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H„ 


ANNUAL    MESSAGE 


OF     ^ 


WILLIAM  A.  BAESTOW, 


GOVERNOR   OF   THE   STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


ABDBEBSED  TO  THE 


SENATE   AND  ASSEMBLY. 


JANUARY    12,    1866. 


MADISON:     • 
BBRIAH  BBOWN,  PBINTBB. 

liis! 


MESSAGE. 


Fellow  Citizens  of  the  Senate  cmd  Assembly : 

You,  having  assembled  to  discharge  the  high  and  responsible 
trust  confided  by  the  Constitution  to  the  representatives  of  the 
people,  it  becomes  my  duty  to  lay  before  you  such  information, 
concerning  the  condition  of  the  State,  as  I  may  possess ;  and  to 
recommend  for  your  consideration  and  action,  such  matters  as,  in 
my  judgment,  the  wants  and  interests  of  the  people  demand  at 
your  hands.  But,  before  proceeding  to  the  performance  of  that 
duty,  I  regard  it  as  not  only  proper,  but  even  obligatory  upon  me 
to  advert  to  the  results  of  the  year  which  has  just  closed ;  and  to 
indulge  in  congratulations  to  an  extent  never  before  warrantable 
in  the  History  of  Wisconsin.  With  the  exception  of  the  epidemic, 
which  has  prevailed  so  generally  throughout  our  country,  it  may 
be  truly  said,  that  the  past  year  has  been  one  of  more  than  ordi- 
naiy  good  health,  even  in  this  State — so  remarkable  for  its  salu- 
brity. Prosperity  has  crowned  enterprize  and  industry,  in  what- 
ever honorable  channel  exerted,  until  the  admission  is  compelled 
from  all,  both  at  home  and  abroad,  who  are  acquainted  with  its 
Teeonrces,  that  no  State  presents  greater  inducements  to  the  vari. 
ons  industrial  classes  than  our  own.  It  has  been  ascertained  that 
the  amountof  our  exports,  during  the  past  year  (including  Lumber 
and  Mineral)  has  exceeded  the  sum  of  thirteen  millions  of  dollars. 

While  a  great  Commercial  revulsion  seems  to  be  visiting  many 
aebtiona  of  the  Union,  crippling  their  resources  and  impairing 


their  prosperity,  no  State  shares  less  in  its  effects,  or  is  better  pre- 
pared for  its  consequences.  We  have  bat  to  pursue  that  onward, 
though  cautions  policy,  which  has  chafacterized  our  course  thus 
far,  in  order  to  ensure  the  occupancy  of  that  desirable  position 
among  the  confederated  States,  which  an  energetic  and  intelligent 
population — favored  by  our  advantages  of  soil  and  climate,  joined 
to  a  fortunate  commercial  position — are  so  well  calculated  to  com- 
mand. Let  us  faithfully  endeavor  to  perpetuate  our  prosperity 
and  happiness — ^relying  with  conlSdence  upon  the  Supreme  Euler 
for  strength  and  wisdom. 

While  the  wants  and  varied  interests  of  a  young  and  growing 
State  like  ours,  necessarily  call  for  much  legislation,  there  is  not 
at  this  time  apparent  an,  amount  of  legislative  labor  necessary  to 
be  performed,  sufficient  to  justify  a  protracted  session.  Excessive 
legislation  is  too  frequently  indulged  ia— resulting  in  onerous 
taxes  and  the  enactment  of  conflicting  and  unwholesome  laws. — 
Still,  while  I  believe  it  to  be  my  duty  to  urge  upoif  you  the  pro- 
priety of  a  brief  session,  and  a  rigid  observance  of  economy  in 
the  expenditure  of  the  public  monies;  I  am  far  from  meaning  to 
be  understood,  as  wishing  to  curtail  either,  to  the  prejudice  of 
any  interest  which  it  may  be  your  duty  to  provide  for  or  protect. 

Among  the  important  matters  to  which  I  wish  particularly  to 
invite  your  attention,  and  on  which,  in  order  to  secure  a  proper 
and  timely  result,  it  will  become  your  duty  to  act  at  an  early  day, 
is  that  of  a  careful  examination  of  the  Official  Beports,  and  the 
real  condition  of  the  several  departments  of  the  State  Govern* 
ment.  These  reports  will  immediately  be  laid  before  you,  and 
they  will  be  found  to  be  fall  and  explicit  Your  constituents  have 
a  right  to  claim  at  your  hands,  such  information  as  you  may  be 
able  to  obtain ;  and  it  is  your  duty  to  investigate  closely  into  the 
doings  of  those  intrusted  with  their  interests.  The  conduct  of 
all  public  servants,  under  our  form  of  Government  and  Laws,  i»^ 
and  should  be,  subject  to  inspection ;  and,  upon  a  thorough  and 
careful  examination,  it  is  but  simple  justice  to  all  parties  concern- 
ed that  the  people  should  know  and  nnderstand  the  result.    TUm 


dntj  of  the  Legislature,  thongh  frequently  demanded  of  them  by 
the  officers  themselvee,  has,  I  regret  to  say,  been  too  long  neglect* 
ed  and  shamefully  avoided. 

The  Eeports  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  State  Treasurer,  will 
exhibit  to  you  in  detail,  a  full  statement  of  the  receipts  and  dis-- 
bursements  of  the  Treasury  Department,  during  the  fiscal  year, 
closing  on  the  81st  day  of  December — ^from  which  I  am  enabled  to 
lay  before  you,  such  information  concerning  the  same,  as  I  deem 
important  for  v  the  purposes  of  this  communication.  It  appears 
that  the  entire  amount  paid  into  the  Treasury,  during  the  year 
1854,  on  account  of  the  yarious  funds,  was,  $401,738,43 

Yiz:  Account  of  General  Fund,  $191,299,46 

do        Principal  of  School  Fund,     85,583,27 
do  do        University  do        9,945,69 

do        Income  of  School        do    106,235,03 
do       '     do  University  do        8,775,07 

Add  balance  in  the  Treasury  January  Ist,  1854,  on 

account  of  all  Funds,  $57,486,48 

Total  $459,274,90 

Daring  the  same  period  the  disbursements  appear  to  have  beea 
as  follows,  viz: 
Account  of  Gteneral  Fund,  $222,154,12 

do  Principal  of  School  Fund  including  loans,  84,996,06 

do               do            University  do    .      do        do  21,898,93 

do  Income  of  School          do  97,188,88 

do               do          University    do  10,640,44 

do  Fox  &  Wis.  Improvement  Fund,  129,00 

$437,007,43 
Showing  a  balance  in  the  Treasnry,  on  the  first  day 
o£  Janary^  1855,  on  account  of  the  various  funds  of       $22,267,47 

The  Secretary  of  State,  in  his  report,  estimates  the 
amount  probably  necessary  to  be  drawn  from  the  Treas- 
ury, on  account  of  the  General  Fund,  during  the  pres- 
eat  year,  to  meet  present  and  accruing  liabilities,  at    $258,059,69 


6 

In  this  estimate,  it  is  proper  to  state,  that  the  stim  of  $141,638,73 
is  included,  as  necessary  to  meet  arrearages,  arising  from  the  erec- 
tion of  Penitentiary  buildings  and  support  of  convicts  during  the 
past  and  present  year,  also  the  sum  necessary  to  be  applied 
toward  the  erection  of  a  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  the  completion  of  a 
portion  of  the  buildin^js  designed,  and  the  support  of,  the  Institu- 
tions established,  for  the  education  of  the  Blind,  and  Deaf  and 
Dumb. 

