427 91

Hampden County.

Agawam,
Brimfield. .

—

$6 46
175 13

$5 46
175 13

Chester,

—

$15 73

199 63

216 26

Chicopee,

East Longmeadow

$30 06

153 28

204 45

387 78

1 <

—

2 78

Monson,

—

7 71

72 78

80 49

Palmer,

—

10 49

316 93

326 42

Bassell,

16 00

117 89

1,908 74

2,042 63

Wales, .

—

a3 49

83 49

Westfield, .

. —

17 41

886 63

903 04

West Springfield,
Wilbraham, .

1 62

102 48
207 68

102 48
209 30

S46 06

$324 13

$4,164 08

$4,534 26

4,534 26

Hampshire County.

Amherst, ....

—

$24 92

Belchertown,

—

7 01

Easthampton,

—

$33 45

76 74

110 19

Goshen,

«i92 19

78 14

79 49

249 82

Granby,

44 47

609

139 62

190 08

Hadley,
Hatfield, .

—

a32 25

332 25

—

6 34

Huntington, .

20 00

1,137 39

6^ 40

1,851 79

Northampton,

11 11

6 34

176 75

193 20

South Hadley,

46 88

68 23

434 18

539 29

Ware, .

10 95

10 96

Williamsburg,

—

68 02

9214 65

$1,318 64

$2,050 57

$3,683 86

3,583 86

Middlesex County.

Acton

$150

$1 12

$130 19

$132 81

Ashby, .

•

—

196 53

195 53

Ashland,

—

51 20

Bedford,

•M

74 38

Boxborough,

•

1 00

29 23

30 73

aarlington, .
Chelmsford, .

6 69
28 21

9 59

62 98

63 76

68 57
91 66

Concord,

—

47 32

82 68

129 90

Groton,

T •

—

26 07

Lexington, .
Lincoln,

—

123 78

128 21

261 99

« •

—

49 22

131 87

181 09

Am'ts carried.

forwi

ird, .

$36 30

$231 63

$966 00

$1,233 83

$34,473 78

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Repair and Maintemance Expenditures — Continued.

>^_

Paid from
Loan Fund.

•

Paid fbom

RXVBKUB.

Amonnt.

TOWN OB CITY.

Totals.

Chapter 280 Chapter ftl6

Am'ts brought f one ardy .

$36 30

9231 63

9966 00

91,233 83

934,473 78

Littleton, ....

326

123 73

126 98

Lowell (north),

—

32 66

22 46

66 00

Lowell (south),

24 18

29 38

2,404 74

2,468 30

Marlborough,

1 50

21 97

168 66

192 12

Natick,

—

15 21

16 21

Newton,

—

4 91

North Reading,

1 05

—

42 67

43 72

Beading,

3 69

1 25

196 26

201 09

Stoneham, .

K ■

1 16

64 98

67 10

Sudbury,

5 65

—

ia3 29

138 94

Tewksbury, .

—

i 8 12

46 60

64 72

Townsend, .

—

129 39

Tvngsborough,
Watertown, .

79 89

63 41

52 36
66 26

106 76
146 16

Wayland,

—

138 16

Westford,

—

8 62

' 275 81

284 43

Weston,

—

116 62

102 42

219 04

Winchester,

9 19

—

216 62

226 81

Woburn,

3 99

192 74

196 73

9166 30

9507 86

96,363 23

96,027 39

6,027 39

Nantucket County,

Nantucket, ....

924 50

924 86

9289 21

9338 57

338 57

Norfolk County.

Bellingham,

94 18

Braintree, .

—

40 40

Cohasset,

—

22 09

Foxborough,

—

17 63

Holbrook,

$7 29

97 39

81 19

96 87

Milton,

21 00

—

4 14

26 14

Needham,

—

63 90

Norfolk,

—

28 01

31 49

69 53

Norwood,

7 60

74 14

14 74

96 38

Quincy,

—

604

5 04

Randolph,

—

6 67

Stoughton, .

—

123 00

12:^ 00

W alpole,

5 70

5i^61 I

59 31

Wellesley, .

—

6 58

! 6 68

Westwood, .

—

4 98

Weymouth, .

1 04

1 06

41 36

43 46

Wrentham, .

■

—

147 03

57 70

204 73

936 83

9263 36

9577 60

9877 79

877 79

Plymouth County,

Abington, ....

94 92

94 99

973 97

983 88

Bridgewater,
Brockton,

—

107 08

10 64

10 70

136 09

156 33

Duxbury,

9 75

33 00

158 :i4

201 09

Hingham,

—

26 10

25 10

Lakeville, .

—

22 61

62 75

85 36

Marion,

2 60

■~

101 62

104 12

Marshfield, .

6 25

32 87

204 42

24:) 54

Mattapoisett,

—

86 83

a5 83

Middleborough,

— '

—

42 34

Plymouth, .

3 70

12 08

211 96

227 74

Rochester, .

—

36 24

Am'ts carried ^

forvH

%rdj

■

937 66

9116 26

91,244 74

91,398 66

941,717 63

No. 54.]

EXPENDITURES.

Repair

AND Maintenance Expenditures —

Concluded,

Paid from
Loan Fund.

Paid from

[ Rkvbnub. '

Amount.

TOWN OR CITY. ,

1 '
1 1

Totals.

m^^^mm mm A ■• &A %• ■

Chapter SSO.lChapter S16.,

Aiiits brought forward^ .

$37 66

1 $116 25

$1,244 74

$1,398 65

$41,717 53

Rockland, ....

17 56

Scituate,

■ •

72 35

232 74 ,

306 09

VVareham, .

• •

—

110 51

110 61

West Bridgewater,

• m

1 11 42

11 69

124 31

147 32

Whitman, .

9 m

7 08 1

7 19

159 18

173 45

•

$56 16 1

$207 38

$1,889 04 1

$2,152 58

2,152 58

Suffolk County,

■

Chelsea, ....

$6 13

$11 12 1

$17 25

Revere (east), . . . i - ;

11 55

161 59 1

173 14

Revere (west),

—

1 40 4a

161 23 1

201 72

—

$58 17

$333 94 1

$392 11

392 11

Worcester Countif.

Athol, . . . *.

"" •

$86 77

$487 33 t

$574 10

Auburn,

$7 41

1 —

197 65 1

20!i 06

Barre, .

1 "~ 1

1 —

139 00

Blackstone,

—

1 —

159 08 ,

159 08

Brookfield,

—

1 —

201 17 1

201 17

Charlton,

- 1

1 —

49 28 ,

49 28

Doaelas,
Dudley,

—

49 01 ,

49 01

~ 1

—

94 22

Fitchburg,

1 —

299 00 j

299 00

Gardner,

1 —

—

235 49

2.35 49

Grafton,

1 3 70 !

—

148 66 1

152 .36

Hard wick.

1 — 1

3 89

Harvard,

1 1 00 1

—

8 .34 1

9 34

Holden,

1 7 41

—

234 30 1

241 71

Lancaster,

1 20 20

1 —

71 19 1

91 39

Leicester,

1 3 70

1 —

2:^ 85 1

300 55

Leominster, .

4 60

22 'M

21 15 1

48 09

Lunenburg, .

—

188 07 ,

188 07

Millbury, .

1 1

1 15 98

146 51 ,

162 49

New Braintree, .

1 ^ 1
1 1

—

1 89 ,

1 89

Northborough,

1 1
1 1

110 88 1

110 88

Pax ton,

1 _ 1

430 17

Phillipston, .

1 —

1 8 83

78 45 1

87 28

Princeton, .

—

70 33 !

70 33

Shrewsbury,

—

254 08 !

254 08

Southborough,

—

3 61

South bridge,

—

I -

7 60 1

7 60

Spencer,

3 70

—

11 45

15 15

Sterling,

—

126 66

Sturbridge, .

" 1

—

11 62 '

11 62

Sutton, .

— 1

—

118 05 '

118 05

Templeton, .

—

132 54 '

132 54

Uxbridge, .

' —

100 33

100 .33

Warren,

~ 1

—

401 86

West Boylston, ,

1 —

120 28

West Brookfield, .

—

72 60

Westborough,

—

11 23

Westminster,

1 40

1,938 82

1,940 22

Worcester, .

—

414 26

$51 72
$1,209 01

$135 32
$6,641 79

$7,446 90
$44,04536

$7,633 94

7,&33 94

Totals, .

$51,896 16

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Expenditures under ** Small Town " Acts.

[Chapter 47, Revised Laws.]

Ashburnham, (400 00

Berlin, * . . 648 00

Bemardston, 200 00

Billerica 740 00

Blandford, 804 00

Bolton, • 644 00

Carver 1,088 00

Chesterfield, 400 00

Conway (two contracts), 8,252 00

East Bridgewater (two contracts), 1,200 00

Egremont, 540 00

Georgetown, 737 50

Gill, 432 00

Greenwich, 800 00

Hampden, • 822 CO

Hanson, 1,100 00

Hawley, 493 00

Heath (two contracts) 836 00

Hubbardston, 1,440 00

Leyden 800 00

Maynard, 1,884 00

Mendon, 636 00

Monroe, 504 00

Oakham, 456 00

PembroJic, 671 00

Peru, 26 40

Petersham 2,800 00

Prescott, 358 00

Rutland, 656 00

Salisbury, 980 00

Sandisfield, 652 00

Sherborn (two contracts), 1,558 00

Shutesbury, 548 OO

Warwick 1,288 00

Washington, 512 00

Wendell, 650 00

Westhampton 392 00

Winchendon (three contracts), 3,704 75

Total, ^33,052 65

Expenditures under Chapter 100, Resolves of 1904.

Boad Repair at Middle field.
Payments for work under contract at Middlefield, . . . (2,796 78

No. 54.] EXPENDITUEES. 39

Expenditures under Chapter 884, Acts of 1903.

Lynn State Highway Construction.
Payments for work done under contract at Lynn, . . . 1^6,655 06

Expenditures under Section 88, Chapter 112, Revised Laws.
Cheshire, Hoosac Valley Street Railway Company, . . $1,917 60

General Expenses for Tree Planting.
Amount not yet distributed to construction expense, . . ^75 00

Expenditures under Chapter 485, Acts of 1908.

Automobile Registration,

Salaries of clerks and clerical assistants, .... |160 00

Number plates for registering automobiles, . . 198 75

Miscellaneous items, 2 10

(855 85
General Expenses.

For Month of December, 1903.

[Under Acts of 1903, Chapter 14. ]

Salaries of commissioners, (708 85

Travel of commissioners, 94 67

Salaries of clerical assistants and first and second

assistant engineers, 1,000 67

Printing and postage, 28 53

Rent of offices, 989 58 .

Advertising hearings, 17 45

Telephone, including tolls, 22 89

Recording land takings and easements, . . 17 99

Repairs to steam road rollers 112 05

Miscellaneous items, including office supplies, ex-
press charges, telegrams, and minor office ex-
penses, 69 25

(8,060 98

Jan. 1 to Nov. 30, 1904.

[Under Acts of 1904, Chapter 19.]

Salaries of commissioners, (7,791 65

Travel of commissioners, 2,475 51

Salaries of clerical assistants and first and second

assistant engineers, 11,889 00

Rent of offices, 8,900 66

Printing and binding annual report, . . . 1,040 44
Office and typewriter supplies, .... 849 88

Amounts carried forward, (27,747 09 (8,060 93

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc. No. 54.

Amounts brought forward^ .

f 27,747 09 13,060 93

Printing, including postal cards and envelopes, . 1,009 23

Telephone, including tolls, 818 37

Postage, 138 68

Recording land takings and easements, . . . 164 18

Advertising bearings, 76 03

Repairs to steam road rollers, 993 20

Miscellaneous items, including express charges, car

fares, telegrams, and other minor office expenses, 360 76

Automobile Registration.

Salaries of clerks and clerical assistants, .

Travel and expense,

Number plates for registering automobiles.

Badges for professional chauffeurs, .

Office and typewriter supplies.

Printing, including postal cards and envelopes,

Sheriff^s services in notices for hearings.

Miscellaneous items, including express charges,
telegi'ams, car fares, due stamps and other minor
office expenses, 56 85

Summary of Expenditures.

Hon.

. $3,541 84

9 80

1,276 80

374 50

109 52

851 19

•

62 70

For construction,

For road repair and maintenance, ....
For construction under '^ small town ^^ acts,
For construction under chapter 100, Resolves of 1904,
For construction under chapter 384, Acts of 1903, .
For expenditures under chapter 112 of Revised Laws,
For general expenses for tree planting, .
For automobile registration, chapter 485, Acts of 1903,
For general expenses, including automobile registration, for
1904, to November 30,

30,507 53

6,273 20
$39,841 66

$419,015 23

51,896 16

33,052 65

2,796 78

26,655 06

1,917 60

75 00

855 85

39,841 66
$575,605 99

W. E. McCLINTOCK,
HAROLD PARKER,
JOHN H. MANNING,
Afassachusetts Highway Commission.

APPENDIX.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Appendix A.

Table showing the Highways laid out and contracted

Several Constructions

[In the last colamn th« capital lettora have the following aignificance: A, trap; B, local field
atone; F, gravel; Q, gravel and fonr-inoh maoadam; H, aereened gravel; K, olay and fonr-

TOWN OR orrr.

Year.

AbingtoD,

Acton ,>

Acton (weat),

Acnahnel,

Acnahnet,

Adama,

Agawam,

Ameaburyi

Ameabnry,

Amberat,

Amherat,

Andover,

Aahby,

Aahfleld,

Aahland,

Athol, .

Alhol, .

Attleborongh,

Aaburn,

Aabarn,

Aabnrn.

Aaburn,

1900-1-08,
1890-1900-1-2,
1901, .
1897, .
1901-08, .
1897, .
1908,.
1904,.
1899-1901-08,

lvU4, • •

1901, .

1904, .

1896-6, .

1897-99-1900-02

1804-6-6-7-8-9,

1897-8,

1908,.

1896-6,

1902,.

1908,.

1900-01-08,

1896-6-7-1901,

1898-9, .

1908, .

1904, •

08,.

Road Laid Out.

From

Brockton Iflie

Concord line to Littleton line,

Bozborongh line, ....

1,600 feet from New Bedford line,

Rochester line via Long Plain to

Rochester line.
Cheshire line, .

Booth end bridge at Connecticut River,

Southerly end of 1903 section,

ICerrimae line.

Easterly end of 1903 section,

Hadley line, .

Hadley line to Hadley line,

Lawrence line.

North Reading line,

Ashby post-office to Fltchbnrg line.

One mile north of Aahfleld post<office,

Soathboroagh line, .

Orange line, ....

Fhillipston line.

Westerly end of 1902 section.

North Attleborongh line,

Dann*s Mills, ....

Worcester line,

Soath -westerly end of 1901 lay-out,

Dann's Mills to 1899 section.

1 1900 section

2 Exclusive of 1,100 feet at railroad crossing.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

Appendix A.

FOR BY THE COMMISSION, AND THE NaTURB OF THE

TO Jan. 1, 1905.

Bton«; Of local ledge other than trap; D, bottom course field stone, top conrse trap; E, lime-
inch macadam; M, clay and screened gravel; N, nnsurfaced ; O, stone from Oohssset quarry.]

Road Laid Out.

Length

Con-
structed.

Widths.

Materlsl of

Road

Surface.

Direction.

Length.

Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders.

Easterly, .

Miles.
1.73

Miles.
1.74

Feet.
50-60

Feet.

Feet.
»8

North-westerly, .

3.71

8.71

60-60-f

A-Q.

South-easterly, .

.72

Northerly, .

.61

6(H-

Westerly and

northerly.
Northerly, .

2.80
.67

40
60

16
16

B.
A.

5
6

Soatherly, .

.70

60.«H-

Boatherly, .

.45

Easterly, .

1.70

60-65-60

«8

B. ■

Easterly, .

.54

.64

«H-

Easterly, .

.95

.05

Easterly, .

.02

Southerly, .

1.22

Northerly, .

2.08

«8

B-C.

Southerly, .

3.58

8.58

60-66

20-18-16

5-8

Northerly, ,

1.61

50-70

Essterly, .

1.47

50+

Easterly, .

1.61

A-D.

North-westerly, .

.61

North-westerly, .

.88

.41

South-weetorly, .

2.66

South-westerly, .
Southerly, .

2.91
1.14

2.01
1.14

6<H-

60+

15
15-18

8
8

•95A,»96-7B,

1901 F.

22
23

South-westerly, .

.45

Northerly, .

.76

A-O.

> 1899-:

1900 sectlc

ms.

« 1899 secti(

3n. «

1897-99.19<

K) sections.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the Highways laid out or

TOWN OE CITT

•

Year.

1
1

1
1 Barnstable (north), .

1899- 190S,

2 Barnstable (soatb),

1897-1901,

. '

3 Barre, ....

1897-99-1900-02

4 . Becket,

1902, . . .

5 I Becket,

1904, . . .

, , 1

0 Bedford » .

1897-1902,

7 ' Bedford, .

1903, .

Belehertown,

1900-1-2, .

•

9 I Belllngham,

1902, . . .

Belilogbam,

1904, . . ,

Beverly,

1896-97-98,

12 1 Blaekstone, .

1 1899-1900-02, .

13 ! Bonme,

. 1897-8. .

14 1 Bourne,

1904. . . .

15 Bourne,

1908, .

Boxborough,

' 1897-99, .

Braintree, .

1900-02, .

Brewster,

1 1896-6-7-1901,

Bridgewater,

1904, .

Brimfleld, .

1897-99. .

21 Brlmfield, .

' 1901-2, . .

Brockton, .

1897-8-9, .

Brockton, .

1900,. .

Brockton, .

1 1004, . .

Brookfield, .

1 1897-8-1900, .

* ■!

Brookfield, .

1904, .

Brookfield, .

1904, .

. 1

Brookfield, .

j 1902 8, .

Buckland, .

^ 1894-1900-^8, ,

Burlington, .

1903, .

t • 1

Burlington, .

1904, .

. .'

Cbarlemont,

1 1897-8-9, .

' I

Charlton, .

' 1901-2, .

r.
1

Chatham, .

1899-1901-2,

Chelmsford,

1898-9-1901,

36 Chelmsford,

1903, .

1897

seoti(

on.

lie AD Laid Out.

From —

Bandwlch line

Varroouth line,

Ware River bridge to Barre Common,

Chester line,

Westerly end of 1902 section,

Lexington line

Carlisle bridge

Kear depot

900 feet from Blackstone line,

Franklin line,

Wenham line,

Uxbrldge line, . . ^ . . .

Cohasset Narrows,

Easterly end of 1898 section, .

Back River bridge,

Acton line,

Qaincy line,

Dennis line to Orleans line, .
Near Mlddleborongb line,

Monson line, f

Wales line

Kaston line

Abington line,

West Bridgewater line, ....

Mill Street

Mill Street,

Easterly end of 1900 section, .

West Brookfield line, ....

Bhelbume Falls station

Woburn line,

Northerly end of 1908 section,

Deerfleld River bridge

Charlton depot to Charlton city, .

Depot Street,

Lowell line to North Chelmsford,
Lowell line

* 1899 section.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CONTRACTED FOR BY THE COMMISSION, ETC. — OojltitiUed.

Road Laid Out.

Length

Con.

atrueted.

Miles.
2.00

2.26

Widths.

Material of

Road

Surface.

Dlreotion.

Length

Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders

Boath'easterly, .
Westerly, .

Miles.
2.14

2.28

Feet.
40-50

40-62

Feet.

12-15-18

Feet.

1899 B,

1902 B-a.

1
2

North. westerly, .

2.89

49.5-50:t

A, 1902 B.

Hoath-westerly, .

.28

Westerly, ,

.79

North-westerly, .

1.07

50-60

Southerly, .

.04

m
i

Westerly, .

1.37

1.87

A-G.

North-easterly, .

.88

.38

Westerly, .

.98

50-66

Southerly, .

2.01

50-60

*95-*97A,98C.

South-easterly, .

1.74

49.5-50-1-

«8

A G.

Easterly, .

1.42

45H-

B C.

Basterly, .

.67

Southerly, .

.96

eo±

B-G.

Westerly, .

1.86

1.36

60-50

4-3

Southeasterly, .

1.06

»8

Easterly, .

7.79

40-50-50-1-

Northerly, .

1.36

1.86

60-60+

Southerly, .

2.84

2.34

60-50

97 H, 99 F.

Northerly, .

1.63

Basterly, .

1.87

8.5

Westerly, .

.66

Northerly, %

.66

60-60

Easterly, .

1.39

Westerly, .

.25

Easterly, .

.60

• 50

Easterly, .

.87

50-1-88-100

A-G.

Westerly and

southerly.
Northerly, .

3.94
.99

8.94
.99

80-60
40-50

24-18-15-12
15

««

A-C.
B.

29
80

Northerly, .

.95

40-50

Easterly, .

.77

50-42-h

Southerly, .

1.91

North-westerly, .

1.69

15-12

«3

A-0.

Westerly, .

1.44

1.43

18-15

South-west«rly,

.57

H-0.

* 1900 section.

* Not on 1903 section.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc,

Table showing the Highways laid out ob

TOWN OE CITT.

1 Obelmsford,

2 Chelsea,

3 Cheleea, •

4 Cheehlre,

5 Cheatej,

6 Cheater,

7 Chicopee,

8 Chicopee,

9 Chloopee,

10 Cohaaaet,

11 Cohaaaet,

12 ColralD,

13 Concord,

14 Concord,

15 Cottage City,

16 Dalton,

17 Dalton,

18 Dartmontb,

19 Dartmouth,

20 Deerfield,

21 Deerfleld,

22 Deerfleld,
28 Donnia (north),

24 Dennis (sooth),

25 Dennis (south),

26 Dlgbton,

27 Douglas,

28 Douglas,

29 Dudley,

30 Dudley,

31 Dnzbury,

32 Eastham,
li3 Eastham,
84 Basthampton,
35 Easthampton,
86 East Longmeadow,

Road Laid Out.

From —

' 1807-8-1900,
1902-3, .
1898-1901,
1807-8, .
1900,.
1894-5-e, .
1895-6-1903,
1904, .

1898-9-1900-1,
1908, .
1894-5, .
1900-1-2-8,
1904, .
1895-6-7-8,
1900-1-2, .
1004, .
1902-03, .
1902, .
1904, .
1902,.
1904, .
1894-5-97-99-1908,

1903, .

1904, .
1895-6, .
1900 1, .
1904,.

Southerly end of 1008 section,

Willougbby Street,

Willoughby Street,

Famam's station, Boston 9t Albany

Railroad.
Becket line

Easterly end of 1002 section, .

Springfield line, ....

Near Chicopee River bridge,

Northerly end of 1908 aeotion,

Near Hingham line,

Beech wood Street to Scitoate line,

Shelbume line

Lincoln line,

Acton line,

Bengekontacket bridge, .

Pittsfleld line,

Easterly end of 1908 section, .

Near Weatport line,

Easterly end of 1901 section, .

South Deerfleld station to Sunderland

bridge.
Cheapside bridge, ....

South Deerfleld vlllsge, .

Yarmouth line to Brewster line, .

Bass River bridge, ....

Easterly end of 1902 section, .

Taunton line to Rehoboth line,

Sutton line,

South-easterly end of 1002 sooUon,

1,400 feet from Webster line,

Westerly end of 1002 section,

Marshfleld line, ....

Wollfleet line, . . « .

4,600 feet from Orleans line, .

Northampton line, ....

Clark Street to foot of Mt. Tom, .

Longmeadow village toward Spring
field.

' 1895-6 lay-outs.

No. 54,]

APPENDIX A.

Contracted

FOR BY THE COMMISSION,

ETC. — Continued,

Road Laid Out.

Length

Con-
structed.

Miles.
.70

Widths.

Material of

Road

Surfaoe.

Direction.

Length

Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders.

Southerly, .

Miles.
.70

Feet.
00

Feet.
18

Feet.

SoQtherly, .

.58

.68

Northerly, .

.88

North-easterly, .
Eaaterly, .

2.60
1.65

2.00
1.56

60+
60

15
16-12

•

*0»-1900 A-O,

1901-02 F.

4
6

EMterly, .

1.80

40-60

Northerly, .

.92

60-66-40

4-8

Northerly, .

1.04

60+00-84

Northerly, .

.38

00-100

Easterly, .

1 1.78

1.78

60-60+

B-D.

Southerly, .

.65

47-00+70

Northerly, .

1.83

1.88

40-60-60+

«■

North-westerly, .

1.47

Soutb.westerly, .

.52

.62

A-O.

Northerly, .

2.87

Easterly, .

2.04

80-67-60.00

South-easterly, .

.51

.61

60-02

Easterly, .

2.08

2.68

Easterly, •

.09

80±

South-easterly, .

1.68

Southerly, .

1.48

Northerly, .

.46

50-88

North-easterly, .

4.27

40-60.fl5

Easterly, .

1.96

1.95

40-45-60

A-O.

Easterly, .

.46

60±

Bouth'Westerl'y, .

1.56

1.60

47.6-00

Southeasterly, .

1 .93

.98

40+

South-easterly, .

1 .07

.60

40+.60

Westerly, .

.69 j

A-O.

Westerly, .

.46

.40

A-O.

Southerly, .

• 2.84

2.84 '

80-40-50

«8

B-C-O-O.

Southerly, .

.78

.78;

Northerly, .

.85

South-westerly, .

1.82

1 1.32

Southerly, .

I.IO

1.10

49.5

North-westerly, .

.69

.59

49.6

* Except 1908 section.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the Highways laid out or

TOWN OR CITY.

Year.

Baaton,

1900

EdgartowD, .

18g7-9>1900.1-2-8, .

BiTlng, . .

1898-9-1900, .

EMex, .

1902-8, .

FalrhaTen, .

1894-5, .

Fitchbarg, .

1894-5, .

FUchburg, .

1897

Fitchburg, .

1900-1-08,

Fitchburg, .

1904

Fozboroagh,

1901-2, .

Framingbam,

1904

Freetown, .

1902-3, .

Gardner,

1897-8, .

Gardner,

1900-1, .

Glonceater, .

1894-5-8, .

Goaben,

1894-5, .

Grafton,

1897-99-1900, .

Granby,

1894-1902,

Great Barrlngton

1894-96-7-1902,

Greenfleld,s .

1899-1900-02, .

Greenfield, .

1903

Groton,

1901-2, .

Groveland, .

1900-1-2, .

Hadley,

1894-98-9-1900-02-3,

Hadley,

1904,.

Hamilton, .

1899-1900,

Hancock,

1895-6-98-9, .

Hard wick, .

1897-1901,

Harvard,

1900,.

Harwich,

1899-1900-1-2-8, .

Hatfield,

1901,.

HaTerhlll, .

1809,.

HaTerhtll, .

1902,.

Hingbam, .

1894

Hingham, .

1896-7, .

Road Laid Out.

From —

1 1897-9-1000 sections,
i 1899-1900 sections.

