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GOVEI
AccompE
ATWOODftCD
DOCUMENTS.
Vol. I.
No. 1 —Report of Secretary of State.
2 — Secretary of State, as Insurance OommiBsioner-
3 — State Treasurer.
4 — School and University Land Commissioners.
5 — Superintendent of Public Instruction-
s'— Regents of State University.
Vol. II.
No. 6— Report of Trustees of Hospital for the Insane.
7— Northern Hospital for the Insane.
8 — . Institution for the Blind.
9-. Institute for the Deaf and Dumb.
1(V— Soldiers* Orphans' Home.
11 — State Prison Commissioner.
12 — Managers of Industrial School for Boys,
la— State Board of Charities and Reform.
14^ Commissioner of Immigration.
15 — Adjutant General. j
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4
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DOCUMENT No. 6.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORl
OFTBK
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF THE
Wisconsin State Hospital for t
Insane,
For tfu Fiscal Year f.nding September 30, 1873.
I
MADISON, WIS. :
ATWOOD ft CULYER, FRmTKKS AND STEBS0TTPSR8.
1872.
1
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS.
\'
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
F. J. BiiAiB, Milwaukee.
Wm. R Tatlob, Cottage Grove.
SiMBOir Mills, Madison.
David Atwood, Madison.
E. W. Young, Prairie du Sac.
Term expires April 1, 1878.
" 1, 1874.
« " " 1, 1875.
" " " 1. 1876.
". " " 1, 1877.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
DAVID ATWOOD,
FBESEDENT.
WM. R. TAYLOR,
VICB-FBBSIDBHT.
SIMEON MILLS,
TRBASUREB.
S. D. HASTINGS,
SECBBTABT.
AUDITIKa OOHHITTBE.
E. W. YOUNG, Chairman.
P. J. BLAIR, WM. R TAYLOR
RESIDENT OFFICERS OF THE HOSPITAL.
A. 8. McDILL, M. D.,
6UFBBIirrEl!n>BNT.
R. M. WIGGINTON, M. D.,
FIB8T AB8ISTAI7T PHY8ICIA1T.
D. R. BOYNTON, M. D.,
SECOBD ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN.
MRS. M. C. HALLIDAY,
KATBON.
TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washbubn,
Governor of the State of Wisconsin:
The thirteenth annual report of the Trustees of the Wiscon-
sin State Hospital for the Insane, is herewith submitted.
The number of patients at the commencement of the year was
three hundred and fifty-five ; the number admitted during the
year, one hundred and sixty-six, making a total of five hundred
and twenty-one under treatment during the year. The number
discharged, including those who have died, was one hundred and
forty-eight, leaving in the hospital on the 30th day of Septem-
ber, 1872, three hundred and seventy-three.
The daily average number in the hospital during the year
was three hundred and sixty-five.
For further particulars as to the movements of the hospital
population, the results of the treatment, and for hospital statistics
of all kinds, we would respectfully refer to the report of the
Superintendent, herewith presented, and its accompanying
tables.
The importance of enlarged accommodations for the insane,
was discussed at considerable length in our report of 1870, and
again briefly alluded to in our report of 1871. We are more
than ever convinced of the correctness of the views then pre-
sented, and we would earnestly call the attention of the legisla-
ture and the people to the facts and suggestionss contained in
the accompanying report of the Superintendent on this subject.
We regard the views presented by the Superintendent as
sound, and as worthy of the most careful consideration of those
6
upon whom rests the responsibilty of caring for the unfortu-
nate insane of the state.
On the 8th of August last, the laundry, with*all its machinery
was destroyed by fire, the fire also destroying the wooden building
attached to the coal house adjoining the boiler house, used for
storing coal, with seventy-five tons of coal, that were in it at
the time, and also seriously damaging the boilers and the con-
necting steam-pipes.
The exigencies of the case demanded immediate action in
order to keep the hospital running, and to provide for the repair
of the boilers and renewal of of the steam pipes, before the ap-
proach of cold weather, as without this there would be no way
to save the inmates of the hospital from suffering.
The trustees were called together when it was decided to pro-
ceed at once to rebuild and enlarge the laundry, repair the
boilers and connecting steam pipes, rebuild the coal house, to
erect a new smoke stack, and to purchase new machinery for the
laundry, and Messrs. Simeon Mills and David Atwood were ap-
pointed a committee to superintend the erection and repair of
the buildings, and in connection with Dr. McDill, to purchase
new machinery for the laundry.
At a recent meeting of the Trustees, the Building Committee
reported as follows :
" That in pursuance of authority given by the Trustees for
that purpose, your committee commenced the work of repairing
and rebuilding the engine-house and laundry, by repairing so
much thereof as was found practicable, and rebuilding anew
and enlarging such parts thereof as could not be repaired. The
greater part of the repairing was of such nature and in such
condition that to let it by contract was not regarded advisable.
" The work has, therefore, much of it, been done by the pur-
chase of materials and the employment of mechanics and labor-
ers to do the work by the day.
^' The walls of the east boiler room and coal house were dam-
aged beyond repair, and the rebuilding of the same on the
enlarged plan, prepared by Mr. Klerke and adopted by the
Board at its special meeting, has been let by contract to the
lowest bidders. The carpenter and joiner work, including ma-
terials, was awarded to Mr. H. N. Moulton, at the sum of two
thousand nine hundred and fifty dollars ; and the mason work,
for the building and smoke stack, including materials, except
iron, and not including plastering, was let to Mr. James Liv*
sey, for the sum of seven thousand and ninety-five dollars.
" Notwithstanding some unavoidable delays have occurred in
the delivery of materials, the work is in such state of advance-
ment, we think, as to insure its completion by the last of
November. The Superintendent, with the approval of your
committee, has purchased machinery and fixtures for the laun-
dry, which are now being put in place as fast as practicable.
'' Immediately after the fire occurred in August last, the esti-
mated loss which it was supposed the institution sustained was
about ten thousand dollars. By reason of the worn condition
of much of the machinery, the actual loss may not have ex-
ceeded that amount; yet, while the cost of r-epairs and re-con-
struction of the building — enlarged and improved as it has
been — and the replacing of the washing apparatus and ma-
chinery with the newest and most approved patterns now in
use, will necessarily much exceed the estimated loss, your com-
mittee believe that the money thus laid out has been judiciously
expended, and that a thorough investigation of the whole
expenditure will show, that the work done and the machinery
purchased was of such obvious necessity as to command the
hearty approval of the legislature and the people of the state.
" Respectfully submitted,
" Simeon Mills,
" David Atwood,
" Building Committee.^^
The size of the old building that has been repaired is sixty
feet by thirty-eight, and the addition built to it is seventy feet
by forty-eight.
In the basement of the old building, there is the engine
room, the fan room, and a room for the use of the blacksmith
and engineer in repairing machinery and iron work.
8
In the basement of the new building, is the boiler room, now
of convenient size and well arranged — something that has been
very much needed for a long time.
Adjoining the boiler room is a new coal house, sixty-four feet
by thirty, and in the angle east of the boiler house is the new
smoke stack which is one hundred and fifteen high above the
top of the boilers.
The basement rooms are on a level with the ground on the
lower side of the building, and the rooms above are on a level
with the ground on the upper side, the building being located
on a side hill.
On the upper floor in the old building is the wash room, the
drying room and a soap room, and on the upper floor in the new
building is the ironing room, a room for heating the sad irons,
and a dressing for the women who work in the laundry.
The machinery in the laundry is of the newest and most ap-
proved patterns, and we are satisfied that when it is completed
we shall have one of the most convenient and best arranged
laundries in the country.
The entire cost of the repairs on the old building, the erect-
ing of the new building, the new coal house and smoke stack,
and the new machinery in the laundry, will be about $24,000;
we cannot give the exact figures as some of the plastering and
other work is still incomplete, but it cannot vary but a few dol-
lars from the amount stated.
Some valuable improvements have been made during the past
year.
The wooden floors in the bath rooms and water closets in the
old female wards have been removed, and replaced with marble
tiling; the new barn has been completed; the wards and center
building have been repainted; the airing court for the women
has been much enlarged; a permanent road seven hundred feet
in length has been built, connecting the main land with the
island in the lake ; a sidewalk to the depot of the Northwestern
Railroad has been put down, a distance of about three-fourths
of a mile; over two miles of post and board fence have been
built, and the new main steam pipe in its place.
9
There is pressing necessity for some few improvements during
the coming year, among which we willname,
First. A suitable building for a carpenter and work shop.
The only place that has ever been used for this purpose is a
room in the basement of the center building. In these days of
fires, prudence would dictate the speedy removal of the com-
bustible and inflammable material, which always accumulates in
such a place. To erect a suitabla building for this purpose, the
sum of twenty-five hundred dollars will be required.
Second, A supply of hose is needed, and proper connections
made with the large pumps, so that in the case of fire, the
means for putting it out would be at hand in an effective shape.
An appropriation of one thousand dollars would be needed for
this object.
Third. The recent fire has developed the necessity of a
greater supply of water. Although the supply has been suffi-
cient for the ordinary use of the institution, it accumulates so
slowly in the large well, that in case of an emergency like a
fire, the supply would be very soon exhausted, and great loss
might result as a consequence.
The supply may be increased by a direct communication with
the lake or by enlarging and deepening the well.
To accomplish this object, an appropriation of $2,000 would
be required.
The amount needed for the support of the hospital, for the
ensuing year, will be as follows:
For the support of patients, including current
expenses, clothing for patients, and ordinary
repairs, as set forth in detail in Superintend-
ent's report, to January 1, 1874 $80,000 00
Add for three months, to April 1st — in accord-
ance with the recommendation of the State
Board of Charities and Reform, so that the
annual appropriations for all the state institu-
tions may cover the same period of time, and
80 that the new appropriation may be availa-
ble by the time the old one is exhausted 20,000 00
♦100,000 00
10
For repairs on laundry and boiler rooms, and
additions thereto, including new coal house
and smoke stack 24,000 00
For carpenter and work shop 2, 500 00
For hose and connections ' 1, 000 00
For increasing supply of water 2,000 00
♦120,500 00
To meet this expenditure, there will be received
the amount charged to counties, for mainten-
ance of patients, clothing, etc |29,552 90
Amount that will be received from friends of
patients for maintenance and clothing, esti-
mated at 3,500 00
33,052 90
Leaving tlie amount for which an appropria-
tion will be needed from the State Treasury $96. 447 10
The appropriation made last year for the erection of an ice
house is still unexpended. Owing to the great demand for
labor in the repair and enlargement of the laundry and boiler
house, it was found difficult to get the work on the ice house
done. Of the appropriation for the purchase of live stock, but
a small part has been used. The unused portion of this appro-
priation and the amount appropriated for the ice house, have
been temporarily used to meet payments on the laundry that
could not be deferred. When the appropriation for the repair
and enlargement of the laundry and boiler house is received
from the State Treasury, the money will be in hand to build the
ice house and complete the purchase of live stock.
We would again respectfully urge the importance of an en-
largement of the Hospital by the addition of two wings, one at
each end of the building.
We ask this.
Fir at. Because there is need of the additional room to
accommodate the hundreds of insane who are now in the jails
and poor-houses of the State, suffering for the want of suitable
accommodations aed proper care, and others who are with their
friends, who have the same claim upon the State as have those
who are already provided for.
Second, Because, to put on the two wings asked for, will be
but to complete the building according to the original design
11
and furnish opportunity for more extensive claBsifioation of the
patients, something that is very much needed to secure the suc-
cess of the institution in the restoration of the patients.
Third, Because, when completed, with the two new wings
it will have no more wings, and no more extended means of
classification than will be had at the new hospital at Oshkosh,
when that is completed.
The necessity of this enlargement has been felt and acknowl-
edged for several years. The legislative visiting committee in
their report to the legislature in 1871, strongly urged the im-
portance of the proposed enlargement, and recommended an
appropriation of ninety thousand dollars for its accomplishment.
The legislative visiting committee of 1872, in their report to
the legislature, say, '' We believe the ultimate plan of our hos-
pital accommodations should embrace the two additional wings
asked for this hospital, and the full completion of the Oshkosh
Hospital according to the plan of that structure."
A minority of the committee were in favor of recommending
an appropriation at that time for the erection of the two wings,
but the majority chose to make no recommendation, but to
leave the matter to the judgment of the legislature.
The necessity of the enlargement seems to be admitted on all
hands: the only question is, when shall it be done?
We are aware that the finances of the state will not admit of
its being done during the coming year, but we would respect-
fully urge the passage of a law at the approaching session of
the legislature, authorizing the erection of the two wings asked
for, the money to be raised in the tax of 1873, or if necessary,
one-half of the amount in 1873 and the balance in 1874.
We cannot close our report, without calling attention to a
matter so appropriately alluded to by the Superintendent in his
report, viz: the death of Dr. Edward G. Marshall, who until the
20th of March last, the day of his death, occupied the place of
first assistant physician of the hospital.
Dr. Marshall was a man who was respected and beloved by all
who knew him. He was especially adapted and qualified for
the work in which he was engaged. He loved his profession
12
and was especially devoted to that branch of it to which his
attention had been given during the last five or six years of his
life. The manner of his intercourse with those around him was
such as to secure the esteem and confidence of not only the
employes of the hospital but in an especial manner that of the
patients. In his death the institution met with a great loss, a
loss that has been felt, not only by every trustee, officer and
employe, but by nearly every patient in the hospital.
In the report of the Superintendent, we receive the not un-
expected notice of his resignation, to take effect in the month of
February. He leaves us to take his seat in the 4:3d Congress,
as the representative of the eighth congressional district. He
will enter upon new and important duties, but not more ardu-
ous or responsible than those he leaves. Gladly would we have
retained him with us, but as he has chosen this new sphere of
labor, we can ask nothing better for him than that his labors
may be as satisfactory and successful there as they have been
here. His loss from the hospital will be deeply regretted by all
connected with the institution.
The post of first assistant physician is now filled by Dr. R.
M. Wigginton, who for three years occupied the place of sec-
ond assistant. He left the hospital some time since to engage
in private practice, but on the death of Dr. Marshall he was
invited to take the place of first assistant, and his acceptance of
the invitation was a source of gratification to all concerned.
The post of second assistant physician has been acceptably
filled since April last by Dr. D. R. Boughton, of Northfield,
Michigan.
The other resident officers of the hospital remain as they were
at the date of our last report, and we take pleasure in express-
ing our confidence in the faithful manner in which all are dis-
charging their respective duties.
Respectfully submitted on behalf of the Trustees.
Madison, October, 1872.
DAVID ATWOOD,
PresidenC.
Sam'l D. Hastinqs,
Secretary.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
To the Trustees of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane:
Gentlemen : — In compliance with the law governing the
Hospital, the following report of its operations during the past
year is respectfully submitted for your consideration :
Males.
Females.
Total.
Number of patients at the commencement of the
vear
173
92
182
74
355
Admitted durinir the vear
148
Whole number treated
265
83
256
65
512
Discharfired and have died
148
Remaining Sept. 30, 1872
182
191
373
Daily average number in the hospital 365
Of the one hundred and forty-eight discharged, there were :
Recovered. .
Improved . .
Unimproved
Died
Males.
34
19
19
11
Fem.
26
7
18
14
83
65
lotal.
60
26
37
25
148
Of the twenty-six discharged improved, most of them could
be comfortably cared for at their homes; and some of them
undoubtedly would have recovreed had their residence in the
14
hospital been prolonged. Those discharged as unimproved were
mostly chronic cases of many years' duration, whom we were
compelled to return to the county authorities, to be cared for,
that room might be obtained in the hospital for the treatment
of recent and more hopeful cases.
Death occurred in eight cases, from exhaustion, the result of
long continued maniacal excitement. In six, from paralysis —
five males and one female; in five, from consumption — ^all fe-
males; and in one case each, from exhaustion from acute mania,
enteritis, epilepsy, dropsy, disease of the heart, and one from
suicide.
Of those admitted during the year, one hundred and thirty-
two were admitted for the first time to a hospital. Six had been
inmates of other hospitals, and twenty-eight were re-admissions
of patients who had, in previous years, been discharged from
this hospital. Of these, twenty-three were received for the sec-
ond time, two for the third, one for the fifth, one for the sixth,
and one for the eleventh time — ^this was a case of oinomania.
Thirteen had previously recovered.
As usual, a large proportion of those admitted were broken
down in general health ; one-third of them were cases of chronic
insanity, that promised little hope of being benefitted by treat-
ment; three were parietics; two were subjects of epileptic
seizures. A number were suffering from tubercular disease of
the lungs, three of whom were in the advanced stage. Seven
of those admitted died within the year; three were brought in
a condition of extreme exhaustion, and died within a week after
their admission. For more precise information regarding the
operations of the hospital during the year, as well as from its
organization, you are respectfully referred to the tables annexed
to this report.
During the year just passed, the customary succession of
events incident to a hospital for the insane, have been witnessed
here. And although furnishing but little, if anything to be
ohronicled, worthy of special mention. Still I may venture to
believe the rightful purposes for which this institution was ere*
ated, have been pursued with a fair measure of success. If we
15
have a right to think that the means of restoration within our
control, which has been taught us by the progress of knowledge
and the experience of years, hare been faithfully used; that as
much of comfort has been obtained for our patients, and as
much discomfort avoided as was possible under existing circum-
stances, then may we not be dissatisfied with the result of our
labors for the year.
In my previous reports I have urged the necessity, for more
extended provisions by the State, for the care of the insane, and
for the completion of this hospital according to its original plan,
by the erection of two wings for the use of patients and an ad-
dition to the centre building for an enlarged kitchen and rooms
for the use of the employes not engaged in the care of patients;
and the experience of the past year has added strength to the
belief heretofore expressed. Nor will the completion of that
part of the new hospital at Oshkosh, now under contract, meet
the requirements of this most unfortunate of the dependent
classes. The report of the State Board of Charities and Re-
forms for 1871, show that there was on the 1st of December,
1871, two hundred and thirty-one insane persons in the poor-
houses and jails of the State; since then, thirty-six patients have
been sent from this hospital to swell that niunber, and there is
now on file seventy-six applications made within the past year
for admission into this hospital for patients who could not be
admitted for want of room. Besides this, the number now in
this hospital is much greater than can be safely maintained
without greatly imperilling the health and comfort of the patients
as well as those engaged in their immediate care.
Various sources of atmospheric contamination exist in every
hospital. In almost every ward will be found some who are the
subjects of offensive physical disease, and the natural propen-
sity of the insane to habits of uncleanliness, even under the
most watchful supervision, manifests itself in ways innumerable.
To this may be added the physiological fact that the persons o^
many of the insane, when in a state of high excitement, exhale
an effluvium at once pungent, penetrating and almost ineradica-
ble. It is also a well established fact that the more depraved
^ 16
and noxious the air becomes, the less movable it is. The air of
a hospital, even were it not deprived of its vitalizing properties
by being breatheil over and over again, these sources of contam-
ination would be sufficient in a short time to render it unfit for
healthful respiration. The deplorable consequences of this state
of existence are but too apparent to the observant physician,
not so much in its immediate results as in the slow constitu-
tional deterioration of all who are for a long period subject to
its contaminating influences. The vital energies are gradually
impaired, the step loses its elasticity, the cheek its fresh tints,
the eye its expression, and the whole countenance bears witness
to the physical lassitude that has taken the place of all the nat-
ural forces of the individual. But it is chiefly in certain latent
consequences, that are not usually revealed to the eye, that the
insiduous poison of a vitiated atmosphere manifests its opera-
tion. The system becomes imperceptibly disarmed of that con-
servative force by which the inroads of disease are averted.
Mild forms of disease assume a malignant character, or readily
pass inUy the typhoid state, trivial wounds, or mere abrasions of
the skin become erysipelatous, abscesses form without apparent
cause, which are slow in maturing and healing. The vital func-
tions are imperfectly performed, the nutrition of the system is
impaired, and that poverty of the constitutional forces which the
physicians term the " cachectic state," sooner or later prostrates
the healthiest system when for a long period it is subjected to
the inhalations of the subtle miasms of an over-crowded hos-
pital.
This unfortunate condition incident to an over-crowded hos-
pital, i/fas in some measure experienced by us during the past
year. In the months of January, February and March, erysip-
elas, though of a mild type, but evidently the result of this
vitiated condition of the atmosphere in the wards, caused by
over-crowding, prevailed among our patients, having had during
those months about twenty cases, only one of which proved
fatal. The most of the cases recovered rapidly, under a tonic
and invigorating medication, conjoined with a liberal, nutricious
17
diet, when removed from the vitiated atmosphere of the wards
and placed in airy and well-ventilated apartments.
As the rigors of our climate, during the winter months, com-
pel us to keep our patients within doors most of this period.
And to obviate, as far as possible, a recurrence of the condition
which existed last winter, I have deemed it my duty to request
the removal of a number of patients having a residence in those
counties which have an excess above their quota in the hospital.
In most instances this request has been promptly complied with.
Some have protested against the removal of patients to their
counties, saying they have no possible way to care for them,
and others have paid no attention to the request.
Unless otherwise directed by your Board, I shall deem it my
duty to insist on the removal of such patients as are not likely
to be benefitted by hospital treatment, from those counties
which now have a greater number in the hospital than they are
entitled to have maintained here. However much I may regret
the necessity which impels me to return any one of the patients
now under my charge to the poor-house or the common jail, for
custodial care. But a due regard for the health and com-
fort of those who shall remain, especially those whom are
deemed curable, or likely to be benefitted by treatment in this
hospital — as well as for those who are engaged in their imme-
diate care — ^require that we should not permit this over-crowded
condition to continue. When we remember the fact that a hos-
pital for the insane, is to a large body of its inmates a place of
absolute confinement, notwithstanding many may be engaged
as laborers in the fields, or as as assistants in the domestic
affairs of the institution, and under favorable circumstance, a
large majority may be participants in walks and rides, it never-
theless holds true, that taking our patients as an entire body,
seven-eights of the time spent at the institution, — nights of
course being included in the calculation, — is spent in its wards,
and behind a lock and key. Hence, it may be gravely ques-
tioned, whether those who are entrusted with the responsibility
of caring for and protecting the inmates of an institution of this
kind, as well as those charged with the duty of making provis-
a— Wis. Hos. Doc. 6.)
18
ions for their care, are not truly criminal, when under the pre-
text of doing good, they impose restraints and conditions on a
helpless and unfortunate class, without at the same time care-
fully providing all the conditions requisite for a healthful physi-
cal existence. This question must be met in all its important
bearings, by those who are charged with the duty of providing
institutions for the care and treatment of the insane. And
costly and expensive as such provisions may appear, they are
simply what humanity demands of the representatives of the
people of this great and growing state in which we live.
The emberassi^ents incident to an over crowded hospital has
been so frequently experienced by those engaged in the care
and treatment of the insane, that it led the Association of Med-
ical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane at
their meeting in May last in this city, to unanimously adopt the
following resolutions:
'^ Mesolvedy That this Association regards the custom of ad-
mitting a greater nnmber of patients than the building can
properly accommedate, which is now becoming so common in
Hospitals for the Insane in nearly every section of the country,
as an evil of great magnitude, productive of extraordinary dan-
gers, subversive of the good order, perfect dicipline and greatest
usefulness of these institutions and of the best interests of the
Insane.
^^Hesolvedj That this Association having repeatedly affirmed
its well -matured convictions of the humanity, expediency and
economy of every state makeing ample provision for all its Insane,
regards it as an important means of affecting this object, that
these Institutions should be kept in the highest state of ef-
ficiency, and the difference in the condition of patients treated
in them and those kept in alms houses, jails or even private
houses, be thus most clearly demonstrated.
" Iiesolv9dj That while fully recognizing the great suffering
and serious loss that must result to individuals by their exclu-
sion from hospitals, when laboring under an attack of insanity,
this association fully believes that the greatest good will result
19
to the largest number, and at the earliest day, by the adoption
of the course now indicated.
^' Hesolvedy That the boards of management of the di£Ferent
hospitals on this continent, be urged most earnestly, to adopt
such measures as will effectually prevent more patients being
admitted into their respective institutions than in the opinions
of their superintendents can be treated with the greatest
efficiency, and without impairing the wellfare of their fellow
sufferers."
The only proper remedy for such a condition is increased
accommodations by the State for the treatment and care of the
insane; and to this subject your earnest and thoughtful consid-
eration is invited.
On the morning of the 8th of August, a fire was discovered
in the wooden building, adjoining the boiler house, used for
storing coal. When first discovered, not only the building but
the whole pile of coal, containing about seventy-five tons, was
enveloped in the flames. The fire rapidly extended to the
engine house and laundry, destroying the upper portion of
these buildings and the entire laundry machinery.
The work of re-construction and procuring new machinery,
to replace what was destroyed by the fire, being under the.
direction of a building committee of your board, whose report
will furnish a detailed statement of the work now being done.
For the fiscal year ending September 30, 1872, bills have
been audited for which orders have been drawn on the treasury
for the current expenses, and for such other purposes as were
contemplated by the legislature in their last appropriation for
the use of the hospital, together with such expenditures for
repairs of damages by the fire as have been audited, amounting
to $105,975 78.
Os this amount there was expended for the current expenses
of the hospital, including ordinary repairs to the build-
ings and heating apparatus, bedding, furniture and cloth-
ing for patients, the sum of $86,770 66
Completion of new bam 2,3M 88
Lumber for side-walks, airing courts, and fencing for new
farm 2,015 16
Boad to island . , 802 22
20
Furniture for centre building 1,50000
Oils, paints and painting 2,764 46
New steam pipe 2,430 20
Tileing bath-rooms and water closets 73o 20
Live stock 359 CO
New carriage 550 00
W. J. 8mith, houses 200 00
Jas. Ready, 15 acres land 1 ,500 00
Mrs. Lyon, 10 aeresof land 1 ,000 00
M. King, 10 acres of land 1,006 60
New laundry and repairs of damages caused by fire 2,477 10
1105,975 78
A classified detailed statement of expenditures for all purpo-
ses will be found annexed to this report.
I have received during the year :
For maintenance of patients $2, 873 65
For clothing furnished, etc 1,034 81
For hides, pelts, etc 1,041 91
For sundries 519 64
Total , $5,470 01
"Which has been paid to the treasurer.
Under the provision of chap. 176, general laws of 1872,1 have
charged to the several counties and certified to the Secretary of
State as therein provided, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1872:
For maintenance of patients |24, 814 87
For clothing furnished patients 4,644 63
For patients' expenses home 93 00
Total $29,552 90
For the year ending Sopt<jml:)er 30th, 1873, for the ordinary
current expenses and repairs, the following sums will be needed:
Subsistence $24,000 00
Salaries ana wages 23,000 cO
Fuel 10,000 00
Farm and barn expenses 2,500 00
Drugs, medicines and liquors 1,500 00
Lights and oil 1,200 00
Amusements and enterUiiniiieu's 500 00
Papers, periodicals, static »n«rv und postage 600 00
Bedding and furniture 5,000 00
Clothing for patients 6,000 00
Repairs to building and hcatiu^r ,ii>purMtus 5,000 00
Trustees and Visiting Coninuui •• rxjx uses 700 00
$80,000 00
21
To meet this expenditure for the next fiscal year, there will be
collected for amount charged to counties $29, 552 90
Estimated amount will be received from patients for maintain-
anceand clothing 8,600 00
Appropriation for 46,947 10
$80,000 00
This amount is exclusive of such sums as may be needed for
permanent improvements or new structures, as may be recom-
mended by your board. Among the most pressing wants of
the institution is the erection of a suitable building for a car-
penter and general work shop. Ever since the erection of the
hospital the carpenter and general repair shops, with all their
accumulation of combustible and inflammable materials, have
been in the basement of the centre building; ordinary prudence
would indicate an early removal. For the erection of a suitable
building for this purpose, a sum of two thousand and five hun-
dred dollars will be required.
I would also recommend that a quantity of hose be procured,
and such connections made with the large pumps as will insure
their efficient use in case of fire. For this purpose the sum of
fifteen hundred dollars will be required.
During the past two years the supply of water, though suffi-
cient for the ordinary use of the institution; but it accumulates
so slowly in the large well that in case of fire, requiring the use
of a large quantity of water in a short time, the supply would
be quickly exhausted, and some measures should be taken to
increase the supply, either from the lake, or by deepening and
enlarging the well.
During the year just closed we have had nearly the entire
part of the building occupied by patients repainted, and such
other repairs made as were necessary for the preservation of the
building. In the old female wards the wooden floors in the
bath rooms and water closets have been removed and replaced
by marble tiling, which is supported on brick arches. A side-
walk to the depot of the Northwestern Railroad has been put
down, a distance of about three-fourths of a mile. Over two
miles of post and board fence have been built. A permanen
22
road, seven hundred feet in length, has been built across that
portion of the' lake intervening between the main land and the
island.
Other works of improvement have been steadily carried on
during the year. Such as clearing on the new farm, taking out
stumps, stones, etc., on the old farm. The principal part of
this work, as well as the work on the farm and garden, has been
done by patients.
The product of the farm and garden, although not so abun-
dant as in previous years, on account of the long continued
drouth of the past summer, are still sufficient to well repay the
labor bestowed on their cultivation, and furnish our household
with a supply of necessary articles which would be difficult to
procure from any other source. Besides this, it has furni3hed
useful employment for a large class of patients that would else
have gone unemployed.
23
The farmer has furnished me with the subjoined list of the
productions of the farm and garden, with the cost of conduct-
ing them.
462
1,420
1,280
125
50
40
500
1,082
75
1,564
275
80
40
85
200
25
10
75
50
500
1
8,000
500
64
5
25
17, 010
7,260
881
busb.
busb.
busb.
tons,
tons,
tons,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
bush,
lbs.,
ton.,
heads
heads
falls,
bis.
bush,
lbs.,
lbs.,
lbs..
29,289 qts..
52 head.
Wheat
Oats
Com
Tame Hay
Straw
Com stalks . .
Potatoes.
Carrots
Early Turnips
Flat Turnips
Beets
Parsnips
Beans
Sweet Corn
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Green Peas
Onions
Apples
Grapes
Pie plant
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Maple Sugar
Vinegar
Strawberries
Pork (live weight)
Stock Hogs
Veal
Asparagus, Lettuce, Cucumbers, Cur-
rants, etc
Milk
Cattle pastured
Total
$1 80
25
85
10 00
400
400
45
85
40
80
80
40
850
40
1
1
1
1
00
00
00
50
45
10
40
5
8
1 00
10 00
4 80
400
8 00
8
5
14 00
Cost of feeding cows
manual labor
team labor (|1 per day)
feedine teams
board ror manual labor <
seeds of all kinds
blacksmithing
tools, implements and repairs.
$868 80
646 89
415 50
468 60
864 00
199 14
89 70
218 46
$562 60
855 00
420 60
1,250 00
200 00
160 00
225 00
861 20
80 00
469 20
82 60
82 00
140 00
84 00
200 00
25 00
10 00
112 50
22 60
50 00
40 00
150 00
40 00
64 00
60 00
120 00
680 40
216 00
80 48
200 00
1,464 00
728 00
$8,554 80
$8,271 09
$5,288 71
The Matron reports the following list of articles made in the
house daring the year, in addition to the mending and repairing
for the whole house:
Dresses 284
Skirts 58
Night gowns 60
Chemises 79
Women^s drawers 88
Men's drawers 188
Men's cotton flannel shirts 165
Hickory shirts 180
Bosom shirts 2
Bed spreads 48
Aprons 10
Sheets 519
Pillowslips 605
Tablecloths 49
Carpets 6
Horse blankets 4
Holders 12
Mittens, pairs 43
Mittens with buckles, pairs 9
Straw ticks 195
Pillows 73
Roller towels 166
Hand towels 188
Dish towels 602
Table napkins 120
Camesoles 8
Pants and waists 2
Suspenders 326
Handkerchiefs 144
Sun bonnets 87
No. of pieces 4,250
The publishers of the following papers will accept thanks for
gratuitous copies furnished the hospital. Their arrival was
always anxiously looked for by patients from the^locality where
they were published :
Green Bay Advocate.
Fond du Lao Commonwealth.
Waupun Leader.
Brandon Times.
Watertown Democrat.
Watertown Republican.
Jefferson Banner.
Sheboygan Times.
/
Richland County Bepublican.
La Crosse Republican and Leader.
Chippewa Herald.
Portage Register.
Janesville Gazette.
Beloit Free Press.
Racine Journal.
Racine Advocate.
Burlington Standard.
Monroe Sentinel.
Kenosha Telegraph.
Grant County Herald.
Dodgeville Chronicle.
Waukesha Plaindealer.
Waukesha Freeman.
Journal of Education.
Maine State Press.
Since our last report, death for the first time, has invaded the
circle of our associates. On the 20th of March, 1872, Dr.
Edward G. Marshall, First Assistant Physician in this hospital,
was removed by death. The two years previous to his death,
he had been one of the resident officers of this hospital, where
he labored with a zeal and fidelity exceeded by no one, in the
discharge of the arduous duties of that position.
Dr. Marshall was ardently devoted to his profession, and with
high professional attainments, though quiet and unpretending,
he was possessed in no small degree witn that energy and
force of will which alone will enable a man to accomplish great
restdts. Called away in the prime of a vigorous manhood,
when he had but just fully commenced a life of great usefulness
and rich in promise, there is something inexpressibly sad in his
removal.
Dr. R. M. Wiggington, who for near three years had accept-
ably filled the office of Second Assistant Physician, left the ser-
vices of the hospital in December last, to engage in private
practice, returned to the hospital on the first of May last, to fill
26
the place of First Assistant Physician, made vacant by the
death of Dr. Marshall.
On the first of January last, Dr. W. R. Page of Chicago, was
appointed to the place of Second Assistant Physician, but left
the services of the hospital 'in April, to resume his former
business, and D. R. Boughton, M. D., of Northfield, Mich-
igan, was appointed Second Assistant Physician, which he con-
tinues to fill acceptably. As required by your by-laws, I hereby
nominate Dr. R. M. Wiggington for the office of First Assist-
ant Physician, and Dr. D. R. Boughton for the office of Second
Assistant Physician, and respectfully ask a confirmation and
approval of their respective nominations.
It is now nearly four and one-half years, since with hesitancy
and distsust of my ability to satisfactorily discharge the respon-
sibilities pertaining thereto, I assumed the duties of superin-
tendent of this hospital. The exact measure of success thus
far obtained under my administration, is not for me to esti-
mate. But I trust it may not be deemed improper to recount,
in part, what has been accomplished, and the changes which
have occurred during this period.
Since we have taken charge of the hospital, two hundred
acres of valuable land have been purchased, all of which has
been fenced, and over one-half of it has been cleared of every
obstruction which would interfere with a high degree of culti-
vation. A large and commodious farm barn, and other outbuild-
ings have been erected, and the quantity of stock on the farm
has been doubled; one and one-quarter miles of sidewalk has
been put down, for the use of the . institution, the first ever
built for the accommodation of patients. Trees have been
planted, and a system of making roads and drives, and other
improvements of the grounds, have been projected, which, with
the great natural beauty of the place, when completed, will
make the hospital grounds one of the most picturesque spots in
all the land.
Two large airing-courts have been enclosed and sodded, thus
enabling every class of our patients to spend the greater part
of the day, in pleasant weather, outside the buildings, without
27
being subjected to the stare and gaze of the idle and curious.
A wide brick pavement, with cut stone curbing, has been put
down around tne centre building, and a front entrance with
iron steps leading thereto has been made for each wing.
The re-construction of the boiler house and laundry buidings,
now commenced, when compleated, will be commodious, con-
venient and well adapted for the purposes designed.
Inside the building we have covered the entire basement,
with the exception of a part of one section, with a heavy coat-
ing of hydraulic cement, and thus effectually preventing rats
from burrowing under the walls.
A bakery and the conveniences appertaining thereunto, have
been added, and additional improvements and conveniences
have been introduced into the kitchen.
The chapel has been tastfully frescoed and provided with
new seats. A stereoscopticon, with a large assortment of views,
have been procured, furnishing a never failing source of enter-
tainment for our patients.
The number of books in our library has been more than dou-
bled, and pictures have been obtained, framed and hung on
the walls of the wards occupied by the patients.
Small conservatories, protected by wire screens, have been
placed in six of the wards. Additional furniture has been pro-
cured, and the means for the amusement and entertainment of
the patients have been extended, and such improvements and
conveniences have been added from year to year as were calcu-
lated more effectually to promote the objects of the institution.
Acting on the belief that if it is proper to have a hospital at all,
the reason is equally strong that it should be a good one, well
fitted for its intended purposes, keeping up to the improve-
ments of the day and steadily extending its means of useful-
ness.
In this spirit I have always acted, being steadily governed by
a system of rigid economy. We have sometimes doubted
whether the idea of cheapness, may not' in some departments have
been too strictly adhered to, we allude more particularly to the
straw beds, the wooden seats, and uncomfortabte surroundings
28
in the furniture and furnishing of the patients wards. But
whatever would contribute to the health and comfort of the
patients, in the liberal supply of healthful, nutricious and invig-
orating diet, or in the way of moral influences to their recovery>
by furnishing them with pleasant surroundings, giving them oc-
cupation and amusement, and especially securing for them
humane, capable and intelligent attendants, cheapness is very
far from being economy.
The great importance of having in every hospital for the
insane an efficient corps of experienced and properly qualified
attendants, is hardly anywhere thoroughly understood, nor the
real value of the duties performed by them, adequately appre-
ciated outside of a hospital.
The traits of character and high standard of qualifications
desirable in an attendant are not always possessed by those who
are willing to engage in this service. Neither will liberal
wages alone secure the qualifications desirable in attendants
upon the insane, but when persons are once found who have
clearly manifested all the conscientiousness, fidelity, tact and
real ability that are desirable in an attendant, no want of a
reasonable amount of compensation should ever be permitted
to allow them to leave this for any more profitable calling, as
such persons might reasonably be expected to do.
When I assumed the duties of Superintendent, the hospital
contained two hundred and two patients. At the close of the
present fiscal year, it numbers three hundred and seventy-three.
During the time I have been in charge, seven hundred and
eighty-four cases have been admitted to the benefits of the in-
stitution, and six hundred and fourteen have been discharged
therefrom; two hundred and forty-eight of whom were dis-
charged as recovered, and were restored to their friends and
usefulness in society. Whether all have recovered,- who under
a reasonable degree of intelligent management and skillful
treatment would have recovered, — whether the incurable have
been relieved of their sufferings and rendered as comfortable as
it was possible to make them, it is not for me to say.
In regard to the peculiar difficulties under which the head o
29
an institution of this kind has always to contend, of which the
community at large know little or nothing about; in dealing
with the innumerable forms of mental disease and the often no
less baseless fancies of unreasonable friends, of every degree of
intelligence, from the higher as well as the lower walks in life.
Some swayed by passion or prejudice, others expecting what no
mortal can give, and determined not to be satisfied with any
attainable result. It would be strange, indeed, if we have suc-
ceeded in satisfying everybody with whom, as patients or friends,
we have had to deal in the discharge of our duties as Superin-
tendent.
Acting with human agencies, imperfections are always to be
anticipated, and when it is considered that the immediate care
and management of patients is accomplished through delegated
help; and those who have charge of the insane, while endeavor-
ing to secure the best assistance within their reach, must often
be disappointed, and compelled to make frequent changes in
order to insure the best results in the working of the institu-
tion. You, with the opportunities afforded by your office, in
frequently visiting the wards, and in some measure becoming
familiar with the patients under different phases of disease, has
enabled you to learn something of the spirit which pervades the
general management of the institution; in the inculcation of
that spirit of gentleness and kindness, and the thorough recogni-
tion of that great law of humanity which should govern in all
hospital management of the insane; and judge to what extent
the failings and shortcomings of employees should be visited
upon the head of the institution.
The proper internal organization of hospitals for the insane,
is now well understood. Efficient, conscientious resident offi-
cers must always be the first great reliance. No matter what
else may be done, it will be found that placing the right persons
in these official positions, and giving them a proper support in
the performance of their duties, will be essential to the success
and usefulness of such institutions.
For outside supervision a board of trustees selected for
their high character as citizens, and general fitness for
30
their duties, is the proper body for this purpose. Having
no pecuniary interest in the institution in any way, ren-
dered familiar with its workings by frequent visits, and actuated
by the higesfc motives to promote its usefulness and the interest
of its patients, they form the strongest guarantee that all pos-
sible good will be effected, and no wrong be tolerated. Regular
visits at short intervals from such a board are infinitely more
thorough and efficient, and their supervision more reliable and
intelligent than any public commission, without special qualifi-
cations for their duties, visiting at long intervals, and probably
selected for political rather than humanitarian reasons, could be.
And I trust it may not be considered improper for me here to
suggest that nothing will serve to insure the future prosperity
of this institution, more than the strict maintainance of a vigilant
supervision over all its affairs by the trustees. No overweening
confidence in the capacity of the resident oflBcers should justify
them in relaxing this, the most important part of their official
duties. If an institution is well conducted, it is worth an effort
to keep assured of that fact, and if it is not, no long time should
be permitted to elapse before the obstacles to its success are re-
moved.
In conclusion I will avail myself of this occasion to give the
notice the rules governing the hospital require, of my intention
to resign the office I now hold in this institution. This I now
desire to do at the end of four months from this date, or as soon
thereafter as it may be convenient for my successor to enter
upon his duties.
When I accepted this trust from your hands, I expected it
would be only temporary in its duration, and with hesitancy d
and distrust, I entered upon its duties as an untried experiment.
What measure of success has attended my ministrations, is not
for me to estimate. If I have failed to meet the requirements
of the situation, it cannot be attributed to any want of sym-
pathy or cooperation on your part, or any unwarranted inter-
ference with my administrative duties, for in all things pertain-
ing thereto I have been permitted to act according to my
judgment, always aided and encouraged by your approbation
31
and support. That I may have erred sometimes, I do not doubt,
and while I would avoid no responsibilty that properly belongs
to me, I only claim the indulgence that is always accorded by a
generous public to an honest purpose, and a diligent endeavor
to fulfill it.
That indulgence, if I mistake not, has invariably been ex-
tended to me, — ^with a degree of cheerfulness which I should be
proud to believe to have been fully warranted — not only by you,
but also by the various official committees of the legislature and
other bodies charged with the duty of examining into and re-
porting on the financial and economical administration of this
trust. The encouragement thus afforded has stimulated the en-
deavor to merit the approval so generously extended, and has
amply consoled me, under the misconstructions and harsh judg-
ments to which the superintendent of an institution of this kind
is not unfrequently subjected.
Among the pleasing recollections of my life, none will be
cherished with more heartfelt satisfaction than the remembrance
of the uninterrupted harmony of the relations which have ex-
isted between us, not only during my superintendency, but also
during the many years previously thereto, when I was associat-
ed with you as a member of the board of trustees, in the man-
agement of this hospital. And in dissolving my official connec-
tion with the institution, permit me to assure you I shall ever
feel a deep interest in the allotted work of this, the greatest of
our public charities. Trusting in my successor you may find an
abler head and stronger hands, under whose ministrations a
higher degree of usefulness may be attained in succeeding
years. A. S. McDILL,
Superintendent,
Madison, September 30, 1872.
TABLES ACCOMPANYING SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
TahU No. 1.
MOVEMENT OP THE POPULATION.
Patients in hospital September 80th, 1871
Admitted during the year
Whole number treated
Discharged recovered
Discharged improved
'"Discharged unimproved
Died
Whole number discharged
Remaining September 30th, 1872
Daily average under treatment
*
Hale.
173
92
265
84
19
19
11
88
182
178
Female.
182
74
256
26
7
18
14
65
191
189
Total.
855
166
521
60
26
37
25
148
873
365
Table No. 2.
ADMISSIONS AND DISCHARGES FROM THE BEGINNING OP
THE HOSPITAL.
Admitted
Discharged recovered . .
Discharged improved . .
Discharged unimproved
Died
Males.
FemaleB.
858
795
280
255
178
129
111
125
112
90
Total.
1,658
585
307
286
202
/
33
Table No. 3.
NUMBER AT EACH AGE IN THE TEAR.
WHEN ADHTTTBD.
WHEN ATTACKED.
AQE.
Male.
Fem.
Total.
Male.
Fem.
Ototol.
Tjesfl than 15 veaw .....*..- 1 «
1
8
29
15
23
12
4
28
18
10
8
5
1
13
57
33
33
20
9
2
12
26
15
23
11
3
2
5
28
19
10
6
4
4
Between 15 and 20
17
Between 20 and 30
54
Between 30 and 40
34
Between 40 and 50
33
Between 50 and 60
17
Over 60
7
TTnkno'WTi
Total
92
74
•
166
92
74
166
Table No. 4.
NUMBER AT EACH AGE PROM BEGINNING OP HOSPITAL.
WHEN ADMirrED.
WHEN ATTACKED.
AGE.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Less than 15 years
Between 15 and 20
Between 20 and 30
Between 30 and 40
Between 40 and 50
Between 50 and 60
Over 60
6
37
281
196
192
82
60
4
7
41
258
221
146
78
40
4
13
78
539
417
338
160
100
8
14
64
253
173
163
68
27
96
14
64
261
206
122
52
24
52
28
128
514
379
285
120
51
Unknown
148
Total
858
795
1,653
858
795
1,653
3— Wis. Hob.
(Doc 6.)
34
Table No. 5.
NATIVITY OF PATIENTS ADMITTED.
Nativity.
Germany
Ireland
England
Norway
Wales
Scotland
Canada
Nova Scotia . . . .
Switzerland
Denmark
Cuba
Bohemia
New Brunswick.
France
Bavaria
Holland
Poland
Sweden
Isle of Man
Bel^um
On Ocean
Unknown
New York
Pennsylvania . . .
Ohio
Wisconsin
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts...
Connecticut
Bhode Island . . .
New Jersey
Maryland
Indiana
Michigan
Illinois
North Carolina .
South Carolina. .
Missouri
Virginia
Kentucky
Tennessee ......
Total
Within
the Tear.
25
24
7
10
1
3
5
1
1
2
3
3
6
26
7
2
19
5
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
166
From the
Begiim'g.
308
207
82
89
23
22
38
8
17
12
2
19
5
4
9
1
6
11
2
1
2
82
288
47
47
97
34
32
49
29
30
2
7
2
11
4
11
2
1
3
3
3
1
1,653
35
Table Ko. 6.
RESIDENCE 0? PATIENTS ADMITTED.
Besidence.
Whole No.
Admitted.
Renmin-
ing.
Adams
8
4
Ashland
Barron .^
Bayfield
Brown
24
10
8
12
8
8
69
19
156
71
4
1
6
11
88
61
85
19
50
8
65
20
81
8
27
86
85
8
11
188
10
18
19
20
8
7
4
15
52
15
89
18
42
8
82
7
Buffalo .'
8
Burnett
2
Calumet
1
Chippewa
3
Clark
1
Columbia
11
Crawford
S
Dane
26
Dodflre
14
Door
8
Douglas
1
Dunn
Eau Claire
4
Poud du Lac
12
16
Green
7
5
Iowa
9
6
Jefferson
11
4
Kenosha
6
2
La Crosse
7
8
Manitowoc
9
8
Marquette
6
82
Monroe
4
8
Outasramie
4
6
PeDin
1
1
Polk
8
5
Racine
8
8
Rock
18
2
Sauk
10
2
Sheboygan
14
36
Table No. 6. — Hesidence of Patients Admitted — continued.
Residence.
Trempoaleaii
Vernon
Walworth . .
Washington
Waukesha . .
Waupaca . . .
Waushara.. .
Winnebago .
Wood
State at large
Total . . .
Whole No.
Admitted.
12
13
69
30
64
18
8
45
4
24
1,653
Remain-
ing.
4
4
9
9
10
5
1
13
4
8
373
Table No. 7.
CIVIL CONDITION OF THOSE ADMITTED.
IN THR YKAR.
FROM THK BBQINNING.
Male.
Female
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Sinfi:le
48
37
5
19
58
67
90
5
8
1
429
868
22
"'"i"
38
203
511
"65"
3
13
632
Married
879
W idowers
22
Widows
65
Divorced
1
4
Unknown
51
1
Total
92
74
166
858
795
1,653
37
Table No. 8.
DURATION OP INSANITY BEFORE ENTRANCE OF THOSE
ADMITTED.
IN THE YEAK.
FROM TUJfi BBGmNING.
.
Male.
Female
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Less than 3 months
Between 8 and 6 months..
Between 6 and 12 months. .
Between 1 and 2 years. . . .
Between 2 and 3 years. . . .
Between 3 and 5 years
Between 5 and 10 years
Between 10 and 20 years
Between 20 and 30 vears ....
46
10 .
5
15
8
5
1
1
26
14
8
9
4
7
5
1
72
24
13
24
12
12
6
2
255
93
107
78
49
48
38
17
5
200
129
117
79
44
52
48
19
5
2
100
465
222
224
157
93
100
86
36
10
Over 30 years
2
Unknown
1
1
168
268
Total
92
74
166
858
795
1,653
Table No, 9.
RECOVERED OF THOSE ATTACKED AT THE SEVERAL AGES
FROM THE BEGINNING.
AoE WHBN At-
NO. ADMin'KD.
NO.RECOVEKED.
PER CT. RECOVERED.
tacked.
M.
7
41
278
196
192
81
46
13
4
F.
9
41
258
222
146
76
24
15
4
Total.
M.
2
21
97
68
46
24
20
1
2
F.
4
20
90
62
44
17
9
5
3
Total.
6
41
187
130
90
41
29
6
5
M.
F.
Total.
Less than 15 ys
Bet. 15 & 20 "
Bet. 20 & 80"
Bet. 30 & 40"
Bet. 40 & 50 "
Bet. 50 & 60"
Bet. 60 & 70*
Over 70
Unknown...
16
82
536
418
338
157
70
28
8
28.57
51.22
34.85
34.69
23.69
29.63
43.48
7.70
50.00
44.44
48.78
34.88
27.90
30.13
23.37
37.50
33.38
75.00
37.50
50.00
34.88
81,10
29.58
26.11
41.43
21.43
62.50
TotAl
858
795
1,653
281
254
535
32.75
82.07
32.36
38
Table Ifo. 10.
RECOVERED AFTER VARIOUS DURATIONS OF DISEASE BE-
FORE TREATMENT, FROM THE BEGINNING.
NO.
ADMITTED.
NO. RECOVERED.
PER CT. RECOVERED.
DURATIOSOJ'DlS-
EASE BEFOSS
Admission.
M.
255
P.
200
Total.
M.
132
F.
ToUl.
M.
P.
Total.
Less than 8 m*s
455
101
233
51.76
55.00
53.38
Bet. 3 & 6 "
93
129
222
48
50
98
41.16
38.75
39.95
Bet. 6 &12 "
107
117
224
27
36
63
25.23
57a69
31.46
Bet. 1& 2y8
78
79
157
10
15
25
12.71
18.98
15.84
Bet. 2& 3'*
49
44
93
9
9
18
20.00
24.54
22.27
Bet. 3& 5"
48
52
100
5
10
15
14.16
19.23
16.68
Bet. 5&10"
38
48
86
2
3
5
5.26
6.25
5.75
Bet. 10 & 20 "
17
19
36
1
1
2
5.88
5.26
5.75
Bet. 20 & 30"
5
5
2
100
10
2
268
Over 30
Unknown. . . .
168
47
29
76
27.97
29.00
28.48
Total
858
795
1,653
281
254
536
32.75
82.07
82.86
39
TaAle No. 11.
DURATION OF TREATMENT OF THOSE RECOVERED FROM
THE BEGINNING.
Ddbatiok.
Less than 8 months
Between 8 and 6 months.
Between 6 and Id months.
Between 1 and 2 years . .
Between 2 and 8 years . .
Between 8 and 5 years . .
Between 6 and 10 yeass . .
Between 10 and 20 years . .
Between 20 and 80 years . .
Over 80 years ,
Unknown
Total.
NXTHBEB RBCOYERKD.
Average duration of treatment.
Male.
Female.
Total.
90
60
140
87
87
174
71
76
147
24
26
50
6
10
16
2
5
7
1
1
281
7-81 mos.
254
842 mos.
585
7-86 mos.
40
Table No. 12.
WHOLE DURATION OP DISEASE OF THOSE RECOVERED
FROM THE BEGINNING.
DUBATIOV.
Lefts Uian 8 months
Between 8 and 6 months.
Between 6 and 12 months.
Between 1 and 2 years. . .
Between 2 and 8 years. . .
Between 8 and 5 year6. .
Between 6 and 10 years . .
Between 10 and 20 years. . .
Between 20 and 80 years. . .
Over 80 years
Unknown
Total.
Average duration of disease.
NUMBER RBCOVEBSD.
Male.
80
48
80
46
18
8
6
1
1
49
281
12.47 mofl.
Female.
11
42
80
49
19
14
7
1
1
80
254
Total.
16^ mos.
41
90
180
95
82
82
12
2
2
79
j5;85
14.45 mos
41
Table No. 13.
NUMBER OP DEATHS FROM THE BEGINNING AND THE
CAUSES.
I^ATTRVA
IN THE YEAR.
FROM BEGINNING.
M.
P.
Total.
M.
P.
Total.
Phthisis Pulmonalis
6
8
1
6
8
4
9
28
12
2
4
1
9
2
28
20
6
1
8
2
1
1
1
4
1
8
1
2
1
"5 ■
1
1
87
Exhaustion from Chronic
Mania.
48
Exhaustion from Acute Mania.
Senile Exhaustion ;
8
18
8
Exhaustion of feeble or worn
out cases
7
Purpura
1
Epilepsy
1
1
14
Typho Mania ..,,...
4
Gastritis
1
Bonv Tumor of Brain
1
General Paralysis
5
i"
6
22
2
23
Marasmus
6
Puerperal Mania
i
1
Dvsenterv
1
1
5
2
8
8
Apoplexy
8
Suicide
1
1
5
Cerebro Spinal Meninifitis. . • •
1
Dropsy
1
1
1
1
■M^ M. •t^^tJJ •..•...........■.•■••.
Chlorosis
5
Gastro Enteric Fever
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
8
Valvular D isease of Heart
Phleinnonous Erysipelas
1
1
2
1
Orfiranic Disease of Brain
6
Peritonitis
1
1
2
Chronic DiarrhoBa
2
Inanition
2
Cystitis
1
Cvnanche Malimia
1
Total
11
14
25
112
90
202
42
Table No. 14.
AGES AT DEATH.
Ik
thieTbaik.
Fbox thx BBoimixiro.
AOES.
ft
Male.
Female
Total.
Male.
Female
Total.
Less than 15 years
»
1
Between 15 and 20 years
1
25
25
20
21
12
6
"24"
22
14
16
9
4
1
Between 20 and 80 yeais
Between 30 and 40 years
Between 40 and 50 years
Between 50 and 60 years
Between 60 and 70 years
1
2
5
2
5
8
1
4
1
6
5
6
6
1
1
49
47
84
87
21
Over 70 years
1
10
Total
11
14
25
112
90
202
Table No. 15.
RATIO OF DEATHS FROM THE BEGINNING.
Pkb Crar.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Of all admitted
18.05
11.82
12.18
t
Table No. 16.
REMAINING AT THE END OF THE TEARr-PROSPECT.
Curable
Incurable
Total
Male.
44
188
182
Female.
89
152
191
Total.
88
290
878
43
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44
DETAILED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES
F<yr the Tear Ending Septmber 80, )873.
Articles.
Amusbments.
Set croquet
Cards
Corn poppers
Checkers
Dramas
Drum heads
Cue tips
Excursion — steamboat . .
Fire works
Fishing tackle
Music
Masques
Paper — ^gilt and tissue . .
Row boat
Stereoscopticon views. . .
Tuning piano and organ
Violin repairs
Skate straps
Butter
Bbddxkg.
Feathers
Toilet quilts
Sheeting
Ticking
Batting
White curled hair
Blankets
Blankets
Qaantity.
Bboohs and Brushes.
Brooms
Whisks
Scrub brushes . .
Feather dusters.
Wall brushes . . .
Counter brushes
Sponges
Mop handles . . .
BLACKBMITHINa
25,550 fts
41Jfi)S
171
1,4261 yd
1,450 yd
12 fbs
150 lbs
50 pr
1, 094t Rs
4Jdo
Price.
Amonnt.
$9 00
16 80
1 50
1 00
1 45
7 00
8 00
11 00
45 08
2 50
135 00
1 45
5 64
20 00
214 55
5 00
7 40
4 75
152 H, 088 ^
$88 60
821 90
419 98
212 00
8 00
101 55
225 00
1,088 06
1128 75
4
28
00
19
18 50
10 80
1 00
47 16
15 40
$184 55
Total.
$492 12
i4i638'28
2,850 04
248 80
i84'55
45
Detailed Statement of Expenditures — continued.
Article.
Babn Expenses.
Robes
Duster
Horse blankets
Livery
String bells
Horse medicine
Axle grease
Board of horses in town
Lanterns
Hay ,
Bags
Rope
Whips
Curry combs
Cards
Ring
Strap yoke
Halter straps
Pole straps
Thimble skein
Shaft
Plow bolts
Mower repaired
Wagon repaired
OHEE8E
Crackers
Coffee. .
Clothino.
Crockery, Etc.
Tableware
Slop Jar
Ewers
Basins
Chambers '.
Bed pans
Lanterns
Lanterns, globes. .
Chimneys
Smoke bells
Jugs
Vegetable dishes.
Urns ,
Stand for urn
Quantity.
2
1
4
2}doz,
6
30
29 lbs.
2
2
8
2
1
1, 996^ lbs.
2,809^ lbs.
4,806 lbs.
1
18
6
84 doz
6
1} doz
2|doz
2 doz
8
1 d oz
9 setts
2
1
Price.
.14
.28}
Amonnt.
^ XrX
2
16
23
10
8
6
16
8
27
8
6
4
1
1
1
2
2
4
7
4
00
00
00
00
00
75
40
75
75
10
00
96
10
50
57
60
00
42
50
75
00
08
40
65
$279 87
$186 00
$1,014 97
$7,285 51
$204 88
5 00
10 25
4 50
182 50
6 75
17 40
11
2
2
50
50
25
10 00
45 00
14 00
1 50
Total.
$208 28
279*37
186*66
1,014 97
7,28551
46
Detailed* Statemdnt of Expenditures — continued.
ArticleB.
Crockery, ete.— continued.
Cutlery —
Ivory Ejiives
Knives and forks.
Tea spoons, iron ,
Carvers
Butter knixes
Steel
Tea spoons, plated. . .
Forks, plated
Butter Knives, plated
Castors, plated
Engraving
Dbuos, etc.
Drugs and medicine
Office bottles labeled
Marble Tile and Weights
Corks
Labels
EOGB
Elopers, returned .
Exchange
Flour.
Wheat
Buckwheat
Graham . . .
Fuel.
Indiana coal, at Chicago. .
Briar Hill coal. . . .do
Wilmington coal . .do
Btraitsvule coal, at Madison,
Freight and hauling
Rent of coal yard
Charcoal ,
Wood
Fruit.
Green-
Apples
Currants...
Cherries . . .
Cranberries.
quantity.
2 dz
15 dz
Hgr
6 pr
3 ...
2 ...
Price.
12 dz
9 dz
4 dz
2 dz
2
1000
8^ dz
6964^ dz .
bis.
5^ bis,
13i bis,
87Atns.
803i tns.
210| tns.
40^ViiS.
Amount.
121 00
35 00
11 75
13 00
2 10
1 60
89 09
48 00
8 60
9 00
15 00
1816 49
84 62
22 25
1 80
2 06
I 11}
169 bu..
444f cd..
286| bis.
8f bu..
^ bu..
8ibu..
5 674
7 12
6 00
5 28
5 07
4 00
8 32
28
8 81
2 69
1799 45
1112 40
177 66
%Z, 856 86
37 49
78 75
$197 98
4,078 83
842 00
411 82
8,792 35
80 00
48 12
1,695 75
1686 04
11 10
12 85
85 60
Total.
$666 53
927 22
799*45
112 -io
77 66
3,473 10
11,096 30
47
Detailed Statement of J^o^endfiYt^r^— continued.
Abtxclxs.
Fruit — Green^on —
Grapes
Lemons
Oranges
Plums
Raspberries
Stristwberries
Confectionery, etc. .
Peaches
Dried —
Apples
Currants, Eng
Citron
Figs
Prunes
Peaches
Raisins
Fbeioht ajxd Express
FuRNrruKB ajsd Housb Fuknishing.
Bird cages
Book case
Bedsteads, oak
Carpet, Brussels
Carpet, tap., ingrain
Carpet, matting
Carpet, rug
Chairs, dining :
Chairs, cane seat
Chairs, cane seat
Chairs, reception uphol . . . .
Chairs, Boston rockers ....
Chairs, walnut rockers ....
Chairs, oak rockers
Chamber set, walnut
Cribs
Curtains
Flower stand and jars
Framing;*
Lounge cover
Mirrors, French plate glass
Mirrors, small
Repairs and upholstery. . . .
Sink
Spittoons
Towelline
Rubber blankets
Tables, walnut
Tables, marble top, large . .
Tables, marble top, small. .
Quantity.
dOO lbs.
3ibu. .
ifbu".!
1,845 lbs.
255 lbs.
8 lbs.
2 bxs.
691 lbs.
172 lbs.
10 bxs.
AmouLt. Total
4
1
34
62
287
5^
4
1
8
1
1
2
2
1
10
6
yds.
yds
yds.
• « • •
doz.
doz.
• • • ft
doz.
doz.
1
23
1
4
,1851
doz.
yds.
2
2
1
$22 94
54 20
12 98
6
4
75
29
12 58
14 78
78 40
150 70
25 96
5
2
20
21
68 05
20 64
48 15
558 86
14 00
25 00
285 00
188 80
858 71
6 19
4 50
50 00
85 00
19 68
90 00
27 00
16 00
6 00
119 00
120 00
21 00
24 95
2 40
8 50
45 00
19 90
251 05
15 10
102 00
178 76
62 50
15 75
76 00
10 50
1896 86
310 91
558*86
48
Detailed Statement of ^^€n(]?t^r^-~contmued.
ABnCLBB.
Furniture — con.
Table legs
Tablecloth....
Table linen —
Table napkins.
Wire guard —
Kitchen-
Broiler
Tin 'dishes
Hen fmit cans
Coffee pots
Teapots
Kitchen tables —
Sausage cutter...
Gem irons
Coal hods
Wooden bowls . .
Mincing knives..
Steak pounders..
Bread knives
Milk strainers . . .
Ladles
Baskets
Crocks
Firkins
Dripping pans. ..
Iron spoons
Sieves
Rat trap
Brick
Repairing kettles.
Tinware
Fresh,
Fish.
Saltr-
Mackerel .
White fish
Cod
Fabm Expenses.
Seed wheat
Qarden seeds
Implements —
Scrapers
Wheelbarrows
Pitchforks
Hay forks
Garden rakes
Hay rakes
Quantity.
6 ....
624J ydV
11 doz
1 ....
13
13
3
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
3 .
4 .
3 .
34 .
10
3
4,964 lbs
33 hfbl
m'O • • • •
403 lbs.
80 bu
3
3
3
4
8
1
doz,
Price.
■ V • • • •
7 71
5 00^
06J
Amoant.
$3
3
196
35
113
90
75
98
00
04
$3
77
36
5
9
16
5
8
3
3
36
34
33
18
1
1
3
113
00
93
00
10
00
87
00
00
00
45
70
60
00
60
40
60
13
13
83
48
10
75
00
68
03
$388 71
$176
115
37
50
25
14
fl03
96
14
30
3
3
8
96
18
00
00
00
00
90
40
Total.
$3,478 46
397 86
388 71
318 89
49
Detailed Statement of JSxpenditures — continued.
Articles.
Farm i7iep«7i»0«— continued.
Implements —
Steeel scoops
Shovels
Spades
Hoes
Cultiyator
Cultivator shovels
Axes, helves and bit. .
Livery
Repairing implements
Hot bed sash
Sap pan..
Use of mower
Repairing mower.
Use of horse
Threshing
Paris green
Hay
Labor— extra ....
Gas Fixtubes
Glass.
Imfbovements.
New bam
Fencing
Lumber
New Road
New carriage
Painting
New steam pipe . . .
New laundry
Bath rooms — tiling
Repairs from fire. .
Moving building . .
Quantity
2 doz
i doz
i doz
1 doz
1
2
Price.
e^ lbs
4i tons
60 boxes
Imfroyino GBOUiffDe.
LiBRART.
Light.
Gasoline .
Kersosene
Lard oil..
Candles . .
4,526 gals
143igals
48|galB
80 lbs
10 28
26}
90
18
Amonnt.
(88 85
840
9 00
800
400
8 00
8 40
12 60
26 70
12 00
25 00
28 00
2 25
80 00
64 41
24 20
16 00
60 87
1868 68
$267 41
$2,854 88
644 80
1 .479 08
802 22
560 00
2,164 41
2.480 20
2,456 84
786 20
112 86
202 26
$70 00
$77 06
$1 ,052 79
88 61
48 66
10 40
Total.
$598 02
$858 68
$257*41
$18,882 24
$70 00
$77 06
$1,146 26
4— WiB. Hob.
(Doc 6.)
50
Detailed Statement of Expenditures — continued.
rArtlclea.
Nails, Etc.
Locks, bolts and screws.
LiQUOB.
Brandy . . . .
Whisky . . .
Wine
Cider
Wine, sour.
Beer
Lime, Saitb, Cement.
Lime .
8and . .
Cement
Lead, Iron, Zinc, Etc.
Lead
Iron
Zinc, solder, etc.
Meal
Meat.
Beef, on foot.
Beef, dressed.
Beef, dried...
Ham ,
Mutton
Tongues
Veal.
Miscellaneous.
Blacking
Bath brick
Bird seed
Clothes baskets . .
Clothes pins
Cutting ice
Dustpans
Hospital seal
Matches
Pails
Plants, flowering.
Restraints .......
Bash cord
Scales <
Quantity.
Price.
26} gls. %2 51
232} gls. 2 14
96} gls.
85 gls.
2 91
25
If doz 18 00
26 bu.
19 bis,
200 lbs.
17,772 lbs.
168,677 lbs.
1,823 lbs.
8} lbs.
171 lbs.
3,912 lbs.
1 doz
2
15 doz
1 doz
2 cas
24 doz
Amount.
$281 14
$252 50
498 98
280 84
21 20
31 50
25 00
$10 40
2 10
59 35
$25 00
11 67
25 01
09} $1,327 68
25
13^
04
74
4 00
$6,733 40
116 62
88
22 66
177 31
8 88
8 00
$17 88
3 50
2 97
7 40
1 15
28 50
2 25
5 75
13 65
69 00
12 60
110 00
6 40
900
Total.
$281 14
1, 109 62
71 85
61 68
1,327 68
$7,067 75
61
Detailed Statement <f Magpenditurea — continued.
Quantity.
Price.
Amount.
Total.
Mi$eeUaM0U9'-<ion,
Trunk , . r
$3 50
1 68
1 35
408
44 06
7 50
75
TPl^gTMIUfl .,...« r .,.,..- t .. T .
Tacks and hammer
Twine
Taxes
Trustees Liverv
Wicks
8 doz.
2 doz.
2 doz.
$351 97
NonoKS.
Brushes, hair
300
2 00
32 30
6 09
13 40
3 50
2 70
25 60
24 87
Brushes, shavinir
Combs
pins and 'N^e^dlep. , - r t
Razors and StroDs
12
Scissors
6
Shoestrinsrs
Thread '.
Toilet SoaD
113 55
Newspafers akd Periodicals
327 62
327 62
Otbtbbs.
nATifl
136 55
11 80
3 60
Cove
Sardines
l,251Jfbu..
4,284 lbs .
80^
151 95
Oats
378 21
""378'2i
Poultry
377 03
377 08
P(MTAOB Ain> Box Rekt
260 84
260 84
Patients Expenses Home . . .
197 96
197 94
Paints and On^
593 62
6 43
128 lbs.
2,381 lbs .
09K
1
600 05
Rice
229 88
229 88
Repairs.
Boilers and heatinsr aDoaratus .
1,472 31
1,661 29
62
Detailed StatemerU cf Expenditures — continued.
Rkfaiss.
General—
Vegetable Steamers.
Ck>pper steamers
Ck>yersfor steamers.
Percolators
Tin Steamers
Tin boilers
Stock boilers
Lareepans
Milk cans
Tin
To roof
To building
To carriages and harness.
To omnibus
Heatcart(new
SuoAB, Whitb.
Ck>ffee A .
Crushed . .
Pulverized
Brown . . . .
Small Grocebibs akd Spicb.
Allspice
Almonds
Baking powder
Bees wax
Cassia
Cloves . . .
Can. Citron
Candy for Christmas Eve
Farina
(Gelatine
Ginger
Indigo
Mustard
Maccarroni
Nutmeg
Orange peel
Pearl barley
Pickles
Pepper
Salt
Starch, clear
Starch, corn
Sage
Tapioca
(^lUAtlty.
8
8
8
8
4
4
1
8
2
Price.
976 ft.
212 lb.
240 %.
10,000 ft.
8 ft.
201 ft.
4 ft
20 ft.
2 ft.
10 doz
43 doz.
110 ft..
5{ ft..
52 ft..
49 ft..
25 ft..
225 ft.
183 ft.
44 bis
1,064 ft.
240 ft.
9 ft.
2 ft.
Amoimt.
• • • • •
13K
11-10
185 50
82 00
18 60
18 00
18 00
16 00
24 00
22 60
6 20
14 05
1227 80
135 00
48 20
1,217 67
28 09
83 00
1,114 67
$5 65
4 80
83 45
1 60
10 07
7 50
1 60
16 17
18 77
11 80
28 52
12 75
28 94
5 30
32 00
33
25
2
11
14 40
57 75
100 45
71 54
27 00
6 35
50
Total.
1847 75
269 90
624 81
406 60
2,393 88
569 49
58
Deiuiled Statetnent qf ^apenJi^rea— oontinued.
Aanoias.
SALABIB8, Officers.
Stbtjf
Soap.
Laundry
Concentated lye
Stock .
Straw.
Statiokert and Ink.
Indelible ink
Stationery and writing fluid.
Tea
Tools and IxpuEiasNTS
Tobacco
TRAYBLiNa Expenses
YlNEOAR
Ybgetables.
Beans
Potatoes
Green groceries
Wages.
Attendants, male. .
Attendants, female ,
Butcher
Baker
Ck)achman
Cook
Assistant cooks. . . .
Carpenter
Chambermaids . . . .
Chaplain
Engrmeer
Assistant engineer.
Fireman
Farmer
Quantity.
Prioe.
834 gal.
4,176 lbs .
65 box.
70 tons.
1,548 lbs..
668ilbs..
857i gals .
aOibus.
1,288 bus.
$5,556 46
.69i
18 44
.75
.55i
.m
Mi
17
16
1
1
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Amoiuit.
$225 80
$275 58
884 85
$859 00
$241 12
$26 50
201 89
$1,144 91
$168 62
$870 85
$284 29
$78 61
$81 84
810 25
70 55
TMaL
$4,296 07
2,584 40
882 50
455 00
800 00
400 00
796 14
888 87
240 00
806 00
900 00
480 00
210 00
600 00
$5,556 46
225 80
610 48
859 00
241*12
818 89
1,144 91
' i68'62
870 86
28429
" 78*61
912 15
54
Detailed Statement qf ^a;pefM7i^r«9— continued.
Articles.
TFa^««— continued.
Gardner .
Laborers and teamsters.
Launderer
Laundreses
Night watch, female . .
Night watch, male
Porter
Supenrisor
Sui>enisore8s
Waiters
Qa'nty.
Orders drawn by Trustees .
Total of orders drawn.
1
5
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
Amonnt.
1800 00
1,289 91
420 00
988 48
168 00
800 00
800 00
860 00
284 00
240 00
TotaL
117,884 87
4,947 21
1105,976 78
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN OF VISITING COMMITTEE.
Madison, Oct. 14, 1872.
To the Trustees of the Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane:
Gbntlemeit: — The monthly visiting committee for the last
six months have the honor to report that, as may be seen by
reference to their recorded visits, they have uniformly found
the hospital in a creditable condition; answering as they be-
lieve the full expectation of the trustees and the public. The
chairman desires for himself to say that he thinks there is need
of more employment, both physical and mental,. If it is desi-
rable to save the body, is it less so the mind? If the body will
rot from disease, so will the mind.
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN FAVILL,
Chairman of the Monthly Visiting Committee.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
To the Trustees qf the Wisconsin State Hospital for the
Insane:
The underaignedy Treasurer, respectfully presents this, his
annual report, for the fiscal year ending October 1, 1872.
At the commencement of the year there was a balance in the
treasiizyof 98,118 85
I have received during the year, from the State Treasurer,
the sum of 108,096 87
And from Dr. A. 8. McDlll, Superintendent 5,470 01
Making a total of 1111,084 78
I have paid out upon orders drawn by the Secretary, the
sum of 106,085 80
Leaving a balance in the treasury of $5,598 93
At the close of the year.
I herewith submit a detailed statement of the receipts and
disbursements.
Respectfully submitted,
SIMEON MILLS,
Madison, October 1, 1872. Treasurer.
AUDITING COMMIHEE'S REPORT.
To the Trustees of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane:
GENTLSifSK: — The auditing committee have made a careful
examinatioB of the financial records, books and vouchers of the
Secretary, Treasurer and Steward, corering the hospital expen-
ditures from Sept. 30, 1870, to Sept. 30, 1872, reviewing the ex-
tensions and footings of bills and accounts, and with the excep-
tion of some clerical errors <m the part of those presenting bills
against the hospital, we find the accounts are accurately kept,
the money appropriated for the use of the institution all fully
accounted for by the proper vouchers, and that the amount of
money in the hands of the of the treasurer at the latter date
above mentioned, was $5,598 93.
The committee take pleasure in commending the accuracy
and neatness of the books and papers of the book-keeper. Miss
McDill, not having detected the slightest error of any kind in
all her records, and we sincerely regret that she is so soon to
leave her office.
E. W. YOUNG,
W. R. TAYLOR,
F. J. BLAIR,
Auditing Committee.
Madisobt, Nov. 27, 1872.
SECRETARY'S FINANCIAL REPORT.
To the TrtMtees of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the In-
sane:
Gentlemen: — The Secretary would make the following state-
ment of the finances, as shown by his books for the year end-
ing September 30th, 1872:
On the first day of October, 1871, the books of the
Secretary showed a balance in the hands of the
Treasurer of
At that date there were outstanding orders that had
been drawn on the Treasurer ana credited to him,
not presented for payment, as follows :
No. 860, September 29th, 1870, Mr. Ryan
No. 818, February 7th, 1871, Mary Hoben. . . .
Number and date unknown
Amounting in the aggregate to
Which, added to the balance as shown above, makes
the actual balance in the hands of the Treasurer,
October 1st, 1871
1871.
Oct. 2
1872.
Feb. 27
Mchl2
April 2
May 14
July 1
July 16
July 80
Sept 80
The Treasurer has received as follows :
From the State Treasuer
From
From
From
From
From
From
From
From
the State Treasurer
the State Treasurer
the State Treasurer
the State Treasurer .,
the State Treasurer
A. S. McDill, superintendent.
A. S. McDlll, superintendent.
A. S. McDill, superintendent.
Orders have been drawn on the Treasurer during the year
amounting to
Which amount deducted from the receipts of the year, leaves
a balance in the hands of the Treasurer October Ist,
1871, of
12,945 62
172 78
$8, 118 85
120,000 00
18,446 37
15,850 00
26,860 00
9,100 00
17,860 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
8, 470 00
$111,512 00
1106,975 78
<6,686 22
59
Secretary's Financial Report — continued.
There are outstanding orders which have been credited to
the Treasurer not presented for payment, as follows :
No. 8«0, September 2»th, 1870 »87 44
Number and date unknown 25 27
Amounting to
Which added to the balance as shown by the boolu of the
Secretary ($5,586.52) makes the actual balance in the hands
of the Treasurer at this date
$62 71
$5,598 98
Herewith is presented a statement of the number and amount
of all orders drawn on upon the Treasurer during the past year
with the names of the persons and the purposes for which they,
were drawn.
Respectfully submitted,
SAMUEL D. HASTINGS,
Secretary.
Madison, October Ist, 1872.
60
LIST OF WARRANTS
Itiusdfcr ihs Tear ending September 80, 1873.
Date.
19
L9
L9
L9
19
19
9
9
9
187
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Oct. 81
Nov. 1
Not. 4
Nov. 4
Nov. 6
To whom and for what iBsned.
8. Mills, for advanced payment on land
Wm. R. Taylor, expenses as trustee
F. J. Blair, expenses as anditinj^ committee
£. W. Toung, expenses as auditing committee.
Dr. A. J. Wfufd, expenses as ch'm^n vis^g com. .
A. KentEler, Uverv
S. D. Hastings, salary as secretary
C. SeiberlinjF, retummg elopers
W. J. Park & Co., binding books
I. Dorman, straw
Steward, for current expenses
W. A. Oppel, fruit
W. J. & jf. Ellsworth, groceries
L. P. Goodchap, eggs, butter, etc
J. Pierce, exchange in horses
J. Lester, beef
Thos. Lynch, beef
Field, iJeiter & Co., dry goods
H. M. Wilmarth & Bro., gas fixtures
Steward, for current expenses
H. Berthelet & Co., sewer pipes
H. Sherman, beef
Chi. & N. W. Railway Co., freight on coal
Wm. Woodard, beef
Asa Brink, beef
Jas. Sherman, carpenter
Wm. Peckham & Sons, flour
L. O'Keiffe, butter
A. Gill, moving buildings
Chi. & N. W. Railway Co., freight on coal. . . .
A. S. McDill, Supt
E. G. Marshall, M. D. asst physician
R. M. Wiggenton, M. D., asst. physician
Narrie McDill, book keeper
M. C. Halliday, matron
A. M. Warren, farmer
W. J. Smith, carpenter
Wm. Bird, launaerer
J. Doyle, engineer
M. Doyle, fireman
E. O. Eng, baker
P. O'Malley, beef
Alex. Findlay, groceries and butter
Pollard & Nelson, painting
Thos. Holden, beef and apples
Wm. Woodard, beef and apples
M. Johnson, beef
Steward, current expenses
No.
Amount.
1
$202 60
2
80 00
8
20 00
4
11 00
5
22 00
6
10 00
7
50 00
8
40 00
9
42 80
10
40 68
11
1,000 00
13
87 85
18
67 26
14
40 05
15
100 00
16
81 75
17
88 25
18
495 40
19
129 25
20
1,000 00
21
121 00
22
55 00
28
1,090 00
24
77 84
25
102 87
26
40 00
27
475 00
28
48 80
29
200 00
80
2,024 00
81
500 00
82
88 88
88
88 88
84
50 00
85
66 66
86
50 00
87
75 00
88
85 00
89
75 00
40
50 00
41
40 00
42
82 80
43
975 77
44
188 12
45
47 10
46
42 28
47
40 12
48
1,000 00
61
List (f Warrant lestted — contintied.
1871.
Nov. 6
Nov. 8
Nov. 8
Nov. 9
Nov. 10
Nov. 10
Nov. 11
Nov. 11
Nov. 11
Nov. 13
Nov. 14
Nov. 14
Nov. 14
Nov. 15
Nov. 15
Nov. 16
Nov. 16
Nov. 15
Nov. 17
Nov. 17
Nov. 18
Nov. 18
Nov. 18
Nov. 17
Nov. 17
Nov. 25
Nov. 28
Nov. 30
Nov. 80
Nov. 80
Nov. 30
Nov. 80
Nov. 30
Nov. 80
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Dec. 2
Dec. 2
Dec. 8
Dec. 8
Dec. 12
Dec. 18
Dec. 15
Dec. 19
Dec. 80
Dec. 80
Dec. 80
Dec. 80
Dec. 80
Dec. 30
Dec. 80
Dec, 30
F. Menzedoch, hauling coal
D. O'Mally, butter
Wm. Jones, mason work
M. O'Mally, beef
Delaplain & Burdick, cows, etc
James W. Queen & Co., slides, etc
Steward, current expenses
J. H. Carpenter, 15 acres of land
Hiram Bacon, carpenter
M. C. Halliday, matron
P. O'Mally, apples
Madison Manufacturing Co., castings
Bobbins & Thornton, meal
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries
P. Dufl^r, butter
B. Veerhusen, stone and apples
S. Raymond, beef and oats
H. Fnnge, beef
M. Roth, beef
B. Verhusen, beef
(}eo. Green, apples
Chi. & N. W. R. R Co., freight
W. E. €k>odman, gas fixtures
Wm. Larkin, beef.
Rhodes & Co., coal
Wm. Woodard, beef and hide
William Jones, mason work
E. G. Marshall, assistant physician
R. M. Wigginton, assistant physician
Narrie NcDill, clerk
A. Warren, farmer
W. J. Smith, carpenter
Wm. Bird, Launaerer
John Doyle, fireman
M. Doyle, engineer
E. O.Eng, baker
Steward, current expenses
Ezra Sonres, carpenter work
Hiram Bacon, carpenter work
Steward, current expenses
John Davis & Co., pipes, etc
Wm. Wilson, horse power
R. Lynch, Mason work
P. L. Carman, feed steamer
Chi. & N. W. R. R. Co., freight
Steward, current expenses
Jacob Burgay, butter
Conklin & Gray, oats and cement
R. Harney & CJo., hardware, etc
John W. Eviston, repair on boler, etc
Morton <& Wakely, brick
Riley & Thompson, livery
E. W. Young, exp. as trustee and visitin com.
48 $8088
50 61 80
51 817 98
52 38 48
58 22400
54 206 30
55 1,000 00
56 1,500 00
57 58 50
58 138 32
59 45 00
60 45 95
61 55 00
62 62 59
63 45 10
64 99 30
65 45 28
66 6042
67 226 50
68 36 07
69 837 50
70 178 75
71 66 65
72 48 80
78 4,078 38
74 57 78
75 64 81
76 83 88
77 83 88
78 5000
79 50 00
80 75 00
81 35 00
82 50 00
88 75 00
84 4000
85 1,000 00
86 121 50
87 59 62
88 1,000 00
89 460 82
90 75 00
91 105 47
92 200 00
98 112 40
94 1,000 00
95 166 82
96 47 05
97 4002
98 301 94
99 4800
100 6 00
101 15 10
62
List of Warrants 7a«ue(f— continued.
1873
Jan. 12
Jan. 12
Jan. 12
Jan. 12
Jan. 12
Jan. 13
Jan. 18
Jan. 18
Jan. 28
Jan. 28
Jan. 28
Jan. 23
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 81
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 81
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 31
Jan. 81
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 12
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Feb. 19
Mar. 6
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
F. J. Blair, expenses as trustee
S. D. Hastings, three month's salary, Secretary
Hartford Steam Boiler Ins Co., ins. on boiler.
Wm. Graves, butter
Payroll for December
8. Williams, lime
A. M. Burke, gasoline
Curwin, Stoddart & Co., blankets and sheet'ng
E. P. Henikee & Co., robe.s
Eugene Hughes, wood
Thos. Re^an, gas fixtures
Doe & Miller, lumber
Bicker Crombie & Co., groceries
H. Friend and Bros., clothing
Sexton Bros. & Co., dry goods
Green & Button, drugs and medicines
J. N. Morton, medicine bottles
H. L. Eisen & Co., shirts, etc
Booth & Heineman, hats and caps
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Bobbins & Thornton, flour and meal
Madison Woolen Mills, blankets
J. B. ShannoQ, locks and keys
Northwestern Manufacturing Co., steamers . . .
John N, Jones, hardware
Atkins, Steele & White, boots and shoes
W. A. Oppel, oysters, etc
Hiram Bacon, meal
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries
A. M. Burke, gasoline
Pay-roll for January
J. C. Johnson, beei.
Atwood & Culver, printing
M. Roth, beef
Chicago & N. W. Railway, freight
Wm. Wilson, beef
H. P. Bacon, meai
Wm. Woodard, ten acres of land
J. C. Schette, balance on ten acres of land
Wm. Woodard, wood
Madison Manuf. Co., casting. . .■
Wolcott, Smith & Co., gasolme
Jones & Sumner, hardware
Thomas Casey, straw
N. W. Furniture Co., cribs
B. Yeerhusen, wood
John A. Doyle, wood
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Dunning & Sumner, drugs and medicines. . . .
S. Elauber & Co., dry goods
Bobbins'^ Thornton, flour and meal
C. H. Arnold, beef, etc
Pollard & Nelson, painting, etc
102 121 60
108 60 00
104 112 60
105 66 36
106 1 ,692 81
107 93 10
108 178 68
109 367 48
110 44 00
111 46 00
112 188 63
113 294 69
114 1,772 59
115 1,295 75
116 636 89
117 607 36
118 84 62
119 94 00
120 118 88
121 486 98
122 471 87
123 769 88
124 80 00
126 136 60
126 72 78
127 595 23
128 187 63
129 69 86
130 487 98
181 190 48
182 2,009 96
188 922 62
184 823 75
135 864 99
136 98 74
187 69 65
138 127 58
139 1,000 00
140 804 00
141 514 75
142 64 79
143 55 82
144 58 90
145 60 82
146 120 00
147 128 00
149 689 00
149 178 52
150 688 47
150 618 32
152 774 13
163 268 00
154 860 42
63
Xfiet qf Warrants laeued — continued.
1872
Mar. 9
Mar. 9
Mar. 9
Mar. 9
Mar. 80
Mar. ao
Mar. 30
Mai. HO
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Apr. 4
Apr. 4
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr. 80
Apr. 80
May 6
May 6
May 6
8
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Pay roll for February
Lyman Bacon, meal
Geo. Mock, beef
John Paton, beef.
J. B. Pradt, chaplain
R. P. Hay, beef
John Larch, butter and egsn
John Davis & Co., ^as ana water fixtures ....
Chicago and Wilmington Coal Company, coal
Bunker & Yroman, lumber
R. L. Qarlick, crockery
Blair & Persons, crockery
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods
Allen & Mackey, carpets
Chicago and Kortwestem Ry. Co., freight ....
P. Downey, beef
J. E. Fisher, flimiture
E. M. Cooper, beef
Ricker, Ober & Co., groceries
Green & Button, drugs and medicines
Chicago and Northwestern Ry Co., freight . . .
U. D. Mihills & Co., posts
Robbins & Thornton, flour and meal
Pay roll for March
John Howe, seed wheat
Pollard & Nelson, painting
John Larch, butter and eggs
J. L. Schuman, marble tile
Chicago and Northwestern Ry. Co., freight. . .
L. J. Farwell, rent of farm
S. Mills,abstract of title and recording of deeds
Riley & Thompson, livery
A. ^entzler, livery
M. H. Irish, entertainment of State Board of
Charities of Illinois
Riley & Thompson, livery, Dr .Marshall's funU
D. Fitch, casket and fun. exp do
8. D. Hastings, three months salary as Sec^* •
E. W. Young, expenses as Trustee
N.W.Tel.Co.,tel. Dr. Marshall's sick, and death
Riley & Thompstm, livery
W. K. Taylor, expenses as Trustee
W. J. Smith, two small houses. . . .
Kellogg & Harris, potatoes
M. Zwicky, soap
John Black, liquors
McFetridge, Burchard A Co-, blankets
Chicago and Wilmington Coal Company, coal
Steward, current expenses
Evans, Stlllman & Co., wire work
Samuel W. Pack, beef
Alex. Findlav, groceries
D. B. Lyon, lumber
juyc
l,Le
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods,
155 11,962 56
156 208 25
157 814 25
158 105 75
159 150 00
160 I 42 00
161 60 78
162 95 87
168 416 00
164 800 08
165 70 40
166 184 87
167 129 53
168 166 87
169 268 20
170 49 28
171 910 05
172 44 61
178 1,205 94
174 506 51
175 224 05
176 68 15
177 875 81
178 1,921 51
179 79 84
180 278 92
181 60 28
182 866 20
188 50 88
184 300 75
185 83 85
186 6 00
187 8 00
188 26 87
189 80 00
190 188 00
191 60 00
192 7 35
193 50 14
194 4 00
195 16 00
196 200 00
197 232 32
198 117 00
199 384 03
200 268 18
201 426 00
202 1,00000
208 112 04
804 60 69
205 397 52
206 206 08
207 1,077 91
64
List of WarranU Issued— oontimxed.
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1872.
May 6
May 6
May 6
May 6
May 6
May 7
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May 20
May 26
May 25
May 81
May 81
May 81
June 4
June 4
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 6
June 17
June 17
June 17
June 17
June 17
June 17
June 17
June 26
June 26
June 28
June 28
June 28
Sune28
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
Ricker, Crombie & Co., groceries
Bobbins & Thornton, flour and meal
R L. Garlick, crockery, etc
Geo. P. Taylor, boots and shoes
Chicago and N. W. Railway Co., freight
Madison Manufacturing Co., circular saw, etc.
Pollard & Nelson, painting
Steward, current expenses
W. A. Oppel, oysters, lemons, etc
Ole Leviston, heef
Pay roll for April
J. Jameson, beef
H. J. Spauldlng, beef :
R. Caldwell, potatoes
John Larch, eggs and butter
R. Lynch, mason work
Mary Hoben, butter
T. £. Bird, carria^ and repairs
L. Stowe, beef and cheese
D. Robertson, beef
J. H. D. Baker, seed
Conklin & Gray, cement, etc
John McMurren, beef
Chicago and N. W. Railway Co., wood
Clark & Mills, drugs, etc
Pollard & Nelson, patnting
Robbins & Thornton, flour and meal
Steward, current expenses
S. Klauber & Co., dry goods
A, Pindlay, groceries
Pay roll for May
J. Keady, potati.>es, etc
Sorenson & Frederickson, cabinet work
Chicago and N. W. Railwaw Co., freight ,
R. L. Garlick, crockery
M. Joachim & Co., hardware
Blair & Persons, table ware, etc
Thos. O'Malley, beef
John Larch, butter and eggs
Jas. E. Fisher, chairs
Eenley (& Jenkins, gasoline
J. H. Weed & Co., lumber
Field, Leiter & Co., hair and shades
Bunker <& Vroman, lumber
D. Robinson, oats
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Pollard & Nelson, painting
Robbins & Thornton, flour and meal
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries
R Caldwell, beef
John N. Jones, hardware
Chicago and N. W. Railway Co., freight
A. Findlay, groceries
208
1856 52
209
864 78
210
158 58
211
212 50
212
116 21
218
71 40
214
885 12
215
1,000 00
216
44 55
217
89 68
218
2,035 74
219
109 70
220
42 46
221
58 94
222
42 55
228
283 50
224
45 82
225
648 19
226
184 12
227
263 05
228
53 86
229
91 85
280
110 00
281
265 00
282
87 71
233
480 86
284
377 60
235
1,000 00
286
165 68
237
287 29
238
1,945 27
239
67 16
240
45 58
241
182 57
242
105 15
248
410 85
244
50 28
245
106 45
248
104 88
247
125 18
248
191 80
249
539 20
250
122 55
251
501 24
252
48 91
258
410 11
259
146 05
255
408 87
256
155 15
257
212 61
258
81 58
259
68 00
260
218 87
65
ItisC of Warrants Issued— continued.
Date.
1872
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 2
July 12
J^ly 12
July 12
July 12
July 12
July 12
July 12
July 12
July 12
July 31
July 31
July 31
July 31
July 31
July 31
July 31
July 81
July 81
July 31
July 31
Aug. 1
Aug. 2
Aug. 2
Aug. 2
Aug. 2
Aug. 2
Aug. 2
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 9
Aug. 0
Aug. 12
Aug. 13
Aug. 15
Aug. 16
Aug. 22
Aug. 24
Aug. 34
Aug. 10
Aug. 24
Aug. 24
Aug. 29
Sept. 2
Sept. 2
Sept. 2
Sept. 2
To whom and on what accoont imid.
Clark & Mills, drugs, etc
Thos. Regau, gas fixtures
Pay roll lor June
Steward's current expenses
W. A. Oppel, fruit, etc
C. H. Arnold, mutton
John Larch, butter and eggs
D. Robertson, beef
C. A. Belden, plated ware, etc
P. R. Tierney, flour
Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co., freight
Wm. Woodard, beef, etc
D. 0»Mally, beef
James Baxter, beef
F. Barnes, steamboat expenses for Supts. Ins. .
B. Jefferson, coaches do
Wm. Dunn, omnibusses do
M. M. Dorn & Co., livery do
A. Kentzler, livery do
Riley & Thompson, livery do
E. W. Young, trustee and member of com
S. D. Hastings, 3 months salary as secretary . .
Richard Clement, artificial leg for patient
E. W. Youne, per diem as member of com . . .
Wm. R. TaWor, exp. as trustee and mem. com
Robbins & Thornton, flour and meal
M. Friend, coats, pants, etc
M. Joackim & Co., hardware
Ricker, Crombie & Co., groceries
Curwan, Stoddert & Co, boots, etc
A. Findley, paints, etc
Chas. E. Morgan, dry goods
Dunnmg & Sumner, drugs, etc
A. F. Waltzidger, fire works, etc
John B. Wiser, repairs on carriage
S. Klauber & Co., dry goods
L. O'Keife, beef
Pay roll for July
A. Collidge, mutton
P. Downey, beef
John S. Fisher, restraints
D. O'Mally, beef
Wm. Woodard, beef
G. W. Baxter, beef
John Davis & Co, gas fixtures, etc
Steward's current expenses
F. A. Stoltze, shoes etc
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Co., freight
Field, Leiter & Co., drj' goods
Patrick Roach, beef
A. Findley, groceries '
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Robbins & Thornton, flour and feed
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
288
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
395
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
810
311
312
813
Amount.
$75 65
75 95
1,923 48
1,000 00
72 18
56 10
57 00
127 07
124 50
71 79
62 74
110 76
162 00
112 40
8 00
15 00
18 00
16 00
66 00
53 00
37 60
50 00
76 45
9 00
28 50
199 50
207 00
91 30
1,053 88
262 50
78 44
56 65
99 56
47 81
135 00
58 11
78 64
2,028 01
61 57
94 10
110 00
158 00
135 00
169 60
249 06
1,000 00
43 40
139 18
440 39
68 00
126 26
155 23
394 51
5 — Wis. Hos.
(Doc. 6.)
66
List of Warrants Issued — continued.
Date.
To whom and for what i}>jtued.
6
6
6
6
6
1872.
Sept. 2
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept. 10
Sept. 10
Sept. 11
Sept. 11
Sept. 11
Sept. 11
Sept. 11
Sept. 12
Sept. 12
Sept. 12
Sept. 14
Sept. 14
Sept. 14
Sept. 20
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept, 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept, 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sepi. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Clark & Mills, druirs and groceries
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, whisky, etc
Wm. Miller, threshing *.
J. P. Bacon, l^eef
Chicago and N. W. R. R. Co., freight
P. Keifer, beef
Pay roll for August
J. H. Welch, beef
Smith, Roundy «fe Co., groceries
H. Friend & Bro., clothing
H. L. Eison & Co., shirts
R. Haney & Co., hardware
Green & Button, drugs, etc
M. H. Wheeler, beef
David Robinson, beef
John Davis & Co., pipe
P. Keifer, beef
John B. Wiser, hand cart and repairing
Chicago and N. W. R. R. Co., freight
Kenly & Jenkins, gasoline
George F. Taylor, boots and shoes
Chicago and N, W, R, R. Co., freight
W. A. Oppel, fruit and oysters
John N. Jones, hardware
Blair & Persons, crockery, etc
Duff & Campbell, window glass
R. Haney & Co., truck castors
B. Kohner, clothing
Crane Bro. Manuf. Co., flues and pipe
H. L. Eison & Co., shirts
Pay roll for September
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Thomas Welch, beef
Pat. Roach, beef
R L. Garlick, crockery
Robbins & Thornton, flour and meal
Dunning & Sumner, dru^s, etc
Clark & Mills, drugs, paints, etc
Madison Manufacturing Co., castings, etc . .
A. Findlav, coffee
James E. Fisher, furniture
A. S. McDill, M. D., sundry expenses
E. W. Keyes, stamped envelopes
John Davis & Co., steam pipe, etc
Waldron, Niblock & Co., hardware
M. Joachim & Co., hardware
Conklin & Gray, coal, salt and cement
Rev. J. B. Praat, chaplain si-rvices
No.
314
315
:mo
317
318
319
330
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
300
361
Amount.
f
1136 30
73 80
04 98
98 00
10« 75
42 50
2,020 01
163 60
381 20
1,210 00
154 00
37 85
142 00
122 00
77 52
1,779 67
95 00
42 20
153 99
241 01
223 70
195 18
52 35
235 78
66 65
268 11
42 00
271 89
194 75
111 75
2,256 88
136 02
123 87
36 00
33 65
868 89
2« 95
105 60
270 33
40 38
29 75
72 15
51 10
1,271 14
197 93
156 13
548 17
132 00
$105,975 78
DOCUMENT No. 7.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BUILDING COMMISSIONERS
OP THE
Nortfiern Hospital for the Insane,
OP THE
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
For the year ending September 30, 187^.
Office of Building Commissioners
OF THE NOBTHERK HOSPITAL FOR THE InSANE,
Os^KOSH, October 1, 1872.
To his Excellency, C. C. Washbitrn,
Governor of Wisconsin:
Honored Sir: — ^With pleasure we 'comply with the require-
ment of law in submitting this Second Annual Report of Build-
ing Commissioners of the Northern Hospital for the Insane.
It is deemed unnecessary to repeat entirely the former report,
but taking a few figures therefrom as a basis, the progress of
the past year will be succinctly reviewed, and a few suggestions
considered important for the interests of the Institution pre-
sented.
126,000 00
2
. Appbopbiations have been made as follows, viz:
1870.
For locating and securing site and commencing the build-
ing 1125,00000
1871.
For completing north winff $44,000 00
For sewerage, air ducts ana water 8,000 00
For kitchen, laundry and engine house 48 ,500 00
For heating, laundry and culinary apparatus. 25,500 00
1872.
For central tuilding f{91,800 00
For lighting, fixtures and furniture 31 ,500 00
For bams, tencos and roads, etc 6,700 00
For purchase of land 2,000 00
182,000 00
Total appropriations $383,000 00
Contracts have been awarded as follows, viz:
1871.
Feb. 2. For construction of six north wings, Messrs. Rey-
nolds & Fellenz '. $146,581 80
Aug. 16. Messrs. Reynolds & Fellenz, kitchen, laundry and
engine house 47,565 00
Aug. 16. Sewerage and air ducts, Messrs. Reynolds & Fel-
lenz 6,993 00
1872.
May 7. Central building, Messrs. Fish, Stephens & Co. . . 72,445 00
May 15. Heating, laundry and culinary apparatus, Messrs.
Jno. Davis & Co., including central building. 33 ,000 00
June 24. Two bams, L. G. Alger 8,300 00
July 3. Bam foundation walls, Messrs. Fish & Stephens. 400 00
July 26. Gas works, I. H. Walker 6,600 00
Total $316,884 80
Of the $125,000 appropriated in 1870 $2,976 96
was paid to the locating commissioners, and for the site,
337.66 acres 10,000 00
$12,976 96
(In addition to which the city of Oshkosh paid for the land about $16,000.)
Leaving only $112,023.04 to the credit of the building commissioners.
The cost of plans and architect's superintendence is in addi-
tion to contract price, being five per cent, thereon. All ex-
penses of commissioners are in addition also.
3
Estimates have been made and approved as follows, viz:
On north wings $148,076 87
15 per cent, retained, 121,461.53.
Kitchen, laundry and engine house 41 ,107 47
15 per cent, retained, 16,179.62.
Sewerage and air ducts, in flill ^ 6,998 00
Central building 87,770 85
15 per cent, retained, $5,665.63.
Heating, laundry and culinary apparatus 31 ,280 65
15 per cent, retained, $4,692.10.
Two bams, in full 8,800 00
Foundations for bams, in full 400 00
Carpenter and mason work pertaining to heating and laun-
dry apparatus, but not included in Jno. Davis & Co.^s
contract 1,706 05
15 per cent, retained, $255.91.
On account of artesian well 100 00
To architect and superintendent. ) iq mx at
Wholeamount paid, $12,563.55. . J ia,uio »4
The contract for gas works stipulated for completion and
satisfactory test of the gas supply before any payment. Con-
tract was made with Mr. Allen to drill a six inch artesian bore
to a depth of 150 feet at $5 per foot, and %% 50 per foot ad-
ditional for the portion above the rock requiring wrought
iron tube. The depth of 110 feet has been reached, 65 feet
through hard lime rock, water rising in the tube within 8 feet
of the surface.
Since September 1, 1871, to October 1, 1872, the aggregate per-
sonal expenses of Building Commissioners are $2,859 05
Paid for surveying boundary lines ^ 10 25
Paid for surveying building and bam lines j[i 00
Stationery and postage $8 50, telegrams $8 80 11 80
Legfkl advice respectmg contracts and estimates 80 00
Livery bills $28, notices protecting trees $1 24 00
Blank book $2 40, blank proposals $5 740
Advertising for bids on rear buildings 98 00
Advertising central building and heating, etc 186 60
$8,179 10
Miscellaneous items reported in 1871 $1 ,117 44
Commissioners* expenses reported in 1871 1 ,691 73
$2,809 17
The farming land proper upon the premises was in very poor
condition at the time the state came into possession; the only
pastures being wood lots, no meadow lands, and all the fences
and buildings in most dilapidated condition, consequently but
slim showing could be expected in the agricultural department.
With proper management, however, in due time the place will
doubtless afford good returns for labor, and is capable of becom-
ing a desirable and profitable farm; though, of course^ other
and more important considerations prompted the selection of
the site, which, for the purposes desired, is proving admirable
in its various adaptations.
It seemed for the interests of the state to " let " the arable
land upon " shares " till such time as the hospital required the
use of it, retaining such control of the premises as would fully
protect the property of the state. The season of 1871 proved
quite unfavorable in this section for cereals, owing to the ex-
treme wet of l-he seeding time, and subsequent early hot
weather. The returns to the state consisted of —
225>i bushels of wheat, sold at |1.12 1253 78
56 bushels of oats (reserved for seed.)
88J^ bushels of shelled corn, sold at 40 cents 35 40
Small amounts of wild hay, unripe buckwheat, wheat straw
unthreshed, potatoes and some pasturage items, were turned
over to the farmer in payment for services in watching the tim-
ber, sand, gravel, etc., on the state land — ^upon which certain
of the public seemed quite inclined to depredate — and making
some fence about the grounds not otherwise paid for.
The season of 1872 proved too extremely hot and dry for the
best results; however the returns are an improvement upon last
year, viz:
Wheat, 1Q0}4 bushels, good q[uality, on hand.
Oats, 340 bushels, gooa quality, on hand.
Beans, 6 bushels, on hand.
Potatoes, 12 bushels on hand.
Hay, 16 tons, clover and timothy (estimated), on hand.
}^ of about 5 acres of com, not husked, on hand.
}4 of about 2 acres of buckwheat, not threshed, on hand.
Bills pasturing collected $24 00
Bills pasturing yet due 105 00
$129 00
5
Paid for seed wlieat(3»^ share) |52 50
Seed oats crop of 1871.
OUier seed furnished by farmer.
Paid farmer for labor about hospit^il grounds, fencing, cleaning
off brush and building approach to grain bam 20 90
Land plaster for clover field 10 00
Damage paid for trespass by stock pastured on stiitc land 7 00
^90 40
The .dilapidated condition of fences, together with the contin-
ual throwing down'about the hospital buildings, entailed great
labor upon the farmer and much annoyance to the commission-
ers, rendering the pasturage much less available than if other-
wise. Two miles of good substantial board fence is an impera-
tive necessity upon the place at once, in order to secure the
products of the land and keep in safety the stock upon the
farm.
The north wings will probably be completed about the first
of November, ready for furnishing, and arc in many respects
creditable to architect and builders.
The • rear buildings, comprising kitchens, bakery, laundry,
amusement room and dormitories, also engine and boiler house,
and fan room, are well advanced, giving promise of completion
on or before the first of December next.
The central building has been somewhat delayed on account
of difficulties encountered by the contractors in obtaining cut
stone; but the contractors manifest commendable energy in the
prosecution of the work, and hope to get it safely inclosed
during the month of November. Their contract requires them
to finish the job by the first of January next.
The heating works are nearly ready for testing, waiting only
for the builders to get out of the way. The job seems to be a
fine one, and gives, promise of gratifying success.
Th^gas works are so far advanced as to afford assurance of
early completion, and will undoubtedly be ready for the trial
test before the buildings are completed.
The water supply is still involved in doubt, yet it is hoped a
flowing well may soon reward our exertions, and prove a benefi-
cent boon to the Institution. The water question must needs
be solved before opening the Hospital for patients.
6
The fitting up of the grounds about the Hospital, as contem-
plated this season, has been prevented by delay in completing
the buildings and removing the rubbish. Some of the necessary
underdraining will be done yet this fall, and, perhaps, some
work upon the road ways.
In the way of furnishing the buildings much time and thought
have been expended, and some necessary travel. Contracts have
been made for the woolen blankets with Messrs. Burchard, Mc
Fetridge & Co. of Beaver Dam; for the hair mattresses, with
Messrs. A. T. Stewart & Co. of New York. Other contracts are
pending and will be executed at an early day.
No reason presents why the Hospital should not be rendered
available for its intended use by the first of January next, pro-
vided prompt legislatiye action is taken upon appropriations
required for operating expenses.
It is upon careful and mature deliberation recommended, that
the final completion of the hospital be secured as soon as possi-
ble, by the" erection of the south wiijgs — designed for the use of
the male patients— during the year 1873. Among many reasons
for this, the suggestion of a few will suffice: Economy will be
secured thereby, as all the appliances for bmlding, belonging
to two separate sets of contractors are now upon the grounds,
including expensive railroad switch tracks, docks for unloading
sail and steam vessjls, tramways, derricks and other hoisting
machinery, besides wagons, teams, tools, temporary wells and
buildings incident to, and necessary for the handling of such a
job; also the disbanding and regathering of suitable artisans and
laborers is an item of some weight.
It is estimated by competent parties that a saving would be
effected to the state of at least $20,000 by a continuous prosecu-
tion of the work, as against a suspension of it for a year or
more. The unavoidable annoyance and inconvenience to the
inmates and managers of such an institution beyond almost any
other, by the intrusion of an army of strange workmen with the
din of labor, is well worth consideration. The necessary delay
in fitting up the grounds about the hospital, or the worse de-
struction of them if fitted up, is an important item. Last, though
7
not least, is the consideration of the fact that the interests of
the unfortunate class to be cared for and cured, urgently demand
a speedy completion of the whole structure; which fact might be
forcibly enlarged upon to the extent of pages; but the readiness
of our people to assist the unfortunate renders it unnecessary.
Some further expenditures upon farm and grounds are indis-
pensable, as for stock of horses, cows, swine, poultry, etc.; also
sundry vehicles, implements and machinery, drainage, road
making, fencing and outbuildings.
The water supply, including necessary reservoirs, will more
than exhaust the balance of the specific appropriation made for
that purpose in connection with sewerage and air ducts. Its
paramount importance forbids delay or the withholding of any
necessary expenditure.
Attention is respectfully called again to the portion of our
last yearns report pertaining to the additional twenty acres of
land contiguous to the hospital grounds upon the north, for the
purchase of which $2,000 were judiciously appropriated by the
last legislature. The commissioners have labored faithfully to
effect the purchase of the desired strip of land, but their efforts
have been unavailing; the owner asks $200 per acre for a piece
of wild land without improvement, situate about five miles from
the city, while well-tilled farms, with fine buildings and good
fences, immediately adjoining, and even within the city limits,
can be bought for $100 per acre. Therefore it is recommended
that immediate steps be taken by the proper authorities to con-
demn the land for state purposes, and thus pay its real value.
The estimated amounts required suitably to carry out the
foregoing recommendations, are as follows, viz:
For south wings |161 ,000 00
For heating south wings, including boilers 18,500 00
For furnishing for 200 additional patients 12 ,000 00
For improvement of grounds, garden and orchard, farm
stock, implements, etc., and vehicles for hospital 8,000 00
For gas fixtures, air duct, water supply pipes and sewerage. 7,850 00
For operating expenses of hospital for one year 48,000 00
ToUl 1255,350 00
8
For further partieulars and itemized statements we refer to
the more carefully prepared report of the architect and super-
intendent, Col. S. V. Shipman, whose experience in the prepara-
tion of plans and supervision of their execution fit him for the
responsible position occupied. His share in the work is duly-
appreciated and acknowledged by the commissioners.
Realizing the importance of preparing the hospital for use as
soon as may be, and haying some idea of the preparatory labor
requisite by those duly authorized under the law, we most re-
spectfully suggest the early appointment of the Board of
Trustees, upon whom also will devolve the unfinished task which
it has been the earnest desire and watchful care of the present
Board faithfully to perform, regardless of any personal incon-
veniences or annoyances, (of which there have been not a few)
if only the interests of the state might be subserved; the re-
sults we speak not of, save to express the belief that they are
worthy of all the cost, and hope for their endurance long after
those who have labored to secure them shall be forgotten!
Thanking yoti, kind sir, for the ever hearty interest and cor-
dial co-operation manifested in behalf of this most beneficent
work, this, our second annual report, is
Respectfully submitted,
E. M. DANTFORTH,
D. W. MAXON,
A. M. SKEELS,
Building Commissioners,
OsHKOSii, October 1, 1872.
REPORT OF ARCHITECT AND SUPERINTENDENT.
To the Board of Building Commissioners of the Northern
Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane.
Gentlemen: — I have the honor to submit "this second an-
nual report of the progress made in the construction of the
new Hospital building, and its surroundings, together with
^ such suggestions as appear to me proper to be made ^t this
time, in regard to the future.
Since the last annual report, the north wings have been
fully enclosed, the plastering completed, the joiners' work,
plumbing, gas piping, painting and glazing, and steam heating,
are in such a state of forwardness, that there now appears to be
a reasonable assurance that before the end of October, this por-
tion of the main edifice will be fully completed and ready for
occupancy.
The walls of the rear building, which contains the kitchen,
store rooms, laundry, boilers, engine, and apartments for domes-
tics and employes, have been completed, the slate roof put on,
and the plastering has so far advanced as to warrant the belief
that this portion of the work will be completed before the close
of the month of November.
It is due to the Contractor to say, serious difiBculties have
been encountered in obtaining a supply of brick suitable for
the exterior walls of the building, by reason of the extraordi-
nary demand for this commodity, created by the burning and re-
building of Chicago; nearly all of last years' stock having been
absorbed by that market, during last fall and winter, at greatly
2— Nob. Hos. (Doc. 7.)
10
advanced rates; in consequence of which a limited supply
only was obtained until after new brick had been manufactured.
For this reason, principally, the walls were not completed until
much later in the season than was contemplated at the end of
last year.
The subterranean air ducts have been completed, and the
large and substantial brick sewer from the building to the lake
shore has been laid, on a grade of not less than one foot fall m
every hundred feet in length, which leaves no foundation for
doubts on the subject of having perfect and reliable drainage
for the institution. The laying of sewer pipe for surface drain-
age has also been provided for, and will, without doubt, be com-
pleted before the middle of November. The underground con-
duits for cohveying the rain water from the roofs into the large
cisterns are also being put down.
The construction of the central building and connections,
authorized by the Legislature of last winter, was commenced
immediately after the passage of the law, and has, under the
contract of Messrs. Fish, Stephens, Sorrensen & Co., been carried
forward with commendable energy and success, until the walls
have been raised to the window sills of the third story, and no
g^od reason is known why this portion of the main Hospital
building shall not be roofed in and fully enclosed before the
middle of November.
The heating, ventilating, laundry and culinary apparatus,
which is being put in under the contract of Messrs. John Davis
& Co., is rapidly approaching completion, and steam will be let
into the coils, for testing the same, within a short time.
All rooms in the Hospital building will be warmed by indi-
rect radiation, with the addition of coils for direct radiation
in all bathrooms, where a higher temperature is at times requi-
site. Pure and fresh air, forced into chambers containing coils
of steam pipe, by the fan, is warmed, and conducted by flues
directly into the rooms and corriders, controlled by valve regis-
ters. The system of ventilation adopted and carried out, is a
combination of the exhaust and forcing principles. In the or-
dinary working of the apparatus, as arranged, every inmate of
11
the Hospital will be supplied with six hundred cubic feet of
fresh air every hour, day and night, which quantity may be in-
creased or decreased as the Medical Superintendent may
direct.
The gas works adopted by the Board of Commissioners are
warranted by the Contractor to supply the whole institution
with fixed gas, of twenty candle-power, manufactured from pe-
troleum. Of the merits of this particular method of manufac-
turing gas, I cannot speak; but it is hoped the assurances given
by the Contractor will be verified.
There being no springs or running streams upon the Hospi-
tal farm, or near enough to be made available for supplying
water for the institution, various plans were discussed for ob-
taining the requisite supply; and, in view of the fact that a
large number of artesian wells in the city of Oshkosh and vicin-
ity were furnishing large quantities of pure soft water, it was
deemed economical and for the best interests of the State that
this method of obtaining water should be tried before resorting
to the more expensive plan of pumping it from Lake Winne-
bago. A favorable contract was therefore entered into with
Henry Allen, he being the lowest bidder, for sinking an artesian
well of six inch bore, convenient to the engine room, in which
are- located the pumps for forcing water to the iron tanks in the
attic of the Hospital buildings.
The tubing was driven to the rock, a distance of thirty-six
feet from the surface of the ground. The boring has necessa-
rily progressed slowly, on account of the extreme hardness of
the rock. At first, water stood in the tubing within fourteen
feet of the surface, but on reaching the stratum of sand rock,
at the depth of one hundred ten feet from the surface, the water
rose four feet higher; and, while no adequate test has been
made, for want of steam power, a considerable quantity of water
may be relied on from this bore, if used as a pumping well, in
case a flowing well be not secured by going a reasonable
depth. The depth of one hundred and eleven feet has now
been reached, and the indications seem to be favorable for a
flowing well. Should this not prove a success after going a
12
«
reasonable depth, then resort should be had to pumping from the
lake, by which means an undoubted supply may be obtained.
The north wings and the rear buildings are now so nearly
completed that it is entirely safe to say the Hospital may be
opened for the reception of patients on the first day of January
next. Should the central building, which is designed specially
for the officers and visitors, not be fully in readiness by
that time, temporary accommodations for them will be found
in wing " F " immediately adjoining. No reason is known why
the furniture, bedding, table ware, etc., may not be in readiness
to allow the opening at the time named.
The estimates for work done by Contractors to the close of the
fiscal year (Sept. 30) 1872 are as follows: —
North win^s (Messrs. Reynolds & Fellens) $143,076 87
Rear buildme ^Messrs. Reynolds & Fellens) 41 ,197 47
Sewerage ana air ducts (Messrs. Reynolds & Fellens), final . 6,993 00
Central building (Messrs. Fish, Stephens, Sorrensen & Co.) 37,770 85
Heating, ventilating and culinary apparatus (Messrs. John
Davis & Co.) 31,280 65
Mason and carpenter work connected with heating, etc.,
(Messrs. Reynolds & Fellens) 1 ,706 05
Artesian well, payments on acct 00 001
On the estimates for sewerage and air ducts, and for the arte-
sian well, the amount stated is the amount paid. On all other
estimates eighty-five per cent has been paid in cash by the State
Treasurer.
To complete the remaining portion of the Hospital building,
according to the plans and specifications, so as to present to the
people of the State a finished and complete institution, second
to none in the country in point of completeness in construc-
tion, convenience in arrangement, efficiency and economy in its
operation, will require further appropriations, as follows: —
For constructing the south wings $161 ,000 00
For heating and plumbing, including additional boilers and
tanks 18,500 00
Air ducts, rain water pipes, and sewerage for south wings . . 5,400 00
Two reservours for ram water 1 ,600 00
Gas fixtures for south wings 850 00
Total $187,350 00
13
For forniture, bedding and table ware for 200 additional pa-
tients at $60.00 each $12 , 000 00
For current expenses, including salaries, etc.. for the treat-
ment of 200 patients, for one jeai, at $20.00 per month . . 48 ,000 00
For horses, carriages, farm stock, improvements on farm, or-
chard, ornamental shade trees, etc 8,000 00
If an appropriation be asked for current expenses from the
opening to the time when the Legislature ordinarily makes ap-
propriations, it should be for the time commencing January 1st,
1872, to March 31st, 1874, fifteen months, for two hundred pa-
tients, at $20 per month, $60,000.
At the commencement there will be some extraordinary ex-
penses, and while the average number of patients will not be
two hundred for every month, the appropriation asked will be
required.
Should the Legislature make an appropriation early in the
session, the south wings may be completed by the first of April,
1874, and it would seem that there could be but one opinion
among men accustomed to think on the subject, that enlightened
economy would suggest the completion of the whole building
at the earliest practicable time, both as regards economy in con-
struction and the increased usefulness of the institution. This
policy cannot be too strongly presented and urged for the con-
sideration of the Legislature.
The immediate and pressing necessity for increased accom-
modations for the unfortunate insane in our State must be ap-
parent to every observing man and woman in the State. And
while Wisconsin has done nobly in providing for the treatment
of this peculiarly unfortunate class of her citizens, the rapid in-
crease of this terrible malady calls for continued eflfort on the
part of the authorities, in order to meet the demands upon their
enlightened philanthropy.
The work so far accomplished has been well done, and is
creditable to the skill and integrity of the Contractors; while it
must prove to the Legislature and all who examine it, that this
important public interest has been entrusted to intelligent, hon-
est and faithful public servants.
That the Legislature and the people at large may understand
14
fully what has been done, as well as what remains to be done, I
respectfully recommend that a perspective view and ground
plans of the buildings, on a scale adapted to the same, be pub-
lished with the annual report of the Board of Building Com-
missioners.
The constant and efficient superintendence of the work by my
assistant, Mr. William "Waters, architect, has' contributed large-
ly to the excellent character of the work accomplished, and
should prove to the Board, as it has to me, his fitness and in-
tegrity.
Respectfully submitted,
S. V. SHIPMAN,
Architect and Superintendent.
October 1, 1872.
DOCUMENT No. 8.
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF THE
Wisconsin Institution for the Education
of the Blind,
For the Fiscal Year ending October, 1S72.
Located at Janesville, Wis.
MADISON, WIS. :
ATWOOD & CULVKB, PRINTERS AND STERE0TTPER8.
1872.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Terms expire April 3, 1873.
WM. H, TRIPP. A. A. JACKSON.
Term expires April 3, 1874.
PLINY NORCROSS.
Terms expire April 3, 1875.
J. D. REXFORD. J. B. WHITING, M. D.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
A. A.. JACKSON,
President,
J. D. REXFORD,
Treasv/rer.
J. B. WHITING, M.D.,
Secretary,
RESIDENT OFFICERS OF INSTITUTION.
SUPEBIVTByDENT.
THOMAS H. LITTLE, M. A.
TEACHEBS.
Miss S. A. WATSON, Miss H. A. DAGGETT,
Miss C. L. BALDWIISr.
TEACHEBS OF aiUSIC.
MAURICE D. JONES, Miss FRANCES L. COLVIN.
FOBEXAN OF SHOP.
JAMES STEPHEN.
MATBON.
3Ir8. MARIA H. AVHITING.
TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washburn,
Governor of Wisconsin:
We have the honor to present the following as the 23rd an-
nual report of the Wisconsin Institution for the Education of
the Blind. It is accompanied not only by the usual reports of
the Secretary and Treasurer of the Board and of the Superin-
tendent of the Institution, but also by a detailed statement, re-
quired by act of the last Legislature to be presented, in the
form prescribed by the State Board of Charities and Reforms.
The Institution is in a prosperous condition, and has during
the year conferred its benefits upon a larger number of persons
than in any previous year.
The arrangements in progress at the date of our last report
for lighting the house with gas have been completed, at a cost
within the appropriation made for the purpose. The special
appropriation of $1,400 for the purpose of purchasing an adja-
cent lot of ground has been expended in accordance with the
terms of the act appropriating the money.
The following is a summary of the financial operations of the
year: —
RECEIPTS.
Balance in treasury at last report :
Balance of appropriation for appa-
ratus 1465 00
Balance of appropriation for lighting 1 ,848 34 ,
Balance of appropriation for current
expenses 4,054 09
$6,367 43
Appropriation for 1872 :
For current expenses $21,000 00
For purchase of land 1 ,400 00
22,40000
Receipts from work department, etc 1 ,034 65
$29,802 08
8
DISBURSEMENTS.
For Amusements 32 31 ...
Apparatus and means of instruction 663 94
Clothing * 170 71
Dru^s and medicines and medical attendance . . 103 59
Puef '3,191 60
House furnishing 649 15
Lights (exclusive of fixtures) 385 21
Manufacturing expenses 667 10
Miscellaneous purposes (including $1,400 for
land) 3,974 85
Repairs 1 ,152 27
Permanent improvements 1 ,460 87
Subsistence 4,543 03
Salaries and wages .... 6 ,214 96
123,218 59
Balance on hand $6,583 49
To find the true " current " expense for the year we must de-
duct the amount of , the following special expenditures: —
For land 11,400 00
Lighting with gas 1 ,205 05
Apparatus 179 00
Superintendent's working fund 50 00
$2,834 05
This shows the expenditures for ordinary purposes to have
been $20,384.53.
The following sums are needed to carry on the Institution for
the year ending January 31, 1874: —
For Subsistence $5 ,488 00
Salaries 4,925 00
Wages 2,000 00
Fuel 3,200 00
Lights 500 00
Repairs 1 ,0!)3 00
House furnishing 903 00
Means of instruction 532 00
Expenses of barn and stable 550 00
Miscellaneous purposes 1 ,309 00
$20,500 00
In common with others connected with the various State in-
stitutions, we think it desirable to make a change in the time
of l^eginning the year for which the annual appropriations are
made. To effect this, we propose that the next Legislature pro-
vide for carrying on the Institution through the months of Feb-
ruary and March, 1874, in order that subsequent appropriations
may be made for years beginning on the first of April. For
this purpose the sum of $3,500 will be needed.
The Institution is greatly in need of a suitable building for
the accommodation of its horses and carriages, cows and swine.
Want of space has hitherto compelled the use of buildings not
only in every way unfit, but so located as in case of fire to im-
peril other buildings of the Institution. The last Legislature
authorized the purchase of the lot adjoining that on which the
Institution stands, with a view to erecting the necessary build-
ing thereon. Such a structure as is needed will cost, according
to the architect's estimates, about $5,000. As there are always
some contingent expenses in connection with building, and as
architects' estimates usually fall below the real cost, we increase
the estimate a little, and ask that $5,500 may be appropriated
for this purpose.
When the grounds of the Institution were fenced, a mistake
was made by which a small piece of land belonging to Dr. R. S.
Maloney was enclosed. Most of this lies directly between the
house and the street. To regain possession of his property, Dr.
Maloney has commenced legal proceedings. He offers, how-
ever, to convey it to the Institution upon receiving payment at
the rate of $200 per acre. There is a little more than an acre
of this land. We recommend that $250 be appropriated to en-
able us to buy it.
In conclusion, being aware that in the faithful and efficient
administration of our trust, are concerned not only the welfare
of the blind, but also the honor of the State, we invite the care-
ful attention of your Excellency and of the Legislature to our
proceedings; and, believing that those who have been placed
under our charge are receiving very great benefits from the In-
stitution, we earnestly commend its interests to the continued
support of the people of Wisconsin, and to the Great Being
who has made the people able and willing to relieve mis-
fortune. A. A. JACKSON, President.
. J. B. Whiting, Secretary.
Janesvillb, October, 1872.
STATEMENT OF THE EXPENDITURES
Of the Wisconsin Institution for the Education of the Blind ^
from October Kth 1871, to October 16^A, 1872, detailed accord-
ing to form of " Exhibit 6^," prescribed by the State Board
of Charities ajid Reform,
Articles.
Amusements
APPARATUS AND MEANS OP INSTRTTCTlON.
Books in raised print
liaised maps
Instruments, books, etc., for musical department
Books and periodicals
Apparatus for \\Titing
Miscellaneous apparatus
N. B. $179.00 of above from special fund.
CLOTHING.
Boots and shoes and repairing,
Boys' garments ,
Girls' garments
DRUGS A!ID MEDICINES.
Medicines, etc
Doctors' bills .
FUEL.
Coal — Anthracite, 9 t^)ns 1,450 pounds, $10 per ton. .
Coal— Anthracite, 220 tons, $10 50 per ton
"VVood — maple, 60 cords, $7 65 per cord
\\''ood — 2(1 growth oak, etc., 33)^ cords, $6 per cord
Wood— other kinds ,
Amomit.
$.32 31
$119 93
46 00
418 23
46 20
27 45
6 13
$063 94
$09 80
88 20
12 71
$170 71
$27 09
76 50
$103 50
$155 60
2,310 00
459 00
201 00
66 00
$8,191 60
11
Statement of JExpenditures — continued.
Articles.
House Furnishing
Candles. .
Gasoline .
Kerosene
Tapers. . .
LIGHT.
Liqixms. — ^Noae.
MANUFACTURING.
Materials used in shop
N. B. — This has been repaid to the Inst, by
Mr. Stephens.
Tools and fixtures for shop ,
Wire for girls* work
MISCELLANEOUS.
Advertising
Barn and stable expenses, including feed, etc.,
for animals, and repairs on vehicles, etc.
Grounds and fencing
Hotel bill for legislative committee
Insurance
Land, (special appropriation)
Laundry expenses, including steamer, soap,
starch, etc
Labor
Livery for legislative committee
Postage
Printing
Stationery
Telegraphing ... -
Trustees' expenses — None.
Tobacco^None.
Unclassified expenses
" Working fund" of Superintendent
PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS.
Lighting with gas, (special appropriation). .
On heating apparatus
On cistern
On plumbing
On rail to west steps
Quiuitlty.
40 lbs
1,737 gal....
49K gal ... .
Amoont*
$640 15
$8 00
861 06
15 35
80
$385 21
1629 68
20 26
17 16
m^ 10
$8 50
528 44
343 41
50 00
425 00
1,400 00
282 02
202 12
45 00
86 96
98 80
35 56
4 55
414 49
50 00
$3, 974 85
$1,205 05
181 63
72 42
55 20
6 67
$1 ,469 87
12
/Statement of JSospenditures — continued.
Articles.
REPAIRS.
On heating apparatus
Carpenter work
Painting, papering and glazing
Mason work
Hardware
Unclassified items
Quantity.
SUBSISTENCE.
Amoant
1557 57
291 78
84 14
138 75
34 73
45 30
11,152 27
Articles.
Bread
Butter
Cheese
Crackers
Coffee, Rio (ground),
Cider
Eggs...
Fish, cod
Fish, fresh
FLOUR AND MEAL.
Flour
Graham flour . . .
Buckwheat flour
Com meal
Prepared wheat .
FRUIT.
Apples, green
Apples, dried
Berries
Cherries
Citron
Cocoanut ....
Cranberries .
Quantitj.
Amoant.
14,477 lbs
496 62
2,883 lbs
549 82
192 lbs
29 16
649 lbs
62 04
419 lbs. ..
98 97
7 gal
788 doz
2 15
114 57
600 lbs
42 25
55 lbs
6 53
6,800 lbs. ...
200 40
275 lbs
8 57
150 lbs
6 80
1,100 lbs
14 05
3 85
196 bush...
108 15
98 lbs
11 88
419 qts
50 66
9 9-16 bu
23 15
4 lbs
2 10
13 J^ lbs
4 46
1 bbl....
9 03
13
Statement of Expenditures — Subsistence — continued.
Articles.
Currants
Currants, dried.
Grapes
Lemons
Melons
Peaches ,
Pleaches, dried . .
Peaches, canned.
Plums, (wild)...
Prunes
Raisins
Fruit — con.
Freight on groceries not specified
Honey
Ice
Lard ; <
MEATS.
Beef, fresh . . .
Beef, salt
Beef, dried . . .
Hams
Lamb
Mutton
Mutton, dried
Pork, fresh. . .
Tongues
Veal
Milk and cream.
Molasses
Chickens ..
Turkeys.. .,
Rice
Salt, coarse.
Salt, fine...
POULTRY.
Quantity.
lOJi bush..
19 lbs . , .
47 lbs . . .
14 doz . .
6
19J^ boxes.
51 lbs . . .
2 doz . .
9 V bush .
224 lbs ..
8 bxs . .
10 lbs...
1,015 lbs...
14,030 lbs.
191 lbs.
61 lbs.
5051^ lbs.
363 lbs.
96 lbs.
11 lbs.
183 lbs,
13 ...
415 lbs.
SMALL OROCERIES AND SPlCEd.
Allspice
Carb. soda . . .
Cinnamon . . .
Cloves
Com starch . .
Cream Tartar.
Extracts
(Gelatine
Ginger
473^ gals..
383>^ lbs...
332 lbs...
250 lbs...
1 bbl...
2% bbl...
6 lbs..
20 lbs..
13 lbs..
11}^ lbs..
20 lbs. .
81 lbs..
2 pts ..
ioji'ibs!!
Amonnt.
$13 50
2
3
62
78
38
98
19 85
4
7
11
59
00
57
24 94
10 15
6 84
1 80
63 25
84 02
1,034 18
6 68
7,68
55 05
34 70
6 12
1 00
9 10
4 71
36 60
14 28
37 82
24 75
44 58
23 00
2 75
10 95
1 80
1 70
9 10
8 10
2 80
15 55
200
80
3 80
14
Statement of Expenditures — Subsistence — continued.
AfinoLBS.
Small Groc^rteSj etc. — con.
Mace
Mustard.
Nutmegs
Pepper . .
Sugar, A. .
Sugar, C. .
SjTup
Tea, black
Vinegar
VEGETABLES.
Asparagus
Beans
Cabbages
Celerj' ,
Cucumbers, pickled,
Green Corn
Green Peas
Onions
Parsnips
Pieplant
Peppers
Potatoes
Pumpkins
Squashes
Sweet Potatoes
Turnips
Yeast
Total cost of Subsistence
Quantity.
Mlb.
M lb.
14)4 lbs.
1,702
1,751
02
185
133
lbs.
lbs.
gal.
lbs.
gal.
3J^ bush . .
6 doz. . . .
511>^ bush . .
2
271
1 bbl . . . .
20 bush...
Amount.
8 3-5 bush. >
200
3
fO 40
5 46
31
5 05
212 89
211 08
53 03
130 68
29 00
30
16 78
8 00
2 70
3 00
1 81
2 03
1 50
8 03
75
1 80
331 00
10
18 85
4 50
7.80
20
$4,543 03
15
Statement of Expenditures — continued.
SALARIES AND WAGES.
Names.
Thomas H. Little . . .
S. Augusta WaUon. .
Helen A. Daggett. . .
Clara L. Baldwin . . .
Maurice D. Jones. . .
Flora F.Winslow...
James Stephen
George Schorl)
Mrs. M.H. Whiting.
J. K. Wilson
John Snider
John Cavanagh
Jolui Cavanagh
Ellen Hanson
Susan Anderson ....
Sophie Svenson
Marj' L. Jerdee
Ann Peterson
Ann Peterson
Ann Peterson
Carrie Nelson
Carrie Nelson
Carrie Nelson
Jane Reseland
Jane Reseland
Belle Femereite
Belle Femereite
Jane Brown
Jane Brown
Ann Oleson
Emma Oleson
Alb'tinaFredericks'n
Alb'tinaFredericks'n
Alb'tinaPredericks'u
Betsy Hanson ......
Betsy Hanson
Kate Sennett
Occnpatlon.
Time em-
ployed.
Rate per
month.
Superintendent
Teacher
do
do
Teacher of Music: .
Teacher of H'dicr't
Assistant in teach'g!
Matron ;
Janitor |
Laborer
Year . . . .
Session . .
. . .do .. .
.. .do .. .
. . .do . . .
^% Mo..
9 Mo..
Session. .
Year
, . . .do . . .
$168 33
30 00
30 00
30 00
50 00
15 00
30 00
7 50
31 25
41 67
1 2i3.30Moi 18 00
■ Uw • • • • • ■ •
do
Seamstress
do
Cook *
Chambermaid
do
Laundress
Cleaning house
Laundress I
do :
Cleaning house ;
Dining room girl . .'
Cleaning house 1
Dining room girl . . j
Cleaning house
General work
do
Kitchen girl
Laundress
General w^ork
do
Cleaning house
Kitchen girl
Cleaning
Laundress
Total of salaries and wages
4 Mo I
6 9-30 Mo
52 2-7Wk,
, . . .do ...
50 4.7Wk!
21 2.7Wk|
22Wks..|
24 4-7Wki
5 5-7 ^Vk!
8 6-7 Wkl
31 l-7Wk!
1 2.1 Wk
42 2-7Wk'
3 Wk...l
40 4-7Wk!
1 2-7 Wk'
6 5-7 Wk
5 3-7 Wk
8 5-7 Wk
18 5-7 Wk
23 3.7Wk
6 1-7 Wk
7 1-7 Wk
27 2.7Wk
1 2-7 Wk
2 14.26MO
16 00
18 00
3 00
3 00
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
00
50
50
75
00
75
25
00
50
00
2 25
8 00
2 00
2 25
25
75
25
50
00
2 25
3 00
12 00
2
2
2
2
3
Amount.
$1,900 00
300 00
300 00
300 00
500 00
121 88
270 00
75 00
375 00
500 00
31 80
64 00
113 22
156 85
156 85
151 71
53 22
55 00
67 57
17 14
24 36
^
07
3 a5
105 71
9 00
91 29
3 85
13 57
12 50
19 61
51 46
50 91
15 36
21 42
51 39
3 85
30 46
16,214 96
SUPERINTENDENTS REPORT.
To the Trustees of the Wisco?isin Institution for the Educa-
iton of the Blind:
I respectfully submit the following as the report due from
your Superintendent at this time:
During the year eighteen pupils have been . admitted, and
thirteen have left, of whom two left to remove from the State.
The entire number in attendance has been seventy -six, of whom
forty-three were males and thirty-three females. The largest
number in attendance in any previous year is sixty-nine. The
number thus far enrolled for the present term of school is fifty-
seven.
Classes were taught during the term ending in June last in
Reading, Spelling, Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, Rhetoric
and the History of the United States. The classes for the pres-
ent term are in Reading, Spelling, Writing, Arithmetic, Geo-
graphy, Rhetoric and Physiology, In most of these studies
there are several classes. The literary department necessarily
receives the greatest amount of labor, because in it are gained
both the knowledge required for taking creditable position in
the world and the mental discipline so necessary to success in
any special pursuit. "Without the increased intellectual power
resulting from this training, the blind broom-maker stands a
poor chance in the competition of trade; and without this power
and the culture acquired in the study of science and literature,
the blind musician is painfully liable to be regarded with con-
temptuous pity in the society to which his artistic skill intro-
duces him, and is in danger of being left to find companionship
among associates of low tastes and bad habits.
17
In the work department, broom-making has been taught to
twentj-five. Two of these were adults that were admitted
expressly to learn the trade. Seating of cane chairs has been
introduced and taught to a few. More will be done with this
branch hereafter.
The plan of placing the work department, so far as its pecun-
iary results are concerned, entirely in the hands of its foreman,
has proved so far satisfactory as to encourage its continuance.
The boys have never made so good progress in broom making as
since this plan was adopted.
To the work department I attach great importance. Most of
our male pupils must depend upon their own industry for their
living. If it were not necessary for them to do so, they would
no doubt be happier when industriously and usefully employed,
than under any other circumstances. It would be very poor
policy for the State to attempt to cultivate their minds, and
leave their hands untrained. If the community had to support
any one in idleness, (that could support himself) it might as
well be done without previous expenditure of large sums upon
intellectual culture.
It is gratifying to hear from time to time that former pupils
of the institution are putting the skill acquired in our shop to
good use, and securing profitable employment thereby.
In the musical department there have been two choirs, a class
of fourteen in harmony, and an orchestra of fourteen instru-
ments. Eighteen pupils have had private instruction in voice
culture. Thirty-eight have had lessons on the piano, five on the
cabinet organ, nine on the violin, and nine on other instru-
ments. The attractiveness of music itself, and the probability
that those who become skillful in it may obtain good positions
as music teachers or organists, excite among the pupils a strong
desire to devote themselves to it. Their parents are apt, also,
to mistake a love of music for musical talent, and to cherish ex-
pectations of their children's success which are not well founded,
and can never be realized. Our practice is to give all an oppor-
tunity to develop what musical talent they possess, but not to
allow them to neglect the literary or work departments. We
a— Bund. (Doc. 8.)
18
aim, also, to make pupils who reach a certain degree of pro-
gress as thoroughly acquainted with the science of music as
possible, in order that when they undertake to teach, they may
be not only equal but superior, in this respect, to the majority
of seeing teachers with whom they will come in competition.
It is to be regretted that they have but few opportunities of
hearing first-class musicians. Better privileges in this respect
would both improve their taste and enable them to form more
correct judgments of their own abilities and attainments.
There have been no regular school exercises on Saturdays, but
a part of the forenoon has usually been occupied either with a
musical rehearsal or with the examination of some class selected
by lot. An hour in the evening is devoted to reading to the
school, which is divided into two classes for the purpose. By
this means they are made acquainted with the literature of the
language, and acquire a taste for good reading.
Training in light gymnastics has been given to about half of
the school. This gives physical exercise which some are back-
ward in taking. It also aids greatly in correcting awkwardness
in giving ease and gracefulness to position and motions, and in
developing the muscular system — matters to which many par-
ents of blind children do not seem to have given much atten-
tion, and to which it is not easy to induce all blind persons to
attach sufficient importance.
This may be a proper j)lace to refer to the great amount of
incidental labor that comes upon the officers of the house in
endeavoring, by personal influence and repeated instruction, to
form in the pupils good personal habits and manners, and to
give them an acquaintance with the conventional proprieties of
life. On account of their inability to perceive how cultured
persons behave under various circumstances, things which with
others are largely matters of unconscious imitation, are to the
blind matters of laborious acquisition; and while some are
solicitous to conform to the customs of good society, and ready
to comply with suggestions ujoon any points of decorum, others
are negligent of appearance, careless of manners and seem to
think it strange that one way of doing a thing should be con-
19
sidered more correct or becoming than another. That there are
among our pupils any uncouth motions of head, face, hands or
body is an occasion of constant and great regret; that there are
no more is due partly to highly creditable exertion made by
many of them to improve, and partly to incessant care and kind-
ness on the part of teachers and others who have them in charge
from day to day.
The officers are the same as last year, except that Miss Fran-
ces L. Colvin has succeeded to the place that Miss F. F. Wins-
low had held in the musical department for two years. Miss
Winslow was a skilful teacher and leaves us to carry out plans
of her own.
Mention should be made of the fact that two pupils, George
Schorb and Minnie Donahue, have given useful assistance in
teaching — ^the former in the literary department, and the latter
in the musical.
Except that the mumps went through the school last winter, its^
health has been as good as is to be expected in the class of per-
sons with whom we have to deal. There has often been some
person ailing and but seldom any person very sick. Our salu-
brious location, regular hours, good diet, attention to cleanli-
ness and exercise, the care of the matron and the skill of our
physician, under divine favor, have combined to secure this re-
sult.
It is natural to suppose that the efforts made by the State to
improve the condition of blind youth would be hailed by their
parents with delight, and that they would hasten to avail them-
selves of the privileges offered. Experience, however, (not of
this Institution only, but of all,) proves that it is necessary to
make constant and varied exertions to search out those who
should be in school, and to gather them in. Some parents set
too little value upon education in general, and some think it
useless to hope for good results from educating a ' blind child ;
some are too careless of their children's interests, and some so
careful of their safety and comfort that they are reluctant to
entrust them to the care of strangers ; some are uninformed as
to the existence of the Institution, and many are misinformed
20
as to its terms, operations and advantages. To overcome some
of these hindrances, I have, during the past summer, employed
Geoige Schorb, an intelligent pupil of the Institution, to travel
in various parts of the State, visiting the parents of blind chil-
dren, whose residences were known to me, searching for others,
and disseminating information as to the work of the Institu-
tion. His own ability to do such work, affords parents sufficient
proof of the capacity of the blind for becoming useful citizens,
and of the power of the Institution to benefit those who are
placed in it. I feel satisfied that this experiment was a profit-
able one.
In further prosecution of the same class of work, I have
availed myself of the means afforded by the report of the
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, which shows that
the school district clerks found last year in their various locali-
ties one hundred and fifty-two children ^^ incapacitated for in-
struction from defect of vision." Through the kindness of the
Superintendent I have had access to the returns and been fur-
nished with a list of town clerks. I have entered into corres-
pondence with these officers, and find that, in some instances,
errors have occurred by which such children have been reported
in places where they cannot be found; but on the other hand, I
know of others who seem to have been overlooked, so that the
number is probably not far from correct. I desire here to ac-
knowledge the kindness with which many of the clerks have
sought information, by which the work of the institution has
been promoted. Some children have already entered school as
a result of this information, and others will undoubtedly do so
in the course of time.
Nearly a yearns experience in the use of the Gas Generator
bought of Judd & Co., has proved it to be an excellent arrang-
ment for lighting the buildings. It only needs to be wound up
and supplied with gasoline once in two or three days, to keep
us fully supplied with a clear, strong and steady light. The la-
bor of keeping it in operation is less than that of attending to the
lamps formerly in use; the light is better and far more abund-
ant; and we are entirely relieved from the feeling of danger
21
connected with the use of kerosene. I see no reason why the
apparatus should not continue to give as good satisfaction for
years.
The thanks of the institution are due to S. S. Merrill, of the
Milwaukee and St. Paul railway, for facilities afforded for hunt-
ing up blind children along the line of that road; also to him
and other gentlemen connected with the railroads of the state,
for the transportation of needy pupils to and from their homes.
Thanks are also to be rendered to the publishers, for copies
of the papers named below:
Weekly State Journal, Madison.
Crescent, Appleton.
Advocate. Green Bay.
State Gazette, Green Bay.
Standard, Burlington.
Banner, Black River Falls.
Chief, Fort Atkinson.
Recorder, Janesville.
Times, Janesville.
Picayune, Janesville.
Sentinel, Monroe.
Union, Kenosha.
Commonwealth, Fond du Lac.
Northwestern Christian Advocate, Chicago.
Advocate, Atlanta, Georgia.
Amateur, Philadelphia.
Official Gazette (Patent Office), Washington, D. C.
Thanks are likewise due to Mrs. Marion Leavitt, Janesville,
for four volumes of Waverly Novels; to C. H. Heimstreet,
Janesville, for seeds, and to Smith & Bostwick, Janesville, for a
package of trimmings.
THOS. H. LITTLE,
Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
To the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Institution for the
Education of the Blind:
Gentlemen: — Herewith I submit a statement of my receipts
and disbursements on account of the institution you have in
charge, since the date of my last annual report.
Respectfully Yours,
J. D. REXFORD,
Treasurer,
Dated October 30th, 1872.
23
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SECRETARY'S REPORT.
To the Board of Trustees qf the Wisconsin Institution for the
Education of the Blind:
Gentlemen: — I herewith present you a statement in detail of
the orders drawn on your Treasurer from Oct. 30th, 1871, to
Oct. 12th, 1872, inclusive.
^ Very respectfully, I have the honor to be,
J. B. WHITING,
Secretary.
Janesville, Oct. 16, 1872.
25
LIST OF ORDERS.
Bate.
No.
1871
Oct 80
158
Oct 80
154
Oct. 80
155
Oct 80
156
Oct 80
157
Oct 80
158
Oct 80
169
Oct 80
160
Oct 80
161
Oct 80
162
Oct 80
163
Oct 80
164
Oct 80
165
Oct 80
166
Oct 80
167
Oct 80
168
Oct 80
169
Oct. 80
170
Oct 80
171
Oct 80
172
Oct 81
173
Oct 81
174
Oct 81
175
Oct 81
176
Oct 81
177
Nov. 14
178
Nov. 14
179
Nov. 14
180
Nov. 14
181
Nov. 14
182
Nov. 14
183
Nov. 14
1B4
Nov. 14
185
Nov. 14
186
Nov. 14
187
Nov. 14
188
Nov. 14
189
Nov. 14
190
Nov. 14
191
Dec. 18
192
Dec. 13
193
Dec. 18
194
Dec. 18
195
Dec. 18
196
Dec. 18
197
Dec. 13
198
Dec. 13
199
Dec. 18
200
Dec. 18
201
[To whom and for what iasaed.
James Sntherland, wall paper, etc. . .
T. Judd & Oo„ gasoline
Wm. B. Wait, apparatus for writing.
Mike Dawson, meat
Adam Wilson, blacksmithing
W. H. Douglass, broom corn
James McCrea, oats
H. Gilliland, squashes
J. B. Carle, potatoes
L. Sennett, butter and eggs
James Stephen, salary
Fuller & Fuller, cream tartar
J. R. Holmes, beef
T. H. Little, current expenses
T. H. Little, salaiy
T. H. Littlejj)ay roll
Miss S. A. Watson, salary
Miss H. A. Dagffett, salary,
ild^'
Miss 0. L. Baldwin, salary
M. D. JoneSjSalary
Mrs. M. H. Whiting, salary
G. A. Libbey, steam work ,
Davis A Bro., groceries
N. H.Clark, beef.
T. Judd & Co., on gas contract
J. R. Holmes, beef ,
Mike Dawson, mutton ,
Graham A Clark, flour and meal.
(Cancelled)
Pat Sennett, labor ,
Jackman, Ross & Co., feed ,
Anderson, Harvey & Co., repairs, etc.
T. H. Little, pay roll
T. H. Little, " working ftmd "
T. Judd & Co., work and material
H. M. Hart, insurance
Hammond & Lawrence, insurance. . .
O. J. Dearborn, insurance
F. F. Stevens, insurance ,
Blav & James, masonry
J. U. Haynor, hay
Grannis & Farwell, groceries
James Stephen, salary
James Stephen, maps
Graham & Clark, flour and meal
W. G. Wheelock, crockery
F. Z. Sherwood, drugs
G. R. Curtis, drugs
W. J. Doolittle, hardware, etc
Amonnt «
$26 48
74 62
21 60
6 98
27 10
82 04
10 00
10 00
289 45
7 65
80 00
450
69 69
67 65
816 67
156 92
60 00
60 00
60 00
60 00
60 00
181 63
41 22
21 15
850 00
25 29
6 49
47 25
80 00
18 60
253 00
169 92
50 00
200 28
60 00
100 00
225 00
60 00
22 49
42 10
164 64
80 00
16 00
13 87
11 68
12 86
15 17
87 81
26
List of Orders — continued.
Date.
No.
1-871
Dec.
13
202
Dec.
13
208
Dec.
13
204
Dec.
13
205
Dec.
13
200
Dec.
13
207
Dec.
13
208
Dec.
13
209
Dec.
13
210
Dec.
13
211
Dec.
13
212
Dec.
13
213
Dec.
13
214
Dec.
13
215
Dec.
13
216
Dec.
13
217
Dec.
13
218
Dec.
13
219
Dec.
13
220
Dec.
13
221
Dec.
13
222
Dec.
13
223
Dec.
18
224
Dec.
13
225
Dec.
13
226
1872
Jan.
3
227
Jan.
8
228
Jan.
3
220
Jan.
3
230
Jan.
3
231
Jan.
3
232
Jan.
3
283
Jan.
3
234
Jan.
3
235
Jan.
3
236
Jan.
3
237
Jan.
3
288
Jan.
3
289
Jan.
3
240
Jan.
3
241
Jan.
8
242
Jan.
3
243
Jan.
3
244
Jan.
8
245
Jan.
3
246
Jan.
8
247
Jan.
8
248
Jan.
8
249
Jan.
8
2^>0
Jan.
3
251
Jan.
8
252
To whom and for what isaned.
John H. Boulter, turkeys
Mike Dawson, meat
Pat Scnnctt, labor
Wm. B. Baines, butter
J. R. Holmes, beef
Thos. Madden, beef and labor
Walter Little, wood
Hiram Brown, iron barrel
Atwood & Culver, printing
Root & Cady, musical instrument
W. & J. Gr. Flint, spices
Wheelock & Comstock, vegetables
F. C. Welles, broom brush
F. P. Schicker, bread
Ashcraft & Wingate, furniture
W. H. Churchman, proceedings Convention . .
Miss H. A. Daggett, on salary
Miss C. L. Baldw^in. . .do
Miss 8. A. Watson. . . .do.
Mrs. M. H. Whiting . .do
M. D. Jones do
T. H. Little do
T. H. Little, pay roll
T. H. Little, current expenses
Cronk, Haviland & Antisdel, st'r for laundry.
J. R. Holmes, beef
W. T. Vankirk, groceries
J. H. Burk, beef
F. P. Schicker, bread
W. Baines, filling ice house
W. G. Wheelock, crockery
M. Zwicky, soap
N. H. Clark, beef
8. N. Loomer, apples
G. W. Hersee, tuning pianos
R. G. Parmly, oats
J. R. Holmes, beef
N. W. Furniture Co., broom handles
Geo. W. Prentice & Co., broom wire
Thos. Madden, labor, oats and poultry
Harris Mfg. Co., iron work
Graham & Clark, flour
Gazette Printing Co., daily, and job work
Root & Cady, musical goods
flavnor. Bliss & Co., robe, whip, bells
Mike Dawson, beef
Mike Dawson, beef
J. A. Denniston, fruit, eggs, etc
Frank Stnmk <fc Co., livery for leg. comm'tee .
Royal Wood, livery for legislative commHee. .
Myers House, bill for same committee
Amount;
17 70
12 42
29 00
28 20
95 46
38 80
201 00
18 00
63 00
32 50
7 80
84 20
254 94
91 06
30 50
27 55
25 00
25 00
25 00
48 75
75 00
158 88
169 20
81 45
95 75
32 50
239 34
21 92
49 00
58 00
15 83
28 00
24 81
21 00
10 00
27 52
32 55
24 00
14 62
18 50
11 83
17 25
15 50
5 51
17 00
12 20
7 84
9 80
23 00
22 00
50 00
2'
List of Orders — continued.
3
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
1872
Jan. 3
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb,
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar. 6
Mar. G
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. G
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. G
Mar. 0
Mar. G
Mar. C
Mar. G
Mar. G
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 0
Mar. G
Mar. G
April 3
April 3
April 3
April 8
April 3
April 3
April 3
April 3
253
254
255
25G
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
2«9
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
To whom and for what Issued.
Forest City Varnisb and Oil Co
Geo. Schorb, for teaching
Tlios. H. Little, current expenses
S. B. Austin, «broom brush
Eldred & Otis, milk
Graham & Clark, flour and uicul
Wm. George, beef
Carle Bros., groceries
Wm. Steele, lard
W. G. Wlieelock, crockery
Smith <& Bostwick, dry goods
T. H. Little, pay-roll
G. A. Libby, repairs on steam and gas works
James Steiihen, making maps
Flora F. Winslow, salary
S. A. Watson, do
M. D. Jones do
C. L. Baldwin do
James Stephen . . . .do
Helen A. Daggett. . .do *
Wm. J. Doolittle, hardware
Kothman & Winkley, harness repairs
J. R. Holmes, beef.
Hodge & Buchholz, carriage repairs
T. H. Little, current expenses
Janesville Postofflcc, stamps and envelopes. .
J. A. Tice, photographs of building
Wheeler & Lake, groceries
Moseley & Bro., organ
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods
Lawrence & Atwood, piping
W. G. Wheclock, crockery
J. R. Holmes, beef
F. P. Schicker, bread
Root & Cady, musical good.s
W. B. Baines, hay
Grannis & Farwell, sugar
W. & J. G. Flint, coffee
N. B. Kneass, Jr., books in raised letters ....
M. H . Whiting, salary,
James Stephen, salary
Jackman, Koss & Co., feed and meal
T. H. Little, salary
T. H. Little, pay-roll
T. H. Little, current expenses
Field, Leiter & Co., cocoa matting
N. W. Furniture Co., broom handles, etc
G. W. Prentice, broom wire
James Stephen, salary
G. A. Libbey, tools and materials for rep's. . .
Harris Manufg Co., grates
C. H. Vorhes, painting carriage
Root & Cady, drum
Amount.
$91 41
20 00
77 10
75 50
13 28
37 25
16 60
261 24
44 67
4 75
35 42
173 65
72 98
26 00
46 88
75 00
125 00
75 00
60 00
75 00
28 11
9 15
41 95
77 52
49 08
33 80
18 00
38 38
100 00
83 74
65 50
6 00
77 51
104 50
39 39
20 00
59 81
50 40
42 70
93 75
30 00
22 51
475 00
170 05
65 54
48 02
33 80
14 91
30 00
32 11
121 72
15 00
8 00
28
JLxailqf Orders — continued.
1872.
April 8
April 8
Aprils
April 8
April 3
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
April 8
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
806
807
808
809
810
311
812
813
814
315
816
317
318
310
320
321
322
328
824
326
326
327
328
329
330
831
382
833
384
335
386
837
838
339
340
841
842
843
844
845
846
347
348
340
360
861
362
353
864
366
366
357
Mass. Inst for Blind, printing
Thos. H. Little, current expenses
E. J. Owen, hay
J. R. Holmes, beef
Simon Antisdel, beef.
Eldred & Wheeler, groceries
Pat. Sennett, labor
T. H. Little, pay roll for February
C. L. Martin, doctoring horse
W. T. Vanlcirk, groceries
J. B. Whitine, medical services
Forest City varnish and Oil Co
J. B. Wliitinj^, salary as secretary of board. . . .
L. P. Frost, in payment of land
Hogoboom & Wood, coal
James Sutherland, books and stationery
Adam Wilson, blacksmithing
W. J. Doolittle, hardware
L. Gould & Co., broom handles
T. M. Lynch, beef
Bigelow & Co., beef
Simon Antisdel, butter and eges
Wm. M. Steele, hams, lard and soap
Eldred & Wheeler, ^oceries
Geo. W. Hersee, tuning and repairs
Root & Cadv, musical goods
Shearer & Dowling, mason work
E. Rathram, work on boilers
Graham & Clark, feed
W. G. Wheelock, crockery .,
F. P. Schicker, bread .'
Miss Flora F. Winslow, salary
M. D. Jones... salary
James Stephen . .do
Helen A. Da^gettdo
Clara L. Balawin.do
S. A. Watson. .. .do
George Schorb . .do
T. H. Little, current expenses
T. H. Little, pay roll
F. H. Judd, balance on ic^s machine
Moseley & Bro., musical goods
W. G. Wheelock. crockery
Fifield Bros., fencing
James Stephen, music boards
Carle Bros., groceries
8. Antisdel, butter
Colling & Bro., fixtures for shop and bookcase.
Johnson, Dann & Co., flour and meal
Eldred & Wheeler, ^rroceries
Geo. W. Prentice, wire
C. A. Brace, soap
Amonnt.
$85 10
182 69
12 80
38 95
18 03
137 67
26 25
162 80
21 00
88 59
74 50
94 21
100 00
1,400 00
156 60
12 49
9 95
38 60
9 25
21 06
96 17
57 31
70 34
21 02
10 00
18 95
8 88
6 70
17 50
8 17
118 08
87 50
126 00
80 00
75 00
75 00
75 00
80 00
88 93
174 83
561 00
33 89
10 00
73 53
26 00
216 87
67 94
10 73
55 69
113 66
59 06
15 00
29
List of Orders — continued.
Bate.
1873
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
June 5
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July 20
July 20
July 20
July 20
July 20
July 20
July 20
July 20
Sept. 9
Sept. 9
Sept. 9
Sept. 9
Sept. 9
Sept 9
Sept. 9
Sept. 9
Sept 9
Sept 9
Sept 9
Sept 9
858
859
360
861
862
368
864
865
866
867
868
869
370
371
372
373
374
375
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
888
884
385
386
387
388
389
390
891
392
893
894
395
896
397
398
899
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
To whom aod for what Isened.
Waterbury Brass Company, wire
George J. Kellogg, trees
J. M. Hodge, oats
Massachusetts Asylum for Blind, books
P. Palmer, Butter
Root & Caldy, musical goods
T. H. Little, current expenses
T.H. Little, pay roll
T. H. Little, salary
James Stephen, salary
S. A. Watson, salary
H. A. Daffgett,-6alaxy
C. L. Baldwin, salary
P. P. Winslow, salary
M. D. Jones, salary , ,
George Schorb, salary
M. BL Whiting, salary
P. P. Schicker, bread
P. P. Schicker, bread
Hogoboom & Co., wood
Eldred and Wheeler, groceries
Adam Wilson, blacksmithing
W. J. Doolittle, hardware. .^
Fifield Bros., fencing
Doty manufacturing Co., wood
Geo. R Curtis, drugs and oil
H. Johnson, flour and feed
Geo. Scarcliff, meat
Jas. Stephen, salary
T. H. Little, pay roll for May
T. H. Little, current expenses
T. H. Little, pay roll for June
T. H. Little, salary
A. J. Roberts, drugs, etc
G. A. Libbjr, material and repairs
P. M.Wilkinson & Co., repairing steam works
Swan, Watkins & Co., fire brick .
T. H. Little, current expenses
H. 8. Hogoboom & Co., coal
Mrs. M. H. Whiting, salary
Anderson, Harvey & Co., carpenter work . . .
James Sutherland, stationery
N. Griswold, repairs on boiler
Pield, Leiter & Co., bed spreads
Eldred & Wheeler, groceries
Ashcraft & Wingate, furniture
Thomas Madden, labor
H. Johnson & Co., corn meal and feed
Smith & Bostwick, carpets, etc
Jas. Shearer, mason work and material
T. H. Little, salary
M. H. Whiting, salary
T. H. Little, current expenses
Amount
$14 26
19 50
86 75
31 50
5 75
7 21
153 41
171 17
475 00
30 00
75 00
75 00
75 00
37 50
125 00
25 00
98 75
56 98
33 71
511 00
95 12
9 45
7 00
40 50
14 00
20 57
8 60
167 10
30 00
174 84
198 90
176 11
158 33
8 82
17 48
290 85
22 50
90 72
2,310 00
62 50
65 81
18 86
12 75
51 09
16 80
157 70
17 17
38 20
116 00
160 60
316 67
31 25
118 77
30
List of Orders — continued.
Dale.
1872.
Sept. 9
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct. 2
Oct 2
Oct 2
Oct 2
Oct 2
Oct
Oct
Oct 2
Oct 2
Oct
Oct
Oct 12
Oct 12
Oct 12
Oct 12
Oct 12
2
2
2
2
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
428
424
425
426
427
428
429
480
431
432
488
434
435
486
To T^hom and for what issacd.
T. H. Little, payroll
M. Conant & Co., groceries .*
T. H. Little, pay roll
Root & Cady, music and goods
Moseley & Brother, musical books
Rogers & Hutchinson, painting and glazing . .
George Schorb, traveling
Janesville post office, stamped envelops
Anderson <& Harvey, repairs
Hodge & Buchholz, carriage repairs
Gazette Co., paper and printing
W. & J. G. Flint, coflf^e
G. A. Libbey, steam fitting and plumbing
H. Johnson & Co., flour
Eldred <fe Wheeler, groceries
W. G. Wheelock, crockery
Carle Brothers, groceries
W. T. Vankirk, groceries
F. P. Bchicker, bread
Ford & Clark, flour
T. H. Little, current expenses
J. R. Holmes, beef
Eldred & Wheeler, groceries
Georj^ Scarelift', meat
H. Gillilaod, squashes
L. Sennett, butter
Total
Amoant.
1148 39
129 31
129 51
35 08
27 33
61 77
52 60
34 00
59 53
30 50
15 00
44 00
70 79
48 70
29 95
8 37
95 86
94 06
41 44
3 50
100 24
46 55
143 89
210 22
8 00
20 50
$23,218 59
CATALOGUE OF PUPILS.
Name.
Mary O. Donahue,
Louis E. K. Klatte, -
John Cowley,
George Schorb,
Lucy A. Little, -
Charles Evans,
Sidelia Kelley,
Jacob E. Lewison,
Matilda L. AUcott,
Charles Hartle,
Philip Wentzel, -
Wilhelmina Mesenburg,
Julia Gorham,
Nathaniel W. Farnsworth,
Barbara P. Fontaine,
Hege Knutson,
James Brennan, -
Mary Hrobsky,
John H. Cummings,
Kate Page,
AUie M. Brown, -
Sophronia Johnson, -
William Harvey, -
Adam Zepp, -
Emma Henderson,
Elizabeth Noonan,
Orrin G. Rice,
Bendence.
Crawford county.
Milwaukee county.
Dodge county.
Racine county.
Rock county.
Walworth county.
Dodge county.
Dane county.
Milwaukee county.
Portage county.
Milwaukee county.
Dodge county.
Shawano county.
Columbia county.
Brown county.
Dane county.
Grant county.
Dodge county.
Rock county.
Jefferson county.
Walworth county.
Jefferson county. •
Rock county.
Washington county.
Rock county.
Rock county.
Outagamie county.
32
Catalogue of PupiU
Name.
Frederick Tranton, -
John T. White, -
Frederick Parker,
Ira M. GriflSn,
William Bautz,
Wilhelmina Lloyd,
Jennie Cummings,
Joseph Vandervest,
Catharine Sullivan, -
Charles W. Thomas,
Levi G. McColloch, -
Edwin Bates,
Hugh J. Pierce,
Frank Finsterbach,
Amanda McClosky, -
Margaret Fohey, -
Charles Krakopsky, -
Willard Close, -
Elizabeth Fletcher, -
John Lavell,
Edward B. Speer,
George Steumpiig,
Arvilla Bush, - - .
Thirza L. Vanderzee,
Jda Green,
Jonas Hedburg, -
Caroline Hedburg,
Selby Rich,
William Charmer,
Conrad Miller,
Joseph F. Wigmore, -
Theodore Dressen,
Amanda E. Davey, -
Orrin M. Dodds,
Margaret Lapine,
— continued.
Residence.
Marathon county.
Columbia county.
Rock county.
Dodge county.
Milwaukee county.
Dodge county.
Rock county.
Brown county.
Rock county.
Milwaukee county.
Crawford county.
Jefferson county.
La Crosse county.
Pierce county.
Crawford county.
Waukesha county.
Racine county.
Waupaca county.
Monroe county.
Marquette county.
Dane county.
Columbia county.
Green Lake county.
Vernon county.
Calumet county.
Pierce county.
Pierce county.
Dodge county.
Milwaukee county.
Crawford county.
Milwaukee county.
Washington county.
Green Lake county.
Portage county.
Fond du Lac county.
38
Catalogue qf
Name,
Josephine Lapine,
Caroline Highland, •
Edward Davis,
Henry Hill, -
Julia Patch,
Lodema Sturdevant, -
Andrew J. Sturdevant,
Sarah Murphy,
Primus Wright, -
Charles E. Flick,
Honora Dorsy,
William D. Otes,
Augusta Zimmerman,
Cora A. Briggs,
Pwpt'fo— continued.
lUiidenee.
Fond du Lac county.
Rock county.
Waushara county.
Milwaukee county.
Ozaukee county.
Monroe county.
Monroe county.
Rock county.
Iowa county.
Dane county.
Rock county.
Dane county. .
Jefferson county.
Outagamie county.
8 — Blind.
(Doc. 8.)
ADMISSIOlsT OF PUPILS.
Any person wishing to make application for the admission of
a pupil into the Institution, must address the Superintendent,
giving definite and truthful answers to the following questions,
viz:
1st. What are the names and post office address of the parents
or guardians of the person for whom application is made:
2d. Are such parents or guardians legal residents of the State
of Wisconsin?
3d. What is the name and age of the person for whom ap-
plication is made?
4th. At what age did he or she become blind, and from what
cause?
5th. Is he or she of sound mind and susceptible of intellectual
culture?
6th. Is he or she free from bodily deformity and all infectious
diseases?
7th. What are his or her personal habits and moral character?
Upon receipt of such application by the Superintendent,
the applicant will be notified as to whether or not the person in
question will be admitted; and no one must be sent to the Insti-
tution until such notification shall have been received.
No person of imbecile or unsound mind, or of confirmed im-
moral character, will be knowingly received into the Institution ;
And in case any person shall, after a fair trial, prove incompe-
tent for useful instruction, or disobedient to the wholesome reg-
ulations of the Institution, such pupil will be thereupon dis-
4charged.
All are expected to come provided with an adequate supply
85
of good, comfortable clothing, which must be replenished from
time to time, as it becomes necessary.
The stock of clothing should embrace suitable articles for
both summer and winter, and a sufficient number of each
kind to admit of the necessary changes for washing and re-
pairing.
All the clothing must be sent in good condition, not only upon
the first entrance of the pupil, but also at each subsequent re-
turn from home after the vacation.
Each article should also be distinctly marked with the own-
er's name or initials, in order to prevent confusion or loss.
There is no charge for tuition, or for board; but a small sum
should be deposited with the Superintendent for occasional ex-
penses.
It is important that new pupils should enter upon their term
of instruction at the commencement of a session ; and it is ex-
pected of all others that they will be present at the opening of
the school, and remain until it closes, on the last day of the ses*
sion, unless prevented from doing so by sickness or other emer-
gency. It is also expected that timely arrangements will be
made for the departure of every pupil from the IjdlKitution with-
in a few days after the close of each session.
All letters to the pupils should be addressed to the care of the
Institution, in order to insure their prompt reception.
From ten to fourteen is the most favorable age for entering
the Institution, provided the pupils have judicious care and
training at home prior to that age. But as this is not always
the case, and as there are many who lose their sight after that
age; or, having lost it earlier, do not find an opportunity of go-
ing to school at the proper time, the regulations of the Institu-
tion allow the admission of all proper subjects who are not un-
der eight or above twenty-one years of age.
It must be borne in mind, however, by the friends of blind
children, that though they have the privilege of sending them
to the Institution at a later period than the one mentioned as the
best, yet it is of the highest importance that they should be sent
within said period; for as they grow older their neglected pow-
36.
ers lose their susceptibility for cultivation, rendering the train-
ing more and more difficult, until they become wholly incapaci-
tated for receiving such an education as will fit them for a life
of usefulness, independence and happiness. It is not uncom-
mon to witness results of this kind, arising out of the morbid
tenderness with which a blind child is frequently regarded by
his friends, rendering them unwilling to trust him, at the proper
age, to the care of strangers, lest some harm should befall him.
Indeed every year's experience serves to indicate more clearly
the lamentable prevalence of this unjust neglect; as there are
constantly applying for admission into the several Institutions
of the country, those whose melancholy lot it is to lead a life of
hopeless ignorance and dependence, but who might, with proper
training in early youth, have become happy and useful members
of society, maintaining themselves comfortably and respect-
ably.
The term of instruction is not limited to any definite number
of years, but is determined in each individual case by the ac-
quirements of the pupil and consequent fitness for graduating.
The length of each one's term will of course depend upon his
aptness to learn, and the extent of the course to be pursued.
The session of the Institution commences on the second
Wednesday of September in each year, and closes on the next
to the last Wednesday of June following; leaving a vacation
of more than two months, during which time the pupils have
an opportunity of visiting their homes and replenishing their
clothing.
Parents of blind children are cordially invited to visit the In-
stitution, that they may decide from their own observations
whether it is best to send them here.
All persons are requested to send the names and addresses of
blind children of their acquaintance to the Superintendent.
T. H. LITTLE,
Institution /or the Blind^
Janesville, Wis.
37
Valuable information in regard to a kindred Institution is
contained in the following.
NOTE.
The Wisconsin Institution fob the Education op the
Deaf and Dumb, located at Delavan, Walworth Co., is free to
the deaf and dumb of the State, and will receive those who are
too deaf to be taught in the common schools. Pupils are ad-
mitted between the ages of ten and twenty-five. The term be-
gins on the first Wednesday of September.
For further information address the principal of the Institu-
tion for the Deaf and Dumb, Delavan, Wis.
•
DOCUMENT No. 9.
/ TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OP THE
Wisconsin Institute for the Education
of the Deaf and Dumb,
For the Fiscal Tear ending October isf^ 1871-
Located at Delavan, Wis..
/
MADISON, WIS. :
ATWOOD ft CULTEB, PRINTERS A3S(D 8TERB0TTPER8.
1872.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washbubn,
Governor of the State of Wiscoiiain:
I have the honor of presenting you herewith the Twenty-
First Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin
Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb.
C. D. LONG,
Secretary of the
Board of Trustees.
Delavan, Nov. 18, 1872.
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BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Term JExpireg April, 1878.
A. L. Chapin, - - Beloit, • - Bock Comity.
H. S. Blood, - Appleton, - - Outagamie County.
Term JSxpires April, 1874.
A. H. Babnes, • • Delavan, • . Walworth County.
Term JSxpires April, 1875.
HoLus Lathah. '• - Elkhom, - Walworth County,
James Abam, - • Delavan, - - Walworth County.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
A. n. BARNES,
President.
C. D. LONG,
Secretarif.
A. D. THOMAS-
Treaturer.
Executive Comkittee.
H. LATHAM, J. ARAM, A. H. BARNES.
OFFICERS.
FRLNCIPAL.
GEO. L. WEED, Jr., M. A.
nffSTSUCTOBS.
L. Eddy, M. A. G. F. Schilling, M. A.
Z. G. McCoy, E. F. Valbntinb, M. A.
H. Phillips. C. L. Williams.
Emily Eddy. Maby Johnsok.
Philip Englbhabdt.
MATBON.
Mrs. LuTHEBA J. Hill.
physician.
D. B. Deyendobp, M. D.
MASTEB OF CABDVET^BHOP.
Emanuel Young.
MASTEB OF SHOE SHOP.
Chables H. Rideout.
CLEBK.
A. J. WOODBUBY.
ENOIKEEB.
D. T. GiFPOBD.
TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washbubn,
Governor of Wisconsin:
The members of the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin
Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, respectfully
submit their twenty-first annual report for the year ending Sep-
tember 30, 1872:
For such changes as have transpired among the officers of the
school, we refer you to the accompanying report of the Prin-
pal.
The amount appropriated for current expenses for the year
ending March 1, 1872, was thirty*seven thousand nine hundred
and forty-nine dollars ($37,949), which, with the amount on hand
October 1, 1871, (as per report of 1871), and the amount re-
ceived during the year, from miscellaneous sources, amount to
the sum of fifty-twa thousand seven hundred and eleven dollars
and ninety-four cents ($62,711.94.)
The amount actually expended from September 30, 1871, to
September 30, 1872, is thirty-four thousand one hundred and
seventy-four dollars and thirty-four cents ($34,174.34.)
The estimated expenses from September 30, 1872, to March
1, 1873 (not including salaries for January and February, 1873),
are eleven thousand eight hundred and forty*one dollars ($11,-
841.)
Salaries for January and February, 1873, two thousand four
hundred dollars ($2,400), making for actual expenses for the year
ending September 30, 1872, and the estimated expenses from
September 30, 1872, to March 1, 1873, forty-eight thousand four
hundred and fifteen dollars and thirty-seven cents ($48,415.37),
8
leaving a balance on hand, March 1, 1873, of four thousand two
hundred and ninety-six dollars and fiftj-seven cents ($4,296.57).
In explanation of the fact that we have not, during the year
just closed, used the amount appropriated for current expenses,
we would say that we have been able to purchase meats and
most kinds of farm products on more favorable terms than at
any former period within many years, and probably cheaper
than we can reasonably hope in the future.
We have been fortunate in the purchase of coal. By our
contract, the coal for the institution is delivered on the track at
Delavan at $9.75 per ton, being but a trifle in excess of the price
now at Chicago, Racine and Milwaukee.
We think that we are safe in saying that the amount unex-
pended March Ist, 1873, of the last appropriation, will be suffi-
cient to pay the current expenses of the Institution to April
1st, 1873.
Our estimates, therefore, are for the year ending April Ist,
1874.
For current expenses, for the year commencing April 1st,
1873, we aric for an appropriation of thirty-eight thoasand three
himdred and eighty-nine dollars ($38,389).
Iti the estimates presented, we have endeavored to give to
the subject that careful consideration which a prudent business
man would give to his own individual afiairs.
In our last report we called attention to the fact that the
present building was inadequate to the wants of the institution,
and that additional accommodations were necessary. We were
not able to mature our plans and procure estimates to be made
in time to submit the same to the last legislature. During the
past season we have agreed upon a plan, and procured careful
estimates to be made by E. T. Mix, architect, for the erection
of a wing, or additional building, which it is believed will fur-
nish sufficient room for the accommodation (with our present
accommodations) of a school of from two hundred and seventy-
five to three hundred pupils.
The estimate of the architect for this addition is thirty-five
thousand dollars ($35,000), the erection of which will require
9
two years. The appropriation should be about equally divided,
so as two have one half each year. The erection of this addi-
tion should be commenced at the earliest possible moment. Our
dormitories are crowded and insufficient to meet our present
wants. We have no proper accommodation for children when
sick.
Our kitchen answered well till we had a school of about one
hundred. It is now entirely insufficient. We have not suffi-
cient accommodations for laundry purposes. Our dining room
is full to overflowing.
In order to get through the last year the library room was di-
vided into school and sleeping rooms by temporary partitions to
meet immediate and pressing necessities.
The following is the itemized estimates [of current expenses
for the jear commencing April 1, 1873:
Atua^ements and Means of Instruction f400
Clothing and Expenses for Indigent Pupils 1, 000
Drugs and Medicines 100
Farm, Bam and Stock 800
Fuel •. 8,500
House Furnishing .- . 2, IMK)
Lijjhts 500
Miscellaneous 1, 550
Repairs 1,600
Permanent Improvements * - " : 700
Subsistence 9, 824
Salaries and Wages 16, 156
$88,889
In conclusion, the Board of Trustees are most happy to say,
that under the efficient and watchful care of the Principal,
the Institution, is pressing forward in its career of usefulnesflii
promising^ with the necessary means, the accomplishment of
the great design of the institution.
Respectfully submitted,
C. D. LONG,
Secretary.
REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL
To the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Institute for t/ie
Deaf and Dumb:
Gentlemen: Since the last report, this Institute, the super-
vision of whose interests is committed to you, has completed
the twentieth year of its history. Its original number of pupils
has multiplied nearly nineteen fold ; and it enters upon its sec-
ond score of years as upon an advanced stage, full of promise
and hope.
The organization and establishment of an institution of this
kind involves labors abundant and time protracted. Some men
must labor and other men enter into their labors before the full
measure of success is realized, or the institute is prepared to
accomplish its grandest results. Therefore, while we rejoice in
present prosperity, we may justly remember those who have laid
the foundation on which we build.
CHANGES.
Since the last report, two changes have occurred in the do-
mestic department. Miss Boyce, who had acted as Assistant
Matron, and subseqilently. Miss Cornell, who had held the posi-
tion of Matron, have left ; the one to assume domestic duties
in a new home, and the other to accept a position in the Ohio
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.