To  meet  the  foregoing  liabilities,  the  resources  are  stated  as  fol* 
lows,  viz: 

State  Tax  as  levied  and  equalized  under  the  act  of  1854,  $225,000,00 
Bank  Tax,  (estimated)  30,000,00 

Eail  and  Plank  Eoad  Tax,  (      do      )  9,0  0,00 

Miscellaneous  Resourcos,^(      do      )  24,829,91 


Total,  $288,829,91 

Among  the  matters  of  interest  presented  by  this  Eeport,  is  a 
brief  review  of  the  public  expenditures,  since  the  admission  of 
Wisconsin  into  the  Union — showing  the  yearly  appropriations 
therefor,  from  1848  to  1854,  inclusive — ^amounting  in  the  aggre- 
gate, to  the  sum  of  $830,244,30;  of  which  $94,071,31  was  in  the 
years  of  1848-9;  $71,675,38  in  1850;  $112,420,80  in  1851;  $123,474,- 
06  in  1852;  $163,910,58  in  1853,  and  $264,692,07  in  1854.  Of 
the  last  named  sum,  appearing  under  the  head  of  expenses  for  1854, 
$63,696.03  was  for  the  expenses  of  other  years;  so  that  the  actual 
expenses,  for  the  objects  of  1854,  were  $209,996,04,  inclusive  of 
Buch  as  are  provided  for  by  permanent  provisions — ^thus  only 
exhibiting  that  annual  increase  in  public  expenses,  consequent 
upon  the  organization  and  progress  of  a  new  state,  and  growing  in 
a  great  measure  out  of  the  necessary  expenditures  in  providing 
Penitentiary  and  other  public  buildings,  and  the  establishment  of 
charitable  institutions.  While,  from  the  foregoing,  it  would  ap- 
pear that  the  expenses  for  the  year  1854,  were  between  thirty  and 
forty  thousand  dollars  more  than  for  any  previous  year,  yet  the 
aggregate,  for  general  purposes,  for  that  year,  was  evidently  some 


i 


forty  thousand  dollars  less  than  for  185S.  This  is  accounted  for 
bj  the  fact  that  upwards  of  $80,000  more  than  in  any  previous 
year  for  such  purposes,  was  appropriated  for  the  erection  of  a  State 
Prison,  Lunatic,  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  Blind  Asylums — including 
the  moderate  appropriations  made  for  the  benefit  of  the  State  Ag- 
sricultaral  and  Historical  Societies;  all  of  which  did  then,  as  tiiey 
do  now,  appear  to  be  just  and  worthy  objects  of  Legislative  favor; 
and  some  of  which,  at  least,  must  continue  to  be  objects  of  that 
^aracter  and  destined  to  create  no  smll  proportion  of  the  public 
•expenses,  unless  other  provisions  than  at  present  exist,  are  made 
for  their  defrayal. 

With  the  suggestions  of  the  Secretary,  in  relation  to  existing 
laws,  on  the  subjects  of  die  registration  of  marriages,  births  and 
•deaths — ^foreign  insurance  agencies — ^die  judiciary  fund — ^the  fix- 
ing of  a  penalty  in  the  event  of  a  failure  of  Town  Assessors  to 
make  return,  and  the  publication  of  the  election  laws,  I  most  fiiUy 
<H>ncur.  His  exibit,  however,  of  the  expense  heretofore  incurred 
by  the  Legislature,  for  newspapers  and  postage,  is  worthy  of  more 
than  a  passing  notice  at  this  time ;  and  can  but  impress  you  with 
the  importance  of  a  reform,  in  respect  to  these  matters.  It  ap- 
pears that  the  expense  for  those  two  items  alone,  has  for  several 
years,  averaged  nearly  ten  thousand  dollars  aimuaily — a  very 
large  proportion  of  which,  I  have  ever  regarded  as  unnecessary 
^^nd  unwarmntable  in  its  character,  and  should  be  reduced  and 
vconfined  to  such  sum,  as  the  legitimate  objects  of  legislation  may 
properly  demand. 

The  report  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  School  and  XTni- 
versityLandSy  has  been  elaborately  prepared,  and  comprises  much 
of  interest,  connected  with  the  responsible  trust  committed  to  their 
charge.  ' 

It  appears  that  the  aggregate  principal  of  the  School  fund, 
amounted  on  the  first  day  of  January,  to  the  sum  of  $1,670,258  7T 
— being  an  increase,  during  the  past  year,  of  $528,454  49 ; 
flerived  chiefly  from  the  sale  of  lands.  The  gross  amount  of  in- 
terest, received  since  the  last  apportionment  made  to  common 


sohools,  including  the  sum  payable  prior  to  the^  tenth  day  of  March 
next,  (that  being  the  time  fixed  by  law  for  the  annual  distribution) 
is  $142,434  29 ;  which,  according  to  the  estimate  of  the  State  Su- 
perintendant  of  Schools,  is  equal  to  93  cents  for  each  scholar — an 
increase  of  21  cents  over  the  previous  year. 

The  claim  of  the  State  to  the  quantity  unselected  of  the  500,000 
acre  grant,  amounting  to  about  125,000  aci^ee,  belonging  to  the 
School  fund,  and  heretofore  denied  by  the  General  Qovettiment^ 
upon  the  ground  that  there  was  an  arrearage  due  the  Govemmeftt  | 

from  the  State,  arising  from  the  connection  of  the  Territory  with  , 

the  Rock  River  Canal,  has,  during  the  past  year,  been  amicably  i 

adjusted,  upon  terms  entirely  favorable  to  the  State ;  andihe  lands 
thereby  accruing,  have  been  chiefly  selected.  It  seems  highly 
probable  that  a  like  favorable  adjustment  will  be  had,  of  our  claims 
to  the  five  per  centum  of  the  nett  proceeds,  arising  from  the  sales 
of  Government  lands,  to  which  the  State  is  entitled — amounting 
at  this  time,  it  is  supposed,  to  about  $60,000 ;  and  wit&held  by  the 
Government,  for  the  same  cause  ;  as  will  more  fully  appekr  froioa 
Statement  of  the  facts  of  the  case,  and  the  argument  of  th^  mattef, 
which  will  be  laid  before  you.  Oonsiderable  additions  have  been 
made  to  this  ftind,  during  the  past  year,  arising  from  fines  collect- 
ed by  agents  appointed  for  that  purpose,  udder  all  act  authorising 
the  same — a  large  proportion  of  which,  it  is  believed,  never  would 
have  reached  the  Treasury,  except  through  the  operation  of  some 
similar  enactment.  A  defect  in  the  law,  however,  il  is  said,  has 
in  some  instances,  been  made  an  excuse  for  not  paying ;  to  the 
correction  of  which^  your  attention  is  invited.  The  rapid  increase 
of  this  fund,  exceeding  so  greatly  the  early  anticipations  formed 
in  regard  to  it,  affords  cheering  evidence  of  its  ultimate  sufficietey, 
for  the  purpose  intended.  To  know  that  the  means  of  obtaining 
a  common  school  education,  are  within  the  reach  of  all,  is  a  source 
of  just  pride  and  congratulation,  and  should  prompt  us  to  protect 
them  by  the  erection  of  such  safeguards,  as  the  interests  and  well 
being  of  posterity  demand.  Under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of 
1854,  requiring  the  commissioners  and  Governor  to  revise  the 


'9 

XQode  of  keeping  the  School  and  Universitj  acconnts  and  recordsr 
important  improvements  have  been  made,  and  the  work  contem* 
plated  by  said  act,  is  rapidly  progressing.  In  order,  however,  to 
ensure  the  continuance  of  this^  a  more  permanent  provision  for 
the  expenses,  than  at  present  exists,  should  be  made  therefor,  at 
the  present  session ;  and  I  can  conceive  of  no  just  cause  why  such 
expenses  should  not  be  paid  &om  the  fund,  for  which  they  are  in- 
curred. 

Ab  the  law  now  is,  in  cases  %vbere  the  interest  due  upon  School 
and  University  Lands  purchased  has  not  been  promptly  paid  on 
the  day  it  became  due,  there  have  been  a  number  of  instances 
where  the  lands  thus  forfeited  have  been  entered  by  others ;  and 
upon  their  making  the  payments  required,  the  original  purchasers 
have  been  deprived  of  all  of  their  rights  in  the  property.  This, 
in  many  instances,  is  calculated  to  work  extreme  hardship  to 
those  who,  through  ignorance  or  accident,  fail  to  pay  the  interest 
due  upon  the  day  fixed ;  and  some  provision  should  be  made, 
either  ibr  extending  the  time  after  advertisement,  or  giving  the 
parties  concerned  such  reasonable  equity  of  redemption  as  will 
enable  them  to  retain  their  lands,  if  they  wish  so  to  do.  In  this 
connection,  and  with  a' view  of  subserveing^the  best  interests  of  the 
State,  without  prejudice  to  the  fund,  I  submit  to  you  the  propriety 
of  providing  a  reasonable  limit  to  the  quantity  of  School  and 
TJniversity  land  which  any  one  individual  may  hereafter  pur- 
chase ;  and,  as  far  as  practicable,  insure  the  occupation  of  the 
same  to  actual  settlers.  This  I  deem  to  be  the  best  policy  to  be 
pursued  on  the  part  of  the  State,  and  by  the  encouragement  thus 
rendered  to  a  class  of  citizens  whose  principal  resources  consist 
in  their  energy  and  industry,  the  fund  may  be  advantaged  to  as 
great  a  degree  as  under  the  present  system;  and  the  State  at 
large  will  be  benefitted  to  an  extent,  which  the  'practice  of  mo- 
nopolizing large  tracts,  by  a  few  individuals,  has  a  tendency  to 
prevent.  The  only  class  whose  interests  such  action  will  have  a 
detrimental  effect  upon,  is  one  composed  of  speculators  merely, 
and  who  are  not  the  tillers  of  the  soil.  An  instance^of  such 
2 


10 

attempted  monopol/  occnrred  during  the  year  1853,  when  a  few- 
parties  combined,  and  bought  in  connection,  npwrards  of  130,000 
acres ;  and  also  during  the  last  year,  a  single  individual  purchaser 
appears  upon  the  books  of  the  department  as  the  proprietor  of 
nearly  60,000  acres ;  and  in  sundry  other  instances,  similar  ope- 
rations, on  a  smaller  scale,  have  occurred.  If,  without  detracting 
from  the  proper  fund,  and  the  income  arisiag  therefrom,  this 
growing  evil  can  be  prevented,  I  deem  it  to  be  your  duty  to  pro- 
vide the  same  by  such  enactments  as  are  best  calculated  to  ensure 
the  desired  result. 