Brockton line,

Cottage City line,

Town ball to Orange line, . •

Bsaez River,

Mattapoiaett line,

Westminater line,

Lunenburg linef

Ashby line, •

Southerly end of 1908 aeotion,

Ifansfield line,

New York, New Haven 8c Hartford

Railroad tracks on Fleaaant Street.
New Bedford line to lAkeville line,

Templeton line, .....

Westminster line, . . . . .

Manchester line,

Goshen village to WiUiamabnrg line, .

Millbury line,

South Hadley line

Honsatonio River, .....

Washington Street

Silver Street,

Near Nashua River at Fepperell line,

King Street to West Newbury line, •

Connecticut River bridge.

End of 1903 section to Amherst line, .

Ipswich line,

Pittsfleld line to New York line. .

New Brnintree line, ....

Woodchuck Hill,

Dennis line,

Northampton line,

River and Maxwell streets, .

Kenosa Road,

Weymouth Back River

Near Cohaaset line, ....

* 1894 section.
'^ 1900 section.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CONTRACTED

FOR BY

TUB Commission,

ETC. — Continued.

Road Laid Out.

Length

Con-
strnoted.

1 Location.

Widths.

Material of

Road

Surface.

Dlreetton.

1
Length.

Macadam.

•
Shoulders.

Soath-wetterly, .

' Miles.
.80

Miles.
.80

Feet.

1 '0

Feet.
15

Feet.
3

BG.

Southerly, .

2.42

1 50-66

Baaterly, .

2.01 i

, 2.04

1 60-60-f

Easterly and west

eriy.
Weeterly, .

.85
1.46

1 .85
1 1.45

86-60

15
15

A.
B.

4
6

Eaaterly, .

.07

1 .97

1 60

Westerly, .

.61 i

' .61

1 60

18-15

i D.

Southerly, .

1.69

' 1.50

60-50±

Southerly, .

.97

i .»7

Northerly, .

1.82

B-O.

North- westerly, .

1.14 I

.24

. 40-52

Northerly, .

3.19 1

3.19

1 60-60^

B-Q,

Easterly, .

2.87 '

2.37

604-

A-O.

Westerly, .

.98 1

.98

A-N.

North-easterly, .

2.48 !

1 2.48

C-B.

Southeasterly, .

1.91 '

1.91 1

lis

South-easterly, .

1.66

1.56 1

G-A-B.

North-easterly, .

1.03 1

1.01

36-50

»3

Easterly, .
Easterly, .

3.41 i
1.33

8.41 1

■

1.33

1 40-50 70
, 49.5-60

^ 18-15
18-15

>8
«8

' »94-A,*96-'97-
1 1902 F.
A.

19
20

North-easterly, .

.41,

.41

Southeasterly, .

1.88

1.38

1 A-G.

North-easterly, .

1.45 I

1.45

«>

«i3

Easterly, .

8.79 1

3.79

1 50-82. 5-66±

flS

Easterly, .

.00

.90

; M

South-westerly, .

1.44

1 1.44

50>60

Westerly, .

3.23

■ 15

C-F.

Northerly, .

.82

Westerly, .

.70

1 .70

Easterly, .

6.10

5.10

40.40±
50

1 A-O-G.

North-oasterly, .

.39

Westerly, .

2.08

North-easterly, .

1.07

.91

50-60

Easterly, .

1.42

1 84

Westerly, .

1.23

50-38-f

* Ezolnsiye of 600 feet at Cheapside bridge and 1,100 feet at railroad crossing.
< 1804-8-9-1900 sections. ^ Portion of 1896 section macadamised.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Tablk showing the Highways laid out or

TOWN OR CITY.

Year.

Hinsdale,
Holbrook, .
Holden,
Holden,
HantlDgtoD,
Huntlagton,
Lakeville, .
Lancaster, .
Lawrence, .
Lee,
Lee,

Leicester, .
Lenox, .
Lenox, .
Leominster,
Lexington, .
Lexington, .
Lincoln,
Littleton, .
Littleton,
Littleton, .

22 I Lowell (Boulevard),

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
SO
31
32
33
84
35

Lowell (Princeton Street)

Lunenburg, .

Lynn, .

Mansfield, .

Marlon,

Marlborough (eaut),

Marlborough (weni),

Marshfleld, .

Marshfield, .

Mattapolsett,

Road Laid Out.

From

1901-2-3, .

1894-96-1902.

1894-6-6-7,

1898 1900,

1895-6,

1903,.

1901-2,

1902, .

1896, .
1894-6-6,
1900, .

1894-5-6-98-P,
1899- 1000-1,
1904,.
1901-2,
1895-6 7-8

1900, .
1895-6-7,
1902-3,
1902,.
1904,.

1897. .
1897-8.

1898-9-1900-1-03,
1899, .

1901, .
1894-5-1901,
1897-99-1901-2,

1903, .

1897-1902^3-4,
1897-99-1900-1,
1894-96-98-9-1901-2,

1904, .
1894-5.
1900-1-03,

line

Dalton line,

Weymouth line.

Jefferson village,

Worcester line,

Russell line,

Near railroad crossing.

One-half mile from Middleborongb

Clinton line to Bterllng line,i

Methuen line, ....

Lee Park, ....

Lenox line

Worcester line to Spencer line,'
Lee line to Lenox village,
Lenox village, ....
Bterllng line, ....
Massachusetts Avenue, .
Bedford line, ....
Concord line to Lexington line,
Acton line via Great Koad, .
West ford line to Great Road,
End of 1903 section,
Tyngsborough line,
Chelmsford line,
Fitchburg lino,

Baugus River, near Revere llnr,
Foxborough line, .
Marion village to Wareham line,
Marion village to Mattapolsett line,
Marlon village to Rochester line,
Sudbury line to Hosmer Street,
Nurthborongh line, .
Duxbury line, ....
Northerly end of 1902 aeotion,
Fairhaven line,
Marion line to Ned Point Light Road,

1 Exclusive of 1,000 feet at railroad crossing. * Macadamixed for 2,350 feet from Sterling line.
' Exclusive of road in Leicester village. * 1902 section.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

COMTRAOTED FOR BY THE COMMISSION, ETC. — Continued.

Road Laid Out.

1
' Length ,

Widths.

Material of

Road

Surface.

Direction.

1 1
LeDgth.j

Oon. ;
•tructed.l

Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders.

Bonth-easterly,

Miles. 1
1.02

Miles.
1.02

Feet.

6U-50-f

Feet.

North- weeterly, .

1.76

B-O.

Soath-eaaterly, .

2.70 1

2.70 j

80-49.6

18-16

Northerly, .

1.06

1.06 1

8-5

Westerly, .

1.01 1

l.OI

60+

Westerly, .

.68 1

.63

1
1

A-G.

South, westerly, .

8.67

3.67 I

45-60

B-G.

Northerly, .

1.26 .91

49.5

Boutherly, .

27 1

.27 1

1 «>

Easterly, .

1.08

1.98

36-40-50

24-16

Southerly, .

1.26 1

1.26

Westerly, .
Northerly, .

4.87
2.28 1

4.87 i

2.28 i

30-63>65-67+
eo.66-66±

24-18-16-16
16

8-6-5.5
8

•94-fr-6D,

98-9 B.

12
18

Northerly, .

2.43 \\ 1.66 1

1 1

60+-100

Northerly, .

2.18

2.18 1

»15

F-O.

Westerly, .

3.46 1

8.45 '

50-60-)-

Southeasterly, .

.86

South-easterly, .

2.06

2.06 1

Northerly, .

1.10

1.10 1

«15

1902 A-0, 1908
F.

1»

South-westerly, .

.82

.82 1

Northerly, .

1.03

1.08

40-62

Easterly, .

.97

.97 1

Easterly, .

1.84

60±

Easterly, .

2.72

2.72 '

60-60-{-

D; 1908, B-G.

North-easterly, .
8outh.easter)y, .

.90
.72

Partly '
graded.
.72,

70
60

„

B-G.

North-easterly, .

1.59

1.69

40-60M»

Westerly, .

1.84

1.84 ,

40-50-56

•8

North-westerly, .

2.14

3.14

40-50

Westerly, .

8.10

8.10 '

40-50-60

SasUrly, .

2.41

60-66

6-4-8

Northerly, .

3.19 8.10 1
.81 1 .81

80-40-46-50

•3

B-O-G.

Northerly, .

40-40-1-

BasUrly, .

1.16

Westerly, .

2.05

40-50

• 1896-1
» 1897-1

M900 seet
)9 sections

ions.

•

^ 1

807 section.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc,

Table showing the Highways laid out ob

TOWW OR OITT.

kCerrimac, .

Merrimac, .
Methaen,
Middleboroagh,
Mllford,

MiUbury, .

Millbary, .

Millbary, .
Milton, .

MODSOD,
tfODflOD,

Montague, .
Montagae, .
Nantaoket, .
Natlck,
Natlok,
Keedham, .
New Bralntree,
New Bralntree,
Newbnry, .
Newbury," .
Newbaryport,
Newton,
Norfolk,
North Adamt,
North Adamt,
North Andover,
North Andover,
Northampton,
Northampton,
North Attleborough,
Northborough (east),
Northborongh (aonth).
North boroagh (weat),
Northborongh, .

Year.

Road Laid Out.

1897-8-9, .

1901-08, .

1808-1900-1 -2,

1894-6-8-7-8 -1902-8,

1904, .

1902,.

1900-03,

1904,.

1899 1900,

1894, .
1901, .
1898-9,
1904,.

1894 -5 -6 -7-9-1900-1 -3,
1901,.
1908,.
1901,.
1897,.
1903..

1899-1900 1.2,
1904, .
1896-7-8,
1901,.

1895, .
1694-96 -7,
1900-1-2-3,
1900-02, .
1904, . .
1894. .

1897-8-9 1900,
1894 6-0-7-99,
1897-8, .
1897, .
1900-02, .
1904, .

From —

Near HaverhtU line, ....

Ametbury line.

Lawrence line,

Nemaaket River to Rocheater line,

Highland Avenue via Weat Street,

Worcester line to Grafton line, .

Worcester line,

Bnd of 1908 section, ....

Neponset River,

Railroad bridge

Palmer line,

Third Street, near L Street, Turner's

Falls.
East end of 1898 section.

First mite stone, near Orange Street. .

Wellesley line,

Shcrborn line,

Newton line

Iliurdwlck line to Ware Una, .

New Bralntree village

Newbnryport line to Oldtown,

End of 1902 section, ....

West Newbnry line, ....

Needham line

Wulpole line to Wrentham line, .

Williamstown line,

Boston & Maine Railroad bridge to

Adums line.
Lawrence line,

Easterly end of 1902 section, .

Hadley bridge,

Easthampton line,^

Bruce Avenue to Attleborough line, .

Marlborough line,

Westborough line,

Shrewsbury line

End of 1902 section.

1 1896 section.

* 7.5 feet on 1894 section and 3 feet on 1895-6-7-8 sections.

s Exclusive of 1908 section.
« 1899-1900 sections.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CONTRACTXD FOR BY THE COMHISSION, ETC. — (hnttnued.

Road Laid Out.

length

Con- 1
structed.

Widths.

Material of

Road

Surfaec.

Direction.

1 Length.

Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders

North-easterly, .

Milef.
.02

Miles.
.02

Feet.
50 60+

Feet.
16

Feet.
4-8

B C.

South-westerly, .

1.20

50-60

B-C.

Nonh-oMterly, .

2.68

2.63

»3

C-B.

SootbeABterly, .

8.08

a .

B-G.

North-easterly, .

1.18

50-50+

Soath-easterly,

.78

A-G.

Southerly, .

.80

Southerly, .

.72

South easterly, .

.87

40.5-82.5

Northerly, .

.03

South-easterly, .

.10

South-easterly, .

1.68

1.63

Easterly, .

.85

.86

Basterly, .

6.48

15-12

»3

BE O.

Westerly, .

1.14

1.14 !

60 70

15-18-20

AG.

Basterly, .

2.06

D-G.

Westerly, .

1.00

60-86

Southerly, .

.17

.17 1

Northerly, .

.22

50±

Southerly, .

2.67

60-66-80-05

Southerly, .

^70

.70

60-70

_ 1
1

Basterly, .

1 1.76

1.75

60-66+75+

Easterly,' .

1.08

1.03

45-86

South-westerly, .

1 1.45

1.45

Easterly, .

1.60

30-66

Southerly, .

2.82

2.00 '

50-65

«3 !
«3 1

A 1008-N.

South-easterly, .

1.68

60-66

A-D.

Easterly, .

.22

South-westerly, .

.56

Northerly, .

1.12

South-westerly, .
South-westerly, .

3.60
1.33

36-66
66

24-18-15
15

3
4-3

'04-6 B,

'06- '97- '90 F.

31
32

North-westerly, .

1 •«

.42

Easterly, .

1.37

«3

Easterly, .

.82

.70

B Exclusive of Parker River bridge.
" 1000 section.

7 Exclusive of 1,826 feet at railroad crossing.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the Hiohwats laid odt or

1
2
8
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
16
10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
80
81
82
88
84
85
88

Road Laid Out.

TOWN OR CITY.

Yoar.

Nortbfl«ld, .
North Reading,
North RMtdlng,
Norton,
Norwood,

•

Norwood,

Orange,

Orleans.

Orleans,

Orleane,

Orleans,

Palmer,

Paz ton,

PhlUlpaton,

PhUllpeton,

Pittalleld,

PltUfleld,

Pitiefleld,

Plymouth,

Princeton,

Provlaoetown,

Qulncy,

Qulnoy,

Qaincy,

Randolph,

Raynham,

Reading,

Rehoboth,

Revere,

Richmond,

1901-2, .
1897-8-1901,
1908,.
1908, .

From —

1897-99, .

1895-6,

1894-5-97,

1900 1-08,

1904, .

1900-1, .

1904, .

1908, .

1904, .

1899-1900-1, .

1895-6-7-8-1902,

1897-8-1902, .

1904, .

1894-08-1901-2,

1897, .

1904, .

1894-5-6 -7-8 1902.

1904, .

1897-1900-02-3,

1901-08, .

1899, .

1902, .

1904, .

1902-8, .

1901-2-8, .

1899-1900,

1902-8, .

1895-6-99-1908,

1897-8, . .

1899, ...

1897-8-9-1901-2-8,

1904, .

Near Mill Brook, .

Andoverline, ....

Reading line, .

Village to near railroad atatlon,

Walpole line, ....

Elite etatlon, ....

Athol line, ....

Erving line, ....

Easterly end of 1903 section,

Brewster line, ....

End of 1901 section to Basibam line,

11 miles from Shattnck*s Comer,

End of 1908 section,

TenneyyiUe to Monson line,

Worcester line,

Athol line.

End of 1902 section,

Hancock line, .

Dalton line.

South Mounuln Road,

Manomet village.

End of 1902 section,

Princeton station, .

Trnro line to Allerton Street,

Near Weymouth Fore River bridge,

Bralntreellne,..

Randolph line to Milton line,

Qaincy line, ....

Tannton line to Raynham village,

Stoneham line.

North Reading line,

Beekonk line, .

Boston line,

Sangua line, .

Boston ft Albany railroad station.

End of 1908 section.

1 1897-8 sections.

* 1804-98 sections.

> Excepting 1902 section.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

COKTRACTKD FOR BY THE COMMISSION, KTO.— CotUtnued.

Road Laid Out.

, Length
. Con-
istructed.

•

Widths.

■

1 Material of

Road
1 Surface.

A.
C-B.

Direction.

Length.

LocaUon.

Macadam.

Shoulders.

8oath«riy, .
Boatherly, .

Miles.
1.16

1.76

Miles.
1.16

1.76

Peet.
1 70-136-166-
160

Feet.

Feet.
18

I
2

Northerly, .

.65

.66

1 ^

Easterly, .

.72

1 *^

Northerly, .

l.OS

1.03

45-60-60

Southerly, .

1.02

40-50-67

Weeterly, .

' 2.18

2.18

30-49.6

3-6

D-A.

Btuterly, .

! 1.71

1.71

' 60.60i

B-A-G.

£asterly, .

i .85

.86

North-easterly, .

1.24

Northerly, .

.74

1 60-60+

1 B.

South-easterly, .

1.00

' B-G.

South-easterly, .

.09

.69

B-O.

South-easterly, .

2.52

60+

i Q-A.

North-westerly, .

8.60

3.60

60-66-70

3-5

Easterly, .

1.21

15-12

18-4

Easterly, .

.74

, 50

Easterly, .

2.88

2.38

40-60-60

1 ^'

Westerly, .

.76

\ A-Q.

Southerly, .

.76

60-100

Northerly, .

4.28

40-60-112

»8

Northerly, .

.77

41i-60

Easterly, .

2.23

«3

1 B.

Westerly, .

1.10

J 83-60

1 B-OG.

North-westerly, .

.40

.49

63-66

Northerly, .

.67

.63

' 66

Northerly, .

1.23

.60

, 52-66

1 ^•

!27

South-easterly, .

1.38

■-

Northeasterly, .

1.48

' 40-40+

1 O.

Northerly, .

1.07

' TB6

15-18

Southerly, .

2.67

16-18

1 B.

Easterly, .

2.60

2.50

, 60-60+

»8

1 B-O.

North-easterly, .

.68

1 44-60

South-westerly, .

.67

1 A.

Northerly, .

2.38

Northerly, .

.34 1

.S4

1 60-66

i F.

* 1897-1900 sections.

• Excepting 1903 section.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the HiGHWArs laid out ob

1 Rochester,

2 Rockland,

3 Rockpott,

4 Ruaeell,

5 Ratland,

6 Salem, .

7 Salisbury,

8 Sandwich,

9 Sangua,

10 Bcltnate,

11 Seekonk,

12 Seekonk,
18 Shelbome,
14 Shrewsbury,
16 Shrewsbury,

16 Somerset, .

17 Somerset, .

18 Somerset, .

19 Southborough,

20 Southbridge,

21 South Hadley,

22 South Hadley,

23 South Hadley,

24 Spencer,

25 Sterling,

26 Stoneham,

27 Stoneham,

28 Stoughton,

29 Stoughton,

80 Stnrbrldge,

81 Sturbridge,
32 Sudbury,
83 Sunderland,
34 Sunderland,

85 Sutton,

86 Sutton,

1908. .
1902, .
1902, .
1894-S0>7-8-9,

xW4, • • •

1901, .

1897-8-1900-02,
1890, • . •
1894-5-1900-08,
1900-1-3, .
1904, .
1894-5-0-7,
1895-6-7-8-9-1900,

HHl4, • • •

1895-6 7-99-1900-1-2

1908,.

1904,.

1902, .
190S, .
1895-97-8-9-1900,

1903, .

1904, .
1897-1900-1,
1897-8,
1897-8,
1900-1,
1902 3,
1904, .
1897, .
1903-4,

1897-8-1900-1-2-3,
1897-1903,
1904, .

1899-1901-2, .
1903-4, .

Road Laid Out.

From—

Marlon line to Acusbnet line,

Abington line,

Near Gloucester line,

Westfield line to Huntington Hne,

Holden line, ....

Swampacott line, .

Town Creek, ....

Barnstable line.

Fox Hill bridge to Revere line,

Gannett's Corners, .

Rehoboth line.

End of 1902 section to Providence

Bridge Street to Colrain line,

Worcester line,

Bud of 1900 section to

line.
Slade's Ferry bridge,

Northbo rough

Falls

Swansea line, .

End of 1003 section,

Westborough line, .

Charlton line, .

Gran by line to South Hadley

Bod of 1900 lay-out.

End of 1903 section,

Leicester line, ...

Near town hall,

South Street, .

Reading line, .

Canton line to Lincoln Street,

Walnut Street,

Fi»k Hill Road,

End of 1897 section,

Marlborough line to Wayland line

Connecticut River bridge,

End of 1903 section,

Mlllbury line, .

Douglas line at Manchaug,

line

1 1894-5 sections.

1897-8-1900 sections.

s Excepting 1903 section.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CONTRACTED FOK Bv THE COMMISSION, ETC. — Continued.

Road Laid Out. >

Length

Con-
structed.

1
1

Widths.

Material of

Boad

Surface.

DireetioD.

Length.

1 Location.

Macadam.

Shoulders.

WMterly, .

Miles.

5.27

Miles.
5.27

Feet.
83-02

Feet.
15

North-easterly, .

1.00 '

1.00

1 B.

Northerly, .

.82 !

.32

50-1-

• A.

Northeasterly, .
Westerly, .

6.06 1

lfl6 '

6.66

50
60-50

»3

94 95 A,

Northerly, .

.18 <

.18

60+

Northerly, .

1.10 '

1.00 '

50-00

Westerly, .

2.83 '

2.88

OB.

BoQtberly, .

1.60 1

1. 00

71±

South-easterly, .

S.62 1

2.52

80-40-50

«8

A-B-C.

Westerly, .

1.57 '

1
1.10

1.6T

«8

Westerly, .

1.19 '

15-20

North-«asterly, .

2.16 '
8.00 1

• 2.16 1

30-50

18-16

B-A.

Noith-easterly, .

3.90 '

50 65 66

18-15

6-4-8

North-easterly, .

.96

.84

Northerly, .

4.50

40-50-60

18-16

»8

South-easterly, .

i.ie !

•

1.19

South-easterly, .

.70

.65 1

; 45-60

Easterly, .

.76

1 50±

South westerly, .

...;

.91,

! 60

South-westerly, .

2.42 ,

2.42 1

' 36-50

Northerly, .

1.97 '

1.97 1

49.5 60

1 A.

Northerly, .

! .74 1

.74 ,

64-110

1 A.

I 23

Westerly, .

1 1.60 1

1.60 1

50 58 60

4-3

B-D.

Sooth-westerly,

1.20 '

1.29 !

; »o

Northerly, ,

! -ST

1 1

1
.67

60-66

7.5

Southerly, .

1 1
1.01 ,

1.01 '

! 66

B-G.

Southerly, .

1.16 '

1.16 1

1 B.
' B.

Southerly, .

1 .83 ,

.83 ;

North-westerly, .

1 .50

< 1

..59

4-3

1 B

North-westerly, .

1 .80 '

1 1

- 1

' 50-50±

' 1

Easterly, .

5.11 ,

5.11 !

I 40. 5-50-60

«8

^ B, 1903 A.

'■32

Sooth-easterly, .

; .68 '

.68 '

«3

1 A,

' 33

Southerly, .

' .23 i|

1
1

I 34

Southerly, .

1 1.46

1.46 1

Northerly, .

.82 ,1
>ctlon .

.82

60-50±
cceptiDie 1901-2

15
! sections.

! "

l30

« 1900 s€

« 189

7 section.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the Uiohways Laid out or

TOWN OR CITY.

Swampscott,

Swansea,

SwEDsea, . .

Taonton,

TempletoD, .

Tewksbory/

Tewksbury,

TUbary,

TowDsend, .

Truro, .

Tyngaboroogh, .

Ux bridge, .

Walea, .

Walpole (aonth),

Walpole (Dorth),

Ware. .

Warehim, .

Warebam, .

Warren,

Watertown,

Way land, .

Wellealey, .

Weliaeet, .

Wellfleot, .

Wenham,

West borough. .

Weatborough, .

Weat Boylston, .

West BrldgewRler,

Weat Bridge water,

Weal Brookfleld,

West Brookfleld,

Weatfleld, .

Westfleld, .

Weatford, .

—

- - _ _

Road Laid Out.

Year.

1897-1900-1,

1903, .
1908, .
1895 6 98 9-1900-1,
1899-1901-2-8.
1900-1-2-3,

1904, .

1894, .
1896-7-8-9-1900- 1,

1895, .
1895-6, .
1897-8-1901 -03,
1901, .

1894-6 97-1900,
1897 <8 1900,
1897-99 1900-03,
1896-1901.
1898-1901,
1896-7-8. .
1899-1900-1,
1895-6, .
1897-1900 03,

1901, .

1903, .

1904, .

1807-1901-03,
loBi, •
1908, .
1897 8, .
1900-1-2, .
1904, .
1899-1900-1,
1899, .

1894-96-98-99,
1898-9-1900-1-2,

1902, .

From —

Salem line, ....
Somerset line, ....
Mylea River bridge,
Dighton line on Winthrop SlreH,
Oarduer line at Otter River, .

■

Lowell line. ....

End of 1908 section.

Vineyard Haven to Weat Tiabury

Groton line, ....

Wellfleet line to Kelley'a Corner,

Tyngsborough bridge to Lowell 1

Black stone Hoe,

Brimfield line. .

fiorfolk line, .

Norwood line,^

New Braintree lino,

Marion line,

Cohaaset Na'rrowa bridge.

West Warren, .

Warren to West Brookfleld line.

Wallham lino, .

Weston line to Sudbury line,*

Nallck line,

Eastham line. .

End of 1903 section,

Beverly line to Himllton line

Nurtbborongh line,

Souibborough line, .

Worcealer line,

Brockton line. .

1902 section to Bridgewater line,

Brookfleld line.

Ware lino to Ware line, .

West Sprlngfleld line, .

Russell line.

Littleton line, .

ine.

line

1 Exclusive of 1,200 feet at railroad crossing.
' Broken stone and clay.

' Beach atone.

* Bxclustvo of Neponset River bridge.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CONTRACTED FOR BY THE COMMISSION, ETC — CotUinued.

Road Laid Out.

Direction.

Length
Con-

Widths.

Leoglh. jslructed.ij Location.

Macadano.

Soutb.weaterly,

North-westerly,

Baaterly and

westerly.
Baaterly, .

North-westerly,

South-easterly,

South-westerly,

North-westerly,

Northerly, .

tiouih-easterly,

North-westerly.

South westerly,

Northerly, .

Southerly, .

North-easterly,

Westerly, .

Easterly, .

Westerly, .

Easterly, .

Northerly, .

South-easterly,

South-westerly,

Northerly, .

Southerly, .

North-westerly,

South-westerly,

Westerly, .

Easterly, .

Northerly, .

Miles.
1.49

.81

.80

2.94

2.00

3.45

1.30

1.93

4.69 I

2.8« \

2.95 I

2.18 I

1.04 I

2.60

1.04

2.28

.71

1.82

1.89 ;i

1.41

.85
2.58
1.18
1.74
1.26
1.75

.78
1.46
1.55
2.74

.42
1.51

.15
2.22
3.59
3.25

Miles. . Feet
1.49 I 50-60 64-50:b

.81-
.80
2.94
2.00
3.45
1.25
1.93
4.60

2.30

2.95

2.18 !

1.04 <

2.6)

1.94

2.28

.71
1.82
1.80 ,
1.41 ]|

.85 l!

60-65
40-50-55
40-66
50
60-60±
50
50
50-55-00
10» 15»
60
50-60±
60±
50
50
50
50
M-40±
49.5-60
49.5
36

2.58 1,49.5.50.06-99

1.18 |i
1.74

.98
1.75

.78
1.46
1.55
2.74

.42
1.51

.15
2.22
3.50
3.25

52-60-70

50-60

bObb±
60±-lI5
55

50-50-t
40-50

Feet.
18 20

15
15

15
15
16
15
15
16
15
27
15
15
15
12
18-15
IS

15
15
15
15
15
18-16
18-16

Shoulders.