In the intellectual department, the corps of instructors remains
the same as last year, with the addition of Mr. Philip Engle-
hardt, who is temporarily employed to take charge of an extra
class, made necessary by the prospect of more new pupils than
should be comprised in one class, and by the impracticability of
11
classifying the present school into eight divisions. Mr. Engle-
hardt is a graduate of the Instisute, who, after completing his
course here, pursued advanced studies at the Naticmal Deaf
Mute College in Washington.
ATTENDANCE.
The attendance of pupils has been larger than ever before,
though not quite as large as was anticipated, owing to some
having been detained at home on account of their own sickness
or that of friends; to some having been refused full admission,
after it became evident that they were not proper subjects; to
some not being sent at the proper time, and to some not having
come for causes unknown. As seen in the tabular statement,
appended to the accompanying list of pupils, the whole number
connected with the school during the year is one hundred and
sixty-four, of whom one hundred and forty-four were in attend-
ance on the first of the present month.
It is evident that the present rate of increase cannot long be
continued without enlarged accommodations; our present not
being sufficient for the number that should now be in attend-
ance.
INPBOVEMENTS.
Within the past year the domestic department has been
greatly improved. The dormitories have received special atten-
tion. They have been to a great extent renovated. Much of
the furniture had been in use many years — some of it since the
commencement of the school — and, though rickety, had been
compelled to do constant service. The bedding had been in
use longer than was desirable. Our dormitories now present
a cheerful and comfortable appearance, and are in a condition
which contributes much to the health of so large a family.
The addition of a cistern is of special value. Other changes
have contributed to comfort, health, convenience and attract-
iveness, which combine to secure the best results.
12
WINTKB VACATION.
It has been the custom for several years to suspend school
exercises during the holidays. This vacation is nominally a
week or ten days, but practically a longer time. There are sev-
eral objections to its continuance. The difficulty of travel at
that season of the year, especially for deaf mute children, ex-
posed to inconveniences, if not dangers, from which they are
free in summer travel, will be readily understood. So fully are
these felt by the parents of pupils that, for several years, not
more than one-third of them have improved the opportunity of
seeing their children at that time. Also, as might be expected
one-third of those who do go home, do not retun\ in proper
time; so that classes are interrupted in their studies, and the
school is not restored to its ordinary condition for two or three
weeks from the time its exercises were suspended. Oftentimes
sickness follows the return of those who do go home, occasioned
by indulgences to which they have been tempted in holiday fes-
tivities. In addition to all this, the care of one hundred chil-
dren and youth, out of school, is a serious burden, without any
compensating advantage. The ditkiinution of pupils for so short
a time does not materially diminish the expense of the house-
hold, as the establishment must be kept up in most respects as
if the number were complete; whereas if this vacation were
added to the summer vacation, there would be the saving of a
considerable amount. In view of these considerations, and oth-
ers which are minor, yet important, it seems proper to discon-
tinue the winter vacation.
THE INSTITUTE A SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF.
Hon. Samuel Fallows, Superintendent of Public Instruction,
has in his last report, recognized this Institute as one of the ed-
ucational interests of the state. The position here assigned
it is proper, inasmuch as it is a school, for the instruction of a
particular class; not an asylum merely, whose inmates are to be
regarded chiefly as objects of charity.
Tuition is furnished, as in any public school, by the state.
13 '
The limited number of children and youth who are proper sub-
jects for instruction here, and their distance from each other,
make it necessary to collect them at one point, which involves
domestic as well as school accommodations. Some require aid
beyond this; so the Institute has a benevolent character which
entitles it as such to sympathy and support. But its main fea-
ture is defined in its name — " The Wisconsin Institute for the
Education of the Deaf and Dumb." The propriety of recog-
nizing the distinction between its educational and charitable
aims, is apparent from the fact that it has been necessay to re-
ject several applications by parents who had the latter idea
chiefly or only in view, while their children could not properly
be admitted for intellectual training.
Another misapprehension of the design of the school is illus-
trated by the claim made in some instances, that the Institute
is " for the Deaf," and " for the Dumb," instead of the " Deaf
and Dumb." A moment's thought will satisfy any intelligent
mind, that our method of instruction is necessarily based upon
deafness^ and that the chid who has its hearing can learn faster
anywhere else than hce. Our medium of instruction is the
sign language, which is a substitute for written and spoken
language; it is used under pecular disadvantages, and because
there is no other method of reaching the uneducated deaf.
Could we only gain access to the ear, we would gladly speak
the word instead of make the sign. Where this can be done,
there is no propriety in employing an unnecssary and less
practicable substitute. It might save ambiguity in the minds
of some if our school were named. The Institute for the Deaf.
THE SCHOOL PERIOD.
There seems to exist a misapprehension of the length of time
to which pupils are entitled. The following action of the Board
of Trustees is a definite^ expression, which is introduced here
that it may attract the attention of parents and guardians :
1. " The regular course of study in this Institute shall occupy
five years, to which all pupils shall be entitled, provided their
progress in study or general training shall justify their reten-
14
tion during that period ; and the Principal, with the approval of
the Board, may require the removal, at any time, of any pupils
whose progress is not such as to warrant their continuance. It
is moreover understood that parents or guardians will allow
their children to remain during five years, unless their stay is
shortened by removal or Providential circumstances."
2. ^^ When five years of improvement give promise that more
time would be of special advantage to the pupil, an additional
period may be allowed."
It should be noticed that five years is the term allowed an
ordinary pupil; and if any, on account of superior ability, or
diligence, or attainment, secure additional time, none should
feel that injustice or partiality has limited the opportunities of
those discharged at the end of the only period for which obliga-
tion has been assumed by the Institute. It is hoped and ex-
pected that within that time such an education can be secured
as will be of great value. While we would gladly extend the
period for all, we are not justified in so doing beyond the limits
indicated. It should also be remarked that this recent action of
the Board is chiefly a re-statement of a former regulation,
which, in the course of years, had become erroneously con-
strued, until some who were entitled to only the minimum
period, felt that they could justly claim the maximum.
SOCIAL LIFE OF THE DEAF AND DUMB.
At home deaf mutes are isolated. However much the kind-
est of parents and friends may contribute to their comfort and
happiness, many wants are unsupplied. The deaf mute ever pre-
serves, and is conscious of preserving, a separateness from his
fellow-men. If he has never had hearing, this consciousness is
not as distinct and oppressive as it is when a blessing has been
lost. He wanders among men, but does not seem to be of them.
Some of the charms of social life are, his, but not all of them. .
It is not strange therefore if the Institute life is one of special
enjoyment. The very affliction which robs home of some of its
joys, is a bond of interest and sympathy and pleasure, which is
found nowhere else. To the question sometimes asked — ^^ Are
15
they not sad?*' — we can in reply give assurance of joyousness
in school life, that is far removed frc»n that sadness -which we are
so ready to associate with permanent deafness. They forget
however what we constantly remember — that these days of so-
cial life among themselves are very brief; and that, after all we
can do to fit them for the society whence they came^ and of
which they will be more completly than before their educationi
a part, then will follow a period, ending only with life, during
which certain wants of [their nature must remain unsatisfied.
Such facts suggest the duty — we might ratheri say the priv-
ilege—of surrounding them while in school, with every influ-
ence that may properly contribute to their social enjoyment.
INFORMATION AND CO-OPERATION NEEDED.
In the last report it was suggested that special effort is de-
manded to make known our Institute, and to secure the attend-
ance of all of those who should receive its benefits. While the
number of pupils has been gradually increasing for several years,
the pro{>ortion of increase to the number of deaf mutes in the
state, who should be received, is far too small. It is certain
that we cannot depend on parents of deaf mutes to take the in-
itiative in the education of their children. Of thirty-six appli-
cations, formal and informal, received within the past year, not
more than one-third of them were by the parents of the candi-
dates for admiBsion. Intelligent neighbors have done quite as
much as they. Could some of them see the results of compara-
tively little effort on their part — ^the improvement of the child-
ren they have been instrumental in sending here — ^they would
feel amply rewarded. Much has been done by correspondence,
and this means will be diligently employed. Personal visitation
may secure what mere correspondence cannot. But many fam-
ilies with deaf-mute members are distant from the centers of
intelligence. Census returns have proved only a partial aid in
discovering them. Parents are often reluctant fo trust their
unfortunate children to strangers; and, saddest of all, some are
willing that their own sons and daughters should grovr up to
manhood and womanhood in the darkness of an ignorance al-
16
most total, rather than to be deprived of their manual Jabor.
Some are ignorant of the improvement to which the deaf are
susceptible.
Such considerations and others combine to illustrate the dif-
ficulty of securing a full attendance, and the necessity of the
co-operation of legislators, teachers, clergymen, editors, educa-
tional and benevolent committees and boards, and of intelligent
citizens generally.
OFFICIAL VISITS.
From the nature of the case it is difficult to estimate the
work entrusted to our care. Questions such as these: What
should be expected? What are the best methods to be em-
ployed? Have proper results been secured? are not easily
answered. There are diflSculties involved which none can fully
know without contact with the work itself, or even an experi-
ence in it. It is not strange if sometimes it is overrated; some-
times underrated.
In reviewing the events of the year, we recall with special
satisfaction the jttst and kind manner in which examinations of
the Institute have been conducted by those appointed to do so;
and the appreciation they have manifested of whatever has
been attempted by those to whom its interests have been directly
committed. The visits of the legislative committees, and of the
State Board of Charities and Reform, and of the Governor of
the state, and of others, have proved an encouragement to offi-
cers and pupils. The endeavor, on such occasions, has been to
present ordinary methods and results — the everyday life of the
Institute — rather than exceptional possibilities or well prepared
exhibitions.
COXCLUSIOX.
I have the pleasure of reporting to you the apparent co-oper-
ation of those associated with me in the management of our
large familjUs and in whatever pertains to their intellectual pro-
gress or training in household duties. Constant supervision
and instraction, patient forbearance, guarded deportment, a
17
lively sympathy, a studied adaptation to a peculiar work, union
in purpose and action — these are conditions on which the best
results depend, and there is a constant endeavor to secure
them.
Recognizing the entire work here as a trust, committed by
you and the State, conscious continually of the responsibility of
one who undertakes its immediate supervision, and wishing to
be guided by your united wisdom, and that which is better than
all human, this record is
Respectfully submitted.
GEO. L. WEED, Jr.,
Dblavan, October 29, 1872.
2— D. A D. (Doc. 9.)
18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
The following papers have been sent to the Institute gratu-
itously, for which editors and proprietors will please accept
thanks :
Wisconsin State Journal.
Janesville Gazette.
Burlington Standard.
Racine Advocate.
Beloit Free Press.
Chicago Post.
Northwestern Christian Advocate.
Delavan Republican.
Badger State Banner.
Fond du Lac Commonwealth.
Jefferson Republican, (Arkansas.)
Whitewater Register.
Deaf Mutes' Gazette.
Mutes' Chronicle.
Deaf Mutes' Home Circle.
Deaf Mutes' Advance.
Deaf Mute Pelican.
Silent World.
Mexico Independent.
La Crosse Republioan and Leader.
Special favors have been granted on the following railroads :
The Western Union.
The Milwaukee and St, Paul.
The Chicago and Northwestern,
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
To the Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Institution for the
Deaf and Dumb:
•
Gentlembn — In respect to the health of the pupils in the
Institution during the year just closed, I can only say that they
have suffered but little from sickness.
There has been no prevailing disease, and only one case of a
grave character, which was typhoid fever of three weeks' dura-
in, a nd so severe as to seriously endanger the life of the pa-
tient. I am pleased to be able to state that the boy has fully
recovered and is able to pursue his studies.
There have been but few accidents, all of which were slight,
and required but little surgical treatment.
I have taken the precaution to vacinate and re-vacinate every
pupil and nearly every person in the Institution annually, and
the result has been to impress us with the confidence that all
were protected from that loathsome disease, small-pox, which
has raged so fearfully in the surrounding cities for the last two
or three years.
Although the rooms and dormitories are well ventilated and
kept, they are too small to afford convenience and comfort
requisite for the number of pupils occupying them; and I would
respectfully call your attention again to the propriety of having
more room, which would insure good health, and in case of an
epidemic or a disease of a contagious character, would admit of
the pupils being separated, as circumstances might require, so
as to prevent its extension.
All appear cheerful and happy, and at all times respectful;
and while in discharge of my duties I am always impressed
20
with the idea that I am in the midst of a large and well disci-
plined family.
It affords me pleasure to state that a particular regard to the
general health and welfare of the pupils, has characterized the
action of the Principal, Teachers, Matron and attendants of this
Institution, as well as of this Board.
D. B. DEVENDORF, M. D.,
Physician in charge.
Dblavan, Oct. 15, 1872.
I
TREASURER'S REPORT.
To the Honorable Board of Trustees of the Wisconsin Insti-
tute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb:
Gbntlsmsn : — The following is an exhibit of all moneys re-
ceived and paid out by me since my last report:
187X
Oct. 1.
1873
Oct. 1
Oct. 1
Dr.
To amount on hand.
To amomit received from State Treasurer
To amount from Principal, as receipts from shops
and miscellaneous sources
$2,606 42
39,893 75
724 52
Cn.
$43,224 69
By payment of orders from No. 481 to 1,018 ;$34,174 37
Balance on hand
Amount in hands of State Treasurer
$9,050 32
9,487 25
$18,587 57
Dated Oct. 1, 1872.
Yours reepectfuUy,
A. D. THOMAS,
Treasurer of 2>. and D. Inst.
22
LIST OF ORDERS PAID
Dusing the year ending September 30, 1872.
Bats.
1871
Oct. 13
Oct. 13
Oct. 15
Oct. 15
Oct. 21
Oct. 23
Oct. 24
Oct. 27
Oct. 27
Oct. 27
Oct. 27
Oct. 28
Not.
Nov.
Nov.
1
1
1
Nov. 1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 4
Nov. 4
Nov. 7
Nov. 8
Nov. 8
Nov. 8
Nov. 10
Nov. 10
Nov. 10
Nov. 13
Nov. 18
Nov. 18
Nov. 18
Nov. 28
Nov. 18
Nov. 20
Nov. 21
Nov. 21
No.
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
504
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
510
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
526
527
H* Fleming, butter
J. B. Smith, butter
F. Williams, squash, beets, etc
O. 8. Paul, butter
C. B- Morehouse, cranberries
E. F. Garney, butter
E. F. Gamsey, butter
Isabel Johnson, wages
G. F. Schilling, cabbages
D. B. Barnes, wood
E. F. Garnsey, butter and eggs
G. F. Flanders, butter
Total for October
A. L. Chapin, expenses as trustee
C. D. Long, expenses as trustee
C. D. Long, salary as secretary
A. H. Barnes, expenses as trustee . . .
HoUis Latham, expenses as trustee. .
H. L. Blood, expenses as trustee
C. H. Ridout, salary
Whitney & Lowe, meat for October.
Coburn & McKee, hardw^are
A. J. Woodbury, clerk's cash account
M. J. White, freight for October
H. B. Morgan, butter
C. Cahill, crab apples
A. D. Seaman <& Co., office table
Edward A. Fay, American Annals. . .
T. H. Little, brooms
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Pat Wier, cabbage
Chas. T. Smith, potatoes
Morris Fleming, labor
M. Mulville, postage stamps
T. Thomas, bcdsteods
J. M. Kull, apples
Lyon & Bro., butter
John Alcott, beets
C. B. Jones butter
James A. Dudley, painting
J. B. Lippincott, books ana papers . .
Lyon & Bro. butter
G. F. Flanders, butter
Henrj' Fleming, butter
Ra.«(well Burt, soft soap
Phelps & Utter, flour and feed
E. E. Boyce, salary
J. B. Smith, butter
Amount. Monthtytot
16 20
24 70
12 68
6 80
13 33
12 98
8 64
9 75
3 36
49 37
17 30
25 23
12 70
49 75
50 00
42 75
79 20
28 00
25 00
217 89
32 79
79 60
24 30
29 67
3 75
17 00
45 00
5 00
193 73
5 70
219 13
12 25
9 99
16 00
133 14
51 81
9 00
4 40
15 00
9 50
72 21
21 86
23 10
25 50
351 62
35 87
27 17
$190 34
23
Ifist of Orders Paid — continued.
r
ate.
1871
Nov. 2
Nov. 23
Nov. 26
Nov. 26
Nov. 29
Nov. 80
Dec. 1
Dec. 5
Dec. 6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec. 11
Dec. 16
Dec. 18
Dec. 19
Dec. 19
Dec. 20
Dee. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
Dec. 20
No.
628
629
680
631
632
638
634
686
686
687
688
639
640
641
642
643
644
646
646
647
648
649
660
661
662
663
664
666
666
667
668
669
660
661
662
663
664
666
666
567
668
669
670
671
572
678
574
576
676
677
To whom and for what paid.
E. C. Stone, to settle account
A. J. Woodbury, acc't with pupils. . .
John Allott, vegetables
M. W. Chapman, butter
C. B. Jones, butter
Bcribner & Co., Scribner's Monthly . .
Total paid in November
Hammersley & Co., books
D. G. Foster, beans
Geo. L. Weed, Jr., for John L. Shorey,
books etc
M. J. White, freight for Nov
A. J. Woodbury, clerk's cash acc't. . .
John Allott, meat for Nov
J. B. Bossi, stone for sewer
D. L. Shader, papers, etc
J. H. Camp, drugs and sundries . . . .
Atwater & Co., casting
J. B. Smith, butter
O. B. Burt, vegetables
G. Pflster, leather
Judd & Co., gasoline
Hoffman, Billings & Co., sVm flt'gs, etc
Goldsmith & Co., carpets
Blair & Persons, crockery and cutVy .
Green & Button, brushes
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
A. D. Seaman & Co., furniture
G. F. Flanders, butter
Fleming H. Revel, papers
S. Brainard, straw
Jane Bibbins, chickens and butter. . .
Dennis Cronin, cabbages
Field, Leiter & Co., drjr goods
George L. Weed, Jr., salary
Leveus Eddy do
C. If. Williams do
G. F. Schilling do
E. G. Valentine do
Emily Eddy do
Mary Johnson do
Z. G. McCoy do
Hiram Phillips do
A. J. Woodbury do
A. J. Cornell do
L. J.Hill do
E. Young do
D. T. Gifford do
C. H. Rideout do
Maurice Fleming, Wages
R. W.Harris do
Lois E. Nedry do
Amount.
MonthlT tot.
138 26
64 50
8 50
27 23
400
6 00
7 12
11 32
10 67
20 77
69 94
226 64
9 00
7 86
24 71
12 05
31 24
14 10
159 71
9 26
213 61
68 44
53 88
16 00
86 84
103 50
12 49
2 25
4 50
4 10
11 00
172 81
375 00
387 50
262 50
262 50
200 00
150 00
87 50
225 00
225 00
126 00
100 00
75 00
225 00
285 65
187 50
100 00
72 66
28 60
$2,126 86
24
List of Orders paid — continued.
Pate.
2
2
2
1878
Dec. 2
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec. 2
Ded. 2
Dec. 2
Dec. 23
Dec. 23
Dec. 23
Dec. 20
Dec. 21
Dec. 27
5
2
5
5
5
5
6
8
1872
Jan. 1
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan. 10
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 1
Jan. 12
Jan. 15
Jan. 15
Jan. 22
Jan. 24
Jan. 25
Jan. 26
Jan. 81
Feb,
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
7
7
7
7
7
7
No.
587
579
580.
581
582
583
583
585
586
588
589
590
591
591
598
594
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
To whom and for wbat paid.
A. M. Faulkner wages.
Julia McCarty do. . .
Annie Lee do . . .
Kate Culien do. ..
Kate Cline do...
Maggie Delaney do. . ,
Maggie Hageman do. . .
Jbhana Sampson do. . .
Mattie Olesen do. . .
Carrie Peterson do. . .
Maurice Fleming, cabbages . .
Wiiliam Holmes, wood
D. B. Devendorf, salary
Total paid for December. . .
W. B. Moffat, masonwork and mater'l.
Julia McCarty, house cleaning
H. W. Wood, honey
M. Mulville, postage and stamps
R. M. Williams, painting cutter
Michael McCarty, cow
Whitnay and Lowe, meat for Dec. . . .
William Holmes, wood ,
Timothy Duggan, labor
E. F. Gumsev, eggs
G.W.Bushnell, carriages for Vis'g com
A. Schultz, harness repairs and robes.
K. N. Hollister, flavoring ext's, ctcs. .
W. Isham, hardware
J. H. Goodrich, groceries
J. J. Watson & Co., lumber
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods
Atwood & Culver, printing reports. . .
F. C. Varnish Co., gasoline
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
H. M. Wilmarth & Bro., gas chimne}^
Geo. L. Weed, Jr., expenses
C. D. Long, salary as secretary
M. J. White, R. ft. freight, Dec
D. A. Hall, butter and eggs
E. W. Phelps, groceries
West & Co., books, stationery, etc
D. B. Devendorf, medicine
D. B. Barnes, wood
D. A. Stevens, brooms
Total paid in January
Atwater & Co., feed
H. Latham, vinegar
E. L. Shader^papers
W. M. & E. Wells, dry goods
R. H. James, groceries
Whitney & Lowe, meat for January. .
Amount.
Total.
$45 50
89 00
89 00
89 00
86 00
32 60
82 50
82 50
22 50
82 50
8 00
75 00
83 60
20 80
7 00
20 97
19 18
10 00
40 00
286 77
60 00
9 87
8 05
5 00
59 85
6 85
87 27
73 65
74 65
12 00
30 00
72 35
192 38
18 00
8 50
25 00
27 90
27 56
47 70
16 21
10 00
80 00
8 00
10 82
800
7 10
70 57
84 81
170 97
$5,048 96
11,294 96
26
List of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
No.
1872.
Feb. 7
627
Feb. 7
628
Feb. 8
629
Feb. 8
680
Feb. 8
681
Feb. 8
682
Feb. 10
683
Feb. 14
684
Feb. 14
685
Feb. 15
686
Feb. 15
687
Feb. 16
688
Feb. 17
689
Feb. 20
640
Feb. 20
641
Feb. 29
642
To whom and for what paid.
Mar. 1
Mar. 2
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 6
Mar. 7
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 8
Mar. 14
Mar. 20
Mar. 20
Mar. 25
Mar. 25
Mar. 26
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
648
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
658
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
668
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
678
674
675
676
M. J. White, railroad freight for Jan.
A. J. Woodbury, cash account
G. Pfister, leather and findings
G. Eberle & Co., hard soap
American Tract Society, books
Hoffman, Billings & Co.,8t*m watfit.
M. Melville, P. M., stamps and env. .
C. S. Babcock, straw
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
John M. Eull, dried apples
M. J. White, railroad freight
J. C. Burt, soft soap
F. Wheeler, butter and eggs
T. Duggan, labor
I. L. Feet, slates
Phelps & Utter, flour and feed
Totalpaid in February
Geo. L. Weed, Jr., for indigent pupils
M. J. White, railroad freight
Lois Nedry, wages
Geo. L. Weed, Jr., expenses
John Allott, meat for February
J. J. Watson & Co., one door
J. W. Patterson, dry goods
Strow & Donahue, cleaning cistern . .
G. Pfister, leather and findings
Forest City Varnish Co., gasoline
Hoffman, Billings & Co., steam fitt'gs
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Glen Wood, books
R. H. Post, books
A. H. Andrews & Co., maps and globe.
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods
S. C. Grigffs & Co., books and statin*y
L. Barnes, butter
G. H. Briggs, drugs, paints, oils, etc. .
C. D. Long, salary as secretary
P. M. Latimer, butter
Order not used.
Totalpaid in March . ,
Geo. L. Weed, Jr., salary
E. G. Valentine do
L. Eddy do
C. L. Williams do
H.Phillips do
G. P. Schilling do
Z. G. McCoy do
Mary Johnson do
E. Eddjr do
A. J. Woodbury. . . .do
E. Younc. do
D. T. GiSbrd do
Amount.
$12 17
81 70
178 81
50 40
5 32
46 79
81 28
5 00
297 98
29 80
21 60
20 00
25 61
4 50
88 00
482 89
187 20
6 47
27 00
12 45
191 85
3 75
11 63
15 00
44 12
76 18
18 56
54 59
14 06
6 12
22 58
78 12
48 88
8 72
89 60
25 00
85 58
875 00
200 00
887 50
262 50
225 00
262 50
225 00
87 50
150 00
125 00
225 00
250 00
Monthly tot.
$1,682 52
921,85
26
lAat of Orders Paid — con.
Date.
1872
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 1
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 4
April 5
April 5
April 5
April 6
April 8
April 8
Aprl 11
Aprl23
Aprl 23
Aprl 24
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
690
700
702
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
To whom and for what paid.
2
719
2
720
2
721
2
722
2
723
8
724
8
725
3
726
8
727
8
728
8
729
Amount.
A. J. Cornell, salary
Luthera Hill, salary
M. J. Flemming wages
R. W. Harris do..
A. M. Faulkner do. .
Julia McCarty do..
Annie Lee do. .
Kate Cullen do. .
Kate Kline do. .
Maggie Delaney do. .
Johanna Sampson. . . .do. .
Mattie Oleson do. .
Carrie Peterson do. .
Maggie Hagcman ... .do. .
Lois Nedry do..
D. B. Devendorf , salary . . .
C. H. Rideout, wages foi wife sewingi
E. W. Phelps, groceries
W. Isham, hardware and repairing. .
E. M. Sharpe & Bro., groceries
P. Grassie & Co., groceries
1100
75
100
60
45
45
89
89
89
82
82
82
82
32
4
31
6
26
68
52
"Whitney, Lowe & t)o., meat for March| 195
J. M. Smith, blacksmithing
A. J. Woodbury, cash account
M. Mulville, postage and postage stps
Hatch, Hoi brook & Co., cherry lum .'.
G. Pfister, leather and findings
West & Co., books and stationary
Not used
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Carrie Peterson, wages
A Smith, butter and eggs
M. J. White, railroad freight
J. C. Burt, soap
M. E. H. Payne, sewing machine, etc.
Harper Bro., papers
C. B. Jones, butter, eggs and apples. .
I. L. Pect, expenses on iraporta goods
M. J. AVhite, railroad freight
P. E. Jones, butter
Total paid in April
Hoffman, Billings &Co.,diffr. in pmp
G. Eberle & Co., hard soap
John Allott, meat for April
Walton & Francisco, blacksmithing
Geo. L. Weed, jr., for indigent pupils
T. Duggan, wages
H. M. Wilmarth & Bro., gas fixtures.
H. M. Wilmarth & Bro., gas fixtures.
West & Co., books and stationery. . . ,
Blair & Persons, glass ware, etc. . . .
Ball & Goodrich^ groceries
223
12
00
00
00
00
50
50
00
00
00
50
50
50
50
50
50
25
00
30
50
68
75
21
30
15
19
00
86
70
Monthly tot
14,735 92
27
List of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
1872.
May 2
May 4
May 7
May 9
May 11
May 16
May 18
May 22
May 25
No.
1
4
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June 5
June 5
June 6
June 6
June 6
June 6
June 6
June 6
June 6
June Q
June Q
June 8
June 11
Junell
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 13
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 18
June 13
June 18
June 13
June 18
June 18
June 18
780
781
782
788
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
748
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
758
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
768
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
To whom and /or what paid.
Amount.
Strickland & Co., stationery, etc
L. Barnes, butter
C. E. Ferow, soft soap
C. B. Jones, butter and eggs
R. W. Harris, wages :
E. Stowell, straw
Thomas Sullivan, digging out ditch. .
Arthur Bowers, butter
Dennis Cronin, plowing garden
Total paid in May
C. B. Jones, butter and eggs
Remain Calkins, apples
J. C. Burt, soap
Amos Phelps, flour and feed
Order not used.
Atwater & Co., castings for school d'sks
Whitney, Lowe & Co., meat for May. .
Geo. L. Weed, Jr.. expenses . .».
A. E. Hale, boiler insurance
D. B. Barnes, drugs, paints, oils, etc .
D. L. Shader, papers, etc
H. M. Norris, sink pattern
H. J. Ross & Co., lumber
J. H. Goodrich, groceries
M. J. White, R. R. freight
A, J. Woodbury, clerk's cash account
M. J. White, express charges
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Blair & Persons, crockery and glassw.
A. D. Seaman & Co., moulding, etc. .
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
John Jearmark, brooms
A. Vandyke, printing
A. Bowers, butter
D. B. Devendorf, . . .salary
Geo. L. Weed, Jr.,. . . .do
E. G. Valentine do
C. L. Williams, dd
L. Eddy, do
Hiram Phillips, do
G. F. Schilling do
Z. G. McCoy do
E.Eddv do
Mary Johnson, do
A. J. Woodbuiy, do
E. Youfagj do
D. T. GiSbrd, do
C. H. Rideont, do
A. J. Cornell, do
L. J. Hill, do
A. M. Faulkner, wages
Julia McCarty do
Annie Lee do
<d6 25
440
9 37
10 07
24 00
4 00
15 53
4 62
8 50
17 34
5 40
24 00
352 50
67 30
198 52
10 00
56 25
47 62
8 55
10 50
48 61
40 53
6 27
9 49
6 20
158 78
133 35
4 90
49 70
6 37
7 00
8 16
31 25
375 00
200 00
262 50
387 50
225 00
262 50
225 00
150 00
87 50
125 00
225 00
250 00
137 50
100 00
75 00
45 50
38 50
39 00
Monthly tot
$887 79
28
Xfiat of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
1872
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 13
June 14
June 10
June 20
June 29
June 29
June 29
July
July
July
Juy
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
J«y
Juy
Juy
July
July
July
July
J'uly
July
July
July
July
July
July
Juy
July
July
Aug. 8
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
1
798
3
799
8
800
3
801
3
802
3
802
3
804
8
805
3
806
3
807
3
808
3
809
3
810
3
811
9
812
11
813
12
814
13
815
13
816
13
817
15
818
16
819
16
820
17
821
18
822
19
823
20
824
22
825
22
826
27
827
27
828
27
829
80
830
8
881
8
882
To whom and for what paid.
Amount.
Kate Cullen, wages
Kate Kline do
Maggie Delaney . . .do
Joanna Sampson. . .do
Maggie Hageman. .do
Lizzie Hageman. . . .do
Mattie Oleson do
Lois Nednr do
Maurice Flemming.do.'
L. Barnes, butter
H. L. Blood, expenses as trustee. . . .
Buckser & Hart, re-cutting files
Ed. Madden, drawing brick
C. B. Jones, butter
Ed. Madden, drawing brick
M. O. Wright, whitewashing
Total paid in June
H.W. Randolph, cherries and strawb's.
Tim. Duggan, wages
M. Gleason, wagjss
John Allott, meat for June
G. L. Weed. Jr., indig't pupils R. R. fare.
H. Albro, boiled cider, vinegar, etc . .
E. W. Phelps, groceries
D. L. Shader, papers
M. J. White, R. K. freight
G. H. Brings, drugs ana sundries ....
Goodrich Bros., diy goods
H. B. Dunham & Co., varnish, etc ...
Geo. L. Weed, indigent pupils' cloth'g
R. W. Harris, wages
M. A. Hall, cherries
Ira Mereness. .do
Ira Mereness . .do
M. O.Wright, whitew'g and painting.
Dennis Quinn, wages
Mattie Oleson
M. J. White, R. R. freight
M. A. Hall, cherries
T. Duggan, labor
Ira Mereness, cherries
Peter McCarty, wa^es
E. L. Harris, cherries
M. Gleason, wages
A. Van Dyke, printine circulars
Ed. Madden, drawing orick .
Louis Goltz, wages '
Kate Kline ao
Lizzie Hageman .do
John Reader, stramberrles
Total paid in July
Dennis Doyle, wages
Ed. Madden, drawing brick
$39 00
89 00
82 60
27 00
32 50
80 00
32 50
32 00
100 00
26 69
45 00
10 16
4 60
3 84
7 50
25 00
$9 55
9 00
19 12
182 87
87 80
86 40
44 96
6 05
11 95
81 22
4 40
19 98
83 27
16 00
1 84
3 20
3 50
54 87
22 50/1
2 50
15 75
4 00
80 50
6 00
28 12
2 00
7 00
5 00
15 00
21 00
12 00
10 00
3 60
»15 75
1 50
Monthly tot.
Hs 956 28
710 45
29
Ifiat of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
1873.
Aug. 5
Aug. 5
Aug. 5
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 7
Aug. 9
Aug. 13
Aug. 12
Aug. 12
Aug. 14
Aug. 17
Aug. 17
Aug. 26
Aug. 26
Aug. 27
Aug. 28
Aug. 80
Aug. 81
Aug. 81
Sep. 8
Sep. 8
888
884
885
886
887
888
889
840
841
842
858
844
845
846
847
848
849
856
851
852
858
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
868
264
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
878
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
888
To whom and for what paid.
B. S. Bangs, raaspberries
M. Mulvifle, envelopes, postage, etc. .
E. M. Irish, raspberries
A. H. Barnes, hauling sand
Qeo. Burpee, brick
Atwater & Co., iron sink, etc
M. J. White, R. R. freight
M. J. White, express charges
Chas. Perry, mason work
Geo. Gk)ve, mason work
D. Gove, mason work
B. W. Moffat, whitewashing, etc
Terry Clark, wages, labor on cistern .
Dennis Quin, wages, labor on cistern
Luscombe & Pierce, lumber
A. J. Woodbury, clerks* cash acc*t. . .
Whitn^, Lowe & Co., meat for July.
H. H. Williams, clocks, etc
Amos Phelps, ffour and feed
Hoffman, Billings & Co., steam flings
H. J. Ross & Co., lumber, lime, etc . .
Matthew Bros., chairs
H. M. Wilmarth & Bro., gas tapers . .
W. M. & E. Wells, dry goods
T. A. Chapman & Co., ary goods
E. M. Sharpe & Bro., groceries
C. A. Buttles, Hardware
Stark Bros, matting
H. B. Pearson, fire brick and clay
J. H. Camp, drugs and sundries
Smith, Roundy & Co., groceries
W. Isham, hardware, etc
F. C. Varnish Co., gasoline
M. Gleason. wages, labor on cistern .
E. A. Fay, American Annals
B. S. Bangs, apples
C. H. Johnson, eggs
D. T. Gifford, currants, etc
R. W. Harris, wages
Jennie Faulkner, wages
Henry sage, peaches
Order not used
Perry Flint, cleaning wells
M. Gleason, wages
Wm. Holmes, Cucumbers
James Brabazon, straw
E. Stowell, oats
James Brabazon, straw
C. P. Soper, potatoes
Total paia in August
A. S. Spooner, straw
M. J. White, R R. freight
Amount.
Monthly Tot.
$41 10
80 78
6 50
15 75
189 90
26 50
5 05
5 81
16 50
28 18
52 93
23 12
22 00
18 50
244 40
19 89
57 46
27 50
88 90
89 82
67 85
42 50
8 00
58 50
90 90
14 86
9 90
85 10
19 50
10 50
146 78
125 72
88 27
40 75
45 00
1 50
2 45
2 80
26 98
8 22
2 50
91,826 02
30
List of Orders Paid — continued.
6
7
7
7
7
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Date.
1872
Sept 4
Sept.
Sept
Sept.
Sept
Sept.
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept. 9
Sept 9
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept 10
Sept. 10
Sept 11
Sept 12
Sept 13
Sept 14
Sept. 14
Sept 14
Sept 14
Sept 14
Sept 18
Sept 18
Sept 18
Sept 19
Sept 19
Sept 20
Sept 23
Sept. 25
Sept. 26
Sept. 26
Sept 27
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept. 30
Sept 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
986
To whom and for what paid.
W. B. MoflFat, mason work, etc
Swan, Watkins & Co., coal
Jansen, McClurg& Co., school books
G. O. Pay, school books
J. M. Kull, apples
Louis Gk>ltz, wages
E. M. Sharpe & Bro., stone ware
John Allott, meat for August
R. H. James, groceries
H. M. Wilmarth & Co., gas fixtures. .
C. E. Perry, mason work, etc
Smith, Roundy & Co., groceries
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Fiald, Leiter & Co., dry goods
N. W. Furniture Co., bedsteads
T. A. Chapman & Co., diy goods
M. Fleming, currants, milk and com
Geo. Watkms, bath tub
Whitney, Lowe & Co., butter
C. P. Calkins, apples
P. C. Williams, Butter
J. W. Randolph, grapes
C. B. Jones, butter
H. Hevn & Co. dry goods
C. P. Soper, potatoes
J. C. Burt, soft soap
Munsel & Fuller, dray age
E. Starin, squashes and pumpkins . . .
Wm. Hatton, butter
J.W.Randolph, grapes and wat^rmePs
Jansen, McClurg & Co., school books
James Hennesy, wood
Chas. C. Brown, onions
8. Thomas, butter
A. J. Cornell, salary as matron
J. W. Randolph, grapes
W. C. Van Velzer, pumpkins
8. N. Loomer, apples and grapes ....
Geo. L. Weed, jr.. salary Principal . .
E. G. Valentine, salary as teacher . .
C. L. Williams do
L. Eddy do
G. F. Schilling do
Z. G. McCoy do
H. Phillips do
P. 8. Englehardt do
E. Eddy do
Mary Johnson do
Mrs. L. J. Hill, salary as matron ....
A. J. Woodbury, salary as clerk
E. Toung. salary as master cab. shop.
D. T. Gifford, salary as engineer I
C. H. Rideont, sal. master shoe shop.'
Amount. JMonthlyTot.
$5 00
500 00
11 56
13 33
7 50
9 50
4 12
62 16
87 72
9 73
6 87
31 16
189 67
154 50
243 75
48 93
7 70
20 00
6 80
3 90
15 77
2 61
6 86
8 10
18 00
80 00
4 00
1 26
11 16
2 75
21 42
70 00
15 00
83 95
67 00
2 77
6 00
18 50
375 00
208 33
270 83
320 83
270 as
225 00
225 00
25 00
150 00
87 50
83 33
133 50
225 00
250 00
187 50
31
List of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
1872
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sopt. 80
Sept. 80
Sept 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 80
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept. 30
Sept 80
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 80
Sept. 80
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 80
Sept 80
Sept 30
No.
937
988
989
940
941
942
948
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
958
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
984
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
988
984
985
986
987
988
989
To whom and for what paid.
Amoant.
I
Monthly tot.
D. B. Devendorf, sal. as Physician . .
Maurice Fleming, wages genU work.
Mrs. A. Faulkner, wages as cook. . . .
Julia Delaney , wages as cook
Maggie Delaney, wages din. r'm girl
Joanna Sampson, wages ass't cook. .
Annie Lee, wages as baker
Kate Cullen, wages head laundress. .
Maggie Hageman, wages laundress. .
Lizzie Hageman, wages laundress. . .
Tildie Hetterman, wages laundress. .
Mattie Oleson, wages seamstress. . . .
Anna Dyreson, wages cleaning girl .
Geo. McKee, wages ass't engineer . .
Hattie Kideout, wages general work
C. T. Spooner, squashes
Honora McCarty, wages house cPg. .
Charles Wilbur, patatoes
L. Hollister, butter
M. Mulville, P. M, postage and st'ps.
Henry Fleming, butter
Dennis Cronin, squashes and labor. .
A. H. Andrews & Co., books
D. Martin, squashes
A. H. Barnes, potatoes
C. D. Long, butter
J. M. KuU, apples
Geo. L. Weed, jr., trav. expenses ....
J. W. Patterson, dry goods
G. H. Briggs, paints, oils, etc
Buckley & Hall, hardware
R. H. James, groceries
M. J. White R. R. freight
J. H. Goodrich, groceries
E. W. Phelps, groceries
Whitney, Lowe & Co., meat for Sept.
Wm. Hatton, cabbage and eggs
W. M. & E. Wells, dry goods
T. J. Smith, hardware
A. Schults & Bro., harness and rep'rs
Utter & Caldwell, groceries
A. J. Woodbury, clerks* cash acc't. .
M. J. White, express and telegr*ing. .
G. Eberle & Co., hard soap
T. A. Chapman & Co., dry goods. . . .
A. P. Morgan, school books
George Crosby, library books
Ball & Goodrich, groceries
Drake Bros., sponges, etc
Sutton & Scott, library books
Drake Bros., gasoline
Ball & Goodrich, groceries • .
I. G. Ferris, leather
$38 38
100 00
45 50
20 00
87 50
10 00
24 00
14 00
80 00
21 84
21 84
17 15
18 57
23 85
20 00
2 26
2 00
8 75
14 80'
17 19
5 40
9 70
9 00
8
4
8
21
50
61
19 56
19 15
10 09
105 82
82 95
92 67
16 99
39 33
87 17
208 13
8 25
103 08
58 18
48 65
7 48
2 72
11 70
50 40
19 00
22 88
20 40
45 87
4 10
16 80
28 67
80 90
68 85 I
32
Xfist of Orders Paid — continued.
Date.
1873
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept. 30
Sept 30
Sept 80
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
Sept 30
No.
990
991
992
993
994
•
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
To whom and for what Paid.
Amount
Hoffman Blllings&Co., steam fittings
Robert Clark & Co., library books. .
West & Co., school books
J. R. Keep, school books
Am. Tract Society, school books and
papers
P. and y. Leather Co., leather and
findings
C. A. Battles, hardware
James O'Neil, hay
R. Cobum, cow and calf
Henry Fleming, batter
J. F. McKee, cow
M. J. White, potatoes
L. Barnes, butter and potatoes
A. H. Barnes, potatoes
Wm. Morgan, potatoes
Mansell £ Faller, brick and team
work
David Vroman, beets and cabbage .
West & Co., blank books, etc
D. L. Shader, books, papers, etc. . . .
J. F. Birchard, furniture
Smith, Roundy <& Co., groceries
Walton & Francisco, olacksmith^s
repairs
Susan Sharpe,hat8 for indigent girls
Swan Watkins & Co., coal
Munsel & Fuller, hauling coal. . . .
Sexton Bro. & Co., dry goods
E. P. Gifford, squash
K. N. Hollister, drugs and sundries
C. D. Long, cheese
Total paid in September
Total paid during the year.
64
7
20
18
01
96
75
00
16 51
133
25
62
50
2
40
125
33
9
15
5
16
18
100
863
17
2
1987
75
85
8
12
36
50
97
40
00
30
00
22
95
60
00
50
27
40
55
00
40
IS
90
50
00
48
14
86
88
Monthly tot
$9,842 92
$34,174 87
SUMMARY OF THE EXPENDITURES
Of the Wisconsin Institute/or the Education of the Deaf and
Dumb^foT the year ending September 30, 1872.
For Means of instruction $454 33
Clothing 817 60
Drugs and medicines 104 06
Farm expenses 401 07
Fuel 2,836 87
House furnishing 2, 109 06
Livestock 180 00
Lights (exclusive of fixtures 264 25
Liquors .' 7 23
Manufacturing expenses 1, 000 27
Miscellaneous purposes 1,739 77
Repairs 1 , 701 21
Permanent improvements .... 691 35
Subsistence 7, 617 14
Salaries and wages 14,720 19
$34, 174 37
3— D. & D. (Doc 9.
31
Detailed Statement op Expenses of the Wisconsin Institute
for Deaf ayid Dumh^ for the Year ending September dOth^
1872.
Articles .
American Annals
Books — school
Books — library
Bell for school room
Camp's Outline Maps
Composition books
Class books
Engravings
Mucilage
Magazines and Papers
Map of Wisconsin
News and illustrated papers
Picture cards
Small globe
Slate pencils
Slates
CLOTHING.
Combs
Coats
Caps
Corset ,
Fine combs
Hose — cotton
Hose — ^Woolen
Hats for girls
Gloves ,
Linen cuffs
Linen coats
Making dresses
Neckties
Paper collars
Pantaloons
Ribbon....
Shoes
Socks for boys
Scarfs — woolen
Shirts
Suspenders
Straw hats
"Vests •.<
Total for clothing.
MEANS OF INSTRUCTION.
set . . .
dozen
1
1
4
16 at 60c .
3 bottles.
8 dozen
1
5 ffross.
6 dozen
pairs
pairs
Amount.
9
13
7
1
10
42 pairs
12 pairs
3
2
2
2
4
4
137 boxes
20 pairs
1 yard.
4 pairs
18 pairs
5
14
12 pairs
• 1
16
$90 00
183 34
110 73
65
21 00
6 00
2 25
9 60
75
27 42
70
88 85
3 05
1 58
1 75
6 65
12 10
90 64
10 00
75
2
7
4
3
10
94
25
65
3 50
40
2]50
4
1
33
20
9 69
96 25
13
10 50
4 20
6 25
23 50
5 47
35
27 90
ToUl.
$454 32
317 60
35
Detailed Statement of JSapenses^-contimied.
Articles.
DRT708 Aim MEDICINES.
Tincture arnica
Castor oil
Carbolate of lime
Bromo chloralum
Glycerine
Glycerine court plaster
Iodide potassium
Morphine
Micellaneous drugs
Painkiller
Quinine pills
Beidlitz powders
Syrup, sarsaparilla
y accinnating material
Total for drugs andmed^s
FARM EXPENSES.
Feed—
Corn and oat meal
Bran..'
Oats
Pumpkins
Hay
Qaflatlty.
7 qts
IJiqts
2
6
2
1
t
ft....
ft....
yards
oz ...
Price.
8 D
2 pints .
9^ doz . .
8 boxes.
12
oz
5,307 ft
10,184 ft
100 bush .
8 loads.
10-846-1000 tons.
Irwplementa —
Curry combs
Con/baskets
Fork — ^hay
Fork— Spading
Fork — ^manure
Horse brushes
Ironing wheelbarrows
Spodes and shoyels . . .
Scythe Stones
Miscellaneous —
Buffalo robes
Cebbage plants
Digging aitch
Garaen seeds
Harness repairs
Horse blankets
Horse shoeing
Loads Straw
Single harness
Plowing garden
Rope
Repairs to buggy ,wag.etc.
Upholstering seats
Whips
Painting cutter
8
2
1
4
2
2
7
5
2
Total for farm expenses
2
400
17>^ yards
13
1
14 ft...
3
1
(55 05
78 14
25 00
6 00
62 40
1 05
1 60
75
5 75
2 18
1 50
20 50
6 60
80
$86 00
1 00
15 58
4 10
14 85
600
10 40
29 50
85 00
8 50
8 52
87 25
19 50
8 65
10 00
Amount.
$7 00
1
1
1
8
1
1
2
50
50
50
90
75
20
90
62 70
2 00
8 51
840
1 20
10 00
$221 59
40 18
Total.
$104 06
229 80
'"♦49107
36
Detailed Suuement qf ^apenset^-oaaliaaed.
Artide.
QoAiitlty.
Price.
Amount.
Total.
FUEL.
Wood
68^ cords.
$824 87
3,612 50
Coal
250 tons. .
Total for fuel
2,886 87
HOUSB FUBKISHIKG.
Fwmiture and Carpets —
Bed fastenings
Caroet loun&re
8 doz . .
1
1
86 yards.
98 22^6 yds
14 05
13 00
5 50
35 10
118 11
2 16
2 25
8 11
80 00
259 75
25 08
6 50
19 50
5 50
27 00
90 00
42 50
28 00
Cane seat chairs
Cocoa mattinfiT
Infirain caroets
Makin? ud caroet
Oil cloth ruflr
1
7J^ yards.
79 y.\v.\
47
1 doz . .
8 doz . .
2
2
1
5
5
42 yards.
51 yards.
47-12doz..
461>^yds
6 pkgs .
Oil cloth carpet
Oval tete
Panel bedsteads
Stools
.. ......
Wooden chairs
Wilson ruffs
Walnut table
Walnut desk
Walnut chairs
Walnut parlor chairs . . . .
$722 11
Dry Goods-
All wool merino
$31 50
25 02
4 40
76 14
in AR
All wool flannel
Alnaca braid
Brown crash
Barbour^s linen thread. . .
Blue demins
99M yards. 1 SO ik
Buttons, needles, etc
80 58
37 04
80 85
24 00
25 08
24 94
18 00
5 48
16 40
8 80
96
75
7 55
112 50
18 00
58 19
420
689
Bleached sheeting, 9-4. . .
Bleached sheeting, 4-4. . .
Bed spreads, white
Coat^s thread
773^ yards.
2825i yards.
6
298-12doz..
125 10-16 lbs.
5 doz . .
54^ yards.
188' yards.
41 Ji yards.
16 balls .
8 yards.
41}^ yards.
V . . ...
6 doz . .
2801^ yards.
42 balls .
2 doz . .
Cotton battinsT
Cotton hose
Cambric
Calico
Canton flannel
Candle wickin&r
Drilling :
Gingham
Hair mattrasses
Huck towels
Huck towelinfiT
KnittiniT cotton
Linen tape
87
Detailed StcUement of JEixpense^ — continued.
Aitide.
House Fumi8hinff'-<ion,
Dry Ooo€U— con.
Mosquitobar
Merino vests
Napkins
Lawn
Kansook sheeting, 4-4 .. .
Patterns, worst and canv.
Poplin
Sewing silk
Ticking
Table cloth linen
Table spreads
Unbleached heavy sheet'g
Woolen yam
MUeeUaneauB —
Brooms
Brush brooms
Barrel covers
Bath bricks
Butter bowl and ladle
Carpet tacks
Crockery ware
Counter brushes
Clothes baskets
Clothes pins
Clothes lines
Curtain cord
Coarse combs
Clocks
Feathers
Fly paper
Florence sewing machine.
Hair brushes
Gas chimnies
Indelible ink
Lamp chimnies
Lamp wicks
Lanterns
Mop sticks
Mason glass fruit jar, 3 qt.
Matches
Repairs to kitchen tinware
Rubber hand, table knives
Rosewood table cloth ....
Straw for beds
Shoe laces
Shears
Scouring soap
Spittons
Scouring powder
Quantity.
6 yards. . . .
10
6
241i£
Price.
dozen . . .
yards....
20
12
44Ji
2
837.2
3
yards
spools . . .
yards....
yards. . . .
yards. . . .
pounds . .
10 1142 dozen
3 dozen . . .
1 dozen . . .
4
1
6 packages
6
17
61
14
76
6
2
25
dozen ..
dozen ..
yards...
dozen ..
pounds
10 85
10 00
18 50
1 78
42 48
8 10
440
80
18 85
80 05
250
48 93
3 61
$28
5
5 3-12 dozen.
12 dozen . . .
11 bottles...
4J^ dozen . . .
1 dozen . . .
8
8
9^ dozen . . .
8 gross • . . .
1
5
2
2
2
80
4
1
dozen . . .
pieces ..
loads ...
gross . . . .
pairs ....
CaKcB. . . .
pound...
182
28
14
8
4
2
10
15
20
88
24
12
3
5
3
1
29
7
9
5
22
5
1
1
4
2
1
87
18
75
50
65
48
30
45
65
20
25
50
50
50
00
65
70
75
00
75
30
18
75
95
58
65
01
50
00
00
26
50
23
25
20
Amonnt.
$786 32
1
Total.
38
Detailed Statement of ^scpen^e^— continued.
Article.
Quantity.
House Fumiihing— con.
Miscellaneous— con.
Sponges
Scrub brushes
Tea spoons
Toilet soap
Toilet brushes
Umbrella
Woooden pails
Wash tubs
Wash boards
Total for house fum*g.
LITE STOCK.
Cows ,
Total for live stock.
LIGHTS.
Candles ,
Gasoline
Gas tapers
Head light oil
Total for lights.
LIQUORS.
Alcohol
Bourbon whisky
Port wine
Total for liquors (med.)
MANUFACTURING.
Cabinet 87u>p —
Asphaltum
Balls twine
Brads
Bitts
Boiled oil
Bureau knobs
Cut nails
Chisels
Chisel handles
Common glue
Cherry lumber
Escutcheons
Furniture varnish ....
Gimlets
Hand ax
Key hole saw
Miscellaneous articles
Oak lumber
Plane irons
2J^lbs..
2j| doz.
3 doz.
n% doz.
2 doz.
1
2^ doz.
6 . -.
7
80 lbs....
1821 gals...
6 boxes.
84 gals...
3;gqts
2>^qts
1 qt.
8
2
4
5
2
5
22
8
12
15
1
18
5
8
1
1
gals.
lbs.
fals.
oz.
lbs..
lbs
M feet..
doz
gals
PrtM.
12 05
6 40
16 84
11 50
2 05
2 00
88
75
78
7
5
1
8 60
20
60
75
80
75
48
75
00
00
1
2
1
2
1
5
8
50 00
2 40
10 00
88
1 50
60
540
2 16
8 60
Amoant.
Total.
$600 63
$2,100 06
180 00
180 00
15 60
218 90
8 00
16 75
254 25
8 58
250
1 15
AVTK ISH3
7 23
1 mnj
•
39
Detailed Statement of Expenses — continued.
Article.
Qaandty.
Price.
Amonnt.
ToUl.
Manufactwn7hg—-coix.
Cabinet Shop— con.
Picture nails
12
63
Screws
lb gross
10 46
Saw handle
45
1 65
2 73
67 30
1 75
45
480
3 30
2 00
1 60
5 58
Sand paper
...i. ...........
Saw nles
18
School desk castings
Steel square
Sash brush
673 pounds..
1
2
Shellac
IJ^ gallons ..
16
_
Small locks
Turpentine
2 gallons ..
Varnish brush
Walnut moulding
139}^ feet
90 V^ pounds . .
30
1198 07
8?ioe Shop —
American calf
115 29
16 62
6 90
7 75
1 32
4 50
4 50
3 50
232 95
3 50
4 50
60
27 79
50
13 18
50 50
18 00
5 40
273 40
1 25
2 25
8 00
Bark lininfirs
Barbours thread
6 pounds . .
7
Colored lininfirs
DrillingTor lining
Dressing
Iron ratchets
7 yards ...
1 doz. qts..
6
Ink
1 doz. qts..
2663^ pounds..
1 doz
10
Hemlock kip
Hammers
Lasts
Edfire plane
1
French calf
15 7-16 pounds
Nippers
Nails, awls, etc
Oak kip
50>^ pounds. .
6
Pebble goat skins
Split leather
Sole leather
12 pounds . .
2583^ pounds ..
12
Shoe knives
Toe stretcher
1
■
IlDDer leather
82 fact
$802 20
Total for manufacturing
MIBCEIiT.ANEOUS FUKP08ES.
Blank books
»1,000 27
25 ouires .. .
$9 07
12 15
1 13
1 50
2 50
'26 26
10 08
Butter tubs
15
•
Borax of commerce
3 pounds. .
Black ink
3 Quarts . . .
Clothes marker and type. . .
Castile soap
Composition books
170 pounds. .
8 doz
40
Detailed Statement qf Expenses — continued.
ArticleB.
MisceUaneour Purposes — con.
Cedar pencils
Crayons
Commercial note paper
Common envelopes
Cigars for legislative committee . .
Barrels for apples
Express charges
Expenses getting servants
Freight, boxing and cartage
Faber pencils
Glass ink stands
Hard soap
Hair cutting for indigent pupils . .
Insurance on boilers
Liquid blueing
Livery hire for visiting committee
Legal cap paper
Letter paper
Money from treasurer for pupils . .
Mail bag
Mucilage
Masons blacking
Opodeldoc soap
Order book
Postage and stamps
Peanuts for Thanksgiving
Printing reports
Principal's traveling expenses ....
Printed letter heads
Pens
Pass books
Printed cards
I^inted circulars
Paper fasteners
Paper cutter
Rope
R. R. fare indigent pupuls
Receipt book
Salary of secretary of board
Soft soap
Balance due E. C. Stone on old acct
Stone ware
Sal soda
Silver gloss starch
Stamped envelopes
Stamped wrappers
Soap making
Soda ash
Telegraphing
Teeth extracted indigent pupils . . .
Shoe brushes
Quantity
3
1
4
2
2
33
gross.,
box .. .
reams .
thous'd
boxes .
barrels.
% CTOSS..
% dozen..
2,190 pounds
Amount.
5 gallons
% ream . .
1 ream . .
1
9
1
12
1
bottles,
gross. .
pounds
H 50
1 25
7 CO
5 00
10 00
16 50
78 66
16 85
328 70
2 55
75
154 20
2 15
66 25
3
6
6
2
500
bushels
\% reams .
4 gross. .
2W dozen .
1,000
500
2 boxes .
1
6 pounds
31 7-32 bbls.
90
188
828
1,000
100
gallons
pounds
pounds
6 pounds
6 dozen .
60
00
13
3 00
64 50
85
1 80
8 40
2 64
7 00
88 13
5 50
30 00
60 10
9 75
2 40
2 05
7
6
00
00
60
50
1 50
45 16
5 00
75 00
124 87
38 25
12 47
6 27
33 91
34 20
2 13
6 00
54
23 25
50
18 00
Total.
41
Detailed Statanent qf ^^«n«M— continued.
Articles.
Quantity.
Price.
Total.
Miseellaneous— continued,
•
Tablet-slate
1
10 85
257 75
200
8 00
Trustees* expenses
Writingfluid
Wooden ink stands
8 ats
2 doz
Total for mifloellR'orifl mir
n,789 75
«
BEPAIB8, OBDIKABT.
Axes
........ ... ...
8
18 00
6 50
1 40
6 50
2 50
7 00
16 00
800
80
9 15
1 50
75
60
8 82
1 25
1 88
12 76
28 25
14 00
18 50
11 20
600
250
18 75
11 70
1 50
865
2 25
450
81 07
6 40
7 20
450
5 62
1 50
8 50
60
18 50
Albata tea spoons
Butts for doors
6^ doz ....
7 prs
12
Bakincr pans
Coal hods
2
Coflee mill
1
Cut nails.
284 lbs
2
Coal SCOOPS
Candle sticks
8
1
Clothes wriger, No. 1
Five srallon can
1
jBiFfir beater
1
Fire shovels
2
46 lbs
2
Flat irons. 6
Grid irons
TTfiinfner ....... . , .
1
Lanterns....... *..x...
11
Lead pipe
Laree dish nans
8
Laundrv stove
1
Mortise door locks
18
Meat boiler
1
Molasses eate
1
Milk pans
3 doz
IJi doz
3
Platea door knobs
Rat trans.
Screws
10 ,gros
8
Sutrar scoops
81oD nails
4
Small hardware
Sundries
2 doz
1
Thermometers
Tin bath tub
Tin water carriers
2
Tin pails, 12 at
6
Window fasteners
12
Wardrobe hooks
1 gross....
6 lbs
2
Wrought nails
Water cooler
1824 60
42
Detailed Statement of Expenses — continued.
ArticleB.
BepairSy Ordinarj^ — con.
Limey Mason Worky etc. —
Lime
Cement
Stucco
Hair
Labor
Lumber —
Common lumber
Clear do . .
Flooring
Lath
Posts
Panel door
Quantity.
26 1-6 bbls
10 bbls....
2 bush....
11 lbs
48 days . . .
Miscellaneous —
Brick
Building paper
Cleaning cisterns
Cleaning wells
Climax churn
Fire brick
Fire clay
Gas fixtures
Hauling brick
Hauling sand
Labor, digging cistems,etc
Putty
Repair water pipe
f utter and tinware
oiler and st. pipes
bathtubs
sewing machine,
clocks
stoves
Re-cutting old files.. ,
Stone for sawer
Sperm oil
Sink pattern ... ^ ... .
Team work, grading.
Window glass. .*
Wall paper
Wall paper border. . .
4375 feet
252 feet
414 feet
375 feet
22 ....
1 ....
21 6-10 M
17 lbs....
5
2
1
250
1 bbl....
20 loads.
18 loads.
51 days..
41 lbs...
1
1
1
gal
Painting and Whitevoashing-
Boiledoil
Furniture Tarnish
French Zinc
Japan Dryer
Labor
Miscellaneous paints . .
1% days. .. .
187>^ feet
16 rolls
17 yards . . . .
8 gals.
2 gals.
25 lbs.
Jigal..
4834 ^ftys-
Piloo.
$40 40
27 00
8 00
1 10
127 73
$97 31
8 82
13 04
3 00
4 51
3 75
194
1
15
6
8
15
4
20
29
15
85
3
4
64
272
2
2
7
5
10
9
3
10
6
21
4
1
90
19
00
25
00
00
50
70
70
75
25
58
50
38
23
00
00
50
15
16
00
50
50
75
68
00
70
$8 80
8 00
4 50
1 00
120 99
10 22
Amount.
$199 23
130 43
Total.
824 87
43
Detailed Statement of Expenses — continued.
Articles.
Repairs^ ordinarif — con.
Painting^ etc— con.
Turpentine
Paris white,for whitewa'g
Wliite glue, for whitewa*g
Whitewash brush
White lead
Total for repairs (ord'y)
PEBMAHrSKT IMFBOYEMEITTS
Bath tub, cast-iron
Bath tub, rubber
Cast iron sink
Difference in pumps
Drop gas burners
Lumber for new front fence
Posts for new front fence. .
Rubber hose, 2 inch. ......
Water gauge for boiler —
School room slates
Total for permanent imp's
SUBSISTENCE.
Fruits —
Apples, green
Apples, dried
Apples, Siberian crab. . .
Cranberries
Currants
Currants, dried
Cherries
Citron
Goose berries
Gnspes
Lemons
Melons
Prunes
Peaches
Peaches, halves, dried . .
Peaches pared, dried . . .
Peaches canned, quarts .
Raspberries
Raisins
Strawberries
Tomatoes
Quantity.
. 6M
165
19
1
250
gallons,
pounds,
pounds.
pounds.
1
1
1
10
4900
120
45
1
40
feet
feet
a023<
691
5
84)^
282
84
318
10
8
218
9
87
175
27
210
50
2
482
6
49
bushels. .
pounds. .
bushels. .
quarts . . .
quarts. . .
pounds. .
quarts.. .
pounds. .
pounds. .
Sounds. .
ozen . . .
pounds. .
baskets.,
pounds. .
Sounds. .
ozen . . .
quarts...
boxes . . .
quarts...
bushel ..
Price.
«6 85
12 15
13 82
1 50
84 25
201 85
69 38
3 75
13 83
11 60
8 65
26 64
5 80
64
12 68
4 70
4 75
17 28
24 95
19 75
11 00
5 00
48 20
19 15
8 25
50
Amoant.
$222 08
$28 00
20 00
22 40
75 00
86 00
218 00
26 40
178 55
9 00
88 00
Total,
$1,701 21
691 35
44
Detailed Statement qf ^S6pen«e«— continued.
Article.
8ubg%$tene6 — con.
Flour and Meal —
Flour, Family
Flour, Qraham
Flour, Buckwheat . . .
Meal, sifted
OTOcer%e% —
Allspice
Butter
Baking Powder
Boiled Cider
Crackers, Picnic
Graham . . .
Sweet
Cofiee, Roasted Rio. .
O.G.Java. ...
Cinnamon
Cloves
Cheese
Com starch
Cocoanut, dessicated.
Eggs
Extracts, Lemon
Vanilla. . . .
Ginger
Honey
Hops
Hominy
Lard
Molasses
Mustard
Milk
Popcorn
Pickles, cucumber. . .
PeoDer
Pickled Radish .".!"..'!
Preserved Pumpkin .
Rice
Sugar, Pulverized . . .
Granulated . . .
Coffee C
Brown
Maple
Syrup
Sage
Salt, coarse
fine
Sago
Saleratus
Tea, Japan
Green
Tapioca
Quantity.
158 bbls . . . .
.8 bbls . . . .
5 bbls . . . .
1,650 lbs
6 lbs
5,856 lbs
102 lbs
82 gals . . .
470 lbs
79 lbs
70 lbs
1313 lbs
60 lbs
29M lbs
J^lb
334% lbs
80 lbs
8 lbs ... .
1366 doz
6 doz
4 doz
20 lbs
122 2-16 lbs . . .
lOM lbs
250 lbs
853 lbs
192Kgal
20 lbs
10 qts
5 bush . . .
2770
10 lbs
3 p'k'gs . .
2 lbs
850 lbs
263 lbs
1701 lbs
1792 lbs
4869 lbs
37 1146 lbs . .
138 gal
2 lbs
1 bbl
IM bbl
5 lbs
66 lbs
96 lbs
4 lbs
5 lbs
Pric«.
983 75
45 63
85 00
22 16
Amount.
80
1064 37
43 83
24 00
29 69
8 34
8 18
327 93
19 25
17 50
55
42 42
8 60
1 25
179 58
6 00
4 35
5 60
23 62
6 55
7 50
81 23
106 84
5 80
50
5 00
11 00
3 10
65
40
34 90
35 65
220 44
215 00
480 83
8 08
128 20
1 15
2 75
4 95
50
6 86
96 10
5 80
48
1 ,086 54
Total.
45
Detailed Statements of JEospenses — continued.
Sub8i8tenee— con .
Groeeries-'-coji —
Vinegar — cider
Yeast cakes
Vegetables —
Beans
Beets
Cabbages
Green com, sweet.
Onions
Potatoes
Potatoes, sweet. ..
Bquasli
Turnips
Meats —
Beef, fresh
Beef, salt ,
Beef, dried
Beef, tongues
Beef shanks
Pish, cod
Pish, mackerel
Pish, whiteflsh, salt .
Pish, whiteflsh, fresh .
Pish, Halibut
Pish, oysters
Ham
Ice
Mutton
Pork, fresh
Pork, salt
Sausage
Veal
Poultry —
Chicken
Ducks .' .
Turkey .
Qoantity.
87 gals .
8 pkgs
14 bush
42}i bush
623 heads .
13 dz e'rs
IIU bush
718 bush
10 lbs . .
8,008 lbs..
14 bush
14,5663^ lbs...
5,887 lbs...
1095i lbs...
19
8
Total for subsistence.
49
48 lbs...
69 lbs...
100 lbs...
547 lbs . . .
18 9-16 lbs..
85 cans. .
471 lbs...
,230 lbs...
251>^ lbs...
60 lbs...
748J^ lbs...
849 lbs...
471 lbs...
lbs
Price.
17 90
80
$21 58
21 25
50 52
1 20
17 50
I486 25
50
24 00
6 60
Amonat.
3,296 72
Total.
787
11
4553^ lbs.
1806 42
888 76
18 84
4 75
11 65
4 60
8 81
8 45
45 11
2 24
18 50
47 11
41 15
20 12
6 46
68 86
88 81
87 72
64 85
1 75
49 22
$579 40
$12020 86
$115 82
$7617 14
46
Detailed Statement of JSapenses — continued.
SALARIES.
Names.
Geo. L. Weed, Jr. .
E. G. Valentine . . .
*L. Eddy
♦C.L.Williams...
♦Geo. F. Schilling.
♦Z.G. McCoy
♦H. Phillips
P. 8. Englehardt. .
E. Eddy
Mollie Johnson . . .
Alice J. Cornell. . .
Luthera J. Hill . . .
E. E. Boyce
♦D. B. Devendorf .
A. J. Woodbury . .
♦E. Young
♦C. H. Rideout . . .
♦D. T. Gifford . . . .
♦C. D. Long
Occapation.
Principal .
InstruLtor
do ..
do
do
do
, do
, do
do
do
Matron
do
do
Physician ....
Clerk
Foreman C. 8
Foreman 8. 8
Engineer
8ec. B'dofTr
Time employed.
WAGES.
M. Fleming
L. Goltz
R. W. Harris
Geo. McKee
A. M. Faulkner. . .
Julia McCarty. . . .
Julia De Lancy...
Joanna 8ampson. .
Jennie Faulkner. .
Annie Lee
Maggie Delaney . .
Kate Cullen
Maggie Hageman.
Mattie Oleson
Carrie Peterson...
Libbie Hageman. .
Tildie Hetterman .
Isabel Johnson . . .
Kate Kline
Anna Dyreson
Eva Kline
Kate Clary
Lois Nedry
Mattie Oleson . . . .
H. O- Rideout
All work
do
Fireman
do
Cook
Assistant cook.
, do
, do
, do
Baker
Din'gro'm girl
Laundress ....
do
, do
, do
do
do
do
House cleaner.
do
do
do
Seamstress
, do
do
1 year . . . ,
...do ...,
...do ....
...do ....
...do ....
..do ....
...do ....
1-12 year..
1 year . . . .
...do ....
11-12 year.
1 year
2-12 year..
1 year
...do ....
...do ....
...do ....
...do ....
1-2 year...
Months
employed.
12 ...
21-30
949^0.
11-5
52...
37...
5 5-7
404-5
3 2-7
47...
52...
43 3-7
52...
36...
27 6-7
23...
7 2-7
36-7
42...
7 4-7
4...
2...
305-7
5 5-7
85-7
Batepr
month.
$33 33
15 00
20 00
20 00
3 50
3 32
3 50
2
2
50
60
3 00
2 60
3 00
2e2H
2 50
50
69
2
2
3 00
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
50
00
50
00
50
00
00
8 00
Amoant.
1,500
808
1,333
1,058
1,058
900
900
25
600
350
367
308
35
129
508
900
575
985
25
00
33
33
33
33
00
00
00
00
00
00
33
37
33
50
00
00
55
00
$400
80
199
23
182
123
20
102
8
141
135
131
136
90
69
61
21
9
126
18
12
5
92
17
26
00
50
59
85
00
00
00
00
22
00
00
00
50
00
62
84
84
75
00
57
00
00
00
15
00
Total.
112,367 40
$1,528 49
* Kot realdent in the Institute.
47
Detailed Statement Expenses — Salaries — continued.
Names.
"Women
Men . . .
Men . .
Occapation.
House cleaning
Mis. work ....
Job work . . .
Total for current expenses
Time Emplotxd.
Days.
10
79 9-10. .
Rate
per day.
$1 00
1 50
Amount.
«10 00
119 86
40 50
Total.
$170 36
184,174 87
48
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE CABINET SHOP
For the year ending October 1, 1872.
To Expenses for lumber and other materials.
Salary of foreman
Stock on hand Oct 1, 1871
By Work done for institute
Book accounts
Cash sale
Manufactured goods on hand.
Stock and material on hand . .
Balance
Dr.
$108 07
900 00
238 17
25 99
$1,362 23
Cr.
$999 06
13 50
50
130 75
218 42
11362 23
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE SHOE SHOP
For the year ending October 1, 1872.
To Expenses — ^leather, tools, etc ,
Salary of master
Fuel
Stock on hand Oct 1, 1871. .
By Cash sales
Cash from pupils
Amount charged indigent pupils.
Amount charged institute
Book accounts
Boots and shoes on hand
Leather and findings on hand . . .
New tools ,
Balance
Dr.
1802 20
550 00
20 00
305 00
$1,677 20
Cr.
$248 30
264 66
262 14
16 62
161 75
375 40
235 75
97 35
15 23
$1, 677 20
CATALOGUE OF PUPILS
In schdol within ths year ending October Ist^ 1872.
MALES.
NameB.
Barker, Sidney R. . . .
Bamhart, Charles]. . .
Beers, LskFayette G. .
Blair, John W
BoBckmann, Ernest J.
Briffgs, Urbin A . . . ,
Bushell, Louis H. . .
Bellman, John
Birk, Qustav
Blonde, Miker
Buchman, William .
Callahan, Patrick.
Chambers, James .
Conery, Phillip J .
Cork, Hugh
Cullen, James F . .
Cullen, William G
Ceke, Fred E
♦Clawson, Frank . .
Day, William
Deubel, Edmund
Dill, Johan
Donegan, Edward S.
Drinkwine, Elick . . ,
Englert, Leonard. . .
Ernst, Edwin;H. K.
Felton, John
Field, JBemt . . . .
Field, Sievart S.
Foy, Thomas . . .
Ganger, Carl
German, Fred E .
Goold, Alfred W <
4— D. & D.
Poysippl
Wautoma
Janesville
Boscobel
Milwaukee . . . ..
Lowell
Azatalan
Jefferson
Glen Haven
New Franken . . .
Hortonville
Pleasant Prairie .
Garden Valley . . .
Fall River
Mazomanie
Janesville
Black River Falls
Brookfield Centre
Brodhead
Mineral Point . . .
Watertown
Manitowoc
Janesville
Fond du Lac
New Franken . . .
Oshkosh
Dayton
Raceine
Racine. ...
West Point
Cooperstown —
Harris
Racine
County.
Waushara.
Waushara.
Rock.
Grant.
Milwaukee.
Dodge.
Jefferson.
Jefferson.
Grant.
Brown.
Outagamie.
Kenosha.
Jackson.
Columbia.
Dane.
Rock.
Jackson.
Waukesha.
Green.
Iowa.
Jefferson.
Manitowoc.
Rock.
Fond du Lac.
Brown.
Winnebago.
Richland.
Racine.
Racine.
Dane.
Manitowoc.
Marquette.
Racine.
(Doc 9.
50
Catalogue of Pupils — Males — continued.
Name.
Goltz, Louis
€k)ry, Dennis
Grosenick, Heinrich
Gunderson, Gander M
♦Hadley, Rufus
♦HarloflF, John F. M
Harrison, Hergie
Hebberd, Perry G
Hecker, Louis
Henry, Albert
Henry, Charles
Hines, John
Hoskins, John H
*Hutson, Frank
Jearmark, John
Jceckell, Geo. 8
Johnson, John
Jones, Selh B
Kaigea, Frederick
Klug, August
Larson, Lars M
Lynch, James
Matthias, Emil G W
Meeland, Knud E
Miller, William
Minert, Garet
Moon, Simpson 8
Murphy, Joseph
♦O'Brien, James
O'Connell, Dennis
O'Connell, Patrick H
O'Neal, Patrick
Poh, Henry
Prochnow, Bemhard F. M .
Rassel, John
Beed, Harry
Riggs, Austin W
Ripiinser, Herman
Ruthenord, James A
Ryan, Michael
Ryan, Michael
Sampson^Erick L
Shatfer, William I
Smith, Allen
♦Sparks, Theodore
Watertown . .
Magnolia
Watertown . .
Waterford . . .
Palmyra
Milwaukee . .
Manitowoc . .
Hamilton ...
Mayville
West Point. .
Palmyra
Sturgeon Bay
Linden
Janesville . . .
La Fayette . .
Lake Mills . .
Coon Valley .
Montello ....
Burlington . .
Reeseville . . .
Jefferson ....
Millford
Bloomfleld . .
Columbus . . .
Depere
Albany
Ironton ... .
Janesyille . . .
Deerfleld
Westfield ....
Westfield....
Reedsville ...
Manitowoc . .
Panyesville. .
Decada
Menasha
East Delavan
Manitowoc . .
Lake Mills . .
Delavan
Portage City.
Harvey
Downsville . .
Ajhf ord
Glen Beulah
Jefferson.
Rock.
Jefferson.
Racine.
Jefferson.
Milwaukee.
Manitowoc.
La Crosse.
Dodge.
Columbia.
Jefferson.
Door.
Iowa.
Rock.
Walworth.
Jefferson.
Vernon.
Marquette.
Racine.
Dodge.
Vernon.
Jefferson.
Waushara.
Columbia.
Brown.
Green.
Sauk.
Rock.
Dane.
Marquette.
Mar(}uette.
Manitowoc.
Manitowoc.
Milwaukee.
Sheboygan.
Winnebago
Walworth.
Manitowoc.
Jefferson.
Jefferson.
Walworth.
Dane.
Dunn.
Fond du Lac.
Sheboygan.
51
Cotaloffue of Pupils — ^Jfa/e^— oontinued.
l^ame.
Town.
County.
Scott Charles W
Brothertown
Calumet
*8D6iicer. David
Bell Center
Crawford.
Titzlaff. Auflrnst C
Depere
Brown.
Toller, Gteoree
Porter
Rock.
♦Trembor, John
Mineral Poin t
Iowa.
Tschudy, Pridolin F
Tschudv, Joshua
New Glarus
Green.
New Glarus
Green.
♦Tyler, Edwin E
Aztalan ...............
Jefferson.
Urban, William
Union Centre
Juneau.
♦Weller, Pred
SheboYiran
Sheboyiran.
White, Arthur 8
Sun Prairie
Dane.
White, William F
Mazomanie
Dane.
White, James
Mazomanle
Dane.
Worden, Gteo. F
Oshkosh
Winnebago.
52
Catalogue of Pupils — continued.
FEMALES.
Name.
Anderson, Stina C
Andrews, Dora E
Atkins, Alma M
Bailey, Linda
Bartholomew, Anna M
Bates, Emma J
Bandow, Wilhelmina
Bartlett, Chloe H
Behling, Johanna
Bishop, Ada J
Blair, Olivia J
Bues, Sophia W
Bunker, Carrie M
Blonde, Anna
*Calkins, Josephine
Carroll, Margaret
Christie, Maggie A
*Coke,EllaL
Conery, Honora
Cutler, Carrie E
Daly, Joanna
Downey, Marv L
Drake, Isabella J
♦Duell, Medora
Dyreson, Anna
Eberle, Emilie
Eberhart, Mary A
Englehardt, Philomene
♦Gibson, Eva J
Grant, Wilmet U
Gratz, Kate
GuUickson, Ragnill
Hahn, Elizabeth
Hulse, Katy
Bunnell, Alda P
Button, Maggie
Johnson, Mary C
Lafler, Mary A
*Lynn, Karah A
McEee, Mary A
Mcbler, Esther H
Basswood
Eeshena
Wrightstown
Trimbelle
Lodi
Adell
Stevens Point. . . .
Chippewa Falls. .
Milwaukee
Union
Boscobel
Milwaukee
Troy Centre
New Franken. . . .
Jefferson
Erfurt
Homers Corner . .
Brookfield Centre
Pall River
Premont
Holland
Milwaukee
La Crosse
North Lamartine.
McParland
Watertown
Necedah
Milwaukee
Elkhom
Sullivan
Racine
Winneconne
Oak Creek
Weyauwega
Argyle
Janesville
OraOak
Wyocena
Portage City
Cedarburg :
Rockton
Richland.
Shawano.
Brown.
Pierce.
Columbia.
Sheboygan.
Portage.
Chippewa.
Milwaukee.
Rock.
Grant.
Milwaukee.
Walworth.
Brown.
Jefferson.
Jefferson.
Waushara.
Waukesha.
Columbia.
Waupaca.
Brown.
Milwaukee.
La Crosse.
Pond du Lac.
Dane.
Jefferson.
Juneau.
Milwaukee.
Walworth.
Jefferson.
Racine.
Winnebago.
Milwaukee.
Waupaca.
La Payette.
Rock.
Grant.
Columbia.
Columbia.
Ozaukee.
Vernon.
53
Catalogue of Pupils — Females — continued.
Name.
♦Minert, Statira
Minert, Frances
MolBter, Annette W. .
Morse, Pmella J
♦Oleson, Ingleborg. .
Oleson, Tomena
Overton, Ella
Phillips, Evangeline
♦Provot, Harriet
Peterson, Carrie C. . .
Quade, Bertha W....
♦Rapp, Wllhelmina .
Riplinger, Elizabeth.
Rutherford, Ada M..
Rutherford, Agnes E
Rodford, Eneretta E.
Schwarz, Charlotte..
Seefeldt, Emma. . , . .
Slatteay, Barbaia. . . .
Smith, Ella
Smith, Jennie O
♦Smith, Phebe A . . . .
Stillwell,MaryP....
Tenney, Helen
Wells, Mary A
Wells, Theresa
White, Mary J
White, Elizabeth....
Wichtner, Augusta . .
Wilhelmi, Mary
Zimmer, Mary
Albany
Albany •
Merton
Waupaca
Mount Vernon
Viroqua
Wilmot
Eau Galle
Calamus
Raymond
Naugart
Milwaukee
Manitowoc
Lake Mills
Lake Mills
Menominee
Watertown
Milwaukee
Stiles
Green Bay
Wautoma
Belleville
Mazomanie
Riehland Centre . .
Eau Galle
Eau Galle
Sun Prairie
Mazomanie
Milwaukee
Racine
Stevens Point
County.
Green.
Green.
Waukesha.
Waupaca.
Dane.
Vernon.
Kenosha.
Dunn.
Dodge.
Racine.
Marathon.
Milwaukee.
Manitowoc.
Jefferson. .
JelSerson.
Waukesha.
Jefferson.
Milwaukee.
Oconto.
Brown.
Waushara.
Dane.
Dane.
Richland.
Dunn.
Dunn.
Dane.
Dane.
Milwaukee.
Racine.
Portage.
RECAPITULATION.
Boys.
Girls.
Tot
Whole number in attendance within the vear
92
10
72
10
164
♦Left within the year
20
Number present October 1, 1872
82
62
144
ADMISSION OF PUPttS.
The Wisconsin Institute for the Education of the Deaf and
Dumb is located at Delavan, Walworth county, on the Western
Union Railroad.
It is a school for the education of the children and youth of
the State who, on account of deafness^ connot be instructed in
the common schools.
The f proper age for admission is twelve years; application
should not be made for any child under ten. The regular course
of instruction occupies five years. It is understood that parents
and guardians will allow their children to remain during that
period unless their stay is shortened by removal or Providential
circumstances. The only time in the year for admission is the
beginning of the term, on the first Wednesday of September.
The term closes in June. There is no winter vacation.
No person of imbecile or unsound mind will knowingly be
admitted; and such, if received, will be discharged on discov-
ery that they cannot be instructed by means of the method here
employed.
All applicants must be free from immoralities of conduct, and
from offensive or contagious diseases.
There is no charge for children of the State for board or tui-
tion, but their friends are expected to pay traveling and inci-
dental expenses; and to supply clothing, a sufl&cient supply of
which should be furnished at the beginning of the school year,
or be sent by express as needed. Ordinary mending is done at
the Institute, but the making of garments is no part of its
work. Every garment should be distinctly marked with the
owner's name. A sum of money, not less thai^ five dollars
65
should be deposited with the Principal at the beginning of the
school year, for incidental expenses.
All letters respecting fipplicants or pupils should be addressed
to the Principal, to whom money should be sent by draft or
Postoffice order.
All letters and express packages for pupils should be marked,
'^ Institute for the Deaf and Dumb." Express matter should
be prepaid.
Any person knowing of deaf mute children or youth, not in
school, may confer a great blessing on them by sending their
names, and the address of their parents, to the Principal of the
Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, Dalavan, Wisconsin.
Wisconsin Institute/or the Education of the Deaf and Dumb
Delavan^ Walworth County.
FORM OF APPLICATION.
1. Full name of deaf mute.
2. Date of birth.
3. Place of birth.
4. Names of parents.
Father.
Mother.
5. Residence of parents.
Town.
County.
Postoffice.
Nearest Railroad Station.
6. Occupation of father or mother.
7. Nationality of parents.
8. Was the child bom deaf ?
Or, What was the cause of deafness?
At what age?
9. Is deafness total, or partial?
10. What is the general health?
11. Is there any imbecility or idiocy?
56
12. Has it had the small pox?
Mumps?
Measles?
Whooping cough? •
13. Are any of the family connections deaf ?
14. Were the parents related before marriage?
15. Names of all the children in the order of age.
Signature of parent or other person making application.
Postoffice address.
This form when filled and signed should be sent to
GEORGE L. W'rEED, Jr.,
Principal Institution for Deaf and Dumb,
Delavan, Walworth Co.,
Wisconsin.
NOTE.
The State supports also an Institution for the Education of
the Blind. Persons who cannot see enough to attend the com-
mon schools, and who are of suitable age and capacity to re-
ceive instruction, are entitled to admission. No charge is made
for education of children of citizens of the State.
For further information address the Superintendent of the
Institution for the Education of the Blind, Janesville, Rock
county. Wis.
DOCUMENT No. lo.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES
OF THK
SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME
OF THS
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
For the Fiscal Tear ending September 30, 1872.
TRUSTEES OF THE HOME.
Gen. HENRY HABNDEN, - - Madison.
Gen. JAMES BINTLIFP, - - . Janesville.
Col. C. K. PIER, - - . . Pond du Lac.
Col. W. J. KIIRSHAW, - - - MtLWAUKEE.
Dr. A. J. WARD, - - - . Madison.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
JAMES BINTLIPF,
PRESIDENT.
A. J. WARD,
VICE PHESIDEKT.
C. K. PEER,
BECRETABT.
HENRY BJSTZ,
TREASURER.
RESIDENT OFFICERS.
R. W. BURTON,
8DFEiinnrBin>BKT.
Mrs, E. W. BURTON,
ICATROK.
A. J. WARD,
PHYSICIAN.
TRUSTEES' REPORT.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washbuen,
Governor of Wisconsin:
The act of the Legislature approved March 31, 1866, ^^ to
provide a Home for the orphans of Wisconsin soldiers,^* requires
that the Board of Trustees at ^^ their annual meeting shall
make a full report to the Governor, of all their proceedings
connected with the Home." In pursuance thereof we herewith
present this, our seventh annual report.
The finances of this institution are in better condition than
they have ever been before. The following list shows the num-
ber of children, inmates of the Home each year, at date of
Trustees* report, and the appropriation by the Legislature for
that yearns expenses.
Year.
1869
1870
1871
1872
1878
Number of Children.
266
252
228
228
215 (estimated)
Appropriation.
145,000
40,000
40,000
80,000
20,000
It has been the constant aim of the Board to provide well
for the children, and at the same time not to expend a dollar
unnecessarily. The hearty co-operation and good judgment of
the Superintendent and Matron of the Home warrant us, we
believe, in asking from the legislature for the ensuing year an
appropriation twenty thousand dollars less in amount than
they gave us two years ago, and ten thousand less than one year
ago—the number of children during those three years being
very nearly the same. Among other assurances, that we may
safely do this, is the fact that the current expenses of the Home,
including pay and labor account, from March 1, 1872, to Octo-
ber 1, 1872, were nearly thirty-five hundred dollars less than for
the corresponding period the year previous. For a detailed
statement of the financial transactions during the past year, we
respectfully refer to the Superintendent's and Treasurer's reports
herewith presented.
The schools connected with the Home arc in an exceedingly
prosperous condition, the present corps of teachers entering
heartily into their labors, and exhibiting a proficiency in their
respective departments beyond our most sanguine expectations.
The pupils at the Normal Schools from the Home pursuant to
chapter 49, laws of 1870, are now ten in number, of whom nine
are at Whitewater and one at Platteville. The former, by res-
olution adopted by the trustees, are placed under the special
care of Gen. James BintliflF, Vice President of the Board, and
your attention is called to his full report accompanying this
paper. The one at Platteville, the Board placed in charge of
Hon. J. H. Rountree, who kindly accepted the trust, and reports
her doing well.
Chapter 149, laws of 1872, passed to secure for the orphans all
the benefits to which they are entitled under the U. S. pension
and bounty acts, and to provide them suitable homes and guar-
dianship upon leaving our institution, and generally to protect
their interests outside of the Home, specified certain duties to
be performed by the trustees. The Board, by resolution, em-
powered and directed its secretary. Col. C. K. Pier, to take all
necessary steps to carry out the objects of the law. His pro-
ceedings under such authority are detailed in his report to the
board, hereto annexed, and to which your attention is called.
He expects by the next meeting to have completed the greater
part of these duties, and which, by reason of limited time, he
was unable to do at the date of this report.
We regret to report that Mendel Blakesley, the young man
from the Home, who was appointed last year a cadet at the
5
Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., failed to pass the required
examination at the end of the academic year. We may in
justice add that the course of study was so severe that at the
annual examination, out of a class of sixty-three, only twenty-
one came fully up to the required standard. The balance of
the fund deposited at the Academy, amounting to $113.47, has
been repaid into the State treasury.
We have received during the year, two thousand dollars, left
as a bequest to the Home, by Caroline E. Smith, deceased, late
of Chicago, Illinois, and the same has been paid into the treas-
ury. The Ward bequest is still in our hands, a portion of the
accumulated interest only having been expended, as follows :
To W. P. Towers, for benefit of Frank Blakesley ?25 00
To W. P. Towers, for Christmas presents for orplians 195 80
To C. K. Pier, sec'y, for expenses of Mary De Lapp 100 00
To R. W. Burton, for benefit:of Prank Bla*kesley 75 00
In addition to the above expenditures, after a full considera-
tion of the subject, and in view of the constantly increasing
demand for telegraphic operators, we have directed the organi-
zation of a class in telegraphy at the Home, to be composed of
those girls and boys whose natural abilities seem best adapted
to and promise successful mastery of the art. We have con-
tracted with C. E. Bross, of Madison, to furnish suitable instru-
ments, and connect the Home by telegraph wires to the main
lines of the Western Union Telegraph Company. He is also to
give the class suitable instruction so long as the Board desire.
We are to pay him, in addition to the actual cost of the instru-
ments furnished, at the rate of five hundred dollars per year.
These expenses we propose to pay from the Ward fund. Reports
of all moneys drawn from this fund, not already made, will be
given in detail from time to time.
The sanitary condition of the Home is remarkably good. To
the constant, unremitting care of the Home Physician, in a
very great measure, may be attributed the uniform freedom
from diseases and epidemics, which have this year been so prev-
alent. His report will be found, following this.
Among the many improvements effected during the past sea-
6
son, in the management of the Home, none is more marked, or
has been (productive of more beneficial results, than the few
acres styled " the farm," rented by Mr. Burton, the super-
intendent, and cultivated by the boys of the Home. The capaci-
ty of the workshop has also been increased, and a larger
number of the boys given employment during hours not occu-
pied in the school room. The girls, also, have been formed into
sewing classes, and already are becoming proficient in cutting
and making their own wearing apparel. A course in the kitch-
en and cooking department of the Home is also established, by
which the older girls are required to master the details of
household duties.
True economy, doubtless, requires the thorough painting of
the buildings of the Home, outside and inside, and there are
other similar repairs for the preservation of the real estate
needed. We recommend an appropriation of two thousand
dollars for that purpose. January 24, 1872, the late Superin-
dent and Matron tendered their resignations to the Board, which
were promptly accepted; and R. W. Burton and his wife, Mrs.
Emma Burton, were thereupon selected Superintendent and
Matron. They entered upon their duties March 1st, following.
The change has been productive of most wonderful benefits to
the Hpme and its inmates thus far. We have confidence that the
many improvements already made are indicative of a determi-
nation, on the part of those two officials, to continue in making
changes for the betteri so long as improvement is exhibited.
It is now over seven years since the war closed. It is reason-
able to presume the great majority of soldiers' orphans in the
state, who desire to do so,- have already been admitted to the
benefits of the Home, and that in the future, comparatively few
applications will be made. In a few years, at the most, so far
as^the Home is concerned, the state will have completed its
noble charity towards its precious wards.
Since the organization of this institution, nearly seven hun-
dred little ones — soldiers' orphans — all fatherless, many mother-
less as well, have sought and found care and culture beneath the
hospitable roof of the Wisconsin Soldiers' Orphans' Home. But
for the patriotic liberality of our Legislatures, many of these
children would have been reared in ignorance and destitution,
some of them in the purlieus of vice and crime.
We hold it to be the duty of the government to so educate all
its children as that in after years they shall be fully qualified to
intelligently perform their highest duties as citizens. How much
stronger are the claims of these children upon us, whose fathers
sacrificed their lives to maintain the honor of the State.
In signing the above report, I do so as President of the Board
of Trustees, by a majority of whom it was adopted. While as-
senting in the main to it, there are portions from which I dissent,
and have deemed it proper to express my views in a separate
report.
HENRY HABNDEN,
Presidene.
0. K. PiKB,
Secretary,
HEMY HAMDEN'S DISSENTING REPORT.
To His Excellency^ Govkrxob Washburn:
Entertaining views in some respects different from some of
the trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and these views
having been presented to the Board, and not fully meeting with
the approval of the majority, the full board not being present,
however, and still deeming them of importance to the welfare
of our soldiers' orphans, I respectfully present the same for
your Excellency's consideration, asking that they may be pub-
lished in connection with the annual report of the trustees of
said institution.
The Soldiers' Orphans' Home, having nearly completed the
seventh year of its existence, it may be well now to pause and
inquire what has been accomplished by this noble charity.
From the commencement up to the present time, there have been
received into the Home over six hundred children, clothed, fed,
and schooled at a cost to the State of two hundred and ninety-
one thousand and one hundred dollars, besides about fourteen
thousand dollars received from private charity. Some of these
children remained in the Home but a short time, while others
have been inmates over six years. All coming within the scope
of the law, who made application, have been received, so that
now it is confidently believed, all who stand in need, or whose
friends desire it, have been received. At first, some of these
children came from alms houses, and some from the abodes of
want, while the great majority were entered by their mothers,
who desired that their children might have the benefit of a bet-
ter education than their own localities afforded. At the close of
the war, many mothers found themselves widows with large fam*
ilies of children, and at that time without pensions, which, in
most instances, have since been obtained, the Orphans' Home
then supplied the want so greatly felt by them.
Now the question arises, is the Home doing for the orphans
all the State ought to do for them, or is it doing the best that
can be done for them? We reply, that, in our opinion, it is not.
In the first place, we think the location of the Home was not
well chosen for a permanent institution, however well it may
have answered for the time being; but it was found already
started by private charity, with many soldiers' orphans gathered
in, and there seemed then no alternative but for the State to
adopt it just as it was. Situated on a part of a block of ground
in the city of Madison, hedged in on one side by the lake, and
on all other sides by streets, there was no room for expansion,
consequently no industrial pursuits could be inaugurated, for
neither building nor grounds admitted of any, excepting, that
the boys and girls did the chores, and a few boys were employed
in assisting the shoemaker; this was well as far as it went, but
it was very little among so many. With no land adjacent for
cultivation, nothing left for the children to do, but eat, drink,
play and go to school; no wonder that it was at times hard to
keep the larger boys and girls under proper restraint, much less
to prevent them from acquiring fixed habits of idleness. At
first, these evils were but little felt, the children, many of them
being small, and the larger ones remaining for a short time only;
but as years rolled on, the one great want of the institution be-
came more and more apparent.
Children have been yearly sent out from the Home at fifteen
or sixteen years of age, with some book learning, it is true, but
as ignorant of the way to meet the stern duties of life, as they
were the day they entered. This we feel should not be so. We
believe the Home should have been located at some accessible
point; it should have had at least forty acres of land — one
hundred would have been better. It should have been provided
with workshops, so that the labor of the children could have
been utilized; not that their labor, in dollars and cents, would
have been much to the state, but the habits of industry formed
10
'would have been much to the children. Furthermore, all expe-
rience has shown that it is better for their morals to educate
children in families, than to bring together large numbers of
both sexes under one roof. If the Home had been located on a
farm, with several family buildings, with work shops of different
kinds, similar to the location and arrangements of the Indus-
trial School for Boys, at Waukesha, it would have obviated
many of the difficulties under which the institution has labored,
and rendered it far more beneficial to the children who have
been its inmates.
But, after all, no public institution, however costly it may be,
or well located, or managed, can compare with the home where
mother is. We believe the State cannot now do any better for
these, its wards, than to provide them, as speedily as possible,
with homes in families, where they can be well cared for, and
taught such occupations and habits of industry as will enable
them to earn their own bread, by and by.
From a somewhat intimate personal acquaintance with these
children, we are led to think that many of them at least, have
imbibed what we consider to be wrong views of life. They
have been taught to think that to be professional men and ladies
is what they ought to aim at ; that to be lawyers, doctors, clerks
and school teachers, is the mark toward which they should press.
We admit the professions are honorable, and all well enough
for those who have talents and the means to fit themselves for
such, but it is a well known fact that, in our country, the pro-
fessions are crowded, and while skilled labor is at all times in
demand, and commands its own price, the professions which are
generally termed genteel are, except to the favored few, yield-
ing but a slim support, and are quite often but another name for
beggary. We confess to having a preference for a system of
training which will make these children in love with the occu-
pation of farmers and mechanics, rather than to the one which
teaches that only the professions are honorable.
These orphans are not as a class likely to have much capital
to start with in life, and it is therefore all the more important
that they should early learn to rely upon themselves. But the
11
question now is, what plan can be suggested which will meet
the requirements of the case? We will present a plan which
occurs to us; it may not be the best, as it certainly is not the
only one, but it is this: let the legislature appropriate a sum of
money, say fifty dollars per child, to be paid annually to all
mothers having children now in the Home, who choose to take
their children home and provide for them, an exception to be
made in the cases of such mothers as are manifestly unsuited to
have charge of their children. When the child has no mother
living, or, if living, is unfit, or does not choose to take her chil-
dren, then let some relative have the opportunity to receive the.
orphan into his family, with the same aid which would have
been given to the mother.
j r If this does not take all the children, as it probably will not,
tl^n let the remainder be provided for in other families, or put
to trades. Let this be done under a State agent, whose duty it
should be to maintain a strict watch over the children provided
for under this proposed act, during their minority. This aid
would not be required affcer the child became fifteen years of
age, but in exceptional cases.
We believe some plan like this would be far better for the
children than to keep them in the institution, the cost to the
State being much less than the present system. The only extra
cost would be the expense of the State agent. The saving
would be, the expense of the large number of employes, which
under the present system are found to be necessary. We be-
lieve one-half of the cost of supporting the soldiers' orphans
could be saved, to the positive benefit of the children.
Respectfully submitted,
HENRY HARNDEN.
Madison, September .30, 1872.
REPORT
CONCERNING THE PUPILS FROM THE HOME AT THE NOR-
MAL INSTITUTION AT WHITEWATER.
In chapter 49, General Laws of 1870, and chapter 124, Gen-
eral Laws of 1871, the Legislature authorized the Board of
Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to send to one of the
State Normal Schools such pupils from the Home, not exceeding
six in number in any one year, as should pass a satisfactory exam-
ination, and appropriated a sum of money not to exceed two
hundred dollars per annum for each pupil, to pay the expenses
to be thereby incurred. Said act also provided that you should
report to the Governor, and annually file with the Secretary of
State, vouchers for said expenditures. At your meeting in June,
1870, after a personal examination of the pupils, recommended
by the Superintendent of the Home and of the report of the As-
sistant State Superintendent of Public Instruction, you selected
Mary E. Skinner, Lottie Robinson, Watson Hitchcock, Theresa
Place, Kate Stalker and Alice Friselle as the pupils for that
year, and designated the Normal School at Whitewater, as the
place to which they should be sent. You also authorized Hon.
N. M. Little John of Whitewater, who was then the President of
your Board to take the charge and oversight of these pupils, and
to disburse the funds appropriated for their benefit.
At the commencement of the school year in September, they
were accordingly sent to Whitewater, but upon examination,
some of them were found to be below the standard of attainments,
necessary to enable them to enter upon the regular course, and
were therefore detained in the academic department during the
year. Our judgment however was clear, from the verbal re-
ports received from N. M. Littlejohn, that as a whole, the class
13
had made such satisfactory progress in their studies, as to amply
justify the generosity of the legislature in affording them this
opportunity. At the close of the year, N. M. Littlejohn filed
his vouchers for the disbursements made, with the Secretary of
State. At your meeting in June, 1871, N. M. Littlejohn hav-
ing left the Board, the undersigned was empowered to draw and
disburse the appropriation in accordance with the provisions of
of the law authorizing it, and to represent the Board with the
students from the Home, at Whitewater. You also selected
Emma Ballenger, Nellie Hogoboom, Mary Marcum, George Mar-
shall, Sumner Gifford and William Welch, as the class for that
year, and directed me to apply for their admission also at
Whitewater. At the commencement of the school year they
were admitted, but the same difficulty of too low a standard of
scholarship to enable them all to enter upon the regular course,
as with the class of 1870, was experienced. In February last,
Mary Marcum and Theresa Place were sent to their homes, in
consequence of an indisposition on their part, to submit to the
discipline of the school. But one of these girls is now teach-
ing in one of our public schools, and is succeeding well. Some
of the other pupils have made very satisfactory advancement;
all have done reasonably well in their studies during the year.
During the vacation, those of the pupils who have homes, are
permitted to visit their friends; those who have no homes, or none
within the state, return to the Home at Madison.
The following is a copy of the report made by me to the Sec-
retary of State at the close of the fiscal year:
Janesville, Auggust 28, 1872.
" Hon. Ll. Breese, Secretary of State,
"Madison, Wis.:
" In pursuance of law, and in behalf and by authority of the
Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, at Madison,
Wis., I have drawn from the state treasury during the past year,
twenty-four hundred dollars, to be expended for the support of
pupils from the Home, whose names are hereto annexed, sent
14
to the Normal Institute, at Whitewater, at the commencement
of school year, September, 1871. Names of the pupils are as
follows, yiz: Watson Hitchcock, George Marshall, Sumner Gif-
ford, William Welch, Mary Skinner, Alice Friselle, Kate Stal-
ker, Theresa Place, Lottie Robinson, Nellie Hogoboom, Emma
Ballenger, Mary Marcum. I enclose herewith vouchers number
one (1) to thirty-six (36) inclusive, for expenditures on said ac-
count, making in the aggregate the sum of $2,139.94, and leav-
ing in my hands a balance of $260.06.
« JAMES BINTLIFF, Vice President,
" Board Trustees Soldiers' Orphans' Home.*'
There can be no doubt that in making this provision, whereby
a few of the orphans of Wisconsin heroes may obtain an honora-
ble profession, the legislature correctly represented the sen-
timent of the people of this state. The people are willing to
take these children by the hand and aid them to prepare to en-
gage in the stern duties of life, and, in our judgment, in no other
way can this be more effectually done than in affording them
these educational opportunities.
JAMES BINTLIFF.
SEORETARTS REPORT.
Fond du Lac, Wis., September 30, 1872.
To the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers^ Orphans* Home:
Pursuant to the resolution of the Board, directing me, as
Secretary, to take such steps as were necessary, to carry out
the provisions of chapter 147, laws of 1872, 1 respectfully sub-
mit the following report of my proceedings:
There were at the time of the passage of said act, 231 orphans
at the '^ Home,'' and there have since been admitted 31, making
a total of 262. Of these, 141 are boys and 121 girls. Their ages
may be classed as follows:
Under, five years, one. Over five and under seven, five.
Over seven and under ten, forty. Over ten and under four-
teen, one hundred and seventy. Over fourteen years, thirty-
nine. Unknown ages, seven.
As soon as practicable,^after being authorized, I addressed to
the parent or guardian of each child a letter, setting forth in
brief the main features and objects of the law, my position
under the resolution of the Board, and asking for all informa-
•
tion within their knowledge pertinent to the purposes and end
sought. Each letter was accompanied by a uniform set of
interrogatories, the answers to which would give the facts
desired, or indicate the channel through which they might
be obtained ; and with every letter was enclosed a properly
addressed, stamped envelop for reply. This led to a corres-
pondence of more or less magnitude with mother^, and guar-
dians, with relatives and friends of the orphans, and with vari-
ous county judges throughout the state.
Very much of this has not yet been brought to a close. I
have opened a record where, under each orphan's name is noted
such facts appertaining to him or her as are from time to time
16
developed by my investigations, with reference to source of
information.
All material correspondence is carefully numbered, filed and
preserved. For a detailed statement of each individual case,
the facts elicited and progress made therein, I respectfully refer
the Board to that'^record.
You will notice, among other things, that of the 262 orphans,
184 have mothers living, and 78 have neither father nor mother.
Fifty-eight mothers have re-married since their children entered
the Home. Twelve have removed from the State. Of the 262
orphans, I find 51 (and there are doubtless more) who have
guardians regularly appointed by the probate judges of their
respective counties. Of these guardians, 39 are drawing pen-
sions for their wards. Seventy-three of the mothers are drawing
the two dollars additional pension for each child, while 29 have
as yet received no pension certificate.
In several instances no application has been been made to the
government, and in others the claims are still pending. There
seems to be a general desire expressed, as well by county judges
as others, to require guardians to insure the faithful perform-
ance of their trusts by sufficient bonds, and when requested, the
former have ordered guardians to file additional bonds. As a
rule, the latter have not been prompt in making their reports to
county judges. This to a certain extent has been remedied. I
expect to have the record completed by the time of your semi-
annual meeting in April. For many reasons it has been im-
practicable to do so for the present session.
It is a matter of gratification to know that the management
of the Home, in all its departments, the instruction, discipline
and care, bestowed upon the children there, meet the hearty ap-
proval and commendation of nearly every mother and guardian
who has a child in that institution.
Expressions of this nature, and likewise of heartfelt gratitude
to the State, for providing such a Home, reach me from every
part of the commonwealth.
C. K. PIER,
Secretary Board of Trustees S, O, S,
TREASURER'S REPORT.
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
Tjreasurer's Office,
Madison, Oct. 8th, 1872.
To the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers* Orphans* Home of
the State of Wisconsin:
Gentlemen: Herewith I hand you my annual report as
Treasurer of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home of this State, for the
fiscal year ending on the 30th day of September, 1872.
Very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
HENRY BiETZ,
State Treasurer,
2— Orph. Hohe. Poo. 10.)
18
Treasurer's Report — continued.
1873
Feb. 29
Apr. 2
Apr. 24
June 1
Aug. 8
Sept. 12
KECEIPTB.
1871
Oct. 5
Oct. 7
Dec. 2
Dec. 28
1872
Jan. 20
Jan. 26
Feb. 20
Mar. 1
Mar. 29
Apr. 2
Apr. 24
May 4
June 1
July 6
Aug. 8
Aug. 22
Sept. 11
Balance on hand Oct. 1, 1871
Received of W. P. Towers, Superintend-
ent, unexpended balance
Received of State Treasurer, to apply on
appropriation for the year 1872
Received of State Treasurer, amount ap-
propriated for soldiers' orphans in
normal schools
Received of State Treasurer, to apply on
appropriation for the year 1872
Received of State Treasurer, for support
of pupils in normal'schools, as per war-
rant of Secretary of State, dated Aug.
2, 1872 (No. 2,467)
Received of Gen. Henry Harnden, Trus-
tee of " Home," being amount refund
ed by Naval Academy at Annapolis,
in case of M. Blakesley
Total receipts
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid James Bintliff, expenses
C. K. Pier, expenses
W. P. Towers, Sunt., current exp's
do do do... .
do do do... .
do do do ....
James Bintliff, expenses
C. K. Pier, expenses
W. P. Towers, Supt, current exp's
R. W. Burton, Supt., current exp's
Henry Harnden, stationery and
postage stamps for " Home '*
R. W. Burton, Supt., current exp's
James Bintliff, for soldiers' orphans
in normal schools
R, W. Burton, Supt., current exp's
do do do . . .
John H. Rountree, to defray exp'es
of Mary Barrett at Platteville
NormarSchool
R. W. Burton, Supt., current exp's
do do do
$16,668 05
675 70
7,500 00
1,200 00
7,500 00
1,200 00
113 47
111 80
17 00
3,000 00
3,000 00
8,000 00
3,000 00
19 75
61 10
3,000 00
2,244 60
25 00
3,000 00
1,200 00
3,000 00
3,000 00
2,500 00
200 00
1,000 00
1,500 00
Total disbursements
Balance in fund Sept. 30, 1872
'182,768 75
2, 088 47
$34,857 22
134,857 22
19
Treasurer^B Heport — continued.
WARD FUND OP THE SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME.
As stated in my last annual report, I have received of Henry
Hamden, one of the trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home,
the following securities, viz:
1871
Dec. 12
1872
Jan. 17
July 15
1871
Dec. 1
Dec. 80
1872
Hay 4
May 27
Aug. 29
5 6-20 U. S. coupon Vds, of |1 ,000 each
10 5 per cent, bonds of the city of Mil-
waukee, of $1, 000 each
2 6 per cent, bonds of the city of Alba-
ny, of 11,000 each
2 7 per cent, first mortgage bonds of
the Ohio & Miss. R. R. Co.. of |1,000
each
4 5 per cent, bonds of the city of Pitts-
burg, of f 1 , 000 each
Currency
15,000 00
10,000 00
2,000 00
2,000 00
4,000 00
554 97
These securities remain the same as be
fore, except that the said Ohio & Miss
issippi Railway bonds have since been
redeemed at par, in currency, and the
avails, (|2, 000) deposited by me in the
savings department of the State Bank,
at M^ison, drawing 6 per cent, inter-
est per annum, both prmcipal and in-
terest payable to the treasurer of the
Soldiers' Orphans' Home.
The receipts into said funds ince my last
annual report,have been as follows, viz :
November, 1871 interest on U. S. 5-20
bonds
January, 1872, interest on Ohio and Miss.
Railway bonds, less $1 .75 tax
January, 1872,interest on the bonds of the
city of Pittsburg
December, 1871, int. on Mil. city bonds. .
July 1872 interest on U. S- 5-20 bonds. . .
niSBUnSEMEKTS.
W. P. Towers, Sup't (for F. Blakesley). .
W. P. Towers, for Christmas tree for
"Home,"
C. K. Pier, expenses incurred in provid
in^ suitable homes for orphans
R. W. Burton, superintendent
R. W. Burton (for F. Blakesley)
Total disbursements
Balance in fund, Sept. 30, 1872:
Bonds $21,000 00
In bank on interest 2,000 00
Currency in hands of Treas'r 912 62
$105 19
68 25
100 00
250 00
170 00
$25 00
195 89
100 00
50 00
25 00
$895 89
$28,554 97
$753 44
$23,912 52
$24, 808 41
$24,808 41
^
Treasurer's JReport — continued.
" SMITH FUND " OF HOME.
1872 BKCBIFTS.
Jan. 6 Received of C. K. Pier, Secretary of the
Board of Trastees of the "Home,"
(being portion of a bequest of Caroline
E. Smith
June 15 Received of C. K. Pier, Secretary of the
Board of Trustees of the '-Home,'*
(being balance of said Smith legacy). . .
Sept. 80 Three months' interest on |1,000.00, in
bank, at 6 per cent
Balance in fund Sept. 90, 1872 :
In State Bank on interest
Currency in hands of Treasurer
$1,000 00
1,000 00
15 00
11,000 00
1,015 00
12,015 00
12,015 00
PHYSICIAN'S REPORT.
To the Trustees of the Soldiers^ Orphans^ Home :
Gentlemen: I have the honor herewith to transmit my annual
report of the diseases incident to the inmates of the Soldiers'
Orphans' Home, during the past year.
No deaths have occurred. One case of cerebro spinal menin-
getis resulted in loss of hearing.
The sanitary regulations are uniformly satisfactory, for which
much credit is due to the superintendent and matron, as well as
for their kind interest in the moral and mental training of the
children.
Abscesses 3
Burns d
Carbuncles 4
Catarrh (nasal) 4
Cerebro spinal meningetis • 5
Croup 8
Diarrhoea 18
Erysipelas 2
Frozen feet ^ 8
Gastric fever 10
Intermittent fever 15
Malarial fever 20
Measles 2
Mumps 8
Necrosis femur 1
Necrosis tibia 1
Opthalmia 15
Otitis 8
Pneumonia 3
Pleuritis*. 2
Poison by ivy 2
Rheumatism 4
Scro fill a 1
Synovitis 1
Tonsllitis 44
Ulcer of the cornea. 1
Ulcer of the leg 2
Vertigo 1
179
22
There was one case of fracture of the fore-arm, and one dis-
location of the wrist.
Respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
A. J. WARD, M. D.
SUPERINTENDENT TOWERS' REPORT.
ITo the Truateea of the Soldiers* Orphans* Home of Wisconsin:
GsNTLBMEN — I respectfully present the following as the re-
port of the Home, for the five months of the present fiscal year)
ending March 1, 1872:
dumber of children belonging to the Home at the date of last report 214
ITumber admitted since then 21
Total 285
Kumber discharged in the past five months 19
210
Applications on file, accepted 1
Total belonging to the Home, March 1, 1873 217
The name and history of each child received since October 1,
1871, is as follows:
AxiCE M. Majob, aged 12, daughter of Thomas P. Major, 29th
Regt., died at New Orleans. Entered Oct. 7th, by mother
Douglas, Marquette Co., Wis.
Willis E. Majob, aged 10 years; as above.
Oblando a. Colman, aged 13 years, son of Jordan Colman, 36th
Wis., died at Salisbury, N. C. Entered by mother, Nov.
6th; Rubicon, Dodge Co., Wis.
Alios A. Colman, aged 12 years; as above.
Maby a. Colman, aged 9 years; as above.
Ed. Killiston, aged 11 years, son of Geoi^e Killiston, 35th
Wis., died at Neosho, Wis. Entered by mother, Nov. 5th;
Rubicon, Wis.
24
Hannah Randle, aged 10 years, daughter of John Handle,
25th Wis., died at Andersonville. Entered by mother,
Nov. 15th; Wilton, Monroe Co., Wis.
John A. Parker, aged 10 years, son of Levi M. Parker, 12th
Wis.; died at Pulaski. Entered by mother, Nov. 22; Chi-
cago, 111.
Wm. E. Parejbb, aged 8 years; as above.
James S. Slater, aged 12 years, son of Wm. Slater, 1st cav-
alry, died at Andersonville. Entered by mother; Oregon,
Wis., Dec. 6.
Ellen M. Slater, aged 9 years; as above.
Emha Weeks, aged 12 years, daughter of Geo. H. Weeks, 76th
Reg., N. Y., died at Alexandria. Entered by mother, S. F.
Davis, Dec. 11; Madison, Wis.
Alex. Fontaine, aged — years, son of Antonie Fontaine, 11th
Wis., died at Montgomery, Ala. Entered by Xavier Mar-
tin; Green Bay, Dec. 12.
Emma Buck, aged 5 years, daughter of M. D. L. Buck, 5th Wis.,
mother dead; father left the State in a partially insane con-
dition; reported to have died in Iowa one year ago. En-
tered by J. B. Hasbrouck, Grand Rapids, Wis., Dec. 20.
John G. Wood, aged 12 years, son of John G. Wood, 36th Wis.,
died at Madison, Wis. Mother dead. Entered by Cornelia
Bowen; Ithica, Richland Co., Wis., Jan. 1, 1872.
Roland Hill, aged 12 years, son of Erasmus W. Hill, 29th
Wis., died at Watertown, Wis. Entered by mother; Wa-
tertown, Jan. 12, 1872.
John H. Nimmo, aged 12 years, son of Richard Nimmo, 29th
Wis., died at Memphis. Entered by mother; Christiana,
Dane Co., Wis., Jan. 18.
Jenny D. Nimmo, aged 10 years; as above.
Catharine Ann Ellis, aged 13 years, daughter of Richard
Ellis, 25th Wis., died at Chattanooga. Entered by mother;
Lima, Pepin Co., Wis., Feb. 5.
25
Judith Ellis, aged 10 years; as above.
RosANNA TouNABD, aged 13 years, daughter of Joseph Tpun-
ard, 12th Wis., died -on hospital steamer. Mother dead.
Entered by Alex. Guesneir; Green Bay, Feb. 12.
The total amount of receipts during the past five months, in-
cluding the balance on hand at the date of last report, was
$16,841 90; the disbursements for that time were $16,165 20,
leaving a balance in my hands of $675 70, whieh I have paid
over to Hon. Henry Bsetz, Treasurer of the " Home," taking
his receipt for the same.
I have expended of the amount appropriated by you from the
" Ward Legacy," the sum of $195 89, in procuring Christmas
presents for the children, and $25 for the benefit of Frank
Blakesley, the boy employed in the Railroad machine shops in
Milwaukee, vouchers for both of which expenditures are on file.
Respectfully submitted,
W. P. TOWERS.
26
DETAILED FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
To the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers'* Orphans* Some:
Gentlemen: — The following is a detailed statement of the re-
ceipts aud expenditures of the Home, from October 1, 1871, to
February 29, 1872, inclusive.
1871
Oct 1
Oct. 9
Nov. 29
Dec. 26
1872
Jan. 20
Feb. 20
Balance on hand . .
Cash of Treasurer.
..do do ...
..do do...
..do
..do
.do
.do
Total amount received
$1,841 90
3,000 00
3,000 00
8,000 00
3,000 00
3.000 00
116,841 90
I have paid on account of expenses from October 1, 1871, to
February 29, 1872, inclusive, the following sums, vouchers for
which are on file with the State Treasurer, duplicates at the
Home.
Date.
No.
1871
Oct.
2
1
Oct.
3
2
Oct.
3
3
Oct.
3
4
Oct.
8
5
Oct.
3
6
Oct.
5
7
Oct.
6
8
Oct
5
9
Oct
5
10
Oct
0
11
Oct
6
12
Oct
6
13
Oct
6
14
Oct
7
15
Oct
7
16
Oct
9
17
Oct
10
18
Oct
11
19
To whom and for what paid.
Chas. Burse, potatoes
S. H. Cowles, bread .
H. Wildhagen, grapes, etc ,
Fred. Hausmire, potatoes
J. Conlon, butter
Bray & Pierson, carpenter work. .
To] ford & Nichols, meat
E. W. Keyes, postage stamps
W. P. Towers, expenses
R. L. Garlick, crockery
Dunning & Sumner, groceries, etc
J. E. Moseley, books, etc
Mrs. Oleson, butter
Mr. Whiting, turnips
Aug. Dohn, potatoes
Jacob Esser, shoemaking
H. P. Hall, milk
D. L. Babcock, writing
Gas Company, gas for September.
Amount.
110 21
227 14
8 18
10 23
2 72
116 37
146 93
15 00
30 50
25 75
162 19
110 07
1 61
5 30
7 40
48 75
189 31
27 60
48 15
27
Detailed Financial Statement — Expenditure8'--coni\xi\x^^.
1871
Oct. 12
Oct. 14
Oct. 14
'Oct. 14
Oct. 18
Oct. 17
Oct. 17
Oct 18
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
Oct. 19
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 21
Oct. 23
Oct. 23
Oct. 24
Oct. 27
Oct. 28
Oct. 30
Oct. 30
Oct. 30
Oct. 30
Oct.- 31
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Not. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 2
Nov. 3
Nov. 3
Nov. 3
Nov. 3
Nov. 4
Nov. 6
Nov. 8
Nov. 8
Bunker & Vroman, lumber
Mr. Whiting, squash
Auff. Lempp, services
C. Askew, biacksmitliing
W. H. Hamden, butter and eggs
Mrs. Shroeder, sewing
W. W. Miner, butter
Mrs. Clark, chickens
R. L. Newton, apples
M. Halstead, sewing machines
Huntley & Wootton, provisions ,
Cook Bros., leather and findings
Thos. Killian, potatoes
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries
Peter Anderson, cabbage
Mr. Sweeney, potatoes
J. Conlin, butter
Samuel Arthur, potatoes
J. R. Hiestand, onions
Thos. Killian, potatoes
Mil. & St. P. R. R., freight \.,,
Mrs. Devine, services ,
R. Entwhistle, apples
R. L. Newton, Apples
A. J. Ward, salary
S. Klaubcr & Co., dry goods
S. Klauber & Co., diy goods
E. W. Keyes, box rent and postage ...
A. B. Devoe, expenses of Ed. Devoe..
8. H. Cowles, bread
D. L. Babcock, window fasteners
H.P.Hall, milk
Jas. Finnev, butter
Tolford &*^NichoIs, meat
Conklin & Gray, coal
Pay roll for October
Mrs. Coufhlin, potatoes
Jacob Esscr, shoemaking
D. L. Babcock, writing
Mrs. Adulof, eggs
J. H. D. Baker, groceries
W. A. Oppell, vegetables
Gas Co., gas for October
Ira Mass, apples
G. W. P. Whiting, turnips
Moseley & Bro.. stationery and books
1360 61
6 23
13 00
6 80
10 07
82 00
25 84
2 81
23 25
65 00
37 18
150 03
16 25
7 13
2 68
15 00
1 17
0 50
17 50
8 37
4 13
6 00
15 00
18 90
33 33
16 55
59 11
3 95
20 00
278 58
3 60
209 79
23 79
167 78
510 73
632 33
3 50
65 00
68 75
8 00
20 35
49 12
76 50
14 70
840
37 92
16 87
28
Detailed Financial Statement — Expenditures — continued.
Date.
1871.
Nov. 10
67
Nov. 10
68
Nov. 12
69
Nov. 14
70
Nov. 14
71
Nov. 14
72
Nov. 14
73
Nov. 14
74
Nov. 17
75
Nov. 21
76
Nov. 24
77
Nov. 28
78
Nov. 28
79
Nov. 28
80
Nov. 28
81
Dec. 2
82
Dec. 2
83
Dec. 4
84
Dec. 4
85
Dec. 4
86
Dec. 5
87
Dec. 7
88
Dec. 9
89
Dec. 9
90
Dec. 11
91
Dec. 11
92
Dec. 11
93
Dec. 13
94
Dec. 13
95
Dec. 15
90
Dec. 20
97
Dec. 21
98
Dec. 26
99
Dec. 26
100
Dec. 26
101
Dec. 26
102
Dec. 26
103
1872.
Jan. 8
104
Jan. 3
ia5
Jan. 8
106
Jan. 8
107
Jan. 3
108
Jan. 8
109
Jan. 3
110
Jan. 3
111
Jan. 3
112
Jan. 8
113
Jan. 4
114
Jan. 4
115
Jan. 4
110
Jan. 4
117
Jan. 5
118
No.
To wbom and for what paid.
Geo. F. Tavlor, shoes, etc
Dunning & Sumner, groceries, etc
A. Culver, lard and hams
Mrs. Clark, butter
Express Company, freight
W. P. Towers, expenses
Geo. Lee, pickles and butter
Geo. Whiting, turnips
Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co., freight . .
Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co.,freight . .
I. French, straw
Pay roll for November
Charles Oshlut, turkeys and chickens
Dr. A. J. Ward, salary for November
Mr. Curtin, turkeys
E. W. Keyes, stamps
Tolford & Nichols, meat
Moseley & Bro., piano and books
H.P.Hall, milk
Jacob Esser, shoemaking
S. H. Cbwlcs, bread
Peter Anderson, tallow, etc
Gas Company, gas for November
Madison Woolen Mills, cloth
Dunning & Sumner, groceries, etc
W. G. Benedict, groceries, etc
Rice & Friedman, dry goods
J. Schweincm, ice
J. B. Bowen, straw
Chas. Hawks, sewing machine supplies
Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co., freight . .
John Wood, straw
W. H. Harndcn, beans
Payroll for December
E. W. Keyes, stamps
8. E. Pearson, carpenter work
Mrs. Welch, sewing
Main & Spooner, insurance
M. J. Vincent, butter
A. J. Ward, sal airy for December
H. P. Hall, milk
S. H. Cowles, bread
Mrs. Adolf, oil and tallow
W. P. Thompson, skate straps, etc
Jacob Esser, shoemaking
Tolford & Nichols, meat
J. H. D. Baker, apples and groceries
Thos. Regan, gas and water fitting
W. P. Towers, expenses
W. P. Towers, expenses
Express and telegraph
Gas Company, gas for December
Amoant.
1275 50
91 61
8 30
1 76
2 20
13 65
14 25
7 80
3 54
1 12
16 00
669 33
9 80
33 33
10 08
15 00
155 21
390 95
207 03
62 50
289 37
4 87
90 45
489 18
73 80
72 12
52 50
30 00
16 00
12 46
1 17
12 00
17 62
603 33
6 00
34 37
4 .W
175 00
5 60
33 33
180 84
262 70
9 30
18 85
01 25
105 23
86 40
36 33
4 50
6 82
2 20
112 50
29
Detailed Financial /Statement — Expenditures — continued.
6
9
9
9
9
9
1872
Jan. 5
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan. 10
Jan. 10
Jan. 10
Jan. 10
Jan. 12
Jan. 17
Jan. 19
Jan. 20
Jan. 22
Jan. 23
Jan. 23
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 29
Jon. 80
Jan. 80
Jan. 80
Jan. 30
Jan. 81
1
1
3
3
5
5
5
Feb.
Feb.
Feb. 2
Feb. 2
Feb.
Feb.
Feb. 8
Feb. 3
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb. 6
Feb. 6
Feb. 6
Feb. 7
Feb. 10
Feb. 13
Feb. 14
Feb. 14
Feb. 17
Feb. 17
Feb. 17
Feb. 19
Feb. 20
Feb. 22
Feb. 22
Feb. 22
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
Mrs. Tubbs, sewing
Wm. Eavanaugh, wood
H. P. Allen, hauling wood
Jf. P. Jones, piciure
S. Klauber & Co., dry goods
S. Klauber & Co., dry goods
Peter Anderson, watching wood
Hill & Vaughan, cement
A. F. Waltzinger, candy
Moseley & Bro., books etc
Vroman, Frank <fe Co., furnace etc . .
N. J. Moody, dentistry
William Kavanaugh, wood
H. P. Allen, hauling wood
R. Jones, potatoes
Wm. Kavanaugh, wood
J. Flynn, butter
H. Grove, vinegar
H. Perry, butter
H. P. Allen, hauling wood
B. Kohner, cutting suits
George F. Taylor, shoes
Pay roll and labor
Mil. «fc St. P. R. R., freight on wood.
D. Memhard, fruit
D. L. Babcock, writing
8. H. Cowles, bread
Mary Bevitt, teaching
Gas Company, gas
Estate J. T. Wilson, drugs
E. A. Jones, medicines
Mrs. Doylan, labor
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries. . . .
W. Hcitkamp, blacksmithing
E. W. Keyes, postage stamps
Isaac Klauber, groceries
Tolford & Nichols, meat
H.P.Hall, milk
Express Company
Moseley & Bro., stationery, etc
Jas. E. Fisher, furniture and repairs
F. Hanson, flour
H. P. Allen, sawing wood
Dunning & Sumner, groceries, etc. . .
Adam mrth, painting
H. Kleuter, oats and teed
Bobbins & Thornton, flour, et<:
W. A. Oppell, provisions, etc
J. K. Fuller, doctoring horse
Wm. Kavanaugh, wood
Bunker & Vroman, lumber
Ricker, Crombie & Co., groceries . . .
State Industrial School, brooms ....
$5 00
808 00
33 60
3 00
118 71
17 50
<l 00
4 50
3 20
24 40
378 73
80 00
827 25
35 70
11 50
865 75
4 84
9 08
9 97
89 90
89 00
54 45
744 41
168 00
2 50
11 25
275 52
13 00
110 70
7 28
20 25
1 50
69 22
6 60
9 00
7 60
185 66
204 01
1 55
28 85
40 80
13 00
43 00
42 85
1 25
18 90
129 85
97 43
200
816 25
61 28
200 84
41 90
30
Detailed Financial Statement — Expenditures— QoniinM^d,
1872
Jan. 22
Jan. 22
Jan. 23
Jan. 23
Jan. 23
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 24
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
Jan. 26
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
To whom and for what paid.
Seifert & Lawton, views of " Home," .
G. W. Hersce, tuning pianos
H. P. Allen, hauling wood
John Reiner, straw
F. Hanse i, flour and meal
Ed. Morden, repairing pumps
Cook Bro's, leather, etc
Dunning & Sumner, groceries, etc
B. W. Suckow, binding books
Geo. F. Taylor, shoes, etc
W. J. Park & Co., books
Vroman, Frank & Co., hardware
Pardee & Bro., drugs
H. Klueter, feed
TV. J. & F. Ellsworth, groceries
Atwood & Culver, paper and printing.
Chas. Askew, blacksmithing
Madison Woolen Mills, yarn, etc
Bamsdalc & Hegan, horseshoing
Huntley & Wootton, groceries
J. H. D. Baker, groceries
Moseley & Bro., books and stationery.
Mrs. Flynn, eggs
M. Halstead, machine attachments. . .
8. E. Pearson, carpenter work
W. Veerhusen, confectioner}'
S. Klauber <& Co., dry goods
Pay roll and labor for February
Mrs. Adolph, eggs . ,
M."^* St. P. U. Km hauling wood
W. A. Oppcl, provisions ,
W. P. Towers, cash paid for butter. . .
W. P. Towers, cash paid for stamps . .
D. L. Babcock, w^riting
Henry Boctz, treasurer, cash bal. ret'd . ,
AmoDDt.
$8 15
6 00
34 50
4 00
26 52
5 00
108 95
132 14
3 50
14 80
1 20
10 92
3 35
2 50
20 12
44 00
3 00
21 75
4 50
24 08
13 50
26 54
1 75
1 85
3 75
2 15
169 84
752 76
5 72
550 50
10 23
6 84
1 00
11 25
675 70
$16,841 90
SUPERINTENDENT BURTON'S REPORT.
To the Tniateea of the Soldiers^ Orphans^ Home of Wis.:
Gentlemen: Allow me to present to you the following report
of the institution from March 1 to Sept. 30, 1872, inclusive:
Number of children in the Home, March 1, 1872 217
Since admitted 33
Total 250
Number discharged 35
Total number belonging to the Home, Sept. 30, 1872 215
The following is the name and history of each child received
since March 1st:
James Bartholomew, aged 12 years, son of Abram Bartholo-
Ynew, 33d regiment, died at Moscow, Tenn. Entered by
mother; March 11, 1872, Windsor, Wis.
Albert A. Bartholomew, aged 11 years; as above.
John Mathews, aged 8 years, son of Baptist Mathews, 4th cav-
alry, died at Morgansa, La. Entered by mother, April 3,
1872; Tunnel City, Wis.
Frank Perry, aged 12 years, son of Alfred W. Perry, 8th ar-
tillery, died at Camp Utley, Racine. Entered by mother,
April 4, 1872; Wausau, Wis.
Emma Ramsey, aged 9 years, daughter of Thomas M. Ramsey,
42d Regt., died at Cairo, 111. Widow supports herself by
sewing. Entered by mother, April 10, 1872; Pleasant
Prairie, Wis.
Nellie Ramsey, aged 7 years; as above.
32
Oliver Pulver, aged 12 years, son of John N. Pulver, 43d Regt.,
died at Madison, Ind. Widow dependent upon her own
exertions. Entered by mother, May 1, 1872; Springville,
Wis.
Blanche Pulver, aged 8 years; as above.
Casper Penhallow, aged 10 years, son of Reuben Penhallow,
35th regiment, died at Morganza, La. Entered by Col.
C. K. Pier, May 8th, 1872, Fond du Lac.
Laura Penhallow, aged 8 years; as above.
Emmet Duvall, aged 12 years, son of Truman Duvall, 2d Cav-
alry, died at Spring Green, Wis. Widow supports herself
by her labor. Entered by A. C. Daley, May 13th, 1872,
Madison.
Eunice Duvall, aged 10 years; as above.
Frank Hatfield, aged 11 years, son of Silas Hatfield, 7th regi
ment. died at Chester, Pa. Widow poor and out of health.
Entered by mother, May, 17th, 1872; Marshall, Wis.
Elsie Welton, aged 9 years, child of Moses S. Welton, 1st
Cavalry, died at Andersonville, Ga. Entered by mother,
July 24th, 1872; Omro, Wis.
Martha Welton, aged 8 years; as above.
Robert Moore, aged 10 years, son of Jeremiah Moore, 33d
regiment, died at Avoca. Widow supports herself by sew-
ing. Re-entered by mother. May 1, 1872; Sextonville, Wis.
Henry Fields, aged 13 years, son of Stephen Fields, 18th regi-
ment, died at Macon, Ga. Re-entered by mother, May 10,
1872; Baraboo, Wis.
Sarah Sheeks, aged 14 years, daughter of W. N. Sheeks, 6th
regiment, killed in battle. Re-entered by Henry Harnden,
June, 1872.
Wm. Hoey, aged 12 years, son of Geo. F. Hoey, 37th regiment,
died at Danville Hospital. Entered by mother, Aug. 8th;
Beloit, Wis.
Cena Layton, aged 12 years, daughter of John Layton, 31st
33
regiment. Entered by mother, Mary E. Lajrton ; Monro e,
Wis., August 30, 1872.
Eliza Latton, aged 10 years; as above.
Phebe Kellisok, aged 8 years, daughter of Geo. Kellison, 35th
Inf. regiment, died at Neosho, Wis. Entered by mother,
Roena Kellison; Neosho, August 5, 1872.
Luna Hicks, aged 9 years, daughter of Geo. E. Hicks, 7th bat-
tery, died at Ashippun. Entered by mother, Lucinda
Hicks; Ashippun, Wis., August 31, 1872.
Marshall Hatfield, aged 13 years, son of Silas Hatfield, 7th
regiment, Co. B, died at Chester, Pa. Entered by mother,
Sarah Hatfield; Medina, Wis., August 31, 1872.
Leroy Hayes, aged 11 years, son of S. H. Hayes, Co. H, 36th
Regt., died at Salisbury, N. C. Entered by mother, Ra-
chael Hayes; Clayton, Wis., September 2, 1872.
Mabia Close, aged 11 years, daughter of John Close, Co. F.,
8th Regt., died at Perryville, Ky. Entered by mother,
Catharine Close; Utica, Wis., September 3, 1872.
Fanny Knoble, aged 9 years, daughter of Casper Knoble, Co.
B, 31st Regt., died in New York Hospital. Entered by
mother; Mt. Sterling, Wis., September 4, 1872.
Willie Randall, aged 11 years, son of Reuben Randall, Co.
H, 36th Regt., died at Salisbury, N. C. Entered by moth-
er, Clestea Randall; Yankeetown, September 2, 1872.
Cabrie Ellis, aged 9 years, daughter of Richard Ellis, 25th
Regt., died at Chattanooga. Entered by mother, Martha
Harmer; Lima, Wis., August 30, 1872.
Leonabd Doty, aged 13 years^ son of George Doty, 2d Wis-
consin cavalry; died at Madison. Entered by his aunt,
Jennie Hamilton; Darlington, September 1, 1872.
Clabence Shaw, aged 13 years, son of William F. Shaw, 25th
regiment, Co. D; died at Memphis, Tenn. Entered by
mother, Louisa J. Shaw, September 14, 1872; Adrian Wis..
Wm. H. Shaw, aged 10 years, as above.
8— Orph. Home. (Doc. 10.)
34
Hugo Muimih, aged 8 years, son of Albert Munim; died at
Whitewater, Wis. Entered by mother, September 24,
1S72; Whitewater.
The children that have been furnished with homes since
March Ist are
Mary J. Legget, with Mr. Nesbits, Clinton Junction.
Wm. Conant, with D. N. Holly, Esq., Merton.
Sarah Sheeks, with uncle, J. Lutes, Pardeeville.
Willie Smith, with P. Sawyer, Oconomowoc.
Belle Smith, with P. Sawyer, Oconomowoc.
Jane E. Faith, with Mr. Vosley, Beloit.
Arthur Burt, with F. Leland, Esq., Elkhorn.
Maggie McFadden with Mr. Spence, Baraboo.
In every instance mentioned, all parties up to this time ex-
press satisfaction.
Several worthy applications to adopt children are now on file.
Believing family influence to be the most potent for the prop-
er development of the child, we earnestly recommend that great-
er effort be made to secure suitable homes for children, particu-
larly those who are soon to leave us unattended by natural pro-
tectors, and in many cases devoid of friends that are able to care
for them.
Such effort we believe will greatly enhance the welfare of the
children, and thereby more completely secure the object of your
earnest endeavors.
36
STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURES,
From March Ut, 1872, to October Ut, 1872, detailed according to form pre-
scribed by State Board of Charities and Rrform,
Articles.
Dbugs akd Mbdicikes
ahu8ehekt6
Clothing.
Boys' Hats ,
Girls' Hats
Tailoring (for Normal scholars),
Sheeting
Checks .
Tweed . .
Dry Goods.
Dress goods and triftimings.
Muslin
Alpaca
Curtains
Flannel ..^.<
Carpets and matting.
Buttons
Hose
Linen thread
Combs
Round combs
Crash ,
Table linen
Needles
Thimbles
Dress braid
Black ribbon
Cottonade
Drilling ,
Paper collars ,
Spool thread
Shoes and findings.
Leather and findings.
Leather and findings .
Blacking
Shoe Shop.
Books asd STATiomsKT.
Coal
Sawing wood.
Gas
Fuel akd Liohtb.
Quantity.
1,524 yds...
580 yds. . . .
211 yds
54 yds. . . .
139 yds
82 yds
116 yds. . . .
78 cro
26 doz....
23 lbs
34 doz
8 doz. . . .
181 yds
138 yds
63 papers.
I gro
12 doz
166 yds
207 yds
53 yds....
50 boxes .
37 doz
18 tons . .
879 cords.
Amount.
$73 53
65 18
117 01
15 04
62 20
225 27
180 36
221 55
116 88
10 80
44 87
4 00
12 50
147 06
20 42
53 30
80 70
21 95
11 20
42 36
65 49
7 62
2 25
8 75
15 55
63 47
9 89
5 00
25 00
164 55
194 08
146 02
3 75
268 02
174 00
162 97
811 80
36
Statement of Expenditures — continued.
Articlxs.
Stablb.
Hay
Oats
Bran
Harness repaired.
Harness oil
MlBCELLAJBfBOUB.
Express and freight .
Confectionery
Notarial Commission,
Postage stamps
Box rent
Labor
Straw
Dishes
Laondry expenses
Boat
Quanticy.
1 ton...
44 bu...
310 lbs...
2 gal.. .
for pupils.
Brooms, brushes, etc
Printing
Travelinff expenses
Furniture
Sunday school papers. . .
Flags
Barbering
Matches
Unclassified expenditures
REPAms.
Painting and glazing.
Sand T.
Lumber
Mason work
Stone
Hardware
Labor
Piano tuning
Lightning rods
Plumbing
Window blinds
Kalsomining
SUBSISTENCB.
Bread...
Crackers.
Cake . . .
Meal ...
Flour. . .
lease.
1 crd,
40,534 lbs.
285 lbs.
110 lbs.
500 lbs.
6,200 lbs.
Amount.
$6 65
14 31
2 90
1 70
3 00
50 06
4 18
2 00
34 34
7 05
5 00
82 75
17 55
9 36
45 00
39 35
25 00
34 95
131 30
87 25
27 37
24 30
5 00
4 70
202 88
254 45
1 00
32 63
83 74
7 00
168 02
25 60
8 00
47 50
38 78
218 28
65 88
1,298 05
25 00
41 80
6 72
214 75
37
Statement of Expenditures — continued.
Abticlbs.
Subsistence-— continued.
Rice
Milk
Butter
Eggs
Cheese
Oat meal . . . .
Salt
Vinegar
Soap
Sugar
Sugar, maple
Coffee, Rio. .
Coffee, Java .
Tea
Bmall Gfroc&ries —
Com starch
Baking powder .
Cocoanut (des). .
Cinnamon......
Cream of Tartar,
Ginger
Nuts
Fruit (canned) . .
Extracts
Maccaroni
Tapioca
Nutmegs
Allspice
Fruits
Lemons
Raisins
Apples
Currants (dried)
Currants (green)
Citron
Oranges
Apples (dried)..
Peaches (dried).
Strawberries . . .
Raspberries . . . .
Blackberries . . .
Peaches
Fruits (mixed)..
VegetabUi —
Cabbages . . .
Beets
Lettuce
Horseradish
Tomips ....
Qnantity.
228,lbs. . .
22,264 qts...
1,564 lbs...
1,869 doz...
113 lbs. . .
1 bbl . .
2bbls..
09 gals. .
1,045 lbs...
2,920 lbs...
62 lbs...
448 lbs. . .
57 lbs. . .
166 lbs. . .
40 lbs. .
148 lbs. .
12 lbs. .
8 lbs. .
lib ..
10 lbs..
86 lbs. .
17 doz .
2 qts .
26 lbs. .
50 lbs. .
5 lbs. .
10 lbs. .
8 doz . .
9 bbls .
80 lbs. . .
22 qts . .
2 lbs. . .
9 doz . .
379 lbs. . .
828 lbs. . .
51 qts . .
51 qts . .
24qts ..
2 boxes
12 doz . .
2 bush.
Auonnt.
$20 60
1,266 94
288 75
146 40
17 34
7 00
5 20
29 86
62 70
828 11
18 91
105 55
17 50
127 45
4 40
57 54
408
1 95
65
8 50
15 89
43 10
400
8 00
5 00
6 00
2 60
4 80
18 25
27 80
3 01
1
1
4
41
48
80
90
80
42 78
7 85
6 57
4
2
08
00
29 bush..
24 99
10 70
1 00
6 10
8 20
440
38
Statement qf Expenditures — continued.
Articles.
Subsistence — con.
Parsnips
Asparagus
Potatoes . . ; . .
MeaJti —
Beef
Mutton
Veal
Pork, salt
Ham
Lamb
Beef tongues.
Lard
Chickens
Turkeys
Tallow
Fiihr-
Mackerel .
Fish, salt .
Fish, fresh
Plants . . .
Seeds ...
Rent. ....
Teaming
Baskets .
Fabm Expenses.
QoAntlty.
3 bu...
106 bu...
7,028
1,864
993
1,227
878
74
110
324
164
126
50
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
1 kit . .
381 lbs. .
232 lbs. .
Amount.
12 70
63
110 60
699 15
186 40
99 80
111 13
44 44
7 85
14 60
32 40
19 54
15 69
3 50
400
25 65
20 22
16 85
10 06
90 00
8 00
2 90
39
Statement of JEsq>enditures — continued.
SALARIES AND WAGES.
Names.
Robert W. Burton....
Emma W. Burton. . . .
Dr. A. J. Ward
Alma Cardelle
Laura Hamden
Maggie Mclntyre ....
Kittie Huntington. . . .
Jennie Terry
Ella Bradley
Helen Sturtevant
Maggie Conklin
Lavinia Thornton ....
Lydia Green
Charlotte Post
Fannie Morgan
Emma Ramsey
Mrs. Storms
Olive Noll
Amerilla Crane
Martha Gloyer
Hannah Doyle
Annie Willson
Mrs. Patterson
Charlotte Post
Marion Strogan
Margaret Buckley. . . .
Mary Ward
Marion Strogan
Bridg'tO'Shaughnessy
Maggie Hogan
Mary Miligan
Delia Miligan
Maggie Curtain
Johanna Crowley
Lena Oleson
Kate Ho^an
Annie E^elley
Maria Lee
Mary Kelly
Maggie Nary
Mary Daly
Maggie Howard
Occapation.
Superintendent
Matron
Physician
Teacher
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Housekeeper.
...do
Seamstress ..
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
...do
Nurse
...do
...do
Dormitory ....
;;!do v,y.\[y.\
. . .do
Cook
...do
...do
do .
...do
Laundress
...do
...do
Ironer
...do
...do
...do
General work..
Tolena Oleson do
John Walters . . . .
Peter Anderson . ,
Thomas Swenson.
Jacob Esser
Engineer
Carpenter .
Watchman
Shoemaker
Time em-
ployed.
Rate per
7 mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
2} mos.
4 mos.
5 mos.
4 mos.
5 mos.
24 mos
I mos.
I mos.
1 mo.
5 mos.
2 mos.
64 mos.
3i mos.
l| mos.
5 mos.
6^nK)8.
l| mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
2| mos.
2| mos.
1 mo..
1 mo..
7 mos.
5 mos.
1} mos.
7 mos.
IHmos
2^ mos.
5 mos.
2| mos.
2 mos.
6 mos.
5 mos.
2 mos.
7 mos.
4 mo..
l| mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
7 mos.
7^A dyfl'
1100 00
83 33
33 83
80 00
30 00
80 00
30 00
30 00
80 00
30 00
30 00
30 00
22 00
22 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
16 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
10 00
40 00
40 00
85 00
♦2 50
Amount.
1700 00
233 31
233 31
79 00
120 00
150 00
120 00
150 00
71 00
10 00
20 00
80 00
110 00
44 00
102 25
57 50
22 50
80 00
102 25
22 75
112 00
112 00
46 00
34 00
16 00
12 00
84 00
60 00
14 00
84 00
20 80
29 84
60 00
33 36
24 00
60 00
60 00
24 00
84 00
6 05
14 00
84 00
70 00
280 00
280 00
245 00
421 75
•Per day.
40
So brief has been the period of our connection with the
" Home," that we are inclined to allow the length of this report
to correspond, preferring rather, that the appearance of the
institution and of its inmates should proclaim the merits or de-
merits of its present management.
Though the time has been short, it has been filled with hon-
est endeavor to place the " Home " upon a basis equal to that of
other charitable institutions of like character in the State.
It affords us great pleasure to state that the health of the
children during the seven months, generally speaking, has been
very good.
Through the summer, weeks passed without an inmate of the
sick room. In the spring time, however, there were several
cases of " Cerebro Spinal Meningitis," none of which, we are
happy to 'say, proved fatal, and in but one instance were the
faculties of the patient at all impaired by this dreadful disease.
That no more serious consequences resulted from its presence
among so many, is largely due to the indefatigable attention
and skillful treatment of our physician, Dr. A. J. Ward.
We would reverently acknowledge a kind Providence in
averting a calamity that threatened so much disaster among the
children.
At present, the schools are in a condition far more satisfactory
than when we took charge of the " Home." By a careful selec-
tion of teachers, and a watchful superintendency, we hope to
place our schools upon an equality with any public schools of
similar grade in the state. By its energy and deep interest,
the present corps of teachers promises good things in this direc-
tion. Our four schools correspond to first and second primary,
intermediate and grammar departments.
/ Our present teachers are:
Miss Ella Bradley, of grammar department.
Miss Maggie Mclntyre, of intermediate department.
Miss Maggie Gonklin, of first primary.
Miss Lavinia Thornton, of second primary.
The text books used are as last reported.
41
Miss Jennie Terry is our music teacher. In her department
there are sixteen pupils. Aside from her class duties, much of
her time is occupied with vocal exercises in the schools.
Some of our children show particular talent for music, and are
making corresponding progress in the art.
It is pleasing, and at the same time a matter of great en-
couragement to us in our work, to realize that the moral tone of
the children is daily becoming healthier.
That the standard of morality among them may continually
advance, is our constant and great care; and to this end, we
strive to improve every opportunity to impart a wholesome
lesson.
Our Sunday School continues under the efficient care of Hon.
LI. Breese, as its superintendent, who, with his associates, is
ever faithful to his charge.
With these kind Christian teachers, our Sunday School ser-
vice is no mere pastime; but an opportunity for heart- felt Chris-
tian work. Neither sunshine nor storm deters them from their
labor of love. They can be adequately rewarded by Him alone
in whose service they so cheerfully engage.
To the deep interest, on the part of Superintendent and
teachers, in the welfare of the children, is wholly due the life
of our Sunday School, to which we look with great interest for
the moral growth and Christian character of our little com-
munity.
Of Christ's soldiers in this field of usefulness, the following
are the names of veterans: — ^Hon. D. Worthington, D. H. Tul-
lis, E. Thompson, Mr. Cowles, J. H. D. Baker, B. E. Hutchin-
son, Mrs. S. F. Dean, Miss E. Pierce, Miss E. A Burdick, Miss
S. E. Nichols, Miss S. Prescott, Miss M. E. Snell, Mrs. H. F.
Hayward.
To many other friends we are deeply indebted for their kind
sympathies and words of encouragement.
The children are evidently happy in their home. In every
respect we endeavor to treat them as we would have our own
dealt with, striving to throw about them, as far as possible, such
influences as naturally cluster about the family fireside.
42
The older boys have cheerfully cultivated a garden of five or
aix acres, this season, and all have reaped the wholesome reward
of industry in the matter of fresh vegetables for the children's
table.
In respect to clothing, we aspire to neatness and cleanliness ;
but even these simple demands are very difficult to secure, par-
ticularly among the small children. The improved appearance
of the girls in this respect, is wholly attributable to their own
efforts. They have been encouraged to sew, by the promise of
better and more tastily arranged clothing, if made by their own
hands. Industrial habits, personal neatness, and a greater de-
gree of refinement are among the wholesome fruits of such a
course.
To enhance the comfort of the children, and render the library
more accessible for them, we have removed the library to what
was formerly built for a sewing room, and the room vacated by
such removal has become the sewing room. With a view to the
same end, such books as are commonly read by boys, have been
placed in the old office, which has been, with slight expense,
fitted for a boys' reading room. Here, too, all the papers re-
ceived by the Home are on file for the perusal of all. We trust
that this arrangement will increase the love for reading and pro-
duce a greater degree of general intelligence.
The play rooms have been rendered more cheerful and com-
fortable by the admission of more light, and the arranging of
stationary seats. By this agreeable change, with better warm-
ing facilities, these old dungeon-like rooms have become places
of no small attraction.
The highest class of the first school was duly examined at the
close of last term by Rev. J. B. Pradt, Assistant State Superin-
tendent, for admission to Normal School. In this examination,
72 in a scale of 100 was the standard of scholarship reached by
the class. Subsequently it was determined by you to retain
these children in the " Home" another year. The wisdom of
such a course becomes daily more apparent. While their schol-
arship is fair, their youthfulness is objectionable to their enter-
ing Normal school. The presence of the class in our schools
43
another year will aid in securing a better scholarship, and also
better fit the members of the class to receive the full benefit of
a course of normal training.
In accordance with your instructions, we have liberally fur-
nished the children at Whitewater with clothing, and in so doing
have consulted their tastes, and endeavored to gratify their
wishes. These scholars, I am happy to say, are acquitting them-
selves creditably. For their future progress and ultimate suc-
cess, we shall watch with deep interest; for our greatest reward
of labor in the Home, is to behold the prosperity of any that
may have in any degree been under our charge. The time we
trust is not distant, when the Home will receive to positions of
honor and responsibilty, those whom it has sent forth to be fur-
nished with such knowledge and understanding, as shall fit them
to become faithful and efficient laborers in the broad field of
Education.
How shall we employ the boys? is a question that is constantly
forced upon us. In our attempt to answer it, we increased the
force of boys in the shoe shop to eight. The cultivation of the
garden, already referred to, has been of great service in this
respect. We have also encouraged the boys to work for far-
mers in the vicinity, and in several cases have secured places
for them. Many of them spent their entire vacation at work,
and have earned, in the aggregate, $150. In matters of repairs
and improvements, we have endeavored to employ the boys
wherever they could be of any service. Notwithstanding this,
we urge the necessity of providing means for more tangible
employment.
To employ the girls is a matter of less difficulty. In the sev-
eral departments of the " Home," there is a great variety of
housework for ready and willing hands. Besides this, needle-
work occupies the girls much of the time.
44
The division of labor among the boys is approximately shown
by the following:
Number employed^in shoe shop 8
garden 6
stable 2
playroom 3
office 1
library 2
children's kitchen 3
family kitchen 1
dormitory 3
as monitors 6
wood carriers 10
with engineer 1
carpenter 2
47
All participate in general work. The boys have carried and
piled 440 cords of wood, and split and stored in wood shed one-
fourth of that amount.
The division of work in girls' department is as follows:
Number employed in sewing room 2
dormitories 11
children's dining room 12
family dining room 2
family kitchen 8
school house 9
play room 2
library 2
wash room 1
ironing room 2
private rooms 9
55
All that are able, share the general house cleaning.
We will simply call attention to items of repairs most worthy
of mention.
The chimney in the large dormitory, so long an eye-sore and
cause of alarm, has given place to one of better material and
larger capacity.
The top of the other in the same dormitory has been rebuilt,
making both safe and substantial structures.
In the school building, the walls of the chapel, music-rooms,
halls and stairway leading to them, have been carefully repaired
45
and kalsomined; the wood work has been painted, the furniture
renovated.
Every window throughout the building has been furnished
with inside blinds.
These matters conduce very much to the comfort and con-
venience of the children in school, and render the chapel in
appearance worthy of the institution.
With an appropriation much less than last year's, we find our
expenses, in matters of repairs for the corresponding time,
largely in the excess. As compared with the same period,
the pay-roll has been materially reduced. The receipts are
$16,306.14 ; of this $1,005.99 has been expended to discharge
former indebtedness ; $970.00 on account of repairs and im-
provements, and $13,531.06 on account of current expenses,
leaving on hand, $799.09. Average monthly expenses, including
all expenditures, $2,215.29.
We respectfully recommend that suitable provision be made
for thoroughly painting the " Home,'' another season, as a mat-
ter of economy and neatness.
Our gardening enterprise, in consequence of drouth, has not
succeeded as well as we had hoped ; yet the value of the pro-
ducts, at a very low estimate, will more than cover expenses.
In a disciplinary sense, it has been a profitable affair. In the
matter of garden, much more can be done another year.
The following figures show the amount of work done in shoe
shop since March 1st :
Number of pairs of shoes manufactured 164
Number of pairs of shoe uppers fitted 40
Number of pairs of half soles 862
Number of pairs of shoes patched 240
A low estimated value of the work done in the shop is $650.
We now have to buy very little ready-made work. With ad-
ditional shop room, we could quite meet the demands, without
increasing our pay roll.
46
The work in the sewing room since March 1st, consists of
girls' clothing, as
Best dresses made 187
Common dresses made 50
Night dresses made 84
Common aprons 100
Best aprons made by girls 90
Under suits of two pieces each 236
Hats trimmed 00
Of boys' clothing, as
Shirts made 108
Woolen coats made 1^
Cotton coats made 76
Woolen pants made 188
Cotton pants made 76
Suspenders ^ 150
In reference to the class in telegraphy, we have carried out
your instructions, by fitting up an office in the attic of the main
building, where are six instruments. The room is readily
reached by both back and front stairs, is easily warmed by
stove, well lighted and retired. The Home line is connected
with the main line at the city office, where is located our effi-
cient instructor, 0. E. Bross. The present class consists of
twelve pupils, selected from the older boys that are likely to be
the first to leave the Home. The teacher reports his pupils as
apt, and progressing finely.
Hon. Albert D. Wood, of Vallejo, California, will please ac-
cept our sincerely hearty thanks for his donation of the beauti-
ful chromo, representing one of the beatitudes, presented to the
children by Hon. Samuel D. Hastings.
Park & Co. also share our thanks for framing the same.
The editors of the following papers will please accept our
grateful acknowledgements for their many and oft-repeated
favors. Our State papers are ever welcome guests of the Home:
The Janesville Gazette.
The Fond du Lac Commonwealth.
Wisconsin State Journal.
The Janesville Times.
The Rock County Recorder.
47
The Kenosha Union.
The Racine Journal.
The Waukesha Freeman.
The Berlin Courant.
Badger State Banner.
The Western Farmer.
The Soldiers' Record.
The University Press.
The State Gazette.
The Burlington Standard.
The Weekly Rescue.
The Liberal Press.
■
The gentlemanly managers and conductors of the Milwaukee
and St. Paul, and the Chicago and Northwestern Railways, are
deserving of our warmest thanks for their many kind attentions
bestowed upon the children journeying to and from their homes.
We have but partially expended the last two hundred dollars
of the appropriation made by the legislature for library pur-
poses, and approved March 15, 1870.
The account stands thus:
Jan. 8
June 9
June 12
June 20
RECEIPTS.
Received of State Treasurer
EXFKJNDITUBES.
Paid West & Co., librarv books
Paid W. Huntington, " Uncivilized Races" .
Paid H. R Thompson, ''Bible Commentary*'
Total
Cash on hand
(200 00
140 34
6 00
2 00
$48 24
151 76
1200 00
As soon as our room is in order, we shall spend the the bal-
ance, which will very greatly add to the attractions of the read-
ing room.
48
WAJa> BEQUXST.
Of 80 much of this fund as was entrusted to us, the following
is the account. Vouchers and receipts for disbursements are on
file in this office :
May 27
Aug. 29
May 28
RECEIPTS.
Received of State Treasurer.
Received of State Treasurer,
Total
DISBURSEMENTS.
Paid Frank Blakesley, cash
Paid Woolen Mills, suit of clothes. .
Paid Frank Blakesley, pair of shirts
Paid Frank Blakesley, cash
$50 00
25 00
175 00
120 00
28 00
1 50
10 00
159 50
15 50
"When we consider the amount and variety of work to be ac-
complished to secure the grand object for which the institution
was founded, viz: to prepare these fatherless children in mind,
morals and manners, to become good citizens; and also reflect
upon the shortness of time for its accomplishment, our courage
almost fails us. But with your united support, with the faith-
ful co-operation of our associates, we are fully convinced that
greater and better results can be obtained in the future of the
" Home " than has crowned its past.
Up to this time we have succeeded in doing all office work.
Although the new system of accounts, recently introduced,
renders the work somewhat burdensome, yet we are inclined
to continue free of the care of a clerk.
In conclusion, permit me to say that a realizing sense of the
great importance of the work in hand, daily increases upon us.
Parental responsibility multiplied a thousand times, can scarcely
equal it. If ever there was a work for hands, head and heart,
it is here.
4d
And now, gentlemen, allow us to thank you most heartily for
the confidence you have reposed in us, and for the substantial
xnannef in which you have sustained us in our arduous, though
in very many respects, pleasant labors. You have proven your-
selves in every respect worthy of the high trust committed to
your care.
As a token of our appreciation of you as officers of the
Home, you will ever find us persevering in our endeavors to se-
cure the greatest good to the greatest number of those most
deeply concerned.
While we are permitted to work together in a cause so hu-
mane, let us invoke the blessing of Him who has always proved
himself a friend to the needy and a father to the fatherlesij.
Sincerely yours,
R. W. BURTON,
iSuperintendent.
4— Orph. Home. ^ (Doc. 10.)
50
FINANCIAL STATEMENT-
The receipts and expenditures of the Home, from March 1, to
September 30, 1872, inclusive, correspond with the following
statement :
1872
Mar. 1
Mar. 30
Apr. 2
May 4
June 1
June 11
July 6
July 20
Aug.92
Sept. 11
Sept. 30
RECEIPTS.
From State Treasurer
Sale of rags <
State Treasurer
State Treasurer ,
State Treasurer
Cancellation of fire insurance policy
State Treasurer
Sale of horse power ,
State Treasurer
State Treasurer
Total amount received <
DISBURSEMENTS.
To orders paid : Kos. 1 to 226 inclusive
Cash on hand
12,244 60
5 00
8,000 00
3,000 00
3,000 00
19 04
2,500 00
87 50
1,000 00
1,500 00
$16,306 14
$15,507 05
799 09
$16,806 14
LIST OF VOUCHERS.
The following sums have been paid on account of indebted-
ness, incurred previous to March 1. Vouchers filed with the
State Treasurer ; duplicates in this office.
Date.
No.
1872
Mar. 4
1
Mar. 4
2
Mar. 4
3
Mar. 4
4
Mar. 9
5
Mar. 11
6
Mar. 11
7
Mar. 14
8
Mar. 14
9
Mar. 14
10
Mar. 14
11
Mar. 14
12
To whom and for what paid.
Tolford & Nichols, meat
S. H. Cowles, bread
H. P. Hall, milk
H. P. Allen, sawing wood
Robbins ft Memhara, painting
Gas Company, gas ^ .'.
Am. Merchants' Union Ex. Co., freight.
Davenport & Co., sand
A. F. Waltzinger, candy
E. A. Jones, medicine
Sorenson & Frederickson, lumber
E. Sharp & Son, plastering
Amount.
$182 75
274 06
245 98
162 97
25 50
98 10
1 85
1 00
4 18
640
2 20
1 60
Total I $1,005 99
61
Xist of Vouchers — continued.
On account of expenses of the Home from March 1, to Sep-
tember 30, 1872, have paid the following sums, for which vouch-
ers are on file with the State Treasurer, duplicated in this
office.
Date.
1873
Mar. 12
Mar. 16
Mar. 18
Mar. 21
Mar. 21
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Mar. 80
Apr. 1
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr. 11
Apr. 11
Apr. 26
Apr. 26
Apr. 26
Apr. 27
Apr. 27
Apr. 27
Apr. 27
Apr. 27
Apr. 29
Apr. 80
M!ay 1
May 2
May 2
May 2
1
2
2
3
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
9
No.
18
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
28
24
25
26
27
28
29
80
81
82
88
84
85
86
87
88
89
40
41
42
48
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
To whom and for what ]>aid.
F. Hanson, flour and meal
Geo. R. Cook, silve-ware
Hon. LI. Breese, notarial commission.
E. W. Key«8, postage stamps
E. W. Keyes, P. O. rent
Am. Merchants Union Ex. Co., fi'eight,
Mrs. Green, extra service
Pay roll for March
H. P. Hall, milk
Tinware
Gas Company, gas
..do do
C. C. Bobbins, painting
M. Zwickey, soap
8. H. Cowles, bread, etc
Geo. F. Taylor, 'shoes, etc
Bunker & vroman, lumber
8. Thuringer^ butter and eggs
Tolford & Nichols, meat
J. H. D. Baker, sugar and eggs
W. H. Hamden, butter and eggs
8. Klauber & Co., dry goods
Geo. Heitenback, stone and teaming . .
Moseley & Bro., books and stationery.
Jno. N. Jones, hardware
Crist Commier, ham and eggs
8. C. Marks, work
Cook Brothers, leather and findings. .
Bobbins & Thornton, flour
Anna Adolf, eggs
Dunning & Sumner, glass, etc
Huntley & Wootton, groceries
H. C. Wilson, horse radish
E. A. Jones, medicines
G. W. Hersee, tunine pianos
Conklin & Gray, coal and salt
Mil. & St. Paul B. B. freight
R. W. Burton, sundries
Seifert & Lawton, printing
Am. M. U. Ex. Co., freight
Madison Woolen Mills, cloth
B. W. Burton, travelling expenses . . .
Mil. & St Paul, B. R freight
A. Findlay, sugar
Pay roll for April
H.P. Hall,mfik
J . B. Treat, butter
Gas Company, gas
..do do
Amonctt.
6 22
20 80
200
15 00
8 20
2 25
5 00
748 66
241 78
5 00
5 55
68 80
10 50
61 20
261 74
164 55
80 43
20 68
218 29
84 09
15 52
128 50
7 00
29 88
21 04
18 80
750
73 20
82 50
4 62
27 66
140 42
8 20
7 15
400
153 20
2 50
8 60
11 00
2 65
221 55
28 95
15 99
60 88
758 66
187 77
10 00
48 06
285
52
List qf Vouchers — continued.
1872.
May 8
May "
May
May
May
May
May
3
4
4
4
6
6
7
May 6
May 7
May 8
May 8
May 8
May 9
May 11
May 11
May 18
May 14
May 14
May 16
May 16
May 16
May 22
May 23
May 25
May 28
May 29
May 31
May 81
June
June
June
June
June
June
June 8
June 3
June 3
June 4
June
June
June
June
June
June
June 5
June 6
June 6
June 6
June 7
June 7
June 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
6
5
5
62 Regburn, Hunter & Co., lightning rods
63 Anna Adolf, eggs
64 Jas. Finney, potatoes
65 Bradford & Marean, dry goods
66 Smith, Roundy & Co., groceries
67 Gunther & Hansen, hats
68 8. Thuringer, eggs
69 Tolford & Nichols, meat
70 D. J. Bailey, brooms *
71 S. H. Cowles, bread
72 Madison City Mills, flour
73 Jerome Blitz, amusement
74 G. W. B. Whiting, ham and eggs
75 S. Klauber & Co., dry goods
76 Huntley & Wootton, groceries
77 Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, freight
78 Cook Bros., leather and findings
79 J. L. Davidson, butter
80 I West & Co., school books, etc
81 ; Tlios. Regan, plumbing
82 j Gunther & Hansen, straw hats
83 ' Gunther & Hansen, straw hats
84 C. Nelson, butter
85 J. L. Davidson, butter
86 1 S. Arthur, potatoes and eggs
87 Henry Switz, drayape
88 E. W: Keyes, P. O, drawer
89 Pay roll for May
90 Am. Mer. Union Express Co., freight
91 ' G. A. Patterson, boat
92 Chas. Hawkes, tailoring
93 ' H. H. Rand, quarter's rent for land
94 ' R. L. Garlick, crockery
95 I Sorenson & Frederickson, blinds for school h'se
96 M. E. Emerson, potatoes . . . .•
97 ' 8. H. Cowles, bread
98 ' Gas Company, gas
99 I Gas Company, gas
100 Tolford & Nichols, meat
101 Clark & Mills, medicine
102 Geo. Walbiesler, plowing
103 J. Tollotson, oat straw ;
104 S. Thuringer, eggs
105 A. Peterson, butter
106 C. Nelson, butter
107 Madison City Mills, flour
108 Dunning & Sumner, paints, etc
109 H. P. Hall, milk
110 A. T. Twing, Sunday School papers
111 Geo. Reitenback, work
112 Thos. Davenport, brick laying
113 8. Klauber & Co., dry goods
H7 50
4 07
7 80
831 82
516 88
90 01
82 26
161 79
6 00
220 67
82 60
85 00
• 1 96
843 78
105 48
3 15
120 83
2 76
198 14
38 78
21 00
14 29
5 90
4 77
7 10
2 00
3 85
781 16
6 22
45 00
84 60
25 00
2 85
218 28
11 70
264 65
35 25
300
217 02
37 88
8 50
11 75
21 60
8 12
488
74 60
62 30
160 65
9 37
6 60
82 24
128 69
53
Idst of FimcAer«— continued.
Dale.
' 1872.
June 10
June 10
June 10
June 18
June 13
June 18
June 18
June 14
June 17
June 19
June 22
June 22
June 22
June 25
June 25
June 25
June 25
June 25
June 25
June 25
June 26
June 28
June 29
June 29
June 29
1
1
1
2
2
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
July
yuly
5Sg
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July 10
July 10
July 11
July 12
July 12
July 13
July 18
July 15
Jvly 15
July 18
July 18
July 18
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
128
124
125
126
127
128
129
180
181
182
188
184
185
186
187
188
189
140
141
142
148
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
158
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
168
To whom and for what paid.
J. L. Ackley, painting
Thomas^ Swensen, fish
Stevens & Son, floTrers
C. Barte, cabbage plants
W. J. & F. Ellsworth, cheese, etc
J. D. Davidson, butter
S. Johnson, brooms
J. Voffel, boat rollers
A. F. Waltzinger, bats and balls
Conklin & Gray, coal
E. W. Key es, postage stamps
Geo. Whiting, but&r
S. S. Rockwood, entertainment
M. E. Emerson, butter
Huntley & Wootton, CTOceries
Vroman & Frank, hardware
Geo. R. Cook, silver ware
J. E, Fisher, ftimiture
C. Nelson, butter
J. L. Ackley, painting
R. W. Burton, childrens' railroad fare, etc
Pay roll for June
H. E. Emerson, butter
U. 8. Express Co., freight
R. W. Burton, cleaning and repairs
H. P. Hall, milk and vegetables
Tolford & Nichols, meat
S. H. De Parcq, whitewashing
Gas Company, gas
Gas Company, gas
G. W. B. Whiting, butter
J. L. Ackley, painting
S. H. Cowles, bread
John N. Jones, hardware
Cook Bros., leather and findings
8. Klauber & Co., dry goods
8. Thuringer, eggs
Moseley & Brottier, books and stationery
Anna Adolf, eggs
H. H. Rand, 2d and 8d quarters rent of land. . . .
J. H. D. Baker, garden seeds
J. E. Williams, garden plants
E. W. Keyes, P. O. box rent and postage
Chas. Hawks, tailoring v
C. Barte, cabbage plants
W. H. Hamden, berries and vegetables
Dunning & Sumner, paints, brushes, etc
M. E. Emerson, butter
R. W. Burton, childrens' railroad fare, extra la-
bor, etc
G. F. Taylor, shoes, etc
Amoimt.
$86 00
1 20
2 00
690
7 55
11 88
12 00
2 00
7 83
26 00
6 00
1 00
15 00
6 28
58 00
25 75
4 18
87 25
8 57
84 88
79 15
719 91
8 01
2 56
8 10
171 72
206 40
7 50
23 25
2 85
1 00
6 88
180 81
66 80
86 22
89 78
21 60
26 95
5 76
50 00
281^
8 45
4 34
11 60
1 25
16 54
62 26
8 67
66 95
59JB0
54
Iii9t of FbwcAer*— continued.
Date.
No.
1872
July 81
164
July 81
166
July 81
166
Aug. 1
167
Aug. 1
168
Aug. 1
169
Aug. 1
170
Aug. 1
171
Aug. 1
172
Aug. 2
178
Aug. 2
174
Aug. 8
175
Aug. 8
176
Aug. 5
177
Aug. 5
178
Aug. 7
179
Aug. 7
180
Aug. 15
181
Aug. 15
182
Aug. 15
188
Aug. 15
184
Aug. 17
185
Aug. 26
186
Aug. 29
187
Aug. 20
188
Aug. 80
189
Aug. 80
190
Aug. 80
191
Bept 2
192
Sept. 8
198
Sept. 8
194
Sept 8
195
Sept. 4
196
Sept. 5
197
Sept. 5
198
Sept. 6
199
Sept 7
200
Sept 7
201
Bept 7
202
Sept 7
208
Bept 7
204
Sept 7
205
Sept 7
206
Sept 10
207
Sept 10
^
Sept 18
209
Sept 18
210
Sept 18
211
Sept 18
212
Sept 18
218
Sept 18
214
Sept 18
215
Bept 16
216
To whom and for what paid.
U. S. Express Co., freight
Pay roll for July
Heim & Schulkamp, lime
H. P. Hall, milk
S. Thuringer, eggs
A. Conrao, whips, etc
R. Nichols, meat
Gas Co., gas . .
. . . .do
S.' Sharp & Son, repairs
Dunning & Sumner, butter
S. H. Cowles, bread
Bobbins & Thornton, flour
Geo. Wabbiser, teaming
C. Nelson, butter
D. Memhard, vegetables
. . . .do . . . .do
A. A. Pardee, whitewash brush
Huntley & Wootton, groceries
S. EHauber, dry goods
W. J. & P. Ellsworth, tea
Anna Adolf, eggs
H. C. Wilson, apples
R W. Burton, K. R. fare for children
U. 8. Ex. Co., express charges
Pay roll for August
M. Sweney, apples
Mil. &, St P. R. R., freight
B. H. Cowles, bread
R. Nichols, meat
Gas. Co., gas
.... do
Park & Co., stationery, etc
Jas. Finney, butter and chickens
R. EntwisUe, apples
M. E. Emerson, butter
E. W. Keyes, postage
G. W. Gilman, baskets
Tho. Swensen, barbering
H. P. Hall, milk
Clark & Mills, medicines
Elauber & Adler, dry goods
Huntley & Wootton, groceries
Smith, *Roundy& Co.... do
Atwood & Culver, printing
Geo. Eelbfleash, grapes
D. McDonald, butter, etc
J. N. Steams, 8. 8. papers
J. S. Webster, liquid slating
W. A. Oppel, vegetables
A. P. Waltzinger, flaffs, etc
Anna Adolf, eggs and oil
M. Sweney, butter and apples
AmoDiit
■ "
$1 00
698 66
1 20
189 22
10 80
1 70
119 47
15 15
1 50
61 63
27 51
71 24
71 75
3 00
8 96
18 06
28 77
4 25
57 86
81 50
26 15
2 60
18 25
15 75
60
531 46
5 25
3 55
79 04
130 68
16 05
1 50
7 75
10 17
5 18
8 50
9 00
90
5 00
151 86
19 75
81 95
169 60
liB 22
14 00
7 02
12 67
18 00
5 00
20 66
88 70
7 25
14 21
55
X/ist qf Vouchers. — continued.
D&te.
1872.
Sep. 17
Sep. 17
Sep. 21
Sep. 21
Sep. 21
Sep. 27
Sep. 27
Sep. 28
Sep. 80
Sep. 80
No.
217
218
219
220
221
222
224
226
226
To whom and Ibr wliat paid.
H. Whitfield, em
H. H. Rand, lanS rent
A. Halverson, onions
S. Arthur, eggs
Stone & Kreuz, straw hats
Jas. Finney, butter and chickens . . .
Mrs. Flvnn, potatoes
G. W. Hersee, tuning pianos
Payroll for SeptemlSsr
R. W. Burton, sundries
Total
Add amount of former indebtedness
Total
Amount.
10 85
15 00
7 88
2 91
7 00
13 80
8 75
400
780 18
12 40
$14,501 06
1,006 99
116,607 65
LAWS RELATING TO THE HOME.
CHAPTER 121. .
Section 1. Section one of chapter forty-nine of the general
laws of 1870, entitled " an act to provide for a course of instruc-
tion in the state normal schools for certain pupils of the Soldiers*
Orphans' Home,'' is hereby amended by adding thereto, as fol-
lows: ^^providedy that if the president of such normal school shall
designate annually a number (not exceeding three) of such pupils
who have been in attendance upon school two years, as manifest-
ing unusual excellence in scholarship, and peculiar talent and
qualifications for teaching, the board of trustees of the Soldiers'
Orphans' Home may continue such pupils in such normal school
until they have finished the course of instruction at such school.
CHAPTER 149.
Section 1. All children who are now or may hereafter be-
come inmates of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, shall become the
wards of the state.
Sbotion 2. The board of trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans'
Home shall, by virtue of their office as trustees, be the legal
guardians of all children of the home who now have no legal
guardian, and said board are authorized to receive all previous
back pay and bounties due or to become due to any child that
is now or may hereafter become an inmate of the home, and
shall invest the same upon good security, and hold it in trust for
the child or children to whom such money belongs. And such
trustees shall also from time to time, by and with the consent
of the governor, bind any child that is an inmate of the home,
for such time and for such purpose as such trustees shall deem
n
proper and shall appear to be for the best interest of the child
or children so bound respectively: provided^ that in case any
child, an inmate of said home, shall have a parent living, the
consent of the parent shall be first obtained, unless such parent
be insane or otherwise unfit to have the cdre, control and custody
of such child.
Section 3. It shall be the duty of said board of trustees to
ascertain the condition and circumstances of all the children
who now are or may hereafter become inmates of the home,
with a view, if deemed necessary for the best interests of such
children or any number of them, of providing them with suit-
able places, wHere they may be provided with the advantages
of a good home, and taught some trade or occupation, the bet-
ter to fit them for the duties of life; and said board shall keep
and exercise a close supervision over the interests of any and
every child during its minority, who may by virtue of this a€t
be bound out, to the end that the terms of the conpact may be
faithfully carried out and the interests of the child properly
cared for; and said board is hereby authorized to institute in-
quiries, visit the child or in any way by them deemed proper,
ascertain that this is done; and in case of neglect or unjust
treatment, they may remove any child and institute or cause to
be instituted, such legal proceedings as may be necessary to
recover damages, secure relief for any ill treatment received by
any such child so bound out, against the person in whose charge
such child has been placed.
Section 4. The said board of trustees are hereby authorized,
by and with the consent of the governor, to receive into the
Soldiers' Orphans' Home, the orphan child or children of any
soldier who served in the union armv in the late rebellion, which
child or children are now residents of this state, under the
same terms and regulations now in force relative to the admis-
sion of orphans of soldiers who enlisted from this state, and any
such child or children, when so admitted, shall be entitled to all
the advantages and benefits of the home in common with the
other inmates: provided^ however^ that no such child shall be
5 — Orph. Homb. (Doc. 10.)
«8
Bcbnitted to the home when such admissioii would exclude the
orphan child of a Wisconsin soldier.
Sectiok 5. The board of trustees shall receive no compen-
sation for their services, but all expenses necessarily incurred
by them in the performance of their duties, shall be paid out of
the state treasury on the warrant of the secretary of state.