I  recommend  to  your  especial  notice,  the  very  full  and  clear 
report  of  the  State  Superintendant,  as  exhibiting  ample  evidence 
that  our  common  school'system  was  well  devised,  and  is  now  thor- 
oughly organized  ;  having,  by  its  practical  operations,  demonstra- 
ted that  the  hopes  early  formed  in  regard  to  it,  were  not  extrava- 
gant. The  cause  of  education  in  this  State,  has  manifested  a  de- 
gree of  prosperity  that  furnishes  us  with  good  reason  for  rejoicing; 
and  the  degree  of  interest,  not  only  exhibited,  but  felt  by  all  in 
its  advancement  and  permanent  establishment,  affords  strong  tes- 
timony of  its  continuance  and  value.  The  various  institutions  of 
learning,  established  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and  not  assisted 
from  any  fund  over  which  it  has  the  charge,  are  all  as  flourishing 
and  prosperous  as  we  could,  at  this  early  day,  have  any  reason  to 
Lope  they  might  be.  Wo  have  cause  to  be  proud  of  the  fact 
that  so  many  of  them,  conducted  as  they  are  by  able  and  learned 
men,  have  already  been  reared  in  our  cities  and  villages,  and 
are  spreading  widely  their  beneficial  influence.  The  second  dor- 
mitory building  of  the  State  ITniversity  is  now  nearly  completed, 
and  will  be  ready  for  the  reception  of  students  by  the  first  day  of 
June.  It  affords  me  pleasure  to  state  that  this  valuable  institil- 
tion  continues  to  increase  its  influence  and  usefulness,  and  is 
Bteadily  progressing  in  all  of  its  departments.  The  report  of  the 
TJoard  of  Regents,  which  has  not  yet  been  received,  but  which 
will  in  a  short  time  be  laid  before  you,  will  exhibit  particularly 
ail  matters  of  interest  connected  with  the  University,  and  will 


11 

■doubtless  merit  your  attention.  The  gross  amount  of  the  TJnirer- 
sitj  fund,  on  the  first  day  of  January,  amounted  to  $161,146  61. 
The  amount  of  income  applicable  to  the  support  of  this  institution 
for  the  present  year,  including  the  accruing  interest  for  1855,  is 
^12,405  45. 

The  report  of  the  Bank  Comptroller  enables  me  to  lay  before 
you  reliable  information,  concerning  the  operations  of  the  various 
l)ank8,  under  the  General  Banking  law  of  the  State.  It  appears 
that  the  whole  number  of  Banks  established,  and  transacting  busi- 
'ness,  under  the  law  is  twenty-four^  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$1,450,000  00.  The  amount  of  securities,  consisting  entirely  of 
£tate  Stocks,  deposited  with  the  Comptroller,  is  $1,033,000  00 ; 
upon  which  the  issue  of  circulating  notes,  amounted  on  the  first 
day  of  the  present  year,  to  $937,692  00 — ^yielding  a  revenue  to  the 
£tate,  by  tax,  for  the  year  1854,  of  $18,165  63. 

It  is  a  gratifying  fact,  and  one  upon  which  we  may  congratulate 
-ourselves,  that  thus  far  the  practical  working  of  our  banking  sys- 
tem, gives  evidence  of  its  superiority  over  many,  if  not  over  all, 
those  adopted  by  other  States.  Notwithstanding  the  numerous 
failures  of  banking  institutions  in  other  States,  and  the  money 
panic,  which  of  late  has  so  generally  prevailed,  but  one  of  the 
institutions,  organized  under  the  general  law  of  this  State,  is  re- 
ported to  have  failed,  to  redeem  promptly  its  notes.  As  an  evi- 
dence of  great  determination,  on  the  part  of  bankers,  to  merit 
-confidence,  in  nearly  every  instance,  upon  the  request  of  the 
OomptroUer,  additional  securities  have  been  deposited,  to  an 
amount  corresponding  with  the  recent  decline  in  the  market  value 
of  stocks ;  or  by  the  return  to  the  Comptroller,  of  an  amount  of 
circulating  notes,  equal  to  such  depreciation.  The  promptness 
evinced  by  the  banks,  in  thus  responding,  and  the  sound  discretion 
exercised  in  the  management  of  a  department  so  important,  to  the 
credit  and  business  interests  of  the  State,  cannot  but  command 
yonr  approbation. 

Our  banking  law,  although  generally  regarded  as  being  as  well 
adapted  to  secure  the  interests  of  the  bill  holder,  as  any  which 


12 

could  well  be  framed,  yet  it  is  not  void  of  defects,  which  are  pointed 
ont  in  the  report  of  the  Comptroller,  and  will,  I  trust,  recieve 
your  attentire  consideration,  and  in  that  connection  it  may  be  well 
to  consider  whether  there  is  not  a  class  of  secarities  within  our 
own  State,  of  the  nature  of  bonds  issued  by  some  of  the  principal 
cities,  that  may  under  proper  restrictions  be  received  as  the  basis 
of  banking. 

The  present  unsettled  condition  of  monetary  affairs,  which  i» 
pervading  the  country  so  generally,  and  more  recently  brought 
nearer  home  to  us,  with  increased^deleterious  effects,  in  conse- 
quence of  numerous  Bank  failures  in  neighboring  Statesj'inducea 
me  to  invite  you  to  the  examination  of  the  subject,  and  urge  upon 
you  the  necessity  of  such  enactments  as  will,  as  far  as  practicable, 
provide  a  remedy,  and  protect  the  people  against  the  imposition 
and  fraud,  so  frequently  practiced  by  the  introduction  and  circu- 
lation of  doubtful  currency,  brought  to  our  State  and  forced  into 
very  general  use — not  unfrequently^through  the  aid  of  our  local 
bankers,  who  neither  hold  themselves  responsible  for  its  redemp- 
^tion,  nor  make  it  a  source  of  revenue  to  the  State,  by  the  payment 
of  a  tax  upon  the  capital,  if  any  there  is,  thus  employed.  The 
effects  of  this  practice  upon  the  legitimate  business  of  bankings 
under  the  law  of  this  State,  is  to  discourage,  and  frequently  crip- 
ple those  institutions  which  were  established  in  good  faith  under 
it.  For  while  the  banker,  under  our  law,  is  required  to  amply 
secure  every  dollar  issued — redeem  those  issues,  on  demand,  in 
coin,  and  pay  a  State  tax  upon  his  whole  capital,  he  is  frequently 
compelled,  in  self  defence,  to  place  foreign  insecure  issues,  to  a 
certain  extent,  upon  an  equality  with  his  own — thereby  giving 
countenance  and  credit  to  a  currency,  having  its  origin  in  parts  too 
for  removed  to  insure  safety,  and  liable,  sooner  or  later,  to  become 
worthless  to  the  holder. 

Yiewing  this  matter  in  the  light  I  do,  I  can  arrive  at  no  other 
conclusion,  than  that  justice^to  the  State,  as  well  as  the  banking 
institutions  established  under  its  laws,  and  the  safety  of  the  bill 
holder,    demand  of  you,  either  to  provide  for   prohibiting  the 


18 

ci'rcnlation  of  all  foreign  bank  notes,  not  secured  in  a  manner  equal 
to  our  own;  or,  at  least,  require  as  far  as  practicable,  sncli  bankers 
as  may  issue  foreign  notes,  to  treat  them  in  all  respects  as  their 
own  currency,  issued  in  conformity  to  our  banking  law,  and  ren- 
der it,  subject  to  the  same  requirements,  in  every  important  par- 
ticular. 