Feet.

Material of

Road

Surface.

- II

-i|

3
8

3
3

»8
8
3

8-4

8-4
8

- ii

";i
_ 'I

r
_ i'

1897 F,

1900-1 A.

B-G.

B.
A-G.

B-A-F-G.

K-M.

A-D.

B-A,1903F.

F.
C-B

A.
A-O.
A-B.

B.
A-G.

•97 IL
»98-A H.
B.

A-B.

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
81
32
38

* Exclusive of 1908 section.

''' Exclusive of 1,900 feet at CoDOord River.

7 1898 9-1000 sections.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the HiaiiwArs laid odt ok

TOWN or city.

Westmlnsler,

Wettmloiter,

Well Newbury,

Weat Newbary,

Weat Newbury,

Westoo,

Weetport, .

West Springfield

Weat Tlabnry,

Weat Tlabury,

Weat wood, .

Weymouth,

Whately,! .

Whately, .

Whitman, .

Wllbraham,:

Wllbraham,

Wllllamaburg,

Wllllamatown,

Wlntheater,

Wlndaor, .

Woburn,

Worceater, .

Wrentbam, .

30 I Wrentbam, .

Yarmouth (north),

32 I Yarmouth (aouth).

Year.

1894-5-6-7-8-9,

1908,.

1805-6-7,

1908,.

1904. .

1898-9,

1894-96-7-8,

1895-6,

1895-6-7,

1904, .

1899-1900,

1804, .

1805-6-7,

1908,.

1904, .

1899-1001-2-3,

1004,.

1804-5-6,

1894-5-6-1001-08,

]Vv4, ...

1806-S-1001-03,
1805-6-08-1003,
1800-1000,
1807-1902-3,
1000-1-2, .
1806-7,
1807-1003,
1000, .
1804-5-09-1000 1,
1897-8-1002,
1804-5-6, .
1805-6-7, .

Road Laid Out.

From —

Fltchburg line, ....

Gardner line,

Newburyport line

Groveland line

Bnd of 1908 aeetion.

Way land line to near Stony Brook,

Dartmouth line

Top of Tatham Hill,

Tlabury line,

End of 1807 aeetion to Chilmark line,
Norwood line to Dedham line,
Holbrook line to AblngtOD line, .
Fore River to Back River,

Broad Street,

!End of 1003 aeetion,

Deerdeld line,

Bnd of 1008 aeetion,

Brockton line,

Springfield line, ....
End of 1003 aeetion to Palmer line,

Goahen line,

North Adama line, ....
Arlington line to Woburn line, .
Cummlngton line, ....
Wincheater line to Burlington line,

Paxton line,

Holden line

Weat Boylaton lire,

Plainville,

Norfolk line,

Barnatablc line to Dennia line,
Barnatable line to Baaa River bridge.

^ Bzclueive of 375 feet at railroad croaalng. * Ezclnalve of 1,763 feet at Wllbraham village.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX A.

CJONTRACTED

FOR BY

THE Ci

DMMISSION,

ETC. — Coi

wuded.

Road Laid Out.

Length
Cod- '

structed.

Widths.
Macadam.

Feet.
16

Shoulders.

Material of

Road

Surface.

Direction.

1 Length.

1" ■

Location.

South-westerly, .

Miles.
3.00

Miles.
8.00

1 1

Feet.
50-60

1
D-C.

Baeterly, .

2.25

66±:

- '

\fe«terly, .

2.24

50-110 1 15

8-4.5

A-D.

North-eaeterly, .

.27

60 15

North-eaeterly, .

1 .82

50±

Baaterly, .

3.15

j 8.15

28 1

C-B.

Easterly,

4.25

66-80

C-B.

Easterly, .

1.5S

1.63 1

50-135

Bonth -westerly, .

2.84

1 2.51 1

15-12-10

B.-

Sonth-westerly, .

2.51

40-60-40+

12-15

Northerly, .

1.05

1.05 1

45-65-60

Easterly, .

.25

.25;

Easterly, .

1.75

1.75 '

50-126

16-18

A-B-C.

Southerly, .

1.69

1.69 1

60-66

20-18-15

B-F.

Boatherly, .

1.11

l.ll

00-80

B-F.

Soath-westerly, .

2.29

1 2.29

50-60±l 12

Southerly, .

.51

50 12

Easterly, .

1.70

Easterly, .

3.62

50-79

A-G.

Easterly, .

1 1.19

1.15

1 50i

South-easterly, .

2.65

; 2.66 <

B-F-1903-N.

Westerly, .

1 1.95

1.95

1 50-60-70

A-D.

North-easterly, .

1.96

1 1.96

16-20-21

Westerly, .

.98 1

' .98

1 60-50±

North-westerly, .

2.03

40-60

G-C-B.

South-easterly, .

1.35

Southerly, .

1.50

1 1.50

•8

South-westerly, .

.54

.54!

1 60

Northerly, .

4.02

1 4.02

26-60

South-easterly, .

1.86

1 1.86

B-A.

Easterly, .

3.71

1 8.71

40-60

Easterly, .

5.09
» 1897 s

6.09
ectlon .

B-C.

* Excepting

1901 section

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Xo. 54.]

APPENDIX B.

Sf^

o y a J2 ^ ^

ooh;S<c

•^ ^f ^ CO •P "^ ^ ^

ooo ooooo

O O) 0 0 0)000)

■^ ^ CO CO ^ 00 -^ "1« CO '^^ "^ ^ CO •^'•f*^1'CO~f'**i*'^ CO

0000000000000000000300

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O^ C^ r^ f-i »—

• • • • •

i I

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t4 b ;3
C O 33

^ ii >Z

«
^
o

t4 • .

BQ « CO 5> 0^

a g a> ^ ^

*-• s

.■=c-

^u^O'A

•J ^ -w H o c c
> S*^^^ aj fc- Ji

_^ _ _ g E

S 3 ;5 ^ W <'W ffi M CC CQ ffl O

>-.-o

5 03 o _r o c

ej o

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ol » ci; s d d 6

dwdxwai

3 03

o>»
. . O

u
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bo
• a

»0 "O

-t^'^'^00"^'^ I l-^-«<'^'«1*C0C<l'^00O0000'^'M'^X'H*-**0000 -^ "^00

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2 rt

.2*
® g s

C3 fe ^

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2*' O 5,5 Q, Q rt „)
^ a e a « « 0

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•« • ' £ u

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ii o o o

ga as

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*C a cxa --•Sn='=3,

^^^•S| t^-2-2 a a-g I § gs g ?| ^ o a^ g^ e w .^^^ c

g o 3 s a 3*5"ai5 «.5 j5 8 8 « S rt.g s g 8S K2w22SSS5£ s

Q Q Q Q ;4 S ;>4 ck Pk^ cx. ps4 £ o O S S ffi S S 1-9 >j nJ wJ) ^ S ;S S S S S S ^

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

e
o

PB
O

a
o

o O o a> oa -^

CO ^ "i* ^ ^ ^ ^ Tf "^ ^ ^

ooooooooooo

O) O^ Oa O) 0i O) 0% Od O) O) o>

CO '^^ Th ^ 05 ^ ^ 00 '^ *^ ^ tH 00 ^ CO

ooooooooooooooo

Oi O) O) 0> O) O) O Oa 3) O) O) 0> 0k 0> Od

o»oaO'^'^»^i^^ooos«^

.-I f-H 1— « 00 <M <N

t>.io<-ic^t«o»Qoeooooo-^T-iiox»*o

C4 G^ CO •-! CJ 04«-i

•

Resident Engineer.

«
^ ^

G. R. Winslow,
H. D. Phillips,
C. H. Norton,
C. A. Raymond,
G. R. Winslow,
G. D. Marshall,
H. C, Holden,
L. L Gerry, .
W. P. Hammersley
W . P. Hammersley
G. R. Brown, .
A. 1). Dadley,
H. C. Holden,
S. Litchfield, Jr., .
G D. Marshall,
C. II. Norton,
C. II. Norton,
G. R. Brown, .
C. H. Norton,
S. Litchfield, Jr ,
W. G Addis, .
G. R. Winslow,
C. H. Norton,
W. G. Addis, .
C. A. Welton,
P. H. Everett,
H. C. Holden,

Lay-out.

>0 CO

CO CO 'tl^ "^ "t*« CO GO -^ "^ 1< Tj* 00 CO Tj* CO 1 00 "^ "^ OO "^ "«* • rf CO ^ CO
O00000000000000'**<00000000000
O) Oi O O) O) Oi Oi 0> O) Oi Od Oi 0> O) 0> 0> Oi O) Oi Od 0> Oi 0> 9) O) O) Oi

»— 1 1^

County.

OS ■ •£« -cSS^SS '« ■ -2 •« -^ • -ss^-

;z; ?2; 5z; ;z; {z; ^ ^; O O O Cm Cm Oh O? M 05 « tf CO M (» S t» cc ;w M QQ

No. 54.]

APPENDIX B.

rH .^ rH CJ .-« F-< 00 (N (N C^ ^

^bb>.c bb>»bba^±»W)o >>>»*i be «>Dc fe»

rf "^ oo "^ "^ "^ "H*" crT oo '^iT "^ '^ "^ CO H** CO ■H*' "^ CO so
ooooo c^oooooooooooooo

0^ 0> O) 0> 9d O) O) O) O) O) O) 0> O) O) Oft O O^ 0^ O) 0>

i-T "^ bJ" <o c^ o to 00 oo t^ 1-^ ^ o* oT »o <o oT -^ «o CO

«-i *H G«« r-l <M C^ rH 00 rH «-N v-l ^N

•-ace

§.2
o o

1^ Ut <T^ nn T^ ^ 1^

° tAsf o5 g S22 « P «

5^ s

9 O

•f ** ^ "^ ^ OO ^ CO CO ^ ' "^ 'I' OO ^ 00 •^^ '^ CO 00
0000000000i»0000000000
0> O) O) OV O) Ci^ Od O) 9i QO 0) 0> O) O) O) O) O) 0> Oi 9i
1-H *H ^^ T^ f^ r-4 f-^ ^^ r-* ^^ CO ^^ »"^ »"^ ^^ ^^ '"^ ^^ »~< ""^

a®

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« M s^^^^ 2 5 a

: g ' ^ "« ^ - *

o 3a'JriPT:cS'Sfc<n«33fcr»^*wa>

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Appendix C.

Showing Contract Prices on

1 •

TOWN OR CITY.

•

a
&

Contractor.

a
O

:CATATIOW.

Portland Cement Con
Crete Masonry.

e
m

Borrow (Cubic
Yard).

Ledge (Cubic
Yard).

Agawam,

808

Flynt Granite Co.,

$0 30

$0 40

! i$4 00^

Jj 8 00

$0 03

Anbam, .

840

Amos D. Bridge, .

$3 00

10 00

Beoket, . •

821

Olin T. Benedict, .

3 00

M5 00/
8 00$

Bellingham, .

864

Lane Construction Corp.,

1 50

8 00

Bourne, .

820

Town, ....

2 00

0 00

Brldgewater, .

791

Warren R. Keith, .

800

7 00

Brockton,

815

City

2 00

8 00

024

Bneklaod,

816

D. T. & A. G. Ferry, .

2 00 !

4 60

Burlington,

830

Edward J. Rourke,

1 25

8 00

Chelmsford, . .

848

IC. Carchia & Son, .

1 26

625

02*

Chelsea,"

868

<3ity, ....

Cheater, .

844

Hammond Sc Walsh,

2 00

7 60

Chioopee,

801

City

8 00

Dalton, .

818

Hammond & Walsh,

3 00

8 00

Dartmouth,

866

Joseph McCormick,

2 00

900

Deerfield,

866

DaTld T. Perry, .

800

Dennis, . •

802

William Sears, •

10 00

Douglas, .

831

Lane Construction Corp.,

1 00

800

Douglas (bridge),^.
Dudley, . •

867
826

Bell Engineering) and

Construction Co.
Ferraiiti & Maguire,

2 00

9 00

Eastham, .

864

Fred B. Ellis, . .

800

East LoDgmeadow,

800

Amos D. Bridge, .

8 00

Fitchburg,

866

City, ....

200

12 50

1 Class D masonry.
> Ten-inch clay pipe.
* Screened gravel.

« Fifteen-inch clay pipe.

^ Ten-ineh iron pipe.

* Fonrteen-inch iron pipe.

"f Rock embankment.

* Stone from Cohasset quarries.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX 0.

Appendix C.

State Roads during 1904.

Brokbn
Stonk.

PXPB CULTBBTS (FEB LlNXAL FoOT).

Fencing (Lineal Foot).

Side Draina (Lineal
Foot).

Stone Filling for Under,
drafna (per Co bio
Yard).

a
ts

"m
cs

§
&

CUkT.

IBOK.

•

ja
o

Elghteen-
ineh.

Twenty-four-
inch.

•

Eighteen-
inch.

$100

s$0 60

$0 26

$1 60

$20 00

2 10

>$1 82

$1 26

200

S »76
j 1 00

!*$1 26
1 60

$2 60

B$l 60
i 2 00

{$3 60

8$2 60

n 60

200

26 00

$1 80

1 75

1 60

•2 06

860

S66

W46

1 60

26 00

1 30

1 00

2 00

"8 00

1 60

26 00

1 68

*l 00

1 60

200

80 00

2 20

1 10

1 60

1 26

n 00

2 00

112 M

2 00

26 00

2 20

1 76

—

200

28 00

10
11

1 60

€.1

*60

1 76

8 00

»1 60

1 60

20 00

2 10

•60

2 60

1 60

1 76

SI 60

8 00

1 60

1 20

2 00

20 00

1 80

2 00

1 60

26 00

280

•60

»70

200

26 00

1 60

2 50

2 00

—

200

18
10

2 20

n 20

lis 00

"86

200

1 10

•60

«60

1 60

25 00

1 78

1 60

1 66

1 60

2 00

0 Bigbt.lacb clay pipe. " Bixteen.lnrh iron pipe.

^<* Clay hardening for eab-grade. ^* Lamp anm, $6,000.

u Lamp eom, $1,408.34.
M Blind draina.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Showino Contraot Prices oh

TOWN OR CITY.

•

Contractor.

EXOATATIOV.

•

2
a
O

JO
9

o »

s
1

1 PnnilDgham, .

858

Town

$0 66

$0 60

$2 00

$8 00

$0 08

Hadley, .

804

Town, ....

1 75

7 60

Haverhill,

822

Bdward Adams, .

Lenox, .

836

WUIUm H. B£agoe,

200

7 00

Leominster, .

884

Fred E. Sills,

Littleton, .

841

David Hall, . . .

1 60

8 00

Marlboroagh, .

808

City,' ....

2 00

7 00

Marthfleld, .

817

Ferrantl & Magnire,

1 00

800

Middleboroagh.o .

806

Town, ....

MiddleBeld, .

859

Town, ....

60\

1 50

6 00

Milford, .

871

Snow & Farringtoo,

1 60

660

Mlllbory, .

836

Town

1 75

8 00

MoDtagae,

846

Olin T. Benedict, .

8 00

Newbnry,

848

James B. Watkins,

1 00 ,

800

Jfl'ortb Andover,

826

Bdwmrd Adams, .

7 00

Northborongh,

837

Ferranti & Maguire,

2 00

900

Orange, .

806

tf . L. Camarco,

2 25

6 50

Orleane, .

811

Town

8 00

Orleans, .

812

Town, ....

200

8 00

Phllllpston, .

872

Town, ....

200

8 00

PittsBeld,

846

John W. Polcaro, .

7 00

Plymouth,

878

Warren R. Keith, .

800

10 00

Qaincy, .

847

Richmond F. Hudson, .

2 00

8 00

24
25
26
27

Readlng'North

ReadiDg.
Reading-North

ReadlDir (bridge) ,»
Richmond,

Rutland, .

796
856
813
874

Richmond F. Hudson, .

A bertha w Construction

Co.
Town, ....

Bruno & Milano, .

45
32

1 00

200
1 66

8 00

(«12 00i
5 »7 00
( 6 00)
8 00

Salisbury,

852

Thomas F. O'Ncll.

1 50

600

Seekonk, .

819

Town, ....

200

8 00

Shrewsbury, .

833

Joseph McCormick,

3 00

6 50

Somerset,

849

Town, ....

200

8 00

1 Stone from Mattoon Hill.
' Ten -Inch cUy pipe.
•"* Fifteen.inch day pipe.
* Ten-inch iron pipe.

<*• Fifteen.inch iron pipe. * Lump sum, $6,872.

<> Oravel. ><* River-bed excavation.

? Blgbt-inch day pipe. " Moving bridge.

> Six.inch clay pipe to be relaid. " Raising grade of bridge.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX C.

Statb Roads dubino 1904 — Continued.

Brouen
Btohb.

Pipe

•

CULYSBTB (PBB LiNXAL FoOT).

Fencing (Lineal Foot).

Bide Dralna (Lineal
Foot;.

Btone FUling for Under,
drain* (per Cubic
Yard).

•

•S

•

•8

s
1

•a

•

CLAT.

IBON.

•

•g

•

Eighteen.
Inch.

a
>* .

•8

Eighteen.
Inch.

Twonty.fonr.
Inch.

$110

$0 76

$1 10

$2 00

$0 26

$0 86

$1 60

#174

2 00

1 88

U87

X60

>$0 90

2 26

«$2 00

2 00

$26 00

2 76

<■

$0 66

8 1 26

1 76

82 46

i 76

j 1 60

1 65

1 40

n 00

200

2 00

1 88

\ S60
) T40

«90
•26

(

1 60

23 00

—

U160 00

"60 00

1 28

■ 1

1 26

226

1 26

1 46

1 10

1 50

26 00

1 10

226

1 00

2 00

142i

182 60

1 60

2 06

200

26 00

1 8D

SI 20

200

2 00

1 91

2 60

196

1 53

«eo

746

»*60

1 00

26 00

1 80

»46

1 00

26 00

1 40

2 60

1 60

26 00

S 740
)>100i

ui 40

2 26

«2 00

1688
66

200

1 60

««0

1710

W20

1 00

26 00

1 80

S60

750

1840

200

20 00

1 40

\ 3(J0

) 70

n io;

1 60l

2 50

2 00

^ 00

2 00

20 00

24
26

n 76

»1 10

1 60

1 26

1 60

81 20

2 00

1 60

1 23

«•

20 00

1 86

'60

S66

1 60

26 00

1 48

1 76

1 60

1 50

750
76

S66

1 6u

n 10

1 60

26 00

13 Six teen -Inch Iron pipe. ^7 Twelve.lnch day pipe to be relald.

1^ Clay hardening for aab>grade. i> Cobble stone paving to be relald.

^ Twenty.lnch clay pipe. ^^ Cobblestone gutters.

i« Telford. *° Lump sum, $4,244.

*i Class A masonry.
*^ Class B masonry.
** Screened gravel.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Showing Contpaot Prices ok

■

BXCAYATION.

e
o
O

TOWN OE CITY.

••

Contractor.

All Kinds (C*ubic
Yard).

Borrow (Cubic
Yard).

Ledge (Cubic
Yard).

a e

Sonth Hadley, .

861

Cowlea, Chllda & Dayton,

$0 41

$0 85

$8 00

$0 03

Stoaghton,

850

Ferranti & Maguire,

1 00

900

Snnderland, .

seo

Town, . . .' .

8 00

Button, .

828

Town

1 76

800

Tewkabury, .

842

Town, ....

200

800

Townaend,

807

Ferranti & Maguire,

200

7 60

Wellfleet,«

810

Town

West Bridgewater,

808

Warren B. Keith, .

800

7 00

Weat Tlabury,

797

Town, ....

2 00

8 00

Weat Tlabury," .

809

Town

Weymouth, .

861

Town, ....

8 00

1«

Whately, .

814

Jamea Coegroye, .

6 90

WUbrabam, .

888

Richmond F. Hudson, .

2 00

8 00

1 Sight- inch clay pipe. > Bight-inch clay pipe to be relald. * Cobble-atone gutters.
* Fifteen-inch clay pipe. * Eight-inch iron pipe. « Grayel.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX C.

State Roads dubing 1904 — Ooneluded.

Brorsn
Stonb.

Pipe

CwLTiRTs (p»R Lineal Foot).

•

1
1

Side Drains (Lineal
Foot).

Stone Filling for Under-
drains (per Cubic
Yaid).

Bounds (Bach).

•

•
a

CLAY.

1 IBOK.

■

e
•

BIghteen-
inch.

Twenty-four-
inch.

Twelvelnch.

BIghteen-
inch.

Twenty-four-
Inch.

$165'

t$0 50
75

>$1 00

1 25

>#0 80

«#1 26

"$0 90

«$0 66

$1 60

$20 00

$1 36

140

750

1
1

$0 26

2 00

26 00

2 00

2 50

1 60

1 48 -

1 _

1 60

1 65

1 40

156

$2 00

1 60

26 00

1 79

2 00

6
7
8

1 40

—

n 25

—

1 60

1 20

•60

150

1 -

. 1

1050 00

1 60

26 00

»eo

1 40

n 00

«! 00

«86

1 60

26 00

1 78

, 200

1 10

1 35

■

2 00

• Ten-Inch clay pipe. * Surplus No. 8 stone or screenings. ^^ Lump sum, $5,876.
^ Lump sum, $6,000. >• Lump sum for grubbing. ^ Six-inch iron pipe.

fflGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Appendix D.

Statebient of Claims against the Commissiox

[As required by Section 5, Chapter 18 of the Beyised Laws.]

Name.

Residence.

Nature of Clatm.

Alvord, Edwin H.,> .
Chace, Charles A.,
Crowell, T. H.,» .
Daly, Julia M.,i .
Davifl, Charles H.,*,* .
Donovan, J. H.,^
Dow, Clara B.,*
Dow, Granville 8., .
Fisher, Caroline F.,i,>
Flanders, Betsey B., et al.
Flanders, Betsey B.,
Griffin, John, et al., .
Haas, Mary A., tt al,,*
Hagerty, B[aDnah,
Hafey, James J.,>
Hale, Francis J.,'.* .
Hudson Co-operative Bank,'
Lorlng, John 8.,V •
Lynch, George, et al.,^
Mclntyre, Bernard ,i .
Murray, John B.,
Fierce, Alice,
Biehards, John M.,* .
Balem Savings Bank,
Seabury, Phoebe W.,
Sullivan, Timothy J.,^
Temple, Theodore,*,*
Thlmlneur, Joseph,! .
Twiss, Michael F.," .
Walte, Myra J.,i,* .
Warren, Alice B. M.,*
Wellington, Margaret J.,>.

Cheater,

Somerset,

Somervllle,

Abiugton,

Somerset,

Natiek, .

Amesbury,

Marlborough,

Amesbury, .

Natlck,
Shrewsbury,
Somervllle, .
Chicopee,

Hudson,
Northborougb,
Somerset,
Abington, .
Somervllle, .
Topsfield, .
Quincy,
Salem, . ■
Dartmouth, .
Shrewsbury,
Marlborough,
Marlborough,
Shrewsbury,
Deerfleld, .
Auburn, .
Bralntree, .

Damaffes due to construction of State

road in Chester.
Damage caused by drainage conditions

on State highway.
Damages caused by construction of State

highway al Chatham.
Damages caused by conetmctlon of State

hii{hway al Abington.
Damages caused by construction of State

highway at Somerset.
Damages caused by construction of State

highway at Natlck.

Damages due to road constmction at
Amesbury.

Damaees caused by construction of State
highway at Marlborough

Damages caused by construction of State
highway at Amesbury.

Damages caused by constmction of State

highway at Natlck.
Damages caused by taking of land at

Shrewsbury.
Damages due to alleged accident at

SanguB.
Damages due to construction of State

highway at Chicopee.
Damages due to ooovtructlon of State

higtiway at Deerfleld.
Damages due to constmction of State

highway at M'arlborough.
Damages due to construction of State

highway at Northborougb.
Damages duo to construction of State

htghwny at Somerset.
Damages due to conrtruction of State

highway at Abington.
Damages due to alleged accident on State

highway at Saugus.
Damases due to aileired accident on State

highway at Wenham.
Damages due to construction of State

highway at Quincy.
Damages caused by taking of land at

Lynn.
Damages caused by construction of State

highway at Dartmouth
Damages caused by taking of land at

Shrewsbury.
Damages caused by conntructlon of State

highway at Marlborough
Damages cauied bv con»i ruction of State

highway at Marlborough.
Damages caused by taking of land at

Shrewsbury.
Damages caused by construction of State

highway at Deerfleld
Damages caused by eoust ruction of State

highway at Auburn.
Damages caused by ronstrnction of State

highway at Braiutree.

1 The municipality is defending the action. ^ Settled.

> Award to be paid by the Boston & Worcester Street Railway Company.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX E.

Appendix E.

Cost per Mile of Road (Sections completed during the

Year 1904).i

Town or Citt.

Square Yards.

Coat per Mtle.

Agawam, .
Amesbury, .
Athland,> .
Aabnrn,
Beckei,>
BoarDe, 1903,
Bourne, 1904,
Brldgewater,
Brockton, .
Buckland, .
Barllngton,
Cheater,

Chlcopoe, 1903,« .
Chicopee, 1004,« .
Dallon,
Dennla,
Donglaa,
Dudley,
Dazbary, .
Eaatham, .
Eaat Longmeadow,
Fitcbburg. .
Greenfield, .
Had ley,
Haverhiil.s .
Hinsdale, .
Huntington,
LeomlDBter,*^

4,000

.456

. $8,956 44

11,443

1.800

7,057 94

12,902

1.473

1,755 05

6,677

.759

8,993 77

10,820

.787

4,985 70

8,442

.969

1,797 38

5,898

.670

6,240 87

12,000

1.364

6,745 99

5,828

.662

5,554 75

8,067

.436

8,009 17

8,857

.950

7,852 88

11,448

1.800

3,556 90

8,934

.373

12,814 50

8,994

.378

11.297 62

4,500

.511

6,455 15

8,063

.450

8,529 80

5,688

.646

7,291 32

4,065

.463

10,183 57

6,917

.786

6.785 11

7,500

.852

3,629 17

5,152

.585

8,056 63

8,350

.949

7.680 76

3,583

.407

8.713 98

7,928

.901

13,260 32

18,272

2.076

8,109 83

2,951

.835

11,583 46

4,605

.523

8,314.53

4,000

.455

5,968 46

* Ezclualve of coat of bridgea and engineering cbargea.

* Qravel road. * Macadam 18 feet in width.
B Grading.

< 1899 aection macadamized .
0 1902 aection maeadamlKed.

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Cost pbr Mile of Road, etc. — Concluded.

TOWH OR OlTT.

Square Yards.

Hllea.

Coat per MUe.

MarlboroQgh,

Marahfleld, .

Middleborougb, .

Military, .

MoDtague, .

Nantacket, .

Natick,

New Bratotree,^

Newbury, .

North Andover,

Orange,

Orleans (Bastham) , .

Orleans (Pleasant Bay),*

Pittsfield, .

Provincetown, .

Reading -Nortb Reading,

Richmond,^

Scitaate,

Seekonk, .