Section 6. There is hereby appropriated out of any money
in the general fund not otherwise appropriated, a sum sufficient
to carry out the provisions of this act.
Section 7. Chapter 147 of the general laws of 1871, enti-
tled ^^ an act to secure a proper guardianship of children in the
Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and for other purposes," is hereby
repealed, together with all other acts or parts of acts which con-
flict with the provisions of this act.
Section 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from
and after its passage and publication.
DOCUMENT No. ii.
ANNUAL REPORT
OP THE
STATE PRISON COMMISSIONER
OF THE
STATE OF WISCONSIN
For the Fiscal Tear ending September 30, 1872.
Office of State Prison Commissioner,
Waupun, Wis., Sept. 30, 1872.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washburn,
Governor of Wisconsin:
Sir: — I have the honor to submit herewith my third annual
report as Commissioner of the Wisconsin State Prison.
There were present in the institution on the 30th of Septem-
ber, 1871, one hundred and ninety-one (191) convicts. Total
number present at this date, one hundred and eighty-six (186).
Total number received during the year, ninety- four (94). Num-
ber discharged, one hundred (100). Daily average, two hundred
and seven-eighths (200 J). Of those discharged, fifty-eight (58)
were on reduction of time ; on Governor's pardon to restore to
citizenship, twenty (20) ; on Governor's pardon before expi-
ration of sentence, thirteen (13) ; on President's pardon, two
(2) ; on expiration of sentence, two (2) ; order of Supreme
Court, one (1) ; escapes, two (2) ; deaths, two (2).
In the prosecution of the usual and necessary business of the
prison, and under full sanction of law, convicts are employed
outside the walls for the purpose of loading and unloading cars,
moving and piling lumber, etc.; none being so employed except
such as in the judgment of the officers can be safely trusted, and
having always an officer in charge.
Among those so employed were Charles Myres and David
High, the two prisoners who escaped, the former convicted of
the crime of burglary at the Crawford county circuit court,
November 29, 1870, and sentenced for a term of two years, and
the latter convicted of the crime of maiming at the Grant
county circuit court, Md,rch 22, 1872, and sentenced for a term
of one year. Both escaped at the same time, about 8 oVlock
on the morning of June 17th, by jumping from the wagon when
on their way to Chester station, at a point about one and a half
miles from the prison. There were with them, in the same
wagon several other convicts, and all in charge of Mr. W. H.
Shipman, a faithful and competent officer. No blame is properly
chargeable to Mr. Shipman. On the contrary, great credit is
due him for the coolness and judgment displayed in controlling
the other men under his charge, and bringing them safely back
to prison.
Immediately upon the return of Mr. Shipman the alarm was
given, and officers and citizens commenced a thorough search,
which was continued through that day and the following night,
but without avail. The thick foliage on the trees and bushes,
and the nearly full grown grass and grain afforded a perfect
cover both day and night, and conspired to render our search
fruitless. On account of the short time remaining of their sen-
tence, I deemed it best not to oifer a reward for their recapture,
preferring, in this instance, to rely upon such means as the cir-
culating of descriptive hand-bills, etc., among sheriffs in this
and adjoining States. Notwithstanding our efforts to recapture
them they are still at large.
One other attempt to escape came near being successful, in
fact was successful in the matter of getting away, to- wit: Jo-
seph Edwards, employed as chore boy in office, scaled the wall
on Sunday afternoon, and was absent until the following Thurs-
day, when he was recaptured by the Sheriff of Dodge county,
and is now here. In this case, I offered a reward of one hun-
dred dollars, and paid the same to said Sheriff upon his delivery
to me.
With these exceptions, the conduct of the prisoners has been
generally good. Cases of refractory conduct have been rare,
and of a trifling character. Solitary confinement and the dark
cell are the only means employed in punishing for disobedience,
and I am happy to state these are not frequently necessary. £!x-
perience confirms me in the opinion heretofore expressed, that
it is much easier to maintain good order and discipline under
the rule of kindness than by the use of harsh measures. Kind-
ness and obedience will ever be found marching hand in hand^
in the prison as well as the family circle. Men are not essen-
tially changed, the moment they are cast into prison. Putting-
on the prison garb does not necessarily shut out humanity.
Though fallen, they are yet men, and, so far as possible, should
be treated as men. The question of prison discipline and the
treatment of criminals before and after conviction has been very
widely and ably discussed, both in this country and in Europe,
during the last few years, but I have seen nothing in the pub-
lished reports of any convention or penal institution wherein
this subject has been stated more sensibly and clearly than in
the report of the inspectors of the Western State Penitentiary
of Pennsylvania, dated Dec. 31, 1871. They say:
" It can be no longer doubted that the treatment and control
of our criminal classes of various grades has become a vital
question with our whole country. What shall be done with
our convicts? is no longer merely a local question, agitating the
magistrates and legislators of great cities. He who now passes
by and shows a disposition to let ' crime cause and crime cure '
take their chances, does not do his whole duty as a citizen or a
guardian of the true interests of society and humanity. It will
not help the want of interest to talk and complain that the dan-
gerous class is growing in number, daring and successful effort.
It will not accomplish the end to say that the condition and sur-
roundings of the criminal should be made more punitive and
oppressive. Our penal code is severe enough. It is not the
severity and rigor of a crime sentence, but the certainty of it
that sways the deterrent sceptre. It is not to make the penal-
ties more onerous and degrading that future legislation can do
its most noble work.
^' If there was more discrimination in drawing the indict-
ments for the minor grades of criminal offenses; if there was
some method of securing an earnest and careful inquiry into
the circumstances before the case and the culprit are set before
the court, and if, besides this, there was granted some room for
judicial discretion under the light of all the circumstances, in-
stead of arbitrarily fixing a maximum and minimum limit by
which they are to be controlled, we have always thought that
much higher benefits could be made to accrue. The same degree
of guilt cannot attach to every man who is arraigned and con-
victed, even though the act be the same or similar. There are
external and internal conditions which may lessen or increase
the moral turpitude very materially."
I have in my mind a case that tends in some measure to illus-
trate this idea, and parties are now serving sentence in this
prison. Three persons were arrested for passing counterfeit
money, all for the first offense, and the amount alleged to have
been passed was one ten dollar bill. The case was chiefly man-
aged on the part of the prosecution by the detective who made
the arrest, and who seemed to be more solicitous to gain a rep-
utation as a successful detective, rather than that exact justice
should be done.
One of the three, (and I believe the most guilty) was induced
to make certain admissions, to be used in the trial as testimony
against his comrades. That done, the detective could very
plausibly advise the other two to plead guilty, and if they did
so plead, the judge would probably give them the lightest sen-
tence known to the law for such offenses. They concluded to
act upon the advice, plead guilty, and received a sentence at
the hands of the judge of seven years each, while the third one
stood trial and was acquitted.
Another prisoner received a one year sentence by the same
court that had sentenced him two or three time before^ and
when discharged a few days ago, it was for the fifth time from
this prison.
It would seem a wiser course to graduate the sentence some-
what by the number of crimes committed, as well as by the
magnitude of the offense for which the person may be on trial.
It not unfrequently happens that subsequent events disclose
that parties convicted of crime are more guilty or less guilty
than appeared upon the trial. I am not aware that any pro-
vision of law exists in any of the states for the shortening of a
crime sentence except by pardon, or for lengthening^ it except
by a new trial.
The indeterminate sentence is suggested as a remedy for the
many evils growing out of the present system, and is thought
by many wise and philanthrophic men to be the only true sys-
tem for governing and punishing the criminal classes. I think
it is the opinion of almost every person in charge of any of our
penal institutions, that some system might be devised whereby
more equal justice could be meted out to those unfortunate per-
sons who make up the population of our prisons.
Passing from this subject to matters more directly connected
with the institution under my charge, I have to say, that in good
order, discipline and obedience, no prison in the country excels
the Wisconsin state prison. The prisoners very soon learn, after
coming here, that good conduct will invariably secure to them
mild and humane treatment; hence a cheerful obedience to all
the rules of the institution is secured and maintained. The
absence of that downcast, dogged, dissatisfied look, so noticea-
ble to all strangers visiting here, may be attributed mainly, if
not wholly, to that cause.
The legislature, at its last session, appropriated the sum of
five hundred dollars, to be expended during the current year in
the purchase of books for a prison library, with an annual ap-
propriation of one hundred dollars thereafter. This is the first
appropriation of any importance that has ever been made to the
state prison for the purpose of establishing a library. Although
long delayed, yet it is one step in the right direction, and c
not fail in its good results to those intended to be benefited
by it, and I can assure you will be appreciated by all.
In pursuance of the action of the legislature, and deeming
myself instructed by such action, I early in June directed the
prison clerk, Capt. L. D. Hinkley, to correspond with a number
of publishing houses, east and west, requesting a catalogue of
publications, and the price at which they would furnish books.
This correspondence drew responses from a large number of
publishing houses, accompanied with catalogue and price list,
and gave us a large and varied list from which to make our selec-
tions, as well as to make favorable terms in the purchase. On
account of the time necessarily consumed by the correspondence,
and the delay on the part of publishers in furnishing books after
selections had been made and the order given, only a part of
the purchase has yet been received. I confidently expect the
order to be filled in the next thirty days, and the entire list
ready for inspection by the next legislative committee.
The prison chapel which has so long been allowed to remain
in an unfinished and dilapidated condition, is now fully com-
pleted and furnished, and is in all respects well suited to the
purpose for which it is intended. It is suggestive to the minds
of the convicts that the State, in its dealings with them, has in
view their present as well as their future welfare, and furnishes
another and a strong incentive to good conduct.
The State Board of Charities and Reform, in their annual re-
port of last year, dwell somewhat at length upon the affairs and
management of the state prison, and many things are therein
suggested that seem to demand more than a passing notice on
this occasion, and are well worthy of a careful consideration by
the legislature.
They regard the present manner of governing and managing
the state prison as radically wrong, and recommend a change of
the system now in force, in language as follows: '^ In view of
the facts and considerations presented us, we would recommend
an entire change in the system of government of the state
prison, so that the system shall be virtually the same as that in
other state institutions; the appointment of a board of trustees,
managers or inspectors by the Governor, whose term of office,
powers and duties shall be substantially the same as those of
the trustees and managers of other public institutions.''
The reasons for their conclusions are given at length, and I
will not recite them here, but would respectfully refer you to
the report above noticed, on pages 158 to 166 inclusive.
A similar recommendation was made by the visiting commit-
tee of the legislature at its last session. A bill was introduced
in the last general assembly, embodying substantially the views
of the board of charities and the legislative committee, and
intended to effect the change recommended, but for some cause,
was not considered except in committee. It seems to be appar-
ent that the conclusions arrived at by the board of charities on
this subject are being very generally accepted by the people of
the state, and that some change will sooner or later be adopted*
A change that will give more permanency to the management of
the institution, with the appointing power entirely uninfluenced
by political or local considerations, selecting appointees from
among the best business classes with direct reference for the
position, would doubtless be beneficial in its tendencies, at
least would be more satisfactory to the people, than the system
now in force. Such a change would have my hearty approval.
On the other hand, a change that would leave the inspectors
or managers subject to removal at the pleasure of the appoint*
ing power for political or local reasons, or to be appointed to fill
some political gap, could not be otherwise than disastrous to the
welfare of the institution and to the interests of the state.
It is charged by the Board of Charities and Reform, in the
report referred to, that I have exceeded the authority given by
law, in employing a greater number of officers than the law con-
templates or allows, and in paying, in several instances, more
wages than is authorized by law. My attention was called to
this matter some time in December last, by a letter from Hon.
S. D. Hastings, secretary of said board, to which I answered by
letter dated December 26, 1871, which letter appears in said re-
port, on page 163, and to which I respectfully refer.
The maximum of wages fixed by statute to certain employes
8
is, and for a long time has been, too low to secure competent
help. The Commissioner has therefore found it absolutely ne-
cessary for a number of years to pay certain mechanics and the
prison clerk somewhat in excess of the wages established by
law. This fact has been explained to the visiting committee
each year, and by them sanctioned and approved. Hence I did
not deem it important to call the attention of the legislature to the
matter in any former report. I am now paying in excess of the
amount fixed by statute, to the prison clerk, two hundred dollars
per annum, making his salary twelve hundred, instead of one thou-
sand dollars per year. To S. W. Cross, master mechanic; to E. D.
Bent, superintendent in paint shop, and to G. J. Heiderman, over-
seer and keeper in north room of chair shop, I am now paying each
fifty cents per day more than the maximum fixed by law, making
the wages of the two former three dollars, and of the latter two
dollars and fifty cents per day. With one exception, and that
for a short t\me only, these constitute the cases in which I have
not followed the strict letter of the law in this regard during the
past year. Permit me to state in this connection that I had no
motive except to promote the best interests of the state, and of
this institution, and I would respectfully ask that my acts may
be sanctioned by the legislature about to assemble, and that
such legislation be had as will authorize a continuance of the
practice in such cases as in the opinion of the commissioner may
be deemed absolutely necessary.
In regard to the number of men employed as officers, I can
only repeat what I said in my communication to the Board of
Charities above referred to. I can readily imagine that to those
who are entirely unused to prison discipline, it may seem un-
necessary to employ so large and expensive a force to govern
and manage two hundred prisoners. To keep them constantly
in their cells, it would not be necessary. But Vhen it is remem-
bered that by the terms of their sentence, as well as by every
consideration of humanity, these men are to be employed at
some kind of labor, as well as confined and guarded, I think the
mystery will be satisfactorily explained. The expense per cap-
ita for officers^ wages in keeping and guarding prisoners, will
9
necessarily be increased or diminished in the same proportion
as the prison population increases or diminishes in numbers.
The cost per capita of the prison population in this prison for
officers' wages, including commissioner's salary, is about one
hundred and eighteen dollars to each prisoner. The total cost
would be but little less if the number of prisoners was but one-
third the present average, and it would be but little more if the
prison population was increased three fold.
The financial result of the business for the current year has
not fully met my expectations. The total gain in the cabinet
and chair shop is 118,685.43, and in the other shops, |6,379.77;
value of labor done upon building extension and in repairs,
$2,302.26.
The principal source from which revenue is derived is from
the cabinet and chair shop. The small net gain from this depart-
ment may be accounted for in part by the fact that a loss of
$2,500 was sustained on account of damaged work that was
thrown back upon my hands, for which there was no remedy,
and which is properly chargeable to the business of the previous
year. Another cause was a deficiency of stock suitable for
some parts of the work; and the want of sufficient facilities for
drying after stock was obtained, served materially to lessen our
sales during the first six months of the current year.
With a full stock of all kinds of lumber on hand, and with the
increased facilities for drying furnished by the completion of the
shop building, no such deficiency will be likely to occur during the
coming year. I think it a safe estimate to fix the net earnings
for the ensuing year at $25,000. The indebtedness for the cur-
rent year is $20,733.72, and is accounted for by the increase of
stock on hand above the inventory of last year, the cost of fin-
ishing shop building and repairs above the estimates in my last
annual report, and by the loss above referred to.
Upon assuming the duties of this position, in January, 1870,
the question of disposing of the manufactured goods to the best
advantage, and at the same time not create an unhealthy com-
petition with other manufacturers of the state, early engaged
my attention.
10
Great complaint had been made prior to that time, by manu-
facturers and dealers, that the state prison commissioner, being
engaged in the same, or a similar kind of business, and employ-
ing a traveling agent upon the same territory with them, was
disastrous to their business, and forced upon them a competi-
tion that the manufacturers of other commodities did not have
to contend with. With a view to making some arrangement
whereby the product of the prison might be disposed of without
prejudice to others, I was, some time in February, 1870, invited
to meet at the city of Watertown, several gentlemen who were
largely engaged in the manufacture of chairs and furniture, at
different points in this state, and whose interests were said to
be unfavorably affected by the competition referred to. At this
meeting, the subject was fully discussed in all its bearings, and
I determined, if possible, to find a market outside of the state.
This I soon after succeeded in doing, and since that time nearly
all the chairs made in the prison shops have been shipped to
Messrs. Abemathy Bros., Leavenworth, Elansas.
The arrangement was somewhat an experiment with them as
well as myself, and to induce these parties to take hold of it,
extra inducements had to be offered. I am still satisfied the
arrangement was a good one, and, although the price obtained
for the goods has been below the average price obtained by
other manufacturers, yet it has furnished a steady market for
our entire product, and prompt payment for the same without
any trouble or expense for selling or collecting.
It is now no longer an experiment, it having been fully demon-
strated, that the goods can all be sold in the market selected,
and by the parties now handling them, and I confidently expect
to realize an advance of ten per cent, on the present price, after
the first of January next.
With the exception of the iron doors in the partition walls
and steam pipe for heating, the prison shop is now fully com-
pleted and ready for occupation. In point of convenience and
durability, it is not surpassed by any similar structure in the
northwest.
The necessary repairs upon the roofs of the prison buildings
11
proper have been quite extensive, and will, I think, protect and
preserve them for two or three years to come, but the time is
not very distant when nearly all the roofs of the older buildings
will need new covering and some other repairs.
The amount necessarily expended in completing the shop
building and for general repairs exceeds the estimate in my
last report in the sum of $3,104.06, and by that sum is in excess
of the appropriation made for that purpose. The amount neces-
sary to be appropriated for current expenses, officers' wages and
necessary repairs for the coming year will be $25,000.00. The
financial and statistical tables herewith presented are complete,
and give a full and accurate history of the affairs of the prison
in detail. These tables have been prepared with great care and
labor by the Prison Clerk, Capt. L. D. Hinkley, and I trust will
be carefully perused and considered by all who feel an interest
in the history and welfare of this institution.
I take pleasure in referring you to the accompanying report
of the prison chaplain, Rev. Henry Drew. He has been con-
stantly at his post of duty, and has had great influence for good
upon the minds of all those who have been placed especially
under his charge. I ask for it a careful perusal.
I desire also to call attention to the report of the prison phy-
sician. Dr. H. L. Butterfield, and especially to that part relating
to the insane convicts here. Most of these cases are probably
incurable, while some, with suitable treatment, could doubtless
be materially benefited, if not permanently cured.
The female department is in charge of Mrs. Martha Cliff, who
is discharging her duties to my entire satisfation. The number
of inmates in this department is seven.
To the deputy warden, Hon. B. H. Bettis, and to the prison
clerk, Capt. L. D. Hinkley, my most sincere thanks are due for
the faithfulness, efficiency and energy displayed in the perform-
ance of their varied and arduous duties.
A similar acknowledgement is also due to the subordinate
officers and guards as connected with me. All have performed
their respective duties with an apparent desire to promote the
12
hannonious working of the official machinery of the institution,
and the interests of the state.
In conclusioif, I tender my sincere thanks to the citizens of
Waupun and vicinity for the promptness with which they have
responded to every call for assistance to re-capture escaped
convicts.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GEO. F. WHEELER,
State Prison Commisioner.
FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL TABLES.
Part First.
FINANCIAL—
« A."— ACCOUNTS.
" B."— INVENTORY.
Part Second.
POPULATION STATISTICS.
FINANCIAL.
CASH ACCOUNT.
BECBIFT8.
Balance from 1871
From State Treasurer
United States for board of convicts
Chair and Cabinet shop
Shoe shop
Tailor shop
Blacksmith shop
Stone shop
Yard
Visitors
Outstanding accounts of 1869
Outstanding accounts of 1870
Outstanding accounts of 1871
Interest
Convicts on Deposit
Loan
Sundries
DISBUBSEMENTS.
Current Expenses —
Subsistence »
Hardware, stoves, kitchen and cell-room uten
sils and furniture
Tobacco
Lights
Wood
Clothing and tailor's shop stock
Merchandise, bedding, etc
Newspapers, printing, etc
Hospital stores
Postage and telegraphing
Revenue stimps
Traveling expenses
Mileage
Forage
Sundries
Machinery and tools
Stock, blacksmith shop
Stock, shoe shop
Stock, chair shop
Teaming for stone shop
Building account
$150 00
68. 093 47
1,601 28
40,670 81
406 25
144 15
148 27
2,571 00
199 49
480 75
92 75
824 20
5,389 55
17 18
275 50
1,700 00
286 12
$12, 637 88
452 57
250 74
390 29
3,385 79
2,303 25
295 60
367 55
143 04
233 99
23 05
113 60
394 25
824 78
61 60
2,098 55
466 20
265 50
26,082 44
9 36
10,904 38
$113,446 17
15
CorSh Account — continued.
Current Expenses-— continued.
Indebtedness for 1871
Loan
Interest
Discharged convicts
Convicts' deposit
Officers services
Arresting escaped convicts. .......
Exchange
Lawj'er*s collection fee
Burial lot
Cash on hand
124,528 e9
1,700 00
964 54
475 00
805 23
28,458 05
112 00
15 05
25 00
100 00
68 20
1118,446 17
16
« A."— ACCOUNTS.
DETAILED STATEMENT OF PURCHASES, PAYMENTS
AND INDEBTEDNESS.
SUBSISTENCE.
^eef
Butter
Beans
Beets
Chickens
Cabbages
Cranberries
Eggs
Flour
..do
..do
. .do. .graham, etc.. .
Ginger
Groceries (miscell's)
Hops
Indigo ,
Mutton ,
Mustard ,
Matclies
Onions
Potatoes
Pork
Pork
Peas, split
Pepper
Rice
Rice
Syrup
Salt
Sugar
Soap
Starch
Teas
Turnips ,
Vinegar
Yeast cake
Board, sick convicts
in hospital
Freight
Cartasres and pkgs.
Sundries
08,960 lbs.
5,050 lbs.
111} bu.
4 bu.
103i lbs.
208
2 gts.
10 cfoz
440 bis.
44 bis.
01 bis.
1,002 lbs.
44 lbs.
16 80 to 17 00
14 to 20
1 00 to 2 25
35
00
15
5 73
5 72
4 72
36i.
$2,840 30
251 68
420 52
42 32
101|lbs.
1 lb.
320 lbs.
2 lbs.
30 bxs
21 bu.
1,311 bu.
182 lbs.
16 bis.
706 lbs.
103 lbs.,
87 lbs.)
1,167 lbs.
801 gls.
22 bis.
22 lbs.
58 lbs.
4li lbs.
170 lbs.!
10 bu.l
830^ fr\S.
10^ doz
130w.8d.
25 to
50
05
86
40
35 to
1 00 ...
48 ...
00 ...
15 50 ...
04 ...
24 to
12
00^
55 to 62i
2 25 to 3 00
IH
07i
12ito 15
7(H
50
15 to 10
2*2
2 00
Amounts paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard
Balance unpaid
16,608 29
017 55
200 43
1 40
17 41
10 40
20
1 50
3,072 82
16 05
44 71
55 22
2 00
16 45
1 30
10 75
21 00
624 72
16 34
248 00
28 24
26 20
4 44
110 72
480 44
58 85
2 53
4 85
5 63
136 85
5 00
61 06
12 80
278 86
340 04
18 62
4 80
M3,556 87
^2,637 88
153 10
765 80
17
" A." — Statement of Pu rchasesj Payments^ etc. — con.
HARDWARE, STOVES, KITCHEN AND CELL-ROOM TOOLS,
UTENSILS, ETC.
Axes
Ash pails
Broom
Broom brushes
Baskets
Brushes, W. W
. .do. . . .scrub
. .do. . . .horse
. .do. . . .shayiug
..do.... dust
..do.... clothes
Butter tubs
Boxes
Bath brick
Basins
Cups
Copper boiler
..do... heater
. .do. . .washbasins . . . .
. .do. . .water traps . . . .
Combs
Carpet sweeper
Coffee mill
Coffee pots
Chain
Curry combs
Cake tins
Corks, clothes pins, etc
Dish pans
Drip pans....
Dusters
Egg beater
Eyelets
Filter
Faucets
Hoes
Hone
J115
Knives and forks
..do do
Kerosene tank
. .do cans
Kettle
Kettle ears
Key blank
Lanterns
Lantern globes
Lamps
Lamp chandelier
Lamp trimmer
Ladle
Molasses gates
Manure fork. .
M . • • .
4 ....
28 doz.
2idoz.
8 ....
o . • • .
15 ...
6 . . . .
10 ....
1 ....
1 ....
o . . . .
6 . • . .
2 ....
74 . . . .
201 ....
8 ....
1 ....
3
8
5
1
1
2
0
8
18
II 12Kc....
2 00 to 2 25
3 20
1 15
75
50
doz.
doz.
lbs,
4
2
8
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
2
1 25 to 1 88
box
doz
2
1
152
1
8 ...
8 ...
6 ...
2 ligU
8
1
2 00
12 25
5 45
58 50
5
4
75
70
25 65
7
5
1
20
75
40
75
50
6 00
8 00
23
18 50
41 97
82 50
900
20 40
8 75
688
4 60
1 25
1 25
1 85
205
1 55
8 62
9 50
85
6 90
1 00
250
1 25
87
1 65
8 50
25
10 06
1 10
8 00
1 00
1 00
5 82
25
840
95
6 57
6 00
50
75
6 05
1 25
2— St. Peis.
(Doc 11.)
18
" A.'. — Statement qf JPur chases^ Pyments^ €^c.— continued.
Hardmare^ Stoveg and {Tifwitfl*— continaed.
Mop sticks
Pails
Pails, tin
Pans fdust)
Pans, iron
Padlock
Rope
Bope, sash
Bazors
Repairing tin ware.
Bakes
J
4 ....
4)ti doz
4 . . . •
1 ....
2 ....
1 ....
22
4
8
lbs.
lbs.
Bepairing stove drums (cell room)
Stoves, (Dictator)
Stoves, (sheet iron)
Stove zinc and board
Stove pipe
Stove pipe
Stove pipe and elbows
Stove blacking
Stove and pipe
Scythes and snaths
Scythe stone
Spectacles
Spectacles, goggles
Shears
Shovel
Shovel scoop
Spade
Spade fork
Spittoons
Sprinklers
Selves
Spoons . . . .
Spring balance ;
Steel yard
Strainer
Slop pail and tub
Snaps, (harness)
Tea pots
Tunnels'. ,,.',
Thimbles
Wringers (clothes)
Wire cloth
Wire
Water pots
Water pots repairs
Amount paid per cash account.
Settled by sale from shop
Balance unpaid
1
1
1
1.
3
65
31
lbs.
lbs.
3
1
2
doz
pair
pair
pair
30
0
1
1
1 ...
1 ...
1 ...
3 ...
3 ...
3 ...
5}^ doz
1 !!!
1 ...
II 15
80
90
25
2 25
2
2
1
2
doz
71^ lbs.
2 ...
11 00
12 85
460
45
650
20
660
250
3 50
3 95
1 15
15 80
15 00
10 00
5 17
5
2
61
77
98
4 59
39 75
450
10
19 50
1 50
65
1 75
1 75
1 75
1 50
1 80
2 50
1 05
540
300
65
75
3 50
200
2 95
38
70
17 75
86
94
6 00
35
1587 17
1452 57
22 50
112 10
19
"A." — Seatement of Purchases^ PaymerUs^ etc, — continued.
TOBACCO.
Plug.
Snuff.
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales
Balance unpaid
l,2d4Mlb8
1 &
9;^&s
1 00
f715 97
50
0 25
1725 72
¥250 74
474*98
LIGHTS.
Wicks . . .
Chimneys
Burners . .
Kerosene.
. . • do .
. .. .do .. .
. . . .do . . .
....do ...
Lamps
t
8
25
7
47
61J
476
478
475J
eross
aoz .
doz .
gals,
gals,
gals,
gals,
gals.
fl
Amount paid per cash account.
Balance unpaid
80
23
22
116 45
18 45
109 48
105 16
102 24
|6 0e
81 70
11 ^
861 78:
5 5&
1406 47
1890 2»
16 IS
WOOD.
Maple . . . .
Oak
Basswood
Mixed....
804^T<^ds.
406 cds.
102^ cds.
tm% cdfl.
|4 85to5 00
8 92
2 68
8 82
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard.
Balance unpaid
11,828 17
1,594 14
270 41
864 07
18,556 79
18,885 79
111 04
59 96
20
" A." — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ €^c.— continued.
CLOTHING AND STOCK FOR TAILOR SHOP.
Batting (cotton) . . . .
Buckles
Battons
Beeswax
Cloths, gray
Cloths, Scotch cass
Cloths, striped cass
Cloths, cassimere . ,
Canyas
Cambric
Coat lining
Crayons
Denims
Flannel
Hickory
Hats
Hats, straw
Haircloth
Needles
Oil (machine)
Sheep skins (mittens). .
Sheeting
Socks
Sewing silk
Silesia
Satteen
Ticking
Tape
Thread, cotton
Thread, linen
Thread, linen
Twist
Underclothes —
Drawers and wrappers
Drawers and wrappers
Velvet collars
Waterproof
Wiggans
Wadding
Yarn, woolen
Yarn, woolen
Yam, woolen
Sundries
67 lbs...
3 gross .
52J^ gross .
,4971^
193 jsf
137
20
;^
yards.
yards .
yards,
yards
yards
yards,
yards.
25K
162 yards.
105 J^ yards.
684>^ yards.
5y^2 dozen.
2 dozen.
3 yards .
4885^
108 J^
2
95M
9
1084
2
4
dozen
yards,
dozen,
spools,
yards,
yards .
yards .
balls .
dozen,
dozen,
lbs...
spools.
1 20
1 25
1 50
1 33
30
20 to 25
29
17 to 21
9 03
2 60
6 50to7 00
14 to 16
1 75to2 00
17 to 20
30
14 dozen.
4t}^ dozen.
3
5 yards .
49 yards .
10 sheets.
50 lbs . . .
50 lbs . . .
50 lbs . . .
70 to 80
7j to 87
8 00
8 76
1 00
16 to 20
05
1 05
1 15
1 10
Amount paid, per cash account
Settled by sides from shops and yard
Balance unpaid
117 32
2 65
10 47
1 05
1,796 70
241 56
37 87
184 17
1 22
21
6 00
50
37 10
30 65
135 98
48 90
5 00
2 32
12 57
1 55
24 25
72 41
41 24
6 15
20 17
1 20
28 73
40
79 28
11 18
4 15
4 80
112 00
38 00
3 00
6 30
8 20
50
52 50
57 50
55 00
47 29
$3,247 94
12. 303 26
477 61
467 08
21
"A" — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ etc, — continued.
MERCHANDISE.
Blankets
Blankets
Bed spreads
Binding
Crash, (towel ing) ,
Counterpanes ...
Flannel ,
{
Gloves
Gingham
Hooks and eyes
Muslin
.Prints
Poplin
Rubbers
Sheeting ,
Scarfs
Ticking
Cartages and sundries.
6i prs white, 60| lbs.
75 prs gray, 484^ lbs.
6
844 yds.
1 at..
1 at..
7 yds.
8 prs.
11 prs.
4iyds.
10 yds.
20 yds.
5 yds.
8 prs.
818 prs.
5
494 yds.
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard.
Balance unpaid
II 25.
1 20.
8 75.
l4tol8i
5 75
8 75
1 85
2 00
50
18
16.
9itol4t
16 to 80
110 94
581 40
28 50
70
59 77
9 50
9 46
11 68
77
12
80
50
80
3 40
44 74
2 10
119 66
18 66
1
2
$900 85
$295 60
6 52
598 28
NEWSPAPERS, PRINTING, ETC.
Newspapers ,
Printing and advertising
Printing views of prison
Binding for library
Paper
Slate pencils
Geography
Ink
Stamp ribbon
Amount paid per cash account
Balance unpaid
$98 00
220 60
38 00
14 30
5 15
1 50
1 50
80
1 00
$870 75
$867 55
8 20
22
"A.*' — Statement qf Purchases^ Payments^ etc. — continued.
HOSPITAL ACCOUNT.
Drugs and medicines
Other hospital supplies
Total
Amount paid per cash account
Balance unpaia
1165 69
16 59
1182 28
1143 04
89 24
MISCELLANEOUS.
Postage and telegraphing
Revenue stamps
Trayeling expenses —
To Cincinnati, Ohio
To Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
To Madison, Wisconsin . . .
To Tiffin, Ohio
To Milwaukee, Wisconsin . ,
To Portage, Wisconsin ......
150 00
1 00
12 25
81 50
6 75
12 10
Commissioner's credits — ^mileage and expenses
Teaming
Library ,
Teaming settled by sales.
Library balance unpaid. ,
Total Am'tB.
$233 99
28 05
AmHPikld.
$283 99
24 05
1394 25
500 00
284 45
1118 60
$394 25
$500 00
284 45
23
"A." — Statement qf Purchases^ PaymentSy etc. — continued.
FORAGE.
Bran
1,000 pounds.
1,880 pounds.
723 bushels
2,580 pounds.
12^ton8....
^}i tons
043 bushels
13 weeks . .
$0 08 ...
01 ...
41 vW...
$8 00
18 80
Bran
$21 80
801 55
Com
Feed
Oik...
29 20
Hay
WA^g ...
6 00 ...
7 12}^...
82 to 87}^.
75 55
240 42
•*^*"j .............
Hay
**'v
815 07
824 52
Oats
Pasturing one cow
Straw
7 80
8 loads . . .
1 59
2 50
Straw
14 loads . . .
1 dftv tAam xrnrlc .
47 75
8 00
A Threshinir oats . . .
$1,051 09
Amount paid per c
flfitt.lftd hv flftlftfl froi
ash account .^.
$824 78
m flhnna sltxA vard . .
•
114 82
Bl|||^n^*r6 unpaid .....*. .T«.,t..tT..tt.rr--tT--Tt-Ttr--t«rT-'
111 49
NOTE.
Of the above amount there was sold to
CfOmmissioner
Straw used for bedding, ten loads at $2.50
Balance fed to stock on account of state
as below
Com for hops, 728 bushels
Ground feed for hogs, 2,580 pounds
Hay, oats, etc., for horses and cow. .
$250 00
25 00
$275 00
$801 55
29 20
445 84
$776 09
$776 09
24
"A." — Statement of Pur chases^ Payments^ etc. — continued.
CURRENT EXPENSE SUNDRIES.
Ammunition
Clock repairs
Combs
Crockery — ewer, basin, etc
castor, tumblers, etc<
bowl
plates, tea cups, etc .
Eyelets
Harness rep
Harness oil
Pails
Repairing revolvers
Seeds
Seed potatoes
Spectacles, etc
Amount paid per cash account.
2 doz
2 doz
$2 15
2 30
2 00
8 00
1 75
50
2 58
2 50
7 19
1 40
6 28
5 50
15 92
7 50
1 08
$61 60
161 60
25
" A." — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ etc, — continued.
MACHINERY, TOOLS, ETC.
Belting, rubber A% inch
..do 1% inch
Leather 4 inch
. .do. . double. 3)^ inch
. .do 3 inch
..do 2 inch
Bitts, machine % inch
..do ^ inch
. .do % inch
Small
Brad awls
Belt hooks ,
Babbitt metal
Crimp machine, shoe
Clamps
Copper
Crucibles
Chisels, soc. firmers
Emery wheels, 9y4x%4.
do 9%x9i.
do lOJ^xJl.
do lOJix^.
do 10}|x%.
26 ft.
50 ft.
50 ft.
476 ft.
68 ft.
J^doz
1 doz
2 doz
74 doz
10 pap
88A lbs.
2
12U lbs.
6
sett
Files, assorted
Grindstones
Grinding machine. . .
Glue kettles, copper.
do
do
Gouges
Hostt ,
Hand axe ,
Hammers ,
Hollow auger
Knives
Shoe
Lathe, 18>^ inch.
.. .do.. .10^ inch.
...do... 18^ inch,
...do... 11^ inch.
Lace leather, for belts
Mandrils, stretcher machine
Needles
Oil stones, Ouichita
do
Oil cans
Oil tanks
Oil gate
Oilers
. . . .do
Planer knives
lbs.
1
2
1
2
2
1
221
288
1
8
1
1
6
10 ft.
1
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
l}i lbs.
50 lbs.
0
2
1
2
0
1 sett
10 42
12
46
80
24
1 50
75
8 75
4 11
4 00
8 00
51
10 00
1 85)
1 20^
15 00
38)^
(6 93
8 12
28 00
40 00
151 01
16 82
flO 00
9 24
21 00
19 73
$7 50
5 15
8 22
9 80
5 65
9 00
85
1 00
141 62
43 59
41 84
25 03
$240 88
59 97
53
14 86
13 55
26 00
8 00
9 18
6 45
7 50
36 82
62 08
5 86
15 00
10 35
2 50
5 10
1
4
1
1
50
10
25
10
25
151 58
36 35
20 00
10
61 85
6 70
80 00
75
. 50
800
7 00
26
" A." — Statement of Purchcises^ Payments^ etc, — con.
Machinery^ Tools, «fc.— contintied.
Pamp column
Pump (iron)
Pomp (tin)
Pnmp (force)
Pulley
Paintmill
Pipe vise
Pipe^taps and dies, |, i, f , 1, 1} li, 2. .
Pipe stocks
Less discount
Pipe wrenches
Pipe cutters (Standwood)
Packing lead
Packing rubber
Packing soapstone
Pipe and valves
Planes
Plane irons
Putty knives
Re^aiTS —
Boiler
New cross head for engine
Hammering saws
Pump, bail
Of iron pump
Of mach'y per bill Filer & Stowell.
. . . .do. do . .P. D. Whitney
. . . .do do . .M. J. Althouse
do do ..W. Oliver
Rules, (2 feet) 24
Saws (circular)' 30 inch
Saws (circular) 80 inch
Saws (circular) 18 inch
Saws, web
Shoe tools, awls
Shoe tools, knives
Shoe tools, counter-float
Shoe tools, heel shave
Shaper
Sewmg machine
Shaves
Spoke shave
Screw (bench)
Strainer (paint)
Tape lines
Varnish cup
Peg wheel
Freights
IMdoz.
1 ....
1 ....
1 ....
1 ....
7 50
S^lbs .
.375^1b8 .
2
1
8
lbs
5
4
10
12«
56
80
40
1 ....
1 ....
1 ....
8>idoz.
1
1
5
1
1
2
3 40
80 and 75
15 00
40 60
17 25
$72 85
3 40
1
14 80
15 75
}
150 00
55 00
250
112 50
25
23 50
69 45
17 00
32 78
4 06
21 21
5 00
25
86 10
5
2
2
88
20
83
56 00
»4 97
5 35
1 50
11 00
464 34
92 71
140 40
6 78
12 70
30 55
5 00
28 95
2 75
90
2 25
85
325 00
70 00
6 70
75
1 50
50
1 55
25
35
12 05
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard.
Balance unpaid
2,709 82
$2,098 55
' 116 60
404 77
■as
aai
27
" A." — Statement of Purchases^ Paymenta^ etc, — continued.
STOCK FOR BLACKSMITH SHOP.
Axles, (iron)
Axles, clips
Bolts and nuts
Borax
Bolster plates
Buggy circle
Coal (bituminous)
Cbarcoal
Copper
Iron
Nails, (horse shoe.
Riyets
Steel
Steel, springs
Sleigh shoes
Skeins, (wagons). . <
Washers
Whippletree hooks.
Horseshoeing
m sett
875
0 lbs . .
5
1
5)^ tons.
30 bu . .
2)4 lbs . .
4,311M lbs . .
2031 lbs . .
low lbs . .
451}^ lbs . .
71 ij lbs . .
8 setts.
8 setts.
1 lb...
8 setts.
49 Ji
75
■ J.
18 00
20
74
81
26
20@25
22
8 25
$4to5 00
Amount paid per cash account
Balance unpaid
Ill
2
76
24
15 52
445
8 75
2 50
71 60
6 00
1 26
819 18
9 16
5 40
112 68
16 68
9 75
14 00
80
65
75
1
8
1610 45
466 20
144 26
STOCK FOR STONE SHOP.
Teaming, $250 00
Amount paid per cash account 9 86
Settled by sales from shops and yard 240 64
28
" A *' — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ etc. — continued.
STOCK FOR SHOE SHOP.
Awls
Bristles
Boots
Eyelets
Lasts
Leather, Sole, oak
Sole
Upper
French kip . . ,
American kip .
French calf . . .
American calf.
American calf.
Morocco
Russet calf....
Roans
Linings
Pink and bark.
(Lace)
Measure straps
Nails
Nails, shoe
Oil.;
Oil, neatsfoot
Over shoes
Pegs ^
Rasps
Shoes
Silk
Thread
Thread
Tacks (lasting)
Wax
Webbing.
Sundries
4,^ gross
H gross
1 pair .
4 bxs . .
6 pair .
106 J^ lbs . .
8853i lbs . .
312 ft
16Ji lbs . .
87M lbs . .
41)? lbs . .
ri% lbs . .
83^ lbs . .
%% doz. .
1 doz..
IK doz. .
11
1
2
2
14
48
doz.
pap.
lbs .
IJ^gal..
10
5
54
2
1
1
8
26
1
gal.,
pair
qts .
pair .
spool .
fbs ..
balls,
gross
33 to
25 to
1
1
50
44
34
26
60
001
2 20to 2 30
1 35
1 30
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard,
Balance unpaid ,
11
2 00
1 35
•I
45
15 10
2 50
3 50
85
3 00
48 86
296 14
79 98
26 00
87 83
92 71
23 62
108 39
27 50
28 50
19 00
8 50
8 75
5 50
20
1 35
5 28
2 50
13 50
11 50
3 08
90
50
35
05
3 70
25
1 36
1 25
28 68
2
1
4
1955 68
265 50
9 50
680 68
-_ — tea
29
" A," — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ etc, — continued.
STOCK FOR CHAIR AND CABINET SHOP.
Lumber —
Bolts — ^maplc and elm. . .
Plank do
Basswood
Butternut
Oak
Cherry
Black walnut
Pine
Paints, oils, varnish, etc —
Asphaltum
Alcohol
Benzine
Benzine
Brushes — paint
...do varnish
. . .do sash
. . .do camel hair
. . .do striping pencils
...do various
Chrome yellow . .
Chamois skins...
Dutch metal
Glue
Japan (turp)
Japan (benzine) .
Lampblack
. . .do
Lead (white)
Lead (red)
Logwood
Ochre (yellow) . .
Oil—lard
Oil — fine en
Oil — linsee
Puttjr
Pamice stone... .
Prussian blue
Paris green
Paint (oak)
Pyrol igneous acid
Rose pink
Sponges
Spts. turpentine..
Varnish— No. 1, furniture
...do do
. . .do flowing
. . .do do
...do shellac .... .. .
. . .do shellac, im. . . .
...do union
...do barrels
^
me
504,828
640,080
6,720
8,117
615
14. 817
83,620
c's
eet
feet
feet
feet
feet
feet
feet
55 gals
23^gals
285^gals
l,427)igals
5 doz
5^doz
25^ doz
$4 00to 18 00..
14 87
1194
2240
12 31
15 26
45 00
11 02J^
1 10
25 ...
18 ...
18 00 to 18 25.
12 00 to 22 50.
225
(
25 lbs
8
10 pks
6,115 lbs
642 gals
1,065 gals
657 lbs
8 lbs
1,400 lbs
30 lbs
772 lbs
4,090 lbs
222i^gals
402 gals
470 gals
654Mlbs
27 lbs
1 bbl
1,702 lbs
671Ji^gals
1,020 gals
04 gals
144 gals
1 gal
45J^gals
25 gals
25 gals
83 ..
75 ..
2 00
10 to
1 15A ..
75 to
OJi ..
m}4 ..
13 00 ..
16
2Kto
5 ..
80 to
60 to
02 to
^% ..
16M ..
83.
85.
3.
00.
00.
05.
14Ji
68 to
1 25
1 30
2 75
1 05.
8 75
1 40
1 00
$4,016 08
7. 528 62
7,650 47
151 12
88 37
0 80
666 77
401 01
60 50
6 25
328 35
80 25
80 85
6 63
6 37
5 67
10 77
8 24
6 00
20 00
1,540 08
744 07
823 66
62 41
1 13
182 00
483
21 88
251 77
102 68
280 08
437 80
30 47
445
8 40
3 30
37
14 50
246 47
32 47
521 35
1,286 25
122 20
806 00
8 38
170 63
35 00
25 00
65 00
/
30
"A." — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ 6<c.— continued.
Stock Chair 5A<jf>— continued.
Paints, etc.— continued.
YennilUon, Eng. an d A . .
....do Chinese
Whiting
. . . .do
Whiting
Wood filling
Yellow — brandon
Gane and cane work —
Cane — ^rattan
Cane work at Ind. 8ch*l . . .
Upholstery —
binding— mattrass
Buttons
Cambric
Carpet
Carpet — ^Brussels
Enameled
Gimp
Hair— curled
Hair
Hair cloth
Moss
Nails — ^porcelain heads
Plush
Reps
Spring
Sheeting
Sheeting
Ticking
Tow
Velveteen
Webbing
Webbing, four inch
Chair Hardware —
Brads and clout nails
Butts
Bolts— flush
Casters
Emery
Emery stone
Escutcheons
Hat-tree pans
Locks — various
Nails
Nails
Nails — shoe
Screws
Tacks
Wire cloth
Sundries —
Bedsteads
Cutages and packages. . . .
Chalk
18 lbs
^K
3
688 lbs
40 lbs
2 qts ..
4 gals . .
,000 tt>s...
8,050 m
t^
N 75 .
2%.
57 less dis.
5 gross.
4 gross.
46 yards.
7 yards .
82 yards.
86 yards .
4 gross.
445 lbs...
10 yards .
25 yards .
255 &s...
2 m
6^yards .
120 yards .
600 fi>s..
7d3i^yards .
73}»|yards .
115)|yards .
712 tt>s...
14 yards .
26 pieces
6 pieces
159 paps
176 pairs
2{ doz .
128 setts.
gross.
6
12
49} doz . .
7 kegs .
68 fts...
14 tt>s. . .
439 gross.
17X3oz . .
4 yards
20
1
1
2
1
25 to 40...
10
33
40
40i
31
50 to 65...
95
25
1^
g 27
1 25 to 2 60..
12 tol2Ji ..
10 \
4 to 4>i..
80 to 85. . ?
2 00 f
8 25
$8 88
2 51
17 20
1 60
1 00
19 00
75 00
1,G70 53
1,160 20
7 12
1 30
4 60
84 25
14 70
21 25
277 26
60 75
38 88
3 00
21 25
239 00
74 00
15 77
28 80
30 90
19 54
33 10
16 77
22 40
8 71
36 30
20
1 40
3 60
00
75
7
121
44 75
5 85
2 07
409 41
15 28
8 25
65 00
72 88
80
31
"A** — Statement of Purchases^ Payments^ etc, — continued.
Stock Chair >9A<>p— continued.
Sundries--con.
Diamond — glazier's. . .
Glass
Drop handles
Lumber for wagons. . .
Marble tops
Mirror plates
Needles — upholsterer's
Pencils— caipenter*8 . .
Paper pattern
Paper (wrapping)
Rosin
Sand paper, 7 rolls
Sand paper
Sand
Sand moulding
Screw eyes, etc
Twine
Reftinded on ftir. ret'd.
Freight
Teaming
98 lights,
1 doz . .
26
8 gross,
1 roll .
1,884 lbs...,
78i lbs. . . .
850 yds...
87i rms. . .
1,226 lbs....
1,572^ lbs...
»11A
8 to 15
5 50 to 6 75
4 85 to 4 75
4
22
Amount paid per cash account
Settled by sales from shops and yard.
Balance unpaid
17 00
84 13
8 00
82 91
254 46
92 50
87
17 19
18 20
156 28
10 67
45 00
889 99
49 04
1
1
348 82
10 00
4.434 08
1,489 86
25
95
HO, 788 95
126, 082 44
440 54
14,260 97
32
" A." — StatemoU of Purchases^ Payments^ €tc, — coi^inued.
BUILDING ACCOUNT.
Blinds
Blinds (chapel)
Bolts (chain)
Blasting powder
Brimstone
Copper
Furnishing —
Clocks
Carpets, matron*s room. . . .
Carpets, chapel
Carpet, pulpit stair
Curtains and fixtures
Oil cloth and binding. . . .
Mosquito net
Willow chairs, etc., from In
dustrial school
Glass
Glass
Hinges
Hair (plastering
Iron roof, complete
Iron chimney
Knobs
Lime
Lime •
Lime (water)
Lead (white)
Lumber —
Clear
Timber
Joist and scantling
Ceiling (matched and bead)
Flooring
Boards
Fencing
Lath '.
Locks
Lat«:hes
Lead
Mason's lines
Nails
Nails
Putty
Services —
Superintendent, season of
'71, 129 days, and part of
y'r covered by this report
One officer and mechanic. .
Steam pipe and fittings. . . .
8 setts
4 setts
3
25}4 lbs.
46 lbs.
23 lbs.
25% yds
25 yds.
3>^ yds.
6J4 yds
24 yds
34
243
19pr5
30
boxs
Its.
lbs
lbs
2
25;^^ bus.
353 bus.
2 b'ls
1,250 lbs
3,354
1,864
18,283
28,550
200
35,537
200
feet,
feet,
feet,
feet,
feet,
feet,
feet.
2
9
2
38
54
189
kegs
lbs
lbs
214
1,357
days
feet.
9 60 I
7 12Jif
50
10
55
1 25
76
6 00 to 6 30
86 to 40
30
2 50
13 to 14
35 00to45 00
15 26
26 60
25 00
12 00tol6 00
17 00
50
65
50
40
5 25 to 6 75
07
06
6 00
2 60
valves etc.
}
/
$104 60
1 60
9 00
456
12 65
22 00
37 15
81 25
2 60
6 04
4
3
40
60
41 00
180 60
37 84
10 90
1 80
6,990 73
10 00
25
116 15
5 00
166 76
117 42
28 46
293 70
756 68
5 00
639 68
3 40
1
1
4
243
3
02
15
60
40
80
16
78
13 34
645 00
535 00
303 34
u
"A." — /Statement of Purchases, Pa^ment^^ etc. — continued.
INDEBTEDNESS OF 1871.
Indebtedness of 1871, per last report.
Unreported indebtedness
Total
Paid per cash account ,
Settled by sales from shops and yardj.
Balance unpaid
Loan
Interest
Discharged convicts.
Convicts on deposit .
Exchange
Attorney's fee
Burial lot
124,589 47
714 56
Total Amoant
11,700 00
$25,804 03
124,523 69
474 23
306 11
Am^tPftid.
11,700 00
964 54
475 00
305 23
15 05
25 00
100 00
35
" A.'' — Accounts — continued.
OFFICERS' SERVICES.
Commissioner .
Deputy; warden
Physician
Chaplain ......
Usher
Chaplain, Catholic
do due last year.
Clerk
Master mechanic
Master painter. . .
do
do
Mechanic and keeper
• •• a...... UO •*•..».
do
Turnkey
. . .do . . .
Yard master
Mechanic and keeper stone sh'p
do do.. ..
do caVt sh*p
do do
Keeper paint shop
do
...'.... .do
Keeper saw room
turning room . . .
blacksmith shop.
shoe shop
kitchen
gate
2 office guards
2 cell-room guards.
4 wall guards
Matron
866 days.
867
87
26
253
days,
days,
eays.
days.
859 days.
24^ days.
108>| days,
6
860
851
8
858
days,
days.
days,
days,
days.
180 days.
286 days.
56
29
281
866
866
866
866
866
866
732
732
1,8783^
52f
days,
days,
days.
days . . .
days. ..
days. . .
duys. ..
days. . .
days. ..
days. . .
days. . .
days...
weeks .
18 00
550 00
450 00
1200 00
125 00
$8 00
2 00
2 50
8 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 25
2 50
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
00
00
CO
00
00
00
00
2 00
2 00
8 50
11,200 00
1,098 00
400 00
1,000 00
325 00
1,200 00
1,071 00
998 00
897 50
820 00
912 OO
877 50
911 00
850*66
879 75
782 00
732 00
732 00
732 00
782 00
732 00
1,464 00
1,464 00
2,746 50
446 80
$28,458 05
Amount paid per cash account
3G
" A." — Accounts— continued.
ARRESTING ESCAPED CONVICTS.
Jno. Moore, expenses
H. S. Benjamin, .do
H. Bertram, reward
F. S. Keach, livery ,
Amount paid per cash account
|5 00
1 00
100 00
6 00
$112 00
fll2 00
38
**A"— -4ccownto^-coiitinued.
STATEMENT OF THE BUSINESS
Transacted by ihe Several Shops during the year ending Sept, 30, 1872
CHAIR SHOP.
Received from sales
f 40, 670 31
1 ,487 89
8,144 88
1,254 25
44,844 16
Indebtedness settled bv sales
Outstandincr accounts for work sold
, •••.■•.•.•.
Work done for the prison
Stock and finished work on hand
191,400 49
f31,931 11
26, 082 44
440 54
14,260 97
18,685 43
Stock on hand Oct. 1, 1871
Paid for stock
Paid for stock in work
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings
f91,400 49
SHOE SHOP.
Received from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding accounts far work sold
Work done for the prison
Stock on hand
Stock on hand Oct. 1, 1871 . ../..'..
Paid for stock
Paid for stock in work
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings
$406 25
35 13
15 67
1, 126 71
767 43
12,351 19
4^2,351 19
39
" A." — Accounts — Statement of business — continued.
TAILOR SHOP.
Keceived from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding accounts^ for work sold
Work done for the prison
Stock on hand
Stock on hand October 1, 1871
Paid for stock
Paid for stock in work
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings
fl44 15
86 85
50
8,754 78*
2,409 19
$986 61
2,805 25
477 61
467 08
2,108 92
^,845 47
$6,845 47
BLACKSMITH SHOP.
Keceived firom sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding accounts for work sold
Work done for the prison
Stock on hand
Stock on hand October 1, 1871
Paid for stock
Paid for stock in work
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings
$143 27
13 85
1 90
1, 563 77
184 25
$247 80
466 20
144 25
1,048 79
$1,907 04
$1,907 04
40
" A." — Accounts — Statement of Business — continued.
STONE SHOP.
Received from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding accounts for work sold. . . .
Work for the prison other than building
Paid for teaming
Settled for teaming by sales ,
Making and repairing tools
Earnings
$2,671 00
12 08
624 65
17 00
19 86
240 64
473:35
2,502 28
$3,225 63
13,225 63
41
" A." — AccaunU — continued.
STATEMENT OF THE PRODUCTS
€f the Prison garden and farm lot for tJie year ending September ZOy 1872.
125 bush .
30 bush .
25 bush .
800 head .
75
42
47
54
728 bush .
2,580 lbs...
218 days. .
10 days. .
80
50
Potatoes
Turnips
Green com
Cabbage
Squashes
Hogs killed, weight 18,255 S>
Hogs on hand
Pigs on hand
Seeds
Com for hogs
Qround feed for hogs
Labor
Labor of team
Hogs on hand Oct. 1, 1871 . .
Pigs do
Balance
$0 50
50
5
5
7 75
15 00
200
II 00
8 00
20 00
8 00
162 50
15 00
15 00
15 00
8 75
1,027 26
705 00
106 00
$7 50
801 55
29 20
218 00
80 00
600 00
150 00
620 26
$1,951 51
$1,951 51
Note.— The Prison lot coatainB abont twelve acres outside the walls, the mosto
which is occupied as pastnre for hos^s.
42
" A." — Accounts — continued.
STATEMENT OF VALUE OF MATERIAL AND LABOR
Expended during the year ending September 30, 1872, in com-
pleting the Prison Workshop^ in finishing the Chapel^ and
in sundry repairs and improvements.
SHOP COMPLETION.
Stone work —
Fine pointed surface top-course under
roof ,.
Rough wallS) backing
Rough walls, pipe ditches
Flagging in cut-off room
ja fo
Bed for planer and cut stone for engine
room
Bed for planer, rough stone
Labor, excayating, etc., not included
above
Plastering —
Three coats on
Dry house (cement)
Iron roof-
Completion, cornice, gutters, conduct-
ors, etc
Wood work —
Flooring, two-inch
Flooring, one-inch
Partitions, first and second stories, two-
inch
Partitions, first and second stories, one-
inch •.
Studdinff, 14 feet, 2x8
Ceiling Joists
Ceiling boards
Sash, 74 windows
Hash, 4 windows
Privy doors
Square doors
Heavy arch top doors
Stair cases, two, 500 feet each, $10,
labor 110
Labor, not included above.
Glazing and painting sash —
Glass
Putty
Zinc points
White lead
Oil
Japan
Labor
410 ft.
820 ft..
930 ft..
1,600 ft..
41«ft..
1 c'd
1,477 yd
125 y'd
15,500 ft..
27,000 ft.
1,400 ft..
1,400 ft.
800 ft..
6,850 ft..
20,050 ft..
12 It.
12 It.
4 ...
o . • «
6 ...
34 bxs
283 lbs
60 lbs
1 qt.
$0 30
12
12
30
60
35
50
16 00
15 00
16 00
26 50
16 00
16 00
26 50
32
32
2 50
400
10 00
20 00
1
1
5@5 50
06
13 00
1 05
1 15
1123 00
98 40
111 60
450 00
26 30
400
55 50
515 95
62 50
7,252 43
248 00
405 00
22 40
37 10
12 80
109 60
690 33
97 68
5 28
10 00
80 00
60 00
40 00
185 00
180 50
16 98
50
7 80
2 62
80
18 75
48
*' A." — Accounts — Value of Material and Labor — continued.
Painting-
White lead
Oil
Turpentine
Labor *
Steam Pipe —
Bill of pipe, 1,357 feet, with valves, fit
tings, etc
Labor
Services of superintendent for season of
1871, a part of the time being included
in this report
Officers' wages
Nails, 88 kegs, $5.25@6.75
Locks and latches
Hinges
Teaming *
Freights
850 lbs
22 ffls
§
Ol'i
gis
10 d's
129 d's
184 d's
22 prs
113 00
1 05
80
1 25
1 50
5 00
2 50
1110 50
23 10
640
48 75
803 34
15 00
645 00
460 00
243 16
5 65
11 80
350 00
78 23
$13, 183 25
44
" A." — Accounts — Value of buildings — continued.
CHAPEL FINISHING.
Plastering
Inside blinds
Inside blinds
Chaplain^s platform
Keeper^s platforms
Brackets for window arches . . .
Brass bntts for blinds
Labor hanging blinds, etc
Painting —
Oil
Turpentine
Varnish (Lamar)
Horicon paint
Brandon yellow
White lead
White zinc in varnish
Putty
Labor
Fixtures and furniture —
Chaplain's table, cushion, etc
Settees (iron frame)
Carpet lor platform
Carpet for platform steps. ...
Office chairs
Dining and bow back chairs.
Labor puttinfj^ in fixtures ....
Offlcers^services
Officers' services
829 yds
8 sets
4 sets
5
28
86
p'r
20 gls
14 gls
20 lbs
60 lbs
275 lbs
20 lbs
25 lbs
62id's
30
9 50
7 12i J
3 00
1 00
15
1 05
80
42
25 y's
3iy's
2
18
19
80
d's
d's
05
05
14 00
45
06
1 00
7
1
50
25
75
1 00
2 00
2 50
i
$248 70
104 50
10 00
15 00
28 00
12 90
35 00
21 00
11 20
12 00
1 00
8 00
38 50
9 00
1 50
62 50
55 00
315 00
81 25
2
2
50
00
15 00
25 00
38 00
75 00
$1,172 55
4:i
" A." — AccounCs — Value of Buildings — continued.
HOG PEN.
Timber and scantling
Plank for floor
Common boards
Kails
Labor
Officer's services. . ... .
1,200 ft.
1,008 ft.
1,000 ft.
65 lbs.
5 days
$16 00
14 00
15 00
07
2 50
119 20
14 12
15 00
4 55
85 25
12 50
$100 62
SUNDRY REPAIRS.
Bepairs on Main Building —
Roof, repairs, Tin
Solder
Nails
Labor
Convict labor
Glass, putty and lab., rep. windows.
Partition in swing room
Setting glass and rep. in chapel. . . .
Door for chapel
Making frames for mosquito nets. .
Bepairs in Kitchen —
Iron pump repairs
Repairing refrigerator
Making aish-rack and cupboard
Sundry small repairs
Bepaira of Cell-room —
Roof— Tin
Solder
Labor
Convict labor
Sash cord
Repairing windows
Repairing ceiling and roof
Making 2 doors, and sundry rep.
Making 3 ash tables
Bepairs at Female Pri$on —
Roof— Tin
Solder
Conductors,
Labor
Convict labor
Painting, glazing, etc
Wall paper
1,093 8hts.$0 20
65} lbs.
28 lbs.
86 d'ys.
30 d'ys.
50
4
1
00
25
68 8hU.
7 lbs.
19 hrs.
17J lbs.
175 shts.
27 lbs.
96 hrs.
15 d'ys.
9 d'ys.
17 rls.
$0 20
50
40
40
10 16
50
40
$218 60
82 63
2 89
143 80
4 87 50
15 68
15 00
4 50
4 75
10 00
$23 40
800
27 50
3 50
$12 60
3 50
7 60
200
6 83
16 00
13 50
14 25
25 00
$27 98
13 50
11 45
88 40
22 60
42 00
5 24
$484 85
57 40
101 28
161 07
46
" A." — Accounts — JRepairs— continued.
Repairs in Barn —
JBuilding stalls
Putting on ridge-boards and repairing roof
Sundry repairs
R^irs and Improvements in Shops —
mtten door in engine room
Kidge-boards and repairing roof, blacksmith shop
Repairing windows, blacksmith shop
Putting in cistern pipes
Repairing steam boxes
Making patterns
Repairing chair racks
New track
Planking ditches
Miscellaneous —
Making new bucket platform, 1,632 feet lumber
Fitting up cellar
Repairing hot house
Frames in front yard, lumber, making and painting.
Fence repairs —
Posts, 61, at 13c
Boards, 1,608 feet, at $14 to $16
Nails, 20 lbs., at 7c
Labor
Total repairs, etc.
$10 00
250
8 60
14 00
8 00
25
6 25
5 50
6 00
5 50
3 92
8 98
$80 00
200
800
15 50
$7 98
25 05
1 40
8 00
$16 00
38 40
50 50
42 38
$951 88
SUMMARY.
Shop completion $13,183 25
Chapel completion 1 ,172 55
Hog house 100 62
Sundry repairs and improvements 951 88
$15,408 30
47
" A." — Accounts'— continued.
STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING ACCOUNTS.
$1,566 37
786 40
7,764 41
Outstanding accounts of 1869, per last
report . ,
Outstanding accounts of 1870, per last
report
Outstanding accounts of 1871, per last
report
Total
Received cash from outstanding ac
counts of 1869
Received payment in merchandise
Deductions
Total accounts of 1869 settled
Received cash from outstanding ac
counts of 1870
Received payment in merchandise
Deductions
Total accounts of 1870 settled
Received cash from outstanding ac
counts of 1871
Received payment In merchandise
Deductions
Merchandise returned
Total accounts of 1871 settled
Total accounts settled
Accounts of 1869 still outstanding $1 ,373 00
192 75
38 68
61 94
$824 20
68 58
17 16
$5,389 55
242 55
1 ,493 52
85 00
Accounts of 1870 still outstanding,
Accounts of 1871 still outstanding,
Balance outstanding ,
Outstanding accounts of 1872 . . . . ,
Total accounts outstanding Sep-
tember 30, 1872
325 46
553 79
$193 37
409 94
7,210 62
$10,066 18^
7,813 93.
2,252 25
3,961 81
$6,214 06
48
" A." — Accounts — continued.
Table showing the whole number of days spent in prison^ the
number of days lost time^ and the number of days given to
productive ami unproductive labor.
Whole Number of Days—
Males
71, 893
1,426
Females
Total
73,319
Lost Time^
Sundays
10,445
403
268}
87}
2,367
2,768
1,663
Solitary per sentence
Solitary for punishment
Dark cell for punishment
Sick or disabled
Insane or idiotic
Old ace
Total lost time -.
8,002
Indispensdble Labor but not directly pro-
ductive of Income —
ShippinfiT clerk
814
814
1,831
2,859}
3,033
821
2, 953}
517}
54
1,107
1,500}
1,121
871
Hospital steward
Tier tenders, barber and office boy.
iLitchen men
1
Stable men and teamsters
Wash house men
Chore men, shops and female prison.
Garden and farm labor
Filling ice house
Cuttinc wood
Blacksmiths, tailors and shoemakers
^ time
Menders
General repairs and excayating ....
Total
17,297
Aff jrrGffate unTiroductive lalior
35,299
Productive Labor—
Cliair and cabinet shop
35,059
2,713
248
Stone shoD
Shoe, tailor and blacksmith shop, }
time
Total productiye labor
Total time
38,020
73,319
49
"B."— INVENTORY OF PRISON PROPERTY,
8eptmber 80, 1872.
STOCK IN CABINET AND CHAIR SHOPS.
2
Chamber set, blackwaliiat
Secretary do
Wardrobes.: do
Secretary .do ,
Side-board do ,
Side-board, butternut
Tete-a-Tetes, blackwalnut
Bureau, marble top, blackwalnut, with glass
. .do do do
. .do do
. .do butternut
..do. do
..do do
. . do pine
. .do. . dressing, marble top, blackwalnut, unf' d.
Bedstead, blackwalnut
. . .do. . . .butternut
. . .do do
.. .do .do •
. . .do do...
Washstand bureaus, cherry
Washstand, blackwalnut, marble top
. . . .do do do
. . . .do butternuts
. . . .do do
Wash sink, blackwalnut
do butternut
Towel racks, blackwalnut.
Rocker, hair cloth, large
Toilet stand, butternut, with j|;la88
do do do
Quartette stand, butternut
Light stands, blackw^dnut, marble top
do cherry
do do
do butternut.
What-not, enclosed, cherry
. . . .do do. • • ••
Hat rack, blackwalnut
Table, butternut
>85 00
40 00
80 00
7 60
8 00
8 00
16 00
12 00
2 90
$280 00
186 00
70 00
100 00
40 00
46 00
80 00
60 00
60 00
20 00
26 00
16 00
12 00
10 00
80 00
66 00
86 00
16 00
^ 14 00
12 00
80 00
20 00
14 00
10 00
6 00
16 00
12 00
6 00
18 00
20 00
82 00
1 76
86 00
600
8 00
6 00
10 00
6 00
16 oa
6 OO
4--ST. Pbi8.
(Doc. 11.)
50
" B." — Inventory — Cabinet and Chair /SAofw— continued.
1
1
1
13
2
8
4
1
1
9
18
9
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
5
4
8
2
6
8
1
2
4
2
1
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
150
125
100
250
40
811
10
29
6J
1
8
19
8
22
6
25
105
16
46i
Cylinder desk, black walnut
Office desk, black walnut
Office desk, butternut
Upholstered chair frames, black walnut.
Lounge frames, black walnut
Lounge frames, unfinished, basswood . . .
Camp chairs
Camp chair
Croquet set
Brackets, black walnut
What-not shelves
Rustic frames, assorted sizes
Lot carvings
Set extension table slides, patent
Lumber wagon
Lumber wagon
Lumber wagon
Set truck wheels
Marble bureau tops
Marble centre table tops, oval
Marble wash-stand tops
Marble wash-stand backs, large
Marble wash-stand backs, small
Marble bureau desk tops
Marble shelves, with brackets
Mirror plate
Mirror plates
Mirror plates
Mirror plates
Mirror frame, black walnut, large
Mirror frames, blackwalnut, unfinished .
Lot miscellaneous lumber, assorted sizes
Lot turned stock
Lot veneer
Set wagon felloes
Set wagon spokes
Set bob sleigh runners
Pounds curled hair
Pounds moss
Pounds tow
Pounds springs
Yards red rep
Yards green rep
Yards green rep
Yards green rep
Yards striped rep
Yard tan rep
Yards plush
Yards green damask
Yards ribbed delaine
Yards 24-inch hair cloth
Yards 88.lnch hair cloth
Yards enameled cloth
Yards burlaps
Yards carpet
Yards cambric
$5 50
8 00
4 00
5 00
3 00
2*66
7 00
6 50
5 00
4 50
3 00
3 50
4 50
4 50
3 00
2 50
2 50
63
13
05
12i
2 50
2 10
75
50
25
1
1
2
3 50
90
35
65
50
35
15
40
15
1
2
$60 00
80 00
30 00
71 60
16 00
12 00
20 00
3 00
8 00
27 00
6 00
18 00
200 00
13 00
80 00
70 00
65 00
16 00
14 00
82 50
20 00
13 50
6 00
21 00
13 50
15 00
9 00
12 00
5 00
10 00
22 50
200 00
115 00
15 00
3 50
2 50
3 00
94 50
16 25
5 00
81 26
100 00
66 15
17 50
43 50
15
1
19
85
10 50
17 10
1 05
87 53
16 26
8 75
15 75
22 40
6 97
51
" B." — Inventory — Cabinet and Chair Shops — continued.
40
83
41
89
23
5i
15
1
9
3
10
3J
9
6
50
25
1
60
5
75
100
80
8
1
38«
l^
3i
H
2i
H
i
8i
2i
Oi
24J
4
i
1651
1
61
n
6
15
?!
94
67
llo
371
326
403
919
548
1,126
2,483
1,519
Yards sheeting
Yards sheeting
Yards ticking
Yards ticking
Pieces webbing, cotton
Pieces webbing, hemp
Pounds twine
Ponnd yarn. .
Pounds cotton batting
Gross gimp
Gross buttons
Set desk legs, maple
Set table legs, maple and cherry
Cast iron hat tree pans
Sets casters, assorted
Dozen brass drawer locks
Dozen bureau drop handles
Dozen hinges, assorted
Dozen locks, assorted
Papers brads, assorted
Papers tacks, assorted
Gross screws, assorted
Upholsters* needles
Book of designs
Dozen cane seat ehairs
. .do. .cane seat chairs in white
. .do. .cane seat Boston rockers
. .do. .cane seat Boston rockers in white
. .do . .cane seat brace-arm rockers
. .do. .cane seat misses rockers
. .do. .cane seat misses rockers in white. .....
. .do. .wood Boston rockers
. .do. .wood Boston rockers in white
. .do. .wood sewing rockers
. .do. .wood sewing rockers in white
. .do. .wood misses rockers
. .do. .wood misses rockers in white
. .do. .wood childs rockers
. .do. .wood seat chairs, assorted
Set extra finished chairs, 1 office chair, 2 rockers
Dozen wood seat chairs, in white
. .do. .office chairs
. .do. .office chairs, in white
. .do. .childs chairs ;
. .do. .stools
Cane Boston rocker backs, caned
Cane nurse rocker backs, caned
Cane misses rocker backs, caned
Cane Boston rocker seats, caned
Cane Boston rocker seats, uncaned
Cane nurse rocker seats, caned
Cane nurse rocker seats, uncaned
Cane misses rocker seats, caned
Cane chair seats, caned
Cane chair seats, uncaned
Cane chair and rocker fronts
$0 15
11
30
16
80
2 00
40
8 00
6 00
24 00
22 00
16 50
12 00
10 00
15 00
12 00
12 00
10 00
9 00
7
7
4
00
00
50
3 00
10 00
8 00
5
3
00
75
62i
50
40
50
15
40
12
30
30
10
5
$6 00
3 63
12 30
14 24
18 40
11 00
6 00
1 10
1 44
18 00
5 00
2 28
4 50
3 30
27 50
62 50
8 00
48 00
8 75
9 37
10 00
100 00
1 60
3 00
310 67
98 00
78 00
25 67
41 25
16 00
5 00
125 00
30 00
76 00
248 83
36 00
46 67
2 34
746 25
12 50
183 00
28 33
48 00
75 83
6 25
58 75
33 50
44 00
185 50
48 90
161 20
110 28
164 40
337 80
248 30
75 95
52
" B." — Inventory — Cabinet and Chair Shop9 — continued.
275
1,575
525
8,163
1,672
560
216
18,505
620
265
5,408
56,800
19,600
5,150
1,530
8mrnry
,i>UU
8.800
4.130
6,175
2,100
115,850
62, 810
42,250
5,930
85,565
44,988
9,700
14,000
81.925
1,895
27,000
126, 800
167,960
2,510
23,200
69,950
26,000
482,000
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
8
800
12
16
25
2
1
1
1
885
80
Cane chair, half Grecian fronts
Ribs for cane rockers
Scroll arms for cane rockers. . .
Wood seats per hundred. .
.do,
do
.do.
.do.
do,
.do
. . . .do
. . . .do
. . . .do
. . . .do
Pillars do.
..do do.
..do .do.
. .do do.
Arms do.
Bows do.
. .do do.
Rockers do.
..do
. .do
Legs.
..do
..do
. .do ,
.do,
.do
do.
.do.
.do.
do.
Backs do
. .do do
. .do do
..do do
..do do
Stubs do
Scrolls and risers. . . .do
Spindles do
..do do
. .do do
Stretchers do
. .do do
..do do
. .do do
Feet stretchers do
Lot dowels
Lot wedge lumber
Lot assorted cut lumber
Lot croquet stock
Lot assorted chair stock
Dozen machine bits, assorted .
Lot assorted flies
Casks nails
Pounds sand
. .do. . .sheet lead
. .do. . .antimony
. .do., .washers
Gross belt hooks
Lot string leather
Lot packing
Lot steam pipe fittings
Gals, varnish— No. 1 furniture.
do 2 flowing .
10 04
01
06
11 00
8 00
6 00
6 00
5
4
4
4
1
1
00
00
00
50
00
00
2 00
7 00
6 50
3
2
2
1
1
4
8
2
1
1
90
60
50
50
26
86
70
60
60
50
60
50
36
50
76
60
86
00
60
50
40
85
12 00
6 50
06
16
25
121
1 00
1 25
2 75
$11 00
16 76
26 25
847 98
188 76
38 60
12 96
725 25
24 80
10 60
216 32
844 50
196 00
108 00
107 10
510 00
133 00
103 25
154 37
31 50
1,448 12
529 63
295 75
266 85
1,244 77
1,124 70
48 60
210 00
111 78
6 98
202 50
787 80
587 82
25 10
189 20
849 75
100 00
1,512 00
10 00
15 00
35 00
10 00
96 00
182 00
165 00
19 50
15 00
1 80
400
8 18
200
2 00
25 00
50 00
481 25
82 60
53
" B.'' — Inventory — Cabinet a^id Chair Shops — continued.
00
25
10
15
8
120
126i
90
7
2
86
115
48
40
\'
1
130
2,292
853
600
1,500
728
200
260
200
450
3
5
75
190
68
600
175
2
8
1
1
4
1
• 1
i
i
1
Gallons yamish, Shallac
. .do . . .Tarnish. . . .do imitatipn^,
. .do . . .yamish, black
..do . ..oil finish
. .do . . .wood filling
. .do . . .oil, boiled linseed
. .do . . .oil, fine engine.
. .do . ..oil, lard
. .do . . .oil, neats-foot
..do . ..oil, castor
. .do . . .oil, benzole, Japan.
. .do . . .oil, benzine
. . do . . .asphaltum
. .do . . .turpentine
. .do . . .Valentine^s Japan gold size. ..
. .do ... alcohol
Barrel pyroligneous acid
Pounds glue
. .do . . .glue
. .do . ..glue
. .do . . .Uoricon paint
. .do ... Brandon yellow
. .do . . .yellow ochre
. .do . . .logwood
. .do . . .rosepink
. .do . . .Venetian red
. .do . ..whiting
. .do . . .pure French zinc
. .do . . .raw sienna
. .do . . .burnt umber
. .do . . .lamp black
. .do . . .gold bronze
. .do . . .wrapping paper
. .do . . .twine
. .do . . .sponge
Packages Dutch metal
Lot mixed paints, etc
Dozen yamish brushes
Dozen yarnish brushes
Dozen paint brushes
Dozen paint brushes
Dozen painters dusters
Dozen sash tools
Dozen marking brushes
Box striping brushes ....
Gross carpenters pencils
Gross carpenters pencils
M cane
Reams sand paper
Rolls sand paper
Pounds oil slips
Ponnds copper
Pounds copper wire
Pieces blister steel
Whip saws
Split pins
$8
1
2
4
1
2
75
45
65
65
75
95
63
88
35
00
75
18
10
68
00
2
2
35
26
16J
4
13
8i
4
45
9
8
10
00
11
28
00
90
16 25
6 00
2 25
1 50
7 00
9 00
55
^4 50
600
1 20
55
75
50
25
00
1
1
1
$75 00
36 35
6 50
39 75
14 25
114 00
79 70
79 20
9 45
400
64 50
20 70
52 80
27 20
6 00
n 00
15 00
45 50
595 92
58 24
21 00
37 50
29 12
5 00
33 80
7 00
18 00
1 36
45
6 00
19 00
476 00
66 00
40 25
4 00
8 70
35 00
32 50
65 00
13 50
12 00
3 00
94
75
2 80
5 25
2 25
742 50
247 60
18 00
68 60
12 65
4 50
800
2 50
4 00
54
^^ BJ*^ — Inventorj/ — Cabinet and Chair Shops— continued.
12,000
45,000
1,000
10,800
453,000
585,500
6,000
800
2,500
1,500
3,700
5,204
Feet black walnut lumber ,
Feet butternut lumber
Feet cherry lumber
Feet oak lumber
Feet maple and elm lumber
Feet basswood lumber
Feet mixed lumber
Feet pine ceiling lumber, matched & beaded
Feet pine boards — common
Feet pine boards for boxes
Feet pine joists
Feet pine joists
.Total
$75 00
25 00
20 00
20 00
15 00
15 00
26 50
14 00
13 00
17 00
15 00
$900 00
1,125 00
25 00
216 00
9,060 00
8,782 50
90 00
21 20
35 00
19 50
62 90
78 06
$44,844 16
WOOD.
220
40
5
Cords, four feet — ^hard
Cords, four feet — soft
Cords, stove length — mixed
Total
$1,045 00
120 00
30 00
$1,195 00
STONE.
4,340
2,640
220
200
150
60
66
40
32
70
60
55
Feet 8 inch rough stone
Feet fla^ering — in rough
Feet 12 inch boulders for bases
Feet drilled for sockets
Feet arch stone — axed
Feet bushed stone
Feet moulded steps
Feet cut bases
Feet window sills
Rough sockets
Rough sockets
Cor& rough wall stone
Total
$0 20
$868 00
08
211 20
20
44 00
15
30 00
40
60 00
60
36 00
1 00
66 00
60
24 00
60
19 20
1 00
70 00
75
45 00
4 25
233 75
$1,707 15
55
" B." — Inventory — continued.
BLACKSMITH SHOP.
750
185
1
1
Pounds American iron
Pounds steel
Set wagon tires
Tons old iron, bolts, etc., average value.
Ton hard coal
Total.
10 07
25
50 00
$52 50
88 75
10 00
75 00
18 00
$184 25
SHOE SHOP.
118
16
1
1
1
4
8
208^
58i
4
28
148
1
A
lA
41
38
18
f
Pairs brogans
Pairs shoes
Pair shoes, canvas
Pair boots, sewed
Pair boots
Pair boots, (old stock, out of proportion),
Pairs ladies bootees.
Pair slippers
Stock in process of manufacture.
Pounds sole leather
Pounds American kip
Pounds French kip ,
Pounds French calf
Feet upper leather ,
Lace leather skin
Dozen russet calf skins
Dozen cochineal skins
Dozen boot morocco
Dozen roans
Dozen pink skins
Roll boot webbing
Pounds shoe thread
Pounds iron shoe nails
Pounds zinc points
Bushels pegs
Lot wax
Total.
18 00
8 ({0
1
8 00
4 50
8 50
1 00
84
90
1 60
2 20
26
80 00
10 00
14 00
9 50
1 75
10
20
1 50
$854 00
56 00
2 50
9 50
6 80
12 00
\
9 00
1 50
18 25
70 81
48 15
6 40
61 60
88 48
2 75
20 00
7
4
60
26
15 17
8 95
65
7 87
8 80
8 60
8 75
80
$767 48
56
" B." — ^Thv^n^ory— continued.
TAILOR SHOP.
l,020i
8
114}
54}
77}
89
40
5
8
1
95
10
5
98
10
1
3
14
1
9
9
16
16
7
88
48
48
2
8
58
22
10
Yards gray cadet
. .do. . cassimere
..do. .hickory
. .do. .drilling
. .do. .silesia
..do..wiggan
. .do. .canvasa
. .do. .sheeting
. .do. .blue denim ■
Lot binding
Dozen spools assorted thread
Pounds woolen yam
Pounds linen thread
Gross assorted buttons
Gross shirt buttons
Box crayons
Dozen bottles sewing machine oil
Dozen cotton hose
Gk)ing out shirts
Linen duster
Going out coats
Going out coats
Gk)ing out vests
Pairs goin^ out pants
Going out hats
Prison coats
Prison vests
Pairs prison pants
Pairs prison overalls
Prison caps
Prison shirts
Aprons
Pairs mittens
II 20
1 80
21
20
16
20
14
24
fl
1
1
1
80
10
00
00
10
1 25
2 00
2 00
10 00
7
4
00
00
6 00
80
6 00
2 50
00
25
00
25
50
50
5
1
1
1
,224 60
8 90
24 05
899
15 60
6 24
800
70
1 92
75
76 00
11
5
00
00
28 00
1 00
40
1 04
400
28 00
200
90 00
63 00
64 00
96 00
560
198 99
107 50
240 00
2 50
800
72 50
11 00
5 00
Total
$2,409 19
57
" B." — Inventoty — oontinued.
MERCHANDISE.
67 Tarda ticking
62 Yards ticking ,
288 Tarda toweling ,
27 Bedticka, new
18 Sheets, new ,
} Roll pattern paper ,
6 Dozen brooms ,
2 Dozen brush brooms
154 Pounds tobacco
2^ Dozen lamp chimnies, assorted sizes. . . .
7 Gross kerosene wicks, assorted sizes. . . ,
2} Dozen sun hinge burners, assorted sizes.
1 Dozen Alladdin. burners
1 Pound beeswax
1 Lot alum
1 Lot chalk
1 Dozen store polish .^
8 Pounds soap; Castile
56 Pounds soap, German
250 Pounds soap, prison manufacture
880 Gallons soft soap
6 Buckets, new — large
75 Buckets, new— small ■
60 Barrels
8 Pickling tubs
1 Barrel lime
1 Lot common brick <
65 Firebrick
288 Gallons carbon oil
I
80
16
20
00
76
2
1
00
60
67
1 00
80
800
80
8
4
l^
60
76
60
00
9
25
«20 10
8 82
67 60
64 00
9 75
6 00
12 00
800
87 78
260
6 60
800
200
80
60
60
1 76
90
448
10 00
110 00
9 00
56 25
86 00
6 00
1
2
6
60
00
85
72 00
Total.
$598 18
58
" B.'* — Inventory— -contijmed.
PROVISIONS AND FORAGE.
10
2
156
45
43
25
150
80
50
850
400
100
50
200
180
110
8
50
8i
Barrels flour ,
. . .do . . salt ,
Gallons syrup
do. .vim^gar
Pounds tea
. . .do. .ground ginger. . . ,
, . . do. .rice ,
— do. .pepper ,
,.. .do. .split peas
. . . .do. .beef, per hundred.
. . . .do. .pork. . . .do
— do.. butter ,
, . . .do. .tallow
, . . .do. .grease
Loaves bread
Bushels potatoes
. . . .do. .beans
. . . .do. .corn
Tons hay
Ton bran
Total
$5 73
2 25
56
19
60
30
09
25
04
6 60
7 75
15
10
06
12}
60
2 00
50
6 00
20 00
157 30
450
86 80
8 55
25 80
7 50
13 50
7
2
50
00
23 10
31 00
15 00
5 00
12 00
16 25
66 00
16 00
25 00
21 00
10 00
1453 80
LIVE STOCK.
1 Span horses
1 Cow
47 Hogs
54 Pigs
Total
$15 00
2 00
$400 00
40 00
705 00
108 00
$1,253 00
59
" B." — ^Jnwen^ory— continued.
MACHINERY, TOOLS AND APPURTENANCES.
CABINET AND CHAIR SHOPS.
.do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.,
.do.,
.do.,
.do.,
.do..
2
1 Engine and boiler, including belt, complete |5
810 Feet line shaft, pulleys and hangers r 4
20 I Dozen glass oilers
1 Cold water pump, with fixtures, complete
1 Iron pump column
1 Small iron pump
1 Elevator and fixtures complete
Steam pipe for heating shops
2 Steam boxes
8 Glue-heaters
8 Water-tanks
1 Eng. lathe tools, counter shaft pulleys, hang, and belting
2 Quage do do
Guage do do. .. .
Bailev do do
Hand do do. . . .
Hand lathe beds do do
Planer do do....
Planer do do
Shaper do do....
Shaper do do. . . .
Stretcher machine ^ . . .do do. . . .
Gain-cutter do do
Post rounder do do. . .
Seat jointer do do
Upright cylinder machine do do
Wood seat hollowing do do
Slat turning machine do do
Tenoning arbor do do
Seat-notching machine do do
Boring machines do do. . . .
Boring machine (iron leg hld^r) do do
Boring machine do do. . . ,
Tenoning machine do do
Tenoning machine do do
Seat framer and dowel machine do do. . . .
Morticer do do. . . .
Morticer do do. . . .
Rocker arm cutter do do. . . .
Rocker seat maker do do
Chuck machine do do . . .
Bent rim machine do do . . .
Back planer not set up
Surface plaier do
Band saw, counter shaft, pulley hangers and belting .
Saw table frame arbor do do. . . .
,470 76
,698 80
428 00
278 81
50 00
15 00
105 78
,042 00
55 00
223 48
150 00
627 60
,873 84
297 25
118 50
855 40
16 00
648 25
528 50
860 00
231 86
227 48
171 70
122 50
189 80
227
151
287 40
84 50
282 25
830 00
155 00
70 22
863 75
195 00
888 91
195 87
182 69
182 08
210 00
145 81
185 40
90 00
160 00
621 88
816 58
271 68
264 00
252 00
242 86
186 00
10
90
60
" B." — JnventoTf/ — Machinery^ e^c— <sontinued.
Cabinet and Chair iSA^ipt— con.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
13
3
1
2
1
45
26
88
1
1
160
1
156
60
185
25
4
800
5
21
50
2
8
800
20
200
Saw table, counter shaft, pulley, hangers and belting
....do do do. ...
. . . .do do do. .. .
Wabble saw table, frame arbor, do ... .
Pillar splitting saw table do. . . .
Saw table for ripping long material do. . . .
Scroll saw do
. . . .do do, . . .
.... do do. .. .
Cut-off saw, frame arbor do. . . .
. . . .do do. . . .
... .do do. .. .
. . . .do do. .. .
Wood circular saw with frame and arbor
Saw frames, with arbors
Em. wheel ^ind. machine, 6 wheels do. . . .
Saw gummmg emery wheel do
Sand wheel do
....do do....
Grind stone do
. . . .do
.... do
Sand belts with fixtures
Clamping machine with fixtures
Chuck an>ors and pulleys
Chuck machine ft*ame
Iron'chucks
Brass chucks
Lot chuck knives
Cutter heads for stretcher machines
Pipe and valves for cistern ,
Pipe tools, vice, tap wrenches, cutters, etc
Lot clamps for putting up seats
Belt shifters
Gnuee lathe patterns
Set shaper knives ,
Lot new saws
Lot old saws
Feet rubber hose with nozzles
Drive belt for counter line shaft
Feet new belting, various dimensions
Feet old belting, various dimensions
Chair forms
Chair clamps and standards
Clamps
Bendmg forms
Bending stands
Bendinff irons
Pillar forms
Set iron bending handles
Bending levers
Bending frames
Frames for holding bending work
Seat clamps
$55 00
25 00
2 50
5 00
10 00
1 00
1 00
3 00
3 50
8 00
13 00
1 25
4 50
50
10
3 50
2 00
25
250
8
$183 83
182 28
180 80
163 58
164 67
136 20
246 08
245 87
175 00
199 50
182 75
180 75
130 50
75 00
165 00
112 20
150 58
130 17
102 00
159 50
46 58
46 50
50 00
25 00
30 00
5 00
32 50
15 00
8 00
20 00
78 42
114 84
50 75
45 00
26 GO
114 00
65 00
120 00
101 45
98 72
62 34
10 80
437 50
75 00
52 00
375 00
22 50
10 50
5 00
7 00
6 00
75 00
50 00
600
61
" B." — JkverUory — Machinery^ e^c.-— continued.
OMnet and Chair ShojH^on.
460
42
8
6
1
1
17
28
7
8
7
1
8
2
1
28
20
25
1
19
7
1
1
1
12
4
5
1
4
4
14
1
8
1
10
8
6
25
8
1
2
14
6
4
5
2
2
1
50
25
00
50
50
Iron staples
Thumb screw clamps
Sets le^ forms for boring seats
Table lorms for boring seats
Forms for morticing machine
. . . .do. . . . boring do
. . . .do. . . . grooving . . . .do.
. . . .do. . . . npright shaper. . .'
. . . .do. . . . horizontal shaper «
Clamp screw
Bendme screw
Seat-making patterns
Chair-back patterns
Chair^haping patterns
Back-bormg patterns
Digger patterns
Tuning frame
Dumping barrows
Grindstones
Iron vise
Work benches
Paint brushes
Wood vises
Set rope and tackles
Hand barrows ,
Boxes for shipping cane work
Mammoth paint mill
. . .do. . . . . . .do.... old
Hand paint mill
Stationary racks
Cupboards
. . .do
Cupboard I
Tool chests 2 50
^ 08
65
8 00
2 50
8 00
20 00
8 00
2 00
2
1
00
50
8 00
20 00
10 00
Pike poles
Hook ladders
Step ladder
Pair wooden horses . . .
Pair scales
Paint tubs ,
Paintboxes
Sprinklers >
Glue pots
Lanterns
Oil filter tank
.Oil tanks
Varnish dishes
Dripping pans
Scoops ana funnels. . . .
Tin cans, with faucets.
. . . .do do
. . . .do do
. .. .do do
. . . .do do
50
75
50
8
1
1
1
50
00
75
60
60
15 00
65
75
20
00
50
50
50
0
4
2
2
118 50
28 10
24 00
16 00
16 00
15 00
5 00
15 00
9 00
10 00
12 00
8 50
6 76
7 00
4 00
8 60
400
100 00
6 00
18 20
660 00
60 00
50 00
8 00
88 00
10 50
26 00
6 00
7 00
86 00
80 00
50 00
2 60
10 00
200
24 60
1 60
400
6 00
5 00
9 00
10 50
87 60
4 50
1 50
80 00
9 10
16 00
1 20
86 00
22 50
6 00
400
1 60
62
8
6
42
8
1
1
1
1
1
3
7
1
46
4
1
2
2
6
14
10
15
4
4
8
1
2
6
25
43
7
1
4
3
5
42
9
1
1
1
40
2
1
60
26
42
1
1
3
1
20
37
3
20
9
" B." — Invefitort/ — Machinery^ c^c— continued.
Cabinet and Ghair /^^pa— continued.
Tin cans
. . .do
. . .do
Copper cans ,
Painted half-barrel,
Chest drawers
Bureau
Desk
Clock
Tables
Chairs ,
Chair
Pails
Pokers, large
Wash tub
Sinks, with fixtures.
Stands
Buckets
Brooms
Cups
Curtains
Stools
Stoves and pipes
Tool boxes
Lot assorted files
Set carving tools ,
Dozen machine bits, assorted ....
Braces and 25 dozen assorted bits,
Wrenches, various kinds
Axes
Hatchet ,
Crooked Adzes
Scoop shovels, iron
do wood
Screw drivers, assorted sizes
Gimlets
Copper hammer
Machine hammer
Riveting hammer ,
Nail hammers
Nail drawers
Spoke shave
do ,
Drawshaves ,
Hand saws
Cross-cut saw
18-inch circular saw
Dozen scroll saws
Steel square, standard ,
Steel squares
Tri-squares ,
Rimmers
Pairs dividers
Pairs calipers
%\ 00
65
20
80
00
75
25
50
600
50
1 00
20
15
25
25
5 00
12 00
3 75
1 75
1 50
2 50
2 25
1 25
60
20
1 25
40
40
1 25
2 25
4 00
2 25
1 50
75
1 00
80^
$8 00
3 25
8 40
6 40
2 00
8 00
7
5
2
00
00
50
12 00
5 25
2 50
11 50
00
50
2
1
12 00
1 00
6 00
2 80
1 50
3 75
1 00
20 00
5 50
200 00
50 00
72 00
93 75
75 25
10 50
1 10
10 00
6 75
6 25
21 00
1 80
5 00
2 00
75
50 00
80
3 75
24 00
32 50
94 50
5 00
5 00
12 00
4 00
45 00
55 50
2 25
20 00
7 20
63
" B." — Inventory — Machinery^ etc, — continued.
Cabinet and Chair 8?iop9-~coji,
2
10
1
108
28
80
80
2
1
1
6
2
4
10
18
2
3
1
7
2
100
40
2
1
1
1
1
4
10
2
10
1
15
1
8
1
1
1
9
Pair pincers
Set firmer chisels
Set turniDg chisels ....
Assorted chisels ,
Oil stones ,
Guages, assorted
Planes, assorted
Plane irons
Lot hand screws ,
Lot iron thumb-screws
Iron hand-screws
Counter sinks
Augurs
Pincers
Awls
Key-sets
Saw sets
Band set
pairs gas pipe tongs . . . ,
Pairs blacksmith tongs.
Scrapers
Wood mallets
Spirit levels
Spirit level
Steel
Straight edge, 16 ft
Heading knife
Knives
Putty knives
Pairs shears
Upholsters needles
Flat iron
Varnish and paint brushes,
Badger hair flowing brush.
Blendes
Cart
Wheel house
Rimming bench
Extra counter shaft pulleys, etc.
Fire annihilators
^ 90
6 00
1
1
1
Total.
50
00
50
75
65
60
25
25
30
15
75
50
75
50
20
15
00
20
45
90
15
1 25
1 25
8 00
$1 80
60 00
11 00
54 00
28 00
45 00
140 00
1 30
150 00
80 00
8 60
50
5 00
8 00
2 70
1 50
7 50
12 50
5 25
1 00
20 00
6 00
8 00
2 00
75
50
00
80
50
80
50
75
18 75
1 00
8 75
20 00
2 50
1 00
117 50
72 00
$84,551 59
2
1
4
1
1
64
" B.** — Inventory — Machinery^ e^c— continued.
STONE SHOP.
1 Crane, with fixtures, new.
9 Chum drills
1 Blasting drill
1 Iron bar
4 Iron bard
8 Iron bars
8 Sledge hammers ,
7 Stone hammers
45 Mash hammers
7 Bush hammers
d Bush hammers
8 Picks
25 Mallet chisels ,
14 Stone axes . . . .
11 Pitching tools ,
5 Hand drills ,
21 Scratchers
2 Bush chisels
1 Shovel
2 Heating irons
25 Feathers and wedges
68 Chisels
67 Points
11 Bankers
16 Squares
25 Straight edges
1 Grindstone
1 Car
3 Waterpails
1 Stove and pipe
12 50
8 00
1 50
2 00
1 50
1 50
8 00
5
1
2
1
00
50
50
00
50
75
10
75
25
40
50
75
25
5
$160 00
22 50
6
7
00
00
20
12 00
12 00
6 00
10 60
67 50
21 00
10 00
4 60
12 50
28 00
16 50
8 75
2 10
1 50
1 00
60
1 75
27 20
83 50
8 25
4O0
1 25
500
10 00
eo
10 00
Total
$405 40
r—
65
" B." — Inventory — Machinery^ e^.-— oontinuecL
BLACKSMITH SHOP.
1
Puncb mftchine. ,...,. , ,
$100 00
1
Drill machine
8 00
5
Anvtlft - ^ . - . , T - \, , ,
$12 00
800
600
00 00
8
Blacksmith bellows
2^ 00
8
Vises
18 00
1
Swedire block
20 00
8
Screw-plates and tans.
5 00
2
Monkey wrenches
76
26
12
300
75
50
60
1 60
61
Pairs tongs
12 75
28
Piipche**r , , T ,
8 86
9
FraiTw punches. ...
27 00
82
Heading tools ,
24 00
29
Swedges
14 60
Cold chisels
2 00
Screw driver
60
Punch-blocks
Buttress tool
26
75
75
Bit stocks
26'
50
Press drill
1 60
2 60
Hammers . , t . ,
1 00
1 60
4 00
Sled&re-hammers
3 00
Pair shears
8 00
60 00
Desk
1 50
Cupboard
400
.... do ••
1 00
Case of drawers
1 00
Total
$898 61
6— St. Peis.
(Doc. 11.)
y"
I
66
" B." — Inventory — Machinery y 6^c— continued.
SHOE SHOP/
1 Crimping machine and box.
1 Pegfloat
Dozen shoe knives
Dozen shoe knives
Dozen skivers
Dozen French soap stones. .
Dozen collices
Dozen flower wheels
Dozen seamsets
Dozen seat wheels
Dozen tack-cutters
Dozen ppjr-p.nttftrB
Dozen weTt knives
Dozen strip awls
4^ Benches, with kit
28 Pairs lasts
1 Offlcechair
4 Spittoons
Washing utensils
1 Stove and pipe
1 Cutting board
Total.
$1 25
2 00
4 80
8 25
8 60
2 40
50
00
00
40
40
5 00
30
7
5
5
2
2
12i
928 40
8 00
98
1 00
250
1
7
20
81
60
40
62
1 25
88
20
40
20 00
8 40
1 00
50
20
00
00
1
5
1
185 89
67
" B," — Inventory/ — Machinery^ etc, — continued.
TAILOR SHOP.
1 Sewing machine — ^new . . .
1 sewing machine— old ....
1 Knitting machine
1 Pairs shears
3 Pair shears
2 Blacknnt press boards. . . .
4 Common press boards
1 Stove and pipe
3 Chairs
2 Benches
1 Backet, baisin and broom
Total,
$0 75
75
35
25
15
$75 00
20 00
45 00
12 00
2 25
1 50
1 00
5 00
50
80
75
$168 80
SOAP HOUSE.
1 Fnmace and kettle.
1 Wringer
2 Tubs
8 Tubs
8 Washboards
4 Pails
5 Sets candle moulds
2 Clothes racks
1 Soap pump
Total.
$2 00
25
80
25
60
1 50
$8 00
10 00
400
75
00
1 00
800
800
1 25
$81 90
68
** B." — Inventary^-'-Qontimi^
TOOLS AND CHATTELS IN BARN AND YARD.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
10
1
1
500
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
8
2
12
2
14
Double carriage
Open buggy
Furniture wagon
Double wagon, new
Cutter
Double harness
Single harness
Sets of trucks
Set of bobs, new
....do do
. . . .do do. . not ironed. . . .
... .do
. . . .do
Hay rack, new
. . . .do. . . .old
Chair racks
Wood racks
Pairs of blankets
Pair of fly blankets
Harness cupboard
Grain box
Hay knife
Sets whiffletrees
Neck yokes
Halters
Lanterns
Set curry tools
Harrow , . . .
Ploughs
Shovel-plough
Stone-boat
Rakes
Pitchforks
Dung-forks
Chains
Auger
Pails
Lot cooper tools
Lot garaen tools
Feet cable chain
Derrick gearings, with castings.
Force pump
Hand-car, with shafting
Hand-sled, large
Bucket rack on wheels, large. . .
Lumber do do . .
Razor grinding machine
Hand truck
Hand barrows
Wheelbarrows
.... do
.... do
.... do with water barrel.
Wooden horses, large
(16 00
40 00
15 00
5 00
2 00
6 00
8
2
00
00
75
60
5 00
25
50
80
2 00
25
15 00
4
^ 1
50
00
00
50
00
50
$150 00
00 00
60 00
80 00
20 00
26 00
20 00
45 00
45 00
80 00
20 00
80 00
80 00
10 00
500
10 00
400
24 00
250
12 00
10 00
1 50
12 00
800
1 50
600
8 00
5 00
10 00
800
0 00
50
00
60
800
75
2 50
50 00
25 00
150 00
45 00
15 00
25 00
10 00
25 00
20 00
10 00
6 00
7 50
18 00
8 00
18 00
600
2100
1
1
** B." — Inffmtory — Tools and Chattels — oontintidd.
1
4
1
1
1
1
12
4
9
6
12
5
18
1
8
20
1
8
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
8
6
Wood rack, hand use.
Step ladders
Sand screen
Spirit level
Wood measure ,
Dozen brick trowels. ,
Bucksaws
Picks
Shovels
Axes
Hoes
Hods
Benches • <
Stove and pipe, north cell room
Stoves, old ,
Feet lead pipe
Stove in gate house ,
Chairs do
Desk do
Wood box. .do
Lamp
Stoves on wall
do
do
High chairs on wall . . . .
Buckets on wall
Iron pump in front yard.
Gurden tool box, new . . .
Snow shovels, new
Saw bucks, new
Total.
$1 25
1 00
1 00
80
75
25
25
1 00
8 00
40
50
7 00
1 75
75
50
50
18 00
5 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
6 00
12 00
4
7
4
00
20
50
8 00
1 25
18 00
25 00
900
800
4
1
00
50
8 00
200
1 50
14 00
250
1 50
700
8 00
55 00
1 75
1 50
8 00
1,481 55
70
" B." — Inventory — JFumiture and CAoMe/^— continued.
OFFICE.
1 Safe.
1 Cocoa matting carpet
1 Clock regulator.
1 Secretary and book-case, old.
1 Bureau with cupboard, old.
1 Lounge, old.
1 Stamp.
1 Copy press.
1 Coi)y press stand.
1 Writing table.
1 Water cooler.
2 Light stands.
6 Office chairs.
1 Office turning chair.
2 Spittoons.
1 Mail basket.
1 Pail.
1 Piece oil cloth.
1 Piece zinc.
8 Lamps.
1 Hall lamp.
GUARD ROOM.
1 Stove, pipe and zinc.
1 Wardix)be.
1 Clock regulator.
2 Writing desks, old.
1 Writing table, old.
1 Pigeonhole.
1 Settee.
1 Office stool.
1 Stand.
1 Lamp.
1 Wash sink.
10 Office chairs.
2 Cane-seat chairs.
2 Pails.
71
" B." — Inventory — Furniture and Chattels — continued.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE.
1 Desk.
1 Desk and book-case, old.
1 Cupboard and book-cas6, old.
1 Wardrobe, new.
1 Office-turning chair.
2 Cane-seat chairs.
1 Quartette stand.
1 Carpet
1 Wash sink.
1 Bowl and pitcher. .
1 Looking-glass.
1 Stoye and pipe.
1 Spittoon.
1 Lamp.
COMMISSIONER'S APARTMENTS.
FABLOR. ^
1 Carpet
8 Sets curtains and fixtures.
2 Sofas, old.
1 Hat-rack.
1 Marble-top centre table.
1 Marble-top table, old.
2 Hair cloth rockers.
1 Hair cloth easy-chair.
1 Easy chair.
8 Wiflow chairs.
6 Hair cloth chairs.
6 Hair cloth chairs, old.
1 Common bureau, old.
1 Whatnot, old.
1 Light-stand, old. * ' ; L
1 Chandalier, old.
1 Stove and pipe, old.
1 Lamp, old. "' ...J '
72
^^B.^^^Invent&ry— Furniture and ChaUeh—Qontiajied.
Oommi$$iaMr*9 .^fMirtfiMn^— continued.
8ITTIKG-B00K.
1 Carpet, old.
1 Extension table.
1 Black walnut center table.
1 Lounge, new.
1 Book case.
1 Work stand.
1 Side-board.
1 Looking-glass.
1 Clock.
1 Lamp.
10 Cane-seat chairs.
1 Cane-seat Bostoii|rocker.
2 Cane-seat sewin^ockers.
1 Camp chair.
1 Light stand.
1 Common table, old.
1 RefHgerator, new.
BED-BOOM.
1 Bedstead.
1 Spring bed and mattrass.
1 Bureau.
1 Wash sink.
1 Towel rack.
1 Light stand.
1 Carpet— old.
1 Lamp.
BEI>-BO0VC.
Bedstead.
Wardrobe.
Spring mattrass.
Bureau, old.
Carpet, new.
Lamp.
Wash sink.
Towel rack.
.1 .j«
78
" B.'' — IwiseTUGry — Fumitfurt and Chattels — oontinued.
COMMITTEE ROOM.
Carpet.
Sofa.
Stoye and pipe.
Center-table.
Oyal-table.
Hair-cloth rocker, larse.
Hair-cloth rocker, small.
Hair-cloth chairs, old.
Cane-seat rocker, old.
Cane-seat chair, old.
Bedstead.
Lamp.
Spring-bed and mattrass.
Hair mattrass.
Wash-sink bureau.
Carpet in bedroom.
Looking-glass, small.
COOK'S APABTHENT.
1 Lounge.
1 Bureau, with glass.
1 Carpet, old.
1 Wardrobe, old.
1 Light stand, new.
1 Stove and pipe.
1 Blackwalnut bedstead, new.
1 Spring mattrass.
4 Cane-seat chairB, old.
1 Cane-seat rocker, old, large.
1 Cane-seat rocker, old, small.
1 Wash-sink.
1 Lamp.
n
"B." — Inventory — FumiPure and CAa^^fo— oonti»ued.
DEPUTY WARDEN»8 APARTMENT.
1 Carpet
2 Carpets, old.
1 Lounge, old.
1 Sofa.
1 What-not
1 Centre-table, old.
2 Black walnut bureaus, new.
1 Black walnut bureau, old.
1 Black walnut what-not, old.
1 Black walnut wardrobe.
1 Butternut wardrobe.
26 Cane-seat chairs.
4 Cane-seat rockers.
1 Black walnut bedstead.
1 Bedstead, good.
4 Bedsteads, common.
1 Wardrobe, old.
12 Curtains.
1 Spring bed.
1 Black walnut wash stand bureau, new.
1 Butternut wash stand bureau, new.
2 Wash stand bureaus, old.
2 Wash-sinks.
2 Wash bowls and pitchers.
2 Sewing stands.
1 Light stand.
1 Common six leg table, old.
1 Common four leg table, old.
1 Looking glass, old.
1 Clock.
1 Befrigerator.
16 Musquito frames— 1 for door, 14 for windows.
4 Lamps. , „
1 Cooking stove and pipe with new copper boiler.
1 Stove and pipe.
1 Stove and pipe, small.
76
"B." — Inventory — Furniture and CJiaUeh — continued.
MATRON'S APARTMENT.
1 Lennge, old.
1 Bureau, new.
1 Bureau, old.
1 Carpet, new.
8 Curtains.
5 Cane seat chairs, old.
1 Cane^eat rocker, old, large.
1 Cane-seat rocker, old, small.
1 Looking.fflass.
1 Stove and pipe with new zinc board.
1 Bedstead, new.
1 Spring bed and mattrass, new.
1 Bed-quilt, new.
4 Blankets.
8 Sheets.
2 Pillow ticks.
2 Pair pillow slips.
6 Towels.
1 Wash-stand, new.
1 Wash-stand, old.
1 Wash-bowl.
1 Lamp.
OFFICERS' APARTMENTS.
THIRD FLOOR.
11 Bedsteads, old.
1 Carpet.
1 Carpet, old.
26 Cane-seat chairs.
8 Cane-seat chairs, new.
1 Office chair.
2 Wood-seat rockers.
8 Cane-seat rockers.
1 Cane-seat rocker, new.
4 Common chairs, old.
4 Looking-glasses.
8 Lamps.
1 Center table, new.
2 Center tables, old.
2 Common tables, old.
1 Wash-stand bureau, new.
2 Wash-stand bureaus, old.
4 Bureaus, old.
6 Wash stands, old.
4 Light stands, old.
1 Lounge, old.
1 Wardrobe, old.
6 Bowls and pitchers, old.
4 Stoyes and pipes.
76
» B.^^^^lM}entofy'^Fumiture and ChatUh'—ooaiinu^d.
SECOND FIiOOR
2 Bureaus, old.
1 Table, old.
1 Wash stand, old.
4 Common chairs, old.
6 Cane seat chairs, new.
1 Cane seat rocker,^new.
8 Bedsteads, old.
1 Looking glass, old.
2 Lamps.
2 Stoves and pipes, old.
1 Ironing bou^ and stand, new.
FIRST FLOOR.
1 Bureau, old.
1 Wash stand, old.
1 Wardrobe, old.
1 Centre table, old.
8 Cane chairs, old.
1 Stove and pipe, old.
1 Wood box, old.
2 Wood rockers, old.
BEDDING.
1 Tow mattrass, old.
1 Cotton mattrass, old.
12 Straw ticks, old.
7 Pillows, old.
6 Pillows, new.
6 Spreads.
9 Quilts.
21 Towels.
12 Blankets, new.
86 Blankets, old.
80 Pillow slips.
86 Sheets.
CHAPEL.
1 Organ, cabinet.
1 Organ stool.
1 Chaplain's table with bible cushion, etc., new.
42 Iron frame settees, new.
2 Office chairs, new.
18 Bow back chairs, new.
1 Table and book case, old.
2 Stoves with pipe.
1 Carpet for platform.
r?
FEMALE DEPARTMENT.
1 Cooking stove and pipe.
1 Kettle, new.
1 Copper boiler, new.
1 Copper boiler, old.
1 Zinc board, new.
1 Stove and pipe.
16 Stands, old.
U Chairs, old.
5 Pine-tables, old.
6 Flat-irons.
5 Pails.
4 Wash-tables, old.
1 Wash-table, new.
1 Clothes wringer, laree.
1 Clothes wringer, medium.
1 Washing machine.
Small assortment tin-dishes, plates, cups and saucers, knives
and forks.
6 Nightbnckets.
10 Straw ticks.
21 Sheets.
16 Pillow slips and ticks.
15 Blankets.
50 Towels.
14 Blue denim dresses, new.
7 Blue denim dresses, old.
8 Bonnets, in use.
8 Under-shirts, in use.
28 Under garments, in use.
14 Pair hose, in use.
7 Pair shoes, in use.
7 Pair slippers, in use.
78
" B.*'— /nv^^ofy— -F«m<^r6 and Chattels— coniiim^d.
HOSPITAL.
1 Lot of medicinee and containers.
6 Bedsteads, old.
1 Spring mattrass.
1 Tow mattrass.
1 Stove and pipe.
1 Capboard, large, old.
1 Cupboard, smul, old.
4 Cane seat chairs.
2 Office chairs. f
2 Wood rockers.
1 Table.
1 Wash sink, old.
1 Wash basin, old.
2 Stands, old.
2 Pails, old.
12 Tin cups, new.
8 Tin cups, old.
2 Lamps.
1 Woodbox, old.
2 Night buckets.
1 Night stool.
1 Ash pail, old.
1 Lot cups and Baucers,''old.
1 Lot knives and forks, old.
1 Tea kettle.
1 Stew keUle.
1 Copper boiler, old.
4 Bea spreads. '
15 Blankets, new.
7 Ticks.
8 Sheets.
6 Pillows.
1 Dozen pillow slips.
COMMISSIONER'S KITCHEN.
1 Sink, large.
1 Sink, smfil.
1 Cupboard, old.
8 Tables, old.
1 Stand, old.
1 Looking glass, old.
1 Washing machine.
2 Stools.
8 Benches, old.
2 Clothes bars, old.
1 Cane seat sewing rocker, old. .^
8 Dozen towels, small.
1 Set Fairbanks' scales, small.
1 Dish rack.
5 Trays.
79
"B." — Inventory — Furniture and Chatteh — continued.
OFFICERS' DINING ROOM.
4 Dining tables, old.
1 Common table, old.
1 Cupboard, old.
1 Milk safe, old.
86 Common chairs, old.
1 Sink.
8 Curtains.
1 Knife box.
1 Stove and pipe.
1 Large lamp.
PRISONERS' KITCHEN.
KOBTH BOOM.
1 Stoye with cauldron kettle.
1 Meat block with bench, old.
1 Hash block, old.
5 Tubs, old.
10 PaUs, old.
2 Benches, old.
2 Chairs, old.
1 Spice mill, old.
1 Wash bowl.
1 Moj).
8 Strainers.
1 Cleaver, large.
1 Cleaver, small.
6 Butcher knives.
1 Meat saw.
1 Steel.
1 Iron spoon, large.
2 Tin dippers, laree.
1 Tin dipper, smtul.
5 Tin pans, small.
8 Tin pans, large.
8 Iron forks.
1 Ash pail.
1 Scraper.
1 Hammer.
1 Shovel and poker.
1 Broom and dost pan.
1 Meat chopping machine.
8 Trays.
80
*^B,^^—InveTUary— Furniture and ChattelB—contmaed,
PRISONERS' KITCHEN.
80T7TH BOOM.
1 Cupboard for bread, old.
1 Cupboard for spices, old.
2 CoflEee boilers, large, old.
2 Coffee boilers, new.
1 Coffee pot, old.
8 Pails.
288 Tin dishes.
1 Iron kettle, old.
4 Tables, old.
1 Office chair.
1 Water boiler, old.
1 Force pump.
2 Looking-glasses.
1 Iron scraper.
2 Bread baskets, old.
1 Bread knife.
4 Tin pans.
1 Small iron spade.
8 Sets knives and forks.
1 Oil can.
1 Wash sink, old.
4 Benches, old.
1 Writing desk, old.
1 Clock.
1 Bread trough, new.
BAKER'S ROOM.
1 Flour box.
1 Trough.
8 Yeast tubs.
1 Water pail.
2 CuUenaers.
20 Baking pans.
1 Hammer.
1 Wooden shovel.
HALL AND CELLAR.
1 Set Fairbanks' scales.
1 Meat rack and bench.
1 Swill box.
1 Potato boiler, old.
1 Refrigerator, new.
8 Baskets.
1 Dish rack.
1 Wood box.
2 Benches.
1 Carving board.
81
" B." — Inventory — Furniture and C%a^^e^a— continued.
ARMORY.
9 Springfield rifles, breach loaders.
6 Springfield rifles, old.
13 Harper's Ferry muskets, old.
6 Heavey revolvers, old.
1 Smith «& Wesson's revolver, old.
2 Colt's revolvers^ old.
4 Pocket revolvers, old.
2 Allen's revolvers, old.
SCHOOL BOOKS.
A small assorment of primary instruction books, of a value not
exceeding fifty dollars.
«
CELL ROOM.
4 Stoves and pipes with drums.
1 Boiler.
1 Desk.
1 Desk, very old.
1 Sink.
2 Ladders.
1 Pike-pole.
2 Chairs, large, old.
1 Bell.*
1 Tin oil can, large.
1 Tin oil can, smSl.
2 Lamp-fillers.
2 Dummies, old.
2 Tables, large, new.
2 Tables, large, old.
1 Zinc top lamp table, new.
1 Lot of razors, etc.
1 Cupboard for clothes, large.
1 Cupboard for books, old.
1 Ash-bucket.
4 Wood boxes.
1 Sprinkling can.
6 Water cans.
2 Fire shovels.
2 Pokers.
100 Water pails.
190 Sets knives, forks and spoons.
15 Large Lamjps.
6— St. Pbib. (Doc. 11.)
82
" B." — Inventory — Furniture and Chattels — continued.
CeU Boom— con.
200 Cell lamps, small.
220 Drinking cups.
220 Tin wash basins.
210 Night buckets.
176 Comraon chairs, old.
102 Benches, old.
22 Stands, old.
16 8tools, old.
1 Barber^s box, new.
195 Wooden spittoons.
174 Blankets, new.
158 Blankets, medium.
188 Blankets, nearly worthless.
386 Sheets.
210 Ticks.
210 Pillows.
203 Towels, small.
14 Towels, large.
170 Undershirts.
150 Undershirts, nearly worthless.
150 Pairs of drawers.
134 Pairs of drawers, nearly worthless.
200 Overshirte.
190 Overshirts, nearly worthless.
190 Pairs of woolen socks.
160 Pairs of woolen socks, nearly worthless.
285 Pairs of cotton socks.
75 Pairs of cotton socks, nearly worthless.
183 Coats.
78 Coats, nearly worthless.
130 Pairs of pants.
87 Pairs of pants, nearly worthless.
135 Vests.
60 Vests, nearly worthless.
200 Caps.
15 Pairs of overalls.
10 Overall shirts.
15 Pairs of boots.
175 Pairs of shoes.
83
" B." — Inventory — continued.
SUMMARY
Showing the amount of Personal Property in and about the
Prison, Sept. 30, 1872.
Stock in chair and cabinet shop 944, 844 16
Shoeshop 767 48
Tailor shop 2,409 19
Blacksmith shop 184 25
Stone shop 1,707 15
Tools, machinery, etc., in chair and cabinet shop 84, 551 59
Shoeshop ^ 85 39
Tailor shop 168 80
Blacksmith shop 898 61
Stoneshop 495 40
Soap house 81 90
Bam and yard .... 1,481 56
Miscellaneous merchandise 598 18
Proyisions and forage 458 80
Wood 1,195 00
Live stock 1,258 00
Furniture, etc., in various apartments 7,000 00
Ou tstanding accounts 6 , 214 06
1108, 828 96
■^r*
84
POPULATION STATISTICS.
TABLE 1.
AMOUNT OP CLOTHING FURNISHED.
October, 1871 1663 75
November, . . .do 417 60
December, ... do 608 00
January, 1872 470 00
February, ... .do 614 50
March, do 892 25
April, do 496 75
May, do 875 00
June, do 845 00
July, do 492 00
August, do 880 60
September, . . .do 511 25
Total 15,611 50
The aboYC table includes 100 going-out suits for discharged prisoners.
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Tablb 4. — JReceipts — continued.
RECAPITULATION.
COUNTIES FROM WHERE RECEIVED.
Brown 6
Chippewa 1
Columbia 8
Crawford 1
Dane 6
Dodge 2
Dunn 1
Eau Claire 1
Fond du Lac 1
Grant 8
Green 1
Jackson 8
Jefferson ; 8
Juneau 6
£enosha 8
La Crosse 7
La Fayette 1
Manitowoc 1
Marquette 1
Milwaukee 2
Monroe .> 6
Oconto 1
Outagamie 1
OzauKee 2
Pierce 2
Portage 1
Racine 1
Richland 1
Rock 8
Sauk 1
Shawano 1
St. Croix 2
Vernon 4
Walworth 8
Waukesha 2
Waupaca 1
Winnebago 6
Total 05
HABITS.
Temperate 88
Moderate 89
Intemperate 28
Total 05
96
Table 4. — Iieceipts^Iiecapitul<Utonr--contimied.
CRIMES.
Arson 3
Accessory before the fact to the crime of rape 1
Aidinff prisoners to escape 1
Assault with intent to kill 8
Assault with intent to rape 2
Assault with intent to steal 1
Burglary 6
Burglary and larceny 4
Burglary with arms 1
Burning hay stack 1
Grand larceny 3
Horse-stealing 7
Incest 1
Keeping house of ill-fame 4
Larceny 87
Manslaughter, 2d degree 1
Manslaughter, 3d degree 1
Mayhem 1
Murder 2
Obtaining money under false pretenses 4
Passing counterfeit money 4
Polygamy 1
Rape 1
Total _95
CONJUGAL RELATIONS.
Married 33
Single 54
Widowers 6
Widows 1
Divorced 1
Total 95
NATIVITY.
Native 53
Foreign 42
Total 95
SEX.
Males 90
Females 5
ToUd 95
97
Table 4 — Receipts — ^jBecapt^w/a^»on— continued.
TERMS OF SENTENCE.
During life 2
18 years 1
12 years 2
11 years 1
10 years 2
8 years 1
7 years 2
6 years 8
4i years 1
4 years 6
8 years 5
r2i years 3
* 2 years 15
1 year 10 months and 10 days 1
1 J years 2
15 months 1
1 year 27
9 months 4
8 months 4
6 months 8
Total 95
PLACE OF BIRTH.
Bohemia 1
Canada 5
Connecticut 1
Denmark 1
England 5
Germany 11
Hungary 1
Illinois 4
Indiana 2
Ireland 7
Kentucky 2
Massachusetts ... 4
New Hampshire 2
New York 12
Norway 8
Ohio 8
Pennsjlyania 7
Prussia 4
Scotland 8
Switzerland 1
Virginia 8
Vermont 1
Wisconsin 7
Total 95
7— St. Phis. (Doc. 11.)
98
Table 4. — JReceipts — SecapitulaHan — continued.
JIELIGIOUB ITSTRUCTION.
Adyentist 1
Baptist S
Catholic 38
Christian 8
Congregational 2
Episcopal 4
Pree-will Baptist 1
Jew 8
Lutheran 18
Methodist 37
None 6
Presbyterian 8
United Brethren 1
Uniyersalist 1
Total 05
EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS.
Read and write English 69
Read and write English and German 6
Read and write English, German and French 1
Read and write German 12
Read and write Norwegian 8
Read and write Bohemian 1
Read but not write 7
Neither 6
Total 05
AGES.
From 12 to 20 15
From 20 to 80 46
From 80 to 40 19
From 40 to 60 10
From 50 to 60 8
From 60 to 70
From 70 to 80 2
Total 95
COLOR.
White 91
Indian 2
Black 1
Mulatto 1
Total 95
99
Table 4. — Jteceipts — Hecapitulation-^-^ontimxed.
OCCUPATIONS.
Artist 1
Bank clerk 1
Barber 1
Bar-keeper , 1
Blacksmith . . . • 6
Brewer 1
Bricklayer 2
Bruahmaker 1
Cabinet maker 1
Carpenter 2
Clerk 1
Carriage maker 1
Chair maker 1
Circus performer ^ 1
Cook 1
Distiller 1
Farmer 21
Gas pipe maker 1
Harness maker 1
Hotel keeper 2
Hoase keeper 8
Indian Chief 1
Laborer 10
Lumberman; 4
Machinist. . ! 1
Merchant 1
Moulder 1
Painter 8
Pedlar 1
Produce dealer 1
Publisher 1
Real estate dealer 1
Sailor I 2
Sawyer 2
Sewing machine agent 1
Shoemaker 8
Showman 1
Stage driver 1
Saloon keeper 1
Stone cutter 4
Tailor 1
Teamster 1
Washwoman 1
Woolen mill operative 1
Total 95
100
TABLE 5.
PRISONERS DISCHARGED FROM OCT. 1, 1871 to OCT. 1, 1872.
*Their pardons simply restore tbem to citizenship.
No.
1450
1559
1557
1586
1558
1560
1556
1201
1393
1564
1316
1573
1551
1582
1482
1485
1608
1585
1415
1414
1496
1598
1219
1176
1596
1587
1502
1583
1431
1590
1555
1591
1544
1606
1588
1507
1620
1621
289
1508
1513
997
1254
NAine.
William Lewis
Martin Peterson
J. Wm. Wilson
Henry Peterson
John'ferown
John Hunt
Charles Johnson. . . .
Francis Cohn
Aaron Winters
William Dennis....
E. F. Barton
Merritt Bates
Thomas Ladds
William Johnson. . .
S. H. Phelps
Geo. W. Duncan...
John Lynch
Morris Hodges
Patrick Monyhan .
Humphrey Monyhan
George Henderson, .
C. W. McRea
William Bassett. . . .
Jay Holloway
Duane Crotsenberg.
Michael Higgins...
Owen Cain
Henry Brown
Jacob. Wilson
Albert C. Kenniston .
John Lynch
William Lattimer. . .
Michael Laviviere. .
Thomas Powell...
George Jarvis
John E. Shelby. . . .
Herman Mayer ....
William Mayer ....
Francis H. Stevens.
George Elliott
Marion Robinson. . .
Prudent LeMay
Patrick Kelly
Connty where
from.
Vernon
Dane
.. do
Dunn
Dane
. . .do
La Crosse . . .
Milwaukee . .
Walworth . . .
Milwaukee .
Dane
Waupaca . . .
Outagamie .
Green
Dodge
Racine
Eau Claire .
Racine
Pierce
. .do
Monroe
Pierce
Winnebago
Milwaukee . .
Rock
Dunn
Dane
Green
Monroe
...do
La Crosse . . .
Monroe
Brown
La Crosse. .. .
Chippewa . . .
La Crosse. . . .
Winnebago. .
do
Waukesha...
Walworth . . .
Vernon
Pierce
Sheboygan . .
How Discharged.
Commutation
do
do
do
do
do
do
Governor's pardon,
Commutation
do
, do ,
, do ,
do
do
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
Governor's pardon .
do
do
When
DiBchM.
Commutation
Death
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
do
do
Commutation
Death
Governor's pardon.
do
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
do
do
.. ..do
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
Governor's pardon.
do
1871.
Oct 10
Oct 12
Oct 12
Oct 17
Oct 18
Oct 18
Oct 24
*Oct 25
Oct 26
Oct 30
Oct 30
Oct 31
Nov. 2
Nov. 11
Nov.29*
Dec. 21
Dec. 23
Dec. 23
Dec.29*
Dec.29*
1872.
Jan. 1
Jan. 5
♦Jan. 9
Jan. 16
♦Jan. 19
♦Jan. 30
♦Jan. 31
Feb. 1
Feb. 7
♦Feb. 9
Feb. 9
Feb. 10
Feb. 10
Feb. 12
Feb. 19
Feb. 22
Feb. 24
Feb. 24
Mar. 4
Mar. 15
Mar. 18
Mar. 22
♦Mar. 27
101
Table 6 — Prisoners Discharged during the year — continued.
ITo.
1241
1568
1647
1662
1686
1619
1263
1576
1898
1597
1848
1563
1410
1615
1278
1486
1036
1372
1609
1283
1682
1549
1554
1618
1612
1611
1613
1614
1667
1610
1537
1467
1584
1540
1522
1646
1536
1468
1678
1677
1628
1541
1625
1310
1566
1631
1675
1570
1571
1635
1481
1553
William Lake
Jacob Miller
Wilhelm Fislier . . .
Harry Smith
James ^gan
Carl J. Christoplison
Sylvester Lattin ....
John Cooper, Jr . . . .
Henry Miller
William Butterfield.
Ross Conklin
William O'Donnell.
Hugo Kroscher
John Kellv
Adolph Blume
Eugene M. Easting.
Malcolm Wells
John McCannon
Andrew Barhyadt. . .
Abram Hall
David Hlffh
Charles Meyers
George Eeltenbach .
James Rowan
George Brown
Richard A. Stewart.
William Henderson .
Joseph Ready
John Ingrame
Geo. H. Dennis
James Johnson
Henry Parks
Dennis Lon^
Peter L. Mifier
John Copp
John Dedrick
John W. Bambrough
Robert Buckland. . .
John S. Tillotson. . ,
Nathaniel S.Outman
Charles Jones
Warren Flint
William Cross
Andrew Bauldauf . *
Peter Reise
James Buttlcr
August Degan
Hans Peter Peterson
Christ'n Rasmuessen
Henry Reckerts....
Orlando Casler
Selden Bo wen
Connty where
from.
How DiBcharged.
When dis-
charged.
Adams
La Fayette . .
St. Croix ....
Commutation
do
do
Rock
do
Columbia . . .
do
Milwaukee . .
do
Waukesha.. .
do
Waukesha...
Milwaukee . .
Columbia . . .
Milwaukee . .
Rock
Rock
La Crosse . . .
Milwaukee . .
Racine
Governor's pardon.
President's pardon.
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
do ...........
Waukesha. . .
Columbia . . .
Governor's pardon.
do
Columbia . . .
Dane
Grant
Crawford. . . .
Commutation
President's pardon.
Escaped.
La Crosse . . .
Milwaukee . .
La Crosse . . .
La Crosse . . .
Governor's pardon.
Order Suprm. Court
Commutation
do
Eau Claire ..
La Crosse . . .
Governor's pardon.
do
Richland ....
do
Monroe
Iowa
Rock
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
do ..:.
Racino
Fond du Lac.
Jefferson
Dunn
Iowa
La Fayette . .
Columbia . . .
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
do
Columbia . . .
do
Brown
Fohd du Lac
Grant
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
Milwaukee . .
Waukesha.. .
Vernon
Governor's pardon.
Commutation
do
Ozaukee ....
Columbia . . .
Columbia . . .
Expiration
Commutation
do
Outagamie . .
Dodge
Governor's pardon.
do
La (S*osse . . .
Commutation
Mar. 8
Apr. 1
Apr. 1
Apr. 1
Apr. 11
Apr. 11
Apr. 18
Apr. 15
Apr. 22
Apr, 27
♦Apr. 80
MTay 2
May 11
May 16
May 17
May 20
May 20
♦May 30
June 3
June 10
June 17
June 17
June 19
June 19
June 20
June 20
1
1
3
8
9
9
♦July
♦July
♦July
July
♦July
♦July
July 10
♦July 15
July 23
♦July 24
July 24
July 31
Aug. 4
Aug. 4
♦Aug. 5
Aug. 8
Aug. 14
♦Aug. 16
Sep. 2
Sep. 2
Sep. 0
Sep. 10
Sep. 10
♦Sep. 10
Sep. 18
Sep. 14
102
Tablb 5. — Pri$<mer$ Dueharged during year — continnecL
No.
Name.
Ooontj when
from.
How dlfchirgod.
When dis-
charged.
1548
1426
1562
1572
1624
William Hinson. . . .
Andrew H. Adams. .
John Fraser
Arthur Lee
Chas. B. Dayenport.
Crawford....
Milwaukee . .
Outagamie . .
Ck)lumbia . . .
Grant
Commutation
QoYernor*8 pardon
Commutation
....do ••..
Expiration. ........
Sept 16
Sept 22
Sept 28
Sept 26
Sept 28
RECAPITULATION.
Commutation (including 20 pardoned to restore citizenship) 78
Goremor's pardon 13
President's pardon 2
Death 2
Escaped 2
Expiration 2
Order Supreme Court 1
Total.
100
103
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Table 6. — Prison Population Exhibit — continued.
RECAPITULATION.
COLOR
White 181
Black : 2
Indian ^ 4
Total 187
NATIVITY.
Native 108
Foreign ^ ; . 79
Total 187
SEX.
Males 180
Females 7
Total 187
HABITS.
Moderate 89
Temperate 65
Intemperate 48
Total 187
CONJUGAL RELATIONS.
Single ; 110.
Married 57
Widower 16
Widow 8
Divorced 1
Total 187
Average population — ... .200}
118
TABLE 7.
LIFE MEMBERS IN PRISON OCTOBER 1, 1873.
No.
115
822
891
460
586
644
776
825
828
831
844
852
872
980
944
955
978
1039
1057
1190
1210
1818
1314
1831
1332
1844
1442
1452
1499
1518
1519
1538
1602
1606
1638
1700
Name.
Crime.
Ck>aiity when
Convicted.
Fred'k Schultz.
Edward Walsh.
Patrick Bennett
H. Schoonover. .
Patrick Crook. .
Jos. Eichinger. .
Jas. Croak
Jno. Vande Wal
Joshua Wilson.
D. S. Shearer . .
W.T.Ward....
John Pennings.
Ferd. Peglan.. .
Jacob Clear. . . .
G. Brundstetter.
Jas. Walters
Geo. Wilson....
C. H. Harney . .
Nicholas Knorr
Jas. B. Carter. . .
Jos. Deleglise. .
A. J. Howard.. .
Elias H. Reid..
Henry Bulman.
Samuel Babb...
Pat. McDonald.
Fred. Williams
Robert N. West.
Samuel Watson
M. Burcsch ....
John Hogan . . .
Wm. P. Duvall.
E. Zimmerman.
John Schroeder
*NicholasLillis.
Henry C. Rice. .
Murder
. . . do . . .
. . . do . . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do.. .
. ..do. . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do.. .
. . .do.. .
• • ■ Vft v/ • * «
. . .do. . .
. . .do.. .
...do...
. ..do. . .
. ..do.. .
. . .do.. .
. . .do. . .
Rape . .
Murder
. . .do. . .
. . .do.. .
. . .do. . .
. . .do.. .
. . .do. . .
. . .do. . .
. . .do . . .
. . .do . . .
. . . do . . «
. . .do. . .
. . . do . . .
. . . do . . .
. . . do . . .
. . . do . . .
Dodge . . .
Waushara. .
Milwaukee.
St. Croix.. .
Dodge
Manitowoc.
Dane ,
Brown . . .
Outagamie
Milwaukee.
Waushara .
Brown
Manitowoc.
La Crosse
Sheboygan
Grant
Milwaukee.
Grant
Dodge ....
La Crosse .
Shawano.. .
Milwaukee.
. . . .do ....
FondduLac
Jefferson. .
Dodffe
FondduLac
Rock
Racine
Manitowoc.
. . . .do
Walworth..
Green Lake
Milwaukee.
Oconto . . .
Columbia.
When sentenced.
Oct. 17, 1854
Oct. 9, ia57
Apr. 28, 1858
Nov.22, 1858
Apr. 6,1860
Nov. 1, 1860
Nov.14, 1863
Junel2, 1863
Junel7, 1863
July 10, 1863
Oct. 3,1862
Oct. 12, 1863
Dec. 23, 1863
May 8,1865
June 9, 1865
Sept.28, 1865
Oct 27, 1865
Mar. 23, 1866
Mar. 16, 1867
June 7, 1867
Aug.lO, 1867
May 9,1868
May 9,1868
Sept.l8, 18G8
Sept.28, 1868
Oct. 15, 1868
Nov.15, 1869
Nov.26, 1869
Apr. 9,1870
July 23, 1870
July 23, 1870
Oct. 22, 1870
Junel6, 1871
July 5,1871
Nov. 4, 1871
June 8, 1871
Oocnpfttion.
Blacksmith
Laborer.
Laborer.
Farmer.
Ham. m^kr.
Fanner.
Laborer.
Blacksmith
None.
Gambler.
Bricklayer
Blacksmith
Farmer.
Farmer.
Carpenter.
Shoemaker.
Laborer.
Physician.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Farmer.
Fisherman
Fireman.
Carpenter.
Bricklayer
Farmer.
Farmer.
Clergyman.
Housek'pr.
Farmer.
Blacksmith
Farmer.
Native 15
119
TABLE 7.
LIFE MEMBERS IN PRISON OCTOBER 1, 1873.
Nativity.
Prussia
Ireland
Ireland
Pennsylvania .. .
Ireland
Germany
Ireland
Holland
New York
New York
Missouri
Holland
Germany
Indiana
Germany
Pennsylvania . . .
New York
Kentucky
Germany
Maine
Switzerland
Wisconsin
Nova Scotia
New York
England
Ireland
Habits.
CoDjngal
lielatlons.
Moderate ...
Intemperate.
...do
Temperate..
Moderate .. .
...do
...do
Intemperate.
Moderate ...
. . .do
Temperate. .
.. .do
Moderate . . .
Intemperate.
Temperate. .
Moderate . . .
...do
Temperate . .
Moderate . . .
Temperate . .
Moderate ...
...do
Temperate. .
Intemperate.
Moderate .. .
...do
Georgia do
Ohio , Temperate. .
Ireland Moderate .. .
Bohemia do
Ireland . . .do
Pennsylvan i a . . . Temperate . .
Germany
Germany
Ireland
New Hampshire.
do
Moderate .. .
Intemperate.
Moderate ...
Married .
Widower
. . . .do . . .
Married .
Widower
Married .
Single . . .
Married .
Single.. .
Married .
....do ...
. . . do . . .
. . . .do . . .
Widower.
Married .
Single...
Married .
Widower.
Single. . .
! '. .* .'do '. '. '.
. . . .do . . .
Widower.
....do ...
Married .
— do . . .
Single...
Widower.
...do ...
Married .
Widower.
Widow. .
Widower.
Married .
, .. .do .. .
Color.
Ac:e.
BcligioDB Instrac-
tion.
White.
. . do . .
. .do . .
. . do . .
. . do . .
. . do . .
..do . .
..do ..
Indian.
White.
. . .do . .
. ..do ..
...do ..
. ..do . .
. . .do . .
. . .do . .
. ..do ..
. ..do . .
. . .do . .
. ..do ..
...do ..
. ..do . .
...do ..
... .do . .
. . . do . .
. . .do . .
Black .
White .
. . .do .
. . .do . .
. . .do . .
. . . do . .
. ..do . .
. . .do . .
. . .do . .
. . . do . .
50
45
41
38
70
43
44
24
35
82
25
26
51
24
28
45
27
50
50
24
20
21
24
52
39
54
22
34
CO
65
55
46
42
41
33
72
Lutheran.
Catholic.
Catholic.
Methodist.
Catholic.
Catholic.
Catholic.
Catholic.
Presbyterian.
Baptist.
Christian.
Catholic.
Presbyterian.
None.
Catholic.
Quaker.
Catholic.
Christian.
Lutheran.
Methodist.
Catholic.
Methodist.
Baptist.
Methodist.
Methodist.
Catholic.
Methodist.
Congregational.
Presbyterian.
Lutheran.
Catholic.
Methodist.
Lutheran.
Lutheran.
Catholic.
Christian.
Foreign 21
120
Table 7. — Life Members — continued.
RECAPITULATION.
NATIVITY.
Ireland 8
Germany 6
New York 4
Pennsylvania 8
Holland 2
Prussia
Bohemia
Eneland
Switzerland
Nova Scotia
New Hampshire
Missouri
Indiana
Kentucky
Maine
Georgia
Ohio
Wisconsin
Total
36
COUNTIES WHERE FROM.
Milwaukee 6
Dod^e 4
Manitowoc 4
Waushara 2
Brown. ... * 2
La Crosse 2
Grant 2
Fond du Lac 2
Dane
Racine
Oconto
St. Croix
Outagamie
Sheboygan
Shawano
Rock
Jefferson-
Walworth
Green Lake
Columbia
Total 86
SEX.
Male . . .
Female.
85
1
Total 36
121
Table 7. — Life Members — Recapitulation — continued,
RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION.
Catholic 13
Methodist 7
Lutheran 6
Baptist 2
Presb^rian 3
Christian , 8
ConCTegational 1
Qaaler 1
None • 1
Total _JI6
CONJUGAL RELATIONS.
Married 15
Single 9
Widower 11
Widow 1
Total 36
AGES.
From 20 to 30 11
30 to 40 6
40 to 50 8
50 to 60 7
60 to 70 2
70 to 80 2
Total 36
HABITS.
Moderate 20
Temperate 10
Intemperate 6
Total 36
COLOR.
White \ 34
Black 1
Indian 1
Total 36
m
TABLE 8.
EXHIBIT OP UNITED STATES PRISONERS.
PBI80IT POPTTLATION.
Name.
Connty where
Convicted.
When Sentenced.
Term,
Crime.
Gfaas. E. Douglas .
Wm. McPherson .
George Thompson
Hen^ Hopkins . .
Ed. C. Griswold . .
^Milwaukee.
.... do
. . . .do
Dane
.... do .....
Sept 22, 1869
Sept 22, 1869
Feb. 9,1870
Feb. 28, 1871
June 28, 1871
Mar. 14, 1872
June 25, 1872
7 years
7 years
6 years
5 years
5 years
5 years
10 years
Pass. ct. money.
Pass, ct money.
Pass, ct money.
Pass, ct money.
Pass, ct money.
Pass, ct money.
Pass, ct money.
Geo. A. Thrall....
N.B. Latta
. . .do
. . . .do
DISCHARGED.
Name.
Ho\«.
When.
Jav Hollowav
Commutation
Jan. 16,1872.
Apr. 22,1872.
June 10, 1872.
Henry Miller
President's pardon
President's pardon
Abram Hall
Amount received from the United States for support of above
mentioned prisoners $1 ,601 26
123
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124
Table 9 — Showing number and how discharged — continued.
RECAPITULATION.
Per cent.
Commutation
Expiration
Governor's pardon
President's pardon
Death
Suicide
Escaped
Order supreme court
Order secretary war
Writ of habeas corpus
Kemoved to insane asylum
Kemoved to State Industrial School
Total
126
STATISTICAL TABLES.
Showing the various characteristics and relations of prisoners
received since the organization of the Prison — said statistics
dating back to the reception of each prisoner.
COUNTIES WHERE SENTENCED. '
Adams 6
Brown 85
Buffalo 3
Calumet 2
Chippewa 6
Clark 2
Columbia 59
Crawford 21
Dane 108
Dodge 60
Douglas 1
Dunn 5
Eau Claire 14
Fond du Lac 43
Grant 56
Green 12
Green Lake 7
Iowa 21
Jackson 13
Jefferson ^ 52
Juneau 17
Kenosha 26
Kewaunee 1
La Crosse 71
LaFayette 14
Manitowoc 18
Marathon 2
Marquette 12
Milwaukee 551
Monroe 23
Oconto 5
Outagamie 14
Ozaukee 3
Pepin 4
Pierce 8
Polk 3
Portage 8
Racine 70
Richland 7
Rock 117
Sauk 16
Shawano 3
Sheboygan 14
St. Croix 11
126
Statistical Tables — Counties where Sentenced'—conimued.
Trempealeau 3
Vemon 20
Walworth 47
Washington ... % 8
Waakesha : 40
Waupaca 9
Waushara 6
Winnebago 29
Wood 2
Total 1,718
NATIVITY.
AHERICA17B.
Alabama 3
Arkansas 3
Connecticut 14
Florida 2
Georgia 3
Illinois 32
Indiana 14
Iowa 4
Kentucky 15
Louisiana 4
Maine I, 19
Mar}'land 3
Massachusetts 33
Michigan 21
Mississippi 2
Missouri 13
New Hampshire 12
New Jersey' 8
New York 382
North Carolina 6
Ohio 99
Pennsylvania 82
Rhode Island 1
South Carolina 3
Tennessee 3
Texas , 1
Vermont 88
Virginia 21
Wisconsin 82
Total 923
127
Statistical Tables — Nativity — contiuued.
FOREIGN.
Atlantic Ocean 2
Belgium 2
Bohemia 11
Canada 78
Denmark 11
England 67
France 7
Germany and Prussia 293
Holland 11
Hungary 8
Isle of Man ; 2
Ireland 229
Jamaica ' 1
Mexico ~ , . . 2
New Foundland 1
Norway 28
Nova Scotia 6
Sandwich Islands 1
Scotland 15
Sweeden / 6
Switzerland 12
Wales 7
Total 795
RECAPITULATION.
Total.
Per cent.
American
923
795
53.72
Foreiim
46.28
A^sresrate
1,718
100.00
128
Statistical Tables — continued.
AGES.
Under 12 years 3
From 12 to 20 340
From 20 to 80 753
From 30 to 40 367
From 40 to 50 156
From 50 to 60 74
From 60 to 70 18
From 70 to 80 7
Total 1,718
COLOR.
White 1,661
Black . 46
Indian 6
Mulatto 5
Total 1,718
SEX.
Males 1,620
Females 98
Total 1,718
129
Statistical Tables — continued.
CRIMES.
Accessory before the fact to the crime of rape 1
Adultery 11
Aiding prisoners to escape 1
Altering and forging U. o. treasury notes 3
Arson 53
Assault with intent to kill 70
do maim 3
do rape 32
do steal 10
Bigamy 3
Breaking church 1
Burglary 220
Burglary and larceny 15
Burglary with arms ; 5
Burning hay-stack 1
Claiming and opening letters 3
Counterfeiting 49
Desertion 1
Embezzlement 20
Forgery 30
Fraud... 1
Illegal voting 1
Incest 10
Keeping house of ill-fame 21
Larceny of different grades 883
Manslaughter, Ist degree .... 15
do 2d . .do 16
do 8d..do 27
..do 4th. .do 10
Mayhem.' 2
Murder, 1st degree 68
Murder, 2d degree 6
Murder, 3d degree 3
Obtaining money under false pretenses 13
Passing forged order 1
Perjury 6
Placing obstructions on railroad track 4
Poison mg wells 1
Polygamy 14
Prisofi breaking 5
Rape 29
Receiving stolen goods 5
Robbery 45
Seduction , 2
Sodomy 4
Total 1,718
PERCENT.
Crimes against person 20.37
Crimes against property 79.63
Total 100.00
9— 8t. Pmb. (Doc. 11.)
130
Statiatical Tables — continued.
SENTENCES.
Daring life 71
^ years 1
15 years 2
14 years 2
13 years 4
12 years 14
11 years ^ 1
10 years and 6 months 1
10 years 33
9 years and 6 months 1
9 years 2
8 years 11
7 years and 5 days 1
7 years 26
6 years and 6 montlis 1
0 years 9
5 years and 6 months 1
5 years 67
4 years and 6 months 1
4 years 60
3 years and 6 months 4
3 years and 1 day 1
3 years 141
2 years and 11 montlis 1
2 years, 6 montlis and 10 days 1
3 years and 6 months 27
2 years and 4 months 1
2 years and 3 months 5
2 years and 10 days 1
2 years and 5 days 3
2 years and 3 days 3
2 years and 1 day 2
3 years 374
year and 11 months 1
year, 10 months and 10 days 1
year, 10 months and 5 days 1
year and 10 months 2
year andO months 3
year and 8 months 3
year, 6 months and 5 dnys 1
year and 6 months 68
year and 5 months 3
year and 4 months 5
year and 3 months 10
year and 2 months 1
year, 1 month and 7 days 1
year and 1 montli 1
year and 10 days 6
year and 3 days 2
year and 1 day 8
year 572
0 months 8
9 months 17
131
Statistical Tables — continued.
Sentsnees — continued .
8 years and 1 day 2
8 years 18
6 years and 8 days 2
6 years and one day 2
6 years IIG
Total 1 ,718
Aggregate amount of sentencesi exclusiye of life.
Average sentences, exclusiye of life.
OCCUPATIONS.
Agent 1
Artist 8
Baker 18
Bank clerk 2
Barber 13
Barkeeper 8
Basket-maker • 1
Blacksmith 51
Boatman 1
Boiler-maker 1
Bookbinder 8
Book-keeper 10
Boot and shoe fitter 2
Box-maker 1
Brakeman 1
Brewer 8
Bricklayer .■ 5
Brickmaker 1
Brushmakcr 4
Butcher 17
Cabin boy 1
Cabinet-maker 18
Carpenter 76
Oarriage-maker • 1
Chair-maker 2
Cigar-maker 9
Circus performer 1
Clergyman 4
Clerk 29
Clock-maker 2
Clothier 2
Confectioner 1
Cook 22
Cooper 18
Coppersmith 1
Dance performer 1
Daguerrean artist 2
Daguerrean case-maker 1
Dentist 1
Detective 1
Distiller 2
132
Statistical 7ad/e«— continued.
Oeeupatians — continued.
Draftsman 1
Drayman 8
Dressmaker 4
Druffgist 1
En^eer. 10
Farmer 480
Finisher 4
Fireman 6
Fisherman.' 6
Gambl er 1
Gardener 4
Gas-fitter 1
Gas pipe maker 1
Glove maker 1
Goldsmith 1
Gunsmith 2
Hackdiiver 1
Harness maker 16
Horse farrier 1
Horse shoer 1
Hostler 8
Housekeeper 45
Indian chief 1
Jeweler 5
Laborer 290
Land agent 1
Lawyer 4
Livery stable keeper 1
Lock maker 1
Lumberman 26
Machinist..... 15
Manufacturer of musical instruments 1
Mattrass maker 1
Mason 15
Merchant 4
Miller 10
Milliner 2
Millwright 1
Miner 6
Moulder 5
Newsboy 4
None 28
Painter 88
Paper folder 1
Paper maker 1
Pedlar , 8
Physician 18
Photographer 1
Plasterer 1
Porter 8
Printer 10
Produce dealer 1
Publisher 2
Raftsman 6
Raihroader 8
133
Statistical TaJ/e«— continued.
Occupations— contiimed.
Railroad contractor 1
Bailroad overseer 1
Heal estate dealers 2
River boatman 5
River pilot 1
Sailor 91
Saloon keeper 4
Sash and blind maker 1
StLwyer 3
School teacher 1
Seamstress 12
Servant 81
Sewing machine agent 1
Shingle maker 1
Ship carpenter 6
Shoe maker 49
Showman 4
Silk manufacturer 1
Silversmith 8
Slater 2
Soap maker 1
Soldier 10
Stage driver 5
Steamboatman 1
Stonecutter 16
Stone mason 8
Store keeper 5
Tanner 1
Tailor 14
Tailoress 1 1
Tavern keeper G
Teacher 1
Teamster 28
Telegraph operator 1
Ticket agent 1
Tinsmith 4
Tool-maker 1
Traveling agent 1
Turner 1
Tjrpeist 1
upholsterer 1
Vagrant • 1
Wagon maker 6
Wash woman 2
Watch maker 2
Weaver 0
Well dagger 1
Wheat buyer 1
Wheel-wTight 1
Woolen mul operative 1
Total 1,718
lU
STATE OF WISCONSIN, Dodge County, ss.
George F. Wheeler, State Prison Commissioner, being duly
sworn, says, that the contents of the foregoing report by him
subscribed, are just and true, according to the best of his knowl-
edge and belief.
GEO. F. WHEELER,
State Prison Commissioner.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 30th^day of Septem-
ber, 1872.
L. D. HINKLEY,
^otar^lPublic.
CHAPLAIN'S REPORT.
It has been the established policy of our worthy Commis-
sioner, Hon. G. F. Wheeler, to execute the sentence of the law
upon the unfortunate victims of crime committed to his charge,
in the the spirit of kindness, commiseration and pity. Daily
observation and years of experience, and his long official con-
nection with this institution as State Prison Commissioner, have
all conspired to lead him, not only to embrace the theory, but
• to adopt the law of kindness as the rule in the administration
of prison discipline.
He has demonstrated the correctness of the theory that while
a severe mode of discipline may coerce an unwilling submission
to the rules and regulations of prison life, it never tends to the
reformation of the prisoner, but, on the contrary, it has a uni-
form tendency to keep alive the fires of hate and revenge —
ready at the first favorable opportunity to break from all re-
straint with uncontrollable fury, and sometimes with most de-
plorable consequences. It is to this mild and humane policy of
our prison discipline that I am mostly indebted for what success
has attended my department of this institution.
In regard to the moral and religious department of the prison,
it gives me great pleasure to report this department of the insti-
tution in as prosperous and healthy condition as at any time
since my official connection with it. Notwithstanding, we were
deprived of the use of the chapel for many weeks during the
summer, and compelled to worship in a room temporalily fitted
up for our accommodation, yet the prospect of a speedy return
to better quarters, inspired us with courage to prosecute our
work with unabated zeal and uniform cheerfulness.
136
" After many days " we returned to the chapel, and found all
the old familiar andj dilapidated furniture had been removed,
and new and beautiful fixtures gave us a friendly greeting.
The organ pealed forth sweet strains of lofty music, again, as if
newly inspired with the spirit of the ancient bards, and every
heart responded with increased emotions of thanksgiving and
praise. These pleasant surroundings, attended by strains of
beautiful music echoing the praise of God, in lofty hymn and
song, loaded with the inspiring sentiments of Christian joy and
hope, must lift up the sad heart of the despairing convict, re-
kindle the fires of expiring aspiration, melt the soul into
penitence, and send it burning with Christian devotion to the
throne of the Eternal.
We have public religious services in the chapel every Sabbath
morning at 10^ o'clock. This meeting is attended by all the
convicts, both male and female. This service is also attended
by many outside people who are also permitted to attend all our
public meetings. Many Christian people are frequently seen
mingling in our devotions. Their presence and sympathy
cheers us on and strengthens our hands in the great work com-
mitted to our trust. Their presence not only does us good, but
steals over this unfortunate congregation with the effect of the
distant, but approaching friendly sail, to the eye of the ship-
wrecked mariner. It softens the hardest heart, as it brings to
his mind his once happy, but now desolate home and loved ones,
and better days once enjoyed by all, but from some, now passed
away forever.
The chapel itself deserves notice in this report, and I am
happy to say that it is a convenient and beautiful room, the walls
replastered and finished in the most durable"', manner; the
trimmings are beautiful and the seats comfortable. The
platform, pedestals and singing seats, covered with beautiful
carpet and a new desk, which for beauty of design and complete-
ness of workmanship, is not surpassed by anything of the kind
in this part of the state.
In our morning service, we are governed by the same order
which is observed in outside congregations. We are greatly
137
indebted to those of our friends from the outside, who com-
pose a large proportion of our choir, and who by their excellent
music contribute greatly to the interest of our services.
I must not forget Mr. West, a convict for life, in this institu-
tion, who is also a member of our choir, and whose superior
qualifications both as a singer and as a musician have won for
him the respect of all.
All who have attended our religious services will, I have no
doubt, agree with me, that a more attentive and interested con-
gregation can no where be found. During my ministry of more
than six years in this prison, I have never seen an indication of
impious levity, or an instance of apparent contempt for reli-
gious ordinances. They listen with deep and earnest attention,
and often with deep emotion. I am convinced that there is a
greater amount of deep conscious feeling on religious subjects in
this than in congregations in general, and judging from what is,
injother congregations, deemed satisfactory evidence, I have no
doubt that genuine conversions are frequent. Incentives to
deception are found here, but no giusater than on the outside.
I organized the prison church some time in February, 1868, with
a membership of six or eight persons. During that year the
class increased so rapidly, that before the year closed I was
compelled to make two classes, and meet them on alternate
Sabaths, and have continued so to do since that time.
Our social meetings are held in the chapel, at from 3^ to 4^
o'clock Sabbath evening. To these meetings none are admitted
but such as profess a saving faith in Christ, or who are striving
for the hope of the gospel — "By breaking off their sins by
righteousness, and their iniquities by turning to the Lord."
These meetings are mostly conducted by the convicts them-
selves. All are permitted to contribute to the interest of the
meeting by speaking, singing, and prayer. And they make
them truly interesting, and sometimes greatly affecting. Never
will these seasons be forgotten — ^at least, not by me. To see
scores of rough men, men unaccustomed to weep, subdued and
humbled in view of their sinful condition, and pleading in deep
138
agony for mercy and pardon, is truly affecting. This, more than
anything, illustrates the saying, " This man receiveth sinners."
Since the organization of the prison church, there have been
admitted to membership and received the rights of christian
fellowship, 158 persons. During the same time, there have been
honorably discharged from our communion, 84 members. Of
these, I am happy to say that not one, so far as I can ascertain, has
ever been returned to this or any other prison ; but, on the con-
trary, I know of many who are occupying places of trust and
profit, and enjoy the confidence of the community where they
are now doing an honorable business. They are now building
up and industriously laboring to redeem, by honest industry,
what they lost by a reckless life. They are also working in the
Sabbath schools and churches with which they have connected
themselves, and have won the confidence of the Christian people
among whom they live.
Since my last report, I have received into society, 22 persons,
and in the same time have discharged 18, which leaves a present
membership of 34 in good standing. Some, like too many out-
side, " fall out by the way ;" and some — ^yea, many — ^give good
evidence of genuine piety, by uniform Christian deportment.
"By their fruits ye shall know them." But why should we
doubt? Has the gospel lost its power to save bad men, in or
out of prison? Before we admit this conclusion, let us ask.
Prayer was the last that fell upon the ear of the dying Saviour.
Faintly He heard the accents of prayer for pardon and salvation
from the lips of a dying malefactor ; and Jesus lingered in the
pang of His crucifixion and the more terrible agony of His soul
made an offering for sin,' that He might save a repentant convict.
The prison school was instituted under authority of law in the
year 1867,and has been in constant and successful operation since
that time. Prison schools and the education of convicts in our
penal institutions are no longer experiments with uncertain
results. The utility of educating the ignorant in our prison
population is becoming more and more convincing every year,
and I believe it is soon to become one of the prominent agencies
in prison reform. Its good results are not*alone realized by
139
the prisoners themselves, but every part of the institution is
correspondingly benefited by it. In the same proportion as
the minds of these men are educated and enlightened, and they
are made to feel the inspiration of new and more elevating
thoTights and ideas, and wider and loftier views of manhood
open to the mind, self-respect returns to the soul, and good
order and better discipline are secured. It is truly remarkable
that for the whole term of five years that this school has been in
operation, with a membership of from 40 to 70 scholars, not one
solitary breach of order has occurred; but all have behaved
with propriety. There are taught in our prison school, all the
common branches of education, such as reading writing, spell-
ing, arithmetic, both mental and written, geography and gram-
mar. The school is classed as follows: One class in primer;
one second reader; the remainder in third reader; one class in
geography and grammar; all study arithmetic, and all practice
writing.
There have been admitted to the school since its organization,
268 scholars. There have been admitted since my last report,
35. I have discharged in the same time, 38, leaving at this time
a membership of 42. The school was never doing better than
at the present time.
Since our return to the chapel, greater interest is manifested
in all the classes and studies of the school. I cannot leave this
subject without expressing and acknowledging my indebtedness
to those from among the convicts who have, as teachers, ren-
dered me great assistance in the prosecution of my work. These
teachers exhibit great interest in this new enterprise, and seem
anxious to elevate their more unfortunate associates to that
plane where ignorance shall no longer be an incentive to vice.
I am permitted, for the first time since my official connection
with this institution, to report the existence of a prison library,
a blessing not in disguise, but a blessing long delayed. Though
every convict is supplied with a bible — and I am pleased to
know that they are generally read by them — ^yet there is a
longing for general reading, and mental gratification, which
only a variety of reading can furnish. The authorities have or-
140
dered made a new and beautifully finished case for the recep-
tion and accommodation of this new and valuable library, and I
anticipate great pleasure in making my first distribution from
this fine selection of books, which will be as soon as possible.
For the aggregate cost of the library, I respectfully refer you
to the Commissioner's report.
The library consists of 451 volumes, carefully selected, and
embracing a wide field of general reading and information.
Included in this collection of books, are many valuable and
choice works from the pen of the most eminent writers in this
and other countries, upon the subjects of religion, history,
biography, literature and science. Truly, the good people of
"Wisconsin do not forget even those who forget themselves.
All these benevolent and humane provisions for the comfort
and welfare of our prison population are, in my opinion, greater
preventives of crime, in the future of these convicts, than the
sentence that confines them here.
The mildness of our prison discipline; the sabbath with its
rest and teachings ; then, the school with its chances of obtain-
ing an education; the library, rich with books suited to the
wants of all, selected with care from all parts of the country
and world — truths of interest and of vast importance shine
from every page. If convicts come here ignorant, they are
urged, and encouraged, and assisted to learn to read and write.
They have constantly pressed upon their attention the import-
ance of improvement, and encouraged to reform, and hope for a
brighter future.
I cannot in justice close this report without expressing my
.sincere thanks to our worthy Commissioner and his subordinate
officers for their uniform kindness and cheerful cooperation,
without which I could have accomplished nothing with credit
to myself or with profit to those for whose welfare I labor.
Respectfully submitted.
HENRY DREW,
Chaplain.
PHYSICIAFS REPORT.
I present the following as my annual report of the medical
department of Wisconsin State Prison, for the year ending-
September 30, 1872.
The number of prisoners during the year has been two hun-
dred and eighty. The average number, about two hundred.
But two deaths have occurred since the last report, Charles
McCray, aged 33 years, who was in feeble health on admission,
suffering from rheumatism and scrofulous disease of the lungs,
died January 5th of pulmonary consumption. The other, Jacob
Wilson, aged 81 years^ subject to attacks of asthma, contracted
a severe cold, which induced congestion of the lungs, of which
disease he died February 7th.
The health of the prisoners has been as good as in any similar
institution in the country. No epidemic disease has prevailed.
The vigilance of the officers in charge has been particularly^
active in averting disease, by requiring personal cleanliness,,
disinfecting the cells frequently, and causing the food to be well
cooked, and of a wholesome character, and clothing to be warm
and comfortable.
I think education is one of the principal effects, in reformings
the unfortunate; it has a tendency to inspire new thoughts, in-
duce higher aims for self respect and personal improvement, and
contributes very much to contentment and discipline of prison
life.
All aid has been rendered the prisoners, that could be under
the circumstances, to improve their condition, both moral and
spiritual. They have been furnished with books and papers, and
142
have had the advice and teachings of the able Chaplain, in moral
and religious instruction. We hope and trust, that the influ-
ence of this instruction will lead them with a true and honest
purpose, to better lives, for future usefulness and honest indus-
try. That such men are better prepared to go forth into the
world, there can be no question.
I wish to call especial attention to the subject of insanity,
which seems to be fearfully on the increase, not only in com-
munity at large, but in our penal institutions. It is reasonable
to suppose that the normal conditions of the minds and dispo-
sitions of men are differently constituted. Persons under the ex-
citement of passion often lose themselves, and perform acts,
and give utterance to language which in calmer moments they
would not allow themselves. If these passionate excitements
are not restrained, they gain more and more power to subdue
the will while the resolution grows weaker, and gradually the
subjection of the will to excited feelings, increases, and the
derangement is continued, until the disorder is fixed, and the
mind becomes insane.
The increase of insanity is undoubtedly owing a great deal to
the high and varied developments of the emotions. Says a late
writer, "all the circumstances conspire to intensify the feelings;
pride, ambition, fear, grief, domestic trouble, speculation, re-
verse of fortune, intoxication, political excitement, all have a
tendency to intensify the emotions, and worse than all, our edu-
cation, instead of being a system of self-control and systematic
course of discipline, is conducted in the same spirit of
excitement."
I think it will be admitted, that a fruitful source of insanity
in our penal institutions, may be incident to the degradation of
a public trial, the remorse of the crime itself, and the disgrace
brought upon relations and friends. Propensities of character
which have been kept under restraint by reason or external cir-
cumstances, may by, and often are developed by confinement.
Moral or emotional insanity, as a distinct disease, is now well
known by our medical men, and it often introduces the unfor-
tunate individual to confinement in our jails and prisons, where.
143
sooner or later, intellectual disturbances take place, which only
were required to have been developed in society at large. The
possibility is that the disease may have existed at the time, and,
perhaps, sugge sted the perpetration of the crime itself.
Moral insanity is not a disease which begins and ends, except in
rare instances in the same act of outrage and crime. ^^ The act may
come like an avalanche which has been preparing under the accu-
mulating snow of years." A person may go through life, main-
taining an even contest with the hereditary gift of an insane tem-
perament, circumstances are favorable, and the will keeps watch
and ward to prevent any public display of emotion. But a
crisis comes, when the will stops or is overpowered by some ex-
citing cause, and the fair fabric of a life goes down in ruins.
Still the disease was there before, and remains there after
the downfall, ingrained into the most intimate texture of the
brain.
Those who have paid any attention to the predisposing causes
of insanity, cannot fail to have observed the influence of neg-
lected moral training in early youth. The neglect of moral
indisciple gives to the passions and emotions an undue ascend-
ancy, and allows violent tempers to be formed, on which the
exciting causes of mental derangement have a much greater
influence than on persons whose feelings and desires act under
the guidance of an enlightened moral culture. It has been
found by investigation that the great mass of criminals is com-
posed of persons whose childhood and youth were spent in the
uncontrolled exercise of their vicious instincts.
Humanity, as well as law, is alike interested in the convict.
Unless insanity is to be made a universal door of escape for
criminals, and unless community is to be called upon to chron-
cle many a disastrous stroke in social life, the definition and de-
cision of insanity must be left with those who have made it a
study, and are familiar with it from daily practice.
This subject is certainly deserving the earnest study and
careful attention of the reformer, the philanthropist and the
jurist, as illustrating the connexion of insanity and crime.
144
I wish to call your attention to a tabular statement of the in-
sane at present in confinement in the prison.
In concluding this report, I cannot refrain from speaking of
the Commissioner and Deputy Warden, who have at all times
given great attention to the improvement and reformation of
the prisoners under their charge, by the law of kindness and
humanity, to inspire a sense of self respect, which will have a
beneficial effect after they leave the prison walls.
To the officers of the institution, I consider myself under
many obligations.
H. L. BUTTERFIELD, M.D.,
Prison Physician,
145
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« t- «« 2
DOCUMENT No. 12.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT
OP THE
WISCONSIN
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS,
For the year ending October lo, 1872.
MANAGERS.
• Ttrm% expire on t?ie 8(2 of April, 1878.
WM. BLAIR, Waukesha, EDWARD O'NEILL, Milwaukee.
Term expires on the Zd of Aprils 1874.
CHARLES R. GIBBS, Whitewater.
Terms expire on the M of Aprils 1875.
ANDREW E. ELMORE, Green Bay,
SAMUEL A. HANDLES, Waukesha.
Regular Meetings of the Board held on the second Wednesday in Jan-
uary, April, July and October-
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
EDWARD O'NEILL President.
WM. BLAIR Vice President.
ANDREW E. ELMORE Treasurer-
CHARLE8 R. GIBBS Secretary.
OFFICERS OF THE SCHOOL:
A. D. HENDRICKSON Stjterintendent.
Mrs. O. D. HENDRICKSON Matron.
The Wisconsin Industrial Scliool for Boys, is situated about three-
fourths of a mile west of the railroad depot, in the village of "Waukesha,
the county-seat of Waukesha county, Wisconsin. It was organized as a
House of Refuge, and opened in 1860. The name was afterwards changed
to State Reform School, and again to Wisconiin Industrial School for
Boys, its present title. The buildings are located on the southern bank
of Fox river, in view of the trains as they pass to and from Milwaukee
and Madison, presenting an attractive front to the traveling public, and
furnishing the best evidence of the parental care of the State authorities
for the juvenile delinquents within our borders.
MANAGERS' REPORT.
To his Excellency C. C. Washburn,
Governor of the State of Wisconsin:
The Board of Managers of the Wisconsin Industrial School
for Boys have the honor to present this, their annual report^ for
the year ending October lOth, 1872 :
The number in school at the beginning of the year was —
Boys^ 237 ...^
Girls a ....
Total 239
Number received during the year — boys 107
Escaped last year, returned do 0
Returned from out on ti(;ket do. 1
Whole number in school during year ', 34T
Whole number in school since July, 1860 886^
Returned to parents on ticket , 85
Out to place on ticket —
Boys 21
Girls 2
Total 23
Escaped 10
Term of commitment expired 0
Fully and honorably discharged 0
Deaths 1
Number in school October Ist, 1872 278
ToUl 347
EXPENDITURES.
Our expenditures for the year have amounted
to the sum of
Which has been expnded on the following ac-
counts :
For amusements and means of instruction . . .
Clothing
Medical services, drugs and medicines
Farm expenses
Fuel ;
House furnishing
Live stock
Lights (exclusive of fixtures)
Postage, insurance^freight, livery, telegrams,etc.
Manufacturing expenses
Micellaneous purposes
Bepairs
Permanent improvements
Subsistence
.Salaries and wages
Farm implements
Managers
Total
$1,235 05
8,266 35
214 65
833 66
2,571 40
1,245 06
600 00
125 45
556 02
1,864 29
639 52
1,694 42
1,644 54
8,759 68
10,819 04
81 28
388 30
$36,538 71
$36,538 71
In reviewing the history of the Industrial School for the past
year, the subject of the unusual and unexpected increase in the
number of inmates first presents itself. We certainly expected
an increase, but not such as we have realized, or we should have
asked for means to provide for their accommodation. It
is difficult to convey to any one unfamiliar with institutions like
this, a clear idea of the consequences growing out of this influx
upon us. In order to make room for the newly committed boys,
we had no alternative but to send away many wko ought to have
been retained. Those sent away were selected from among the
boys farthest advanced in reformation of character and in ability
to aid in their own maintenance, but after all, the necessities
of our condition furnished the reason for removing them,
rather than any fitness in themselves to justify it. Of course,
they were among our older and larger boys. Sending them
away lessens the working power of the school in all its depart-
ments. Average of age, deportment, tone of manners, the
general physique of the school — all are lowered, and visitors
are at once struck with the thought that a school which has been
in existence so long ought to exhibit stronger marks of improve*
ment than we can with the new and young recruits to which we
are reduced by reason of having made no provision for our
changed condition.
This is to be regretted, but it is not the worst view of the mat-
ter ; the boys sent from here to make room for new comers, are
exposed to the danger of losing the good we have been able to
impart to them, and relapsing into the condition from which we
have only partially rescued them. Experience teaches that a
second attempt to reform such boys is like that of the physician
to relieve a patient from a second attack of disease more diffi-
cult than the first, and much less likely to succeed. The send-
ing away boys only partially reformed, without stability of
character, or the power to resist temptation, or their natural
propensities to do wroug, is calculated to weaken and destroy
the confidence of the community in this and kindred institu-
tions, a consideration entitled to some weight in a government
of the people.
There is another fact worth mentioning, when we come to
consider the productive value of the labor of these boys. Those
in the school at the date of our last report, averaged a little be-
low fourteen years of age ; those committed since average
twelve and one-fourth years of age ; as their numbers increase,
their ages decrease. Our rooms are generally so crowded as to
hinder or seriously embarrass all attempts to preserve order, or
enforce such rules as are necessary for the government of any
class of boys. Our family sitting-rooms and our assembly-room
have come to resemble a crowded camp, rather than a place
where one is expected to learn good manners or morals.
Any one who has attempted to control nearly three hundred
boys in a room intended only for less than two-thirds of that
number, can appreciate the difficulty; and when it is remem-
bered that this is to be repeated seven days in the week for
fifty-two weeks in the year, it will not be regarded as an over-
statement. Boys who have been trained in the rowdyism of the
crowded assemblies in the theatres, concert-rooms or political
gatherings of our cities and larger towns, are often sent here;
6
they find it difficult to abstain from the amusements to which
they have been accustomed when the chances are presented so
often and so temptingly. The average boy of the school is very
willing to follow in the footsteps of those educated in the city.
When it is remembered that our ranks are recruited from those of
the ungoverned boys of the whole State, that they are sent here
because they cannot be properly disciplined elsewhere, it would
seem entirely reasonable to expect that sufficient means, room
and facilities should be furnished to accomplish, if possible, the
purposes of their commitment. In our last report we congratu-
lated ourselves and the State authorities that we hoped to be
able to get through the year without the erection of any new
buildings. We are sure now that we erred; we ought to have
erected two family buildings, and an addition to the main build-
ing, giving us room to retain those we had, and providing for
those since committed to us.
This would have saved to the boys sent away the advantages
of the school, and to the boys since brought here the salutary
influence of those sent away, and this is by no means small or
contemptible. It would have enabled the Superintendent and
those in charge to have, to some extent, disarmed criticism and
kept up the standard of reformation in the school. We are able
to report another year of health among the inmates. Only one
death has occurred, and that of a colored boy who had been for
a long time suffering with a disease of the lungs brought with
him from the South, when he followed our army " home from the
war." We call attention to the fact that our medical bills are
so small when the number of inmates is so large, of such a class
and crowded into such close quarters. We attribute the con-
tinued good health of the boys to the attention that is paid to
their habits of personal neatness, frequent, regular and thorough
bathing, to careful and judicious nursing, in all those numerous
attacks of sickness to which boys are subject, and to a plain,
palatable and plentiful diet. The visitors record shows a large
increase during the year; thousands instead of hundreds have
been here to see and judge, approve or disapprove. We are glad
to see the interest of the public increase as our numbers in-
crease; it will result in good to all concerned.
7
For particulars in reference to the productions of the farm,
garden, shops, etc., reference is made to the reports of the su-
perintendent and his assistants, presented herewith.
The results may be regarded as satisfactory upon the whole,
when the reduced condition of the labor power in the sohool,
and the severe drouth of the season are remembered. With the
exception of roots, the crops are fair — the condition in which
they are saved cannot well be improved. All the live stock be-
longing to the institution are in good condition. The product-
ive power of the land is increasing every year by the liberal use
of manure, produced on the farm and purchased in the neighbor-
hood. The supply of vegetables for the daily use of the in-
mates is made as abundant as we are able to make it, and adds
to the comfort and health of the boys, while furnishing health-
ful employment for quite a number. We refer again to the
matter of cane seating, a branch of industry only recently in-
troduced here. We regard it as highly now as when we alluded
to it in our former report. It furnishes for many of our boys
the only means within our reach or knowledge to keep them
from idleness much of the time.
We have no causes for discouragement except those growing
out of our crowded condition. We have been compelled to
part with some boys we would recall. We could have pre-
sented to visitors a very diflFerent exhibit if we could have
retained them. As it is, some of them are within, some beyond
our reach. We have looked into the matter of building, have pre-
pared sketches and estimates, and arrived at the conclusion that
we can erect two family buildings of the character needed, and
an addition to the main building, affording school, assembly,
lodging rooms, office, etc., etc., and furnish the same, with the
sum of forty thousand dollars, in addition to the sum of three
thousand dollars, now in the treasurer's hands.
We estimate our current expenses for the year 1873 at $42,000 00
From which deduct amount due from counties, with amount
estimated to be on hand at close of the year 8,500 00
Which will leave for the year |33, 500 00
8
Add for three months, to April 1st, 1874 10,500 00
Total 144.000 00
To which add for building purposes 40,000 00
Amount to be appropriated $84,000 00
We have in accounts due and in manufactured wares for sale
about three thousand dollars, which will be needed for permanent
improvements, and for heating and lighting the new buildings.
For the information of committing officers and all othors in-
terested, we republish the law regulating the admission of in-
mates.
EDWARD O'NEILL,
WM. BLAIR,
S. A. RANDLES,
ANDREW E. ELMORE,
CHAS. R. GIBBS,
3Ia7iager8.
Waukesha, October 10th, 1872.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys,
Waukesha, October 10, 1872.
The Treasurer would report that there was (as will be seen
by his report for 1871,) applicable to the current expen-
ses of this year $8,781 85
Appropriated in 1872 83,460 00
Amount received from counties 6,056 00
Received from Superintendent 2, 167 10
Total 160,454 95
Expenses, first auarter |7,495 81
Expenses secona quarter 9, 668 34
Expenses third quarter 8, 472 80
Expenses fourth quarter 10, 802 45
Subtract 136,538 70
Which leaves balance of $13,916 25
Of the building appropriation of 16, 000 00
There has been expended, as per vouchers 12, 809 59
Leaving $3,190 41
Applicable to new building account
ANDREW E. ELMORE,
Treasxirer,
SUPERINTENDENrS REPORT.
Wiscoxsix Industrial School for Boys,
Waukesha, Oct. 10, 1872.
To the Board of Managers',
Gentlemen: The whole number of inmates in this Institution
since it was opened in July, 1860, to Sept. 30, 1872, is 886. Of
this number 73 were girls and 813 boys.
The successive annual reports show that in
1861, the number of inmates was 39
55
1862. . . .
. . . .do. . . . ■
. .do
1863....
. . . .do. . . . .
.. .do
18G4. . . .
. .. do
. . .do
1865. . . .
. . . .do
.. do
1866. . . .
. . . .do. ...
. . .do
1867. . . .
. . . .do
. . .do
1868. . . .
. . . .do
. . .do
1869. . . .
. . . .do
. . .do
1870. . . .
. . . .do
. . .do
1871....
. . . .do
. . .do
1872. . . .
. . . .do
. . .do
72
137
155
134
155
163
176
206
239
278
It will be seen from the above that our increase this year has
been greater than in any one year of the last seven years, not-
withstanding the continued efforts to discharge every inmate
whose case would justify the board in so doing.
11
Tabus No. 1
Shows the population.
Boys.
Number in school October 1, 1871. . .
Number committed during the year.