A  report,  in  detail,  of  the  condition  and  wants  of  the  State  Pris- 
on, is  submitted  by  the   Commissioner  thereof,  to  which  I  invite 
your  early  and   careful  attention.    Daring  the  year  1853,  Henry 
Brown,  then  Commissioner,  contracted  with  Andrew  Proudfit,  to 
orect  tne  stone  work  of  the  south  wing  of  the  permanent  Prison 
building.    Subsequently,  the  present  Commissioner  made  other 
contracts,  for  the  remaining  portions  of  the  work,  and  material  nec- 
essary for  the  completion  of  the  same.    The  whole  structure  is  now 
very  nearly  finished,  and  it  is  intended  to  place  the  convicts  with- 
in it,  during  the  present  month.    This  building  is  of  the  most  per- 
manent and  substantial  character,  being  fire  proof,  200  by  60  feet, 
four  stories  high,  and  containing  two  hundred  and  eighty-eight 
cells,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped,  will  be  suflScient  for  the  purposes  in- 
tended, for  many  years  to  come.    As  a  matter  of  just  convenience 
to  the  officers  in  charge,  and  for  the  purpose  of  ensuring  against 
escapes,  the  main  building  oi^ht  to  be  erected,  as  soon  as  the 
means  for  that  purpose,  without  embarrassing  the  Treasury,  can  be 
appropriated.    While  convict  labor  has  contributed  much  toward 
the  erection  of  the  building,  still  there  is  yet,  over  and  above  all 
former  appropriations,  made  for  that  object,  a,  large  sum  due  to 
contractors — ^beside  considerable  balances,  for  the  maintenance  and 
management  of  the  prison,  which  it  will  be  your  duty  to  examine 
into,  and  provide  for.    Provision  was  made,  at  the  last  session  of 
the  Legislature,  for  rewarding  convicts  for  overwork.    While  this 
principle  may  be  just  and  worthy  in  its  tendencies,  I  regard  the 
piftetiee  of  paying  to  the  convicts  themselves,  any  portion  of  such 
earnings,  until  after  their  discharge,  as  liable  to  work  great  evils, 
by  being  improperly  used,  as  they  not  unfrequently  are,  and  in  a 
manner  affecting  tiie  prison  diflcipline,  and  the  security  of  prison* 


14 

era.  If  snch  earnings  can  be  confined  to  the^sapport  of  the  fami- 
lies of  the  convicts,  where  they  may  hare  them,  during  their  im- 
prisonment, and  in  cases  where  they  have  no  families,  the  money 
be  retained  until  the  discharge  of  the  convict,  the  main  objections 
to  the  practice  of  rewarding  them  for  their  labor  is,  in  my  mind, 
overcome.  The  question  whether  convict  labor  can  be  profitably 
employed,  without  working  a  serious  injury  to  such  of  our  citizens 
as  are  engaged  in  the  mechanical  or  manufacturing  pursuits,  has. 
often  been  seriously  discussed,  and  it  is  still  doubtful  what  may 
be  the  duty  of  the  State  in  the  premises.  Now  that  comparative- 
ly little  labor  will,  for  some  years  to  come,  be  required  of  the  con- 
victs, in  the  erection  of  prison  buildings,  and  entertaining  grave 
doubts,  both  as  to  the  policy  and  propriety  of  the  states  engaging 
in  manufacturing  articles  for  sale,  by  convict  labor,  Isubmit  to 
your  consideration,  the  propriety  of  authorizing  the  letting,  to  the 
highest  bidder,  for  a  term  of  years,  such  of  said  labor,  to  be  used 
within  the  prison  enclosure,  as  cannot  be  profitably  employed  by 
the  State,  in  the  erection  of  buildings, — requiring  the  contractor, 
to  furnish  his  own  tools  and  shops  for  such  labor;  Thus  throwing 
the  whole  matter  open  to  competition,  and  relieving  the  State  of 
great  responsibility  and  perplexity  connected  with  the  same. 

In  my  first  message  to  the  Legislature,  I  urged  upon  their  at- 
tention, the  propriety  of  adopting  the  preliminary  measures  to  se- 
cure the  erection  of  an  Institution  for  the  benefit  of  the  insane. — 
An  act  was  passed  at  that  session,  authorising  the  Govomor  to  ap- 
point three  commissioners  and  a  Superintendant,  who  were  cloth- 
ed  by  law  with  power  to  purchase  suitable  grounds  and  to  erect 
the  necessary  buildings.  In  April  last  the  appointments  contem-^ 
plated  by  that  act  were  made,  since  which  time,  appropriate 
grounds  for  that  purpose  near  the  village  of  Madison  have  been* 
purchased  and  conveyed  to  the  State,  and  contracts  entered  into 
for  the  erection  of  buildings,  upon  the  most  modem  and  approved 
plans.  The  main  building  and  two  wings  are,  by  the  terms  of  the 
contract,  to  be  in  readiness  for  the  reception  of  patients,  by  tho;. 
first  day  of  January,  1856.    The  appropriation  for  this  object  be- 


iog  small  compared  with  the  magnitude  of  the  work,  was  eyident- 
ly  intended  simply  to  secure^.the  commencement  of  the  underta- 
king. As  to  the  propriety  of  prosecuting  with  energy,  such  an 
undertaking  so  praiseworthy  and  just  in  its  character,  I  need  not 
here  urge  upon  you,' further  than  to  say,  that  more  aid  is  indis- 
pensable, and  will,  I  trust,  be  found  at  your  hands.  For  infor- 
mation in  detail,^conceming  the  transactions  of  the  Commission 
ers  and  Superintendant,  and  the  condition  and  wants  of  the  Insti- 
tution, I  refer  you*to  the  reports  cf  the  officers  in  charge. 

The  prosperous  condition*[of  the  Institutions  established  for  the 
education  of  the  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb,  as  is  more  fully 
shown  by  the  reports  of  the  respective  boards>of  Trustees,  is  well 
worthy  of  notice.  Indications  of  correct  and  judicious  manage- 
ment by  those  in  charge  of  them  are  apparent.  The  provision 
heretofore  made  by  the  Legislature  for  the  establishment  of  these 
charatable  institutions,  must  be  regarded  as  having  been  bestowed 
upon  objects  worthy  and  humane  in  their  character,  and  as  meet- 
ing only  the  demands  of  simple  justice  to  i}^Q  unfortunate  of  those 
classes.  And  while  J  hold  it  to  be  our  duty,  to  make  ample  pro- 
vision for  those  objects,  and  in  no  event  to  fail  to  provide  annually 
for  tiieir  free  support,  I  cannot  in  view  of  the  liberal  provision 
before  made  for  them,  and  the  insufficient  provision  made  foj* 
other  institutions  [similar  in*  their  character,  consistently  urge  at 
this  time  your'making  appropriations  for  the  purpose  of  material- 
ly enlarging  their  buildings  during  the  present  year,  to  any  more 
than  the  compUtion^  of  suchj:>ortions,  as  are  already  commenced. 
In  support  of  this,  I  refer  to  the  reports  which  exhibit  the  number 
of  pupils  in  each,  as  being  much  less  than  equal  to  the  accommo- 
dations provided,  and  from'the  best  information  I  am  enabled  ta 
obtain,  will  be  found  an^ple  for,  the  present  year*  The  propriety 
of  providing^by  law^  however,  at  th«  present  session  for  the  ulti* 
mate  extensioa  and  eompletion^of  the  buildings,  according  to  the 
plans  adopted,  in  my  judgment,  is  unquestionable ;  and  to  (hat 
end,  such  proyision  at  the  presentTsession  as  will  accomplish  that 
object,^  within  the,  necessary j^space^of^tinae,  I  am  cheerfully  ^dis^ 


16 

posed  to  favor.  Means  for  the  erection  of  shops,  necessary  for  the 
nse  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  the  snpport  of  each  of  these  In- 
stitutions during  the  present  year,  are  clearly  objects  claiming 
immediate  provision,  to  the  extent  of  which  I  refer  to  the  respec- 
tive reports. 

The  Geological  survey  of  the  State  has'been  prosecuted  during 
the  past  year  with  great  energy,  and  most  encouraging  results. 
The  able  report  of  Professor  Percival,  our  State  Geologist,  will 
doubtless  elicit  attention,  both  at  home  and  abroad  ;  and  I  trust 
will  receive  at  your  {hands  an  early  examination ;  as  its  impor- 
tance will  justify  the  publication  of  a  larger  editioii  than  is  usual 
of  this  report,  so  immediately  ccHineoted  with  the  great  mining  in- 
terest of  the  State.  The  surveys  thus  £air  made  have  been  chiefly 
confined  to  the  lead  diatricts,  and  that  having  now  been  nearly 
completed,  it  is  intended,  during  the  coming  season,  to  direct  the 
examination  ot  the  country  north  of  the  Wisconsin  Biver,  to  our 
copper  mines,  bordering  on  Lake  Superior.  There  may,  in  my 
judgment,  be  prosecnt^  in  connection  with  the  Geolc^ical  sur- 
vey, a  2jOological  examination,  for  a  comparatively  trifling  ex- 
pense, resulting  in  such  discoveries  and  collections,  connected 
with  the  natural  history  of  the  State,  as  in  future  will  be  viewed 
as  valuable  and  interesting,  and  to  [secure  the  full  benefit  of 
which,  early  action  is  necessary. 