South borough,^ .

South Hadley, .

Stoughton, 1903,

Stoughton, 1904,

Button,

Swansea, .

Tewksbury,

Townsend, .

Weslborough.i .

West Bridgewater, .

Westminster,^ .

WestTlabury, .

Weymouth,

Whately, 1908,* .

Whately, 1904,* .

Williamsburg," .

ToUls, .
Average coat per mile.

8,722
7,088

17,440
0,877
7,452
5,262

18,167
1,928
6,168
1,898
7,500
6,052
6,148
6,678
7,783

17,486
2,017
6.588

11,040
6,607
7,600
8,592
7,888
3,060
2,652

13,178
4,833

12,888
3,702

19,833
7,000

16,927
8,400
8,600
4,716

469,207

.901
.806

1.982
.725
.847
.697

2.064
.228
.701
.216
.862
.688
.731
.750
.884

1.987
.381
.748

1.186
.761
.789
.408
.833
.348
.301

1.498
.492

1.468
.421

2.264
.994

1.601
.483
.611
.636

52.849

$6,278 11
4,686 61
8,620 14
7,868 56
6,744 11
7,082 78
5,901 84
4,328 47
5,886 88
7,868 70

8.493 18
4,122 02
3,771 38
8,031 60
4,373 41

6.494 13
6,926 13
6,493 68
6,739 44
3,789 78
4,981 38
6,828 89
4,683 42
4,326 81
2,936 98
6,125 64
6,147 74
8,231 46
5,162 80
4,178 02
8,415 67
4,177 70
8,370 35
7,816 26
4.6S5S6

$5,750 44

1 Gravel road.

s Macadam 12 feet in width.

* Grading.

t |!

Ko. 54.] APPENDIX F.

Appendix F.

Maintenamce.
Table ihouring Ute AtHOUfUa expended for Bepairs and Maintenance and lAe
Coal per Mite per Year on Each Road finished pretHoas to 1904; also
the Number of Miles of Road under Maintenance and the Amounts to
be assessed upon Municipalities for MainttHonce under Chapter 47 of
the Revised Laws.

•Bs a
utu

I3tU

UK
BM
NW

iwn
m w

a 10
111 m

MSB

E«3«0

HI 00
woo

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

TabU ihoviing the AmoutUa expended for Repairg, etc. — Continued.

ssi
els

1T& IS
IM S3
113 U

SI M

its!

178

19 H

U «1

400 H

Wt4I

wa4T

i.iu u

110 J

\fi\b BT

8100

■ U 4»

M«|

lUIt

41 St

No. 54.]

APPENDIX F.

Table showing the Amounts expended for

Repairs, etc. —

ContiDued.

Town OB CiTT.

•

■s

•

ToUl Goat per Mile
per Tear.

Expended per Mile
in 1904.

Length under Main-
tenance (Miles).

sss

B • o

Edgartown,

$809 72

$122 84

$491 96

$50 70

$60 60

2.416

$120 80

Krving,

901 81

22186

1,128 16

120 77

106 29

2.0U

10S20

Eaaez,

804

1 66

4 70

10 68

4 76

.340

1 66

Fairhaven,

559 52

108 86

667 88

50 22

74 78

1.449

72 46

Fitebburg, .

2,008 79

299 00

2,907 79

172 67

72 61

4.118

206 90

Fozborougb,

16 16

17 68

88 79

8 87

9 71

1.816

17 68

Freetown, .

74 80

62 01

126 81

8147

16 29

3.193

62 01

Oardner, .

1,614 73

286 49

1,760 22

96 11

70 17

3.S66

167 80

Olouoeater,

1,473 66

2,284 68

8,768 24

902 71

919 72

2.484

124 20

Goaben,

2,142 28

249 82

2,302 10

142 05

18100

1.907

95 85

Grafton, .

650 07

162 86

702 48

80 74

98 11

1.563

77 66

Graoby, .

1.088 82

190 08

1,278 90

191 17

184 19

1.032

61 60

Great Barringto

n, .

6,361 00

1,166 04

6.517 04

287 86

888 92

8.411

170 65

Greenfleld,

307 46

75 24

882 70

73 45

48 42

1.733

76 24

Groton,

181 64

26 07

167 71

67 66

18 86

1.882

26 07

Groveland,

86 88

26 72

118 05

86 89

18 56

1.440

26 72

Hadley, .

8,354 68

882 i5

8,686 98

176 16

70 81

4.692

284 60

Hamilton, .

868 62

230 98

689 60

94 04

160 29

1.441

72 06

Hanoock, .

4,467 88

640 61

4,996 49

238 25

167 27

3.232

161 60

Hardwlck, .

824 77

8 89

828 66

88 63

4 7.')

.819

8 89

Harrard, .

68 27

984

72 61

81 17

18 30

.702

984

Harwiob, .

764 47

228 43

982 90

68 64

44 81

6.098

228 48

Hatfleld, .

68 00

6 84

74 84

76 86

16 84

.388

634

Haverhill, .

6,822 80

281 46

6,668 76

664 49

73 63

3.148

167 40

Hingham, .

1,048 72

25 10

1,068 82

48 89

944

2.668

25 10

Hlntdale, .

40 08

24 42

64 45

87 26

24 01

1.017

24 42

Holbrook, .

530 62

05 87

626 49

60 53

64 75

1.751

87 66

Ilolden,

1,686 75

241 71

1,878 46

66 94

64 27

3.761

188 06

Huntington,

4,126 12

1,861 79

6,977 91

788 49

1,204 81

1.537

76 86

Lakevllle, .

171 22

86 86

256 68

82 81

28 91

8.670

86 86

Lancaster, .

46 86

91 89

186 74

60 46

78 17

1.249

62 46

Lawrence, .

1,372 17

192 41

1.564 58

790 19

720 64

.267

18 86

-U vC 1 • •

6,570 69

980 46

7,661 05

861 70

802 83

8.243

162 16

Leicester, .

12,762 67

800 65

13,063 22

896 75

61 79

4.864

248 20

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Table showing the AmounU expended far Repairs, etc. — CoDtioned.

Llnuln.

LIUl*Ion.

Lowsll (no

pih)

Loosll (w

Dlh)

UnriiDM, .
Mdhaen. . .
lUddlaborontb,

UJUbarr, . .

MoMlbim, . • .

Sswborr, .
Navbnrjport, .
NawtoD. .
Horfolk. . .
North Ad (ini, .
Hanb AndOTsr,
NDrlbMaptoD. .
Nonb Attlabonii
Nonhborontb, .
IfonbBeld,

tl,«43M

110 81

»i<M n
Mm

2MM

710 40
IK 01

l.SttW

MOfil

«1I0M

•48 11

4«4t

23 W

«0T

U73

87 01

esM

38 43

»,.

1.001SS

IB 10

IT IS

3111

IS 10

13 82

42 42

«eo

SB 77

IB M

03 42

3Ut«

41 «

SOOA

473

M n

ff7S!

UTM

28 3S

J7 84

78 JS

33 37

7137

IS 71

4 71>

IS«3

u a

n 04

4 71

47 W

14 W

M7a

70 87

6 67

4 73

It 70

40 94

IISM

MMTfl

IMM

80 4!

lU2t

114 7!

«S81

IIM

3tU

atn

sstt

sin

No. 54.]

APPENDIX F.

Table ihowing the Amount! expended for Bepairt, etc, — Continued.

M8«

Pilmer. . . .

U123

830 4!

777 «

76 SS

msJ

3.018

m88

Put™. .

8,180 SI

480 i;

0.800 40

243 06

moo

S.t»7

mot

PhllllpMOB,

1,018 »

SIM

1,104 11

IHM

73 01

1.313

00 00

Fliua>ld, .

a,2MM

suae

3,103 34

18! 83

3.161

107 66

PlymooUi,.

j.OTOoe

1ITT4

S,»JM

108 18

tS 67

4.161

11166

Prin«UH...

4MS1

TOM

K0»

84 78

3166

l.UO

70 83

«U

84 74

40 68

14 41

1.ID3

ItOfl

QulBcy. .

8TU

ft04

0118

38 38

4 76

1.061

i04

lUDdolpb. .

lOTSi

113 H

04 00

4 76

1.883

0 67

lUyDluni, .

M4T

•I w

114 46

44 77

06 34

73 85

K«dlDg. .

«T»

101 00

Bzo se

06 07

03 Bl

186 SO

Behobolb, .

Toaa)

101 M

010 M

64 t£

77 83

1.601

130 M

831 M

],SMS8

1T3U
Ml T3

sot 00

1,006 00

MS 81
ttS 48

63 40

Rlabmadd,

1.M8W

11 «

1,088 46

108 00

4 7S

1.718

1102

Rocb«iler,.

SOU

8814

700

008

0.170

88 14

BockUnd. .

11 M

K«

14 »

17 60

Roekport, .

Stat

31 M

6104

103 18

00 62

.811

Roiiel], .

8.0*3 S8

3,04il«

io.o8tsa

316 03

006 03

8.066

TOTS

Balem. .

111

1 Tt

4 17

4 74

.183

1,388 18

104 03

Mssoo

38 00

08 33

14110

a»ngn«.

i.auiT

40888

1,838 30

348 11

303 10

1.6M

70 06

BoltoM., .

SS8 00

300 OS

1,138 08

08 08

11116

136 80

Beefeonfe, .

1116

13 04

84 80

IB Id

SOB

13 04

I.M1M

1.0M0S

4,038 M

HO 13

001 33

1.100

107 00

Bht.wibiiT7,

(.174 8B

3H D8

t,tl8 88

114 H

86 28

104 76

eoD-CKt, .

8«S>T

308 00

1,303 87

48 80

04 17

6.603

384 00

SOI

8 01

14 44

4 TO

SOI

J88

TOO

15 40

048

830

.000

7tO

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

TaMe showing the Amounts expended for Repairs, etc. — Concluded.

Town ob City.

•

o
«

B
M

•

z
a

a
t

ToUl Coat per Mile
per Tear.

Expended per Mile
In 1004.

11!

South Hadley, .

$2,080 51

$530 20

$8,528 80

$200 02

$106 20

5.122

$256 10

Bpencer, .

IM 85

15 15

202 00

84 41

046

1.601

16 15

Bierling, .

620 83

126 66

756 00

06 06

07 78

1.296

64 80

Stooeham, .

518 40

57 10

600 50

82 71

86 00

1.682

57 10

StongbtOD,

40 42

123 00

168 42

86 01

61 65

1.005

00 75

Stnrbridge,

270 01

11 62

281 63

74 51

10 88

.586

11 62

Sadbury, .

502 10

188 04

641 04

88 18

27 17

5.114

188 04

SnoderlaDd,

27 06

8 84

86 20

20 17

12 23

.682

834

8atU>D»

811 60

118 05

420 65

71 07

51 78

2.280

114 00

Bwampacott,

1,205 30

206 82

1,501 71

101 80

188 48

1.400

74 50

Swaoaea, .

8 74

10 48

28 17

28 64

17 44

1.114

10 48

Taunton, .

1,200 07

53 21

1,262 28

73 00

18 14

2.033

53 21

Templeton,

815 74

132 54

448 28

70 77

66 20

2.002

100 10

Tewkabnry,

210 46

54 72

274 18

45 77

16 16

3.447

54 72

Tlabnry, .

1,160 77

118 82

1,264 50

70 22

58 04

1.081

06 55

Townaend,

826 10

120 80

055 56

52 30

27 64

4.681

120 80

Troro,

024 87

203 67

1,218 04

88 48

124 28

2.863

118 15

Tyngsboroagh,

1,150 00

105 76

1,265 75

57 85

85 05

2.042

105 76

Uzbridge, .

480 61

100 38

580 04

61 15

46 11

2.176

100 88

Wales, .

52 84

88 49

185 88

55 00

80 28

1.040

52 00

Walpole, .

1,513 00

60 81

1,572 31

61 48

18 08

4.536

50 81

Ware,

617 71

10 05

628 66

67 53

4 80

2.282

10 95

Wareham,

470 72

110 51

581 28

44 87

43 50

2.53.'>

110 51

Warren, .

1,817 02

401 86

1,718 88

04 86

121 78

3.300

165 00

Watertown,

1.483 24

146 15

1,620 80

234 78

17104

.850

42 50

Wayland, .

504 04

188 16

643 10

50 27

58 58

2.681

129 05

Wellesley,

86 02

6 58

42 50

11 36

4 74

1.176

5 58

Wellfieet, .

48 01

414 17

457 18

208 10

287 62

1.743

87 15

Wenham, .

307 50

55 06

862 56

55 61

8189

1.754

65 06

Weatboroogh,

224 37

11 23

285 60

51 11

15 73

.714

1128

Weat BoyUton,

887 16

120 28

057 44

10164

77 46

1.558

77 65

Weat Brldgewator, .

208 51

147 32

415 88

56 04

46 62

8.160

147 82

Weat Brookfield, .

202 03

72 60

275 58

41 87

43 81

1.657

72 60

Weatfield, .

8,888 10

003 04

4,286 14

128 75

155 48

5.808

290 40

No. 54.]

APPENDIX F.

Table showing the Amounts expended for

Bepain

f, etc. —

Concluded.

TOWX OB OlTT.

•

Total Coat per Mile
per Year.

Expended per Mile
in 1904.

Length under Main-
tenance (Milea).

Weatford, .

$42 78

$284 48

$827 21

$67 41

$87 62

8.246

$162 80

Weatminater, .

1,782 57

1,940 22

8,672 79

168 09

869 78

6.247

262 85

West Newbnry,

8,277 63

270 41

8,548 04

206 88

104 24

2.594

129 70

Weaton, .

709 29

219 04

928 88

68 94

69 49

8.152

167 60

Weatport, .

4,747 82

241 60

4,988 92

151 59

66 79

4.254

212 70

Weat Springfleld, .

1,014 68

102 48

1,117 16

120 12

88 88

1.158

67 66

WeatTlabnry, .

008 58

178 10

1,081 68

48 07

88 80

5.348

178 10

Weatwood,

846 88

4 98

851 81

77 21

4 76

1.047

4 08

Weymonth,

007 10

48 46

950 56

64 84

21 76

1.997

48 46

Whately, .

122 98

95 00

217 98

34 48

88 05

2.798

06 00

Whitman, .

763 68

178 45

986 98

68 88

102 21

1.697

84 86

Wllbraham, .

1,089 50

200 80

1,248 80

67 47

57 67

8.629

181 45

Wllliamsbarg, .

800 52

68 0-2

058 54

82 78

25 64

2.668

68 02

Williamatown, .

1,847 96

8,212 65

4,560 61

886 88

1,646 67

1.061

07 65

Winoheater,

945 79

225 81

1,171 60

181 64

116 68

1.962

07 60

Windaor, .

185 57

62 C i

247 91

88 75

68 10

QUA

49 40

Wobarn, .

868 84

196 78

660 67

100 28

96 77

2.083

101 66

Worceater,

5,188 94

414 26

5,553 20

851 47

122 02

3.895

169 76

Wrentham»

1,044 18

204 78

1,248 01

86 78

84 71

6.898

204 78

Tarmonth (north), .

1,792 24

288 71

2,025 95

66 82

62 89

8.716

186 80

Yarmouth (aouth), .

2,784 82

1,825 46

4,110 28
$294,738 81

107 67

260 81

5.082

254 10

ToUla,

$242,842 65

$51,896 16

519.224

$20,681 25

— _- - _ _ _

—

- -_ _

- — - -

_ -

- —

HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Appendix G

Statement showing the Kumber op Petitions received

AND THE Length of Way petitioned for, the Lay-
outs MADE AND THEIR LeNGTH AND DISTRIBUTION, IN THE

Various Counties of the Commonwealth.

PSTinOMB

BBOBITXD.

Pbtitionb

SITUATED IN —

Lay-outs

MADEIH —

it
-onte.

OOUNTIBS.

•

»5»

•

5i3

•

Barnstabto,

Berkshire, .

Biistot,

Daket,

•4

BMez, •

4«

Fraokltn, .

—

Hampdeo, .

Hampobire,

MlddleMZ, .

106

116

Nunmokct,

Norfolk, .

Plymouth, .

BiifColk,

Worcester,

117

124

172

Touts, .

«a

670

678

288

810

108

214

902

Number of Petitions recbiyed, eto. — Concluded.

Lehothb
pbtitionkd fob.

Lengths laid out.

counties.

ISM-lMS.

1—4.

TOTAL.

Feet.

MUes.

Feet.

Miles.

Feet.

Miles.

Feet.

Miles.

Barnstable, .

684,611

120.17

260,400

47.48

88,856

15.78

888,766

68.21

Berkshire,

608,786

116.80

164.429

81.14

25,426

4.81

189,854

86.96

Brtsiol, .

788.600

180.87

216,084

41.10

0,966

1.88

226,989

42.90

Dukes, .

121,048

22.02

60,488

9.66

18,286

2.61

63,724

12.07

Essex, .

912,660

172.86

198,666

86.08

16,176

2.88

208,841

89.66

FrankliD,

640,889

102.84

140,828

26.67

16,266

2.89

156,084

29.16

Hampden,

626,828

90.60

160.420

80.88

20,621

8.91

181,041

84.29

Hampshire,

496,868

94.01

128.888

24.41

8,667

1.64

187,640

26.06

MIddlfsez.

1,426.616

269.98

894,966

74.80

82,686

6.18

427,691

80.06

NsDiocket,

84,186

6.47

84,211

6.48

84,211

6.48

Norfolk,

684,486

110.70

17*2,189

82.61

21,914

4.16

194,108

86.76

Pl> mtiath,

816.666

164.46

286,718

64.80

21,240

4.02

807,068

68.82

Bnflolk, .

56,876

10.68

9,638

1.88

2,011

.88

1I,«M

2.21

Worcester,

1,689,286

201.62
1,710.86

462,741

87.64

61.820

9.82

614,661

07.46

ToUls,

> •

9,088,876

2,666,646

606.08

821,801

60.86

2,087,846

666.88

No. 54.]

APPENDIX H.

H
O

a
m

g I

-S 8

1 ^

n
8

K
H

I I

S I

2 «o

I §

I I

I '

gill

S 1

CO M M n M k-

■-4 ai

S8SS8SSS

I 8 H S § S i g

^^ « ■> at «

I I

s s

8 S

8 88888888

9 0

a
o

S -o

9 X

-^ H h I?

a
o

111

1 ^ ^

o • ©

a. a to ^

»1

a J!
8 e

M S

a a

a
■2 a.

I-

ft
•s •

81
• §

a S
8 a

S S

s e

8a
|2

M S

fflGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

o
H

If
I

•s

a g s

% s % a -3

g 1 1 I g

o o o o o

•4 — p-J * •-!

« o • ^ •

> > > ■ >

§ S g s g

O O O 99 O

e
§

HAS
S

§!§§§§§

* «ft « *k flb » A

c I

S 8 % §

OE fM f^ <0

• ■>»•>

^ M M •->

I t

I i< I

§ '

' S ' § I

tl%

§ i §

kw 00 c«
^ eo" V

s s

8 «

• 8

1H «0

sssssiss

M f-l

s s

§ 8 S sis

8 S S 2

S 04 S 9

^ ^ e«

■O

8
8

I I

8S88888S

»M ^ M

8 8

00
00

e«

•8

3
I
a*

9 "O

,- 1 s

^ g r f 1 1

O Oi OD GQ CD H t^

8 8 8 8 8

. * 8 5. ^.

00 f^ pi^

a
o

^* • • a . •

^ s I b s

b C to 0 O
^ ^ I I ;

s s s I I

Q £ S m h

No. 54.]

APPENDIX H.

> >

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No. 54.] APPENDIX I. ' 91

Appendix I.

Report op Edward W. Biieed on Tree Planting.

Clinton, Mass., Nov. 28, 1904.
To the Massachusells Highway Commission.

Gentlemen: — After receiving from yoa a statement as to the
number of trees that could be planted by the commission during the
year 1904, a proposal was prepared, calling for bids for the furnish-
ing of 4,000 trees. The contract was awarded to Ellwanger & Barry
of Rochester, N. Y. The trees were to be shipped to South Lan-
caster, to a plot of ground kindly furnished the commission by Mr.
Parker, and from this point they were reshipped to their desired des-
tination, unless held here for fall shipment.

In company with members of your commission and division engi-
neers, I visited such sections of the State roads as you had selected
to be planted with trees, and decided what varieties to plant. Later,
in company with the division engineers or their assistants, we drove
stakes where each tree should be planted, marking the kind and num-
ber of tree. The ground was then prepared by the road superin-
tendent of each division in accordance with directions given, varying
as to natural conditions and requirements of each kind.

During the spring 1,425 trees were planted in the following sec-
tions : —

Fitchburg and Westminster, ^ . . 896

Leicester and Spencer, 588

Yarmouth and Dennis, 447

Attention was given to every detail in the planting, which, with the
very favorable weather that followed, produced very satisfactory
results. In the above-mentioned planting the loss thus far has been
less than one per cent.

When the trees were shipped, any tree that was not well supplied
with roots was kept back to grow in the nursery during the summer,
where, under more favorable circumstances, it would be less likely to
die.

During the summer preparations for the fall planting were made by
staking out, preparing of the ground, etc.

92 HIGHWAY COMMISSION. [Pub. Doc.

Upon digging the trees that had been growing In the nursery dur-
ing the summer, it was wonderful to notice the large number of fibrous
roots that had developed, ensuring satisfactory results in the future.

During the fall season 2,219 trees have been planted in the follow-
ing sections : —

TowDseod, 348

Fitchburg and Ashby, 601

Andover and North Reading, >
Reading and Stoneham, \

Westwood, Norwood and Walpole, 256

Lee and Lenox, 123

Natick and Wellesley, 218

The trees have all received a mulching of strawy manure, and in a
few instances, where they are exposed to high winds, they have been
staked.

The ground at the nursery has been plowed and dressed with wood
ashes.

There remain on hand 159 trees.

The table on the following page shows the varieties and distribu-
tion of the trees planted this year.

I wish to express to the commission my hearty appreciation of the
very courteous attention that I have received from them, the division
engineers and their assistants, all of whom seem interested in the
work, which I trust will prove a lasting benefit to our Commonwealth.

Respectfully submitted,

E. W. BREED.

No. 54.]

APPENDIX I.

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Appendix J.

Appropriations .

Appropriaiionsfor the (Jonstrudion and Repair of State Highways.

1894, chapter 497, section 8 $300,000 00

400,000 00

600,000 00

800,000 00

400,000 00

500.000 00

500,000 00

' 2,250,000 00

1895, chapter 347, section 3,

1896, chapter 481, section 3,

1897, chapter 340, section 1,

1898, chapter 539, section 1,

1899, chapter 396, section 1,

1900, chapter 442, section 1,

1901, chapter 269, section 1,

1902, chapter 246, section 1,

1903, chapter 280, section 1,

Total,

$6,750,000 00

Appropriations for the Salaries and Expenses of the Commissvm, paid from

the Treasury of the Commonwealth.

1898, chapter 497, section 1,

1899, chapter 367, section 1,

1900, chapter 141, section 1,

1901, chapter 451, section 1,

1902, chapter 67, section 1,

1903, chapter 14, section 1 ,

1904, chapter 19, section 1,

f 14,300 00
28,600 00
28,600 00
83,750 00
83,750 00
33,950 00

- 88,950 00

Approprialiofis for Maintenance^ paid from the Treaaury of the Common-
wealth.

1903, chapter 280, section 2,

1904, chapter 316, section 1,

$40,000 00
50,000 00

I To cover a period of five yeare.

* iDolodes expoDM of aotomobile registration.

INDEX.

PAGE

Appropriation for maintenance recommended, 11

Appropriations for salaries and expenses, 1896-1904, inclnsiye, ... 91

Appropriations for State liigliway construction, 6, 91

Assessments, county, 6

Assessments, maintenance, on cities and towns 75

Automobile registration, 18, 21

Automobiles, discussion of existing laws relating to, 18

Bridges and oulyerts, 7, 15

Claims, statement of, 72

Clerical force, 26

Completed road, miles of, 5

Concrete culverts and bridges, 7

Construction, discussion of methods, etc., . 6

Construction, table of details of work done, etc 42

Contracts, number of, in 1904 6

Contract prices, table of, 66

Contractors, list of, taking contracts in 1904, 67

Cost of State highways 7»

County assessments 6

Culverts and bridges, discussion of, 7

Damages, statement of claims for 72

Engineering work, office, 15

Bngineers employed, 26

Engineers, resident, work on which employed during 1904 62

Expenditures for construction, 27

Expenditures for maintenance, 33

Expenditures for repairs to road macliinery, 39

Expenditures for salaries and expenses 39

Expenditures, summary of, . • 40

Expenditures under "small town ''act, .* 38

Expenditures on account of street railways, 39

Expenditures on account of automobile department, 39

98 INDEX.

PAGE

Expenditures on account of Lynn road, 39

Expenditures on account of special work at Middlefield, .... 38

Expenditures on account of tree planting, 39

Extraordinary repairs, table of, 10

Gravel roads, discussion of, 7

Hearings, county, 5

Layouts made in 1904, 5

Layouts made, summary of, 42, 82

Length of State highway completed 5, 42

Length of roads built under " small towp " acts, 5, 83

Legislation, new, recommended 13

Location of State highways 42

Lynn road, 13

Maintenance, appropriation for, recommended, 11

Maintenance, amounts to be assessed on towns and cities, .... 75

Maintenance contracts, . 8

Maintenance, cost of, 8, 75

Maintenance, discussion of cost of, etc., 8

Maintenance, expenditures for, 33

Meetings of* commission, 5

Municipalities in which work has been done during 1904, .... 62

Offlce'engineering work, 15

Office expenses, 39

Petitions 6,82

Petitions received during 1904, 6

Petitions, distribution of, and lengths of road petitioned for, .... 82

Prices, contract, in 1904, table of, 66

Registration of automobiles, 18, 21

Repairs and maintenance (see maintenance) .

Resident engineers employed during 1904, list of, 62

Resurfaced roads, 9, 10

Road* machinery, discussion of use of 14

Road rollers, work done by, 14

Roads resurfaced, 9, 10

INDEX. 99

PAQB

'•Small town" work, 5,11,83

Steam road rollers, 14

Street railways, 6, 39

Stone cmshers, 16

Surfacing material, 42

Surveys, 15

Telfording , discussion of, 7

Tree planting, 16, 91

Trees, shade, discussion of present law oouceming, 21

Trees, varieties and distribution of trees planted in 1904, .... 93

V-shaped drains, 7

Weweantit River bridges, 8

Widths of State highways, 42

.*o«t .r« .oja OT oiToiimoo

AppaovKD BT
The State Board of Publication.

OFFICERS.

CammisHoners,
A. G. BULLOCK. HAROLD PARKER.

THEO. L. HARLOW.

Superintendents

GUY H. CHASE.

Address, Princeton, Mass.

BOLTON'S BROOK.

Commoiifojealt^ af gtstssarfeusetls.

EEPORT OF COMMISSIONERS.