Number returned from out <5n ticket
Total.
Number returned to parents or guardian on ticket of leave ,
Number out to place on ticket of leave
Number escaped
Number of deaths ,
Number on record at this date
Total.
287
107
1
845
35
21
10
1
278
345
Girls
Tot.
239
107
1
347
35
23
10
1
278
847
Smallest number at any time during year.
Largest do do
Average do do
289
284
252
Table No. 2
Shows the number committed each month.
October, 1871 6
November, 1871 6
December, 1871 2
January, 1872 7
February, 1872 10
March, 1872 10
April, 1872 7
May, 1872 10
June, 1872 9
July, 1872 12
August, 1872 17
September, 1872 11
Total 107
12
Table No. 3
Shows the courts by which they were committed.
Previoas
Past
Total.
years.
year.
28
28
56
186
65
251
20
12
32
5
2
7
1
....•,...
1
240
■
107
347
Municipal
Justice
Police
Circuit
* Entered voluntarily (see report '71)
Total
Tablb No. 4
Shows the offenses for which they were committed.
Vagrancy
Larceny
Incorrigibility
Burglary
Arson
8toning railroad cars.
Rape
Total
Previous
years.
51
101
83
4
1
240
Past
years.
16
41
47
2
1
107
Total.
67
142
130
4
1
2
1
847
*In this and subsequent tables the colnmns headed **]>ast year^* include only those
committed during the year ending with this date. Columns headed " previous years *^
include all except past year.
13
Table No. 5.
Shows the ages of inmates at j;he date of this report:
Six
Seven ....
Eight . . . .
Nine
Ten
Eleven . . .
Twelve. . .
Thirteen .
Fourteen .
Fifteen...
Sixteen. . .
Seventeen
Eighteen .
Nineteen .
Twenty...
PreviouB
Yean.
2
2
13
25
34
25
64
88
20
10
5
2
240
ySJ. Total.
1
2
7
1
9
10
26
17
17
17
107
1
1
2
9
11
23
51
51
42
81
38
20
10
5
2
347
Hecapitulation,
Yeara.
Average age of previous years 14.5
Average age of past year J 12.25
Total 13.88
14
Table No. 6
Shows the counties from which they were committed.
Manitowoc . .
Jefferson
Iowa
Bank
Rock
Kenosha ....
Milwaukee . .
Walworth . . .
Fond da Lac
Sheboygan . .
Green Lake .
Dodee
Waukesha. . .
Racine
Winnebago..
Dane
Columbli . . .
Brown
Crawford ....
Outagamie . .
Washington .
Monroe
Green
La Favette . .
Marathon . . .
Oconto
Grant
Calumet
La Crosse . . .
Waupaca....
Dunn
Jackson
Waushara . . .
Marquette . . .
Juneau
Trempealeau
St. Croix . . . .
qo
I I^«^rtoot Part Tear.! TotoL
1 Yean.
I • t
15
Table No. 7.
The amount charged each county for those committed for va-
grancy, incorrigibility, or vicious conduct, is as follows :
Milwaukee county $866 60
Racine do 806 50
Manitowoc ... .do d65 00
Walworth do 89 00
Dane do 246 00
OreenSake ...do 166 60
Iowa do 104 00
Kenosha do .* 214 00
"Waukesha do 849 00
Crawford do 840 00
Washington . . .do. 41 00
Outagamie . . . .do 5 60
Jefferson do 856 60
Sheboygan do 248 00
Columbia do 172 00
La Fayette do 62 00
Winnebago do 750 60
Marquette do 29 00
Fond du Lac . .do 842 50
Dodge do 828 00
Brown do 239 00
Green do 110 00
Rock do 510 60
Sauk do 384 60
Juneau do j 17 50
Grant do 161 50
Waushara do 8 00
Trempealeau . . do -. 82 00
St. Croix do 27 00
Calumet do 104 00
La Crosse do 108 00
Marathon do 52 00
Monroe do 141 50
Oconto do 52 00
17,165 00
16
Table No. 8
Shows the birth places of the inmates.
Wi8Con8in 206
New York 24
Illinois 12
Pennsylvania 1
Michigan 6
Iowa 3
Massachusetts 4
Mississippi 1
Ohio 2
Vermont 1
Alabama 2
Minnesota 5
Louisiana 1
New Jersey 1
North Carolina 1
Tennessee 1
Connecticut 1
Maine 2
New Hampshire 1
Rhode Island 1
California 1
Maryland 1
Indiana 1
England 3
Ireland » .^ 1
France .' 1
Germany 16
Denmark 1
Prussia 1
Norway 3
Canada 6
Unknown 36
Total 347
JRecapitu lation.
Number bom in America 279
Number torn in foreign countries 82
Number place of birth^unknown 36
Total; 347
17
Table No. 9
Shows the nationality of parents:
American 89
Irish 59
German 69
English 43
Colored 14
French 9
Scotch ;5
Norwegian 7
Welsh 3
Hollander 2
Canadian 1
Bohomian G
Danish 2
Prussian 2
Italian ^ 1
Polish 2
Unknown 35
Total 847
SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC SELATI027S.
It is not to be concealed that many, probably a majority of
the inmates of our school have had their early training under
circumstances unfavorable to good habits and good morals. The
following statement of facts relating to the past history of our
wayward and unfortunate boys, may aid in the better under-
standing of their condition when they were placed under our
care.
Fifty-six of the 347 inmates have neither father or mother
living; 145 have no fathers living, and 113 no mothers; 49 have
step-fathers, and 44 step-mothers. Only 144 of the whole num-
ber have both parents living, and of these, the parents of 26 are
separated, several are insane and several are intemperate. As
a special and noteworthy fact, I may name the following: Four
of our inmates have parents, both living — ^but separated, and
each married again to other parties.
Many additional circumstances of a similar character could
be given, but these are sufficient to show how home ties are
broken, family relations dissolved, and the restraining influences
lost that bind the son to the father and mother and sisters at
home.
2— Ind. ScHJ (Doc. 12.)
18
What may be expected of a boy of the best native talent and
disposition, when thrown into society, or rather out of society,
with no home, no parental aid and no legacy but that of a dis-
sipated or disgraced parentage.
, Is it a matter of surprise that boys thus situated, should be-
come reckless, profane and untruthful? That, surrounded with
bad examples and wicked associations, suffering with cold and
hunger, left homeless and friendless, they should lose self-re-
spect, become lawless and commit crime?
While it is true that some possess native propensities to evil,
it is also true that a large majority are disposed to evil more
from bad examples and want of control, than from any deprav-
ity in them\not common to youth. Hence we labor in hope, not
feeling that we are warring against nature, but in harmony with
nature, believing that if we can succeed and ^' train up a child
in the way he should go, when he is old, ho will not depart from
it.'' It is a matter of great encouragement that so large a per-
centage of the youth discharged from this school are doing well,
and promising to repay the State by becoming good citizens.
19
GENERAL MANAGEMENT.
The history of the inmates, previous to their connection "with
our institution, is set forth in the foregoing tables; the disposi-
tion made of them, and the general management of the insti-
tution remains to be considered.
This may be included principally under the three divisions of
Homes, Employment and Education. "We are required to re-
ceive all the male vagrant, incorrigible and criminal youth of
the State, between the ages of eight and sixteen years, that the
courts see fit to send to us. We are expected to do for these
boys what their parents, guardians and teachers have heretofore
partially or totally failed to do, namely, to develop their man-
hood. We are expected to direct and bring forth, by healthy
growth, all the faculties of body, mind and soul which they
possess.
To accomplish this, we know of no better plan than to imitate
the model of a good family government, where friendship, order
and cleanliness abound, in a good society where industry, intel-
ligence and a high-toned moral sentiment prevail. Physical
comforts are first in the order of nature, and first to receive
attention ; hence we look first to what we denominate our
HOME DBPABTMENT.
No influence known to civilized society is so powerful for
good, in forming the character of the young, as that of home.
No home is perfect without father, mother and children. Our
homes are but approximations to perfect homes; hence the
* nearer we approach to this, the more hopeful is our success.
The completion of our new family building, in November last,
enabled us to organize our sixth home. This building is an
improvement over any of the former, in several particulars,
among which I will mention ventilation, increased capacity of
the dormitory, the elevation of the basement story, the stone
stair cases, and the finish of the work. In common with the
other family buildings, it has its general sitting-room, dining-
20
hall, dormitory and bath-room, and also separate apartments for
the accommodation of the family officers. All the family or home
buildings are surrounded with ample play-yards and necessary
out-buildings; and it is a pleasure to be able to add, they are all
in good condition.
Each home is supervised by a nian who, as the father or elder
brother, looks after the comfort, conduct and health of his boys.
His duties require him to be in the building or in the yard, night
or day, when his boys are there.
The internal arrangement of the home is managed by a wo-
man. She is expected to care for the inmates' wearing apparel
and extend to the boys of her family such attention as a good
mother should to her own children.
At date of this report, /
Family One numbers 48 and is in charge of J. W. Babcock.
Family Two do. . 51 do R. F. Farrington.
Family Three . .do . . 48 do. . . .
Family Four . . .do. .44 do
Family Five . . .do. . 49 do. . . .
Family Six do. . 88 do
...H. W. Cole.
. . .A. J. Cole.
. . .J. Korn, Jr.
.. .B. B. Monroe.
These buildings were intended to accommodate each thirty-
six boys. The health, comfort and reformatory success of the
school is, in my opinion, much retarded by the present over-
crowded state of the homes.
BMPLOTMEXT.
Every inmate is provided with a business suited to his capac-
ity and strength. He is assigned a place and a time for the
performance of his duties. We anticipate permanently good
results only in connection with industrious habits. Honest,
productive labor is ordained of God to restore the fallen. Here
faith and works unite. In the exercise of this we pray and
hope for success.
Division of Time,
Eight hours of each day in winter and nine in summer, a^e
devoted to [school and work. During the winter, the time
devoted to school is four hours, and to work four hours. In
summer the school time is four hours per day, and the work
five. Each half day, except Saturday afternoon and Sunday,
21
has its work session and school session, with a recess interven-
ing. Saturday afternoon of each week is devoted to recreation,
writing letters, receiving visits of friends, and other miscella-
neous duties.
The small boys' work time is one hour less per day than the
above.
In silfaimer, inmates rise at 5.30
And retire at 8.00
In winter, they rise at 6.00
And retire at 7.90
From the above it will be observed that eight or nine hours
of the twenty- four are devoted to active employment, about the
same to sleep, and six or seven to meals, reading, devotional ex-
ercises and recreation.
During the hot weather in July and August, for a few weeks,
the school books are laid aside, and we call it a vacatloi. This
is an oecasion of joy to most of the boys, but of increased weari-
ness and care to all others in the institution. A few boys, em-
ployed as teamster and farmer boys, are kept out of school to
work the entire day, during the season when work is pressing.
Table No. 10
Shows the division of labor.
Number employed in Shoe shop 10
Tailor shop 12
Willow shop 20
Cane shop 80
Broom shop 9. '
Knitting class 25
Laundry 10
Family kitchen 2
Boys' kitchen 7
Dining rooms 6
Dormitories 6
Bath and play rooms 6
School rooms and library 2
Store 1
With carpenter 1
With painter 1
In charge of teams and stock 6
On farm 20
In garden 14
• In carrying wood and doing errands 3
As monitors and chore boy 8
Doing general work 8
252
22
The above division varies with seasons and circumstances. A
large portion of the knitting class, chore and general work
boys, are too small to do other work, or for other causes, are in-
efficient in any position. The broom shop boys are employed in
cultivating broomcom, and doing other farm work, during the
fanning season. The farm boys, in winter, saw the wood, clean
the paths, gather ice, and do miscellaneous work.
In assigning employment to boys, special reference is had to
their health, strength and fitness for the work, and as far as is
consistent, the boy's wishes and the wishes of friends, are con-
sulted.
A large percentage of boys' labor may be denominated non-
productive, such as the work done in the bakery, laundry, kitchen,
etc. The farm and garden, and some of the shops, pay ex-
penses, and, perhaps, do a little more ; still, if the rent, fuel,
lights and tools were all charged up to each of these, as in ordi-
nary business establishments, I doubt whether any considerable
pecuniary profit would be realized. In fact, so far as product-
ive labor is concerned, I am of the opinion that the amount paid
to officers and employes, if judiciously expended for help,
would secure the accomplishment of more work producing in-
come than is now accomplished. I hope not to be misunder-
stood. I do not in this complain of any lack or deficiency in
the employes or the inmates. The cause which leads to this
apparently contradictory statement, exists, not in the capacity,
efficiency or faithfulness of the parties interested, but in the
existing nature and condition of things, and in the objects
which our institution seeks to accomplish. To explain :
First, it is to be remembered that one-half of the available
portion of each day is devoted to school, and it is not our pur-
pose to exhaust the energy of the boy with labor, and send him
to school to restore the waste. We send him to the school
room fresh and vigorous.
Again, we estimate that one-fourth of the inmates are too
young or, for other causes, are unfit to engage in any kind of
remunerative labor. They are employed for their individual
good, and it is best that they should feel that their labor is pro-
23
ductive. A third consideration, which, though less appreciable
by the uninitiated, but none the less potent in its bearing, is
the shiftless and idle life of inmates previous to their connec-
tion with the school. They are unskilled in handiwork, and as
in case of apprentices generally, the time spent in teaching
them quite offsets their labor. In cases, not a few, either inten-
tionally or in consequence of confirmed careless habits, they
break tools, destroy stock, do imperfect work and thus waste as
much as they earn.
What farmer, mechanic or housekeeper, who has depended
even on adult labor, has not experienced similar results? How
much more should we who depend upon boys untrained, and
often reckless and destructive? Of course this applies mainly
to inmates during the first period of their connection with the
school. But just here we are reminded of another fact, bearing
directly on this point. When an inmate reaches that condition
which enables him to become profitable to the institution, he is
generally correct in his deportment, and is deemed worthy of
discharge. He leaves us, and his place is filled with another
unskilled, and for the time unprofitable recruit. This is not
said in a spirit of complaint — far from it; neither should it be
regarded as a discouraging feature of our work, as it would be
if moneyed gains were the first object to be attained. The mo-
tives prompting this statement of facts is, first, to meet the oft-
repeated inquiries concerning the institution becoming self-sup-
porting; and second, to show that we are aiming to make men
and citizens, rather than money and merchandize.
24
Shoe Shop.
Table No. 11
Shows work done in the Shoe Shop.
■
Made.
ICended.
Footed.
FUtcd.
"NTiimher nairs of Broflrans
510
64
100
1,918
46
Boots
88
"si"
260
Bootees
83
Susnenders
253
SliPDers
5
"142"
52
Mittens
Miscellaneous , .
Tailor Shop,
Table No. 12
Shows the work done in the Tailor Shop.
Number pairs Woolen Pants
Woolen Jackets . . .
Cashmerette Jackets
Overalls
Blouses
Caps
Aprons
Sackcoats
Miscellaneous
Vended.
3,499
1,422
50
50
104
27
The products of both the Shoe and Tailor Shops are princi-
pally consumed in the institution.
The success of both these shops has this year been fnlly equal
to that of any previous year. Not only has more work been
done for both home consumption and outside parties, but the
quality of the work is improved, and what is quite as satisfac-
tory, is the better progress of the boys in a knowledge of the
trade.
The products of the "Willow, Broom and Cane Shops, unlike
25
those of the Shoe and Tailor Shops, are principally for outside
parties.
Table No. 13
Shows the work done in the Willow Shop.
Number of Reticules 522
Common market baskets 827
Clothes baskets 286
Potato baskets 128
Round dinner baskets 187
Koife and spoon baskets 27
Fruit or sewing baskets 197
Bouquet baskets 157
Sewmg stands 55
Footstools 57
Larfe cradles 4
Doll cradles 5
Chairs with rockers 50
Chairs without rockers 16
High chairs. ^ 10
Clothes hampers 6
Children's chairs, all kinds. ... : 83
Chairs repaired 16
Baskets repaired 10
Table No. 14
Shows the work done in Broom Shop.
No, 12 Brooms, dozens 139kf
No. 10 do 118
No. 8 do 80
No, Broom Brushes, dozens 5
Table No. 15
Shows the work done in the Cane Shop.
Number of Seats caned 11,411
Number of Backs caned 2,159
Number of Chairs re-caned 45
The results of the Willow Shop are in advance of past years.
We labor under embarrassment from two causes. First, the
removal of boys from the school so soon after they attain suffi*
lent skill to do good worlc; secondly, lack of facilities for mar-
keting the wares. The first is probably without remedy; the
latter should reeeive attention.
26
The Broom Shop is kept running about five months of the
year, commencing in November.
The Cane Shop employs by far the largest number of boys,
and two overseers, as we have now two shops. The success has
been reasonably satisfactory, accomplishing all that we antici-
pated. The most serious drawback this year, has been a lack
of work during the summer vacation, when we most needed the
means of employment.
The Knitting Class
Still exists, although the more efficient have been transferred
to the cane shop, and other places of business. The class con-
sists of the smallest and least efficient boys. The reaults have
been as follows :
Kumber pairs of Socks knit 187
footed 26
Suspenders knit 19
repaired 86
These boys are furnished other employment a portion of the
time, sorting husks for mattrasses, pulling weeds from the corn
potatoes, raking the grove, etc., thus giving a variety of employ-
ment and open-air exercise.
In-Door Work,
A large portion of the work in the kitchens, dormitories, din-
ing-rooms, bakery, laundry, etc., is done by the inmates. A
force of about thirty bojrs is employed to carry on the various
branches of household duties.
Bakery and Boys'* Kitchen.
The baking for the whole institution and all cooking to sup-
ply the inmates' dining-halls are done in this department by one
woman and seven boys. A table showing the number loaves or
cords of bread, bushels of vegetables, barrels of soup, stacks of
buck- wheat cakes, cards of ginger bread, plates of pumpkin pies,
etc., cooked and baked during the year, would no doubt afford
amusement to many, and quite possibly be regarded by some aa
incredible. But the consideration that nearly two barrels of
27
four are baked daily, and that a vegetable or soup dinner can-
not be prepared in a three-quarter barrel kettle, may help to
disaipate the doubt. The quality of the cooking could be best
tested by witnessing the daily exhibition of the dining rooms.
Laundry.
Table No. 16
Shows the work done in the Laundry.
Number of towels washed and ironed 7,247
Pillow cases do 18, 740
Sheets do 13,880
Shirts do 12,489
Aprons do 1,049
Table-cloths do 283
Jackets do « 487
Overalls do 508
Bed-spreads do 444
Bed-ticks do 612
bankets do 812
Dresses do 304
Drawers do 602
Pants do 650
Handkerchiefs do 6, 612
Napkins do *. 488
Linen coats do 52
Nightdresses do 256
Chemise do 559
Stockings do 6,570
White skirts do 884
Collars and cuffs. . .do. 866
Window curtains . .do 90
Caps do 100
Woolen scarfs do 260
Vests do 40
Neck-ties do 88
28
Tabus No. 17
Shows the work done in the sewing department.
Kumber of Shirts
Sheets
Pillow cases
Pillow ticks
Bed spreads
Comfortables
. Pocket handkerehiels,
Mattrasses
Towels ,
Blankets
Blowses '.
Tables clothes
Miscellaneous
Socks
Msde.
154
288
53
13
69
250
43
147
40
16
6
10
Mended.
4,240
178
3,885
This work is performed by the female employes, principally
those in charge of Family Buildings under the supervision of
the matron.
Fartn.
With satisfaction I again bear testimony to the success of
our farming operations. Though not largely renumerative, it
pays expenses, is yearly improving in value, and affords the best
means of developing the health, muscle, and industrious habits
of our boys, of any branch of business in which we are engaged.
In addition to our own farm, we have this year rented 33 1-5
acres adjoining for which we have paid $166.00.
We estimate the vaiue of the crops from this at $416.00.
This is included in the following list of products.
29
Table No. 18
Shows'the products of the Farm.
Articles.
Wheat
Oats.
Corn
Beans
Potatoes
Broom com
Hay
Ihimpkins. .
Pop-corn . .
Clover seed.
Acrei.
24
20
50
1^
9
60
S^
Prodncod.
393 buslii^ls...
30 tons straw
Less threshing
758 bushels...
20 tons straw
Less threshmg
1,175 bushels...
50 tons stalks
75 bushels.
500 bushels.
2 tons. ...
50 tons
30 loads...
25 buahels.
tfbushels.
Less threshing
At
Amount.
ToUl.
11 18
800
1463 74
90 00
1563 74
19 65
158409
25
400
9189 50
80 00
1269 50
22 74
124676
1541*66
150 00
33i
3 00
1391 60
150 00
2 00
50
70 00
••••• •••
250 00
140 00
10 00
1 00
500 00
30 00
50
12 50
5 00
"*38'75'
7 75
"si 66
In addition to the above, allowance should be made for pas-
turage, growth of stock, pork and beef slaughtered, milk and
eggs produced. But as no accurate data are at hand bj which
an estimate can be made of their value over and above the cost
of the feed, which constitutes a part of the fkrm products esti-
mated above, I am compelled to omit these in this years' ac-
counts. The products of the farm and garden, except green
hides, elsewhere accounted for, are all consumed in the insti-
tution.
30
I/ive Stock.
The stock belonging [to the St«te consists of horses, cattle
and hogs.
^ H0RBE8.
Two doable teamsi in ^ood condition 4
One double team, in middling condition 2
Single hone, inferior 1
Single horse, young and good 1
Single horse, dray, old 1
Total number of horses 9
One horse died in the spring.
CATTLE.
MilchCowB 13
Dry Cows 4
Three year olds 3
Two year olds 6
Yearlings 5
Calves 9
Stock 1
Total number of cattle 40
One cow has died, and five calves have been slaughtered.
HOGS.
Fattening 52
Breeding 7
Stock 1
Store, (including shotce) 42
Total number of hogs 102
Garden.
The land under the charge of the gardener includes not only
the vegetable garden, but the orchard, nursery and ground on
which the osier willows grow — in all, about twenty acres.
31
/Table No. 19
Shows the prodaots of the Garden.
YBOKTABLB8.
Beets
Carrots
Turnips
Parsnips
Vegetable Oysters
Onions
Tomatoes
Cucumbers
Peas, (green)
Beans, (green)
Cucumbers, pickled
Cabbage heads
Bquash, Hubbard
Beans
Garden Seeds, (yarieties)
Pie-plant, asparagus and lettuce,
(say)..--.
FRTTITB.
Gooseberries
Strawberries
Currants
Raspberries .
Apples
275
280
650
100
10
8
75
8
120
40
8
800
8,200
8
bus.,
bus.,
bus. .
bus.,
bus. .
bus.,
bus.,
bus.,
bus.,
bus.,
bbls.
• • • • •
lbs.,
bus..
Willow reeds.
Total of products
1 bus..
4 bus..
10 bus. .
8 bus . .
6 bus..
8 tons .
40
40
80
60
00
50
40
50
60
80
75
5
n
00
4
1
4
00
75
00
50
80 00
$110 00
112 00
195 00
00
10 00
400
80 00
12 00
72 00
12 00
11 25
40 00
48 00
6 00
10 00
15 00
12 00
16 00
17 50
82 00
8 00
1747 25
70 50
90 00
$907 75
The nursery has received but few additions to its number of
shrubs, but the growth has been very satisfactory. We now
have over 4,000 trees and shrubs growing, about one-half of
which are of sufficient size to transplant.
The drouth and the bugs damaged both the quantity and
quality of our root crops. The full value of the garden cannot
be all expressed in its cash value. A supply of fresh vegetables
on hand, v^hen needed, is inestimable to a family of the size and
character of ours.
The work done on both the farm and garden has been wel
done. The tillage is deep and thorough and the soil kept free!
of weeds. About 600 loads of manure have been distributed on
the farm and garden this year.
32
Miscellaneous Work.
Work of nameless character is being accomplished in some
parts of our institution. The carpenter, in addition to the con-
stant repairs on buildings, fences, implements and tools, has
built a picket fence in front, with gates suited to both the front
and business entrances, a half mile of portable fence on the new
addition to the farm, repaired and greatly improved some out-
buildings, built wood house to No. 4 — a house for dry earth, also
a bleach house. This last supplies a lack long felt in conduct-
ing the willow and broom shops.
Considerable labor has also been expended in the grove.
The lawn has been extended and greatly improved, and the
older portion heavily top-dressed. The drives and walks have
also been improved and extended. To accomplish this and grade
around buildings and yards, some 275 or 300 loads of gravel have
been used. On the public roads leading to the village, we have
expended over two hundred dollars in gratuitous work.
On the whole, in reviewing our industrial pursuits of the year,
we have reason to be satisfied with our eiForts, and gratified with
the results.
EDUCATION.
Ordinarily a large portion of a child's early education is ob-
tained at home, more than we are wont to give credit for. The
majority of boys sent to us are of the class whose home educa-
tion has been neglected. They have been educated in the streets
and saloons, consequently a large portion of our work consists
in helping them to unlearn what they have learned amiss. Their
persons, their manners and their morals, are special objects de-
manding attention ; with us, the family, the work-shop and the
assembly-room are places of instruction as well as the school-
room.
Our institution is known as a school. It is such most emphat- '
ically. In the work department even more attention is directed
towards teaching a boy how to do things, than to secure any
other one result. By such means we aim to develop, draw out
and discipline his faculties, and thus fit him for a good citizen.
33
School,
Our school department is a school proper, and as such we
are sparing no pains to make it equal to any in the Stat^
The common branches of English education are taught. Special
attention is given to reading, writing and the art of computa-
tion. At present our school consists of five departments; the
time is near at hand when a sixth must be added. The school
is now graded as closely as our circumstances will admit. The
whole is under the supervision of a principal whose duty it is to
classify the school, examine and promote those who are qualified,
and look to the general interests of the departments.
For further particulars relative to the school, I beg leave to
refer you to the teacher's report, hereto appended.
The work of a teacher in our school is an arduous work ; a
work that requires rare ability to secure success. Not only is
aptness to teach a requisite, but a high order of disciplinary
power is demanded. Success is attained only while the interest
of the pupil is kept up.
The teacher's patience, skill and perseverance are taxed to
their utmost — ^such teachers are not too numerous. We count
ourselves fortunate that we have some of this description. And
it is a pleasure to be able to say, that notwithstanding the diffi-
culties attending the management of a school composed of such
a mass of uncultivated minds, the general progress is commenda-
ble, and in some cases quite remarkable.
While we do not attempt to teach higher mathematics, natu-
ral science or the classics as they are taught in the high schools,
we do teach physiology, history, analysis of the constitution, and
by familiar lectures and general oral exercises, acquaint our pu-
pils with many of the leading facts of astronomy, geology, zool-
ogy, and similar subjects. This method of oral instruction is
admirably adopted to the class of youth with which we have to
do. They listen with earnestness to the living teacher when the
same thought on the printed page would elicit little or no atten-
tion. This method of instruction is employed not only in the
school but in the
3— Iin>. 8cH. (Doc. 12.)
34
ABsembly Boom.
Here we gather at the close of each day, pupils, teachers and
all connected with the Institution. To some extent, we review
the day's proceedings, calling attention to the defects and
awarding commendation for that which is honorable and praise-
worthy. The occurrences of the day, any matter of general
interest found in the journals of the times, whatever may fur-
nish a theme of useful information is here presented. These
exercises are conducted by the teacher, the superintendent, or
others, frequently by some visitor who may chance to favor us
with his presence. H^re, also, vocal music is cultivated. All
are requested to join in the songs. Aided by a leading voice
and the instrument, a large portion of our boys acquire much
practical knowledge of vocal music.
An hour of each Sabbath morning is spent in the assembly
room, in reading and studying. A service is conducted at half
past ten o'clock. Sunday School at half past two. All assem-
ble again in the evening, and listen to select reading or a brief
lecture. These exercises are adapted to the capacity of chil-
dren, and generally prove seasons of interest to most in the
assembly. In other words, briefly, we assemble four times on
Sunday, spending in all about five hours of the day in exer-
cises calculated, as we believe, to make us all wiser, better and
happier.
Library,
One hundred and forty volumes have been added this year,
making in all about 840 volumes — some of them are too much
worn for circulation. The following rules govern the circula-
tion of the library, which are appended to each volume :
Bulb 1. — The Library will be open for delivery and return of books
each Satarday.
Rule 2. — ^Each inmate and employ^ shall be entitled to draw one book
and only one. ^ ^
RuLX 8. — Ko book shall be retained longer than one week.
RuLB 4.— Every person shall be responsible for the loss or injury of a
book drawn by him.
RuLB 5. — ^Each man in charge of a family is expected to keep a record
of the Library books sent to his family each week, and see that Uiey are
cared for and returned '
By order of the Superintendent
35
From 150 to 200 volumes are drawn weekly; many of the boys
read these books with marked interest.
Added to the above, the following
Periodicals •
are so distributed that all can have opportunity to read them«
Arthur's Home 2
Wood's Household 8
The Nursery 8
Phrenological Journal 1
Little Corporal 5
Schoolday Visitor ^ 8
Childerns' Homes 8
Sunday School Scholar 6
Our Younff Folks 1
Merry's Musenm 1
Rural New Yorker 8
Hearth and Home 1
Sunday School Advocate 16
Child at Home 16
Child's World 10
Scientific American 1
Sand.
In my last report I said ^^ a new set of instruments is needed.'^
These were received in April. Thanks to the Legislature, the
Governor, and all who favored this " extra " for our pleasure
and profit. The band suffers as much, perhaps more, from the
frequent changes than any other portion of the institution. At
present it consists of sixteen members; is instructed by Prof.
Thomas Williams, who meets them once each week. Consider-
ing the age and opportunities afforded, our band is making cred-
itable advancement, and we regard it as an ornament to our in-
stitution.
With such appliances as those above mentioned, we are striv-
ing to draw out the latent faculties, store the mind with knowl-
edge, and so direct the impulses of these young sons of Wis-
consin, that when they go forth as citizens they may find a wel-
come in any good society, and by lives of uprightness repay
the State many fold for the expense of their educat:^on.
36
MORAL TSAININ6.
Home and home comforts are indispensable. Employment
furnishing a basis for future livelihood, is also indispensable.
Without education human beings are little more than a higher
order of animals. Still, indispensable as are all of these, no one
or all of them combined, will perfect reformatory work. There
is a higher object to be attained — a character to be formed — a
manhood to be established. Unless this higher manhood is
matured, the eflfort is a failure — the tree will have trunk,
branches, leaves, but no fruit. The means of accomplishing this
result we denominate moral training. While all our efforts are
designed, ultimately, to reaqh this object, direct and special
means are also needful.
To this end we endeavor to call to our aid all the facilities we
are able to command, and draw upon every chord that vibrates
in the being of him whose character we are seeking to form.
We aim so to shape all the moral forces within our control that
every good impulse of the young mind and heart shall be called
into requisition. Hence, we appeal to his honor, his manhood
and his conscience ; to his interest, his comfort, his hopes and
his fears ; to his love of self, of his friends and his country.
We endeavor to stimulate him to well doing by encouragements,
by privileges, by hope of reward, of usefulness and honorable
position in society, and by a sense of duty to himself, his fel-
lows and his Maker. We seek to restrain his tendencies to
wrong, by loss of privileges, by discomforts, resulting directly
from his own acts, and by a consciousness of the ultimate con-
sequences of wrong doing; thus enforcing upon him a sense of
the great truth taught by nature and revelation, that the way of
the trangressor is hard.
To secure these results in a practical way, constant atttention
must be given to all he does and all he neglects to do. His at-
tention to his studies, his success at work, his character for
fairness and honor on the play ground, his care for his clothes,
his books and his tools must all be subjects of merit or demerit.
To bring all this into a tangible form, each boy is placed in a grade
37
indicative of his standing. All his misdoings worthy of record
are written'out and his grade is written up on the first and mid-
dle of each month. This system of grading in our school is the
fulcrum on which our disciplinary forces act. The grade-book
is our " book of remembrance written." To this we refer the
Board of Managers and the boy's friends to learn his present
standing and the steps by which he has attained it. We refer
to the grade-book to know who are worthy of positions of trust
or entitled to special privileges, as well as who are deserving of
ticket of leave or entitled to final discharge. The boy enters
the school in the fourth grade, below this are fifth, sixth and
seventh grades, which are grades of punishment; above this are
the third, second and first grades, and " the grade of honor." In
honor, a boy may rise any number of degrees corresponding
to his number of grade times, showing a clear record. It is
seldom that a boy wholly disregards his standing as shown in
the grade-book. When he does, solitary confinement for a lim-
ited time and " thorough work " are the means usually employed.
Corporal punishment is not totally ignored, however much we
desire to dispense with its use. In the use of these appliances
it is our great pleasure to see the majority of our numerous
charges, improving, some slowly to be sure, others rapidly, but
nearly all surely.
CONCLUSION.
A review of the year on the whole affords a comfortable de?
gree of satisfaction.
It has been a year of much care, anxiety and some discour-
agements, but I trust not destitute of good results.
The general health of the employes and inmates have been
good. Only one deiath has occurred among our inmates. This
was Bennie Newson, a colored boy. Bennie was a quiet boy,
and one who had many friends and no enemies. His disease
was consumption. His health was poor when he came to us,
about two years and five months previous to his death. ' He
rode out the day before he died, and was able to walk to and
from the carriage. A few cases of fever, late in the fall of '71,
38
and a few more in September of this year, constitute all the
additional cases of sickness worthy of note.
With pleasure, I again acknowledge the kindness of the many
friends who by words and deeds have encouraged ns in our
work. I doubt not my associates and pupils all join me in ex-
pressing especial thanks to all the faithful and devoted Sunday
school teachers who have so efficiently aided us in our Sabbath
labor.
To my associates and co-laborers who with patience and
fidelity have devoted their time and energies to this benevolent
and Christian work, I desire to express my warmest thanks. My
earnest prayer is, that profiting by the experience of the past,
and receiving the continued guidance of Him, .without whose
blessing all humane effort is vain, our future may be crowned
with even greater success than the past.
To you, gentlemen, with grateful acknowledgements of your
continued kindness, forbearance and counsel, I submit this, my
seventh annual report.
A. D. HENDRICKSON,
SuperifUendent.
TEACHERS' REPORT.
/
Number of pupils under instruction at the commencement of the
year 239
Number that have been received 108
Whole number under instruction 347
YThole number left during the year. 69
Present attendance 278
FIRST PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. •
"Whole number in attendance '. 66
Whole number in Primer, A class 13
Primer, B class 8
First Reader. 20
Second Reader, A class 11
Second Reader, B class 14
Total 66
Whole number in Primary Arithmetic, A class 15
Primary Arithmetic, B class 17
Total 32
Whole number in Primary Oeography, A class 6
Primary Geography, B class 10
Total... _ie>
Whole number in oral spelling 66
«
Whole numberthat can write letters and words 87
Whole number that cannot write letters and words 29
Total 66
•
40
SECOND PRIMARY DEPARTMENT.
TAUOHT BT MISS M. L. MEADEB.
Whole number in attendance 68
Whole number in Second Reader, A class 9
B class 22
Third Reader, A class 18
Bclass 14
Total 68
Whole number in Geography, A class ; 28
B class 18
C class 12
Total 58
Whole number in Intellectual Arithmetic 15
J
Whole number in Oral Spelling e 68
Whole number can write letters and words 51
print on slate 7
cannot write 5
Total 68
41
FIRST INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT.
TAUOHT BT MIB8 B. CAMPION.
"Whole number in attendance 43
Whole number in Third Reader, A class 10
Third Reader, B class 13
Third Reader, C class 20
Total 48
X
Whole number in Written Arithmetic 6
Whole number in Intellectual Arithmetic, A class 16
Intellectual Arithmetic, B class 20
Primary Arithmetic 7
Total 43
Whole number in (Geography, A class ', 17
Geography, B class 22
Total 89
Whole number in Spelling (orally) 43
Whole number who can write letters and words 48
During a portion of the year this department has had general
exercise in Gymnastics, Arithmetic, and similar exercises, each
alternate Saturday.
42
SECOND INTERMEDIATir DEPARTMENT.
TAUGHT BT H. W. OOLB.
Whole number in attendance 42
Whole number in 4th Reader, A Class ^ 13
4th Reader, B Class 15
8d Reader 14
Total 42
Whole number in Written Arithmetic, A Class 14
Written Arithmetic, B Oass 20
Total 84
Whole number in Intellectual Arithmetic, A Class 18
Intellectual Arithmetic, B Class 15
Intellectual Arithmetic, C Class 14
Total 42
Whole number in Geography, A Class 12
(Geography, B Class 14
(Geography, C Class 16
Totol _^
Whole number in Spelling, (orally) 42
Whole number who can write letters and words 42
43
SENIOR DEPARTMENT.
TAUGHT BT J. W. BABOOCX.
Wbole number in attendance ?. 64
Whole number in Fourth Reader, A Class 25
Fourth Reader, B Class 16
Fifth Reader 28
Total 64
Whole number in Practical Arithmetic, nPrimaiy) A Class 10
Practical Arithmetic, (Primary) B Class 11
Practical Arithmetic, (Higher) A Class 20
Practical Arithmetic, (Higher) B Class 12
Practical Arithmetic, (Higher) C Class 11
Total __64
Whole number in Intellectual Arithmetic, A Class 18
Intellectual Arithmetic, B Class 26
Intellectual Arithmetic, C Class 20*
Total ; 64
Whole number in Geography, A Class 20
Geography, B Class 80
Geography, C Class 14
Total 64
Whole number in Grammar, (Harvey's) 80
Whole number in History, (Swlnton's) 24
Whole number in Spelling 64
Whole number in Writing 64
Declamation and general exercises in arithmetic, civil govern-
ment, writing and singing, every Saturday, daring morning
session.
The foregoing report shows the general condition of those at-
tending the schools during the year. The classes have all made
yery good progress; in some the advancement has been quite
44
marked. The almost daUy introduction of new Bcholara, who
have been accustomed to little or no parental discipline, with
aversion to study, whose homes have been the street, and com-
panions the low and vicious, makes the advancement in knowl-
edge necessarily slow.
The teacher, before any advancement can be made, has to
arouse a desire for learning; in most cases this has been done,
and, ss a result, a general interest in study has grown up.
A comparison with other years' statistics will, I think, prove
favorable to the present condition. Results come slowly.
In conclusion, permit me to tender you my thanks for forbear-
ance toward my faults, as also for kindness and counsel; and,
to my associate teachers, for industry and fidelity in their duties.
Respectfully submitted,
J. W. BABCOCK,
Principal Teacher.
AN ACT
TO PROVIDE FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND MANAGEMENT
OP THE STATE REFORM SCHOOL.
Section 1. The State Reform School at Waukesha shall be
the place of confinement and instruction of all male children
between the ages of eight and sixteen years, who shall be legal-
ly committed to the State Reform School as vagrants, or on the
conviction of any criminal offense, or for incorrigible or vicious
conduct, by any court having competent authority to make said
commitment.
Section 2. The managers of the State Reform School are
hereby clothed with the sole authority to discharge any child or
children from said reform school, who have heretofore been or
may hereafter be legally committed thereto; and such power
shall rest solely with said board of managers, and they shall
have power to return any child to the court, justice or other
authorities ordering or directing said child to be committed,
when in the judgment of said managers they may deem said
child an improper subject for their care and management, or who
shall be found incorrigible, or whose continuance in the school
they may deem prejudicial to the management and discipline
thereof, or who in their judgment ought to be removed from the
school from any cause; and in such case said court, police jus-
tice or other authority shall have power, and are hereby requir-
ed, to proceed as they might have done, had they not ordered
the commitment to such school.
Section 3. The superintendent of the State Reform School
shall charge to each of the several counties in this State, in a
book provided by him for that purpose, the sum of one dollar
46
(11.00) per week, for the care and mamtenance of each person
remaining in said State Reform School, who was committed
thereto as a vagrant, or by reason of incorrigible or vicious con-
duct, or who may thereafter be received into said state reform
school, committed for vagrancy or incorrigible or vicious con-
duct, from each of such counties respectively: provided, that the
cost of the original commitment of all persons to said state reform
school shall be chargeable to the county irom which the person
committed to said school is sent: and provided further , that
it shall be the duty of the superintendent of said state reform
school to procure the arrest and return of any person escaping
therefrom; and it shall also be the duty of any justice of the
peace, marshal or constable, upon information of such escape, to
arrest and return any such fugitive, as above mentioned. .
SBcnriON 4. The superintendent of the State Reform School
shall keep an accurate account of the amount due from each
county for the support of persons therefrom, and shall annually,
on or before the tenth day of October in each year, report to
the secretary of state the amount which may then be due
from each county for the year ending on the first
day of October preceding, which report shall state the
name or each person for whom such account is rendered, the
number of weeks which such person has been in said school
during said year, and the amount charged for each of said per-
sons respectively; and such report shall be verified by the oath
of said superintendent as to its correctness. The secretary of
state shall add the amount due from any county in this state for
the support of such persons to the state tax apportioned to said
county, and such amount shall be collected and paid into the
state treasury for the use of the State jReform School. j
SKcnosr 6. The board of managers shall consist of five
members, who shall be appointed by the governor and hold their
offices for three years;, said board shall be divided into three
classes, and so divided that the term of one class shall expire
each year, on the first Tuesday of March, and shall receive for
their compensation two dollars and fifty cents (12.60) per day
for every day actually employed, and ten (10) cents per mile for
47
every mile aoto&llj traveled, and shall verify their account by
their oath or affirmation.
SscmoK 6. Such managers shall have the power to make
rules, regulations, ordinances and by-laws for the government,
discipline and management of the State Reform School, and the
inmates thereof, as to them may seem just and proper: provided^
that such rules and by-laws shall be in accordance with the con-
stitution of this state and the constitution of the United States:
and they shall have power to place the children committed to
their care, during the minority of said children, at such employ-
ment, and cause them to be instructed in such branches of use-
ful knowledge as shall be suited to their years and capacities;
and they shall have power in their discretion to bind out said
children, with their consent or the consent of their parents or
guardians, if they have any, as apprentices or servants during
their minority, to such persons, and at such places, to learn such
proper trades and employments, as to their judgments will be
most for their reformation and amendment, and the future bene-
fit of such children: provided^ that the religious opinions of the
inmates shall not be interfered with.
Sbotion' 7. The said managers shall appoint a superintendent
of said state reform school, and such officers as they may deem
necessary for the interest of the institution, with a view to the
accomplishment of the object of its establishment and economy
pf its management; and the said managers shall make a detailed
report to the governor of the performance of their duty, on or
before the tenth day of October in each year, which report shall
contain a statement of the number of persons in the school at
the commencement of the year, together with all such facts and
statements as they may deem necessary to communicate; which
report shall be laid before the legislature by the governor.
Section 8. The courts and several magistrates in any county
in this state may in their discretion, sentence to the State Reform
School any such male who may be convicted before them as a
vagrant, or of any petit larceny or misdemeanor; and the several
courts may, in their discretion, send to said State Reform School
any such male who may be convicted before them of any offense
48
which, under the existing laws, would be puniflhable by im-
prisonment in the state prison : provided^ in all cases, the term
of commitment shall not be less than to the age of twenty-one
years.
Section 9. The managers of the State Reform School shall
have power, in their discretion, to restore any person duly com-
mitted to said school, to the care of his parents or guardian,
before the expiration of their minority, if in their judgment
it would be most for the future benefit and advantage of such
persons.
Section 10. The courts and several magistrates in any county
in the state, shall also have the power to commit to the State
Reform School any male child, under the ages specified in sec-
tion one of this act, upon complaints and due proof made to said
court or magistrate by the parent or guardian of such child,
that by reason of incorrigible or vicious conduct, such child is
beyond the control and power of such parent or guardian, and
that a due regard for the morals andy future welfare of such
child manifestly requires that he should be committed to the
guardianship of the managers of the State Reform School.
Section 11. The managers of the State Reform School are
hereby aathorized and directed to procure suitable places for the
females under their charge, and in their discretion to dispose of
them as in their judgment, will be for their best interests and
the interest of the state.
Section 12. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with the
provisions of this act, are hereby repealed, and this act shall take
effect and be in force from and after its passage.
Approved March 15, 1870.
It will be seen by an examination of the act, that every inmate
must be committed by a court or magistrate. Frequent appli-
cation is made for the admission of children, by their friends, on
the ground of incorrigibility, with the hope that the restrain-
ing influences of the school may save them from actual crime.
The tenth section of this act was framed with express reference
49
to such cases, and it is believed to be the most important one in
the whole chapter. Such cases when cQmmitted, should at once
be taken to the school without being imprisoned, as is sometimes
done, in the county jail for several days with matured and
hardened criminals. In some cases more vicious examples are
there seen, and more corrupt influences experienced, than during
their whole previous life.
Objection has been made to the term of commitment, which
in every instance must be during the minority of the inmate.
This is regarded by many as the period of actual confinement
in the school, while it is designed only to give the board of
managers such control over the inmate as to secure his complete
and thorough reformation. Provision is made for the discharge
of every one, when, in the opinion of the board, it would be
safe and proper to do so.
There is another reason why the term of commitment should
be as it is. There are many children who have no parents or
guardians, and who, if discharged on the expiration of a sentence
of one or two years, would have no one to provide for them, and
if good homes should not be secured at the time of their dis-
charge, which cannot always be done, they would be thrown upon
society, homeless and friendless, and be compelled frequently
to resume those vicious habits from which they may have been
only partially reformed. It is impossible to determine the
length of time necessary to reform any one case at the time of
commitment. It must be left discretionary with those in the
immediate charge of the school. Experience has shown that in
a majority of cases, the average time is about two years, while
some require a much longer period before they are fitted for
places of trust and responsibility.
— IND. ScH. (Doc. 12.)
LIST OF BILLS PAID
Since the date of last Report.
Date.
No.
1872
Jany. 10
1
. . . .do. . . .
2
• • ■ • (XO • • • •
3
■ • • • vll/ • ■ • •
4
do. .. .
5
■ • • • vLw • • • •
6
• • • • vLU • • • •
7
• ■ • • QO • • • • 1
8
• ■ « • Vivr • • • ■
9
• • • • UO • • • ■
10
• • • • UU • • • •
11
• ■ ■ • Clvl ■ • • •
12
• ■ • • UU • • • •
13
■ ■ • ■ VaU • • • ■
14
• • ■ • \Xw • • ■ •
15
• • • • U V • ■ • ■
16
• • a • UU • • • •
17
■ • • ■ UU • • • •
18
• • • • ^lU ■ ■ •
19
■ • • • UU • ■ • ■
20
• • ■ • UU • « • ■
21
• • • • UU ■ • • ■
22
• • • • vlU • • • •
23
. . . do . . . .
24
.... v&l^ ....
25
■ « a • VIU ... *
26
• . • . vl.\/ ....
27
.... Ul^ # . • •
28
I • . • vl V • • • •
29
. . • • Uly ....
30
.... U V ....
31
• « • • UO • . • .
32
.... Uv ....
38
.... u(J . . • .
84
• . . • UO «...
35
• • • aUO • • •
36
.... UO . * • •
37
.... UO ....
88
a • • a UO • • • •
80
« a a a UO a ■ a a
40
a a ■ ■ UO a . • a
41
• * a a UO • ■ • ■
42
a • • a UU a a a .
43
a a a a UO a a a •
44
• a a a UO a a a a
45
a a a a UO a a a a
45
• a a aQOa a a a
47
To whom and on what account paid.
Jas. Bonnell, dry goods
Sexton, Bros. & Co, dry goods
C. Stein & Bro., dry gooas
Waukesha County Manuf. Co. wool goods . .
Stark Brothers, furnishings
John Gasper, furniture
West & Co., books and stationery
A. H. Andrews & Co., working cards
O. Culver, harness repairs
H. II. Hunkins, leather and findings
G. Pfister, leather and findings
Wa Frankfurth, willow shop
Wm. Miller & Co., rockers
Berry Bro., oils, etc
G. Wa Swift, dyes
Aa F. Lemke, broom findings
N. Burroughs, hardware, etc
J. Nazro & Co., hardware, etc
Peterman, Steady & Co., hardware, etc
R. C. Beg^s, tin ware
Julius Reise, tin ware
A. Loeffelholz, locks
Wm. Blair, blacksmithing
M. Fallon, horse shoeing
E. Detmiller
Blair & Persons, glassware
C. A. Buttles, repairs
R. A. Waite, spoons
W, G. Benedict, groceries
Beach & Hause, groceries
Ricker, Cronbie & Co., groceaies
Weaver, Kirk i& Co., groceries
J. M. White, drugs, etc
Oa Tichenor, apples, etc
0. Tichenor, potatoes
G. Mevis, lard kegs
Johnson & Thyng, soap
Ja Wa Thomas, salt
A. Waite, meat
C. Famham^meat
Ja Donahue, meat
J. Moore, chickens
Ca Esther, saufiages
J. W. Thomas, pork
Oa Tichenor, butter and lard
Pa Ma Schwartz, butter and lard
Amoaut.
47 ) P. Ma Schwrrtz, butter and lard and apples a .
1223 41
170 77
117 93
43 80
94 06
10 20
142 27
4 00
19 00
41 62
186 62
36 91
6 50
98 12
14 74
40 40
132 30
11 45
23 66
37 93
4 52
18 00
56 94
18 55
40 50
8 12
18 23
16 40
358 24
29 70
90 08
251 35
35 48
58 73
46 00
2 50
21 00
27 20
214 88
89 63
56 98
15 76
488
11 24
100 82
18 85
18 58
51
J^ut of JBilh Paid — continued.
1872
Jan'ry
. do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. . do .
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
..do.
. .do.
April
..do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
. .do.
10 48 W. Nickereon, butter and lard
49 J. C. Love do
50 R. N. McCumber do
51 A. Smith do
52 H. P. Price, corn
58 G. Lawrence, seed wheat
54 G. H. Vincent, wheat and grinding
55 Kimball & Howe, flour
56 8. Beard, wood
57 M. Stark. . .do
58 J. E. Potter & Co., carbon oil
59 Pay Roll, officers
60 J. Vreeland, cnrpenter
61 M. S. Hartwell & Co., planing and sawing. . .
62 C. A. Hendrickson, labor
63 C. Wardrobe, mason work
64 C. Jentsch do
65 R. 8. Gregory, painting
66 R. N. Kimball, cement
67 8. Richardson & Co., lumber
68 G. P. Pfefler, willow^ and evergreens
69 Winchester & Partridge, iron posts
70 Atwood & Culver, printing
71 W. Reiners. bob sleighs
72 Cole & Caine, cranberries '.
73 D. W. Reid & Co., robes
74 J. Graham, sheriff
75 Dr. J. Smith, medicine and service
76 E. Holbrook, Legislative Comnyttce
77 ^tna Insurance Co. premium
78 O. Z. Olin, P. M., postage
79 U. 8. Express Co., express
80 Mil. & St. P. R. R. Co., freight
81 Superintendent, sundry bills paid
82 M. Schuyler, escapes
83 C. Cork, groceries
84 D. Stewart, lard
85 J. Cork, turkeys
86 R. L. Gove, robe
87 R. Haney & Co., hardware
10 88 J. Bonnell, dry goods
89 Rice & Fredman, dry goods
90 C. Stein do
91 Sexton Bro & Co. . .do
92 Perkins & Co woolen goods
93 Waukesha County Manfg Co. . . .do
94 West <&; Co., books and stationery
95 Ivison & Co do
96 State Prison, fiirniture
97 M. Palz, do
98 C. A. Buttles, sundries
99 N. Brick, chair
100 Blair & Persons, crockery and hardware. . . .
$38 25
75 00
90 19
22 38
24 08
28 32
463 69
22 40
115 43
57 75
36 00
2,611 42
89 00
71 30
48 70
34 05
27 00
16 00
11 00
27 77
14 00
10 00
7 00
35 00
13 75
15 00
10 00
12 50
16 00
75 00
21 26
22 45
29 48
117 23
4 10
83 26
5
11
00
00
11 00
34 35
145 10
7 22
38 74
137 68
269 36
43 70
157 03
25 25
79 30
15 87
22 60
16 00
198 71
52
List of Bills Paid — continued.
1872.
April 10 101 Hoffman, Billings & Co., hardware
. .do 102 Jno. Nazro, hardwace
..do 103 J. N. Blair, hardware
. .do 104 J. Hardy, cutlery
..do 105 N. Burroughs, hardware
. .do 106 M. H. Howil, pork and eggs <
. .do 107 Johnson & Thyngs, soap
. .do 108 W. G. Benedict, groceries
. . do 109 Bicker, Crombie & Co, groceries
. . do 110 C. Cork, groceries
. .do. . . . Ill Beach & Hawes, groceries
..do.... 112 C. Wardrobe, apples
. .do 118 H. YanBuren, oried apples
. .do. . . . 114 F. Mc Naughton, apples and eggs
..do 115 P. Regan, potatoes and eggs
..do 116 A. S. Hair, potatoes and eggs
. .do 117 J. H. Phillips, potatoes ana eggs
..do 118 P. M. Schuartz, potatoes and eggs
. .do 119 M. Buchner, potatoes and eggs
. .do 120 O. Tichenor, potatoes, eggs and butter . .
. .do 121 E. Wood, beans,'etc
. .do 122 J. A. Patten & Co., oil
..do.... 123 G. W. Swift, oil, etc
..do.... 124 C. Jackson, drugs, etc
..do 125 J. M. White, drugs, etc
..do 126 J. Donahue, meat ,
..do 127 H. W. Colver, meat
..do 128 Saml. Hadfleld, beef
. .do 129 C. A. Wadsworth, beef cattle ,
..do 130 C. A. Wadsworth, beef
. .do 131 J. A. Hibbard, beef and veal
. .do. . . . 132 N. Nichols, beef
..do.... 133 Pratt i& Marshall, flour
. .do 134 G. fi. Vincent, wheat meal and grinding.
..do 135 M. R. Crane, hay
..do 136 E. E. Hodgson, straw
..do 137 H. Vanburen,. . .wood
..do 138 J. VanBuren, do
..do 139 M.Shark, do
..do 140 J.Sharp, do
..do 141 H. Munck, do
. .do. ... 142 Eli Welsh, do
..do 143 T. Seyncss, do
..do 144 J. H. Phillips, .. .do
..do 145 Andred Snyder, . .do
. .do 146 C. Plattz, do
..do 147 A. R. Clefton, do
. .do. . . . 148 M. Howie, hauling wood
. .do. . . . 149 A. C. Nickel, do
. .do. ... 150 J. Hille do
..do 151 C. Winderman,...do
..do 153 S. Richardson, lumber
, .do. . . .1 153 C. A. Browson,. . .do
167 17
14 82
69 42
15 75
92 64
15 82
108 67
85 43
256 67
34 21
3 25
20 00
8 80
9 40
10 64
24 25
15 80
25 40
24 66
102 98
24 70
16 65
39 52
7 73
19 93
89 00
61 59
35 16
156 30
85 84
50 20
82 96
20 95
944 85
38 00
20 00
108 00
127 87
79 87
148 50
110 46
121 00
324 50
197 50
72 00
121 00
166 41
119 81
72 00
216 38
48 94
12 50
135 72
68
Jdst qf Bills Paid— continued.
1872
April 10
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. . do . .
July 10.
. .do. .
. . do . .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. .do. .
. . do . .
. . do . .
• .do. .
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
168
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
186
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
192i
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
208
204
205
A. F. Lemke, broom findings
Wright, Dunton Ss Co., broom corn..
L. Schnell, willow and rattan
W. Frankforth, hardware and willow find'ga
Q. Pfister, leather and findings
H. H Hunkins, leather and midings
M. Barber, sleigh
J. W. Park, harrow
B. Fox, cow
William Sanger, repairs
A. Atkins, hunting escapes
H. W. McNair, hunting escapes
8. Barber, livery
T. Spence, insurance
William D. Holbrock, dentistry
O. Culver, repairing harness
Q. W. Booker, teamster
George Watson, teaming and general work.
J. C. Barnes, painting
C. Wardrobe, mason work
J. Vreeland, carpenter
Pay-roll of officers
United States Express Company, express. . .
Sundry bills paid by Superintendent
P. M. Dingham, escapes
Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R Co., freights .
Sexton Bros & Co., dry goods
C. Stein & Co., dry edods
Price <& Freedman, dry goods
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods
F. W. Ambler, straw hats
McFetridge, Burchard <& Co., woolen eoods
Wau. Manufacturing Co., woolen gooos. . . .
West & Co., books and stationery
Milwaukee Sentinel Printing Co., binding .
G. Pfister, leather and findings
J. Malligan, leather work
T. Edwards, butter and eggs
E. S. Purple, butter and eggs
H. H. Blair, butter and eggs
Blair & Persons, glassware, etc
J. M. White, druge, etc
G. W. Swift, drugs, etc
J. Sharp, maple sugar
Beach & Hawes, groceries
Smiih, Roundy & Co., groceries
C. Cook, groceries
W. G. Benedict, groceries, etc
W. G. Benedict, groceries, etc
N. Burroughs, hardware
J. Rcise, hardware
C. A. Buttles, hardware
Peterman, Stredy & Co., hardware
124
74
109
82
289
274
15
25
50
5
8
82
17
8
4
7
15
81
82
9
175
2,752
11
185
25
41
289
79
7
247
56
1,247
188
103
15
286
6
95
7
108
21
15
61
9
47
245
81
102
90
86
11
8
4
92
44
40
98
98
00
00
00
00
50
00
80
25
00
75
15
00
25
00
50
50
68
78
44
00
28
04
17
46
96
50
76
76
88
00
77
90
68
76
28
68
88
89
68
11
26
47
61
77
91
80
00
21
64:
JList of Bills Paid — continued.
Date.
No.
1872
July 10
206
• • ■ ■ ^X\/ • ■ • •
207
• • • • Ul^ • • • •
208
• ■ • • \*>^ • ■ • •
209
• • • • uu • ■ • •
210
• • • • UCr • ■ • •
211
• • • • uu • • ■ •
212
• • • • ^Lw • • • •
213
• • • • U V « • • •
214
. . . .do. . . .
215
. . . .do . . .
216
.... UO . • . •
217
. . . .do. . . .
218
. . .do. .. .
219
. • • • UO . . • «
220
. . . .do. . . .
221
. . . .do. . . .
222
. . . .do. . . .
223
do ... .
224
do . . .
225
. .. .do. . . .
226
do —
227
— do. . . .
228
. .. .do. . . .
229
— do
230
. .. .do. .. .
231
.... do ... .
232
. . . .do. .. .
233
do. . . .
234
— do. . . .
235
do. .. .
236
. .. .do. . ..
237
. .. .do. .. .
238
. . . .do. .. .
239
.. . .do. . . .
240
. . . .do. . . .
241
. .. .do. .. .
242
. . . .do. . . .
243
. . . do. . . .
244
.... do ... .
245
. .. .do. .. .
246
. .. .do. .. .
247
.... \X\J . « . .
248
.... do ... .
249
. . . .do. .. .
260
. . . .do. . . .
251
. . . .do. . . .
252
. . . .do. . . .
253
. . . .do. . . .
254
• • • • Uw • • • •
255
■ • • • UCj • • • ■
256
October 9
257
.... QO ....
258
To whom and on what account paid.
R. Haney & €k)., hardware
W. FranKforth, hardware
Hofiman, Billings & Co., iron pipe, etc . .
G. Esterly, post caps
H. Brown, iron pipes, etc
W. F. Whitney, mower sickle
W. Blair, blacksmithing, etc
S. Richardson, lumber
R A. Kimball, lumber, etc
Q. H. Vincient, grinding, etc
J. W. Thomas, salt, cement, etc
A. Smith, wheat
D. Evans, beef
A. Waite, meat
J. Weise, willows
W. Pomeroy .do
J. "Wallace . . .do
J. H. Reigart.do
C. Sperry . . . .do
H. 8. Pomeroy, willows
A. F. Lemke, broom findings
H. & G. 8. Graves, broom corn seed
Wieht, Dunton & Co., broom com seed. .
J. Co
/oon, Jr., wood
J. Cummins, wood
J. 8toltz, eom
F. 81awson, manure
A. C. Nickel, beans
Pflster & Vogel, rolling machine
Greenman, McGraw & Day, trees
F. D. Falkner, photographs
Meinicke & Co., foot balls
J. Gasper, coffin
W. Smith, straw
C. Sheppard & Co., wheelbarrow
M. Buchner, potatoes
J. Porter do
A. C. Nickel, .do
J. C. Patten & Co., oil
Berry Bros., turpentine
J. C. Barnes, painting
J. Vreeland, carpenter
Pay Roll, officers
O. "McDougal, labor
W. Thomson, labor
Sundry bills paid by Superintendent
O. Z. Olin, P. M., postage
U. S. Express Co., express
W. U. R. R. Co., freight
National Lightning Hod Company, rods .
Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. Co., freight .
Sexton Bros. & Co., dry goods
C. Stein & Co., diy goods
Amoimt.
117 80
60 24
68 96
9 20
117 76
7 00
124 02
45 82
81 09
97 76
19 45
39 00
6 64
202 78
400
10 00
15 81
85 00
23 83
44 20
18 59
3 00
2 60
10 00
40 23
180 00
5 00
, 88 00
19 25
7 50
22 00
12 00
11 00
15 00
11 18
20 67
3 85
50 40
17 18
21 40
36 25
99 15
3,028 95
6 66
6 66
167 16
16 35
15 75
62 92
112 60
30 77
101 61
58 18
55
List of Bills Pa»^— continued.
Bate.
No.
1872
October 9
259
• • • • UO • > • •
260
.... do ... .
261
• » ■ • UO • • * •
262
• a • • UO • ■ » ■
268
. . . .do. . . .
264
• • • • U V • • • •
265
• • • • Ul/ ■ • • •
266
• • • • U V • • • •
267
i • • • U V • « • ■
268
. . . .do . . .
269
.... uo ■ . . •
270
.... uo ....
271
.... Uvl ....
272
.... uo ....
278
.... QO ....
274
■ . ■ . U\J ....
275
.... Uvf . . • .
276
... «U.\I ....
277
.... ULI ....
278
. . > . (lO ....
279
.... uo . . . •
280
.... uo ....
281
.... uo ....
282
.... uu ....
288
.... Ul/ ....
284
.... \XO ....
285
. • • .uo ....
286
• . . » uo ....
287
. . • . uo ....
288
.... uo ....
289
.... uo ....
290
.... uo ....
291
.... uo ....
292
.... uo ....
298
a . . . vLO ....
294
• . • . uo ....
295
.... uo ....
296
.... uo ....
297
.... uo ....
298
.... uo ....
299
.... uo ....
800
.... uo . . . .
801
.... uo . . . .
202
.... uo . . . .
808
.... uo . . . •
804
.... uo . . . .
805
.... uo . . . .
806
.... uo • . . .
807
... .do. . .^
808
.... uo . • . .
809
.... uo . . . .
810
. ■ • . uo . . . .
811
To whom and on what aocoant paid.
Rice & Friedman, buttons
Stark & Bros., carpets, etc
Perkins Bros. & Lawton, woolen goods . . .
Waukesha Manufacturing Co., woolen goods
Pfister Royal Leather Company, leather, etc.
H. H. Hunkins do
J. Puri)le & Bros do
W. Blair, blacksmithing, etc
R. Haney & Co., hardware
Wm. Frankfurth do
N. Burrouffh do
Eendrick & Gasper, hardward and awls. . . .
HoJSman, Billings & Co., awls
C. A. Buttles, awls
Blair <& Persons, glassware
O. Tichner, pork, etc
J. M. White, drugs and groceries
Beach & Hawes, groceries
C. Cook, p'oceries
G. W. Swift, lead, ramish, etc
W. G. Benedict, groceries
Ricker, Crombie & Co., groceries
A. Waite, meat
D. Eyvns, beef
P. M. Swartz, pork
D. Stewart, pork and lard
Keppe & Howell, meat
G. H. Vincent, wheat, meal and grinding. . .
C. S. Smith, wheat
John Bovd, wheat
R. W. Kimball, meal, oats and flour
H. A. Blair, butter
Thomas Edwards, butter and chickens
A. C. Nickel, butter
D. Eelley, beans and potatoes
J. Schultz, com
S. Richardson, lumber, etc
Mayhew Bros., lumber, etc
8. Richardson, coal
W. H. Gross, broom handles
A. F. Lemke, broom wire
John E. Houston, wind mill
J. H. Osbom, willows
E. B. Winship, pump
H. Berthelet & Co., drain tile
C. C. McGovem, threshing
B. Howard, sinking wells
John Gasper, bedstead
Matthew Bros., rockers
T. Haynes, water lime, etc
J. W. Thomas, cement and salt
J. C. Mitchen, pie
Star Lightning iu>d Company, rods
Amount.
$8 00
142 07
155 98
28 25
312 40
14 14
25 81
75 88
7 62
20 07
89 86
80
12 72
15 05
5 00
85 47
19 18
5 72
89 60
44 88
60 90
584 06
865 21
19 18
17 84
12 58
ICf 75
829 15
860 15
288 80
98 45
149 80
62 58
6 88
18 60
11 25
88 65
44 88
818 75
5 67
400
100 00
26 62
10 00
12 80
48 89
8 50
8 00
28 76
6 80
10 90
15 00
48 90
56
IabI of BilU Paicf— continued.
Date.
1873"
October 9
. . . .do . . ,
• • ■ ■ U.O ■ • • •
• • • • ^A^ ■ • • •
» r • •Uv« ■ • •
• • • • U^ • • a •
• • • • vLl/ • • • •
• • • • uo * • ■
• • • * vLlJ « • •
• « • « uO ■ • •
• • • • UO • • •
• • • ■ vIO • « •
• • • • UO • • •
• • • • UU • • • •
• • ■ • uu • • • •
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• . • • uo • ■ • .
... U V ... a
.... uo • . . .
... .uu. ...
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• • • ■ uo «...
* » » f uo . . • •
. . . .do . .
• • « aVIU* • • ■
• • • • UU • • • •
• • • aUU* • • •
• ■ • ■ UU • • • •
> • • • vLU • • • •
• » • • uo • « • •
• • • « uo • • • •
» • • • uo • • • •
312
318
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
425
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
W. Rhodes, returning escayes
C. L. Brown, returning escapes
H. N. Hempstead, drum heiMs
A. J. Weist, cooper work
West & Co., paper, postage, etc
E. Enos, P. M., postage
J. Smith, medicine and attendance
PsY roll, employes
J. Vreeland, carpenter
J. 0. Barnes, painter
United States Express Company, express. .
Northwestern Railroad Company, freight .
Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. do., freight.
Sundry bills paid by superintendent
N. Walton, rent of land
H. B. Clark, hogs, etc
Hadfleld & Wilkins, stone and lime
P. G. Williams, butter
J. Vose, Horse
T. Williams, musical instructor
State prison, office desk
P. W. Tratt, span of horses
J. Mulligan, harness
Hall & Quimby, musical instruments
Winchester & Partridge, wagon, etc
Mayhew Bros., fencing
H. M. Sherwood, school furniture
J. D. McLean, stone
Jameson, McCleary & Co., books
Jameson, McCleary & Co., books
Wm. Blair, manager
Edward O'Neill, manager
Chas. R. Gibbs, secretary and manager
Andrew E. Elmore, manager
E- Hurlbutt; manager
95 00
8 00
12 00
8 50
33 07
27 47
56 50
2,977 29
154 50
21 25
6 45
3 57
13 16
104 30
166 00
56 36
49 50
9 22
85 00
127 60
125 00
400 00
42 00
505 00
75 40
75 08
169 33
130 00
61 42
83 25
10 00
26 00
194 00
142 00
15 85
$86,538 70
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THB
STATE BOARD
OP
CHARITIES AND REFORM,
OF THB
STATE OF WISCONSIN.
Presented to the Governor, December, i8y^.
MADIBON, WIS.:
ATWOOD * CULYBB, PBINTSB8 AKD 8TBBBOTTPBB8.
1878.
STATE BOARD
OF
CHARITIES AND REFORM.
Wm. C. Allen Racine Tenn expires April 1, 1878.
HiBAM H. Giles Madison Term expires April 1, 1874.
AmmKW E. Elmore Green Bay Term expires April 1, 1875.
Mart E. B. Ltndb Milwaukee .... Term expires April 1, 1876.
WiLLARD Merrill Janesrille Term expires April 1, 1877.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
HIRAM H. GILES,
FREBIDBirr.
WILLIAM C. ALLEN,
VICB PRESIDENT.
SAMUEL D. HASTINGS,
8ECRETART.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT.
To His Excellency, 0. C. Washburn,
Oovemor of the State of Wisconsin:
Herewith we hand you the second annual report of the State
Board of Charities and Reform.
The report is arranged under the following general heads:
^I. — Laws, etc., Dbpikino the Powbbs and Duties of the
Board, with Extracts from the Record of their
Proceedings.
II. — Poor Houses.
III. — Jails.
rV. — Milwaukee Charitable Institutions.
V. — State Charitable and Correctional Institutions.
VI. — Statistics.
VII. — Miscellaneous.
Respectfully submitted,
WM. C. ALLEN,
H. H. GILES,
ANDREW E. ELMORE,
MARY E. B. LYNDE,
WILLARD MERRILL,
Samuel D. EUstings,
JSecretarr/.
1.
LAWS, Etc.,
DEFINING THE POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE BOAi&>,
WITH
EXTRACTS FROM THE RECORD OF THEIR PROCEEDINGS.
Chapter ld6— General Laws, 1871.
AN ACT TO ORGANIZE A STATE BOARD OP CHARITIES AND
REFORM.
/
[Ae amended by Chapter 187, General Lawe, 1878. ]
The people of the State of Wisconsin^ represented in Senate
and Assembly^ do enact as follows:
Section 1. To the end that the administration of public char-
ity and correction may be conducted upon sound principles of
economy, justice and humanity,, and that the relations between
the state and its dependent and criminal classes may become
better understood, there is hereby created a State Board of
Charities and Reform.
MEMBSFS OF THE BOARD.
Section 2. The said board shall consist of five members, who
shall be appointed by the governor and shall hold their offices
for the tenn of five years and until their successors are appointed
and qualified, except that at the first appointment the term of
one member shall be fixed for one year, of another for two years,
of another for three years, of another for four years, and of the
6
other for five years. When any vacancy shall occur in the board
by resignation, death or otherwise, the governor shall appoint a
new member to serve the residue of the unexpired term.
KESTINGS.
Section 3. The board shall meet in the ofBce of the secre-
tary of state within sixty days after their appointment, to or-
ganize and to transact such other business as may be necessary
to carry into effect the provisions of this act. They shall after-
ward meet in October, on or before the 15th day, and in January,
on or before the 10th day, in each year; and they may hold such
other meetings as they may decide upon.
SECRETARY.
Section 4. The board shall appoint a qualified elector as sec-
retary, whose duty it shall be to keep the books and records of
the board, to prepare such papers, to make such visits and to
engage in such researches and investigations as may be required
of him by the board. He shall hold his office for three years,
unless sooner discharged by the board.
STATE charitable AND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
Section 6. It shall be the duty of the board to investigate
and supervise the whole system of the charitable and correc-
tional institutions supported by the state or receiving aid from
the state treasury, by personal visits to such, making themselves
familiar with all matters necessary to be understood in judging
of their usefulness and of the honesty and economy of their
management; and it shall be their duty to recommend such
changes and additional provisions as they may deem necessary
for their greater economy and efficiency.
POOR HOUSES.
Section 6. It shall be the further duty of the board to com-
mence and to conduct a course of investigation into the con-
dition of poor houses in the state, personally visiting and in-
specting them from time to time, ascertaining how many persons
of each sex are therein maintained, at what cost, and under
what circumstances, as to health, comfort and good morals; how
many insane persons are therein confined, and whether such
arrangements are made for their care as humanity demands;
also how many idiotic persons are therein supported; also how
many poor children the said poor houses contain, and what pro-
vision is made for their suitable care and education. They shall
also collect statistics as to the number of the poor who are sup-
ported or relieved by towns or otherwise at the public expense,
outside of poor houses, the cost at which such support or relief
is furnished, and any other important facts therewith connected.
They shall also inquire to what extent the provisions of the law
in regard to binding out poor children are complied with; and
in general, they shall seek to collect such facts as may throw
light upon the adequacy and efficiency of existing provisions
for the support and relief of the poor, and any causes operating
to increase or diminish the amount of pauperism in the state, or
to pla6e the burden of relieving it where it does not properly
belong.
JAILS, BTO.
Section 7. It shall be the further duty of the board to com-
mence and conduct a course of investigation in regard to jails,
city prisons, houses of correction and other places in the state
in which persons convicted or suspected of crime, or any insane
persons are confined, ascertaining by visit or otherwise, their
sanitary condition, their arrangement for the separation of hard-
ened criminals from juvenile offenders and from persons sus-
pected of crime or detained as witnesses; also, whether any
useful employment is furnished for prisoners, whether the insane
are treated with due regard for humanity, and what efforts are
put forth for the reformation of criminals; and in general, they
shall endeavor to ascertain for the information of the legisla-
ture, *any important facts or considerations bearing upon the
best treatment of criminals and the diminution of crime.
POWEB8 OF THX BOARD.
SscnoK 8. The board shall have fall power at all times to
ook into and examine the condition of the institutions and es-
tablishments referred to in this act, to inquire into and examine
their methods of treatment, instruction, government and man-
agement of their inmates, the official conduct of trustees, man-
agers, directors, superintendents, and other officers and em-
ployes of the same, the condition of the buildings, grounds and
other property connected therewith, and into all other matters
petaining to their usefulness and good management; and for
these purposes they shall have free access to all parts of the
grounds and buildings, and to all books and papers of said in-
stitutions and establishments; and all persons now or hereafter
connected with the same are hereby directed and required to
give, either verbally or in writing, as the board may direct, such
information, and to afford such facilities for inspection as the
board may require.
REPORT.
Section 9. (As amended by chapter 137, general laws 1872.)
On or before the fifteenth day of December, in each year, the
board shall present to the Governor a report of their proceedings
and of their expenses under this act. Said report shall contain
a concise statement of the condition of each of the charitable
and correctional institutions supported by the state, or receiving
aid from the state treasury, together with their opinion of the
appropriation proper to be made, for each, for the following
year. It shall also embody the results of their investigation
during the year in regard to the support of the poor, and the
treatment of criminals, and shall also contain any information,
suggestions, or recommendations which they may choose to
present upon the matters by this act assigned to their super-
vision and examination. Three thousand (3,000) copies of this
report shall be printed by the state printer, in the same manner
as those of state officers are printed, for the use of the board
and of the legislature.
KOT TO BB INTEBBCrrXD IN COITTBACTS, ETC.
Section 10. All members of the board and the secretary of
the board are hereby prohibited from being intesrested, directly
or indirectly, in any contract or arrangement for building, Repair-
ing, furnishing, or providing any supplies of either of the insti-
tutions placed under their supervision.
compensations, etc.
Section 11. (As amended by chapter 137, general laws
1872.) The members of the board shall receive no compensa-
tion for the services rendered under this act. Upon filing with
the secretary of state sworn statements of the ampunt of the
expenses actually and necessarily incurred by them in carrying
out the other provisions of this act, they shall have the amount
of said expenses refunded to them from the state treasury ; and
the secretary of state is hereby authorized and required to draw
his warrant upon the state treasury for the amount of expenses
so incurred and proven. The secretary of the board shall re-
ceive for all services rendered by him under this act, fifteen hun-
dred dollars per annum, payable upon the warrant of the board,
quarterly, from the state treasury. His actual and necessary
expenses incurred in performing his duties shall be refunded in
the same manner as those of the members of the board. And
there is hereby appropriated out of any money in the treasury,
not otherwise appropriated, a sum sufficient to comply with the
provisions of this act. The board shall be supplied with all
necessary stationery, blanks, printing, postage stamps, stamped
envelops for their own use and for the use of their secretary,
in the same manner in which state officers are now supplied with
these articles. And there is hereby appropriated out of any
money in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, a sum suf-
ficient to comply with the provisions of this act.
10
Chapter 66, O&Mral Lawi^ 1872.
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF KEEPING
THE BOOKS AND ACCOUNTS OF THE STATE CHARITABUS
AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The people of the state of Wisconsin represented in senate and otsanNjr,
do enact as follows :
TO BB PEEPABBD BY STATE BOABD OF CHABITIBS. ^
Sbction 1. The State Board of Charities and Reform are
hereby authorized and directed, to prepare a system or plan for
keeping the books and accounts of the state charitable 4«.nd penal
institutions, to be as near uniform as can be adapted to the
wants and necessities of the different institutions.
TO BB APPROVED BY GOVBRNOB.
Section 2. Upon the completion of such system or plan, it
shall be submitted to the governor, and when approved by him,
shall be adopted by all the state charitable and penal institutions.
ANNUAL reports TO CONTAIN DETAILED STATEMENTS OP EX-
PENDITURES.
Section 3. Hereafter the annual reports of the state char-
itable and penal institutions, shall contain a detailed statement
of their expenditures for the year, prepared in such form as shall
be prescribed by the state board of charities and reform.
Section. 4. This act shall take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.
Joint Resolution No. 19, Senate^ 1873.
NATIVITY, ETC., OF INMATES OP CHARITABLE AND PENAL
INSTITLTIONS.
Besolved by the Senate^ the Assembly concurring^ That the
State Board of Charities and Reform be instructed to investi-
gate and ascertain the number of foreign bom citizens who are
now inmates of our charitable and penal institutions, including
county jails and poor-houses, and what number of those who are
Buch inmates that have been in similar institutions in the coun-
tries from which they came, so far as practicable, and to report
as fully as they are able to do in their next annual report.
16^
#
11
MEETING OF THE BOARD
AT MADISON.
Januajry 20, 1872. — The Board met at their office in Madison
and adjourned until the 22d. On that day they again assembled,
and after transmitting the business before them, adjourned.
HOSPITAL FOB THE INSANB AT SLGIN, ILL.
FsBBUABY 20, 1872. — ^An invitation to meet the Governor and
Legislature of Illinois, at the opening of the new Hospital for
the Insane at Elgin, in that State, was accepted. The exercises
of the occasion were of an interesting character. The hospital
at Elgin is built on a plan very similar to that of the Northern
Hospital at Oshkosh, the building at Oshkosh being a little the
largest. The three wings on the north and the rear building
for kitchen, chapel and heating purposes, were completed. The
building in its present shape, is calculated to accommodate one
hundred and fifty patients.
Fbbbuaby 7, 1872. — The Wisconsin State Hospital for the
Ihsane and the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, were this day visited in
company with the State Commissioners of Public Charities of
the State of Illinois.
Fbbbuaby 8, 1872. — The Milwaukee County House of Cor-
rection at Milwaukee and the Industrial School for Boys at
Waukesha, were this day visited in company with the State
'^' Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois.
Fbbbuaby 9, 1972. — The institution for the education of the
Deaf and Dumb, Delevan, and the institution for the education
of the Blind at Janesville, were this day visited in company with
the State Commissioneis of Public Charities of the State of
Illinois.
12
MESTING AT MILWAUKSK.
April 8, 1872. — A meeting of the Board was held this day
at the Plankintou House, Milwaukee.
The Secretary was instructed to forward copies of the joint
resolution of the legislature, No. 19, to the commissioner of the
State Prison, and to the superintendent of the Wisconsin State
Hospital for the Insane, requesting them to keep such records of
the nativity and previous history of the inmates of the institutions
under their charge as would enable them to furnish to this
board the information sought for by the Legislature.
The secretary laid before the Board a copy of the law of last
winter — chapter 66, laws of 1872 — relative to the preparation
by this Board of a uniform system for keeping the books and
accounts of the state charitable and penal institutions, where-
upon the following action was had:
Voted — ^That the matter of getting up a uniform system for
keeping the books and accounts of the state charitable and
penal institutions, be referred to the secretary, with instruc-
tions to invite a conference of the superintendents of these in-
stitutions, so as to have the benefit of their views aiid sugges-
tions, and if possible to agree upon a system that will be satis-
factory to all, and that he report to this Board as soon as prac-
ticable; also, that in his conference with the superintendentd of
the state institutions, he endeavor to secure an understanding
with them by which the estimates they present in their annual
reports, for the expenses of the succeeding year, shall all be
made to cover the same period of time.
April 9, 1872. The « Home of the Friendless," at Milwau-
kee, and the Industrial School for Boys, at Waukesha, were this
day visited.
April 10, 1872. The institution for the instruction of the
Deaf and Dumb, at Delavan, and the institution for the educa-
tion of the Blind at Janesvillei werejthis day visited.
13
Apbil 18, 1872. The Wisconsin State Hospital for the In-
sane, near Madison, was this day visited.
Apbil 22, 1872. The board this day visited Milwaukee and
examined the plans for the new jail then in process of erection
in that city.
After a careful examination of the plans and the grounds, a
communication, of which the following is a copy, was addressed
to the
COMMITTEE OP THE BOABD OF SUPEBVI60RS OF MILWAUKEE
COUNTY, ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
. ^'Gentlemen: The State Board 6f Charities and Reform are
charged with the duty of examining into the condition of the
county jails of the state, the treatment of their inmates, their
sanitary condition, etc., and in the discharge of this duty, they
recently made an examination of the plans of the new jail now
building in the city of Milwaukee, by authority of your county
board of supervisors, and as we judge under your supervision,
' as the committee on public buildings.
" In our investigations thus far, as you will see set forth in
our first annual report, a copy of which we forward to you by
to-day's mail, we have found much to commend in the public in-
stitutions of your county, and we are satisfied that it is the de-
sire of your people to do all in their power for the welfare of
the criminal and dependent classes in your midst.
^^ From an examination of the plans of your new jail, we are
satisfied that you have avoided many of the most glaring de-
fects of the majority of the jails of the state. We judge you
have made provision for good drainage; for a separation of the
di£Perent classes of inmates, and your system for ventilation
seems to be well devised, and we doubt not will work in a most
satisfactory manner. There is one very important matter, how-
ever, which seems to have been entirely overlooked, and that is
bathing accommodations for the inmates of the jail. In the
14
erection of your house of correction, you have shown your ap-
preciation of the importance of this matter, and we trust you
will not allow your new jail to be completed without providing
ample bathing accommodations. In conyersation with your ar-
chitect, Mr. Mygatt, he expressed the opinion that there would
be no difficulty in putting in a bath room on each floor, without
interfering at all with the general plan, and with comparative
little expense.
" The completion of your contemplated water works will fur-
nish an abundant supply of water.
" In the report of our board, you will notice our views of the
hardship and injustice of treating a man simply detained as a
witness as though he was a convicted criminal. There is room
in the second story of your new jail that could be set apart for
the use of this class of persons, when there are such in the
building.
^' By dividing the room so as to make a sleeping apartment in
one end, comfortable accommodations for day and night could
be secured.
" We trust these suggestions will receive your favorable con-
sideration.
'^ On behalf of the state board of charities and reform, we
are,
" Very respectfully,
" Your ob*t servants,
"H. H. GILES,
President of the Board.
Sam'l D. Hastings, Secretary.
Apbil 23, 1872. The state prison, at Waupun, was visited
this day.
Apbil 25, 1872. The La Crosse county jail and the La Crosse
city lock-up were this day visited.
Mat 6, 1872. — In response to the invitation of the Secretary,
issued by direction of the Board,
15
A MXBTIKa OF THE BUPBBIKTBKDBKTS OF THB OHABITABLB Ain>
PBNAL iirsrrnjnoKB
Was held at the office of the Board in Madison, for the pur-
pose of considering the question of a uniform system for keep-
ing the books and accounts of the yarious institutions.
The institutions were represented as follows:
The Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane, by Dr. A. S.
McDill, Superintendent.
The Institution for the Education of the Blind, by T. H. Little,
Superintendent.
The Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, by
Geo. L. Weed, jr.. Principal.
The Industrial School for Boys, by A. D. Hendrickson, Super-
intendent.
The State Prison, by Capt. L. D. Hinckley, Clerk of the Prison.
Plans for keeping a record of the daily population of the
various institutions, for classifying and analyzing their expen-
ditures, forms for making reports, etc., were examined and dis-
cussed and conclusions reached that seemed to be satisfactory
to all.
May 14, 1872. — In response to an invitation from the Board
of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of
Illinois, a conference of the State Boards of that and the
adjoining States was held at the Sherman House, Chicago.
The following is the official record of the proceedings furn-
ished by the Secretary:
COKFBBSlfCE OF STATE BOARDS AT CHICAGO.
At the request of the Illinois State Board of Public Charities,
the Wisconsin State Board of Charities and Reform and the
Michigan State Board for the Supervision of Charitable, Penal
and Reformatory Institutions met with the aforesaid Illinois
Board at the Sherman House, in the city of Chicago, on Tues-
day, the 14th day of May, 1872, for the purpose of mutual con-
16
fereuce and consultation, and for the more especial considera-
tion of the manner of punishing criminals by confining them
for a period of time in county jails.
There were present from the state of Illinois, Elmer Baldwin,
President; Selden M. Church, of Rockford; J. B. Lawson, of
Chesterfield, and Rev. F. H. Wines, of Springfield, Secretary.
From the state of "Wisconsin, H. H. Giles, of Madison, Presi-
dent; Wm. C. Allen, of Racine; Mrs. Mary E. B. Lynde, of
Milwaukee; Willard Merrill, of Janesville, and Samuel D. Has-
tings, of Madison, Secretary. From the state of Michigan,
William B. Williams, of Allegan, and Charles M. Croswell, of
Adrian, Secretary.
The meeting organized by selecting Judge W. C. Allen to
preside over its deliberations, and Charles M. Croswell for Sec-
retary.
On motion of Judge Williams of Michigan, the secretaries of
the several boards represented in the conference were considered
and declared members of the convention, and entitled to all the
rights and privileges thereof.
Judge Baldwin, of Illinois, moved that a committee of four be
appointed to report a programme of subjects for the considera-
tion of the conference.
This motion prevailed, and the chairman appointed as such
committee, Elmer Baldwin, Rev. F. H. Wines, Samnel D. Hast-
ings and CM. Croswell,
The conference then took a recess until 2^ o'clock, P. M.
On the re-assembling of the convention, the committee. ap-
pointed to draft programme of subjects for discussion, through
its chairman, reported the following, which was unanimously
adopted.
First, — The object of imprisonment. (1) The protection of
society ; {%) The reformation of the criminal; (3) The preven-
tion of crime.
Second, — ^The result of the examination of jails in these three
states. How far is thie object sought attained under the present
system.
17
Third.— Whtit would be the effect of a substitution of com-
pulsory labor for compulsory idleness?
Fourth. — Is compulsory labor in county jails practicable?
Fifth. — Intermediate prisons. (1.) The economic question;
comparative cost of construction; comparative cost of mainten-
ance. (2.) Their reformatory effect. (3.) Their deterent effect.
Sixth. — Obstacles to be overcome.
Seventh. — Is it desirable to make an immediate effort to secure
their establishment?
Eighth. — Points with regard to which more detailed and accu-
rate information is needed.
Ninth. — Details of plan.
The several subjects presented for consideration were then
discussed, all the members taking part therein, and after due
deliberation a committee consisting of Rev. F. H. Wines, Sam-
uel D. Hastings and Charles M. Crosswell, was appointed to
to embody in writing the views of the conference upon the sev-
e^al subjects considered and discussed.
This committee in due time reported the following declara-
tien, which was, without dissent, adopted as representing the
views of each and every member of the conference.
DSCLABATIOK.
The object of the imprisonment of criminals is conceded by
all, to be two-fold — the protection of society and the criminal
himself. The protection of society is effected in part by the
segregation of the offender, and in part by the deterrent influ-
ence of punishment upon others who are tempted to commit
crime.
A minute and careful examination of the jails of Illinois
Wisconsin and Michigan, by kindred commissions specially
appointed for this purpose, reveals the fact that as proper places
of punishment, they fail to accomplish the object of their crea-
tion. They are for the most part, defective in a sanitary point
a— C. & R (Doc. 13.)
18
of view; many of them are insecure; they are frequently so
constructed as to compel the promiscuous association of the
young and the old, the guilty and the innocent, the hardened
villain and the [novice in crime, and in some cases even the
sexes. In none of them is there provision for the employment
of the imprisoned inmates; and there are few in which any
attempt is made either at their moral or intellectual culture.
In the aggregate, they cost large sums of money for their con-
struction, and are a great annual expense to the community,
without adequate return for this expenditure.
The finest and most costly of them all, however superior in
architectural construction, exerts as little reformatory eflFect as
the poorest. Their condemnation may be pronounced in a single
sentence: They are an absurd attempt to cure crime, the off-
spring of idleness, by making idleness compulsory. The fail-
ure of the jails is due, not to the character of the officers who
have charge of them, but to this radical defect in the jail sys-
them itself, which originated in the primitive condition of our
national history, 'snd was then the only thing possible. It has
been blindly copied and extended with the growth of the coun-
try, in consequence of the difficulty of effecting any change
after the investment of so much money. We are satisfied that
for enforced idleness the state should substitue enforced labor.
We are also satisfied that no remunerative system of labor can
be introduced into county jails on account of the very limited
number of persons in each. The only remedy for the evils of
the present system consists in the substitution of houses of cor-
rection in their stead. The county jails should be remodeled,
and simply used as houses of detention. One or two prisons
in each state of a character intermediate between the jail and
the penitentiary, might be so organized and conducted as to
diminish the cost of crime, and to diminish its amount. The
cost of original construction would be diminished by the substi-
tution of a single capacious edifice for fifty or sixty smaller
ones. The cost of maintainance of criminals would be dimin-
ished by the aggregate amount of their earnings, while enforced
labor would benefit the prisoner himself, and exert an increased
19
deterrent influence upon the criminal class at large. The mod-
em facilities for transportation of criminals by rail remove, to a
great extent, the objection arising from distance.
We believe that the time has come for an earnest effort to
call public attention to this subject, and to prepare the way for
a great public reform. In this effort we invoke the aid of
philanthropists, believing that no one, who has seen what we
have seen, can fail to adopt the conclusions which have been
enforced upon our mind.
The meeting then adjourned until Wednesday morning, at 9
o^clock A. M.
The conference re-assembled at 9 o'clock on the morning of
Wednesday, the 15th day of May, at the Sherman House, and
proceeded in company with Commissioner Harris, of the Cook's
county board, and Dr. C. B. Miller, superintendent of public
charities of the city of Chicago, to visit the Chicago house of
correction. The members of the conference were most kindly
received, and courteously conducted and shown through every
department of this institution by Superintendent Felton, and,
after thoroughly inspecting the same and expressing themselves
as greatly pleased with it, and with the management thereof,
and their visit thereto, returned to the city when the meeting
adjourned without day.
C. M. Croswell, Secretary,
Meeting op the Board at Chicago.
May 14th, 1872.— While in attendance upon the conference
of State Board of Public Charities, at Chicago, a meeting of
the board was held at the Sherman House.
The Secretary reported the result of his conference with the
superintendents of the State charitable and penal institutions,
relative to the adoption of a uniform system for keeping the
books and accounts of the different institutions.
The system that had been prepared was laid before the board
and after considerable time was spent in examining its details,
20
the final disposition of the matter was postponed to an adjourned
meeting, to be held at the call of the Secretary.
Junk 8th, 1872. — The Sauk county jail, at Baraboo, was this
day visited.
June 9th, 1872. — The Dane county poor house was this day
visited.
June 11th, 1872. — The Dane county poor house was again
visited, at the invitation of and in company with the county
superintendents of the poor.
MEETING AT DELAVAN.
June 13, 1872. A meeting of the board was held at the In-
stitution of the Deaf and Dumb at Delavan.
They examined the building and grounds, and witnessed the
closing exercises of the school previous to the summer vacation.
The board adjournnd to meet at Waukesha on the following
day.
MEETING AT WAUKESHA.
June 14, 1872. Pursuant to adjournment the board met at
the Industrial School for Boys at "Waukesha.
The board resumed the consideration of the plan which had
been prepared in consultation with the Superintendents of the
State charitable and penal institutions, for a uniform system for
keeping the books and accounts of the State institutions, and,
after a careful examination and consideration of the plan, it
was, on motion, approved and adopted, and the Secretary was
instructed to submit it to the Governor for his approval.
The plan was subsequently submitted to the Governor, and
approved by him, and is as follows:
21
SYSTEM FOR KEEPING THE BOOKS AND ACCOUNTS OP THE CHAR-
ITABLE AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS OP THE STATE OP WIS-
CONSIN.
In accordance with the provisions of chapter 66 of the gen-
eral laws of 1872, the State Board of Charities and Reform have
prepared the following system or Dlan for keeping the books
and accounts of the state penal and charitable institution sub-
ject to such changes and additions, from time to time, by the
Board, as experience and observation may show to be necessary.
First. A record of the population of all the state charitable
and penal institutions shall be kept substantially in the manner
and form set forth in exhibit marked " A."
A report of the population of these institutions, to be made
to the State Board of Charities and Reform, quarterly, in sub-
stantially the manner and form set forth in exhibit marked "B."
Second, The analysis of the expenditures, and the detailed
statement thereof, required by section 3 of chapter Q^ of the
general laws of 1872, to be made in connection with the annual
reports of the state institutions, shall be substantially in the
form shown in exhibit marked " C."
Third, Exhibit " D " is recommended as a suitable form of
arrangement for keeping the record of the analyzed expendi-
tures of the different institutions.
Fourth. All purchases for current expenses, ordinary repairs,
and for all other purposes where the appropriation for the same
is made in advance of the expenditure, and the funds are in
hand, should be made so as to secure the usual cash discounts;
and open accounts should be paid in full at the close of each
month, when there are funds in hand to do so.
Fifth. A summary of the expenditures of each State institu-
tion shall be reported to the State Board of Charities and Re-
form, quarterly, on blanks to be furnished by said Board, which
blanks shall be in the form set forth in exhibit marked '* E."
Sixth. In those institutions where farming and gardening op-
erations are carried on, the accounts shall be so kept as to show,
22
as near as practicable, the cost of carrying on the farm and gar-
den, and a report shall be made showing the quantity and value
of the productions of the farm and garden, estimating the value
at the average market price, and also showing the cost of^ the
milk produced, and of the cattle, swine or poultry, raised or fat-
tened for the use of the institution, with the quantity and value
of the same, that they may be estimated in making up the cost
of subsistence of the inmates of the institution.
Seventh. In those institutions where manufacturing operations
are carried on, the accounts shall be so kept as to show the cost
and results of each separate branch of manufacture, and an ex-
act account shall be kept of the quantity and value of all man-
ufactured articles used in the institution where manufactured.
Eighth, Every institution should have some one to act as a
storekeeper, whose duty it shall be to receive and examine all
articles purchased for the institution, and to deliver the same
to the persons into whose hands they should go, making a
proper record thereof, or taking an appropriate receipt for the
same.
Ninth, The estimates for the current expenses of the differ-
ent State institutions should be made so as to embrace the year
from April to April.
H. H. GILES, President,
Sam'l D. Hastings, Secretary,
Approved:
C. C. WASHBURN.
(The various " exhibits " referred to are omitted as they would
not be of general interest, and from their shape it would be
difficult to get them into the form of this report.)
The secretary was instructed to have printed a sufficient
number of copies of the foregoing system for keeping the
books and accounts of the state institutions with accompanying
" exhibits " to supply the institutions.
The secretary laid before the board copies of circulars which
he had prepared for town clerks, overseers of poor-houses, su-
perintendents of the poor, and also forms for registers for jails
23
and poor-houses, which on motion were referred to the presi-
dent and secretary with authority to perfect the same and have
the necessary number printed.
The board were informed that the managers of the Industrial
School for Boys had agreed to grant to Mr. Hendrickson, the
superintendent of the institution, leave of absence to attend the
sessions of the international penitentiary congress, to be held
in the city of London, England, commencing on the third day
of July next, whereupon it was on motion of Mr. Elmore,
Votedj That the secretary, on behalf of this board, request
Gov. Washburn to give Mr. Hendrickson a commission to rep-
resent the state of Wisconsin in the international penitentiary
congress, to be held at London on the 3d of July, 1872.
The request was promptly and cheerfully responded to by
Gov. Washburn, and Mr. Hendrickson attended the sessions of
the congress at London.
JiTNB 14, 1872. — The Walworth county poor-house, at Geneva,
and the Walworth county jail, at Elkhorn, were this day visited.
MEBTING AT MILWAUKSB.
Jttly 1, 1872. — The Board met at the Plankinton House, Mil"
waukee, on the evening of Monday, July 1, and on the follow-
ing day^visited the following institutions, to which appropriatio ns
had been made by the legislature at its last session, viz:
Milwaukee Hospital,
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum,
St. Mary's Hospital,
Milwaukee Orphan Association,
Home of the Friendless,
St. Rosa's Orphan Asylum,
St. Amelianus* Orphan Asylum,
Milwaukee Seaman's Friend Society.
July 3, 1872. — ^The Board visited the Milwaukee county-
house, at Wauwatosa.
24
July 9, 1872. — The Green county jail was visited this day.
MEETING AT MADISON.
July 22, 1872. — A meeting of the Board was held at their
office in Madison, Monday evening, July 22.
July 23, 1872. — The Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane
and the Dane County Poor-house were visited.
July 24, 1872. — The Soldiers' Orphans' Home was visited.
MEETING AT MILWAUKEE.
August 5, 1872. — A meeting of the Board was held at the
Plankinton House, Milwaukee, on Monday evening, August 5,
1872, and on the following day they visited the Milwaukee
County House of Correction and the new county jail.
August 7, 1872. — The Sheboygan county jail and the Fond
du Lac county jail and poor-house were this day visited.
August 8, 1872. — The Winnebago county poor-house at Osh-
kosh, and the Jefferson county poor-house at Jefferson, were
this day visited.
August 15, 1872. — The Kenosha county jail, the Kenosha
city poor-house, at Kenosha, the Racine county poor-house at
Torkville and the Racine county jail at Racine were visited this
day.
August 16, 1872. — The Waukesha county poor-house, at
25
Yemon, the Waukesha county jail, at Waukesha, and the Indus-
trial school for boys at Waukesha were this day visited.
August 21, 1872. — The Grant county jail, and the Grant
county poor-house, at Lancaster were this day visited.
August 22,1872. — The La Fayette county jail, and poor-house
were this day visited.
August 23, 1872. — The Iowa county poor-house at Linden,
was this day visited.
August 27, 1872. — The Columbia county jail at Portage, was
this day visited.
August 28, 1872. — The Columbia county poor-house at Wyo-
cena, and the JeflFerson county jail at Jefferson, were this day
visited.
Septembeb 26, 1872. — The Dodge county jail, and poor-house
at Juneau, were this day visited.
September 27, 1872. — The Rock county poor-house at Johns-
town, was this day visited.
OcTOBEE 1, 1872. — The La Crosse county jail and the La
Crosse county lock-up were this day visited.
October 2, 1872. — The Vernon county poor-house, and jail at
Viroqua were this day visited.
26
OcTOBiDB 11, 1878. — The Brown county jaU at Green Bay, and
the Brown county poor-houBe at Preble, were this day visited.
ANNUAL MBBTING AT MADISON.
OcTOBEB 17, 1872. — ^The annual meeting of the Board was
held at their office, in Madison, on Thursday evening, October
17, 1872.
On motion, it was voted to postpone the election of officers of
the Board, until a meeting to be held at Janesville on Friday,
October 25, 1872.
On motion, it was voted that Mrs. Lynde be requested to pre-
pare a paper for the next annual report in relation to the estab-
lishment of an industrial school for girls.
OcTOBKB 15, 1872. — The Board visited t\e Wisconsin State
Hospital for the Insane, and Soldiers' Orphans' Home.
OcrroBEB 10, 1872. — The Board visited the Dane county jail.
OcroBBB 24, 1872. — The Green county poor house, at Mount
Pleasant, was visited this day.
MEETING AT JANESVILLE.
The adjourned annual meeting of the Board was held at the
institution for the instruction of the Blind, at Janesville, on
Friday, October 25, 1872.
The annual election of officers of the Board took place, which
resulted as follows:
HiBAM H. Giles, President.
"William C. Allen, Vice President.
While together, the Board examined the building and grounds
27
of the institution for the education of the Blind, and witnessed
the regular exercises of different classes in arithmetic, geogra-
phy and music.
MEETING AT WAUPTJK.
The Board met at Waupun on the evening of October 31,
1872.
On the following day they examined the cells, the chapel, the
kitchen, the workshops and the grounds of the Prison.
MBETING AT WAUKESHA.
The Board met at the Industrial School for Boys, at "Wauke-
sha, on the evening of November 14, 1872.
MBBTING AT DELAYAN.
The Board met at the institution for the education of the
Deaf -and Dumb, at Delavan, on the morning of the 15th of No-
vember, 1872. and while there examined the grounds and build-
ings, and witnessed the regular exercises of the different classes
MEETING AT OSHKOSH.
The Board met at Oshkosh on the mopning of Friday, Decem-
ber 20, 1872. On the following day, in company with the
Legislative Visiting Committee, they visited the Northern Hos-
pital for the Insane, and examined the building, barns, gas-
house, heating apparatus, etc.
EXPENSES OF THE BOARD.
In the annual report of the Secretary of State for the year
1871, he reports the amount audited for expenses of the Board,
including salary of the Secretary, at $554.20.
28
The report of the Board being made up at a later date, they
reported the amount of their expenses $1,171.65.
The Secretary of State, in his report for the year 1872, re-
ports the amount audited during the fiscal year, for expenses of
the Board, $2,400.30.
The items in detail of $1,171.65 of this amount were given by
the Board in their report of last year.
The amount reported by the Secretary of State as audited by
him for expenses of the Board during the two years ending
September 30, 1872, is $2,954.50.
Deducting the amount for which the items were given in de-
tail by the Board in their last report, $1,171.65, it leaves the
sum of $1,782.85, the items of which we give below.
Hereafter we will report the expenses of the Board for the
fiscal year, so that the aggregate amount will agree with the
amount audited by the Secretary of State during the same pe-
riod.
BXPENSBS OF THS BOARD.
1871.
Nov. 11
Dec. 11
Dec. 29
1872.
Jan. 2
Jan. 80
Feb. 8
Feb. 12
M'ch 9
M*ch 9
M'ch25
Apl. 8
June 14
June 14
June 9
June 9
July 8
Cash paid for 150 8c. postage stamps
do 50 Ic. postage stamps
... .do telegram to Mrs. Lyndc and to legislative
visiting committee
... .do telegram to Mr. Merrill^ to State Prison
Commissioner and to Mr. Giles
Cash paid for postage stamps
. . . .do do
. . . .do do
. . . .do do
... .do do
Cash paid for telegram ft'om Waukesha to Delavan.. .
do expressage on reports sent to other States.
... .do telegram from Waukesha to Delavan... .
... .do telegram f^om Delavan to Messrs. Giles
and Merrill
....do livery from Delavan to Walworth Co.
poor house and jail
. . . .do livery to Dane Co. poor house
. . . .do bindmg pamphlets
... .do teams tovisit Milwaukee charitable insti-
tutions and Milwaukee county house . .
H 50
50
1 40
8 90
6 25
16 00
1 00
15 00
2 50
80
4 25
80
1 20
4 00
6 00
5 75
20 00
m 85
29
EXPENSES OF SBCBETABY.
1872
Sept. 30
1872
April 1
1871
Oct. 6
Not. 23
Dec. 18
1872
Feb. 3
Feb. 8
April 8
May 14
Apr. 22
Apr. 23
Apr. 27
June 8
July 3
Cash paid salary to date ,
Cash paid salary as agent of Soldiers* Or-
phans' Home to date of repeal of law.
Cash paid expenses of attending meeting
at Janesville
Cash paid expenses of visit to Monroe Co.
jail and La Crosse lock-up
Cash paid expenses of attending meeting
at Delavan
Cash paid expenses of visit to Elgin, 111.,
at opening of hospital for insane
Cash paid expense of visit to Milwaukee
house of correction
Cash paid expense of meeting at Milwau-
kee and visit to institutions at Wauke
sha, Delavan and Janesville
Cash paid expense of meeting of board at
at Chicago
Cash paid expense of meeting at Milw'k.
Cashpaid expense of visit to state prison,
Waupun
Cash paid expense of visit to La Crosse
lock-up and jail.. :
Cash paid expense of visit to Sauk county
jail
Cash paid expense of meeting at Milw'k
11,350 00
290 00
II 25
I
4 25
2 50
3 25
2 50
10 25
0 50
3 50
1 25
3 50
1 25
600
11,640 00
49 00
f 1> 689 00
BECAPITULATION.
Expense of the board, as a whole $93 85
Salary of secretary 1,640 00
Expenses of secretary 49 00
$1,782 85
The members of the board have not yet rendered their bills
for their traveling expenses during the past year. The bills will
not probably exceed in the aggregate $200, if they do $175.
The board have occasion to express their renewed obligations
for courtesies received from the managers of the Chicago and
Northwestern, the Milwaukee and St. Paul, the "Western Union
and the West Wisconsin railway companies.
II.
POOR-HOUSES
The previous report of the Board oontained a description of
the size and value of the poor-house farms, and of the value of
the buildings and personal property connected with them, and
much other general information that it will not be necessary to
repeat in this report.
A large majority of the counties are still without poor-houses;
in one or two instances, farming out their poor to the lowest
bidder, in another instance hiring them kept in the poor-house
of a neighboring county, but in most cases, where there are no
county poor-houses the poor are provided for under the town
system.
One county, Clark, during the past year, has given up the
county system, leased their county farm, and returned to the
town system.
Sauk county has voted to adopt the county system, and has
authorized the purchase of a farm and the erection of a poor-
house.
ADAMS COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
At the session of the board of supervisors of Adams county,
held in November, 1871, it was voted to adopt the county sys-
tem of supporting the poor, and a farm was procured in the town
of Jackson, and placed in charge of Mr. R. B. Rose.
We have failed to get any response to our communication to
Mr. Rose, and hence are unable to give any information in rela-
tion to the population of this poor-houae.
31
The fact of its existence did not come to the knowledge of
the Board until late in November, of the present year,
BBOWN COUNTY POOR-HOUSE
Is still in charge of Mr. Wm. Rowbotham, as overseer.
No particular change here since our last report. The house
and grounds are kept clean and in good order. The building is
very old and but poorly adapted to the purpose for which it is
used.
We are pleased to learn that the county supervisors contem-
plate the erection of a new and appropriate building. The farm
is very pleasantly located, and when a proper building is erected
the place will compare favorably with any in the state.
COLUMBIA COUNTY POOR-HOUSK.
The impressions made by the visit to this poor-house last year
were very favorable; in fact, all things considered, we pro-
nounced it the ''most homelike and comfortable'' in its appear-
ance of any similar institution in the state, and we are happy
in being able to say, that the visit made during the present
year has fully confirmed our first impressions of the appearance
and management of this poor-house.
The visit this year was made in company with H. W. Roblier,
Esq., one of the county superintendents of the poor. It was
made early in the morning, before breakfast, in many respects
a very unfavorable time to have the place appear to advantage,
as all housekeepers can well understand, and yet every thing
appeared neat and clean and in good order.
The beds and bedding were in good condition and the linen
remarkably clean, considering that the following day was the
time for the weekly change.
The arrangements for the care of the insane are the best
found in any poor-house in the state, and the cells &nd wards
were in perfect order. The building is so constructed, that the
insane can be divided into four distinct classes, each class hav-
ing a separate apartment into which their cells open, and each
apartment having a separate yard to which the inmates have
32
free access where they can have the air when the weather is
suitable.
The arrangement for the separation of the sexes, is complete
and equal to any thing of the kind in any poor-house in the
State. The privies are also separate.
The grounds around the house are pleasant, with a good num-
ber of shade trees in the front yard.
The inmates took their breakfast, during the visit. The din-
ing room was pleasant and comfortable, and there was a good
wholesome meal on the table served up in good shape.
Everything in and about the house, and in the appearance of
the inmates indicated that they were comfortable and that they
were kindly cared for.
There is every reason to believe that Mr. Roblier, the super-
intendent, who spends several hours every day at the poor-house,
and Mr. Hill the overseer, and his wife are doing their full duty
to those under their charge, and the liberal and enlightened
policy pursued by the authorities of this county in the care of
their unfortunate poor, is worthy of great commendation.
DANS COUNTY POOR-HOUSK.
There is little to be said in relation to this poor-house in ad-
dition to what was said in our former report. Some excellent
improvements have been made since our first visit. The accom-
modations for the insane females have been improved by the
construction of a veranda where they can spend a part of their
time in the open air in pleasant weather.
At a recent meeting of the county board of supervisors, an ap-
propriation was made for the erection of a new building for a
wash-house, in which they propose to have accommodations for
bathing, and in the upper story will be rooms for insane males ^
The suggestions made by this Board Trom time to time for
the improvement of the poor-house, have been kindly re-
ceived by the overseer, the superintendent and the county board,
and we have full confidence that the improvements already in
progress, will be continued until Dane county will be behind no
county in the state, in the extent and completeness of its accom-
modations for the care of her poor.
33
Under the excellent management of Mr. Titus, the overseer,
and his wife, the house and grounds are always neat and in good
order, and the inmates seem to be as comfortable as their circum-
stances will admit of.
DODGE COUNTY POOB-HOUSE.
The system in force in this county for the care of the poor
is somewhat different from that of any other county in the State.
Instead of a board of county superintendents of the poor, the
whole matter is in charge of one man, Mr. A. B. Hitchcock, who
resides at the poor-house and has the personal charge of it as
overseer. Each town bears the entire expense of the support
of its own poor, as much so as though there was no county poor-
house. They can provide for them in their own homes in their
own towns, or they can send them to the poor-house. The ac-
tual cost of keeping the paupers at the poor-house, per capita,
is ascertained, and this is the price the towns are required to
pay for all they send there. If they can provide for a pauper
at home at less cost than at the poor-house, he need not be sent
there. The result is that those received from the towns are
generally old, feeble or helpless, so that they can render little
or no aid in the way of labor. A county pauper, that is, one
who has not resided long enough in a town to acquire a legal
residence, can secure aid out of the poor-house to the amount
of ten dollars only, on the order of Mr. Hitchcock, the county
superintendent.
A large proportion of the inmates of the poor-house are al-
ways county paupers. Of the 63 inmates on the day the house
was visited, 44 were county paupers and 19 town paupers. Out-
agamic county having no county poor-house, has an arrange-
ment with Mr. Hitchcock by which paupers from that county
are taken care of. Since the visit of last year, great improve-
ments have been made.
An addition has been made to the main building 30 feet by 60,
two stories high, with a connection 16 feet by 20. When completed
it will be one of the most extensive and best arranged buildings
of the kind in the State, capable of accommodating about one
8— C. & R. )Doc. 13.)
34
hundred inmates. The arrangement for the separation of the
sexes is complete. Two new priries have been built, located in
different parts of the grounds, one for each sex. A division
fence is to be erected so that the sexes will have separate yards.
There are four cisterns, one with a capacity of five hundred bar-
rels, and the other three with an aggregate capacity of five hun-
dred barrels, making a total capacity of one thousand barrels.
There is also a good well on the place. Bathing accomodations
are much needed. There is room in the new building where
they can be arranged, and there will always be an abundant
supply of water. Attention is called to this matter with the
assurance that the officers of a county that has made such ex-
cellent and abundant provision for the care of its poor will
not allow so pressing a want as this to be long unsupplied.
The bam, cow-stables, pig-pen, and the out-buildings gener-
ally, were in excellent order. Mr. Hitchcock^s long experience in
the position he holds has well qualified him for the discharge of
its important duties, and he is evidently the right man in the
right place.
The grounds in the front of the building are tastefully laid
out, and are inclosed with a good, substantial, yet quite ornamen-
tal fence. Hedges and trees have been set out during the past
year, that in a few years will add much to the beauty of the
place.
Too much praise cannot be awarded to the Supervisors of
Dodge county for the enlightened and liberal views they have
shown in the provisions they have made for the care of the poor
in their midst, and in what they have already done we have the
assurance that in the future, nothing will be left undone that they
can be satisfied an enlightened humanity demands should be
done. The building for the insane is in about the same condi-
tion in which it was found at our previous visit. We are pleas-
ed to state that arrangements have been made for two large
yards or airing courts for the insane, one for each sex. The con-
dition of the insane in this building is sad to contemplate. They
are chiefly of the most difficult class to manage, violent and filthy
and disposed to destroy their clothing, and there is no poor-
35
house in the State that has proper facilities for taking care of
this class of the Insane.
It is hoped that the opening of the new hospital for the Insane
at Oshkoshj will aiford the opportunity for the removal of the
most of these cases. •
The county employs a physician by the year to look after the
welfare of the inmates of the poor-house and jail. Dr. Barber
has held this position for about twelve years, and owing, doubt-
less, to his watchful care, no epidemic has ever visited the poor-
house. The doctor seems to be as deeply interested in the
welfare of the inmates of the house as though they were all
members of his own family; and he is constantly on the watch
to administer to their comfort and well-being.
FOND DU LAC COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
No improvements, and, in fact, no changes of any kind have
been made in this poor-house during the past year.
What was said of it in our last report would hardly need to
be changed, to describe its condition when visited on the 7th
day of August last.
The great trouble here is the presence of a class of violent
and filthy insane, that are not, and cannot be properly cared for
in such a place.
GBANT COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
No particular change has taken place in this poor-house since
our last report. It is still in charge of Mr. Halbert, as over-
seer, who receives two dollars per week for taking care of the
paupers, for which he boards and clothes them, and pays doctor
bills and funeral expenses, furnishes the house entirely, and
owns all the personal property in and about the house.
Mr. Halbert has been in charge of the poor-house about ten
years, and the system seems to have worked well in his hands ;
at all events, we heard no complaints from any one, and we were
informed that the county authorities were well satisfied with his
administration. Mr. Halbert talks of leaving at the close of
the present year. Should he do so, we would strongly recom-
36
mend to the county authorities a change in their system.
While it may have worked satisfactorily in the hands of Mr.
Halbert, we regard it as a vicious system in itself, and the
sooner it is laid aside, the better will it be for all concerned.
The county board should take the place under their immediate
charge, appoint some one to run it for the county, fix up the
buildings so that there can be a complete separation of the sexes
at night, build two privies in different parts of the grounds,
make two large yards for the use of the insane, one for each
sex, get a supply of more appropriate furniture, new beds and
bedding, build a new barn, provide bathing accommodations,
and make sundry other improvements for the comfort of the
inmates of the place. But whether they change the system or
not, we trust there will be no hesitation in making the improve-
ments we have suggested, as they are imperatively demanded
if Grant county would keep up with her sister counties in pro-
viding for the wants of the poor in her midst.
GREEX COUNTY POOR-IIOUSE.
But little change has been made in this poor-house except
that the lack of proper drainage spoken of in our last report
has been remedied by the construction of a drain leading to the
piggery.
The present arrangement of the building is bad. In ap-
proaching the house a person has to pass through the barn-yard
and the wood-yard. The barn and especially the piggery are
too near the house. There is really no front yard to the poor-
house proper, and with the preseiit arrangement of the barn and
out-buildings it is almost, if not quite an impossibility to keep
things neat and inviting around the house. The location of the
house away from the public highway is good, and in the event
a proper arrangement of the barn and out-buildings could be
made, the place would appear as comfortable and attractive as
any in the State. We could see no reason to doubt that Mr.
Bennett, the overseer is doing all he can, but with his unfavor-
able surroundings, it is hardly possible to make the place ap-
pear neat and clean. We were pleased to learn that the super-
37
visors are aT^ake to the fact that the out-buildings are badly
located and that they are contemplating their removal to more
favorable situations. The house itself is far from being what it
should be. The basement is damp and the cells in which some
of the insane are confined at night and sometimes during the
day, must be unhealthy. The plastering has fallen off in many
places, and the house needs a general overhauling.
The evils spoken of in our former report growing out of the
mixing up and promiscuous association of sane with the insane
still exists, and if any thing are worse than they were a year
ago.
The promiscuous association of the sane with the insane, is a
great wrong to both parties, and should not be allowed one mo-
ment longer than is absolutely necessary. This evil exists in
many of the poor-houses of the state, but in no place is it more
marked than in the Green county poor-house. It is hoped that
the completion of the new hospital at Oshkosh and the enlarg-
ment of the hospital at Madison, will furnish sufficient room to
accommodate all now in poor-houses, who are proper subjects for
hospital care and treatment. The privy arrangements at this poor-
house are very objectionable, there being but one building, with
two apartments for the whole house, both reached by a narrow
walk, raised some four or five feet from the main building.
There should be two privies located in diflferent parts of the
grounds, and in the re-arrangment of the house, bathing accom-
modations should be provided.
IOWA COUNTY POOR-HOTJSE.
Some improvements have been made during the past year. A
room has been prepared for bathing purposes, and arrangements
made for heating water. A large cistern has been built, which
will furnish a good supply of water for washing and bathing.
Mr. W. F. Rewey is still in charge of the place as overseer
but since the previous visit of the Board, he has buried his wife.
He is doing his best for the comfort and well-being of those un-
der his charge, but everywhere could be seen evidence of the
loss of his excellent wife. She performed a very important part
38
in the care of the house and its inmates, and it will not be easy
to make her place good.
JEFFEBSON COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
This place was found to be in a most excellent condition; the
improvements made since the previous visit of the Board, being
most marked and gratifying.
The suggestions made by this 'Board to the overseer for the
improvement of the condition of the insane, all seem to have
been carefully followed. The apartment for the insane was neat
and clean and free from all bad odors.
It would seem impossible for any one to keep such a class of
persons in such a building, in better condition than they were
found, under the system of treatment necessarily pursued.
Everything about the house and out-buildings was in excel-
lent order, and we feel assured that Mr. Foster, the overseer, is
a most valuable man in the place he now occupies.
An addition to the building, something very much needed, is
in process of erection, and when completed, the grounds around
the house should be improved.
There should be a new fence in front; shade trees should be
set out, and a flower garden made. A little expense in these di-
rections, will add much to the appearance and comfort of the
place.
KENOSHA CITY POOR-IIOUSE
Is still in charge of Mrs. Colby, and is still in the favorable
condition spoken of in our previous report.
L4l FAYETTE COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
But little can be said of this place in addition to what was
said in our previous report.
Captain Osborn is still in charge as overseer. The buildings
and grounds around the house are in most excellent order. The
house is as clean and neat as possible. The beds and bedding
are good and comfortable, and in good order.
The arrangement of the privies, all under one roof, is bad;
there should be two of them, one for each sex, located in differ-
39
ent parts of the grounds. The house is defective, in that it is
not properly arranged for a separation of the sexes at night. It
is so large, and the number of inmates so few that no difficulty is
experienced on this account now, but should the house ever be
filled to its utmost capacity, or nearly so, great trouble and
annoyance would result.
MARATHON COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
No change to note in this poor-house.
MILWAUKJCE COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
This institution was not found in as good a condition as it
was when first visited last year. It contained, at the time of
the visit, forty- eight insane persons, nineteen males and twenty-
nine females; and other inmates as follows: thirty-two males
and twelve females; fourteen children, eight boys and six girls.
Ten of the children attend a school in the house, taught by Miss
Fitzgerald.
The beds in the male department were in a very unsatisfac-
tory condition. There was a great deficiency of straw in the
ticks; the bedding was soiled, and the bedsteads overrun with
vermin. There was a lack of neatness around the buildings.
The privy in the yard for the insane was in the worst possible
shape, emitting a foul odor.
The privies for the sane inmates were in a bad condition.
Those for the males and females were together, in quite a pxiblic
place, and all without doors. One or two of them had loose
boards that could be set up in place of doors, but sufficient only
partially to cover the open space.
The hospital was neat and clean, and the inmates appeared to
be well cared for.
There was, however, a bad smell all over the house, and in
some parts of it, especially on the female side, it was almost in-
tolerable. It was enough to create sickness, and it is difficult
to understand how invalids can recover in such an atmosphere.
The Superintendent said that this state of things had existed
for a long time; that it arose from a defect in the construction
40
of the building, or in the arrangements for ventilation or heat-
ing, the foul air from the privy getting into the flues and com-
ing into the building through the heat registers.
This is something for which Mr. Kcrin is not responsible, and
its existence is a matter of great regret and annoyance to him.
3IONROB COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
This poor-house has been but recently established, at the
date of our last report, being but partially organized. When
visited this year it was found in charge of William H. Goode.
There were thirteen inmates; seven men, five women and one
child. One man was insane, one idiotic, and two were cripples,
and three of the women were insane. Mr. Goode took charge
of the farm in May last, paying the county $300 per annum
rent, and receiving from the county three dollars per week for
the insane, and two dollars and a quarter for the sane. If any
are sick, the county agrees to pay a reasonable amount in addi-
tion for their care, A part of the paupers were kept in the
house in which Mr. Goode lived, and the balance in an old log
house across the road. Last summer, several paupers who were
sick were kept in the barn loft. In the main building, one room
up stairs had four beds in it; three beds occupied each by a
man, and the fourth by a man and his wife. The buildings are
old, and in winter must be very cold. The log house needs re-
pairs very badly. The roof was very open. The whole prem-
ises were untidy and neglected. Mr. Goode readily admitted
that the premises were not in a suitable condition, but claimed
to be doing the best he could with the material furnished by
the county board. The county board ought to furnish better
buildings, and then require Mr. Goode to keep the whole prem-
ises much cleaner than they were found.
We think the system adopted by the County Board an unwise
and unsafe one. We think it would be far better to employ a
man to run the place for the county, and then hold him to a
strict accountability.
Let the overseer be so situated that he shall have no motive
other than to do the best in his power for the county, and for
the unfortunates placed in his charge.
41
OZAUKEE COUNTY.
^ The poor of this county are still kept by Mr, John U. Keller,
at Saukville. He has a contract with the Board of Supervisors
by which he takes care of the poor of the county in his own
house, boarding and clothing them for the sum of $900 for the
year.
We are of the opinion expressed in our previous report, that
this is a very unwise system and ought to be abandoned.
PIERCE COUNTY POOR-HOUSE
Is situated at Ellsworth. It was not opened until December
12, 1871. The entire number of inmates during the year was
thirteen, and the average number five.
The number in the house on the first day of December, 1872,
was three, two male and one female.
The expense of the poor-house during the year was $1,000.
The paupers are boarded by the week, the house is furnished
by the county, and the keeper receives two dollars and fifty
cents per week for boarding each inmate. The county pur-
chases all clothing necessary for paupers, and the keeper has the
use of the farm. The farm contains two hundred acres, of
which thirty acres are under cultivation.
We regret the county has adopted the system of boarding
its paupers in this way, as we regard it as a plan that is much
more liable to abuse than that of having the house and farm run
by the county, as is the case in most of the poor-houses of the
state.
RACINE COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
The remarks made in the previous report of the Board in re-
lation to the situation of this house, when visited in 1871, will
^ apply to the situation when last visited.
The insane man, then described as being in an out-building
in a cage or pen, on a heap of straw, in a nude state, was still
in the same condition.
The basement was still damp, and in a wet time the floor cov-
ered with water, and the drainage still defective.
42
An addition is now being made to the building, and when
this is completed, the facilities for taking care of the inmates
of the house will be greatly increased.
It is the intention of the county authorities to go right on and
construct a drain that will correct the trouble with the base-
ment floors and also to remove the standing water and slops
from the yard. There appears to be a disposition on the part
of the county authorities to correct the defects in the building,
and to make the place all that is needed for the accommodation
and comfort of its inmates.
We are still of the opinion, as expressed in our last year's re-
port, that the best policy of the county would have been to have
sold the farm and purchased one more favorably located, and
erected a house expressly for the purpose, but as the improve-
ments now in progress show a design to retain the present place,
we would urge the setting out of shade trees, and the laying out of
a flower garden with the view of giving the place a more attrac'
tive and home-like appearance.
It is hoped that among the contemplated changes, there will
be a partition in the house, so as to make a complete separation
between the sleeping apartments of the sexes, and the building
of two privies in different parts of the grounds, in place of
the double one now in existence.
Mr. Shepard, the overseer, and his excellent wife, seem to be
unwearied in the discharge of their duties and in their efforts to
promote the welfare of those in their charge, but Mr. Shepard
has more to do than any one man can properly attend to, and
the county authorities ought to provide him with help in the
conduct of the farm or else increase his compensation so that he
can hire help on his own account.
There is much that ought to be done around the house and
grounds to beautify and improve the place, that Mr. Shepard
would gladly do if he had the time or help to do it.
ROCK COUNTY POOR-HOUSE.
Great improvements have been made in this poor-house since
our visits of last year.
43
Every thing in and around the house was found neat and in
good order.
Two new privies have been built since the house was last vis-^
ited, one for each sex. They are located in different yards, and
the yards are separated by a good substantial fence. The room
which was so severely commented upon in the previous report of
the Board, has been completely renovated and painted, and now
appears clean, comfortable and ventilated.
The building for the use of the insane was in excellent order.
The cells were clean, and the air was pure. One man only was-
confined in the building; two were in the yard attached to the
building. The dark rooms in the main building, spoken of in
our previous report, are still without light, but an arrangement
has been made by which the ventilation has been very much im-
proved.
From the examination made of the house and grounds, we
are satisfied that Mr. Pickett, the overseer, is doing all in his*
power for the welfare of those in his charge; that in the build-
ing of the new privies, in the improved ventilation, in the com-
plete renovation of the room occupied by the old men, in the
neatness and cleanliness of the yards and out-buildings, we find
the evidence that every effort has been made to promote the
comfort and well-being of the inmates of the house.
We notice that many of the old wooden bedsteads have been
removed and replaced with single iron bedsteads.
For a large number of the inmates of our poor-houses, espe-
cially the old men and women, we regard the single bed as a
necessity, and we would recommend its use in all cases where
practicable. We have seen nothing we regard as better adapted
for the purpose, than the iron bedstead they are introducing in
this poor-house.
We would again respectfully call the attention of the county
authorities to the importance of the introduction of light into
the dark rooms already spoken of, and also to the great need of
providing suitable accommodations for bathing.
44
ST. CEOIX COUNTY POOB-HOUSE
Is situated in the town of Kinnikinnick, on a farm of two
hundred acres. The house was opened for the reception of in-
mates January 1, 1871.
The whole number of paupers during the year 1872 was
eleven, and the average number was eight.
The number in the house on the first day of December, 1872,
was eight, six males and two females.
Of the inmates of the house, three are insane and one idiotic.
The overseer receives a salary of $550, for the services of
himself and wife.
VERNON COUNTY POOE-HOUSE.
The house has been painted since our last report, and a few
other slight repairs made. The privies are in the worst possi-
ble condition, but assurances are given that two new ones should
be speedily built, one for each sex, located in different parts of
the grounds. The hog yard is still too near the house. More
shade trees should be set out. A new fence is needed in front
of the house. There should be more cistern room, and arrange-
ments for bathing accommodations should be made. The small,
unsightly out-buildings about the house should be removed, and
the place cleaned up. The house is very much crowded, and
should be enlarged at once.
Among the inmates of the house are ten idiots, some of them
of the most helpless class. There are no suitable accommoda-
tions for these helpless creatures.
The farm is a good one and the location of the house is excel-
lent, and there is no reason why this may not be made one of
the best poor-houses in the State.
We have the assurance that the county authorities have pom-
menced a work of reform in their legislation in relation to the
poor-house at their last session, and that they intend to keep on
until they have "a place worthy of the large and prosperous
county they represent.
45
WALWORTH COUNTY POOB-UOCSE.
The condition in which this establishment was found wa s
highly satisfactory. Everything in and around the house was
neat and in good order. The beds and bedding appeared to be
clean and comfortable, and the whole place had a cheerful, and
homelike aspeot. The inmates all appeared as if they were well
cared for. The arrangements for the separation of the sexes are
complete. There are separate privies and although at some lit-
tle distance apart there should be a fence between them. The sug
gestion was made to the superintendents of the poor, two of whom
were present at the time of the visit, and assurances were given
that a fence should soon be put up. Bathing arrangements
have been introduced since the last report. The overseer in
speaking of it says, '^ we have a bath tub and we find it to
be a fine thing, and I think every institution of this kind should
have one, and I hardly know how we got along without one as
we did.''
The buildings are not quite large enough for the accommoda-
tion of the poor of the county, nor are the original buildings
that were on the farm at the time it was purchased, well adapted
to the purposes for which they are now used, but such as they
have are used to the best advantage, and kept in excellent con-
dition. The place is still in charge of the Hon. Thos. W. Hill
and his wife. Mr. Hill is one of the county superintendents of
the poor, and one of the leading citizens of the county.
The inmates of the poor-house, as well as the people of the
county generally, are favored in having such persons in charge
of the place. Upwards of twenty, about one-half of the whole
number of the inmates of the poor-house, are either insane or
idiotic. This makes the task of the overseer and his wife a
very difficult one.
The farm and grounds around the house were in excellent
order, and the crops were good. The suggestions made by the
Board at their visit last year, have been carefully followed.
The whole establishment is a credit to the county.
46
WASHINGTON COUNTY POOB-HOUSE
Contained thirty-three inmates on the first day of December,
1872, twenty-five males and eight females.
Of this number, five were children under ten years of age;
twenty-two over fifty; twenty over sixty; sixteen over seventy,
and seven over eighty years of age.
Three of the inmates are insane.
The entire expense of the house during the past year was
$3,000. The overseer receives a salary of $300, and an allow-
ance of $136 for extra help.
WAUKESHA COUNTY POOB-HOUSB.
This place seemed to be in excellent condition, much better
than when visited a year ago. The drainage had been much
improved; there was a gate at the entrance to the front yard,
and there was a general appearance of neatness and order in
and around the house.
So far ^as what depends upon the overseer, Hon. George C.
Pratt, is concerned, we saw but little, if anything, to criticise,
but there is much for the county authorities to do. The stone
building for the insane and for the male inmates of the house
is still in the condition described in the previous report of the
Board. It should be fixed before winter, or it will be very un-
comfortable during the cold weather. The great want of the
place is more room, which should be provided with as little delay
as possible. There are five persons compelled to occupy apart-
ments in the cellar, a blind man and his insane wife and a wo-
man partially insane and her three children. The place con-
tains quite a number of old men from sixty to ninety odd years
of age. These feeble old men are compelled to sleep two in a
bed, on small bedsteads and in small rooms. Some of them
were sick, and the room-mates of the sick ones were compelled
to sleep in the barn during the warm weather.
An additional privy for the women should be built in another
part of the grounds. There should be two large yards for the
insane. One woman has to be confined in her room, and in an-
other room a man has to be chained.
47
No one has been met with in the State who seems to under-
stand more fully the wants of the poor, or to appreciate more
fully their condition than does Mrs. Pratt, the worthy wife of the
overseer.
From those in the house, who are unable to go out to work,
she gets all the aid they are able to render.
The old and feeble, who have no other hope than to end their
days in the poor-house, she endeavors to reconcile to their lot.
She appeals to their better nature, and tries to excite their self-
respect. She tells them that the fact that they are poor, is no
reason why they should not still be ladies and gentlemen. She
tells them to regard the place where they are as their home, and
to try and make it homelike — so far as they are able to beautify
it, to set out trees and plants, to cultivate flowers, and to do all
they can to make the place comfortable and pleasant.
Before her husband took charge of the place she had an idea
that the inmates were a very unpleasant class of persons to get
alohg with; that they were rough, selfish, ungrateful, always dis-
satisfied and complaining; hard to please and hard to manage;
but she said she had found it altogether otherwise, that she had
had no trouble with them; that they were easily managed; that
what she did for them, always seemed to be just what they
wanted, and that ihey always seemed thankful for what was
done. She seemed surprised to find things so different from
what she had imagined before she came there.
An hour spent in her company, listening to her remarks in
relation to the way in which the poor ought to be treated, and
in noticing her manner of intercourse with the inmates of the
house, was sufficient to solve the mystery. The whole secret is
in her kind feelings towards the unfortunates under her charge,
manifested in all her actions, — in all that she says and does.
She is kind and loving, and this begets kindness and love in
those under her charge.
An hour spent with Mrs. Pratt has thrown more light upon
the difficult questions as to what should be done for the poor
and how they should be treated, than has months of study and
investigation in visiting the poor-houses of our own State, and
48
reading of their condition in other States. Provide them with
comfortable quarters, good wholesome food, and place them in
charge of women like Mrs. Pratt, and but little, if anything
more, could be asked.
%VlNNEBAGO COUNTY POOB-HOUSE.
But little change has been made in this poor-house since last
year. The rooms, the beds and bedding, were found clean and
in good order. There is, however, a lack of neatness around the
house and grounds. Heaps of dirt and rubbish might be re-
moved without at all injuring the appearance of things.
The arrangements for the separation of the sexes at night, are
very imperfect, and should be made more complete.
POOB-HOUSES— GENERAL BEMABKS.
The improvement in the condition of some of the poor-
houses and their inmates is marked and satisfactory, while in
other cases things have gone along in the old beaten track with
no attempt at improvement. On the whole, the Board feel
greatly encouraged at what has been accomplished.
Their suggestions for changes and improvements, so far as
they are informed, have been kindly received by Overseers of
Poor Houses, County Superintendents of the Poor, and by
County Boards of Supervisors, and in many instances they have
been fully and promptly carried out.
In some counties, the officers charged with the care of the
poor-house have taken hold of the matter of the improvement
of their poor-houses, and the improvement of the condition of
their inmates, in such a manly and determined spirit, as shows
that they will go on until all is done that can reasonably be
asked.
Without repeating what we said on these points, we would
respectfully call attention to the suggestions found on pages
88 to 98 inclusive, of our previous report, in relation to the
importance of cleanliness in our poor-houses; of the necessity
of providing good, wholesome food for the inmates, comfort-
able beds, an abundance of fresh air and pure water; of the
49
advantage of having vegetable and flower gardens, of setting
out trees and shrubbery, of the importance of a proper classifi-
cation of the inmates, and the great disadvantages and evils
growing out of the necessity of keeping the insane in poor-
houses. Another year's experience and observation have con-
firmed us in the correctness of the views then expressed, and
we would respectfully, but earnestly, urge their careful consid-
eration by the people of the State generally, as well as by those
especially charged with the care of the poor and the insane.
4--C. & R. )Doc 18.)
in.
JAILS.
Our previous report contained a description of the size and
arrangement of all the jails in the state, the materials of which
they were constructed, and in most cases the date of their erec-,
tion. None of this information will be repeated in this report.
The jails of the state generally are in about the same condi-
tion as they were a year ago. In some instances they were
found somewhat cleaner and the beds and bedding in better
order, and in two or three cases they were found in a worse
state than they were when first visited. As a general rule, no
real improvement can be made. The great difficulty is with the
system upon which our jails are built and managed. It is not
susceptible of any great improvement; what is needed is an en-
tire and radical change. This change is something that must be
brought about. There is no evading it. It is only a matter of
time. The whole jail system is a disgrace to the civilization of
the nineteenth century, and cannot much longer resist the en-
lightening and reforming influences of the age in which we live.
There can be no difference of opinion in relation to this matter
among those who will examine into it. The subject is under
discussion all over the civilized world, and everywhere the same
conclusion is reached, and that is, that the system is radically
wrong, and that an entire change is needed.
The defects of the system were discussed at some length in
our previous report, to which we would respectfully call atten-
tion. We would also call attention to the " Dsclasation " of
the conference of the State Boards of Illinois, Michigan and
Wisconsin, on the subject, which will be found on page 17 of this
report.
51
At the present time, we shall mention only those jails where
some change for the better or worse has been found, or where
abuses existed that have not been removed.
BKOWN COUNTY JAIL.
This jail was not found in as good a condition as it was last
year. It contained at the time of our visit some ten or a dozen
inmates, among whom were three insane, or partially demented.
Two of this latter class were without clothing save a shirt. It
was quite a cold day in October, and their situation must have
been very uncomfortable. There was a good fire in the stove at
the time of the visit, but when the small stock of wood in the
ward was exhausted, as it was liable to be, the inmates must
have suffered from cold, as one of the windows was entirely
without glass. The cells and jail generally were anything but
clean. There were really no beds, the iron bedsteads having
nothing on them but two or three soiled blankets. The inmates
complained that they did not have clothes enough to protect
them from the cold, and that their cells were filled with vermin.
There is no privy in the building, or any to which they can have
access, except when there is some one present to unlock the
doors and let them out in the yard. The inmates were using the
floor of an empty cell, filling the whole place with a foul odor.
The cells occupied by the two insane or idiotic men who were
without clothes, were without beds, with nothing to cover their
nakedness and protect them from the cold but two or three dirty
blankets. The female apartment contained one woman. She
appeared to be comfortably situated. The defective arrange-
ment between the male and female apartments, by which the
men and women can see and converse with each other, spoken of
in our previous report, has not been remedied. There is a very
unfavorable contrast between the condition of this jail now and
when last visited.
COLUMBIA COUNTY JAIL.
This jail has been altered and very much improved since vis-
ited last year. The cells are now all lined with iron. There is
52
a good yard connected with the jail, but if it was two or three
times as large it would be much better. The jail was clean and
in good order.
CKAWPOED COUKTY JAIL
Was in about the same condition as when previously visited.
There were three inmates at the time of the visit, Sept. 12, 1872;
one had been in since March under indictment for manslaughter
(abortion); another had been confined since June under an in-
dictment for polygamy, and the third was an insane man.
PANB OOUNTY JAIL.
This jail was found in a much better condition than when vis-
ited last year. The beds and bedding were in better order, and
there was no reason to doubt that the jailer was doing all in his
power for the comfort of the prisoners.
The jail, however, is a very defective one. It is badly venti-
lated; the cells are so constructed as to furnish harbors for ver-
min; there is no privy accessible to the inmates unless the jailer
is at hand to unlock the door into the yard; there is a small
yard around the jail, but it is not available to the prisoners for
exercise; there is no place for the detention of witnesses or for
women except the ordinary cells for the prisoners; there are no
arrangements for bathing, and the general construction of the
jail is such as to render it very unsafe for the jailer to enter when
the jail is occupied by desperate characters, as is frequently the
case. The county ought to have the jail entirely reconstructed,
or what would be much better, they should build a new one at
the capital, that may be a model for all the other counties of the
State.
DOPGB COUNTT JAIL
Waa found clean and in good order.
POirn DU JiAC COUNTY JAIL.
No special change to notice in this jail since our last visit.
53
GRANT COUNTY JAIL.
A new jail has been built in this county during the past year,
and it is without question, one of the best in the State. It is
built very much after the style of the Green county jail, which
was fully described in our previous report, although it is claimed
that it has several improvements over that one. So far as the
matter of the security of the inmates is concerned, this jail seems
to be very complete.
The prisoners will be completely enclosed in iron, with no
chance to get through without detection. The cells are in the
centre of the building, with no chance to get to the outer walls,
without working through strong iron guards. The jailer can
enter the building and go all through it without coming in con-
tact with any of the inmates,|and it is so constructed that if he is
on his guard, he can never be taken unawares by a prisoner and
injured.
The jail contains twelve cells, five by seven feet, and so
arranged as to accommodate two in each cell in case of necessity.
Great attention has been paid to ventilation and the i.i.proec'o:!
is that the system apdoted will prove successful. The jail is
abundantly supplied with water for washing purposes, and it is
hoped arrangements will be made for bathing. The supply of
water will be sufficient, and there is a good place for locating a
bath tub.
There is a separate apartment for the women, entirely away
from the apartment for the men.
This jail seems to have one defect, in that there is no com-
fortable place for the inmates to occupy when out of their cells.
The cells open into a narrow corridor or passage way in the cen-
ter of the building, and away from the windows. To be out on
this corridor would be better than to be in the cells, yet to keep
the person confined there is a greater hardship than really seems
necessary.
GREEN COUNTY JAIL.
This jail was found in the same neat and wholesome condition
as at our visit last year, and nothing need be said except to
warmly commend its management.
54
JEFFBSSON COUNTY JAIL. .
This is a very old building, and is a totally unfit place in
which to keep human beings confined.
The apartment for women had three inmates. One insane
woman was locked in a cell. The cell was in a most filthy con-
dition. It was dark and gloomy, and the stench through the
barred doors was almost intolerable. This woman's condition
was about as wretched as can well be conceived of. There are
no conveniencies for taking care of her where she is, and she
ought to be in a hospital for the insane or a poor-house. We
made inquiry to see if she could not be removed, either to the
hospital for the insane or to the county poor-house, and learned
that both places were already filled to overflowingi
The women's apartment in the jail was in a dirty, filthy con-
dition. The privies on both sides of the building were in bad
order, located inside of the building, with no way of escape for
the stench and foul air. The place in its present condition is a
disgrace to the county.
KENOSHA COUNTY JAIL.
We had occasion to speak very strongly of the condition of
this jail in our previous report.
We found things in and about the jail, when visited this
year, in about the same condition as they were in when previ-
ously visited. We could see no particular ground for finding
fault with the sheriff ; he is without doubt doing the best he
can, with his unfavorable surroundings. There is no adequate
remedy for the manifold evils connected with this jail short of
the erection of a new and appropriate building.
LA-CROSSE COUNTY JAIL.
The condition of this jail when visited in April was any thing
but satisfactory. It is badly constructed, with no proper venti-
lation; the lower tier of cells damp and exceedingly uncom-
fortable and unhealthy; no bathing facilities and no yard. The
privy was in the worst possible condition. The accumulations
55
of the entire winter were in a close room in one comer of the
jail, with no ventilation, no way in which the air could get to
it and yet under the same roof and in the comer of thero om
in which all the prisoners were confined. Bad places have been
found before, but nothing that would compare with this in its
disgusting filth and sickening odor.
It is no wonder that the prisoners make attempts to get out.
If they saw any show for success they would be fools not to
make a trial.
At a subsequent visit made to the jail in October, we found
the privy, spoken of above, had been removed, and a new one
built with a vault on the outside of the wall, with a door open-
ing into the jail. There was still an offensive smell from the
privy when the door was opened, which seemed to vitiate the
atmosphere of the entire jail. The trouble is with the con-
struction of the jail, and not with the sheriff or jailer.
LA CBOSSE CITY LOCK-UP.
This place was very severely criticised in our previous report,
and was spoken of as the worst place in the State in which hu-
man beings were confined, and we regret to be obliged to say
that but little improvement has been made during the past year.
In the month of April the lock-up was visited in company
with the mayor of the city, one of the members of the city
council, a member of the committee, having the oversight of
city public buildings, and the chief of police. The place was
without inmates at the time of the visit. The official gen-
tlemen admitted the glaring aspects of the lock-up as a place
in which to confine human beings, and attention having been
called to it in our last report, it is a source of surprise and re-
gret that this lock-up has not been abandoned and a suitable
place provided.
At a subsequent visit made in the month of October, we found
that an opening had been made on the inside of the lock-
up into a cellar, where there was a window which communicated
with the outside world, which has considerably improved the ven-
tilation. Yet after all, it is the same dark, damp, underground
56
hole, deacribed in our report of last year, and should be aban-
doned at the earliest moment practicable.
M3XWAUKEB COUNTY JAIL.
In the month of April, the board visited Milwaukee, and ex-
amined the plans for the new county jail then in process of
erection. It is located on Broadway, adjoining the city police
station. It is to contain 18 cells, 8 by 5 feet, and S^ feet high.
There are five different rooms or corridors in which the prison-
ers can be kept during the day, thus affording a good opportu-
nity for classification.
The arrangements for drainage appear to be good, and the
ventilation excellent. The plan is what is known as downward
ventilation. There are two 12-inch ventilators in each cell con-
necting with the bottom of a shaft, which extends twenty feet
above the top of the building. Each cell has a stool connect-
ing with the main drain or sewer. The doors are iron bars^
crossed so as to admit the air freely.
The cells are constructed of iron, brick and stone, no wood
being used.
At a subsequent visit made in the month of August, when the
jail was nearly ready for occupancy, the board were pleased to
find that, in accordance with the suggestions made to the build-
ing committee of the county supervisors in a written communi-
cation from this board, arrangements had been made by which
the inmates of the jail will be furnished with facilities for
bathing.
The completion of the jail confirms the favorable opinion of
the structure formed by the board from an examination of the
plans in the hands of the architect, but we regret that in conse-
quence of the limited amount of land upon which the building
has been erected, there are not more and better accommodations
for women and detained witnesses.
67
«
MILWAITKBE COUNTT HOUSB OF COBRECTTION.
This institution was visited twice during the past year. The
favorable opinion expressed in our previous report as to the
value and importance of this institution has been fully con-
firmed by subsequent visits. We are fully satisfied that it is a
move in the right direction, and that Milwaukee county has
done much towards the solution of the vexed question as to
what is to be done with our common jails.
At the time of the visit of the Board, in August, 1872, the
institution contained 74 inmates belogning to the House of Cor-
rection proper, and three persons, under the charge of the sher-
iff of Milwaukee county, awaiting trial; one on a charge of
murder, and two on a charge of burglary.
The number of persons in confinement, Oct. 1, 1871, was 68
Committed since 579
Total 647
Discharged since 575
Bemaining in confinement, Oct 1, 1872 72
Average number per day ^
Male prisoners 514
Female prisoners 65
679
Native bom 177
Foreign bom 402
579
The ages of the persons were as follows:
18 years old 4
14 do 5
16 . . . .do 5
17 ... do 11
18 do . 16
19 ....do 20
From 20 to 30 years old 207
From 80 to 40 years old 166
From 40 to 50 years old 97
From 50 to 60 years old 88
60 years old 8
62 do 4
66 do 4
66 ....do 1
69 do 1
70 do 8
Total 679
58
»
The expenditures were as follows:
For erocercies and proyisions |5,029 63
Tight and soap 118 42
forage 828 62
fuel 897 00
clothing and bedding 928 57
repairs 225 72
improvements 685 00
postage, stationery, etc., etc 246 40
salaries 5, 954 00
$14,358 86
^' In the total of $14,353.36, are included the expenses incurred
in boarding two jail-guards, and an average number of four jail"
prisoners per day from September 30, 1871, to August 12, 1872»
when they were removed to the new jail of the county of Mil-
waukee."
In a recent communication from the Hon. Daniel Kennedy,
the inspector, he says: " During the year, from September 30th,
1871, to October 1st, 1872, this institution has not drawn for
one cent on the county, and when the Board of Supervisors
levied the taxes last fall, for the year coming, they, did not find
it necessary to make any appropriation for this institution."
When the institution was visited in the month of August, we
noticed three boys, from 12 to 15 years of age, and we observe
from the report of the Inspector, that during the past year nine
persons have been inmates of the institution under 15 years of
age. These lads appear very much out of place, surrounded by
such a company of old and hardened offenders. The Industrial
School for Boys, at Waukesha, would be a far more appropriate
place for lads of this age.
While the institution seems to be well managed, so far as its
sanitary and industrial interests are concerned, there is evidently
a great defect in the fact that nothing is done for the education
and reformation of the inmates. There should be some regular
system of instruction organized, by which a portion of time,
each day, shall be devoted to the education and moral training
of the prisoners.
69
MONBOB COUNTY JAIL.
This jail was in about the same condition as it was last jear.
At the time of the visit it contained eight persons, seven men
and one woman. Two of the men were insane. A woman had
just been arrested and brought to the jail, charged with an at-
tempt to kill and commit arson. She was lying upon the floor,
very drunk, and was a sad sight.
BACIKE COUNTY JAIL.,
This building is old and in many respects very defective. It
appears, however, to be kept in most excellent order. The
cells were remarkably clean, having recently been whitewashed,
and the whole place was free from unpleasant odors. . The im-
pression made by the visit was, that the sheriff and his deputy
were taking excellent care of the jail and its inmates.
It is hoped that the county will soon provide a more suitable
building.
SAUK COUNTY JAIL,
This jail was visited for the first time in June last
It contained at the time of the visit five inmates. One was
an insane woman who had been in the jail some three or four
years. She has been an inmate of the hospital for the insane,
near Madison. The most of the time she is quiet and inoffens-
ive, but occasionally is violent and dangerous.
One insane man, quiet and inoffensive, and does considerable
work. He was sawing wood at the time of the visit.
Another insane man, who at times is dangerous. Both of
these men have been in the hospital for the insane.
One man was soon to go out, having been sentenced for
ninety days for stealing. It is the fourth time he has been in
the jail. He was in before for vagrancy and drunkenness.
The other inmate was awaiting his trial on a charge of mur-
der. He had been in jail since April, and was to be tried in
September. Although this jail is open to much criticism it is
much better than many of the jails of the State. The cells are
60 .
large, and when occupied by but one person, are much better
than the cells in most of the jails.
Considerable attempt has been made to secure good ventila-
tion, but it is thought with indifferent success. The air of the
jail was quite impure and offensive. A frequent and abundant
use of water, frequent whitewashing and a free use of disin-
fectants, would greatly improve the air and the general appear-
ance of the jail.
SHEBOYGAN OOXTirTY JAIL.
This jail was visited for the first time in the month of August
last.
The jail is located under the court house, above ground, and
on the satne level as the Sheriff's appartments; his appartments
occupying the centre, and one side of the building and the jail
the other side. The jail contained one idiot, three insane men
and one insane woman. There are also six male prisoners and
one female.
The two females occupy two cells, in one of the wards of the
jail, and the males, sane and insane occupy the other ward. The
women are allowed considerable liberty, both of them doing
more or less work in the Sheriff^s ifamily.
The prisoners seemed to be well taken care of and it is doubt-
ful if they would run away if the doors were unlocked and they
were requested to remain; that is, the sane ones.
There is a fair sized yard connected with the jail in which the
insane men spend the most of their time when the weather is
suitable. Some of the insane men are troublesome at times, one
man stays in his bed in his cell all the time; another destroys his
clothes: another is occasionally violent and liable to injure any
one who comes near him.
The presence of these men in the ward with the sane prison-
ers is very unpleasant and annoying, and there is but little
doubt that as a consequence of this annoyance the insane men,
are often abused and ill-treated.
One of the prisoners was remarking that he had considerable
care of one of the insane men, and that he often found it neces-
61
sary to punish him, speaking of the fact as a practice that wa
all right, and the idea that there was anything wrong in his fre-
quent '' strapping " of the poor unfortunate, had probably never
entered his mind.
The situation of things in this jail furnishes another illustra-
tion of the great wrong of keeping insane persons in places of
this kind.
YEBNON COUNTY JAIL.
This jail has been enlarged by the addition of two iron cells,
since last year. The jail as a whole, is a very defective affair.
The prisoners must be kept confined in their cells all the time,
or else they must be entirely at liberty. There is no place out-
side of the cells, where they can be kept any more securely than
they would be in an ordinary wooden house.
The cells are designed to have small stoves in them in cold
weather. There are two small openings in the doors, and a
small opening in the rear ; these openings being the only means
for lighting and ventilation.
There was but one inmate in the jail at the time of the visit,
and he was awaiting trial on a charge of horse stealing. He had
been in confinement one month, and two months more would
elapse before he could have his trial.
WALWORTH COUNTY JAIL.
This jail was about in the same condition in which it was
when visited last year. The sheriff seems to take good care of
the jail and its inmates.
The building is old and not adapted to the purpose for which
it is used, and should be replaced by a new one.
WAUKESHA COUNTY JAIL.
This jail is old and insecure, two prisoners having made their
escape a day or two previous to our visit.
It appears to be well kept, everything clean and in good order,
and the prisoners well cared for.
62
WINNSBAGO OOUNTY JATL.
There were fifty-eight persons confined in this jail dunng the
year 1871. The average time the prisoners were in jail was
twenty-eight days. Among the number is one insane man. No
special change to note in the condition of this jail.
IV.
Milwaukee Charitable Institutions.
At the last session of the Legislature, an appropriation of
one thousand dollars was mad^ to each of the following-named
institutions located in Milwaukee:
St. Mary's Hospital.
Milwaukee Hospital.
St. Rose's Orphan Asylum.
St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum.
Milwaukee Orphan Asylum.
Home for the Friendless.
Wisconsin Seaman's Friend Society.
St. Ameliana's Orphan Asylum.
By reason of the acceptance of these appropriations, these in-
stitutions were brought under the supervision of this Board in
the same manner and to the same extent as are the state chari-
table and penal institutions.
Appropriations have been made by the state to these and
other charitable institutions in Milwaukee and elsewhere since
these organizations, as follows:
TO ST. MABY's hospital, MILWAUKEE.
In 1862 $3,000
1868 8,000
1864 1,250
1865 500
1866 500
1867 1,500
1868 4,100
1869 500
1872 1,000
f 15, 850
64
TO MILWAUKEE HOSPITAL.
In 1865 1500
1866 600
1867 4,000
1868 1,000
1869 600
1872 1,000
7,600
TO HILWATTKBE ORPHAN ABTLUH.
In 1866 '. $500
1867 600
1868 600
1869 600
1872 1,000
TO ST. Joseph's orphan asylt^c, Milwaukee.
In 1867 $600
1868 600
1869 600
1872 1,000
8,000
2,600
TO ST. rose's orphan ASYLUM, MILWAUKEE.
In 1866 1600
1867 600
1868 600
1869 600
1872 1,000
18,000
TO ST. AMELIANUS' ORPHAN ASYLUM, MILWAUKEE CO.
In 1866 1500
1867 600
1868 600
1872 1,000
2,600
TO WISCONSIN seaman's FRIEND SOCIETY, MILWAUKEE.
Inl869 $1,000
1372 1,000
$8,000
TO HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS, MILWAUKEE.
Inl868 $8,000
1869 600
1872 1,000
$4,600
65
TO ST. MABT^B ABTLVM, BLM GROTS, WAUKBBHA CO.
In 1867....: 1500
1868 1,500
1869... 600
$3,500
TO ST. ABMIDIUS' ASYLUM, SOUTH POINT, IflLWAUKEE.
In 1868 500
TO ST. claba's ACADSMY, GBANT CO.
In I860 600
H8,850
There has always been
A WIDE DIFFERENOB OF OPINION
among the people of the state, as to the propriety of these appro-
priations, and whenever the question has been before the Legisla-
ture there has always been an excited and protracted discussion
resulting, sometimes in favor of the appropriations, and again
in opposition to them.
In order that the Legislature may have as many facts as possi-
ble before them, in relation to the character and objects of these
institutions, to aid in the decision of this question when it again
comes up, we present in this report —
FiBST, The act of incorporation of all the institutions to which
appropriations were made last year. An examination of these
acts will show the objects and the corporate power of the insti-
tutions.
Second, A paper prepared by some one connected with each
of the institutions containing information on the following
points:
(a) When was the institution organized?
(J) Who was it established by?
(c) How is it governed?
5— C. & R. (Doc. 13.)
66
(d) To whom, and how often wre reports made?
(e) Who are its officers?
(/) DescripticHi of the property owned hj the institntion^
its location^ quality of hmd, and yalae, with and withoat the
buildings.
(g) In what name is the title to the property?
(A) Is it all paid for?
(i) If any encumbrance on the property; amount, to whom
payable, and when due.
(J) State the special object of the institution, giving statistics
and facts showing its value, and the good it has accomplished.
Third. A statement of the receipts and expenditures during
the past year, in all cases where we have been able to procure
them, with some figures showing the economy with, which the
institutions have been managed.
The more we have looked into the history and work of these
institutions, the more deeply have we been impressed with
THEIR VALUE AXD IMPORTANCE.
Each one seems to be performing a work peculiar to itself,
and a work which, if left unperformed, would leave exposed to
want and suffering a large number of persons.
These institutions have been established and are now con*
trolled by men and women of high standing in the community,
many of them distinguished as christians and philanthropists,
and we have had abundant evidence to satisfy us that they are
managed with a high degree of skill, prudence and economy.
They are not only an honor and a credit to the city within
whose boun'ls they are mostly located, but they are institutions
of which the whole state may well be proud.
During the comparatively few years of the existence of these
institutions, upwards of
TEX THOUSAND PERSONS
have been sheltered beneath their hospitable roofs, and been the
recipients of the blessings they have been established to confer.
67
Five of these institutions have been planned and established,
and are now governed by women, and if there are any persons
in the community who doubt the ability of women to plan,
establish and successfully conduct institutions of the kind, they
can have all their doubts removed by making an examination
into the history and workings of these.
68
Q
55
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69
Statistics of Milwaukee Charitable Institutions — continued.
Kamb or
Ihbtxtutzon.
Amount of
money recM
from State
Treasury.
Cash on hand
at commence-
ment of year.
Amount re-
ceived dur-
ing the year.
Am*t nald
for Buoaist-
ence.
St. Mary^s Ho^ital. . .
*St. Rosa's Orphan As
*St. Joseph's. . .do. . . .
Milwaukee do. . . .
St Amelianus .do ... .
Home for Friendless. .
f Milwaukee Hospital,
n^amen's Bethel Homfi
115,850 00
8,000 00
2,500 00
8,000 00
2,500 00
4,500 00
7,500 00
2,000 00
$116 27
$7,866 14
$3. 181 07
2,547 46
9,100 00
780 57
191 59
12,854 11
9,226 39
7,149 15
8,470 16
4,618 05
2,884 89
2,986 89
007 74
15 00
6,480 25
t-. - .Ml.. ..
* The financial accounts of these two asylums are kept as one.
t No financial report this year.
Statistics of Milwaukee Charitable Iiistitutioiu — continued.
Kaxkof
iKBTrrUTIOW.
St Mary's Hospital
St Rose's Orphan Asylum )
St Joseph's Orphan. do. . )
Milwaukee Orphan Asylum
St Amelianus Orphan, .do.
Home of the Friendless. . . .
Seaman's Bethel Home
^Milwaukee Hospital
AiinU paid
for current
expenses for
1873.
(6,506 88
10,709 88
6,287 28
6,108 89
1, 970 85
4,561 38
AmH paid
on Indebt-
edness.
1700 00
8,051 00
1,300 00
1,988 92
Am't paid
for all other
purposes.
1567 68
5,000 00
160 00
62 65
Cash on
hand at
close of
the year.
(209 35
1, 141 19
6,989 11
1,651 88
828 25
*Xo financial report of this institution for the year 1873.
SlatUtics <f Milvsaukee Charitable ItiatitutiOTU — continued.
Ni«B or LormmcN.
III
i
Hi
1
1195 S8
79 17
105 71
78 35
13 60
1 50
aoe
1 60
$1711 83
85 07
117 68
83 48
St. Rosa's Ornban Asvlum 1
SL JomdU'b Orphan Asylum ....}
Milwaukee Orphan Asylum
8t AmeIiaQU3' Orphan Asylum
1 64
336
1 78
SlalUtlcs of Milwaukee Charitable Inttitutiona — continued.
N*« or mnrnrrtan.
f
III!
1
1
III!
1
»e6 37
33 67
38 04
87 65
n 27
84
73
78
*85 07
36 90
4-j 00
44 50
Bt. Rosa'a Orphan Asylum . . . . j
81, Joseph's Orphan Asylum . . 7
Milwaukee Orphan Asylum
70
86
85
• Acconnta not kepi to tl
t No Hdbd^UI report for
ItthMllleiu
.c«beglTs
'•
Btatiatxct tf Milwaukee Charitable JtuHluCiofu — continued.
«"— ■"■™>—-
IS
II
11
1
1
e
1
f
i
1
5*
1
1
S
su
174
84
97
269
4
16
11
45
no
68
66
8t Rosa's Orphan Asylum. . )
8L Joseph's OrphsnAsytam f
Milwaukee Orplian Asjlum . .
SLAmelisnus' Orphan Aaylum
163
66
91
23
18
0
131
58
67
41
18
23
13
18
16
1
73
I.— ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL.
This institution is under the control of certain sisters of
charity who were made a body corporate by the legislature of
1859. Chapter 79, of the private and local laws of that year ia
as follows:
" AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE SISTERS OP CHARITY OP
ST. JOSEFH^S, OP THE CITY OP MILWAUKEE.
NAMES OF COBPOBATOBS AKD COBPOBATE POWEBS.
" Section 1. — That Mary Vincent Mc Intee, Frances Agnes
Hanley, Mary George Sebold, Ariana Buckley, and Monica
Ryter, and their sucdessors, appointed in accordance with the
rules and regulations of the sisters of charity of Saint Joseph's,
of the city of Milwaukee, whose mother house J^is in Emmets-
burg, in the county of Frederick, State of Maryland, be and are
hereby constituted and established a body corporate and politic
with perpetual succession, by the name'and style of ^' the sisters-
of charity of Saint Joseph's, of the city of Milwaukee," and by
that name shall be competent to contract and be contracted
with in all matters relative to the objects of their association,
shall have a common seal, the device of which they may form
and change at their pleasure ; shall be capable of sueing and
being sued ; of pleading and being impleaded ; of answering
and being answered unto in all of the courts in this state or the
United States, with full power and authority to acquire, possess^
hold, use and enjoy by gift, grant, devise, purchase, or other-
wise, real estate and personal property, and shall have power
to sell, convey, mortgage, and dispose of the same in any man-
ner the said corporators or their successors appointed as afore-
said, shall deem best for the interest of the corporation, and the
furtherance of the charitable and educational purposes, for
which this corporation is created.
73
POWSB TO KAKB BT- LAWS, ETC.
^' SscTiOK 2. The said corporators and their successors, shall
have full power and authority to make, ordain, establish and
put into execution, such by-laws, rules and regulations as
they may deem proper for the conduct and government of the
hospitals, schools, asylums and other establishments under their
care and control, and the efficient government of their own
board, and the officers appointed thereby, such by-la^rs not
being contrary to the laws and constitutions of this state or the
United States.
OBJECT OF THE COBPORATION.
^^ Section 3. The object of this corporation, is to afford a
greater opportunity and more security to the corporators and
their successors for the establishment of hospitals, schools,
asylums and other institutions for the relief and education and
care of the poor, the needy, the destitute, the orphan, and the
ignorant, and to this end no property of any kind whatever,
shall be held or acquired, or conveyed otherwise than for the
furtherance of the object for which this corporation is insti-
tuted.
" Section 4. It is hereby declared, that in the judgment of
the legislature of this state, the objects of the foregoing act
cannot be attained under the general laws.
•' Section 5. This act to take effect and be in force from and
after its passage.
'* Approved March 11, 1859."
The following paper, prepared by Sister Mary Vincent, Supe-
rioress of this institution, will be read with great interest:
cc
ST. MABY'S hospital, MILWAUKEE, WIS.
" The establishment of an hospital in the city of Milwaukee,
was first undertaken by the Sisters of Charity in the summer of
the year 1848. That scourge of nations, Asiatic cholera, then
raged in the city and vicinity, and in order to take care of the
most fosaken, a small frame building which then stood at the
74
comer of Jackson and Oneida streets, was fitted up for the pur-
pose of a temporary hospital. Sister Felicita Dellone, a mem-
ber of the community of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's,
Emmettsburg, Maryland, was the one who commenced that
charitable work, with no means or resources than those contrib-
uted by a few kind friends. But her trust in Divine Providence
was unbounded, and her success proves that her heart was filled
with benevolence and charity, and that such a one will not fail
to accomplish wonders, when the object in view is the relief of
God's suffering representatives. The little hospital was named
* St. John's Infirmary.' During the prevalence of the terrible
disease, daily, nay hourly, were the calls made on her and her
three companions energies and zeal.
* " After the subsidence of the cholera, the little infirmary still
continued open to all who asked admission, and two years after,
in the September of 1850, a vessel of Swedish and Norwegian
emigrants, all attacked by typhus fever, landed in Milwaukee.
The condition of ihese poor sufferers was most appalling, and as
many as the capacity of St. John's Infirmary could accommodate
were received and therein cared for; the others were taken care
of by the Sisters in the old government buildings at the request
of the Mayor.
" During the same year (1850), application was made for the
reception into the little infirmary of the .
" jSick and Disabled Seamen
'^ Of the port of Milwaukee. After^ the extirpation of the
typhus fever, an agreement was made, or rather a contract
signed between the Treasury Department at Washington and the
Sisters of Charity, since which time (except one short interval),
they have continued to form part of the patients under the Sis-
ters' care.
'^ In the month of January, 1857, a petition was presented to
the common council of the city of Milwaukee by sundry citizens
asking a donation by the city of Milwaukee to the Sisters of
Charity of three acres of land out of the " poor-house property,'*
situated in the First Ward of the city, for the purpose of an hos-
76
pitaL It was referred to a select committee, who reported to
the common council recommending a donation of the said land.
The Mayor and Clerk of the city were then authorized to exe-
\ cute a warranty deed, donating the three acres to the Sisters,
their heirs and assigns forever, for an hospital; revertable, how-
ever to the city, should the land at any time be used otherwise
than for an hospital. The deed bears date the tenth day of
January, 1857, and was recorded February 4, 1857, in vol. 56 of
deeds, pages 105 and lOG. A. Bade, register. The) land is de-
scribed as follows: Beginning at the south east comer of the
south east quarter of the south west quarter of section number
fifteen (15), in town seven (7) north, of range twenty-two (32)
east, and running thence north on the quarter section line two
hundredand eighty- four twenty-five and one hundredths (284j^) ;
thence west on a line parallel with the south line of said section
fifteen to the east line of Fourth avenue, thence south thirty-
four degrees west along said east line to the section line be-
tween sections fifteen (15) and twenty-two (22), thence east along
said line five hundred and fifty-eight and forty-nine one hun-
dredths (558 -i^), to the place of beginning, containing three
acres, more or less.
^' Immediately the Sisters set to work to
" Commence a JBuilding
^' On the land donated. It would be almost incredible were
the hardships enumerated that they endured in endeavoring to
> raise funds for the work; but God blessed the widow's mite as
much as the offerings of the more opulent, and the building was
at length ready for the reception of patients, though far from
being completed or furnished; hence, almost ever since its oc-
cupancy the Sisters have been endeavoring to add to the com-
forts and conveniences it should afi^ord.
" In the year 1859, the sisters were established a body corpo-
rate, under the name and title of
76
" * The Sisters of Charity of St. Josephs of the City of Mil-
vsaukee^
"The act is dated March 11, 1859, and in 1860 another piece
of ground containing seven-tenths of an acre which joined the
three acres was donated and added to the hospital grounds.
This donation was also made by the common council; the deed '
bears date December 28, 18G0, and was recorded March 26, 1861,
in vol. 71 of Deeds, pages 363, 4 and 5, Chas. Fessel, Register.
To complete the grounds in 1864, a second lot adjoining the
three acres on the other side, containing one and forty- two one-
hundredths (l^^j^) acres, was donated by the common council;
this deed bears date August 6, 1864, and was recorded August
22, 1864, in vol. 84 of Deeds, on pages 595, 6 and 7, F. Bag-
geler. Register.
" St. Mary^s Hospital
" is governed solely by the corporation of ' the Sisters of
Charity of St. Joseph's of the City of Milwaukee,' whose mother
house is St. Joseph's Academy, Emmettsburg, Frederick county,
Maryland. Sister Mary Vincent McEntee, present superioress
of the hospital, is President of the board; Sister Monica Ryder,
Treasurer; Sister Simeon Quinn, Secretary; Sister Euphemia
Blekinsop and Sister Camilla O'Keefe, members. Meetings
are held annually in the business office of the hospital^ on the
first Monday of September, when any vacancies that may have
occurred during the year are filled and officers are elected.
" The following are the
" By-Laws of the Corporation
" Of ' The Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's of the city of
Milwaukee':
" Article 1. All members of this corporation must be regu-
lar members of the society of Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's
whose mother house is now in Emmettsburg, Maryland.
" Article 2. Should any member of the Board cease to be a
member of the above-named society of the Sisters of Charity of
St. Joseph's, she shall thereby forfeit the membership of the
77
Board, and all rights acquired in virtue of the act incorporating
' the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's of the city of Milwau-
kee.'
^'Abticxb 3. All the establishments that are now or may
hereafter be in charge of this corporation shall in every respect
be conducted according to the constitution and rules of the
above named society of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's,
Emmettsburg, Maryland.
^^ Abticle 4. No immovable property can be alienated, mort-
gaged or otherwise disposed of, except with the consent of all
the members of the Board.
" Article 5. The officers of this corporation shall be a Presi-
dent, a Treasurer and a Secretary, to be elected annually on the
first Monday in September.
"Article 6. Any vacancy occurring, by death or otherwise,
may be filled at the annual or any special meeting to be called
by the President or by the majority of the members of the
Board.
"Article 7. Two-thirds of the members' shall constitute a
quorum.
"Article 8. None of these by-laws can be abridged or altered
without the consent of all the members of the Board.
" Signed by " Mart Vixcent McEntee,
" Frances Agnes Hanly,
" Mary George Sebold,
"Arianna Btjckly,
" Monica Ryder.
" Sept. 5 1869.
" The St. Mary's Hospital
" Is mainly supported by the pay patients. It has also derived
much asssistance from public generosity. All classes in the
city and vicinity as well as all denominations have been very
generous, and the liberal appropriations made by the state of
Wisconsin at different times, amounting in the aggregate to the
sum of fifteen thousand three hundred and fifty dollars
($15,350), added material aid and comfort to the suffering in-
mates of the said hospital.
78
^' The institution is solely governed and conducted by the
corporation of the sisters of charity. Statistics are made out
annually and sent to the principal Superior of the Sisters of
charity at St. Joseph's Academy, Emmettsburg, Maryland.
" The Hospital^ Building
" Is 82 feet in length, 53 feet width in center, 48 feet width
of wings, 47 feet highth of wings, and 53 feet highth of center-
There are six large wards, three of which are 30 by 30 feet ; the
other three are 18 by 14 feet. Ten rooms for private patients,
besides ample room for the Sisters and domestics, parlors and
office.
" The Pharmacy
^^ Is a small room fitted up for the purpose and presided over
by one of the Sisters who compounds all the medicines prescrib-
ed by the Doctors and Surgeons. The chapel occupies the center
on the second story, but no obligation is enforced on the pa-
tients to attend service therein ; however those wishing to do
so are permitted. Bathing and closet facilities are provided and
supplied with water by the five large cisterns on the grounds
and which are never exhausted ; the water is conveyed from
them to a tank near the roof by a force pump. The base-
ment contains the kitchen, dining room, store rooms and boiler
room ; the entire house is heated by steam and is comfortable
in the most severe weather.
" On the premises are stables for one horse and four cows,
carriage and wagon house, ice house, and hen house. A large
room used at present for a laundry over which arc two rooms in
which those aiFected with contagious diseases are taken care of,
so as not to endanger the patients in the main building. There
are no incumbrances on the property, but there are some debts
yet on the building for improvements, heating, etc., with a bal *
ance due for flour and fuel, of last year, amountiag altogether
to $1800.
79
"7%e special object of the Institution
^^Is to afford relief and suitable care to all classes and denomi-
nations, regardless of country or color, to all condition of suffer-
ers, mental as well as physical, according to the rules of th^
society of the Sisters of Charity, to fulfil the signification of the
name ^ Sisters of Charity,' and to carry out the intentions of the
founder of the society.
" The value of the buildings we don't know, but up to the
present time the cost of erection and improvements amounts to
thirty thousand dollars.
" We can give no estimate of the value" of the property to
the Sisters ; it is of no value except for the use of an hospital ;
neither can we form an estimate of the good effected by the
institution since its foundation ; that is left to the Recording
Angel ; but the number of patients admitted into the hospital
up to the first of December, 1872, is 3,581.
" Very respectfully,
" Sister MARY VINCENT,
" Superioress.^^
The following extracts from correspondence between the Sec-
retary of the board and Sister Mary Vincent, will explain itself:
EXTRACT FROM A LETTER OF TUE SECRETARY,
Dated Dec. 10, 1872, to Sister Mary Vincent:
'' In presenting a statement of the origin, management and
objects of the Milwaukee charitable institutions, we wish to
have it as complete as possible, and so that all reasonable inqui-
ries of members of the legislature, and others interested in the
institutions, can be answered. In the paper which you so kindly
prepared and sent to me, you allude to one or two matters in
relation to which I am quite sure more information will be desired
You refer to a contract you have with the Treasury Department
at Washington, to take care of sick and disabled seamen in the
port of Milwaukee. Will you have the kindness to furnish us
with a copy of the contract, or so much of it as will show the
80
terms upon which you receive this class of persons and the
compensatiom you receive therefor?
it
Article 3 of the By-Lawe
*^ Of your corporation provides that ^ all establishments that are
now or may hereafter be in charge of the corporation shall in
every respect, be conducted according to the constitution and
rules of the above named society of the Sisters of Charity of
Emmettsburg, Md.'
^^ Can you furnish us with a copy of the constitutions and
rules here referred to?
^ ^^ Can you inform us how many members there are of the cor-
poration of ' Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's, Milwaukee?*
" How many members are there in your ' Board?' Article 6
of your by-laws refers to the filling of vacancies — will you have
the kindness to inform us how these vacancies are filled? * *
^^ There is great curiosity to learn how it is that the Mil-
waukee charitable institutions are run so much more economi-
cally than are our State institutions, and we want to get all the
light on the subject we can.''
EXTRACT FROM THK REPLY OP SISTER MART VINCENT,
Dated December 14, 1872:
^^ We are all willing to give your Board, as well as the legis-
lature, all the information regarding our institution in otir
power.
"First, then, the contract with the Treasury Department,
Washington, for the care of the sick and disabled seamen of
the port of Milwaukee, a copy of which you requested sent to
you — I am sorry we are unable to give it, as it has been mts-
laid or lost. The compensation received for that class of pa-
tients varied since that first contract; then it was as low as $2.00
per week, afterwards |2.50; during the war as high as $5.00,
and at the present time we receive but $3.99 per week for each
seaman and $12.00 for interment, in case of death. We are
required to receive all who present themselves furnished with a
81
permit from the Collector of Customs, except contagious dis-
eases; those we are not obliged to provide for ^ within the walls
of the hospital,* but we take care of them apart.
^^2 he Constitution and Rules
" Of the Society of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's,
Emmettsburg, Md., do not belong to the public, but this insti-
tution ( St. Mary*s Hospital ) does, and those desirous', of ascer-
taining how it IS conducted are willingly admitted and can see
for themselves.
" The corporation of ' the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's,
of the city of Milwaukee," is composed of five members. All
vacancies are filled by vote. ♦ ♦ ♦
" In conclusion, I can only say if there is more economy prac-
ticed in our institutions than in those of the state it is entirely
owing to the fact that no mercenary motive could ever induce
us to embrace and continue the life of a Sister of Charity, and
consequently that which is confided to us we consider as held
in trust for the benefit of th5 poor— one five cents worth care-
lessly wasted or destroyed would be a matter ef grave self-
reproach, none of it being ours.
"Again I beg you will excuse my delay, and kindly overlook
any mistakes in this hurriedly written paper.
"Very respectfully,
« Sister MARY VINCENT,
" JSuperioress"
6 C. &R. (Doc. 18.)
82
THB BKCEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
Of the Hospital for the year ending December 1, 1872, were
as follows:
BECEIFT8.
Cash on hand December 1, 1871 .....
Received from pay patients '.