The  military  spirit  exhibited  by  a  portion  of  our  fellow-citizens 
is  both  commendable  and  worthy  of  further  encouragement  than 
is  now  provided  by  law.  In  order  to  render  the  Militia  of  prac- 
tical utility,  the  proper  steps  should  be  taken  by  the  Legislature 
to  encourage  the  formation  of  uniformed  companies,  which  seems 
to  be  the  best,  if  not  the  [only  practicable  means,  at  present,  of 
bringing  into  use  the  quota  of  arms  which  our  State  is  entitled  to 
draw  annually  from  the  United  States  government.  Imperfect  as 
is  the  system  for  obtaining  an  enumeration  of  the  militia  of  the 
State,  yet  thepartial  reports  of  the  assessors  of  the  several  towns, 
ehow  an  increase  which  entitles  the  State,  for  the  present  year, 
to  receive  equal  to  about  4;00  stand  of  arms,  valued  at  nearly 


17 

$5,000  00.  It  is  recommended  by  numerous  military  officers  that 
a  laWj'Similap  in  its  character  to  the  one  now  existing  in  the  Btate 
of  New  York,  be  enacted.  An  examination  of  that  law  has  in- 
duced  me  to  recommend  it  to  yonr  consideration,  as  worthy  of 
imitation,  and  calculated  to  inspire  a  proper  military  spirit.  The 
report  of  the  Adjutant  General,  to  which  I  invite  your  attention, 
contains  explicit  information,  and  many  valuable  suggestions,  con- 
cerning the  present  condition  of  the  militia. 

The  Attorney  General,  although  not  required  by  law  to  sfafcmft 
an  annual  report,  has  seen  proper,  in  view  of  some  matters  ot 
importance"  to  the  State  connected  with  his  department,  and  of 
which  it  is  proper  for  the  Legislature  to  be  informed,  to  trahiriiit^ 
through  me,  a  brief  report,  which  I  recommend  you  to  consider 

Emigration  to  our  State  is  annually  on  the  increase,  furnishing 
further  evidence  of  the  adaptation  of  our  soil  and  cliniate  to  the 
habits  and  wants  of  the  emigrant,  and  of  the  high  estimate  abroad 
placed  upon  our  resources.  'The  Commissioner  of  Emigration,  ik 
his  annual  report,  calculates  the  number  of  emigrants  from  for- 
eign countries  who  have  found  their  homes  in  Wisconsin,  to' be 
much  greater  during  the  past  than  any  former  yiear.  Alar^e 
portion  of  thie,  lam  itidticed  to  betiere,  redtiited  from  the  cbnr 
tSmianee  ot  an  ageney  in  ifew  York,  and  throragh^the  rab^ageney^ 
established  at  Quebec,  under  it.  My  loraier  expressed  Yie#8,  in 
regard  tb  the  pt^priety  of  suoh  agencies^^  I  have  had,  as  yet,  no 
reason  tb  change. 

T'tie  SectHdtary  of  State  and  Governor  Weore,  by  an  act  of  Ae  laafc 
Legislattire,  constituted  commissioners)  to  procure  to  bepubliehad 
in  twO'VoInmes,  so  tinttch  of  tbe'Doenmentaiy  History,  as  at^alp 
time  had'  beeii  prepared  fb»  publication.  XTndeip  this  avithoriiiy,  a 
contract?  was  made  for  five  thousand  copies  of' each  volumoy  whieb 
are  now  nearly  ready  for  delivery.  Thi§  work  has  'been  proeect^ 
ted  under  flie  snpervisbn  of  the' author  Williatn  R.  6miA,  Esq.^ 
whose  rej^ort  of  his  doings  in  the  premises,  is  herewith  'sorbtiiitted. 
Tliis  valuable  and  interesting  publication,  being  the  'property  of 
the  Btate>  it  is  proper  that  provision  be  made  for  $d  barly  diatri- 


18 

l^ntjon  of  a  portion  thereof.  I  would  therefore  sugg^t  the  propria 
^ty  of  donating  one  copy  to  each  of  our  common  school  libraries, 
tO(  the  libraries  of  each  institution  of  learning  throughout  the  State, 
apd  also  to  each  of  the  several  State  Libraries  of  Unioji,  and  the 
various  departments  of  the  General  Grovemment — reserving  a  large 
number  of  copies  for  future  demand^  and  the  purpose  of  exchange 
j^r  other  valuable  works,  to  be  deposited  in  just  proportions,  in  the 
Libraries  of  the  State,  and  the  State  Hiatorical  Society.  The  an- 
nual reportrequired  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  State  His- 
tprical  Society,  is  herewith  transmitted  and  gives  evidence  of  strict 
^plity  on  their  part,  to  the  truQt  couMnitted  to  them.  Through 
the  perseverance  of  its  managers,  this  society  has  grown  into  an 
importance  which  reflects  much  credit  upon  them  and  meritinc^ 
in  my  judgment,  greiiter  encouragement  "at  ^your  hands  than  baa 
Jb^er^tofore  been  bestoyred  bjjthe  Legislature,  The  increasing  1^ 
l)prs  devolving  upon  the  corresponding  Secretary  to  perform,  have 
giieacbed  that  magnitude  that  I  r.egard  it  proper  in  view  of  the  in- 
terest the  State  should  9i£M:iifest,  in  the  projection  of  th^  objects  of 
tU^  iffociety,  that  a  reasonable  salary  should  be  provided,  and  paid 
by.  the/  State  tp  that  officer. 

It  affords  me  great  plea^utie  to  antioupoe  the.  f>ct,  tka%  the :  Voif 
imd!  Wisconsin  Improirement  Oompany/have  pressed  0)e  woark  uar 
^ectafcen  by  them,  with  a  degree  of  energy,  which  i^ust  pirove 
most  satiafabtorr  to  all  interested  in  its  eompletipn.  The  Qompany 
have  been  fortunate  in  the  selection  of  their  officers,  and  in  o^^taixyr 
ing  abondant  means  to  £;>rwatd  the  ev^erpri^e,  09  a  scajbe  of  far 
grobter  magnitude,  than  waaatfireteooiteiqplAted;  being  ^qtended 
te  pais  boats;  of  ia  draft  of  at  leeit  ion»,feet  m^*  a  half  of .  ^etw. 
.  The  etpendituiM  of  theOompanyi  e^  rep^f  tfsd  by  itdJPr/^d^t| 
Otto  Taak  Esq.,  bioee  the  transfer  by  ililie  ^^i  an$l  up.  1q  tiix^  ififii^ 
el  IteQemb«r.la%t,'are  as  |?Uow9>  w; 

.,   G^inudKapJ^alin  -  -      .  r  •  *      |4?>|630  9^ 

LitJiWObute.  ,       -  -..         -  '.      :     •  W*/iQ3.#7. 