In our fourth annual report we presented the necessity
of establishing fire guards upon the reservation, and sug-
gested at fhat time that an appropriation be granted for that
purpose, but it was not favorably acted upon. We desire
in this our fifth annual report again to emphasize the neces-
sity of the establishment of these fire guards upon the
reservation.

We wish particularly to refer to tliat i)ortion of the report
of our superintendent wherein he refers to the importance
of providing such safeguards upon the reservation. At the
risk of repeating what we have already stated in previous
reports, we feel it our duty to again present this matter in
as forcible a manner as possible. The commission believe
that, unless some steps are taken in the direction of procuring
proper and efficient protection against fire, the reservation
will at certain seasons of the year be left open to a possible
conflagration, and consequent serious loss to the State, which
it would take many years to repair. The danger of this will
be more apparent when it is considered that the reservation
embraces at the present time over 1,300 acres.

As has been pointed out in the repoi-t of our superintend-
ent, we have already been visited by one conflagration,
which, had it not been for most favorable circumstances
which existed at that time, would have proven a very seri-
ous loss to the Commonwealth. The necessity of these fire
guards was at that time made apparent, and, in order that
the property of the Commonwealth may be properly pro-
tected, we desire again to draw your attention to the neces-
sity of an appropriation for this purpose.

6 WACHUSETT MOUNTAIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

Not less than $15,000 will be required to properly estab-
lish these fire guards, and for the purpose of acquiring some
small tracts of land which are very essential in establishing
the proper natural boundaries of the reservation upon the
travelled highways. We desire to point out, in connection
with the establishment of these proposed fire guards, that
not less than two of them should extend across the above-
mentioned tracts of land which it is the desire of the coin-
mission to acquire for the State. It should also be borne in
mind that these fire guards can at a comparatively moderate
expense be eventually developed into comfortable roads over
the different parts of the reservation, and in this way result
in opening the same to the general public. If may not
be out of place to say that at the present time there is but
one road accessible for vehicles upon the reservation, and
consequently but a small portion of it is available except to
pedestrians.

This reservation is a very valuable possession of the State,
and, as has been pointed out in our fourth annual report,
provides a recreation ground for the people of the central por-
tion of the State. To quote fi'om this report : " Worcester
County alone contains 1,600 square miles, or nearly 20 per
cent, of the entire area of the State. Its population is over
350,000, and its valuation is about $250,000,000." The
reservation is being visited by larger numbers than in pre-
vious years, and is fast becoming a popular resort. In-
creased facilities for reaching it in the way of trolley lines
are under contemplation, and, in the opinion of the com-
mission, the reservation is- becoming appreciated more and
more every year.

In view of this fact, viz., that the public is making greater
use of the reservation each year, the absolute necessity for
better accommodations at the summit becomes more ap-
parent. The old hotel is in part entirely ruinous, and
cannot be properly repaired; it must be reconstructed.
The money received from the county is, under tlie law,
only available for purposes of maintenance ; and the county
cannot, even if willing to do so, build new structures on
State land. The commission feel that something must be

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 65. 7

done in the State's interest, and that our manifest duty
would be neglected if we did not present the facts for your
considemtion, and suggest a means of preserving property
under our care. The commission urge the appropriation of
an additional sum of $10,000, to be used in removing the
ruinous parts of the summit house and adjoining buildings,
and the erection of suitable structures in their stead.

The commission, therefore, recommend the passage of the
following act : —

An Act to phovide for the Improvement and Enlargement

OF THE WaCHUSETT MOUNTAIN StATE RESERVATION.

Be it enacted, etc., as follows :

Section 1. A sum not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars
Bball be allowed and paid out of the treasury of the Common-
wealth, from the ordinary revenue, to be expended by the Wachu-
sett mountain state reservation commission for the following
purposes : for the construction of fire guards in and upon said
reservation, and for acquiring, by purchase or otherwise, such
lands adjoining the present Wachusett mountain state reservation
as said commission may deem it necessary or advisable to acquire,
a sum not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars ; for the reconstruc-
tion of the summit house and adjacent buildings on Wachusett
mountain in said reservation, a sum not exceeding ten thousand
dollars.

Section 2. Said commission shall have the same power to
acquire, take and care for such additional lands as are given to it
by section four of chapter three hundred and seventy-eight of the
acts of the year eighteen hundred and ninety-nine, and section
two of chapter four hundred and ninety-six of the acts of the year
nineteen hundred and one, in respect to the lands already acquired
by the commission for said reservation. The additional lands
taken or acquired under the provisions of this act shall form a part
of said reservation, and the title thereto shall be and remain in the
Commonwealth.

Section 8. This act shall take effect upon its passage.

Respecttully submitted,

A. G. BULLOCK,
HAROLD PARKER,
T. L. HARLOW,

Co7nmissio7iers.

8 WACHUSETT MOUNTAIN COM^flSSIOX. [Jan

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.

Princeton, Maas., Jed. 1, 1905.
To the Wach^isetl Mountain Stale Reservation Commission.

Gentlemen : — The administration of the reservation
having been under your direction, it is unnecessary to enter
into detail of the work done during the past year ; but I
wish to again call your attention to the urgent need of lire
guards or roads. In my last annual report to the Board
T indicated upon a map the general lay-out of such roads or
lire guards, and since that time I have built a section, and
have other sections under way ; but, unless the appropria-
tion is materially increased, it will take many years to
properly protect the reservation, while disastrous fires are
liable to occur at any time. This is especially true of tracts
of land open to the public, and a fire with slight headway
under proper conditions might devastate the mountain.

As an illustration of this danger, I might state that a fire
which started recently, and burned over about ten acres,
killing every tree upon the tract, was finally extinguished
only by a combination of favorable conditions, which would
seldom occur. The fire occurred on the outside limits of
the reservation, the direction of the wind was favorable, and
the fire ran to an old brook bed that acted as a fire guard,
and well illustrated their practical value.

With the intention of reforesting the waste lands of the
reservation, and that portion where the growth is in a de-
cline, we have established a nursery, in which we raise
young conifers from the seed, for transplanting upon these
areas. This nursery is started in a small way, but will be
materially enlarged the coming spring. It will be unwise
to plant extensive areas of young pines and spruces without
adequate protection from running fires, for even a light sur-
face fire will ruin a plantation of young transplants, which

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 65. 9

marks the beginning of a future forest reservation. I con-
sider it not only good administration to protect the property
of the Commonwealth from a danger of fire, but also a plain
business of insurance against fire losses.

These fire guards are merely cleared strips about twenty
feet wide, dividing the reservation into relativelj'^ small
areas, upon which a fire may be controlled. These divi-
sions may be subdivided by paths cleared to a width of six
or eight feet, thus making the reservation accessible at all
points. The guards and paths are laid out with due regard
to the topography of the mountain ; and, while the present
purpose is to prevent the spread of fires and to provide
means of reaching them with proper facilities for extinguish-
ing the same, they may ultimately be made into very good
driving roads and paths, at a moderate additional expense.
Any delay in providing for these fire guards may be attended
with serious losses.

The land upon which the nursery is located is leased land,
and two of the fire guards are laid out across the parcel, and
it is essential that an appropriation be made for the purchase
of said parcel.

The relief map is well under way, and will be completed
this winter. It is made upon a vertical scale of fifty feet to
an inch, and a horizontal scale of two hundred feet to an
inch. It will show with extreme accuracy the shape of the
mountain, and, with the topography map which has recently
l)een completed, will be of gi'eat assistance in all work of
development of the reservation, not only for the present,
but for years to come. The relief map will be interestinir
to the public, as well as useful for the administration.

The buildings at headquarters have been painted and
minor repairs made, and all the grading, seeding and tree
l)lanting finished, and very little money will have to be ex-
pended at headquarters in the future ; a considerable part
of our appropriation has been spent in getting things into
shape for the proper future development of the reservation,
and now we have proper facilities to devote the whole ap-
propriation to development and maintenance.

Last year a new dam was built at Echo Lake, raising the

10 WACHUSETT MOUNTAIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

water a little over two feet, and it was spiled only about
ten feet each side of the flume in the centre of the dam. It
became evident that to make a water-tight dam it would be
necessary to spile the whole length, which has been done.
We also placed our water pipes under the dam, and buried
them to a depth of four and one-half feet all the distance to
the cottages and stable, thus preventing a recurrence of last
year's trouble with frozen water pipes. A road to Echo
Lake has been built, and is a fair type of road that may
ultimately be built upon the lines of our fire guards. •

We have made, painted and set many signs, giving dis-
tances, directions and elevations at many places upon the
reservation ; and upon the mountain road we have con-
structed a small shelter and one lookout, which have proved
so useful and popular that more should be built in the spring.

The hotel was leased to Mr. William R. Howe the past
season, and the observatory, as usual, was managed by our
employee. I think the attendance on the mountain showed
an increase over the preceding year. The visitors have
been very orderly, and it has been necessary to arrest but
six persons.

Two or three more traps for wild deer have been con-
structed, and the old ones improved by a new gate device.
This season we have caught one large buck and two does.

We have trimmed the underbrush along a strip of land
bordering upon the road on the westerly edge of the reser-
vation, and are only waiting a favorable time to burn it, thus
improving the former dangerous conditions. We can now
burn over areas of land with a greater degree of safety,
as I have purchased six hand chemical fire extinguishers,
which have proved very useful.

I will again urge an appropriation for the purchase of the
Sawtelle parcel, which is needed to round out the lines of
the reservation, and also to give us more bam room and a
place for the workmen to live.

Respectfully submitted,

GUY H. CHASE,

SuperintendefU.

ROAD TO ECHO LAKE.

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PnBLIC DOCUMENT .

REPORT

COMMISSIONERS

WAK EECORDS,

January, 1905.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,

18 Post Okkick Square.

190ft.

Appbotbd bt
Thb State Boabd of Publication.

Commonb)£Hltl^ d P^HSsarbusetts^

REPORT.

The Commissioners on War Records have the honor to
submit the following report.

Soldiers.

The work of this Bureau on records of soldiers has been
continued for the past year on hospital and casualty reports
and books outside of the regular rolls ; and on enlistment
papers, — one of the most important series of documents
contained in the archives, and which, begun upon in 1903,
has been made use of for the first time by this Bureau, and
is most important in clearing up numerous incorrect or
defective records. More hospital books and casualty reports
have been discovered in the archives the past year, and are
in process of carding.

The results of the work have been very gratifying.
There has been no year since the establishment of the Bureau
^vhen so much has been accomplished in the way of correc-
tion of errors in the roster, and the connection of sei^ices
in diflerent organizations of this Commonwealth, or of men
in Massachusetts regiments or batteries, with their service
in other State organizations or in the regular army or navy.

In connection with the State Aid Bureau, investigation
has revealed a number of men who had been drawing State
or military aid, who were deserters, and not entitled to such
aid.

Many instances have come to light, as in previous years,
where men have been felsely charged with desertion. Curl-

4 COMMISSIONER ON WAR RECORDS. [Jan.

ous and interesting cases could be given of facts revealed by
the investigations in this particular line, but such have no
place in a report which calls for conciseness.

Sailors.

The branch of the work comprising naval enlistments and
transfers is well advanced toward publication. The carding
of all the books of the Adjutant-General's lists of sailors and
marines as they now stand, with everything that up to this
time applies to the service of sailors and marines, is com-
pleted, and believed to be correct as far as now known.
Numerous additions must be made after ascertaining certain
facts from the Navy department, which has shown every
courtesy in promptly furnishing all information asked for.
Care has to be taken, however, not to call for too much at a
time, as such a course might result unfavorably.

It has been necessary, nevertheless, to defer work in one
direction, — that of examination for indispensable informa-
tion contained in the earlier letter files, embracing the com-
munications of many years from the Navy department, which
files have been for months at the bindery, and only recently
returned to the Adjutant-Geneittl's archives.

This branch of the work requires peculiarly careful inves-
tigation, and presents difficulties unknown to the army rec-
ords. The results during the past year have been very
satisfactory. The names of a large number of men who
served from this Commonwealth in the navy, either by orig-
inal enlistment or by transfer from the army, records of
whose service had hitherto been lacking, have been added
to the list. Corrections in records of hundreds of sailors
have been made.

It is proper to remark that only those men who were
residents of this Commonwealth at the time of their enlist-
ment are included in the (juota of Massachusetts, wherever
or on whatever station they may have enlisted. Those who
had moved away and become permanently citizens elsewhere
are not properly to be considered as Massachusetts men,
although they may have been born within the limits of the
Commonwealth. Of course all men who were enlisted or

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 66. 5

drafted from any station, and were afterwards formally al-
lowed as on the Massachusetts quota, are to be rated as on
the list of Massachusetts sailors or marines.

The original enlistment rolls of the receiving ship *' Ohio "
are now on the receiving ship ''Wabash," at Charlestown
Navy Yard, and are open to this Bureau through the cour-
tesy of the admiral in command on this station. They are
invaluable in many ways where it is necessary to verify
dates of enlistments, secure descriptive lists, and to deter-
mine the facts relative to identification in many cases where
confusion has existed up to this time in regard to the identity
of certain men.

All information received from the officers at the Charles-
town Navy Yard and receiving ship, as well as from the
Bureau of Navigation, and the adjutant and inspector of the
United States Marine Corps, has been full, exact and of
final value.

The work is progressing as rapidly as can be expected,
where close and careful examination is often very diflScult*
The results already apparent are proving its value.

Many appreciative letters are received from soldiers »^^
sailors who have, through the efforts of this Bureau, recei>^^^
completed or corrected records of service.

Respectfully submitted,

samup:l dalton,

WM. M. OLIN,

HENRY E. TURNER,

Commissioners on War
BOBTOK, Dec. 31, 1904.

PUBLIC DOOIIMENT .

FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT

Greylock Commission.

January, 1906.

BOSTON :
WHKillT Si POTTER PRINTING CO.. STATE (.j^ ,,
18 Post Omoa Sqoabe. %'*'■

1905.

Appkotkd bt

fj^tiB State Board of Publication,

C0mm0ntomIt]^ 0f gjassar^usjettft

REPORT OF THE GREYLOCK COMMISSION,

The reservation now embi-aces 5,460 acres, and we are just
about to add 30 acres. The Legislature last spring granted
the reservation $14,000. The land we wished to purchase lay
in one body in an extreme portion of the range. The owner-
ship and boundaries were uncertain, and there seemed to be
a disposition to put up prices. Under these circumstances
it was necessary to do considerable preliminary work. This
is now about finished and we hope shortly to add a thousand
or more acres.

The number of visitors has been large during the year.
. The chief work accomplished has been the lajdng out and
partially completing a road toward Pittsfield with a better
grade.

JOHN BASCOM,

FEANCIS W. ROCKWELI^,

WM. H. SPERRY,

Commissioners.

WlLLIAMBTOWN, MA88., DcC. 21, 1904.

PDBLIC DOCUMENT .

THIED ANNUAL REPORT

State Boaed of Publication.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS.

18 Post Office Sqcare.

190S.

Cnmmonfoealt^ d Plassat^nsjetts.

ANmJAL REPORT.

To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Common-

ivealth of Massachusetts,

The State Board of Publication submits herewith its third
annual report.

There has been a continued disposition on the part of the
various departments whose reports come under the supervi-
sion of this Board to keep such reports within the smallest
confines, and in some instances further reductions in the
number of pages have been made. The statutes require
that the State Board of Insanity shall prescribe what statis-
tics shall be published in the reports of the various insti-
tutions under their control. During the past year these
statistics have been thoroughly revised by the clerk of that
Board, with the result that statistical tables which appear in
the reports of the trustees of the various insane hospitals
and asylums this year are in a much more concise and intel-
ligible form, and in addition are reduced over thirty per
cent.

In its last annual report this Board called attention to the
publication in some of the annual reports of voluminous
statistics, questioning the usefulness of such, and suggesting
that some legislation be enacted relative to the subject.
Chapter 388 of the Acts of the year 1904 is the result of
that and other recommendations. Section 2 of that act is
as follows : —

Section 2. Boards, commissioDS and heads of departmentB
having charge of preparing and printing docaments relating to
their departments shall not incorporate therein any statistics an-
less the same shall be approved by the state board of pablication«

4 STATE BOARD OF PUBLICATION. [Jan.

With a view to determining the exact authority this Board
was given in the matter of eliminating statistical tables, a
communication was addressed to the Attorney-General,
asking for an opinion, in answer to which the following
was received : —

Office of the Attorney-General,
Boston, Sept. 21, lflG4.

William N. Davbnpobt, Secretary^ State Board oj Publicaiion.

Dear Sir: — The State Board of Pablication in substance de-
sires to know whether specific statistics required to be set forth
and published in the reports of officials or departments of the
Commonwealth, under the provisions of general or special laws,
are now within the supervisory jurisdiction of the State Board of
Publication, as defined by section 2 of chapter 388 of the Acts
of 1904, which section is as follows : —

Boards, commlssioDs and heads of departments having charge of pre-
paring and printing documents relating to their various departments
shall not incorporate therein any statistics unless the same shall be
approved by the state board of publication.

I am of opinion that this section must be restricted in its appli-
cation to those statistics which are not specifically required by
legislation to be embodied in the reports under consideration.
And I am further of opinion that, where there is a specific statu-
tory requirem<ent for the publication in any report of commission
or offlci&l of particular statistics, such must be so published, and
the duty of publication is imposed upon the official or commission
by statute.

I am of opinion that the statute of 1904 above referred to cannot
and ought not to be so construed as by indirection to modify, alter
or remove a specific official duty imposed by law upon any officer
or servant of the Commonwealth.

It seems to me, therefore, perfectly clear that the jurisdiction
of the Board of Publication does not extend so far as to authorize
or permit that Board to restrict or prohibit the publication of
specific statistics required by pre-existing law. If the Board of
Publication have any jurisdiction in such premises, it must be
limited to an examination of such statistics, and to the determina-
tion whether or not they comply with the legal requirements relat-
ing thereto ; and the Board might, if it appeared that the statistics
offered for publication exceeded such requirement, reduce them to
the limit of legal requirement ; but it is indeed doubtful whether
even this power is vested in the Board of Publication, since their

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 69. 5

aathority in general is supervisory, and dearly not intended to
limit or control those pablications which the law has otherwise
specifically required.

Yours very truly, Herbert Parker,

Attorney ' Oeneral

The Boards of Registration in Pharmacy, Dentistry and
Veterinary Medicine each asked for permission to print in
their annual reports of this year lists of all persons registered
by them. It did not appear to this Board that these lists
were of sufficient value to be so published. The several
Boards were so notified, and also informed that, if they
desired to publish such lists in their annual reports in the
future, legislative authority for so doing would have to be
obtained. The Board of Registration in Medicine has for
several years published in its annual report a list of all per-
sons registered by it, and such a list was included in the
last report approved by the State Board of Publication. In
this case notice was also given that this Board would not
approve the publication of the list in the future, unless
authorized by statute.

If it seems advisable to your honorable bodies that such
lists should be included in the annual reports of these
Boards, we would suggest legislation to that end.

Respectfully submitted,

JAMES W. KIMBALL.
WM. N. DAVENPORT.
JOHN WOODBURY.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT .

SECOND ANNUAL EEPOET

Charles Eiver Basin
Commission.

October 1, 1904.

BOSTON :
WBIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATB I'Sm^r.-^oS,
18 Post Okfice Sqdare. ^*''^ '

Approved bt
The State Board or Publication.

Commonwealth at W^uB&Ktl^mttiB,

SECOND KEPORT OF THE COMMISSION.

To His Excellency the Oovemor and the Honorable Council of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts,

The Commission appointed under chapter 465 of the Acts of
the year 1903, and termed the Charles River Basin Commis-
sion, has the honor to make the following report of its pro-
ceedings and expenditures, in accordance with section 2 of the
act establishing the Commission. As required by section 5 of
chapter 9 of the Revised Laws of Massachusetts, this report is
for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

The Dam and Lock.

The preparation of the plans and specifications for the dam
and lock has been the foremost matter receiving the attention
of the Comimission and its force of engineers throughout the
year. To secure a safe construction of the dam and lock, in a
fonn which would be likely to prove satisfactory for many
years to come, involved some unusual features of engineering,
which required a development of the entire plan of construction
before any contracts could be let, and involved the necessity
of going minutely into details of all plans to be submitted to
contractors. The engineers have, nevertheless, made excellent
progress. The Commission is nearly ready to make a prelimi-
nary announcement of the quantities involved in the first con-
tract,— that for the main portion of the dam and lock. The
plans and specifications for this contract are nio^^ iwWy ^^'
scribed in the engineer's report, attached hereto ^ \^ \s ex-
pected that bids for this contract will be opened i-^^ ociOi*^^'

4 CHARLES RIVER BASIX COMMISSIOX. [Jan.

1904, and if all goes well, the contract will probably be let by
the beginning of 1905. A perspective plan, in colors, of the
dam and its appurtenances, substantially as the same will
appear Avhen the work of the Commission has been completed,
was sent to the St. Louis Exposition, and was exhibited in the
Massachusetts building. This plan was the means of attract-
ing widespread interest in the proposed Charles River basin
among engineers, both American and foreign. A cut made
from a photograph of the plan appears at the beginning of this
report.

After careful investigation and report by its engineers, the
Commission voted to establish, as the minimum grade for the
permanent level of the basin, the grade of 8 feet above Boston
base, or about 2^ feet below the average high tide.

The Marginal Conduits.

The marginal conduits, both on the Boston and Cambridge
sides of the river, are receiving the attention of the Commis-
sion and its engineers ; but, since they admit of fiister con-
struction than the dam and lock, the contract for the latter is
to be let first. Work upon the plans for the conduits is pro-
ceeding satisfactorily. There are two pieces of work to be
done by the city of Boston which have an important relation to
the marofinal conduit on the Boston side. The first is the work
of constructing the wall and embankment or parkway in the
rear of Beacon and Brimmer streets, as provided in chapter
465 of the Acts of 1903. If the building of this wall by the
city is contemporaneous with the Commission's work on the
conduit, a great saving of expense will be secured, both to
the city and to the Commonwealth. The second piece of work
is that of establishing a separate system of sewerage in the
Back Bay district. This plan has received the recommendation
of the present mayor of Boston, and, if carried out, will be
a great help toward securing satisfactory conditions in the
Charles River basin.

The License of the War Department.

Whereas^ the Charles River Basin Commission, having authority of
the Legislature of the State of MaBsachusetts to construct a dam,
lock and draw, and to dredge canals and channels in the Charles

V^oJ/

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 5

River, at Boston, Massachusetts, in accordance with the provisions
of an Act of the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachu-
setts, approved June 24, 1903, entitled ^' An Act to authorize the
construction of a dam across the Charles River between the cities of
Boston and Cambridge" (Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1903,
pages 495-501), has submitted to the Secretary of War, for his ex-
amination and approval, drawings showing the locations and general
plans of the dimensions of such structures and works ;

Now^ therefore^ This is to certify that the Secretary of War, under
authority of Sections 9 and 10 of the River and Harbor Act of March
3, 1899 (30 Stat. L., 1151), and in accordance with the recommenda-
tion of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, hereby approves
the locations and general plans of said dam, lock and draw, as shown
on the said drawings, which are hereto attached, and hereby author-
izes the dredging of the canals and channels indicated thereon ; sub-
ject, however, to the following express conditions and limitations,
viz. : —

1. That detailed plans for the lock and dam, and of all channels
to be dredged outside established harbor lines, shall be submitted to
the Secretary of War, and that the work be not begun until such
plans have received his approval.

2. That the Charles River Basin Commission, or its successors,
shall operate the lock, at their own expense, as a free navigable
waterway of the United States, subject to such regulations as the
Secretary of War may promulgate.

3. That the emptying of the basin shall be subject to regulation by
the Secretary of War.

4. That the Charles River Basin Commission shall dredge and
maintain in the basin, from the head of the lock to the channel in the
river, a channel 100 feet wide and 18 feet deep at mean low water, in
a location to be approved by the Secretary of War.

5. That whenever called upon to do so by the Secretary of War,
the Charles River Basin Commission shall deepen 2.2 feet the channel
80 feet wide called for by the present approved project for the im-
provement of Charles River by the United States, known as the
project of June 14, 1880, the said deepening to extend as far as
Brackett's wharf.

6. That the Charles River Basin Commission shall maintain >n
the Charles River, from the head of the 35-foot channel at Charles
River bridge to the dam and lock, the necessary depth and width of
channel for the commerce of the river, as fixed by the Secretary of
War.

7. That the alterations in the bridge of the Boston and Maine
Railroad Company ordered by said Act of the General Court of

6 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

Massachusetts shall be made, approval of the plans by the Secretary
of War being obtained, as required by law.

8. That the approval hereby granted shall not be construed as
authorizing any invasion of property rights, or any act whereBy a
claim for damages against the United States might arise.
Witness my hand this 18th day of May, 1904.

Robert Shaw Oliver,

Acting Secretary of War,

On the sixth day of September the Oommission submitted
its detail plans for the dam and lock.

Legislation of 1904.

Upon the request of the Commission, His Excellency John
L. Bates sent a message to the Legislature, recommending that
the Commonwealth accept the conditions laid down by the
War Department. In accordance with the Governor's recom-
mendation, the Legislature passed chapter 107 of the Resolves
of 1904, a copy of which will be found in Appendix B of this
report.

The Temporary Highway Bridge.

The Commission is requked, by section 3 of chapter 465 of
the Acts of 1903, to remove Craigie bridge ; and it is essential
to the satisfactory progress of the work of building the dam
that portions of the bridge shall be removed within a reasonably
short time after the contractor for the dam and lock begins his
work. TraflSc over Craigie bridge is large, and of great im-
poitance to many citizens of the Commonwealth ; the Com-
mission has therefore felt the necessity of providing for the
continuance of the traffic without inteiTuption during the proc-
ess of building the dam. To have built a temporary bridge on
the upper side of Craigie bridge would have been very expen-
sive and somewhat inconvenient; three drawbridges would
have been necessary in such a bridge.

A fortunate solution to the problem was found when the
officials of the Boston & Maine Railroad consented to allow the
Commission to use the Boston & Lowell freight bridge, next
below Craigie bridge, which, under chapter 465 of the Acts of
1903, the railroad is ordered to remove. By the construction

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 7

of short approaches to Bridge Street in Cambridge and Leverett
Street in Boston, and some reconstruction of the railroad
bridge, a better highway than the present Craigie bridge can
be secured for traffic. The Commission's plans for such use
of the railroad bridge have already received the approval of
the Secretary of War.

Additional Legislation needed.

Though the Legislature has granted to the Commission broad
powers relating to the construction of the dam and lock, some
doubt has been expressed as to the Conmiission's authority to
do the work necessary to utilize the Boston & Maine Eailroad's
freight bridge as a temporary highway bridge. The Attorney-
General, -in an opinion dated Aug. 5, 1904, thus advises the
Commission : « ' The suggested temporary bridge would be, in
my opinion, a technical interference with the right of naviga-
tion, and in violation of the strict statutory provisions relating
to tide water."