. .do ... .from the State of Wisconsin.
. .do . . . from U. S. for seamen
. .do . . . .from donations
EXPENDITURES.
Paid
..do
. .do
. .do
. .do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
..do
. .do
..do
. .do
. .do
..do
..do
. .do
..do
for
• »•
groceries
.fresh beef and mutton
.ft^sh pork
.potatoes, early vegetables and apples,
.flour XXX family and Berchey best. .
.medicine
.wine
coal, small cggy Brier Hill
.wood — mtple ,
.kerosene oil, sperm candles and lamp
wick
.forage for one horse and four cows . .
.wages to domestics
.blankets, sheeting and toweling
.clothing
•furniture
.hair and straw for mattrasses
.surgical apparatus and splints
.hardware, dishes, etc
.postage and stationery
.debt on building, without interest . . .
.for painting and whitewashing
.flooring hall and two ,wards for first
story
Cash on hand December 1, 1872.
$116 27
4, 363 41
1,000 00
2,335 73
167 00
$1,141 57
1,229 42
32 00
199 77
809 60
291 64
58 67
682 92
50 00
89 75
888 69
800 00
447 82
821 88
182 60
»9 25
80 00
69 78
30 00
700 00
839 46
228 22
$7,773 06
209 35
17,982 41
$7,982 41
THE HOSPITAL IS IX DEBT AS FOLLCAVS:
Due on labor and steam fixtures $1 ,000
Due for flour 206
Due for wood 100
Due for coal 200
Due for furniture 192
Due for medicine <9
$1,777
83
THE WHOLE NUMBER OP PATIENTS
In. the hospital during the past year was, 314; of whom 269,
were foreign bom and 45 native.
Of this number 242 were pay patients from whom was received
the sum of $6,699 14.
The remaining 72 were charity patients, from whom nothing
was received during the past year. Sixteen of these have been
in the hospital twelve months or longer, seven of whom help
in the laundry, kitchen, and other departments of domestic work.
The average time the other 56 charity patients were in the
house, was 23 days, or a trifle over three weeks each. The res-
idence of the 72 charity patients as near as we can make it out
from the report made is as follows:
Milwaukee 58
Unknown 6
Michigan 5
Massachusetts 1
Missouri 1
Canada 1
Waukesha county 2
Kacine county 1
Washington county 1
Dodge county 1
Of the charity patients, 38 were foreign and 18 native born,
and the birth-place of the remaining 16, not reported.
The total expenditures for current expenses, last year, were
$6,505.38, being $193.76 less than the amount received from pay
patients.
The records of the hospital have not been kept so that the
daily average of the population can be accurately stated, but as
near as it can be ascertained the daily average of patients was
37, and the daily average number subsisted in the house, inclu-
ding officers and employes, was 48.
THE AMOUNT PAID FOR SUBSISTEN»CE
During the year, including say $268.69 paid for feed for four
cows,, is $3,181.07.
84
This would make the cost per capita on the daily average num-
ber subsisted in the house (48), $66.27 per annum, or $1.27 per
week, and the cost of subsistence per capita on the daily aver-
age number of patients (37), $85.99 per annum, or $1.65 per
week.
The cost per capita on the daily average population of the
hospital, of the entire running expenses of the institution
($6,505.38), was $135.53, or $2.60 per week; and the cost per
capita on the daily average number of patients was $175.82 per
annum, or $3.38 per week.
The Board visited this institution on the second day of July.
Our visit was entirely unannounced and unexpected. The
building is beautifully situated in the midst of a five-acre lot
on the banks of lake Michigan; is large and commodious, and
well adapted to the purpose for which it has been erected. The
buildings and the improvements around them have cost about
thirty thousand dollars, ($30,000), and we know of no place in
the state where there is more to show for an equal outlay of
money than there is here. The institution is entirely under the
control of women — Sisters of Charity. They hold the title to
the property; they secured the means to erect the buildings;
they decided upon the plans, and superintended the work, and
they can now show one of the best arranged buildings for the
purpose for which it was designed that can be shown in the
state.
The hospital is in the immediate charge of sister Mary Vin-
cent, as Superioress, a woman who is thoroughly devoted to the
work to which she has consecrated her life, and one who is in
every way eminently qualified for the responsible and important
position she holds.
After a careful inspection of the house in all its parts wc find
it difficult to suggest any changes that would be improvements
in the appearance or arrangement of the building or its different
departments.
85
II.— MILWAUKEE HOSPITAL.
Chapter 396 of the General Laws of 1864 is as follows:
" AN ACT IN RELATION TO THE MILWAUKEE HOSPITftX.
" WHEREA.S, The Rev. W. A. Passavant, by the aid of sundry
charitable persons, has established a hospital known as the
* Milwaukee Hospital,' in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in
order that the suffering -and sick might be cared for and re-
lieved in a becoming and charitable manner, without distinction
ef creed, country or color, and has placed the same under the
more immediate supervision and control of ' the institution of
Protestant Deaconesses,' an association duly incorporated by
the legislature of Pennsylvania, and authorized to establish and
conduct hospitals and other institutions of mercy in the United
States — it is enacted:
" The people of the state of Wiscofuin^ represented in senate
and assembly^ do enact asfolloxos:
CORPORATE POWERS.
" Section 1. That the Rev. W. A. Passavant is hereby au-
thorized and empowered to assign, convey and transfer to the
aforesaid corporation all property, real, personal and mixed
which may be hereafter held by him in trust for the purposes
of said hospital, subject to the same trusts and considerations
upon which he may hold the same; and that any other person
or persons now holding or who may hereafter hold any goods,
chattels or property, real, personal or mixed, in trust for the
use of the aforesaid hospital, are hereby authorized to convey,
assign and transfer the same to the aforementioned ^ institution
of Protestant Deaconesses,' subject to the trusts and conditions,
under which it is or may be held by such person or persons.
86
BOABD OF YISITOBS.
" Section 2. That in order more perfectly to secure and per-
petuate the charitable and impartial character of this hospital,
Alexander Mitchell, Eliphalet Cramer, John H. Vandyke, John
Henry Inbusch, Greenleaf D. Norris, John Nazro, Lester Sex-
ton, Joseph T. Bradford, Charles Eisfeldt, Gideon P. Hewitt,
Frederick Kuetemeyer, Sr., John Tomsen, Charles F. Illsley,
and W. M. Sinclair, and their successors, appointed as hereafter
provided, shall constitute a board of visitors, who shall meet
annually on the third Monday in January, to examine and re-
port for publication the condition and management of the Mil-
waukee hospital aforesaid; for which pi^rpose they shall have free
access to all the buildings, apartments and grounds belonging
thereto, and the inspection of all books, papers, and accounts
relating to the management thereof. And it shall be their spe-
cial duty to investigate, and in their annual report set forth,
any discrimination which may at any time hereafter be made in
favor of the sick of one creed, color or country over another in
the granting permits, or the care of the sick, to the end that
any such abuse may be speedily corrected. All vacancies in said
' board of visitors ' shall be filled by the votes of a majority of
the patrons of the hospital hereinafter mentioned, at a meeting
"convened for the purpose, on the call of the surviving members
of the board, or in default of such election, by the board of
visitors at their next annual meeting.
EKPOBTS TO BE MADE.
" Section 3. The director of the hospital, together with the
physicians and treasurer, all of whom are appointed by the
aforementioned ' institution of Protestant Deaconeses,' shall
present an annual report of their respective departments of the
hospital to the board of visitors, which, if so ordered by them,
shall be published in pamphlet form.
LIFE PATRONS.
" Section 4. That any contributor who has already, or who
shall hereafter subscribe the sum of one thousand dollars at a
87
single benefaction, or who has subscribed a less sum, and shall
increase the same to one thousand dollars, on payment of the
same into the treasury, shall be entitled to become a patron
for life, and shall have the right to nominate and send in, gra-
tuitously, one patient at all times during the year; provided
that the person so nominated shall be of the condition and fall
within and comply with the rules that may be established for
the goyernment of the hospital. And the same privileges and
rights shall be conferred on any person or corporation paying
one hundred dollars annually, for the period of fifteen years,
and the same privileges and right to the free beds of the hospi-
tal shall be conferred on any church or religious society which
shall take an annual collection for the benefit of the hospital,
amounting to the sum of seventy-five dollars annually,
EXEMPT FROM TAXATION.
^^ Section 5. The buildings, grounds and such real estate be-
longing to the Milwaukee hospital, as shall be used by it for
the humane purposes of the institution, shall be exempted from
taxation.
" Section 6. The inclosed site and lands of this institution,
devoted to hospital purposes, shall in no wise be affected by
changes which may be made in existing roads, or by the laying
out of new streets, without the written consent of the -board of
visitors, which consent shall be obtained at an annual or a
special meeting on the call of one-third of the members of the
board.
" Section 7. No gift or grant made to the ' Milwaukee hos-
pital,^ by legacy or subscription, shall be lost to the institution
because of a misnomer, in the will or agreement ; provided the
purpose of the testator or donor was clearly to appropriate the
amount specified to the charitable purposes of this institution.
"Approved April 4, 1864."
The following paper in relation to this institution has been
kindly furnished by the Rev. Dr. W. A. Passavant, of Pitts-
burg, Penn.r
88
*^ THS MILWAUKEB HOSPITAL
" Was founded by the Rev. Dr. W. A. Passavant, of Pittsburg-
Pa., at the instance of a number of pastors and citizens of Mil-
waukee, who had long been familiar with his labors among the
sick of that city. In the absence of any means tc purchase
property for the institution, it became necessary for him to be-
come personally responsible for the whole sum involved in the
original purchase of the ten acres and the present edifice, cost-
ing $12,000 cash. In order to give the institution the benefit of
experienced nurses it was placed by him under the care of
an association of Christian women, known as
" * The Institution of Protestant Deaconesses^
" Who are chartered by t|ie legislature of Pennsylvania, and are
occupied solely in the work of caring for the sick and support-
ing and educating the fatherless in various parts of the United
States.
" The Object of the Hospital,
" As stated in its charter granted by the legislature of Wis-
consin, in the month of April, 1864, is that ' the suffering and
sick might be cared for and relieved in a becoming and christian
manner, without distinction of creed, country or color; ' and for
the carrying out of this purpose more eflBciently, the more im-
mediate supervision ^nd control of the hospital is placed under
the ' Institution of Protestant Deaconesses ' aforesaid. At the
same time, * in order more perfectly to secure and perpetuate
the charitable and impartial character of this hospital, Hon.
Alexander Mitchell, Eliphalet Cramer, John H. Van Dyke, John
H. Inbusch, G. D. Norris, John Nazro, Lester Sexton, J. T.
Bradford, Charles Eisfeldt, G. P. Hewett, F. Kuetermeyer, Sr.,
John Thompson, Charles F. lUsley and Wm. M. Sinclair, and
their successors, shall constitute a ^ board of visitors,' who shall
meet annually on the third Monday in January, to examine and
report, for publication, the condition and management of the
Milwaukee Hospital; for which purpose they shall have free
\
89
access to all the buildings and grounds belonging thereto, and
the inspection of all books, papers and accounts relating to the
management thereof. And it shall be their special duty to in-
vestigate, and, in their annual report, set forth any discrimina-
tion which may at any time hereafter be made in favor of the
ilk of one creed, color or country, over another in the granting
of permits or the care of the sick, to the end that such abuse
may be speedily corrected.' 'All vacancies in the board of
visitors shall be filled by a vote of a majority of the ' patrons '
of the hospital. * Patrons' are those who have already sub-
scribed the sum of one thousand dollars at a single benefaction,
or have contributed this amount at various times.
^ '^ The hospital went into practical operation on the 2d of Au-
gust, 1863, and since that time its labors among the sick and
suffering have never been intermitted a single hour.
" Upwards of Two Thousand Patients
" Have been received, of whom more than two-thirds have
been charity cases. Less than one-third of all who have been
received have been able to pay in whole or in part the small
sum of five dollars pei* week which is charged in the general
wards.
" Of the whole number received, nearly 400, or one-fifth of
the whole number, have been small pox cases — this institution
being the only place in or near the city where provision is made
for this unhappy class of sufferers. In the repeated visitations
of small pox with which Milwaukee has been afflicted, this hos-
pital has been a public blessing to the sick from all parts* of the
state, and all classes of the community have gratefully acknowl-
edged its valuable services.
" In addition to the ten acres originally purchased, a second
purchase of several acres was subsequently made by Dr. Passa-
vant, to still further increase the grounds of the institution and
prevent unsuitable establishments in too close proximity to the
hospital.
90
" The Total Cost
^^ Of both purchases was seventeen thousand dollars, on which
there is yet a debt of about three thousand dollars. This is the
only remaining debt on the hospital property and buildings —
the subscriptions of the citizens of Milwaukee, from time to time,
having paid off the original purchase money of $12,000, and the
sale of some lots outside of the new extension of State street
having paid off the remainder, with the above exception.
" The institution depends for its support wholly on the
" Free-will Offerings of the Charitable^
" And on the income which is received from those patients
who are able to pay in whole or in part. The legislature of the
state have on several occasions, in view of the benefits to citi-
zens from all parts of the state, voted appropriations of from five
hundred to one thousand dollars. This aid was never solicited
by the hospital, but was gratefully appreciated, and was as
timely as it was important in the early years of its struggle for
life. On another occasion, when the institution was involved in
a heavy expense of five thousand dollars by the repeal of a sec*
tion of its charter and the extension of State street through its
grounds, the legislature kindly saved the institution from the
embarrassment which would have otherwise followed.
'^ The edifice used as
" The Main Hospital Suilding^
'' Was a private residence, and is not well adapted for hospi*
tal purposes. With the wards in the separate building, forty-
five to fifty sick can be accommodated. It is hoped, however,
ere long to have a suitable edifice erected, with all the advan-
tages of a more perfect construction. The ample grounds, the
healthy location and the beautiful view of the present location
invite the benevolent to such an outlay for the care of the suf-
fering and the sick in their community.
" The services of the Director and Physidam
" Are gratuitous, and of the deaconesses likewise, so the con-
91
sequence is that the institution is conducted not only in a very
economical manner, but at a cost i^hich is scarcely credible for
so large a family. In this respect the ample grounds and gar-
dens which furnish fresh vegetables and an abundant supply of
milk for the sick, are of great advantage as well as economy.
" The title of the property is in the " Institution of Protes-
tant Deaconesses, of Alleghany county, Penn." but they hold it
simply for the uses of a hospital forever, in the city of Milwau^
kee, subject to the same trusts by which it was held by Dr.
Passavant, the founder.
"« There is no mortgage on the property, but the director has
borrowed the sum yet due on the property, nearly three thous-
and dollars. It is past due and has been for two years
" Pittsburg, Dec. 3, 1872."
The officers and all connected with the management of the
institution have been
PBOMPT TO RESPOND
To our requests for information; but owing to the fact that
their annual financial report is not made up until sometime in
the month of January, we are unable to present such facts in re-
lation to the operations of the hospital during the year 1872, as
we have in relation to the other Milwaukee institutions, but that
we may have some light in relation to the income and expend-
itures of this hospital we give the statistics for the previous
year.
92
BECEIPTS AND £XPENDITUH£S.
For the year 1871.
BECEIPTS.
From donations of individuals, churches, etc. .
From boarding and nursing pay patients
EXPENDITURES.
Paid for house expenses, flour, meat, groceries
etc
Fuel and lights
Medicines
Furniture and fixtures
Improvements and repairs
Wages of male nurses.
Wages of domestics
Labor on grounds and gardens
Insurance and taxes .*
Stable expenses
Interest on balance due on property.. .
Printing rules and acknowledgments.
' Miscellaneous expences
Paid on deficiency of previous year.. .
12,868 90
1, 597 80
II ,089 90
268 00
91 29
150 43
240 43
879 94
289 00
262 68
216 50
79 94
257 60
50 00
119 66
$4,466 70
«4|466 70
THE DUMBER OP PATIENTS
in the hospital from January 1, 1871, to January 1, 1872, was
152. Their ages were as follows:
Between 5 and 10 7
10 and 20 28
20 and 80 75
80 and 40 25
40 and 60 10
50 and 60 7
CO and 70 4
70 and 80 1
152
93
THEIR NATIVITY
'WBs as follows:
United States 41
German States 81
Ireland 18
Norway 11
8 weden 8
Kussia 1
Bohemia 1
Canada 1
152
THEIR RELIGION
as follows:
Protestant 105
Roman Catholic 44
Jews 8
103
Married 87 ....
Single 115
152
White 151
Colored 1
152
Discharged cured 103
Discharged much improved 10
Discharged somewhat improved 6
Discharged not improved 4
Died 16
In hospital January 1 , 1872 18
152
Of the whole number of cases, one-third (52), were cases of
small-pox. Deaths from small-pox were 12; typhoid fever, 1;
pneumonia, 1; general dropsy, 1; general decay or old age, 1.
It is but just to say that the cases of death from small-pox were
of small-pox in the worst form of the confluent form, or of per-
sons who had never been vaccinated, and that many of them
died in a few days after admission.
94
THE NUMBER OF PATIEXTS
Received into the hospital from January 1 to December 1,
1872, was 147.
Their nativity was as follows:
:i
Enfirland 6 ...
Germany 79 ....
Wales 1 ....
Ireland 10
Norway 12
Sweden 4 ....
Canada 3 ....
United States 32
147
Married 30 ....
Single 117
137
Protestants 103
Roman Catholics 42 ....
Jews 2 ....
147
In a communication received from Dr. J. K. Bartlett, the
physician of the hospital, dated November 2nd, 1872, he says: '
" When the small pox broke out ^last summer, the Board of
Health, on behalf of the city made an arrangement with the
hospital to receive and take care of all small pox cases which
they should send, they agreeing to pay one dollar per day for
such patients. These were lodged and cared for in a building
erected for this purpose some years ago, at a distance from the
main hospital. You will find from the report that there has
been forty- four cases of this kind sent by the city during the six
months, for the care of which the hospital has received in city
orders something over $800. We have also admitted in the
usual way seven small pox patients who paid for themselves ;
from these we have received $139. Since the first of July to
the present time there have been no small pox cases paid for by
the city, and only five cases in the month of July that paid for
themselves. I make this explanation to show that the receipts
for this six months would be no criterion whereby to estimate
95
the ordinary amount received from patients by the institution ;
as a general thing those admitted do not and are not able to pay
anything. You will observe that only thirty-five dollars was
received during the six months from others than small pox
patients, who indeed were more than half of all received.
From the first of July to the present time we have received
forty-six patients, of whom only five were small pox cases, as
stated above."
We are sorry that our report has to be closed before ^^ can
have the precise figures of this institution for the past year,
but the facts given in relation to the operations of the hospital
during the year, and the full figures of the previous year, will
serve to satisfy any one that a very large amount of good is ac-
complished with the outlay of but a comparativly small sum of
money.
During the year 1871, one hundred and fifty-two patients were
treated for periods ranging from a single week to three and four
months, and yet the average cost for each one was a trifle less
than twenty-three dollars. The services of the Rev. Dr. W. A.
Passavant, the director and treasurer of the hospital, of Dr. J.
K. Bartlett the physician, and of two of the female nurses, are
given gratuitously, and for their faithful self-denying labors they
are entitled to the thanks not only of those who are specially
benefited by them, but of all who can appreciate such works of
love and charity.
This institution by reason of the ample and excellent provis-
ion it hasanade for the care and treatment of small-pox patients
must be one of great value and importance to the city of Mil-
waukee, and the people of the city will but consult their own
interests in seeing that the institution is liberally sustained.
96
III— HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS, MILWAUKEE.
This institution was chartered by a special act of the Legisla-
ture, approved March 6th, 1868.
The charter will be found in chapter 431 of the local laws of
that year, and is as follows :
" AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE MILWAUKEE HOME FOR
THE FRIENDLE88.
" The people of the State of WiacoAsin^ represented in Senate
and Assembly^ do enact as follows :
NAMES OF CORPORATOBS AND POWERS.
"Section 1, Mrs. Charles A. Keeler, Mrs. G. P. Hewitt,
Mrs. John Nazro, Miss M. Blanchard, Mrs. C. D. Bigelow, Mrs.
J. H. Rogers, Mrs. N. Storrs, Mrs. J. Downer, Mrs. S. D. Arnold,
Mrs. Chas. Bigelow, Mrs. H. Chase, Mrs. A. Green, Mrs. G. F.
Austin, Mrs. W. F. Garlick, Mrs. I. Sercomb, Mrs. J. B. Judson,
Mrs. J. H. Tweedy, Mrs. H. H. Button, Mrs. T. H. Judd, Mrs.
I. C. Coleman, Mrs. E. R. Persons, Mrs. T. Gwynne, Mrs. J. G.
Inbusch, Mrs. M. Jewett, Mrs. J. Plankinton, Mrs. J.C. Spencer,
Mrs. Delafield, Mrs. A. H. Gardner, Mrs. G. Miner, and their
associates, are hereby constituted a body corporate and politic,
by the name and style of the " Milwaukee Home for the
Friendless," and by that name shall have perpetual succession,
and shall have power to contract and be contracted with, to sue
and be sued, to plead and be impleaded, and to do and perform
all such acts and things as are and may become necessary for
the furtherance and advancement of the purposes of said incor-
poration, as fully and completely as a natural person might or
could do.
97
OBJECTS AND PURPOSES OF OOBPOBATION.
" Section 2. The objects and purposes of said corporation
shall be the relieving, aiding, and providing homes for friendless
and indigent women and children.
MEMBEBSHIP.
" Section 3. Any person may become an annual member of
said corporation who shall pay to the treasurer thereof the sum
of one dollar annually, and any person may become a life mem-
ber of said corporation, who has paid to the treasurer thereof
the sum of thirty dollars or more at one time.
OFFICBBS.
" Section 4. The officers of this corporation shall be a Presi-
dent, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Board of Man-
agers, of not less than twelve, the number to be determined by
the members of said corporation from time to time. The Pres-
ident, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Board of Man-
agers shall be elected annually by the members of said corpora-
tion, on the first Tuesday of October each year ; all of said
officers shall hold their respective offices for one year, and until
their successors are elected. In case of any vacancy in any of
said offices, by death, resignation, or otherwise, the Board of
Managers shall have power to fill such vacancy till the next annual
election. The regular meeting of the officers and Managers of
this corporation shall be on the first Tuesday of October each
year. The President, Secretary, and Treasurer of this corpora-
tion shall be ex officio^ President, Secretary, and Treasurer of
the Board of Managers, and shall be associated with said Board
in matters of business pertaining to said corporation. It shall
require at least seven of said Board of Managers to constitute a
quorum.
CAN HOLD BEAL ESTATE.
" Section 6. The said corporation may receive, take, hold,
either by gift, purchase, devise, bequest, or otherwise, any real
or personal estate, for the use and for the advancement of the
purposes of said corporation, whether the same' be purchased
T'-C. & R. (Docl8.)
98
given, devised, bequeathed or conreyed directly to said corpora-
ration. No real estate to which said corporation shall acquire
title, shall be alienated or leased for a longer term than two
years at one time, except by a majority vote of the Managers at
an annual meeting, or at a special meeting to be called for the
purpose, to be specified in the notice of said meeting.
MANAGERS CAN APPOINT OFFICERS, ETC.
" Section 6. The Board of Managers may at any time ap-
point such subordinate officers, agents and committees, as they
may deem necessary, the more efficiently to carry out the objects
of said corporation; and they may take and enforce such by-lawFj
rules, and regulations, as they may deem necessary for the elec-
tion and government of officers and members of said corpora-
tion, and to govern the admission of applicants to the ' Home of
the Friendless;' also for the government, discipline and disposal
of those that may be received as inmates, and for the conducting
and managing the general business of said corporation.
LEGAL GUARDIANS OF CIIILDREN.
"SEcrriON 7. The board of managers of said corporation
shall be the legal guardians of all children that by the provis-
ions of this act shall be surrendered to the said corporation, and
they may, in their discretion, indenture such children to an hon-
orable trade or employment; but in all cases provisions shall be
made in the indenture by which such children are bound to ser-
vice, for securing an education proper and fitting for the condi-
tion and circumstances in life of such children.
MOTHER LEGAL GUARDIAN.
" Section 8. In the case of the death or legal incapacity of
a father, or in case of his abandoning or neglecting to provide
for his children, the mother shall be considered their legal guar-
dian for the purpose of making surrender of them to the charge
and custody of this corporation, and in all cases when the per-
son or persons legally authorized to act as the guardian or guar-
99
dians of any child are not^ known, the mayor of the city may, in
his discretion, surrender such child to said corporation.
CHILDRBK MAT BE SURRENDERED TO THE HOME.
" Section 9. In case it shall be shown to any judge of a
court of record, or to the mayor or to any justice of the peace
within the city of Milwaukee, that the father of any child is
dead or has abandoned his family, is imprisoned for crime, and
the mother of such child is an habitual drunkard, or is in prison
for crime, or is an inmate of a house of ill-fame, or if the
mother of such child is dead, imprisoned for crime, or has
abandoned her family, and t^e father of such child is an habit-
ual drunkard and an unsuitable person to have the care of such
child, or that the parents of any child have abandoned or neg-
lected to provide for it, then said judge, mayor or justice may,
if he thinks the welfare of the child requires it, surrender such
child to said corporation.
"Section 10. Whenever complaint be made to a judge of any
court of record, or to the mayor, or to any justice of the peace
of the city of Milwaukee, that any girl under the age of four-
teen years or any boy under the age of twelve years is aband-
oned by or is sustaining relations to its parents or guardians
mentioned or contemplated in section nine of this act, it shall
be the duty of such judge, mayor or justice to issue a warrant
for the arrest of such child and its parents ( if any it may have
in Milwaukee), and if, on testimony satisfactory to said judge,
mayor or justice, it shall appear that such child has no parents
or is abandoned by its parents or guardians contemplated in sec-
tion nine of this act, the said mayor, judge or justice may, if he
believes the best interests of the child require it, surrender such
child to the care of said corporation.
construction by courts.
"Section 11. Upon the hearing of any habeas corpus for
the custody of any child, and it appears that such child has been
surrendered to said " Home for the Friendless " under the pro-
visions of said act of incorporation, by an officer authorized un-
100
der said act to make a surrender of such child to said *^ Home
for the Friendless," such surrender shall be taken by all courts
of justice as conclusive that such child was legally and prop-
erly surrendered to said " Home for the Friendless,'* and that
said " Home for the Friendless " was entitled to the custody and
guardianship of said child under the provisions of said act.
MEETIX08, BTC.
'^ Section 12. Should there from any cause fail to be an annual
meeting or annual election, the president, or any three of the
board of managers, may call a special meeting, by giving two
days' notice of the same in any one of the Milwaukee papers,
at which meeting they can proceed to elect a president, vice-
president, secretary, treasurer and board of managers.
OFFICERS.
" Section 13. Mrs. Charles A. Keeler shall be the first pres-
ident; Mrs. G. P. Hewitt the first vice-president; Miss M.
Blanchard the first secretary; Mrs. J. Nazro the first treasurer;
and Mrs. C. D. Bigelow, Mrs. J. H. Rogers, Mrs. N. Storrs, Mrs.
J. Downer, Mrs. S. D. Arnold, Mrs. C. Bigelow, Mrs. C. Chase,
Mrs. A. Green, Mrs. G. F. Austin, Mrs. W. F. Gorlick, Mrs. I.
Sercomb, Mrs. J. B. Judson, Mrs. J. H. Tweedy, Mrs. H. H.
Button, Mrs. T. H. Judd, Mrs. I. C. Coleman, Mrs. E. R. Per-
sons, Mrs. T. Gwynne, Mrs. J. G. Inbusch, Mrs. Jewett, Mrs. J.
Plankinton, Mrs. J. C. Spencer, Mrs. Delafield, Mrs. H. A. Gard-
ner and Mrs. G. Miner, shall constitute the first board of mana-
gers by virtue of this act, and shall hold their offices until the
first Tuesday in October, 1868, and until their successors are
elected.
" Section- 14. This act shall take eflFect and be in force from
and after its passage."
Approved March 6, 1868."
The following
101
HISTOBIC BK£TCH
Of this institution) from the pen of Miss M. Blanchard, sec-
retary joro. tem.^f will give a clear view of its history and work:
'^ The Milwaukee Home for the Friendless was established in
the fall of 1867 by a number of ladies who organized them-
selves into an association for that purpose. Their first formal
meeting was held October 2, 1867, at which time they adopted
a constitution, appointed their officers, and created a fund by
each lady pledging herself to raise at least thirty dollars by out-
side subscriptions besides pubscribing herself an annual sum of
not less than one dollar. The annual payment of one dollar
constituted one a member of the association.
/' The Officers of this Institution
" Are a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, a board
of managers of not less than twelve ladies, and a board of
councilors of not less than six gentlemen.
" The board of managers, including officers and ex-officio mem-
bers, meet the first Monday of each month to report and pro-
vide for the needs of the institution. The first week in Octo-
ber of each year a public meeting of the association is held,
when full reports of the year are given by the secretary, treas-
urer and the matron of the institution; officers are appointed
and the general interest and progress of the institution are
freely discussed.
" The present officers are
"Mrs. Chas. A. Keeler, President.
•* Mrs. Jason Downer, Vice President.
" Mrs. "Wm. L. Dana, Secretary.
" Mrs. John Nazro, Treasurer.
" A Board of Managers consisting of thirty members, and a
" Board of Councilors^
^^ Consisting of seven gentlemen, Messrs. John Plankinton,
102
Levi Kellogg, E. R. Persons, John W. Gary, John R. Goodrich'
Chas. A. Keeler and T. H. Judd.
" The first building occupied by the institution was a small
frame house, No. 346 Cass street, but it was soon found insuffi-
cient for the needs of the home, and the following year the
building now occupied by the institution was purchased for
eight thousand dollars, five thousand being the amount of first
payment, the balance remaining in mortgage on the property.
"The Home for the Friendless was incorporated March 6,
1868, the state Legislature at the same time granting an appro-
priation of $3,000 towards the building fund.
*' The institution has been supported entirely by subscriptions
and donations, including the above mentioned appropriation of
the state legislature in 1868 — five hundred dollars in 1869, and
of one thousand dollars in 1872.
" Through the prompt and energetic efforts of a
•
*'*'Financial Agent
" Appointed by the Board of Managers, the final payment of
the mortgage was greatly hastened, and the corporation, in the
name of the ^ Milwaukee Home for the Friendless,' now holds
clear and undisputed title to the property now occupied by the
institution.
" Tliis Property
" Consists of one lot 60 feet by 120, situated in the third ward
of the city of Milwaukee, on the east side of Van Buren street,
between Wisconsin and Michigan streets, and a double framed
wooden building two and a half stories high, standing on said
lot. This is the only property owned by the corporation and
is valued the same as when purchased, eight thousand dollars.
" The object of this Ifistitution
" Is distinctly^indicated by its name a " Home for the Friend-
less.'' It is to give to destitute and homeless women and child-
ren, without regard to sect or nationality, the temporary protec-
tion and comforts of a home, to provide for their immediate
103
wants, and help them to secure employment and more perma-
nent homes.
^^It has in the five years of its existence given such help to
1,055 women and children.
" This class of unfortunates.
" Is made up of widows; deserted wives; children deserted by
their parents; travelers, often times foreigner s, unable to speak
our language, whose means have been exhausted — ^perchance
have been robbed or deceived in their journeyings; sewing girls
and house-servants from the country, seeking homes and em-
ployment in the city.
" It would be
" Hardly possible to over estimate
^^ The value of such an institution in so large and central a
city of the west, though it will be readily seen when once con-
sidered that the large proportion of the recipients of this charity
are not of this city but from the country, from inland towns and
other lands, thus proving its worth as a state institution.
^^ This fact should be better known or more fully realized that
more frequent donations might follow from the country, and
auxilliary societies might be formed in other adjoining cities.
" The necessity of this institution
" Was long felt in this city, as was caressed by the Chief of
Police to the ladies in consultation with him prior to organiza-
tion— it was strange that Milwaukee, with her many charities,
did not realize so apparent a need, seeing, as he dtid, in the
execution of his official duties so many instances of lone women
and young girls, who, through loss, neglect or desertion, were
found penniless ip our streets, with no doot open to them save
that of the police station; and this same sentiment is often
expressed by different members of the police in now conducting
such to the home.
" One can easily give statistics
" To prove the worth or work of an institution, as in this
104
instance it can be said, the Home for the Friendless has giyen
refuge to over one thousand unfortunates — a refuge "where the
hungry, destitute and weary have found food, clothing and rest;
but in this giving temporary shelter and subsistence there has
been gained by these poor sufferers strength, encouragement
and energy of purpose for future work in life; and who can
estimate the worth and work of those thousand human lives in
their ifuture homes; who can tell what suffering, sorrow, crime
and misery this timely aid has averted; or who can doubt that
for humanity there has been gained the labor and simpathy of
many grateful hearts.
" Though much has been done by the Home for the Friend-
less in the work for which it was incorporated, the experience
of each year, and we might say each day, point to
"J[ Yet Ghreater Wor/Cy
^ the accomplishment of which is debarred by limited means. A
lying-in-hospital and an industrial school seem almost indis-
pensable in connection with the institution, and the public, from
time to time, have cried out against it because no hospital pro-
vision was made for the sick at the Home; but none realize the
great deficiency more than the friends and workers of the insti-
tution, who are ever looking forward most hopefully to the time
when more adquate resources will allow them to greatly extend
the present field of their labors.
« MYRA BLANCHARD,
^^ Secret art/ pro tem^
105
BEC£IPTS AND JfiXPEKDITlTRBB
From Octeber 1, 1871, to October 1, 1872, are as follows:
RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand October 1, 1871 *
From collections by financial agent
subscriptions and donations
jurors fees
board of inmates
Thanksgiving offering, Milwaukee
do Geneva
do Holland Church,Wau
kesha
balance Grand Ducal party fund
BanitaiT Relief ftind
State or Wisconsin
EXFEKDITUBES.
Subtiitence —
Groceries and vegetables.
Meats and fish
Ice
Help —
Matron
Servants and cooks
Coal and wood
Ga» and oil
Stamps, stationery and printing
Hardware, dry goods and house keeping
articles
Bepairs and labor on premises
Insurance
Carriage hire
Charity and assistance to inmates
»481 70
120 64
5 40
^16 69
189 12
Total for current expenses. . .
Paid for interest on mortage loan.
Paid C A. Keeler's loan
Paid mortgage
Cash on hand October 1, 1872 . . .
$62 65
800 00
1,000 00
828 25
V
1191 59
1,485 00
523 60
6 00
170 12
21 50
10 00
4 00
49 94
200 00
1.000 00
$607 74
605 81
242 35
16 94
63 35
189 85
54 92
22 50
12 75
156 14
$3,661 75
$1,970 85
1,690 90
$3,661 76
Donations of flour, potatoes, apples, poultry, sugar-cured ham,
etc., were received during the year 6f the value in cash of about
fifty dollars.
Two hundred and forty-six persons were received into the
Home during the past year ; of this number seventy were
/
m
106
widows and deserted wives, ninety-one sewing girls and ser-
vants, and sixty-seven children. Of the whole number received
one hundred and twenty-nine were Catholics, and one hundred
and seventeen Protestants. Two children have been given for
adoption ; three ^families assisted to begin house-keeping ; and
twenty-five passes obtained for needy travelers.
TOB WOBK OP THIS INSTITUTION
Is peculiar ; perhaps we cannot give a better idea of it than
to give a few extracts from a record of the inmates for the past
six months, furnished by the matron :
" Mes. M. — 64 years old, a widow — stopped on her way to
Waukesha.
" Mrs. G. — ^A deserted wife, 25 years old, with an infant six
months old — ^sent her to her mother at Rock Island.
** Miss R. — Homeless, friendless, and lame — ^kept her five days.
*^ Mrs. M. — ^and child 3 years old, has a home while being treated
for her eyes, by Dr. Bartlett.
^^Mbs. S. — 61 years of age, with two grandchildren, 3 and 5
years of age — from Portage — remains two days when she
takes a house in the city.
" Two CHILDREN — 16 mouths and 5 years old — ^father and mother
drunk.
" Girl — 10 years old — ^picked up by the police— orphan.
** M. G. — 14 years old, with infant — ^mother and child sick — not
married — ^sent them to hospital.
" H. D. — ^Woman 33 years old, looking for work — sent her to a
place.
" M. B. — 15 years old. Brought in by a city missionary — staid
until a place was found.
" B. W. — 18 years old — sick — sent her to the hospital.
" Mrs. B. — 26 years old — widow, with four children, going to a
brother in Minnesota.
** Mrs. B. — 36 years old — a deserted wife with one child.
" Mrs. F. — and two small children — ^a deserted wife, from Chi-
cago— wanted help to go to housekeeping — sent them back
to Chicago.
107
" R. T. — 19 years old — a servant girl, needing rest.
" Mrs. C. — ^With three children with her — her husband at the
hospital.
" E. AND M. — 18 and 20 years of age — ^girls from the country
looking for work — found it for them.
^' S. G. — ^Wanted a place as a servant — found a place for her.
** Mrs. A. — ^A widow waiting for funds from her friends at the
East, BO t^hat she could return to them.
" E. O.— 29 years of age— overworked — ^homeless and friendless.
" Mrs. O. M. — 64 years of age — just from Ireland, going to her
sons at Eau Claire — got off by mistake at the station —
brought to the Home by a gentleman.
'' Chables M. — 12 years old — found in the streets late at night
and brought to the Home — ^in a few days found that he was
a runaway.
" M. — 24 years old, with child 16 months — wanted a place, and
one was found for them.
^ Mrs* W. and four children. — From Grand Rapids, Michigan, a
widow, on her way to Iowa. Her purse was stolen on the
boat. Mr. Beck, Chief of Police, sent her to the Home to
stay until a pass could be gotten for them.
^' Mbs. T. — ^Wandered from her home, partially insane.
^^ Mbs. B. — 55 years old; a widow, sick. Sent to the Passavant
Hospital. ^
" Mbs. M. — A widow, with four children; sent her to a place.
"W. B. — 10 years old. Father dead. Mother sick with four
children.
" E. H. — 22 years old. Received at the request of Dr. Thomp-
son. Will go to the lying-in-hospital in Januaiy.
^' Mbs. K. and daughter 9 years. — Driven out of doors by a
drunken husband.
^^ M. G. — 15 years of age; an orphan looking for work.
*^Mbs. J. — 30 years of age; a widow wanting work; a worthy
person.
^' Mbs. S. — Came to the city to meet her husband, but did not
find him.
" Maby. — 16 years old; foolish; sent her to her parents living
six miles from the city.
108
*' During the months of October and November ten servant girls
were received and provided with places."
We regret that the records of the institution have not been,
kept BO that we can know the daily average number of persons
subsisted in the home during the year, so that we could get at
the cost per capita to compare with other institutions.
From a list of the names, age, residence, birth-place, etc., of
some 125 of those who were inmates of the home from the first
of April to the middle of October, we learn that about one-half
of the number were residents of Milwaukee, that about two-
thirds were foreign bom or of foreign parentage; that the time
which different persons remained in the home was from a single
meal or a single night's lodging to one, two and, in some cases,
three months, and the ages are all the way from the infant of a
few weeks to the aged woman of 64 years.
MORE THAK A THOUSAND
Women and children have been the recipients of its blessings
during the few years of its existence; many of those persons
have been homeless, friendless and destitute, and the aid re-
ceived from the institution has in many cases saved life, in other
cases saved young girls from a life of shame and infamy, and in
hundreds of other cases has conferred benefits far too great to
be estimated in dollars and cents.
When we consider
THE BLESSINGS CONFERRED
upon the the two hundred and forty-six persons who were re-
ceived into the Home during the past year, and reflect upon
what might have been the fate of scores of them had it not been
for this institution, and then remember that it has all been ac-
complished with an outlay for current expenses of less than two
thousand dollars, we cannot but regard it as one of the noblest
charities of our state; an institution of which Milwaukee may
well be proud, and one that reflects the highest honor upon the
kind hearted ladies who organized and have thus lar sustained it
The " Home " was visited by the board on the second day of
109
July, and everything in and around it was found in a moet sat-
isfactory condition. The matron seems well qualified for the
important duties devolving upon her, and the economy with
which the affairs of the Home are managed, speaks volumes in
praise of the care, prudence and business tact of the excellent
women who have the institution in charge.
IV.— ST. ROSA'S AND ST. JOSEPH'S ORPHAN ASY-
LUMS,
These two institutions are under the control of one organiza-
tion, and under the immediate supervison of one and the same
individual — Sister Camilla.
They are incorporated in accordance with the provisions of a
general law passed in 1850, entitled ^^ an act to provide for the
incorporation of orphan asylums," approved February 1, 1850.
THB CBBTIFICATK OP INCOBPOBATION
Filed in the office of the Secretary of State, is as follows:
" We, the undersigned, re^dents of the county of Milwaukee,
in the state of Wisconsin, do hereby certify that, being desirous
of forming a corporation for the purpose of establishing and
maintaining an asylum for the support and education of orphans,
do hereby associate ourselves together as a corporation under an
act entitled * an act to provide for the incoporation or orphan
asylums,' approved February 1, A. D. 1850, under the name of
" The St. Rosa's Orphan Society,' for the purposes contemplated
in said act, and for the support and education of orphan girls in
the city and county of Milwaukee, in said state.
'^ The said asylum shall be established and located in the said
city of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee aforesaid; the
number of officers in said corporation shall be for the first year
110
seven, to wit: Five Directors, a Secretary and a Treasurer, and
the number and names of the officers who shall hold the said
offices for the first year as aforesaid shall be as follows, to wit:
Five Directors, viz.: The Right Reverend John Martin Henni,
the Reverend Patrick Bradley, Doct. Jesse S. Hewitt, John Fur-
long and Joshua Hathaway, of whom the said Right Reverend
John M. Henni shall be President, and one Treasurer and Sec-
retary, to wit: Joshua Hathaway, who shall fill both offices last
aforesaid, which said officers shall manage the concerns of the
said corporation for the said first year.
" t John M. Henni, Bp. of Mil.
" J. S. Hewitt,
"John Furlong,
"Patrick Bradley,
"Joshua Hathaway.
" In presence of John L. Doran, Thomas Hutton."
" State of Wisconsin — Milwaukee County^ ss.
" Be it remembered that on the 31st day of October, A. D.
1850, personally came and appeared before the undersigned, a
justice of the peace, John M. Henni, J. S. Hewitt, John Fur-
long, Patrick Bradley and Joshua Hathaway, to me known to
be the persons who executed the above instrument, and ac-
knowledged to have executed the same for the uses and pur-
poses therein mentioned.
" John L. Doran,
" Justice of the JPeacc.^^
The foregoing certificate of incorporation was recorded in the
office of the Register of Milwaukee county, December 3, 1850,
and filed in the office of the Secretary of state, December 6,
1850.
The following statement in relation to
ST. Rosa's female orphan asylum.
Has been kindly furnished by Sister Camilla, the person in
charge of the institution:
Ill
" Object of the Tftstitution*
" The support of destitute female orphan children, chiefly and
principally of the Catholic Fai^h, and residing in the city and
Diocese of Milwaukee; but real objects of charity of other denom-
inations or more distant places, are never refused the shelter of
the asylum. We may add that since the erection of St. Joseph's
Asylum, only girls between the ages of six and sixteen years are
received at St. Rosa's.
" When Established ?
" May 9, 1848.
" £y Whom Established f
" By Right Reverend J. M. Henni, Catholic Bishop of Mil-
waukee, assisted by the Catholic population of the city and dio-
cese of Milwaukee.
^^ How Governed?
^^ The financial administration is in the hands of the Trustees.
The domestic affairs are directed by the Sisters of Charity.
" IToio Supported ?
^' Chiefly by the contributions of the English speaking Catho-
lics of Milwaukee. Donations are sometimes received from
other sources, but excepting the appropriations received at in-
tervals from the state and county, they have never aided mate-
rially in the support of the institution. The^ earnings of the
children is a small item, they amount on an average to $50 per
month. Compensations are received for a few of the children,
but the largest sum received for any one child is one dollar per
week. According to the annual report for the year 1871, the
moneys received by donations, children's salaries, their earn-
ings, and other sources, amounted to $1,680.90.
" To Whom Accountable.
" The Treasurer, who is one of the trustees, and the Sister in
charge each makes a report once a year to the Board of Trus-
tees, at the time specified by the board.
J
112
" Names of Officers.
" Board of Trustees. — Right Rev. J. M. Henni, Rev. S.
Lalumiere, Matt. Keenan, Dr. Jas. Johnson, Edward O'Neill
and John Dahlman. Of these gentlemen, the Right Rev. Bishop
is President of the Board, John Dahlman, Treasurer, and Jas,
Johnson, M. D., Secretary.
" Sister Camilla, the Sister of Charity in charge.
" Incorporation,
^' The institution was chartered according to the laws of the
State of Wisconsin, on the 6th of December, 1850, and went
into operation (as a corporate body) February 13, 1851.
" Location of Property.
^'The building known as St. Rosa's Asylum, Milwaukee,
occupies a lot of ground on Jackson street, adjoining the Roman
Catholic Cathedral, having a front of forty feet on Jackson street,
and extending back to Van Buren street, a depth of two hundred
and forty feet. This ground is the property of the Right Rev.
J. M. Henni, who grants the use of it to the asylum. There is
no incumbrance upon it. In May of 1869, the treasurer, in
behalf of the trustees, purchased for the use of the asylum, the
lot on Jackson street, adjoining the asylum, and owned formerly
by Hon. J. J. Talmadge. This ground has a front of seventy
feet on Jackson street, by a depth of one hundred and twenty
feet. This property was purchased at a cost of $8,000, five
thousand of which still remains due, together with interest at
8^ per cent.
^'The value of the ground is estimated at $7,000, and the
building, a two-story brick building, and a one-story frame
cottage, at $14,000.
^ " Incumbrances.
" There is a mortgage of $5,000, with interest at 8J per cent.,
payable May 1st 1874, on the property of Hon. J. J. Talmadge,
purchased as above stated. This mortgage is held by Joseph
113
Paige of Milwaukee. The title of the property is in the hands
of the trustees."
•* Particular Good Accompiished by the Institution.
. '^ The particular good aimed at in this Asylum is set forth in
the * object of the institution.' Those charged with the con-
duct of it, make it a conscientious duty to provide suitably for
the children entrusted to their care, and to give them such
training as will make of them useful members of society. Ac-
cording to the register of the Asylum from its commencement
to the present date, 743 children have been received under its
roof. Many of these have been supported from infancy until
they were able to earn honest livelihoods for themselves. Child-
ren are not given from the Asylum to any one who may desire
to take them. We must have every guarantee that the home
offered is a suitable one before we give a child. We consider
it better that the Asylum should support the child somewhat
longer, than she should become a disgrace to society from a want
of kindness.
" For any further information concerning our institution, we
would respectfully refer you to our communicatioh, published in
the report of the joint committee made in Senate January 17,
1872, page 19.
" Hoping I may have given satisfactory answers to your ques-
tions, I have the honor to be
" Yours most respectfully,
" Sister CAMILLA, in charge:'
The following statement in relation to
ST. Joseph's female obphan asylum, Milwaukee. ' .
Is also from the pen of Sister Camilla, the Sister in charge:
" Object of the Institution.
^' The support and maintenance of destitute female orphan
children. This house is designed especially for the younger
children between the age of 2 and 10 years.
8— C. & R (Doc. 13.)
" When Established,
** September 21, 1860. On that day and date the city of
Milwaukee donated to the Sisters of Charity in Milwaukee a
lot of land containing 3 ^qV^ acres, situated at the north point
of Milwaukee bay, for the purpose of building an asylum
thereon, as it was represented to the common council of the
same city of Milwaukee that the building known as St. Rosa's
asylum had become too small for the increasing number of
orphans, and there was neither ground nor means sufficient to
enlarge the building. As soon as possible after the donation of
the ground, the Sisters of Charity, by their own labors and ex-
ertions, and with the assistance of generous benefactors in and
aroTind the city^f Milwaukee, erected thereon a two-story brick
building at an expense of about $7,000, which has ever since
been used as an orphan asylum. Since that time the Sisters of
Charity have continued to cultivate and improve the ground as
far as their means would allow, and, at the present time, St.
Joseph's asylum, besides its usefulness as a charitable institu-
tion is considered as an ornsement to that part of the city where
it is situated. It has not, as yet, been possible, however, to en-
large the original building, which, being small, can only accom-
modate a limited number of orphans.
^^ How Governed ?
" Three sisters of charity manage the domestic affairs of this
institution, but they are subject to and directed by the Sister of
Charity in charge of St. Rosa's Asylum, Milwaukee.
Hoio Sujyported ?
*' The two asylums, St. Rosa's and St. Joseph's, are supported
from one common fund, which is in the hands of the treasurer,
Mr. John Dahlman, of the Board of Trustees of St. Rosa's
Asylum.
" To Whom Accountable ?
" As the support is derived from the same source, and the
common fund in the hands of the same treasurer, the expenses
115
of the two asylums are included in one report, which is made
annually to the Board of Trustees of St. Rosa^s Asylum.
" Title and Incumbrances ?
" The Deed of this property is in the hands of the sisters of
charity to whom it was given by the city of Milwaukee. There
is no incumbrance upon the property.
^^ Value of Property.
^' The estimated value of the ground and improvements is ten
thousand dollars.
I
" The Particular Good Accomplished by the Institution.
>
" The particular good done by this institution consists in its
having given shelter to as many children at any one time as its
size would allow, and this for a longer or shorter period as their
necessities required. Numbers of these children came from the
lowest depths of poverty and misery, and on their admittance
would inspire only disgust tp those who were not animated by
christian charity. We are happy, however, to devote our
existence to bettering the condition of the poor orphans, doing
all in our power to cure their evils of body and mind, and
training them in such a manner that they may hereafter become
useful members of society.
" Sister CAMILLA."
116
The following is a copy of the
ANNUAL BEPOBT
Of the receipts and expenditures and the present condition of
St. Bosa^s Asylum, from. December, 1871, to December, 1872, by
John Dahlman, treasurer:
RECEIPTS.
Balance on hand from 1871
Chistmas collection at the Cathedral and St.
Gairs Church
Easter collection at the Cathedral and-StGalPs
Church
Donation from state of Wisconsin
do H. B. Pearson
do Milwaukee coun^
do,. . Alexandria, 111., Relief Society
Donations in small sums, from yarious persons
Pension of Mary A. Eagan.
Cash from parents and guardians
Cash from children's work
Monthly dues from members of association. . .
Cash from rafSe of vestment \
Net proceeds of pic-nic
do fair
Bequest of Nathan Engleman
... .do Thos. Dooley, of Cedarburg
EXPENDITURES.
Flour and feed, ($400 worth of flour on hand).
Groceries
Meat
Potatoes, vegetables, fruit, butter, etc
Dry goods
Shoes
Hardware and crockery
Drugs and medicines
Furniture, bedsteads, bedding, etc
Fuel, (about $400 due from previous year). . . .
Building wood-house and carpenter work at St.
Joseph^s Asylum
Two cows, $72 ; shoeing horse $28
Gas and lamp oil
Repairing, etc
Insurance
Hired man's wages at $15 per month
Sundries
Total expenditures
Balance on hand
$9,547 46
379 92
271 61
2,000 00
25 00
400 00
100 00
125 00
21 07
550 00
650 00
534 55
72 00
1,047 51
0,027 45
100 00
50 00
$1,608 56
1,774 13
1,264 52
654 62
1,478 58
868 68
4i»6 30
101 75
259 75
1,258 00
200 00
100 00
100 00
123 39
40 00
180 00
290 55
$10,709 38
4, 192 19
^$14,901 57
$14,901 57
117
The following statement showing
THE SITUATION OF THE CLAIMS
Against the property purchased of J. J. Talmadge, has been
furnished by Sister Camilla:
"/S^^ Ilo8a*8 Orphan Asylum in account with A, Dahlman
<b Co.
1870
Apr. 20
Kov. 8
1871
May 8
Nov. 8
1872
May 8
Nov. 8
To cash advanced for J. J. Talmadge property
To six month's interest on Paige's mortgage . .
To six do.
To six do
do.
do.
To six do do,
To six do do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Less amount paid as per resolution passed December 10) 1870.
Less amount paid as per resolution passed December 12, 1872.
18,051 00
200 00
200 00
200 00
200 00
200 00
14,05100
$2,000 00
$2,051 00
$2,051 00
^* In a meeting of the Board of Trustees held December Idth,
1872, it was resolved to pay from the $4,192,19, remaining in the
treasury of St. Rosa's Asylum the balance of $2,Q51,00 due A.
Dahlman & Co., on the J. J. Talmadge property; also to pay
$1,000 from the same source to Joseph Paige, on the bond and
mortgage of $5,000 he holds against the same property which
now belongs to St. Rosa's Asylum. Therefore the balance now
remaining in the treasury is $1,141,19.
^^ Joseph Paige, still holds a mortgage of $4,000 against the
institution."
THE NUMBER OF IKMATES
In the two Asylums December 8th 1871, was, including Sisters and em-
ployes f 182
Children admitted since 54
186
Discharged, 42, Died, 2 45
Leaving number of inmates December 8th 1872 141
Of this number ten are Sisters, and two employes 12
Leaving the number of children December 8th 1872 129
118
Fifty of whom are in St. Joseph's Asylum, and seventy-nine,
in St. Rosa^s.
The whole number of children in the Asylums during the year
was 174.
THS BISTH-PLACB OF THS PABBKTS
Was as follows:
Ireland 130
(Jermany
Holland
Bohemia
France
Scotland
England
13
1
8
2
2
United States
152
22
The children were mostly bom in the United States, although
the larger proportion of them were of foreign parentage. Two
wei^e bom in Ireland, one in England and one in Canada.
One hundred and forty -seven were bom in Wisconsin (one
hundred and thirteen in Milwaukee city and county), and the
remaining twenty-three in ten different states of the Union.
THE RESIDEKCE OF THE CHILDBBX
When received into the Asylum, was as follows:
Milwaukee county 121
Columbia do 1
Crawford do 2
Dane do 4
Dodffc do 2
Fond du Lac .do 5
Iowa do 1
Jefferson do 1
Marathon do 1
Outagamie . . .do 3
Rock do; 5
Sheboygan. . . .do 2
Walworth . . . .do 4
Waukesha do ♦ 4
Washington . . do 6
Illinois 6
Michigan 2
Missouri d
Rhode Island 1
Massachusetts 1
174
119
Of the children in the two Asylums last year, there were
Whole orphans 86 ....
Half orphans 88 ....
174
THE AGES OF THE CHILDREN
In the two ftsylums last year, were as follows:
20 years...
19 years...
18 years. . .
17 years...
16 years...
15 years...
14 years . .
18 years...
12 years . . .
11 years. ..
10 years...
9 years. . .
8 years. . .
7 years. . .
6 years...
6 years...
4 years. . .
8 years. ..
20 months.
18 months.
10 months.
In St.
1
1
1
8
7
7
13
20
14
15
10
18
7
8
2
In St.
Joseph*!.
1
Total.
117
1
5
2
2
2
3
6
7
4
9
5
6
2
1
1
1
1
57
1
1
1
8
7
8
18
22
16
17
IS
19
14
7
11
5
6
2
1
1
1
174
The average age, leaving out of the calculation the three
children under two years, is lOf years.
The daily average number of children in the two asylums as
near as we can make it out was 125, and the daily average num-
ber subsisted in the asylum, including Sisters, children and em-
ployees, was 137.
The total expenditures of the two asylums during the past
year was $10,709.38; a cost per capita^ on the whole number
subsisted, of $78.17 per year, or $1.50 per week.
The cost per capita on children, was $85.67 per year, or $1.C4
per week.
120
The cost of subsistence for the year was as follows:
Flour and feed 11,608.56, less $400 worth of flour on hand. . . $1,208 56
Groceries 11,774.18, less 288.78 for candles, &c., included in
this amount 1,485 85
Meat 1,264 62
Potatoes, Tegetables, ft-uit, timtter, &c., 654 62
Making a total of $4,613 05
•
The cost per capita for subsistence for the children was
$36.90 per year, or 70 cents per week; and the cost per capita
on the whcde number subsisted, was $33.67 per year, or 64 cents
per week.
The following extract from a commmunication received from
Sister Camilla, will throw further light upon the
GOYERNMEXT AND MANAGEHEKT
Of the asylums.
" As to Whom the Trustees Heport,
" There is in the city of Milwaukee a society named the Or-
phans' Association, the members of which contribute four dol-
lars a year for the support of the asylum. A special meeting
of this association is called yearly on the 8th of December, and
in their presence the annual report of the asylum is read. It is
at this meeting, and from the members of the society, that the
annual election of trustees is made. ♦ ♦ ♦
" JFor the care of the Orphans
" There are employed ten Sisters of Charity, whose food and
clothing are supplied by the institution; these expenses are in-
cluded in the Treasurer's report; the Sisters receive no other
remuneration. There is a hired man employed at St. Joseph's
asylum for the care of the cows, to saw wood, etc.; he receives
$15 a month and his board. There is also an aged man at St.
Rosa's asylum, who does work around the house, but for the last
six years he has given his services to the asylum for nothing;
he is, however, supported and clothed by the institution. You
121
will see from the report, the expenees of the institution for the
last year. They are of course much more than would be neces-
sary to support the same number of persons in one house large
enough to accommodate them. * * * As for dona-
tions of provisions, with the exception of the Christmas dinner
of fowl, which is always given by the gentlemen who supply the
institution with meat, they are seldom received. This^ is easily
accounted for by the fact that our asylums are almost entirely
dependent for their^ support, and can only Count their friends
among the poorer class of people. These are called upon four
times a year for cash contributions; they always answer willing-
ly and generously as the report shows, and could scarcely be
expected to do more. It must also be remembered that a great
deal of the money made at the annual pic-nio and fair arises
from the sale of refreshments, and these are all donated. The
same also must be said of the articles sold or raffled at the fair;
they are all the donations, principally of the merchants of Mil-
waukee.
" The Economy Practiced •
^' In the asylums does not consist in stinting the inmates either
in food or clothing; all are comfortably clothed, lodged atud fed;
and this costs money, but we try to take good care of what is
given to «s, and put all to the best advantage. Our children
make and mend their own clothing; they bake, wash, do the
cooking and housework under the supervision of the Sisters. As
a general thing they acquire habits of neatness and order. The
greater number give satisfaction to those who employ them
when old enough to leave the asylum, reflect credit -on their
childhood's home, and are a reward, even in this world, to the
charitable who cared for them in the hour of need."
THB TWO ASYLUMS WERE VISITED
By the board on the second day of July. The children appeared
to be in good health, happy and contented; they were com-
fortably clad, and everything in and around the building was
neat and in good order. Sister Camilla, the sister in charge
122
of the two asylums, is a woman admirably qualified for the im-
portant and responsible post she fills. On every side can be
seen the evidence of the skill, prudence and fidelity with which
she discharges her duties. And we regard her as exceedingly
fortunate in the selection of the Sisters she has to aid her in the
care of the children. The noble charity to which they have
consecrated their lives, seems to have stamped its impress upon
their countenances and manners, and it is not strange that the
helpless orphans confided to their care, are 'drawn to them as to
a mother. Their self-denying labors will surely receive their
reward, if not in this world, in that where no deed of love or
charity is ever forgotten.
I
t
V— ST. AMELIANUS' ORPHAN ASYLUM.
This institution is located about four miles south of the city
of Milwaukee, near the St. Francis Catholic College.
. It is incorporated in accordance with the provisions of a gen-
eral law passed in 1850, entitled " an act to provide for the in-
corporation of orphan asylums," approved February 1st, 1850,
of which the following is a copy :
(Chapter 60, General Laws of 18S0.)
•*AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE INCORPORATION OP
ORPHAN ASYLUMS.
*' The people of the state of Wiiconsin repreitfUed in eenate and aaemblp^
do enact as follows:
CERTIFICATB TO BE MADE.
" Section 1. Any five or more persons m any county of this
state, desirous of forming a corporation for the purpose of es-
tablishing and maintaining an asylum for the support and edu*
cation of orphans, may make, sign and acknowledge before
123
some officer authorized to take the ackowledgment of deeds, a
certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the name of such
corporation, the number of officers and their names, who shall
manage the concerns of said corporation for the first year, and
the name of the city, village or town and county, in which such
asylum is to be established.
CERTIFICATE TO BE FILED.
^^ Section 2. Such certificate shall be filed in the office of
the register of deeds of the county to which such asylum shall
be established, and a duplicate thereof shall be filed in the office
of the secretary of state.
POWERS OF corporation.
" Section 3. The corporation so established shall be invested
with and entitled to all the powers and privileges, and be sub-
ject to all the liabilities prescribed in chapter fifty- four of the
Revised Statutes, entitled ' general provisions relating to cor
porations, so far as the same may be applicable.*
CAN receive donations, ETC.
" Section 4. It shall be lawful for such corporation to re-
ceive donations and bequests and to apply the same for the pur-
poses aforesaid, and the proper authorities of any town, village,
city or county are hereby authorized to make such appropria-
tions, for the benefit of said institution, as they sh{i,ll from time
to time deem right and proper.
NO political or religious test.
" Section 6. No political or religious test shall ever be re-
quired as a qualification for office or for admission to the bene-
fits of the asylum.
can hold real estate.
" Section 6. Said corporation shall have power to hold real
estate as provided by law, and may sell and convey the same
^
124
whenever they may deem it proper, and as provided in cases of
other corporations.
"Approved February 1, 1850."
THB CEBTIPICATB OF INCORPORATION
" Filed in the office of the Secretary of State, December 6,
1850, is as follows:
" We, the undersigned residents of the county of Milwaukee,
in the State of Wisconsin, do hereby certify that being desirous
of forming a corporation for the purpose of establishing and
maintaining an asylum for the support and education of or-
phans, do hereby associate ourselves together as a corporation,
under an act, entitled *an ,act to provide for the incorporation
of orphan asylums, approved February 1, 1850, under the name
of the ' St. Amelianus' Orphati Society,' for the purposes contem-
plated in said act, and for the support and education of orphan
boys in the city and county of Milwaukee, in said state.
^' The said Asylum shall be established and located in the said
city of Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee aforesaid, the
number of officers in said corporation shall be, for the first year,
seven, to-wit: Five Directors, a Secretary and Treasurer, and
the number and names of the officers for the first year, as afore-
said, shall be as follows, to-wit: Five Directors are: The Right
Revered John Martin Henni, the Reverend Doctor Joseph Sals-
man, Reverend Ignatius Ives, Joshua Hathaway and Augustus
Greulich, of whom the said Right Reverend John M. Henni shall
be President, and one Secretary and Treasurer, Joshua Hatha-
way, who shall fill both offices last aforesaid, which said officers
shall manage the concerns of said corporation for the said first
year.
" JonK M. Hknni, pp. of Wis.
^^ Joseph Salbhak.
" J. M. Ives.
" Joshua Hathaway.
" Augustus Greulich.
** In presence of John L. Doran Thomas Hutton."
125
"State of Wisico^si^— Milwaukee County.
" Be it remembered that on the 3l8t day of October, A. D.
1850, personally came and appefired before the undersigned, a
justice of the peace, John M. Henni, Joseph Salsman, I. M.
Ives, Joshua Hathaway and Augustus Greulich, to me known to
be the persons who executed the above instrument, and
acknowledged to have executed the same for the uses and pur-
poses therein mentioned.
" John L. Dorak,
" Justice of the Peace.
" Filed December 6, 1850."
The following paper furnished by the Rev. Chr. Wapelhorst,
one of the Directors of the institution, cointains the
INFORMATION
Asked for by the Board.
" The Asylum is Governed
" By the following Board of Directors:
"Rt. Rev. J. M. Henni, President.
" B. A. Westhoff, Secretary.
" Aug. Greulich, Treasurer.
^^'Memhers of the Board — Messrs. Jos. Phillips, Stephen Hoff,
John Hass, Werner Timborn, and Rev. Chr/ Wapelhorst.
^' The immediate charge of this institution, as far as the paid
labor and the making of clothes for the orphans, is entrusted to
the care of twelve Franciscan Sisters.
" The asylum being adjacent to the Seminary of St. .Francis,
" Able and JEJfficient Male Teachers
" Are procured, who instruct the boys not only in the elemen-
tary branches of an English, but also in those of a German edu-
cation.
^' The time daily employed for instruction and study is six
hours. As regards [the location and the object of the asylum,
we wouldjsimply say that it is located' some four miles south of
126
the city of Milwaukee — the property owned being some three
acres of land, valued at five hundred dollars, and a building
partly of brick and partly of wood, valued at eight thousand
dollars — ^the title of which is invested in the name of the incor-
porators and their successors. We may also remark that there
is annually rented some five acres of land, three of which are
cultivated and the other two serve as a pasture.
" The Special Object
^^ Is to take care of and instruct the Catholic orphan boys of
the state. Half orphans are admitted when the Board of Direc-
iors deem their condition to be almost equal to that of a whole
one.
?>
tc
We shall now subjoin the list of
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
For the year 1872.
I ■
it
RECEIPTS.
Balance on hand, December, 1871.
Cash for half orphans
per Rev. , (will,
from State. .
Milwaukee county
collections in the Catholic churches
of Milwaukee
Society
and donations from different parties, per
books of the asylum
ti
EXPENDITURES.
Sisters and teachers
Coal. 3 tons, 112.50
Wood, 60 cords, at f4.50 to |7.50. .
Flour, 80 barrels, at 5^6.50 to |3.00
Butcher's bill
Shoes and dry goods
Groceries
Interest on loan
Repairs on building
lient for land and pasture ^
To produce, etc., as per donation .
Cash on hand, December, 1872 . . .
1730 57
407 85
100 00
1,000 00
200 00
1,939 m
659 50
2,841 94
1650
37
452
552
661
1,300
684
160
560
167
1.038
1,651
00
50
50
50
91
00
05
00
00
00
43
83
17,879 73
♦7,879*73
127
THB WHOLE NUMBER OP CIIILDREX
in the institution during the year was 97.
THE BIRTH PLACE OP PARENTS WAS AS FOLLOWS!
Ireland 47
Germany 18
Poland 9
Prussia 5
Bavaria ' 5
France 3
Scotland. 2
Italy 1
United States 4 o
Not given 2
97
THE BIRTH PLACE OF CHILDREN
Was as follows:
Milwaukee county 52
Ozaukee county 5
Dane county 7
'VYaukesha county 2
Fond du Lac county 6
Rock connty 6
Racine county
Dodge county
Washington county
Poland
Germany • * • *
Italy
Bavaria
Ireland
Michigan
Not Given
A
97
THE RESIDENCE OF CHILDREN
Was as follows:
Milwaukee county 57
Ozaukee do 6
Dane do 7
Waukesha do 3
Dodee do 1
Fona du Lac do 2
La Crosse do 1
Rock do :.. * 6
Racine do 1
Not given 15
97
128
THE NUMBEB OF CHILDBEN
In the Asylum at the commencement of the year, was 65
Admitted during the year 88
»8
Discharged and died 62
Remaining at the end of the year 66
As near as we can make it out from the papers in our posses-
sion, the average number in the Asylum during the year was
sixty-six.
Sixty-eight of the boys are half orphans, and twenty-nine
whole.
THE AGES
Were as follows:
19 years i 2
14 do 5
13 do 2
12 do 10
11 do 14
10 do 14
9 do ^ 9
8 do 7
7 do 8
6 do 5
6 do • 5
4 do : : 3
3 do , 5
2 do 1
1' do 4
10 months 1
9 do 3
4 do... , 1
97
Average age, 7^ years. —
" During the existence of this asylum at least 400 children
have been admitted, of whom twelve have died, and the balance,
with the exception of the sixty-six now in the asylum, have been
bound out to loarn jtnfd'es."
The officers of the asylum say, " As far as we know all of
Ijieift have become good and law-abiding citizens. Some of
those who are now maintained in the asylum are children of
fathers who have lost their lives in the cause of their country
by enlisting and serving in the late war against the rebellion."
129
The total cost for
CUBBBNT SXPBNSES
Last year, was $6,103.89, and for subsistence $2,936.89, which
will amount to $44.50 per year, per capita^ on the Average num-
ber of boys for subsistence, or 85 cents per week. The cost
per capita for the entire current expenses would be $92.48 per
year, or $1.78 per week.
The cost per capita^ on the entire number subsisted in the
house, adding the twelve Sisters to the sixty-six boys, would
be, for subsistence, $37.65 per year, or 72 cents per week, and for
the entire current expenses $78.25 per year, or $1.50 per week.
This institution
WAS VISITED BT THB BOABD
On the second day of July, 1872. The asylum contained at
that time 79 boys, from sixteen months to sixteen years of age.
There was a lack of neatness in and around the building, and
the children and the school room appeared to be neglected. The
privies were in very bad order, and there was an offensive smell
that was perceptible on the back side of the building in some
of the rooms and dormitdries.
The location is pleasant, and if the buildings and grounds are '
properly taken ckre of ought to be a healthy spot. .
Notwithstanding these criticisms we regard the asylum as a
most valuable institution, one that has done and is doing much
good, and as entitled to the liberal support of the people.
0— C. & R. (Doc. 13.)
130
VI.— MILWAUKEE ORPHAN ASYLUM.
The act of incorporation of this institution can be found in
chapter 152 of the laws of 1852, and is as follows:
"AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE MILWAUKEE ORPHAN
ASYLUM.
" The people of the State of Wisconsin y represented in Sen-
ate and Assembly y do enact as follows:
%
WHO MAT BB MEMBERS, ETC.
Section 1. All such persons of the female sex as now are or
hereafter shall become annual subscribers to the amount of not
less than fifty cents per annum, to the said association, ishall be
and are hereby constituted a body (Corporate and politic in fact
and in name, by the name of " The Milwaukee Orphan^s Asy-
lum," and by that name shall have perpetual succession, and be
in law capable of suing and being sued, defending and being
defended in all courts and places, and in all manner of actions and
causes whatsoever, and may have a common seal and change the
same at their pleasure; and shall by that name and style be ca-
pable in law of purchasing, holding and conveying any estate,
real or personal, for the use of the said corporation: Provided j
That such estate shall never be applied to any other purpose
than those for which this corporation is formed.
trustees, how elected, etc.
" Section 2. The estate and concerns of the said corpora-
tion shall be managed, directed and disposed of by a board of
trustees, to be composed of a first and second directress, treas-
urer, secretary and twenty -four managers, to be elected by a
plurality of ballots of the members resident in the city of Mil-
waukee, being annual subscribers as aforesaid, and present at
such election, yearly, on the first Tuesday of December, at such
place in said city, and at such time in the day, as the board of
trustees may from time to time by ordinance or otherwise ap-.
point, and of which public notice shall be given; and if any va-
131
cancy shall be occasioned by the death, resignation, removal or
otherwise, of any one of the said board, the same shall be filled
for the remainder of the year by such person or persons, being
annual subscribers as aforesaid, as the board of trustees for the
time being, or a majority of them, shall appoint; and until the
election on the first Tuesday in December, A. D. 1852, the board
of trustees shall be as fellows, to wit: Mrs. G. P. Hewitt, first
directress; Mrs. B. McVickar, second directress; Mrs. M. B.
Taylor, secretary; Mrs. Alexander Mitchell, treasurer; and Mrs.
Thomas P. Williams, Mrs. Elisha Eldred, Mrs. E. La Due, Mrs.
"Wm. P. Lynde, Mrs. Wm. H. Byron, Mrs. G. Bonnell, Mrs. H.
P. Peck, Mrs. Joseph Gary, Mrs. Edward D. Holton, Mrs. P. C.
Hale, Mrs. James H. Rogers, Mrs. John]Hustis, Mrs. S. Grant,
Mrs. A. F. Clark, Mrs. A. D. Smith, Mrs. Daniel Wells, Mrs. J.
P. Greves, Mrs. L. Kennedy, Mrs. H. Bosworth, Mrs. Wm. P.
Young Mrs. C. Arnold, Mrs. O. H. Waldo, Mrs. McDougall and
Mrs. M. W. Clark, managers; and that a majority of said board
shall be requisite to transact business, and in case of the non-
attendance of the said first or second directress, the members
present may appoint a directress pro tempore.
ANNUAL ELECTION.
" Section 3. If the annual election shall not be made on the
stated day, the said corporation shall not thereby be dissolved,
but the members of the said board shall continue in office until
a new election, which shall be made at such time and place, and
after such notice, as the said board shall prescribe ; and in case
an equality of votes shall be given for any one or more persons,
as a member of the said board of trustees, the said board shall
determine which of said persons shall be considered as elected,
and which determination shall make it lawful for such person to
act as a member of said board.
REPOFT TO be HADE.
" Section 4. The said board shall, at least at every yearly
meeting, exhibit to the members of the said corporation an ex-
act account of the receipts and disbursements of the preceding
year.
132
CAN MAKB BT-LAWS, ETC.
" Section 5. The said board may from time to time, make
by-laws, ordinances, and resolutions relative to the management
and disposition of the estate and concerns of the said corpora-
tion, and the regulation of the persons exercising the offices
aforesaid, not contrary to law, and may appoint such other
officers, agents, and servants, as they deem necessary to trans-
act the business of the said corporation, and designate their
duties ; and shall have power to bind out by indenture such
children as are or may be placed in said asylum, and who have
neither parents or guardians, or whose parents or guardians are
unknown or absent from the state.
LIABILITY OF HUSBANDS OF MEMBERS OB OFFICERS.
" Section 6. The husband of any married woman, who is or
may be a member or officer of the said corporation, shall not be
liable to the said corporation for any loss occasioned by the ne-
glect or misfeasance of his wife; but if he shall have received any
money from his wife belonging to the said corporation, or the
same shall have been applied to his use, he shall be accountable
therefor; or if the husband's goods shall be attached, or if he
shall have become insolvent, such money, if received after the
passage of this act, shall be paid by the trustees or assigns in
preference to all other debts.
CHARTER PERPETUAL.
" Section 7. This charter shall be perpetual: Provided
always^ That if the said corporation shall apply their, or any
part of their funds to any other purpose than those contem-
plated by this act, and shall thereof be convicted in due course
of law, then the said corporation shall cease and determine, and
the estate, real and personal thereof, shall be forfeited to and
vested in the people of the state: And provided further^ That
nothing in this act contained shall be construed to prevent the
legislature at any time, in their discretion, from altering or re-
pealing this act
133
^' Section 8. This act shall be and is hereby declaried a pub-
lic act, and the same shall be construed in^ all courts and plac^
benignly and favorably for every humane, charitable and lau-
dable purpose therein contained.
" Approved March 24, 1852."
The following
HISTORIC SKETCH
Of this institution is from the pen of the secretary of the
association, Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde.
^
" Origin of the Society.
^' This asylum was the out-growth of the Ladies Benevolent
Society of Milwaukee, the need of an asylum being made ap-
parent by the fact that orphan children were left in care of the
society whose parents had been dependent upon its charity dy-
ing and leaving their young families with no other support.
'^ On the 4th of January, 1850, the ladies met pursuant to a
call previously issued through the public journals, at the house
of Mrs. S. B. Grant, and organized an association to be called
the ^^ Milwaukee Orphan Asylum," adopted a constitution which
was presented by a committee, previously appointed by the
benevolent society, and elected officers, which consisted of a 1st,
2nd, and 3rd directress secretary, and treasurer, and twenty-four
managers, which board has since been increased by adding
twelve more managers and a corresponding secretary.
" Says a former report, so promptly and energetically did this
original board enter upon their work, that at the expiration of
a month, a house was rented and a matron engaged, and nine
children gathered into the asylum.
^' Through the public prints donations of furniture, bedding,
clothing, cooking utensils, provisions, any and everything that
goes to make up a comfortable home or supply a family were
solicited, the managers alternating with each other in staying at
the house and receiving whatever was sent.
134
" The Mouse loas Mostly Furnished
" In this manner by the citizens of Milwaukee, and for means
to provide for the family, they were dependent upon voluntary
subscriptions from ladies of fifty cents and from gentlemen of
five dollars, sums exceeding these being very rare exceptions,
and oftener falling below them. Yet -so successful were they
that the report at the close of the year shows twenty-three (23)
children had been received and maintained and a small balance
remained in the treasury. The next year the board were much
encouraged by the generous donation of a city lot on Marshall
street, valued at one thousand dollars, by Mrs. Wm. P. Young.
During the succeeding year, a building was commenced, and so
much of it as was needed completed ready for occupancy in
June, 1853, and the asylum moved into it.
" This Building was JErected
" At a cost of something over $4,500, the whole amount for
which was obtained by subscriptions circulated in Milwaukee,
f he association was incorporated by act of the legislature in
, the year 1852. The property is deemed vested in the officers
^nd managers, by virtue of their office. Meetings of the Board
are held on the first Tuesday of each month, the annual
meeting occurs on the first Tuesday of Nov,ember, at which
time the reports of the Secretary, Treasurer and Matron are
presented. There is a board of counselors of three gentlemen,
and an auditor.
" The Board at Present
" Consists of
" Mrs. Clarence Shepard, 1st Directress. ^
" Mrs. S. S. Sherman, 2d Directress.
" Mrs. R. D. Jennings, 3d Directress^
" Mrs. John H. Van Dyke, Treasurer.
" Mrs. Wm. P. Lynde, Secretary.
" Mrs. Daniel Newhall, Corresponding Secretary.
136
" Board of Caunselers.
« John H, Van Dyke. ^
« A. Finch.
" J. D. Inbusch.
" Auditor.
" S. S. Sherman. .
Until the past two years the asylum had depended mainly
upon the proceeds of
An Annual Festival^
Or Fancy Fair, for its support, but in June, 1870, the Board
at a quarterly meeting resolved to dispense with the usual festi-:
yal, and each- manager desired to raise one hundred dollars
($100) by direct subscription, the subscription of five dollars
per year from gentlemen, having been long abandoned. The
institution derives its principal support at the present time from
this source. During the whole period of its existence (twenty-
three years), it has received from the state in appropriations
from the legislature, three thou3and dollars, a few hundred from
the board of supervisors of Milwaukee, occasionally a donation
of a small sum from some committee, an unexpended balance
from a public collection fund, a few legacies, the largest on@ $250
from Miss Davis, who was matron of the asylum for about nine
years, devoted to its interests with remarkable unselfishness, and
in dying bequeathed the above named sum, to be invested and
the interest devoted to the purchase of Christmas gifts for the
children. Mrs. C. Arnold, one of the founders of the asylum,
bequeathed for the same purpose one hundred dollars. But the
entire amount of legacies received do not exceed, if they reach,
one thousand dollars. Thirty-three dollars have been received
from the relations of an orphan boy, resident in Scotland, who
had been several years an inmate of the asylum, and whose
relatives were informed of his existence and death in the ser-
vice of the United States, as a volunteer soldier, from the
records of the asylum.
136
*' The Asylum building
*^ On Marshall street was froiQ time to time enlarged, and out-
buildings added until nearly the entire lot was covered and the
premises too crowded for comfort or health, when in the spring
of 1869, the residence of Wallace Pratt, Esq., on Division street
and the lake shore, containing over four city lots and a conve-
nien house, was purchased at auction by the association for
$16,300 — cash payment of $11,731.01 being made at the time of
purchase — a mortgage of $3,000, at eight per cent, being suf-
fered to remain a lien upon the property. The property on
Marshall street remained unsold until the following year when
a sale was effected for $6,000, and the mortgage upon the
Asylum on Division street paid off. No debt remains or has
any other ever been contracted. In 1860, by rtjite of the com-
mon council, a tract of land belonging to the city, lying near
the lake shore adjoining St. Mary's Hospital, was given to three
of the charitable institutions of Milwaukee, of which the Mil-
waukee (Protestant) Orphan Asylum received four and three-
quarters acres ; with the exception of fencing no improvements
have been made upon the property, but it is contemplated that
the Asylum will be removed there when the horse railway and
other city improvements 'shall render it expedient. This land
was given subject to the condition that it shall be occupied for
an Orphan Asylum within two years. This time has been twice
extended and is now continued until 1882.
" Since the organization
^^ Of this institution 628 children have been inmates, it is
perhaps just to average for as many as four or five years each.
^^ The average number for the past year, has been fifty-four
(54); average age, 7^. The employes are^a matron, assistant
matron, house-keeper, cook, nurse and two girls.
^' One teacher h employed who lives outside and school is con-
tinued from nine to twelve and from two to half past four, as in
the public schools, and modeled upon the same system, but no
portion of the school funds is received from the state or city.
137
" A shop for cane seating' chairs
^^ Has been fitted up during "the past year and a woman em-
ployed^t<y teach the trade. Over thirty of the children have
worked at it and fifteen have learned the trade.
" The domestic arrangements
'' And regulations correspond as nearly as possible to ordinary
family households only on a larger scale. The children assist in
the general housework} the girls take care of their own rooms,
sweep, dust, assist in washing dishes, cooking, washing, and any
work suitable for their age. The boys clean the walks, bring in
wood, water, coal, and all that are old enough work in the cane
shop.
" The Hours qf Work, Study and Play^
^^ Are so arranged that each child has four hours study, three of
work, and freedom to play the remaining hours of the day. The
girls arc taught sewing, mending, and both boys and jirls, knit-
ting and darning stockings.
" Children are received from any part of the state upon satis-
factorily attested proof of destitute orphanage, and character
suitable for a charitable institution. Application is sometimes
received for children of such criminal tendency as render them
unfit residents in a family of ordinarily innocent children.
These cases are a perplexity, and sometimes real sorrow to the
committee on receiving children, and in several instances they
have received young girls of this sort because there was no other
refuge oflfered where they could be suitably cared for. If the
surviving parent or natural guardian of any children are able to
pay something towards their support it is expected of them and
perhaps more half than full orphans are received and kept until
the parent can resume the support or care of their offspring.
A few months or it may be years of aid so rendered have in
numerous instances enabled parents to retrieve the losses of mis-
fortune and resume the care and maintenance of their children.
Many a widow's heart has been cheered and her hands strength-
138
ened, many a father's courage sustained and his motherless
family kept together by the temporary shelter our asylum has
, provided for their orphaned little ones.
^' Entire orphans are in many oases
*' Provided with Homes
*' Where they are adopted as children of the family, the com-
mittee making every suitable inquiry into the character and
ability of the guardians, and maintaining a correspondence with
tkem until they reach an age to'care for themselves. Commit-
tees are appointed^from the Board of Managers to perform the
several duties of providing for the wants of the familiy, such as
purchasing supplies, receiving and putting out children, super-
vising the school, etc., an executive committee for the transac-
tion of business requiring unexpected and immediate attention,
and such other not defined in the duties of other officers or com-
mittees.
" The entire
" Board is divided into Committees
" Of three, who, with one officer are required to visit the asy-
lum, spending two afternoons each week, for one month, attend
to the weekly supplies, assist in sewing and making up the
clothing and bedding, and watch over the health, comfort and
moral training of the children.
" It is endeavoured to have every religious denomination of
the city represented in the Board of Managers, and no sectarian
or denominational influence is permitted in the teaching of the
children. They attend the church of which the matron may be
a member, and such Sunday schdol as may be deemed for any
given time advisable.
" It is the design and hope, as it has always been the en-
deavor of the board of managers of this asylum, while rescuing
from want and ignorance, to prevent from leading lives of crime
and to rear for society out of these unfortunates committed to
their care, worthy and useful citizens.
« Mrs. WM. P. LYNDE,
*• Secretary.
139
" Address Milwaukee Orphan Asylum, 350 Division street,
Milwaukee/'
THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN
In the asylum at the commencement of the year 59
Beceived during the year 25
Making a total of 84
Discharged during the year 84
Leaving in the asylum at the close of the year 50
THE BIRTH PLACE OF PARENTS
Is as follows:
England , 16
Scotland .< 6
Wales 4
Ireland , 8
Germany 25
Norway and Sweden 7
United States • 18
Unknown , 5
84
THE RESIDENCE OF THE CHILDREN
Was as follows:
Milwaukee county 58
Outagamie. . . .do 2
Waushara do 1
Rock do 1
Walworth do 1
Crawford do 1
Racine do 1
Dane do 2
Dodee do : 1
Fond du Lac . .do 8
Illinois 3
Massachusetts 2
Unknown 7
New York 1
THE BIRTH PLACE OF THE CHILDREN
Was as follows:
Milwaukee 86
Other places in Wisconsin 17
Other places in United States 15
Europe 11
Canada. . / 4
Unknown 1
84
140
THS A6X8 OF THE CHILDBKN
Were as follows:
15 . .years 1
14 do '. 1
18 do 1
12 do G
11 do 8
10 do 9
9 do 9
8 do 8
7 do 8
6 do 8
5 do 9
4 do 6
8 do 4
2 do 2
2 infants ^
Average age, 7^.
THE BECEIFTS AND EXPENDITURES
*' For the past year were as follows:
84
RBCBIFTS.
Cash on hand at the commencement of the year
From board of children
From pledged subscriptions
Annual subscriptions and collections
Donations
Thanksgiving offerings from churches
State of Wisconsin
Milwaukee county
Steamboat excursion
Bequests ,
Jury fees. .^
Belief i\ind of Alexandria, 111
Children's work, cane seating
Interests on deposits, bonds and stock
EXPEKDrrUBES.
Cash for matron's salary
Housekeeper's salary
Teacher's salary
For fuel, lights, clothing provisions and serv'ts
For Milwaukee Iron Ck>mpany's bonds
In bank
On hand
19,100 27
749 20
4,485 75
636 91
188 12
856 85
tOOO 00
200 00
251 70
485 71
8 00
100 00
86 82
686 76
(879 00
215 00
285 00
5,408 28
5,000 00
6. 298 21
690 90
$18,226 89
$18,226 89
- *
141
The amount paid for current expenses was $6,237,28 which
will b^ a cost per capita (53) of $117,68 for each orphan for the
year, or $2.26 per week.
The cost per capita for current expenses, for all who were
subsisted in the house, (59) would be $105,71 per year, or $2.03
per week.
The cost of subsistence for the year was $2,384,39 which will
be the cost per capita for each orphan of $45 per year, or 86cts.
per week, and for each person subsisted in the house, $38.04 per
year or 73cts. per week.
This is a most
ADMIRABLY MANAGEB INSTITUTION,
And we are sure, it is accomplishing a large amount of good,
and it is justly entitled to the sympathy and support of the peo-
ple, and we rejoice to know that during the past year, contribu-
tions ranging from 25 cents to two hundred dollars, have been
received from more than one thousand inhabitants of the city
of Milwaukee.
The ]arge number of persons who contribute to its support
gives evidence of the strong hold it has upon the confidence of
the people of the city.
The Asylum was visited by the Board on the second day of
July last. It has a very pleasant location at the head of Davi-
son street on Lake Michigan. It contained fifty-two inmates at
the time of the visit. Every thing in and around the house, was
neat and clean, and in perfect order, reflecting the greatest credit
upon all connected with its management.
It is gratifying to know that it is in a prosperous condition finan-
cially, having good accomodations, all paid for, with money at
interest or in stocks and bonds, and a handsome balance of cash
in their treasury.
The excellent women who have built up and are now sustain-
ing this institution, are doing a noble work and they are doing
it well.
142
VII.— SEAMAN'S BETHEL HOME, MILWAUKEE.
This institution is under the charge of a society incorporated
by the legislature of 1868.
Chapter 160 of the private and local laws of that year, is as
follows:
"AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE WISCONSIN SEAMAN'S
FRIENDS' SOCIETY.
" TTie People of the State of Wisconsin^ repreaented in Senate
and Assembly^ do enact as follmes:
KAHKS OF CORPOBATORS, POWERS, BTC.
" Section 1. That J. A. Dutcher, J. B. Bradford, J. B. Jud-
son, H, R. Bond, Joshua Stark, T. T. Howard, D. A. Olin, U.
Bachelor, W. S. Candee, G. B. Davidson and E. C. Kirtland
and such other persons as may hereafter become associated with
them, shall be and are hereby incorporated a body politic by
the name of the ^ Wisconsin Seaman^s Friend Society,' and by
that name shall have perpetual succession and power and
authority to contract and be contracted with, to sue and be sued,
and all common law powers of a corporation necessary or con-
venient to the accomplishment of the objects of such cor-
poration.
MAT HOLD REAL ESTATE.
^^ Section 2. The corporation hereby created may acquire by
purchase, gift, devise or otherwise, and may hold, transfer,
mortgage, and convey real estate and personal property, to be
held and used for the purpose of furnishing aid and relief to
sailors and the establishment of a sailors' home, with religious
privileges and all things appertaining thereto, and said property,
real and personal, shall be exempt from taxation. ~
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Section 3. The affairs of the society shall be conducted by
C4
143
a board of eleven directors, a majority of ^hom ghall constitute
a quonini, and their duties and manner of election, shall be
prescribed by the by-laws of said society.
CAN MAKB BY-LAWS.
" Section 4. The said society shall have power to make from
time to time such by-laws, rules and regulations as shall be
judged expedient and proper, for the election of officers, pre-
scribing the duties and functions of tbe same, for the appointing
of the times and places of meetings, filling vacancies in office,
and for the proper management of the affairs of said society, so
as to best accomplish the general objects of the same.
SHAIXBSMAIN A BBNEYOLENT AND BELIGIOUB SOCIBTT.
^' Section 5. This corporation shall always remain a benevo-
lent and religious society, and no portion of the property or
funds shall ever be used for the benefit of the incorporators, di-
rectors or members thereof.
" Section 6. It is hereby declared that in the judgment of
the legislature, the objects of this corporation cannot be ob-
tained by or under general laws.
" Section 7. This act shall take effect and be in force from
and after its passage, and is hereby declared to be a public act.
" Approved February 29, 1868."
The following communication from the officers of the society
will give interesting facts relative to the
history, etc., op the sailors^ bethel home.
"Milwaukee, November 27, 1872.
" Hon. S. D. Hastings:
Secretary of the State Board of Charities and Jtrform:
" Dear Sir: — ^Yours of the 25th inst., asking for a statement
and history of the Sailors^ Bethel Home, was duly received, and we
are glad of the opportunity of laying before' you a short state-
ment of our work among a class ot men who had for years been
144
«
entirely neglected in this port, without any one to look after or
care for them, and left entirely in the hands of those whose only
purpose was to strip them of their hard earned wages and kick
them into the streets to be sent to the House of Correction or
other penal institutions. For the purpose of benefiting this
.class of our felllow beings, there was a society formed in the
winter of 1867, and application made to the legislature for an act
of incorporation, which act was passed ^' A bill to incorporate
the Wisconsin Seamans' Friend Society," approved by the Gov-
ernor Febauary 29, 1868.
" In carrying on this work it, of course, was necessary
" To Establish a Home^
*' And the Board of Directors purchased a piece of property
which was built for and used as a hotel, it being situated near
the river, and well located for a home. It was bought at a very
low price — $5,760 — and about $2,000 ^expended in repairs. For
the purpose of paying, the individual members of the Board
solicited subscriptions among our citizens, and raised nearly
$4,000. A mortgage was executed upon the property of $3,500,
at 8 per cent, interest, (this incumbrance remains unpaid) ; there
is also a floating debt of about $3,000.
" The Objects of the Society
"Are to provide a place where the sailor may find a home
witjiout being obliged to go to the numberless dens of infamy
and houses of death; to throw around him moral influences; to
encourage him in saving his'earnings, in fact, to make him feel
that there is some one who cares for his welfare and would do
him good. In this we have been measureably successful, and
our Bethel Home is increasing in favor in spite of the determ-
ined efforts of the saloon-keepers, who surround us on every
hand, and who do everything in their power to keep sailors
away from our influence. We had in our home last year over
1,300; the year between 1,000 and 1,100. Many that came
were intemperate and went out reformed. We charge the same
price for board that the whisky houses charge, which does not
145
remunerate us, and would not them without their profits on their
liquor, combined with their stealings. Many come to us
" Sick and Poor,
" And are carod for. Shipwrecked sailors come, and we take
care of them till they leave for their homes or ship again.
^^Anstoers to Interrogatories.
"When was the institution established? Fall of 1868.
" Who was it established by? Wisconsin Seaman's Friend
Society.
" H«w is it governed? Board of 11 Directors.
" How is it supported? Earnings and contributions.
"To whom and how often do you report? To the society, at
the annual meeting in the month of December. Five dollar
contribution makes a member of the society.
" Give names of officers.
"J. A. Dutcher, President.
" W. S. Candee, Secretary and Treasurer.
" A. Scofield, Superintendent and Chaplain.
" Mrs. Elliott, Matron.
"Is the institution incorporated? Yes.
"Date of incorporation? Approved February 29, 1868.
"Location of property? Corner of Milwaukee and Erie
streets.
" Quantity of land? 70 feet front, 160 feet deep.
" Description of building? Three story brick building, cov-
ering full width of lot, containing 36 sleeping rooms, 2 sitting
rooms, 1 reading room, 1 dining room and a chapel on the first
floor, opening on the street, that will seat a hundred.
" Value of the property? With building, full $10,000; with-
out the building, $3,000; furniture, $2,000. Railroad changes
and improvements have increased the value of the property.
" In what name is the title? The Wisconsin Seaman's Friend
Society.
10— C. & R. (Doc. 13.)
146
^^ Is it all paid for? It is not.
^' If any incumbrance, state amount and to whom due and
when payable. Mortgage, $3,500, to the Northwestern Life
Ins. Co., due Nov. 1, 1873. Floating indebtedness, to sundry
persons, $3,000.
" Respectfully submitted,
" J. A. DUTCHER, President
" A. ScopiKLD, Superintendent and Chaplain,
From the
FINANCIAL REPORT
Of this institution, it appears that the
From the
REPORT OF THE CHAPLAIN.
Balance in the treasury, Jan. 1, 1872. was
$15 00
Receipts at the Home for board and lodging
durinfiT the year
8,300 00
3,180 25
Collections and donations during tlie year, in-
cludinfiT $1,000 from the State
$4,561 83
1,933 92
The expenditures haye been as follows :
For current exoenses
$6,495 25
Paid on indebtedness
$6,495 25
■
sss
The amount paid for salaries and help is as
follows :
SuDcrintendent
Matron
Resular and extra heln
$1,306 00
Made to the annual meeiing of the society it appears that one
thousand and eleven persons were entertained during the past
year.
Twenty of these were shipwrecked sailors or others entirely
destitute, the entertainment of whom was an act of charity.
The average time this latter class were entertained was five days.
During the last six months, or since the Rev. A. Scofield Has had
147
the management of the place as superintendent and chaplain,
the reports show the Home, under his admirable management,
to have been self sustaining.
The Home was visited by the board during the summer, and
every thing was found in a satisfactory condition.
THE INSTITUTION IS A MOST EXCELLENT ONE.
To provide the seamen with a home .where all their wants can
be supplied at a reasonable price, and where they will be under
good influences while in port, and saved from the depredations
of the land sharks who are ever on the watch to rob and ruin
them, is a work which should secure the support and counte-
nance of every good man and woman in the commimity. There
IS no institution in the city more worthy of the countenance
and support of its merchants and business men than the asso-
ciation that has established and is now sustaining the Seaman^s
Bethel Home.
V.
State Charitable and Correctional Insti-
tutions.
The following table will show the cost of these institutions
from their organization to the present time:
Nahi or Ihstitution.
State Prison
Institution for the Blind . .
Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb
Wisconsin State Hospital
for the Insane
Industrial School for Boys .
Soldiers* Orphans* Home. . .
JN'orthern Hospital for the
Insane
Amoant prevlona
to 1972.
$856,691 54
425,847 91
899,989 00
997,962 26
882,900 50
274,907 13
251,000 00
18,589,298 84
Amoant appro-
ated in 1872.
$58, 993 47
22,400 00
37, 949 00
*100,656 87
*39. 506 00
t32,400 00
132,000 00
$428,904 84
Total.
$915,685 01
448,247 91
487,988 00
1,098,618 68
422,406 50
807,307 18
388,000 00
$4,013,208 18
*Inclnding amount collected from counties.
tlnclnding amoant appropriated for orplians in Normal Schools.
THE APPBOPRIATIONS
Hade to the State Charitable and Correctional Institutions
in 1871, amounted to $480,856 17
And in 1872 to 423,904 84
$904,261 01
Making a total in two years of nine hundred and four thou-
sand two hundred and sixty-one dollars and one cent — well on to
A million of dollars.
149
The state charitable and correctional institutions have be-
come one of
THE HOST IMPORTANT IlTrBSBSIB
Of the state, and the entire people are deeply interested in
their management pecuniarly and otherwise.
The establishment of these institutions, the erection and fur-
nishing of ^he buildings necessary for their accommodation, and
the yearly cost of their support, involves the expenditure of
large sums of money, and the welfare of the hundreds of unfor-
tunate beings who are the inmates of these various institutions,
is something that touches tender cords in the hearts of thou-
sands of the citizens of the state.
The relations of this Board to these institutions are of an
exceedingly delicate, yet important character, and while we
have endeavored to be faithful in the discharge of our duties,
we have aimed to be courteous in our intercourse with all with
whom we^have hud official relations, and to be candid and char-
itable in all our judgments.
We find in the fifth annual report of the Board of State
Commissioners of Public Charities of the state of New York,
presented to the legislature of that state in April last, some
views that we think will be equally applicable to our own state,
and hencp shall make a brief quotation therefrom.
^ THS INTENTION OF THE LEGISLATURE,
*^ As imj^lied in the act creating the Board of Charities, was
of a two fold character, viz: first, to bring under a supervisory
and extra official inspection all the charitable and correctional
institutions of the state; and, secondly to exercise a vigilant
« oversight of the manner in which the public funds appropriated
to charitable uses are expended. Under this aspect of its du-
ties, the Board of Public Charities is constituted the
^ XOBAL STB OF THE STATE,
^' And its adviser in relation to the management of all its ele-
emosynary institutions.
150
" From these duties, and the necessarily large sphere of inves-
tigation which they unfold, it will be perceived that, in order to
discharge them faithfully, every department, however high or
however humble, of every institution having a state foundation,
becomes not only a proper, but a required field of observation
for the criticism of the Board. Nor should it be assumed, by
either the superintendents or managers of state institutions, be-
cause inquiries are set on foot by the Board, whether in habitual
or in new directions, that such inquiries carry with them neces-
sarily any imputation of o£Scial mismanagement.
" All public institutions are but so many trusts created by the
*
state for the benefit of its citizens, and its civtl government
is under moral obligation to the people to watch, through
official eyes, the details of execution with which such trusts
are charged,
" Mindful of the responsibilities thus devolving upon it, the
Board has endeavored to discharge them in a faithlul manner,
and always within the legitimate scope of its powers."
In a further examination of the fifth annual report of the board
of charities of the state of New York, we find some suggestions
touching
DIETARIES IS PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS,
That strike us as exceeeingly valuable and important, and as
applicable to the institutions of our state as to those of New
York. '
We shall o£Per no apology for presenting these suggestions
here, as we feel sure they will commend themselves to all who
give them the least consideration:
^^ It may be said of all our state institutions that their dieta-
ries are, in general^ good, both as to quantity as well as quality
of food. But this by no means implies that they are beyond
the possibility of improvement. It is with the hope, therefore,
of throwing out suggestions calculated to lead to experiment,
rather than from any desire to animadvert captiously [upon an
151
old established system, that we venture to offer a few ideas up-
on this subject. And, inasmuch as it is made the duty of the
board to inquire into the management of all state institutions,
it will be perceived that this subjer-.t comes legitimately
within the purview of its statutory obligations. The difficul-
ties in the way of arranging any dietary for a public institution
upon a physiological basis, arise from two sources, viz: first,
economy, and second, taste — economy, to meet the criticism of
the public mind, and taste, to meet the demands of the inmates.
So far as economy is concerned, it is a wise measure in itself,
eveiy where, but in no field of application is it so likely to go
amiss as in that of food. In fact, all investigations into this
subject concur in shoeing that the majority of the working pop-
ulation are, as a whole, underfed. The truth of* the observation
may be found in the general character of the diseases presented
by this class, and the underlying foundation of insufficient food,
upon which so many of these diseases rest. Poverty may, pos-
sibly be the first essential cause of limitation in quantity; but
ignorance in the selection of food, militating, as it does against
judicious variety, may in the end do as much harm as the mere
incapacity to procure it in sufficient amount. Then, so far as
taste is to be consulted, the duty of those having charge of pub-
lic institutions is one of elevation ,^and not of simple acquiescence
in the taste of their inmates, which tastes often are opposed to
health*and should not, therefore, be indulged.
" Let it be remembered, at the outset, that filling men is not
necessarily, y66C?t«^ them. The appropriateness of food, as
such, depends upon, not quantify alone, but also upon quality
and variety^ and there is no escape from this law, consistent
with health. Redundancy of inferior art cles of food does not
compensate for either absence or paucity of nutritive constitu-
ents. This is the
" Grave Error^
" So commonly committed by the laboring population, who,
from further ignorance in this respect apply the term " rich " to
food, from metaphorical analogy to the prices asked for such
152
articles, whereas, in fact many of the most costly substances are
in a nutritive point of view, of inferior value to cheaper ones.
The sole physiological basis of value in food rests upon the
presence and quantity of some proximate organic element.
Wherever this is found in a form acceptable to digestion, the
article is nutritious, whatever its price.
" The dietaries of our public institutions are evidently intended
to meet, in conjunction with economy, the habitual tastes of
iheir inmates.
^^ Those inmates are mostly from the laboring population. Can-
not something be done, through the instrumentality of the in-
Si^itutions in which they are placed, to
" Mtform their Tastes^
" By supplying them with a larger range of dietary, and at the
same time, not proportionably enhancing the cost of their sup-
port ? In the list of articles which we have appended below,
will it be said, for example, that farmers will not eat oatmeal
because horses eat the whole grain ? On the same principle
they should not eat corn meal. Again, in relation to Graham or
unbolted wheat flour, there is
" An Ignorant Prejudice
^' Against it among the laboring class, who think only the
finest and whitest wheat flour edible, when, in fact, the whole
agricultural population of continental Europe and all its armies
are almost exclusively fed on unbolted flour, not only wheat, but
often of other grains, and no one^ certainly will question the
healthy state of these populations.
" We think, therefore, that the experiment, considering its
inexpensive character, is worth trying, in all state institutions,
of adding to their already established dietaries, some new
articles, and thus educating, within the limits of a still present
economy, those tastes for variety in food, which tend so largely
to maintain heaith. There can be no doubt, as all physicians
know, that the restricted diet of our agricultural population is
at the foundation of most of those constitutional degenerations
153
which open the door to consumption, insanity, and a nameless
host of diseases, whose seeds whether inherited, or self-produced,
find a ready soil for development in all underfed people.
" The persistent use of salted meats, whose most valuable
constituents are abstracted by brine in proportion to the length
of their immersion, and the omission to use vegetables in suf5-
cient amount and variety, are the fruitful sources, of
" Glandular Degeneration
" And diathetic diseases in our laboring population. In re-
lation to vegetable, it may be said that, in general, the starch
^oup is used to excess, and not sufficiently counterbalanced by
the cruciferoits leguminous and compositae families.
" The carrot, parsnip, beet, tomato, cauliflower, salsify, let-
tuce, cresses, leeks, onions, are not as generally used as they
should be, when compared with the potato, rice, Indian meal,
buckwheat, turnip and cabbage, even the last two being often
in winter, inexcusably absent. And as to the acid fruits, they
play but a small part in the general dietary among the laboring
classes, although it is every day evident, in the cravings for
them exhibited by dyspeptics, that they are among the most
useful of substances in the chemistry of digestion. The rega*
lation of food according to seasonal necessities is another of
those problems not wisely considered in social life, which, if it
were, would prevent many of those miscalled bilious disorders.
^' Without desiring to do more than suggest, as was stated at
the outset of these remarks,
" The Possibility of Improving
•
" Our public dietaries, we venture to name a few articles
which might be introduced into them. These articles aro nutri-
tious, relatively inexpensive and easily obtained. The following
list comprises the leading ones:
^^ First, Oatmeal, in the form of stir-about or hasty-pudding,
three mornings in the week, from Ootpber to April. This is,
perhaps, the most nutritious and heat producing of all the
cereals, and, by itself, is quite competent, when taken with
154
milk, to make a sufficient breakfast for a laboring man. Most
of the laboring people of Scotland have no other.
*' Second. Graham flour, made into bread, without sweeten-
ing, and served daily at breakfast throughout the year. The
presence of the phosphates in the unbolted wheat flour consti-
tutes its great value as a nerve nourisher.
" Third. Rye flour made into bread and served twice a
week, from November to April.
" Fourth. Fresh fish, once a week at least, the year round.
" Fifth. Cheese, three times a week, the year round.
^ Sixth. Chocolate twice a week, at breakfast or supper,
from December to March.
^^ Seventh. Milk, as an article of drink, separate from tea
and coffee admixture, at supper daily.
^' We assume that true coffee and tea are daily given in all
our public institutions, and certainly, so far as the former' is
concerned, it is one which, physiologically considered, subserves
some of the highest purposes in the human economy, being not
only a digestive stimulator, but also a tissue saver. Tea corres-
ponds to it in many particulars, but in a far inferior degree. An
army might endure a forced march upon a ration of coffee and
biscuit alone, but it could not on tea, whatever its quality or
strength.
^^ All the above enumerated articles should be used to dimin-
ish the quantity of certain substances now consumed in excess,
such as molasses, salted meats, pork, fine wheat flour buckwheat
and com meal, and in a nutritive point of view they are more
than an offset.''
The suggestions here presented are matters which will attract
the attention of every house-keeper in the state, and they must
be of special interest to those who have immediate charge of
our state charitable and correctional institutions. We regard
it as quite
WITHIN THE SAKGB OF POSSIBILITY
to say the leasts that careful experiments in our state institu-
156
tions based upon these suggestions, may result not only in the
improvement of the health of the inmates but in a reduction in
the cost of subsistence.
In the following pages will be found as required by law, a
statement of the condition of each of the state charitable and
correctional institutions, together with the opinion of the Board
as to the appropriations proper to be made to each for the fol-
lowing year, with such suggestions and recommendations, as we
have felt it our duty to make. '
/
L— WISCONSIN INSTITUTION FOR THB EDUCATION
OF THE BLIND.
The entire number of pupils in the institution during the past
year, was seventy-six, of whom forty-three were males and
thirty-three females. The number in attendance in 1871 was
sixty-eight; the average attendance fifty-one, and the average
attendance last year fifty-seven.
Although the average number of pupils was seven more in 1872
than in 1871, the current expenses of the institution were con-
siderably less.
Current expenses in 1871 |21 ,168 94
Current expenses in 1873 20,884 68
♦779 41
The cost of subsistence in 1871, was |5,591 89
The cost of subsistence in 1872, was 4,548 08
11,048 86
t
A decrease in the year 1872 of over one thousand dollars on
the item of subsistence.
A comparison between the quantity and cost of some of the
leading articles of /
156
StrBSISTBNOE ANB CONSUMPTION
in 1871 and 1872 may not be uninteresting:
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
Bread and bread stuffs '.
. . .do do
Batter
. . .do .
Eggs.
. . . .do
Coffee
. . . .do .
Tea..
. . .do
Sugar.
. . .do .
Beef, mutton, pork, etc
do.
Z
Beef (included above) ..... . .
Poultry
. . .do . .
Fish.
. ^ . .do
Fruit
. . . .do
Fuel . .
. . . .do i
Light
> . . .do
3,486 lbs.
2.883 lbs.
l,114idoz.
788 doz.
605 lbs.
419 lbs
166 lbs.
185 lbs.
4,200 lbs.
8,453 lbs.
14,925 lbs.
15,854 lbs.
11,871 lbs.
14,282 Ids.
299^ lbs.
665 J lbs.
625 lbs.
655 lbs.
2W/\j
19 +
16*
14} f
20
23.6 +
90
70 +
10 +
7.3+
18
10.4+
'3'A +
1668 75
790 83
716 87
549 32
173 10
114 57
123 60
98 97
149 43
130 68
632 78
423 98
1,477 16
1, 191 06
1,200 13
1,048 49
40 76
69 28
40 40
48 78
818 84
308 28
3,440 27
3, 191 60
$78 41
385 21
In 1871, the institution was lighted with kerosene oil, in 1872
with gas manufactured on the premises.
The quantity and quality of the light in 1872, taken in connec-
tion with its greater safety, would fully warrant the difference
in cost.
167
The amount paid for salaries and wa^es
In 1871 was $5,586 60
In 1872 was 6,214 96
An increase if 1872 of 628 86
Tlie average cost per pupil for current expenses
In 1871 was 414 97
In 1872 was 857 62
A saving on each one of 57 85
The average cost per week for
•
1871 was 7 98
1872 was 6 88
Or a saving on each one per week of 1 10
The average cost per pupil for subsistence
1871 was ' 109 68
1872 was 79 70
A saving on each one of 29 93
The average cost per week for
1871 was 2 10
1872 was 1 58
A saving on each per week of 57
The whole number of persons subsisted in the house, includ-
ing ofiScers, employes and pupils, was 77, and the average cost
of the subsistence of each one was $59 per year, or |1.13 per
i^eek.
BECEIPTS.
The balance in the treasury- of the institution at ^the com-
mencement of the fiscal year was $6 ,367 43
Appropriation for current expenses of 1872 21, 000 00
Appropriation for purchase of land 1, 400 00
Receipts from work department, etc 1 ,034 65
129. 802 08
The disbursements for all purposes during the year have been 23 , 218 59
Leaving a balance on hand of 16,583 49
168
DI8BUBSEMENX8.
The disbursements, as classified in the report of the trustees,
were for the following purposes:
For amusements $82 31
Apparatus and means of instruction 663 94
Clothing 170 71
Drugs and medicines, and medical attendance 103 59
Fuel 3,191 60
House furnishing 649 15
Light (exclusive of fixtures) \ , 885 21
Miscellaneous purposes (including |1,400 for land) 8,974 85
Manufacturing expenses ^. . 667 10
Repairs 1,152 27
Permanent improvements 1 ,469 87
Bubslstence 4,548 03
Salaries and wages 6,214 96
$28,218 69
Deducting the amount of the following special expenditures
will leave as properly chargeable to "current expenses/'
$20,384.63.
For land $1,400 00
Lighting with gas 1,205 05
Apparatus 179 00
Superintendent's working fund 50 00
$2,834 05
ESTIMATES FOR 1878.
The estimate of the trustees for current expenses to January
31, 1874, is as follows:
t'or Subsistence $5,488 00
Salaries 4,925 00
Wages 2,000 00
Fuel 8,20000
Lights 500 00
Repairs 1,098 00
House-furnishing 908 00
Means of instruction 582 00
Expense of bam and stable 650 00
Miscellaneous purposes 1, 809 00
db
$20,500 OCi
From an examination of this estimate of the trustees, we are
satisfied that it has been carefully made, and that the amount
159
asked for is as small a sum as can reasonably be expected to
pay the current expenses of the institution to the first of
February, 1874.
This board were of the opinion; all things considered, that it
would be best to mak^ the appropriations for the current ex-
penses of all the state charitable and penal institutions, to
cover 'the period ending on the first day of April, 1874, but
after consulting with the legislature visiting committee, and
learning that they had decided that a more appropriate time
would be the first of February, and that they would report
appropriation bills accordingly; we have concluded to recom-
mend appropriations for the same period.
In the report the trustees say, " When the grounds of the in-
stitution were fenced, a mistake was made by which a small
piece of ground belonging to. Dr. R. S. Malony, was enclosed.
Most of this lies directly between the house and the street. To
regain possession of his property. Dr. Malony has commenced
legal proceedings.
He offers, however, to convey it to the institution upon re-
ceiving payment at the rate of $200 per acre. There is little
more than an acre of land.'^
They ask an appropriation of $250, to enable them to pur-
chase this land of Dr. Malony, and thus save the expense and
annoyance of legal proceedings, and we would recommend an
appropriation accordingly, and also an appropriation of $20,500
for current expenses from February 1, 1873, to February 1, 1874.
The trustees, in their report, ask for an appropriation of
$5,500 for the purpose of building a bam. Since the printing
of the report they have notified the board that, at a subsequent
meeting held for the purpose of considering the matter, they
had decided to withdraw the request for the appropriation.
THIS INSTITUTION WAS VISITED
By one or more representatives of the board four times
during the year, and at each visit everything in and around the
building was found in a most satisfactory condition.
The pupils were visited while engaged in their regular class
160
exercises. The teachers appeared to be well qualified for their
positions, and the pupils were evidently making rs^Ad progress
in their studies.
Mr. Little, the able and experienced superintendent, is un-
wearied in the discharge of his laborious and responsible duties,
and with the aid of those he has called around him, we feel
assured the institution is accomplishing the good work for which
it was organized.
n.— WISCONSIN INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION
OF THE DEAF AND DUMB.
The whole number of pupils in attendance upon this institu-
tion during the past year was 164; the number in attendance at
the close of the year October 1, 1872, was 144, 80 boys and 57
girls, and the average number in attendance during the year
was 137.
EPPENDITURES IN 1871,
The amount expended for current expenses during the fiscal
year ending October Ist, 1871, was as follows, as classified in the
report of the trustees for that year:
Provisons and groceries |5 ,910 90
Meat 2,535 67
Building and repairing. 1 ,255 32
Balaies 11,221 83
Wages 1,979 84
Dry goods 1 , 576 83
Cabinet shop 287 18
Shoe shop 874 13
Fuel and light ; 3,813 92
Farm, barn and stock 696 50
Steam fixtures 867 54
Pupils 663 20
Books 528 60
Furniture and hardware 1 ,164 97
Insurance and trustees expenses. ,, 1 ,923 38
Freight, drugs and miscellaneons 428 96
$85,780 77
161
EXPENDITURES IN 1872.
The amount expended for current expenses for the year 1872,
as reported by the trustees, is as follows:
For Means of instruction |454 82
Clothing 817 60
Drugs and Medicines 104 06
Farm expenses 491 07
Fuel 2,886 87
House furnishing 2 , 109 06
Livestock 130 00
Lights (exclusive of fixtures 2M 25
Liquors 7 28
Manufacturing expenses 1, 000 27
Miscellaneous purposes 1 ,789 77
Repairs 1,701 21
Permanent improvements 691 85
Subsistence 7,617 14
Salaries and wages 14,720 19
»34,174 87
APPROPRIATION FOR 1872.
The amount appropriated by the last legislature for current
expenses, was $37,949.00; the amount expended was but
$34,174.37, a decrease of $3,774.63.
The trustees were authorized by chapter 123, of the general
laws of 1872, to expend the sum of $1,500 in the purchase often
acres of land, about eighty lods distant from the institute build-
ing, provided the amount could properly be saved from the sum
appropriated for current expenses.
The purchase has not been made, and we think the trustees
acted wisely in not making it.
The current expenses of the institution were $1,556.40 less in
1872 than in 1871, although the average nember of pupils in at-
tendance in 1872 was ten more than in 1871.
8UBSISTBNCB.
The cost of subsistence in 1871 was 18,446 57
And in 1872 it was 7,617 14
The average cost of subsistence for each pupil for the year
1871 was $66.51, or $1.27 per week.
11— C. & R. (Doc. 13.)
162
The average cost for the year 1872, was $55.60, or $1.07 per
week; g
The average cost of the entire
CUBRENT EPPENSE
For each pupil for the year 1871, was $281.34, or $5.41 per
week; for the year 1872, it was $249.44, or $4.80 per week.
We present a statement of the quantity and cost of some of
the- leading articles of subsistence purchased in 1871 and 1872.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 1871 AND 1872,
In 1871 the amount and cost of breadstu£Fs was as follows:
210 bbls. flour, average cost $5.50 |1,155 OO
12W cwt buckwheat flour 2.50 81 25
20 cwt. Qraham flour 2.25 45 OO
2,000 lbs. com meal 1.50 per cwt 80 UO
1 ,000 lbs. crackeiB Ocents 00 00
♦1,821 25
In 1872, the amount and cost was as follows:
158 bbls. flour (6.28 $M8 75
5 bbls. buckwheat r. 7.00 85 00
8 bbls. Graham flour 45 63
1,650 lbs. corn meal 22 16
619 lbs. crackers 46 28
11,182 75
Forty barrels of flour were purchased in 1872, and not in-
cluded in the above statement, as the person from whom it was
purchased failed to present his bill before the accounts for the
year were made up. This would make the cost of breadstuff's
about the same for both years. A quantity of potatoes, costing
about the same as the forty barrels of flour, were paid for in
1872, which will not be consumed until 1873, which will make
the amount paid for subsistence during the year substan-
tially correct.
In 1872 the aggregate cost of meat was $438.16 less than in
1871, although an average of ten persons more were fed in 1872
than in 1871.
168
The amount and cost of •osio of the
during the two years is as follows:
leading articles used
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
1871
1873
17,064 lb.
14,566}^ lb.
4,500 lb.
5, 887 lb.
1,000 lb.
351^1^ lb.
500
60
499
471
lb.
lb,
lb.
lb.
1,000 lb.
849 lb.
309 lb.
748^ lb
781
1,308
lb.
lb
4,800 lb.
5, 856 lb.
1,560 dz.
1,866 dz.
8,065 lb.
8,163 lb.
350 tons
350 tons
80 cd.
68;gcd.
Fresh beef,
...do
Salt beef.
. . .do. . . .
Mutton
. . . do .
Fresh pork
...do
Veal..
. . . .do.
Sausage
. . .do?. .
Salt pork
— do. . . .
Salt fish, halibuts white fish. .
Fish, dr. beef, ham, oysters, ice.
Poultry,
...do...
Butter
. . . .do.
Eggs
Sugar
Trustees, and insurance.
— do do
Coal .
. . . .do.
Wood
....do.
Salaries and wages.
...do do ...
♦ 09.7+
08.97
07
06.39
10
08
10
09.1
10
08
13.5
11 +
08!l6 +
10.5
09.6+
33
19.8 +
13.5
13.1 +
13.7 +
11.7+
10 85 ....
10 05
5 00
470+...
11,658 40
1,806 43
815 00
888 76
100 00
30 13
50 00
5 46
49 90
37 73
135 00
88 81
36 13
68 86
184 50
310 31
76 75
115 83
946 00
1,064 87
195 00
179 58
1,037 00
959 45
1,935 88
889 00
3,713 50
3,513 50
400 00
834 37
13,301 67
14, 730 19
164
8TA.TBMXNT OF FIKAKCB8.
The balance in the hands of the treasurer of the institute on
the first day of October, 1871* was |2,606 42
Amount in tne State Treasury of the previous yearns appropri-
ation since paid over 11, 432 00
Beceived from the State Treasurer on account of the appropri-
ation of 1872 28,461 75
Received from the Principal of the Institute, receipts trom the
shops and other sources 724 52
$48,224 69
The amount disbursed for all purposes during the year was. . . 84,174 37
Leaving in the hands of the treasurer, October 1, 1872 $9,050 33
ESTIMATES FOR 1878.
The estimate of the trustees for current expenses to April 1,
1874, is as follows:
Amusements and means of instruction $400 00
Clothing and expenses of indigent pupils 1 ,000 00
Drugs and medicines 100 00
Farm , barn and stock 800 00
Fuel 8,500 00
House furnishing 2,250 00
Lights 500 00
Miscellaneous 1 ,550 00
Repairs 1,600 00
Permanent improvements 700 00
Subsistence 9 , 8$^4 00
Salaries and wages 16, 155 00
$38,879 00
We notice that in the above estimate the amount asked for
the following purposes, is in excess of the amount expended last
year, as follows:
Fuel
Light
^Subsistence
Salaries and wages
Cost for 1872.
$2,886 87
254 25
7,617 14
14,720 19
Asked for
1873.
$8,500
500
9,824
16,155
Excess.
$663 13
245 75
2,206 86
1.434 81
The amount paid for salaries and wages in 1872 was $1,518.52
in excess of what was paid in 1871.
^ 165
The reasons assigned for asking this excess are as follows:
Fuel. — The contract last year was a more favorable one than
they have any reason to expect next year. More wood will be
needed next year than was lised last year. The building has not
been fully heated. y
lAghtB. — The cost of gasoline is nearly double what was for-
merly paid for it, and it is thought the additional cost for lights
will be quite what is asked for.
Subsistence. — Calculation is made for an increase of at least
fifteen pupils, and some allowance is also made for fluctuation in
prices.
Salaries. — ^The peculiarities of the work of this institution
and the necessity of training the teachers and the keeping of
them after they ar^ trained, compels a scale of prices^ without
which, instructors of a certain kind, could not be secured or
retained, and without which the institute could not accomplish
its work. The maximum of this scale is not reached until the
fifth year.
The most of the instructors board themselves which makes
the salaries higher than they would otherwise be.
An increase was made ki the salaries last year and another
increase must be made this year.
All but one of the teachers will reach his maximum of salary
next year, so that this large increase will not occur again, unless
the Institute becomes enlarged to a number greater than 160
pupils.
October 1st, 1872, there was in the hunds of the treasurer of
the institute f9,050 82
And in the state treasury, of the appropriation of last winter
undrawn 9,487 25
Making a total of ^18,687 67
This amount will be sufficient to pay the expenses of the in-
stitute to the first of April, 1873.
In case the legislature conclude to provide for the expenses
of the state institutions to the first of April, 1874, we would
reoommend the appropriation asked for, |88,379, but in the
event the conclusion is to appropriate only to the first day of
February, 1874, then the amount seeded will be one-sixth less
or $31,982 50, which we think will be sufficient for current ex-
penses from April 1st, 1873 to February 1st, 1874.
The trustees ask for an appropriation of $35,000 for an[enlarge-
ment of the building.
We are aware that there are inconveniences growing out of
the limited size of the kitchen, laundry and dining room, bat
they are far less than the inconvencies from similar causes in
some of the other state institutions.
From a careful examination of the dormitories we are satis-
fied that from fifteen to twenty more children can be accommo-
dated without any very serious inconvenience, and without
crowding to anything like the extent the boys at the industrial
school of Wauhesha are now and have been for some time past
crowded.
If the funds of the state were in a condition to admit of it, we
would recommend an appropriation with a view to an enlarge-
ment of the building, believing that by the time it could be
completed, there would be need for it, but we seriously ques-
tion whether an enlargement of the size contemplated, provid-
ing accommodation for double the number of pupils now in the
institute, will be needed for several years to come.
We would recommend that the trustees have prepared a plan
for the proposed enlargement, with estimates of the cost, and
that they submit the same to the governor.
This institution was visited four times during the year, by one
or more representatives of the board.
At each visit everything was found in a most satisfactory con-
dition.
The board were present at
THB CLOSING EXEBCldSd OF THE SCHOOL
On the 13th of June, 1872. These exercises were of an ex-
ceedingly interesting character. The first class examined was
that of Miss Johnson. The childrvft entered the school in the
167
month of September, 1871, and hence had received but ten nustnths
instruotion. The progress they had made in this short time-was
most gratifying.
The penmanship of the children was excellent when it is con-
sidered that they knew nothing of the formation of letters
before entering the institution.
One of the boys was told to write on the black-board
WHAT HE HAD LEARNED ABOUT GOD.
He promptly wrote, in a plain and distinct hand, as follows:
*' God made animals.
God is very ^od.
God is merciful to sinners.
God wishes ns to do good.
God will forrive us if we pray to him.
We must be humble and patient.
We must be kind and pleasant.
God will love us if we do right"
THE NEXT CLASS BXAMIKED,
Was that of Prof. Schilling. This class had been in the in-
stitution twenty months. One of the boys was told to select
some subject and write about it on the black-board. He se-
lected "The Goat," and wrote as follows:
** I write about the goat.
A goat walks on the ground.
He goes to the looking glass.
He fights a rooster.
The rooster bite his nose.
He hooks at the rooster.
The rooster flies away."
The boy continued his essay at some length in which he gave
an account of a contest a goat once had with a looking glass the
goat taking the reflection in the glass to be another goat.
Another boy drew on the black-board from memory, a very
fair map of the New England states; and another drew a map
of the middle states. Others gave the names of the mountains,
lakes, rivers, and chief cities of the different states embraced in
the maps. Another did a difficult sum in arithmetic, and
168
another wrote a description on the black-board of a piotore that
was handed to him.
About forty children entered the school in September, 1870
Among the number were two that were thought to be almost
idiotic. These two were examined, and showed that thej had
made considerable progress. They wrote on the black-board
answers to questions that were asked them. Thej also wrote
down figures and added them together. The examination of
Miss Eddy's
CLASS IN ABTICITLATION
Was witnessed with the deepest interest by the large audi-
ence who were present. The class was addressed by the teach-
er in her natural voice and told to do various things. She
was understood and her requests complied with. They all read
in an audible voice sentences that were written on the black-
board. They were given the name of a person in the audience.
He was pointed out to them and they were told to describe him
which was done something as follows:
" Mr. A, is a large man.
His hair is brown.
His coat is black.
He is good.
He is very pretty.
He smiles.
His hands are clean.
His shoes are black.
His stockings are white.
He is writing on a paper."
THB CLASS LAST EXAMINED
Was that of Professor Valentine's. One of the girls recited
some poetry in sign language. It was well done. The class
answered questions showing an excellent knowledge of the
constitution of the United States, and the constitution of the
state of Wisconsin. They also answered questions showing a
good knowledge of book-keeping.
169
THB BEY. DB. CHAPIN,
One of the trustees, gave an account in sign language of
something that occurred in a recent visit he had made to the naval
school at Annappolis. After watching him until he was through,
two of the pupils wrote the whole account on the black-board,
showing that they had good memories and an excellent command
of language.
The favorable impressions of this institution, made by our
visits of the previous year, have been more than confirmed by
subsequent visits. Although it is unpleasant to sec so many
children and youth deprived of the power of speech and hear-
ing, yet there is so much that is pleasant and cheerful, and inspir-
ing— so much that is suggestive of comfort and happiness, so
much that gives evidence of the good work that is being done
here, that our visits are always pleasant, and we leave the insti-
tution strongly impressed with the feeling that it is in the charge
of those who appreciate the work in which they are engaged,
and whose great aim is to benefit those under their charge.
Mr. Weed, the principal, has now been in charge of the insti-
tution nearly two years, and we should not do justice to our
own feelings should we fail to express our high appreciation of
the admirable manner in which he is discharging his duties.
We regard the trustees as exceedingly fortunate in securing his
services, and we trust his connection with the institution will
long continue.
III.— WISCONSIN STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE-
•
This institution was visited four times during the past year by
the Board, or some representative thereof, and at each visit
evidcmce of the watchful care of the officers, and of the genera
prosperity of the institution was seen on every hand. ^
The following table, taken from the report of the superin-
tendent will show the important facts in relation to the
170
POPULATIOIT OF THE HOBPirAL
During the past year:
Patients in hospital, September 90, 1871.
Admitted during the year
Whole number treated
Discharged recovered ,
Discharged improved
Discharged unimproved
Died ,
Whole number discharged
Remaining September 80, 1872
Daily average under treatment
Male.
Female.
173
182
93
73
265
256
84
26
19
7
19
18
11
83
14
65
182
191
178
189
ToUI.
355
166
521
60
26
87
25
148
373
365
The following table will show the whole number of patients
each year, the average number at the end of each year, and the
annual expense of each patient and the expense per week for
each year the hospital has been in operation:
'ViEAn
Whole
AveraKe
No. at end
nam1»er.
nomber.
of year.
1860
45
7
41
1861
147
90
103
1862
192
117
131
1863
254
162
188
1864
800
187
170
1865
257
179
177
1866
272
181
180
1867
294
185
180 •
1868
855
203
246
1869
455
810
864
1870
532
362
860
1871
524
859
855
1872
521
365
873
Cnrrent expenses
each year.
$8,875 89
21,602 18
22,038 49
81,716 86
85,311 12
47,309 78
40,495 60
44,118 87
46,818 00
71,820 08
80,518 37
76,890 61
86,770 56
$606,785 91
Anneal ex-
pense per
patient.
$240 08
196 90
195 75
188 88
264 30
228 73
286 28
230 62
280 06
223 66
214 18
237 78
Bxpense
per week
per pa^nt
$4 61
8 79
8 75
8 68
08
30
50
43
42
30
12
57
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
171
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172
Of the 373 patients in the hospital at the close of the fiscal
year, 270 were regarded as incurable^ 138 males and 152 fe-
males; and but 83 curable, 44 males, and 39 females.
The amount expended for current expenses during the past
year, including ordinary repairs to the building and heating ap-
paratus, bedding, furniture and clothing for patients, was
$86,770.56.
The average number of patients was 365, and the average
number of persons subsisted in the house, exclusive of visitors^
was 448.
This latter number is made up in this way:
Patients 365
Officers and employes 75
Not employed 4
Carpenters, painters, masons, plasterers and boiler makers, amount-
ing to 4 persons 4
THE ENTIBE EXPENDITURES
For the year, as classified by the superintendent, were as fol-
lows:
For amusements and means of instruction |7 ,235 51
Clothing 7,235 61
Drugs and medicines 927 22
Farm expenses 2,805 36
Fuel 11.091 80
House furnishing 6,371 81
Live stock 356 00
Lights (exclusive of fixtures) 1 ,145 25
Liquors 1,109 60
Miscellaneous purposes 4,272 85
Repairs— ordinary 8,692 35
Repairs extraordinary and new furniture 4,814 46
Permanent improyements and real estate 10 ,021 86
Subsistence 24,741 04
Salary and wages 22,890 63
|ia5,975 78
173
The expenditures for
SUBSISTENCE
During^ the past year were as follows:
For Meat |7,067 75
Flour 8,473 10
Butter 4,088 28
Sugar 2,893 88
Meat 1,207 27
Tea 1,144 91
Coffee 1,014 97
Egffs 799 46
Pish and oyters 769 55
Vegetables 91 2 16
Small groceries and spices 569 49
Poultry 877 03
Cheese 279 37
Rice 229 88
Syrup 225 80
Crackers 186 00
Vinegar 73 61
$24,741 94
The following is
A COMPABISON
Between the quantity and cost of some of the leading articles
used in the hospital in 1871 and 1872:
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
676 bbls.
691! l3bls.
2,967 lbs...
2,809ilbs..
8,675 lbs...
l,996ilbs..
162,170 lbs...
168,677 lbs...
18, 877 J lbs..
26,550 lbs...
6.838doz..
4,883 lbs..
4,806 lbs..
1,894 lbs..
1,648 lbs..
Pamily flour, in bulk.
. . . .do
Crackers
...do...
Cheese
...do..
Beef, on foot
...do
Butter
...do.
Eggi
s .
o.
Coffee
...do.
Tea
$4
5
.do
90
67i
06i
06i
18
14
04i
03x^0
17
15J
11
19
28}
87
75
12,846 55
8,856 86
174 88
186 00
509 60
279 87
6,864 66
6,788 40
8,210 47
4,038 28
765 55
799 46
866 63
1* 014 07
1 ,395 79
1,144 91
174
Comparative 7a&/e— continued.
1871'
1872
1871
1873
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
18, 868 lbs..
10,808 lbs..
10,000 lbs..
9,740 lbs..
212 lbs..
240 lbs..
8,245 lbs..
4.284 lbs..
4,622 lbs..
2,881 lbs..
65 gals.
129 gals.
21 gals.
91} gals-
26} gals
2824 gals.
96} gals.
85 gals.
l}doz.
457} lbs..
668} lbs..
Brown sngar.
White. ..do..
Brown., do.
CJoffee. ..do.
Crashed, do.
Pulver'd do
Poultry.
. . .do. . ,
Rice .
. . .do,
Fish and oysters
. . .do . . . do. . . .
Drugs and medicines.
. . .do. . . . do
Alcohol
Bourbon whisky.
Cabinet whisky .
Wine...*
Ale and beer . . . .
Brandy . . .
Whisky. . .
Wine
Cider
Sour wine
Beer
Tobacco
...do...
Salaries and wages
. . .do. . . . do
Trustees and visiting
committees' ezp's
Trustees and visiting
committees' exp's
Light.
...do,
11
18
11,665 29
1,455 27
iVM
2 15
8 82
6 00
4 42
9
2
2
61|
91
25
18 00
61
55|
,114 67
1,217 67
28 09
88 00
$118 70
428 50
126 00
402 11
55 00
$252 50
498 98
280 84
21 20
81 50
25 00
8,020 66
2,893 88
319 80
377 08
421 83
229 88
1,031 88
759 65
776 17
927 22
1,130 31
1,110 02
283 47
870 85
21,973 62
22,890 88
1,138 15
418 05
1,801 88
1,145 26
In the report of the Superintendent will be found a detailed
statement of all expenditures audited by him.
The following is a
176
DETAILED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITUBES
audited by the Board of Trustees, and not included in the re-
port of the Superintendent, except in the aggregate:
For trustees and visiting committee expenses $418 05
85 acres of land 8,506 60
Livery for use of trustees visting commi^ 84 00
Insurance and inspection of steam boiled. 113 50
Rent of Farwell place 800 75
Abstracts of title and recording deeds. : . . 88 85
Expenses attending Dr. Marshall's death and fVineral as
follows :
Casket and funeral expenses $188 00
Telegraphing 60 14
Livery 80 00
268 14
Expense of entertaining commissioners of public chari-
ties of 111., (hotel bill) 26 87
Expenses of entertaining association of superintendents
of the insane, as follows:
Steamboat excursion on lake.. 8 00
Omnibusses and coaches 83 00 : . . .
Livery 185 00
176 00
For artificial leg for patient whose leg was broken in the
hospitol 76 45
14,947 21
176
The following table, furnished by the Superintendent in his
annual report, will show the
PBODUCTIOXS OF THB FABM AND GABBEN,
And their value, with the cost:
462 bush.
1,420 bush.
1,280 bush.
126 tons.
60 tons.
40 tons.
600 bush.
1,032 bush.
76 bush.
1,664 bush.
276 bush.
80 bush.
40 bush.
86 bush.
200 bush.
26 bush.
10 bush.
76 bnsh.
60 bush.
600 lbs . .
1 ton. .
8,000 heads
600 heads
64 galls.
6 bbls.
26 bush.
17,010 lbs..
7,260 !bs..
881 lbs . .
29,289 qts. .
62 head.
Wheat " ..
Oats
Com
Tame Hay
Straw
Com Btakls
Potatoes
Carrots
Early Turnips
Flat Turnips
Beets
Parsnips
Beans
Sweet Corn
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Green Peas ■
Onions
Apples
Grapes
Pie plant
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Maple Sugar
Vinegar
Strawberries
Pork (live weight)
Stock Hogs
Veal
Asparagus, Lettuce, Cucumbers, Cur
rants, etc
Milk
Cattle pastured
Total
11 80
26
36
10 00
4
4
00
00
46
86
40
80
80
40
8 60
40
00
00
00
60
46
10
40
6
8
1 00
10 00
4 80
4 00
8 00
8
1
1
1
1
6
14 00
Cost of feeding cows
manucl labor
team labor (|1 per day)
feeding teams
board for manual labor
seeds of all kinds .
blacksmithing
tools, implements and repairs.
$808 80
646 89
416 60
468 60
864 00
199 14
89 70
218 46
$662 60
866 00
420 60
1,260 00
200 00
160 00
226 00
861 20
80 00
469 20
82 60
82 00
140 00
84 00
200 00
26 00
10 00
112 60
22 60
60 00
40 00
160 00
40 00
64 00
60 00
120 00
680 UO
216 00
80 48
200 00
1,464 00
728 00
$8,664 80
$3,271 09
$6,288 71
177
The jearly , cost per capita for current expenses for the past
year, on the average number of patients was $287 73
or $4.67 per week.
The yearly cost per capita for current expenses on the whole
number connected with the hospital was 198 68
or $8.72 per week.
The yearly cost per aipita for subsistence for the past year on
the average number of patients was 67 78+
or $1.80+ per week.
The yearly cost per capita for subsistence on the whole number
subsisted, was 55 22—
or $1.06+ per week.
THE ESTIMATE FOR CURRENT EXPENSES
For the year ending January 1, 1874, is as follows:
Subsistence $24,000 00
Salaries and wages 23,000 00
Fuel 10,000 00
Farm and bam expenses 2, 500 00
Drugs, medicines and liquors 1,500 00
Light and oil 1,200 00
Amusements and entertainments 500 00
Papers, periodicals, stationery and postage 600 00
Bedding and furniture 6, 000 00
Clothing for patients 6,000 00
Repairs for building and heating apparatus 5 ,000 00
Trustees and visiting committee expenses 700 00
$80,000 00
ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATIONS
Are needed for the following purposes:
For repairs on laundry, and boiler rooms and additions
thereto, including new coal house and smoke stacli;, in
consequence of Are *. . . . $25,875 00
(When the trustees made the estimate for the above, as set
forth in their report, the bills were not all in, add their
estimate was below the cost.)
For carpenter and work shop 2,500 00
For hose and connections 1, 500 00
For increasing supply of water 2,000 00
$111,875 00
To meet these expenditures there will be received
the amount charged to counties,for maintenance
of patients, clothing, etc $29, 552 00
Amount that will be received from friends of pa-
tients for maintenance and clothing, estimated at 8 ,500 00
83,052 90
$78, 822 10
12— C. & R (Doc.18.)
178
hemwing the amoant necessarjr to be appropruUed firom the StaUS
Treasury to pay the corrent expenses of the hospital and for
other purposes as abore set forth to January 1, 1^4 178,822 10
Or if the appropriation should be made to cover the expensea
to February 1, 1874, one- twelfth of the amount required for
current ezpen<K.s, to wit, $6,666.66 should be added, making
the amount of the appropriation needed 85 ,488 76
The trustees ask for an appropriation payable one half in
1873 and the balance in 1874, for the purpose of erecting two
wings, one on the east end of the present building, and the
other on the west end«
We are of the opinion that it will not be long before it will be
the duty of the state to provide for the enlargement asked for,
but in view of the embarrassed condition of the state finances,
and of the fact that the opening of the Northern Hospital will
furnish accommodations for all or nearly all of the insane in the
state who are proper subjects for hospital treatment, as shown
by the statistics gathered from towns and counties, published in
this report, we cannot recommend any action in this direction at
the present session of the Legislature.
In the report of the trustees they say, ^' on the 8th of Au-
gust last, the laundry, with all its machinery, was
" DBSTBOTED BY FI&E,
" The fire also destroying the wooden building attached to
the coal house adjoining the boiler house, used for storing coal,
with seventy- ffve tons of coal that were in it at the time, and
also seriously damaging the boilers and the connecting steam
pipes.
^^ The exigencies of the case
^^ DEMANDED IMMEDIATE ACTION
"In order to keep the hospital running, and to provide for the
repair of the boilers and renewal of steam pipes, before the ap-
proach of cold weather, as without this there would be no way
to save the inmates of the hospital from suffering."
The trustees were immediately called together, and they de-
cided to proceed at once to rebuild and repair.
179
Although as a general rule, the trustees of our state institu-
tions should not erect buildings, or incur any extraordinary ex-
pense, without the express authority of law, we are of the opin-
ion that this was a special emergency which fully justified the
course taken by the trustees, and we doubt not will be sanc-
tioned by the legislature
The trustees in their report, in speaking of Dr. McDill, say,
" In the report of the superintendent, we received the not un-
expected notice of his
BBSIGKATION,
" To take effect in the month of February. He leaves us to take
his seat in the 43d congress, as the representative of the eighth
congressional district. He will enter upon new and important
duties, but not more arduous or responsible than those he leaves.
Gladly would we have retained him with us, but as he has cho-
sen this new sphere of labor, we can ask nothing better for him
than that his labors may be as satisfactory and successful there
as they have been here. His loss from the hospital will be
deeply regretted by all connected with the institution."
We can cordially unite with the trustees in their kind ex-
pressions in relation to Dr. McDill, and in their regret in losing
him from the hospital, and our earnest desire is that success and
prosperity may attend him in his new sphere of labor.
While visiting the hospital at different times, and inquiring
into its management, we have been impressed with the convic-
tion that the superintendent had
TOO MUCH PSBSONAL LABOR
To perform, in connection with the purchasing of supplies,
the settling of accounts, and other outside matters. The chief
executive officer of so large an establishment, embracing a pop-
ulation of almost four hundred and fifty persons, more than
three hundred and fifty of whom are invalids, should not have
his time and personal attention occupied with the details of
business that can be attend. d to by a person whose services are
of far less value.
180
The superiDtendent, while he should hav^e the oversight and
control of everything, should be so situated that he can give
his best thoughts and his chief attention to the care of the hun-
dreds who are in the hospital, with the hope that through its
remedial agencies they may be restored to health of body
and mind.
We notice that not only the organic act, but the by-laws of
the hospital, provide for the employment of a steward, and we
trust that simultaneously with the election of the superin-
tendent to suceed Dr. McDill, a competent steward will be em-
ployed, who will relieve the new superintendent of much
of the outside labor that has been so well performed by
Dr. McDill.
There is another matter to which the attention of the Board
has been called while passing through the wards of the hospital
from time to time, and that is the character of the attendants.
From our want of experience in the management of hospitals
for the insane, we should have felt some hesitation in express-
ing our views in relation to this matter, had we known or even
supposed that they would not coincide with the views of those
whose long experience and observation render them specially
.qualified to form a correct judgment.
We find in the last report of the hospital that Dr. McDill has
given expression to views on this subject, entirely in harmony
with our own, and we take pleasure in quoting them:
"the gbbat importance
^' Of having in every hospital for the insane an efficient corps
of experienced and properly qualified attendants, is hardly any-
where thoroughly understood, nor the value of the duties per-
formed by them, adequately appreciated outside of a hospital.
^' The traits of character and high standard of qualifications
desirable in an attendant are not always possessed by those who
are willing to engage in this service. Neither will liberal
wages alone secure the qualifications desirable in an attend-
ant upon the insane, but when persons are once found who
181
have clearly manifested all the conscientiousneBS, fidelity, tact
and real ability that are desirable in an attendant, no want of a
reasonable amount of compensation should ever be permitted
to allow them to leave this for any more profitable calling, as
such persons might reasonably be expected to do."
We are satisfied that Dr. McDill has here called attention to
one of the most important matters connected with the manage-
ment of hospitals for the insane and one which cannot be too
soon or too carefully considered by those interested in the
control of this class of institutions.
DB« W. H. BOCKWBLL,
Superintendent of the Vermont asylum for the insane, in his
report for 1866, says:
'^ The importance of a proper corps of attendants cannot be
too greatly appreciated. The comfort and welfare of the
patients are greatly affected by the character of those under
whom they are immediately placed. If the attendants are of a
benevolent and obliging disposition, industrious in their habits,
mild, yet decisive in their manners, and possessing a favorable
and pleasant tact to perform their several duties, they will greatly
relieve the labors of the physician and promote the recovery of
the patients. Those who are mild, amiable and courteous, will
impart the same feelings to those around them; while those who
are nervous and irritable will create a gloomy and unpleasant
atmosphere to all with whom they come in contact."
DB. WM. H. PBINCB,
Former superintendent of the state lunatic asylum at North-
ampton, Massachusetts, in his report of 1858, in speaking of at-
tendants, says:
** Placed in constant contact with their patients and having
unrestricted intercourse with them, their influence is powerful for
good or evil, and the success of a hospital as a curative institu-
182
tion, is, to a considerable extent, dependent on their fidelity and
natural adaptation to the performance of the peculiar duties of
the office. The mere performance of prescribed duties in the
wards, however promptly and well done, cannot be considered
as by any means fully satisfying the demands of the position *
There must be an active, sympathizing interest felt in thei^ un-
fortunate charge; a desire to promote the cure of the patients
committed to their care, by constant watchfulness over their
conduct, and their intercourse with one another, over their
amusements and their daily habits, and a determination to make
their comfort and well-being the object of paramount import-
ance. There is constantly some patient to be soothed, or con-
soled, or amused or constrained, and unless attended to at the
proper time and in a judicious manner, an opportunity for mak-
ing a favorable impression upon the disease is perhaps lost
through a momentary neglect, or an improper manner."
DB. KIRKBRIDE,
Of the Pennsylvania hospital for the insane, says: ^^ Good at-
tendants cannot fail to be of great service in a ward while those
without the requisite qualifications may essentially diminish the
enjoyments of patients, and instead of advancing, may actually
retard the recovery of those under their care. Good intentions
are not enough to make good attendants, or good companions
for the insane; attention is to be paid to many small matters; per-
sonal appearance, manner, dress, are not to be neglected, and
what can only be described as iact is indispensable. Not only
must they feel sym|>athy, but they must be able to show that
they really do feel it. It does little to satisfy insane persons to
be told that all around them sympathize with them in their afflic-
tions, when they see no evidence of it manifested. A look, a
word, a gesture, the simple tone of the voice itself, when pa-
tients are highly excitable, often decides whether an individual
shall be calm or the reverse, but indirectly whether a whol©
ward, for some time afterwards, is to be a scene of noise and
confusion, or of quiet and correct deportment.'*
183
We are satisfied there is nothing of more importance to a hos-
pital for the insane, nothing upon which its real prosperity and
success depend more than the
CHABACTBB AND QUALIFICATIONS OF THE ATTENDANTS, —
Those who are constantly, daily and hourly, in immediate con-
tact with the patients. If we haye a class of men and women
who are experienced, who are kind, humane, gentle, intelligent, —
whose hearts are in the work, and who really desire to benefit
those under their charge, their influence must be most happy,
and cannot fail to give power and efficiency to the remedial
measures adopted by the Superintendent for the restoration of
the reason of the patients; while, on the other hand, if the at-
tendants are too young and inexperienced, ignorant, cruel, in-
temperate, brutal and vicious in their habits generally, with no
real interest in the welfare of those under their charge, caring
only to pass away their time and draw their pay, their influence
must be most unhappy, and will tend powerfully to counteract
the good which might otherwise be accomplished.
But it may be objected, that such attendants as we speak of
CANNOT BE PROCUKED
For the wages that are now paid; we are well aware of this
fact, as we know that those possessing the requisite qualifica-
tions of mind and heart for good attendants, can always procure
better pay in other and pleasanter fields of labor.
There is always a demand for persons possessing such traits of
character as are needed here, in other pursuits of life, and we
cannot procure them unless we pay the market value of the ser-
vices they are prepared to render.
The settlement of this question should not turn upon the
matter of cost. Other important questions in relation to the
care and management of the insane are not settled in this way.
The questions should be, What is right? What is best? What
will best secure the great end for which the'institution has been
established? A superintendent is not hired because his services
184
can be had for a small sum; there are certain important duties
to be performed, and we look around for the man who is best
able to perform them, and then we secure him, and pay what his
services are worth in the market. If we wish to build a barn,
or a laundry, or any addition to the hospital, we want the work
done in the best possible manner, and we employ men to do it
who understand their business, and who can and will do it well,
and then we pay them the full value of the work done. If an
engineer, or a carpenter, or a farmer is to be employed, care is
taken to find one who fully understands his business, one who
will do, and do well, just the work we want done, and then we
don't hesitate to pay the value of the service rendered.
Why should not this matter of the selection and compensation
of attendants be looked upon and settled in the same way? The
main object of the establishment of our hospitals for the insane is
the restoration of the reason of those who are unfortunately de-
prived of it. To secure this result, nothing is more important than
to have the right kind of attendants; the class of attendants needed
cannot be secured for the compensation now paid — what then
shall be done? Shall we secure them in the same way we secure
other things we need, by paying their value, or shall we con-
tinue on in the way we have thus far gone, rendering the good
results of the vast outlay of money in building our great hos-
pitals, and in their support, far less than they otherwise would be?
. We would commend this matter to all interested in the man-
agement of these institutions, to the legislature, and to the
people generally, believing it to be one of the greatest import-
ance and with the full conviction that whenever it is carefully
considered the proper action will be taken.
There are scattered through the land persons who are natu-
rally adapted to the care of the insane, who are patient and en-
during, who have hearts that deeply sympathize with the unfor-
tunate and the suffering, and who long to be in positions where
they can administer to the wants and relieve the necessities of
such. Those who have the charge of our hospitals for the in-
sane should be constantly on the lookout for such persons, and
185
when fouod their services should be secured and a sufficient
compensation paid to secure their continuing in the service.
Experience in the care of the insane is of great value, and
hence, when it is found that a person has been employed who is
really adapted to the place, proper inducements should be held
out to him to remain permanently, and as one mean to secure
this result, we would suggest that a fair compensation be fixed
for new and inexperienced attendants, to be increased yearly,
where the individual is found to be adapted to the service, until
it reaches a maximum equal to the compensation paid for ser-
vices of equal value in other fields of labor. Let this course be
entered upon at once and followed up until there is at least one
first-class attendant in each of the wards in the hospital.
IV.— INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS.
THE KUMBBB OF INMATES
Of this institution at the beginning of the year, October 1, 1871, was 289
Received during the year 108
Making the whole number in school during the year 847
Whole number in school since July, 1860 886
Returned to parents on ticket 86
Out to place on ticket {, 28
Escaped 10
Deaths 1
Number in school October 1, 1872 278
847
Smallest number a^ any time during the year 280
Largest do 284
Ay er age do 252
The average age of those committed in previous years 14.6
The average age of those committed the past year 12.26
Total 18.88
186
THB NATIONALITY OP THE PARENTS
Of the boys in the school during the past year, is as follows:
AmerlcftD 89
Foreign 228
Unknown 35
847
THE BIRTH PLACE OF THE CAILBREN
American 279
Foreign countries 82
Birth place unknown 86
Total 347
'• Forty-six of the inmates have neither father or mother liv-
ing; one hundred aud forty-five have no father living, and one
hundred and thirteen no mothers; forty-nine have step-fathers
and foriy-four step-mothers. Only 144 of the whole number
have both parents living, and of these, the parents of twenty-
six are seperated, several are insane and several are intemperate
Four of the inmates have parents; both living but separated,
and each married again to other parties.''
The average number of boys in the school during the year,
was 252, which would make the average cost per capita for the
year, $145, or $2.71 per week — 12 cents per week less than the
cost of the previous year.
The cost of subsistence, $34.76 per capita for the year, or 67
cents per week — 8 cents per week in excess of what it was dur-
ing the previous year.
THE RECEIPTS
For the past year were as follows:
On hand at the commencement of the year $8,781 85
Appropriation in 1872 88,460 00
Amount received from counties 6,056 00
Amount received from superintendent 2,167 10
150,454 95
Sxpenditures as above 86,668 70
On hand October 1,31872 fl8,916 25
187
There was also received building fund appropriation $16,000 00
Expenses for building purposes 12,809 59
On hand October 1, 1872 $3,190 41
A COHPABISON.
The following is a comparison betweeen the quantity and
prices of several leading articles purchased in 1871 and 1872:
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1882
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
7,366 lbs... Beef.
9,968 lbs do.
1,361 lbs...
1,118 lbs... Pork
Salt fish.
8, 183 lbs...
4,048 lbs...
526 lbs...
288 lbs...
3,240 lbs...
1,662 lbs...
2,000 lbs...
1,244 gals.
181 gals.
1,052 gals.
167 J lbs..
100 lbs...
87 tons.
36f tons
284 cords.
144 cords.
173 cords.
321J cd's.
1,823 bus.
1,928 bus.
Butter,
.do...
Coffeee.
..do....
I coflfee A., I brown..
mite
Brown
Syrup.
. .do...
..do...
Tea.
. .do.
Coal at Milwauke.
..do do
Wood, delivered
. . do not delivered . . .
..do.... oak and soft.. ..
. .do maple and hick.
t
21
21
22
24f
IBA
12
lOf
64A
78
51i
$1 16
8 63
9 30
5 10
3 19
2 77
Wheat, includ'g grind
ing and delivery
Wheat
1 28}
1 26
$199 32
216 15
131 83
542 09
1,096 54
456 47
478 56
1,748 09
$698 22
746 95
132 76
99 40
678 27
854 95
117 38
69 04
413 83
415 47
797 98
673 92
194 93
110 70
319 50
313 75
1,552 01
2,226 66
2,842 66
2,430 61
188
THS CITBREirr EXPENSES
Of the institution as given in the report of the trustees for the
year 1872, were as follows:
For amasements and means of instruction $1 ,235 05
Clothing 8, 266 35
Medical services, drugs, medicens 214 65
Farm expenses 333 06
Fuel 2.571 40
House furnishing 1 ,245 06
Live stock 600 00
Lights (exclusive of fixtures) 125 45
Postage, insurance, freight, livery, telegrams, etc., 556 OS
Manufacturing expenses 1, 864 29
Miscellaneous purposes 639 52
Repairs 1,694^
Permanent improvements 1 ,644 54
Subsistencef. 8,759 68
Salaries and wages - 10,819 04
Farm implements 81 28
Managers 288 30
Total $86,538 71
189
The following is a statement of the
FARM PBODUCrrS
Consumed for subsistence by the Industrial School for Boys,
from October 1, 1871, to October 1, 1872.
Articles.
Pork
Beef.
Winter Squash
Chicken
Wheat
Potatoes
Beans
Beets
Onions
Carrots
Turnips
Parsnips
Salsify
Green Peas
Green Beans
Green sweet corn ears
Cucumbers
Gooseberries
Strawberries
Raspberries
Currants
Apples
Cabbages
^^■::::::::::::::::
Veal
Qaantlty.
.doz.
.gals
6,500
1,500
3,000
100
267
260
24
75
8
20
85
10
15
100
20
50
10
1
4
8
10
6
850
150
3,672
650
Price.
$4 40
50
^^
15
50
75
85
75
40
80
60
00
50
40
85
75
4
4
1
00
00
75
50
4
10
Amoant.
1286 00
112 50
45 00
8 00
307 05
180 00
42 00
26 25
6 00
8 00
10 60
6 00
15 00
50 00
8 00
17 50
7 50
200
16 00
82 00
17 50
8 00
14 00
18 75
868 20
48 75
$1,604 50
190
The following is a
LIST OF THE OPPICKKS
And employes of the Industrial School for Boys, with statement
of the time they were employed and the amount of salary and
wages paid to each one:
Names.
A. D. Hendrickson. .
Mrs.O.D.Hend'k8on .
Miss M.L.Uend^kson.
Cyrus Alsdorf
J. H. Goodearle. . . .
Wm.H. Bleep
J. W. Babcock
liina Clark
Geo. F. Anderson . . .
Esther Campion
Miss M. L. Header . .
H. W.Cole
At B. X OQU
Anna Williams
Jennie Williams . . .
Anna Jones
Anna Jones
Mary Palz
Barah Morton
Mr8.R. F. Farrington.
Mrs. A.McNaughton.
Mrs. Kate Partridge .
Mrs. M. A. Towsley.
Mrs. Julia Sperry .. .
Mrs. Elinor Jones. . .
Mrs. Ellen Godfrey..
Julia Hurd
MuT Williams
B. F. Farrington
J. M. Shearer
B. B. Monroe
Jacob Eorn, Jr
Robert Eensie '.
J.B.Day
H. E. Anderson
George Coombs
J. H. Whitcher
John Enieht
Richard F. Jones —
A. J. Cole
Ellis Purple
Occapation.
Superintendent
Matron
Clerk and librarian
Ov'r m'h de't& bandleader.
. . . do . . . do store kee'r..
OutBide overseer
Prin. teacher & ov*r No. 1 .
Int. teach'r Ist and 2d dp'ts.
. . . .do . . do do
.. do
Prin. t'ch»r 2d d't, and K.C.
. ...do...lstd't,&o*rNo.3.
. . . .do. . .Ist .. .do
Care Ko. 1 and seamstress.
, . . .do do. . . .
Cook
Cook
Care No. 2 and seamstress.
. . . .do do. . . .
Care No. 3 do... .
Care No. 4 do. . . .
> . . . UO ....a. ..«■. vLKJ ....
Care No. 5 and prin. s*m's.
Care No. 6 and seamstress.
Laundress
GenU work and seamstress.
Cook and baker
Ov'r No. 2 and cane seater.
Ov'er No. 4 and carpenter.
O'vr No. 6 and shoemaker.
0*vr No. 5 and gardener. .
Tailor and picket duty
Cane seater
. .. .do
Farmer
Teamster
... do
....do
General work
do
Time emplojed
1 year
...do...
...do ...
7 mos.
8} mos.
1 year,
. . .do ...
6| mos.
5Amos.
4 month
1 year
8 mos.
4 mos.
3| weeks
18^ weeks
28 weeks
24 weeks
28 w^eks
49| weeks
2^ weeks
1 year..
29 f weeks
8 weeks
1 year.
....do...
... do ...
. . . .do .. .
....do ...
. . . .do .. .
5 mos.
1 year.
. ...do . .
do . .
8 mos.
1 month
1 year,
i year.
1} mos.
6 mos.
2( mos.
8 days
Amount.
«1,850 00
400 00
300 00
495 83
239 90
490 00
600 00
162 50
210 94
10 00
260 00
291 66
133 33
10 60
65 50
96 90
81 10
112 00
148 50
7 50
156 00
89 15
24 00
182 00
166 00
195 00
150 50
240 00
480 00
192 44
500 00
400 00
400 00
119 99
40 00
400 00
172 00
61 10
180 00
77 76
9 00
191
liiat of Employes — Salaries and Wages — continued.
Names.
Roger Jones
SamE. Orvis
Isaac Hadfield
N. Weitcn
Q«o. M. Booher
"Wm. Thompson. . . .
Orin McDougal
Henry Good water..
George Watson
Albert Hastings. . . .
0. A. Hendrickson .
Benj. Howard
John Vreeland
J. C. Barnes
Ohas. Wardrobe. . . .
C. Jeutsch
Occupation.
Care live stock and farmer
Night watch
do
Willow worker
Teamster
... do
...do
...do
... do
Broom maker
Labor
Labor, sinking well
Carpenter
Painter
Mason work
do
Of this amount, there is classified as
" Permanent improvements"
Repairs ordinary
Leaving, as per annual report
Time
Employed.
1 year. . .
853 nights.
14 nights.
1 year...
6}fmonths
5 months
5^ months
\\ months
2^ months
4| months
63} days .
Amonnt.
1360 00
440 00
17 60
582 50
72 07
24 08
26 66
18 76
81 25
160 10
48 70
8 50
518 06
89 50
43 55
27 00
112,160 21
1,881 17
no, 819 04
THE MAKAGEBS ESTIMATE
that it will require three thousand and five hundred dollars per
month for cusrent expenses for the ensuing year.
For thirteen months, from January 1, 1873, to February 1, 1874,
the period for which the legislative visiting committeeh^ve
decided to introduce appropriation bills, will amount to $45,500 00
Deduct amount due from counties 8,500 00
Which will leave .$37,000 00
To be provided for by appropriation, and we recommend that
an appropriation be made accordingly.
The managers ask for
AK APPBOPBIATIOK
• I •
Of forty thousand dollars for the purpose of enlarging the
main building, and erecting two more family buildings.
192
The institution is now crowded to overflowing, and we are
satisfied that every inch of the room asked for will be needed
as soon as the buildings can be completed. We have carefully
examined into the situation and wants of the institution, and
we are convinced that it is very much crippled in its operations
and its power for good greatly lessened by reason of the lack of
room, and we are strongly in favor of providing the necessary
means to furnish the enlarged accommodations asked for, at the
earliest moment the finances of the state will permit. We fully
endorse the necessity of what is asked for, and trust the Legis-
lature will make as liberal provision for building as the situa-
tion of the treasury will warrant, whicn we trust will be enough
at least to erect one new building, and enlarge the main build-
ing, say $24,000, which with the balance now on hand belong-
ing to the building fund will make $27,190.
The Industrial School for Boys has been visited by one or
more representatives of the Board six times during the past
year, and each subsequent visit has served to impress us more
and more with the importance and usefulness of the institution.
The small number of persons
IN CONFINEMENT FOR CRIMES
In Wisconsin, is often the subject of remark, not only in our
own State, but in other parts of the country.
The average number of prisoners in the State Prison during the past
year, was but 201
The average number in the county jails, exclusive of the insane, was 106
The average aumber in the Milwaukee House of Correction was 68
875
Making a total of 375, in a population of at least twelve
hundred thousand.
Various reasons have been assigned for^the fact that the num-
ber is so small in comparison with the number in confinement in
the most of the other States of the Union, but we are inclined
to think that one of the most important of the influences in the
production of the result alluded to is that of the Industrial
193
School for Boys. Since its organization it has had eight hundred
and eighty-eight inmates, two hundred and seventy-eight of
whom were in the school at the close of the last fiscal year, leav-
ing some six hundred who have gone forth from the institutions.
Under the infiuence of the training of the school, a large num-
ber have gone out reformed, and with habits and inclinations
that will aid them in becoming useful members of society.
It is impossible to tell how many of these boys would have
grown up in idleness and crime until they found a home in the
county jail or the state prison, had it not been for the influence
of this institution; but it is by no means a violent presumption
to presume that such would have been the fate of a large num-
ber of them.
It is a matter of regret that there are in the community so
many boys that need the restraints of an institution of this kind;
but here they are, and there is a future before them, and that
is, either to be brought under the influence of this institution
and trained in a way that large numbers will become useful
citizens, or, left without its influence and grow up in idleness
and crime until they become subjects for the state prison.
Tne Industrial School for Boys is, to a great extent, shutting
off the supply of inmates for the state prison, and the true
policy of the state is to enlarge its borders until it has capacity
for all in the state who are proper subjects of its restraints. The
boys can be trained here while they are young, and a large
number of them prepared for usefulness as good citizens, or
they can be left until they graduate in crime, and then the state
can provide for them behind her prison walls. Can there be a
question as to which is the wisest course to pursue?
We desire to bear our testimony to the faithful and devoted
manner in which Mr. Hendrickson, the superintendent, is dis-
charging his laborious and responsible duties. We know of no
position in the state more trying to a man's physical and mental
energies than that occupied by Mr. Hendrickson. He has charge
of a prison, and yet it is not a prison — the inmates are all pri-
soners, and yet there are no high walls, no cells, no locks and
keys to confine them. They are held by constant unwearied
18— C. & R. (Doc.18.)
194
watchfulness. The mind is on a continuous strain. There is no
rest or relaxation except when the great household are quiet in
slumber, nor hardly any even then, so heavy is the burden upon
the mind of the superintendent.
We have but one complaint to make againt Mr. Hendrickson,
and that is, that he works too hard — he performs too much
physical and mental labor, — he will wear himself out before his
work is accomplished.
"We would urge upon the Managers of the school the import-
ance of providing Mr. Hendrickson with such assistance as will
relieve him from a very considerable portion of his physical and
mental labor, believing that in so doing they will be subserving
the best interests of the institution.
v.— SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOME.
The number of children in the home October 1, 1871, was ^1*
Number admitted to March 1, 1872 22 . • • •
Number admitted from March 1 to October 1, 1872 33 . . •
50
Number discharged to March 1, 1872 19 • • • •
N^umber discharged from March 1 to October 1, 1872 35 . •••
— 54
Number belonging to the home September 30, 1872 J}?
The amount expended last year was as follows:
By W. P. Towers, from October 1, 1871, to March 1, 1872. . . $16,166 20
By R. W. Burton, from March 1, 1872, to October 1, 1872.. . . 14,501 W
By R W. Burton for purchases made by W. P. Towers pre- ^^ ^
vious to March 1, 1872 ^'^15
For trustees' expenses ^ ^
For stationery and postage stamps for home, purchased by ^^ ^
H.Harnden 25 W
$31,797 40
For expense of Mary Barrett at Normal School, Platteville. . 200 00
$81,997 jW
.Spdcial appropriation for children in Normal School 1,200 00
$83,197^
195
A DETAILED STATEMENT OP THE BXFENDITUBES,
Of the Home for the seven months, from March Ist to Oct. Ist,
1872, under the superintendency of R. W. Burton, will be found
in the published report of the institution made to the Governor:
The following is a detailed statement of the expenditures for
the five months from Oct. 1st, 1371, to March 1st, 1872, under
the superintendency of Mr. Towers:
Abtxclbs.
AMUSEMENT AlfTD MEAK8 OF INSTBTTCTIOIT.
Castinett
Tamborine
Photographs
Periodicals
Harper
Journal
Music
School registers
School books and slates
Ink
Drawing books .
Copybooks
Slate Pencils . . .
Piano and cover
Lead pencils. ...
Tuning piano...
Bookbmding . . .
CLOTHIITG.
Girls* clothing. . .
Boys' clothing. . .
Making clothmg.
Caps and gloves .
Boots and shoes .
Bbuos and Medicinbs.
HOUSE FUBKISHING.
Crockery and batter jars
KiTCHBK Utensils—
Tin ware
Bath brick
Scrub brushes
FUBNITURE —
Two spring beds
Mattrass
Bepairing furniture
Quantity.
1.
1.
5.
20.
1.
2.
9
4
20doz...
10 boxes.
2doz,
Price.
$0 15
60
4doz,
Amount.
(0 75
80
75
8 05
4 00
20 00
70
2 25
208 78
8 25
1 40
27 00
2 18
358 75
1 00
6 00
8 50
1644 06
1665 89
287 25
80 50
6 80
844 75
$1 ,874 69
$78 25
151 55
78 07
2 00
16 00
18 00
12 50
15 80
tl87 42
196
Detailed Statement — continued.
Articles.
MIBCELIiAlTBOnB.
Bam and stable expenses including feed
and repairs on harness
Dentistry
Furnace and pipes, etc
Indigo
Insurance
Postage and box rent
Printing
Stationery
Sewing machine and supplies
Unclassified expenses
Writing
E. Blakesley, to Washington
E. Devoe, to New York
F. Blakesley, to Milwaukee
W. and A. omalle, to Leavenworth
L. and L. Fauster, to Portage city
Supt to Milwaukee
Qnatity.
Price.
Amount.
2 lbs.
BEPAIBS.
Carpenter work
Painting
Plumbing
Blacksmith
Lumber ,
Hardware .
Unclassified items
Wood
Hauling
Sawing
Freight
Coal
Watching wood,
FUEL.
479
2 75
46A%
Gas
Candles.
Oil
LIGHT.
MANUFACTUnmO.
Leather
Pegs, nails, etc
89K
4 gallons
$80 75
80 00
234 13
3 25
175 00
40 95
44 00
7 00
79 81
192 38
118 75
30 50
20 00
3 65
10 00
2 00
9 32
10,000 OO
154 49
1 25
86 33
13 40
411 84
65 52
24 75
1707 58
11,317 250
143 70
43 00
718 50
510 78
6 00
$2.789 18
438 30
15 80
9 80
$463 95
225 18
33 90
$259 08
197
Detailed Statement — continued.
ArticleB.
8UBBIBTENCE.
Bread
Butter
Cake and crackers.
Cheese
Coffee
Cider
Eges
Fish, cod
Fish, halihut.
Fish, fresh....
Flour and Meal,
Flour
Flour, buckwheat
Corn meal
Fruit,
Apples
Currants
Grapes
Peaches
Prunes
Dried apples
Cocoanut . . .
Freight.
On groceries not specified
Milk
Meats.
Beef, fresh
Ham
Pork, salt.
Sausage...
Lard;
Oysters . . .
PauUry.
Chickens
Turkeys .
Sundries.
Baking Powder
Cassia
Quantity.
87,164 pounds.
l,787f pounds.
891 pounds.
161|pounds.
50 pounds.
84igallons .
112 dozen...
462 pounds.
SS^pounds.
4,488 pounds.
50 pounds.
1,678 pounds.
6 pounds.
78 poimds.
2 baskets.
98 pounds.
1 pound..
17,758 quarts.
7,676|pounds.
69|pounds .
919 pounds.
66 pounds.
296 pounds.
86 cans . . .
68 pounds,
268 pounds.
60 pounds.
4}poundfi.
Price.
8Jic
2a>ic
Amount.
II
,161 86
206 50
171 95
28 66
11 26
6 90
20 85
87 42
6 45
50
1155 88
1 88
80 19
1178 50
75
6 08
2 50
61 08
9 77
50
$668 08
17 11
118 85
16 20
28 18
47 55
111 68
22 82
180 50
8 56
Total.
11,786 85
186 95
259 18
17 44
990 98
890 51
88 95
198
Detailed Statement — continued.
Article.
Subsistence — continued.
Sundries— QontmMed.
Candy . .
Keeler
Nuts
Pickles .
Pop-corn
Soda
Tallow..
Ice
Salt
Vinegar.
Rice
Sugar. . .
Tea
Vegetablee.
Beans
Cabbage
Miscellaneous
Potatoes
Onions
Squash
Tomatoes
Turnips
Total subsistence
Qoantlty.
Price.
1 barrel .
Ipeck . .
6 pounds.
89 ^pounds
48igallons.
891 pouncs.
1,688 pounds.
41 pounds.
llfbushels
67 heads . .
190}bushels
85 bushels
528 pounds.
71ibushels
15c
85c
Amovnt
H95
65
7 50
12 00
25
75
6 27
80 00
6 65
7 88
86 54
198 49
84 85
$17 62
2 68
56 88
92 25
17 50
528
46 89
21 45
Total.
1430 79
260 06
»4,806 15
199
Detailed Statement--^ continued.
SALARIES Ain> WAGES,
Naxib.
W, p. Towers
Mary Towers.
Mrs. Green.. .
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
8S Crandall
ss Hamden
ss Mclntyre
ss HuDtington . . . .
ss Terry
ss Morean
ss Martin
Anna Wilson
Miss Crane
Miss Doyle
Mrs. Paterson
Miss Ward
Miss Buckley
Maggie Hogan.
Mary WHligan. . . .
Maggie Curtiss
Mary Oleson
Lena Oleson
Mary Hogaa
Mrs. Dolant
Mary Riley
Carrie Hanson
John Walters
Peter Anderson
Thos. Swan son
Mrs. Straus
A J. Ward
Jacob Esser
Mai'ia Lee
Maggie Howard
Mary E. Bevitt
Mrs. Doylan
Bridget Pendergrass.
Stephenson
Mrs. Hall
OCCUPATION.
Superintendent . . .
Matron
Housekeeper
Teacher
do
do
do
do
Tailoress
do
Dressmaker
do
Seamstress
Nurse
Dormitory
Kitchen
do
do
Washer
. . ■ . .uo. • • • « . .
do
Ironer
Chamber
do
Engineer
Carpenter
Watch
Tailoress
Physician
Shoemaker
Washer
Chamber
Teacher
Laundry
Ironer
Laborer
Dressmaker
Ttme
Employed.
5 months .
5 months .
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
8 months.
5 months.
4 J months.
5 months.
5 months.
5} months.
6 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
2 months.
2 months.
5^ months.
4 months .
2 months.
5 months.
5 months.
5 months.
4 months.
5 months.
Rate per
Month.
8 months.
3 months .
3 weeks..
3 days . . .
1 month .
4} months.
$100
381
22^
80
30
80
80
80
16
10
16
16
16
16
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
40
35
m
12
12
16
Amonni.
1500 00
166 65
110 00
150 00
150 00
150 00
150 00
150 00
80 00
48 00
80 00
68 00
80 00
80 00
68 00
60 00
60 00
60 00
60 00
60 00
24 00
24 00
89 00
48 00
24 00
200 00
175 00
170 00
58 00
166 65
315 00
86 00
86 00
18 00
1 50
12 00
21 60
76 00
|8»765 40
200
The following is
A COMPABISOK
Between the quantity and price of some of the leading arti-
cles purchased in 1871 and 1872:
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
8,962f lbs.
8,35U lbs.
1,147 doz
1,481 doz
40,862 qts. .
40,012 qts. .
17, 101 Albs..
18,704 lbs..
2,255i lbs..
2,146 lbs..
583} lbs..
626 lbs.
Bread, cakes, cra'ks, flour,meal,
do
Butter
..do.,
E^s.
. .do. .
Milk.
..do.
Beef.
..do.
jiSalt Pork
...do
Poultry.
. . . .do. .
Fish and oysters
do..
1871 5,703 lbs..
1872 4,665 lbs..
1871
lo72
Vejjetables.
do
Su^ar
..do.
Fruit.
..do.
12
Hi
5}
5i
10
10
15
10
10
11
+
+
+
+
+
+
12 +
11 +
$3,703 67
3,105 28
17 + 708 11
13.5+ ! 535 25
141 70
186 75
2,287 22
2,257 92
1,710 14
1,867 18
343 24
224 48
62 72
69 18
142 02
141 79
722 52
399 38
707 05
535 51
575 l;^
449 74
THE AMOUNT EXPENDED
For current expenses during the past year was $31, 797 40
For subsistence 10.549 10
The average number of children in the home during the year
was 208, and the average number subsisted in the house, includ-
ing officers and employes, was 234.
The cost per capita for current expenses for the children was
$152.87 per year, or $2.94 per week; the cost per capita on the
whole number in the house, $135.88 per year or $2.61 per week.
201
The cost per capita for subsistence for the children was $50.71
per year, or 97 cents per week, and on the whole number sub-
sisted in the house, $45.08 per year, or 88 cents per week.
The amount of money at the control of the Home at the close
of the fiscal year available for current expenses, was as follows:
In the hands of the Superintendent $799 09
In the hands of the Treasurer 2, 088 47
In the state treasury, of last year's appropriation, undrawn. . 16,000 00
$17,887 56
The trustees ask for
AN APPROPRIATION
Of twenty thousand dollars for the current expenses of the
next year, and we would recommend an appropriation accord-
ingly, believing that this amount, with the amount on hand at
the close of the fiscal year, as stated above, will be sufficient to
pay the current expenses of the Home until February 1, 1874.
The trustees also ask for an appropriation of two thousand
dollars for the purpose of painting the buildings. Satisfied of
the need of having this done, we would recommend the appro-
priation asked for.
This institution
HAS BEEN VISITED
Several times during the past year, by different members of
the Board, and nothing was seen to raise a question as to the
competency and fidelity of the superintendent and matron.
It is no secret that there has been discord among the trustees
and that the influence of this state of things has been felt at
the Home, interfering more or less with the harmony of its
internal working.
Charges have been made in the public prints and elsewhere,
reflecting upon the official conduct of the superintendent and
trustees, and in fact upon all in any way connected with the
management of the institution.
As this whole matter is to be investigated by a joint commit-
202
tee of the legislature, we do not deem it necessary to make any
further allusion to it, but patiently to abide the result of the
investigation.
The question is sometimes asked why these charges have not
been nvestigated by this Board; the answer is that they have no
power to make such an investigation as the nature of the charges
required.
We have no power to compel the attendance of witnesses; no
power to examine them under oath, and no power to incur any
expense in conducting such an investigation. And still further
in the event, they had been fully empowered to make the inves-
tigation, we doubt whether it would have been wise to have un-
dertaken it just on the eve of the meeting of the legislature, the
body who would ultimately have to pass upon the matter.
In our report of last year we devoted considerable space to the
discussion of matters connected with the Home, and the soldiers'
Orphans' generally.;
We would respectfully refer the legislature to the views
there presented, as found upon page 282, and on pages 291 to
304 inclusive, of the report referred to. The observation and
experiences of another year have fully confirmed us in the views
then expressed.