.      Oe^Sapids  ......  -  ^    .    .Sip^saqt- 

M   *(ftr|hd.^ja«ite '      -       ,  -.  1..-        -   .]  :  ;.4l*8*»'«f^ 


18 

Venasha  •  -  *-  «  «         6,939  16 

DockSiWarehonaes,  boats  and  barges  »  ^  16,948  05 

$183,460  63 
The  sum  estimated  as  necessary  to  complete  the  work,  is  thei. 
eomparativelj  small  one  of  $32,388  81.    The  Company  have  paid 
of  the  Improvement  liabilities,  the  amonntof  $128,480  81 — there 
hj  giving  an  earnest  of  tbeir^design   to  remove  all  the  pending 
indebtedness,  within  the  time  required  by  the  act  of  Incorporation. 
13ie  difficulties  which  have  been  overcome,  in  the  progress  of  thin 
work,  wisre  exceedingly  formidable,  but  the  benefits  to  be  derived 
fiom  i%  when  finished,  by  a  large  portion  of  the  State,  are  on  a 
scale  of  far  greater  magnitude.    As  one  of  the  few  great  connect 
ing  lines  of  commnnication,  between  the  Lakes  and  the  Mississippt 
it  assumes  almost  a  National  importance;  and  running  as  it  doel « 
ikrongh  tbe  entire  breadth  of  our  State,  it  becomes  of  a  value  to 
those  along  its  line,  that  no  other  means  of  transportation  now 
used  oould  replace.    Bapid  settlements,  and  a  great  increase  #f 
wealth,  must  necessarily  follow  its  completion,  and  a  large  portion 
of  oor  State  now  but  thinly  inhabited,  or  a  wilderness,  will  receive 
an  impulse  which,  at  no  remote  period,  will  render  it  a  rival  iii  al 
of  the  elements  of  material  prosperity,  to  those  sections  already  of 
importance,  from  their  resources  and  population.    A  glance  at  the 
znap  will  show  the  favorable  Geographical  position  of  the  work, 
which,  together  with  the  internal  improvements  now  in  proorr^g 
in  Oanada,  confer  an  importance  upon  it  which  the  originators  \^ 
the  project,  in  all  probability,  never  foresaw.    Frr>in  tli  s  terrumni 
of  the  Improvement  at  Green  lii\y^  to  Toronto  on  !L'tke  O.itari^, 
via.  the  Bail  Soad,  te  initiaring  at  (t  jorgian  Ux  *,  an  I  whicli  is  h\i 
70  nules  in  length,  it  is  n  »  grciitUi*  distance,  tha  i  fnym  th  it  |ioiiit 
in  onr State,  t>  Detroit;  a*ul  l4M'en4  tlu  nnm!>o^*of  miicd,  nsinlly 
travelled  to  ivach  tlivj  Eastern  p»it<i,  by  sevcra'  linml  u1.^.    T.Hs 
jbikmirteriil'  lui  s:uall  co.t^eqaoncN  to  tho  Ni^rtlierti  aitJ  KorMi 
"Wfi^tdm  poii*tious  of  4>nr  State,  snid  (IcuioiistiUfes  the  fact,  tliftt  th^, 
wlie«i  e-tttblished,  must  be  the  line  over  w  bieh  u'  large  f><>»lrfl'tf(l,^ 
,«fihe  v^t  carrying  trade  of  those  sict'crs,  rni^l   uiUcl!' of'tho 


20 

tJountry  lying' west  of  the  Mississippi,  will  1)3  most  coTireniently 
Irnd  cheapl/  d(\ne.  The  pirtion  of  country,  contigaoiis  to  tbd 
Lake  sliore,  must  ala6  share  in  the  advantages  thus  conferred,  by 
the  opening  of  a  nearer  and  cheaper  avenue  of  commumcation 
witli  the  commercial  centers  at  the  East. 

The  State  at  large  is  not  without  a  deep  interest  in  the  comple- 
tion of  this  important  improvement  within  it.  The  number  of 
.  great  water  powers  which  it  will  create  along  its  extent,  the  man- 
ufacturing villlagea  which  it  will  cause  to  spring  up  in  consequence^ 
and  the  increase  of  taxable  property  and  commercial  activity,  are 
considerations  important  to  the  welfare  of  our  whole  people.  Wo 
can  now  plainly  discover,  unaided  by  speculative  statesmen,  the 
benefits  and  disadvantages  ot*  the  policy  of  granting  public  lands^ 
lA  the  states  where  they  may  lie,  to  be  appropriated  to  the  con- 
struction of  works  of  this  character;  and  our  experience  will  go 
far  towards  convincing  others,  that  the  benefits  have  largely  tho 
preponderance.  Undertakings,  of  a  magnitude  which  would  re- 
pel private  enterprize  unless  thus  aided,  are  encouraged  and  as- 
sisted to  completion,  and  where,  without  such  aid,  if  attempted^ 
they  would  languish  and  die,  the  whole  country,  including  the 
General  Government,  by  the  more  rapid  sales  of  itd  lands^are  ben- 
efitted to  an  extent  not  easily  calculated. 

Large  additions  to  the  State  Library,  through  means  provided 
by  the  last  Legislature,  have  been  made  during  the  past  year.  A 
detailed  report,  concerning  the  same,  will  be  laid  before  you  at  aa 
early  day.  The  expenditures  of  a  moderate  sum  only  will  be  re- 
quired annually,  in  the  purchase  of  late  publications,  to  render  it 
both  an  ornament  to  our  State^and  sufficient  for  the  objects  which 
induced  its  establishment. 

>  The  U.  S.  standard  weights  and  measures,  to  whidi  this  State 
was  entitled,  on  her  admittance  into  the  Union,  have  recently  been 
leceived  and  put  in  order  for  use,  in  a  suitable  tire  proof  building, 
erected  for  that  purpose,  upon  the  public  grounds,  in  pursuance  of 
plans  furnished  by  the  U.  S.  Government 

In  order  that  these  costly  standards  may  be  rendered  as  osefolf 


21 

ms  it  was  designed  hy  Congress  thej  shonid  be,  I  deem  it  impor- 
tant that  the  law  relating  to  procuring  coanty  standards,  should  be 
Boameacled  as  to  require  tlie  State  Treasarer,  who,  by  law  has  the 
charge  of  the  Government  standards,  to  procure  the  mannfactare 
from  suitable  material,  for  the  use  of  each  county,  of  complete  and 
uniform  standards,  to  be  by  him  sealed  and  delivered  to  the 
proper  county  officer — the  cost  of  which,  to  be  added  to  the 
amount  of  State  tax  that  each  county  shall  respectively  be  lia- 
l>le  to  pay,  for  the  year  the  same  shall  be  delivered.  This  I  regard 
as  the  best  means  of  insuring  the  proper  uniformity  in  county 
standards,  which  it  is  so  necessary  to  secure. 

In  my  former  message  to  the  Legislature,  I  urged  the  propriety 
of  making  provision  for  the  sale  of  the  swamp  and  overflowed 
lands,  granted  to  this  State  by  act  of  Congress,*  approved  Septem- 
iber  28,  1850.  The  Legislature  at  that  session  failing  in  the  at- 
tempt to  provide  for  such  sale,  I  now  renew  the  subject,  and  re- 
commend definite  action. 

There  are  numerous  considerations  which  should  weigh,  in 
urging  an  early  disposition  and  reclamation  of  these  lands.  To 
dispose  of  them,  would  tend  greatly  to  improve  the  health  of  local- 
ities contiguous  to  them — would  hasten  the  settlement  of  the 
country,  and  make  productive  taxable  property  of  much  of  that, 
which  in  many  instances,  is  at  present  useless,  and  no  law  for  their 
protection,  or  against  taking  the  timber  from  them,  it  is  believed, 
could  be  rendered  sufficiently  efficacious  to  prevent  their  being 
thus  despoiled,  of  what,  in  many  instances,  constitutes  their  chief 
Talue.  Besides,  even  ada>itting  the  possibility  of  enforcing  such  a 
law,  it  could  not  be  done  without  great  perplexity  and  expense  to 
the  State. 

Since  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Legislature,  I  have  endeaYOT>- 
ed  to  adopt  measures  for  the  purpose,  not  only  of  ascertaining  the 
facts,  relative  to  the  quantity  and  value  of  these  lands,  bnt  also  to 
secure  the  fee  simple  title  thereto  to  the  State. 

Peifedted  and  approved  lists  of  such  of  said  lands  as  remaia 
unsold,  within  the  surveyed  portion  of  t^e  State,  and  formerly 


subject  to  sale  at  the  several  IT.  S.  Land  offices,  have  been  pro- 
cared  from  the  Oommissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  and  are 
as  follows,  viz. : 
In  the  Milwaukee  Land  District  53,636  93-100  acres. 

"        Mineral  Point     "  13,616  40-100      " 

«        La  Crosse  «  217,295  18-100      " 

«        Willow  River      "  118,015  45-100      " 

«        Menasha  "  717,628  62-100      « 

«        Steven's  Point     "  521,670  52-100      " 

Making  a  total  of  one  million  six  hundred  fiiftj-one  thousand  sixty* 
two  10-100  acres. 

Official  statements  from  the  General  Land  Office,  of  the  Bftlea 
made  by  the  government  of  such  granted  lands,  since  the  passage 
of  the  act  appropriating  the  same,  and  for  which  the  State  ia 
clearly  entitled  to  receive  either  anoney  or  other  lands,  it  is  pro- 
mised, and  confidently  believed,  will  be  forth  coming ;  which,  it  is 
thought,  will  increase  the  total  quantity  within  the  surveyed  por- 
tion of  the  State,  to  nearly  two  millions  of  acres ;  so  that,  upon  a 
moderate  estimate,  for  that  portion  of  the  overflowed  lands,  in  the 
surveyed  districts,  (not  included  in  either  of  the  lists  referred  to,) 
and  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  yet  to  be  surveyed  in  the 
northern  portion  of  the  State,  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the 
total  quantity  which  will  ultimately  enure  to  the  State,  from  this 
grant,  will  equal  three  millions  of  acres.  For  the  lands  embraced 
ia  the  perfected  lists  referred  to,  such  assurances  have  been  re- 
ceived, from  the  Oommissioner,  as  to  render  it  morally  certain 
^that  patents  for  the  same  will  be  executed  to  the  State  at  an  early 
day. 