Acting upon the advice above stated, the Commission hereby
requests and recommends that the Legislature give it authority
to contract with the Boston & Maine Railroad for the use of its
bridge, to add to and reconstruct the same for highway pur-
poses, to erect in tide water such piles and other structures as
may be necessary for the purposes above stated, and to remove
the same upon the completion of the dam.

Hearings.

During the year the Commission has held several important
hearings, as follows : —

On January 26, March 8, April 25 and June 22, delegations
representing the owners of wharves on the basin and on the
Broad and Lechmere canals were heard upon the question of
the width and depth of the lock. An agreement was finally
reached, establishing the width at 45 feet and the deptV at 3.4^
feet deeper than the minimum requirement of ehapt^^ k^\ oi
the Acts of 1903, making a total depth of 17 feet b^A «n

low- water mark, which depth was approved bj'- Q ^NS ^ ^
Stanton, representing the War Department. ^\ "^ •

8 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan,

On February 2, the mayor and others representing the city
of Boston appeared before the Commission to ask it not to build
the marginal conduit on the Boston side. Citizens represent-
ing the property owners on the north side of Beacon Street
appeared as remonstrants to the proposition made by the
mayor.

On August 1, Frederic D. Fisk et als.y trustees of the Main
Street Land Trust, appeared and requested the Commission to
make a taking of their gravel bank in the vicinity of the new
Cambridge bridge.

Proposed Taking of Property for Approaches.

In order to construct satisfactory approaches to its temporary
bridge, and to properly connect the dam with the riv.er bank
on the Boston and Cambridge sides, the Commission finds it
necessary to make a taking of certain property on the Boston
side, claimed by Edward W. McGlenen et al.y and of certain
property on the Cambridge side, belonging to George O.
Proctor.

Issue of Bonds.

On the fifteenth day of December, the Conmiission voted to
advise the Treasurer of the Commonwealth to make available
funds to the amount of $250,000 for the year 1904. Bonds to
the amount named were issued under the title of *' The Charles
River Basin Loan," and sold by the Treasurer. Of this sum
the Commission expended, to and including Sept. 30, 1904,
$50,387.47.

Payments to the Sinking Fund.

Payments to the sinking fund on the Charles River Basin
Loan have been made to the amount of $11,307.54.

General Stateivient.

On July 25, William S. Youngman was appointed by the
Commission to serve as its secretary.

The following additions were made to the engineering
staff : —

EdwkrdC. Sti«Tmaii
Arthur W.TIdd, .
Loonnnl P. Wood, .
J, Albert Halmea, .
William C. PlckereKlll. ,
Wsltou H. Sean, .
Herbert W. Olmsled,
WalMr F. Monllon,
Mortoa F. Sanborn,
frederic C. H. Elchorn,
Elbelyn D. MarlsUe,
Albert J. HolmeB, .
Robert B. Barrett, .
Ralpb E. Hadler, .
Frank A. UcDonald,
Ednard h. Lincoln,
Alfred Wni. Treen,

Inspector Hnd offlcc

Clerk aad slenog-
DrHKeman,
Rodman. .

Bodman,

Clerk DDd measea^r.

ReelBoed Feb. 11, l»M.

Promolfd to Inelrumenc-

RCBl^DedSept.Si, II
Reglgoed 3et>t. 3U, I!

RCBlgned Sept. 20, 11)04.

The Commission engaged Gay Lowell, Esq., as landscape
architect and architect.

A field office ivaa established at 12 Bridge iStreet, East
Cambridge.

The lease of the Commission's offices at 367 Boylston Street
was renewed for two yeara.

Consultations were held with the following : —
With mayor and heads of sewer division of street deP*'^^^"*'
and of park department of Boston , concerning the Y*\t,vff\^*^ *^**^"
duit and the embankment.

With United States Army Engineers, concertos _ p**^'

of lock, temporary bridge, etc. ^<jV-'

With Boston & Maine Railroad officials an<^

..<>■'"

of shipping interests,
new railroad bridge,

f location of \

With Harbor and Land Commissioners, co^^,,^ ^^*^~Xj^
of bridges. ^ ^ %

A careful survey by soundings was made l::^^

Contracts were made with Gow & Palmer ■

10 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

A contract was made with Luther H. Shattuck for photo-
graphs.

All agreement was made with Spaulding Print Paper Com-
pany for blueprinting.

Fifteen hundred copies of the &st annual report of the Com-
mission were printed, 100 copies of which were bound in cloth,
at a total cost of $63.72.

Statement of Expenditures.

The total amount of expenditures for the year beginning
Oct. 1, 1903, and ending Sept. 30, 1904, is $49,954.46. The
total amount from July 29, 1903, the date of the organization
of the Commission, to Sept. 30, 1904, is $50,387.47.

The general character of these expenditures is as follows : —

For the Tear ending
8ept. 80, 1904.

From Beginning of Work
to 8«pt. 80, 1804.

Adminutration.
CommissionerB,
Secretarj, ....
Clerks and Btenographers, .
Trayelling, ....
Stationery and printing,
Postage, express and telegrams,
Famiture and flxtares, .
Alterations and repairs of bnilding
Telephone and lighting,

Rent,

Miscellaneons expenses,

Engineering,

Chief engineer and diyision en-
gineers,

Engineering assistants, .

Consnlting engineer,

Architect,

Trayelling, .

Wagon hire, .

Stationery and printing.

Postage, express and telegrams,

Instrnments and tools, .

Engineering and drafting supplies,

Books, maps and photographic
supplies,

Fnrnitnre and fixtures.

Alterations and repairs of bnild-
ing, — main office.

Telephone and lighting, — main
office,

Telephone, lighting, heating and
care of bnilding, — sub-office, .

Rent, — main office.

Rent of field office.

Unclassified supplies, .

Miscellaneous expenses.

Amoufvts carried forward.

$11,358 02
236 11
463 00
131 70
247 83
7 22
246 05
123 10

60 70
434 52

51 00

99,869 24

10,434 09

2,900 00

682 00

179 86

45 50

671 94

36 08

2,005 06

296 93

194 03
1,154 43

1,092 14

199 01

55 76

1,732 15

105 00

13 39

23 34

$13,359 25

31,589 95

$44,949 20

$11,368 02
236 11
478 00
131 70
252 93
8 22
258 25
123 10

60 70
434 52

51 00

99,869 24

10,494 09

2,900 00

582 00

189 86

50 00

679 57

40 28

2,092 81

296 93

200 03
1,373 91

1,092 14

199 01

55 76

1,732 16

105 00

13 64

23 34

$13,392 55

31,989 66

$45,382 21

; 1

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71.

For the Tear ending
Sept. ao, 1904.

From Beginning of Work,
to Sept. 80, 1904.

Amounts brought forward f

CorutructioHf — Preliminary,
Labor, ....
Trayelling, .
Water rates, .
Express,

Jobbing and repairing, .
Tools, naachinery, appliances and

hardware sapplies,
Castings,

Iron pipe and valves, .
Fnel, oil and waste,
Lumber,.

Cement, ....
Sand, ....
Unclassified sapplies, .
Miscellaneous expenses,

Totals,

$4,146 11

18 16

3 45

34 64

110 42

80 96

79 15

45 85

108 54

24 75

3 00

3 70

345 61

$44,949 20

5,005 26

$49,954 46

$4,146 11

18 16

3 45

34 64

110 42

80 96

79 15

45 85

108 54

24 75

00
70

345 61

$45,382 21

5,005 26

$50,387 47

The foregoing expenditures have been distributed among the
various objects or works, as follows : —

For the Year

From Beginning of

ending

Work to

(

Sept. 80, 1904.

Administration, applicable to all parts of the work,

$13,359 25

$13,892 55

jjam, .. .......

15,164 12

15,283 12

Lock, ....

• t

•

8,161 94

8,234 92

Drawbridge,

• • • 1

703 28

716 56

Highway, .

1 • *

60 92

Temporary bridge.

• i

984 84

Dredging in basin.

m •

514 29

521 29

Broad canal,

I • t

1,922 73

1,954 73

Lech mere canal, .

1 •

893 52

909 62

Boston marginal condnit.

» • •

7,481 02

7,587 02

Cambridge marginal condnit, .

708 55

741 90

Totals, .

t • •

■ a •

849,954 46

$50,387 47

The report of the chief engineer follows.
In Appendix A will be found chapter 465 of the Acts of
1903, indexed.

Respectfulh^ submitted,

Boston, Dec. 30, 1904.

HENRY S. PRITCHEl'^^
HENRY D. YERXA,
JOSHUA B. HOLDK.^
Charles Rivei^ Ba^ ^S^

^ .-. /''

v<i»^fl^-

12 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMmSSIOX. [Jm.

REPORT OF THE CHIEF EXGIXEER.

To the Charles River Diisin (Commission,

Gextlkmen : — The following is a report of the work of the
engineering department for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Organization.

Mr. John L. Howard continued as division engineer in charge
of field work ; and on November 2 Mr. Frank E. Winsor, who
had been previously engaged, reported for duty as division
engineer in charge of designing, drafting and other office work.

Mr. Frederic P. Steams continued as consulting engineer.

Mr. (iuy Lowell was consulted at intervals after July 1, iii
the study and design of features of the dam which especially
required ox{)ert judgment in architecture and in landscape
architecture.

The engineering force at the beginning of the year numbered
4, and was increased from time to time as the work required,
until on August 22 it reached a maximum of 21. The force
at the end of the year numbered 18.

The names of the assistants in the engineering department,
not mentioned above, who have been employed for not less
than one month, are given below, with the position last held,
together with an indication of the work performed by them : —

Assistant Engineers,

John N. Ferguson, . . . Hydraulic studies, estimates and miscel-
laneous office work.

Edward C. Sherman, . . Designs and studies for masonry and

steel work.

Arthur W. Tidd, • • . Designs and studies for masonry, esti-
mates, etc.

Leonard P. Woot>. - , Hydraulic studies and •tnictural details.

J- Albert Holmks. . . piejd work.

/f^'

•**>

iinistrative
oompiling

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a period
IS to con-
purchase
e offices;
from the

y fire led
tult, with

This vault
tted with
D provide
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t

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engineerin

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of field wc
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engineer ir

Mr. Fre

Mr. Gu^
the study i
required g
architectui

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4, and was
until on j?
at the end

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not menti<
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together w- -

John N. Ff

Edward C.

Arthur W.

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J. Albert '.

1
I

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 71.

Draftsmen, InstrumetUinen, etc.

William C. Pickbbsgill,
Jennie L. Rawson, .

Walton H. Sears, .
Hkrbert W. Olmsted,
Morton F. Sanborn,
Frederic C. H. Eichorn
Ethelyn B. Marlatte,
Albert J. Holmes, .
Robert £. Barrett,
Ralph E. Hadley, .
Frank A. McDonald,
Edward L. Lincoln,
Alfred Wm. Treen,

Draftsman.

Clerk and stenographer, — administrative

work, accounts, letters, and compiling

data.
Mechanical assistant.
Instrumentman.
Instrumentman.
Instrumentman.
Clerk and stenographer.
Draftsman.
Rodman.
Rodman.
Kodman.
Rodman.
Clerk and messenger.

General Statement.

As the previous report of this department covered a period
of less than a month, the first work of the new year was to con-
tinue the organization of the engineering force ; to purchase
furniture, instruments and office supplies ; to fit up the offices ;
and to make studies of the plans and data received firom the
committee on Charles River dam.

The danger of plans and records being destroyed by fire led
to the early design and construction of a fire-proof vault, with
fittings, in the basement of the Standish building. This vault
is independent of the remainder of the building, is fitted with
plan cases and book shelves,, and is of sufficient size to provide
for any plans, books or other records that may be used by the
Commission.

Permanent Elevation of Water in the Basin.

After careful consideration, it was decided that the perma-
nent elevation of the water in the basin should be established
at 8 feet above Boston city base, or 7.36 feet above mean low
water. This elevation will be used as a basis for dredging and
other work ; but as a rule, during the daily fluctuations at high
tide the water will be permitted to rise above grade 8. It is
possible, also, that the water will be allowed to rise two or
three tenths of a foot above that elevation in the latter part of

14 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

the spring, and at other times when the water is available, to
accumulate storage for dry periods.

The principal conditions which render a low grade desirable
are the effects on ground water elevations, the more effective
drainage of the marshes and other low lands along the river, the
lower overflow openings in the Boston and Cambridge marginal
conduits to take the sewer overflows in times of storm particu-
larly at high tide, the lower grade that will be required for new
bridges over the river, and the advantage in the probable future
elimination of the grade crossings of the Boston & Albany Rail-
road in Cambridge.

Dam and Look.

The construction of the dam forming, as it does, the most
important part of the work to be done by the Commission, a
somewhat detailed statement will be made of the various fea-
tures of the dam as it is being designed, and of the preliminary
work connected therewith.

Approval of War Department.

Section 2 of the act establishing the Commission provides
that '' The Commission, whenever the Commonwealth has been
authorized by the United States to build a dam and lock under
the provisions of this act, shall proceed to do the work herein
required of it, and shall in the meantime make examinations
and plans therefor."

Work was begun at once upon plans for the dam and lock,
to be submitted to the Secretary of War ; and two plans were
completed, dated Dec. 1, 1903, to be sent with the application
for a{)proval. Later, when borings had progressed sufficiently
so that the proposed location of the lock could be showTi, an
additional plan was made, to flle with an amended application.
This plan, with one of those accompanying the original appli-
cation, was forwarded with the amended application ; the latter
dated Dec. 1, 1903, and entitled ''Plan showing proposed
dredging for channels in Charles River and dredging in Broad
and Lechmere canals, in accordance with chapter 465 of the
Acts of the year 1903; " the former dated Jan. 5, 1904, and
entitled " Plan of preliminary location of lock and draw in pro-
posed dam to be constructed across Charles River, between

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 15

Boston and Cambridge, and of preliminary location of draw in
new bridge which may be constructed by Boston & Maine Eail-
road, in accordance with chapter 465, Acts of 1903." Both
plans were general in character, and showed only the outline
of the proposed work.

The approval of these plans by the Secretary of War, dated
May 18, 1904, contained the reservation : "That detailed plans
for the lock and dam, and of all channels to be dredged outside
established harbor lines, shall be submitted to the Secretary of
War, and that the work be not begun until such plans have
received his approval.''

Work on the detail plans was carried on as rapidly as it was
possible to determine the general features and design the various
details of construction. Two plans, dated Sept. 2, 1904, were
forwarded to the Secretary of War on September 6, with the
application for approval. One plan was entitled '* Plan of dam
and lock; " the other, *' Plan showing dredging to be done in
Charles River between harbor lines in connection with the con-
struction of the dam and lock."

Gi'ade of Dam,

The grade of the dam has been placed at about 21 feet above
Boston city base.

Studies were made of the relative advantages and disad-
vantages of a high and low grade dam. Considerable attention
was given to records of present and past traffic through the
draw of Craigie bridge, showing the number of vessels that
would and would not require the opening of the draw in a high-
grade dam, and to records of traffic over Craigie, Warren and
Charlestown bridges, to determine the effect of a high-grade
bridge upon teaming.

It was decided that the dam should be at a grade satisfactory
for heavy teaming, with approaches that would not make it nec-
essary to reduce the size of loads which could be transported
on the practically level streets in that vicinity ; and that the
amount of time lost by openings of the draw for tugs and
mastless vessels could be more than compensated for by in-
creasing the width of the highway over that at present existing,
particularly at the drawbridge.

IG CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

Park.

Studies and estimates of cost were niade for various types of
dams, from a structure little wider than needed for the highwaj'
to one having a park area of several acres. A design for a dam
with a park on the up-stream side of the highway lias been
adopted, which will involve little increased cost over the designs
for a narrow dam, as it will reduce materially the amount of
masonry in retaining walls on the basin side of the dam, b^^
lessening their height. It provides, in addition to the highway,
a park area of nearly 7 acres, which is about two-thirds the size
of the present Charlesbank. An estimate shows that the addi-
tional cost of the park will be about one-eighth of the value
of an equal amount of adjacent land in Boston, or about one-
fouith of the value of such land in Cambridge.

Highicay,

The highway over the dam is to be 85 feet wide, consisting of
two sidewalks each 10 feet wide and a 65-foot roadway, giving
ample width for a double street car track. This width of high-
way was determined after a study of traffic at this point com-
pared with that over other bridges throughout the city, and
of highways and bridges subject to heavy traffic in other large
cities.

Preliminary consideration was given to the questions of both
temporary and permanent pavement on the completed structure.

Shut'Off Dam.

The design of this structure and the study of various condi-
tions likely to arise during its construction were given much
attention. Several types of structures were considered, and
studies were made for protection from high velocities during

construction.

Lock,

All studies were at first made on the basis of the minimum
dimensions for the lock prescribed by the act (length 350 feet
between gates, width 40 feet, depth 13 feet below Boston base).
Desis:ns and studies for a lock of these dimensions were ad-
vanced toward completion when it was decided to enlarge the
dimensions of the lock by making it 5 feet wider and 3.4 feet

1 1

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 17

deeper than the minimum requirements of the act. This
change required additional work in designing and in analyzing
the pressures to determine the proper sections of the masonry.

It seemed desirable, on account of the large amount of team-
ing over the bridge, to have the lock entirely above the draw-
bridge, in order that travel might not be interrupted for the
length of time required to fill the lock and open the gates.

The time necessary to fill the lock when locking vessels was
carefully studied, and the filling gates and the method of
operating them designed so as not to cause unnecessary dis-
turbance during the passage of vessels. The question of time
necessary for vessels of various sizes to pass through the lock
was calculated for different elevations of the tide. Warping
machinery for facilitating the passage of vessels through the
lock was investigated in a preliminary manner.

The style of lock gates and method of filling required much
attention, and considerable information was obtained concerning
certain European l6ck gates, notably those at Bremerhaven,
Kiel, Bruges and D'0-Becse.

Ice gates for running ice through the dam were designed in
connection with the lock.

Preliminary consideration was given to the question of super-
structures over the lock gate recesses, and the piers at the ends
of the lock in the basin and harbor were located, and studies
made of method of construction. Studies were made of methods
by which the ends of the lock can be bulkheaded and the lock
pumped out, should it become necessary, and proper means
designed.

In connection with studies for the lock, an inspection was
made of the construction and method of operation of the Wel-
land canal.

Sluices.

The first problem in connection with the sluices was to
determine the area of sluice necessary, and the economic ele-
vation of the bottom. It was found that the flow of the river
for the greatest flood of at least seventy-five years occurred in
February, 1886 ; careful studies were made of the records of
that time, and an estimate was made of the upland flow at
Cmigie bridge after the completion of the basin, during a flood
of the same magnitude.

18 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

While the probability of a maximam flood occurring in con-
junction with a succession of high spring tides is not great,
sufficient sluice area has been provided to take care of a flood
some 10 per cent, greater than the flood of 1886, in conjunc-
tion with continuous spring tides of a height which is exceeded
but eight times in an average year. In this case there would
be a rise of the water in the basin of 3 feet above the normal,
and with the same rise in the basin the quantity of water that
can be passed would be about 21 per cent, more than the flood
of 1886 against normal tides, and about *65 per cent, more than
the flood of 1886 against neap tides. Floods greater than this
would not endanger the structure at the dam.

It was considered desirable to provide for the passage of
small pleasure boats and similar crafb through the dam without
recourse to the lock, and the central sluice has been so designed
as to enable it to be used for that purpose.

Preliminary designs were made of sluice gates, tide gates,
and for the central sluice to be used as a slnall lock.

Coffer-da7n8.

Much time and study was given to the design of coffer-dams,
within which the lock and sluices are to be built. Test pits
were dug in land of George O. Proctor on the south side of
Bridge Street, and in land of the Boston & Maine Railroad on
the north side of Bridge Street, to determine the class of mate-
rial into which the ends of the coffer-dam around the sluices

would penetrate.

Power,

The question of providing power for operating the lock,
sluices and di-awbridge was investigated. Dependence on
water power is rendered very uncertain by the dry-weather
flow of the river, the small fall at the dam, and the fact that
this fall varies with the elevation of the tide. The expense of
installation and operation, also, would be so great as to make
any such development inadvisable. The fact that the amount
of power required will be very changeable, being probably
greatest in the summer, when the draw and lock will be used
most, and varying during the day from nothing to a maximum,
renders uneconomical eLny plan for developing power by steam.
Studies and investigations along these lines led to the conclu-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 19

sion that it woald be cheaper and more satisfactory to parchase
power from one of the electric companies.

As the act provides that the lock shall be kept sufficiently
free from ice to permit navigation at all times, preliminary
studies were made for a heating plant, to prevent the formation
of ice on the large lock gates, to provide heat for the gate-
houses and other structures, and for insuring the operation of
the sluice gates.

Electric Conduits.

Craigie bridge is crossed at present by the wires of three cor-
porations. In the new structure it was considered desirable to
place these wires in permanent conduits, and also to provide
for the possible need of increased facilities in the future. The
conduits decided upon in crossing under the lock and over the
sluices, at which points they form a part of the masonry con-
struction, are being incorporated into the contract plans for the
dam and lock.

Material for JEmbankments at Dam.

Twenty-three borings, having a total depth of 582.2 feet,
were made between July 30 and Sept. 19, 1904, in the basin,
between the West Boston bridge and Harvard bridge, to ascer-
tain the amount of selected material that can be obtained by
dredging for use in the embankments at the dam.

Estimates were made of the probability of being able to
obtain a part of the filling required to build the dam from vari-
ous building operations in Boston and Cambridge, where ex-
cavated material would have to be wasted. The possibility of
using ashes for filling at the dam was also considered.

Boi'ings.

The borings begun at the site of the dam and lock during the
previous year were continued until Jan. 16, 1904, 42 borings
being made ; between March 21 and April 2, 1904, 7 additional
borings were made ; and after the location of the upper retain-
ing wall and other features of the dam had been substantially
decided upon, 13 ia^^^H||Mfl^fl^^^Bie, between Aug. 9
and Sept. 2, 1904j^^^^^^^|^^^^^^^ber of borings for
the year 62, having ^^^^^^^^^^^^^H feet. This, added

20 CHAELES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

to the boring made the previous year, having a depth of 56.8
feet, makes a total of 63 borings made at the site of the dam
and lock, with a total depth of 2,519.6 feet.

Test Piles.

Arrangements were made with the firm of Holbrook, Cabot
& Rollins, of Boston, for driving a number of test piles at the
site of the dam, to determine the penetration required for foun-
dation piles. A study was made of the data furnished, which
has to a considerable extent formed the basis of the engineer's
estimate of foundation piles required, in the contract for the
dam and lock.

Soundings.

The work of taking soundings was begun September 23. It
was decided that soundings 25 feet apart would be sufficiently
close to give accurate results when figuring quantities of em-
bankments, and to enable a close watch to be kept, after the
beginning of construction of the shut-off dam, to detect any
washing or scouring by the increased velocity of the current,
due to the decrease in sectional area.

The area to include the dam and lock was covered by a sys-
tem of rectangular co-ordinates, having its origin in a line paral-
lel with and 500 feet easterly from the centre line of the proposed
lock, and in a line parallel with and 500 feet northerly from the
centre of the railing on the northerly side of the roadway of
the proposed dam.

A raft, 103 feet long by 3 feet wide, was built, with one side
marked every 5 feet from 0 to 100, and the other side, beginning
at the same end, marked from 100 to 0. The raft was provided
with mooring rings, cleats and six 30-pound anchors. Two
pairs of anchors were connected with each other by about 500
feet of light wire rope, and to each of the other anchors was
fastened about 500 feet of light Manila rope. One pair of
anchors was placed at one end of the raft, with one anchor on
each side of the raft and about 200 feet away from it, and a
turn was taken around a cleat at the end of the raft with the
wire rope connecting the two anchors ; the other pair of anchors
was fastened in a similar manner at the opposite end of the
raft. One of the anchors, with the 500 feet of Manila rope.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 21

was dropped up stream, and the other anchor was dropped down
stream, from each end of the raft.

Banges were erected on Craigie bridge, on the Boston &
Maine Baikoad freight bridge and on the Boston and Cam-
bridge shores of the basin. The raft then being placed approxi-
mately pai'allel with the current, one side of it was brought
into line with the ranges on Craigie bridge and on the freight
bridge, and the point marked 0 on the raft was brought into
line with the ranges on the Boston or Cambridge shore, at right
angles with the side of the raft. Soundings were then taken
along the side of the raft at the 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 foot
points. Upon completion of these soundings, by pulling on
the wire ropes connecting with each pair of anchors at the ends
of the raft, and slacking or hauling on the bow and stem lines,
the raft was moved 25 feet across the current, the side brought
into line with the next set of ranges with the 0 mark on line
with the range at right angles to the raft, and another set of
soundings taken.

Three sounding rods were used, 15 feet, 26 feet and 36 feet
long, respectively. The 15-foot rod was made of pine, dressed
to 1| inches thick, tapered from a width of 3 inches at the base
to 1| inches at the top, graduated into tenths, and was used in
the shallow portions of the river without a weight. The other
two rods were made of cypress, circular in shape, tapering from
a diameter of 3 inches at the base to 1| inches at the top, and
graduated at each -f^^^^ of a foot. At the bottom of these two
rods an iron casting was used to overcome the buoyancy. This
casting, which was made of a cylinder 3 inches inside diameter
and 8 inches high, on top of a plate 1 inch thick and 8 inches
in diameter, with six |-inch holes bored through it, was fitted
over the end of the rod, and bolted through it with a |-inoh
bolt. The casting weighed 21 pounds. Six cast-iron rings,
^ inch thick and 3 inches in diameter, were also made to be
slipped over the end of the rod, so that the weight could be
increased when used in deeper water. A ring was fastened t^^v
the casting, and, by means of a rope passed through the rii^,^^
assistance was given to the man taking soundings, by pulV\^*^
on this rope when moving the rod against the cuiTent. "^^^^^
rod was not removed from the water while taking one set ^^

22 CHARLES RIVER BASIN (X)MMISSION. [Jan.

soundings the length of the raft. As stated above, the taking
of soundings was commenced but a short time before the end
of the year covered by this report, and the area covered by
soundings was 2^ acres.

First Contract.

It was considered advisable, almost from the beginning, to
include the main portion of the work of constructing the dam
and lock in one contract; and plans were laid out with the
view of beginning construction at the earliest possible date.
As the work involved the design of most of the features of the
lock and lock gates, sluices, outlets of marginal conduits, and
highway, with arrangements for dredging in the canals and
basin, it became necessary to determine all these features with
a &ir degree of accuracy prior to drawing the contract plans.

The plans for this contract were first drawn on the basis of a
lock of the minimum dimensions required by the act. When
it was concluded to change the dimensions of the lock, it was
necessary to modify the designs to such an extent as to very
largely destroy the usefulness of the previous drawings.

A set of 19 sheets, 26 inches by 40 inches, whiclfare to be
lithographed to half size, was nearly completed at the close of
the year. They cover the principal work necessary to build
the dam and lock, and to do the dredging required by the act,
in the basin and in the Broad and Lechmere canals.