Some of the views of the Board then presented received the
endorsement of the legialature in the third section of chapter
149 of the general laws of 1872, which is as follows:
" Section 3. It shall be the duty of said board of trustees to
ascertain the condition and circumstances of all the children
who now are or may hereafter become inmates of the home, with
a view, if deemed necessary, for the best interests of such chil-
dren or any number of them, 'of providing them with suitable
places, where they may be provided with the advantages of a
good home, and taught some trade or occupation, the better to
fit them for the duties of life; and said board shall keep and ex-
ercise a close supervision over the interests of any and every
child during its minority, who may by virtue of this act be
bound out, to the end that the terms of the compact may be
203
faithfully carried oat and the interests of the ohild properly
cared for; and said board is hereby authorized to institute
inquiries, visit the child, or in any way by them deemed
proper, ascertain that this is done; and in case of neglect or
unjust treatment, they may remove any child and institute or
cause to be instituted, such legal j^oceedings as may be neces-
sary to recover damages, secure relief for any ill treatment re-
ceived by any such child so bound out, against the person in
whose charge such child has been placed."
The trusteesin their last report, in speaking of this law, say:
" The board, by resolution, empowered and directed its secre-
tary. Col. C. K. Pier, to take all necessary steps to carry out the
objects of the law. His proceedings, under such authority, are
detailed in his report to the board, hereto annexed, and to which
your attention is called. He expects, by the next meeting, to
have completed the greater part of these duties, aud which, by
reason of limited time, he was unable to do at the date of this
report."
We give the following extract from the
BEPOBT OF COL. PIEB,
Of his action, under the authority of the board, in carrying
out the provisions of the law referred to:
^ There were, at the time of the passage of said act, 231, or-
phans at the ^ Home,' and there have since been admitted 31,
making a total of 262. Of these 141 are boys and 121 girb.
Their ages may be classed as follows:
^' Under five years, one. Over five and under seven, five.
Over seven and under ten, forty. Over ten and under fourteeOi
one hundred and seventy. Over fourteen years, thirty-nine*
Unknown ages, seven.
^^ As soon as practicable, after being authorized, I addressed
to the parent or guardiaa of each child a letter, setting forth in
brief the maiq features and objects of the law^ my position
204
under the resolution of the board, and askinfr for all informa-
tion within their knowledge pertinent to the purposes and end
sought. Each letter was accompanied by a uniform set of in-
terrogatories, the answers to which would give the facts desired,
or indicate the channel through which they might be obtained;
and with every letter was enclosed a properly addressed, stamped
envelope for reply. This led to a correspondence of more or
less magnitude with mothers and guardians, with relatives and
friends of the orphans, aud with various county judges through-
out the state.
" Very much of this has not yet been brought to a close. I
have opened a record where, under each orphan^« name is noted
such facts appertaining to him or her as are from time to time
developed by my investigations, with reference to source of in-
formation.
" All material correspondence is carefully numbered, filed and
preserved. For a detailed statement of each individual case,
the facts elicited and progress made therein, I respectfully refer
the board to that record.
" You will notice, among other things, that of the 262 orphans,
184 have mothers living, and 78 have neither father or mother.
Fifty-eight mothers have re-married since their children entered
the Home. Twelve have removed from the state. Of the 262
orphans, I find 61 (and there are doubtless more) who have
guardians regularly appoined by the probate judges of their
respective counties. Of these guardians, 39 are drawing pen-
tions for their wards. Seventy-three of the mothers are drawing
the two dollars additional pension for each child, while 29 have
as yet received no pension certificate.
*^ In several instances no application has been made to the
government, and in others the claims are still pending. There
seems to be a general desire expressed, as well by county judges
as others, to xequire guardians to insure the faithful perform-
ance of their trusts by sufficient bonds, and when requested, tbe
former have ordered guardians to file additional bonds. Asa
fUle, the latter have not been prompt in making their reports to
county judges. This to a certain extent has been remedied. I
206
expect to have the record completed by the time of your semi-
annual meeting in April. For many reasons it has been im-
practicable to do so foi the present session.''
We rejoice at what has been done in this direction, and trust
that the trustees will continue the good work they have under-
taken, until the situation of the orphans is thoroughly understood
and their rights and interests fully secured and guarded.
In our previous report we called special attention to the great
IMPORTANCE OF BEGULAB EMPLOYMENT
For the children, that they might be trained in habits of indus-
try, and thus prepared for the stern duties of life that must con-
front them on leaving the Home. We are pleased to notice the
efforts which have been made during the past year in harmony
with our suggestiohs.
In the report of the superintendnt, he says:
" The older boys have cheerfully cultivated a garden of five or
six acres this season, and all have reaped the wholesome reward
of industry in the matter of fresh vegetables for the childrens'
table." In another part of his report he says: " How shall we
employ the boys? is a question that is constantly forced upon
us. In our attempt to answer it, we increased the force of boys
in the shoe shop to eight. The cultivation of the garden,
already referred to, has been of great service in this respect.
We have also encouraged the boys to work for farmers in the
vicinity, and, in several cases, have secured places for them.
Many of these spent their entire vacation at work, and have
earned, in the aggregate, $150. In matters of repairs and im-
provements, we have endeavored to employ the boys wherever
they could be of any service. Notwithstanding this, we urge
the necessity of providing means for more tangible employment.
To employ the girls is a matter of less difficulty. In the several
departments of the * Home ' there is a great variety of house-
work for ready and willing hands. Besides this, needlework
occupies the girls much of the time.
206
" The division of labor among the boys is approximately shown
by the following:
Nmnber employed in shoe shop 8
garden 6
stable 2
playroom 3
oiBce 1
library 2
children's kitchen 3
family kitchen 1
dormitory 3
as monitors 6
wood carriers 10
with engineer 1
carpenter 2
47
**' All participate in general work* The boys have carried and
piled 440 cords of wood, and split and stored in woodshed one-
fourth of that amount.
^^ The division of work in girls^ department is as follows:
** Number employed in sewing room 2
dormitories 11
children's dining room 12
family dining room 2
family kitchen 8
school house 9
play room 2
library 2
wash room 1
ironing room 2
private rooms 9
55
^^ All that are able share the general house cleaning.
'' Our gardening enterprise, in consequence of drouth, has not
succeeded as well as we had hoped ; yet the value of the pro-
ducts, at a very low estimate, will more than cover expenses.
In a disciplinary sense, it has been a profitable affair. In the
matter of garden, much more can be done another year.
" The following figures show the amount of work done in
shoe shop since March 1st.
Number of pairs of shoes manufactured 164
Number of pairs of shoe uppers fitted 40
Number of pairs of half soles 862
Number of pairs of shoes patched 240
207
" A low estimated value of the work done in the shop is $650.
•* We now have to buy very little ready-made work.With
additional shop room, we could quite meet the demands without
increasing our pay roll?"
If the '^ Home" was to be a permanent institution there could
not be a question as to the duty of providing means for the
regular and systematic employment of all the children, especially
of the older ones, but as it seems to be admitted on all hands,
that in a few years at most, the necessity for its existence will
have passed away, we cannot hope for very much to be accom-
plished in this direction.
The great questions to which public attention as well as the
attention of the trustees is now called, are as to the time when,
and the manner in which the ^^ Home" shall be closed.
The trustees, in their report, say:
" It is now over seven years since the war closed. It is reason
able to presume the great majority of soldiers' orphans in the
state, who desire to do so, have already been admitted to the
benefits of the Home, and that in the future, comparatively few
applications will be made. In a few years, at the most, so far
as the Home is concerned, the state will have completed its
noble charity towards its precious wards."
The former President of the Board, in a separate report, in
which he expresses some opinions of his own not endorsed by
the other trustees, advocates the adoption of measures looking
to a more speedy closing of the institution. We have carefully
examined this report, and are satisfied there are some things in
it worthy of the careful consideration of the legislature. We
think his criticisms on the location of the " Home" are, in the
main, sound. The difficulties resulting from the want of more
ample grounds have been felt from the. first, and, as time has
passed on, they have become more and more evident, and that
great evils have resulted from the lack of regular and systematic
employment of the children in past years, no one at all conver-
sant with the history of the institution and of those who have
gone forth from its shelter, can for one moment doubt.
208
It is further remarked: ^' Furthermore, all experience has
eihown that it is better for their morals to educate children in
families, than to bring together large numbers of both sexes
under one roof." No reference, we judge, is had here to the
assembling together of large numbers of children simply to re-
ceive instruction in a day school, but to their residence in a pub-
lic institution, and in this view we have no doubt he is correct.
It is still further remarked: *' But after all, no public institution,
however costly it may be, or well located, or managed, can com-
pare with the home where mother is. We believe the state can-
not now do any better for these, its wards, than to provide them,
as speedily as possible, with homes in families where they can
be well cared for, and taught such occupations and habits of in-
dustry as will enable them to earn their own bread, by and by."
The third section of the law of last winter to which we have
already alluded, and under the provisions of which the secre-
tary of the trustees has been actively working during the past
year, provides as follows:
" It shall be the duty of said board of trustees to ascertain
the condition and circumstances of all the chilren who now are
or may hereafter become inmates of the home, with a view, if
deemed necessary for the best interests of such children or any
number of them, of providing them with suitable places, where
they may be provided with the advantages of a good home, and
taught some trade or occupation the better to fit them for the
duties of life," and the section goes to provide for the proper
supervision of the interests of the children thus provided with
homes, during their entire minority.
It would thus appear that provision is already made by law,
for the accomplishment of the very object proposed in the re-
port, and the only question for consideration would seem to be,
how rapidly and to what extent shall these " homes " be pro-
vided? In reply to these questions, we would say;
AS BAPIDLT AS THE BIGHT KIND OF HOMIBS CAN BB PBOCUBBD.
If all in the institution can be provided with such homes in a
single year, where their condition for the present and prospects
209
for the future will be improved, let it be done even though it
involves the closing of the institution at the end of that period;
and if, on the other hand, it should require five or even ten
years to accomplish the result, let the institution remain until
the best interests of the children can be subserved.
We notice from an examination of the report of Mr. Burton,
the superintendent, that since the first of March last, he has
succeeded in providing homes for eight of the children.
In speaking of his action in this direction, Mr. Burton says:
" Believing family influence to be the most potent for the proper
development of the child, we earnestly recommend that greater
e£P6rts be made to secure suitable homes for children, particu-
larly those who are soon to leave us unattended by natural pro-
tectors, and in many cases devoid of friends that are able to
care for them. Such efforts we believe will greatly enhance the
welfare of the children, and thereby more completely secure
the object of your earnest endeavors."
We rejoice that the gentleman in charge of the institution
entertains such sound and practical ideas.
Near the conclusion of the paper a plan is presented for dis
posing of a portion of the children in these words:
" Let the legislature appropriate a sum of money, say, fifty
dollars per child, to be paid annually to all mothers having
children now in the Home, who choose to take their children
home and provide for tbem, an exception to be made in the cases
of such mothers as are manifestly unsuited to have charge of
their children. Where the child has no mother living, or, if
living, is unfit, or does not choose to take her children, then let
some relative have the opportunity to receive the orphan into
his family, with the same aid which would have been given to
the mother."
«
We find that
SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAKB PLAN
Here presented was embraced in " Senate Bill No. 97," in-
troduced in the Senate of 1872 by Senator Williams of Rock
14— C.&R (Doc.18.)
210
county, on the 15th day of February of that year. We quote
four sections of the bill referred to:
'^ Sbotion 15. It shall be the duty of said trustees, as far as
possible, to visit the mothers of the children who are now or
who shall hereafter be inmates of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home;
and where they shall be satisfied that the mother is a suitable
person to have the charge of the child, and that with the aid of
the state she will be able to provide for the wants and comfort
of the child, and secure for it a common school education, they
shall be authorized to arrange with the mothers to receive and
provide for her child or children, and to contract to pay her, on
behalf the state, a sum not less than $25 nor more than $100 per
year for each child thus placed in her charge, for a period to be
agreed upon not to extend beynd the time the child shall arrive
at the age of fifteen.
'' Section 16. In the case of children who have no mothers
living, or where the mothers, if living, are not suitable persons
to have the charge of their children, the said trustees shall en-
deavor to find a place with relatives of the children, if they have
such who are suitable persons, and if not, with other suitable
persons, and they shall be authorized to make contracts with
such persons similar in their provisions to those authorized in
the next preceding section, to be made with the mothers of the
children.
" Section 17. In all cases where contracts are made for the
payment of money to mothers or others for the care of soldiers
orphans, the money shall be payable to the parties to whom it
may be due, on the order of the said trustees, drawn on the
treasurer of the Home, from the money annually appropriated
for the Soldiers' Orphans' Home. Such payments shall be made
quarterly, on the first Monday of January, April, July bM
October.
" Section 18. The said board of trustees shall include in
their annual reports to the governor, a full statement of all their
action under the provisions of this act."
We are informed that a plan very similar to the one we &i^
211
now considering was laid before the Illinois legislature last win-
ter, by a committee of that body.
THB NORMAL CONDITION OF A CHILD
Is in the family and the mother, especially while the child is
^ quite young, is the natural and appropriate guardian, protector
' and instructor. To what extent the mothers of the soldiers'
' orphans' now in the Home, are the proper persons to have the
care of their children, we have no means of knowing.
We are aware that some of the mothers of these children, by
reason of their characters, situation and surroundings are not
the proper persons with whom to entrust their children, but we
can hardly think that this can be the case to any very consider-
' able extent.
Where the oaly difficulty in the way, is their poverty, would
it not be for the best interest of the child to place it in the
1 charge of its mother, and allow her a sufficient sum to provide
for its wants, even if the amount should equal the cost of the
support of the child in the Home? Our impression, however,
is, that the amount which would be needed, would not exceed
) two-thirds, if it did one-half of the present cost of the support
of the children.
Admitting the obligation of the state as we do, to provide for
the real wants of these orphan children and to place them in
circumstances where they can provide for themselves when they
arrive at a suitable age, we would look at this question solely
from the standpoint of the best good for the children. If, to
keep them in the " Home " until they reach the age of 14 or 15,
or even older, m the best thing the state can do for them, then
we say, by all means let them remain there; but if, on the other
hand, it can be made to appear that it would be better for the
children to be placed, in some instances, in the care of their
mothers, with reasonable pecuniary assistance from the state,
and in other instances, to be *^ provided with the advantages of
a good home, and taught some trade or occupation, the better
to fit them for the duties of life,'' then let this be adopted as the
policy to be pursued, and the children be disposed of in thts
212
way as rapidly as the right kind of places can be found for them.
We do not advocate this measure on the ground of economy
to the state; it should be decided on higher grounds — ^the best
good of the children — ^but if the highest good of the children
can be secured at a less cost than is involved in the present sys-
tem, this certainly presehts no argument why the change should
not be made.
It may be objected, that when all are provided for, that can
be, in the ways suggested, that there will, without doubt, still
be quite a number remaining in the Home; and that the expense
of keeping up the institution with a small number will be almost
as large as with the present number. In reply, we would say,
that whatever force there may be in this objection, it will apply
with equal power when the Home is finally to be closed; an
event which all admit m,«t occur within a few years. We
would, however, suggest, still further, that when the number of
children in the Home is reduced, say to one hundred or less, it
will be an easy matter for the state to contract with some
of the
PBBMANEirr OBPHAN ASYLUMS
Now in existence in Milwaukee and Racine, to take charge
of those remaining. We rejoice to be able to say that the Mil-
waukee Orphan Asylum, the St. Rosa's and St. Joseph's Orphan
Asylums, and the St. Amelianus' Orphan Asylum, at Milwaukee,
and the Taylor Orphan Asylum at Racine, are institutions where
the state would be perfectly safe in placing such of the soldiera'
.oq>hans as they wished to provide for in this way.
These institutions are admirably managed, and we have no
hesitation in saying that the children would be as well taken
care of and made as comfortable in them as where they now
are, and at no greater cost. These institutions are not only wil-
ling, but anxious, to open their doors to these children when-
ever the state shall desire them to do so. Proposals to this ef-
fective already been received from some of them.
There is nothing in which the people of the state feel a deeper
interest than in the welfare of the soldiers' orphans, and the sug-
'gestions we have made are respectfully, but earnestly commended
o the consideration of the legislature.
213
VI.— STATE PRISON.
THE NUHBSB OF OONTICT0 IN THE PRISON
On the 80th of September, 1871, was 191
Number received during the year 95
Making a total 286
The number discharged during the year 100
Leaving in the Prison, September 80th, 1872 186
The daily average number during the year was 200}
THE BBCEIFTS OF THE PBISON
During the year were as follows:
Balance from 1871 |150 90
From state treasurer 58,998 47
United States for board of convicts 1,60128
Chair and cabinet shop 40,670 81
Shoe shop 406 25
Tailor shop 144 15
Blacksmith shop 148 27
Stoneshop 2,571 00
Yard 199 49
Visitors 480 75
Outstanding accounts of 1869 92 75
1870 82420
1871 5,889 55
Interest 17 18
Convicts on deposit 276 50
Prom loan 1 , 700 00
Sundries 286 12
«118,446 17
214
THS DISBUBSEMENTS
As presented in the report of the Commissioner, were as fol-
lows:
CUBRENT EXPE«NSB8.
Subsistence 112,637 88
Hardware, stoves, kitchen and cell- room utensils and furni-
ture 452 57
Tobacco 250 74
Lights 890 29
Wood 8,885 79
Clothing and tailor's shop stock 2,803 25
Merchandise, bedding, etc 295 60
Newspapers, printing, etc 867 55
Hospital stores 148 04
Postage and telegraphing 238 99
Revenue stamps 28 05
Traveling expenses 118 60
Mileage 894 25
Forage 824 78
Sundries 61 60
Machinery and tools 2,098 55
Stock, blacksmith shop 466 20
Stock, shoe shop 265 50
Stock, chair shop 26,082 44
Teaming for stone shop 9 86
Building account 10 , 904 38
Indebtedness for 1871 24,528 69
Loan 1,700 00
Interest 964 54
Discharged convicts 475 00
Convicts* deposit 805 28
Officers services ^ 28,45305
Arresting escaped convicts 112 00
Exchange 16 05
Lawyer's collection fee 25 00
Burial lot 100 00
Cash on hand 6820
1118,446 17
The expenses of the year maybe classified as follows:
Current expenses, including salaries of officers — |50,226 47
Stock and machinery for the various shops 45, 809 90
Indebtedness of 1871 25,80408
Building account 18 , 106 04
Loan 1,700 00
Interest 964 54
Convicts on deposits 805 28
Burial lot 100 00
1187,016 21
215
The following table will show
THB ENTIBE BXPENSB8 OF THE PRISON
During the past year, the amount paid in cash, the amount
settled by sales, and the amount still unpaid:
Total Amoant
10
Subsistence
Hardware, stoves, kitch-
en and cell room uten
sils, etc ,
Tobacco
Lights
Wood ,
Clothing and stock
tailor's shop
Merchandise
Newspapers, printing,etc
Hospital stores
Postage and telegrams . .
Revenue stamps
Traveling expenses
Commissioner's credits,
mileage, etc
Teaming
Libaary
Forage
Sundries
Machinery, tools, etc. . . .
Stock in blacksmith shop
Stock in stone shop
Stock in shoe shop
Stock in chair and cabi-
net shop
Buildine account
Indebtedness of 1871 —
Loan
Interest
Discharged convicts....
Convicts on deposits. . . .
Exchange
Attorney's fee
Burial lot
Officers' services
Arresting escaped con-
victs
118,556 H7
687 17
726 73
406 47
8,666 79
8,247 94
900 36
870 76
182 28
288 99
23 05
118 60
894 26
600 00
284 45
1,051 09
61 60
2,709 82
610 45
260 00
965 68
40. 788 95
18,106 04
25,804 08
1,700 00
964 64
476 00
806 28
16 05
25 00
100 00
28,468 05
112 00
1187, 016 21
Paid CBSh.
112,687 88
462 67
260 74
890 29
8,886 79
2,808 25
295 60
867 55
143 04
288 99
28 05
118 60
894 25
Settled by
Salee.
824 78
61 60
2,098 55
466 20
9 86
266 50
96,082 44
10,904 88
24, 528 69
1,700 00
964 64
475 00
806 28
16 05
26 00
100 00
28,468 05
112 00
$118,877 97
1168 19
22 50
111 04
477 61
6 52
500 00
114 82
116 60
240 U
9 60
440 64
287 48
474 28
Balance
Unpaid.
1765 80
112 10
474 98
59 96
59 96
467 06
698 23
8 20
89 24
234 65
111 49
494 77
144 26
680 68
14,260 97
1,964 28
806 11
12,904 62
$20,788 72
216
The following table will show
THB COST OF BUB8ISTENCB
During the past year, with quantity and price of each article
used:
Beef
Butter
Beans
Beets
Chickens
Cabbages
Cranberries
Eggs
Flour
..do
..do
. .do. .graham, etc..
Ginger
Groceries (miscePs)
Hops
Indigo
Mutton
Mustard
Matches
Onions
Potatoes
Pork
Pork
Peas, split
Pepper
Rice
Rice...
Syrup
Salt
Sugar
Soap
Starch
Teas
Turnips
Vinegar
Teast cake
Board, sick convicts
in hospital
Freight
Cartages and pkgs.
Sundries
98,960 lbs.
5,050 lbs.
lllj bu.
4 bu.
1931 Ihs.
208 ....
2 qts
10 doz.
440 bis.
44 bis.
91 bis.
1,902 lbs
44 lbs.
191) lbs.
1 lb
829 lbs.
2 lbs
30 bxs.
21 bu.
1,311 bu.
182 lbs.
16 bis.
706 lbs.
103 lbs.
37 lbs.
1,167 lbs.
801 gis.
22 bis.
22 lbs.
58 lbs.
4U lbs.
179 lbs.
10 bu.
380} gls.
10| dz
139w.3d.
16 60 to 17 00
14 to 20
1 00 to 2 25
85
09
15
5 73
5 72
4 72
86}.
25 to
05.;
50
18,849 80
251 68
429 52
42 32
2 00
16,698 29
917 65
200 43
1 40
17 41
10 40
20
1 50
8,072 82
16 06
44 71
55 23
2 00
16 45
1 30
10 75
21 00
624 72
16 34
248 00
28 24
26 20
444
110 72
480 44
58 85
258
4 35
6 63
136 85
5 00
61 06
12 80
278 86
340 94
18 62
4 80
108,556 87
The items of indigo, matches, soap and starch, amounting in
the aggregate to $22.73, are not properly chargeable to subsist-
ence.
217
We present below
▲ COMPABISON
Between the quantity and cost of a few of the leading articles
in 1871 and 1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
1871
1872
97,775 lbs.
118,960 lbs.
l^Vbbls
Beef.
...do.
Pork.
84^bbls ... .do
16 bbls
182 lbs.
Pork.
...do
5,457
5,050
190
409
11,699
440
44
91
1,902
925
643
1,2341
1
n
lbs.
lbs.
bbls
bbls
lbs.
bbls
bbls
bbls
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
Butter
. . .do.
Flour
. . .do
Meal,G*m,*c.
$7 20 @ 7 50
6 60 to 7 50
26 40.
18 00.
15 50.
9.
1371 45
615 06
19...
14 to
20
lbs.
lb.,
lbs.
8 eds.
81 cds.
718t cds.
304^rCds.
406 cds.
cds.
cds.
102}
109}
Flour
. . . .do
. . . do
Meal, G'm, ac
Pluf tobacco.
Snuflf....!!.!
Plug tobacco.
Snuff....!!.!
Maple wood
Oak wood . .
Mixed wood.
Maple wood
Oak wood . .
Bass wood..
Mixed wood..
4 48.
4 72.
5 78.
5 72.
4 72.
65....
62}...
52 to 62}
1 00.
5 00..
4 00..
8 02}.
4 85to5 00
3 92
2 63
3 82
1248 00
16 34
851 20
1,930 48
194 37
$2,349 30
251 68
429 52
42 32
1601 24
402 02
8 88
1715 97
50
9 25
115 00
324 00
2, 174 46
$1,328 17
0, 594 14
270 41
864 07
Lights^.
. . . .do. .
Officers' services.
. . . .do
Stock for chair and cabinet shop
. . . .do.
Stock for blacksmith shop.
. . . .do.
$7,261 19
6,698 29
986 51
264 84
1,041 00
917 55
2,976 06
3,072 82
.•.•....a.
1,012 14
725 72
2,518 46
3,656 79
269 62
406 47
23, 720 10
23,453 06
24,824 96
40,788 96
1,027 66
610 46
218
Comparison — contiimed.
1871 ■ Stock foi shoe shop.
1872 i do
1838 18
955 08
1871 ' Stock for tailor shop i »11 96
1873 ! Clothing and stock for tailor shop I 3,247 M
The following tabl^ will show the
AYSSAGK PRI80H POPUULTlOir,
The amount paid for sabsistence, for officers' services, entire
amount for current expenses, and the amount of cost per capita
for subsistence, for officers' services, and for current expenses
for the past seven years:
18v6
1807
1868
1869
•1870
1871
1872
At.
Popn-
Ution
128
194
208
186
189
202
201
I
Cmrmt 6X-
136. 813 29
40.675 76
50.589 45
46.341 26
41 ,954 86
53,500 72
50,226 47
Officers*
Tioet
$15,535 06
15,060 91
17,970 84
17.994 18
13,998 48
23,720 15
28,458 06
Sabsifltence.
18,266 18
13,636 14
18,242 04
14,769 69
11,127 20
15,805 92
13,534 14
I
Pbt c^ta Per Gai»iu:Per cap
for current, for offlc's.forsvb-
ezpeoMC.' Berricea. 'siatiioe
I
1287 60
209 66
249 20
249 14
282 52
264 85
249 88
I
$121 36
77 62
88 52
96 74
94 25
117 43
116 68
$64 57
70 28
89 86
i9 40
74 92
78 24
67 33
* These fignres are for the nfne months, fiom Janoftry 1 to October, 1870, bat the per
capita is flfued for the entire year.
219
The following table will show
THS AKOUNT OF PBBSONAL PBOPSSTY
In and about the Prison, Sept. 30th^ 1871 and Sept. 30th, 1872.
Stock in chair and cabinet shop
Shoe shop
Tailor shop
Blacksmith shop
Stono shop
Tools, machiney, etc., in chair & cabinet shop.
Shoe shop
Tailor shop
Blacksmith shop
Stone shop
Soap house
Bam and yard
Miscellaneous merchandize
Proyisions and forage
Wood
Live stock
Furniture, etc., in various departments
Outstanding accounts
Sept. 80, 1871.
Sept. 80,1978.
181,981 11
696 27
r
(44,844 16
767 48
986 61
247 80
2,409 19
184 25
2,667 40
88,868 84
57 12
1,707 15
84,551 59
85 89
189 90
168 80
898 61
898 61
868 55
495 40
29 25
81 90
1,071 60
480 21
1,481 51
598 18
816 58
458 80
1,902 00
1,190 00
6,500 00
10,066 90
1,195 00
1,258 00
7,000 00
6,214 06
192,858 28
1108,828 96
Showing an increase in the value of this kind of property in
1872, of 111,470 73, over the value in 1871.
220
The following table will show
A OOMPABISON OF THB BUSINESS
Of the different shops during the year 1871 and 1872.
CABINST AND CHAIB SHOPS.
Beceived from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding accounts for work sold
Work done for prison
Stock and work finished and unfinished on hand
Stock ordered Oct 1, 1870 and Oct 1 1871 ....
Paid for stock
Paid for stock in work
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings, ( with machinery running 8 months
in 1871
115,689 81
2,281 09
7,867 84
1,161 17
31,981 11
168,270 02
118,646 97
11,718 01
781 74
11, 876 20
20,899 08
168,270 02
1879.
140,670 31
1,487 89
8,144 88
1,254 26
44,844 16
$91,400 49
$81,981 11
26,082 44
440 64
14,260 97
18,688 48
191,400 49
TAILOR SHOP.
Beceived from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Work made for prison
Outstanding account for work sold.
Stock and work on hand
Stock on hand Oct 1, 1870, and Oct 1, 1871. . .
Paid for s toe k
Indebtedness for stock
Paid for stock in work
Earnings
1871
$138 99
67 86
8,869 86
986 61
$6,042 81
$1,842 88
766 62
166 44
2,788 62
$6,042 81
1879
$144 16
36 85
8,764 78
60
2,400 19
$6,846 47
$986 61
2,305 26
467 08
477 61
2,108 02
$6,845 47
221
Comparison qf JBiisiness — continued.
BHOB SHOP.
Beceived from sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outstanding account for work sold .
Work made for prison
Stock and finished work on liand . . .
Stock and work on hand October 1, 1870, and
October 1, 1871
Paid for stock
Indebtedness for stock
Paid for stock in work
Earnings
1405 00
165 62
88 59
1,909 85
696 27
$8,300 83
1,692 42
$8,300 83
1S7»,
$406 25
85 18
15 67
1,126 71
767 48
$2,851 19
$675 74
265 50
680 68
9 50
719 78
$2,851 19
BLACKSMITH SHOP.
Received for sales
Indebtedness settled by sales
Outside account for work sold
Work done for prison
Stock on hand
Stock on hand October 1, 1870 and October 1,
1871, ■ ••
Paid for stock
Indebtedness for stock
Earnings
1871,
$171 11
9 09
5 80
2, 729 60
247 80
$8,162 90
$186 16
482 95
544 60
1,999 19
$8,162 90
1S79.
$148 27
13 85
1 90
1,563 77
184 25
$1,907 04
$247 80
466 20
144 25
1,048 79
$1,907 04
%i2
CompariBon qf ^tM^ne9«— -continued.
STONE SHOP.
Received from sales
Outstanding accounts for work done
Indebtedness settled by sales
Work for prison other than building
Paid for teaming
Set led for teaming by sales
Making and repairing tools
Earnings
1871.
$907 81
367 45
11,275 26
»1,275 26
$1,275 26
1879.
$2,571 00
624 65
12 98
17 00
8,225 68
$9 86
478 85
2,502 28
$8,225 63
The following table will show the amount paid during the
past year for
OFFICSBS' SSBYICES.
Comm^'ssioner .
iDeputy warden
Physician
Chaplain
UBher
Chaplain, Catholic
do due last year.
Clerk
Master mechanic.
Master painter...
do
do
Mechanic and keeper
do
do
Turnkey.
. . .do. . . .
Yard master
Mechanic and keeper stone shop
do do
Mechanic and keeper cabinet shop. .
do do
Keeper paint shop,
do
do
Keeper saw room
turning room
blacksmith shop.
shoe shop
kitchen
gate
2 office guards,
2 cell-room j^iards.
4 wall guar(
Matron.
rds.
866 days .
867
87
26
258
859 days
24^ days
108>| days
6
860
851
8
858
866
866
866
866
866
866
782
782
l,878i^
52^
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
180 days .
286 days .
56 days .
29 days .
281 days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
days .
weeks
18 00
550 00
450 00
$200 00
125 00
18 00
2 00
2 50
8 00
2 60
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 50
2 00
2 25
2 50
2
2
2
2
00
00
00
00
2 00
2
2
00
00
2 00
2 00
8 50
$1,200 00
1,098 00
400 00
1,000 00
825 00
1,200 00
1,271 00
998 00
897 50
820 00
912 00
877 50
911 00
'850 '66
879 76
782 00
782 00
782 00
782 00
782 00
782 00
1,464 00
1,464 00
2,746 50
446 80
¥28,458 05
234
The following is a statement of the
PBODUCTS OF THJB PRISON QABDSN AND FAKM IX>T
for the year ending September 30, 1872.
125 bash..
80 bush..
25 bush..
800 head. .
75
42
47
54
728 bush.!
2,580 tt>s...
218 days..
10 days. .
80 ......
50
Potatoes
Turnips
Green com
Cabbage
Squashes
Hogs killed, weight 18,255 fi>
Hogs on hand
Pigs on hand
Seeds
Ck)m for hogs
Ground feed for hogs
Labor
Labor for team
Hogs on hand Oct 1, 1871.
Pigs do
JSalance
fO 50
50
5
5
7 75
15 00
200
II 00
8 00
20 00
8 00
162 50
15 00
15 00
15 00
8 75
1,027 26
705 00
108 00
17 50
801 55
29 20
218 00
30 00
600 00
150 00
620 026
11,951 51
$1 ,951 51
" NoTS.—The PriBon lot contains aboat twelve aeree oatside the walla, the most of
which ia occopled aa paatare for hogs.
225
The following table oontains
YABIOtrS COMPARISONS
Between the prisoners received in 1870, 1871 and 1872, and
since the organization of the prison:
»
Since
organi-
sation.
1870
100
88
58
8
1
1871
95
21
70
8
1
1872
Whole number received
1,718
95
CONGUOAL KEIaATIONS.
Married
88
Sinele
54
Widowers
6
Widow
1
Divorced
1
98
2
68
82
25
67
8
89
9
1
1
94
1
65
80
84
84
27
91
1
2
1
SBX-
Males
1,620
98
90
Females
5
NATIVITY.
Native bom
928
795
68
Foreiflrn bom
42
HABITS.
Temperate
88
Moderate
89
Intemperate
23
COLOR.
White
1,661
46
5
6
91
Black
1
Mulatto
1
Indian
2
AGES.
Under 12
8
840
758
867
156
74
18
7
Prom 12 to 20
19
44
28
2
2
8
2
26
87
18
11
8
15
20 to 80
46
19
40 to 50
10
50 to 60
8
60 to 70
70 to 80
• • «
2
15— C. & R
(Doc.18.)
226
Variotcs Comparisons — continued.
EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS.
Read and write —
English
Norwegian
Qerman
Danish
Qerman and Norwegian
English and Norwegian
Swedish
French
English and Ckrman
English, Gkrman and French
Bohemian
Read but not write
Neither read or write
I S V
BELIOIOUS IKBTRUCTION.
Methodist
Catholic
Lutheran
Baptist
Congregational ist .
Presbyterian
Episcopal
None
Universalist
Mormon
Swedenborgian* • • •
Adventist
Christian
Free Will Baptisi..
Jew
United Brethren. . .
CRIMES TOR WHICH COHMITTED.
Assault with intent to kill
Assault with intent to maim
Assault with intent to rape
Assault with intent to steal
Accessory before the fact — rape.
Aiding prisoners to escape
Adultery
Arson
Altering and forging United States treasury notes . . .
Burglary
Burglary with larceny
Burglary with arms
Breaking church ...
Bigamy
Since
Org.
187018711873
70
2
82
10
1
1
11
58
8
220
15
5
1
8
78
4
8
1
1
2
1
1
8
11
27
25
14
10
8
7
4
8
1
1
8
1
2
17
1
61
2
9
2
1
1
2
1
11
5
29
27
12
8
1
8
6
2
1
19
8
59
3
12
6
1
1
7
6
27
23
13
3
2
8
4
6
1
1
3
1
2
1
8
2
1
I
1
3
■ • <
6
4
1
1 ...
227
t
VartotM Compariaona — continued.
CRIMES FOR WHICH COMMITTED.
Burning ha^ stack ,
Counterfeitinjg ,
Claiming ana opening letters
Concealing and disposing of stolen horse
Desertion
Embezzlement
Forgery
Fraud
Grand larceny
Hors^ stealing ,
Illegal voting
Incest
Keeping house of ill-fame
Larceny ,
Murder, different degrees
Manslaughter, first degree
Manslaughter, second degree
Manslaughter, third degree
Manslaughter, fourth degree ,
Mayhem
Obtaining goods or money under false pretences.
Passing counterfeit money
Passing forged order
Poisoning well
Placing obstructions on railroad track
Perjury
Polygamy
Prison breaking ,
Rape.
Receiving stolen goods,
Robbery
Seduction ,
Sodomy
TERMS OF SENTENCE.
During life
Twenty years
Fifteen years
Fourteen years
Thirteen yeas
Twelve years
Eleven years
Ten years and six months. .
Ten years
Nine years and six months.
Nine years
Eight years
Seven years and five days. . .
Seven years
Six years and six months. . .
Six years
Since
Org.
1
49
8
1
20
80
1
1
10
21
888
72
15
16
27
10
2
13
1
1
4
6
14
5
29
5
5
2
4
71
1
2
2
4
14
1
1
88
1
2
11
1
26
1
9
1870
1871
1872
1
i
5
46
5
1
5
2
5
1
5
I • I
1
8
i
7
88
8
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
8
• • • •
1
2
1
1
8
7
"i'
4
87
2
1
1
i
4
4
1
i
1
2
1
2
i
2
228
Yariaus Comparisons— coniinvLed.
TERMS OF sEKTEifCK— continued.
Five years and six months
Five years
Fo\ir years and six months
Four years
Three years and six months
Three years and one day ,
Three years
Two years and eleven months
Two years, six months and ten days. . . . .
Two years and six months
Two years and four months
Two years and three months
Two years and ten days
Two years and five days
Two years and three days
Two years and one day
Two years
One year and eleven months
One year, ten months and ten days
One year, ten months and five days
One year and ten months
One year and nine months
One year and eight months
One year, six months and ^ve days
One year and six months
One year and five months
One year and four months
One year and three months
One year and two months
One year, one month and seven days
K)ne year and one month
One year and ten days
One year and three d.ays
^ne year and one day
<One year . .
TesL months
Kine months '.
^ght months and one day
Eight months
.•Six iMionths and three days
Six months and one day
:Six months
^A"^** 11870
Org.
67
1
60
4
1
141
1
1
27
1
5
1
8
2
2
374
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
68
2
5
10
1
1
1
6
2
8
572
3
17
2
18
2
2
116
4
1
12
1871
1872
29
23
. • • '
2
11
6
10
2
15
2
1
8
24
1
2
1
1
6
8
1
5
...»
15
1
. • ••
27
4
8
229
m
Much surprise and disappointment is felt that the prison is
not only
KOT SELF-SUSTAINING,
But that the annual appropriations fail to meet the current
and other expenses, and that year after year the legislature is
asked for appropriations to cover deficiencies.
The indebtedness at the close of the last fiscal year, Septem-
ter 30, 1872, was $20,733.72.
Last year the commissioner asked for an appropriation of
$64,589.47 to pay the then existing indebtedness, and to meet
the current expenses of the year; the appropriation made was
but $58,993.47, being $5,596.00 less than the amount asked
for.
If his estimates last year were correctly made it would be
natural to expect a deficiency of that some at the end of the
year.
The estim'ate of the amount needed to complete the buildings
then in progress was $10,000 ; the commissioner's report shows
that $13,106.04 was required for building purposes, which would
make a still further deficiency of $3,106.04. It appears from the
report that a loss of $2,500 was sustained on account of dam-
aged work thrown back upon his hands. The report also shows
an increase in the amount of stock of various kinds on hand,
above the amount on hand at the commencement of the year,
of $11,470.73. These several items will more than make up the
amount of the reported deficiency.
Deficiency in the appropriation of last year f5, 596 00
Increase m cost of builmng above estimates 8 , 106 04
Loss on damaged chairs 2,500 00
Increase in the amount of stock and other personal property
on hand at the close of the year 11 ,470 73
♦22,672 77
Making a total of $1939,05 more than the amount of the in-
debtedness.
230
The wants of the prison for the next year will be
To pay indebtedness 1^,733 72
For current expenses — the same amount as last year 50,326 47
$70,960 19
The commissioner estimates the net earnings of the prison for
next year at 25,000 00
Leaving to be provided for by^appropriation |45 ,960 19
And we would recommend an appropriation accordingly.
We cannot, however, refrain from expressing the hope that at
the close of the present fiscal year, the commissioner will be able
not only to report the prison free from debt, but with a balance
of cash on hand.
The views expressed in our previous report relative to
THB IMPORTANCE OF A CHANGS
In the manner of governing the prison we still entertain, and
are more and more convinced of their soundness, and as the
need of such a change has been endorsed by the Governor in
his recent message to the legislature, by the commissioner in his
last annual report, by the legislative visiting committees of this
year and last, and, in fact, by almost everyone who has given
the matter any attention, we trust the legislature at its present
session will provide by law for the changes needed.
The prison has been twice visited during the past year, and
everything in and about it was found to be in a satisfactory con
dition.
THE TREATMENT OF THE PBISONEBS
Is kind and humane. There is but little occasion to resort to
punishment. The old-time cruel and severe modes of punish-
ment, such as whipping, showering, gagging, thumb-screw, etc.,
are entirely dispensed with. The only punishments employed
are confinement in the dark cell, confinement in their own cells,
sometimes without their beds, a bread and water diet, and a de-
p rivation of some luxury, comfort or privilege.
231
AMONG THE CHIEF WANTS OF THE PRISON, are
First. — Suitable bathing accommodations. There is nothing of
the kind in or around the entire buildings for the use of
officers or prisoners.
Second. — Water closets in the building; there are now none
whatever.
Third. — More hospital room.
Fourth. — Suitable accommodations for the insane.
Fvfth. — A dining room where the prisoners can take their meals
together. A change from the present mode of feeding the
prisoners would be likely to have a good eflfect upon the men,
while it would without doubt, be a great saving of expense in
the end.
Sixth. — ^Better ventilation of the cells and of the room into
which they open.
In our previous report attention was called to the fact that
the commissioner had found it necessary to employ more under
officers or employes, and in some cases to pay higher wages
than prescribed by law. His reasons for the course he has felt
called upon to pursue will be found in the previous report of this
Board, and more fully in his last annual report to the Governor.
While visiting the prison in October last, we made an exami-
nation with special reference to gaining light in relation to this
HATTEB OF EATPLOYBS,
With the following result:
One keeper in the lumber room, where the lumber is received and
cut up for the chair and furniture shops. There are usually .
from six to eight convicts employed in this room.
One keeper in the machinery room, in which from fifteen to
eighteen convicts are employed.
One keeper in another machinery room, in which from fifteen to
twenty convicts are employed.
One overseer who has the charge of the work, and the care of
the machinery in the three rooms referred to above.
One kt^per in two large painting roomsy in which from twentr-
fire to thirty conricts are empIojedL
One oreriter or foreman who attends to the paints and has
charge of the work in the two large painting rooms.
Otu Ke^.j^er in the Cabinet Shop and finishing room, in which
nine convicts are employed.
One Keeper in the TaUor and Shoe shop, in which fo«ir conTicts
are employed. This keepier does the cntdng^ as well as take
charge of the conricts.
One Keeper in tiie Stone Shop and in charge of the out-door
stone cutting, where from eight to fifteen convicts are em-
ployed*
One Keeper in the Blacksmith Shop and wash house, where
eleven convicts are employed*
One Keeper in charge of the Teams, where from six to fifteen
convicts are employed*
One Turnkey^ who has charge of the cell room in the day time,
with six convicts employed in cleaning, mending, etc.
Two Keepers^ on duty at night.
Two Keepers^ who are in the back office, and exchange with the
night keepers, They are at hand to wait on visitors and to
go on errands.
One Keeper^ in charge of the gate.
Four Guards^ on the walls.
One Keeper^ a carpenter, who has charge of the repairs, etc.
"We have described the location and duties of twenty-two
employes, and in looking over the size, and arrangement of the
rooms, grounds, shop etc., and considering the nature of their
duties we could not see, how any one of them could be dispensed
with, and yet as we understand the present law governing the
prison, authority is only given to employ sixteen persons to per-
form the duties now performed by the twenty-two. It requires
no argument to show that this state of things is all wrong and
furnishes an additional reason why the mode of governing the
prison should be changed. The precise number of persons to be
employed in an institution like the state prison, where the num-
ber of inmates, and the necessities of the institution are liable
i
233
to frequent changes, should be left, as it is in all the other state
institutions, to the discretion of the local governing^ power,
they being held responsible for its exercise, and it should also
extend to the fixing of the wages to be paid to all employes. If
this is too large a discretion to entrust to a single individual,
let it be controled, as in other states institutions by a Board of
Inspectors or Directors.
There are a few matters to which we would briefly
CALL ATTENTION.
They are of sufficient importance, we think, to be carefully
considered by the legislature and the people generally.
First. In view of the condition of most of our county
jails, and the fact that none of them have any system of labor,
or any way to employ the time of their inmates, and that the
result of confinement in them is generally to corrupt and de-
moralize, rather than to reform, and of the fact that in the state
prison there is a system of organized labor, that the prison is
free from the great evils that attach to our jails, and that the
influences of the prison are reformatory, we believe the judges
of our courts would be consulting the best good of the state as
well as of. the criminal, if, in most cases where in sen-
sentencing a criminal it is at their option to sentence to the
county jail or to the state prison, they would sentence to the
prison instead of the jail.
The attention of the various judges of the state in respectfully
called to this matter.
Second, We would suggest a change in the law, so that for
the second and all subsequent offences, for all crimes where it
is now optional with the judge to send to the jail or prison, that
the criminal shall be sent to the prison.
Third. We would suggest a change in the law increasing the
length of the confinement after the first offence.
When at the prison in October, the commissioner called our
attention to the case of a man who had then recently left the
prison for the fifth time, the last two sentences having been for
' one year each.
2U
Vn— XOBTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
Hide hj the Legislature for this institTitiofi are as follows:
1870.
For locating and securing site and commencing the boild-
ing flSS.OOOOO
187L
For completing north wins $44,0W) 00
For sewerage, air duct£ ana water 8,000 00
For kitchen, lanndrr and engine house 48,500 00
£or heating, laondzy and cnlinaiy apparatoa. 25 ,500 00
126.000 00
1872.
For central btiilding. ^91,800 00
For lighting, ilxtares and fnmitare 31.500 00
For barns, fences and roada, etc 6,700 00
For purchaae of land 2,000 00
132,000 00
Total appropriations $383,000 00
From the report of the baildiog commissioners, we learn that
OOHTBACrS
have been awarded as follows, viz :
1871.
Feb. 2. For construction of six north wings, Messrs. Rey-
nolds & Fellenz 1146,581 80
Ang. 16. Messrs. Re3molds A Fellenz, kitchen, laundry and
engine house 47, 565 00
Aug. 16. Sewerage and air ducts, Messrs. Reynolds & Fel-
lenz 6,9»3 00
1872.
Hay 7. Central building, Messrs. Fish, Stephens & Co 72, 445 00
May 16. Heating, laundry and culinary apparatus, Messrs.
Jno. Davis & Co., including central building. . . 33, 000 00
Jnn624. Two bams, L. G. Alger 3,300 00
July 3. Bam foundation walls, Messrs. Fish & Stephens. . 400 00
July 26. Gas works, I. H. Walker 6,600 00
Total $316,884 80
235
From the report of the Building Commissioners and the re-
cords of the Secretary of State's office, we find that the
BXPENDITURBS
Have been as follows:
To locating commissioners $2,976 96
For land 10,000 00
surveying 84 50
construction of road, 1871 100 00
For printing and advertising in 1871 $386 25
1872 141 60
rentofofflcein 1871 $25 00
1872 40 00
$527 85
65 00
legal advice, 1871 25 00
fencing, roadway, grass and labor, 1871 471 40
freight on drain pipe, 1872 150 00
1872 11244
To building commissioners as follows :
E. M. Danforth in 1871 $1,517 39
1872 1,028 95
$2,541 84
D. W.Maxon in 1871 $659 12
1872 77127
$1,480 89
A. M. Skeels in 1871 $662 70
1872 888 85
11,501 65
S. V. Shipman, architect, in 1871 $6,518 89
1872 6,044 66
Reynolds & Fellenz, contractors on north
wing in 1871 $87,816 06
1872 58,765 68
Reynolds & Fellenz,^on contract for kitchen,
laundry and engine house in 1871 $7,852 88
1872 80,852 88
$5,478 28
$12 ,563 55
i46,'68i'74
*88,'765*26
"*6,998 '66
John Davis & Co., on contract for heating, ventilating, etc. 27 , 1S2 55
Fish, Stephens & Co., on contract for centre building. . . 47, 080 17
L. G. Alger, on contract for two bams 8,800 00
Fish & Stephens, on contract for barn foundation 400 00
Henry Atlen, on contract for artesian well 787 50
Reynolds & Fellenz, on contract for setting machinery ,etc 8,811 16
A. T. Stewart & Co., for mattrasses 1,985 28
Field, Leiter & Co., dry goods 1,309 67
James Reynolds, laying drain pipe 669 50
Hill & "Williams, drain pipe 881 16
$311,586 87
Reynolds & Fellenz, on contract for sewerage
in 1871 $4,709 84
1872 2,283 66
yy." v,*Vi trr.'-:st of xil »pprr>priA::-.si* mAiie to ;^ Xor.
U*/^ ll'/*;..u* f5>r u:.-*: Iii.*Ai:^ $383.000 01
lis/: Mto^r-: ':i;^t^^i v^ J»aiArr 1*:. 1*75 Sll^SM S7
.413 13
Learin^r a balance: in the state treasury undimvn at that date,
Janoaiy 1^ 1'5T3, of ferentj-one thoosaDd four hnndred andtliir-
teisn dollars and thirteen centa.
To settle with the Tarioos contractors now at work, on the
c/mpletion of their contracts, will be required as follow
K/'j-noIdi A Tf-VAu'^ contract for kitchen, laondrv. and engine
hffti^, ' 1 r. . . . $8.89 74
Ti^h, St/'ph'-n** A C'o/ji conlract for c^:nt«rr building 25.414 83
J. liav'i* it Co/<i contract for heatinz, etc 5,*?07 41
I, ll> Walker, c^^ntract for gaa woakj» 0.600 00
f40,7«8 08
Balance of appropriation for fences and roads, etc $3,000
Appropriation for purcbaase of lands 2,000
— 5,000 00
»5t742 (»
Deducting the amount, $51,742.02, from the amount in the
state treasury on the first day of January, 1873, $71,413.13
will leave a balance of $19,671.11 at the disposal of the trus-
tees, to pay whatever balance may be due on the contract for
the arteflian well, whatever may be due or to become due to
the architect, for the purchase of furniture, and for other legiti-
mate purposes.
The trustees ask for appropriations to complete and finish the
south wing of the hospital.
The present condition of the finances of the state will pre-
clude the possibility of ^uch appropriations being made at the
present time, and even if this difficulty was not in the way^
we doubt whether the necessities of the insane now in the
state demand the immediate completion of these wings. The
facts gathered by this board, during the past year, in relation
to the number and condition of the insane in the state not
now in the hospital, lead us to the conclusion that when the
northern hospital is filled to its full capacity, all, or nearly aU)
237
who really need hospital care and treatment, will be provided
for.
They also ask an appropriation of. $48,000 for current ex-
penses on the supposition that they will have 200 patients to
provide for for one year, estimating the cost at $20 per month
for each one. If the hospital could be opened on the first day
of February, with the whole 200 patients on hand, an appropri-
ation of the amount asked for, would be sufficient to pay expenses
until the first day of February, 1874; but the hospital will not
be in readiness to open at that time, and possibly not for a month
or six weeks later, and when it is opened, it will without doubt,
be several weeks before it will be filled. In view of these con-
siderations we think an appropriation of forty-five thousand dol-
lars will be sufficient to pay current expenses until February 1,
1874, and we would recommend an appropriation accordingly.
An appropriation of eight thousand dollars is also asked for
improvement of grounds, garden and orchard, and for the pur-
chase of farm stock, implements, vehicles, etc. We are of the
opinion that an appropriation of five thousand dollars will answer
all the absolute needs in this direction, in addition to the use
that can be be made of the labor of patients, in clearing and im-
proving the grounds, and in work in the garden and orchard, and
we would recommend an appropriation accordingly.
Should the legislature make the appropriations suggested
above, the means at the control of the hospital from the first
day of January, 1873, until appropriations can be made by the
legislature of 1874, will be as as follows:
For the completion of contracts already let, for the center
building, for heating, etc., and for gas works $46,742 02
The purchase of 20 acres of land 2,000 00
Fences and roads, balance of appropriation of 1872 8,000 00
Balance of appropriations of previous years, available
for completion of artesian well, payment of archi-
tect, purchase of fiuniture, and other legitimate pur-
poses 19,67111
Current expenses to Febauary 1, 1874 45,000 00
Improvement of grounds, garden, orchard, implements,
vehicles, etc 6 , 000 00
$121,418 18
238
This amount we regard as abundantly safficient to complete
the building already under way, to provide everything that is
needed to put the hospital in running order, and to pay current
expenses until February, 1874.
The hospital was visited on the 21st of December, 1872. It
was a very unfavorable time for a close inspection, as the mercu-
ry was some twenty degrees below zero and the buildings were
not heated.
We were, however, very favorably impressed with what we
did see. We should judge that the work was well done, and
that the building commissioners and the architect had been
faithful in the performance of their respective duties, and have
carefully guarded the interests of the State.
We found two excellent, commodious and convenient bams,
that have been erected at an expence of but $3,700, for the two,
including good stone foundations. If all the work has been as
well and economically done as this, there will be no ground for
complaint.
When the entire building is completed, it will be one of the
finest and best appointed buildings of the kind in the country*
Y[.
STATISTICS.
We have met with difficulties in procuring reliable statistics
during the past year, similar to those spoken of in our previous
report.
A statement of these difficulties will be found on pages 29,
30 and 31 of our report of last year, to which we would respect-
fully call attention.
If it is deemed important that full and reliable statistics
should be collected and preserved, it will be necessary that
there should be some legislation, defining what records shall
be kept, who shall keep them, and how often reports shall be
made. Last year there were fifty-four towns from which no re-
ports were received; this year the number is nearly one
hundred.
On page 31 of our last year's report will be found a table
showing the value of poor-house property in the State, as shown
from reports of county clerks and overseers of poor-houses. As
but few changes have been made during the past year, we do
not repeat this table.
On pages 50-51 and 52 of last year's report will be found a
table containing a description of all the coiinty jails in the
State, giving their size, of what material built and the number
and size of the cells.. This table is also omitted in the present
report.
240
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248
The information contained in the foregoing table has been
furnished in response to the following, contained in the cir-
culars sent to the clerks of the various towns of the state:
^^ Please give the names and ages of insane persons in your
town not now in any hospital for the insane; also state whether
they are comfortable and well taken care of, or whether they
ought to be in a hospital for the insane."
By an examination of table No. 1, it will be seen that an ac-
count of 187 insane persons is given. Of this number, it states
that 113 are comfortable, and well taken care of where they are;
of 51, that they ought to be in the hospital for the insane, and
of the remaining 23, no opinion is expressed. If we presume
that 12 of this number ought to be in the hospital, it will make
63 now among their friends who are proper subjects for hospital
treatment. It is not to be presumed that we have reports of the
entire number in the state, as we have not reports from all the
towns, nor are we certain that in all cases where we have re-
ports that the whole number is always given.
The following table. No. 2, will show the number of insane
persons in the poor-houses of the state. Here our informatioa
is definite and reliable. It will be noticed that the number in
the poor-house December 1, 1872, was 228. With the condition of
these persons the board have made themselves familiar by per-
sonal inspection, and they are of the opinion that not over
seventy-five of the number need hospital care and treatment ;
that the remaining 153 are about as well off where they are, as
they would be in the hospital for the insane, while the expense
of keeping them is much less than it would be in the hospital.
There are now in the jails of the state, sixty insane persons.
There is no jail in the state where an insane person can be
properly taken care of.
We are of the opinion that when the seventy-five persons
now in the poor-houses, who are proper subjects for hospital
treatment , are removed to the hospital, that at least ten, if d<>^
more, of those now in the jails can be comfortably accommo-
dated in the poor-houses of the counties where they belong»
249
leaving fifty of those now in the jail to be removed to the
hospital.
The results then, of our investigation, are that:
There are now among their friends who are proper subjects for hos-
pital care and treatment 68
In the county poor-house 75
In the jails in excess of what can be properly provided for in the
poor-house SO
188
Making a total of 188 that ought to be placed in our hospitals
for the insane as speedily as possible, and we are of the opinion
that upon the opening of the Northern Hospital, and the com-
pletion of the center'building, so that the entire north wings can
be used for patients, that the whole number can be provided for,
and that the remaining wings of the two hospitals can be com-
pleted as soon as the fund of the state will warrant, and in
time to prevent any special suffering among this unfortunate
class of our fellow citizens.
250
TABLE II.
Showing number and sex of Insane in the Poor Houses of the
/State in the years 1870, 1871 and the number December 1,
1872, with the number in close confinement at that date.
1870.
1871.
1879,
Decembirl.
1
if
5
m
1
1
1
4
10
8
4
8
4
4
6
2
•
7
&
... .
11
11
8
4
3
8
4
8
2
1
25
2
2
8
2
•
1
1
15
21
16
8
6
7
8
14
4
1
85
3
4
5
8
1
•
.S
&
• • • •
•
1
1
•
9
3
•
-a
1
1
•
1
8
Brown
• • • •
Clark
Columbia.
"Dane .............
• • ■ •
2
5
11
8
6
6
4
6
4
18
6
8
5
6
8
4
11
2
15
11
19
8
12
9
8
17
6
8
9
9
2
5
6
3
7
6
14
7
12
6
6
8
8
11
2
17
16
21
8
11
9
J
8
• • • •
7
Dod^e
7
Fond du Lac
Grant
3
1
Green
8
Iowa
8
Jefferson
La'Fayette
11
« • . •
Tlif ftrfttn nn
I • • .
Milwaukee
Monroe
10
1
2
2
6
• . • •
• • • •
• • « •
2
1
1
5
2
• • •
9
8
8
1
2
2
2
5
13
4
8
8
10
8
1
22
4
9
4
. • » •
Ozaukee
1
2
4
2
8
8
8
5
7
1
Kacine
1
Bock
• . • •
St. Croix
• • • •
Vernon. ...........
"l
13
1
11
8
1
22
8
15
6
• • •
Walworth
12
8
4
2
8
8
20
8
12
5
9
2
4
8
78
1
Washington
Waukesna
. • • •
2
Winnebago
. • • •
■
89
108
197
95
1
168
79
101
180
42
No report of the number in the Milwaukee county poor
house has been received during the year. At the time this
poor house was visited by the board. July 3d, 1872, the number
of insane persons in the house was 48; nineteen males and
twenty-nine females. If these are added to the above it would
make the number of insane in the poor houses of the state,
December 1, 1872, 228. The number in close confinement at
that time was 42.
251
TABLE III.
SHOWTNa namea^ residence and age qf Deaf and Dumb per-
sona in the state under 25 years qf age^ as r^orted by the
clerks qf the different totons.
Adams
Buffalo
Clark
Calamet
Columbia . . . .
Crawford....
Dodge
Dane
Door
Dimn
Ban Claire....
Fond da Lac .
Big Flats
New Chester .
Lincoln
Loyal
Mentor
Brothertown ..
New Holstein
Harrison
Newport
Columbus
Eastman
Hustisford....
Herman
Lebanon
Portland
Theresa
Williamstown
Dunkirk
Fitchburg
Vermont . . . .
Gardner
Union '. .
Eau Galla . . . .
Sheridan . . . .
Spring Brook.
Union
Byron
Forest
Marshfleld....
Osceola
Addo Whipple
Albert Girth
Not given
Son of Wm. Poppy . . . .
Harris
Charles Scott
Liesack
Michael Lemuel
H. C. Haraldson
C. R. Haroldson
Ingra U. Haroldson . . .
AbelHardige
M. Maxwell, (girl
Emiel Heite
Agnet Zeahr
N.Peters
Maria Schwarz
Boy
Peter Asentearen
G. Noellner
Frank Allen
John Haight
Helena Stemd
Helena Davaeryegers . .
Edward Jankaid
Hoyt,(rirl)
Hoyt. . .do
Mary L. Turner
Girl
Boy
Lomergan
Miller
Mary Flatz
O. dommons
5
8
Not given
8 to 13
10
15
Not ffiven
9
8
5
18
Not given
6
7
7
12
10
9
5
6
24
10
10
9
16
12
20
10
8
11
6
Not given
Not given
252
TaBLB III. — Deaf and Dumb — continued.
Grant
Iowa
Jefferson
Juneau
Kewaunee. . .
Manitowoc . .
Marathon . . .
Marquette . . .
Monroe
Outagamie ..
Ozaukee
Pepin
Portage
Beetown
Platteville
Wyalusing
Wingville
Hickory Grove . . .
Highland
Concord
Palmyra
Kildare
Ahnepee
Franklin
Montpelier
Carlton
Eaton
Maple Grove
Cooperstown
Manitowoc Rapids
Two Rivers
Marathon
Stettin
Harris
Wilton
Appleton
Grafton
Port Washington .
Waterville
Linwood
Pine Grove
Sharon
Stevens Point
Margaret Cliff
Wilhemina Jamsen . . .
Mary C. Johnson
George Heng
Samuel J. Taylor
Not given
Chas. Winters
Girl
Child
Catharine Griflftn
Robert PranzelJ
Annie Nemitz .'
John Nunmer
Cath. Paspissil
Sevar Olesen
Siss Olesen
Child
Child
Not given
Not given
Mary Comic
Mathias Barger
Jos. Carl
Jos. Urbain
Frank Reisdarfer
John Harmung
Ronald Schilling
Wm..Hall
David Kipke
Fred. German
Ferris (boy)
MissO^Conner
Geo. Mendel
Mrs. Mendel
Gustow Zaabs
Emil Thomas
Ellen V. Sylvester
Israel Catura
Frederick Coleman . . .
Emma Crandall
Frank Goodness
Mary Zimmer
19
6
not given
not ffiven
not given
15
9
not given
not given
13
13
•8
not given
23
20
3
5
not given
not given
not given
10
7
10
9
7
5
31
not given
not given
8
not given
not given
not given
15
6
10
11
4
not given
not given
not given
253
Tablb III. — Deaf and Dumb — continued.
Pierce
Racine
Richland
Rock. . . .
Bt. Croix
Sank
Sheboygan . . .
Vernon,
Walworth . . .
Winnebago ..
Waushara.
Shawano
Trempealeau .
Salem . . .
Trimbelle
Caledonia
Norway . ,
Buena Vista
Magnolia.
Newark .
Emerald .
Baraboo. <
Troy
Westfleld
Sherman
Holland .
Lesser,
Sumner . . .
Ettrick
Clinton,
Coon ..
Forest.
Genoa
Washington . .
Franklin .
Hamburg
Hartford . .
Jackson . . .
West Bend
Lyons
Bloomfield
Nekimi
Mount Morris
Sterling Mead
Belle Bailey . .
Kate Bailev . .
Hiram Bailey.
Haas (boy).
Name not given
12
0
6
8
7
.16
Mary Mead
Lydia Williams.
PatPadden
Not given
12
6
Wm. A. Qalkins
Fischer
Arthur Hurlbut.
Emma Bates.
Ida Hachuhe
A. Eivresse. .
Handrick Heeligrensen ,
Ole Christohnson
John Christohnson. . . .
Astrid Dagson
Askeld Dagson
Samuel Hook
Grist (girl)
Oleson (boy). .
Cinthia Williams . .
Bernard Veglahn .
Bertha Veglalin
Pidcock (boy) ,
Martha Johnson . .
Wrens (girl)
Mary Jane Louis
.... AUhouse . . .
... Allhouse . . .
Ralph Ridnell
George Miller
Eugene Caldwell
Miss Waldrujff . .
Miss Henze
Charles W. Larson
Not given
Not given
14
5
Not given
20
20
11
20
18
14
20
6
13
15
8
8
6
Not given
4
11
11
15
Not given
Not given
10
254
Tablb m. — Deoff and Dunth — oontiniied.
CVymrnr.
Wood.
Waukesba.
Grand Rapids
Merton . . .
Brookfield
Waupaca. Bear Creek
j Dayton ....
Francis Buns
August Spereander
Willie Cook
Levi Cook
Ella Cook
Fred Cook
Name not given
Geo. R Hoiard
13
6
8
15
11
255
TABLE IV.
Showing Names^ Residence^ Sex and Age of Blind Pereons
under 25 years qf age^ as reported by the Clerks qf the dif-
ferent Towns:
Brown
Calumet
Columbia
Dodge
Dane
Door
Dunn
Fond du Lac..
Iowa
Jackson
Juneau
Eenoaha
Kewaunee
Marquette . . . .
Monroe
Ozaukee
Belleyue ...
Howard ....
Rantoul . . .
Scott
Dekora
Asliippun...
Elba.
Hustisford .
Dane
Primrose . . .
Rutland ....
Verona
Gardner ....
Sherman
Empire ....
Osceola
Moscow....
Melrose
Fountain...
Necedah . . .
New Lisbon
Plymouth...
Randall
Franklin...
Douglas....
Portland....
Sparta
Freedom....
Sophia Marsell
Name not given
OlidofWirtz
Miss Ricker
John White
Annie Larson
Miss Pomeroy
Blemp
Boy
Lars O. Nelson
Spear
Charles Flick
Ida Flick
Anton Conart
William Tuttle
Lyons (boy)
Larie Kentlage
Rosa Grim
Engebrel Knudtson ....
H. L. Buckland
W. Stickney
James Hanehan
A. Wilson
Oleson (boy)
Coral (boy)
Mathias Tironce
Clary
John Sturdeyyant
Lindina Sturdeyyant. . .
Charles Beach
Julia Patch
22
Not given
Not ffiyen
28
Not ffiyen
Not given
14
7
5
21
8
8
7
18
18
8
10
Not given
Not given
Not given
6
18
12
18
10
18
2S6
Table IV — Blind Persons under 25 years qf Age — continued.
COUHTT.
Town.
Name.
Age.
Pepin
Bichland
Waterville
Mary Shumbosky
Willis Button
Cora Cook
Bueben Bapo
12
Willow
23
Bock
Maenolia
7
Sauk
Delton
21
Sliawano
Belle Plaine
Bichfleld
Lena Harffs
18
Washington.. .
John Drechman
Elizabeth Diester
Frauk Harman
Not sriven
Not given
Not given
Not given
Under 20
Walworth
Waukesha. . . .
Tia Fayette
New Berlin
Lincoln
Wood
AnTnie Bauftch .........
23
867
TABLE V.
Showing number^ residence^ age and sex of Idiots under 25
years of age^ as reported hy the clerks of the different towns.
-J-T-
Cooimr.
Adams ..
Buffalo. .
Brown. .
Calumet. <
Columbia
Crawford
Dodgo
Dane.
Male
Male
Male
Female
Male
not given
Male...
Female,
Male...
Male...
Male...
Female.
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Male
Male "• ,
Female
Female
Female
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
not given
not given....
Male
Female
Female
17— C. & R.
Female
Female
not given
not given
Male
not given. . . .
not given. . . .| not given.
(Doc.18 .)
Age.
21
not given.
7
2%
not given.
11
15
not given,
not given,
notffiven.
10
18
12
15
4
6
20
8
12
10
10
28
6
B
18
10
not given,
not given.
fo
6
16
21
15
la
7
14
12
258
Table V. — Idiots under 25 years — continued.
County.
Door
Eau Claire
Fond da Lac
Green
Green
Green Lake .
Grant
Iowa
Jackson ....
Jackson ....
Juneau
Town.
Egg Harbor
Union
Washington
Sevastapol
.Otter Creek
Byron
Calumet
Eldorado
Marshfield
Metomen
Cadiz
Decatur
Monroe
Monroe village ..
Seneca
Ellenboro
Fennimore
Hickory Grove . . .
Hazel Green
Potosi
Platville
Woodman
Highland
Linden
Mineral Point City
Pulaski
Manchester
Springfield
Kildare
Lemonweir
Seven Mile Creek
Sex.
Female .
Male
Male
Male
Female ....
not given . . .
Male
Female
Male
Male
Male * . .
Male
not given . . .
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
not given . . .
not given . . .
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
not given . . .
Female
not given . . .
Female
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Male
Female
Female
Male
Female
Age.
13
7
24
6
20
7
15
not given
not given
not f^iven
16
17
15
15
10
21
not given
not given
not given
not given
not giuen
not given
not given
not given
not given
21
10
14
Irt
10
not given
10
16
14
U
14
15
not given
not given
la
28
22
259
Table V. — Idiots under 25 Years of Age — continued.
COUNTT.
Kenosha
Jefferson
Kewaunee,
La Fayette,
La Crosse..... .
Milwaukee
Marquette
Manitowoc
Marathon
Monroe . .
Outagamie
Brighton
Farmington
Palmyra . . .
Ahnepee
Benton
New Diggings.
Shullsburg ...
Hamilton
Lake,
Crystal Lake
Douglas
Moundyille
Manitowoc .
Two Rivers.
Settin
Lincoln . . . .
Little Falls.
Ridgeville,
Wilton....
Appleton City.
Grand Chute .
Osborn
Greenyille. . . .
Male
Female,
Female,
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male...
Female.
Female*.
Male...
Male...
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Ma\e
Male
Male...
Male...
Female ,
Female. .
Male*...
Female*
Male
• • ■ «
Not given...
Male
Female
Male
Not given...
Not given. . .
*Delianndi and a cripple. •Deformed and a cripple.
Not given..
Male
Female
Male
Female
Female
6
4
12
12
21
17
7
4
14
15
not given.
15
15
11
19
22
19
16
not given.
12
20
18
18
12
10
not given.
18
10
8
16
14
8
25
10
20
10
not given,
not given.
260
Table V. — Idiots under 25 f/ear9 of age — continued.
County.
Pepin
Portage
Racine . .
Richland.
Rock
Bt Croix.
Sank .
Town.
Pepin
Stockholm
Watcrville.
Stevens Point, city.
Steyens' Point
Caledonia.
Waterford
Shebojgan .
Vernon.....
Washington
Eagle
Rockbridge.
Harmony
Johnstown . . .
Newark
Rock
Spring Valley
Hudson.
Troy...
Delona . .
Franklin
Honey Creek.
Washington .
Westfield
Woodland...
Winfleld ....
Plymouth..
Sheboygan
Sherman.. .
Sheboygan, city.
Hillsborough.
Addison
Barton
Richfield
Schleissingerville.
Male
.Aiaie ...f .«••
Male
Male
Age.
not given. . .
Female
*Male..
Female.
Male.
Male.
Male
not given.
Male
Male
Female...
not given. . . .
not given. . . .
Male
Female,
Male...
Female.
Female.
Male ...
Male...
Female.
Male...
not given . . . .
Female
Male
Female
Male
not given... .
not given
not given
Male....
. • • .
■
Male
not given....
Male
Male
17
11
14
12
4
15
15
10
14
18
22
not given.
12
14
20
not given.
not given.
20
22
10
18
13
22
24
7
23
not given.
18
not given.
19
17
not given,
not given,
not given.
12
20
bet.7&15
18
not given.
• Well carod for.
261
Table V. — Idiots under 25 f/ears of Age — continued.
ComiTT.
Walworth
Winnebago
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara
Spring Prairie
Troy
Delavan
Black Wolf. . .
Wuutoma .
Waukesha....
Summit
New Berlin. . .
Merton
Dayton
Little Wolf . . .
lola
Lind
Royalton
St. Lawrence .
Warren
Wautoma
Sex.
Age.
Male 20
Male 19
Not given ... 20
Male Not given
Male 20
Male U
Male 15
Not given ... 6
Male 22
Male 10
Male 11
Male 14
Female 18
Female 15
Male 9
Male 13
Male 20
Not given ... 18
Female 10
Not given . . . Notgivon
Male 11
Male 16
As there are quite a number of persons in the state who re-
gard it as an urgent necessity that a school for idiots, or feeble-
minded children should be speedily established, we have en-
deavored to ascertain the number of this class of persons under.
25 years of age, supposing that in no event, those over that age
would be regarded as proper subjects for such an institution.
It will be noticed that the foregoing list contains a description
of 188 persons, the ages of 150 only being given, but as the
request was made to designate only those who were under 25,
we presume the other 38 are under that age. We doubt not
there are many other feeble-minded children in the state who
would be proper subjects for such a school, who would not be
returned as idJbts.
262
TABLE VI.
Showing the number of Idiotic^ Blind^ Deaf and Dumb, and
Epileptics in the County Poor Houses of this State, for the
years 1870, 1871 and 1872.
Idiotic
1
Blind.
Deaf and Damb.
Xpileplicf.
i
•
i
1-4
1
1
•
T-t
1
i
1
i
•
T-l
iH
•
i
•
1
•
en
Brown
1
Clark
Golumbift
1
1
1
9
8
. 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
....
1
1
1
2
2
1
8
1
....
1
6
1
4
2
8
2
8
1
....
2
2
8
4
Diuifl . t . . t . t » - - -
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
8
Dodfire
4
Fond da Lac ....
2
1
1
2
8
1
3
Grant
"i'
1
1
8
Green
2
2
1
8
Iowa
2
JelSerson
La Fayette
4
1
4
1
1
1
8
1
Marathon
^Milwaukee .....
5
2
1
6
Monroe
1
Ozaukee
Pierce
1
2
2
1
11
2
Racine.
1
2
2
1
4
■'2
7
2
Rock
• • • •
1
5
St Oroix
Vernon
10
2
1
1
10
8
1
1
1
t • • •
2
1
2
• • • •
"2'
1
1
1
1
1
8
5
1
8
4
5
4
Walworth
Waahington
Waukeaha
5
. • .
1
2
1
1
2
8
WinnRhairo
1
41
_
80
28
48
20
17 21
7
8
11
40
45
*No report from HUwaakee county for 1871 and 1973.
263
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266
We give in the foregoing table the figures as the have reached
us, but we are fully aware that they are far from presenting fully
and correctly the information we sought to obtain.
They are defective, firsts from the fact that from nearly one
hundred towns we have received no reports ; second^ from the
fact that in many instances where reports have been received,
they fail to give the information asked for; thirds from the fact
that large numbers of persons are relieved by county superin-
tendents of the poor, who keep no record of the number, sex or
nationality of those relieved, and hence can give no definite in-
formation in relation to the matter; and/bt^r^A, from the fact we
get no response whatever from the county superintendents of
the poor of some of the counties.
From the counties of Marathon, Milwaukee, Rock, Pierce,
Monroe, Grant, St. Croix and Washington, we do not get full
reports in relatinn to their poor-houses.
267
TABLE VIII.
Showing the number of Children in Poor-Houses under 10
and between 10 and 20 years of age on the first day of De-
cember^ 1872, and the number bound out; the number of
Births and the number Illegitimate^ during the year 1871,
as shown by reports of Overseers of Poor'Houses:
COUKTIES.
S
o
•§2
So
•5J
a
is .
•
e
%
0
5
1
P
Brown
9
2
4
4
4
2
4
6
1
1
5
1
3
2
1
•
2
8
2
1
Ck>lambia
8
Dane
Dodire
2
^^^'**6*'* •••••••••••••••».•••♦•••••••••••
Fond du Lac.
2
2
Qrant
Green
6
2
6
1
4
6
2
1
1
1
Iowa
1
JejQTerson
1
La Favette
2
M^onroft
« • • ■
O7fl.Tllr0A • • • •
1
1
2
2
2
8
1
1
4
. • ■ • .
1
Pierce
Racine.
1
4
■ • • •
Rock
10
2
2
St Croix
Vernon
Walworth
8
6
4
4
Washlnarton
1
Waukesna
1
2
Winnebago
2
64
46
18
18
16
No report from Milwaukee county.
3 g>CS
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270
TABLE X
Showing the whole number confined in the Jailt cf the Stale
during the yemr 1871, vrith the average time cf confimetmenij
and the coet per day <jr the co$t per week /or boarditig prii'
oner$, as shown hy the report </ sheriffs.
Jfo reporft rcecired froB coastSes boc in the table, or tkcj are witkomt jfliU.
CocyrxBs.
No. cr«-
in JaU.
Cert
Brown
Baffaio
Chippewa
Clark
Columbia
Crawford !
Daoe
Dodge
Door
Doaglaa '
Dimn '
£aa Claire |
Fond da Lac i
Grant '
Green*
Green Lake
Iowa ,
Jackson ,
Jefferson. •
Jnneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse
La Fayette
Manitowoc
Marathon
Monroe
Oconto
Ozaukee
Pierc«
Portage
Racine
Richland
Rock
St. Croix
Hauk
Shawano
Sheboygan
Vernon
Walworth
Washington
Waukesha
Waupaca
Winnebago
Wood
106
5
2
1
49
44
IdS
15
1
2
19
12
47
24
8
8
11
8
51
17
120
2
69
9
34
Not glren '
9dav8 1 $ 50
^ months \ 1 00
lo'days •
42davs i 50
1 day to 4 mo.j
93 25
10 00
90 days
90 days
4 weeks
2 months...
2 months...
6 weeks.
49 days
25 days
46 days
1|^ months.
2 months...
32} days
2 months...
12|days
23 days
80 days
2 months...
90|} days
:i;
1 00
1 00
50
12
14
4
17
44
4
230
16
22
8
24
13
24
20 I
60
15
58
4
10 weeks.
1 day to 4 nw>
3 months
23 days
4 months,
1,451
60 days
4 months....
15 days
6 months....
3^ months. . .
5 months
1 month
Not given....
8 months
28 days
24 hours
75
1 00
1 00
4 10
3 50
400
550
400
4
3
5
3
5
4
4
4
6
00
50
00
50
00
00
00
50
00
350
3
9
3
5
3
5
5
4
75
60
50
50
50
00
00
00
3 50
350
400
350
4 60
3 50
4
4
4
50
00
25
271
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273
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31
B-sa
1
YIL
MISCELLANEOUS.
I.— INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.
In our previous report we urged the importance of the estab-
lishment of an Industrial School for Girls.
A bill was introduced into the Senate of 1§72 to provide for
such an institution, but no further action was had in relation to
it. The investigations of another year have strengthened us in
our convictions of the great need of the early organization of
such an institution, and at a meeting of the Board, held on the
18th of October last, the following action was had:
" Voted, That Mrs. Lynde be requested to prepare a paper
for the next annual report of the Board in relation to the estab-
lishment of an Industrial School for Girls in this State."
At a recent meeting of the Board, Mrs. Lynde presented a
report, accompanied with a communication from Judge Mallory,
of Milwaukee. The report was adopted and ordered to be in-
corporated in the annual report of the Board, with the accom-
panying paper of Judge Mallory:
The following is
MBS. ltndb's kbpobt:
To the State Board of Charities and Btform:
Gbntlbmbn — The further consideration of the subject im-
posed upon me by your resolution, has in no wise changed the
278
views expressed in my paper upon the same topic last year^
but served only to increase a conviction of the need, and con-
firm my opinion of the culpability of longer neglect on the part
of the people of Wisconsin to make suitable provision for the
education and reformation of the delinquent and neglected young
girls of her population.
I had hoped to present more accurate statistics of numbers
and condition than I have, but the absence of exact records
renders this impossible. The comprehensive and interesting
paper which Judge Mallory has considerately prepared at my
•request, and which I herewith submit with a request that it be
published in your report, together with the somewhat incom-
plete reports the secretarv has received from the poor-houses
of the different counties of the state, will afford some basis for
an estimate of the numbers who would be proper subjects for a
reformatory institution of the character proposed, and perhaps
induce the belief that the saying of a commissioner of large ex-
perience in an eastern state, ^^ that it seems to him, in large
places, more girls of fair surroundings are going to ruin than
boys," is as true of Wisconsin as of New England.
Any one who has visited the Waukesha
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOB BOYS
And thoughtfully observed the work of teaching, and enforc-
ing habits of order, regularity industry and economy, in work,
study, play; the ever present censcious and uncenscious influ-
ences for good in the patient, persistent, unwearying endeavor
to elevate and stimulate and confirm the good habits of the boys
gathered there, any one who has observed the countenance,
manners, entire aspect of these boys, bearing in mind the classes
and conditions from which they came, and will then contrast all
this with the appearance and condition of the same classes out-
side the school, cannot fail to be convinced that an Industrial
School is a marvellous instrumentality for good ^^ for boys who
were leading an idle, vagrant or vicious life, or were found in
public places in circumstances of want, suffering neglect, ex-
poshre, abandonment or beggary .''
279
Has any one who has thus thoughtfully observed and com-
pared, ever seen the girls of this same unfortunate class and
condition that infest the by-streets and alleys of large towns?
Have they seen the puny, shivering little rag-pickers, with quick,
furtive glance, slyly snatch from a clothes line a pair of stock-
ings or a handkerchief, a pail or a scrap of broken food from an
area or a half-opened door? Have they gone into a ship-build-
er's or manufacturer's yard, and seen the same kind of misera-
ble unfortunates, with their bolder and more impudent faces,
while gathering kindling wood, pick up the dropped hammer;
or abstract from the office table, where she sells her bundle, the
pencil or pen knife, and heard with a shudder the words of
precocious knowledge of vice she utters? Have they seen the
leader of a squad of ragged, ill-conditioned boys, a young girl,
of perhaps not more than twelve summers, who would out-do
them in petty crime, and out-shame them in indecency? It may
be true that we have
FBW FEMALE INMATES IN OUB STATE PRISON,
But that there are not more, may, I doubt not, be in part
owing to the universally-prevailing sentiment of chivalry toward
woman in our country, and still more to the fact that bad women
do not generally live long enough to reach that school where
crime graduates.
There are numberless instances in which a young emyloyee of
a manufacturer, the clerk of a fancy store, or servant in a house-
m
hold, is discharged because of petty theft, and not arrested or
punished because no suitable place of punishment or reforma-
tion exists. When emboldened by this impunity, they have
become hardened in crime, tne house of correction or common
jail, with all the evil influences of promiscuous association, are
the only refuge the inexorable processes of law offers, and in
the words of a veteran policeman of Milwaukee, that influence
is '^ not to reform, but only to confirm and debase."
280
BUT PABKB8T AKD MOST DAKHBD
Of all are the dens that lie hidden in our by-ways, where these
graduates of the streets and alleys are at last found in darker,
deeper infamy than words can portray, tempting and corrupting
heirs to better and higher heritages, desseminating seeds of
deathly plagues, betraying your sons to ruin and steeping their
own souls in horrible, unredeemable destruction.
To boys, the world, society extends a helping hand, freely
grants forgiveness when once he manifests a disposition to im-
prove, and when reformed, perhaps before that is assured, his
faults and vices are condemned, and he is received into the fel-
lowship of the good with his past obliterated, and he is ready to
enter any new career with as fair a prospect of success as if his
name were all untarnished.
But let one blot, one shadow even rest upon the purity and
fair fame of a girl, it matters not how neglected, how wronged,
how outraged she may have been, how much society has sinned
against her, no amount of good words and works, no repentance,
though wrought out with bitter tears and deeds of love and char-
ity that might win an angePs approbation and open to her the
very gates of heaven itself, can ever open to her any way
back to the world's society, approval or acceptance. Is not this
a reason why it is more important, more the duty of the state to
endeavor to prevent this class from falling, to save those whom
they can never rescue or restore when fallen?
There are in the various poor houses in the state between one
and two hundred children, between the ages of 10 and 20. The
returns received from inquiries sent to every superintendent of
poor in the state having been very incomplete, but over one
hundred and twenty (120) are reported as now actually growing
up under the degrading and demoralizing influences of pauper-
ism and dependence. I mean no imputation upon the superin-
tendents or inmates of ^' poor houses," but it is probably an un-
questioned fact that the inmates of such refuges are mainly the
wrecked and stranded hulks of life's voyage, infirm in health,
of mind, body, and purpose, association with whom is, and
281
must be as a whole, mentally, physically, and morally unhealth-
ful. There were at the time of the last visit of the board, in the
Milwaukee county poor house, eighteen (18), children, mostly
girls, the offspring of tramps, vagrants, insane or vicious parents,
who, in some cases, lived in the house, and in more were occa-
sional dwellers there, and obviously left their children as a
measure to insure their own reception when other refuges failed.
lA Dane county there were nine children of illegitimate birth,
some with imbecile mothers, of course none with mothers quali-
fied or fit to be intrusted with the rearing of their offspring. The
regulations and domestic arrangements of such a house cannot
be suitable for the proper training or educating children, this
occupying but a subordinate place in the economy of such an
institution, the main purpose being generally the maintenance
of the sick, the aged and infirm adult poor. As soon as oppor-
tunity occurs the children of the poor houses are provided homes
in familes, " bound out," often it is hoped, to be reared in com-
fort and fitted for usefulness, but too often it may be feared, to
become the victims of greed or abuse, with no constituted
authority to protect their rights or demand, or secure for them
the training necessary to fit them to become self sustaining or
useful citizens.
Would it not be a wiser economy in the commonwealth to
begin with instructing rather than to end with a too often futile
endeavor to reclaim its unfortunate and dependant children.
Born to a large heritage of wrong and evil, and reared amidst
debasing influences, is not the perpetuity of vice almost a cer-
tainty ? Says a thoughtful writer on this topic. " There is no
difficulty in following up the ever increasing sum of expense
incident to the discovery and punishment of crime far
enough, to show that it exceeds the cost of the training of the
young criminal under Christian auspices."
While " the measure of duty is not to be found in the reduc-
tion of expenses to a minimum point " it may be urged as an
argument in favor of gathering these different classes of girls
into an institution, where removed from habitual association
with crime or evil they may be subjected to wholesome restraint
282
and taught to perform the ordinary duties of life in a manner to
enable them to become self-sustaining and useful women. The
actual cost of their maintenance would not be materially increas-
ed and the ultimate profit to society largely augmented.
Our state, with its educational policy, has not made '^ the cost
of a thing " its measure of benevolent eflfort, but with remark-
able liberality provided institutions for the education of so many
of its unfortunate classes. The blind are taught to read, the
deaf to hear and mute to speak; the delinquent boys are edu-
cated in excellent schools, taught trades and fitted for their work
in life. The insane are humanely treated in magnificent hospi-
tals by the highest professional skill. It seems a singular omis-
sion in our extended public charities longer to overlook or neg-
lect these unfortunate children — little girls who in infancy
scarcely knew the innocence of childhood, but who might and
ought to be " uplifted, redeemed, and made to help and to heal
the sick world."
It is the duty of the state to protect the weak against the
strong; it is noble in the state to protect the child from brute
force; it is still more noble to protect the child from vice; and
the noblest of all, to train that child to virtue.
Jin>GB JAHES A. HALLORT'S PAPER.
Milwaukee, December 31, 1872.
Mrs. William Pitt Lykde:
Having been requested by you to furnish such statistics as
may be within my reach, showing the number of young girls
who have, during the year 1872, been prosecuted for criminal
and other offenses in the county of Milwaukee; also to make
such suggestions as may occur to me, relating to the necessity
for an Industrial School for girls in this state. I have given
these matters such consideration as pressing business engage-
ments would permit.
I am not able to furnish statistics which convey correct infor-
mation of the number of such girls, who in my judgment would
be proper persons to become inmates of such a school, for the
283
reason that having always felt great reluctance to prosecute
young children of either sex, for criminal offenses, I have in
many cases of petit larceny, where the value of the stolen prop-
erty was unimportant and the offender of tender years, directed
complaints to be made for disorderly conduct, under ordinances
of the city, by which an equal degree of punishment, or at least
adequate punishment could be inflicted without loading the
child with a conviction for felony, which should brand it with
infamy for life. In this class of cases there is nothing in the
record to show what the disorderly conduct consisted of, wheth-
er larceny or some other crime, or misdemeanor, or simply a
childish misbehavior, like throwing stones in the streets, etc.
I feel quite sure that fifteen or twenty such girls — very young —
would be furnished by this city, who in all probability would be-
come respectable women in such a school, but who, without the
restraint and influence of some such place, are almost certain to
become vagabonds.
My administration of the criminal laws of this city during
many years past, has led me to notice another class of young
girls who are accustomed to wander about the streets and alleys
of this city, clothed in rags and carrying filthy looking sacks, in
which they gather rags and such small articles as they can get
an opportunity to steal. Girls of this class are not much no-
ticed by the public, but numbers of them may be seen (by those
who will take the trouble to observe) prowling about, singly and
in groups in summer and in winter; they maybe seen in greater
numbers during the summer months at early hours of the morn-
ing and early in the evening. They are not unfrequently to be
found begging about this city from person to person and from
place to place. As a rule, girls of this class are gifted
with good intellects and comely forms and features, but they
almost, without exception, gi*ow up in ignorance and become the
most degraded members of society, whereas, on the contrary,
nearly all of this class might be saved from a life of vice by be-
ing taken from the streets at the commencement of their career,
and put into an Industrial School.
I have been made acquainted with still another class. Many
284
tunes a parent has applied to have a daughter of eight, nine,
ten or eleven years of age sent to the Waukesha Industrial
School, on a charge of being incorrigible, running away from
school, and getting into bad company. Many such cases are
found among respectable mechanics whose business requires
that they shall be away from home from early mom till evening,
and in families where the mother of the truant child is dead and
no person in the house during the absence of the father, Trhom
the child feels bound to obey. Parents of this class I have
found to be reasonably industrious men, able and willing to pay
the expenses of keeping their children in the Industrial School*
Applications have also many times been made to have boys sent
to the Industrial School for Boys, for similar reasons, the parents
invariably accompanying the application with offers to give se-
curity for board and other expenses while there. Our laws
authorize courts to send such children to the Industrial School
for boys at Waukesha, upon due proof made by the parent or
guardian of such child, that by reason of" incorrigible or viciotts
conduct, such child is beyond the power or control of such
parent or guardian, and that a due regard for the morals and
future welfare of such child manifestly requires that he or she
should be committed to such School."
This is certainly a praise-worthy provision, but I think pro-
vision should be made by law, by which the parent or guardian
of such child should be required to give bond with sureties for
the payment of the bond and necessary expenses of keeping
the child at such school. In the absence of any such provision,
each county from which any child is sent to said school for vag-
rancy, inconrigible or vicious conduct, is required to pay to the
state one dollar a week for the care and maintainance of each
such child.
I believe the Industrial for Boys, has done and is doing great
good by educating and so training the boys sent there as to cause
most of them to become worthy and industrious members of so-
ciety and by this means compensates the state ten fold for the
expenses of establishing and keeping the school in operation.
I think and have long felt that an industrial school for girls
285
quite as necessary as the one for boys, and in some respects
more so. I have no doubt that such a school for girls in this
state of half of the capacity of the present school for boys would
be filled within less time than five years from the date of its
completion by girls of the different descriptions which I have
mentioned, for I am confident that more or less of such children
could now be found in every city and village in this state of any
note.
Unless the Legislature at its present session provides or takes
steps towards providing some proper place for such girls, I in-
tend making an effort to have one established by the city and
county of Milwaukee. The welfare of our city will not permit
much longer delay in this matter, and I feel assured that the in-
telligent people of Milwaukee and of the state could not fail to
appreciate the necessity of some action in the premises, when
made acquainted with the necessities of the circumstances.
Respectfully yours,
JAMES A. MALLORY.
II.— KEEPING OF THE BOOKS AND ACCOUNTS OF
THE STATE CHARITABLE AND CORRECTIONAL
INSTITUTIONS.
Chapter 66 of the general laws of 1872, makes it the duty of
this board to prepare a plan for keeping the books and accounts
of the state charitable and correctional institutions, which, af-
er being approved by the Governor, was to be adopted by all
of the institutions referred to.
The first action taken by the board under the provisions of
this law was to direct their secretary to visit all of the institu-
tions referred to, and examine the plans then in use for keeping
their books and accounts, with a view of fully understanding
the plans of the different institutions, so that no unnecessary
286
changes should be made. After having made this examination,
the secretary was directed to invite a meeting of the superin-
tendents of the various institution! with a view of getting their
suggestions, so, if possible, to agree upon a plan that would be
satisfactory to all.
The proposed meeting of the Superintendents was held at the
office of the Board in Madison, and all of the institutions con-
cerned were represented.
The various propositions that were brought forward were
fully discussed by those present at the meeting, and the most of
them submitted to a vote of the Superintendents and decided
by them, and the understanding of this Board was that every
proposition that was adopted met with their approval, or at least
of a majority of them. The various points that were decided
will be found on pages 21 and 22 of this report. There was on*
matter, however, in relation to which there was quite a difference
of opinion,and that was, as to how much in detail the expenditures
of the several institutions should be given. It will be noticed by
a reference to the law (section 3) that the matter of making out
the detailed statement of expenditures is a requirement of law
over which this Board has no control other than to prescribe a
form in which the statement should be made. In sending this
form to the different institutions, we did it with these remarks:
" EXHIBIT "h "
'^ Is intended as suggestive as to the manner of making up the
detailed statement referred to. Under some of the headings no
articles are named; under others, some of the leading articles
are mentioned; and under others, as '' subsistence,'' for example,
nearly every article that will be purchased is set down. With
these suggestions, the language of the law, and the published
views of the legislative visiting committee, at whose suggestion
the law was passed, before them, the officers of the different
institutions will exercise their own judgment as to how min^itely
they will present the details of their expenditures."
The language of the law is as follows:
287
^' Section 3. Hereafter the annual reports of the charitable
and penal institutions^ shall contain a detailed statement of their
expenditures for the year, prepared in such form as shall be
prescribed by the State Board of Charities and Reform."
The legislative visiting committee of last year, the committee
who reported the law from which the above section is taken, in
their report to the legislature, use the following language:
^' They would recommend that the annual report of each in-
stitution should contain a detailed account of expenditures for
the year showing at least the aggregate quantity, and average
price of each article purchased. With such a statement before
him, each member of the legislature could examine, compare
and judge of the various items of expense, at his leisure.
*' The fact that such an account was to be printed and pub-
lished, would tend to cai'e in the making of purchases and the
incurring of indebtedness; the work of the committee would
thereby be materially lessened, while the oflScers in charge of
the various institutions, would be relieved from answering manj
irrelevant if not impertinent questions.
^^ We find such an account, alphabetically arranged, in the re-
port of the steward of the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum for
1871. * * *
^' Another most excellent form of itemized account, will be
found in the annual report of the Southern Ohio Lunatic
Asylum lor 1869."
By referring to the reports of the two institutions named
above, it will be seen exactly what the committee contemplated
by the term " detailed statement." In these reports the aggre-
gate quantity and average price of every article purchased
during the year is given.
These statements in one report, embracing expenditures
amounting to over $60,060, and in the other to over $100,000;
occupy between eight and ten pages of the reports.
When the matter of requiring this statement of expenditures
to be made so much in detail was first suggested, we doubted
288
its necessity; and when oonsulted by members of the le^sla-
tive visiting committee, advised against making it a statutory
requirement; but after having considered the matter more care-
fully, and having seen the results during the past year, we are
o^ the opinion that it is a wise provision of law, and trust that
it will be retained. The funds disbursed by these institutions
are trust funds; they belong to the people of the state, and the
legislature and the people have a right to know exactly what is
done with every dollar. It is impossible to be too careful or too
conscientious in the disbursing of these funds, or to give too
full or too minute information as to the use that has been made
of them. The fact that such a minute statement is to be pub-
lished will lead all who have the disbursing of these funds to be
careful that nothing is purchased that is not needed, and that
the purchases are all made on the most favorable terms. The
publication of such a satement will enable comparisons to be
made between the expenditures of the different institutions,
that will result, without doubt, in a considerable saving in cur-
rent expenses. A comparison between the cost of some of the
articles used in some of our state institutions last year, with the
cost the year previous, will show quite a saving last year. We
cannot doubt that the passage of the law in question has had
something to do in bringing about this result.
We do not design to reflect in the least upon those who have
disbursed the funds of our state Institution during the past year
or two, as we have the fullest confidence in the honesty and in-
tegrity of them all; but we are aware that the best of men, in
disbursing large sums of money, by having their attention called
to the matter of economizing, and by learning how others man-
age who are similarly situated, can often save, in directions and
ways, that had not before occurred to them. The requirement
of law that we are considering is a valuable one, when the
institutions are in charge of good and true men, as we believe
they all now are, but should the state be so unfortunate at any
time in the future as to have bad, dishonst men get the control
of any of these institutions, then a provision of this kind woidd
be of the utmost importance.
289
Our state institutions have all become large and important
disbursing yearly, some of them over one hundred thousand
dollars, and none of them less than twenty thousand. Institu-
tions where such large sums of money are annually disbursed
should have their accounts kept with system and regularity, and
there is no one of them that should not hare the services of a
competent bookkeeper and accountant, at least a part of the
year, and the larger institutions should have a person of this
kind employed all the time. It is poor economy in any public
institution of the magnitude of these, as it is in a large busi-
ness establishment of any kind, not to have the books and ac-
counts kept in a careful and systematic manner.
Where a book-keeper is employed the whole or even a part
of the time, there would be no difficulty whatever in keeping
the accounts so that the detailed statement required by the
present law can be furnished with but little labor, and with no
additional expense. We would call attention to the very full
information published in the report of the state prison commis-
sioner. The detailed statement of expenditures, which is given
with great minuteness, comprises but a small part of the statis-
tical information famished, and we are informed by the commis-
aioner that the additional labor required to furnish this detailed
statement was scarcely noticed.
The excellent clerk and book-keeper at the prison, Capt. L.
D. Hinkley, is a most valuable man to the institution, and the
duties of his department are performed in a most perfect man-
ner.
It has been feared by some that the preparation of this de-
tailed statement would be a most laborious and expensive un-
dertaking. We have had a little experience in relation to this
matter, which we think ought to be satisfactory to any one.
The present Superintendent of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home
had been in office but seven months when the time came for
making out his annual report, and, in making up the detailed
statement of expenditures, he did it only for the seven months
that he had been in office. When this fact was discovered, his
attention was called to the matter, and he was requested to pre-
19— C. & R (Doc. 18.)
290
pare the statement for the preceding five months. Being very
much occupied at the time, and as the statement was wanted
without delay, in order to get it into the report, he sent the
Touchers for the five months to the office of the Board, with the
request that we would procure some one to do the work.
A young man, about 17 years of age, a student at the State
University, who had never been engaged in business, and who
had never had any experience in work of this kind, was em-
ployed to make out the detailed statement.
The bills were placed in his hands, with a supply of the blanks,
such as have been furnished by this board to the different insti-
tutions, for keeping accounts of this kind and for making the
detailed statements, and in four days he handed over the state-
ment completed, and the whole expense was but ten dollars.
Any one at all familiar with such matters will understand that
it was a far more difficult and laborious undertaking for this
young man without expenence, to take the bills for five months
to analyze them and enter all the items on the blanks corres-
ponding to the books of the institution, and then to aggregate
the amounts of the different articles, figure out the average cost
and then make out the detailed statement than it would have been
for the same work to have been done by a clerk or bookkeeper
in the institution familiar with the work, as each bill came in
and was examined. We are satisfied, from the result of this
experiment, that the preparation of these detailed statements
need not necessarily involve the expenditure of a cent beyond
what ought to be spent in keeping the books and accounts of
these institutions in the careful and systematic manner their im-
portance demands.
291
III.— JOINT RESOLUTION, NUMBER 19, SENATE, 1872.
This resolution makes it the duty of the board to ascertain,
and report the number of foreign born citizens who are now
inmates of our charitable and penal institutions, including jails
and poor-houses, and also what number of those who are such
inmates who have been in similar institutions in the countries
from which they came.
We give below the results of our inyestlgations:
Of the number in the Wisconsin Hospital for the Insane,
September 30, 1872, there were
Native born 144
Foreign bom ' 1^1
865
Of the number in the State Prison at the same date, there
were
Native bom 108
Foreign bom 79
187
Of the number in the Poor-houses, December 1, 1872, (exclu-
sive of Milwaukee, from which no report has been received),
there were
Native bora 284
Foreign born 409-
648:
The above give the number of native and foreign birth who
were in the Hospital for the Insane and State Prison at the date
named.
The jail records in many instances are so defective that we are
unable to give definite information as to the nativity of those
who have been confined in the jails during the past year.
The number confined in the county jails during the past year.
292
80 far as reports hare been receired was 1,451: of this number
there are reported as
KatiTebom aS8
Forei^boTD 545
Xatintj not giren 578
1,451
Of the ^ilire nomber of persons supported or reUeved at pub-
lic expense .last year so far as reported there were
KatiTebom l,t
Foreign bom 2,999
KatiTitf not giren 2S3
5,189
Of the entire number of conricts in the State prison from its
organization to September 30, 1872, there were
Katiyebora 983
Foreign bom 795
1,718
Of the entire number of patients in the Wisconsin State Hos-
pital for the Insane from its oi^anization to September 30, 1872,
there were
NatiTcbom 703
Foreipi bom 888
NatiTitj not given 83
1,658
It is exceedingly difficult to gain reliable information as to
the antecedents of foreign born criminals, paupers or insane.
It is seldom there are any other sources of information than
their own voluntary statements, and the knowledge here sought
is something they are not generally disposed to communicate.
We learn that two of those in state prison were couTicts in
the countries from which they came, and that two of the inmates
of the hospital for the insane were inmates of a similar institu-
tion prior to their coming to this country.
Of the inmates of the poor houses, but one is known to have
been a pauper before coming to this country, while fire of the
number were supported at public expense in other states of the
union, before coming to Wisconsin.
293
IV.— MRS. LYNDE'S REPORT OP VI8ITT0 THE CON-
NECTICUT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOE &rRLS.
The Board, understanding that Mrs. Lynde intended to visit
the city of New Haven, Connecticut, requested her, while in
the vicinity, to visit the Connecticut Industrial School for Girls,
located at Middletown in that State.
The following is her report of that visit:
To the State Board of Charities and Htform:
Gentlsmeit: In September last, during a stay of a few days
in New Haven, with the approval of the Board I visited the
Connecticut Industrial School for Girls, located at Middletown.
It occupies the central portion of a small farm, pleasantly
situated on a height of ground some four or five miles from the
city of Middletown.
The institution is upon the ^^ detached home '' or *^ cottage
plan," and has now two homes, a sdiool building, containing
also a chapel, and shop for the manufacture of paper boxes, and
a small cottage for the supwintendent's residence.
This property is in part the gift of humane individuals, and
each home bears the name of its liberal donor, and partly the
gift of the state of Connecticut, for the reformation, and pro-
tection of its unprotected and unfortunate erring young girls.
The plan of the school in its government and general conduct
is, in many respects similar to the Industrial School at Wauke-
sha in our own state, but in some points differs essentially from
any reformatory I have over visited. The superintendent terms
his system a " free one,'' or one of liberty. " No girl is put un-
der a lock and key unless she forfeits the right to liberty," says
the superintendent in his report for the year 1871-2' " Out of
ninety-four girls not one eloper is reported." To me he said: "we
have no bars or keys to keep our inmates in the house, only for
the purpose of keeping outsiders from getting in, as you do in
private homes."
294
The work of the iii8titiiti<Mi is perfonned by the girls, wiUi the
Sttperintendenee in etch house of & mmtrcnand aasisUnt nuLtioa
who is also & teacher and a housekeeper. Each home at the
time of mj visit numbered (40) forty inmates. The report be-
fore alluded to, says: ^* Of the amount of work accomplished
by the g^irls, we need only ask where else are girls between
eight and sixteen years who do all their room work, their own
washing, ironing and cooking, make and men^ their own cloth-
ing and bedding, and attend school three hours a day. Besides
doing this, the girls have made over 40,000 paper boxes, and
several of them have learned the trade so as to be able always to
get good wages, and hence have no excuse for a vicious life
when they leave the institution.
They have also a flower garden, and a small place is assigned
to each as her own, in which she can exercise her own taste.
The institution impressed me as one of the most interesting
I had ever visited, as meeting a want and doing a work greatly
needed in all large and populous states. The superintendent
seemed a man fitted for the work, and intelligently and ear-
nestly pursuing it, with most encouraging promise of large re-
sults for good to the individuals under his care, to the State of
Connecticut, and stUl larger to the world.
Mes. WM. p. LYNDE.
v.— APPROPRIATIONS TO THE MILWAUKEE CHARI-
TABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The Board held a special meeting to consider the question of
recommending appropriations to these institutions, when, after
considerable discussion, the following proceedings were had:
Mr. Merrill moved that the Board recommend that no appro-
priations be made to any of the Milwaukee charitable institu-
tions by the legislature. On the question being taken the mo-
tion was lost, all voting in the negative except Mr. Merrill.
Mr. Elmore moved that the Board recommend that appropria-
tions be made by the legislature as follows:
295
To the Milwaukee Hospital $3,000, to pay indebtedness;
To the Home for the Friendless $1,500, to provide additional
accommodations;
To St. Mary's Hospital $1,000, to pay indebtedness on labor
and steam fixtures;
And that we recommend no appropriations to other institu-
tions, in consequence of the condition of the state finances.
Judge Allen moved to amend, by 'making the amount to each
$1,000. On the question being taken the amendment was lost.
The question recurring on the motion of Mr. Elmore, it was
decided in the negative.
Mr. Elmore then offered the following resolution:
" liesolvedj That we recommend to the Legislature to appro-
priate to the Milwaukee Hospital for the payment of indebtedness,
$3,000; to the St. Mary's Hospital, $1,000, to pay indebtedness
for labor and steam fixtures, and to the Home for the Friendless,
to provide further accommodations, $1,500."
Judge Allen moved to amend, so as to recommend appropria-
tions as follows:
To Milwaukee Hospital |1,500
Home for the Friendless 1 ,000
St. Mary's Hospital 1,000
8t. Joseph's Orphan Asylum ', 1 ,000
Milwaukee Orphan Asylum 1 ,000
St. Amelianus' Orphan Asylum , 1, 000
St. Rosa's Orphan Asylum 1,000
After some discussion the amendment of Judge Allen was
withdrawn.
The question on Mr. Elmore's resolution was then taken by
ayes and nays, and adopted by the following vote:
Ayes — Messrs. Giles, Allen, Elmore and Mrs. Lynde.
Nays — Mr. Merrill.
On motion of Mr. Merrill, it was
" Voted^ That the record of the proceedings of the board, in
reference to recommending appropriations to the Milwaukee
<$haritable institutions, be published in the annual report of the
board."
Mr. Merrill gave notice that he should prepare his objections
296
to the action of the board in relation to recommending appro-
priations to the Milwaukee charitable institutions, and asked to
have the same published in the annual report.
The following paper has been prepared and adopted by
THE MAJOBITT OF THE BOASD,
As explanatory of their reasons for the action they have taken
in relation to recommending appropriations by the legislature
to some of the Milwaukee charitable institutions:
It may be safely considered that
THE STATE HAS NO ESTABLISHED POLICY
In regard to rendering aid to so-called private institutions^
because the Legislatures of different years have so varied in
their opinion, and appropriations have been made or omitted as
the prevailing influence has been for or against appropriations
to them, and no policy has been really affirmed.
This Board do not feel ready to express any opinion as to
what is the policy best adapted to meet the necessities of the
situation. While they are fully conscious of many find great
defects in the laws and provisions made for the support of the
dependent and pauper classes of the population, they do not
deem their own observation and experience in dealing with
these classes, sufficient to enable them to form a competent
judgment, or even to suggest changes or recommend a policy.
There has been upon nearly every question brought to the
consideration of the board,
A BBMABKABLB DBOBBS OF ACOOBD,
And we have been able to always unite in our conclusions
and recommendations, with the single exception of this one im-
portant subject.
We intend during the coming year to give increased atten-
tion to the condition of the poor and dependant, and the opera-
tions of the laws and regulations governing their maintenance
and control, and apprehend from what we have already ascer-
297
tained, that future developments will show that large numbers
exist who have no legal claim or residence where they are sup-
ported.
Shall the state assume the support of such? Or shall the
accident of their becoming a charge upon a particular town, city
or county, fix .their status?
To render the burden of taxation
AS tTNIVORM AS POSSIBLE
Should be the aim of legislation; yet how to lessen pauper-
ism and crime by encouraging private benevolence, is a prob-
lem, the right solution of which will tell in the years to come.
We believe the state should work in harmony with and super-
vise all its private as well as public charities, and adopt some
system that will equally and justly distribute both the benefits
and burdens to be derived and borne.
The Board have given much attention to the Milwaukee in-
stitutions.
THE VEBY FULL EXHIBIT
Of their history, finances and general condition is published
for the information of the Legislature and the people.
The nativity and residence of the beneficiaries of these in-
stitutions is given, so far as obtained. We think a distinction
should be made between such as are mainly Milwaukee institu-
tions, or for the benefit of that locality, and such as receive in-
mates from the State at large, and from all classes of the unfor-
tunate who apply» whether residents of this State or elsewhere.
In this connection we call attention to the statistics given in our
report upon these institutions. We have hesitated to pronounce
upon the propriety of recommending appropriations to them all,
not from any doubt as to their real worth or usefulness, but
from a doubt as to the real policy of the State in giving aid to
institutions not under its control, and at the same time not for
the benefit of the entire people of the State. The hospitals in
Milwaukee and the Home for the friendless seem to us to be
really State institutions, and quite as much for people outside of
298
Milwaukee and for strangers, if not even more necessary for
such, than for residents of that city.
It is for these reasons that we have recommended appropria-
tions to these three institutions according to our estimate of
their necessities.
The St. Mary's Hospital has already received from the state
$15,350, and now owes $1,000 for steam fixtures and labor, and
we recommend that amount be appropriated.
The Milwaukee Hospital has received $7,500; the real estate
of this institution has never been fully paid for, a debt of $3,000
yet remains past due, and we recommend an appropriation of
that sum for their relief.
The Home for the Friendless is essentially a refuge for needy
and destitute strangers from all parts of the state and from,
abroad, and its usefulness is greatly impeded by its want of
means for enlargement, and we recommend an appropriation of
$1,500 to enable them to furnish increased accommodations.
The following paper contains the
OBJECnOXS OF THE HON. WILLABD MERRILL
To the action of the majority of the Board in recommending
appropriations to some of the Milwaukee charitable institutions:
A majority of the Board having voted to recommend appro-
priations from the state treasury to some of the private charita-
ble institutions of the city of Milwaukee, and differing as I do
from the Board on this subject, I have concluded to submit my
views in writing. I believe such appropriations are unwise and
unjust, being a misappropriation of the public funds, and exer-
cising a hurtful influence on the institutions that receive them.
JVc» private charity should be sustained in whole or in part by
forced contributions. I believe the great mass of the tax-pay-
ers of the state are opposed to such appropriations of their
money, and in so far as they are opposed, the appropria-
tions are in substance forced contributions for the support of
charitable organizations private in their form, and mainly local
in their operations.
299
The legislatiire of 1872 appropriated $1,000 to each of eight
of these institutions, and by the terms of the law, provided that
the money should be used only for the payment of current ex-
penses. These appropriations being each $1,000, would seem to
imply that these institutions were exactly equal in the magni-
tude or character of their work, or in the amount of their cur
rent expenses, or in the number of their inmates, or in the pro-
portion of the inmates who were non-residents of Milwaukee, or-
that for some other reason they had equal claims upon the state
treasury, or else they show that there was no discrimination
whatever and that the legislature acted blindly and without ref-
erence to the facts in the case or the principle involved. Some
of these institutions paid indebtedness during the year, and al-
though they undoubtedly used these appropriations strictly in
payment of current expenses in accordance with the provisions
of the law, they were thereby enabled to use in payment of in-
debtedness a portion of the ordinary receipts that otherwise
would have been used in the payment of current expenses. This
Board has resolved to
BSCOMM£ND APPROPRIATIONS TO THREE
Only of these, as follows: to the Milwaukee Hospital (Passi-
vant), $3,000, to St. Mary's, $1,000, and to the Home for the
Friendless, $1,500. The members of the Board who favor these
appropriations differ somewhat when they give their reasons for
supporting the resolution. If I correctly understand the views
of the Board, one reason is, ' that these institutions have many
inmates who really belong outside of Milwaukee, but the reso-
lution expressly states that the object in view is to enable Pas-
savant and St. Mary's to pay their indebtedness and to enable*
the Home for the Friendless to erect an addition to their build-
ing. Some may inquire upon what principle the legislature of
1872 restricted the use of the money appropriated to current
expenses, and others will ask upon what principle this Board
have an entirely different object in view in their recommenda-
tion;
300
If there is a principle underlying these appropriations, what
is it? I know it is claimed by some that the pauper system of
the state is all wrong and ought to be changed. Conceding this,
for the sake of argument, it by no means follows that this con-
cession justifies these appropriations. If the policy of the state
in the care of its paupers is to be changed, any proposed change,
in order to be sanctioned, must not only modify the policy, but
must apply equally to all parts of the state. A change that
falls short of this is unjust, either to that part of the state that,
is, or to that part that is not, directly effected by it. But while
some who favor these appropriations seek to sustain their posi-
tion by attacking the pauper system of the state, it is evident
that they leave the system unchanged.
THE TOWN OB COUNTY SYSTEM
Goes on without modification and these appropriations aid
the localities receiving them in the care of the paupers perman-
ently or temporarily on their hands, while the funds appropriated
are raised by taxation from the people of the whole state. It is
the settled policy of the state to let the counties or towns pro-
vide for their own poor. If it is best to change this and have
the state assume a portion of the burden,
LET THE BULE BE FIXED
Upon some well defined principle, that shall be applicable to
the entire state and relieve in due proportion every locality.
However defective our pauper system is, it is evident that these
appropriations do not change or even tend to change it. They
are really
BELIEF HEASCJBES. .
■
And the localities asking them, put themselves in the position
of asking the rest of the state to aid them in the care of their
paupers.
It is not in point to sayjin reply to this that the state pro-
vides for its blind, and deaf and dumb, and other defectives.
It is the settled policy of the state to provide for these classes,
301
not in certain localities merely, but throughout the entire state
and henoe the cases are not parallel. But again it is claimed
that
THS 8TATK OUGHT TO ASSIST MILWAUKEE
Because she is compelled to take care of many paupers 'who
never had a residence in Milwaukee. This idea is sustained by
many, but the statistics gathered by this Board show that there
is not as much foundation for it as has been supposed. The
most of the Milwaukee institutions show but a small per centage
of inmates who were not residents of Milwaukee. The most
noticeable exception to this rule is the Home for the friendless.
St. Mary's report for 1872, shows that of 72 charity patients, 63
"were residents of Milwaukee, the residence of six could not be
ascertained; 5 were from Wisconsin, outside of Milwaukee, and
8 were from out of the state. On the ground of residence,
surely St. Mary does not have a very strong claiih for aid from
the rest of the state. Our statistics from Passavant do not show
the residence of the inmates. About one-half of the beneficiaries
of the Home for the friendless were non-residents of Mil-
waukee.
So far, then, as our statistics disclose the facts in regard to
the three institutions to which appropriations are favored by
this board, the main work done for non-residents of the city has
been done by the Home for the Friendless. For the year end-
ing October 1, 1872, the total current expenses of the Home for
the Friendless were $1,970.85, one-half of this is $985.42|. In
other parts of the state, paupers, whether [permanent or tran-
sient, are cared for by the local public authorities, and an exam-
ination of the statistics will show that quite a percentage of the
inmates of the poor-houses of the state are non-residents of the
counties or towns that provide for them. If this state of things
is to be remedied by appropriations from the state treasury, it
might be well to establish
A BOABD OF EQUALIZATION,
In order that other localities as well as Milwaukee may be re-
302
lieved from outside burdens, and equal and exact justice maj
be done to all. Or rather, as the evil seems to exist in all parts
of the state, in a greater or less degree, and so in a manner to
remedy itself, would it not be well to let each locality take care
of itself and its paupers under the present or some other gen-
real system established by law?
HILWAITREE IS THE COMMERCIAL METBOPOLIB
Of the state. She has a large lake commerce, and she has
planned and built a magnificent system of railways, which has
made tributary to her prosperity not only the largest part of
Wisconsin, but the broad fields and flourishing cities of Iowa
and Minnesota. I rejoice in her prosperity. I am proud of her
rapidly increasing wealth, population and importance. I belfeire
in the enterprise and talent of her business men, and hence I
do not believe that this flourishing city of nearly 100,000 inhab-
itants needs, or desires, the aid of the state to enable her to
sustain the Home for the Friendless, whose entire current ex-
penses are less than $2,000 per aunum. I speak of the Home
for the Friendless, because this has the strongest claims of any,
on the ground of extending aid to non-residents of Milwaukee.
If the travel and traffic of the northwest largely pass to and
through Milwaukee,
BUILDING UP THE CITY
And enriching her people, she must expect what always accom-
panies travel and traffic, and what always stops temporarily or
permanently at the business centers of the country, some of the
paupers whose former residence was putside of the city. A
prosperous and growing city will draw not only life, energy and
wealth from the country, but also some of her poverty. Rejoic-
ing in the advantages of her position, should she seek to throw
upon the less favored portions of the state a part of the burden
of her disadvantages? If she welcomes the great advantages
of her position, should she not patiently bear the slight accom-
panying disadvantages? I believe she ought, and in this belief
some of the best citizens of Milwaukee fully agree with me.
303
If we examine the receipts and current expenses of the three
institutions before named, we shall not £nd a state of things
that calls very loudly for help from the state treasury:
The receipts of St. Mary's for the year ending December 1, 1872,
(besides 11.000 from the state), were |6,866 14
Current expenses for the same time were 6,505 38
Excess of receipts over current expenses were $860 76
The entire private donations to St. Mary's for the year, were
$167. The current expenses were $6,505 38, while the receipts
from pay patients alone, were $6,699 14, being an excess of
$193 76 over the entire current expenses. Why the state
should appropriate money to St. Mary's any more than to any
other well conducted boarding house in Milwaukee, whose
boarders pay more than enough to the proprietors to pay all
current expenses, I am unable to see. The only claim St.
Mary's has to be called a charitable institution, consists in the
fact that the profits, made from the pay patients, are used in
providing for the charity patients, and the further fact that the
Sisters who devote their lives to the holy work of charity, do so
without any compensation whatever. But this gives the insti-
tution no claim to state aid, because, the Sisters do their self-
denying work without pecuniary compensation, when the treas-
ury is full, the same as when empty. If then the receipts from
pay patients have more than paid all current expenses, what
more does St. Mary's need?
We have no statement of the receipts of Passavant for the
year ending January 1, 1873, but for the year ending January
1, 1872, they were as follows:
Donations from churches and individuals |2. 868 90
Boarding and nursing pay patients 1 .597 80
Total rcccipte |4, 466 70
Total expenses were 3,495 27
Excess of receipts over expenses $971 48
If we deduct from these expenses the sum of $257,50 which
was interest that was paid on balance due on property which is
not strictly a part of current expenses, (and I am not sure but
304
some other items might properly be deducted) we shall hare a
balance of receipts over current expenses proper, amounting' to
$1,228 93. At this rate it will not require much time for
Passavant to pay off her debts without aid from the state.
The receipts of the Home for the friendless for the year end-
ing 6ct. 1, 1873, besides the state aid |3,470 16
Current expenses were 1 ,970 85
Excess of receipts over current expenses were |499 31
The foregoing figures abundantly show that the good and
charitable people of Milwaukee make liberal provisions for the
wants of these institutions and that there is nothing in the con-
dition of the institutions themselves that demands aid from the
state treasury.
Those who favor these appropriations often
REFER TO THE EXAMPLE OF MASSACHUSETTS,
And claim that it is safe to follow wherever she leads. It is
true that Massachusetts grants some state aid for the support of
paupers, and makes appropriations to a few institutions not di-
rectly under state control. But it does not necessarily follow
that we ought to do the same or that Massachusetts would not
gladly be rid of her system. In the seventh annual report of
the Massachusetts Board of State Charities I find the following
language:
•' The commonwealth did not deliberately adopt the policy of
raising money by taxation for the administration of state char-
ities and beneficence — she was forced by real or apparent neces-
sity to assume the entire charge of certain classes, and has been
induced to extend aid to certain other classes. It is important
to keep this distinction in mind. In the early colonial days each
municipality provided for its own poor. But it came to pass
that whole villages were utterly desolated by savages, and the
people who escaped alive were without means of support. They
had to be supported for a time by somebody, and the colonial
government assumed the charge, distributed them among the
towns and paid for their support. In the latter days the great
305
waves of emigration have thrown a multitude of human wrecks
upon our shores. They had no more claim for support upon one
town than upon another, and the state had to assume it. Our
system of supporting certain classes by the state was therefore
bom of necessity."
From this it is evident that if Massachusetts were now estab-
lishing a pauper system, it is at least doubtful whether she
would extend state aid at all. But before Massachusetts can
properly be appealed to as a pattern for Wisconsin, it must be
made to appear that the reasons that induced the establishment
of their system now exist in our state. And when we attempt
to follow her example, we must do so not by granting state aid
to the support of non-resident paupers in one locality, but we
must adopt a policy that will aid from the state treasury certain
well defined classes wherever found throughout the state.
In regard to the
PBIYATB CHASITABLB INSTITUTIONS IN MASSACHUSBITS
Receiving State aid, the same able report, among other things,
says: ,
^^ Grants of State aid have been made from time to time to
voluntary societies and corporations, and there has been a ten-
dency to increase the number of such beneficiaries. They have
often not been granted upon any well-defined principle, and are
sometimes the result of individual pressure or an appeal to
sympathy. A new application is urged on the ground that it is
as deserving as another already granted." ♦♦♦***
^' As the State did not adopt the policy of raising money by
taxation to be administered in charity as a matter of choice,
but of necessity, the Board assumed that the field of labor
should be contracted rather than enlarged. It seems more con-
formable to the spirit of our people to leave the work of charity
to the municipalities, to organized societies, and to individual
citizens, whenever it can surely be done."
20-0. A Br (Doc 18)
906
To these views I heartily subscribe, bat in them I find nothing
in Ulyot of the principle of state appropriations to private chari-
table institutions.
If we are to be governed by precedent and example,
THE CASE OF NEW TOBK
Is very much stronger than Massachusetts. It has for some
time past been the custom in New York to make large impro-
priations to private charitable institutions. The legitimate
fruits of this practice can be found in New York in more abun-
dance than anywhere else, and if I correctiy understand the facts,
the wholesome spirit of reform that has seized upon the public
mind in New York has directed attention to these appropria-
tions as among the greatest abuses and burdens that have been
thrust upon the people. I have not at hand the statistics in re-
gard to the amount of appropriations made by the city of New
York, but Governor Dix, in his message to the legislature, has
communicated some facts in regard to the state appropriations,
together with his opinion of them. The following is the brief
and very
FORCIBLE LAK6UAGE OF GOVEBNOB DIX.
«' During the years 1869, 1870 and 1871, more than $2,000,000
were bestowed upon private charities, for the most part, of a
local and sectarian character. I consider these appropriations
inconsistent with our obligations to the great body of tax payers,
on whom the burden ultimately falls. The institutions for the
support of which they are made are, for the most part, purely
local. They belong to localities in which there are large accu-
mulations of wealth, and where private contributions may be
readily procured to sustain such as are deserving of sapport.
They are most invariably under the exclusive control of particular
religious societies, with some of which, a feeliagof jealousy and
a sense of injustice are naturally excited by any unequal distri-
bution of the public bounty among them. Moreover, it appears
to me to be a violation of every principle of equal justice to tax
307
the people of St. Ll^wrence and Alleghany, or any other remote
interior county or district, for the support of private or sectarian
charities in New York or other wealthy and populous cities.
The last legislature refused to make appropriations of public
money for these objects, and I hope you may consider their ex^
ample worthy of imitation.''
To these views also I heartily subscribe, and I believe the
statement of facts made by the distinguished governor of N^w
York are full of warning to the people of Wisconsin.
I might say much more if I deemed it important to go into a
full argument with an array of statistics against the propriety of
the proposed appropriations. I am aware that I have not' men-
tioned some things that, with many, have more influence than
anything I have alluded to I am confident that in my opposi-
tion I am not actuated by any feeling of unfriendliness to the in-
stitutions. It is not necessary to institute any comparisons
between them, but I have seen enough to entirely satisfy me
that they are doing a noble work among the poor and depen-
dent, that is an honor to the christian charity of Milwaukee.
The records of the working
YOUNG men's CHBISTIAN ASSOCIATIONS
Of the state will show that the money expended by them has
been used almost exclusively for the relief of the poor. No in-
considerable part of the charity disbursed by them is to a tran*
sient and non-resident class of people.
Besides these, various organizations are in existence in differ*
ent parts of the state for the relief of the poor and dependent.
Some aim to reach whole communities and some small portions,
while few, if any of them, are incorporated or own buildings.
Of necessity, therefore, their work of charity is less regular,
systematic and thorough. All over the state kind-hearted peo-
ple are associated in various ways to relieve the needy in their
immediate neighborhood or community.
308
WHO SHALL SAY
Where the burden falls most heavily, in the small com-
munity on the few, or in the large city, where by virtue of the
machinery of an incorporation, the expense per capita of pau-
pers is much reduced? Has it ever occurred to any one, that
it would be well to make appropriations from the state treasury
to the Young Men's Christian Associations of the state, or to
the other organizations mentioned, so as to assist them in their
work of charity? If such a proposition should be made to this
Board would we endorse it, or if made to the legislature would
it be entertained for a moment? Who shall say, whether in
either place the greatest blessing is^^njoyed by those who
bestow or by those who receive charity? The divine precept is
that ^^ it is more blessed to give than to receive," and this truth
is of pre-eminent application in the holy work of charity.
I doubt not that in common with the good people of other
portions of the State, the citizens of Milwaukee liberally sus-
tain churches, mission-schools, Young Men's Christian Associa-
tions, and various other institutions, corporate or otherwise,
that are 'ministering to the physical wants as well as to the
moral and intellectual necessities of the poor and dependent.
I would not knowingly say a word that would belittle or dis-
courage their works of benificence, but I believe I labor in the
true interests of the private charitable institutions of Milwau-
kee when I seek to prevent appropriations to them from the
Treasury of the State,
▲ 80-CALLBD CHABirT,
Bestowed without the accompanying application of a warm
heart, utterly fails to accomplish the highest mission of charity.
True, it supplies for the moment the physical wants of the reci-
pient, but it does not even tend to raise him above the need of
future help, because it has failed to reach his better nature. The
tangible gift of charity, must be accompanied with the intan-
gible spirit of charity, in order to work out the highest results
309
of benificence. Thus we find in our state institutions, those
who have been blessed by the noble charities of the state, until
with a dictatorial spirit they have come to demand as their rights
what they ought to receive with the most profound gratitude.'^
Deeply regretting that I differ from all the other members of
the board on this important subject, and believing that we all
earnestly desire to do only what is right and best in the prem-
ises, I trust that the investigations of the year to come, will throw
such light upon this vexed question that we shall have no diffi-
culty in agreeing to such recommendations as will meet with the
hearty approval of the Legislature and of the people of the
state.
WILLARD MERRILL.
310
VI.— COMPARATIVE TABLES.
The following table will give the number of persons subsisted,
the total cost of subsistence, including the value of articles pro-
duced, with the yearly and weekly cost^er capita in the state
institutions, some of the Milwaukee institutions, and some of
the county poor-houses, for the year 1872:
Kame of Instttntion.
Wisconsin Hospit*! for Insane
State Prison
Institation for Blind
Ins't'tion for Deaf and Dumb
Industrial School for Boys . . .
Soldiers* Orphans' Home. . . .
St. Maiy's Hospital, Mil ....
St Rosa's ana St Joseph's
Orphan Asylum, Mil. . . .
Milwaukee Oxphan Asylum.
St Amelianus'Orphan AByl'm
Columbia county jPoor House
Dane county Poor House . . .
AT*g0Ko.
•abftifted.
448
201
•140
286
•195
48
187
59
78
89
66
Cost of flnbaiit-
ence for the year.
<|28,241 98
•14,672 65
»4,543 03
•7, 617 14
no, 864 18
10,549 10
•8, 181 07
»4,618 05
2,884 89
% 986 89
•1, 780 69
'8,200 00
Towly cost
per capita.
WklycQst
pereipite.
68 04
78 00
67 80
54 40
86 24
54 10
66 27
88 67
40 41
87 65
44 87
48 48
1214-
1404-
80<h
06
70-
04
27
64+
78-
72
85
98
1
1
1
1
1 To the amount given In the annual report of the insUtntion la added $8, MO, the esti-
mated Talne of the producta of the flum, including milk and pork, consnmcd.
s To the amomnt siTen in the annual report of the iniUtnUon la added the valne of tba
prodncta of the garden. Inclmdlng pork raiaed and oonanmed, tl,188 61.
* The average here given ia on a haaia of a vear of 19 montna.
^ To thi amount given in the report ia added Sl,00i 60, the valae of the prodncta of the
fkrm and garden, inclndlngmllk and pork oontnmed.
* To place thsae inatitntfona on the aame haala with the others in the compatiaoo, the
Talne of the prodncta of their gardena ahonld be added to theae amonnta,^clading value
of mUk, egga, etc , produced.
* Theae ^nrea are for the year 1871.
^ This amount inclndea the producta of the farm naed.
311
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313
VII.— CONCLUSION.
We regret the delay in the delivery of this report to the
legislature. The law requires this Board to give, in their report,
a *^ statement of the condition of each of the charitable and cor*
rectional institutions supported by the state, or receiving aid
from the state treasury, together Tidth their opinion of the ap-
propriations proper to be made for each for the following year,''
and this is something that cannot be intelligently done until we
have the opportunity of examining the annual reports of the dif-
ferent institutions.
The reports were not received from the printers this year
until in the month of December, one of them not until the last
week in the month, and another not until the second week in
January.
Our report was placed in the hands of the printers immediately
after we obtained possession of the reports of the state institu-
tions, but at the time of its reception by the printers, they were
so crowded by other work that some eight or ten days elapsed
before they could commence working on it. Since the work
was commenced it has progressed as rapidly as possible.
It will be the effort of the Board to prevent any such delay
in the printing of future reports.
CONTENTS.
Members and officers of the Board 8
Report to the Goyemor 4
Law defining powers and duties of the Board 6
Act to provide unifoon system of keeping books and accounts for
charitable and penal institutions of the state 10
Joint resolution of Senate and Assembly, No. 19 10
I-.EXTRACTS FROM RECORDS OP THE BOARD.
Visit to the new Hospital for the Insane at Elgin, 111 11
Secretary instructed to send Joint resolution No. 19 of the legislature
to Commissioner of State Prison and Superintendent of Hospital
for the Insane .' 12
Uniform system of keeping books and accounts of state institutions
referred to secretary, with instructions 12
Communication to committee on public buildings of the board of
supervisors of Milwaukee county 18
Meeting of superintendents of charitable and penal institutions at
Madison 18
Conference of the state board of charities of Illinois and the adjoin-
ing states, at Chicago 15
Proceedings of the conference 15
List of members and organization 16
Committee to report subjects for discussion, and their report 16
Committee to report views of the conference on subjects discussed,
and their report 17
Uniform system of keeping books and accounts adopted 20
Mr. Hendrickson granted leave of absence to attend the International
Penitentiary Congress in London f . . . . 28
Mr. Hendrickson commissioned by the Governor 28
Visit to Milwaukee Charitable Institutions 28
Annual meeting of the Board, in Madison 26
316
Mn. Lynde icqneited to prepare a paper on Indiutrial Sdiool for
Girls. M
Anmul Election of Officers 2S
Items of expenses of the Board 98
Items of expenses of tbe Secretary of the Board. 29
Chicago A Northwestem, KUwmiikee A Bl Panl, Western Union,
and West Wisconsin Railroads thanked 29
n.— POORHOU8ES.
Description and Tslne of, in prerions report 30
Large majority of counties without poor-honses 90
Fanning ontthe poor, to tiie lowest bidder 90
ProTided for, nnder town sjrstem 30
Connty system giren up and town system adopted by Clark Co 90
Sank county adopted county system 90
Report of the board on county poor-houses 30
Adams county poor-house 90
Brown.. . .•• do 81
Columbia ...do 81
Dane do 82
Fond du Lac. do 85
Grant do 85
Green do 86
Iowa do 87
Jefferson do 88
Kenosha . . . .do 88
La Fayette ..do 88
Marathon ... do 89
Milwaukee ..do 89
Monroe do 40
Ozaukee .... do 41
Pierce do 41
Racine do 41
Rock do 48
St. Croix do 44
Vernon do 44
Walworth . . .do 45
Washington.. do 46
Waukesha. ..do 46
Winnebago, .do 48
General remarks 48
317
III.-JAIL8.
Preyions report 60
Condition ^ 50
No Improvement 50
Difficulty is with the eystem 50
An entire and radical change needed 50
The system a disgrace 50
Discussed in previous report 50
Declaration of the conference of the State Boards of Illinois, Michi-
gan and Wisconsin 50
Brown county jail 51
Columbia. . . .do 51
Crawford. . . .do 52
Dane do '. 62
Dodge do 62
Fond du Lac. do 52
Grant do 53
Green do 53
Jefiferson do 54
Kenosha ,do 54
La Crosse. . . .do 54
La Crosse City lock up 56
Milwaukee county Jail 56
Milwaukee House of Correction 67
Monroe county jail. 69
Racine do 59
Sauk do 69
Sheboygan do 60
Yernon do 61
Walworth do 61
Waukesha do 61
Winnebago do 6^
IV.— MILWAUKEE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
Names of institutions receiving aid from the state 68
Amount appropriated to the different institutions 63
Propriety of these appropriations 66
A wide difference of opinion in relation to them 65
Facts presented to the legislature in regard to their plans and objects. 66
Their value and importance 66
Table showing their location, quantity of land owned, value of prop-
erty and debt 1 . . 68
(See errata at end cf the wlume,)
318
Table showing amount received from state, paid for subsistence, re-
ceived during the year, etc 09
Table showing current expenses for 1872, indebtedness, paid for other
purposes, on hand at close of year , 69
Tbble showing currerU expen$ei per capita, on whole population, on
patients or inmates, each, per year and per week 70
Table showing cost for 9ub$i$tenee perc^ita, on whole population^
on patients or inmates, each, per year and per week. 70
Table showing number of patients or inmates, nativity, residence,
etc 71
ST. MAKT'S HOflPITAJL.
Under control of Sisters of Charity 73
Act to incorporate the Sisters of Charity of St Joseph's 73
Historic sketch by Sibteb Mabt VnrcEirr 73
When and by whom established 73
Special object of the institution 79
Extract from letter of secretary of Board of Charities to Sister Mary
Vincent 79
More frill information asked for, viz : 79
A copy of contract with Treasury Department, Washington . . 79
A copy of constitution and rules of Sisters of Charity of £m-
mettsburg, Md., by which Sisters of Charity of St Joseph's,
Milwaukee, are governed
Extract from reply of Sister Mary Vincent 80
Constitution and rules of the society of Sisters of Charify of
St Joseph's, Emmettsburg, Md., do not belong to the public. 80
Economy practised in the institution 81
Table— Receipts and disbursements for 1872 82
Indebtedness, itemized \ 82
Whole number of patients 88
Whole number of paying patients 83
Amount received from paying patients 83
Average time in hospital 83
Residence of the patients, and nativity 83
Expenditures for current expenses 88
Daily average of patients 83
Amount paid for subsistence 83
Cost per capita per annum and per week 88
When visited by the State Board of Charities 88
Cost of buildings and improvements : 83
319
HILWATTKEE HOSPITAL.
An act in relation to 86
Preamble 85
Bee. 1. Corporate powers ► 85
2. Board of visitors— their duties 86
8. Officers shall make annual report 86
4. Life patrons 86
5. Exempt from taxation 87
6. Streets across the property 87
7. Gift or grant by legacy or subscription 87
Historic sketch by Rev. W. A, Passavant 87
By whom Hospital founded 88
Cost ot ten acres purchased ,. 88
Placed under care of the Institution of Protestant Deaconesses 88
The object of the hospital •. 88
Names of board of visitors 88
Duties of board of visitors 89
When commenced operation 89
Number of persons who have been received 89
Small pox cases one-fifth of whole number 89
Additional purchase of several acres 89
The totol cost 90
Upon whom its support depends 90
Aid rendered by Legislature 90
The main hospital building 90
Services of director and physicians gratuitous 90
Title of the property in 91
Amount due on the property 91
Reason for not givng financial report for 1872 91
Table.— Receipts and expenditures for 1871 92
Number and ages of patients for 1871 92
Of nationality and religion of patients for 1871 93
Number married and single, and color 98
Number <fured, improved, unimproved and died, for 1871.. . 98
Deaths. Diseases which caused their deaths 98
Table. — Number received from January 1st, to December lst,1872. . . 94
Nationality, color, married and single 94
Extract from communication received from Dr. J. K. Bartlett, phy-
sician of the hospital 94
Amount received for care of sick from city and from patients 94
Number of patients treated in 1871 and cost 95
Director, physicians, and nurses entitled to thanks 95
320
HOMX TOB THS nUEHDLSSfl.
Wben chartered 96
Act of Incorporation 96
Historic sketch of the Institution, by Miss M. Bulkchabd 101
When established— first meeting held 101
The officers of the institation 101
First building occupied 103
How it has been supported 102
Now holds its title clear 102
Location and value of property. 103
Objects of the institution 103
Number who have been relieved 103
The class of people relieved 103
Table — Beeeipti and expenditures 104
Donations received 104
Number of Catholics and Protestants received 106
The work of the institution peculiar 106
Extract from a record of the inmates 106
Residence and nativity of inmates 108
Time different inmates remain 108
The blessings conferred 108
When visited by the Board 108
Matron well qualified 109
Managed with economy 109
ST. BOBA'B AKD ST. JOBKPH^S OBPHAK ABTLUMS.
Under the control of one organization 109
Was incorporated in 1850 109
Certificate of incorporation of ** St. Rosa^s Orphan Society*' 109
Statements in relation to Asylum — furnished by Sister Camilla 110
Object of the institution Ill
Only girls received between six and sixteen years of age Ill
When established Ill
By whom established. How governed and supported Ill
Donations, earnings of children, amount received Ill
To whom accountable Ill
Names of officers 113
Location of property and ownership 113
Value of ground and building 113
Incumbrance, amount of, by whom held 113
Particular good accomplished by the institution 113
Number of children received since commencement 118
321
Statements in relation to St. Joseph's Asylum from Sister Camilla. . 113
Object of the institution 118
When established, land donated, location, building erected 114
How governed, and how supported 114
To whom accountable .., 114
Title to properly, and its value 115
Particular good accomplished by the institution 115
Table of receipts and expenditures for 1872 116
Statement of the situation of claims against the property 117
Table showing whole number of inmates for the year 1872 in the two
asylums 117
The number in each 118
Birth place of parents and children 118
Residence of children when received into asylums 118
Number of whole and half orphans 119
Ages of children 110
Daily average number in two asylums 119
Total expenditures of two asylums during past year 119
Cost per capita 119
Cost of subsistence for the year 120
Cost per capita 120
Extract from communication from Sisteb Cahilla 120
To whom trustees report 120
Employes for the care of the orphans 120
Donations of provisions 121
Asylums dependant for support on the poorer classes 121
They contribute four time per year 121
The economy practiced 121
Employments of the children 121
They acquire habits of neatness and order 121
When visited by the board 121
ST. AHELIANUS' ORFIIAN A8TLX7H.
Its Location. Incorporated und^r chapter 50, general laws of 1850.
Seel. Certificate to be made 122
2. Certificate to be filed with 123
8. Powers of corporation 128
4. Can receive donations, etc 128
5. No political or religious test 128
6. May hold real estate 128
The certificate of incorporation 124
21—0. & R. (Doc. 18.)
322
Information T^ommunicated by the Bev. Chas. Wapelhorst 125
How governed and names of directors. 125
Immediate charge entrusted to 12 Franciscan Sisters 125
Able and efficient male teachers procured 125
Hours of study 125
Location of the asylum 125
The property owned 1Z6
Yalue of ground and buildings 126
Special object of the asylum 126
Table of receipts and expenditures 126
Number in the institute during the year 127
Table showing birth place of parents and children and residence of
chUdren 127
The number at commencement of the year 128
The number admitted since, discharged, died and remaining t2S
The average number, whole and half orphans, and table of ages 128
Children, how disposed of 123
Total cost for current expenses and for subsistance 129
Cost per captia per year and per week 129
When visited by Board of Charities 129
Tbe location pleasant 129
Asylum doing much good 129
lOLWAUSSS OBPHAK ABTLUIC.
Act of incorporation. 180
Historic Sketch of the asylum by Mbs. Wh. P. Ltitdb 188
Origin of the asylum 188
When and where organized, officers elected 188
Fruits of the first year 184
Lotdonated on Marshall street, its value 184
Building erected, its cost 184
Members of the Board and Board of Councilors and Auditor. . . 184
Number of children admitted since organization 186
Average number the past year 186
The employes are matron, etc 186
Teacher, hours of school 186
Shop for cane seating chairs 187
Number of children learned the trade 187
Domestic arrangements 187
Children received from any part of the state 137
Table showing number of children received and discharged for 1872. 189
Birth place of parents 18 9
Residence and birth place of children 189
323
Table showing ages of the children 140
Receipts and expenditures 140
Cost per capita 141
Admirably managed institution '. 141
When yisited by the Board. Remarks 141
BEAHAlffS BETHEL HOME, MILWAUKEE.
Incorporated in 1868 142
Act of Incorporation 142
Histoiy of the Home 148
Reasons for its organization 148
Property fUmished 144
Price paid. Indebtedness incurred 144
Objects 144
Number in Home last year 144
Who are received 145
Answers to interrogations 145
Established in fall of 1868 146
Established by Wisconsin Seamans* Friend society 145
GoYemed by Board of 11 Directors 145
Supported by earnings and contributions 145
Report to annual meeting of Society in December 145
Membership fee 145
Names of officers : 145
Description of property and location and value 145
Title is in Wisconsin Seamens Friend Society 145
Incumbrances 146
Financial report. Receipts and expenditures 146
Report of the Chaplain 146
Number entertained during the year 146
Self sustained during last six months 146
When Ytsited by the Board of Charities 147
Institution is a most excellent one. Remarks 147
V. STATE CHARITABLE AND CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Table showing their cost to the present time 148
Dietaries in public institutions: Extract from the report of the
Board of Charities of the State of New York 160
Grave error 151
An ignorant prejudice 162
Sources of glandular degeneration.. 158
324
In reUrtioD to regetablet — fhe sUrch group used to excess IS
The regalstioo of food accardiog to gfiwonal neoessitis IS
Tlie poffibilitf of improring our public dietaries IS
A few articles which might be introdaced IS
The soggestions preseDted will attract attention 154
Improvemttit in health of inmates IS
Bedoction in cost of subsistence. IS
wiscovsnr Hnrnmos worn the kdccatiox of thx buxd.
Knmber of papils in the institution 15S
ATerage attendance larger than in 1871 155
Current expenses considerably less than in 1871 155
do do and cost of subsistence for 1871 and 1872. 155
Table, showing a comparison between quantitj and cost of some of
the leading articles IS
Amount paid tor salaries and wages 157
Arerage cost per pupil 157
Table of receipts and disbursements 157
Special expenditures 158
Estimates for 1873 IS
Appropriations recommended 159
The institution yisited by the Board IS
Ever3rthing in a satisfactory condition IS
Teachers well qualified 100
Accomplishing a good work 160
WT8COK8IK IKSTITUnOK FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AKD DUMB.
Whole number of pupils during the past year 160
Table of expenditures in 1871 100
Table of expenditures in 1872 161
Decrease in expenditures the last year 161
Cost of subsistence for 1871 aad 1873 161
Average cost per capita 161
Comparison between 1871 and 1872, in cost of bread stuffs 162
Amount and cost of some of the leading articles in 1871 and 1872. . . 163
Statement of receipts 164
Estimates for 1878 164
Appropriation for an enlargement asked for 166
Recommended that the trustees prepare a plan, estimates and cost. . . 166
Visited by the board of charities during the year 166
Closing exercises of the school June 13th, 1872 166 to 169
Favorable impressions confirmed 169
325
High appreciation of the Principal 169
Trustees fortunate in securing his services 169
WISCOKSm 8TATB HOSPITAL FOR THE IITSANE.
Visits by the board of charities during the year 169
Table showing population of the hospital for 1873 170
Table showing whole number of patients each year, average number
at end of each year, annual expense of each patient per year
and week for each year, since the hospital has been in operation. 171
Table showing for each year the whole number admitted, discharged,
recovered, improved, unimproved, died, tieated and their sex,
and number remaining at end of the year from July 14, 1860, to
Sept 1873 171
Number at the close of the year regarded as incurable, and number
curable 172
Amount expended for current expenses the past year 173
Average number of patients and average number of all subsisted, ex-
clusive of visitors * . . . 173
Table showing entire expenditures as classified by superintendent. . . 173
Table showing expenditures for subsistence 178
Table sho.wing comparison between quantity and cost of leading
articles used in 1871 and 1873 178
Table showing detailed statement of expenditures audited by the
board of trustees 175
Table showing productions of the farm and garden and their value 176
Yearly and weekly cost per capita 177
Estimates for current expenses for the year ending January 1, 1874. . 177
Additional appropriations needed, estimates 177
Laundry and building attached to the coal house destroyed by fire. . 178
The resignation of Dr. McDill 179
The employment of a steward 180
The character of attendants ^ 180
Extract from the report of Dr. McDill 180
Properly qualifled attendants 180
Extract from report of Dn. W. H. Rockwell 181
Patients greatly affected by character of their attendants 181
Extract from report of Dr. W. H. Prince 181
Influence of attendants, powerful for good or evil 181
Extract from report of Dr. Eirkbride 183
Good intentions, not enough to make good attendants 183
Tact indispensable 183
Nothing of more importance to a hospital , . 188
a26
Gumot be procured for the wages now pud 18S
This question should not torn npon the matter of cost 18S
Mainobjectsof a hospital for the insane 184
What then shall be done? 184
Commend this matter to the legislature and the people 184
nnxrsTRiAi. school fob bots.
Number of inmates during the past year 185
Statistics as to the inmates 185
Nationality of the parents 188
Birth place of the children 186
Number having parents 186
Average No. in school during the year 186
Average cost, per capita 186
Reports and disbursements 186
Table, comparison between quantity and cost of leading articles pur-
chased in 1871 and 1872 187
Table of current expenses 188
of farm products consumed, and value 189
List of officers and employes, occupation, time and amount paid. . . • 190
Managers' estimate for the ensuing year 191
An appropriation for enlarging main building 191
Institution crowded to overflowing 192
Number of visits by the Board 193
Confinement for crimes 193
Number, small in comparison 193
Number since its organization 193
Large number gone out reformed 193
Industrial school shutting off supply of inmates for the state prison . 193
Mr. Hendrickson, superintendent 198
A position tiying to physical and mental energies 193
Importance of providing assistance 194
SOLDIERS* ORPIIAKS* HOMS.
Number in the Home during the year 194
Amount exi>ended last year 194
Table, detailed statement of expenditures 195
salaries and wages 199
comparison between prices of leading articles purchased in
1871 and 1872 200
Average number in the Home 200
Com per capita , 200
327
Amount of last yearns appropriation unexpended 201
Appropriation recommended 201
Institution visited 201
Charges against the management of the Home 201
To he investigated hy the legislature 202
Reason charges not investigated hy this Board 202
Views presented in last year's report 202
Endorsed hy last year's legislature 202
Action of trustees under law of last year 208
Report of Col. Pier, secretary of trustees 208
Importance of regular employment ' 205
Action of the superintendent 205
Labor performed hy the children 206
When and how shall the Home he closed? 207
Views of the trustees 207
Views of former president of trustees •. 207
Comments on these views 207
Importance of family influence 209
Plan for disposing of the children 209
Plan embraced in a bill introduced to the Senate last year 209
The normal condition of the child is in the family 211
The highest good of the children should be consulted 211
What can be done with children remaining 212
STATE PBI8017.
Number of convicts in prison, etc 218
Receipts-of the prison for 1872 218
Disbursements of prison for 1872 , 214
Cost of subsistence * ** * 216
Comparison between cost of leading articles in 1871 and 1872 217
Average prison population, cost per capita, etc 218
Personal property on hand, 1871 and 1872 219
Comparison of business of shops, 1871 and 1872 220
Amount paid for officers' services 228
Products of prison garden and farm lot 224
Various comparisons between prisoners 225
Congugal relations, sex, nativity, habits, color and ages 225
Educational relations, religious instruction, crimes 226
Terms of sentence 227
Indebtedness ef prison 227
Appropriation for next year 280
Importance of change in management of prison 280
Treatment of prisoners 280
328
The chief wants of the prison 281
Nnmber and duties of employes 281
Changes recommended 288
NOBTHEBN HOSPITAIi FOB INBAKB.
Amount of appropriations .. 284
Contracts awarded 284
Expenditures 285
Balance of appropriations not used 236
Amounts that will be due contractors 236
Amount at disposal of trustees 236
Appropriations for next year 287
Amount available for next year 287
Hospital visited 238
VI.— STATISTICS.
Difficulties in the way of procuring reliable statistics 239
Table in relation to insane persons in towns 240
Number of insane in the state needing hospital treatment 24B
Table showing number of insane in poor houses 250
Table giving names, etc., of deaf and dumb persons under 25 years. . 251
Table giving names, etc., of blind persons under 25 years 255
Table showing residence, age, etc., of idiots under 25 years 257
Comments on table ■, 261
Table showing number ot idiotic, blind, deaf and dumb and epilep-
tics in poor houses, 1870, 1871 and 1872 268
Table showing number of persons in poor houses, and number re-
leived out of poor houses, cost, etc 263
Comments on table 266
Table showing number of children in poor houses, etc 267
Table showing number of persons in poor houses, 1870, 1771 and 1872,
and number Dec. 1, 1872, sex, nativity, etc 268
Table showing number confined in jail, average time of confinement,
cost, etc 270
Table showing number of witnesses confined, number of persons
convicted, number acquitted, sex, nativity, etc 271
Table showing number of licenses granted for sale of intoxicating
liquors, etc \ 274
329
VII.— MISCELLANEOUS.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOB GIBLB.
Mrs. Lynde requested to prepare a paper. 277
Mrs. Lynde's report 277
Judge Mallory's paper 282
KEKPINO OF THE BOOKS ASD AOCOTTirrS OF THB STATB CHABITABLB
AJXD COBBBCTIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
The first action taken by the Board 285
Meeting of Superintendents 286
One matter in relation to which all were not agreed 286
Suggestions of the Board..'. 286
Views of legislative committee of 1872 287
Change of views of members of the Board 288
The law a wise one 288
State institutions large and important 289
Should all have book-keepers or accountants 289
Full statistics from State Prison 289
Fears that the detailed statement would bd laborious and expensive.. 289
Some expeiience in relation to the matter 289
Results 290
JOINT BE80LUTI0N, NO. 19, SENATE, 1872.
Native and foreign born in Hospital for Insane 291
State Prison 291
Poor-houses 291
Jail records defective 291
Native and foreign bom in jails 292
in state prison from organization 292
in hospital for insane from organization 292
MBS. LYNDE*8 BEPOBT OF VISIT TO CONNECTICUT INDUSTBIAL SCHOOL
FOB OIBLS.
Mrs. Lynde requested to make the visit 298
report 298
Institution on " cottage plan " 268
€k>vemment, etc., similar to school at Waukesha 298
Girls do the work 294
Girls make paper boxes 294
Interesting institution 294
330
AFFBOnUATIOKB TO THB MILirAUKKE CHAJUTABLB ISbTiTLTlOXB.
Meeting held for consideration of the question.
Proceedings of the meeting
Appropriations recommended to these institutions
Proceedings to be published in report
Mr. Merrill gaye notice of his intention to file his objectioDs U> the
action of the board
Paper prepared 1>7 minority of the board.
Mr. Merrill's paper containing his objections to the action of the \
nugoritjr 298 "
■
1
OOXPABATITE TABLB8.
Table showing Uie number of persons subsisted, cost of subsistence,
including yalue of articles produced, with the yearlj and
weekly cost per capita, in the state institutions, some of the
Milwaukee institutions, and some of the poor houses 310
Table showing the quantity of beef and price, the quantity of pork
and other meats, ef poultry and fish, used in the state institu-
tions during the year, and the aggregate of all the articles con-
sumed ; 811
Table showing the number of pounds per capita for the year, tiie
aggregate quantity used per week and per day, and the amount
per capita of meat, etc. ; also the amount of butter, the cost per
pound, and the quantity used daily per capita, and the amount
of flour and breadstufls used, the ayerage cost, and the amount
used daily per capita 312
COKCLXJSION.
Reasons for delay in printing report 313
ERRATA.
Page 68. 12tli line from top, for " St. Amelianas '* read St Amelianos'.
66. 4th line from top of the page, for " quality," read quantity.
68. Statistics of Milwaukee charitable institutions :
In the column showing the ^^ Debt " of the institutions the fol-
lowing changes should be made :
St AmelianuB* Orphan Asylum should show a debt of $2,100.
Home for the Friendless, the debt of $3,000 should not be there*
There should also be the following additional statement:
Milwaukee Hospital, located in the western part of the city,
owns 10 or 12 acres of land, value of $17,000— debt $8,000.
The column headed *' quantity of land," 4th line from top, for
Hi read ittrtr-
70. 6th line from the bottom,— Milwaukee Orphan Asylum, cost of
subsistence, in place of '"$38.04" read $40.41, and in place of
"78 cts," read 78 cents.
92. The footings of miscellaneous expenditures should be $8,495.27.
128. In the column of figures, 4th line from top, for " 62 " read 82
185. Ist line from top, for " Councilers" read Councilors.
141. 8th line from top, read cost per capita $40.41 per year, or 78
cents per week.
160. 16th line from top, for " EPPEKDITURES " read EXPEND.
ITURES.
18th line from top, for '*80 boys and 67 girls," read 82 boys and
62 girls.
172. 2d line from top, for " 270 " read 290.
178. 6th line in table of subsistence, for ** meat " read fruit
196. The footing of miscellaneous expenditures shoidd be $1,140.49*
216. The total footing of subsistence, should be $18,556.87.
265. In the footings of the table, 6th column, read 1,929 instead of
" 1,999," and in the 8th column, read 1,988 instead of " 988.''
In footings of cost in poor houses, 12th column, instead of
** $48,421.56," read $44,571.43; and in the next, 18th column,
" cost out of poor houses," instead of ** $100,811.89," read
$99,162.02.
SPECIAL NOTE.
After the report was through the pr^^s, except the last
form, the reports from the Milwaukee county poor-house for the
years 1871 and 1872, came to hand. The delay in sending* in
the reports was one of the results of the unsettled state of
things that have existed in that establishment during the past
few months.
The main items of the report for 1871 are as follows:
Whole number of paupers in the poor-houses during the year 155
Males 90
Females ', 65 ....
155
Average number 140
Whole number of insane 89
Hales 10
Females 29
89
Expense of the poor-house for the year |15, 718 10
The main items of the report of the year 1872, are as follows:
Whole number in the poor-house during the year 185
Average number 150 .
Expense for the year $14,755 83
The statistics of the poor-house on the 31st day of December,
1872, was as follows:
Whole number in the house 185
Males 106 ....
Females 79 ....
185
333
Native bom 10 .
Foreign bom 175 ...'.
18{5
Children under 20 years of age 27
Males 16 ....
Females 11 ....
_27
Number of insane 58
Males 20
Females 33
_68
Number that ought to be in a hospital for the insane 6
Number of idiots 6
Males 1 ....
Females 5
6
Under 20 years of age 5
Number of blind 1
Deaf and dumb, 1 ; male, 25 years of age ; should be in the institute sX
Delavan.
Number of epipleptics 10
Hales 8 ....
Females 7 ....
10
r
i
1
DOCUMENT Ao. 15.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Commissioner of Immigration
OF THB
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
For the year 1872.
To His Excellency^ Governor Washburn:
In accordance with the requirements of law, I hereby have
the honor of submitting my second annual report as Commis-
sioner of Immigration.
I have appointed the following county committees to collect
and forward to me information as to the resources of their re-
spective counties:
COITNTT GOMMITTSBS.
Namx.
C. A. Capron )
J. Williams [
A. O. Holm )
John W.Bell )
John Morrison >-
Joseph Riel )
W.J.Smith )
Orville Brayton >■
Oliver Demars )
J. D. Cruttenden \
Nelson Dronillard [
N. La Bante )
G. W. Watson )
John v. Suydam >-
Dominic Hunt )
N.Phillippi
John Bensch
John W. De Graff
Arthur Connolly
Theo. Kerston
Herman Geyso
Wm. Kichhrdson )
D. W. Campbell [
L. C. Stanly )
R. Dewhurst
T B. Philpott
O.W.King
Thomas Yule )
O. A. Southmaid )
Nicholas Smith )
J. R. Hurlbut J
Wm. Oestrich
Henry Bertram
James Higgins
Peter Zenner
J. P. Simon
O. A. Masse
P.O. Address.
Adams —
Ashland . .
Barron . . .
Bayfield. .
Brown . . .
Buffalo. . .
Calumet. .
Chippewa
Clark . . . .
Columbia
Crawford .
Dodge . . .
Door
Friendship.
La Pointe.
Barron.
Bayfield.
Green Bay.
Alma.
Chilton.
Chippewa Falls.
( Neillsville.
■J Loyal.
( Humblrd.
Portftge City.
Prairie du Ghien.
Juneau.
Sturgeon Bay.
8
CoufUy CommiUees — continued.
Nams.
D. G. Morrison.
Richard Relf . . .
Thomas Clark..
Mr. Pinch . . .
S. B. French.
C. M. Bonnell
S. C. Putnam...
Martin Daniels.
H. C. Putnam . .
J. DeNeveu
J. H. Evans .
John Cover .
Geo. McFall
Samuel Louis
T. Jacob Tschndy.
A. L. Cleveland . . .
M. H. Powers
Richard Dunstan
Orville Strong . .
Henry Madden. .
S. W. Bowman.
W. S. Darrow..
G. M. Adams . .
HenryColonins
P. C.Kelley....
K. P. Clark ....
T. J. Hinton . .
G. R. Nichols.
A. O. Wright. .
F. Newell
Jason Lathrop,
Edw. Bach
Wm. N. Perry . . ,
Henry Bergmann.
L. Wachenheimer
J. S. Simanton . . .
P. S Elwell
T. C. Mackay
Lars E. Johnson . .
Wm. M. Newcomb
Douglas.
Dunn
Eau Claire.
Fond du Lac
Grant
Green.
Green Lake. . .
Iowa
Jackson.
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse.
La Fayette
P.O. AddretB.
Superior City.
Menominie.
Eau Claire.
Fond du Lac.
( Plattville.
•j Lancaster.
( Lancaster.
Monroe.
Dartford.
Dodgeville.
Black River Falls.
Jefferson.
C Mauston.
•< Mauston.
( New Lisbon.
( Paris.
{ Kenosha.
I Carlton.
•] Ahnapee.
( Ahnapee.
La Crosse.
Darlington.
County Committees — continued.
Name.
G. W. Burnett.
Fred'k Schultz
Nels I. Gilbert
W. C. Silverthorn.
B. Ringle
N. B. Thayer
S. A. Pease
J. W. Tarr
L. Johnson . . .
L. E. Amidon
Huff Jones
A. B. Wheelock
R.L.Hall
A. Branillard
A. B. Everts
W. H. Lamphear.
Gustav GkBtz
Peter Bucholtz . .
Joseph Albrecht
S/A. Foster.
S. P. Crosby
L. D. Baker.
C. W. Bramer.
E. Burnett . . .
H. B. Warner
August Bey 1....
M. C. Pedersen
•0. E. Mears
JQL D. Barron . .
J. Philips
A. M. ]N elson
John Bamen. .
.J. F. Johnson.
James Tinker.
J. Wadsworth...
L. A. Hatch
J. H. Waggoner
H. V. Dearborn.
. Jas. BinUiff. . . .
I. M. Bennett . .
• ••• ■••• m • • ^
iiiiiil
I
\
I
I
• •••••• •■•••• I
i
\
1
Manitowoc.
Marathon
Marquette.
Monroe
Ocopto
Outagamie
Ozaukee.
Pepin
Pierce,
Polk
Portage ....
Racine.
Richland.
Rock.
P. O. Address.
Manitowoc.
Wausau.
Montello.
Sparta.
Oconto.
Appleton.
Port Washington.
Durand.
Ellsworth.
Farmington Cent'r.
Luck.
Osceola Mills.
L St. Croix Falls.
( Stevens Poinl
I Amherst.
Racine.
Richland Center.
( Beloit
•< Janesyille.
( Svansville.
County Committees — continued.
Name.
Geo. R Hughes
J. C. Spooner
H. S. Clapp
Wellington Gregory.
Peter Byrne
B. G. Paddock
A. Fisher
Chas. Simnicht...
D. H. Pulcifer . . .
F. A.Delaglies...
Marion Wescott. .
W. G. Donaldson.
J. H. Denison,
Henry L. Bunn.
Henry
D. W. Wade . .
A. K. Wyman.
William Nelson
Nathan Coe....<
J. R. Carson
David Williams
Frank Lei and ..
E. D. Coe
Francis A. Wall
Geo. L. Arndt. . ,
Geo. Ott
John E. Sebold . .
John Graham
John G. Schmidt
J. Wakefield,
R P. Colt....
R. J. Judd ....
Luther Buxton
£. Heath
Samuel Erunmer:
H. H. Crampton.
L. P. Powers
Canute Anderson.
T. Reymert
Wm. H. Bech . . . ,
I
\
\
St. Croix
Sauk
Shawano
Sheboygan
Trempealeau ....
Vernon
Walworth
Washington
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara
Winnebago
Wood
Burnett
P. O. AddresB.
^Hudson.
Hudson.
Hudson.
^ Pylon.
( Reedsburg.
< Baraboo.
( Baraboo.
r Shawano.
Shawano.
Shawano.
Shawano.
Pulcifer.
Sheboygan Falls.
Galesville.
Viroqua.
( Darien.
\ Elkhorn.
( Whitewater.
West Bend.
Waukesha.
Fremont.
Poysippi.
Oshkosh.
Grand Rapids.
( Anderson.
< Grantsburg.
( Grantsburg.
6
I sent the following
CIBCULAB,
Properly filled out, to each member of such committees:
«^ Office of Commissioneb of Immigration^,
" Milwaukee, Wis., , 187 .
cc ^ WiBcomin:
*'*' Dear Sib: I herewith send you appointment as a member of
the county committee on immigration, under the provis-
ions of chapter 155, general laws of 1871, as follows:
*' ' Section 9. The commissioner shall have authority to ap-
point in each county a committee, consisting of three members,
to assist him in the performance of his duties, and may remove
any of the members of such committee and appoint others in
their stead.
" ' Section 10. It shall be the duty of the county committee
to make duplicate lists of the names and post office address of
such friends and relatives of the inhabitants of their respective
localities as are living in the eastern states and in Europe, and
to retain one list and send the other list to the commissioner.
" ' Section 11. The commissioner shall forward to the county
committees a sufficient amount of pamphlets to supply all the
persons named in the foregoing lists, with postage sufficient to
carry them to their finald estination, and the county commmittee
shall forward the pamphlets by mail to the persons named in
their list, or use other means to distribute said pamphlets, if
deemed best.
" ' Section 12. The county committee shall act under the in-
struction of the commissioner, and shall report to him such in-
formation in regard to their respective counties as he may de-
sire, to enable him to perform his duties under this act.
V ^ SeOtion 13. Each county committee shall have the right,
when so ordered by the board of supervisors of their county,
to cause to be printed, information setting forth the advantages
of their county and localities therein, and to have such printed
information attached to and forwarded by mail with the pamph-
lets sent to their county, the expense of which shall be charge-
able against said county.
" ' Section 14. The county committees shall be entitled to
receive no compensation from the state for their service, but
their expenses for postage shall be allowed by the commissioner
and included in his account therefor.'
" I hope that you will earnestly co-operate with me, that the
objects of the law may be faithfully carried out. It is essential
that we gather into a compact form accurate information con-
cerning the resources of the state. I have printed on the en-
closed blanks some questions, which I trust you will answer and
return to me at your earliest convenience. Should there be too
small space for answering some of them, you can write on a
separate sheet, merely noting the number of the question.
Please also add any information you may have touching matters
of importance not mentioned in the questions.
" It is important that full and accurate information of your
county should be obtained, and should you be unable to give
this subject the time and attention it deserves, you will do a
favor by immediately notifying me of that fact, and at the same
time suggest some person whom you think will be able and
willing to ser ve. The fact that your county may be well settled,
and can, as a consequence, hold out no special inducements to
immigrants, is no reason why this report should not be made.
It is of interest to the state, and will contribute to its welfare
to have the statistics from the old counties as well as the new
given, and just as completely and fully. It is the earnest desire
of the commissioner that this office shall bring good results to
the state, and with the hearty co-operation of all the county
committees, and of all others who have information to impart,
this can be done.
" I have caused to be printed pamphlets in England, Germany
Norway, Sweden and Belgium, setting forth the advantages of
this state; and if the committee or other responsible parties will
furnish me names and post office address of parties in either of
8
those countries whom they desire should have these pamphlets,
I will have them sent without delay.
" If convenient for you, I would very much prefer to have tlie
information furnished set forth in a connected communication ,
as I can sometimes have that published in newspapers, which,
very much enhances the value of the information. Then a^ia,
one who is well acquainted with everything and place in the
county can write about it much better than one who is not, even
though he have facts and figures before him. In this case, the
questions sent enclosed will serve as a reminder as to what is
wanted. If you cannot furnish the communication as desired,
then answer every question as fully and completely as possible.
" The other members of the committee are , of ,
and , of , with whom you will please confer.
" Hoping that you will give the subject of this circular you r
immediate attention, I am
*' Yours respectfully,
" O. C. JOHNSON,
^^Oofnmissioner of Immigraticn for the state of Wisconsin^
The following are the printed questions referred to in the
above circular, a copy of which, with proper space intervening
for answers, was also sent to each member of the committees:
" Statement of Resoueces, etc., of County^ State of Wis-
consin^ furnished hy , of .
" 1. General topography of the country, flat, rolling, hilly or
swampy.
" 2. General quality of the soil.
" 3. How much land in the county, and how much of it under
cultivation?
" 4. How much of the balance capable of cultivation?
^' 5. How much of the land is owned by actual settlers, and
the average price of such land?
" 6. How much of the land is owned by the state, and what is
the price and quality, and in what part of the county located?
" 7. How much is owned by the general government, subject
to entry under the homestead law; what is the quality, and
what part of county located?
" 8. How much is owned by railroad, canal or other companies;
the price and quality; in what part of the county located; and
by what companies owned?
" 9. What are the facilities for water power; where located;
to what extent improved, and capability of being further im-
proved?
" 10. Minerals. What kinds of ore, if any, and to what ex-
tent do they prevail? To what extent are mines worked, and
by whom owned? How much mineral was taken out this last
year?
"11. What kind of timber prevail?
"12. Any slate beds; any marble or valuable stone quarries;
any brick yards or valuable clay? If so, note particulars.
" 13. What streams traverse the county, navigable and other-
wise?
"14. What lakes in the county, and how large?
" 15. To what extent do fish and game abound, and of what
kinds?
" 16. What are railroad facilities, present and prospective?
" 17. What are the principal sources of industry? (If agricul-
ture, state the principal crops raised, and how much of each the
past year, the number of acres, and amount per acre; if lumber-
ing, state the amount the past year; and if manufacturing, then
state the number, kind, and the product of each factory, as near
as can be ascertained.)
" 18. Sources of industry yet undeveloped, and capable of
development? (Be particular in mentioning places, and if manu-
facturing, then state the kind, and about the amount of capital
required.)
" 19. State in regard to climate, water and general healthful-
ness.
" 20. General remarks. (Under this head gjve all infornlation
not called for in any of the previous questions. Give names
and post office address of reliable parties who are willing to look
10
up and locate lands for parties wishing to settle, and of whom
further information can be obtained as to particular localities.)*'
Most of these questions, as will be perceived, are intended to
draw out information about the newer and less settled portion of
our state. It is my intention in the future to add such questions
as properly answered shall give information also about the older
and more settled counties of the state, their progress in wealth
and population, the condition of society, of churches and schools,
and in fact of everything that can give a correct idea, not only
of the natural resources of the country, but also the condition of
the people in every respect.
The facilities for getting such information are at present very
imperfect, however. True, the commissioner appoints his c >m-
mittee for each county, but it is left with the committee whether
they pay any attention to the request or not, and a good many
of those who do, do it in such a poor manner that there is but
little help in it.
I think that it could be made the duty of certain of the county
officers, say the county clerk, surveyor and register of deeds to
make a report to the commissioner on or before a certain date
every year, embracing such information as he shall require, upon
blanks furnished by him. In this way he could get a fund of
statistical information that would be of great value, and which,
published yearly, would exhibit the advantages of the state in a
more complete manner than can now be done. I would respect-
fully call the attention of the legislature to the desirability of
amending the law so as to conform with these suggestions.
I also issued the following circular to the press of the state,
and sent one properly filled out, and a copy of the circular, to
committees, and printed questions to very nearly every newspa-
per in the state. Very many have responded to my request,
for which they are hereby tendered my heartfelt thanks:
" To the Ifewspaper Press of Wisconsin :
^* In order to obtain reliable information about the resources
of this state, I have caused enclosed questions and circular to
11
be sent to all the members of county committees, to the mayors
of cities, and the presidents of the principal towns in the state.
In this way I am collecting much valuable information. But it
has occurred to me that there is yet another medium, perhaps
more valuable than all the others, and through which still more
may be learned, viz: the Press. There is scarcely a county in
the state that has not one or more newspapers within its bounda-
ries, and the proprietors of these are, perhaps, more interested
in the rapid growth and development of their section than any
other class of people, for the advancement and prosperity of
their business is dependent directly upon the settlement and
development of the country. As a natural consequence, the
newspapers frequently contain articles — editorial or communi-
cated— upon their immediate locality, and setting forth its
advantages. What I desire is, that editors or pu))lishers of
papers will send me copies of such as contain valuable informa-
tion concerning the resources of all kinds, developed and unde-
veloped, of their locality.
^^ I can use such information for my reports and pamphlets,
and some of it for republication in the newspapers of the Old
World, thus giving it a wider circulation than the local press
possibly can.
" The county committee for county, consists of the fol-
lowing persons:
" If you will please call attention to this fact in your columns,
and also state that information coming from all reliable parties
is at all times acceptable, you will greatly oblige,
" Yours respectfully,
" O. C. JOHNSON,
" Commissioner of Immigration for the State of Wisconsin.
" Ofpicb: 133 Fourth Street, Milwaukee,"
No one agency tends so much toward the rapid building up of
the state as the building of railroads. The northern portion of
this state has been sadly neglected heretofore in this respect,
but the last two or three years has witnessed great changes.
The completion of the Wisconsin Central Railroad, which
12
is now being rapidly pushed forward, will open large tracts to
settlement which have been heretofore almost unknown, or have
been so far removed from any facilities for transportation that
for all practical purposes they have been useless. Vast depos-
its of minerals, too, will be opened on the completion of this
road, which will add very largely to our wealth and prosperity.
The completion of the Milwaukee and Northern Railroad to
Shawano, and thence to lake Superior, will also open a very-
large and rich country to settlement. It has long been a well
known fact that there are in Shawano and Oconto counties many
hundred thousands of acres of good farming lands that will now
be very speedily taken up by actual settlers.
The building of the Green Bay and Lake Pepin Railroad, too,
will hasten the settlement of a country along its route, and raise
the values -of all kinds of property.
It is very much to be hoped that the railroads contemplated
from the Mississippi to Lake Superior, in the northwestern part
of the state, may be speedily built, and thus open up a country
there which otherwise must remain a wilderness for many years
to oome.
IMMIGBANTS.
The following is the number of immigrants that arrived at
Milwaukee, from April 1, to December 1 :
Nationalitt.
Norwegians
Germans
Swedes
Danes
English
Irish
French (Belgians)
Russians •
Total
For
WiBCODBln.
4,096
1,665
73
872
97
12
83
6,098
other
States.
5,198
752
862
178
29
14
8
6,586
^tal.
9,289
2,417
435
550
126
26
83
8
12,984
13
The following is the report for Chicago, from May 1, to Sep*
tember 1:
Natiokalttt.
Norwegians
Germans . . .
Swedes
Danes
English . . . .
Irish
Italians
Total
For
Wieconsin.
1,057
8,525
477
285
54
6
5,404
other
States.
3,124
9,127
2,126
769
498
114
46
15, 799
Total.
4,181
12,652
2,603
1,054
547
120
46
21,203
Taking Milwaukee and Chicago together, the report is as
follows:
Nationalttt.
Norwegians
Germans
Swedes
Danes
English
Irish
French (Belgians).
Russians
Italians
Total
For Wis-
consin.
5,153
6,190
550
657
151
18
83
11,802
other
States.
8,317
9,879
2,488
947
522
128
8
46
22,835
Total.
13,470
15,069
8,038
1,604
673
146
83
8
46
84,137
14
In order to show the increase of immigration this season, over
last, I append the aggregate report for last year, as follows:
NAnONALITT.
Norwegians
Germans
Swedes
Danes
English
Irish
Welsh
French (Belgians)
Russians
Finianders
Hollanders
Bohemians
Bernese
Total
For Wis-
consin.
Other
SUtea.
8,558
2,717
514
417
155
59
18
435
7
14
106
116
10
8,579
2,775
1,825
141
449
12
82
8,121
18,813
ToCaL
12,138
5,4^
2,339
558
604
71
18
435
7
46
106
116
10
21,934
By a comparison of these reports it wi|l be seen that the im-
migration to Milwaukee and Chicago has been considerably
larger this year than last, and that the number of those who
have settled in this state also considerably exceeds that of last
year. As the arrivals are not reported for the whole season,
and as immigrants also arrive at other ports, to some extent,
than Milwaukee and Chicago, I estimated that 10,000 were
destined to this state last year. According to the same estim-
ate there would be about 14,000 of this class of arrivals this
year.
Many of the immigrants, especially from Norway, have here-
tofore came by sail vessel to Quebec. The advantage in this
has been the much lower rates at which the sail vessels cany
immigrants; but there are a great many disadvantages, among'
which is the much longer time consumed upon the ocean, and
the greater deprivations to which the immigrant is subject.
Latterly, the steamship fares have been very much reduced, and
in consequence thereof the numbers who come by sail vessels
are constantly growing less and will soon cease altogether. By
steamship the immigrant saves about a month in time, which
15
here is very valuable, and is also very much less liable to dis-
eases resulting from an overcrowded and uncleanly state of the
vessel.
I appointed Mr. P. Langland as agent for the state in Chi-
cago, and he served as such from May 1 to September 1, at
a salary of $75 per month. The duties of immigrant agent in
Chicago are peculiary unpleasant and trying. The immigrants
arrive by many different routes from the east, and immediately
on their arrival are beset by runners and boarding house keep-
ers, the most of whom are a very unscrupulous set of men, and
swindle their victims without mercy. Without any adequate
aid from the city or police authorities, it is in fact very little
that the agent is able to do. Mr. Lane^land has, however, done
as well as it was possible to do under the circumstances, and is
entitled to thanks for his unwearying efforts in behalf of the im-
migrants coming to Chicago. It would seem that the city au-
thorities should take some steps toward the protection of the
immigrants who come to and pass through that city. Self inter-
est alone, it would seem, should dictate such a course,]even if all
questions of humanity and justice are left out of consideration,
for the treatment received there will be reported back to the
old countries, and every person taught to shun such a place.