Many  of  these  lands  are  valuable,  and  should  there  be  a  judi- 
cious provision  made  for  their  sale,  a  large  sum  of  money  may  be 
speedily  realized  by  the  State,  after  complying  with  the  terms  of 
the  grant. 

Admitting  the  propriety  of  thus  disposing  ot  these  lands,  I  can 
see  no  constitutional  objection  to  appropriating  the  surplus  pro* 


it 

ceeds,  after  tbeir  applicfttlon  to  Aq  exiient  inquired  by  tbe  ad' 
panting  them,  to  such  purpoees  as  the  Legislature  maj  deeni 
3»roper )  and,  as  a  large  sum  has  yet  to  be  expended,  in  the  creo- 
tion  of  pablic  bnildings — snch  as  the  completion  of  th^  Peniten- 
tiary, the  construction  of  the  buildings  for  the  various  charitable 
institutions,  and,  at  no  distant  day,  of  a  new  Oapitol  edifice,  or 
the  enlargement  of  the  present — ^which,  even  now,  owing  to 
the  insufficiency  of  room  for  offices,  seems  to  be  demanded. 

From  the  examination  I  have  given  this  subject,  I  am  clear  in 
the  opinion  that,  from  the  sales  of  these  lands,  we  may  reimburae 
the  treasury  for  all  past  outlays,  on  account  of  public  buildings, 
of  every  character ;  and  further,  erect  all  such  buildings  as  the 
State  will  require  for  many  years  to  come.  The  constitutional, 
limit  for  State  indebtedness  being  small,  and  that  limit  having 
been  reached  during  the  years  1652  and  1858, 1  am  strongly  im- 
pressed with  the  belief,  that  in  the  sale  of  these  lands  is  presented 
the  only  means  at  present  within  our  command,  by  which  to  pro*- 
vide  for  the  objects  named  without  resorting  to  direct  taxation, 
the  burthens  of  which,  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  our  State, 
while  yet  in  its  infancy,  will  be  found  fully  equal  to  the  ability  to 
meet. 

I  therefore  recommend  that  in  the  event  of  provision  being 
made  for  the  sale  of  the  lands,  that  the  proceeds  accruing  to  the 
State  be  set  apart  for  the  aforesaid  objects. 

Section  three,  article  four,  of  the  constitution  requires  the 
Legislature  to  provide  by  law  for  an  enumeration  of  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  State  in  the  year  1855.  You  will  undoubtedly  com- 
ply with^this  provision,  of  that  instrument  at  the  present  session. 
In  addition  to  the  enumeration  required,  I  recommend  that  pro- 
Tision  be  made  for  collecting,  at  the  same  time,  as  full  and  c(Ha- 
plete  information  concerning  the  manufactures,  products,  and 
property  of  the  State  as  may  appear  practicable.  The  iniforma- 
tion  thus  derived  will  unquestionably  be  found  interesting,  valua- 
ble, and  creditable  to  our  State. 

It  affords  matter  for  congratulation,  that  the  different  Bailroad 


24 

e&terpHaee  of  our  State,  have^  to  a  certam  extent,  recovered  froia 
the  temporary  depression,  brought  about  by  well  known  causes* 
It  is  now  a  conceded  fact,  that  these  important  agents  in  the  rapid 
settlement  of  our  country,  and  in  the  developeraent  of  its  resour- 
ces, afford  in  this  State,  secure  means  for  the  profitable  investment  > 
of  capita);  and  such  is  now  our  condition,  that  it  is  no  longer  in- 
dispensable  for  us  to  rely  entirely  upon  furnished  from  older  aud 
more  wealthy  communities,  for  their  construction.    It  has,  until  a. 
comparatively  recent  date,  been  absolutely  necessary  to  induce 
the  aid  of  foreiga  capital,  in  order  to  take  the  first  steps  in  these 
enterprizes;  and  no  better  evidence  could  be  given,  of  the  rapid , 
and  healthy  growtliy  of  the  State,  than  that  of  our  greatly  increas- . 
ed  ability  to  forward  such  means  of  communication,  and  the  cer-- 
tainty  of  their  yielding  a  profitable  return,  for  the  investments 
which  may  be -made  in  them.    Aside  from  (he  generous  reward 
obtainied  by.  every  branch  of  indudtry  and  euAerprize,  aud  from, 
the  increase  produced  by  superabundant  harvests,  greatly  beyoud 
the  demand  for  home  consumption,  though  added  to  by  the  wants 
of  an  unparalleled  emigration — much  of  that  emigration  has,  of  it- 
self, been  of  a  character  calculated  to  augment   materially,   the 
available  capital  of  the  State.    Those  laws  of  trade,  which  gradu- 
ally and  steadily  regularte  the  supply  in  accordance  with  ..the  de- 
mand, have  insensibly,  but  with  certainty,  furnished  our  citizens 
with  a  great  proportion  of  such  means,  as  their  necessities  required^, 
and  their  situation  enabled  them  to  secure  and  render  profitable. 
Those  legitimate  works  of  internal  improvement,  the  construction 
of  which  the  onward  march  of  our  State  made  necessary,  have  felt 
the  effect  of  the  general  impulse.    Such  as  are  already  in  progress, 
are  being  urged  forward,  with  all  of  the  means  of  the  companies 
having  them  in  charge;  and  it  is  now  confidently  believed,  that 
their  completion,  within  a  reasonable  time,  is  placed  beyond  the 
poBsibilitj'  of  a  doubt.    It  should  be  the  care  of  th©  Legislature  to 
foster,  by  liberal  enactments,  these  important  interests,  and  protect 
them  by  all  such  laws,  as  are  calculated  to  secure  their  rapid  con- 
struction, and  the  permanency  of  all  those  investments,  which  mnj^ 


S5 

be  <levoted  to  their  advancement  or  continaance.  As  one  of  the 
means  necessary  to  effect  this  end,  I  would  strongly  recommend 
the  passage  of  such  laws^  as  would  tend  to  prevent  the  commission 
of  any  fraud)  by  the.  over  issue  of  stock  or  otherwise  by  the  officers 
of  incorporated  companies,  and  which  could  affect  the  interests  of 
those  entrusting  them  with  the  management  of  their  affairs,  or 
that  of  the  community  at  large.  The  occurrences  which  during 
the  past  few  months  have  been  brought  to  light,  in  several  of  the 
States,  demonstrate  the  existing  necessity  of  such  enactments;  and 
nntil  there  has  been  some  action  of  this  kind  taken,  the  construc- 
tion of  oar  Roads  must  necessarily  be  retarded,  by  considerations 
which  the  Legislature  can  do  much  toward  removing,  by  the  im- 
position of  severe  penalties  for  offences  of  the  character  referred 
to,  and  such  other  Qhecks,  as  they,  in  their  wisdom,  may  see  fit  to  f 
establish*  Such  aconrse  will  have  the  tendency  to  increase  great- 
ly,rthe  value  of  our  securities  abroad,  by  giving  capitalists  confi- 
dence in  their  permanent  value.  This  subject  I  consider  to  be  one 
of  the  highest  importance,  and  I  trust  your  earnest  atttention  may 
be  directed  to  the  establishment  of  some  law,  which  will  have  the  .  • 
effect  desired.  The  opinions  expressed  by  me,  in  my  former  mes- 
sage, relative  to  the  importance  of  a  speedy  completion  of  our  Rail- 
roads, and  the  means  which  seemed  to  me  proper  to  be  used  for 
tiheir  construction,  I  still  adhere  to,  and  would  reiterate,  did  not  a 
simple  reference  to  that  document  obviate  the  necessity  of  so  do- 
ing. In  this  connection,  I  deem  it  proper  to  recommend,  that  the 
liegislatnre  pass  such  a  law,  as  will  enable  Rail  and  Pltgak  Road 
Companies  to  secure  the  right  of  way  over  all  lands  owned  by  the 
State,  or  held  in  trust  for  any  fund. 