The contract will not include various appurtenances, such as

lock gates, sluice gates, tide gates, power plant, heating plant,

drawbridge, loam and gravel for surfacing the park area, street

surfacing, fencing, miscellaneous iron and other metal work,

warping machinery, and outlets for marginal conduits, which

will be contracted for and installed as the progress of the main

contract permits.

Drawbridge.

Studies which have been made for the draw over the lock
indicate that some form of bascule or rolling lift bridge will
best satisfy the conditions at this point. The foundation,
which forms a continuation of the side wall of the lock, has
been designed for a bridge of this kind, and can be modified
as desired when the final type of structure is adopted. The
width of the drawbridge is to be 85 feet.

reg
of
the
Cn

tak.

teiii
A

24 CHARLES RIVER BASIX COMMISSION. [Jan.

bridge of the Boston & Maine Railroad, to determine the con-
dition of timbers with reference to the use of the bridge as a
temporary highway bridge. It seemed best to utilize this
bridge for the main portion of the temporary highway bridge,
as soon as the railroad should have built its new bridge. A
new draw and a new bridge east of the draw will be required.
This method furnishes a satisfactory and economical solution
of the problem, and will take all street traffic out of the way
of the contractor for the dam and lock.

Five borings, having a total depth of 178.5 feet, were made
at the site of the new work, between Aug. 12 and Aug. 24,
1904.

A plan, dated Aug. 11, 1904, was prepared,^to be forwarded
with the application to the Secretary of War for approval of
the use of this bridge, entitled "Plan showing temporary
highway bridge, to be built mainly on present Boston & Maine
Railroad bridge over Charles River between harbor lines, for
use during construction of dam and lock."

Boston Marginal Conduit.

The first studies necessary were for the purpose of deter-
mining the size of the conduit and the elevation of the invert.
These were dependent upon many conditions which had not
been determined, such as the future separation of sewage from
storm water ; the ability of the increased pumping plant of the
city of Boston and of the new pumping plant of the high-level
metropolitan system to reduce future overflows into the basin ;
the effect of street wash alone (in the event of the entire
separation of sewage from storm water) on the water of the
basin ; and the ability of the fresh water in the basin to take
more organic pollution, without serious sanitary objection,
than the present salt water.

Many calculations were made of the capacity of conduits of
various sizes laid at or below Boston city base, and the cost
estimated.

The run-off of Stony Brook was studied, particularly for the
months of June, July, August and September, during which
time the use of the basin as a water park would be greatest.
Accurate gagings made in 1897 of the flow from about .8 of
the area tributary to the marginal conduit above the dam were

•''- « •

'^:.

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 25

used as a basis for determining the future flow at the dam, and
a comparison of the rainfall of that year with the normal rain-
fell made it possible to obtain a very fair idea of the run-ofi" to
be expected during an average season. The records of the
automatic rain gage at Chestnut Hill were valuable in giving
the relation between showers in 1897 and those of an average
year, and in determining the conditions under which such
showers might overflow from conduits of various capacities
into the basin.

Data were obtained regarding the elevations, sizes and
watersheds of the various sewers, in both Boston and Cam-
bridge, discharging through overflows into the Charles River ;
and many inspections were made, after storms, of the character
of the discharge.

The question of the amount of pollution from the sewer
overflows on the Boston side of the river is one upon which
there has been considerable difference of opinion. Most of the
estimates of quantities discharged by sewer ovei-flows have
been based upon records of the clock gage on the Binney
Street regulator, maintained by the city of Cambridge, and of
the recording gage of the metropolitan sewer in Huntington
Avenue, near Gainsborough Street. In order to obtain addi-
tional data, recording gages were placed in the manhole of the
7-foot sewer of the town of Brookline, at the junction of St.
Mary's Street and Commonwealth Avenue ; and in the man-
hole of the sewer of the city of Boston, at the junction of
Hereford and Beacon streets, as these two overflows were
believed to discharge the largest quantities. Gages were also
connected with the tide gates at both St. Mary's and Hereford
streets, for the purpose of obtaining the length of time that
the discharge is taking place. The gages at Hereford Street
were started on February 24, and those at St. Mary's Street on
March 3, all of which have since been operated continuously.
After they had been in operation two months, gages were
placed on the remainder of the most active overflows on the
Boston side of the river, between Hereford Street and Craigie
bridge ; and soon after May 1, recording gages were in opera-
tion at the overflows in Beacon Street, at Fairfield, Dartmouth,
Berkeley and Beaver streets, and at the junction of Brimuxot
and Back streets. While the sewage overflow at some poit\\^«

26 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

was considerable, it is expected that it will be very materially
redaced bythe completion of the metropolitan high-level sewer
and the operation of the pumps at Ward Street, with the addi-
tional pump which is being installed at the Boston main
drainage piunping station.

Designs were made, and incorporated in the contract draw-
ings for the dam and lock, of the portion of the maiginal con-
duit that comes inside the embankment of the dam. These
include designs of the outlet chamber and tide gates, with pro-
vision for discharging the ordinary storms through two lines
of 60-inch cast-iron pipe leading to deep water below the dam ;
and designs of connections with the ba^in, making possible the
use of this portion of the conduit for the purpose of discharging
the flood flows from the river.

Some preliminary consideration was given to the question of
connecting with the marginal conduit the overflow sewers lead-
ing into the basin between the dam and the Fens, to the design
of a gate-house at the Fens, and to investigations of the method
and cost of providing circulation in the Fens.

A plan was made showing the proposed location for the con-
duit in the Charlesbank between Cambridge and Leverett
streets.

A survey was made to locate the trees in the Charlesbank in
the vicinity of the proposed location of the marginal conduit.
Each tree 4 inches or more in diameter was located by means
of an angle and stadia distance, and the approximate spread of
the branches determined. A plan was made showing the out-
lines of the shrubbery, and the location, kind, size and spread
of every tree, with the location of the old sea walls.

The location of the old shore line and the outlines of the old
sea walls, piers and docks within the limits of the Charlesbank
were obtained from plans in the oflSce of the survey division of
the city of Boston, one dated 1854, and one showing the suc-
cessive shore lines since 1795.

Cambridge Marginal Conduit.

This conduit has been designed from a point on the southerly
side of Lechmere canal to its outlet below the dam. It is
expected that the conduit will be built through the East Cam-

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — Xo. 71. 27

bridge embankment to a point near the intersection of the
Lechmere canal and the harbor hne, from which point it will be
a submerged 60-inch cast-iron pipe, at an elevation sufficiently
low to provide for navigation, connecting with the masonry of
the sluices at the basin side of the dam. It will extend through
the dam as a masonry conduit, connecting at its lower end
with the Bridge Street sewer, and having overflow outlets into
the most westerly of the sluices. The ordinary flows in this
conduit will unite at its lower end with the ordinary flows from
the Bridge Street sewer, and will discharge through a single
line of submerged 60-inch pipe, extending into deep water on
the north side of the dam. When the combined flow of the
marginal conduit and the Bridge Street sewer is in excess of
the capacity of the 60-inch outfall pipe, the excess will discharge
through the outlets previously mentioned into the most westerly
sluice.

Dredging in the Basin and in the Broad and Lechmere

Canals.

The Commission is required, by section 4 of chapter 465 of
the Acts of 1903, to dredge navigable channels in the basin,
and to deepen the Broad and Lechmere canals by dredging.
The work as planned will be somewhat in excess of the mini-
mum requirements of the act, as all material in the basin is to
be dredged to elevation — 10, Boston city base, and in front of
the lock the material is to be dredged to elevation — 13, Boston
city base. This will permit vessels drawing nearly 21 feet of
^ater to enter the basin.

Fifty-nine borings were made in the basin and in the canals,
to determine the character of the material to be removed. The
borings had an aggregate depth of 1,255 feet, and were made
between April 5 and May 6, 1904.

Descriptions were written and plans made showing the front-
age of the different property owners along the basin and on the
canals, for the purpose of securing releases from the abutters to
the Commonwealth of any damage that might be done by dredg-
ing to the required depth, after having driven prime oak piles
2 feet on centres, as provided in the act.

In connection with the location of ranges for soundings across

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71.

occurred in the latter part of April, amounting to over 5 inches
in fifty hours, which, coming after the melting of an unusual
amount of snow and ice, gave opportunities for the measure-
ment of a large spring freshet in the river. The rainfall for
June, July and August was less than usual, as shown by the
following record : —

Chestnut

mil
(Inches).

United states

Weather

Burean, Boston

(Inches).

367 Boylston

street

(Inches).

June

Jiily.

August, ....
Total for three months,

2.75

1.48
2.74

6.97

2.06
1.28
2.19

5.4i

2.20
1.27
2.29

5.(>G

The rain gage at 367 Boylston Street is located on the roof
of the Standish building, about 80 feet above the street ; and,
as will be seen from the above tabulation, its records agree
much better with the records of the Weather Bureau than with
those at Chestnut Hill.

The years with less rainfall than above for three consecutive
months since 1881, as taken from the Chestnut Hill records,
are given below : —

ISSS.

Inches.

1SS8.

Inches.

18S4.

Inches.

June,

1.41

July,

2.41

September, .

.42

July,

2.«9

August,.

.28

October,

3.41

August, .

1.28

September, .

Total for three
months.

1.81

November, .

Totalfor three
monthi»,

3.02

Total for three
months,

5.58

4.00

6.85

ISM.

June,
July,
August, .

Total for three
months,

Inchea.

.20
8.88
2.27

5.80

1S»6.

April,

May,

June,

Total for three
months.

Inches.

1.72
1.85
2.96

6.65

18»9.

April.

May,

June,

Inches.

Total for three
months.

1905.]

PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71.

Table No. 2. — Estimated Weekly Average Flow of Charles River
at WaUham for the Tear ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Week emdiwg—

•

Cubic Feet

per

Second.

Cubic Feet

per

Second per

Square

Mile.

Week ending—

Cubic Feet

per

Second.

Cubic Feet

per
Second per

Square

MUe.

1963.

Oct. 10, .

• M

1964.

April 9, .

688

3.62

17, . . .

.68

16, .

676

3.18

24, . . .

141

.90

28, .

602

2.78

31, . . .

.88

30, .

684

3.22

Nov. 7, .

.15

May 7, .

1,287

7.00

14, . . .

.41

14, . .

430

2.88

21, . . .

.15

21. . .

286

1.68

28. . . .

.81

28, .

226

1.25

Dec. 5, .

.15

June 4, .

196

1.24

12. . . .

.11

11. .

178

1.18

19, . .

.62

18. .

.52

26, . . .

111

.71

26. .

.48

1904.

Jan. 2, .

109

.70

July 2. .
9. .

49
83

.81
.21

9, . . .

.15

16. .

.42

'16, .

.80

23. .

118

.67

23. . . .

.46

80. .

.88

30. .

.66

Aug. 6. .

.34

Feb. 6, . . .

.54

13, .

.34

13, . . .

.66

20, .

.27

20, . . .

.66

27. .

.22

27, . . .

158

1.00

Sept. 3, .

.18

March 5, .

289

1.32

10, .

.17

12, . . .

fidO

3.04

17, .

.64

19, .

666

3.62

24, .

232

1.87

26, . . .

666

8.67

Oct. 1. .

119

.70

Aprtl 2, . . .

789

4.86

On© hundred and flfty. seven square mUes of watershed area from Oct. 10, 1903. to
* eb. 27. 1904, and Crom June 4 to July 9, 1904, inclusive.

One hundred and elghty^ne square mUes of watershed area from Mareh 6. 1904. to
May 28, 1904, inclusive. ' *^

One hundred and sixty-nine square miles of watershed area from July 16. 1904. to
<^>ct. 1, 1904, inclusive. ' ' ' *"

32 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

Table No. 3. — Number of Daya from, October, 1903, to Septem-
ber, 1904, indnsioe, when Estimated Flow of Charles Biver at
Craigie Bridge was More than 500 Cubic Feel jfer Second for
Twenty-four Hours, from. Records kept by Boston Manufactur-
ing Company at Moody Street, and by the Charles River Basin
Commission at " The Bleachery," Waitham.

MOHTH.

I
II

iil

■ •M

October. . . .

1.87

LSI

NoTHiibar, . . .

l.M

4.oa

S.01

S.H>

■M4

J«on»rT,

s.et

4. IS

Fobriuiry. . . .

i.BO

4.sa

Muvh

a.ss

4.8B

Aprt

3.B

M«y

3.1S

S.S-

June

a.?6

3.10

JdIj-

i.ts

3.73

AuguM, . . .

J. 74

4.08

n.7B

3.«

ToUI., . . .

43.M

46.34

Tablk No. 4. — Time duri'nt; which a Normcd Tide will be above
the Water in the Basin, and Rise of Basin during that Interval
for Various R-ites of Upland Flow.

nftleofUp.
< Cubic FViet

be above BibTd.

BIwot
(Feet).

(Cubic feet

'SJS

arbor wlJl
ve Baaln.

RlKOf

(Feet].

500

Hours. Minutes.
S 43

.»

8,a»

„.;„.

Mlnalm.

1.M

1,000

3 4S

.30

4.000

l.»8

1JM»

3 36

.53

5,000

1.51

J,«W

3 30

.7!

6,000

4»

1.71

1.500

8 S6

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 33

Measurements of Maxhnum Flow in Charles Jiiver.

Preparations for measuring the maximum flow in the river
during the spring of 1904 were made by setting gage boards on
the up-stream and down-stream faces of the Ames Street bridge
6ver the Charles River and of the Centre Street bridge over
Mother Brook in Dedham ; and by setting a gage board above
the Moody Street bridge, with one at the outlet of the tail-race
from the plant of the Boston Manufacturing Company at
Waltham. A Fteley & Steams cun-ent meter was also obtained
and rated by the hydrographic branch of the United States
geological survey. Soundings were made through the ice to
obtain a cross-section of the bed of the river at the Ames Street
bridge, and of the bed of Mother Brook at the Centre Street
bridge.

From 9 a.m. on April 27 to 11 a.m. on April 29, over 5 inches
of rain fell, varying from 5.17 inches at the Weather Bureau to
5.20 inches at Chestnut Hill and 5.57 inches at the Cambridge
City Hall, This i-ainfall has been exceeded in amount, for
the same or a sliorter period of time, only twice since Jan . 1 ,
1882.

Current meter measurements were taken of the flow of
the Charles River at Ames Street, of Mother Brook at Centre
Street, of Long Ditch at Needham Street, and of Wigwam
Brook at Washington Street. These measurements showed a
maximum flow of about 2,130 cubic feet per second on May 2
in the Charles River above Mother Brook, or at the rate of
10.8 cubic feet per second per square mile of watershed. At
the same time the amount flowing in Mother Brook was found
to be about 558 cubic feet per second, which is about 2(>.2 per
cent, of the total flow of the river at that point.

At the Waltham dam the measurement showed a flow of

1,363 cubic feet per second per twenty-foiu* hours on May 3.

■During the same time the water above the Waltham dam rose

at the rate of .4 foot in twenty-four hours. This rate of increase

in the storage between Waltham and Newton Lower Falls is

egua/ to a flow of about 93 cubic feet per second, which, added

^o J,363, niakes J,45G cubic feet per second, the yield of the

river at "Waltham, or about 8 cubic feet per second per square

34 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jan.

mile of watershed. Assuming that the run-off from the water-
shed between Waltham and Craigie bridge was at the same rate,
would give a flow at Craigie bridge of about 1,912 cubic feet
per second. The maximum flow at "Waltham, however, appears
to have been on May 2 when the party was occupied in meas-
uring the flow at Dedham ; and the estimated flow at Craigie
bridge, using the records of the Boston Manufacturing Company
for May 2, would have given a flow of a trifle over 2,000 cubic
feet per second at Craigie bridge as the run-off on .that day.

Diagram No. 1 shows the estimated daily avemge spring flow
of the Charles River at Moody Street, Waltham, and the amount
of rainfall at Chestnut Hill for the spring months. It is inter-
esting to note that the crest of the flood caused by the large
rainfall of April 27 and 28 did not reach Waltham until May 2.

Measurements of Minimum Flow in Charles River.

Examinations were made of the dams across the river at
Watertown, Bemis, Waltham Bleachery and the Boston Manu-
facturing Company, to determine which location presented the
most favorable conditions for more accurately measuring the
dry-weather flow of the river. The dam of the Waltham
Bleachery and Dye Works was selected as the best place, and
a recording gage to show the depth of water flowing over the
crest was put in operation at that place on July 8. No water
is used at this point for developing power, but water is taken
from a canal about 11 feet wide, for washing j^urposes. The
flow is quite uniform, however, and measurements were taken
with a current meter to determine the average amount flowing
through the canal. The dam is about 189 feet long. It has a
stone crest about 16 inches high, with a 5-inch timber on top,
and on top of that a 4-inch timber, making the fall about 2.1
feet. The up-stream side is a gradual slope of about 2 to 1,
and the fall is over a sharp-cornered crest, 4 inches wide.

As the flow of the stream diminished during the siunmer, it
was decided to contract the length of the overflow, in order to
obtain a more accurate measurement of the minimum flow.
Flash-boards about 10 inches high were put on, leaving a
space 30 feet wide near the centre of the stream. This portion
of the crest was carefully levelled with an engineer's level, and

jjntesrlD to llo'^niDR

(t->1s>W not»lo<joi+5M moil

w>\

I i ^-^c^v

^^\

t -- —

t l:::l

■K

<>i V. S\ I

i\ TV 5gwiot2 -i6) hdt!>9^^oo toU

/-^ .. .

^ -^

err vWsavV

n nuD

— T *y\iv.r\

' f

i f

' I

- - • • * *

- i I

t — *-

^CiV^i<i\

(^•r i*^ 7

. i — . -

:? l* '^ '^ ^ Vs '*' v"

»r -^I

irtM

iQ ^ruaes^q sponnoT vlHtno'i

-^ Oai(iO\

OOs^OQ

lOOOQ

'0^"j ^v

-H 000 M^

- — ^ ^^^SS

00«\

CiC^.Cj\

•J

P
o

-1

■«<*i

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT— No. 71. 35

elevations taken 2 feet apart showed no variation of more than
.005 foot in the length of the weir. The edge of the crest was
sharp, and air had free access behind the falling sheet of water.

The minimum flow was observed on September 10 and 11,
when the depth of water over the sharp-crested weir, 30 feet
long, was .15 foot. This equals a discharge of about 5.8 cubic
feet per second, and, added to 20 cubic feet per second (the
amount flowing in the canal for washing purposes, as determined
by current meter measurements the same days) , gives a mini-
mum flow of about 26 cubic feet per second ; which, on a water-
shed of 169 square miles, is equal to a yield of about .15 cubic
foot per second per square mile.

Diagram No. 2 shows the estimated daily average dry
weather flow of the Charles River at the Waltham Bleachery,
and the rainfall at Chestnut Hill for the same period.

Traffic through Draw of Craigie Bridge.

A record was kept of the traffic through the draw of Craigie
bridge, giving the tonnage, draft and time of passage of ves-
sels of diflferent kinds. The time actually consumed by some
of the typical coal barges in passing the draw was carefully
observed, and the i-ate of starting and stopping determined.
Records were also obtained from the street department of the
city of Boston, showing the number of draw openings per year
at Craigie bridge from 1871 to 1902, and the number of ves-
sels passing from 1885 to 1902.

The results of the records obtained are shown bv the follow-
ing diagrams : —

Diagram No. 3 shows the weekly total of cargoes, in tons,
passing Craigie bridge for the year ending Sept. 30, 1904.

Diagram No. 4 shows the monthly total of cargoes, in tons,
passing Craigie bridge since Sept. 30, 1899. This diagram
indicates a quite regular decrease in the amount of tonnage for
the last five years, with the exception of the year 1900-1901,
when the construction of the foundation for the piers of the
new Cambridge bridge caused a large increase in the traffic at
Craigie bridge.

Diagram No. 5 sho^ws the yearly number of vessels passing
Craigie bridge since fci^pt. 30, 1885, and the number of times

36 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COMMISSION. [Jao.

the draw was opened per year since Sept. 30, 1871, the only
complete years covered by existing records.

Ice formed in the river in the latter part of December, remain-
ing there until after the first of March. TrafBc through the
draws was absolutely closed, on account of ice, from January 3
to January 7. The draw of Ci-aigie bridge was opened in Febru-
ary only 42 times and in January 82 times, a total of 124 open-
ings in two months, — the smallest number of openings for two
consecutive months in the last ten years.

Miscellaneous Engineering Work.

The following is a brief statement of engineering work per-
formed, in addition to that mentioned in connection with the
above subjects : —

Surveys were made of Craigie bridge and vicinity, of the
Boston & Maine Railroad freight bridge and approaches to
same, and of the Broad and Lechmere .canals. Bench levels
were run on the Boston side of the river from Craigie bridge
to the Fens, and on the Cambridge side from Craigie bridge
to the new Cambridge bridge and around the ends of the Broad
and Lechmere canals.

A testing station for tapes was laid out on the Charlesbank
wall with a 100-foot tape that had been verified by the Bureau
of Standards at Washington, D. C. Base lines were measured
along the Charlesbank wall and along the wall of * ' The Front "
on the Cambridge shore, and the distances between the trian-
gulation points used by J. K. Freeman, chief engineer of the
conmiittee on the Charles River dam, were carefully calcul9.ted.

Although the angles of the triangulation system used by Mr.
Freeman in his survey of the basin had been adjusted by the
engineering force under his direction, it seemed advisable to
have the location of the triangulation points used by him estab-
lished on a system of rectangular coordinates referred to the
true north line through the centre of the State House as a basis,
which is the system adopted by the Boston Board of Survey and
the Metropolitan Park Commission in their work. A survey
had been made for the Boston water department of the street
lines adjacent to the Charles Kiver between Leverett Street and

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 71. 37

Beacon Street, and coordinates referred to lines 50,000 feet
south and east of the State House determined for the different
points used in this survey. These points were connected with
the triangulation points in the lower basin used by the party
under Mr. Freeman, and the coordinates of the points called
" Coleman," *' Granite," '' Charlesbank" and '* Circular Land-
ing '' were determined. The work was done in December, with
considerable variation of temperature. In making the con-
nection between the survey points of the Boston water depart-
ment in Charles Street and the triangulation points on the
Charlesbank wall, the angles were repeated three times and
afterwards adjusted. A Buff & Berger transit was used, read-
ing to 30 seconds. In the triangulation across the basin three
Buff & Berger instruments were operated simultaneously;
angles were repeated twelve times, six direct and six reverse.
Readings from both verniers were recorded, and a mean taken.
A traverse was carried across the river, using Craigie bridge
and the Boston & Maine Railroad freight bridge, and a con-
nection made with the triangulation point called "Granite"
on the Cambridge side of the river.

New detail topographic plans, on a scale of 40 feet to the
inch, were made of the area from the Boston & Maine Railroad
freight bridge to the new Cambridge bridge, including the
Broad and Lechmere canals. All plan work of this character
was reduced to a system of rectangular coordinates referred to
the State House.

A topographic map of the drainage area above Craigie bridge
wa4> prepared, showing the limits of the watershed and the
various diversions for water supply and other purposes. A
capacity diagram of the proposed basin was made, for use in
the various hydraulic computations connected with the flood
discharge through the dam.
A large perspective view of the proposed basin was made,

shelving the dam and lock in the foreground.
The total number of finished plans prepared was 60, besides

many diagrams and designs.
Tide records were looked up, and tabulations of spring and

neap tides were prepared from the records of the metropolitan

38 CHARLES RIVER BASIN COM'N. [Jan. 1905.

sewerage works and from tables of predicted tides. A record-
ing tide gage was established in the house of the drawtender
at Craigie bridge on January 30, and since that date a record
of the rise and fall of the tides has been kept on file in the office
of the Commission.

Fifty-five photographs were taken by Mr. Luther H. Shat-
tuck, under contract dated March 26, 1904.

Respectfully submitted,

HIRAM A. MILLER,

Chief Engineer.
Boston, Dec. 20, 1904.

Appendix A,

[Chapter 465 of the Acts of the Year 1903.]

An Act to authorize the Construction op a
Dam across the Charles River between the
Cities of Boston and Cambridge.

Be it enacted, etc., as follows:

Section 1. The governor of the Commonwealth, chariea river
with the advice and consent of the council, shall ap- commiBsion,

. . . ^ - 1 1 appointment,

point three commissioners, residents of the metropol- term, etc.
itan parks district, who shall constitute the Charles
river basin commission, hereinafter called the commis-
sion, and who shall be sworn before entering upon the
duties of their office. One commissioner shall be des-
ignated by the governor as chairman, and two commis-
sioners shall constitute a quorum. The term of office
shall be three years, and all vacancies shall be filled by
the governor, with the advice and consent of the coun-
cil. Any commissioner may be removed by the gov-
ernor, with the advice and consent of the council, for
such cause as he shall deem sufficient and shall assign
in the order of removal. Each commissioner shall re- compenBatton.
ceive an annual salary of such amount as the governor
and council shall determine.

Section 2. The commission may appoint a secre- powers and
tary, engineers and assistants, shall keep accurate ac- " ^*
counts of its expenditures, and shall make an annual
report of its doings, including an abstract of its ac-
counts, to the governor and council. The commission,
whenever the Commonwealth has been authorized by
the United States to build a dam and lock under the
provisions of this act, shall proceed to do the work
herein required of it, and shall in the meantime make
examinations and plans therefor.

Sections. Xlie commission shall construct across i>amtobe
Charles river, between the cities of Boston and Cam- SSSJSTchfnea

river, etc-

40 APPENDIX A.

bridge, a dam, at least suflSeiently high to hold back
all tides and to maintain in the basin above the dam a
substantially permanent water level not less than eight
feet above Boston base. The dam shall occupy substan-
tially the site of the present Craigie bridge, which shall
be removed by the commission. The dam shall be not
less than one hundred feet in width at said water level,
and a part thereof shall be a highway and the remainder
shall be a highway, or a park or parkway, as the com-
mission shall determine. The dam shall be furnished
with a lock not less than three hundred and fifty feet
in length between the gates, forty feet in width and
thirteen feet in depth below Boston base, and shall be
built with a suitable drawbridge or drawbridges, waste-
ways and other appliances. The part of the dam used
as a highway shall be maintained and operated in the
same manner as the Cambridge bridge, and under the
laws now or hereafter in force relating to said bridge,
rhanneu to be SECTION 4. The commission shall dredge navigable
dredged. channels in the basin from the lock to the wharves

between the dam and Cambridge bridge, to Broad
canal and to Lechmere canal, the channel to be not
less than one hundred feet in width and eighteen feet
in depth ; shall dredge Broad canal to such depths as
will afford to and at the wharves thereon not less than
seventeen feet of water up to the Third street draw,
not less than thirteen feet of water from the Third
street draw to the Sixth street draw, and not less than
eleven feet of water from the Sixth street draw to the
railroad draw, and not less than nine feet of water for
one hundred and twenty-five feet above the railroad
draw; shall dredge Lechmere canal to such depths as
will afford to and at the wharves thereon not less than
seventeen feet of water up to and including Sawyer's
lumber wharf, and not less than thirteen feet of water
from said wharf up to the head of the canal at Bent
street; all depths aforesaid to be measured from the
water level to be maintained in the basin.
Manner of The commission shall do all such dredging and all

strengthening of the walls of the canals and of the

APPENDIX A, 41

basin where dredging is done by the driving of prime
oak piles two feet on centres along the front of said
wharves or walls, and all removing and relocating of
pipes and conduits made necessary by such dredging,
so that vessels requiring a depth of water not exceed-
ing the respective depths above prescribed can lie along-
side of, and in contact with, the wharves; and this work
shall be done in such manner as to cause the least pos-
sible inconvenience to abutters, and shall be finished on
or before the completion of the dam ; and after the walls
or wharves have been so strengthened, all repairs on or
rebuilding of the walls and wharves shall be done by the
abutters.