In Milwaukee there has been very little, if any swindling of
immigrants during the past season. There is no doubt but there
are some who would be glad to profit by them, but by constant
vigilance and repeated warnings they have been kept at bay. The
police authorities here are entitled to thanks for the aid which
they are ready to extend the commissioner at all times.
Mr. Wm. Abell has been my assistant and has rendered valu-
able service. I have also employed another man to assist a
part of the time. Both of these without expense to the state.
Mr. A. Fermann has acted as agent for the state in Quebec,
during the summer, and has rendered valuable aid there, and I
take pleasure in thanking him for it, in behalf of the state.
16
The following are the expenses incurred hj me on account of
the Immigration Fund for the fiscal year ending September SO:
Printing 10,000 English pamphlets, including maps, in Eng-
land 160845
Translating and printing 4,000 Welsh pamphlets 350 OO
Advertising 71 00
Printing 66 83
Peter Langland, as accent in Chicago (4 months) 300 OO
Maps i T 26 00
Translating pamphlet into the Norwegian language 50 00
Translating pamphlet into the German language 50 00
ig articles in We
according to contract entered into by the old Board of Immi-
For composing and publishing articles in Welsh newspapers,
gration 50 00
Postage, freight and express charges on pamphlets distributed, 315 37
Total 11,887 65
I make the following extract from my last report:
^^ I have come to the conclusion that efforts to obtain settlers
for this state should be directed to the European countries
rather than to the Eastern states of our own country. Our state
is heavily timbered, and not so easily brought under cultivation
as the prairies of our neighboring states, and it needs the industri-
ous, hard-working yeomanry of the old world, men who are able
and willing to fell the huge trees and perform other hard labor
necessary in clearing the land. Though the land requires more
labor at first, the timbered regions hold forth other advantages
that a prairie country cannot offer, to more than counterbalance
this drawback, chief among which is constant employment for
the laborer at high wages, which is never wanting, and this is a
very important item to the immigrant without means.
" Having come to the conclusion above mentioned, my efforts
have been directed principally toward the dissemination of cor-
rect information concerning our state in Europe. The Board of
Immigration had already had under consideration the plan of
getting the pamphlets in the foreign languages printed in Eu-
rope, and I have decided to follow out that plan. Its advan-
tages are various and important. In the first place is its saving
of expense; for printing can be obtained there for about one-
third the price that has been paid here. Then there is perhaps
17
a still greater advantage ia distributing the pamphlets. It is
quite impossible to distribute from here through the mails in
foreign countries, for it is not practicable to obtain the names
of parties to whom to send, nor could such be obtained as it
would be proper or profitable to send to. To print ^ere and
ship there in bulk, would also give the additional charge of
freights, which is no inconsiderable item. Better arrangements
for distributing can also be made by getting the printing done
there, for the publisher then becomes to a considerable extent
an interested party."
Experience has strengthened the views expressed above, con-
sequently the pamphlets that have been published the last year
have been printed in Europe. An exception to this rule has
been made in the Welsh pamphlets — 4,000 of which have been
printed here, and distributed in the eastern and southern states.
This was done in accordance with the recommendation of prom-
inent Welshmen, who think that is the best course in respect
to the pamphlets in their language. There is very little emi-
gration from Wales at the present time, whilst there are many
Welshmen in the eastern states, and especially in the coal and
iron mines of Pennsylvania, who are anxious for information
about the west.
I had 10,000 pamphlets, including maps, printed in the Eng-
lish language, under the supervision of Messrs. Reed & Keim,
of London. These have all been distributed, and there has
been a call for more.
The same number have been printed in Norway, under the
supervision of A. Jurgens, Esq., and will be distributed during
the winter in that country and Denmark.
I mentioned in my last report that 10,000 pamphlets had been
ordered printed in Germany, and that they were being distributed
under the supervision of Hon. J. A. Becher, wh<J was then
sojourning in that country. Accompanying this will be found
his report. Mr. Becher is entitled to credit for the thorough
manner in which he has done this work.
2— Imm. (Doc. 15.)
18
I again quote from last yearns report:
" The broad prairies of Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska
are open and known to everybody, easily traveled over and ex-
plored, whilst many portions of our own state are yet a sealed
book. The density of the timber in certain portions, and con-
sequent difficulty of making roads, makes unsettled portions
difficult of access, hence their advantages are not as easily learned
and made known. There are in certain portions of the state large
sandy, pine barrens, almost worthless. People in traveling over
these, are apt to imagine that all the country is like them, and
give that impression to their friends or perhaps to the public.
To overcome or refute such statements, we must be able to state
just where the poor land is and just where the good may be
found, the quantities in wbich it exists, and what special advan-
tages it affords. It is an easy matter to see that this is a task of
no small magnitude. Then there are our mining and manufac-
turing interests, both of which are destined to play an impor-
tant part in the development of the state, must be properly made
known, and a few thousand dollars spent yearly by the state in
making known its resources, will prove a good investment."
And the following:
" The commissioner should be empcJwered to issue rules and
regulations for the government of all ' runners,' or expressmen
who have anything to do with immigrants, and he or any agent
appointed by him should be given the authority of a policeman
to enforce the same. This would place those unprincipled men
under control, and with proper vigilance on the part of the com-
missioner, the impositions practiced upon immigrants would be
put an end to, as far as this state is concerned."
I have received many inquiries concerning the state, both from
this country and Europe, all of which have been answered
promptly and to the best of my ability.
I append to this report a valuable and interesting communi-
cation from Prof. Murrish, commis sioner for the survey ofthe
ead mines, whereby it will be seen that important discoveries
have been made in that department.
19
I have appended the reports of the county committees as far
as received, and where no reports have been received, I have
gathered such information as I have been able from the sour-
ces at my disposal. I have also appended valuable information
concerning the crops of the state, stock, manufactures, prices
of different products and of labor, etc., and some statistics
on immigration.
I can not refrain from a favorable mention of the humane
and liberal treatment that immigrants receive at the hands of
the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway Company. Much credit is
due Mr. Carpenter, general passenger agent, and Mr. Christie,
chief baggage master, and the officers and employes of the road
generally.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
O. C. JOHNSON,
Commissioner of Immigration.
APPENDIX.
REPORT OF HON. J. A. BECHER.
Hon. O. C. Johnson,
Commissioner of Immigration :
At the last meeting of the Board of Immigration, which was
held in January, 1872, the undersigned, a member of said board,
was authorized by resolution to have 10,000 copies of a pamphlet,
setting forth the advantages our state offers to immigrants,
printed, in Germany, and to have the same distributed to such
persons as desired information about the United States.
The contract was let to the publishing house of B. F. Voigt, j
at Weimar, Germany. ^ »
The entire cost for printing and binding the pamphlets and
freight amounted to four hundred dollars, which is a very low
price consideruig that the pamphlet contains 48 pages, |ind that
the work is in every respect well executed.
As it was very important in order to accomplish the object
for which the pamphlets were printed, to place them in the hands .
of reliable firms for distribution, I wrote to our consuls at Ber- '
lin, Lipzic, Munich, Frankfort on the Maine, Stuttgart, and |
Hannover; who in every instance furnished the required infor- |
mation. I also wrote to the North German-Lloyd, Bremen,
Hamburg Amerikanischen Packetfahrt Actien Geschellschaft,
Baltic Lloyd, Stettin and the Emigration Protective Society,
Hamburgh, requesting them to distribute some of these pam-
phlets, their answer was also favorable.
21
At Vienna, Munich and Lipzic, I personally called, while I
was sojourning in these places, on the firms hereinafter men-
tioned, who also willingly agreed to distribute any number I
might choose to send them.
The following firms and consuls received pamphlets for distri-
bution, and the number set opposite their respective names, they
agreed to distribute free of charge:
Johanning & Behmer, Berlin 1, 500
Consul Kreisman, Berlin 500
Johanning & Bchmer, Frankfort-on-the-Maine 500
North German Lloyd, Bremer 1 ,500
Hamburg Steamer line, Hamburg 1 ,500
Emigrant Protective Society. 500
Baltic Lloyd, Stettin 1,500
H. C. A. Gross, Vienna 1 ,000
J. J. Ferlin, Munich 400
Wm. Flossman, Munich 200
Consul Horstman, Munich 50
C. O. R. Viehway, Leipzic 700
Consul Klauprecht, Stuttgart 100
Eaestner, Weimar 50
Consul Simon, Hannover 100
Distributed by the undersigned 250
Total ia,000
In closing this report, permit me to say, that there is no
doubt that the state has already derived a great benefit from the
distribution of these pamphlets. Notwithstanding the great
number of Americans traveling abroad, and the information
acquired from them, I found during my stay in Europe, that
even to a certain extent educated men had no correct under-
standing about our affairs. Many who read the pamphlet, gave
me the assurance that they received a great deal of information
from it, and that they were astonished at the resources of our
state and the rapid development of the same.
Yours truly,
J. A. BECHER.
COMMUNICATION FROM PROF. MURRISH
ON THE
Mineral Resources of the State.
Hon. O. C. Johnson, x
State Commissioner of Immigration :
Dear Sir: In the paper furnished for your report of last year,
I suggested, you will remember, that there were strong evidences
that the lead district in the southern part of the state was found
on and related to a north and south belt, or slight elevation of
land, that would in all probability continue through the state, or
at all events to the base of the Laurentian hills in the northern
part. I suggested, also, that in case this should be true, we
should find, in all probability, other and perhaps more import-
ant ore districts along this belt, in the unexplored region to the
noHh of the lead district.
Very fortunately for this work, the legislature last winter so
amended the law as to remove the restrictions confining the sur-
vey to the lead district, and gave authority, under the direc-
tions of the Governor, to extend the work into any and every
part of the state.
My work this season has been confined mostly to this belt ex-
tending north from the lead district, with the following results:
To the north of the Wisconsin river, and directly north of
the belt of ore referred to in my last paper, on the north side of
the elevation running from Blue Mounds to Prairie du Chien, I
notice evidences, not only of the continuation of this north and
south belt, but of its metal producing characters.
23
Although beyond the limits of what is known as the mineral
district of the southern part of the state, and in a geological
formation altogether below that in which the ore deposits are
found there, I find the same geological arrangement so far as the
grouping of north and south and east and west belts are con-
cerned. That is to say, although the geological formations in •
which the ore is found in the lead district crop out and are
wanting here, yet the same system of grouping or arrangement
of mineralized belts are distinctly preserved.
In town 9 there is a belt of country very much stained with
metallic oxides, and presenting on the surface every indication
of being good mineral ground. At Orion, in Richland county,
some attempts at mining have been made, and some good pros-
pects for lead have been discovered. To the west of Orion, iron-
seems to predominate, although mixed too much with foreign
material to be a good ore. Still further west on the same belt,
in Crawford county, copper in different places has been found,
and several thousand pounds taken out and sold. The rock in
which these ores are found here, is what is known as the lower
magnesian lime stone. The country, here however, is very much
broken and otherwise unfavorable for very extensive deposits of
ore of any kind.
Extending north from this place, we find the streams — all of
which are coming from the north — heading up into a well defined
belt or elevation of land, a belt strongly marked with the evi-
dences of physical disturbance, or changes in the character and
composition of the rock. As we approach this east and west
elevation through Richland county along the center of this
north and south belt, the evidences of a mineralized belt con-
tinue to increase as we get nearer to the point of intersection.
To the east, and for several miles beyond where it intersects this
north and south belt, it presents physical characters peculiar to
such belts of rock. These characters are beautifully exposed in
the region of Baraboo and DeviPs lake, and can be studied
there.
At the point of intersection, however, it presents strong indi-
cations of iron are, and that too, in extensive deposits. These
24
indications commence a little to the west of Baraboo, continue
through the western part of Sauk county, the upper portion of
Richland, and into the eastern part of Vernon; and are as fol-
lows: In some places the clay resting on the rock is highly
colored with oxide of iron, and in many places contains good
specimens of the ore. In other places the sand-rock is very
much impregnated with iron, some times in the form of a red,
powder, at others in that of a lean sandy ore, while in other
places — in fact more or less over the whole district — specimens
of good iron ore may be found on the surface, or washed out by
the rains along^the sides of the hills. In a great many places a
man can gather up a ton of good ore in a day; and if he goes to
work and dig out what is exposed in the soil, and surface accu-
mulations, he may get twice the amount.
This region, over which these indications are found, is, in all
probability, Sinew mineral district. It resembles very much in
its external characters, and surface indications, the lead district
before mining commenced there, with this difference: the ''float"
iron ore in this district is vastly more abundant than the ''float"
lead ore was there. The large deposits of lead ore in the lead
district were not exposed at first to the gaze of the explorer,
but were hidden beneath a covering of rock, or surface accu-
mulations. Their " float," however, was often scattered away
down the hill-sides, and sometimes away down the valleys for
hundreds of feet, and it was by carefully following up the
'^ float '^ that the original deposit was found. And I have no
doubt, that before one-half of the amount of money and time is
spent here, in tracing up this " float " iron ore, and other indi-
cations, that was spent there in tracing up the " float " lead
ore, that many extensive deposits of iron will be found.
At Ironton, in the western part of Sauk county, and on what
we should call the eastern part of this new iron district, we
have one of those deposits indicated by " float" ore, traced out
and opened up. A blast furnace is erected near the deposit,
and a good article of pig iron is now being made.
This deposit, as it now stands, is 300 feet wide, and still ex-
tending south; in depth or thickness, it is in the Center about
25
35 feet, and will average for the whole width 20 or 25 feet, with
ore 8till extending down below their deepest works. There was
taken from this deposit last year, and smelted in this little fur-
nace, 3,500 tons of ore. And there has been dug out of this
deposit since it was first discovered, according to figures fur-
nished me by the proprietor, John F. Smith, Esq., 27,000 tons
of ore. The extent of this deposit we have no means of know-
ing at present. The prospects^ however, for continuance, are-
as good to-day as at any other period since it has been opened.
This deposit of ore is in the upper portion of the Potsdam
sandstone, which rests immediately on the Azoic formations.
It is a brown hematite or^, or what may be called hydrated
sesqui-oxide of iron. It is not difficult to reduce, and yields
about 50 or 55 per cent, of iron in the furnace.
Nature has been lavish of her gifts here. This is also a tim-
bered district; mostly a dense forest of hard wood. Charcoal
is furnished at Ironton for six cents per bushel. And when the
timber is cut off for fuel, the land for agricultural purposes is
among the best in the state.
I will add here, that this work at Ironton, is about the only
work done in this district to prove these prospects for iron, or
to develop this region. And I may add further, that with this
very favorable geological pcsition, the vast amount of surface
ore, and this depost at Ironton as a type of what we may ex-
pect to find, the prospects of a rich and extensive district of
iron ore are indeed flattering.
To the north of this, apparently, new iron district, along the
same north and south belt, the sandstone is altogether the sur-
face rock, and continues to thin out as we extend north. It is so
friable, and yields so readily to disintegration, that the surface
of the country is mostly covered with sand, and we find nothing
of interest until we reach town 21. Here we find rising gently
from beneath the sand and sandstone, the ancient Azoic and
Plutonic rocks, which extend back no doubt under the sand-
stone and limestone of the southern part of the state. This for-
mation rises simultaneously on the black river, Yellow river and
he Wisconsin river, through towns 21 and 22, consequently has
X6
an east and west bearing, and from the fact that it pitches be-
neath the sandstone to the west of Black river, and also to the
east of the Wisconsin, we may infer that it is conforming to this
north and south belt, or elevation. After exploring across it for
several miles, I found a gentle dip setting into the north, and a
little beyond this, the sandstone on its northern as well as on its
southern side. This belt of ancient rocks, belong no doubt, to
some ancient system of elevation, since the sands-stone rests
horizontally and undisturbed on its flanks.
The natural products of this belt, are interesting and inipK>rt-
ant. In connection with the granitic rocks, which seem to oc-
cupy mostly the center of this belt, we find good specimens of
Kaolin, with indications of extensive beds. This is true not
only to the east and west of Yellow river, but at Grand Rapids
on the Wisconsin, where, by the sinking of wells and cisterns, a
number of beds have been discovered, varying from one to five
feet thick. This Kaolin is in places a very superior article, well
adapted for most kinds of pottery, especially the best China
ware; and is equal to anjrthing we find in nature for fire-clay,
or fire-brick.
The metalliferous character of this belt is well exposed along
the Black river near the falls. The prevailing ore seems to be
iron. This is on the extreme south side ^ of the belt, and the
rocks are exposed 6nly along the . streams. Near Black River
Falls, and on the west side of the river, is a deposit of ore ex-
posed by the opening of a railroad cut at its base. The ore here
is a mixture of magnatite, and hematite, considerably mixed with
quartz. On each side of the ore as exposed in this cut, there is
a soft, and somewhat irony slate rock, in fact it looks as though
this iron deposit was mantled around with slate, the slate becom-
ing softer as it passes away from the ore.
On the east of this, or a little to the south of east, and on the
east bank of the river, is another deposit, or mound of ore, of a
similar character and size. Where exposed along the river, it
appears to be mantled around also with slate, a micaceous slate,
changing often into other varieties, and in places colored with
the oxide of iron. This mound remains in its natural state; no
27
excavations made; oovered mostly with brush, and other vegeta-
tion, with large and small pieces of ore scattered over the sur-
face, and protruding through the soil. It is mostly a dark, fine
grained magnatite, and like the other, in places considerably
mixed with quartz.
A few rods farther to the north, and perhaps an off-shoot from
this mound, is a small knoll, or what looks like the upper part
of a ledge of iron ore. This deposit was partially opened sev-
eral years ago, leaving the ledge exposed for one hundred feet
wide and several feet high. The ore here is mostly magnetic,
and like what is exposed on the mounds, mixed with quartz.
A fewjods still farther to the north, is another exposure of ore
opened up by the same party, and is exposed several feet Wide.
The ore here is mostly the red hematite.
Where so little has been done to develop these deposits, it is
impossible to form an estimate of the amount of ore. But that
there is sufficient to justify the erection of extensive works,
there can be, I think, no reasonable doubt. I have just been
informed that a company is already formed, and work is to com-
mence at once on the erection of a furnace here.
About four miles to the north of these deposits, and a short
distance to the east of Black River, and near where Morrison's
creek enters it, there is another mound, similar in form, size,
and in the quality of its ore to those already described. And
still a little farther to the north, on the river and on the streams
' running into it, are exposures of ledges of quartz and hemotite.
About six or seven miles to the east of those deposits at
Black River Falls, I found another mound of ore, similar to
those described, only a little larger. This mound is, I should
judge not much, if anything, short of a mile in length, and from
one-half to three-fourths of a mile wide at its base, and over
100 feet high. Like the others it is covered with small trees,
and brush, with pieces of ore, large and small scattered over
the surface and partly buried in the soil, with no chance to see
the ore in place.
From the description given, it will be seen that these deposits
are near enough to each other, and resemble each other enough
28
in the charactar of their ores, to be called one district. And
although the ores are comparatively lean on account of the
silica mixed with them in the shape of quartz, yet the time can-
not be far distant when these ores will be manufactured to such
an extent as will make this Black River Falls district one of the
great iron producing districts of the state.
But little less in importance, if any, is another iron district
on the Wisconsin river, and east from Black River Falls, on
the same belt. The ore, however, is of a different character.
It is bog ore, of a superior quality, and found in beds bat a
few inches below the surface, and from one to three or four feet
in thickness. It is found at Grand Rapids, on both sides of the
river. Also about four miles to the north, and eight miles to
the south of the same place, and also in the town of Grant,
about five miles to the east of the river, on the same belt.
JThe extent of country over which it is known to exist, and
the thickness of the beds where exposed, would lead one ^o sup-
pose that the supply of this kind of ore is almost inexhaustible
here.
From this hasty glance at the undeveloped natural products
that lie scattered over what h^s been my field of observation
during the present season, you will notice that we have good
reason to suppose that other and important mineral dsitricts will
soon be opened up along this belt to the north of the lead dis-
trict. And if you could stand with me on those elevations of
granitic rocks beyond Wausau in Marathon county, the north-
em limit of my explorations, and gaze upon their associated
metamorphic rocks of the azoic age, (the acknowledged mineral
strata of the world), as they extend away east and west threugh
the state, and north to Lake Superior, you would be persuaded,
as I am, that we are but just entering on the threshold* of the
mineral strata of the state.
Yours truly,
JOHN MURRISH,
Com. qf the Survey/ of the Min. Begions of the State.
COMMUNICATION FROM CAPTAIN 0. R. DAHL
Chappkwa Fauls, July 30, 1872.
Colonel 0. C. Johnson,
Commissioner of Immigration,
Deab Sir : After another year's traveling and experience
through the west-half of our state as agent for protection of
state land, I feel it my duty to inform you of some facts and
observations which I have since last year. Before the office of
Commissioner of Immigration was established the immigrant was
found in numbers on every railroad station suffering and enquir-
ing for chances where to go to work or locate. Now they know
exactly where to go and where they can do well. It is a fixed
fact that the north western part of our state — Chippewa, Clark
Barron and Polk counties — is the most attractive and desirable
part for immigrants, as there is plenty of land for homesteads,
and other lands that can be purchased %t low figures. But the
county of Chippewa is in all respects to be preferred, as it is
the centre and plane of operation for the manufacture of lum-
ber in this part of the state. There is a lar^e amount of
government and state land in this county, and about 60,000 acres
of Northwestern railroad land will come in market this fall. I
have been examining and appraising said land for the county,
and the average price for good farming land is $2.50 per acre,
and I understand that the county is willing to sell it on credit,
after a small part payment, to actual settlers, and I should con-
sider this land preferable at such reasonable price, in a good
location, where churches, schools, and roads are already estab-
lished, than to go far back from a settlement upon homestead
land. If a farmer in this C(5unty has any produce to sell, he has
a home market. Notwithstanding there are already large
30
settlements and large amount of farming produce raised, Chip-
pewa county will for many years to come have to import provi-
sions on account of the large increase in the lumber business.
Labor is always in demand, and wages range from $28 to $40
per month and board the whole year round.
The natural advantages of this county cannot be explained in
a few words, and I will not attempt to do so, but only give a
few facts. Encouraged by deceiving reports, and cunning-ly
devised statements about the wonderful resources of northern
Minnesota and tracts of land along the Northern Pacific Hailroady
several farmers from this county started out there one year ago
to see for themselves, but they all came back and commenced
improving their farms here, and are cured for life from their
dissatisfaction with this place, and are now doing well.
Last spring a party of farmers on Bloomer Prairie sold their
farms for low figures to Norwegians, and started with their fam-
ilies and teams for Nebraska and Idaho. A month ago they
came back, tried to re-purchase their farms, but could not^ and
are now Settling on wild lands near their former homes. They
have explored Nebraska, and say that the land there was more
productive, but the old settlers begged them to buy their farms
at their own figures, so they could get money enough to leave
with. And foroats for their teams they paid 10 and 15 cents per
bushel, best kind of beef cost 4 and 5 cents, and butte^ 6 and 8
cen£s per pound; and they thought farming would not pay
there, and besides live in a hole in the ground for want of ma-
terial to build with.
Every winter a large number of farmers from Minnesota,
come here with their teams and work in the pinery, and they all
say that if they could sell their farms there they would come
here and settle for good. Some have already done so.
The unlucky quarrel concerning the Dells' Improvement is
now considered settled. Parties from Eau Claire are now ex-
amining the river above here, with a view to making such per-
manent improvements as will benefit themselves and the coun-
try at large.
Yours truly,
O. R. DAHL.
REPORTS OF COUNTY COMMITTEES.
ADAMS COUNTY.
BY C. A. CAPRON AND A. O. HOLM.v
Adams county is bounded on the north by Wood and Portage
counties, on the east by Waushara and Marquette, on tKe south
by Columbia, and on the west by Juneau. The southern part of
the county is rolling and the central flat, and gradually rises
from south to north. The soil is of a sandy loam, well adapted
to the raising of rye, oats, barley, corn, etc. There is some
worthless land in the county, but also much that is very good,
and with proper culti^vation it can be made to bear excellent
crops.
There are about 139,000 acres of land in the county, and
46,000 of these are under cultivation, Sf per cent, of which has
been put under cultivation this past year, thus showing that the
lands in the county are being rapidly improved. About 87 per
cent, of that now unimproved is capable of cultivation. About
50 per cent, of the land is owned by actual settlers, at a price of
from $1.25 to t$26 per acre; 49,500 acres by the state at fifty
cents per acre; and 40,000 to 50,000 acres is yet owned by the
general government, which can be entered as homesteads, and
the most of this will, if taken up by actual settlers and properly
cultivated, make good and profitable farms. About 4,500 acres
are yet owned by the Milwaukee and La Crosse Railroad Com-
pany, and a large portion of this is still occupied by actual
settlers. These lands are generally of a good quality. -
The county is well watered by beautiful running streams, and
many water powers exist that are yet unimproved, especially in
32
the central part of the county, north and south on White creek,
and the Big and Little Rochecris.
The prevailing timber is oak, ash and maple along the streams,
and oak, ash and pine on the uplands.
There are many valuable stone quarries in the county, and
one or two good brick yards. Clay for the making of the veiy
best brick is readily found almost anywhere in the county.
The Wisconsin river runs along the western border of the
county, and Big Rochecris, Little Rochecris and White creek
are beautiful streams running into the Wisconsin river. Lake
Jordan is 'Situated in the southeastern part of the county, is
about four miles long and two and one-half wide, and is a very
picturesque body of water. The county poor-house is very beau-
tifully located upon the banks of this lake. Fish abound in this
lake in great abundance, as well as in the streams, and ^me is
very plentiful in the northern part of the county, consisting of
deer, prairie chickens, grouse, quails, ducks of all kinds, wild
geese and other small game.
This county has suflFered very much for want of proper rail-
road communication, but this want is now to be relieved, as we
verily believe, as the Chicago and Duluth Railroad is now about
to be built through the county, and other lines are also talked of.
The principal source of industry in this county is agriculture,
the crops raised being wheat, rye, corn, barley, and all kinds of
garden vegetables. All kinds of roots are very prolific. Some
attention is also paid to the production of lumber in the north-
ern and northwestern part of the county. Cranberries are culti-
vated to some extent, and are soon destined to play an import-
ant part in the industry of the county. A large portion of the
county is well adapted to the cultivation of fruit, and 25,000
acres have been purchased by parties for that purpose alone.
Hops are also raised to some extent, and some attention has been
paid to the raising of the sugar beet, and there is a prospect that
a factory for the manufacture of sugar from that cereal will be
erected soon. The county is proverbially healthy, the water
good, and the climate about the same as in the othor central
portions of the state.
33
There will soon be a foundry in operation at Big Spring, and
there ia now a machine shop, iron lathe and planing mill at that
place. There is also in the county, eight good flouring mills,
numerous small saw mills, and one of the largest steam saw
mills in the state, siiuated at Barnum.
Property has increased in value about ten per cent. <during
the past year, and with our railroad prospects, togetyer with the
doing away with false impressions concerning the soil, etc., of
this county, truly we have cause to be proud of our progress,
and very hopeful for the future.
We have received our proportion of the last season's immi-
gration into this section of the state, and we have plenty of
lands and good will for more.
C. A. Capron and A. O. Holm, both of Friendshp, will give
their attention promptly to all letters of inquiry concerning
lands; will also assist parties in securing claims.
O. E. Meyer, of 147 West Water street, Milwaukee, will also
give informatian to parties desiring it concerning Ada.i.s county.
ASHLAND COUNTY.
BY 8. 8. FIFtEIJ).
Ashland county is the center county of the northern border of
the state, on Lake Superior. It contains an area of about 1,200,000
acres, of which upwards of 150,000 acres belong to the state,
while a large majority of the territory embraced within its
limits still belongs to the general government; large tracts being
valuable ore and pine lands. Ashland bay extends southwest
into the interior of the county some twenty miles, affording a
most perfect harbor for commerce, and the largest white-fish
fishery on the lake. Upon this magnificent sheet of water is
situated the new town of Ashland, the present terminus of the
Wisconsin Central Railroad, now being rapidly built north and
south from both its 1 ake terminus and Stevens Point. Thi
8— Imm. (Doc. 15.)
34
great commercial artery will be completed \¥^ithin eighteen
months, when we shall be connected with the staters metropolis,
Milwaukee, and with Chicago, by the Wisconsin system of rail-
roads.
The Penokee iron range lies east of Ashland about twenty-
three miles, and is pierced by the Wisconsin Central, which taps
the country that will be developed, affording excellent facilities
for shipping ores and manufactured iron. The -work of pros-
pecting these vast mineral deposits is now being pushed ahead,
and the parties engaged receive the most flattering' encoarage-
ment. Iron ore, at a depth of eight feet, has already been
taken out that is judged by competent men will yield 60 per
cent. If the iron companies are successful in opening their
mines, they will in a very short time give employment to a vast
army of miners and other laborers at good wages.
The country in the iron regions is rough and tmeyen, but the
range of hills is covered with a heavy growth of maple and
other hard wood. The soil is good for grain and other pro-
ducts, but the seasons are too short to raise com, with the excep-
tion of the small Yankee variety. All varieties of vegetables
can be grown successfully and yield largely. The country is a
natural one for tame grass, which, where tried, does splendidly.
The whole county is heavily timbered with pine and hemlock
forests, interspersed with belts of hard wood. A number of
large streams, together with numerous branches and springs, af-
fording abundant water powers, water the wholfe northern slope.
Several good sized inland lakes, full of fine fish are to be found
in different portions of the county. Fruit does well, far better
than in the more central portions of the state. Apples, pears,
tame and wild plums, thrive and grow thrifty. Of course there
are no orchards as yet, but the experimental gardens prove to »
certainty, that fruit can be successfully raised. There are sev-
eral apple trees now in Ashland, where nice apples can be seen
growing. Small fruits can be raised here as well as anywhere.
The whole country is a dense wilderness, but is now receiving
that attention it has so long deserved, and with the coming oi
railroads, will also come the sturdy emigrant, the ski"^^
35
mechanic, the adventurous American, and the genuine inquisi-
tive Yankee, who, with his inventive genius, will soon help to
make the wooded hills resound with the hum of industry. It is
the beginning of a new era in the history of our noble state —
one laden with great enterprises, and wonderful developments.
The great inland sea of North America, can no longer be a mere
outline on the maps, to be talked about by school children, but
the live and busy centre of commerce, bearing burdens from east-
em climes and the fertile Northwest, to the East- Atlantic cities
and commercial depots.
Ashland county is but a small portion of our noble state, but
contains as much undeveloped wealth as any given number of
square miles within the commonwealth. Other counties join it
on the lake, which will receive our attention in another issue.
BAYFIELD COUNTY.
BT S. S. FEIFIELD Aim J. D. CBUTTENDBK.
Bayfield county joins Ashland on the north and west. It has
an erea of about 800,000 acres, of which a large portion belong
to the state and are known as school, university and swamp
lands. These lands, although denominated '^ swamp lands,'' are
in many instances far from being so, as in a majority of cases
only a fraction of the sub-division is wet and marshy, the bal-
ance being high and dry. The lands contain vast belts of valu-
able pine and other timber, and are being entered very fast by
pine-land speculators, as also are the government lands, a large
portion of the county still belonging to the United States.
The country is somewhat broken in its character, and is drained
by numerous ravines, and running streams, which empty their
waters into lake Superior. The dividing ridge that changes
the slope of the country north towards the lake, extends east
and west from twenty to thirty miles from the coast. The coun-
try here is high and broken into high bluffs or mounds of sandy
soil, around which are large and extensive swamps and numer--
36
ous lakes, from ^hich flow many of the tributaries of the St.
Croix and Chippewa rivers, which flow south and feed the
mighty Mississippi. The soil is similar to that of Ashland coun-
ty, in fact the heavy clay soil predominates along* the whole
northern slope from the north shore to the peninsular of Michi-
gan. It is a natural soil for tame grass and grain of all kinds
which grows heavy and yields a handsome crop wherever tried.
Bayfield county has more sandy soil than Ashland, and on the
whole the timber is not as dense as that of either Douglas on
the west, or Ashland.
The village of Bayfield is the county seat. It contains a
population of about 700 souls. It is a well built place, contains
two saw mills, nine stores, and is the headquarters of one of the
largest fishing houses on the lake, viz.: the Boutlin Brothers.
This firm ship annually 10,000 packages of white fish and trout.
They go to Chicago and Buffalo markets principally. Others
do an extensive business in this line, and the catch can be safely
set down at 15,000 packages annually. [
The United States land office, for the northern district of
Wisconsin, is located at Bayfield, and during the present year
business has been quite brisk in the office.
The harbor of Bayfield is undoubtedly the best on lake Supe-
rior, and is accessible from three points of the compass for
shipping. As a harbor refuge it is visited during the season Ly
almost every vessel that plies the lake.
During the summer season Bayfield is crowded with pleasure
seekers from all parts of the Union. It is fast becoming a noted
watering place, and in a few years will excel all places of resort
in the north. It has already two good and well-kept hotels, the
Bayfield House, by William Herbert, and Smith's Hotel, kept
by Captain P. W. Smith.
The county is in good condition financially, and prosperous.
The building of the Central Railroad to Ashland helps rather
than retards the growth of Bayfield county.
Houghton Point is another beautiful place in Bayfield county,
and bids fair to rival Bayfield as a place of resort. A fine hotel
(
87
is soon to be built there, by F. Prentice, Esq., proprietor of the
site.
The scenery about Ashland, and the group of islands known
as the ^^ Apostles,'' is probably the finest on lake Superior in
many respects, and annually attracts the tourist and traveler to
view the ever beautiful landscapes.
Bayfield county has many sources of wealth, and will ere long
contain a thrifty and prosperous population.
In fact the whole country bordering Ashland bay should be
seen to be appreciated. Gome and see it.
No mines are yet worked, though iron and copper is known
to exist, with indications of large quantities. ' The prevailing
timber is Norway or white pine, oak, maple, birch, spruce, tam-
arack, poplar and cedar. Valuable slate and brown stone quar-
ries, and clay of the finest quality, suitable for brick, are found,
which must of necessity enrich the resources of the county,
making it both attractive to the capitalist and laborer. Nine
streams traverse the county, none, however, of sufficient size to
be navigable. Fish and game of most every kind are found in
the streams and forests. Railroads are prospective only, but it
is safe to predict that the Wisconsin Central will extend its
line through the county before the next succeeding year, by the
way of Menasha and Portage to Milwaukee and Chicago. The
exportation of fish, and manufacturing of lumber are the princi-
ipal sources of industry. Climate excellent for health. The
county has an extensive lake front, locked, so to speak, by the
Apostle Island, making it one of the best harbors in the world,
capable of sheltering and affording protection to the naval and
merchant ships of the country. Fine opportunity is offered for
the settlement of colonies.
BARRON COUNTY.
BT OBVILIiB BBATTON BABBOK.
Barron county contains twenty-five townships, from township
32 to 36 north inclusive, and from range 10 to range 14 west
38
inclusiye. The surface is gently rolling, although the northern
part is hilly and swampy, the s6uthem and central portion of
the county has a soil of dark clay loam, while the northeast putrt,
which is prairie, is lighter and mostly sand. There are about
516,000 acres in the county, . 15,000 of which is under cultiva-
tion, and about nine-tenths of the balance is capable of being
worked; of the whole amount, nearly 20,000 acres owned by
actual settlers, are held at an average price of seven dollars per
acre. In the neighborhood of 11,000 acres are state lands, located
throughout the county, and for sale at from seventy-five cents to
one dollar and a half per acre. Subject to entry under the
homestead law, and owned by the general government are 192,000
acser, mostly covered by heavy timber. The large proportion
of this land is not yet in market.
The facilities for water powers are excellent. Streams tra-
verse the county that are capable of indefinite improvement.
White pine, white and red oak, maple, ash, lind, balsam and
aspen are the principal timber.
Large portions of these forests are comparatively free from
underbrush; and their surface, throughout all seasons, in winter
as well as in summer, is clothed with the verdure of an abundant
growth of grass. This natural pasturage possesses nutritious
qualities of the highest order. Sheep, horses and cattle will
soon faljten upon it, and keep in excellent condition at all sea-
sons, except when the deep winter snows cover the ground.
And during even this period it seems to be renewed rather than
destroyed ; for as soon as the snows are gone it reappears fresh
and green, and becomes succulent and superb grazing after a
few of the first warm days of early spring. Thus, the abundant
growth of " buffalo grass " renders the whole range of forest
exceedingly valuable for pasturage, and forever obviates the
necessity of any special cultivation for this purpose.
The natural meadows constitute a very attractive feature of
this region. Some are quite extensive, but they generally
range from five to ten acres, and are scattered along river bot-
toms and creeks throughout the entire county. Their present
available area can be doubled by a little labor in clearing the
39
margins of brush and burning the ground. The principal
varieties of grass are the flat-leaved, red-top and blue-joint.
All are of good quality and luxuriant growth, parti culary the
blue- joint, which often attains the height of four or five feet,
producing a marvelous yield of coarse but very sweet and
excellent hay. Being indigenous, they exhibit but little ten-
dency to run out. Some of these meadows have been mowed
by lumbermen for twenty years without any perceptible dimi-
nution of crop.
The facilities which here exist for water power are practically
inexhaustible. Taking into account only such as can be cheaply
utilized, they are more than sufficient to turn the wheels of all
the manufacturing establishments in Massachusetts. And con-
sidered in connection with the fertility of the soil, the great
quantity of timber adapted to mechanical purposes, and certain
other conditions, real and possible, that render this region favor-
able for the development of large manufacturing interests, this
vast water power assumes a peculiar importance. With the rich
iron mines of Superior lying in close neighborhood on the north,
and the prairies and bottom lands of the Mississippi valley bor-
dering on the south, only a few miles of railroad are necessary
for the profitable employment of labor and capital in foundries,
woolen mills, wagon factories, and all the wood and iron-working
shops for the manufacture of farming implements and domestic
furniture, demanded by the greatest agricultural region in the
world. As yet but little has been done for the improvement of
these extraordinary advantages. Influenced, however, by their
attractions, and believing in the promising future of Barron
county, a few enterprising capitalists and business men have
erected several fine mills for providing the settlers with lumber
for building purposes, and converting their grain into flour and
feed. At Rice lake, nearly in the center of the county, a saw,
shingle, lath, planing and grist mill, all occupying the same site,
have recently been completed. The building contains a rotary
saw, having a capacity of 15,000 feet in twelve hours; the shingle
mill will cu! from 15,000 to 20,000, and the lath about 15,000
in the same time. The planing and grist mills are of the ordi-
40
nary capacity and kind. At Prairie Farm, on Hay river, in the
southern portion of the county, an establishment containing
mills of substantially the same character throughout, is also
nearly constructed. Besides these there are several smaller mills,
mostly for the manufacture of lumber to supply the home de-
mand, in process of construction in various eligible localities.
Another great material interest, more peculiar to this region
than any other, consists in extensive beds of catlinite, or Indian
pipe stone — a sort of red clay formation, found in stratified de-
posits of various thicknesses convenient for quarrying, in the
eastern portion of the county. According to the analysis of
Dr. Jackson, of Boston, as reported in Silliman's journal, it is
composed of, in 100 grains:
Water' 8.4 grain s.
Silicia 48.2 "
Alumna 28.2 "
Magnesia 6.0 **
Perox. Iron • • • * 5.0 "
Ox. Manganese 0.5 "
Carb. Lime 2.6 "
Loss 1.0 "
The practical importance of this singular compound cannot
easily be overrated. It is of a brownish crimson or mahogany
color, exceedingly fine grained, susceptible of a high polish, and
when first taken from the quarry is so chalky and soft as to be
easily cut with a knife or dressed with a plane, yet after a few
days exposure to the air and light, assumes a flint-like tenacity
and hardness which resists the action of moisture, heat and cold .
For centre-tables, counters, chimney pieces, tesselated pave-
ments, facings of buildings, columns, monuments and busts —
for everything in which it is necessary to unite the beauty of
marble with the strength of granite, it possess an adaptation of
qualities which need only to be known to create a demand that
even the exhaustion of these beds may not supply. Its exquis-
ite richness and beauty, the great ease which it can be wrought,
together with the fact of its scarcity — ^geologists having repott-
ed its existence at but one other point on the whole continent
— will render it a source of wealth to this county, in generations
to come, which might not be surpassed by mines of silver and
41
g'old. Only about thirty miles of a long contemplated railway
need be constructed for the shipment of this material; and
"whenever this is accomplished, these quarries will afford profit-
able employment for hundreds of men.
Owing to the large number of men and teams employed by
theJumbering establishments, and the limited quantity of land
under cultivation, no surplus of farm products has ever found
its way out of the country; and when we consider the immense
territories of pine that spread out, westward, northward and
eastward, into regions not adapted to agricultural purposes, it is
evident that for generations to come, farmers will here have a
home market for all they can produce. The distance from the
south line of the county to the nearest railroad points being
only eighteen and twenty miles, it would not be unusually ex-
pensive to market a crop in that direction; but since the local
demand necessitates the importation of enormous quantities of
supplies every year, prices rule higher here than elsewhere, and
in this respect renders remoteness from railroads an advantage
to the farmer, rather than a loss.
The Qiymty has numerous lakes from two to 10 miles in lengt/i,
and from one to one and a half in width. Game and fish abound
extensively.
Water and climate are, in all respects, like those of the most
favored and well-known portions of Wisconsin.
Immigrants, in examining lands, should avail themselves of
the assistance of a reliable guide. Many such are to be found
among the settlers already here. Unable to name all, it is with
pleasure that the writer refers to one in whose company he has
explored the whole region hereinbefore described — the most
true-hearted and accomplished woodman he ever knew, Baptiste
Quarder, of Rice Lake, deputy Surveyor of Barron county, who
has corrected plats free for the inspection of all, and will show
lands and give descriptions to persons seeking homesteads, at
moderate charges.
42
BROWN COUNTY.
BY HON. J. 8. CUBTIB, 6BEEN BAY.
The existence of the country about Green Bay was first made
known by Frenchmen, and that fact is still apparent in the
names of many of its important localities. As early as the mid-
dle of the seventeenth century, while English colonists were
crouching along a narrow belt of the Atlantic coast, the zeal of
Jesuit missionaries and the enterprising genius of French gen-
tlemen, was stretching the line of discovery and ciTilization
along the great lakes, across the wilds of Wisconsin and down
the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. Before the year 1670, a
regular Catholic mission was in full operation near what is now
the county seat of Brown county. By the treaty of 1763, at
the close of the ^^ Old French War,'' all the vast possessions of
the French monarchy east of the Mississippi, came into the
hands of the English, and by the treaty of 1782, at the close of
our Revolution, were by them transferred to the United States
of America. Still this region was never really brouglit within
the bounds of civil government until the year 1787, when the
whole vast delta between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers was
erected into an organized province, by Congress, under the
name of the " Northwest Territory."
The county has an area of about 450 square miles, located at
the head of Green Bay, a mighty arm of Lake Michigan, nearly
a hundred miles in length and with an average breadth of fifteen
miles. The mean latitude is about 44° North, being a little
higher than th^ southern coast of France. The climate is much
colder than is experienced in Europe at the same parallel, but
such is the dryness of the atmosphere and steadiness of the tern
perature, that the winters are in some respects the most pleasant
as they are cerialnly the most healthful portions of the year. A
solid bed of dry snow for nearly three months affords highways of
uneaqualled facility for passage and transportation. It is a grati-
fying sight on a fine winter's day to witness the processions of
Belgian and other farmers, with their sleds loaded with shingles
43
made by their own bands from wood grown on their own soil,
and wending towards the city of Green Bay, sure of being way-
laid by some eager shingle buyer " cash in hand.". The only un-
pleasant portion of the year is the two months in the Spring,
beginning about the 10th of March, during which period the
weather .is usually wet, windy and variable, but with the middle
of May commences a season of sunshine and warmth and ripen j
ing power which urges on every kind of vegetation with a rapid-
ity hardly equalled at any other spot of the earth's surface. The
Autumn, however, commencing about Sept. 28, is the peculiar
boast of the climate in this part of the Northwest. The cool,
but comfortable weather, the sunny days and clear frosty nights
have made the " Indian Summer " of this region, famous and
attractive throughout America.
A great point of attraction is the peculiar healthfulness of
this district. Its position in this respect is peculiar, being near
enough to large bodies of water to enjoy the equalizing efiPect
which they always exert upon the atmosphere, and yet sufficient-
ly remote to escape fogs and sweeping winds. Nothing can ex-
ceed the purity and salubrity of the air, as is shown by the fact
that notwithstanding the high latitude and consequent severity
of temperature, as compared with most parts of the Union, yet
Green Bay and its vicinity have long been noted as especially
favorable to persons with disordered lungs. Instances of the re-
lief which has been afforded to victims of such complaints by
simply living and breathing^ in this dry and bracing air, have
been very remarkable. The agues and liver complaints and
billions fevers which have been and are such a scourage to the
pioneer settlers of the fertile prairie lands to the southward, are
almost unknown here. We know of no disease whatever that
flourishes in Brown county, while most of the illnesses peculiar
to other regions are obliged to give way when brought within
its borders.
As before remarked, the whole surface of the county was ori-
nally covered by a thick growth of timber. Besides qiiantities
of pine, the favorite wood for building material in this country,
there are large tracts on which stand the harder varieties, such
44
as oak, maple, beech, walnut, etc. Experienced naval architects
have pronounced the oak grown in this county to be unequalled
for ship timber by any other in the United States.
There is hardly an acre of barren land in the county. The
prevailing character of the soil may be called a sandy loam,
easily worked and susceptible of the highest degree of cidtivatioo.
Other descriptions of soil of course exist, varying with the
changes of surface, the proximity of water, etc., but whatever
the peculiarity of particular spots of ground, the one character-
istic of 'fertility may be relied upon as existing almost every-
where, with slight exception.
The noble Fox river, navigable for the largest vessels, finds
its outlet within the limits of the county, and furnishes the best
harbor on the great lakes; while its several tributaries, and
other streams which flow into the bay, make this district pecu-
liarly well watered. As might be expected in such a land of
woods and streams, there is no difficulty anywhere in obtaining
wells supplied with abundant spring water, by digging a mod-
erate distance below the surface.
»
We have spoken of the French origin of this county, and
we may add that the French is still spoken here, perhaps more
extensively than any other tongue. The Belgians form the most
numerous portion of the French-speaking race, and with the
patient industry characteristic of their nation, are transforming
a wilderness into fruitful fields. Germans from every part of
the " father-land " are here working their way upwards with an
intelligence, independence and energy which always commands
success. The Scandinavian races, especially Norwegians and
Danes, are among us in considerable numbers and bring with
them some sterling traits of character which ensure them a
welcome from all classes of our people. One of our most thriv-
ing towns is almost entirely occupied by emigrants of this class.
The indefatigable Dutchman is here also, and has bestowed the
name of '^ Holland " upon one of our most prosperous and
growing agricultural towns. The omnipresent Irishman is here
too, as everywhere, toiling successfully to gain a comfortable
home for himself| and with his sturdy arm and brave spirit help-
45
in^ to build up the fortunes of the community in which he
dwells. Some of the best farms and farming lands in the
county are held by Irishmen. The native American element of
the population may be counted of the best class, being mostly
composed of original emigrants from New York, Pennsylvania,
and the different states of New England or of the descendants
of such. ^
The amount of our improved land is 51,192 acres, from which
were produced in 1870, 156,783 bushels of wheat; 16,819 bush-
els of rye ; 14,967 bushels of com: 155,101 bushels of oats ;
68,479 bushels of potatoes; 12,341 pounds of wool; 328,622
pounds of butter. The total value of the products of our soil
for the year was $830,692; while that of our manufactures
footed up $2,1 59,392. This indicates plainly the direction given
to our industry. With the best of commercial facilities^ an un-
limited amount of water power, and an abundance of material
for manufacturing purposes, the attention of our citizens was
early directed to manufactures; and the same influences will
serve to make this the leading interest of our county for years
to come.
The leading towns of the county are Green Bay, with a pop-
ulation of 4,666, the seat of a large manufacturing and com-
mercial business; Depere and Fort Howard, both largo manu-
facturing towns, with a population of 1,382 and 2,461
respectively.
BUFFALO COUNTY.
BY JOHN DE GRAFF AKD KICIIOLAS miLLIPPS, OP ALMA.
Buffalo county is embraced between the Trempealeau and
Chippewa rivers, extending north an average of thirty miles
from the Mississippi, river to Pepin and Eau Claire counties.
The general topography of the county is hilly, with rich valleys
between. The soil is remarkably varied, especially in the north-
east part. It is for the most part a light dark loam, common to
black oak openings, but it changes to the richest black soil, then
46
to worthless sand, and again to clay. The perceptible causes
are -worthy carefal observation. There are about 460,000 acres
in the county, and 220,300 acres entered— estimated 100,000
improved; of the remainder, 200,000 could be cultivated. Nearly
200,000 acres are owned by actual settlers, and are worth on an
average eight dollars per acre.
The land owned by government, amounting to 200,000 acres,
is not very good in quality, being too blufiy to till. The few
sections owned by railroad corporations will doubtless in a few
years be returned to the general government.
Water power is good, though but little improved, and offers
encouraging opportunities for the manufacturer, especially in
the erection of woolen mills. Timber of all kinds prevail. Beds
of clay for the manufacture of brick are found in many parts of
the county, and several parties are successfully engaged in mak-
ing brick. Lime stone for lime and building purposes are of
the choicest. Chippewa river is the only navigable stream in
the county. Trout are abundant in the large streams. A rail-
road from Eau Claire through the county is among the flowing
anticipations of the people. The raising of all the principal
cereals and stock are the most extensive products. Our unde-
veloped condition calls for capital to turn our water power into
untold wealth.
Two fine grist mills have been erected in the county the past
year.
The following persons will furnish further information on ap-
plication: S. Kessinger, Alma; J. Beusch, Fountain City; Har-
vey Brown, Mondoni; Robert Aitkins, Maxville; Ed. Lees,
Fountain City; Geo. Carvie, Glencoe; Robt. Henry, Anchorage.
BURNETT COUNTY.
Burnett is located upon the St. Croix river and tributaries;
is timbered with pine and hard wood; has an area of about
1,000,000 acres, of which 73,*000 acres are state lands and a large
proportion government lands, which are rapidly being taken up
for the valuable timber upon them. There are grants of land
by the United States government to aid in building several linea
47
of railroads that pass through this county, which when com-
pleted will, with the St. Croix and its tributaries, give its set-
tlers ample facilities for getting their lumber and agricultural
products to market. It is setttled mostly by Norwegians, and
by their known industry, they will make it one of the best agri-
cultural counties in the state.
Homesteads are still quite plenty. The proposed St. Croix
and Superior Railroad is located through the center of the coun-
ty, and will, when built, open up a large and valuable tract of
agricultural, mineral and timbered lands.
CALUMET COUNTY.
BY THEO. KERBTAir, OF CHILTON.
Calumet county contains nine townships, with an area of
about 200,000 acres, and is one of tiie smallest counties in the
state. The population of the county, according to the census of
1870, is 12,334. There are 66,000 acres of improved land, the
average price of which is about twenty-five dollars per acre;
the unimproved land, consisting of 140,000 acres, ranges from
three to twelve dollars per acre^ Nearly the whole lands are
capable of cultivation. The south half of the county is gently
rolling, the north being more level, and in places swampy. The
swamp lands are generally owned by commissioners, and have
no appreciable value. We believe the general government does
not own an acre of land. The Fox River Improvement Com-
pany owns a small tract of land in the western part of the county.
The facilities for water power are about average; timber is
principally of hard wood. Marble is found in the southeast part
of the county, in town twenty, range twenty; also, valuable
stone quarries and brick yards in number on the west side.
Several small streams run through the county, the largest being
the Manitowoc; none navigable. Nevertheless, lake Winne-
bago, lying on the west, gives ample facilities for shipping and
market privileges.
Calumet county contains the finest oak timber in Wisconsin,
48
and, with our newly acquired railroad facilities, this is going to
prove of great value to the county. Here are great inducements
to men of capital, who would desire to go into the manufacture
of wagon or carriage material, or other thing for which hard wood
is used. Bass wood is also quite abundant. Our railroad facili-
ties are now excellent. The Manitowoc, Appleton and New
London Railroad enters the county on the east, and runs in a
northwesterly direction, about ten miles, through the county.
The Milwaukee and Northern Railroad enters the county on the
southeast corner, going north to Green Bay; leaving the county
on the northeast corner of section 6, township 20, range 20.
crossing the Manitowoc, Appleton and New London Railroad on
section 7. A branch is built from this road in a northwesterly
direction to Menasha, and connects with the Wisconsin Central.
The climate is very healthy, and the best water in the state.
Theodore Kerstan, of Chilton, will cheerfully give further in-
formation about the county,, and assist all in search of lands or
other property.
CHIPPEWA COUNTY.
BY D. L. STANLEY, W>f. RICITARDeON, AND D. W. CAMPBELIi,
CHIPPEWA PALL8.
Twenty years ago, when the pioneers of this county came
here for the sole purpose of lumbering, they supposed that pm®
lands would only produce pine trees, and consequently thej
brought their flour, pork, corn, beans, potatoes, and in fact all
the necessaries of life, up the Mississippi in keel boats from
Prairie du Chien. Times are changed ; now we produce both
winter and spring wheat, 20 bush .Is per acre, which sells i**
Milwaukee for No. 1. Our oats are No. 1 ; average crop *^
bushels to the acre. Barley and rye grow equally as well. B*f
grows wild in great abundance, and yields two tons to the acre.
We also raise first quality of timothy hay, two tons to the acre.
As for potatoes, the world cannot surpass us in quantity or
quality ; the average crop is 200 bushels per acre. 'We ^^^
49
almost all kinds of wild fruits in abundance. Quite a large
number of apple trees and fruits have been set out the past
season, and as apples do well fifteen miles south, we hope soon
to raise fruit in abundance.
The stock of the county is of a good average quality, but is
mostly brought from Southern Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa.
The pineries make a great demand for horses and working
cattle. Wild land can be bought for from three to ten dollars
per acre. Twenty miles from the county seat, or from the
West Wisconsin Railroad, good land can be .bought at govern-
ment price. Improved lands are held at $10 to $20 per acre.
The soil of the heavy, hard-wood timber land is what is termed
clay soil ; that of the prairies is a rich, black, sandy loam. The
people settled in this county are from every nation, and the'
door stands open to all.
In the northern part of the county, copper, silver and lead
ores have been found, but not in paying quantities. We have
plenty of sandstone and granite for building purposes.
Lumbering is the specialty of the county in the way of manu-
factures. According to the lumber inspector's report, 43,316,419
feet of lumber, 20,000,000 feet of lath and 18,000,000 shingles
were manufactured in 1870. There are 1,580,480 acres of pine
lands in the county, which at the present rate of consumption,
200,000,000 feet per year, will last fifty years. A large portion
of our pine lands have oak, maple and ash timber scattered
through it. Chippewa Falls, situated at the head of steamboat
navigation on the Chippewa river, is the base of operations in
the lumber region. It has the best water power in the world,
and one of the largest saw mills in the United States run by
water; capacity 35,000,000 feet per season. For twenty miles
up the river saw mills, of a capacity of from one to fifteen mill-
ion feet occur frequently. Over 200,000,000 feet of saw logs
are cut and put into the river each season. This requires 2,000
men, and horses and cattle in proportion. To supply this force
furnishes our farmers a good market for all they can raise.
Above Chippewa Falls is a reservoir large -enough to stop and
flold all the logs that are cut in the winter season. The logs are
4— Imm. (Doc. 15.)
50
held secure until the ice melts, then they are assorted uid
turned out as fast as required. Each owner, having his own
mark, can get his own logs. The logs are run over the falls aod
into the several booms along the river, and as far as the mouth
of the Chippewa, where they are rafted and sold down the
Mississippi.
When the lumber is sawed at our mills it is rafted in cribs 16
by 32 feet, coupled up to make rafts containing 100,000 feet
It is then run down the river by skilled pilots and hardy rafte-
men to Read^s Landing on the Mississippi river, there coupled up
in rafts from 300,000 feet to 2,700,000 feet; it is then sold to
go down the river, at an average price of fourteen dollars per
thousand, by the raft; a clear gain to mill-men of four doUvs
per thousand feet. The process is repeated every year and the
result has been that most of the lumbermen have accumulated
large wealth.
For a new county our roads and public buildings are good.
We have plenty of good school houses, and the schools are well
attended. What Chippewa county needs most is capital, and
skill to develop her great resources; and all are cordially in vit-ed
to come and help in this great and profitable work.
The county consists of 114 townships, and probably not over
one -tenth is owned and occupied by private parties. The state
owns from 50,000 to 70,000 acres, that ranges from 75 cents to
>$1.50 per acre. Much of this is very good farming and timber
lands. About one-third of the county yet belongs to the Gen-
eral Government, and subject to homestead entry. Much of the
land is indifferent, but there is also much that is good, covered
with hard wood timber. This land will soon become valuable to
settlers, as we shall have railroad facilities. The home markets
are also very excellent on account of the pineries, and the far-
mer can* sell his products of all kinds at much higher prices than
those products will bring in Milwaukee or Chicago.
The West Wisconsin, Wisconsin Central and St. Croix and
Superior Railroad companies own large tracts of land in this
county, which they o^er to actual settlers at reasonable pnces.
The water power in this county is enormous, and is ovij ^'
proved in and around Chippewa Falls.
51
The Chippewa river is navigable to Chippewa Falls, And there
are almost countless smaller streams and lakes where fish of all
kinds abound. Game is also plenty, such as deer, bear, wolf,
and many smaller fur bearing animals.
The railroad facilities for the eastern portion of the county
will be good as soon as the Wisconsin Central is completed,
which will run along almost the entire eastern border of the
county. Other routes are also projected through the county and
it is hoped will soon be built.
This county, possessing an abundance of the very best hard
wood timber, affords excellent facilities for the manufacture of
any thing into ikvhich these materials enter, such as wagon and
carriage materials, barrels, farming tools, etc., etc. The debris
of the saw mills would supply stock for tub and pail factories in
unlimited quantities without cost. The numerous mills would
also support foundries and machine shops of various kinds,
instead of bringing everything they need from the east as they
now do. I
Sheep raising, is carried on to some extent and is fast increas-
ing and will soon create a demand for woolen factories, card-
ing machines, etc.
lyianual labor of almost all kinds is in constant demand, sum-
mer and winter, and able bodied men and women are always
sure to command high wager.
With the clear, bracing climate, the pure water, the cheap and
and good lands, the facilities for manufactures of nearly all kinds,
the high wages paid to laborers, and other advantages too
numerous to mention, Chippewa county cannot be excelled in
the advantages it presents to the immigrant, whether it be the
roan of capital, or the man or woman of toil.
Parties desiring further information are referred to either of
the following gentlemen who will, gladly answer all questions
and give all the information in their power. L. H. Coe, Edson;
J. W. Smith, Bloomer; O. K. Dahl,t Chippewa Palls; Burt E-
Kingsly, Chippewa Falls; Robert Manmies, Chippewa Falls.
52
CLARK COUNTY.
BT HON. O. W. KING, HUMBIRD.
Clark is one of the largest counties in the state, being thirtj
miles wide from east to west, and fifty* four miles long from nortli
to south. It is well watered by the Black and Kau Claire rivers
and their tributaries, and by some of the tributaries of the Chip-
pewa river. Lumbering has been the principal business of the
people of this county until within the last five years; now quite
a large number are engaged in farming. There is a large amount
of excellent farming land in the southern and eastern portions
of the county, mostly heavily timbered with sugar maple, baa-
wood, black and white oak, elm, black and white ash, butternut,
birch and iron wood. The surface of the country in the hard
timber is generally rolling, with a soil of rich, clay loam; there
are very few swamps. The land is admirably adapted for the
raising of winter wheat, oats, grass and vegetables. It is the
best grass land I ever saw, and will in a few years be one of the
best dairy counties in the state. The county is but thinly set-
tled, but is rapidly filling up with an industrious class of men^
who arc not afraid of the hard work that is inevitable, where
farms are cleared up in a heavily timbered country. The greater
portion of the settlers are from the eastern and middle states,
with a few Germans, English, Scotch and Canadians. The pop-
ulation of the county in 1860 was 789; at the present time it is
about 4,000, the greater portion of whom have settled here id
the last four or five years. There is a vast amount of good land
in this county still unsettled; part of it government land, and
some belongs to the state; some is owned by the Fox River Im-
provement Company, and some by non-residents, all of which
can be bought on reasonable terms, most of it on time.
Very few counties in the west offer greater inducements to
settlers thail this; the climate is healthy, bilious diseases are
"comparatively unknown; the water is good and abundant; and
the soil is unsurpassed for the production of all kinds of gr»J^»
especially winter wheat; for sixteen years I have not known a
53
failure in the crop of winter wheat where the crop was put in
in anything like good order. We generally have good crops of
corn, oats, rye and most kinds of vegetables. For a time it was
thought that apple trees would not thrive here, but within the
last three years many young trees have come into bearing, and
thousands more have been set out and are doing well.
The lumbermeii consume all the produce of this and the
adjoining counties, which makes a good home market for all
we have to sell. They also give employment to every man
who is able and willing to work, which is a great help to set-
tlers who have but a small amount of capital to begin with, as
it gives them plenty of work for themselves and teams in the
winter, at good wages. On an avei-age, from one hundred and
fifty to two hundred and fifty million feet of logs a year have
been put into the different streams in this county, for a number
of years past, and there still remains a large amount of pine
to cut. There are quite a number of saw and grist mills lo-
cated in the different parts of the county that are doing a pros-
perous business. Lumber is very cheap, and it costs compara-
tively but little to build here, to what it does in most of the
other counties.
Many improvements have been made within the past five
years. Boads have been opened in every direction, school-
houses have been built, villages laid out and settled. A railroad
has been built, running through the southwestern part of the
county, with a station at Humbird, sixteen miles from Neilsville,
the county seat. Other roads and imprbvements are in contem-
plation, which promise to add much to our prosperity.
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
BT THOMAS TULE, P. POOL AND O. A. SOUTHMATD.
Columbia county is one of the inland counties of the state.
The general surface of the county is level, yet not flat, but suf-
ficiently rolling to afford ample drainage. The general quality
54
of the soil is good. The county contuns 492,500 acres of land,
about two-thirds under cultiyation, including improved swvnp
lands. Nearly one-third of the balance is capable of being
worked. In the possession of actual settlers is 485,580 acrei,
average price as assessed, $12.83. About 2,400 acres are owned
by the state, mostly marsh, in the northern part of the eountj.
The government holds subject to entry under the homestead law,
about 600 acres — this, too, is nearly all marsh. Owned by the
Railroad Farm Mortgage Land Company is 3,920 acres, located
in the northern part of the county. The facilities for water
power are good but only partially improved. Lead is supposed
to exist; two or three companies are sinking shafts for the piiT-
pose of mining; a fair sized vein has been discovered. The prin-
cipal timber is oak, maple, basswood and elm. Stone quarries,
lime and sand stone are found, but only worked for local use.
A cream brick is manufactured at Portage, which commands tbe
highest price of any put into market. Wisconsin and Fox rirere
are the only navigable streams running through the county.
This county has several lakes, of which lake George and n is-
sahicon are the largest except Swamp lake which covers aboQt
700 acres. Fish are found in these lakes in considerable quan-
tity. There is not an abundance of game, prairie chicken and
duck are about all that now remains.
Our railroad communications are good, no point in the oountj
more than twelve miles from a line of road, and more roads are
in prospect. Agriculture is the active pursuit, and the growing
interest taken by farmers leads us to believe that it is in a proB-
perous condition.
Manufacturing is not carried on to that extent that it migW
be, with the unsurpassed facilities of water power it shouM ran*
among the first in manufactured goods in the state.
Leather is manufactured to some extent at Portage and some
other points ill the county. There are a few wagon shops, where
all kinds of wagons and carriages are made. At Cambria tnere
is a woolen factory, where, on a small scale, excellent woolen
cloths and shawls are made.
Running through the southeasterly part of the county w »
55
Hi^h ridge, or great swell of land, which seems to be of a dif*
ferent geological formation from that of the surrounding coun-
try, and to have been forced up through the supervening strata
by some great convulsion of nature. Along this ridge speci-
mens of several kinds of ores have been found, but not in pay-
ing quantities. Drift metal, of copper and lead, has often been
found, all over the county. Specimens of pure, native copper,
often of many pounds weight, have been ploughed up in fields
on the prairies and elsewhere.
The great geographical feature of the county, that which will
be eventually of more benefit than anything else, is the peculiar
position of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers to each 6ther, th^t
makes possible a ship canal, to unite the waters of Lake Mich-
igan and the Mississippi river. At " The Portage," a name
given by the early French voyagers, where now stands the city
of Portage, they approach so near together that, in high water,
the waters of the Wisconsin are wont to flow across the inter-
vening flats into the Fox. Boats of considerable draft had
floated across from time to time before any canal was dug. Sev-
eral years ago a canal about two miles long was dug, with a
lock at the Wisconsin river, and another at the Fox, which at
that point is some six feet lower than the Wisconsin, and the
channel of the Fox dredged in places, and somewhat straight-
ened, and a successful navigation from Green Bay was com-
menced. A considerable amount of business has for years been
done through this channel. But of late the rapid development
of the northwest, and the want of facilities for cheaper trans-
portation of their surplus produce to market, has turned the
attention of the people of several states to the route, and Con-
gress has taken the initiatory steps to open through here a ship
canal.
In the internal improvements of our county are seen abund-
ant indications of the enterprise, good taste and prosperity of
our citizens. The roads in all parts of the county are good; a
large number of first-class farm houses and private residences
are seen everywhere; our schools are good, school-houses neat
and attractive; our church edifices are numerous and are respect-
56
able in size and appearance; the county building are lai^
convenient and well adapted to the purposes for ijv^hich they are
designed. At Wyocena the county has erected, as an adiuoet
to the poor-house, an asylum for those insane persons for whom
the state has not made sufficient provision. The building is of
brick, cost six thousand dollars, and will accommodate thirty
patients; it is well patronized, and is one of the most beneficient
institutions of the county.
Our agricultural society is in an active^ prosperous condiUoo;
there seems to be a growing interest on the part of our farmeis
in the society, so that now it has come to be considered the ia-
slitution of the county, and is working a very perceptible good.
The population of the county is about 30,000, and is made
up of settlers from all parts of the Union and the old world
Those from New England and New York predomiate. To sum
up, we regard Columbia county as one of the model counties of
the state, both considering its geographical position, its physical
features, its agricultural, social and financial advantages, and the
intelligence and enterprise of its inhabitants.
CRAWFORD COUNTY.
BY WALDO BROWN, PRAIRIE DU CHIEX.
This county, which originally embraced a large portion of
western Wisconsin, is now composed of about five hundred and
sixty square miles, near the southwest comer of the state, and
north of the junction of th)B Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers,
the former being the southern, and the latter the western
boundary. The population of the county by the census of 187^>
was 13,177.
Among the striking features of its topography, are the toi^^^'
ing blufis, which often rise to the height of from four to six hun-
dred feet, and which present their bold, rocky fronts on tbe
whole line of river boundary, as well as along either bank of tbe
57 .
principal stream?. The bottom lands lying at the foot of these
bluffs are very fertile, and the soil, which is a light, sandy loam,
is of great value for the productipn of garden vegetables of
every description, which come to maturity much sooner than on
the high lands in the same localities.
Through this county, near its center, runs a divide, which sep-
arates the valley of the Mississippi from those of the Wisconsin
and Kickapoo rivers, and from this, at right angles with it, are
alternations of ridge and valley, the former generally wooded,
while in the vales are fertile lands, valuable forests, prairie
meadows, and good water-powers on never-failing streams.
}• This peculiar formation gives the county the appearance of
being rough and broken; and so it is, yet its soil, not only on
the bottom lands but on the ridges, is rich and productive to
such an extent that the husbandman reaps here as rich rewards
for his labor as do those who have sought homes on distant
prairies.
The soil of the high lands is a light sandy clay, easy of tillage,
and is celebrated for producing the finest qualities of wheat,
while the yield is about the same as on the prairies. It is equal-
ly well adapted to com, oats, grass, barley and buckwheat, while
for potatoes and other root crops it is of superior quality. These
natural advantages were overlooked by immigrants for many
years, but the fact that during the last decade our farming pop-
ulation has almost doubled, proves that our lands and agricul-
tural facilities are appreciated, and that in the future they will
be sought more and more, not only by our own countrymen, but
by immigrants from foreign lands.
There is no county in the state better adapted to fruit-grow-
ing than is this, the soil seeming to possess the requisite ele-
ments in the right proportions for healthy growth and prolific
fruitage. Fruit is rarely killed by frosts, and trees and shrub-
bery are less affected by disease, climatic changes and vermin
than in other less favored localities.
The practicability of apple ctdture is fully demonstrated, care-
ful and observant nurserymen having discovered, after years of
experiment, the varieties best suited to this soil and climate.
58
Thousands of acres of the hills of this county should at once he
planted with apple orchards and vineyards, whose products in a
few years would far exceed thoSe of all its grain fields. Besides
the apple, there is an abundance of wild fruits, and currants,
gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, grapes, etc.,
have a rapid growth, and rarely fail to produce well.
Lead and copper ores have been discovered, and there are
indications of the existence of heavy bodies of these minerals,
but none have yet been found that would pay for working.
Extensive quarries of excellent building stone are found in every
town in the county, and from the bluffs on the Wisconsin river
large quanties are taken each year and shipped to the east. The
best stone in the beautiful capitol building at Madison are from
this quarry.
Agriculture and trade have hitherto been the pursuits of the
people to the almost entire neglect of manufactures, the census
of 1870 showing an aggregrate of farm production of $823,000,
while the products of our manufactures was but $240,000. But
during the past year the people have awakened to the importance
of manufactures, to all other branches of industry, and hence-
forth the hammer, loom and anvil are to have their devotees as
well as the plow. In the line of public improvement, are excel-
lent roads and good school houses, so numerous that every chiW
enjoys the privilege of a good common school education.
The Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway extends along the south-
em line ot the county for a distance of twenty miles. Bridge-
•
port is one of the principal shipping points on the road for grain
and live stock, while at Prairie du Chien the company have one
of the largest freight depots in the state, a grain elevator with
a capacity of 250,000 bushels, and from which 275 cars have
been loaded with wheat in a single day. The company have
here large car works, a good passenger depot, and near this, one
of the finest hotels in the west. The business of the company
has increased so rapidly under its excellent management, that it
has been compelled to erect a temporary bridge over the MiBsiS'
sippi for the transfer of trains during the winter, while in the
ii
59
season of navigation, In 1870, three steamers were constantly
engaged in the transfer of cars from one shore to the other.
Second to no other enterprise affecting the welfare of this
county, is the scheme for the improvement of the Fox and Wis-
consin rivers, over which Marquette and his little company
sailed nearly two hundred years ago on a voyage in search of
the ^' Father of Rivers,'' and whose success was a prophecy of
this future Erie canal of the west. Cheaper transportation for
western produce to the seaboard has become a necessity, and
while the completion of the work will add millions to the wealth
of the west, it will make within the limits of this county a city
wjbiich shall bear to another upon tlie lakes, the same relations
that Buffalo does to New York. That city will be Prairie du
Chien. With the dawning of that day will come to Crawford
county an increase in wealth, population and the value of its
lands of which her people have hardly dreamed as yat.
The commerce of the county at this time, has an extent and
importance which few would imagine who have not examined
the figures which show it; and this is not conducted by rail
alone, but three organized lines of elegant steamers touch at
our river town, and do not bnly a large freight, but passenger
business also.
We submit a few items of the shipments by rail from Prairie
du Chien during 1869, not as indicating the production of the
county, but rather its commercial transactions:
Wheat, bushels 4, 861 , 876
Barley, bushels 75, 429
Oats, bushels 88, 175
Plour, barrels 478, 482
Dressed hogs, number 40, 680
Live cattle, number 2, 886
Live hogs, number 16, 268
Wool, pounds 276 , 540
Butter, pounds 1 ,145,710
Hides, pounds ; 2,027^480
And the aggregate of shipments in pounds for that year
amounted to 416,687,720 pounds. Heavy shipments of grain
were also made from other stations and from river tovnis.
The county is remarkably healthy, is well watered, has heavy
60
forest in every town; in her markets, lumber and all deseriptions
of building material are plenty and cheap. Improved lands
may be purchased at from fifteen to thirty dollars per acre, and
unimproved from five to ten dollars.
The public schools are under the charge of good teachers and
an efficient county superintendent, and are accessible to nearlj
every child. In Prairie du Chien is a large German school, with
an accomplished native teacher, while the Catholics have a l&rge
*' Sitters ' " school, and will soon open another of a higher grade
in a large and beautiful building, which was erected at a cost of
$50,000.
The people ot Crawford county are intelligent, industrious,
wide awake to their interests, and hence are good patrons of
schools, churches and their press, and taken all in all, the county
possesses the natural and other advantages which in future will
permit her to take a front rank among those which make up the
noble commonwealth of Wisconsin.
DANE COUNTY.
Dane county is situated midway between Lake Michigan and
the Mississippi river; its southern boundary being twenty-four
miles north of the* south line of the state. It is bounded on the
north by Columbia and Sauk counties, on the east by Dodge and
Jefferson, on the south by Rock and Green, and on the west and
northwest by Iowa and the Wisconsin river. Its extent is forty-
two miles from east to west and thirty-five miles from north to
south, containing thirty-five townships, or one thousand two
hundred and thirty-five miles, or 790,400 acres of land.
Madison city, the county seat and the capital of the state, hss
one of the most beautiful locations in the world, in the midst of
charming lakes. Here is the new capitol building, which, sur-
rounded by a commodious and elegant park, presents an impres-
sive appearance of taste and beauty; and among the other sub-
stantial building^ are the United States postoffice, city hall and
\
61
the court house. The state university buildings and university
farm occupy an elevated and pleasant site about one mile west
of the capitol. There are thirty-five towns and fourteen villages
■ in the county. Six of the towns are largely settled with Norwe-
gians, and six by Germans, and the American and European
^ nationalities are more or less represented in all of the towns.
■ The county throughout is well watered by lakes and streams,
' and the soil is generally fertile; in some parts extensive prairies
prevailing, and in others undulating and hilly land. Timber is'
I plentifully interspersed throught the county.
(• The public land in the county is all taken up, and the wild
land remaining can only be got from speculators and others.
I It has a larger area of cultivated land (395,703 acres) than
I any other county, and produces the largest crop (2,730,130 bush-
; els in 1869) of Wisconsin's staple wheat, as well as large crops
of other kinds.
: Stock raising receives much attention, and pure-blooded ani-
mals are being introduced.
Fruits of nearly every sort grown in this latitude are produced
in abundance.
Manufactures have increased in number and variety since
1860.
There are numerous churches of all denominations throughout
. the county, also private and public schools.
The Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Chicago and Northwestern,
and Madison and Portage railroads have brought it into diiect
connection with all parts of the state and country.
f
DODGE COUNTY.
WM. OBSTRICH, HKNnY BERTBAM, E. B. BOLENS, JTJNEATJ ; JAMES HTGfOINS,
HUBBELLTON, JEFFERSON COUNTY.
The county is located in the southeast part of the state, being
the third county from lake Michigan, as also from the south line
of the state. It embraces twenty-five congressional townships)
62
from which three pretty large lakes must be deducted, to gire
the area of arable land. The eastern part of the county, east
of Rock river, which runs through range 17, is heavily timbered!,
and is somewhat hilly, the northern part west of Rock river is
prairie interspersed with burr oak openings and ^ntly undula-
ting. In the south, the quality of the land is not so good, being
what is called ridge land and marsh. The soil of the openings
is of rich black loam, with a clay subsoil; as a whole, exceUent
for agricultural purposes. According to official survey, the
county contains 576,000 acres of land, of which 380,000 acres
are under cultivation, and about 100,000 acres capable of im-
provement. All lands are owned by actual settlers, except the
marsh lands, and are held at an average price of $40 per acre.
Of the marsh land of which we have just spoken, there is 6,300
acres, held at 75 cents per acre. Several roads own the right of
way through the county in the interests of their respective com-
panies. The Sheboygan and Fond du Lac railroad company
being the only land owners, and they to a very limited amount.
There are three lakes of considerable size in the county, the
largest being lake Horicon; the next largest is Beaver lake
These lakes furnish an abundance of fresh fish of the first qa^'
ity, and affording refuge for millions of wild game, such as ducks
and geese. The principal streams are the Rock river and Bea-
ver Dam river. The former could be made navigable, and ita
utility for mill privileges could be greatly improved.
The only mineral prevailing is iron, and its mines are inex-
haustible. They lie on the east side of Rock river, and are
owned and worked by the Milwaukee Iron Company, the North
Rolling Mill Company, and the Wyandotte Rolling Mill Com-
pany. At Waupun is located one of the best limestone quar-
ries in the state. There is also a valuable quarry of the same
at Juneau, the county seat, and one at Lowell. There are fovr
brick yards in the county, making excellent brick. The Chica-
go and Northwestern railway passes through the center of the
county from north to south. The La Crosse division of the
Milwaukee and St. Paul railway passes through the south^^^ ,
part of the county. The northern division passes through the
I
63
county from east to west, crossing the Chicago and Northwest-
em road. Another branch of the same road starts fromiHoricon
and passes through the towns of Burnett and Chester. The
fifth road is soon to be finished, starts from Iron Bidge, where
it contiects with the Milwaukee and St. Paul road, and connects
at Fond du Lac with two other roads. The inhabitants are in-
dustrious, intelligent and frugal, following, principally, agricul-
ture and mining. The climate is exceedingly healthy; doctors
are at a discount. The water is called hard, as in all counties
where the substratum is lime rock.
The wealth of Dodge county is equal to any in the state ex-
cept those embracing the large cities. Mineralogically, it is dis-
tingtdshed by its extensive and valuable deposits of iron. Iron
Bidge mine has been known and worked for years, still the cap-
ital of the company owning it was so limited that its real extent
and value has never been fully realized, until the present own-
ers took it. It was formerly owned by the Sweed's Iron Com-
pany, who, in the fall of 1869, conveyed its interests to the Mil-
waukee Iron Co. of Wisconsin, the North Chicago Boiling Mills
Co. of Illinois, and the Wyandotte Boiling Mills Co. of Mich-
igan. The property conveyed comprises nearly 600 acres of
land in sections one, twelve, thirteen and sixteen of township
eleven, range sixteen, and section twenty-six in township twelve,
range sixteen, and comprises the southern point of the ridge.
Besides the land, the purchase included the railway from the
i^ine to the Milwaukee and St. Paul road, furnaces, etc., for the
whole of which |500,000 were paid.
The extent of ore is immense. So little has been said about
it that the people of the West do not know what its importance
really is. The ridge, or rather two ridges, rise perpendicularly
about fifty feet, at the south end, and runs almost due north
about thirty miles, or nearly to the city of Fond du Lac« The
south end, however, is the only part positively known to contain
ore, but it is now supposed that the whole ridge is enriched with
it, the ore dipping very fast, probably, as you go north.
The schools in every town, village and city in the county, are
well organized, liberally provided for, as to pay, school houses,
64
libraries, fete. The churches are numerous. Milling privileg-es
are good. In short, Dodge county is one of the best for settlers
in the older parts of Wisconsin, especially for agricultural pur-
suits. Land is for sale at from $5 to $50 per acre in all parts of
the county.
DOOR COUNTY.
BT C. A. ICABSB, PETER ZBIMMBBS Ain> J. A. BISCH ONS.
Door county is situated in the northeast part of the state of
Wisconsin, and between Lake Michigan and Green Bay, is sev-
enty miles in length, with an average width of abont ten miles.
The general topography of the county is undulating. The soil
is generally of a clay loam, interspersed occasionally ivitfa soils
more or less mixed with sand. In nearly every portion of the
county is bottom lands of alluvial deposits, with an average
depth of six feet of the richest black loam. On the uplands a
clay soil predominates, at an average depth of twelve feet. The
county contains about 300,000 acres of land, of which 90,000 is
under cultivation ; of the balance, 200,000 is only capable and
adapted to agricultural pursuits. Owned by actual settlers is
230,000 acres, held at an average price of $15 pe^: acre ; 38,000
acres is owned by the state, located in all parts of the county, at
an average price of eight shillings per acre; owned by the
United States there are about 2,000 acres of fair quality, that can
be entered under the homestead law, which gives to any man for
ten dollars, 160 acres of land, providing he will agree to live on
and improve it ; canal companies own about 1,200 acres, average
price $3.50 per acre, located throughout the county; the princi-
pal owners being the Green Bay and Mississippi canal company.
The state holds nearly 2,000 acres for the Sturgeon Bay and
Lake Michigan canal company. Water power good, and sus-
ceptible of improvement. The land in the county is timbered
with oak, maple, beach, elm, ironwood, birch, basswood, pine,
hemlock, tamarack, cedar, spruce, balsam and other varieties of
65
timber, common to this part of North America. Very valuable
marble and stone quarries exist and are found in very large quan-
tities. Stui^eon Bay extends far into the county, and several
streams traverse it, all well stocked with fish. All kinds of game
are abundant.
Should government push the canal to completion, a railroad
ynll undoubtedly be constructed from Green Bay to Milwaukee.
Farming, lumbering, the manufacture of shingles, stavebolts,
cedar posts, railroad ties and many other lucrative sources of
industry are the pursuits followed. . Excellent opportunity is
offered for the investment of capital. Blast furnaces might be run
to great advantage, every thing necessary being near at hand ex-
cept the ore. Climate temperate and pleasant, water pure and
excellent, no epidemics, no contagious diseases, in fact, for
bealthfulness, it cannot be surpassed. The prospects for the
building of a ship canal are flattering; with such a highway for
commerce all kinds of produce must prove remunerative.
Nearly all kinds of fruit raising are attended with the best
' results.
t The land in the county [is timbered with maple, beech, elm,
oak, iron- wood, birch, basswsod, pine, hemlock, tamarack, cedar,
' spruce, balsam and other varieties of timber common to this
I part of North America. The soil is generally a clay loam, in-
[ terspersed occasionally with soils more or less mixed with sand.
I Scattered through'the country is a large portion of rich bottom
i lands, of alluvial deposits, with an average depth of six feet, of
[ the richest black soil. On the uplands the average depth of the
t soil is ten feet, resting on a foundation of limestone rock. The
i land is well watered throughout the county by numerous small
i creeks, and springs of pure living water are abundant. The
surface of the county is gently rolling and well adapted to farm-
ing purposes.
In the county are 58,000 acres of wild lands, owned by the
state, which will be sold in quantities to suit purchasers, at an
average rate of one dollar per acre. These lands embrace some x
of the richest in the county, and when cleared of the timber,
will make some of the finest farming lands in the country. Of
% 5— Imm. (Doc. 15.)
, 66
' .. , . .' '
lanjd owned, by the United States, there are about 3,000 acres
that can be entered, under the homestead law, which gives to
ejveJTY m*n, for $10, 160 .acres of land on condition that he will
live on and improve it.
. "Wheat, rye, Qati^y barley^ buckwheat, corn and other grains,
ai^d^pptictpea, tu|*nipa, bee|;^,. and all the roo]!; crop^ and hay axe
gro^n ip, the! jppi^nty, and yield rich returns to the farmers.
Some pf vt^he^^ ^frheat-lfud in jl^e state jl,s located in this county.
All Qf,.tl:\6 ^&in^ mentioned are a sure crop- ,. Fruit, such as
.%pples,.pe^s^ pl'^RWj c^a^-apples,.grapes,. currants^ blackberries,
raspberries, ^poaebi^rries And.oth^r varieties. grow in profusion,
j^i^d, w}ien properly cultivated, yield large .cirops. The position
of thip county, between, two IfMrge bodies 9f "yrater, is peculiarly
favorable to frqit, and many thriving orchards in the county bear
fitness tQ its fapili^ies for fruit growing.
TJhe^e ^re ample scbppl facjJiti^s in this county, each settle-
ment having a school house in close proximity, and there are
Protestant and Roman Catholic churches. The roads. in the
county, arid the facilities for getting them^ are good. .
A large number of the ii;ihabitants of the county are engaged
in cutting their timber into cord- wood, s&yf. logs, railroad ties,
telegraph poles, fence posts, etc., fpr which a i:eady sale is found.
. Jijlapy farmers devote their winters to this work, clearing up
! theyir farms and ^ellipg the^ timber thus cut dowi^.
The large bodies of water on. each side of the peninsula
abound with fish, an^ furnjsh employment to a large number of
men in catching them. Trout and whitefish are caught in large
quantities, salted and sold at remunerative price?.
The. population of the county is between j5,000 and 6,000, and
embraces almost all European nationalities. Belgian, German,
Norwegian, French, Irish, Dane,Dutch,Swede,English, and people
of other nationalities, have come here and cleared up fine farms
in the .woods for themselves. After making themselves com-
fortable homes, they have sent back across the ocean for their
relatives and friends to come and share with them the prosperity
offered to every willing heart and strong hand here.
At the present time there are upwards of 18,000 acres of land
\
67
improved and under cultivatioa in the county, giving forth
yearly their bounteous harvests, filling the granaries and. baros
to overflowing with the various articles of farm produQe that
flourish so luxuriantly in the fertile soil. Substantiil houses,
comfortable bams and stables,- churches, school botises,. stores,
saw mills, shops and roads give evidence of the prqispcirity of
the people and of the success which has attended them ia tbeir
efforts to carve out a home and a competence .ia th,e virgiq for-
ests of Door county. .. J .
DOUGLAS COUNTY.
BT D. G. JCORRISON, 0177ERIOB.
Douglas county is situated in thd northwest piart^f the ntate,
at the head of lake Superior. The general surface is rolling,
and contains within its limits every variety of soil, with a nearly
subsoil of clay. The county is 40 miles square iaitd has 1,SW0
acres under cultivation'; of the balance nearly seveii^ighths is
capable of improvement and cultivation ; one-eighth is* owned
by actual freeholders, held for disposal at fetir prices. The state
owns about 76,000 acres at a price of $1.25 per acre ; the general
government 340,000 acres. * No railroad lands yet in market.
The county is traversed with four streams, with anlple facilities
for water power.
Among others may be mentioned the south side of the St.
Louis river Dalles, where the power is available for one quarter
of a mile; Black river one fall of 75 feet and one of 20 feet*
Aminican two of 20 fefet, besides several others. All have a
rock base, and are available at ordinary cost, and easy of
access.
Specimens of copper have been found, of the richest quality ;
also large deposits of iron, though unavailable at present, owing
to the want of railroad facilities. Both granite and red sand-
stone, and a good quality of brick have been manufactured from
he clay. The Northern Pacific and St. Paul Road is now in
68
operation from the western border of the county, and is completed
400 miles west Lumberinf^, and fishing are the principal sources
of industry. Water good. The average days without frost from
one hundred to one hundred and twenty. Potatoes, oats, barley,
wheat, and all kinds of cereals and grain, except com, yield
abundantly.
The fine forests, mills, and logging streams offer good induce-
emnts to capital and labor. Labor is always in demand at
great wages, and the cheap lands offer inducements to those
who wish to engage in farming. The home markets are excel-
lent, and from our lake ports is as near to eastern markets as
Kenosha, the extreme south-eastern county in this state. The
climate compares favorably with that of Michigan and with the
St. Lawrence river counties of the state of New York. The cli-
mate is healthy, a^ is shown by the fact that out of a population
of 1,200, only 4 adults and 8 children have died during the past
vear.
. The western extension of the Northern Pacific Rail Road, and
the eastward extension of the Wisconsin Central, one or both of
which must be accom*plished at a very early day, will open this
county to settlement, as these roads will pass through the centre
of the county. Timber and farming lands are now much in re-
quest and extensive entries are beipg m&de.
For further information address Thomas Clarke, county sur-
veyor, or R. Relf, county clerk, Superior.
DUNN COUNTY.
BY R. J. FLINT, 8. B. FRENCH, C. M. BONNELL, MENOUINIE.
Dunn county is situated in Northwestern Wisconsin. To the
immigrant in search of. occupation and a home it offers supe-
rior inducements. Its favorable location, its accessibility, its
varied fields of labor, its rapid settlement, place it in the front
rank of those counties which are now attracting the attention
I
I
69
of the pioneer. The county contains twenty-four towuBhips,
with a total area of 552,960 acres. The eastern portion is mostly
prairie and light openings, with some marsh suitable for meadow
land. It is generally level, and has a fertile and productive soil.*
The western portion is more rolling, and covered with extensive
forests. The soil is excellent, producing splendid crops. Win-
ter wheat is largely grown, and yields from twenty to forty
bushels per acre. Oats, rye, corn, potatoes, etc., bring forth a
rich harvest. In short, the general quality of the soil through-
out the county, and its productiveness, will average as high as
any county in the state to which the attention of the immigrant
can now be directed. When the forest has been subdued, and
the wilderness made to " blossom as the rose,'^ by ther labor of
the industrious settler, no section of our state will surpass Dunn
county in the extent and variety of her productions.
There are at present about 75,000 acres under cultivation, not
including many thousand acres enclosed for pasturage. All of
the unimproved lands are fit for cultivation or pasturage. About
200,000 acres are owned by actual settlers, in farms ranging
from 80 to 320 acres. The average price of such land is about
$8.00 per acre. In the northern part of the county there is yet
a number of sections subject to entry under the homestead law;
some of them very desirable locations. There are no less than
160,000 acres owned by corporations. The West Wisconsin
Railway Company own about 125,000 acres, and the Fox and
Wisconsin Improvement Company about 35,000 acres, which
they are selling in lots to suit purchasers at prices ranging from
$2.50 to $10.00 per acre for farming lands. The railroad com-
pany gives easy terms to settlers, requiring one-fourth at the
time of sale, the balance payable in three annual installments,
with interest at 10 per cent. The Improvement Company are
also disposing of their lands at reasonable figures to actual
settlers. For further information concerning these improvement
lands address S. B. French, Menomonie, Wis., who is the resi-
dent agent of the company for Dunn county. The railroad lands
have been in market only a few months, and during the coming
year many of the best tracts will no doubt be sold; and the
70
landless should bear in mind that the motto of the railroad
company, like that of the government, is " first come first served."
Fall information concerning these lands, with . description,
prices and terms of sale, may be obtained by addressing H. H.
Weakley, Hudson, Wis., the land agent of the company.
The county is watered by the Chippewa river in the south-
east ; th^ Sau Galla in the south-west, and the Red Cedar,
which runs throrgh the county from north to south. The Chip-
pewa is navigable for rafts and small steamboats ; the Eau
Gklla itnd Red Cedar for rafts and logs only. These streams
with theii" numerous tributaries furnish a large number of fine
water powers, many of which are unimproved. Sawmills and
flouring mills, however, are springing up in all parts of the
county, opening new fields for labor and capital and furnishing
a substantial home market for the products of the forest, the
fartn, and the garden,
LAimbering is the leading manufacturing interest. There is
annually manufactured in the county about 75,000,000 feet.
Hundreds of men find steady employment in the pineries, at the
mills,' or on the river; and no man, able and willing to work,
need remain idle a single day. This is especially favorable to
the immigrant, who by the constant demand for labor, is cer-
tain'of a pUce to work at good wages, the moment he reaches
his destination. One firm alone, Knapp, Stout & Co., at Me-
nominie employs about 1,500 men. Carson & Rand, of Eau Galla,
and S. A. Jewett, of Cedar Falls, have, in the aggregate, severa\
hundred men in their employ.
But the attention of the mechanic and n^anufacturer can turn
with profit to other industries, the development of which cannot
fail to prove remunerative to the persons engaged therein. The
vast forests of bard wood which cover the western half of the
county, are a mine or wealth almost untouched. Oak, maple,
ash, elm, basswood, butternut and pine, of the best quality, grow
in great profusion, and invite the industrious and enterprising
manufacturer, with promise of rich rewards. Stave mills, hub
and spoke factories, establishments for the manufacture of fur-
niture, agricultural implements, wagons, sleighs, etc., will here
71
find abundant water power and a never failing supply of excel-
lent timber. A woolen factory is much needed. No less than
20,000 lbs. of wool were shipped froni DuUn cOuiity during the
past season, which amount might soon be increasedtto fold with
proper encouragement.
Banks of clay suitable for brick are numerous^ bat little used.
Quarries of limestone have been opdned and suceedsfixUy worked-
Quarries of beautiful sandstone abound, similar in geologio&I
formation to the <;elebrated Potsdam sandstone, which fttmish a
fine and seiticeabte building material. These natural deposits^
together with the immense quantities of lumber, furnish an un-
limited supply of cheap and accessible building material.
The railroad facilities are good, and promise to be better in
the not distant future. The West Wisconsin Railway which is
att important link of the air-line railroad from St. Paul to Chi-
cago, passes through the county from east to west. By this road
Menominie, the county seat of Dunn county, is only a thirteen
hours ride from Chicago. The business of the road is large and
constantly increasing. The Chippfewa Valley and Red Cedar
Railroad is projected, and the rout6 surveyed. Its' course is from
the inouth of the Chippewa river to the conlSuehde of the Bed
Cedir, thence along that stream through Dunn* county, north-
ward to Barron dounty, theiice to Lake Superior. This road will
opeii up a fine country north of Dunn cotmty and will attract a
large immigration^ With these roafds in full operatibn^ the busi-
ness of the manufacturer, merchant, and farmer will rfecei're a
new impetus on the road to permanent wealth arid prosperity.
Fish and game abound in ^reat variety, jrike, pickerel, bass
and speckled trout are easily caught by the not ovey-skillful
angler. Bear, deer, squirrel, pheasant, prairie chickens, grouse,
tvild geese, ducks etc., are here to tempt the hunter and ^orts-
man. Beaver, mink, otter, muskrat, of the fiit^-bearing animals,
fall a prey to the vigilant trapper.
All things considered, there is not a county in the northwest
that offers a moi'e diversified industry — a wider or better field
for labor — or a surer prospect of reaping its just reward. No
more healthful climate can be found. Cleat springs, dnd swift
72
running streams afford the coolest and purest of water. The
atmosphere is clear and dry, and the general healthfulness of the
people is remarkable. In Dunn county the enterprising and in-
dustrious settler will find no difficulty in securing a home for
himself and family. Fanners, mechanics, tradesmen in fact, men
of every honest and honorable calling, can find room here and a
cordial welcome. The only one class do we^ refuse recognition —
the drones. They can find a more congenial clime than Dunn
county. Their room is regarded as decidedly better than their
company.
EAU CLAIRE COUNTY.
BY HARTm DANIELS.
Compiled from reliable sources, we have the following sta-
tistics in relation to the general topography and resources of
the county. The county is generally undulating, and contains
within its boundaries all qualities of soil, from a rich clay loam
to a mixture of worthless sand. It contains eighteen townships,
one-eighth of which are under cultivation; of the balance, proba-
bly one-third is capable of improvement. In the possession of
actual settlers there are about 50,000 acres, worth from ten to
twelve dollars per acre. Owned by the state are nearly 6,600
acres, of a poor quality, and held at a very low figure. Held by
the general government, and subject to entry under the home-
stead law, 5,000 acres, mostly in the east and south part of the
county, and principally good land, 75,000 or 80,000 acres are
owned by the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company, and over
7,000 acres belong to the Fox and Wisconsin Improvement
Company, held at a price from five to ten dollars per acre for the
best quality of land. The West Wisconsin Railroad Company
owns about 100,000 acres, at a price from two dollars and a
half to seven dollars. The best facilities for water power are
at Eau Claire, and will be improved as soon as the state legisla-
ture passes a bill for that purpose, which the public interests
73
demand, and in consequence of such legislation the whole north-
west must receive an impetus which will greatly enhance its
growth and wealth.
Pine is the principal timber, and is the great staple manfac-
ture of the county. The vast pineries of Chippewa and Eau
Claire yield annually, for manufacturing purposes, in this county
alone, from seventy-five to eighty-five million feet, and when it
is remembered that at least one-sixth of the pine in the United
States is embraced in the two pineries named, the importance of
this product can be readily seen. The manufacture of brick is
now being worked [on a small scale. Eau Claire river runs
almost the entire length of the county, from east to west. The
Chippewa river runs through one comer. Both are navigable
for boats and rafts. The West Wisconsin Railroad passes
through the county, from the southeast to the northwest. A
charter is now granted for the Chippewa Valley Railroad, to
cross the Western Wisconsin at Eau Claire. The climate is
pleasant for this latitude; much of the winter is without storm.
All kinds of cereals command higher prices than in Chicago or
Milwaukee. But wheat is raised here more than sufficient to
supply the home market. A woolen mill and a tub and pail
factory are very much wanted at Eau Claire. The manufacture
of lumber can be carried to any extent that the markets will
warrant. Over $1,500,000 have been manufactured yearly in
the county.
S. C. Putnam, H. C. Putnam, S. H^ssted, James P. Moore,
Eau Claire; Harris Searl, D. C. Richardson, Augusta, will give
further information and assist those desiring to settle.
FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
BT G. DE NEVBXT,^FOin> DU LAC.
The general topQgraphical character of the county of Fond
du Lac is gently rolling; flat surfaces being rare; and confined
to a few marshes, which are almost all drained and make valuable
74.
meadows for the cutting of red-top, blue-joint, and timothy hay,
or for pasture. There are very few steep ascents in the county;
these are all situated along the limestone ledge, which traverses
the county diagonally in the eastern and southern portions.
The prairies are mostly alluvial soil ; the oak openings loamy ^
the timbered portions mostly loamy. All these varieties .ar.e
strongly impregnated with lime and are eminently fertile and
productive. The census returns show that this county is equai
to any section of the state in proportionate as well as in absolute
productiveness. About 80,000 tons of hay are yearly made, of
which five or six thousand tons are baled and exported by rail
to the lumbering camps or to the iron and copper mines of ihe
Lake Superior region. The average price received by the
farmer is $10 per ton for timothy, and $7 for good marsh hay,
delivered where made, or about $2 higher when delivered m
Fond du Lac. The average yield is from one and a half to two
tons per acre. - Since the introduction of mowing machines and
horse rakes, the cost of making and securing hay in barn, or
stacks does not exceed $1.75 to $2.00 per ton.
The county contains nearly half a millipn acres of Ian d^ of
which twenty-five thousand are taken up by the southern end of
lake WinnebiigO' and a few other lakes. The land in the county
is nearly q,ll ciit up into farms and fenced. The proportion of
land which is AOt. fit for cultivation is insignificant, probably not
more than one or two per cent., excepting the lakes. It is
nearly all own^d by actual settlers or farmers, who have come
here from all parts of the northern states and from Europe, in^-
cluding Americans, Germans, Irish, Canadians, English, Scotch,
Danes, Swedes, ^Norwegians, and a few from almost every other
country of Europe. Nearly all can understand and speak the
English language. The population of the county is about 50,000.
The public lands have long since been bought, and the soil is,
as before remarked, all owned by individuals. Good improved
farms, at ten to fifteen miles from ihe oity ofi Fond du Lac, can
be 'bought for about $40 per acre. The county offers induce-
ments alike to the man of means, who can purchase a farm
yielding a j^ood income, with all the facilities of good roads,
75
markets, scbools, and a ready sale for everything, and is. Uke-
lYise inviting to the poor laborer, or the skilled mechanic, or
professional man, who can all. find immediate einployment.at re-
munerative prices. Indeed the great want of the country is 9,
greater supply of farm laborers and families;^ the girls fi^nding
ready employment at house work; the want of the city is more
artisans and skilled . ipeohanics for its manufactures^ which
are already very large and rapidly increasing, but . would in-
crease still faster if the labor could be had. Machipe nlen, en- .
gine^rs, blacksmiths, wagon makers, paper mill hands, carpen-
ters, joiners, masons, cabinet makers, indeed nearly all the.
trades need more hands.
There are in the county four lines of r^lroads, which traverse
it in di£ferent directions, owning nu more than .the land required
for their tracks and stations; the total length of these railways
within the limits of the county being about 120 miles ; Green
Bay, Sheboygan, Milwaukee, and Chicago being all accessible
by rail, in from two to six hours, with the exception of Chicago,
which now requires eight and one-half hours, but will be
reached in five hours when the air line is finished, about the
first of February, 1873. No city in Wisconsin, except Mil-
waukee, is now a greater railroad center than Fond du Lac,
and certainly none is more favorably located for the successful
prosecution of manufacturing, being within easy supply of pine
logs, hard wood of nearly every description, charcoal, iron ore,
wool, and all raw materials, and also of an abundant supply of
cheap food, being located in the. very center of a rich and pro-
ductive agricultural region. These united elements make Fond,
du Lac a highly desirable place for the capitalist and manufactur-
er. It is riot every one, certainly, not every man of sense, that
wishes to go to the woods to hear the wolf howl. Many would
rather settle in the midst of an intelligent and thrifty community.
To such we say: Come and settle in Fond du Lac, and if you
wish to embark in manufactures, whether woolens, iron-works,
boiler- works, glass-works, turning lathes, wagon factories, sash,
door and blinds, lumber manufacturing or almost any other man-
ufactures, you can hardly fail. The writer of this article cannot
76
f
bring to mind the case of a single man of sober and industrious
habits who has failed to prosper in any sort of manufacturing
enterprise here. Our lumbermen and foundrymen especially,
have all grown rich. This is a fact which is well known to all
who reside in this section.
The motive power used in the city is mostly steam. Fond du Lac
is situated at the southern extremity of Lake Winnebago, which
is about thirty miles long by seven or eight wide. The city is
located on a piece of land nearly level, and affords no water
power. But lumber mills consume their own sawdust and sup-
ply other powers with slabs at cheap rates. Peat also exists in
large quantities within five miles of the city. Wood, hard or
soft can be bought for $3 to $5 or $6 per cord, according to
quality. Nearly all the engines used in the manufacturing
establishments have been made here. The county of Fond du La<j^
has not any large amount of water power, although the country
is admirably watered by small streams. The head waters of the
Sheboygan, Fond du Lac, Rock and Milwaukee rivers are in this
county, bat they are all small streams within our limits. About
one-half, perhaps more, of the. available water power in the
county, is improved, turning the machinery of grist, flouring and
feed mills and woolen factories; also a few saw mills and turn-
ing lathes. All these establishments are driving a prosperous
business. No mines of iron, lead, copper, or any other metal,
are known to exist in the county in paying quiintities. The ores
of Lake Superior can be brought here by rail or water at cheap
rates. Timbered land is now worth as much as cultivated land.
The prevailing timber is oak, maple, basswood, elm, poplar, and
nearly all the kinds growing iji this latitude. The pine logs are
floated down the Wolf river and towed up Lake Winnebago to
the city. We have no pines within our county.
We have inexhaustible amounts of the finest limestone, also
excellent sand, and a few brick yards; but the best brick are
brought by rail from Milwaukee and Sheboygan.
Our lakes have pickerel, pike, bass, etc.; our prairies have hens,
and Horicon marsh has myriads of ducks and geese; but our
people sensibly rely on the farms for their chickens, and for their
77
*
Thanksgiving and Christmas turkeys. Meat of all kinds is
abtChdant and cheap. Intermittent fevers are unknown; typhoid
fevers prevail to some extent; but it may be asserted that no
section in the West surpasses this in general healthfulness.
I do nol know what more is necessary to be said, and therefore
will bring this statement to a close.
GRANT COUNTY.
BY J. H. EVA178, PLATTEVILLB.
Grant county is one of the largest of the settled counties of
the state, embracing thirty-six townships and fractions of town-
ships. It is situated in the southwestern comer of the state, and
is bounded on the north by the Wisconsin river, on the east by
Iowa and La Fayette counties, on the south by the state of Illi-
nois, and on the west by the Mississippi river.
The surface rock throughout almost the entire county is the
Trenton limestone. Along the Wisconsin river, however, there
is a narrow strip along which appear lines of upper sandstone,
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone. The surface is
undulating; in some portionfs hilly. Although usually regarded
as a prairie and "opening" county, there^ are considerable
bodies of hardwood forest timber in the southern and north-
western portions. Grant is well watered by numerous small
streams, emptying into the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers,
and has a fertile soil,- well adapted to the various crops common
to this latitude.
Although its development has been much retarded by the want
of railroad improvements, it has steadily grown in wealth and
population, as will appear by the following figures;
I860. 1870.
Population 81,207 87,975
Acres of land in farms 168, 473 288 , 691
Estimated value of farm products (census 1870) $8, 515 ,049
Value of manufactures ^ 1,089,841
The farm cultivation compares favorably with that of other
78
counties. Stock-growing, though slower in making that pro-
gress which has distinguished other portions of the state, is now
advancing at a commendable rate. While favorable to stock-
raising generally, it is especially adapted to sheep-husbandry,
which must accordingly receive more and more attention. Fruit,
growing has also received considerable attention, and has been
quite successful.
The most important products of manufacturing industry are
flour, pig lead and woolen goods; the total value of which, in
1870, as per United States census of that year, were respect-
ively as follows:
Valae.
Flour ... 1397,393
Lead : 270,447
Woolens 65,487
The business of mining, which, in the early history of the
county, was the leading interest, has, of late years, somewhat
declined in activity here, as elsewhere, in the lead district. Nev-
ertheless, there are immense deposits of both lead and zinc, still
undeveloped. The mines hitherto most productive, are found
in the regions about Hazel Green, Platteville, Potosi and Bee-
town. About 1,000 tons of lead and 8,000 tons of zinc were
produced in the county in 1871.
The chief towns are Lancaster, the county seat, and Platte-
ville, now distinguished as being the seat of the first State Nor-
mal School, and also as being the only town, excepting Bosco-
bel and Muscoda, on the Wisconsin river and the Milwaukee and
St. Paul railroad, which have railroad connection with the rest of
the world. It is worthy of remark, however, that measures are
now on foot which promise to secure the early extension of the
southern branch of the Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad from
Monroe to Calamine, and of the Calamine and Platteville road
directly across the county to the Mississippi river.
Valuable stone quarries — buflf and blue limestone — are to bo
found in the bluffs along all the streams; brick clay can be had
anywhere, and good potters clay in the vicinity of Platteville.
Paper mills and cheese factories could be made profitable in
this county.
79
There are yet splendid opportunities for thousands to 'find
homes and profitable employment in thi^ county, as the exten-
sive mines are not yet half developed. The county has no
bonded debt, hence the taxes are light.
' ' , . • • ' • ^ ^^ ■ , . , ■ , .
The population is composed largely of foreigners, principally
Cornislx and Forthshire miners; also Welsh and Germans, and
some Norwegians, and tley compare favorably with the best in
any portion of the state for industry and intelligence, and the
county is accordingly characterized by all those educational and
other like imjprovements which indicate the social progress of a
people.
Refer ito Hon. W. W. Field, Boscobel: Judge J. T. Mills, Lan-
caster; O. B. McCartney, Cassville; ex-Gov. N. Dewey, Cass-
ville;'Thos. Laird, Wingville; H. D. York, Hazel Green.
GREEN COUNTY.
. BT J. J. TSCHUDY.. ,
Greien county^, is one of the southern tier of counties in the
state, lying midway between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi.
It contains a square of 'sixteen townships and a population of
23,609. -
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
While there are a considerable number of acres of level lands
in the eastern and southern portions of the county, the surface
for the most part is gently rolling — rising, however, in the north-
ern and western sections of the county into high and bluffy
hills. In the southern and eastern sections of the county the
soil is of a rich, black loam, with a large admixture of vegeta-
ble mould; however; on the extreme eastern border a narrow
belt of land is found where the soil is a light, sandy loam. The
soil of the timbered lands in the west is of a deep clay loam,
and produces abundantly^ when cultivated, all varieties of crops
The county contains 367,723 acres of land, with at least one-
third under cultivation. There is but little land at pres
80
ent in the hands of speculators, the greater part is owned by
bona fide settlers, divided into large and small farms; average
price per acre, according to assessment, fifteen dollars. Only a
small amount is held by the state, being school lands. Facili-
ties for water-power are almost unlimited. Two rivers*^traverse
the county, besides untold numbers of creeks and small streams,
most of which furnish valuable hydraulic power, utilized for
grist-mills, saw-mills, carding-mills, etc. Lead is found in sev-
eral parts of the county. The Sugar river diggings, in the
north part, were once quite celebrated, and yielded a rich
return for the capital and labor invested, but are now deserted
on account of no water. One of the great advantages of Green
county is the extent and remarkable distribution of timber, tim-
ber and prairie, prairie and timber everywhere. The largest
tracts are in the southern part, where is to be found maple,
hickory, walnut, basswood, ash anl many varieties of oak. Fish
are found in nearly all streams.
Hailroad facilities are good, and it has several prospective
roads surveyed. Agriculture is, and will probably remain, the
leading industrial interest of the county; yet its manufactviring
interests are neither few nor unimportant. The climate is excel-
lent, as the former statements will indicate; the land being roll-
ing, the whole county almost without marshes; when cool
and fresh springs and brooks abound throughout the county, it
would be safe to predict the general healthfulness of the county.
In the matter of school buildings, there is a marked advance on
many sections and counties of the state.
GREEN LAKE COUNTY.
BT M. H. POWERS, BARTFOBD.
Green Lake countv is one of the smallest counties of Wiscon-
sin, being four townships in length by three in breadth in the
southern part, and two in the northern; ten townships in all.
It is situated near the geographical center of the state. The
»1
Fox river traverses it from near the southwest comer of the
northeast, passing through, or forming a portion of the borders
of five of the towns, and affording transportation facilities, in a
greater or less degree, for the entire county.
The Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad passes near its eastern
■
boundary and enters the county in the town of Berlin. Several
projected lines of railroad are before the public, some of which,
if they are consummated, cannot fail to pass through its territoiy
either in its northern or central portions, or both; and stirveys
of the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad have been made, looking
to an extension towards Stevens Point, Lake Superior, and a
connection with the Northern Pacific.
The Fox and Wisconsin rivers ship canal has many warm ad-
vocates in this county. Its early completion, it is believed,
would greatly promote every material interest, not only of this
county, but the adjoining counties, as well as of the whole
northwest.
By the census of 1860, the population of the county was
12,663; in 1870 it is 13,287. Berlin, Princeton and Markesan
are the incorporated towns in the county, of which Berlin is the
most important, having a population in 1870, of 2,778. It is sit-
uated on the Fox river, at a point where the Milwaukee and St.
Paul railroad connects with it, giving it the advantage of both
railroad and water communication. It is the seat of a Very ex-
tensive trade, especially with the country north and west of it.
Several branches of manufactures are established here, which
are growing in very respectable proportions. Among which may
be specified mills for the manufacture of lumber, from one to
three of which have been running since the settlement of the
town, and have added not a little to its development and wealth.
Some three or four wagon and carriage shops have given em-
ployment to a large number of hands, while the usual comple-
ment of workers in wood and iron in the finer, as well as coarser,
varieties of the arts are not wanting. There are also three steam
flouring mills, and one steam woolen mill of some half dozen
looms, that furnish employment for a number of hatids, and con-
vert the produce of the country into marketable commodities.
6— IMM. Poc. 18.)
82
Princeton also is situated on the Fox river, a few miles above
Berlin. It has an extensive trade and is a thriving village. It
has an iron foundry, a flouring mill, wogon and other shops.
Marquette is a river town of . considerable trade, especially in
lumber and grain. Markesan is an inland village surrounded by
a very rich and fertile country; has a good water power, a pros-
perous trade with the surrounding country, and only needs rail-
road facUities to make it one of the finest points in this part of
'{he state. Dartford, the county seat, is situatedon the outlet of
the lake from which the county derives its name. It has a beau
tiful location, overlooking the lake, and, besides the court house
jail and county offices, has two flouring mills and the usual varie*
ty of mechanics shops. Kingston and Manchester are inland
villages, with each a flouring mill, and they are, entch of them, the
center of some trade.
The lake from which the county takes its name, is considered
one of the most beautiful sheets of water in the country. It is
twelve miles in length and from two to three in width. The
waters are very deep and pure, and of a very beautiful light
green color — so clear that the bottom can often be seen at a
depth of twenty or thirty feet. The shores nearly always high
and dry — ^though not as wild as those of Lake George, or as
tame as those about most western lakes — are strikingly beautiful.
There are within the county 96,994 acres of improved lands,
prodilbing in 1870, 586,18d bushels of wheat, 15,057 bushels
of rye, 252,916 bushels of corn, 297,611 bushels of oate, 16,-
731 bushels of barley, 89,659 bushels of potetoes, 119,428
pounds of wool, besides butter, cheese, hay, hops, etc.,
amounting to an estimated value of $1 ,481, 182
Value of manufactured articles 723,265
Total 12,204,897
The surface of the county is undulatiDg,*no part of it can be
called hilly, neither is but a small portion of it level. Brooks
and creeks, and small lakes abound in every portion, and, except
along the Fox river, water powers are found in nearly every
town.
Should the county progress in the future as it has in the past,
though it may not rise to the position of first in the state, yet it
83
will be one of which its citizens need not be ashamed, and one
which will bring no discredit to the state of Wisconsin.
IOWA COUNTY.
BT E. J. COOPER, MIKEBAL POINT.
Iowa county is located in the southwestern portion of the state,
in what is commonly known as the lead region. The Wisc6nsixL
river forms its northern boundary, Grant county lies on the
west, La Fayette on the south, and Dane on the east. In common
with the neighboring counties, where lead is found, the develop-
ment of its agricultural resources, and a system of general indus-
try, was retarded by the almost exclusive attention paid by the
early settlers to mining; but within the past few years, great ad-
vancement has been made in this respect, and now the county
ranks as the thirteenth county in the state for the aggregate value
of its agricultural productions. There are 170,147 acres of land
under cultivation; from these were raised, according to the cen-
sus of 1»70, of wheat, 767,875 bushels; oats, 829,470; com,
689,211; butter made, 555,181 pounds; with the usual variety of
other crops in proportion. The population of the county is
24,555. There are neither state or goverment lands unsold in
the county.
The railroad facilities are good. There is a road running to
Chicago from Mineral Point, and the Milwaukee and Prairie du
Chien, running the whole length of the county on the north.
There are quite a number of lead ore furnaces in the county, and
one zinc ore furnace, making as good a quality of zinc as can be
found in the world. It is made from black Jack and dry tone^
two kinds of ores that were useless rubbish until the above
named furnace was built. A large amount of zinc ore is shipped
to La Salle, Illinois, St. Louis and other places. 10,000 tons of
zinc ore, and 3,000 tons of lead ore were taken out the past year.
The central and western portions of the county contain agricul-
tural lands of the very best quality; and where the land is
broken and hilly, the Welsh and Norweg^ians, intersperaed with
Americans and other nationalities, in their search for good '
water and pasturage, have made it a very garden.
84
There is an abundance of good brick clay in the county and
sand and lime stone of superior quality, but the quarries have
not yet been worked to any extent, though several buildings
have been erected from this stone.
There is a woolen factory at Mifflin, a carriage and plow fac-
toiy at Dodgeville, a sash, door and blind factory at Mineral
Point, and six flouring mills in different parts of the county.
A manufactory for making paint from lead and zinc ore
could do a good business, as could also woolen mills and brick
yards. I refer to Wm. Bainbridge, Mifflin; Wm. Carter, Dodge-
yille; Wm. Hopper, Linden; Joshua Hanscom, Mineral Point.
JACKSON COUNTY.
BT S. W. BOWMAN.
The population of the coMnty, as given by the last census, is
7,712. The surface of the county is generally good; in the
western and northern portions it is high, rolling land, with oak
timber on the ridges. Some swamp lands are to be found in the
eastern part of the county. The east half is a sandy loam, while
the west half is of a black loam. The county contains 640,000
acres of land, 80,000 of which is under cultivation. Of the bal-
ance,200,000 is capable of cultivation. About 160,000 acres are
owned by actual settlers at an average price of $5 per acre.
Owned by the United States, and subject to entry under the
homestead law are 120,000 acres, and located in the west part of
the county; 150,000 acres are owned by the West Wisconsin
Railroad Company, worth from two dollars and twenty-five cents
to eight dollars per acre. Black river runs through the county
from the northeast to the southwest, also numerous small streams
tributary thereto, also the Trempealeau river in the west side.
The water-power is somewhat improved, but capable of ten fold
more improvement. Above Black River Falls is an extensive
deposit of iron of an excellent quality, and in quantity sufficient
to supply the north half of North America. There is a great
abundance of the ore, which must ultimately be a great source
of profit to this section of our state. There are some fine stone
85
quarries and brick yards carrijed on quite extensively. Blaok
and Trempealeau rivers traverse the county, but are not naviga-
ble. Game and fish of all kinds abound. The West Wiscon-
sin railway runs southeast and northwest through the county.
Lake Pepin railroad is under construction, and will also pass
^ through the county. Lumbering and farming are the principal
vocations of industry. Climate temperate; water not so hard
as in many parts of the State.
JEFFERSON COUNTY.
BY HENBT COLONIUS.
Jefiferson county is an interior county in the state, not exactly
central as regards territory, but nearly so as to population.
Its surface is gently rolling or undulating, interspersed with
woodlands, prairies and openings, with no deep valleys or bar-
ren hills, but abundantly watered with lakes, rivers, creeks and
springs, and thickly covered with heavy forests, containing a
choice variety of timber fully sufficient not only for fuel but for
manufacturing purposes. Soil rich and well adapted for wheat,
barley, rye, oats, potatoes, fruit, etc. There are 368,640 aores
of land in the county; about two-thirds of all lands are under
cvltivation, about three-fourths of the balance is capable of cul-
tivation. Nearly all lands are owned by actual settlers, and held
at an average price of thirty dollars per acre. Owned by the state
are 4,360 acres, located in the central part of the county. Jeff-
erson county is one of the best counties in the state so far as
respects facilities for water power. Brick are manufactured
from clay beds of excellent quality and color, comparing favor-
ably with the cream brick of Milwuukee. Several streams and
rivers run through the county, none, however, navigable, But
little game is to be found. Railroad facilities are good, and fu-
ture prospects encouraging. Various kinds of manufactures
diversify the pursuits of the different classes of society, giving
remunerative employment to capital and labor. We may add
that there are several mineral springs, possessing medical qual-
ities, located at Waterloo and f9atertown.
i':
1 :
* :
! i
;
1
I
1
S|s i SS S § a sgKSsssgg ||
i
S|s s 3s 1 g's sgilisags
468
1,193
742
703
920
1,557
1,873
2,177
3,334
1.072
690
919
1,252
3,417
X.779
1,637
2,832
1,609
1.991
5,866
727
II
090
406
714
083
420
966
406
780
273
763
504
898
743
805
001
406
822
869
87
JUNEAU COUNTY.
BT C. F. CUTLBB, T. J. BIKTON AJSD OBOBaS B. NICHOLS.
I
Owing to the fact that the central and northern sections of the
county are for the most part engaged in the manufacture of lum-
ber and other productions of the forest, its agricultural resources
have been but partially developed. Still the population is in-
creasing and settlements and villages are dotting the entire
county. Its general surface is undulating, and its quality of soil
varies from a rich loam to sand. The county contains 550,000
acres, and has 25,000 under cultivation. Bona fide holders own
about 15,000 acres, worth ten dollars per acre. The state owns
125,000 acres of land, worth from fifty cents to one dollar per
acre, consisting of low meadow lands and cranberry marshes.
Several parties are at present engaged in preparing the ground
for the cultivation of this fruit. Certainly no county in the state
presents equal advantages in the canying on of this branch of
industry. The general government owns, subject to entry under
the homestead laws, about 125,000 acres, including railroad lands.
Water power is but little improved, but there are great facilities
for extensive improvements. The forests are timbered with pine
and hard wood timber. Stone quarries are worked with success
in many parts of the county. Several small streams traverse the
county, the "Wisconsin being the only navigable one. Fish and
game are found in large quantities. The Milwaukee and St.
Paul Railroad runs through the county from east to west, and
the Chicago and Northwestern up the Baraboo valley. From
Mineral Point are lines projected, and some of them will pass
through the county, without doubt. The lumber interests occu-
py a very prominent place in the resources of the county. Iron
•and copper mines are known to exist, but are not worked. The
climate is healthy, the water soft, and withal it bids fair to keep
pace with its sister counties in population, wealth and intelli-
gence.
88
KENOSHA COUNTY.
BT F. KSW ALL, PABIS.
Kenosha county is stricdy an agricultural county. There is
little machinery driven by water pow^r, and but five places de-
serving the name of villages. Kenosha is the only place of trade
of any note. Small places, perhaps the germ of future villages,
mHy be noticed at the different depots along the line of the
Western railroad. In fact, at several of these depots, a large
amount of trade has already sprung up, irf cattle, sheep and swino
and the various productions of the farm. Warehouses for the
storage of grain, superseding the huge buildings on the lake
shore, have been built at several stations, and most of the mark-
eting of grain is done at these places, so that little or no grain is
shipped at the lake port.
At one of these stations a planing mill, a sash and door factory,
a grist mill and a cheese factory are now in operation. Yet at
the (Mresent time,, the principal manufactures, aside from cheese
making, are found at Kenosha. The productions of the different
departments of labor during the past year, in Kenosha alone, at
establishments which may properly be called factories, were
valued at 1881,105.
The manufacture of lumber wagons may be considered the
leading industrial pursuit. The productions of these establish-
ments at Kenosha, are valued at $348,855. At Wilmot, 150
wagons are yearly made, valued at $12,000, one shop employing
150 men.
The two foundries at Kenosha produce $200,000 worth of
thimble skeins, boilers and repairs. At the tanneries $163,550
worth of leather and skins was the product of 1870. The malt
houses give $138,000 as their yearly products. Breweries $28,-
000. The fishing interest at Kenosha, or adjacent thereto are
valued at $12,476 yearly. Match factory about $30,000.
Pressed hay, to the amount of 1,750 tons, valued at $26,250, is
yearly put up. The lumber interest amounts to 8,000,000 feet
of pine, and 1,000,000 feet of hard lumber. Two thousand
89
I
cords of wood and three million shingles. One factory exports
yearly 2,000 bales of flax, valued at $12,000. The several
establishments for the manufacture of boots and shoes for home
and foreign trade is very considerable. The business at the
different shops where harnesses and saddles are manufactured,
is quite satisfactory to the manufacturers, and furnishes quite
an item of trade in Kenosha.
The valley of the Fox river and the Des Plaines, together
with the numerous small lakes and streams, furnish abundant
water for grazing purposes; accordingly Kenosha county largely
excels in the dairying business. Some twenty different estab-
lishments on the factory principle, are engaged in the manufac-
turing of cheese. Although some are in their infancy, yet about
687,000 lbs. were manufactured last year, valued at t85,800.
Other factories are soon to be started, and the dairy business
will lead the agricultural interest of the county. In the above
statement we do not include the farm dairying of the County. On
very many farms, where several cows are kept, a sufficient sup-
ply of cheese is made for home consumption. The amount of
butter annually sold exceeds in value that of wheat.
The number of acres under the plow falls but little short of
former years. But there are less acres devoted to wheat. The
raising of com is largely on the increase, not for export but to
be fed on the premises. The beef, pork and sheep sent to Chi-
cago last year by railroad, amounted to 150 car loads; in value,
$100,000. In addition to the above, a large number of cattle,
sheep and swine were driven to Milwaukee and elsewhere.
Stock raising is beginning to attract the attention of the best
farmers in the county. The thoroughbred ^^ short horns " are
believed to be the best to cross with our native stock. The low
price of wool has materially diminished the demand for sheep,
and the number of fine wooled sheep has very much lessened
within two or three years past. Yet, the value of the wool crop
in Kenosha county amounted to nearly $60,000 for 1870. It is
believed, however, that the demand for wool will be sufficient to
induce farmers to continue raising this important staple of our
country.
90
The fruit of Kenos^ county begins to attract considerable
attention. Apples are yearly becoming more abundant, and as
the soil becomes more drained and better tilled, the apple crop '
will be most certainly ample for the wants of the community.
At one mill there were fifty barrels of cider made last year, and
300 barrels in the whole county; a quantity sufiSci^nt to give
every man, woman and child a bowl of ^ old orchard,'* relished
perfai^s, by many, next to " old rye."
Numerous attempts have been made to manufacture sorghum,
but that branch of labor is nearly abandoned. Eyery year new
branches of trade and manufacture arise, adding another demand
for labor, and opening new channels'for investment; among these
may be found the manufacturing of cheese boxes.
It would exceed the time and space we designed to fill to par-
ticularize the trade in fanning mills and pumps, which furnish
labor for a number of men, and articles for the surrounding *
country. Suffice it to say, the genius of the American people
will never fail to find new sources of employment, when old ones
become overworked or non-productive.
Several mineral springs have lately been discovered in the
county, said to contain medicinal qualities equal to any this side
of the Rocky Mountains. Their virtues are now being tested.
KEWAUNEE COUNTY.
BT KDWARD BACH AHD W. V. PERRY, AHNAPXB.
Kewaunee county is situated on the shore of lake Michigan,
one hundred and ten miles from Milwaukee. The general topo-
graphy of the county is rolling. The quality of its farming lands
is excellent, though some swampy, yet when drained, is suscep-
tible of producing equal to the uplands. In the eastern part of
the county the soil is of a clay loam, but as you approach the
west line of the county it is mixed with gravel and sand. There
is hardly an acre of land in the county but what is capable of
cultivation. Actual settlers are in possession of about 150,000
91
acres of land; the balance is held mostly by speculators. The
county is heavily timbered; the varieties are principally oak,
beach, maple, basswood, elm, cedar, pine, hemlock and tama-
•rack. Owing to the facilities for water transportation, lumber
and timber find a ready market. Railroad facilities are as yet
prospective, but the Green Bay and Lake Pepin railroad must
eventually have a terminus on th& lake, and Ahnapee ^will be
the most direct point.
The principal source of industry is agriculture. Winter wheat
has been grown in this county aggregating 42 bushels to the
acre, and weighing 62 lbs. to the measured bushel. Next in
importance is the dairy business. Manufacturers will in the
future find "eligible localities here, as timber, and especially
hard wood varieties, is so plentiful.
Kewaunee village manufactures lumber to a large extent, and
the supply of timber will last for many years to come.
There are now in the county 7 grist mills, 4 tanneries, 3 fur-
niture manufactories, 8 wagon shops, 15 blacksmith shops, 12
saw mills, 4 breweries and 3 brick yards.
To show that our spiritual and mental wants are also cared
for, I will state that we have 15 churches and 24 school houses.
Our climate can not be excelled. The purity of the atmos-
phere guarantees us against all fevers and ague, which are un-
known here. There are several pure springs of water that nev-
er dry up, and do not freeze in winter.
The government is now building the most extensive harbor
at the mouth of the Ahnapee river that there is on this side of
the lake.
Jhe land from which the timber is cleared will soon be put
upon the market, and makes the finest soil in the western coun-
try. It is mostly under control of Peter Scheiper, Esq., of Ah-
napee, who is well acquainted with the whole county, and will
gladly give information on all subjects concerning this county.
92
LA CROSSE COUNTY.
BT P. B. ELWBLL, WAXTHIKCIMEZ ; H. H. SOLBBRO AlTD CHAKLES 8EYHOT7B.
The state of Wisconsin, which probably has a larger diversity
of interests and embraces a greater variety of elements of wealth'
than can be found in any other state of the Union, or in any
country or province in the world of similar dimensions, is ap-
propriately represented by the county of La Crosse. About
one-third of the county is prairie, and has a very fertile black
soil, nearly one-third is bluffy, which is remarkably adapted for
stock raising, the balance is timber, sand, swamp and poor
bluffs; county contains about 300,000 acres of land, 250,000
assessed and 150,000 under cultivation. Nearly seven-eighths
is in possession of actual settlers, held at an average price of
fifteen dollars per acre; state owns 5,000 acres of land, mostly
located on the Mississippi river bottoms; owned by general gov-
ernment, and subject to entry under homestead law, is about
40,000 acres, quality being generally poor, bluffy, swamp and
sandy land, and located in all parts of the county. We believe
no lands are owned by any railroad corporation. Facilities for
water powers are good; many of which are improved, and have
been made to serve as a valuable item in the commercial inter-
ests of the county. The prevailing timber of the forests is
black and white oak. Valuable stone quarries are worked, and
of good quality. Black and La Crosse rivers traverse the county,
though navigable only for logs and rafts. The Milwaukee and i
St. Paul Railroad runs through the county from east to west;
also, Winona "cut off" on western border. Several roads are
in contemplation, with encouraging prospects.
The dairy, as a branch of agriculture, has received considera-
ble attention, and has been satisfactory and profitable to all
concerned. The county has little prairie land. The choice .
farms in all directions are in valleys of ei^ceeding richness; and
' from the bold bluffs, which are perpetually washed by rain in
spring, summer and autumn, and by snow in winter, to enrich
the valley lands, living springs send out generous streams of
93
the purest water. The tiers of Wisconsin and Minnesota coun-
ties on the Mississippi river, although rough, are remarkably
adapted to stock raising and dairy purposes. While these val-
ley farms are perpetually replenished by the wash from the bluJET
slopes, the latter are kept in deep verdure by the moisture
caused by great and sudden disparity in the temperatures of
water, land and air, and by the invigorating ammonia produced
by the late autumn and early spring fires. These bluffs are thus
self-constituted fertilizing agents to strengthen the valley farms
for the heavier task of yielding generous crops. Vegetation in
La Crosse county, on the first day of June, is usually as far ad-
vanced as it is in northern Illinois and northern Indiana two or
three weeks later.
In reference to home markets, it is gratifying to notice in and
at the city of La Crosse, with a population of about ten thou-
sand, which is one half of the entire county, increased attention
to manufactures, which give employment to large numbers of
skilled artisans, who become valuable consumers of farm pro-
ducts; and thus between the demands for home consumption,and
for southern and eastern markets by water and rail transportation,
the farmers have a choice of markets. This serves to illustrate
the substantial benefits derived by farmers from proximity to
manufacturing establishments, and demonstrates the existence
of a permanent bond of sympathy and a mutual interest be-
tween these two higher branches of industry. The lumbering
interests of the Black river have their seat, center and market
of purchase, sale and supply at La Crosse; and from this source
alone, manifold benefits accrue to the agricultural producers of
this and contiguous counties. The largest, safest and best ship-
yard between the mouth of the Ohio river and the Falls of St.
Anthony, is located in the well-protected harbor between La
Crosse and the mouth of Black river. It is the headquarters of
the larger fleet of steamers and barges employed in the naviga-
tion of the Upper Mississippi and its tributaries. It is a valua-
ble item in the commercial elements of this vicinity, as the pro-
duels of the soil and forest, and the skill and labor of mechan-
ics are in large request during the winter season, when naviga-
94
tion is suspended, and when, in other localities, there is, com-
paratively a depression in business. Thus, it will be seen, that
La Crosse city and county are fiivorably located, constituted
and occupied, with reference to agricultural and other indus-
trial interests; and that with railroads reaching east and west,
and river navigation north and south, ^* everything is lovely.^'
Elducation is not neglected, but receives vigorous attention.
The character of our inhabitants, the majority of whom are
accustomed to, and fully appreciate the value of popular educa-
tion, would insure due regard to this most important feature of
a well ordered community. As to the press of La Crosse, it is
safe to say that liberally patronized and enterprising newspapers,
published in the English, German and Scandinavian languages,
have long been in successful operation.
With so many elements of strength and influence actively
employed, no one need be surprised at the steady and rapid pro-
gress of the city and county of La Crosse. Without boasting,
it may be truthfully said, La Crosse is one of the live, progres-
sive, enterprising, prosperous points in the west; and the solidity
beauty and magnificence of its private residences, public edi-
fices and business establishments, would be interpreted by any
intelligent observer as palpable evidences of wealth and refine-
ment. The recent discovery of a considerable quantity of bitu-
minous coal of a superior quality, at a depth of about forty-five
feet from the surface of the ground, where three German farm-
ers were digging a well on the side and near thd base of one of
the bluffs, about four milos east of La Crosse, establishes beyond
all controversy, the fact that Wisconsin has coal of a good qual-
ity, and it is to be hoped that measures will soon be adopted to
develop this important resource.
LA FAYETTE COUNTY.
BT LABS. E. JOHKBON.
This is one of the first settled counties in the state but its life
and prosperity received but little impetus until within tl^e last
96
decade; nearly all of the principal agricultural resources have
been developed within this period. The general topography of the
country is undulating. The soil is an admixture of black loam
and clay. County contains 397,366 acres of land, three-fourths of
which is under cultivation. Nearly all, however, is capable of
the highest cultivation. All the lands are in possession of bona
fide holders, except a few small tracts, which are owned by the
state, located in town ten, range four east, in section sixteen.
Water facilities are excellent, but only used in the runnihg of
flour mills, no other kinds of machinery of any account being
used. Agriculture is the leading industry of our county, yet a
large number are engaged in lead mining, which is carried on
with perfect system. Lead is found in all positions, and in every
town of the county, the largest mine being in Shullsburg. Lead
is principally found in crevices in rocks, mixed with clay and
sand. Copper has been worked with but little success. The
carbonate of zinc is found in most of our lead shafts, but has
never be^n put to any use. The prevailing timber is oak, wal-
nut, maple, hickory and ash. Picatonica, Galena and other
branches traverse the county, and are stocked with black bass
and pickerel. The Illinois Central railroad runs through the
county north and south, nearly in its center. There is a very
favorable prospect that the Monroe branch of the Milwaukee
and St Paul railroad will be extended to the Mississippi, run-
ning through the county east and west. Farming and mining
are the principal sources of industry.
Much attention has been paid to the root crops. The potato,
owing to a good market south, has commanded a good price, and
consequently has been largely cultivated. Many new varieties
have been experimented with; the rage has quite equaled the
hop fever. This county claims to understand the potato cul-
ture, and regards it as having yielded the best results of any-
thing put into the ground. The English farmers cling with
tenacity to the turnip, which is by them regarded as essential to
good husbandry; while the American farmer cultivates the car-
rot, as more nutritious and less bulky.
We have been more successful in the cultivation of fruit than
/
96
most of the counties of the state. A great variety of apples are
exhibited at our annual fairs. The apple crop of the county sup-
^ plies most of the demand for home consumption. From 1855 to ^60
many thin]^ combined to injure fruit and fruit trees, but since that
time there has been a marked improvement in the general
health of the orchards, as well as an increase in the yield. The
bark louse has entirely disappeared in a large number of the old
orchards, thereby indicating an improved condition in the health
of the tree.
Our ezporience on location is in favor of dry soil, and shelter
from the wind. Upon north and south exposure we have the
experience of two farmers, who, thirty years ago, planted each
two orchards, facing north and south. To-day there is no dif-
ference in the four orchards; about half of each are dead, of the
remaining trees twenty- &ve per cent, give signs of speedy de-
cay, the remainder look healthy. Prospects are veiy flattering
that our farmers will soon enjoy all the fruit from the apple tree
that their wants demand.
Some varieties of pl«ms succeed. Pears have been grown of
a very fine flavor; the cherr^ promises but little; the peach has
several times been brought to the highest perfection in fruit,
but immediate death followed the first fruiting; grapes are
grown in great abundance, their culture on a small scale is quite
general.
The county offers but few inducements to immigrants with
small means.
MANITOWOC COUNTY.
BY ». J. GILBEBT, P. BCHtJLTZ AKD G. W. BTIRNBTT, MAKITOWOC.
This county is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan, and is
bounded on the north by Brown and Kewaunee counties, on the
east by Lake Michigan, on the south by Sheboygan county, and
on the west by Calumet county.
The surface of the county is principally rolling, and covered
with hard wood timber, consisting of oak, beech, maple, cedar
97
and hemlock. The last is principally valuable for its bark, which
is very largely used for tanning purposes. There are about ten
sections of what is denominated swamp lands in the county, but
these with a little improvement, will make excellent grass lands.
Pine is found along the lake shore where the soil is sandy, bu*
in the interior of the county the soil is a clay loam, and is good.
There are about 367,761 acres in the county, with about three-
fifths under cultivation. About two-thirds of the balance can
be cultivated with profit.
About seven -eighths of all the land in the county is owned
by actual settlers, and the price will average about $22 per acre.
There are a few thousand acres of land owned by the state, in
the towns of Eaton, Maple Grove, and Rockland, in the western
part of the county. The price of these lands is about $1.50
per acre.
The water power of the county is excellent. There are seven
good powers on the Manitowoc river, and four on Five Rivers,
all partially improved; there being invested about $160,000,
but all of these are capable of a much farther improvement.
Floating copper ore has been found in the towns of Cato and
Cooperstown. Two lumps, weighing upwards of 260 pounds,
were found in the latter town last year, and it is supposed that
both copper and iron ore exists in the county in paying quanti-
ties, though no effort at development has yet been made.
The very best of clay for brick is found all along the lake
shore, and there a large number of brick yards, and large quan-
tities of brick have been shipped the last two years. Marble
and valuable stone quarries are also found along the Manitowoc
river, and extending into other portions of the county, but these
have not as yet been developed to any great extent.
The Manitowoc river passes through the center of the county,
and is navigable for three miles. The Two Rivers forms a junc-
tion at the village of the same name. Fish abound in both of
these streams, and in other smaller ones to a considerable
extent.
The lack of railroad facilities of this region have heretofore
been a great drawback; but all that is now about to be changed.
7— IifM. (Doc. 15.)
98
The railroad from Manitowoc to Appleton is completed. It will
connect with the Wisconsin Central at Menasha, thus giving
direct communication with the Northern Pacific Railroad. The
Lake Shore Roaid from Milwaukee, will «lso be completed in the
spring, and then no part of the state will have better railroad
communications than this county.
Agriculture is the principal industry of the county. In 1872
there were raised about 600,000 bushels of wheat, 400,000
bushels oats, 100,000 bushels peas, 100,000 bushels rye and
500,000 bushels potatoes.
The city of Manitowoc is a lively, thriving place, and ship-
building is there carried on to a considerable extent. Four
large tanneries are here in full operation, with a capital of about
$90,000. About 70,000 barrels of flour were shipped from the
city the past year.
At two Rivers there is a large tub, pail and chair factory, and
tannery, with a capital of $30,000. There is also manufactured
about 50,000,000 feet of lumber annually.
With the excellent water powers in the county, and the ease
with which all kinds of hard wood can be obtained, it is readily
seen that Manitowoc county offers extraordinary inducements
for many branches of manufacturing, where hardwood enters as
the principal material. Shipping facilities to the interior of the
state will soon be excellent, and we see no reason why manu-
facturing shall not largely increase.
The climate of the county is good, the inhabitants intelligent
and thrifty; in short, Manitowoc county is a good placefor
capital or labor to come to.
Either the following gentlemen will gladly give further infor-
mation about this county, to all who may desire it: S. B. Sher-
wood, John Franz, W. A. Place, Manitowoc; Michael Kellmer,
Kellmerville; John Brass, Rosencrans; E. Rapbery, Center-
ville; John Voss, Kiel.
99
MARATHON COUNTY.
BY W. C. SILYBRTHORK AND B. RIKGLE, WATTSATT.
Marathon county is the largest county in the state; it is one
hundred and twenty miles in length and fifty- four in width, con-
tains ninety-seven townships and about 4,000,000 acres of land.
The soil is very rich and well adapted to agricultural purposes.
It is generally of a black loam, resting on clay and covered with
vegetable mould. There are not over 50,000 acres under culti-
vation. Owned by the state are upwards of 50,000 acres, being
mostly school and university lands, and can be purchased for
from fifty cents to one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.
There is probably half a million of acres still belonging to the
general government, subject to entry either by purchase at one
dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, or to be entered under the
homestead law, principally in the northern part of the county.
Water power is abundant, but comparatively few improve-
ments have been made.
Bulls Junior, Little Bulls, Big Bulls, Johnny Bulls and Grand
Father Bulls Falls are somewhat improved with saw mills, but
there is room for many more, and hundreds of others on the
west side of Wisconsin river. Spirit river. Big Eau Claire, Lit-
tle Eau Claire, and many other streams, too numerous to men-
tion. In fact water powers are scattered everywhere in greater
abundance than they can possibly be used for years and years
to come.
Small capital could be invested with remunerative returns.
Iron, copper and lead are known to exist, but not developed.
The principal varieties of timber are pine, oak, maple, ash, elm,
hemlock, etc. Large quantities of granite quartz rock are found
but not worked to any great extent. The Wisconsin river runs
through the center of the county from north to south, and with
its numerous tributaries affords abundant and reliable water
power. The county contains within its boundaries innumerable
small lakes, filled with all kinds of fish. The principal articles
of manufacture are lumber and shingles, which also constitute
100
our chief exports. There can be no doubt that this county of-
fers inducement to settlers equal, if not superior, to any in the
west. The rush of immigration west of the Mississippi has
caused this county to be overlooked to a great extent, but it is
rapidly being settled. Choice lands can be bought at from two
to three dollars per acre. The pineries aflford a good market for
all farm products. The climate is remarkably healthy; atmo-
sphere is pure and dry; the water soft, pure and abundant.
The Wisconsin Central railroad passes along the entire west-
em border of the county, and will be finished through to Ash-
land during the coming summer. This will afford excellent
means of communication for the entire western part of the
county. There are along this line of road large tracts of good
farming lands that can now be bought cheap, and many that
can be entered as homesteads, and there is no doubt that this,
in a few years, will be a very rich country. The pineries and
the extensive iron mines that will soon be worked in the Penoka
range, on the line of this road, will afford a home market for all
the productions of the farmer.
Hardwood timber of all kinds is very plenty, and that the
manufacture of this can be made profitable, there is no doubt.
Labor of all kinds is in demand the year round and at good
wages, and, taken all in all, we know of no place where the man
of capital can invest his means with a greater certainty of profit,
or where the poor man who seeks a home, or the laborer can go
with a greater certainty of gaining a comfortable livelihood, and
laying up enough for a comfortable old age.
For further information about Marathon county, address B.
Kingle & Son, Wausau, who are well posted as to its resources,
and will willingly impart their knowledge to such as are anxious
for information.
101
MARQUETTE COUNTY.
BY HON. 8. A. PBASE, MONTELLO.
The whole country is openings and timber; the soil is diver-
sified clay and loam, with considerable sand, and extensive
marshes furnishing abundance of natural meadows and pasture.
The county is well watered with springs, small creeks and large
mill streams. There are ten flouring mills, four woolen factories,
two sawmills and one iron foundry in the county. Fox river
runs through the county from east to west, with two thriving
villages upon its banks — having four warehouses for grain
and other shipping purposes. There are nine villages in the
county, all of them well supplied with business houses, and
well patronized.
Montello is the county seat, with a large and commodious
court house, built of stone and brick, two churches, stores and
machanics' shops, two flouring mills and a woolen factory. Mon-
tello is situated upon Fox river, where we have a regular line of
steamboats from Berlin down the river. •
It has more water power than any other town this side of
Neenah, and only about one-fourth improved and used. A
foundry, tannery, sash and blind factory, and many other kinds
of factories coidd do a good and paying business here and are
much wanted.
The Montello river, a large mill stream, empties into the Fox
at this place, and furnishes power for one-half mile of machinery,
which is not one-fourth part improved. 7 he inhabitants are
made up of one-third Americans, one-third Germans, and one-
third Irish. A large majority of the settlers came in poor, and
are now in good circumstances, some of them getting rich.
Land is worth from five to fifteen dollars an acre, and there can
yet be found good chances for several hundred families to make
good homes, with a very little money. In less than three years,
we expect to have from one to three railroads running into or
through Marquette county, which, with the ship canal along the
channel of the Fox river, will give Marquette county transporta-
102
tion and market facilities not excelled by any county in the
state.
The climate of the county is good, the water excellent and
the people are healthy and happy, and others, who come amongst
us to live, will be made to enjoy all the blessings we have
enumerated.
John Barry, register of deeds at Montello, and the writer of
this, will give further information and assist parties in locating
lands, or looking up property of any kind.
MILWAUKEE COUNTY.
This county contains about 152,000 acres of land, of which
about 9,000 acres lie within the corporate limits of the city of
Milwaukee. Four-fifths of the entire amount of farming lands
are under improvement, and together with the unimproved lands,
which are mostly timber, and often more valuable than the im-
proved, have an average value of $75 per acre.
The present population of Milwaukee county (1870) is 89,936,
of which the city of Milwaukee contains 71,461. The city has
maintained a steady growth in population as well as prosperity
since that time, and the population now considerably exceeds
this number.
As there are no public lands in Milwaukee county, its statistics
will be chiefly interesting to immigrants, as they set forth the
opportunities for procuring a livelihood in the different mechanic
arts and the occupations attendant thereon.
To the skilled artisan who intends to emigrate and follow his
calling or occupation, the city of Milwaukee affords employment
to large numbers in its foundries, machine shops, its furnaces and
rolling mills, railway repair shops, in the manufacture of furni-
ture, of barrels and all descriptions of cooperage, of boots and
shoes, of clothing, and the numerous other, no less useful but
minor handicraft.
For the common laborer, employments are to be found on the
103
docks, in the lumber yards, breweries, freight warehouses, grain
elevators, on its railways, in the stores of the wholesale mer-
chant, and the various labors incident to the building up of a
young and flourishing city.
The annual report of the Chamber of Commerce for 1871 shows
the assessed value of real estate in the city of Milwaukee to be
$35,288,391. In extent of marine commerce, it ranks as the
fourth city in the United States. The number of entries at the
custom house during the year were 4,878, with a total tonnage
of 1,947,119 tons, and of clearances 4,877, representing an
aggregate tonnage of 1,938,414 tons.
The receipts of grain for the year 1871 were 19,300,284 bush-
els, of which 15,686,611 bushels were wheat.
The shipments of flour were 1,211,427 barrels, and the amount
manufactured in the city 567,893 barrels. The shipments of
wheat to eastern and Canadian markets during the year,
amounted to 13,407,467bushel8,andof flour to 1,211,427 barrels.
The total number of hogs packed in the city during the sea-
son just closed was 320,232.
The total receipts of foreign merchandize, exclusive of rail-
road iron, pig iron, salt, plaster and coal, received at Milwaukee
during the past year, were 127,257 tons.
Of railroad iron, there were received 10,777 tons; 25,691 tons
additional were manufactured there, making a grand total of
37,468 tons; 36,083 tons of pig iron were received during the
year, and 103,936 tons of iron ore.
Thus will be seen, very succinctly stated, the business annu-
ally transacted in the commercial emporium of Wisconsin, and
which is annually increasing with that marvelous rapidity inci-
dent to the rapid settlement of the western world.
Milwaukee contains between fifty and sixty churches, belong-
ing to various denominations; has nine large and elegant public
school buildings, where the children of the poor and the rich
are alike educated free of expense. For salubrity of climate, it
is unsurpassed in location, and the annual death rate per thou-
sand is leas than that of either of its neighbors, Chicago or St.
Louis.
104
Situated as it is, with its great facilities for lake commerce,
and the thousands of miles of railways radiating throughout the
great northwest, it cannot fail to continue to be, what it now is,
the commercial emporium of Wisconsin, and one of the three
great business centers of the northwestern United States.
The following is taken from the excellent report of Wm. J.
Langson, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, for the year
1871.
"advantages op MILWAUKEE FOB MANUPAOTUBING PURPOSES.
" It is to be regretted that there is no means of accurately as-
certaining from year to year the actual extent of manufacturing
business carried on here. The last U. S. census placed the val-
ue of the products of our manufacturing 'establishments for the
year ending June 1st, 1870, at $18,838,783. The number of es-
tablishments and the facilities of most of those in operation at
that time have since been largely increased, and it would be a
moderate estimate to place the value of the products of our local
manufacturing establishments for 1871 at twenty-five millions of
dollars. And still there is a home market for more than four
times the quantity of articles manufactured here, with the possi-
ble exception of one or two commodities. The following article
from the " Milwaukee Journal of Commerce " upon the induce-
ments this city now offers to enterprising manufacturers is well
worthy of reprinting, and all who take pains to investigate the
subject will acknowledge that the picture is not over-drawn:
That Milwaukee did not long ago assume a position among
the leading manufacturing centres of the country has been a
cause of reasonable surprise to every one at all acquainted with
its geographical position and other extraordinary natural advan-
tages. Within the last five years, it is true, a great change has
been inaugurated. One has only to walk on the portion of
Ninth Street over-looking the city, and see the smoke of the
foundries, tanneries and other manufactories which are spring-
ing up along our splended water-front, and observe the throngs
of laborers going to and from their various daily industries, to
106
comprehend the destiny that is awaiting this favored place and
to feel that the onward strides are already begun.
" We bear in mind that there are already in our midst a con-
siderable variety of prosperous manufactures, including some of
no mean magnitude — that we have a rolling mill which compares
with the largest in the country, and which within the period of
three or four years has built up a village about itself — ^that we
have a foundry which supplies Japan with agricultural machinery,
and sash and blind manufactories that make a market of several
great states — that the products of Milwaukee tanneries com-
mand a premium over those of eastern manufacture — ^that our
furniture factories are called in requisition to supply Chicago as
well as cities further east and south; and that there are several
carriage factories here which compete, if not in the extent of
their operations, at least in the durability and excellence and
finish of their work, with the most famous establishments of
New Haven and New York. Yet it is with especial reference
to the future, that we propose to consider the manufacturing
importance of this point; and it is for the purpose of showing
capitalists at a distance that Milwaukee offers to-day a greater
combination of inducements for the investment of money in
almost any sort of manufactures than any other city in the United
States.
" We invite attention to the following points:
"1«^. The advantage of location. — Milwaukee is situated
on the finest bay of the entire chain of lakes, with a harbor open
to steam navigation through twelve months in the year, and
large enough to hold all the shipping of the western lakes.
^' It is probably by nature the best drained and best watered
city in the world. It could not otherwise have waited until it
was substantially out of debt before incurring the expense of
public water-works for the accommodation of its ninety thou-
sand inhabitants.
'^ Its atmosphere, in point of dryness, rates second among
American cities, and it is for that, among other reasons, one of
the healthiest.
^^ As a distributing point it has no rival, for these reasons: it
106
is the furthest point west by water from the Atlantic coast, and
the nearest by railroad to the Pacific. It is at the same time
one day nearer by water to Bu£Palo and Erie, as well as the
great northern sources of lumber supplies, ores and coal, than
Chicago. It possesses, by means of the Milwaukee river, the
Menomonee and Kinnickinick, over fifteen miles of splendid
dockage, centrally situated and connected with railroads. It
has, by means of the Kilbourn canal in the city, and the
river above, a very considerable water-power, which may be
vastly improved by a little effort.
" 2d. Railroad facilities. — The present and prospective
railroad facilities of Milwaukee are only exceeded by its pre-
eminent facilities of water transportation. The latter stands
first in the order of importance to manufactures. Yet it is
worth while to observe, in this connection, that the day is al-
most come when Milwaukee shall share equally with Chicago
the immense advantages of its thorough railroad system.
" There is no question but that Milwaukee is henceforth to di-
vide with Chicago the prestige and advantages of its railroad
system, and to enjoy, besides, the benefits of a superior position
with reference to the new and more direct lines of travel and
traffic between the Atlantic and the Pacific which are now being
drawn.
" 3rf. Cheapness of room. — ^We now come to a consideration
of the points more particularly, or at least more exclusively,
interesting to persons interested in manufactures. A large ele-
ment in the cost of any large manufacturing establishment is the
cost of room — the cost of land and of water front, of rents, of
buildings and of building material. In these respects, we have
no hesitation in saying that Milwaukee just now presents more
inducements than any other point that can be named. The city
has miles on miles of unoccupied water front, which is offered at
almost a nominal sum for the purpose of attracting manufactu-
rers and the improvements which they bring. Real estate is at
the lowest notch, and the cost of material and of labor in build-
ing is proportionally low. It is a moderate and safe statement
107
that the first cost of any large establishment in Milwaukee,
would be about one-third or one-quarter that of a similar estab-
lishment in Chicago or New York. Moreover, while the indus-
tries of those cities are taxed on debts of Tammany and scalawag
rings, amounting to from twenty to forty millions, Milwaukee is
now substantially out of debt, and is wholesomely disposed to
keep so.
^^ In illustration of the cheapness of land here, it is possible to
cite at least one large manufacturing concern, which has already
realized the expenses of its original outlay for land by sales of a
portion to its own employes, and has cleared on the speculation
the large and yery valuable estate which it now holds.
" ^th. The cheapness of its labor. — Labor, common and skilled,
is fifteen per cent, cheaper in Milwaukee than it is in Chicago.
The ruling price for ordinary labor there is eleven dollars a
week; here, it is nine. A large proportion of the population of
Milwaukee is composed of thrifty, frugal, industrious, productive
Germans, each of whom owns a little land about his house, and
sports a pig or two, and sends his troop of children to school,
and lays up money on nine dollars a week. Here is the basis of
manufacturing enterprises. Here are thousands of men waiting
for some productive employment, with an exhaustless and peren-
nial supply where these came from. Here is the muscle and the
material. All that is needed is capital, pluck and brains.
" We do not profess to have exhausted this topic. We have
merely furnished a few hints which may make it seem worth the
while of men with money to use, and possessing the brains to use
it, to make investigations for themselves. We might detail the
successes which have attended manufacturing enterprises now
in existence here. We might enumerate the brass and iron works,
the bellows manufactory, the galvanized iron works which,
although recently established, are employing over fifty men,
and doing probably as much as any other like establishment
towards the rebuilding of Chicago. Still we are disposed to con-
sider the manufactories atMilwaukee as at present in their infancy
compared with what they are to be. Instead of a single rolling
mill there is a call for half a dozen. We want the establishment
108
of Bessemer iron works and of mills to turn out merchant and
bar iron as well as iron rails. With these will come the count-
less manufactures of iron goods which are now brought from
long distances for distribution — of nuts, bolts, springs, edge
tools, safes, and all manner of light and heavy hardware. At
present, we are sending our hard lumber east to get it back as
furniture and agricultural implements; we ship ores to St. Louis
and New York to pay the cost of bringing it back in shot, type,
pipe, sheet lead, white lead, paint, etc.; we ship away our wool
crop and import clothes, carpets, blankets and other fabrics;
we give rags for paper, and hides for boots and harness, and
iron ore for stoves — and our consumers all the while are paying
the double costs of this unnecessary transportation.
" There is no manufacture of patent leather and leather for
buggy-tops in Milwaukee, and none we believe anywhere in the
west. Yet these products require western hides, which have to
be transported to the eastern manufactories and then brought
back again to supply the western market.
" Moreover, we at present have to send food long distances to
support the artisans and laborers who might be more profitably
doing their work right here in the heart of the market for the
products, and the source of agricultural supplies. Here are the
items of profit for enterprising manufacturers. Here are calls
for capital no matter to what extent. The saving of freights
alone on many of the articles, if produced here, would be a
handsome profit to manufacturers.
" Milwaukee is in the market to-day, bidding for capital, en-
terprise and business ability, and the more this subject is stud-
ied, the more apparent will be the inducements which this city
offers for the exercise of these attributes."
MONROE COUNTY.
BT O. B. DAHL.
Monroe county was organized as a county in 1854. The last
census (1870) shows that there are now twenty-one organized
towns in the county, containing a population of 16,552.
109
The general surface of the country is bluffy in the south and
central portions; the eastern and northern portions are covered
mostly with pine lands, and the western central portion is a
beautiful prairie commencing at the head of the La Crosse river,
and running southwesterly to the Mississippi river.
The county contains 575,000 acres of land, the appraised value
of which, on the assessment roll, is $1,783,524. About 50,000
acres of land is under cultivation. Actual settlers own about
two-thirds of the land, held at an average price of seven dollars
per acre.
The state owns 6,299 acres of school lands, and 18,158 acres
f swamp land. The swamp lands are, for the most part,
located in the northeast portion of the county. Part of the
swamp land consists of excellent hay and cranberry marshes.
The general government owns about 4,000 acres, subject to
entry under the homestead law; quality of the land not being
very good, and located in the northern and southern parts of
the county. The soil is varied, a large portion being of a sandy
character, and the balance loam and clay. The half west of the
dividing ridge is composed of ranges of blufi^s and valleys, the
valleys being exceedingly rich and productive, producing the
best spring and winter wheat in the state. The valleys are well
supplied with streams, which are filled with speckled trout and
other small fish.
The facilities for water are good, and sufficient for the manu-
facture of all raw material.
The prevailing timber is white or Norway pine, tamarack and
spruce, oak, basswood and maple.
The Milwaukee and St. Paul and the West Wisconsin are the
two railroads running through the county.
There are two artesan wells at Sparta, the county seat, one of
which has strong medical and the other magnetic properties.
The climate is healthy,.atmosphere invigorating, and the water
pure and soft.
110
OCONTO COUNTY.
Oconto county comprises that portion of northeastern Wis-
consin most valuable for its timber and farming lands, its im-
mense and unrivalled water power, its mineral deposits and
fisheries.
It is bounded on the east by the waters of Green Bay and the
Menomonee river, the first navigable for sail vessels and steamers
of the largest size, having a shore of about forty-five miles in.
Oconto county, and receiving in and from the same county,
three large rivers and several smaller rivers and streams.
Oconto county embraces an area of over five thousand square
miles. It is estimated that the unsettled portion of the county^
about one-third of the area, is covered with pine and hemlock,
one-third with sugar maple and other hard woods, and the re-
mainder with cedar, ash, elm, tamarack, and such timber as is
usually found on alluvial soils. Almost the whole surface of
the county is traversed and drained by numerous streams. The
southeastern portion of the county is rolling, and, near the shore
of Green Bay, level; the northwestern portion more broken and
rocky.
About twenty years ago the country was almost an unbroken
wilderness. A single saw mill on each stream, no road travers-
ing the county, and no farmers. Now the county is traversed
by three principal roads from south to north, and numerous
roads intersecting the towns in every direction, and making
accessible the pine and farming lands of the county. The single
saw mills have grown to a family of giants, fashioning into
boards and timber the huge pines as fast as three thousand men
and a thousand teams can bring them, and a hundred ships carry
the lumber away.
The population of the county is 8,322, a majority of whom
are foreigners. The largest portion of the county is still owned
by government, as the investment of capital has been almost
wholly confined to pine lands. The government sells its land
at from seventy-five cents to one dollar and twenty-five cents
Ill
per acre. The actual settler has the right of pre-emption to one
hundred and sixty acres for one year before he is obliged to pay
for his land. But to the homestead act this region owes much
of its late rapid growth and prosperity. Lands in and about
the settlements are for sale at from two to five dollars per acre.
The climate is healthy, and the winter has advantages which
fully compensate for its length.
The northern portion of the county is rich in mineral deposits,
which are destined to become a most important element of pros-
perity. A very considerable branch of industry must soon grow
up by the establishment of blast furnaces. The rivers and
streams traversing the county are used at present mainly as high-
ways over which float the logs and timber for the different mills*
They afford also unlimited water power, the value of which is
just beginning to be be appreciated. For the manufacture of
almost every article in wood, for saw mills, grist mills, tanneries
and factories, we have almost at our doors, an abundance of cheap
motive power.
As a grain growing county its reputation is established. A
more certain harvest, a good and even yield, plump berries with
more and better flour, are had here than in more southern lati-
tudes. The grass crop is one of the most profitable. Worth
from eighteen to twenty-five dollars per ton, at present, hay must
in the future command nearly or quite as good a price as now.
It is estimated that over one thousand tons are annually imported
into this county. A large portion of the present supply is taken
from the natural meadows and of course is of an inferior qual-
ity. A much smaller quantity of the wild grasses would be used,
and no hay would be imported if the home supply was sufficient.
We have cheap and excellent hay lands, but not hands enough
to seed them down and get the grass crop started.
The consumption of slaughtered cattle is very great, and it is
a very noticeable fact that our own beef dealers are securin g
land and feeding their own stock. At a low estimate, we im-
port one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of grain per annum
for working horses and cattle alone, which could be more pro-
fitably raised here. Of grain or grass, it may be truthfully said,
112
that either for home consumption or export, it can be raised
with profit in Oconto county. The root crops are unexcelled
anywhere, and with deep and careful culture, yield enormously.
Apples, cherries, plums and grapes do well. The smaller fruits
mature finely and yield abundantly.
OUTAGAMIE COUNTY.
Agriculture is the prominent interest in this county, for which
the configuration of its surface, the fertility of its soil, and its
accessibility to market are especially adapted ; yet it has equal
facilities for manufactures, which will be fully developed at no
distant day. The water-power furnished by the lower Fox,
which passes through its southeastern corner, and by the Wolf
river and its many tributaries, are unexcelled, either in extent
or availability. It has also an adundance of material for manu-
• facturing purposes in the heavy timber ^^ith which a large por-
tion of the county is covered.
The county has an area of sixteen townships, of which 75,935
acres are improved. The soil is principally a black loam, with a
subsoil of stiff clay. There is considerable low, or swamp land
in the county, but a large portion of it is susceptible of drainage,
and will eventually become the most fertile and productive land
of the state. Wheat is largely cultivated ; the census returns
of 1870 give a total of 353,187 bushels. Next in importance are
oats and corn; of oats, 200,000 bushels were raised; of corn,
56,331 bushels; potatoes, 66,725 bushels; wool, 34,799 pounds
was grown; butter, 282,704 pounds were made. The sum total
of our agricultural productions foot up $1,788,224. The popu-
lation of the county is given as 18,400.
Appleton is the leading city of the county, and is the seat of
a large manufacturing business. It has a population of about
6,000
The Fox river in its present condition furnishes a good outlet
for the productions of a large portion of the county; but when
113
toe proposed ship canal is completed and the railroad connec-
tions are made as contemplated, we shall have as good and di-
rect market facilities as any portion of the state* The county
presents rare inducements to all who are in search of cheap but
fertile farms, for pleasant, comfortable homes; or for opportuni-
ties for the investment of capital in manufaotariog enterprise
OZAUKEE COUNTY.
BT OU8TAV OOSTZB, FOBT WASHINOTON.
The county of Ozaukee contains seven townships, with some
over 15,000 inhabitants, of which number nearly three-fourths
are of foreign birch, and most of them Germans, l^he general
topography of the county is of an even surface, though in por-
tions somewhat rolling, and a small part is swampy.
The soil consists of red clay, which proves to be the best
for the purpose of raising wheat ; but also is the gray clay
and the black sandy soil, too, as found in some portion^ of the
county, of a good and fertile quality.
The county contains about 180,000 acres of land, of which
more than half is under cultivation, and more than seven-eighths
of it is owned by actual settlers. Neither the general govern-
ment nor the state of Wisconsin own any lands in Ozaukee
county. The average value of the land is from $20 to $30 per
acre.
Our stone quarries consist of white sandstone, and also lime-
stone, and several of them are in snocessful operation. The
Milwaukee and Northern Railroad runs from touth to north
through the county, furnishing excellent dacilities for suc-
cessfully operating, not only some ot such stcftie quarries, but
also mills and manufactories which are established on many of
our good water powers on the Milwaukee river, flowing from
north to south through the whole county, and oa Oedar creek
emptying into said river; and there is no doubt that still more
8— Iwc. (Doc. 15.)
114
water powers will hereafter bo improved. The Lake Shore
Railroad passes also from north to south through the county,
and will, when completed, add a good deal more to those facilities.
The principal timber is white and red oak, maple, tamarack
and cedar.
Agriculture is the'main source of industry, but there is also
a great deal of commerce, trade and manufacturing done. Nine
flouring and grist mills, six sawmills, seven factories and foun-
dries, two brick yards and two lumber yards are in full and good
operation, besides three stone quarries.
Our climate is considered very healthy and entirely free from
malarious diseases.
Port Washington, the county seat, has a beautiful location on
lake Michigan, about half way between Milwaukee and Sheboy-
gan, and, besides the court house and the county offices, has a
flouring mill, two foundries, several mechanics^ shops, two brick
yards, two lumber yards and one first-rate stone quarry; also,
one malt house and two breweries. It is a lively place and a
great deal of trade and commerce is done there, the more so as,
besides a good pier, the Port Washington harbor has now been
so far completed as to allow any ordinary size of vessels to run in.
PEPIN C50UNTY.
BT L. D. BAKER Ain> 8. P. CROSBY.
Pepin lies in the northwestern part of the state, its western
border being on the Mississippi river, at Lake Pepin. The
BurCace is 8<Hnewhat rolling. The soil is mostly of a sandy
loam, thou3^h in some sections mixed with clay. Coun^
contains in the vicinity of twenty-five thousand acres of
land, about one-third under cultivation; of the balance
nearly all is capable of cultivation. Actual settlers are in pos-
session of neadiy twelve thousand acres, worth from three to five
dollars per acre. The state owns only a few hundred acres in the
town of Waterville. Subject to entry under the homestead law.
115
are nearly eight thousand acres, located in the towns of Lirna^
Albany and Waterville. A few serctions of land are owned by
the West Wisconsin Railroad Company, for sale at one dollar
and twenty-five cents per acre. Good water privileges are to be
found in every town in the county. The forests are heavily tim-
bered with all kinds of hard wood. The Chippewa, Eau Claire
and Menominee rivers traverse the county, and are to some ex-
tent navigable. The larger kinds of fish are found in the Chip-
pewa, and abundance of trout in the smaller streams. Agricul-
ture is the principal source of industry.
There are six post offices; twenty-six school houses; four
church buildings; four flouring mills; six saw mills; one woolen
factory; two foundry and machine shops, and two other manu-
facturing establishments. Population of county, 4,659. There
are two thriving villages: Durand, with a population of over
700, and Pepin, with about 500 inhabitants.
Its agricultural productions are of the usual variety, and ex-
cellent in quality. According to the census of 1870, the amoun^
of wheat raised was 97,905 bushels; rye, 4,774 bushels; com,
109,485 bushels; oats, 80,118 bushels; barley, 7,409 bushels;
wool, 7,950 pounds; potatoes, 26,917 bushels; butter, 127,535
pounds. The total value of its agricultural productions is esti-
mated at $273,354.
PIERCE COUNTY,
BY H. B. WARNEIC
Pierce is the most western county in the state, lying princi-
pally in the southern portion of the St. Croix valley. It is
bounded on the north by St. Croix county, east by Dunn, south
by Dunn, lake Pepin and the Mississippi river, and west by the
Mississippi and lake St. Croix. The general surface of the
country is undulating, though somewhat bluffy, along some of the
streams. On prairies the soil is of a sandy loam; on timbered
lands it is generally of a clay loam. County contains 367,000
116
acres of land. The estimated number of acres of land in county,
owned by actual settlers, is about 200,000 acres. The state
owns 40,000 acres of land, located in every part of the county.
Quality of land good; worth about $1.25 to $4 per acre. But a
small portion of government land is left for entry under the
homestead law. The West Wisconsin Railway Company holds
about 25,000 acres under land grant; lands not in market. The
county is well watered, and divided by seven rapid flowing rivers,
running the whole length of the county. All of the rivers have
good mill sites at short intervals their whole length. There also
are numerous creeks and small streams, which discharge into the
rivers, some of which have sufficient fall for mill sites. The
varieties of timber are oak, ash, maple, basswood and elm. No
railroads are constructed within our county. On our western
and southern boundary are the St. Croix lake and Mississippi
river, and lake Pepin, which give us a water front of fifty-seven
miles, thus giving us fair facilities for shipping all our surplus
products. Lead has been found in limited quantities.
There are several very valuable stone quarries in the county, and
two large brick yards. A brick clay, said to be of a very supe-
rior quality, is found in the central portion of the county.
A woolen factory I think could do a good business at River
Falls, where there is an excellent water power, and a machine
shop is needed also at the same place. Wagon shops are needed
at Esdail, Ellsworth, El Paso, Martell and Maiden Rock.
Ellsworth is the county seat, and is surrounded by a rich agri-
cultural district. A new brick court house has lately been erected
at an expense of $20,000. The fourth state normal school has
been located at River Falls, which is a very thriving village.
There are about ninety school houses and fifteen churches in the
county. We have no county debt, and no bonds outstanding.
The climate is good, and the water of the very best.
117
POLK COUNTY.
BT J. Vr, Dl&AN AND CHAB. E. MSAB8.
Polk county is one of the northern agricultural counties of the
state. The soil is principally clay, though in some parts of a
sandy loam. County contains 700,000 acres of land, a part of
which is rich prairie, and upwards of 100,000 acres is owned by
actual settlers. Nearly all lands are owned by government and
subject to entry under the homestead law. The northern and
eastern townships of the county contain vast quantities of valu-
able pine timber, and the lumber business is one of the princi-
pal features. The principal water power is on the St. Croix
river at St. Croix Falls; at present it is unimproved. The county
is well watered, several small streams traversing the county,
filled with brook trout and other fine fish. County abounds in
lakes, the largest containing an area of from three to six miles.
Railroads are needed to develop the resources of the county;
the future prospects however, are full of encouragement; no
section in the state offers better inducements for the investment
of capital. Emigrants are fast seeking and settling homes,
giving indication that the county is well adapted to agricultural
pursuits. Lumbering is carried on to considerable extent, one
of the special advantages offered by Polk county is the natura^
meadows which are found along on all the streams and many of the
lakes, from which hundreds of tons of hay are cut annually.
For further information apply to Wm. J. Vincent, St. Croix
Falls; Daniel Mears, Osceola; Chas. Ayers, Farmington; V. M.
Babcock, Alden, and John H. Brown, Lincoln.
PORTAGE COUNTY.
BT J. PHILLIPS, 07 BTBVSH8 POIKT.
This is the most central county of the state, and although its
resources are far from being fully developed, it already holds
the first rank on the upper Wisconsin in regard to position, soil,
118
climate and commercial adTantages. It is thirty miles in length
north and sooth, and aboat thirty in width. The southern and
eastern portions of the county contain a majority of the inhabit-
antSy the northwestern part being composed mostly of heavy
timbered lands. Ihe nnmber of townships in the county is
twenty-two.
Onr agricoltnral resonrces, while they cannot, for obrious
reasons, compare farorably with those of the <^der and more
thickly settled portions of the state, are nerertheless far in ad-
ranee of the estimate formerly placed upon them. There is very
little waste land in the county — ^the few swamps and marshes
whidi it contains being sosceptible of drainage, whereby they
may be made equal or soperiorio the best farming land in this
ricinity. The soil in some portions of the county is alight
sandy loam, yet it is quite productive in faT<Mid>le seasons, and
under judicious management will doubtless be susceptible of
great improrement. In the eastern portion of the county, the soil
is probably as good for fanning purposes as in the northern
portion of the state.
The number of acres at present under cultivation in the
county is 61,079. Amount of wheat raised during the year end-
ing June 1, 1870, 210439 bushels; rye, 59,309 bushels; com,
64,033 bushels; oats, 152,143 bushels; barley, 6,137 bushels;
potatoeSy 113,976 bushels. Amount of wool produced during
the same year, 25,987 pounds; butter, 199,517 pounds; cheese,
7,936 pounds; hay, 9,652 tons; hops^ 70,074 pounds.
The total estimated value of all farm productions for the same
year, is $643,757; the value of manufactures (chiefly lumber)
produced, $522,742.
Owing to an idea which has prevailed very extensively, that
our sandy soil and long winters would prove an insuperable ob-
stacle to the raising of fruit, very little progress has been made
until quite recently in that direction. It has now, however,
been proved beyond a doubt, that many of the hardier varieties
of fruit can be as snccesafnlly raised here as in any portion of
the state. At the last county fair, fifteen varieties of apples,
^1 excellent and of fair size, were exhibited, from the farm of
119
Hon. Geo.W. Gate, in the town of Amherst. The flourishing orch-
ard and nurseries of Mr. Frank Felch, in the town of Stockton,
also afford abundant evidence of the possibility of fruit-raising
in Portage county. A large number of trees have been set out
by our citizens, and a few years will doubtless witness a vast
increase in the amount of fruit raised in this vicinity.
We have a sufficiency of good stone for building purposes.
The white and grey sandstone, of which the court house now
nearly completed at Stevens Point, is composed, affords a fine
illustration of our resources in the way of building material. ^
The manufactures of the county are thus far confined to the
single article of lumber, of which a great amount is annually
produced. The number of saw mills in the county is about
twenty-five, many of which are steam mills of largo capacity,
employing a great number of workmen.
The internal improvements of the county are creditable in
their character; a fine bridge has been built across the Wiscon-
sin at Stevens Point, at a cost of over twenty-two thousand dol-
lars. We have from 15 to 20 church buildings in the oounty,
and capacious and convenient school edifices in nearly all our
towns. The court house at Stevens Point is a fine stone build-
ing, now nearly completed, at an expense of thirty thousand
dollars; its elegant architecture and proportions would not do
discredit to any of our large cities. The Wisconsin Central
Bailroad traverses the county, and there are two or three others
in process of construction, whose advent is confidently expected
within a year or two at farthest.
With additional railroad facilities at our command, a new era
of prosperity will doubtless dawn upon our county, and a few
years to come will see her holding a prominent rank among the
foremost counties of the state.
120
RACINE COUNTY.
BY H017. W. C. ALLSK, RACIKS.
Racine county is bounded on the east by lake Mich ig in , o
ihe south by Kenosha county, on the west by Walworth and on
the north by Milwaukee county. The climate may be consid-
ered as good as in any county in this country, in the same lati-
tude, and in some respects superior. The waters of lake Michi-
gan exert a salubrious and healthy influence on the atmosphere
in dissipating all poisonous vapors that might be in the air, in-
ducing fevers and other sickness. In the summer season there
is always a Seabreeze from the lake during the night, and a land
breeze during the day, thereby changing the atmosphere almost
continually.
The topography of the county is that of an undulating charac-
ter, rising to two hundred and sixty feet or more above the waters
of lake Michigan. The county has only one considerable river,
— ^the Fox — which runs through the whole breadth of the county
from north to south, affording excellent water power in the
flourishing villages of Waterford, Rochester and Burlington.
Root river, which empties into the harbor at Racine, affords con*
siderable water power. The soil of Racine county is generally
of an argillaceous loam, rich and deep. The county is abund-
antly supplied with stock water. The subsoil of the county is
marl clay, generally free from gravel or sand. All kinds of tim-
ber grow in abundance in the county, common to the state,
except the coniferous class. The soil of the county is well
adapted to the raising of wheat, rye, barley, oats, com, potatoes,
turnips and carrots; but, in our judgment, there is no county in
the state better adapted to the raising of grass, and stock-breed-
ing. From the peculiar character of the soil, and the moist
atmosphere prevailing during the spring, summer and autumn
months, induced by the constant vapors from lake Michigan, an
abundant, sweet and nutritious grass is produced. Experienced
stock-growers have discovered this fact, and availed themselves of
its advantage, and started herds of superior blood. Among the
Ml
most prominent of stock-breeders, are George Murray, Esq.,
Richard Richards and Henry S. Durand.