The commission shall do such dredging in the basin certain other
outside of the channels aforesaid as may be necessary done, etc.
for the removal of sewage, sludge or any offensive de-
posit; shall do such other dredging as it shall deem
proper, and shall take all proper measures for the de-
struction of malarial mosquitoes in the basin and its
vicinity.

Section 5. The commission, before the completion Maivinai
of the dam, shall construct marginal conduits on the conBtnicted'
north side of the basin from the outlet of the overflow
channel in Binney street to a point below the dam, and
on the south side of the basin from the present outlet
of the Back Bay Pens to a point below the dam, and
may construct an extension thereof toward, or to, St.
Mary street, the conduits to be used to receive and con-
duct below the dam the overflow from sewers and the
surface drainage and other refuse matter which would
otherwise pass into the basin.

Section 6. The commission, for the purpose of SS^miJ^fiB*'
carrying out the provisions of the preceding sections, **^» ^^•
may from time to time take in fee or otherwise, by
purcJiaee or otherwise, for the Commonwealth, or the
city of Boston or the city of Cambridge, as the com-
mission shall determine, lands, flats and lands covered
by tide water on Charles river, by filing in the registry
of deeds for the county and district in which the lands
or flats are situated a description thereof, sufficiently

APPENDIX A.

The metro-
politan park
(commission to
have exclusive
control of dam,
etc.

May make
rules and
regulations,
etc.

Notice to he
given In case
of emergency

accurate for identification, signed by a majority of the
commissioners; and any person whose property is so
taken may have compensation therefor as determined
by agreement with the commission, and if they cannot
agree, the compensation may be determined by a jury
in the superior court for the county where the property
is situated under the same provisions of law, so far as
they are applicable, which apply in determining the
value of lands taken for highways under chapter forty-
eight of the Revised Laws, upon petition therefor by
the commission, or by such person, filed in the clerk's
office of said court against the Commonwealth or the
city for which the lands or flats are taken within one
year after the taking, and costs shall be taxed and ex-
ecution issued as in civil cases.

Section 7. The metropolitan park commission,
when the work provided for in the preceding sections
is finished, shall, subject to the powers vested by law
in the state board of health, have exclusive control of
the dam and lock and of the basin and river between
the dam and the city of Waltham, as a part of the met-
ropolitan parks system, and of all poles, wires and other
structures placed or to be placed on, across, over or in
any part of said basin, dam or lock, and of the placing
thereof, except the part of the dam used as a highway
and the bridges and other structures erected by any city
or town within its limits and upon its own lands; may
make reasonable rules and regulations, not impairing
freight traffic, for the care, maintenance, protection
and policing of the basin; and throughout the year
shall operate the lock without charge, maintain the
lock, channels and canals aforesaid at the depths afore-
said, and clear of obstructions caused by natural shoal-
ing or incident to the building of the dam, and maintain
the water in the basin at such level, and the lock, chan-
nels and canals sufficiently clear of obstructions by ice
80 that any vessel ready to pass through the lock, and
requiring no more depth of water than aforesaid, can
pass through to the wharves aforesaid. In the event
of an emergency, requiring the temporary reduction of

APPENDIX A. 43

such level, notice thereof shall be given to the occn- requiring

tsmporaiy

pants of said wharves, and such reduction shall not be reduction of

. level, etc.

lower nor continue longer than the emergency requires.

Said metropolitan park commission may order the re- Bemoyai of

moval of all direct sewage or factory waste as a com- or factcS-y ^

- ,, . i«i^'i>L' 1-1 waste mav be

mon nuisance from the river and its tributaries below ordered, etc.
the city of Waltham ; and no sewer, drain, overflow or
other outlet for factory or house drainage shall here-
after be connected with the basin below said city with-
out the approval of the metropolitan park commission.

Section 8. The Commonwealth shall in the first Payment of

expenees.

instance pay all expenses incurred in carrying out the
provisions of the preceding sections, and the same shall,
except as provided in the following section, constitute
part of the cost of construction and maintenance of
the metropolitan parks system ; and in addition to the
amounts heretofore authorized for such construction
the treasurer and receiver-general shall, from time to
time, as authorized by the governor and council, issue
notes, bonds or scrip, in the name and behalf of the
Commonwealth, entitled Charles River Basin Loan, to charies River

ii A 1 • 1 i 1 1 Basin Loan.

the amount which the commission may deem necessary
for the expenses incurred under the first six sections of
this act ; and all acts and parts of acts relative to loans
for such construction and providing for their payment
shall, so far as they may be applicable and not incon-
sistent herewith, apply to such notes, bonds and scrip
and to their payment.

Section 9. The commissioners next appointed under Apportion-
the provisions of chapter four hundred and nineteen of expenses, etc
the acts of the year eighteen hundred and ninety-nine,
and amendments thereof, in apportioning the expenses
of maintaining the metropolitan parks system shall in-
clude as part thereof the expense of maintenance in-
curred under the preceding sections of this act; shall
also determine, as they shall deem just and equitable,
wiiat portion of the total amount expended for con-
struction under sections three, four, five and six of this
act shall be apportioned to the cities of Boston and Cam-
bridge as the cost of the Temoval of Craigie bridge and

APPENDIX A.

Citv of Boston
to ao certain
dredging,
oonstmct
condnlta,
sewer, etc.

ProTlflo.

WaUor
embankment
may be bniH
on Boston side
of Charles
river.

the construction of a suitable bridge in place thereof,
and the remainder shall be considered and treated as
part of the cost of construction of the metropolitan
park system. The treasurer and receiver-general shall
determine the payments to be made each year by said
cities, one-half by each, to meet the interest and sink-
ing fund requirements for the amounts apportioned to
them as the cost of such bridge, and the same shall be
paid by each city into the treasury of the Common-
wealth as part of its state tax.

Section 10. The city of Boston, by such oflScer or
officers as the mayor may designate, shall forthwith
after the passage of this act do such dredging in the
Back Bay Fens as the board of health of said city may
require ; shall construct a conduit between Huntington
avenue and Charles river, to form an outlet into Charles
river for the commissioners' channel of Stony brook ;
shall reconstruct the present connections between the
river and the Fens so as to allow free access of water
from the river into the streams and ponds in the Fens
and thence into the river; and shall construct a sewer
in the rear of the houses on the north side of Beacon
street between Otter and Hereford streets. Such officer
or officers may construct a conduit between Green street
and Forest Hills, and may construct or rebuild within
five years one or more conduits for Stony brook between
the westerly side of Elmwood street and the Fens:
provided^ however, that the expense of such conduits
between Green street and Forest Hills and between
Elmwood street and the Fens shall be paid for out
of the annual appropriation for sewer construction,
under the provisions of chapter four hundred and
twenty-six of the acts of the year eighteen hundred
and ninety-seven and acts in amendment thereof or
in addition thereto.

Section 11. The board of park commissioners of
Boston may, with the approval of the mayor, build a
wall or embankment on the Boston side of Charles
river, beginning at a point in the southwest comer
of the stone wall of the Charlesbank, thence running

APPENDIX A. 45

southerly by a straight or curved line to a point in
Charles river not more than three hitndred feet dis-
tant westerly from the harbor commissioners' line,
measuring on a line perpendicular to the said com-
missioners' line at its intersection with the southerly
line of Mount Vernon street, but in no place more
than three hundred feet westerly from said commis-
sioners' line; thence continuing southerly and west-
erly by a curved line to a point one hundred feet or
less from the wall in the rear of Beacon street ; thence I

by a line substantially parallel with said wall to the
easterly line of the Back Bay Fens, extended to inter-
sect said parallel line.

Section 12. The board of park commissioners of SSsTSclrSSy
said city may take, in fee or otherwise, by purchase or ^^c^k:*
otherwise, for said city, for the purpose of a public
park such lands, flats and lands covered by tide water
between Charles, Brimmer and Back streets and the
line of the wall or embankment aforesaid, as the mayor
shall approve, by filing in the registry of deeds for the
County of Suffolk a description thereof sufficiently ac-
curate for identification, signed by a majority of the
Commissioners, and shall construct a public park on
tihe lands so taken ; and any person whose property is
BO taken may have compensation therefor as deter-
mined by agreement with the board, and if they can-
not agree, the amount thereof may be determined by
a jury in the superior court for the county of Suffolk,
under the same provisions of law, so far as they may
be applicable, which apply in determining the value
of lands taken for highways under chapter forty-eight
of the Revised Laws, upon petition therefor by the
board, or by such person, filed in the clerk's office of
said court against said city within one year after the
taking, and costs shall be taxed and execution issued
as in civil cases.
Section 13. The city of Boston shall pay the ex- city oi Boatspn

•^ *^ •' to pay o^^^^s^^ljft

penses incurred under sections ten, eleven and twelve exponae*. -
of this act, except as otherwise provided in section ten
of this act; and to meet said expenses the city treas-

4i;

APPENCIX A.

Citv treaBiirer
to issue bonds,
etc.

The Boston
and Maine
Railroad to
remove certain
stnictures, etc.

Enforcement
of proyisions
of act, etc.

BepeaL

When to take
effect.

urer of the city shall, from time to time, on the request
of the mayor, issue and sell bonds of the city to an
amount not exceeding eight hundred thousand dollars,
and the bonds so issued shall not be reckoned in deter-
mining the legal limit of indebtedness of the city.

Sectiok 14. The lock shall be built above the lower
line of the dan^, and the Boston and Maine Sailroad
shall, before the dam is completed, remove its bridge,
piles and any other structures in Charles river which
are southerly or westerly of a line defined in red on a
plan filed in the office of the board of harbor and land
commissioners, marked ^^ Plan showing line from above
or southwest of which the Boston & Maine Railroad
shall remove all of its structures in Charles Eiver and
between the harbor lines. May 25, 1903. Woodward
Emery, Chairman of Harbor and Land Commissioners " ;
and may rebuild the same northerly and easterly of the
line so defined. The draw in the new bridge shall not
be easterly of nor more than fifty feet westerly from the
location of the present draw, and shall be so located
as to be directly opposite the lock. Within the limits
herein prescribed the commission shall determine the
position of the lock and draw.

Section 15. The supreme judicial court and the
superior court shall, upon application of any party in
interest, including any owner or occupant of property
abutting on the basin or on Broad canal or Lechmere
canal, have jurisdiction to enforce, or prevent violation
of, any provision of this act, and any order, rule or
regulation made under iKuthority thereof.

Section 16. Chapter three hundred and forty-four
of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and ninety-
one, as amended by section one of chapter four hun-
dred and thirty-five of the acts of the year eighteen
hundred and ninety-three, and chapter five hundred
and thirty-one of the acts of the year eighteen hun-
dred and ninety-eight are hereby repealed.

Section 17. This act shall take effect on the first
day of July in the year nineteen hundred and three.
[Approved June 24^ 1903,

INDEX TO ACT.

8KCTION I'AOB

Abntters, repairing or rebuilding of walls and wharves shall be done by, 4 41

Accounts, commission shall keep, 2 39

Act shall take effect, IT 46

Annual report, commission shall make 2 39

Appointment of commissioners, 1 39

Apportionment of expenses, 9 43

Assistants, commission may appoint 2 39

Basin, commission shall dredge, 4 41

Basin, Metropolitan Park Commission shall control, .... 7 42

Basin, permanent water level 3 40

Basin, rules and regulations, 7 42

Basin, water level shall be maintained, 7 42

Board of Health of Boston may require dredging 10 44

Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may build wall or embankment, 11 44

Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may take lands, ... 12 45

Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may construct park, . . 12 40

Bonds, city treasurer of Boston shall issue, 13 46

Bonds, Treasurer and Receiver-General shall issue B 43

Boston, city of, may construct conduits, 10 44

Boston, city of, shall construct conduit 10 44

Boston, city of, shall construct sewer, 10 44

Boston, city of, may do dredging, 10 44

Boston, city of, shall pay expenses, 13 45

Boston, city of, shall reconstruct connections between river and Fens, 10 44

Boston & Maine Railroad may rebuild bridge, 14 46

Boston & Maine Railroad shall remove bridge, etc 14 46

Bridge of Boston & Maine Railroad, time of removal, ... 14 46

Broad canal, commission shall dredge, 4 40

Broad canal, depths of, 4 40

Broad canal, maintenance of, 7 42

Channels and canals, commission shall dredge, ^ *^

Channels and oanals, maintenance of, 7 42

Channels, dimensions of, * ^

Charles B/ver Basin Commission, 1 ^

Charles B/ver tiasin loan, * ^

48 APPENDIX A.

8ECTIOM PAGE

CommissiODeiB, appointment of, 1 39

Commissioners, residenoe of 1 39

Commissioners, salaries of, 1 39

Commissioners, term of, 1 39

Commissioners, vacancies shall be filled, 1 39

Commission may appoint secretary, engineers and assistants, . . 2 39

Commission may take lands, 6 41

Commission, powers and duties, 2 39

Commission shall construct dam, 3 39

Commission shall construct marginal conduits, .... 5 41

Commission shall determine position of lock and draw, ... 14 46

Commission shall dredge, 4 40

Commission shall keep accurate accounts, 2 39

Commission shall make annual report, 2 39

Commission shall strengthen walls and wharves, .... 4 40

Conduit, city of Boston shall construct, 10 44

Conduits, city of Boston may construct, 10 44

Conduits, commission shall construct S 41

Conduits, location and use of 5,10 41,44

Conduits, time of construction 5, 10 41, 44

Connections between river and Fens, city of Boston shall reconstruct, 10 44

Courts, jurisdiction of 6, 12, 15 42, 45, 46

Craigie bridge, commission shall remove, 3 40

Dam, commission shall construct

Dam, location and dimensions of,

Dam, Metropolitan Park Commission shall control,

Dam, United States to authorize construction of, .

Draw, commission shall determine position of, ....

Draw, location of,

Drawbridge or drawbridges, dam shall be built with,

Dredging, city of Boston may do,

Dredging, commission shall do,

Dredging, manner of,

I^i^RinSi time of completion, 4

Embankment, wall or, 11 ^

Enforcement of provisions of act, etc 15 46

Engineers, commission may appoint, 2 39

Expenses, apportionment of, ^ ^

Expenses, city of Boston shall pay, 13 45

Expenses, Commonwealth shal pay, ^ ^^

Expense to be paid out of appropriation for sewer construction, 10 44

Highway, maintenance and operation of, 3 40

Highway shall constitute part of dam, 3 40

APPENDIX A. 49

8SOTIOM PAOB

Interest, proyision for, 9 44

Jury in saperior conit may determine compensation, . . 6, 12 42, M

Lands, Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may take, . . 12 45

Lands, commission may take, 6 41

Iiands, payments for, 6, 12 42, 4fi

Lechmere canal, commission shall dredge, 4 40

Lechmere canal, depths of, 4 40

Lechmere canal, maintenance of, 7 42

Lock, commission shall determine position of, 14 46

Lock, dimensions of, 3 40

Lock, location of 14 46

Ziock, Metropolitan Park Commission shall control, .... 7 42

Lock, operation and maintenance of, % . 7 42

Lock, dam shall be famished with, 3 40

Lock, United States to authorize construction of , . 2 lid

IVIalarial mosquitoes, destruction of,

^ayor of Boston may request city treasurer to issue and sell bonds, .

^ayor of Boston to approve building of wall or embankment, .

^ayor of Boston to approve taking of lands for public park,

^ayor of Boston to designate officer or officers to do dredging, etc., .

Itfetropolitan Park Commission may make rules and regulations, .

Siietropolitan Park Commission may order removal of sewage or fac-
tory waste, ....

^Metropolitan Park Commission, no sewer, drain, etc., shall be con-
nected with basin without approval of,

Itfetropolitan Park Commission shall control dam, etc

Itfetropolitan Park Commission shall maintain water in basin,
^Metropolitan Park Commission shall operate and maintain lock, etc.,

I*ark, Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may construct, .
-Park or parkway may constitute part of dam, . • • •

I^ayment of expenses,' • • •

Payments, Treasurer and Receiver-General shall determine, .
Powers and duties of commission,

Quorum, two aha]] constitute, . . . . • • *

7
7
7
7

43
42
42
42

12
3
, lO, 13
9
2

.^.

50 APPENDIX A.

RKOTIOV PAOB

Repeal, 16 46

Residence of commiBsioners, 1 39

Rales and regulations, 7 42

Salaries of commissioners, 1 39

Secretary, commission may appoint 2 H9

Sewerage entering basin, Metropolitan Park Commission to control, . 7 43

Sewer, city of Boston shall construct, 10 44

Sinking fund requirements, provision for, 9 44

Term of commissioners, 1 39

United States, authority to baild dam and lock 2 39

Vacancies shall be filled 1 39

Wall or embankment, Board of Park Commissioners of Boston may

build, 11 44

Wall or embankment, location of, 11 44

Walls and wharves, repairing or rebuilding shall be done 'by abutters, 4 41

Walls and wharves, commission shall strengthen, .... 4 40

Wasteways, dam shall be built with, 3 40

•

Appendix B.

[Chapter 107 of the Resoltes of tHe Tear 1904.]

Resolve to provide for the Acceptance by the
Commonwealth of the Conditions and Limi-
tations set forth in a Certificate of the
Acting Secretary of War of the United
States relating to the Construction and
Maintenance of the Charles Eiver Dam.

Resolved. That the express conditions and limitations construction

*^ . of Charles

set forth in a certificate of Robert Shaw Oliver, acting river dam,
secretary of war, under date of the eighteenth day of anoe of certain
May, nineteen hundred and four, relating to the con- etc.
struction and maintenance of a dam across the Charles
river, and to the maintenance of channels in connec-
tion therewith, be, and hereby are, accepted, and the
obligations thereof assumed by the Commonwealth, as ■

follows : — \

1. That detailed plans for the lock and dam, and
of all channels to be dredged outside established har- \
bor lines, shall be submitted to the secretary of war,
and that the work be not begun until such plans have
received his approval.

2. That the Charles river basin <;ommission, or its .
successors, shall operate the lock, at their own expense,
as a free navigable waterway of the United States, sub-
ject to such regulations as the secretary of war may
promulgate.

3. That the emptying of the basin shall be subject
to regulation by the secretary of war.

4. That the Charles river basin commission shall

dredge and maintain in the basin, from the head of the

lock to the channel in the river, a channel one hundred
feet wide and eighteen feet deep at mean low water, in
a location to be approved by the secretary of war.

62 APPENDIX B.

5. That, whenever called upon to do so by the sec-
retary of war, the Charles river basin commission shall
deepen two and two-tenths feet the channel eighty feet
wide called for by the present approved project for the
improvement of Charles river by the United States,
known as the project of June fourteen, eighteen hun-
dred and eighty, the said deepening to extend as far
as Brackett's wharf.

6. That the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall
maintain in the Charles river from the head of the
thirty-five foot channel at Charles river bridge to the
dam and lock, the necessary depth and width of chan-
nel for the commerce of the river, as fixed by the sec-
retary of war.

7. That the alterations in the bridge of the Boston
and Maine Railroad ordered by said act of the general
court of Massachusetts shall be made, approval of the
plans by the secretary of war being obtained, as re-
quired by law.

8. That the approval hereby granted shall not be
construed as authorizing any invasion of property
rights, or any act whereby a claim for damages
against the United States might arise. [Approved
June 8, 1904.

PUBLIC DOCUMENT

FIRST ANNUAL REPOUT

Massachusetts Board of Registration
IN Veterinary Medicine.

For the Yeak 1904.

BOSTON :

WRIGHT ft POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRUJTEBS,

18 Post Office Sqcarb.

1905.

Aptbotbd by
Thx Statb Boabo of Publicatiox.

MEMBERS

or THB

Massachusetts Board of Registration in

Veterinary Medicine,

1904.

LASGDOS FROTHINGHAM, M.D.V., Chairman,
ELMER W. BABSOlSr, M.D.V., Secretary, . .

GEORGE P. PENJSriMAN. D.V.S

HENRY S. LEWIS, AI.D.V

THOMAS E. MALONEr. V.S

Boston.

. GLOnORSTKR.

. Worcester.
. Chei.se A.
. Fall Rivkk.

€amxttav(ixsmli}i ai SEtassar^ngetts.

REPORT.

BOABD OF RBOT8TKATION IN VSTBRIirAHT MBDICINB»

Office of Secretary, Dec. IS, 1904.
To His Excellency John L Bates, Oovemor.

Sir : — ; In compliance with section 6 of chapter 249 of the
Acts of 1903, the Board present the following report : —

Your Excellency appointed, as members of this Board :
Langdon Frothingham, M.D.V., of Boston, for the term of
five years ; Elmer W. Babson, M.D.V., of Gloucester, for
the term of four years; George P. Penniman, D.V.S., of
Worcester, for the term of three years ; Henry S. Lewis,
M.D.V., of Chelsea, for the term of two years ; Thomas E.
Idaloney, V.S., of Fall River, for the term of one year.

The Board was duly organized on Jan. 12, 1904, by the
choice of Langdon Frothingham as chairman and Elmer W.
Sabson as secretary.

As required by law, public notice was given in several
newspapers published in Massachusetts, by giving the details
of the organization of the Board, and printing a synopsis of
the law ; besides this required notice, postals were sent out to
all known practitioners of veterinary medicine in the Com-
monwealth, notifying them of the provisions of the act, and
earning them to apply for registration on or befoife the first
day of September, 1 904, when registration under section 3
ceased. Many of these names were obtained fi"om lists of
graduates of all of the veterinary schools in this country and
Canada. The Board endeavored to obtain the name of every
practising veterinarian and dentist in Massachusetts, in order

f5 VETERINARY MEDICINE. [Jan.

to notify them of the law ; therefore, it will be seen that it
lias done more than required to disseminate a knowledge of
the existence of the new law throughout the Commonwealth.

For the purpose of registration the Board formed three
classes : A, those who were graduates of a school of veter-
inary medicine recognized by the Board, and were in prac-
tice on or before April 16, 1903, and who made application
for registration on or before Sept. 1, 1904; B, those who
had been practising continuously for a period of three years
next prior to the passage of the act, i.e., the sixteenth day
of April, 1903, and who made application for registration
on or before Sept. 1, 1904; C, those who were graduated
I)ut were not in practice on or before April 16, 1903, or
made application for registration later than Sept. 1, 1904,
and those who were not graduates and had not practised for
three years next prior to April 16, 1903, or who made ap-
plication for registration later than Sept. 1, 1904.

The Board has held twenty-seven meetings and two ex-
aminations.

A large number of applications have been received, with
the accompanying fees, from blacksmiths, druggists and
persons who were not residents or inhabitants of the State.
Besides these, applications have been received from many
others whom the Board did not consider were properly to
be classed as practitioners of veterinary medicine or branches
thereof. All these applications have been rejected, and the
fees returned.

The total number of applications for registration received
by the Board up to the fifteenth day of December has been
430. The total number registered has been 360. Of these,
209 have ])een registered under Form A as graduates ; 129
under Form B as practitioners of three years' standing ; 22
under Form C as those who have been examined and found
qualified by the Board ; 68 applications have been rejected,
5 of which failed to pass the examination, leaving 2 appli-
cations which are still under consideration. Every applica-
tion received has been carefully investigated, and none have
been»approved or rejected without due consideration.

The receipts of the Board, which according to law have

1905.] PUBLIC DOCUMENT — No. 72. 7

been paid into the treasury of the Commonwealth, have been
as follows : —

Forms A and B, fees at #2, $676 00

Form C, fees at $5, 135 00

$811 00
The expenses of the Board have been as follows : —

Salaries and travelling expenses of members, . $482 12

Clerical assistance, 188 08

Advertising, 34 20

Printing and postage, 231 20

Stationery and supplies, 144 15

Miscellaneous, 32 00

•1,111 70

The Legislature appropriated $550 for the use of the
Board, and it will be seen that this was insufficient by
$561.70 to meet the necessary expenses. The Board con-
siders that an appropriation of $1,000 should be made for
the ensuing year.

In the Appendix to this report will be found a copy of the
law under which the Board acts.

Respectfully submitted,

LANGDON FROTHINGHAM.
ELMER W. BABSON.
G. P. PENNIMAN.
HENRY S. LEWIS.
THOS. E. MALONEY.

10 VETERINARY MEDICINE. [Jan.

places as they may determiDe. Said board may make by-laws and
rules not inconsistent with law necessary to carry oat the provi-
sions of this act.

Section 3. Said board shall notify all persons practising vet-
erinary medicine Id this Commonwealth, of the provisions of this
act by publishing the same in one or more newspapers Id this
Commonwealth, and every such person who is a graduate of a
recognized school of veterinary medicine, and also every person
who has been a practitioner of veterinary medicine in this Com-
monwealth for a period of three years next prior to the passage
of this act, shall, upon the payment of a fee of two dollars, be
entitled to registration, and said board shall issue to him a certifi-
cate thereof signed by its chairman and secretary. Registration
under the provisions of this section shall cease on the first day of
September in the year nineteen hundred and four. All applica-
tions for registration under this act shall be made upon blanks
furnished by the board, and dhall be signed and sworn to by the
applicant.

Section 4. Any person not entitled to registration as afore-
said who is twenty-one years of age shall, upon the payment of a
fee of five dollars, be entitled to examination, and if found quali-
fied by the board shall be registered and shall receive a certificate
of registration as provided in section three. Any person who fails
to pass a satisfactory examination and is therefore refused regis-
tration may be re-examined at any regular meeting of the board
within two years of the time of such refusal, without additional
fee, and thereafter may be examined at any regular meeting upon
the payment of a' fee of five dollars for each examination. The
fees received for examination and registration of applicants before
the board shall be paid monthly by the secretary of the board into
the treasury of the Commonwealth.

Section 5. Examinations shall be held at least twice annually,
and shall be exclusively in writing, in English. There shall be
suitable questions to test the requisite knowledge of the applicants
in the following subjects : — Anatomy, surgery, physiology, animal
parasites, obstetrics, pathology, bacteriology, diagnosis and prac-
tice, therapeutics and materia medica.

Section 6. It shall be the duty of said board to keep a register
of all practitioners qualified under this act, which shall be open to
public inspection, and to make an annual report to the governor.

Section 7. It shall be unlawful after the first day of Septem-
ber in the year nineteen hundred and four for any person to
practice veterinary medicine, or any branch thereof, in this Com-
monwealth who does not hold a certificate issued by said board.

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