The fauna of the country does not materially differ from
other counties of the state. The assessed valuation of the
county of Racine is 6,178 horses, valued at $352,298; 15,401
head of neat cattle, valued at $213,033; 61 mules and asses,
valued at $4,380; 36,008 sheep, valued at $55,883; 6,112 swine,
valued at $24,268; 3,211 carriages, wagons and sleighs, valued at
$90,588; 288 pianos and melodeons, valued at $32,140; $200,000
bank stock, valued at $240,000; merchants and manufacturers'
stock, $760,891; personal property, $632,682; 207,410 acres of
land assessed, valued at $4,698,133; city and village lots as-
sessed, $2,560,411. Population 26,742. Has 83,163 acres of
improved land; 166,676 bushels of wheat; 3,570 bushels of rye;
145,816 bushels of corn; 232,749 bushels of oats; 17,426 bush-
els of barley; 81,566 pounds of wool; 94,868 bushels of pota-
toes; 358,878 pounds butter; 625 pounds cheese; 26,383 tons
hay; 9,300 pounds hops. Estimated value of farm products,
$1,000,000. Estimated manufactured products, $3,174,825.
Public debt, $300,000. Paupers, 25, supported at a cost of
$5,000.
The stone and lime business is largely on the increase at the
city of Racine. A little outside of the city limits are inex-
haustible stone quarries, out of which is burned the very best
quality of lime. The limestone belongs to the Niagara group,
and is of excellent quality for cellar walls, and for the base-
ments of all kinds of buildings. The stone and lime find a
ready market, and the demand is largely on the increase.
The city of Racine is situated on Lake Michigan; has a large
and commodious harbor, and one of the finest elevators in the
state. The city stands about 40 feet above the lake, and con-
tains a population of 12,000, and is justly called the ** Belle
City;'' has fine railroad, steamboat and sail vessel connections
with all parts of the country; stands out in the lake about four
miles, on a promontory; winds from the northeast and west
blow over it, making the city one of the most delightful places
to live in in the west, and no finer summer resort can be found.
12B
The soil about and near the city is well adapted, as well as the
climate, to the growing of apples, pears, plums, cherries, grapes
and all small fruits.
It has fine public school houses, erected at a cost of over
$75,000; a college with over 200 pupils and eight professors, and
buildings and grounds valued at $287,000; twenty-two churches,
some of which cost large sums of money; and an orphan asylum
built by the munificence of Isaac Taylor, deceased, at an ex-
pense of $75,000. The city prides herself on her large and val-
uable manufactures. Among the most prominent of which we
mention J. I. Case & Co., who employed 280 hands and manu-
factured 1,300 threshing machines in 1870; the Geiser Thresh-
ing Machine Co. employed 100 hands and turned out 300 ma-
chines; Mitchell & Co., who manufactured 4,000 lumber wagons
in 1870, and employ 165 hands; Fish Brothers, in the same line,
employ 125 hands, also made 4,000 wagons in 1870; L. S. Blake
& Co.'s woolen factory, engaged largely in the manufacture of
shawls, flannels and lady's cloth; A. P. Dickey & Co., manufac-
turers of fanning mills and other agricultural implements, em-
ploy 50 men; Elliot & Wetherell, manufacturers of baskets,
employ 180 hands, making $100,000 worth of baskets per year.
Besides those mentioned above, there are a large number of
factories doing a large business, and adding much to the pros-
perity of the city, but space will not permit to mention them in
detail.
The city is twenty-five miles south of Milwaukee, sixty-two
miles north of Chicago, and commands a large local trade from
the surrounding \30untry. Her industrial pursuits are all on a
solid foundation. Not a single failure has occurred among her
business men the past year, and at this time may be regarded
one of the most prosperous cities in the west in proportion to
her population. Her public debt arranged and being funded in
new bonds at a sum of less than $300,000, running ten and
twenty years, she anticipates for herself a brilliant future.
Large wealth has already been acquired by many of her citi-
zens, and is increasing year by year. Her harbor admits with
ease and safety the largest vessels which float on the lakes, .and
123
commands as favorable position for trade and commerce as any
on the lake.
RICHLAND COUNTY.
BY J. H. WAOGONEB.
Richland county embraces about 370,000 acres (sixteen town-
ships) of land, valued by the local authorities at $1,780,000 — an
average of little more than $5 an acre. Personal and village
property swell the estimated value of the county to $2,580,000.
Population in 1860, 9,732; in 1870, 16,731; present, about
17,600.
The first settlements were made more than twenty years ago,
when hunting was the occupation, not simply the pastime — ^the
forests of that day abounding in bear, deer and smaller game.
Permanent improvements for agricultural and domestic purposes
were begun a few years later. One-sixth to one-fifth of the ter-
ritory is now under cultivation; one-half to two-thirds of the re-
mainder may be easily tilled, while very little would be lost to
the economical and intelligent farmer.
The soil near the Wisconsin river, which marks the southern
boundary, and from which the county is commonly approached,
may seem light; but it is not unproductive, as that which has
been cultivated has repeatedly demonstrated. The soil of the
northern two-thirds of the county is, in the main, a heavy black
loam, adapted to almost everything known to agricultural econ-
(Hny. The northern half is heavily timbered, and th^re is no
dearth of fencing and firewood anywhere. Oaks, elms, walnuts,
basswood, etc., are the prevailing timbers.
No section of the state is better adapted to stock-raising — ^the
hills and valleys and crystal brooks affording convenient range,
protection and water.
Much land is owned by non-residents, a little by the original
Fox and Wisconsin Rivers Improvement Company, about three
•A
124
sections by the state, and none by the general goyemment. Per-
haps the choicest selections are owned by residents of the many-
little villages which contribute to our commercial importance.
Any of the unoccupied land may be bought of the owners or
local agents at fair prices and on easy terms, for improvement.
Richland Center, the county seat ; Lone Rock, the railroad
outlet, on the Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien division of the
Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway; Cazenovia, a few miles from
the Chicago and Northwestern Road; Viola, on the Kickapoo
River, and Excelsior, on Knapp^s Creek, are the most thriving
and important villages. They possess excellent water powers,
only partially improved.
Pine River, Mill Creek, Knapp's Creek, Willow Creek, Bear
Creek, and other streams entirely within the county, afford such
volume and momentum of water as to challenge any other sec-
tion of the country to show better advantages for milling and
manufacturing of any degree. And these are supplemented by
the Kickapoo, the Little Baraboo, and others, which do not
course much of our territory, but are close to our boundaries.
Grain is easily produced; wool grown at little risk or expense;
and;the giant oaks and other timbers only await the coming of
man to convert them into the thousand things of daily use.
We do not have much encouragement to offer concerning
minerals. Lead has been discovered, and prospecting is con-
tinued with hope of ultimate reward. Iron crops out from the
surface, and is thought to exist in paying quantities; research
has not yet been made. In the town of Orion, a bed of marble
is thought to exist. Experts have pronounced some specimens
of it very fair.
Taken all together, the inducements held out by Richland
county to immigrants may be considered superior. Possessed
of the natural advantages briefly hinted at, and with a rigorous
atmosphere which has proved a bulwark against disease, it is as-
sumed that those seeking new homes will here find as many de-
sirable and as few objectionable features as exist anywhere. The
population of to-day is comparatively enterprising and intelli-
gent. Public schools are liberaUy encouraged, though other
125
enterprises suffer somewhat from mistaken notions of economy.
Agriculture and manufacturing engage the general attention.
The improvement of Pine river of which it is susceptible will
render it an invaluable carrier of the traffic of the county, and a
desirable feeder to the Wisconsin, the improvement of which is
being prosecuted with vigor. And a railroad to complete the
most direct route from Chicago to the Northwest must inevita-
bly seek its way up the Pine river valley.
ROCK COUNTY.
BT HOV. AliBZ. GRAHAM, JANB8VILLB, Ain> H. F. HOBABT, BBLOIT.
This is one of the oldest counties in the state, the first settle-
ment being made in 1835, and in 1839 the county was organ-
ized, the seat of justice being established at Janesville. It now
contains a population of about forty thousand.
It comprises one of the best agricultural districts in the north-
west. Its soil, climate and commercial situation are equal to
any other in the west, and there is scarcely an acre of land with-
in its limits which cannot be used for agricultural purposes. In
the brief space of thirty-five years, the entire county has been
opened up to cultivation, and over its entire surface may be
. found homes of comfort and beauty.
The farms in this county range in value from ten to one hun-
dred dollars per acre, and are sought for, not so much by emi-
grants seeking cheap lands, as by those desiring beautiful
homes, where they may at once enjoy all the comforts and con-
veniences to be found in the older and more wealthy portions of
the country.
Rock county is better adapted to the growing of grain than of
grass, and every year marks a decided progress in the mode of
tillage and the consequent iilcreased quantity of production.
The wicked and ruinous practice of many farmers of burning
the straw and manures, instead of returning them to the soil in
126
eompensation for its rich harvests, has-been abandoned. Wheat is
the great staple of production, itl>eing estimated that in a single
crop, the production of the county "was not less than three mil-
lions of bushels.
Corn, barley, oats and all the coarser grains grow in rich
abundance, amply rewarding the husbandman for his toil.
Notwithstanding Rock county is better adapted to grain grow-
ing than stock raising, our farmers are giving considerable atten-
tion to the breeding of stock, and acting upon, the correct idea
that it costs no more to raise a blooded animal than a ^* dung-
hill," are constantly introducing the best varieties, and at the
county fairs may be seen horses, cattle, sheep and swine, ani-
mals as noble as almost any other section of the country can ex-
hibit.
The surface of Rock county is undulating, and is drained by
the Rock and Sugar rivers, with their tributaries, nearly all of
which are of sufficient size to furnish water power for manufac-
turing purposes, and are more or less improved. Rock, one of
most beautiful rivers, as well as one of the very best mill streams
in the west, is already used largely for manufacturing purposes,
and every year is attracting more and more the attention of men
of enterprise and capital; when fully improved its power for the
propulsion of machinery is almost exhaustless* The facilities
for manufacturing in Rock county by water power are but par-
tially improved, and yet she ranks among the first in the west,
her annual manufactured product being worth not less than three
millions of dollars, consisting principally of flour, agricultural
implements, paper, woolen fabrics, cabinet ware, lager beer, etc.
During the last decade, the general business of the county
has greatly increased, and everywhere may be seen tokens of
prosperity and growth, based upon the production of diversified
labor in agriculture and manufactures. During the same period,
the public buildings erected in the infancy of the county have
given way to permanent and beautiful structures, and the county
now boasts of a splendid court house, costing over one hundred
thousand dollars, and churches of all denominations, equal in
size, style and convenience to those of almost any county in the
127
eastern or middle states; and the citizens of Janesville and Be-
loit each support a new and creditable opera house*
Bock county is pierced east and west, north and south, by the
Milwaukee and St. Paul, and the Northwestern railways.
The educational interests of the county have not been neg-
lected. Under our system of free graded schools, upon the
New England plan, valuable results have been attained, and it
is, gratifying to observe a steadily increasing interest in the
schools, and a proper appreciation of them by the people gener-
ally, The cities of Janesville and Beloit have each expended
large sums in the erection of school buildings, and the sum in-
vested for school purposes cannot be less than two hundred thou-
sand dollars. Superadd to this, Beloit College, under the pat-
ronage of the Congregationalists, one of the best managed and
most flourishing institutions of learning in the west; Milton
College, under the management of Seven Day Baptists, and the
Evansville Seminary, under the control of the Freewill Baptists,
and you place within the reach of every child in the county the
means of a liberal education.
The Toung Men^s Literary Association of the city of Janesville,
have collected within the last four years a very creditable library
of about four thousand volumes of well selected works, which form
a nucleus for ultimately placing within the reach of the reading
public a valuable means of culture.
Rock county contains two of the finest cities in the state of
Wisconsin — Janesville and Beloit; the former containing a
population of about ten thousand, the latter five thousand; be-
sides numerous villages.
Beloit is one of the most stirring manufaturing cities in the
state. The celebrated ^^ building paper '^ which has come into
such universal use of late years, was invented and is manufac-
tured to a very large extent here. The Rock River Paper Com-
pany, owning two mills in Beloit, have manufactured 8,000 tons
of various kinds of paper the past season, about 2,250 of which
was building paper.
The Beloit Straw Board Company is also doing an extensive
business.
1^
O. E. Merrill & Co. do a very large business in the manufac*
ture of the celebrated Hanston water wheel, and paper mill
machinery, 175 of the former being manufactured in 1871, and
the company having contracted to furnish the machinery for
seven paper mills the present season. The business for this
year is estimated at $200,000.
Parker & Stone's reaper works are also a very large estab-
lishment, and constantly increasing. Last season they manu-
factured 500 reapers, and are making arrangements to make a
good many the coming season.
J. Thompson & Co., manufacturers of the celebrated ^^ Norwe-
gian'* plow, are doing a large business. They manfactured
1,500 plows last season, besides a large number of wagons, car-
riages, etc. They have greatly enlarged their shops, and will at
least double the amount of manufactures the coming year.
O. B. Olmsted & Co. manufacture " Wheeler's Eclipse Wind
Engine," and do a variety of other work, aggregating a large
business. There are smaller factories and shops almost without
number, and the amount of men employed is very large.
There is also a water power, about l^- miles below the city,
which is entirely unimproved. Steps have been taken of late to
improve it, and, if this is done, the manufacturing facilities of
the city will be doubled.
In matters pertaining to horticulture, the inhabitants of this
county are not behind those of the other counties of this state.
Considerable progress has been made in the past few years in
these pursuits, and an improved taste is being manifested by the
people generally in beautifying and adorning their homesteads
by the liberal planting of fruit and ornamental trees, vines and
shrubs. Time and experience have demonstrated that with care
and attention, certain varieties of apples as well as pears and
plums can be successfully and profitably grown. The time has
arrived when many of our ^^country seats" take pride and pleas-
ure in fine grounds, and tasteful gardens; and in the cities
nearly every house has its garden spot, tastefully arranged with
choice flowers, vines and evergreens, and kept in the neatest
order. In addition to the flower garden, many have conservato-
139
ries stocked with choice winter flowering plants; while others
with less conveniences keep them in the parlor, and the effect is
a wide diffusion of a taste for flowers and a corresponding taste
and order throughout the whole household, making home more
pleasant and attractive.
ST. CROIX COUNTY.
BY DR. OTIS HOYT AlO) A. A. KELLT, HUDSOK.
St. Croix county contains 466,007 acres of land, about one-
fourth under cultivation. The general topography of the county
is rolling, though in many places swampy and hilly. The soil is
of a clay loam, very fertile, producing all kinds of cereals. Ac-
tual settlers are in possession of about 165,000 acres; worth $15
per acres. Land owned by the state is nearly all located in the
eastern part of the county. Owned by general government and
subject to entry under homestead law, is about 46,000 acres, lo-
cated in different parts of the county. Water facilities are ex-
cellent; the Willow river is a splendid stream of water, capable
of [running heavy machinery at numerous points, and other
streams traverse the county, on which are many good mill sites.
Oak, ash, elm, biich and basswood are the principal varieties of
timber. Several brick yards are in successful operation. Lime-
stone and stone quarries of good quality are found in many
parts of the county. The West Wisconsin Railway, now com-
pleted to St. Paul, runs across the county nearly in an east and
west line, near the center of the county. This is one of the
northern tiers of counties, and offers special advantages to emi-
grants, and all in search of homes.
For the year 1870, there was produced, 903,572 bushels of
wheat ; 68,700 bushels of barley ; 414,000 bushels of oats ;
59,000 bushels of corn ; 62,000 bushels of potatoes ; l,000Jiead
of beef cattle ; 1,300 fat hogs ; 7,253 tons of cultivated hay ;
9,400 pounds of hops ; which we flatter ourselves is doing quite
satisfactorily with a population of less than 12,000 people.
0-lMM. (Doc.15.)
130
In fruit culture we are doing something, and are succeeding
very well with some kinds of the apple, such as Duchess of
Oldenburg, and what is called the Russian crab — which is the
New England Early Harvest apple, with another outlandish
name — and some of the hardy winter apples. Currants, goose-
berries, strawberries, raspberries, and other small fruits, are a
sure crop* In the culture of grapes little has been attempted ;
but we fmd the more hardy varieties do well with judicious care.
The Concord, Hartford Prolific, Clinton, Ives, Seedling and Del-
aware do finely.
In breeding of cattle, some of our farmers are fast improving
their herds by crossing the natives, or what we call scrubs, with
the Durhams and Devons. In horses, we are doing something-
with the Black Hawk, Morgans and Brignolias. Sheep hus-
bandry has not proved remunerative, probably because we
started with the small Merinos. The Southdowns, Leicester-
shires and Cotswolds do finely. Pork production is steadily on
the increase. A cross of the White Chester and Suffolk makes
excellent hogs.
Manufactures are confined principally to lumber, flour, farm-
ing implements, tin and sheet iron ware, wagons, etc. We have
eight mills propelled by steam and four propelled by water for
manufacturing lumber, producing eighteen million feet, valued
at the mills at $216,000; and eight flouring mills propelled by
water, producing 30,000 barrels of flour annually. Two plow
factories, producing $20,000 value of plows annually; three
wagon factories, one furniture factory and one iron foundry.
The iron and steel used in manufacturing agricultural imple-
ments and wagons, is procured mostly from Pittsburg, Pa., the
wood from our own locality. There is annually cut within the
county limits, about 20,000,000 feet of pine logs, valued when
cut at five dollars per thousand, or $100,000: most of which is
worked up into lumber here.
There are ten church edifices in the county, valued at $57,500
a court house and jail worth $35,000; fifty-one school houses,
built at a cost of $47,000. For roads and bridges, we expend
about $16,000 a year.
131
The amount of general merchandise sold in the county per
annum is about $755,000; of agricultural implements, $50,000
worth.
During the year 1870, there were 540 steamboat arrivals and
departures, on which were shipped 714,000 bushels of wheat,
68,700 of barley, 5,000 of oats, 24,740 barrels of flour and 9,40§
pounds of hops.
The West Wisconsin Railway runs across the county nearly
in an east and west line, near the centre of the county, which
gives us direct connection with Madison, Milwaukee, Chi-
cago and the east, saving a distance of nearly ninety miles over
the Minnesota railways, making us an excellent outlet for our
products.
SAUK COUNTY.
BT W. H. CANFISLD, BARABOO.
Sauk county lies between latitude 33° 10' and 33° 35' and Ion-
gitute 89° 37' and 90° 19', or between the middle of town 8
north of the base line and the north side of town 13, and from
range 2 to range 7 inclusive, east of the fourth principal meri-
dian. It has for its northeast and southeast boundary, the Wis-
consin river, that is navigable for steamboats, which is now
being improved by the United States as a ship canal and na-
tional thoroughfare and military highway from the Mississippi
river at its mouth to lake Michigan at Green Bay, via. old Fort
Winnebago,now Portage City, the Fox river and lake Winnebago.
It has the Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien Railroad running
through the southern portion; the Milwaukee and La Crosse or
St. Paul Railroad running through the northern poriton, and the
Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, which is the main trunk or
most direct route from Chicago to the Northern Pacific Rail-
road, running through its central portion. Hence notwithstand-
ing its interior position as regards the great lakes and the great
Mississippi river, its commerce has wholesome checks for ex-
travagant rates of transportation by the nearness of the three
132
railroad lines to each other — the middle representing Chicago
interests, while the outside ones represent Milwaukee interests.
There is another wholesome check that might otherwise be de-
manded for high rates of transportation, which is the natural
competition that exists between water and rail transportation,
which a large portion of the people of Sauk county enjoy.
Steamboat navigation can, with a trifling expense, be brought
into the centre of the county via. the Baraboo river, which is a
sluggish and deep stream as far up as the rapids at the village
of Baraboo, where the stream falls 46 feet within 2^- miles as
now improved with four dams. It can be again dammed, making
over fifty feet within three and one-half miles. This is one of
the best water powers in the state. There is not one-fourth of
this Baraboo water power yet used. At the present time about
$500,000 value of goods and grains are manufactured here.
Here yet is opened a field for the employment of capital. There
can be readily thirty water powers enumerated within Sauk
county.
The westerji limit of glacial drift makes its line through the
northeastern part of Sauk county, taking a strip of the county
ten or twelve miles wide in its widest place. The land upon
this strip is chopped up into drift hills — in places is sandy and
poor; in other places alluvial and rich, with marshes, ponds and
lakelets. The glacial forces are here more strongly marked
than upon the country farther east.
In the driftless portion of our county, where the valleys and
ravines are truly and systematically washed out, the land is all
a strong clay loam and most of it rich and well watered. Sauk
county is all well watered. In the western and northern por-
tions the small streams arj filled wirh speckled trout; at one
place they are cultivated as a farm product. Farmers are lat-
terly turning their attention to dairying.
An interesting topographical feature of our county is an up-
heaved portion of country, ten miles wide by twenty long, of
paleozoic quartzite rock. In the disturbance of the crust of the
«arth, many miniature canyons and wild, rocky ledges, needle-
pointed, were formed, making the most romantic scenery be-
133
tween the great lakes and the Rocky mountains. Central to
this region and more than 200 feet above the Wisconsin river,
distant seven miles from it and two and a half miles from Bara-
boo, lies a lakelet, one and a quarter miles long by three-quar-
ters of a mile broad, surrounded by the most wild and romantic
scenery, with overhanging rock 400 feet above its placid sur-
face. The Chicago and Northwestern Railroad passes through
this gorge. A hotel is erected upon its shore. Thousands of
persons make a trip here annually to visit " Devil's Lake." Near
the western end of this upheaved country is the highest land in
the state of Wisconsin, as ascertained by Dr. I. A. Lapham, of
Milwaukee.
There is but a small portion of this quartzite region but that
is too rocky to cultivate. It is, however, heavily timbered,
which places a value upon " its broad acres."
There is one iron mine and one blast furnace in the county
that has run sixteen years, and has probably made 200,000 tons
of iron. At this time there are several other points in the
county that are now being " prospected," and it is believed that
there may be quite an extensive region of banks of iron ore
opened this winter or next spring.
There is a quarry of stalactitic marble in town 9 north, range
3 east, owned by a marble company at Madison. It is too far
from a railroad, being ten miles distant, and too shelly to make
it valuable. It crops out at several points in this neighborhood.
Speaking in a general way, we can say that Sauk county has
an excellent soil, is well watered and abundantly timbered, with
abundance of water-power, and large mineral resources, and
navigable streams. Certainly we have all the advantages a
people need ask for, and they are being rapidly taken advan-
tage of.
134
SHAWANO COUNTY.
BT CHA8. SmifNICnT, D. C. PULCIFES Am> F. A. DBLBOLIEB, OF BHAWANO,
AND W. O. DONALDSON, OF FULCIFER.
Shawano county is situated in the northeastern portion of the
state. . The general topography of the county is rolling. Quality
of soil along the banks of streams is a sandy loam, while on the
up'lands it is a black loam, with a clay subsoil. County contains
six hundred and fifty thousand acres of land with forty thousand
under cultivation; of the balance, five hundred and seventy-five
thousand acres a^ e capable of cultivation. One hundred and sixty
thousand acres are in possession of actual settlers. Located in dif-
ferent townships and owned by the state are about ninety-four
thousand acres for sale at from $1.25 to $2.25 per acre. Owned
by general government and subject to entry under the homestead
law are two hundred thousand acres, located in the western and
northwestern part of the county. Speculators are in possession
of considerable quantities of land, while a large tract is owned
by the Green Bay Improvement Company.
The county is fertile, yielding good crops of all kinds. Good
mill privileges are found on nearly all streams; good clay for
brick and other pnrposes is abundant, and brick are manufac-
tured at reasonable prices. The prevailing timber of the forests,
are oak, ash, pine, maple, beach, hickory, basswood and hemlock.
Of the streams that traverse the county, the Wolf is the largest,
being navigable up as far as Shawano village. The rivers and
lakes are filled with fish of all kinds.
HEALTHY CLIMATE.
As good physical health is the first advantage to be secured in
any country, so does the climate of this constitute its principal
charm. The atmosphere is dry and pure, and the weather re-
markably uniform. No devastating epidemic ever visited our
county. There is no ague and fever, and bilious and pulmonary
diseases are very rare. Our summers are as delightful as can be
wished for, and the winters, though cold, are not so severe that
135
one accustomed to any climate in the temperate zones, is com-
pelled to abandon out-door avocations. The atmosphere being
dry, the same degree of cold is not felt so keenly as in damp
climates. Cattle, sheep and horses are less subject to disease,
and winter more easily than in the chilly damps found further
south. During the winter we have uniform and pleasant weather,
and good sleighing, while the farmer can work every day, haul-
ing produce to the lumber camps, getting fencing or wood (which
only costs the labor of getting it out), hauling out manure or
preparing for the spring's work, which can be commenced as
soon as the frost is out of the ground, which gives a decided ad-
vantage over those sections where the farmer is compelled to
wait three or four weeks for the low, wet, heavy soil to dry,
before he is able to commence operations.
RAILROADS.
A railway is already in progress from Green Bay to Shawano
village, and will be finished next spring, and will pass through
the county, running westerly to the Mississippi river, thus af-
fording our citizens as good facilities for market as any county
in the state, as it will enable us to ship our agricultural pro-
ducts to the lakes or Mississippi, and opening a good market for
our timber and lumber, not merely for pine; but maple, beech,
elm, basswood, oak, ash, etc., will then be marketable and a
source of revenue to the settler. There is also a prospect in the
future of a railway along the Wolf river valley, passing through
the county north and south, as it is by far the best, and in fact
the only feasible route to the rich copper regions in the Onton-
agon districts, by far the most valuable in the United States.
ROADS.
Roads have been opened into every settlement, and the pub-
lic roads leading to market are well worked and liberal appro-
priations made to keep them in repair. The United States' mil-
itary road, leading from Green Bay to lake Superior, passes
through the county nearly east and west. Another road passes
through the county north and south opening up commuiucation
136
with Oshkosh. There are seven main roads leading from the
village of Shawano to all parts of the county, thus a£Pording the
emigrant excellent facilities to locate at any point and at the
same time be able to get his crops to market.
WATER POWER.
In water powers, Shawano county has more than almost any
other county in this section of the state, and what adds to their
value, is the fact that they are so equally distributed through
almost the entire county, and can be made available in nearly
every town. The Embarrass river affords valuable sites for
mills in the towns of Bell Plain, Pella and Grant, several of
which are already in use. The stream is unvarying and the
water abundant. Red river has power enough to run a hundred
first-class mills and manufactories. Wolf river can 'easily and
without any heavy outlay, be made available for a dozen or more
mills and machine shops. Mill Creek, in townships twenty-six
and twenty-seven of range fourteen, has several good sites for
mills. Shawano lake and its outlet give a good power at a little
expense. The outlet between Lake Shawano and White Clay
lake will furnish a good power for a grist or saw-mill. These
sites can now be purchased at reasonable prices; in fact some of
the best of them can be purchased of the state at $1.25 per acre.
There is also a splendid water power on Oconto River, near
Pulcifer, which is now being improved, and which will afford
power for a great deal of machinery.
«
PRODUCTIONS.
Shawano County is well adapted to the raising of winter
wheat; the winters are uniform and the snow covers the ground
and protects the grain, the result being a yield of from twenty-
five to thirty-five bushels per acre of very plump, bright wheat,
that produces the very best brand of flour. Oats, barleyjand
rye grow well and produce heavy crops. Corn is raised in con-
siderable quantities, but the ground is more profitable for winter
wheat. The soil is well adapted to hops. Broom corn yields a
good crop and furnishes work for the winter — the farmer manu-
137
facturing it into brooms. Potatoes yield bountifully, and are of
a most excellent quality. Onions, beets, carrots, parsnips and
all other root crops are grown with success. Grass lands yield
from one to three tons of hay per acre, which finds a ready mar-
ket among the lumbermen.
In the vicinity of Pulcifer, which is on the Oconto river, there
is much land that is good for farming purposes, and that can be
obtained cheap. The same may also be said of the western
portion of the county, where thousands upon thousands of acres
of land exist, some owned by the state, some by the general
government, and some by speculators, that will soon be taken
up by actual settlers. The great drawback to Shawano county
has been a lack of railroads, but now that these are assured, a
course of prosperity must certainly be hers. She has the same
advantage as all the other counties in the lumber regions, with
good home markets; and labor of all kinds, male and female, is
in constant demand, at good wages.
For further information in regard to this really excellent
county, parties can apply to either of the gentlemen named at
the head of this article, who will take pleasure in giving all
possible information.
SHEBOYGAN COUNTY.
BY J. H. DSNNISOX. SnEBOYGAN.
Twenty-five years ago, this county was a vast wilderness with
its forests of pine and hard wood, broken only by the lumber-
man who was employed in manufacturing lumber and exporting
it to a distant market, and the pioneer farmer was occupied in
cutting down the timber and burning it on the ground, to make
room for a farm. To-day more than half its surface is a cleared
field, and its remaining timber is valuable, and all needed within
its own limits.
At that time, and for years after, the pioneer su£Fered all the
inconveniences of settling in the woods. Now, he enjoys the
benefits of living in a timber region. Then, with his own han d
138
he scattered the seed amoiig the roots in the spring, and could
be seen swinging his cradle among the stumps in harvest. Now,
the seeder sows his seed upon the smooth field, and the most
improved reaper cuts and gathers into bundles the ripened
grain.
Then, his wheat was often rusted in his contracted clearing,
the frost cut his corn and destroyed his garden, while it seemed
doubtful whether a fruit tree would ever pay for the planting.
The bleached clay of the surface gave little intimation of the
wealth beneath, and some years had passed before it was gen-
erally known that it was especially adapted to grass. Few
counties have been harder to subdue, and few will pay better
for subduing. Progress, at first slow, accelerated as the years
passed on.
Fruit, though not as easily raised as in some countries is found
to repay judicious culture, and from 25,000 to 75,000 bushels of
apples is the yearly product. It is agreed among the pioneers,
that the climate is somewhat modified as far as agriculture is
concerned since the first settlement of the county, as but little
difficulty is now experienced in maturing corn and vegetables,
and some varieties of grapes. This is in part due to enlarging the
clearings, by which the air circulates more freely; in part to
ploughing and cultivating the soil by which the heat of the sun
by day is retained in the earth to temper the cold air of night.
Perhaps opening up and cultivating adjoining regions of the
west may have its influence. It is also evident that the products
of the field, the orchard and the garden, have become not only
adapted to the length of the season but to the temperature of
the climate, for it is believed that the degree of cold that would
kill com and vegetables in northern Illinois would not disturb
them here. In this way our seasons are somewhat lengthened,
and a damaging frost is often delayed until the 10th or 15th of
October. These considerations should be taken into account in
estimating the value of a timbered region in this latitude, and
will apply with more or less force to all northern Wisconsin.
There are no means of obtaining exact statements of the
amount of grain raised in the county the present season (1872),
139
but it is estimated that the crop of wheat is rather above that
of 1867, which was 570,600 bushels; there is also an advance in
the amount of com, oats, barley, peas, etc. Hajhas become an
important crop, and is shipped in large quantities to the Lake
Superior region and other points. The amount of clover seed
raised in the state of Wisconsin in 1869 was 2,706 bushels; in
this county the crop of last year, according to the books of the
clover mill owners, was 1,605 bushels, which is thought to be
less than the true sum.
The produce of the dairy, especially cheese, is continually
advancing; the late census places the amount of this article at
1,494,145 pounds as the product of the state. The dair}rmen of
this county have made, the present year, 770,000 pounds from
the milk of 2,200 cows, at an average of 350 pounds each.
There arc eighteen places in the county where cheese is made
upon the factory principle, and where may be found all the im-
proved appliances known to the most progressive dairymen of
the eastern states.
A large portion of the first settlers are of foreign birth, who
having passed nearly half their lives in Europe, were able to land
npon these shores with little more than the value of an eighty-
acre lot at government prices, yet have succeeded in placing them
selves in circumstances of independence, and often of wealth,
being possessed of valuable farms with commodious buildings
and all the improved and approved machinery so highly prized
by the American farmer. Their success may be owing in part
to habits of industry and economy transported from the old
country, and the stimulus afforded by free institutions, yet
much to the capacity of the soil for returning a reward for labor,
together with a near and ready market for the products. Labor
saving machines of all kinds become more numerous every year.
The present season there has been sold to the farmers of the
county nearly 300 reapers and mowers alone, and innumerable
implements of less value.
The manufactures of the county about equal the products of
the farm, and have advanced considerably since the late census,
particularly brick, of which about 6,000,000 are annually made.
140
cbiefly at the city of Sheboygan, finding a market at home and
at various points on Lake Michigan. Leather, of which large
quantities of unfinished are yearly sent to the Boston market.
Chairs, which find a market in the cities of the west, and steel,
which is a new enterprise, carried on at Sheboygan, while other
articles, such as Hour, lumber, wagons, steam engines, farm im-
plements, cloth, pottery, etc., are manufactured with enterprise
and success. Steam, as a motive power, is considerably used,
yet there are a number of unemployed water powers that can be
obtained for from one to five thousand dollars each, sometimes
with a saw mill thrown in.
The facilities for commerce have greatly increased, and the
business of the port of Sheboygan has nearly doubled in the
last three years. Six years ago no railroad extended beyond
the limits of the county. Now the Sheboygan and Fond du Lac
railroad extends to the Fox river, and the Milwaukee and North-
ern to Menasha, crossing each other at Plymouth near the cen-
ter of the county. The Lake Shore road extends from Milwau-
kee to Sheboygan, and will soon reach Manitowoc and Green
Bay. These, together with a good harbor and lake commerce,
ought to serve all the requirements of business and travel needed
for the full development of the industrial interests of this county.
A court house has recently been built here, at a cost of
$65,000, also several churches and numerous brick blocks, which,
together with the manufactories erected here recently, improve
the aspect as well as the business of the place. When it is re-
membered that manufactories in the county are still in their
infancy, that many of the numerous water powers on the streams
are still unimproved or unoccupied by saw mills that must, for
want of timber, soon give place to other machinery; that many
articles, now imported from the east, may be made more cheaply
here, both on account of a more ready access to the raw mate-
rial, and on account of living and building more cheaply, it is
certain that manufactures and commerce will eventually con-
tinue to advance.
141
TREMPEALEAU COUNTY.
The area of this county is about twenty townships. Of these
only about 66,674 acres are improved. The soil is quite varied
in its character; in some places, along the river bottom lands,
there are patches where sand predominates, but much the
greater portion of these lands are susceptible of cultivation and
yield good crops. With this exception the soil is a rich, vege-
table loam, underlaid with a clay subsoil. All the vegetables
and cereals common to our state are easily raised here. Wheat,
both winter and spring, is largely grown, and does well. The
amount of our agricultural productions, as taken in the late cen-
sus, is given as follows: Of wheat, 516,664 bushels; of oats,
246,196 bushels; of corn, 147,550 bushels; of rye, 10,130 bush-
els; of potatoes, 47,653 bushels; of butter, 341,068 pounds; of
wool, 38,523 pounds.
The surface of the county is somewhat broken; along the
courses of the rivers is generally a strip of level bottom land,
varying in width; these usually terminate in sharp ridges or
bluffs, with an undualting or rolling surface at the summit. These
bluffs are composed of potsdam sandstone at the base, capped
with magnesian limestone and vegetable loam. The sandstone
is usually from 200 to 450 feet thick, while the limestone is from
20 to 50 feet.
The county is well watered. The Mississippi forms part of
its southern boundary, and the Black, Buffalo and Trempealeau
rivers, with their tributaries, pass through different sections o
the county. Besides these we have the Beaver and Tamarac k
creeks, with trout brooks and innumerable springs of soft waterf
Most of the streams are lined with belts of hard wood timber,
consisting mainly of oak, maple, ash and basswood. On some of
the small creeks there are belts of tamarack. The balance of
the timber is principally white and burr oak. In the northern
portion of the county the timber is not abundant; in the south-
ern and western part there is a good supply. The climate is
dry and healthy. The temperature of our winters is ^o^^^ ^^^
142
even, with less snow than in some other portions of the state;
it seldom thaws so as to be muddy, and is really wanner than in
more southern latitudes. Much o( this county is thinly settled,
but as the land is cheap and of excellent quality, and the de-
mand for farm products is great, we hope at no distant day to be
able to compete with any of the older settled counties of the
state.
VERNON COUNTY.
BT G. W. KUZUM A17D JOHN B. CAfiSON, YIBOQUA..
Vernon county is situated in the western part of the state, be-
tween 4:3d and 44th degree of latitude, its western border for
twenty-two miles being watered by the Mississippi river. The
soil is good, and covered with a heavy growth of hard wood
timber, such as is usually found in timbered countries. The
product of small grain is equal, per acre, to any part of the state,
and in vegetables it excels the prairie. The surface of the
county is rolling, and in some places hilly, but all valuable for
timber on such portions as cannot be cultivated. It is well
watered by springs and brooks, and well adapted for grazing
purposes, for which it will soon become noted. Like all tim-
bered land, it is natural for grass and having abundance of water,
it will soon become the dairying portion of the state. With an
abundance of water power furnished by the Baraboo and Kicka-
poo rivers, and a superior quality of timber that could l?e used
for the manufacture of furniture and agricultural implements,
this part of Vernon county offers inducements equal to any part
nf the state.
The county contains 534,040 acres of land, one-third under
cultivation; of the balance, about one half is capable of being
worked. In possession of bona fidt holders, there are over
100,000 acres of land, worth in the neighborhood of ten dollars
per acre. Neither the state or United States hold any lands of
any consequence; and none are in the hands of any railroad
143
corporation. The two principal places of busiaess in t his por^
tion of the county are Hillsborough, in the valley of the Bara-
boo, and Ontario, in the Kickapoo valley. Each of these places
are supplied with mills and machine shops of all kinds to sup-
ply the wants of the country, stores, with a supply of goods
sufficient in quantity and quality for the market.
The raising of stock in this portion of the county has become
a prominent feature with the husbandman, producing the best
quality of grass-fed stock that finds its way to the Milwaukee or
Chicago markets.
The first attempt to raise fruit was attended with little success;
many were disheartened and gave up, others persevered and
have met with success. We have a few " iron-clad " varieties
that do well. The first is the Haas;. next, Tetofsky and Duchess
of Oldenburg. Some others have proved valuable. Of grapes-
the Concord and Delaware have done nobly.
The population of the county, in 1870, was 18,673; in 1860^
11,007.
The principal kinds of timber are maple, oak, basswood and
elm. Plenty of game and fish are found in the forests and
streams.
WALWORTH COUNTY.
BT DAJdEL WILLIAMS, DAIUEN; FRANK LELAND, ELKHOBN ; E. D. COB,
WHITEWATEB.
The soil of this county consists of a clay and black loam, most
of it of an excellent quality. The prairie soil of this county is
equal in fertility to any in the northwest. The county contains*
144,640 acres of land, all owned by actual settlers, and about
three-fourths of it under cultivation. The land varies in price'
from $20 to $100 per acre, or about an average of $50 per acre.
Of the varieties of crops raised in the county, there has been
but little change in the past ten years. Wheat, com and oats
continue to be the leading crops. Broom corn is raised to a far
144
greater extent than formerly; not less than five hundred tons of
brush was raised in 1870. Hops have been raised to a consider-
able extent during the past three years, and have proved a losing
crop. Sorghum, a quite popular crop from 1862 to 1866, has en-
tirely disappeared from our fields. No new varieties of grain
have come into popular favor in the past ten years, though a
considerable effort has been made by interested parties to intro-
duce the Norway or Ramsdale oat, at fabulous prices; but the
only profit secured so far, has been bagged by the parties selling
the seed.
In the manufacturing industries, there has been a marked im-
provement within the past decade. Ten years ago, the manu-
factures of the county were limited to a few agricultural imple-
ments and flour, with a small amount of lumber sawn from the
trees of our native forests. Id 1870, our manufactories turned
out articles of considerable over a million dollars in value, ex-
clusive of flour and feed. The past decade has witnessed a very
great improvement in farm buildings, and farm improvements
generally. The old log houses have nearly all disappeared, and
with them have gone the unsightly straw covered stables and
graneries.
A marked improvement is noticeable in fruit raising. Our
orchards have not only greatly increased in number and extent,
but have improved in thrift and general appearance. The small
fruits are also raised in vastly greater quantities. All hardy va-
rieties of berries prove productive and profitable. Grapes are
also raised to a considerable extent. In public buildings there
has been a decided improvement during the past decade, espe-
cially in school buildings.
Hog raising and pork making have increased in a marked de-
gree, and for the past ten years have given our farmers the fairest
sum of net profit of any branch of industries. In this branch
of industry, there is the most radical and noticeable change. Up
to 1860, a very large per cent, of pork raised in the county was
slaughtered on the farm, now but a very small per cent, ^is, be-
ing mostly sold on foot and taken to the cities for slaughter. .
U5
The advent of cheese factories is having a noticeable effect
on the stock of the county, or in producing a condition of things
that will soon produce a marked effect on our stock of cattle. As
with those farmers who produce milk for the factories, the char-
acter of their cows is of very little consequence, so they pro-
duce a large quantity of milk, their interest is so little affected
by the quality, other than milk producing, that they have lost, or
will soon lose, all desire of improving the quality of the stock of
cattle. And it is believed that not as much interest is felt in im-
proving the neat stock of the county as was manifest three years
ago. Another reason is found in the fact, that, some of our im-
proved stock-breeders seek perfection in form and beef produc-
ing qualities, and in not a few stocks of blooded cattle the milk-
ing qualities are bred out. And until our high bred stock-rais-
ers shall have succeeded in producing a strain of stock with as
good a reputation for milk as for beef producing qualities, there
is but small hope that our farmers will be re-awakened to their
former efforts to improve their stock of cattle.
In horses there is a noticeable improvement. The slender-
shanked, nervous and vicious tempered descendant of some
remotely connected thorough-bred English race horse is not as
popular as in days (it is to be hoped forever) gone by; and the
heavy, strong-limbed and kind-tempered draught horse is by far
more popular, and is more highly prized than formerly. We
have a few farmers who do not think it either desirable or
profitable to raise a class of horses so poorly qualified for farm
labor as these slender, wee things are, merely to be able to drive
to town at a two-forty gait.
A marked improvement is noticeable in the more diversified
husbandry of the county. Few farmers are now exclusive grain-
growers. On more than nine-tenths of the farms of the county,
more or less stock will be found growing. From 1862 to 1866,
sheep were the favorite stock, and took precedence in value and
importance of any, or all other stock. The past three years
have greatly changed this condition, and, to-day, sheep are un-
popular with our farmers, and have been sacrificed to a very
great extent, and now the flocks of the county will, not number
lO-lMK. (Doc. 15.)
146
one-half what they did in 1865; but other stocks have increased
in numbers very considerably, especially horses and milch cows.
The working oxen have nearly disappeared from the fields of
our farmers, and it is doubtful if there are as many young cattle
as there were four years ago.
Geneva lake, ten miles long and three wide, Delavan lake,
Lauderdale lake, Silver lake, and others in the county, are beau-
tiful bodies of water, and together with the numerous creeks
and streams afford an abundance of delicious fish. Whitewa-
ter is the largest village in the county, and has many .large man-
ufacturing establishments, among which may be mentioned Es-
terly's reaper and seeder shops, and Winchester's wagon shops,
both of which do a very large business, and add very much to
the prosperity of the village.
At Delavan is located the Deaf and Dumb Asylum of the state.
Elkhorn is the county seat of the county, and both of these are
beautiful and thriving villages.
The Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad runs through the north-
ern part of the county, the Western Union through the central,
and the Chicago & Lake Superior Air Line is now building, and
other lines are in prospect.
The schools throughout the county are in excellent condition,
the climate salubrious and healthy, and the people generally
intelligent and thrifty.
About three miles south of Whitewater is found what is
known as "the bluflFs." These consist of a range of rocky
hills, extending from the line of Rock county on the west, to
Waukesha county on the east. They arc about half a mile
wide and about 30 miles long. The soil is of a much poorer
quality than the country through which they run, nevertheless
they are thickly settled by a thrifty population, mostly of for-
eign birth. South of the bluffs is one of the richc^st prairie
countries in the west.
North of the bluffs several wells have been dug of late years
that flow over the top, and it is a well considered opinion, that
by boring through the underlying rock, valuable art(^sian wells
can be obtained.
147
The country in this section is particularly well adapted t
dairying.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
BY F.A. NOLL, GEO. OTT AKD O. L. ARNET, WEST BEND.
Washington county contains twelve townships and is twenty
four miles long from north to south, and eighteen miles wide.
The general topography of the county is rolling. The soil is
clay mixed with a sand loam. There are 276,480 acres of land
in the county, about five-eighths of this 'amount is under culti-
vation. All lands of the county are in possession of actual set-
tlers and worth on an average $28 per acre.
Our facilities for water powers are average. The Milwaukee
river and the Cedar, and Rubicon creek, with their tributaries,
furnish abundant water for general purposes.
There are several water powers at West Bend, Barton and
Cedar Creek yet undeveloped which will afford excellent sites
for factories and mills.
Iron ore has been discovered in Hartford, but undeveloped.
It is of the same quality as that at Iron Ridge, which will
eventually be of great benefit to the industrial interests of our
county and state. The prevailing timber is oak, maple, bass-
wood, beach, elm, etc. Brickyards are carried on, but the brick
are not of the first quality. In the southeast part of the county
there is a quarry of fine building stone. Several sterams traverse
the county. The Milwaukee and La Crosse railroad passes
through the county. Future railroad facilities are only pros-
pective. The county is strictly agricultural. More than nine-
tenths of the inhabitants follow agricultural pursuits.
The schools of the county are well sustained, the climate and
water are excellent, and taken all in all, it is a good county to
live in.
148
WAUKESHA COUNTY.
BT JOHN E. SEABOLD, OF WAUKESHA.
There are sixteen townships in the county, each of which is a
square. County is situated directly west of Milwaukee, and its
average distance is less than twenty-five miles from the city, its
nearest being eight miles. The surface of the county is rolling.
The soil is various, but mostly loam and clay. County contains
368,640 acres of land, more than one-half being under cultiva-
tion. Of the balance, three-fourths are capable of improve-
ment. Neither government or state now hold any land in the
county. There are several good water powers in the county,
mostly improved. No mineral deposits have been discovered,
but quarries of stone abound of the finest quality. Lime enters
largely as commerce of several towns, especially Waukesha,
Pewaukee and Menomonee. The county is well watered with
springs, creeks and rivers; none navigable. A mineral spring
has recently been discovered at Waukesha, named Bethesda.
It is said to have cured several chronic cases, and is becoming
somewhat celebrated for its curative properties. Milwaukee
and St. Paul and Milwaukee and Mississippi railroads run through
the county. The educational interests of the county are gen-
erally sustained, and its common schools are well conducted.
The prevailing timber is white and red oak, maple, basswood,
ash, elm, and some cherry and black walnut.
There is some brick clay discovered in the county, but not
yet much used. Potter's clay in considerable quantities is found
in the towns of Morton, Menomonie, and Lisbon, and in the
latter place used by potters.
The county has no navigable streams, but is well watered by
rivers, creeks and lakes, the largest of the former being the Fox
and Menomonie rivers, and of the latter Pewaukee lake, it be-
ing 5 to 6 miles long, and 1 to 1} wide. Around Oconomowoc
are several smaller lakes, beautifully located; and this place has
become quite noted as a summer resort for citizens of Milwau-
kee, Chicago, and other large cities, who find in its beautiful lo-
149
cation, its handsome small lakes, and its pure and fresh air, that
rest and recreation which they seek.
The principal source of industry of the county is fanning,
but of late stock raising has also been extensively entered into.
Sheep are found in great abundance, and wool commands a good
price in Waukesha village, which is quite a prominent wool
market, and has a large woolen factory in constant operation.
This factory employs a large number of hands of both sexes,
and its manufactures, especially its shawls, have become quite
celebrated. Large additions have lately been made to buildings
and machinery, and facilities for business increased.
The climate is good and the water excellent, though very
much impregnated with lime.
The following persons will furnish further information about
this county to any who may desire it: E. Enos, Waukesha;
Thompson Richmond, Merton; E. Beaumont, Hartland; S.
Warren, Hartland; Charles Brown, Brookfield Center; Thomas
Sugden, Genessee; A. Alden, Delafield.
WAUPACA COUNTY.
BT J. WAKEFISLD, FBBMONT.
Waupaca county contains twenty-one townships, and is
bounded on the north by Shawano county, on the east by Shaw-
ano and Outagamie, on the south by Winnebago, and on the
west by Waushara.
In the northwest part of the county are many bluffs and hills*
The soil there is in many places rather stony, hard of cultiva-
tion, and not as fertile as in the valleys.
In the rest of the county the surface is generally level, or
gently undulating, capable of being easily cultivated, and pro-
ducing all kinds of crops and fruits adapted to a northern lati-
tude.
The eastern and northeastern part is heavily timbered, con-
160
sisting of oak, maple, birch, ash, cherry, hickory, butternut, elm,
basswood, ironwood, poplar, tamarack, pine, and in a few places
hemlock. In the northern part is much valuable pine, which
finds a way down the Wolf river to a steady market. During the
season when the logs are "driven," the river is often completely
blocked with logs, forming " jams," in many instances for milesv
thus completely stopping the passing of steamboats for days,
and sometimes for weeks.
The land where the pine predominates is much of it owned
by non-residents, bought by them on account of the timber-
When this is removed the land is generally sold very cheap to
settlers.As the pine grows mostly on the ridges and in clumps,
there is scarcely a " sub division " to be found that does not con-
tain much excellent soil, well suited for agriculture.
The soil on the pine ridges is generally light and sandy, al-
though with care, capable of producing fair crops. Between
the ridges it is darker, more tenacious, yielding heavier crops,
and not so quickly exhausted.
The whole number of acres of improved land in our county is
58,139; unimproved, 130,106. Probably at least half of the un-
improved land is capable of being easily improved, and much of
the balance will be reclaimed when prices shall warrant the
outlay.
But little land of value is owned by the general government,
but the state owns quite an amount in different parts of the
county, which is offered to settlers cheap. Much of it by proper
cultivation will make excellent farming land. None owned by
railroads or other corp>orations.
The principal crops raised are wheat — winter and spring wheat
are both raised, and do well — corn, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat,
peas and beans, potatoes, etc.
By the census of 1870, we find the wheat crop of our county
was 196,673 bushels, corn 103,300, oats 111,357, rye 24,312,
buckwheat 10,123, Irish potatoes 96,489.
The native grasses thrive, and make excellent pasturage for
our stock, besides furnishing an abundance of good fodder for
their subsisteuce during the winter. The tame grasses do well,
151
and are being much cultivated as the farms become improved.
Red clover never or seldom kills out, and is much raised, not
only for fodder, but as an excellent renovator of the soil.
Some kinds of fruit do well. Pears and apples are getting to
be quite extensively raised, and will prove a paying crop.
Plums and cherries are cultivated, but are not a certain crop.
Grapes do well, especially along the margins of our streams
and lakes. Some choice kinds are successfully raised.
Strawberries, huckleberries, blackberries and raspberries grow
in profusion; but the great berry of Wisconsin — the cranberry
— is found wild in all parts of the county, and is the berry with
with us. Thousands of bushels are being cultivated, and prove
a quite sure and very remunerative crop.
The raising of stock pays well, and much that is excellent is
being introduced. Many parts of the county appear to be pe-
culiarly adapted to the raising of sheep, and some good blood is
being imported. In 1870, the wool crop of our county was
33,301 pounds. The long wool or ^' mutton varieties'' appear to
be the most popular. Sheep are remarkably healthy here, and
generally fat.
Our county has no lack of excellent water powers. In the
north and northeast part of the county are the Little Wolf, Em-
barrass and Pigeon rivers, and in the south and west are the
Waupaca, Pearl and Little rivers, all excellent, and capable of
much improvement.
The Wanpaca Woolen Mills are located on the Waupaca river,
a t Waupaca, the county seat, and turn out much excellent
cloth. In a letter just received from the proprietor, Mr. J. W.
Evans, he says: *'we employ $25,000 capital. We purchase
about $12,000 worth of wool annually, and manufacture about
$20,000 worth of cloth and flannels, and 1,000 pounds of stock-
ing yam. Our goods are all sold at and about home. None are
sent to market. Probably two-thirds of our goods would come
under the head of ^ fine,' and one-third 'coarse' goods. We dress
.about 1,800 yards of custom cloth, and card about 12,000 pounds
of rolls yearly. The wool in this section is generally of a good
quality and in good condition, and is more desirable than that
152
r
raised in the southern part of the state. There has been but
little ' combing wool ' raised about here, hardly enough to make
it an object for any one to deal in it. But now our farmers are
turning their attention to that kind of wool."
Several brick-yards have been started at Waupaca, Weyau-
wega, Fremont and, perhaps, one or two other places, where ex-
cellent brick are being manufactured.
A pottery has been running for some time at Weyauwega,
where excellent light colored crockery ware is being made.
A bed of the same kind of clay has been found at Fremont
and only awaits " skill and enterprise to bring it out."
The Wolf river traverses the eastern part of the county, and
is navigable for steamboots during all stages of the water. A
large and profitable amount of boating has been done for many
years.
Small lakes abound in different parts of the county, whose
clear, pure waters are well stocked with fish. The pike, pickerel,
black and white or silver bass, perch, catfish, sturgeon, etc., etc.,
abound in our lakes and streams, and are caught by our wily
anglers in great profusion.
The large kinds of game in our forests are becoming scarce,
having fled before their cruel, unrelentiug enemy — man. But
the squirrels the partridge and the timid rabbit still remain, to
furnish amusement for juvenile nimrods and sportsmen of bigger
growth!
Farewell, the exciting days when the hunting of the deer, the
bear and the savage wolf were but common pastimes! We wel-
come civilization, but after all, cannot quite forget the past joys
and excitements of " pioneer life " in Wisconsin I
Our railroad facilities are good. The Central Wisconsin en-
ters the county near the southeast comer, and passes through
in a northwesterly direction towards Lake Superior. The Green
Bay and Lake Pepin road passes through the north part of the
county, crossing the Wolf river at New London. Another road
will soon be built from Weyauwega, through the south part of
the county to Berlin, in Green Lake county. When all are
completed, as they must be soon, Waupaca county will possess
153
^' railroad facilities " equaled by not many counties in the state,
and excelled by few.
Our winters are rather cold, but not more so than in the same
latitude farther east, if as cold. But our snows are much less,
none too much for good sleighing, and very often not quite
enough for that. We seldom get much snow until after New
Years. The cold comes on gradually during the month of De-
cember, and continues without much change until about March.
Our summers are often very warm, readily maturing dent
corn, which cannot be raised in the same latitude in the eastern
states.
Our climate is very healthy. No miasmatic diseases, and but
few pulminary complaints. The air is pure, bracing and in-
vigorating. The water is good. As a general thing good water
can be obtained by digging from ten to twenty-five feet. In
many parts of our county, artesian or flowing wells are readily
obtained by boring from seventy to one hundred feet.
Some towns in our county are settled mainly by emigrants
from the middle and eastern states. A few have a large pro-
portion from Germany, Denmark, Norway and other parts of
Europe. Sober, intelligent, industrious and enterprising as
the majority of them are, it is no wonder that our county is so
fast improving in wealth and real prosperity, and already ranks
among the leading counties of Northern Wisconsin.
Free schools are found in every neighbourhood, where the
children of the poor enjoy all the advantages of a liberal educa-
tion with the sons and daughters of the wealthy. Our school
code is one of the best in the world.
Taxes, although perhaps higher than in some of the older and
richer states, are not more so than might be expected in a new
county — not more than in the majority of the western states.
The emigrant from Europe or the eastern states, in search of
a permanent home, would do well to take a look at some of our
Wisconsin counties before roaming farther west. Here he will
find a climate healthy and invigorating. Not so in many other
western states. He will find a good soil here, pure water,
154
plenty of wood, cheap lands and a ready market. Farther west
he may not be so fortunate.
Our state is fast becoming settled. In a few years, the man
of small means will be obliged to " go further west." Our farms
will increase in value materially, manufactories will be needed,
mechanics will prosper, and the man who this year or the next
invests his small fortune in Wisconsin property, in a few years
may be ranked among the wealthy men of the great, and rap-
idly growing northwest.
WAUSHARA COUNTY.
R. P. COLT, POYSIPPI.
Waushara county comprises eighteen towns and territory, and
is in the shape of a parallelogram, being eighteen miles wide
and thirty-six miles long. General topography of the county is
level; some bluffs in the northern and central towns; swampy at
mouth of Pine river and Willow creek. The three eastern
towns are heavily timbered, with the exception of some quite
large tracks of marsh. These marshes are valuable for the cul-
yation of cranberries. The soil in the timber portions of the
county, is of a clay loam. On the prairie, black loam, and in the
openings, sandy. County contains 207,360 acres of land, one-
tenth being under cultivation. Three-fourths of the balance is
capable of cultivation. Actual settlers hold about 12,000 acres.
The state owns quite a large large tract in the eastern and
northern portions. But little land is owned by the general gov-
erment, it having been turned over to the state, and the Fox
River Improvement Company. The county, is well watered by
Pine river and Willow creek, both good mill streams, on which
are several saw and grist mills. In addition to these streams,
almost every farmer has what he calls a fountain or flowing well,
the water never freezing in the coldest weather in winter, and
always sufficient to supply any amount of stock. The forests
of the county contains all varieties of timber, such as are found
156
North America. We have large beds of clay, that make cream
colored brick, and with the facilities for manufacturing, would
be equal to any manufactured in the state. Also potter^s clay
of excellent quality, which makes superior stone ware.
Of the principal rivers and streams, Fox river on the south,
Wolf river and lake Poygan on the east, are navigable; Pine
river. Willow creek and Mecau river are larger streams, and
stocked with fish. Small game is abundant. Milwaukee and
St. Paul Railroad, at Berlin, is one-half mile from the south line
of the county, and will be extended through it. The Wisconsin
Central passes four miles north, and a road from Princeton to
Stevens Point will be built through the three western towns. A
road will also be built from Berlin to Weyuawega, through the
three eastern towns, connecting the Milwaukee and St. Paul
with the Wiseonsin Central Railway.
The principal industry of the town is agricultural, wheat, rye,
com, oats, and potatoes being raised to perfection. A large
amount of hay is also raised. There are seven custom flouring
mills, ten or more saw mills, and three carding machines in the
county. All these would be well sustaned.
A woolen factory, a cheese factory, a brick yard and a flouring
mill are needed in Poysippi; a cheese factory in Aurora and
Brushville and two or three wagon and blacksmith shops in the
county.
The climate is unexceptionally healthy, and the water pare,
coming mostly from springs and fountains. The streams are
rapid, and the entire county well drained.
For further information apply to R. P. Colt, Hans Rasmusen,
Poyssippi; A. Strang, Aurora; A. M. Kimball, Pine River; V. W.
MuUescin, Saxeville; E. Lilliorapp, Bloomfield, who all speak
English, and most of them Danish or German.
There is a large German settlement in Bloomfield, and a large
Danish one in Pyosippi and Pine river.
156
WINNEBAGO COUNTY.
BY J. H. nABHIB, OSHKOBH.
Dear Sir: — In response to your request in the circular sent to
Capt. James Jenkins, Mayor of Oshkosh, and by him handed to
me, I have given as full a report of the affairs of Winnebago
county as my ability and time for collecting data would permit.
The topography of the county is rolling, not hilly, with no
swamp land to speak of. There is some marsh land on the
borders of lake Butte des Morts and the Fox River, probably
not exceeding 500 acres in the whole county, and that is con-
sidered worth about one-third as much as up land, for the ex-
cellent quality of hay it produces.
The quality of the soil is a gravelly loam with a deep surface
of black soil. The substratum is white gravelly marl or clay and
red clay, all excellent wheat land, producing the finest quality of
wheat. There may be a hundred or two acres of dark sandy
loam which is the best land for corn, oats, potatoes, barley, hops,
etc.
There are in this county, 268,522 acres of land,of which three-
fourths are under cultivation; the exception being in wood lots^
pasture grounds and the marsh above spoken of.
The whole of this land is capable of cultivation when wanted,
except the marsh.
The land of the county is mostly all owned by actual settlers.
The value of improved land is from thirty-five to fifty dollars
per acre.
I know of no land in this county owned by the state and none
owned by the general government.
I know of no land owned by canal or railroad except right of
way.
The lower Fox river at Neenah and Menasha, at the outlet of
lake Winnebago affords the best of water power, and is capable
of being improved to a large extent.
There are no minerals in the county, except a small tract of
pure silicon or white glass sand, which is capable of extensive
15?
operations in the manufacture of glass, but not yet improved
The timber of the county is mostly red, white and black oak
with small tracts of land in all parts of the county, on which
basswood, hickory, ash and elm prevail.
There are no slate beds, but many valuable stone quarries.
The county is not noted for its clay beds or brick yards, although
brick are made to 3ome extent. The large dealers and manu-
facturers of lime brick, sand and lime stone here, make their brick
in, and bring their sand and limestone from Calumet county,
across lake Winnebgb, and the trade is a large one, employing
from fifteen to twenty lake craft, mostly sail vessels.
The upper Fox river traverses a part of the county diagonally,
emptying into Lake Winnebago at this place. The Wolf river, a
much larger stream, empties into the Fox six miles northwest
of this city, and is but a small part of it in the county. It is the
great source of wealth to this and other places in the county,
in bringing down from the vast pine regions of the northwest
the pine lumber cut up here, as well as hard timber, largely used
here and at Neenah and Menasha and Fond du Lac in the varied
manufactures of that material.
Both of these rivers are navigable, the Upper Fox bringing
down large quantities of grain from the interior of the state,
and taking back lumber and other freight, with a daily line of
passenger boats as far as Green Lake county, and other boats
running to the Wisconsin river at Portage, and the Mississippi
at Prairie du Chien, while the Wolf river floats a line of fine
boats daily to New London, seventy-five miles northwest of
here, with numerous freight and tug boats, many of which run
through to Green Bay.
Lake Winnebago bounds this county on the east, for about
twenty-two miles, and is deep enough for any boats that can
pass the Green Bay and Mississippi canal. It is thirty miles
long and twelve broad. Lake Butte des Mortes is four miles
long and and to two broad, and is but a widening of the united
Fox and Wolf rivers just after their confluence, the outlet be-
ing at the northwesterly limits of the city.
158
Fish and game abound here, and consist of the usual kinds
about and in the inland waters of the State.
The railroad facilities of the county are the Chicago and
Northwestern, the Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Oshkosh and
Mississippi, and through a small part of the county, on the north,
is the Wisconsin Central, with a northern extension connecting
at this place, in prospect.
The sources of industry are, agriculture, manufacturing and
lumbering. The principal crops raised are wheat, com, oats
and potatoes. The wheat crop of the cfounty in 1871, was a
little short of a million bushels. The land sown to wheat was
5,550 acres — average crop about seventeen bushels to the acre.
Of corn, oats and potatoes I have no data at hand. Amount of
lumbering 1 have not accurate figures, but the amount is large,
reaching to many millions feet.
The whole amount of manufacturing in this city for the season
of 1870, and about the same in 1871« including lumber and
shingles was $2,646,000. In the articles of lumber and shingles,
the amount was, the same year, $1,166,107. Other manufac-
tures, same year, in this city, $984,894. Neenah and Menasha,
Omro and Winncconne are also considerably manufacturing
towns — the first mentioned, largely so. I have no means of de-
termining the exact figures at hand. At Neenah and Menasha,
there are eight flouring mills, foundries and machine shops,
wooden ware and others of smaller pretensions. Omro has
several mills and manufacuring establishments, and Winneconne
the same, with considerable boat building.
Winnebago county is 22 by 24 miles; area 528 square miles.
It has sixteen townships and a population of 37,279, consisting
of 25,209 native born and 12,070 foreign. It has 268,522 acres
of land, valued at $5,659,380, assessment of 1871. The perfec-
tion to which grapes may be cultivated is worthy of special
mention. Apples and small fruit may be and are, successfully
cultivated.
The real and personal property of the county of Winnebago
in 1871, was 14,425,837 dollars, and in the city of Oshkosh,
same year, 5,976,420 dollars.
159
In the town of Menasha, same year $605,789
Neenab, do 9fi0, 804
Omro, do 1,077,896
Winneconne, do 617,721
The sources of industry yet undeveloped and capable of
development, are immense. In this city, the lumbering interest
is probably at its maximum, on account of the rapid consump-
tion of the pine that has heretofore supplied this great lumber
mart, and the consequent moving up of our mills nearer the
timber. In other things, the extent to which it may increased
is without limit, as we have but just begun, and the same may
be said of other parts of the county.
Our climate is salubrious. In that we yield the palm to no
other county in the state. Our winters are cold but healthful,
the air being dry and pure. Water in this county is good
almost universally. It holds some lime in solution, except the
numerous running fountains of pure soft water, that are never-
failing.
Although we have no state or. government lands in our
county, there are lands up the river, northwest, fifteen to one
hundred miles from here, that are good farming lands when
cleared — heavy timbered, well watered, and can be bought for
five to ten dollars per acre. These lands are being sought after,
settled upon, and improved rapidly, mostly by Germans,
Norwegians and Danes.
In Menasha, there is a state land office. In other places in
the county, several persons are in the business of locating lands,
including the above mentioned, who will always be ready to lend
aid to strangers in pursuit of homes in our county.
I have answered your interrogations to the fullest extent of my
ability, and the opportunity I have for obtaining statistics, and
hope they will be satisfactory to you.
160
WOOD COUNTY.
BY JL. P. POWEBS, GRAND RAPIDS.
"Wood county is situated nearly in the geograpbical center of
the state. About two-thirds of the area of the county is rolling,
the remaining one-third is flat and swampy.
The soil of the central and northern portion is a rich loam,
containing a mixture of clay, sand and vegetable mould. The
soil of the southern and eastern sections is lighter, containing
more sand. In the southwestern portion are extensive marshes
and meadows, peculiarly adapted to the culture of cranberries
and stock raising. The county contains 530,000 acres of land
of which only about 30,000 acres are under cultivation; two-
thirds of the balance are capable of being improved. The state
owns 100,000 acres of land, which can be bought at from 50
cents to $1.25 per acre. But Ittle land is owned by the general
government, subject to entry under the homestead law. Most
of the government land on the odd numbers of sections is with-
drawn from market for the benefit of the Wisconsin Central
Railroad.
Large deposits of iron are known to exist, but their extent
and value have not been tested.
Copper is found in large quantities; also " kaolin'' or porce-
lain clay, pronounced by experts to be the best on the continent,
is found in unlimited quantities.
About two-thirds of the surface of the county is a vast, heavily
timbered forest of white pine, white and red oak, white and
black ash, maple, hemlock and butternut.
Good clay for the manufacture of brick is found in all locali-
ties of the county.
Good building stone of a sand-stone variety is abundant.
The Wisconsin and Yellow rivers, Mill creek and Hemlock
creek run through the county.
The Green Bay and Lake Pepin Railroad, now in course of
construction, will probably cross the county from east to west
within two years. Both branches of the Wisconsin Central
161
Railroad are expected to pass through the county at no distant
day. Other contemplated roads, it is thought, "will intersect the
county within a few years. When railroads reach the county,
so that means of transportation are at hand, many new sources
of industry will be opened.
Climate, mild; climatic and miasmatic diseases are almost
unknown.
"Wood county, in its soil, timber, minerals and water power,
possesses advantages equal to any portion of the West. Lands
are extremely cheap. Labor is always in demand, with remuner-
ative return. There is ample home market for all agricultural
products, and as a whole it presents an inviting field to the immi-
grant, the laborer, the business man and the capitalist.
The water powers on the Wisconsin river in the eastern por-
tion of the county at Grand Rapids, C&ntralia, Port Edwards
and Point Basse are deemed equal to any in the country, not ex-
cepting the Falls of St. Anthony, or the lapids of the lower Fox.
They consist of a series of rapids about twelve miles in extent,
falling in th3 aggregate nearly one hundred feet, and furnishing
a continuous chain of water powers on both sides of the river,
of almost unlimited capacity.
The river can be improved at a trifling expense, in fact, it is
already fitted by the hand of nature for extensive use, it being
divided by islands into several channels, as it were natural
canals, upon which mills can be erected and operated at very lit-
tle cost for dams or other improvements.
At present there are situated upon these water-powers five
saw-mills, having a capacity for cutting fifty million feet of lum-
ber per annum, one flouring mill, one foundry and machine shop,
one planing mill and several shingle mills, and these without the
digging of canals, cutting of channels or other expensive im-
provements.
It is the opinion of experts that with a proper system of im-
provements, such as would readily suggest itself to a competent
engineer, one hundred large mills could be run by the water
power upon this river within the limits of the county, allowing
11— Imm. (Doc.15
162
ample room for each, aYid having an abundance of water at all
seasons of the year.
There are also many smaUer water powers in the county, situ-
ated upon]^MiI; creek, Hemlock creek and Yellow riyer.
STATISTICAL TABLES.
The following information is gathered from a variety of sources,
but I am chiefly indebted to the report of the Agricultural Society
of this state for 1870, the annual report of the Chamber of Com-
merce of Milwaukee for 1871, the report of the Commissioner of
statistics at Washington, the report of the Commissioners of
Emigration of New York, and other reliable sources.
POPULATION.
The first census in which Wisconsin figured was that of 1840,
when, as a territory, it had a population of 30,945.
In 1850, two years after its admission into the Union, it had
305,391 inhabitants; having made a gain of 886.88 per cent. It
then ranked the twenty-fifth state in point of population.
In 1860, it numbered 775,881 inhabitants, and took rank as
the fifteenth state; the ratio of increase between 1850 and 1860
having been 154.06 per cent.
In 1870, it had reached a population of 1,055,559, the ratio of
increase having been 36.06 per cent. Its present rank among
the states is that of fourteenth.
The distribution of the population by counties, and the increase
made by each, are presented in the following table:
164
Table showing the Papulation of Wisconsin in the years 1850,
1860 and 1870, bt/ counties.
COJJKTOB.
Adams
^Ashland. . . .
Barron
♦Bayfield
Brown
Buffalo
Burnett
Calumet.....
Chippewa . . .
Clark
Columbia . . .
Crawford ....
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Claire . .
Fond du Lac
Grant
Green
Green Lake .
Iowa
Jackson
Jefferson. ]. . .
Juneau
Eenosha ....
Kewaunee. . .
La Crosse . . .
La Fayette...
Manitowoc . .
Marathon. . . .
Marquette...
Milwaukee . .
Monroe
Oconto
Outagamie . .
OzauKee . . . .
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
Portage
Racine
Richland
Rock
18SO.
187
6,215
1,743
615
9,565
2,498
16,639
19,138
I860.
14,510
16,169
8,566
9,525
15, 817
10,734
11 ,531
3,702
508
8,641
31,077
1,250
14,973
903
20,750
6,492
515
13
353
11,795
3,864
12
7,895
1,895
789
24,441
8.068
43,922
42,818
2,948
812
2. «04
3,162
34,154
31,189
19,808
12,663
18.967
4,170
30,438
8,770
13.900
5,530
12,186
18,134
22,416
2,892
8,223
62,518
8,410
3.592
9,587
15. 682
2.392
4,672
1,400
7.507
21,360
9,732
36,690
1870.
6,718
221
538
344
25,180
11,123
706
12,384
5,635
3,446
28,769
18,117
53 109
47,140
4,869
1,132
9,491
10, 782
46.292
37,975
23,000
13.287
24,555
7,712
84.050
12,396
13.177
19,281
20,295
22,667
83,869
5,885
8.057
89,936
16,552
8.322
18,440
15, 579
4,659
10,003
3,422
10.640
26,742
15,736
39,089
* Ashland and Bajfield, tosrether known in 1^50 as La Folnte, then bad a popilatlon of
489. which namhcr u incladedin the total of th«t year.
165
Table showing Population of Wisconsin — continued.
Ck>TJinii8.
St. Croix
Bank
Shawano ....
Sheboygan...
Trempealeau
Vernon
Walworth . . .
Washington .
Waukesha. . .
Waupaca. . . .
Waushara . . .
Winnebago..
Wood
Total
18/fO.
624
4,871
8,879
17,862
19,485
19,258
10,165
806,891
1800.
5,892
18,968
829
26,875
2,560
11,007
26.496
28,622
26,881
8,851
8,770
23,770
2,425
775,881
1870,
11,089
28,868
8,165
81,773
10,728
18,078
25,992
28,905
28,258
15,588
11,879
87,825
8,911
1,052,875
The total Taluations of taxable property in the state, including
lands and all improvements, in 1860 and 1870, as assessed and
equalized, were:
Valuation as assessed
Valuation as equalized' by state board
1860.
$152,537,700
168,620,288
1870.
1826, 765, 288
455,900,800
166
TxBu^ showing the Population^ at different periods y of several
leading Cities and Villages of Wisconsin,
Placx.
ISSO.
2,782
1,499
672
2,117
2,014
1,923
Appleton
Beloit
Beaver Dam
Boscobel
Berlin | 1,061
Chippewa Falls
Columbus
Delavan
Dodgeville
Eau Claire
Fort Howard
Fond du Lac
Fox Lake
Green Bay
Hudson
Janesville
Jefferson
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Monroe
Mineral Point
Milwaukee
Oshkosh
Prescott
Portage
Prairie du Chien
Platteville
Ripon
Racine
Stevens Point
Sheboygan
Watertown
Waupun
Wausau
iseo.
8,835
550
8,455
1,525
1,146
2,584
20,361
702
1,175
2,171
856
5,107
1,451
2,845
4,098
2,765
665
1,449
753
1,188
1,549
2,181
1,264
694
5,450
1,461
2,275
1,560
7,703
1,466
3,990
3,860
6,611
2,170
2,289
45,246
6,086
1.031
2,879
2,398
2,865
2,035
7,823
1,533
4,262
5,302
865
543
1S70.
4,521
4,398
8,264
1,509
2,778
2,510
1,888
1,688
1,407
5,063
2,461
12,765
1,086
4,666
1,748
8,789
2,177
4,308
9,280
9,173
8,404
3,278
71,461
12, 673
1,145
3,985
3,661
2,537
2,977
9,881
1,810
5,310
7,555
1,936
1,349
Ratio qf Increase in the Population of certain Cities and
Villages qf Wisconsin^ between 1860 and 1870.
Per cent.
Milwaukee 58
Green Bay, over 100
Oshkosh, over 100
Fond du Lac 184
"Wausau 148
Chippewa Falls 233
Eau Claire 308
167
TAXABLE PROPERTY.
Statement of ike Valuation of Taxable Property of the sev-
eral counties of the state of Wi^consin^ in 1860 and 1870.
COUNTIXS.
t
Adams
Ashland. . . . ,
Barron . . . . ,
Dallas
Bayfield t
La Pointe . . . . )
Brown
Buffalo
Burnett
Calumet ,
Chippewa
Clark
Columbia
Crawford ,
Dane ,
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Claire ....
Fond du Lac . .
Grant
Green
Green Lake
Iowa
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse
La Fayette ....
Manitowoc. . . .
Marathon
Marquette
Milwaukee....
Monroe
Oconto
Outagamie. ..
OzauKee
VALUATION.
Ab AsBOKsed
In 1860.
$1,079,041
90,798
104,880
288,779
1,657,826
457,871
724,967
758,193
932,571
5,086,243
1,087,038
11,677,888
8,325,848
481.586
706,984
800,440
890,556
7,244,200
6,788,864
4,101,377
2,427,168
8,118,796
835,801
5,147,247
1, 546. 125
3,978,150
347,795
3,114,590
3,314,940
1,152,209
2,017,168
751,804
19,020,990
1,298,031
1,220,333
1,884,852
2,542,538
As Assessed
in 1870.
1938,035
*325,'76i
351,109
4, 066, 254
1,171,815
166,695
1,382,341
3,102,626
1,737,245
9,934,812
2, 095, 927
20,568,006
16,750,822
717, 857
658,280
2,421,530
2,867,748
13,827,833
11,306,146
8,999,490
6,458,695
1,441,700
10,647,202
2,212,580
5,825,331
559,890
4,970,848
6,613,075
3,257,388
1,407,245
1.032,866
51,275,012
3,635,143
1, 619. 909
3,212,945
8,279,100
As Banalized
in 1860.
$1,023,872
106, 492
117,594
134, 197
2,045,586
603, 829
1,343,814
673, 952
649,950
5,580,887
1,469,995
13,670,275
9,038,018
542,418
724, 570
687, 579
842,568
8, 546, 274
7,672,989
5, 404, 976
2,448,526
4,742,789
860,260
5,607,137
1,427,035
4,105,604
721,013
3,584,239
4,012,237
2,642,020
1,662,940
761,519
18,893,961
1,589,715
1,379,222
2,078,021
2,806,272
As Eqnalized
lnl870.
$1,143,278
131,520
545,422
283,971
7,888,577
2,431,909
425,888
8, 566, 945
6,820,547
8,979,951
12,455,565
8,415,889
27,742,424
19,860,450
1,216,508
1,009,615
8,437,947
4, 021, 636
18,981,067
19,435,644
13,006,420
7,000,000
11 ,078. 893
2,187,565
13.745,878
2,676,137
9,299,139
1,724,912
7,568,542
10,218,230
7,977,585
2, 502, 974
1,002,710
57,457,062
3. 910, 090
7,802,898
5,511,294
4,015,188
168
SfTATBaarr cf the Valuation cf TaxahU Property—^on.
VALUATIOK.
I
iBitn.
I A.
Pepin
Picrec
Pplk
P<»tage
Bacine
RichlAnd
Rock
SL Croix
Sank
Shawano
Sheboygan
Trempealeau . . .
Vernon )
Bad Axe (
Walworth.....'
WaahingUm . . .
Wankesha
Wanpaca
Wanahara
Winnebago
Wood
t 1511,168 :
I 1,170,664 1
! 550,661
1,613,5&4
5,783,477
1,436,700
13,963,578
1,613,705
4,213,240
514,827
4,176,134
691,236
1,524.861
8,061,503
8,906,278
7,496,931
1,205,039
1,160,539
4,043,305
705, 171
Totals
$170,270,545
la mo.
1819,880
2,666,925
931,835
1,734,788 I
9.543,231 .
2,114,099 ,
31,393,989
3,550,815 I
5,451,706 :
348,329 :
7,908,365 .
I,866,a55 ,
3,161.558
tn 1880,
I AiBquUaed
IbUTOL
14,873.235 !
6,210,164 ;
14,793,202
2,499,570 .
1,621,869
14,439.279 '
903,768 j
$438,849 !
1,151,943 I
559,907 I
1.380,400
5.719,090
1,532,458
13,016,802
1.521.798
4.200.801
695.902
4,857.805
690,453
i *585,'2i4
8,004,503
4,125,111
6,939,299
1,383.533
1,157,540
4,979,180
529,542
9876.348
4,085.681
1,361,314
2,790.359
12,409,430
4.000,000
25.000,000
5.164,751
9,000,000
2.537.605
9,912,431
2,589.219
5,692,403
$326,765,238 $184,062,536
18,000.000
7.528,640
16.000,000
2,100,295
2.480,582
15,012.500
905,893
$455,900,800
169
AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES.
Table showing the Agricultural and Manufacturing Produc-
tions of the State hy Counties^ during the Year erring June
1, 1870, compiled from the United States Census for 1870.
IMPROVKD
LANDS.
WHKAT.
RYE.
CORN.
OATS.
COUMTIXB.
No. Acres.
Batbels.
Bashels.
Biubals.
Bashelfl.
Adams
42,013
175
384
6
61,102
58,016
1,164
62,058
16,423
8,143
261,260
55,684
806,708
318,255
12,420
238
41,434
34,073
287,707
288,601
257,804
06,004
170,147
35,217
232,284
51 ,503
141,730
31,607
77,288
204,683
128,640
11,706
60,885
80, 127
74,734
10,640
75. 035
84,311
121, 010
52,032
120,460
80,276
850
AfthlATid
Barron
Bayfield
Brown
1,655
600
065
10,130
156,783
665,625
2,403
332,107
81,002
8,150
1,520,562
182,420
2,780,130
2,267,718
34,608
10
208,670
208,241
1,610,862
807,635
525,100
586.185
767,875
218, 022
676,825
104,048
206,746
122,140
573,826
523,085
510,081
36,027
143,550
288,680
460,581
28,002
853,187
811,003
16,810
11,544
14,067
104,202
545
41,232
0,030
11,007
630,767
265,045
081,264
620,875
1,702
155,301
Buffalo
Burnett
807,188
1,340
Calumet
Chippewa
Clark
2,102
1,702
660
42,176
1,004
18. 308
25,082
4,386
167,786
126,608
83,010
Columbia
Crawford
T)afiA t . - .
603,466
161,268
1,466,760
Dodge
Door
011,402
22,377
Douglas
Dunn
600
0,071
4,228
13,742
5,833
25,668
15,057
4,336
8,427
82,254
15, 873
13,825
21,151
22.270
45,617
03,742
1,478
77,436
41,125
14,746
2,826
2,078
70,220
72,883
67,277
284,636
1,822,486
" 037,606
252,016
680,211
74,866
671, 580
120,800
872,010
830
107,423
1,317,610
4,003
100
116,787
172, 180
183,666
2.780
66,831
28,006
262,038
£au Claire
Fond du Lac...
Grant
286.634
076,660
1,600,026
G>reen
731,180
Qreen Lake. . . .
Iowa
207,611
820 ,470
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
250,000
473,161
106.268
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse
La Fayette
Manitowoc ....
Marathon
Marquette
Milwaukee
Monroe
Oconto
882. 108
75,146
200,668
1,818,116
378.840
76,600
78,610
311,880
202,682
27,241
Outaeamie
OzauKec
100.066
247,117
170
Agricultural and Manufacturing Productions — continued.
llU*KOVED
LANDS.
WHEAT.
RYE.
CORN.
OATSJ.
CouMmg.
Na Acres.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bashels.
Bushels.
Pepin
20,923
44,858
9,715
61 ,079
83.163
70.974
818,261
101,369
137. 082
7,877
158,914
66,674
94,967
212 975
147,649
220,172
58,753
59.099
152. 937
6,516
97,905
325. 978
40,778
210,139
166,246
188.676
882,851
769,908
487,001
27,012
570,665
516,664
526,098
611.809
714, 094
646,244
192,745
142,673
791. 80S
6,518
4,774
2,560
378
59,309
3.570
8,204
120. 741
1,634
24.874
3,252
90,824
10,130
2,759
40,703
76, 192
72,716
24,393
61,480
8,190
7,448
109,485
81,638
11,117
64,022
145,816
342,717
1,121,529
59,344
419,752
8,006
126,651
147,550
272,424
785,700
208,761
521 ,529
102,915
143,247
189,845
14,626
80,118
175,198
50.631
Pierce
Polk
Portage
*Racine
Kichlaud
Rock
152,148
134,749
182,190
1,150,216
414,085
499.576
SL Croix
Sauk
Shawano
Sheboygan
Trempealeau...
Vernon
Walworth
Washington....
Waukesha.
Waupaca
Waushara
Winnebago
Wood
27,746
425,374
246,196
436,186
702,145
398,507
501,095
111,775
72.268
407,212
15,390
Totals
5,795,538 25,323,647
1,356,736
14,875,968
19,878,794
* No returns from the towns of Dorer, Burlington, Norway, Rochester and Waterford.
171
Agricultural and JUanufacturing Productions^ etc.
— con.
CoUNTisa.
Adams
Ashland
Barron ,
Bayfield
Brown
BulTalo
Burnett
Calumet
Chippewa
Clark
Columbia
Crawford
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Claire
Fond duLac...
Grant
Green
Green Lake. . . .
Iowa
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse
La J^'ayette
Manitowoc
Marathon
Marquette
Milwaukee —
Monroe
Oconto
Outagamie . . . .
Ozaukee
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
Portage
♦Racine
Richland
Rock
Bt. Croix
Sauk
BABLBT.
Bushels.
2,479
"ioo
4,758
45,711
86
12,657
8,872
880
49,504
7,198
148,008
102,899
1,647
140
25.935
22,185
59,493
51,933
17,102
16,731
37,216
16,728
50,193
4,586
46,870
5,920
18,291
61,712
80,155
3,278
283
54,433
10,451
177
3,006
87,588
7,409
25,201
1,217
6,197
17,426
2,631
206,204
26,971
22,443
WOOL.
Pounds.
28,193
* 'ieo
12,841
28,264
278
31 ,415
8,357
1,664
230,771
28,892
251,947
824,836
589
8
5
270
76
141
119
48
6
199
27
243
5
27
66
51
4
49
13
38
84
15
7
10
1
25
81
67
261
8
59
,562
,015
,590
,326
,809
,423
,668
,736
,915
,025
,852
,198
,19a
,254
,963
,328
,974
,261
,753
605
,799
,892
,950
,078
,926
,987
,566
,476
,705
,331
,994
POTATOES
Boshels.
62
68
65
1
40
26
15
204
80
845
854
43
1
55
28
251
290
280
89
143
38
296
105
135
56
68
192
109
22
68
214
103
35
66
83
26
46
16
115
94
108
45U
62
209
,960
530
,980
550
,479
,600
,928
,038
,654
,403
,426
,833
,852
,298
,018
,601
,098
,779
,425
,013
,393
,659
,732
,758
,498
,264
,856
,215
,690
,858
,018
,096
,217
,558
,449
,625
,725
,486
,917
,879
,188
,976
,868
,505
,442
,220
,699
BXJTTER.
Pounds.
268,150
295
4,975
50
828,622
268, 435
5,995
297,513
28,754
65,051
702,985
239,939
1,229,226
1,181,564
56,292
204,155
124,285
1,118,361
955,947
907,295
851,456
555,181
140,724
914,693
220,200
456,407
120,644
240,637
681,591
578,106
227
622
891
43
282
395
127
120
70
199
858
322
1,039
662
506
,458
,573
,518
,620
,704
,379
,535
,160
,059
,517
,878
,140
,592
,712
,171
CHEBSE.
Pounds.
8,749
19,820
'2', 600
80,532
87,988
15,648
730
100
60,798
4,870
880,185
83,560
8,892
350
74,502
8,420
290,280
270
18,165
22,260
4,412
58
1,290
18,006
8,920
17,610
17,019
1,400
800
7,692
625
17,244
65,975
900
14,299
*No returns flrom the towns of Dover, Burlinj^on, Norway, Rochester and Waterford.
in
Agriculturdl and Manufacturing Productiom^ etc.
CCCVTIKS.
BARLEY.
WOOI«.
1
POTATOKSJ BUTTBIL
»
CHEKSB.
BosheU.
Poondo.
1
BuheU. 1 FMnda.
1
PovBdfl.
Shawano .
1,943
134,240
38,523
61,600
419,873
57,165
297,269
35,702
45,532
170,069
875
20,556
139,075
47,653
74,504
278,750
186,692
407,638
97,458
90,213
91,510
28,418
21,345
710.088
341,068
482,428
599,505
688,804
859,827
276,101
819,297
749,187
47,243
100
Sheboygan
Trempealeau . .
Vernon
Walworth
Washington . . .
Waokesha
Wanpaca
Winnebago
Wood../.....
56,427
16,957
23,632
114,690
64,549
57,417
8,770
733
11,442
493
85,565
7,613
1,835
81,825
3,980
63,035
5,043
8,814
57,811
Totals
1
1,627,569
4,086,638
6,642,845 ^,257,117
i
1,494,145
173
Agricultural and Manufacturing ProducHona^etc. — continued.
COUNTIBB.
Adams
Ashland. . . .
Barron
Bayfield
Brown
Buffalo
Burnett
Calumet
Chippewa. . .
Clark
Columbia . . .
Crawford
Dane
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
Eau Claire .
Fond du Lac
Grant...
Green
Green Lake..
Iowa
Jackson
Jefferson. . . .
Juneau
Xenosha
Kewaunee. . .
La Crosse. . .
La Fayette.. .
Manitowoc . .
Marathon . . .
Marquette...
Milwaukee. .
Monroe
0«'onto
Outagamie . .
Ozaukee
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
Portage
♦Racine
Richland
Rock
St. Croix
Sauk
Shawano
Sheboygan . .
Trempealeau.
HAY.
Tons.
10, 160
87
401
15
19,288
16,409
1,671
12, 367
6,986
8,485
44,129
11,961
74, 869
71,001
1,910
77
11,921
5,721
76,687
89. 879
42,850
30,892
87,485
6,957
48.848
15,271
48,956
5,065
15,888
40,488
26,744
2,791
20. 218
24,787
20,627
8,547
18,962
14,857
6,549
7,257
8,218
9,612
26,888
17,827
51,878
7,258
29,784
1,673
89,424
18,828
HOPS.
Poands.
204,020
2,420
130
14,700
200
4
229.215
13,982
51,915
68,644
7,910
4.600
50, 181
41,265
11, 150
22,780
72,541
8, 950
298,027
585,2^1
6,640
165
180,622
6,840
1,200
24,890
12,115
442, 988
4,800
8,400
7,410
70,074
9,800
841,467
12,835
9 400
1,274,563
1,100
89,039
24,250
BBtimated Valae
of all Farm
Prodactions.
1607,058
2,150
22,715
725
880,692
1, 874, 010
22,125
784,708
164,966
207,042
8,637,692
823,551
5,483,047
5,650,889
188, 092
510
667, 255
446,620
8,572,433
8,515,049
2, 557, 799
1,481,132
2,294,373
461,465
2, 793, 724
684,610
1,460,886
433, 802
2,855,261
2,758,935
1,450.271
149,581
697,162
1,654,863
1,258,992
225,854
1,788,224
963,900
278,354
583,631
173, 072
648,757
908,668
1,092,166
4,124,637
1,008,132
1,274,553
152, 958
2,086,651
882,178
Value of Manu-
factaroB Pro-
duced.
1158, 149
21,000
2,159,892
466,025
180,684
1,845,118
109,048
586,026
240,548
1,121,563
2,064,848
428,969
118,878
1,027,598
1, 489. 865
3,359.876
1,089,841
1 ,081 .800
723, 265
1, 069, 629
865. 650
2,298,027
818,828
1,266,443
861,057
1,149,501
677.518
1,561,579
672,960
185,878
18,838,788
867,270
2,085,961
2,529,222
765, 938
185.515
209,375
54, 890
522,942
8,174,825
310,566
8,395,781
796,518
779,026
290,785
1,748.839
170,748
♦ No rotams from the towns of DoTcr, Burlington. Norway, Bochetter and Waterford.
174
Agricultural and Mamtfacturing Productione, etc. — continued
Counties.
HAY.
HOPS.
BstlmfttedYilae
of all Farm
FrodncUoni.
Valneorifaan-
Tons.
PonndB.
factares Pro-
daced.
Vernon
19.879
50,488
22,492
58,840
14, 814
13,646
51,794
3,798
97,200
125,555
10,633
74,209
104,674
40,247
175. 180
1,100
$1,405,562
2,677,356
1,916,503
2,785,538
734,049
787,101
2,377,234
147, 734
$470,765
1,074,278
1,061,824
774,142
464,929
260,897
6,312.754
370,890
Walworth
Washington
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara
Winnebago
Wood...?
Totals
1,280,432
4,738,222
$77,507,261
$85,604,966
175
Table illtcstrating the Agriculture of Wisconsin in 1860-1870.
Improved lands or farms, acres
Unimproved land or farms, acres
Cash value of farms
Value of farming implements and machinery.
Amount of wages paid, including board
Number of horses
Mules and asses
Milch cows
Working oxen
Other cattle
Sheep
Swine
Value of all live stock
Value of animals for slaughter
Wheat, bushels
Rye, bushels
Indian com, bushels-
Oats, bushels
Barley, bushels
Buckwheat, bushels
Peas and beans, bushels
Potatoes, Irish, bushels
Potatoes, sweet
Tobacco, pounds ; .
Grass seed, bushels
Clover seed, bushels
Hay, tons
Hops, pounds
Flax, pounds
Flax seed, bushels
3Iaple molasses, gallons
Sorghum molasses, gallons
Value of orchard pr^ucts
Value of market-garden products
Wine produced, gallons
Butter, pounds
Cheese, pounds
Milk sold, gallons
Honey, pounds
Beeswax, pounds
8,746,167
4,147,470
181,117,164
5,768,847
iseo.
116, 180
1,080
208,001
93,652
225,207
882,954
834,055
$17,807,375
8,865,261
15,657,458
888,544
7, 517, 800
11,059,260
707,807
88,987
99,487
8,818,809
2,896
87,840
26,512
8,852
865,037
135,587
21,644
4,256
88,118
19,854
$78,690
208,730
6,278
18,611.828
1,104,800
Estimated value of farm productions of the year $36 ,886 ,498
1S70.
5,899,848
5,815,978
$800,415,954
11,000,000
8,186,110
252,019
808,877
62, 615
831,801
1,069,280
512,778
45,810,882
11,914,648
25,605,844
1,825,294
15,038,998
20,180,016
1,065,019
418,897
388,425
2,220
960,818
13,016
2,906
1,287,651
497,398
497, 898
114.019
31.218
74,478
$819,268
226,665
3,357
22,473,036
1,592,798
2,059,105
299,847
9 945
$78 '027' 082
1
K '
8,800
1,096
14,307
8.875
108,700
85,143
688
6,013
8.800
7,176
88,688
47,836
38,639
83,040
S,533
17.648
8,836
14,816
1
1
"* i
ipS*^
g"Sg|S»S3g22gSgSgSS
'SafS : > :5~ :
8, BOO
3,800
3 900
1,200
1,800
400
•"gSS^S-S"""
eE:SS9SSSSSg
■IS :
;SgS§~|
\i3 \
iliil
SsllSsis'igl
S$iiglii§ii§iliii§iiiiliS§iiii§ I Sf
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!K'-SSSSS8SSSS
3 g-lg
178
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180
MANUFACTURES.
Manufacturing, which perhaps adds more to the growth and
prosperity of our state than any other one branch of industry, is
steadily on the increase.
The manufactures of agricultural implements in the state in
1860, were valued at $736,198, and in 1870, at $2,890,537. From
1868 to 1870, there was a lull in this kind of manufactures,
owing to an excess of supply over the demand having been
manufactured, but since 1870, this interest has again revived,
and the amount of these manufactures will probably not now
fall far, if any, short of $4,000,000.
LEATHEB MANUFACTURE
Has made rapid growth within the recent year. In 1860, the
total product had a valuation of less than half a million of dol-
lars. To-day, it is not less than $3,000,000. In this branch,
Milwaukee, whose annual production has always been propor-
tionally large, has made great advancement.
WAGOKS AND CABBIAGES
Are also manufactured on a scale that entitles them to special
attention. Racine and Kenosha still hold the supremacy. In
these two counties, the amount of capital invested, .the cost of
material used and the value of the wagons and carriages manu-
factured in 1870, were as follows:
Capital invested
Cost of materials
Value of manufactures
Baclne.
$247, 100
174,821
880,000
KenothA.
$121,100
145.607
840,740
The amount of capital invested in the business in all parts of
the state is reported at $1,144,215; expenditures for material,
$862,493; value of product, $2,720,463.
181
WOOLEN FACTOBIES
Have increased in number since 1860, from eleven to forty-
eirht; in amount of work done, in about the same rates.
Capital employed in woolen mills.
Value of wool used
Number of hands employed
No. pounds of yam reported
No. pairs blankets reported
No. yards of cloth reported .
Total value of products
1800.
1100,600
85,743
105
173,720
1870.
$1,285,089
557,820
577
56,000
7,750
1,009,049
1,094,858
THE WOODEN AND WILLOW- WARE BUSINESS,
Though less in magnitude, may be properly mentioned in this
connection. The manufacture of wooden*ware, such as baled
boxes, bowls, pails, etc., is most of it done at Neenah and
Menasha, Depere and Green Bay; the total value of the product
of Winnebago and Brown counties being:
Winnebago county $192 ,550
Brown county 51, 840
Stated more in detail, the factories at three places named are
reported as follows:
Capital invested
Expenditures for material, 1870. . . .
Hands employed
Paid for labor
Value of product
Henaslia.
$125,000
97,885
200
82,500
192,550
$20,000
8,450
40
14,400
37,840
Green Bay.
$140,000
14,000
The articles manufactured at Menasha in 1870, were :
Pails
Wash tubs
Wash boards
Measures ^
Churns
Covers
Fish kits...
Butter tubs.
Keelers . . . .
Bannatcins
Broom handles
Clotiies pins 6
240,000
60,000
12,000
6,000
14,000
18,000
95,000
50,000
10,000
50,000
80,000
,000,000
The manufactures at Depere were: butter tubs, 31,707; fish
kits, 74,950; oak pails, 9,004.
182
Tabulab statement of the capital invested^ expenditures made
and proceeds realized i?i general leading hra^iches of Wis-
consin Manufactures:
Articles Manufactured.
Flour
Lumber
Leather manufactures
Machinery, castings, etc
Agricultural implements
"Wagons and carriages
Beer
Leather
Lead
Woolens
Capital luTeeted.
16,458,042
11,659,765
1,423,868
1,682,124
1,822,925
1,144,215
2,283,400
914,700
758,650
1,235,089
Paid for MaterialB
113, 959, 584
7,263,204
i;409,083
1,045,261
902,232
862,493
991, 560
1,801,821
536, 522
557,820
Value
of Product.
117,580,648
14,550,653
2,956,685
2,639,175
2,890,487
2,720,463
2,329,572
1,923,898
1,019,962
1,094,858
But even the above really magnificent totals for a state so
young as Wisconsin, do not represent more than about half the
amount of manufacturing actually done by us. The exact amount
could not be reported were it certain that the figures actually
returned were entirely accurate, for the reason that the census
excludes all little shops, whose produce falls short of $500 per
annum. Nevertheless the footings of the census are such as to
awaken a feeling of pride in the breast of every citizen who has
an interest in the general welfare.
The total value of our manufactures in 1860, was $27,849,467.
In. 1868, we surprised not a few of even our most sanguine
citizens by the estimate, in the report of that year that they
had reached a total value of $40,000,000. And yet but two
years later, we have the authority of the census bureau for the
announcement of $85,624,966, as the present actual total.
Assuming that it will be interesting to know the relative
progress of the several counties of the state in this department
of industry, we present herewith:
IRON MANUFACTURES
Are at present outrunning all others. The total value of pro-
ducts of this kind in 1860 were $372,960. In 1869, as shown by
the census of 1870, it had reached $2,639,175. A very large pro-
portion of this increase may be placed to the credit of the new
Tron Company's establishment in Milwaukee.
183
MILWAUKEE IRON COMPANY.
This enterprising corporation has done a grand work for Mil-
waukee and Wisconsin in building up a manufacturing establish-
ment in this city that has given employment to nine hundred men
during the past year, and added 129,000 tons to the marine com-
merce of the port, as well as helping to develop one of the prolific
sources of wealth that lies beneath the soil of our state. The com-
pany have greatly increased their facilities both for making pig
iron and manufacturing railroad iron. Their second blast fur-
nace went into operation May 1st. It is similar in every re-
spect to the first furnace built by the company. The two fur-
naces can produce 32,000 tons of pig iron per annum.
The company also completed a second puddle mill on the first
of March, which has a capacity of making 1,300 tons of pud-
dled iron per month, and to that extent increased the capacity
of the establishment for making rails, as the blast furnaces and
the puddle mills are but the feeders of the rolling mill, in re-
ducing the ore and preparing the metal for the final process of
manufacturing it into rails. The following figures showing the
annual production of rails, since the mills went into operation
will illustrate the progress of this great enterprise in the brief
period of four years:
JRailroad Iron Manufactured.
In 1868, by Milwaukee Iron Company, tons 7, Oil
In 1869, do 7,750
In 1870, do 14,507
In 1871, do 25,691
The value of the last year's product of rails was $1,920,000,
in the production of which the greater part of the following ma-
terials received by lake were employed:
Materials for one Year'^s Work.
Bituminous coal for rolling mills, tons 56 ,4!^
Anthracite coal for blast furnaces, tons 26 ,012
Lake JLuperior iron ore, tons 28,094
Limestone for flux, tons 17,574
Total by lake, tons 120,400
Iron ridge ore by rail, tons 37 ,783
Coke by rail, tens 11 ,000
Total material received, tons 178,183
184
The company's pay roll varied from $48,000 to $55,000
monthly, or in round HgvLTes $600,000 for labor during the year,
without including a veir large proportion of the cost of the
materials used, which also represents labor.
Tabus shifting the number of establishments^ the number cf
hands employed^ and the value of the products of the man-
ufactories in each of the counties^ in 1860 and 1870.
Comma.
Number EsUb-
liehmenu pro-
dociog over
$600 worth.
Nnmber of Hands.
Vftlne of Prodnctfl.
1860. 1870.
1860.
1870.
1860.
1870.
Adams
Ashland ^ . . * * r
17
J ... *
15
I . . . .
13
13
17
4
"*4
197
103
51
hi
58*
45
90
33
85*
1,928
194
196,490
1158,949
Barron
42,512
Bayfield
Brown
Buffalo
Burnet
21,000-
66,800
88,200
2,159.392
466,045
Calumett
Chippewa ....
Clark
21
8
8
69
14
108
166
• 41
1
6
17
147
94
115
28
21
15
112
33
50
10
68
22
52
20
13
558
28
25
25
64
15
27
72
89
31
108
74
144
333
75
21
72
116
i 289
' 181
200
141
217
24
267
63
50
33
84
122
159
42
47
882
112
62
85
97
32
62
9
92
133
68
838
38
213
83
494
638
137
1
344
206
623
261
261
138
105
166
377
207
236
182
340
77
488
276
27
3,406
100
838
153
166
124
91
'"'ioo'
803
169
1,000
118
343
143
414
1,286
(.93
73
170
1,188
2,117
471
544
4a5
693
280
1,284
626
568
379
851
382
1,199
420
71
6,946
403
1,521
795
270
137
172
29
408
1,478
50,000
297,500
37,100
612,785
107,857
1,010.944
1,155,580
81,175
1,000
199,175
160,450
1,130,701
797,585
855,950
105,250
497,585
133,030
765,966
212, 398
312. 350
547,100
435,450
245,832
630,720
269,040
145.306
6,659,070
322,210
491,676
486,483
463, 517
135. 741
166,400
130.684
1,345,113
109,048
Columbia
Crawford
Dane
586,026
240.548
1,121,563
2,064,848
428,969
118,870
1,027,593
1,439,365
8,359,876
1,039,841
1,081,300
723,265
1.069.629
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn
£au Claire
Fond duLac..
Grant
Green,
Green Lake...
Iowa
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee ....
La Crosse
La Fayette. . . .
Manitowoc . . .
Marathon
Marquette ....
Milwaukee . . .
Monroe
Oconto
Outagamie....
OzauKee
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
865,650
2.298,057
818,828
1,266.443
861,057
1,149,501
677,513
1,561,579
672, 960
155,878
18,838.783
867,279
2,085,901
2,529,222
765.928
185, 515
299. 875
54,890
Portage
Racine
20
182
113,540
1,812,768
522,942
8,174,825
185
Number of establishments ^ hands emploj/edy etc, — continued.
COTTMTIIB.
Namber Estab-
llsbments pro-
dnclng over
1500 worth.
Namber of Hands.
Value of Prodncta. ^
1860.
1870.
1860.
1870.
1860.
1870.
Richland
Rock
39
101
3
32
1
182
2
43
99
60
95
41
24
91
31
69
300
119
122
11
412
60
84
167
192
261
113
55
287
45
84
596
4
135
2
466
7
94
384
169
271
116
55
511
299
164
1,884
226
408
92
1,390
92
184
523
457
432
847
95
2,634
623
155,909
1,968,761
21,000
289 021
2,500
638,143
51,400
173, 076
798,856
626,940
544,400
188, 310
149. 487
966,818
172,000
310,566
3,395,781
St. Croix
Sauk
796. 518
779,025
Shawano
Sheboygan . . .
Trempealeau. .
Vernon
Walworth
Washington . .
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara ....
Winnebogo . . .
Wood
290,785
1,748,889
170,748
470,765
1,074.278
1,061,824
774,142
464,929
260,897
6,812,754
370.890
Total
3,064
7,136
15,414
39,055
127,849,467
185,624,966
186
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188
LIST OP WOOLEN MILLS IN WISCONSIN.
Hutchinson, Fay & Ballard : Appletan.
James Crampton Attica.
J. Kneeley & Co Bangor.
Bacon, Humphrey & Co Baraboo.
Island Woolen Mills Baraboo.
Chandler, Congdon & Co Beaver Dam.
McFetridge, Burchard & Co Beaver Dam.
Beloit Woolen Mills Beloit.
Berlin Woolen Mills Berlin.
E. H. Sackctt Black Earth.
Perkins Bros. & Co Burlington.
D. Roberts Cambria.
Geo. Dow & Sons Cambridge.
Hilgen & Wittenberg Cedarburg.
A. Patzer Cedar Creek.
J. M. Lambert Easton.
Pulton Woolen Mills Pulton.
€Jeo. W. Carpenter & Sons Fond du Lac.
James Proctor Geness^.
Geneva Woolen Mills Geneva.
Fuller, Clark & Fuller Harrisville.
Payne, Hastings & Co Janesville.
P. A. Wheeler & Sons Janesville.
Jefferson Woolen Mills Jefferson.
P. Blascheck La Crosse.
Lancaster Woolen Mills Lancaster.
Whitn^ & Stinson Lawrence.
Henry Hungerford Lemonweir.
Madison Woolen Mills Madison.
G. Rudolph Manitowoc.
McCune & Co Mayville.
Chapman & Hewett Menasha.
Oldham & Jones 4 Mifflin.
Esch Bros Milwaukee.
Monticello Woolen Mills Monticello.
L. A. Perkins Montello.
Wells Ss Scobie Neshkora.
N.W.Bass Platteville.
Nye&Bass Platteville.
D.J. Pettijohn Platteville.
Jones Plymouth.
Blake & Co Racine.
Hills & Clark Sheboygan Falls.
Bricknee & Heald Sheboygan Falls.
T.B. Tyler & Co Sparta.
I. Younglow Spring Lake.
C. Lawton & Son Towerville.
D. Jones & Co Watcrtown.
Paris & Ellsworth Waukau.
Dayton, Dewey & Co Waupaca.
Waukesha County Manufacturing Co Waukesha.
Number of mills in the state. 54
Number of sets manufacturing cards 68
Number of sets custom or roll cards 43
189
Number of pounds of wool manufactured into cloth, yam, etc. 1, 500, 000
Number of pounds made into rolls for custom work 120, 000
Total number of pounds used 1 ,620, 000
Total number of pounds— clip for 1871— estimated at 4.620,000
COMMERCE.
Milwaukee is the commercial metropolis of the state, and the
only city from which any statistics could be obtained. What
follows on this point is from Mr. Langson^s report to the Cham-
ber of Commerce.
As will be seen from the full statistical tables following, the
total receipts of grain at Milwaukee during xhe year 1871,
amoun};ed to nineteen millions, three hundred thousand (19,300,-
000) bushels, against 20,734,817 bushels the previous year, and
in 1872, to 19,782,472 bushels, vi^.:
RECEIPTS OP GRAIN AT MILWAUKEE.
1872.
J87i.
1870.
Wheat, bushels
13,275,726
2,041,196
1,008,048
1,447,569
409,933
15,686,611
1,151,882
1,121,950
874,070
466, 841
18,883,887
Com do
436, 818
Oats do
638,098
Barlev . . . do
686,971
Rve do
190, 598
Total
19,782,472
19,300,854
20,734,817
It will be observed that the decrease is confined to wheat
alone in 1871. In 1872, the rye crop falls a very little short of
the crop of 1871. This was in consequence of a deficiency in
the crop. This deficiency made itself apparent in the receipts
at Chicago as well as Milwaukee, as may be seen by the follow-
ing comparison of the total deliveries at these two points for
1870 and 1871:
1871.
1870.
Beceipts of wheat at Milwaukee
15,686,611
14,439,656
18,883,837
17,394,409
• . • .do do. . . . ChicaiTO
Total at both markets
30,126,267
36,278,246
190
In wheat alone, Milwaukee holds the lead of all the primary
markets, but in other grains is still greatly behind Chicago, St.
Louis and Toledo. It will be interesting to note the comparison,
taking 1871 as a starting point in the corn trade at Milwaukee.
The official records of the total grain receipts at the points
aamed for that year are as follows:
RECEIPTS OF GRAIN IN 1871.
At
1
Wheat.
Corn.
Oat».
Barley.
Rye.
Chicago . .
St. Loui 9 .
Milw'kee.
Toledo . . .
Detroit . .
14,489.656
7,811,910
15,686,611
6,998.255
4,059,685
1,420.142
759, 502
603, 850
41,853,138
6,030,784
1,151.882
6,877,157
' 1,152,885
14,789,414
4,858,099
1,121.950
3,199,267
1,617,276
4,069,410
876,217
874,070
82,692
864,889
2,011,788
374, 836
466,341
87,070
T)nlnt.h . . .
CincinHi.
Louisville
2,284,259
657,520
1,130,820
320,913
1,083,182
116,762
818,289
91,444
The receipts of flour in 1871 were 796,782 barrels, and the
amount manufactured in the city, 567,893 barrels — a decrease in
receipts of 28,017 barrels, and an increase in the amount manu-
factured of 37,844 barrels. The shipments amounted to 1,211,427
barrels, of which 362,606 barrels were shipped by the Detroit
and Milwaukee R. R. Line, 127,722 barrels by the Chicago and ,
N. W. Railway, and 721,099 barrels by Lake. The receipts for
1872 were 814,202 barrels, and the shipments, 1,233,109 barrels,
and the amount manufactured in the city, 530,206 barrels. The
amount manufactured falls short of that for '71 about 7,000 bar-
rels, owing principally to the unexampled low stage of water.
The shipments of flour from the three leading western markets
for the years 1870 and 1871 compare thus:
SHIPMENTS OP FLOUR.
From Cliicago, barrels
St. Louis. . . .do. .
Milwaukee., do..
{■ ■ •■
1871.
1970.
1,287,574
2,676,525
1,211,427
1,705,977
2,690,739
1,225,941
191
St. Louis, it will observed, takes a decided lead in the flour
trade, while there is but a trifling diff'erence between the ship-
ments from Chicago and Milwaukee for the year 1871.
The manufacture of flour at the same points for the years 1870
and 1871, has been as follows:
FLOUR MANUPACrrURED.
At 8t. Lonis, barrels
Milwaukee . .do. .
Chicago do. .
1,507,915
567,893
327,739
1, 361, 778
530,049
443,976
In addition to flour and grain, the receipts of other articles of
produce here, as reported by railroad and lake in 1871, compare
with the receipts in 1870, as below:
RECEIPTS OF OTHER COMMODITIES BY RAIL AND WATER.
Beans, bushels
Peas, bushels
Potatoes » bushels
Malt, bushels
Cranberries, barrels. .
Grass seed, pounds. . .
Hops, bales ,
Hides, number
Pelts, number
Rags, pounds
Beef cattle, number. . .
Sheep, number
Live hogs, number
Dressed hogs, number.
Butter, pou'nds
Eggs, packages
Wool, pounds
Tallow, pounds
Lumber, feet
Shingles, number
Lath, feet
Iron ore, tons
1872.
18,859
131,847
161,026
4,182,884
1,804,348
91,808,000
28,524,000
4,299,000
1871.
22,771
40,629
76,559
63. 992
19,594
1,524,877
21,871
152,015
81,250
1,689,468
9,220
6,843
126. 164
148,935
4,217,544
16,877
1,894,848
830,481
85.892,000
31,318,000
6,625.000
110,057
1870.
12,242
14,636
105, 874
(not rep*d)
11,508
320,690
14,758
125,547
61,831
(not rep'd)
13, 101
6,311
66,810
98,276
8,768,192
11,841
1,959,912
247,859
79,491,000
15,143,000
3,747,000
95, 687
192
The total shipments of produce for the year 1871 amount to
about six hundred and sixty-five thousand tons, of which three-
fourths were forwarded by lake and one-fourth by railroad.
rOEK-PACKING.
In this department of the great business of '^ feeding the
world," Milwaukee has reached a more conspicuous position
during the season just closed, than she ever before occupied,
and now ranks as the fourth pork-packing point in the United
States. The total packing at this city for the season amounts
in round figures to 313,000 hogs, an increase of 73,000 hogs
over the packing of the season of 1870-71. Hitherto, Milwaukee
has stood fifth in the list of the pork^packing cities of the
country recognized by the trade as the five principal pork
markets of the interior. Hereafter, Louisville takes this posi-
tion, and Milwaukee goes one ahead, taking rank next to St.
Louis. The number of hogs packed at each of the five packing
points alluded to, compares as below for the two last seasons:
NUMBER OF HOGS PACKED.
At Chicago. .
At Cincinnati
At St Louis . .
At Milwaukee
At Louisville
J871-72,
1,175,000
661,551
400,000
818,000
809, 512
1870-71.
918,087
500,066
305,600
240,844
242,185
Full details of the packing and provision business at this city
will be found in the succeeding pages.
IRON ORE.
This has become an important article in the commerce of Mil-
waukee, as is shown by the fact that the large amount of 103,936
tons of Wisconsin and Lake Superior ore was received here
during the year, and the success that has attended the develop-
ment of the iron mines of our own state proves that the resources
193
q£ "Wisconsin are not confined to the products of the soil. Of the
iron ore received here during the year, 75,842 tons were the
product of the ore beds at Iron Ridge, 45 miles by rail from Mil-
waukee. These inexhaustible ore beds are principally owned
by the
WISCONSIN IRON COMPANY.
This company, though composed in part of the same capital-
ists is a separate organization from the Milwaukee Iron Co.
The former company own 140 cars employed exclusively in
transporting ore from their mines at Iron Ridge to this city, and
extensive docks near the old harbor entrance with facilities for
the rapid transfer of ore from the cars to barges and vessels for
shipment to other points by lake. The total product of the
mines of this company during the year was 82,284 tons of ore,
of which 6,442 tons were converted into pig iron at the Iron
Ridge furnace, and the balance shipped to this city. Of the lat-
ter amount 37,783 tons were sold to the Milwaukee Iron Com-
pany, 29,285 tons shipped to Chicago, and 5,430 tons to other
points. The company had orders for large additional amounts
which the early closing of navigation prevented their filling.
This ore, being what is termed cold short, is extensiv«>ly used
as a neutralizer for red short ores, and is also especially adapted
for fixing of puddling furnaces. The pig iron made from it with
a mixture of Lake Superior iron makes the best quality of iron
rails in use. The Wisconsin Tron Company also made, in 1871,
3,600 tons of charcoal pig iron at their furnace at Iron Ridge,
which they shipped to this city.
THE LUMBER TRADE.
The receipts for the past three years compare as below:
Lumber, feet
Shingles, number
Lath, feet
1879,
91,808,000
28,524,000
4,209,000
1871.
85,892,000
81,318.000
6,025,000
1870.
79.491,000
16,148,000
8,747,000
18— IKM.
)Doc. 15.)
194
GENERAL MEBCHANDISE.
The receipts of general eastern and foreign merchandise show
a steady increase from year to year, notwithstanding the fact
that many articles formerly brought from distant parts are now
supplied by home manufacture. According to the books of the
various transportation lines, the receipts f6r three years have
4)een as stated below, the figures not including salt, pig iron,
plaster, railroad iron, or other coarse freight. The totals of a
few leading commodities are also given for comparison, al-
though not regarded as strictly correct, as most of the figures
were obtained from the custom house books, where omissions
are of very common occurrence:
SECEIPTS OF MERCHANDISE.
General eastern merchandise, tons
Coffee, sacks
Sugar, barrels
Sugar, hhds
Tea, chests
Oil, barrels
Nails, kegs
Salt, barrels
Coal, tons
1871,
127,257
84,669
88,274
4,740
28,506
40,180
115, 865
217. 789
175, 526
1870.
118.884
28.167
78,278
4,400
18,888
80.924
97.497
182,888
122,865
18G0,
111,256
24,749
71,691
8,859
18,885
28,128
121.396
179, 678
87,960
FINANCIAL.
The total amount of checks paid during the year 1871 in
Milwaukee, was $348,395,576.69, and the amount of bank de-
posits was $350,651,513.36.
(
195
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SHIPUKNTS OF FLOUR AND GRAIN.
Tabi^e exhibiting the yearly shipments of Flour and Grain
from this point since 1845;
ISM..
1847..
1848..
1849..
1860..
1851..
1852..
1858..
18M..
1850..
1866 .
1857..
1868 .
1850..
I860..
1861..
1862..
1863..
1864..
1865..
1866..
1867..
1868..
1969..
1870..
1871..
1873..
197
Tabls exhibiting the yearly receipts and shipments of flour
at this point during the past fourteen years.
Tears.
Beceipts,
barrels.
1872
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1860
1859
814,202
796,782
824,799
807,763
567,858
502,252
495,901
389,771
295,225
458,424
529,600
518,800
305,208
239,952
Bbipmente,
iMrrels.
1, 233, 109
1,211,427
1,225,941
1,220,058
1,017.598
921.663
720,365
467. 576
414,838
603.526
711,405
674,474
457,843
282,956
Table shoxoing- the yearly receipts and shipments of wheat at
this point during the past fourteen years.
Ykabs.
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1868
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
Receipts,
bashols.
4,876,171
5,580,681
9,108,458
15,930,706
15. 630, 995
13,485,419
9,147,274
12,043,659
12,777,657
12,523,464
12,750,578
17,745,238
18,883,887
15,686,611
13,275,726
Shipments,
bushels.
8,994,218
4,782,957
7,668,608
13,800,495
14,915.680
12,837,620
8,992,479
10,479,777
11,684.749
9. 598, 452
9,878,090
14,272,799
16,127,888
18,409.467
11 ,468, 270
198
Table showing the prices of the leading grades qf winter
and spring wheat Flour in this market once a week during
the year 1872.
Jan. 6
Jan. 13
Jan. 20
Jan. 27
Feb. 3
Feb. 10
Feb. 17
Feb. 24
Mar. 2
Mar. 9
Mar. 16
Mar. 23
Mar. 30
Apr. 6
Apr. 13
Apr. 20
Apr. 27
M!ay 4
May 11
May 18
May 25
June 1
June 8
June 15
June 22
June 29
July 6
July 13
July 20
July 27
Aug. 3
Aug. 10
Aug. 17
Aug. 24
Aug. 31
Sept. 7
Sept. 14
Sept. 21
Sept. 28
Oct. 5
Oct. 12
Oct. 19
Oct. 36
Nov. 2
Nov. 9
Nov. 16
Nov. 23
Nov. 30
Dec. 7
Dec. 14
Dec. 21
Dec. 28
Winter Eztna.
16 00 to 7 00
6 00 to 7 00
6 00 to 7 00
6 00 to 7 00
6 00 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 00 to 7 50
6 00 to 7 50
6 00 to 7 50
6 00 to 7 50
600 to 7 50
600 to 7 50
6 00 to 7 50
7 00 to 8 00
700 to 825
7 50 to 8 75
7 50 to 8 75
9 75 to 9 00
8 50 to 9 75
8 50 to 9 75
8 50 to 9 75
7 50 to 9 50
7 50 to 9 50
7 50 to 9 50
7 50 to 9 00
7 00 to 850
7 00 to 8 50
7 00 to 850
7 00 to 8 50
650 to 850
7 00 to 850
7 00 to 8 75
7 00 to 8 75
6 50 to 8 00
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 60 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 50
6 50 to 7 00
6 75 to 8 00
6 75 to 8 00
Spring Bxtraa.
$5 65 to
5 65 to
5 60 to
5 50 to
5 50 to
5 50 to
.5 60 to
5 60 to
5 60 to
5 60 to
5 60 to
5 60 to
5 70 to
5 80 to
5 90 to
6 10 to
6 40 to
6 50 to
7 00 to
6 87ito
6 87|to
6 50 to
6 50 to
6 60 to
6 25 to
5 75 to
5 75 to
5 75 to
5 75 to
5 87ito
6 12ito
6 25 to
6 25 to
5 90 to
5 75 to
5 90 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
5 90 to
5 80 to
5 65 to
5 50 to
5 50 to
5 87jto
62|to
62ito
62lto
62}to
75 to
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 75
6 75
7 75
7 35
8 00
8 00
8 00
7
7
7
50
50
50
6 75
6 75
6 75
6 50
6 50
7
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
r5 to
00
25
25
25
00
6 75
6 75
00
00
6 75
7 00
6 77
6 75
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 25
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 75
6 75
Spring Snperiine.
$4 25 to
4 25 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
to
00 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
50 to
75 to
to
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
3
75
5 00 to
5 00 to
00 to
75 to
75 to
75 to
50 to
8 75 to
3 75 to
8 75 to
3 75 to
75 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
50 to
50 to
8 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
8 50 to
8 50 to
3 50 to
8 50 to
3 50 to
3
3
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
25
25
25
75
75
75
50
75
75
75
75
75
50
50
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
199
Table exhibiting the aggregate of the several kinds of grain
raised in Wisconsin. loica and Minnesota, for the year
1872.
WISCONSIN.
Corn, bushels 21 , 180, (XW
Wheat., do 22,807,000
Rye do 1,098,000
Oats do 16,646,000
Barley ..do 1,546,000
Potatoes .do
Hay, tons 1,898,000
3IINNES0TA.
Corn, bushels 7,987,000
Wheat., do 15,380,000
Rye do 75,000
Oats.... do 8,513,000
Barley.. do 979,000
Potatoes, do 3,214,000
Hay, tons 80,300
IOWA.
0
Corn, bushels 101,189,000
Wheat ..do 20,680,000
Jy® ^o ., 533,000
2**?---^^ 19,934,000
Barley.. do 2,194,000
Potatoes.do 6,631,000
Hay, tons 1,664,0C0
200
Total moyemekt of Wheat at Milwaukee in 1871.
-■ - ■ ■ ■ ■_ . l._-
Basheli.
Total.
THE SUPPLY.
Total receipts
15, 686, 611
1,788,379
In store beginning of year
Total suddIv
17,474,990
13,409,467
2,839,465
1,226,058
DISPOSED OF as F0T.TX)WS :
Shipped eastward
Ground by mills in tiiis city
In store close of the year
Total shipped, ground and on hand Dec. 31
17,474,990
CoMPAEATivB average yield per acre of the last three \oheat
crops in the Northwest,
Crop of
Crop of
Crop of
18T1.
Wisconsin
15.3
14.7
16.3
13.4
12.5
15.2
12.2
Iowa
10,8
Minnesota
11.0
201
Beceipta of Wheat at Mihcaukee from Thirteen Crops.
Receipts Wheat Ttqm Sept.
Becelptf
1 from Jannary 1 to
Total Receipts for Year
1 to iJec. 81.
AngQstSl.
ending Angast 31.
Years.
Baehelfl.
Years.
Bushels.
Years.
Bushels.
1858
1,621,801
1859
1,185,867
1859
2,807,668
1859
8,794,810
1860
2,443,010
1860
6,242,825
1860
6,851,702
1861
6,894,111
1861
12,785,818
18«1
7,816,861
1862
8.471,114
1862
16,287,465
1862
6,192,845
1868
6,109,877
1863
12,808,822
1863
7,061,880
1864
7, 036, 810
1864
14,098.694
1864
2,049,048
1865
4,434,277
1865
6,473;785
1865
6,927,520
1866
6,253,946
1866
18,181.466
1866
6,240,054
1867
2,836,765
1867
9.086,819
1867
8,780,435
1768
4,380,718
1868
18.161,168
1868
7,629,714
1869
8,398,582
1869
16, 028, 296
1869
8,811,561
1870
10,268,876
1870
19 080, 487
1870
8.216,622
1871
7,740,489
1871
15,957,061
1871
7, 255, 684
J
It is thus seen that there was a deficiency in the total receipts
at this city from the crop of 1870, or the year ending August
31, 1871, of 3,123,376 bushels, exclusive of deliveries by wagons
which would slightly increase this amount.
The deficiency in receipts at Chicago, from same crop
amounted to about one million bushels, showing that a short
crop in Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, does not so perceptibly
affect the receipts at that point as at Milwaukee. Illinois, In-
diana, Southern Iowa and Missouri, are the sources from which
Chicago draws the greater part of her wheat trade.
Tha receipts of wheat for 1872, were 13,275,726 bushels and
the shipments 11,468,276 bushels, showing a considerable falling
off in both receipts and shipments from 1871.
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204
COKX.
For the first time in many years, Milwaukee had a consider-
able surplus of corn for export in 1871. The total receipts for
the year amounted to 1,151,382 bushels, and the shipments to
419,133 bushels, an increase in the former of 715,064 bushels
and in the latter of 315,960 bushels compared with the move-
ment of the previous year.
The corn crop in 1871 in the northwest appears to have ex-
ceeded in yield the large crop of 1870. Tne following figures
will show the estimated yield per acre of both crops in four of
the northwestern states:
Average yield of Corn crop.
Illinois, bushels per acre
Iowa do.... do...
Wisconsin.. do.... do. ..
Minnesota, .do. . . .do. . .
Table showing the yearly receipts and shipments of Corn at this
point during the past fifteen years.
Years.
1872
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1860
1859
1858,
Receipts,
Bus.
2,041,196
1,151,382
486,818
487,564
620,728
693,684
780,080
270, 754
460,575
358,450
258,954
114,981
126,404
156, 841
107,984
Shipments,
Bns.
1,557,953
419,183
108, 178
98,806
842,717
266,249
480,408
71,203
164,786
88,989
9,489
1,485
37,208
41,364
43,958
205
Table ahowiiig the Prices of the leading grades of Wheat sold
in this market at the close of each week during the year 1872.
Jan. 6
Jan. 18
Jan. 20
Jan. 27
Feb. 8
Feb. 10
Feb. 17
Feb. 24
Mar. 2
Mar. 9
Mar. 16
Mar. 28
Mar. 30
Apr. 6
Apr. 13
Apr. 20
Apr. 27
May 4
May 11
May 18
May 25
June 1
June 8
June 15
June 22
June 20
July 6
July 18
July 20
July 27
Aug. 8
Aug. 10
Aug. 17
Aug. 24
Aug. 31
Sep. 7
Sep. 14
Sep. 21
Sep. 28
Oct. 5
Oct 12
Oct 19
Oct 20
Nov. 2
Nov. 9
Nov.l«
Nov.28
Nov. 80
Dec. 7
Dec. 14
Dec. 21
Dec. 28
No. 1 Spring.
1 24 5 to
1 24Jto
1 27}to
1 3oUo
1 60 to
1 55ito
1 54 to
1 46 to
1 46 to
1 25 to
1 43 to
1 25 to
1 26ito
1 25 to
1 20|to
1 28>to
1 21 to
1 14 to
1 17 to
1 15 to
1 17ito
1 17 to
1 lOito
1 21 to
1 26 to
25
24
23
24i
24|
25|
28
28
28
80
27
29
80
30
32
36
48
60}
56
55
46}
48
46}
83
80}
25}
82
28}
80
88
48
48}
22
25)
27
25}
2t
22
24
21}
14}
171
15|
171
16
18
18}
21
21}
26}
No. 3 Spring.
1 22}to
1 21}to
1 22fto
1 24 to
1 24}to
1 19}to
1 23}to
1 55}to
49 to
43}to
45|to
29}to
23 to
20}to
25|to
21}to
25 to
41 to
43 to
20}to
18}to
19}td
18}to
ISfto
07ito
09; to
06|to
06 to
ll}to
17}to
lOfto
18}to
16}to
20 to
23
22
21}
24}
25
25}
24:
24
19{
24
22
23|
23
27}
35
Ko. 8 Spring.
1 19 to
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
19
19
20
19
19}
1 19}
1 21}
123}
1 48
1 44
1 37
1 12
1 17
1 12
1 25
1 05
1 09 to 1 10
1 18 to 1 13}
1 08^to
97 to
1 04 to
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
10
18
lOi
00
00
97}
95
00
00
02}
04}
1 09}
s (
206
Table exhibiting the prices of Coarse Grains in this market at
the close of each week in 1872:
Jan. 6 .
Jan. 18 .
Jan. 20 .
Jan. 27 .
Feb. 8 .
Feb. 10 .
Feb. 17 .
Feb. 24 .
Mar. 2 .
Mar. 9 .
Mar. 16 .
Mar. 23 .
Mar. 80 .
Apr. 6 .
Apr. 13 .
Apr. 20 .
Apr. 27 .
May 4 .
May 11 .
May 18 .
May 25 .
Jun. 1 V
Jun. 8 .
Jun. 15 .
Jun. 22 .
Jun. 29 .
July 6 .
July 13 .
July 20 .
July 27 .
Aug. 8 .
Aug. 10 .
Aug. 17 .
Aug. 24 .
Aug. 81 .
Sept. 7 .
8eptl4 .
Sept. 21 .
Sept. 28 .
Oct. 5 .
Oct. 12 .
Oct. 19 .
Oct. 26 .
Nov. 2 .
Nov. 9 .
Nov. 16 ,
Nov. 28
Nov. 80 .
Dec. 7 .
Dec. 14 .
Dec. 21 .
Dec. 28 .
OaU,17o.9.
81 to
8H to
87J
40i
88
271
27 to 291
27 to 271
27'
264 to 27
24i to 25
25i
24^ to 241
•23| to 24^
24 to 24x
2?
22
22>i
23
234
26
27
27,
26|
26
264
Com, No. S. Rye, No. 1. Barlej^No.S
41i
67}
ft7l
71 to
78 to
69 to
72 to
55 to
554 to
55 to
50 to
68 to
58 to
63
55
65
207
OATS.
The receipts of oats at this market in 1871 amounted to
1,121,950 bushels against a total of 638,098 in 1870. The ship-
ments show an increase of 562,742 bushels. Prices were main-
tained at a range of 48@56 during the greater part of the first
half of the year, but as soon as the new crop commenced com-
ing forward, they declined to 30@31, and in October, sold as low
as 28|-. The average yield per acre in the northwestern states
of the last two crops is estimated as follows by the agricultural
department:
Average yield of Oats,
Wisconsin, bushels per acre
Illinois, do
Iowa, do
Minnesota, do
Crop of
1870.
27.9
26.0
29.7
82.9
Table showing the yearly receipts and shipments of Oats at
this point during the past ffteen years:
TXAR8.
1872
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864*
1868
1862
1861
1860
1859
1858
Reeeipte,
Bus.
1,608,048
1,121,950
688, 098
722, 949
994,784
1,156,819
1,817,280
667,492
1, 055, 844
948.429
282,756
151,846
178, 963
860,912
682,470
BblpTDents,
Bne.
1,885,869
772,929
210,187
851, 768
586, 589
622. 469
1,686,695
826,422
801,494
831,600
79,094
1,200
64,682
299,002
562, 067
208
EYE.
The receipts of rye at this city for 1871 show an increase of
upwards of a hundred per cent., compared with 1870, and were
much larger than in any former year. The receipts for 1872
fall slightly short of those for 1871.
Receipts and Shipments of rye at this point during the past
fifteen years, were as follows:
Ykabb.
1872
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1868
1862
1861
1860
1859
1858
R«>oelpU,
Bashels.
409,933
466,341
190,593
203,804
21b, 923
237,308
283,030
134,360
88,541
158,882
154,476
73,448
32,882
82,733
21,656
Shipments.
Baahels.
209,210
208, 89d
62,494
120,662
95,036
106,795
255,829
51,444
84,047
126,301
29,810
9,735
11,577
5,876
BABLEY.
In common with other coarse grains, the receipts of barley
for 1871 show a large increase, compared with the previous
year, the ^deliveries during the former amounting to 874,070
bushels against 585,971 bushels in 1870, a gain of nearly 50
per cent.
The receipts for 1872 were 1,447,569 bushels, and the ship-
ment 931,307 bushels, showing still a very large increase over
1871.
The barley brop of 1871 throughout the Northwest was larger
than that of 1870, which was considered a very large crop. The
quality was also better than the previous crop. The returns to
the Commissioner of Agriculture from the northwestern states
indicate the average yield of the last two crops to have been as
stated below.
209
Average yield of Barley %7i the Northwest.
Wisconsin, bushels per acre
Illinois do
Iowa* •"....•••' do
Minnesota do
Heceipts and Shipments of Barley at this point during the
past fifteen years were as follow e;
1872
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1860
1859
1858
Receiptf,
BttB.
1,447,569
874,070
585,971
247,499
244,982
192,007
152,696
149,448
198,825
199,469
149,997
66, 991
159, 796
128,984
169, 578
Shiraientf,
jScb.
931,807
576,458
469,825
78,035
91,443
30,822
18,988
29,597
23,479
133,447
44,900
5,220
28,056
53,216
63,178
14— Imc.] I
(Do 3. 15.)
210
AVERAGE YIELD AND PRICES OF GRAIN.
Table ahomng the average yield per acre of the Ghrain Crops
of the United States for 1870 and 1871, and the average
Price of Wheat on the first day of January^ 1871 and 1872,
compiled from Meports of the Agricultural Department,
Whsat.
COBH.
States.
1870
1871
a
s
a-:
1870
1871
u
-To
•0,0
. •«
H
5*«
H
•0.0
Maine
14.8
14.8
16.8
17.6
13.0
15.2
1.78
1.59
1.80
1.72
1.62
1.68
33.0
85.6
39.6
33.0
26.0
26.4
34.0
33.0
35.8
25.0
22.5
20.0
14.6
8.9
13.6
10.8
17.5
16.5
22.5
26.5
81.8
25.8
30.4
32.1
31.4
35.2
39.5
39.0
37.0
88.0
33.0
32.0
28.0
29.9
35.6
25.7
27.2
New HamDshire
35.7
Vermont ;
16.6 1.63
18.2 1.75
85.6
Massachusetts
34.3
Rhode Island
27.8
Connecticat
17.8 i 17.0
1.52
1.41
1.43
1.27
1.25
1.28
1.23
1.55
1.51
1.54
1.45
1.52
1.52
1.39
1.42
2.03
1.66
31.4
New York
13.8
12.8
12.0
10.0
9.7
9.6
8.6
7.0
8.0
17.2
18.0
16.2
11.5
12.0
8.0
83.0
New Jersey
86.0
Pennsylvania
35.6
Delaware
22.0
Maryland
28.6
Virginia
22.6
North Carolina
South Carolina
6.0 1.21
5.0 1.89
14.0
10.0
Georgia <
5.0
1.47
10.3
Florida
10.7
Alabama. ,-,,-.,»»- t t - - t
8.4
9.7
6.3
10.0
1.28
1.52
1.56
1.59
14.5
Mississsippi
LfOuisiana
14.0
14.4
Texas
Arkansas
11.7
10.8
8.8
11.4
10.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
13.8
14.0
13.4
15.2
12.5
15.0
14.4
19.0
19.5
11.5
8.4
5.0
10.0
6.1
18.4
12.3
12.0
13.9
14.0
12.2
11.0
10.8
15.9
10.8
17.5
19.2
1.73
1 30
.97
1.22
1.00
.91
.94
1.00
1.09
1.08
90
.83
.78
.86
.64
1.10
.95
«
1.97
1.55
1.28
1.31
1.29
1.16
1.18
1.26
1.26
1.82
1.11
1.00
.96
1.13
.90
1.41
1.04
10.0
26.7
Tennessee
23.0
West Viririnia
27.6
Kentucky
27.3
Missouri
Illinois
Indiana, . . ^ t . - ^ »
38.0
38.8
35.7
Ohio
38.5
Michiiran t.^-t
82.4
Wisconsin
37.7
87.8
Iowa
42.5
Kansas
40.0
Nebraska
41.5
California
38.0
Oresron
26.6
211
Table showing average yield per acre — continuetl.
Stateb.
Maine
Kew Hampshire,
Vermont ,
Massachusetts . . .
Rhode Island. . . .
Connecticut
Kew York
Kew Jersey
Pennsylvania. . . .
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
Korth Carolina. .
South Carolina . .
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisiana
Texas
Arkansas
Tennessee
West Virgjinia. . .
Kentucky
Missouri
Illinois
Indiana
Ohio
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Iowa
Kansas
Kebraska
California
Oregon
BTB.
1870
17.6
16.0
15.8
15.4
18.0
14.4
13.0
13.4
12.0
io.'i'
0.6
8.8
5.8
8.1
i'.Y
10.0
19A
18.2
11.8
14.1
12.1
15.6
16.4
13.7
13.8
18.2
18.6
17.7
17.6
20.8
23.7
88.0
25.0
1871
SB
^8
17.2
18.5
160
18.0
19.6
14.2
16.6
15.0
14.6
5.0
11.5
18.6
6.6
7.1
7.8
11.5
9.2
9.2
i2!i
12.0
8.4
13.0
9.4
17.1
17.8
13.9
14.5
14.4
16.1
16.8
19.9
19.0
18.0
27.0
25.0
1870
19.5
21.5
23.8
20.7
24.0
26.5
21.2
28.'9
22.0
15.0
15.0
30.0
22.'6'
20.0
19.0
26.4
20.0
24.1
23.5
25.0
26.5
24.5
26,0
24.0
29.0
26.9
82.8
1871
la
21.5
29.4
22.8
24.2
23.0
25^9
14.6
17.8
11.0
22.0
27.5
25.5
27.4
26.1
23.2
29.9
25.4
29.6
21.8
29.6
28.4
29.0
OAT*.
1870 ! 1871
fc
1
27.4
29.7
83.7
26.4
82.7
82.4
82.4
81.0
82.0
20.0
24.0
19.5
16.2
9.7
14.6
12.5
15.6
14.5
25.0
21.6
28.6
19.8
27.2
23.2
25.0
26.0
28.1
31.1
85.3
27.9
32.9
29.7
31.5
33.7
85.5
86.0
-I
25.0
87.0
85.5
31.4
88.8
31.6
39.1
83.8
31.0
20.0
17.7
16.4
10.6
8.9
10.7
13.0
13.4
13.8
20.0
25.1
25.0
15.2
25.1
24.3
28.3
33.1
28.8
34.7
34.2
38.6
83.8
41.1
31.8
31.8
40.0
29.7
212
SACINB AND OSSEN BAT.
The total shipments of grain hy lake from Racine and Green
Bay combined during the year 1871 were as follows:
Wheat, bushels 155.450
Oats, do 805,351
Com, do 81,808
Barley, do 18,805
The shipments of grain from other Wisconsin ports, Kenosha
Port Washington, Sheboygan and Manitowoc are principally in-
cluded in the receipts by lake at Milwaukee and Chicago, and
the amounts would be duplicated by adding them to the ship-
ments of the last named ports. The shipments from Racine
and Green Bay, as above reported, went eastward without tran-
shipment either at this port or Chicago.
OBASS SEED.
The receipts of grass seed as reported at this market in 1871
amounted to 12,210 bushels timothy, and 16,053 bushels clover
seed. .
Table showing monthly range of Prices of Seeds in this mar-
ket in 1871.
Mouths.
Januaiy...
February..
March. . . .
April
May
June]
July
August . . .
September
October. . .
November
December.
Timothy 8oed, per
buibel.
4
5
4
50
00
00
8 50
2 50
2 50
2 50
2 25
2 25
2 25
2 25
2 25
to5 60
to 6 75
to6 40
to5 50
to400
to 4 00
to400
to 4 00
to 2 76
to 2 76
tod 00
tod 00
CloTer Seed, per
bushel.
5 50 to 6 50
6 50to6 20
4 75 to 6 50
4 50 to 5 75
5 00 to 6 75
5 00 to 5 75
5 00 to 5 75
5 00to6 00
5 00to6 50
5 00 to 5 75
5 00to6 40
6 00to6 50
Flax Seed, per
bnahei.
1 60 to 1 75
1 60 to 1 76
1 60to2 20
1 00to2 00
1 90to200
1 90to2 00
1 50to2 00
1 50 to 1 76
50 to 1 76
40tol 60
40tol
1
1
1
1
50
40tol 60
1
213
CRANBEBBIES.
The receipts of cranberries at this city, during the year,
amounted to 19,594 barrels, all but 377 barrels of which were
received during the fall from the last crop. The proportion of
cultivated berries was larger than ever before. The range of
prices in this market during the fall months was as follows:
WUd.
CnltiTated.
September,
October . . •
per barrel
18 00 to 10 00
8 00 to 10 75
7 00 to 11 00
8 00 to 0 60
$11 00 to 12 00
... do. ■••
11 00 to 18 50
November. ,
, , , do
Id 00 to 18 00
December .
...do
12 60
HOPS.
Table showing receipts^ shipments and prices qf hops in 1871,
MOXTRB.
January . .
February .
March. . . .
April
M ay
June
July
August., t
September
October. . .
Kovember
December.
Totals
In 1870...
In 1869...
In 1868...
In 1867...
In 1866...
In 1865...
Bales.
Receipts.
1,858
555
1,215
2,572
1,922
1,959
2,120
1,867
8,228
8,084
945
596
21,871
14,819
41,025
88,627
26,262
5,801
8,000
Shipments.
1,682
307
1,100
2,735
2,010
2,375
2,040
1,350
2,159
2,730
1,038
1,031
20,507
14,229
41. 794
87,385
23,700
Pbicbs Pib PoiTin>.
Old.
8 to
3 to
8 to
8 to
8 to
3 to
3 to
5 to 10
10 to 15
10 to 15
12 to 20
15 to 25
4
5
5
5
5
5
7
New.
4 to 5
5 to 10
5 to 10
5|to 10
5Ato 10
5 to 10
10 to 15
25 to 28
30 to 50
30 to 55
80 to 55
32 to 55
214
BUTTEB.
The receipts of butter at this city in 1871, as reported daily
to the Chamber of Commerce, amounted to 4,217,544 pounds,
of which 883,247 pounds were brought in by the American Ex-
press Co., and 891,896 by the United States Express Co.,
according to the estimates of the Express Clerk at the Union
Depot. The receipts during each month were as below:
\
Table, showing Meceipts and Shipments of Sutter for
Fourteen Years,
Yean.
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1863
1861
1860
1859
1858
Receipts.
4,217,544
3,779,114
2,554,454
1,408,153
623,589
1,711,217
1,200,381
1,386,317
852,596
1, 068, 966
484,358
889,025
545,658
349,929
Shipments.
2,910,4&
3,075,713
1, 928, 971
623,882
871,717
1,318,318
1,263,740
1,749,755
986,826
1,283,406
637,700
814,316
504,574
131, 859
215
J!
fid
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I
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5
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2
2
2
2
00
t-
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C9
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2
2
2
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2
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lO >0 CD
U9
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04 tH tH tH
B B B B S
O O 04 « ^
04
2
04
2
09
04
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09
i I -g
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<i a »? ►?
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2
O
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216
EGGS.
The receipts of eggs by railroad and lake at this market dur-
ing the year 1871 amounted to 16,877 packages, and the ship-
ments to 8,671 barrels. In March, April, May and June, the
receipts were upwards of 2,000 packages per month, and were
to a lage extent repacked here for shipment eastward.
Ybarb.
1871
1870
1869
1868
■ ■ ■ ■*
Receipts.
Packages.
16,877
11,841
9,014
9,400
Shipments.
Barrels.
8,571
8,183
8,620
2,701
WOOL.
Statkmext of the amount of Wool shipped from Milwaukee
annually for Twelve Years,
Tbars.
1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1862
1861
1860
Foands.
2,614,072
2,843,821
2,501,666
8,782,595
2,085,006
1,597,487
2,277,850
1,993,372
1,355,379
1,314.210
1,000,225
669,375
QuotaiioTis of Wool in this market during the Season qf 1S71.
June 8 .
June 10
June 17 .
June 24 .
July 1 .
July a .
July 16 .
July 23 ..
July 29 .
Aug.' 15 ;'
Aug. 19 ..
Aug. 26 ..
Sep. a .,
Sep. 9 ..
Sep. 18 . .
Sep. 23 . .
Bep. 80 . .
Oct. 7 ..
Oct. 14 . .
Oct. 21 . .
Oct. 88 . .
Pnlleaf
LITE HOGS AND BEKP CATTLE.
Receipts qf Live Hogs and Seef Cattle for nine years.
Tmm.
UreHogi.
Baar cutis.
136,164
06,138
63,296
48,717
76,758
81.881
7.646
43.260
S0,B26
13,631
1863
14,655
Shipments in 1871 were confined to 4,239 hogs and 6,433 head
of beef cattle. The number of beef cattle slaughtered in the
city was about 12,000, which added to the number shipped, will
218
show that the total receipts must have been at least 16,433 head,
of which 7,213 reached the market from other sources than by
raibroad.
POBK PACKING.
The total number of hogs packed in , Milwaukee during the
season of 1871-2, was 313,118, an increase of 72,774 hogs over
the previous season, and of 130,655 hogs over the largest cut-
ting of any season prior to 1870-71. The total receipts during
the packing season at this city amounted to 320,232 hc^, of
which it is seen only 7,114, live and dressed, were shipped to
other markets. A larger proportion of the hogs packed here
the last season were received alive than usual. In this respect
the packing for several seasons compares as below:
Number of Hogs packed at Milwaukee.
SsABOH or
1871-72
1870-71
1869-70
186H-69
1867-68
Live Hogs.
124,556
73, 827
56,487
52,009
85,295
Breesed Hogs.
188,562
166,517
116,139
76.985
74,168
Total.
313,118
240,344
172,626
129,094
159,463
The average weight of the hogs cut by the packers of this
city the past season was about^3jt pounds less than the previous
season, so that the increase in total weight of pork packed was
relatively less than the increase in the number of hogs cut.
The actual increase in net weight was about twenty-eight and a
half per cent.
219
liOYEMENT OF THE HOG CHOP.
Receipts of Hogs, live and dressed, at this point by rail, are
as follows:
Live, for week ending Deccmber;28 6, 206
Dressed, .do do. ...... .do. .". 4, 114
Total live and dressed
Since Oct. 1, 1872
Same period 1871
1870
1869
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1863
1863
10.320
124.698
140, 761
96,662
104,063
95, 095
101,425
42,415
25,641
84,147
100.885
79,516
Receipts of dressed alone, by rail, compare as follows:
For week 4, 114
Since Nov. 1, 1872 18,890
Same time 1871 34,817
1870 86,978
1869 47,595
1868 49,582
1867 : 27,760
1866 33,617
1865 17,904
1864 42,961
1863 53,771
1862 86,871
1861 23,582
1860 • 20,175
1859 40,557
1858 27,192
The following are the statistics of hog packing to date, at the
principal points, as compared with the same tinie last season:
Chicago . . . .
Cincinnati . .
St. Louis....
Louisville . .
Milwaukee .
Indianapolis
Peoria ,
1879,
623.788
860,000
850,000
250,000
119,782
95,000
80,000
1871,
698, 676
542,785
275,000
809,000
187,040
96,000
72,000
220
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04 C9 09 04
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O CD CD ^ 4D
CO T-i tH C9 iO
09 dl 09 04 09
09 tfC
S
3
s
09
CD
oa -* O
SCO a
o oo
3
CD
CD
9 9
00
tH 00
09 A
S
00
CD
00
O
o
o
C8
I
o
o
S K-i M ^
0)
S
d
d
«8
O
5
o
d
d
d
o
S
3
»S S » M
,d
S
o
09
to
o
*d
221
Table showing the yearly receipts of live hogs and cattle at
this point since 1863.
Tkabs.
1873
1871
1870
1860
1868
1867
1866
1865
1864
1868
No. LWe Hogt.
N(KCAttl«.
131, ar?
18,850
126,164
0,220
66,188
12.072
53,296
12,621
48,717
18,200
76,758
15,527
81,881
12,056
7,546
14,280
42,260
18,845
56,826
14,656
Table giving a summary of the number of men employed^ im-
provements and am,ouHt qf manufactures in our shops
during the past year.
BUBIHXflS.
Rolling mill
Iron foundries, etc
Breweries
Tanneries
Clothing
Boots and Shoes
Furniture t
Straw Goods
Coffee and Spices
Hats, Caps and Furs
Boat and Ship Building
Sash, Doors and Blinds
Packing Boxes
Marble and Stone Cutting
Wagons and Carriages..
Brooms
Bellows
Brain and Sewer Pipe
Soap
Matches
Organs
Willow Ware
Brass Foundries
Tobacco and Cigars
Miscellaneous
Totals
No.
Employes.
1,000
782
850
385
1,280
451
801
870
03
105
283
280
101
100
71
20
11
28
33
110
30
800
V 75
600
137
7,886
ImproTementB,
1878.
1160,000
212, 500
70,000
11,400
45,000
21,500
0,000
50,000
10,000
6,600
10,000
16,000
14,000
12,600
1,000
4,500
15,000
2,000
10,000
2,800
1688,800
Mannftictiiret,
or Sales.
18,000,000
050,000
2,251,500
2,560,000
2,025,000
885,000
370,000
855,500
775,000
200.000
250,700
400,000
262,000
105,000
102,000
25,600
5,000
84,000
245,000
120,000
50,000
125,000
280,000
2,562,000
330,800
118,417.600
Z%'Z
Table exhibiting the prices of Cattle^ Sags and Sheep at the
close of each week in 1872. -
WEKK XXDIKO
Jan. 6
Jan. 13
Jan. 20
Jan. 27
Feb. 3 .«.
Feb. 10
Feb. 17
Feb. 24
Mar. 2
Mar. 9
Mar.l6
Mar.23
Mar.30
Apr. 6
Apr. 13
Apr. 20
Apr.27
May 4
May 11
May 18
May 26
June 1
June 8
June 15
June 22
June29
July 6
July 13
July 20
July 27
Aug. 3
Aug. 10
Aug. 17
Aug. 24
Aug.81
Sep. 7
Sep. 14
Sep. 21
Sep. 28
Oct. 5
vCv. 1^ •• ..•■•■>...
Oct. 19
Oct. 26
Nov. 2
Nov. 9
Nov.16
Nov.23
Nov.30
Dec. 7
Dec. 14
Dec. 21
Dec. 28
L. Hogs, 1(X) IbB.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8 62ito
8 62{to
3 62ito
3 75 to
8 75 to
8 80 to
00 to
00 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
25 to
4 40 to
4 50 to
40 to
40 to
40 to
25 to
4 25 to
4
20 to
20 to
00 to
00 to
25 to
20 to
10 to
10 to
10 to
10 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
50
80
25
40
45
80
55
35
80
80
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
50
50
60
00
00
00
00
00
25
50
50
75
75
75
75
00
00
5 00
25 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
00 to
20 to
00 to
3 65 to
3 75 to
3 55 to
3 65 to
4
4
4
4
4
4
75
75
80
50
75
25
50
50
15
40
15
85
3 85
3 70
8 75
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
CatUe,1001bt.
1 75
1 75
2 00
2 00
2 50
2 50
2 25
2 25
2 50
2 50
3 50
8 50
3 50
3 50
8 50
8
8
8 50
00
00
00
00
00
03
00
00
00
50
8 00
8 00
8 00
8 00
3 00
3 00
00
75
00
3 00
8 00
3 00
8 00
3 00
50
00
00
00
50
60
60
2 60
2 50
250
to
to
to
to
to
to
4
4
4
4
5
5
50
50
50
50
50
50
toH5 50
to
to
to
50
50
50
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
6
5
to 6 25
to 6 25
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 50
to 5 50
to 5 50
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 6 00
to 5 50
to 5 50
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
25
25
25
00
00
50
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
75
75
60
50
50
50
50
60
60
Sheep, lOO lbs.
3 75 to
3 75 to
3 75 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
8 50 to
8 50 to
00 to
00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
5 00 to
4 60 to
4 50 to
5 50 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
6 00 to
4 50 to
'4 50 to
5
6
5
6
5
5
7
7
4
4
3
3
4
4
00 to
00 to
4 00 to
3 75 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
00 to
75 to
00 to
00 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 50 to
3 60 to
8 50 to
3 50 to
8 50 to
3 SO to
3 50 to
3 50 to
8 50 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
3 00 to
8 00 to
00
00
00
00
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
6 50
25
25
8 00
8 00
8 00
7 50
7 50
8 00
8 00
8 00
8 00
800
00
00
00
75
75
75
25
25
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
50
50
50
00
00
00
25
25
60
5
5
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
223
Table exhibUing the prices of leading articles tw tliis market^
at the close of the year 1872, as compared with the same period
in 1871;
Articlks.
Gold
Flour, winter
spring
rye
buckwheat .. .
Bran
Middlings, coarse . . .
fine
Corn meal, course . . .
fine ... .
Wheat, No. 1 spring .
No. 2 do . .
Oats, No. 2
Corn, No. 2
Rye, No. 1
Barley, No. 2
No. 3
Mess Fee**
Mess Pork
Prime Mess
Extra Prime
Sweet pickled Hams
Dry salted Shoulders
Prime Lard
Prime Tallow
Live Hogs
Dressed Hogs
Cattle
Sheep
Butter
Beans
Brick
Coal, Lehigh
Barrels, pork
flour
Tierces, lard
Cheese
Cider
Eggs
Whitefish, No. 1
Trout, No. 1
Green Apples
Dried Apples
Peaches, pared
unpared . . . .
Raisins, new
Sugar, N Y coffee . . .
New York Syrup. . . ,
Tea, green
black
Dec. 81, 1872.
6 75 to
5 75 to
4 25 to
7 00 to
10 60 to
11 60 to
13 00 to
1 23ito
34 to
11 50 to
8 to
SJto
7 to
7ito
3 65 to
2 60 to
3 00 to
10 to
1 50 to
12 00 to
13 00 to
40 to
1 65 to
18 to
7 50 to
22 to
25 to
5
4
4
75 to
00 to
6}to
20 to
6 to
2 65 to
12ito
45 to
55 to
45 to
13 00
14 00
1 25
45
1 75
14
8 00
24
5 50
5 00
4 50
10^
24
8
2 70
12f
90
1 45
1 10
Dec. 80, 1871.
6 00 to
5 50 to
3 70 to
7 25 to
21 00 to
1 20 to
1 09
7 00
6 50
4
7
00
50
15 00
17 00
23 00
20 00
22 00
1
1
8 50 to
13 00 to
8 to
8fto
71to
20 to
10 to
75 to
4
5
1
a 00 to
10 to
00 to
00 to
4
5
4
5
1
7
1 90 to
40 to
2 40 to
12 to
6 50 to
24 to
75 to
25 to
00 to
8 to
22 to
9 to
3 95 to
12ito
45 to
65 to
75 to
4
4
4
20i
32
m
64
6U
53
9 00
18 25
12 00
10 00
9
^
9
81
85
15
50
00
20
2 00
10 00
12 00
2 00
45
2 50
14
7 00
25
00
50
60
12
25
11
4 00
12|
1 00
1 55
1 60
5
4
4
224
Comparative jPrtce*— continued.
Articles.
Coflfec, O. G. Java
Rio
Rice, Carolina
Highwines
HideSi green^
Hops, new
Bar Iron
Lumber, com. boards . .
Lath, per m packages . . .
Sliingles, A
Leather, No. 1 sole
Nails
Oil, carbon
linseed
lard
Pig iron, Scotch
Lake Superior
Potatoes
Peas, green
white
Dressed Turkeys
Geese
Chickens
Salt, fine
coarse
Clover seed
Timothy do
Tin Plate, LC
Vinegar
Wood
Wool, fleece
Bags, Stark A
Brown sheeting, Atl. A. . .
Bleached do N. Y. M.
Prints, Merri'c D
December 80, 1871.
81 @ 82
22 @
25
»l@
10^
00
8i@
9
40 @
55
4
18 00
8 75
4 00
82 @
84
4 87i@
4 60
26 @
28
83 (3
88
90 @
05
46 00 @48 00
41 00 @43 00
80 (d
1 00
90 (a 1 60
1 00 @
1 20
12 @
18
8 @
9
7 (a
9
285 @ 240
2 85 @ 240
5 75 @ 6 00
250 @ 8 00
11 00
15
10 00
67 @
60
36 50
18i
21
Hi
225
ISON ORE.
Receipts qf Iron Ore at Milwaukee for the past Four Years.
YXAIU.
1871, tons
1870.. do.
1869.. do.
1868. .do.
From
Iron Bidge.
75,842
78,687
4,695
2,590
From
Lake Snpe'r
28,094
17,060
2,829
ToUl.
108,986
95,587
7,024
2,590
LAKE FISH.
Table showing the amount of Lake Fish inspected at Milwau-
kee during the Year 1871.
Whiteflsh half bbls.
Trout -. do. . . .
Wbiteflsh and trout, mixed. . . .do
Lake herring do. . . .
Pickerel do. . . .
Siskowitts do
Perch do. . . .
9,809
2,778
94
288
41
81
1
Total half barrels. 18,042
Quantities inspected in former years.
1863, half brls 10,840
1864.... do 18,479
1865.... do 12,895
1866 do 8,801
1867 ...do 10,050
1868.... do 12,087
1869 ...do 10,578
1870.... do 10,687
15 — Imm.
(Do c. 15.)
2S6
Tablb Shcwitiff the currtfU JR<Ue8 <f Freight on Flour and
Wheat /rom Milu>auiee to the Points named^ once a Week^
during the Tear 1871.
DXTES^
4
11
18
Jan. 7
Jan. U
Jan. 21
Jan. 23
Feh. 4
Feb. 11
F«b. 18
IVb. 25
Mar,
Mar
Mar.
Mar. 25
Apr. 1
Apr. 8
A^r. 15
Apr. 22
Apr. 29
Mar e
MaV 13
May 20
May 27
Jun. 2
Jon. 10
Jnn. 17
Jun. U
Julv 1
JulV 8
July 15
JulV 22
July 29
Auc. 5
Auc. 12
Auf . 19
Aug.2e
8epL 2
Sept 9
Sept 16
Oa Flour per Burcl, m Noted.
New York
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.00
1.00
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
To
Boston.
To
FUladel-
To
Portland.
AUBaiL
1.80
1.80
1.90
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.80
1.30
1.25
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
90
90
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
1.30
1.30
1.80
1.30
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
85
85
85
. • ..• •
Leke^mdltaiL
75
85
65
85
70
80
60
80
70
80
60
80
TO
80
60
80
70
80
60
80
70
80
60
80
70
1 **
60
80
70
I 50
60
80
70
80
60
! 80
70
80
60
80
70
80
60
80
i»
90
70
80
)»
1 ^
70
80
80
^
70
90
80
90
70
90
90
1.00
80
, 1.00
90
1.00
1 80
• 1.00
90
. 1.00
; ^
1.00
90
1.00
' 80
1.00
90
1.00
i »
1.00
OnWlkMt,b7Lako.
To
lb
7 I.
4
5
6
«?»
5h
5 i
C I
5 •
5
5 •
4V
^\
1
c
s
8X
8
10
■SI
9
10
9
9
9
8«
10
11
M^
10
12
12X
15
227
Current Rates of Freight^ etc.— continued.
Datks.
Sept. 23
Sept 80
Oct 7
Oct 14
Oct 21
Oct 28
Xov. 4
Kov. 11
Nov. 18
Nov. 26
Dec. 2
Dec. 9
Dec. 10
Dec. 23
Dec. 80
On Floor per Barrel, at Noted.
To
KowTork
To
BoitOD.
To
Philadel-
phia.
1o
Portland.
On Wheat, by Lake.
To
Bnflhlo.
Lake and JBail--con.
90
1.00
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.80
1.80
1.30
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.00
80
1.10
90
1.20
1.00
1.20
1.00
1.20
1.00
1.80
1.10
1.80
1.10
1.80
1.10
1.80
1.80
AU Sail.
1.00
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.10
1.40
1.20
1.80
1.40
1.20
1.80
1.40
1.20
1.80
1.40
1.20
1.80
1.40
1.20
1.80
1.40
1.20
1.80
To
Ocwega.
7
10>^all
20
18
17
15
13
12
IS.
226
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231
Table showing the Helative Mortality on Steamships and
• Sailing Vessels from varioits ports auring the year 1871.
BTBAMBHIF8.
From Bremen among 83,693 Steerage Pass. 24 deaths or about -jx P^^ c^°^*
Glasgow, .do. . 22,578 do 16 do ^ per cent.
Hamoure.do. . 24,476 do 18 do ^ per cent
Liverpool .do.. 125,233 do 00 do ^ per cent.
Stettin. . . .do. . 2,424 do 45 do 1 } per cent
BAHJNO YE88ELS.
From Bremen among 5,906 Steerage Pass. 88 deaths or about # per cent.
Hamburg, .do. . 2,718 do 29 do l-f^ per cent.
Liyerpool. .do. . 4,762 do 16 do \ per cent
Table shotiring the Helative Mortality qf Adults and Children
on the Voyage^ each Month, during the year 1871.
Month.
January...
February..
March.....
April
May
June
July ,
August....
September.
October . . .
November.
December .
Total..
Adults.
2
11
18
11
7
6
6
6
26
18
102
Children.
4
1
4
14
24
22
14
11
14
13
40
16
177
Total.
5
1
^
25
87
88
21
17
20
19
66
29
279
332
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Statement, in detail^ of the occupcUi<m$ qf immigrants arrived
in the United States during the year ending June 30, 1872.
OOOUPATIOKB.
Males.
Female.
Total.
Actors
87
41
69
2
83
287
14
19
1
822
80
2
8
8
1
120
16
1
1
889
4
8
37
208
1
29
13
6
27
165
1
1
6
19
56
Architect
41
Artists, (not otherwise specified)
Auttiors
10
79
2
Chemists ..
•
88
Clerevmen
287
Dentists
14
Editors
19
£lectrotYi>ers
1
Engineers
822
EnsTavers
80
Gold-refiners
2
Horse-trainers
i'
8
Interpreters
7
Inventors
1
Lawyers
120
Lithoflranhers
16
1
Metallurtrists
1
Musicians
46
485
Naturalists
4
Philolofirista
8
PhotoflTaohers
37
208
Pisciculturists
•
•••••••• •
1
Priests
29
Professors, (not otherwise specified)
Henorters
13
6
Sculntors
27
188
808
Technolosrists
1
1
1
Writers . .
0
Total;profe88lonal occupations —
2,442
217
2,659
Anctioneers
2
1,088
200
20
1
16
2,229
22
14
50
107
89
481
2
Bakers
1,088
Barbers
200
Basket makers
20
Bill Doaters
1
Bird fanciers ..tt......t«t*....«Tt-r,
16
Blacksmiths
2,229
Bleachers •
22
Block makers
14t
Boiler makers ....... 1 1 ............ .
2*
60
Book binders
109
Braziers
89
Brewers •
481
S48
OeoupaHona </ Immigranie — continued.
OoouPATioir.
Brick makers
Brush makers
Batchers
Cabinet makers
Calkers
Carders
Carpenters
Chandlers
Cigar makers
Clerks
Confectioners
Coopers
Coppersmiths
Cork cutters
Curriers
Cutlers
Dairymen
Decorators
Designers
Diamond setters
Dressers
Druggists
Dyers
Finishers
Firemen
Flax dressers
Foresters
Founders
Furriers
Gardeners
Gilders
Glaziers
Grinders
Gunsmiths ••
Hatters
Ir«n workers
Japanners »
Jewelers
Joiners
Knitter
Lapidaries
Locksmiths
Machinists
Maltsters
Manufacturers
Mariners,.
Masons
Mechanics (not otherwise specified)
Millers
Milliners
MUlwrights
Miners
Molders
Males.
75
18
907
101
4
6
8,065
11
419
2,154
e7
510
11
8
29
44
8
14
11
1
76
110
16
52
28
5
18
88
619
24
92
2
15
75
76
8
892
8,115
2
805
472
2
818
1,408
8,264
4,143
622
15
6,689
7«iiiAlei.
Totel.
2
i
246
75
18
967
101
4
6
8,055
11
419
2,159
67
510
11
8
29
44
8
14
11
1
1
75
110
16
52
28
6
18
88
619
24
92
2
15
75
76
3
894
8,115
1
2
805
472
2
818
1,408
8,264
4,143
622
246
15
6,689
26
244
Oecupationt (jf /mm<^ranlt— oontinued.
Ooenptttoni.
Miae.
Female.
INital.
Nurses
1
1
62
7
968
6
188
62
269
11
51
1
26
814
17
60
41
42
Oil-refiners
1
Operatiyes
164
216
Packers
7
Painters
968
PaDer-hancers
6
Plumbers
188
Potters
52
Printers
269
Publishers
11
Puddlers ••
51
Rieirer •
1
i*»o6'»* •; • •
RoDe-Diakers
26
Saddlers
814
Sail makers •
17
60
Seamstresses ;
427
427
Shearer
1
518
2,140
1
ShiDwriflrhts
518
BhoemaiEers
2,140
Silk-insDector •••
1
1
Slaters
100
7
160
1
1
889
2,141
184
7
8
46
198
4
82
8
87
806
888
17
100
7
BDinnere
16
175
Stamoer
1
Stoker
1
889
Tailors
45
2,186
184
Telegraph operators
8
10
8
Tinkers
46
Tinners ^ , - t t - , , t r - - - t - , , t r t » t , , . , , . . .
198
Tot makers
2
6
82
Undertakers ....................... . .
8
87
Wearers. ••• •••.....
146
952
Wheelwrights ••••
888
Wool-sorters
17
Total skilled occnnations. .........
48,164
1.091
44,255
Airents. ,.,,,,,.,
92
2
58
5
1
1
7
96
.t. .......
92
2
Brokers
68
CaDitalists
6
Caterer »
1
1
Contractors
7
Cooks
48
189
345
OeeupaHons qf JmmtjTan^s— continued.
OOOUPATIOVl.
Equestriaa
Excavator
Farmers
Fishermen
Game-keepers
Hotel-keepers
Hunters
Knights
Laborers
Laundresses
Lumbermen
Merchants
Konks
Nnns
Officers, (not fturther defined).
Peddlers
Proprietors.
Benrants
Bhepherds
8hip4>imen
Showman
Soldiers • • •
Students
Sweepers
Teamsters
Travelers <
Underwriters
Yentriloquist
Total miscellaneous occupations.
Kale.
1
1
88,090
200
8
124
23
2
85,741
10
6,808
8
288
164
20
708
109
2
1
81
248
6
14
148
2
1
188,089
198
41
26
68
8
10,400
2
1
1
88,160
200
8
128
28
2
85,984
41
10
6,924
8
58
241
164
20
11,108
100
2
1
81
260
6
14
148
2
1
10,844
148,988
BBCAFITULATIOK.
Professional occupations-
Skilled occupatians.
Miscellaneous occupations
•Occupations not stated.. .
•Without occupation
Total
* Ctalell J womea a&d chlldm
2,442
48,164
188,089
2,919
58,666
217
1,091
10,844
7,126
146,858
2,659
44,255
148,988
10,045
208,914
404,806
346
Statement^ in detail, <f <A« NcMonalitit* <if Jmmigrantt Ar-
rived in the United States during the year ending June 30,
1872.
Comnmis.
England
Ireland .
Scotland
Wales. . .
Total BritlBh islands
Germany
Austria
Sweden
♦Norway
Denmark
Holland
Belgium
Switzerland
France
Spain
Portngal
Italy
Greece
Turkey
Bun^^
Bussia
Poland
Finland
Gibraltar
Heligoland
Isle of Man •
Jersey Islands
Sicily
Sardinia
Malta
China
Japan
India
Burmah
Syria
iCrabia
Morocco
Algeria
Egypt
Liberia
South Africa
Africa (part not specified)
Canada
Koya Scotia
lUlM.
42,496
86,648
7,940
686
87,669
FeniAlei.
27,268
82,184
6,976
629
66,967
88,418
67,691
2,296
1,887
8,610
4,954
6,840
4,681
2,684
1,156
1,186
724
481
267
2,812
1,838
6,061
8,256
435
160
821
95
8,139
1,005
11
1
16
4
170
68
682
362
1,158
489
16
8
4
8
2
1
8
3
2
2
80
14
2
7
1
7,606
17
188
• ••••••■•a
7
6
4
2
1
1
1
4
2
1
7
14
2
6
2
12,879
12,446
4,688
8,761
TataL
69,764
68,782
18,916
1,214
168,626
141, 109
4,182
18,464
11,421
8,690
1,909
788
8,650
9,817
695
416
4.144
12
20
228
994
1,047
24
7
8
11
4
44
2
8
7,788
17
12
6
1
1
1
4
8
21
2
7
24,825
8,299
*The ftctaal number of Immlgraatt from Norway is mach larfsr than this, as by flu
the greater nnmber coma OTer to i^nebec and throiigli Caaada lalo the United States .
^ O. C. J.
247
Ifcaionality tf /mmt^an<«— continued.
Xalai.
Total.
New Bronswick
2,441
1,102
72
412
2
487
7
4
10
9
17
6
5
19
1
8
604
80
11
9
226
25
18
4
1
2
2
1
2
3
685
8
1
19
8
165
27
1,957
4
1
1
72
11
2,009
778
188
101
2
82
1
4,450
Prince Edward Island
1,880
New Fonndland
205
VftiK^Aiiver'fl Island
513
Brit N.'A. ProvmceB,(Prov.not specified)
Mexico!
4
569
Central America
8
United States of Ck>lumbia
4
Venezuela
1
17
4
5
11
Guiana
26
Brazil
21
Arirentine ReDublic
11
chBi..™.™. :!;.::;. :::::::^
5
Peru
19
Ecuador
1
South America, (part not specified
Cuba
3
281
15
8
6
155
12
7
8
785
Porto Rico
45
Hayti....;
14
Jamaica
14
Bahamas
881
Barbadoes.
87
St. Croix
25
St. Thomas
7
St. Kitts
1
1
• 1
8
Martiniaue •
3
Grenada
1
Trinidad
1
1
255
3
West Indies, (island not specified)
Azores.
4
890
8
Madeiras
1
9
14
88
8
219
2
28
St Helena ,
22
208
Tahiti
80
Australia
2,176
New Zealand
4
1
2
PhilliDDine Islands
1
49
8
121
Countrv* not stated
19
Total
240.170
164,686
404,806
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DOCUMENT No. 15.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THB
ADJUTANT GENERAL
or THE
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
For the Fiscal Year ending September 30, 1872.
Adjutant General's Office,
Madison, Sept. 30. 1872.
To His Excellency^ 0. C. Washbubn,
Oovemor of the State of Wisconsin:
Govebnob: — I have the honor herewith to submit the annual
report required by law to be made by the Adjutant General.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
ROBERT MONTEITH,
Adjutant General,
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:.::
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THB
QUARTERMASTER GENERAL
OF THB
STATE OF WISCONSIN,
JFor the Fiscal Year ending September 50, 1872.
To His Excellency, C. C. Washbttbn,
Governor of the State of Wisconsin :
GoYBRNOR : — I have the honor to transmit here^th the report
of thig Department for the year ending September 30, 1872,
Very respectfully,
B. F. CRAM,
Quartermctster General.
EEPOET.
Head Quabtebs, State op Wisconsin,
Office of Quartermaster General^
Madison, October 1, 1872.
Governor: —
The transactions of this department for the year ending Sep-
tember 30, 1872, have consisted merely of the issue of arms and
accoutrements necessary for the equipment of the several mil-
itia companies organized during the year; and also the sale of
a quantity of useless military property.
The number of arms and accoutrements, ordnance and
ordnance stores on hand, the number received and issued, from
what source received and to whom issued, and the amount
received from the sales of unserviceable arms is shown in an
appendix hereto annexed, and marked from '^ A.'' to ^' G.'^
In accordance with Joint Resolution No. 13, general laws of
1867, authorizing the sale of useless military property, there has
been sold a large quantity of unserviceable arms, one worthless
cannon, a 'quantity of useless ammunition, the proceeds of
which have been placed in the State Treasury.
I am, Governor, very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
B. F. CRAM,
«
Quartermaster General.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX "A."
Showing the number of Arms on hand September 30, 1872.
Springfield Muskets 198
Sprinrfeld B. L. R 154
Enfield Muskets 40
Cavalry Carbines 44
Arrillery Carbines 47
Total 483
APPENDIX " B."
Showing receipts for Arms from different Military Companies
in the Statey during 1872.
Middleton Guard, Dane county —
65 Springfield Rifle Muskets, with accoutrements.
City Guards of Waupun, Dodge county —
67 Belgian Muskets, with accoutrements.
Watertown Guards —
75 Belgian Muskets, with accoutrements.
Evergreen City Cadets, of Sheboygan —
45 English Cav. Carbines, with accoutrements.
16
APPENDIX " 0."
*
Shotcing Arma^ Accoutrements^ etc,^ issued by the Governor to
the following Companies :
Januury 19, 1872. — Issued to Captain Jos. Arnold, commanding
Fond du Lao Rifle Company —
70 Belgian Rifled muskets with accoutrements, complete.
APPENDIX « D."
Showing amount of Ordnance and Ordnance SUytes^ issued
during 1872.
May 20, 1872. — Issued to Captain Chas. Osthelder, Milwaukee
Light Artillery —
1 set of Artillery Harness, complete.
June 3, 1872. — Issued to Captain Anton Germiner, Germania
Guards —
1 box of Ammunition, (Cal. 58.)
June 15, 1872. — Issued to Captain Chas. May, Milwaukee Light
Artillery —
1 Cassion and Spare Wheel, complete.
n
APPENDIX " E."
SJiowing nunioer of cannon owned hy the State and in ichos^
possession.
1 light 12-pounder, with field carriages and appendages com-
plete, in possession of Capt. A. O. BabcocK, " Trojan Vol-
unteer Artillery," Walworth county.
1 light 12-pounder, with field carriages and appendages com-
plete, in possession of Capt. John Fitzgerald, " Richland
Center Light Artillery," Richland county.
3 G-pounders in possession of Capt. Charles May, " Milwaukee
Light Artillery."
1 6-pounder in possession of citizens of DodgevLlle, Iowa Co.
(No bond.)
1 6-pounder in possession of Col. John Hancock, Oshkosh, Win-
nebago Co.
1 G-pounder in possession of G. N. West, Brandon, Fond du
Ijac Co.
1 6-pounder in possession of Capt. John Grindell, Plattevillo,
Grant Co.
1 6-pounder (trophy) in possession of Hon. J. M. Taylor, Mayor
of Fond du Lac, Fond du Lac Co.
1 G-poundcr in possession of Edward Hodges, Elkhom, Wal-
worth Co.
1 12-pounder Howitzer in possession of Capt. Washington Ash-
ton, " Douglas County Guards," Superior, Douglas Co.
1 12-ponnder on hand at State Armory,
Total— 13.
2— Adj. Gen. (Doc. 15.)
18
APPENDIX "F."
iShowing Ammunition Ofi hand in 1872, and amount issued
during the year.
Canister and round shot for G -pounder rounds 50
Kound shot and shell for 2-pounder , rounds 14
Elongated hall cartriges on hand.
Calibre (58) 2,000
Calibre (50), metalic 37,000
APPENDIX " G."
/Showifig am,ount received from sale of ti?iserviceable arms^
and ammunition^ and from whom received.
Wayne Ramsay $3,000 00
Angus Herfurth 181 98
C. A. Hendee 144 00
G. E. Cabinis 100 00
$3,425 98
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