In  my  former  message,  I  took  occasion  to  urge  upon  the  Legis- 
lature the  propriety  of  memorializing  Congress  upon  tlie  subject 
of  the  Improvement  of  our  Rivers  and  Harbors  through  the  as- 
sistance of  the  Geueral  Government.  Since  that  time  Congress 
lias  acted  upon  the  matter  and  passed  an  act  making  more  liberal 
appropriations  than  had  previously  been  set  apart  for  these  objects, 
froai  this  bill,  the  President  saw  fit  to  withhold  his  sanction,  and 


it  IB  to  be  regretted  that  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to  take  stich  a 
course,  in  view  of  the  deep  concernment  we  have  in  the  making  of 
adequate  appropriations  by  Congress,  for  these  objects.  Suchhavie 
been  demanded  by  the  West  for  many  years  as  a  right  to  whibh 
they  were  entitled,  as  fully  as  that  portion  of  our  common  country 
situated  upon  or  near  the  sea  board ;  and  no  satisfactory  reason 
has  yet  been  adduced  why  we  should  not  hare  the  full  benefit  of  a 
system  which  has  proved  so  highly  advantageous  to  others.  Thus 
far,  we  can  with  propriety  say  that  all  the  benefits  reaped  through 
the  assistance  of  the  General  Government,  have  scarcely  been 
worth  the  labor  it  has  cost  to  obtain  them.  Considering,  as  t  do,  that 
the  right  so  long  claimed  by  us  is  one  to  which  we  are  entitled 
by  the  clearest  principles  of  justice  and  national  expediency,  I  feel 
it  to  be  proper  to  reiterate  all  of  the  opinions  I  have  formerly  ex- 
pressed upon  the  subject,  and  to  urge  upon  the  Legislature  the 
memorializing  of  Congress,  to  either  make  these  improvements  by 
appropriations  from  the  Federal  Treasury,  or  remove  the  obstacles 
in  the  way  of  our  making  them  ourselves. 

The  subject  of  the  Bevision  of  our  Laws,  is  one  of  coD8eq[uenee 
aufficient,  in  my  judgment,  to  authorize  the  Legislature,  at  the 
present  sesssion,  to  take  those  preliminary  steps,  necessary  to  the 
attainment  of  this  object.  So  great  is  the  mass  of  our  laws  noi^v^^ 
and  80  crude,  confiictiog,  and  uncertain  in  their  character^  that  it 
is  very  difficult  for  those  even^  whose  profession  gives  them  the 
best  opportunities  of  knowing  what  the  existing  laws  are^  to  dis-( 
tinguish  tlie  binding  enactment  from  the  repealed  or  altered  law^) 
and  this  evil,  in  connection  with  the  manner  of  publishing  our. 
Statutes,  leaves  the  people  of  our  State  nearly  as  much  in  t)ie 
dark,  as  to  the  action  of  their  Legislatures,  as  if  they  resided  in 
some  other.  The  certainty  of  a  law  is  one  of  the  chief  benefits 
to  bo  derived  from  it,  and  it  is  not  clear  but  that  it  would  be  better 
for  community  to  suffer  the  existence  of  bad  laws,  than  to  lire, 
under  a  system,  which  is  subjected  to  continual  alterations.  Our 
excessive  Legislation  has  a  tendency  to  produce  an  entirely  differ- 
ent redult  from  the  one  intended,  and  is,  perhaps,  as  much  calcu- 


27 

lated  to  create  evils,  a3  to  preveut  or  redress  them.    I  trust  that 
your  attention  will  be  devoted  to  thia  matter,  and  will  result  in  the 
•establishment  of  a  system  of  laws  which  can  be  understood,  and. 
a  reform  in  the  manner  of  their  publication. 

The  proposition  submitted  by  the  Legislature  to  the  people,  at 
the  last  general  election,  to  so  amend  the  Oonstitution  as  to  pro' 
Tide  for  biennial  sessions  of  the  Legislature,  was  negatived  by  a 
▼fury  decided  vote.  That  this  instrument  is,  in  some  particulars, 
iipperfect,  and  might,  by  alteration,  be  better  adapted  to  our  con* . 
<l|tion,  I  am  thoroughly  convmced;  but  the  policy  of  adopting  any 
ayoiendment  of  it,  until  a  thorough  revision  is  hadby  a  conventioUi 
i^ay  well  be  questioned.  Propositions  to  amend  either  the  consti- 
tution or  laws,  should  be  thoroughly  considered,  and  the  conse'' 
quences  attendant,  canvassed  with  great  cure  and  mature  delibera** 
tion. 

The  law  fixirg  the  time  for  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Legisla- 
ture on  the  second  Wednesday  of  January,  should,  in  my  judg- 
ment, be  so  amended  as  to  allow  the  various  officers  who  atd"^ 
required  to  report  annually  through  the  Governor  to  the  Legisla- 
ture, more  time  after  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  to  prepare  their 
reports.  The  fiscal  year,  as  is  wisely  provided,  closes  on  the  31st 
day  of  December.  For  those  departments  connected  with  th6 
financial  affairs  of  the  State,  an  insufficient  space  of  time  is  no# 
^owed  after  the  clodug  of  their  accounts,  on  the  last  day  of  tho 
year,  to  prepare  in  due  form  the  reports  required  of  tiiam  by  law^ 
In  order,  therefore,  to  provide  a  remedy  for  the  evil  stai^^y  &iid  to 
afford  the  Governor  a  reasonable  time  for  obtaining  such  informa- 
tion from  the  reports  as  is  proper  for  him  to  communicate  to  the 
Legislature  at  the  opening  of  the  session,  as  well  as  for  numerous 
other  reasons  which  might,  with  propriety,  be  urged,  I  recom- 
mend that  provision  be  made  for  the  annual  sessions  hereafter  to 
commence  as  late  as  the  third  or  fourth  Wednesday  in  January, 
instead  of  the  second,  as  is  now  provided. 

We,  in  common  with  our  sister  states,  have  in  general,  great 
^anfle  for  rejoicmg,  at  the  results  of  the  year  which  has  just  closed- 


ANNUAL  RErORT 


OF  TBB 


SECEETARY  OF  STATE, 


OF  THE 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


FOR  THE  TEAR  1854. 


MADI80N : 

BSRIAH  BROWH.  PRISTER. 
18&5. 


'[•  1  f-  '    I 


..»  I 


REPOET. 


Madison,  December  30, 185^, 
To  the  ZeffiiUUure : 

In  copformity  wilji  the^ proyieiaitt  (d  hkw  cont^ned  in*.  cBapter 
niBe  of  the  Borised  Stakites,  the  undemgDidd^.^cretaryof  filate, 
has  the  honor  to  submit  the  Annual  Report  from  this  offioe  ebow* 
ing  ^'aricomplete  etotement  of  the  fandft  of  the* State;  of  its  reve^ 
nues  and  of  the  public  expend! tares  daring,  the-  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifty  four,  with  a  detailed,  estimate  of  expenditarea 
to  be  defrayed  from  the  Treasury  for  the  ensuing  year,"  and  also 
touching  other  matters  pertaining  to  his  office,  which  are  deethed 
worthy  of  legislative  (Jotisideration.     -  ■  '  •    ^ 

The  seveiral  funds  of  fiie  State,  separate  and  distinct  acooootp  of 

which  are  kept  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  as' Auditor,  awJ  ei^ht, 

to  wit:  ...» 
1—The  General  Ftmd. 

n — Th«  Juiioiary  F\ind.               -  ,     i  •          ! 

m— The  Fund  for  ike  Blind.  !                        ., 

JY— The  Schoti  Fund.        "          "  , 

Y—The  School  Fund  Income.  '                .          M 

yi — The  TTmversUy 'Fv/nd.  ^          .  j 

Vn — The  University  Fund  Income.  -    — 

Yin.— The  Improvemmt  Fund.  m 


Thej  are  formed  and  explained  as  follows : 


TEB  GENERAL  FUND 

This  fund  embraces  all  of  the  revenues  of  the  State,  the  avails 
of  which  are  applicable  to  the  payment  of  the  ordinary  expenses 
of  the  State  government,  and  is  derived  from  the  following 
sources,  to-wit :  T'  <i  j  )  ([  '.•    ;[ 

Arrearages  due  to  tne  late  territory. 

Tlie  annual  taxes  levied  in  each  county  for  State  purposes. 

The  Eemi-annnal  tax  charged  against  banks,  being  three  fourths 
of  opiy  per^  (C^t  oiv  tb^  c^tal  stock  thereof. 
,  The  duties  received  from  Hawkers  and  Pedlars  for  license,  and 
from, 

The  Judiciary  Fund.  '     '    ^       "    ''■ 

The  exp^ndhnres  fromti^^^nndjaveiailthiMrii^ed  byp^m^ 
or  tetrnporary^approprmtiolM  of  the  L^gislatmre,>  aiid  by  tke  Brreral 
acts  reqaiirimg  the  Seoretary  cf  S^te  to  Mdit-cei^tuJ^B  afeoodnts.^ 

The  following  are  the  transaoiions  in  this  lii&d'foi^diKe^ealytear 
ending  this,  day :  i 

i:iiisTQXJAKrEii.*  .      ,        ; 

»;to  da| 

788  01 

1,177  68 

M28  60 

,10,237  « 

5,554  40 

.10,662  23 

^4,341  86 

.  5,Q00 

5,724  04 

e,20^  46 

.    1,620  52 

3,400 


Aoams  uoumj 
Bad  Ax, 

ou.e  xax,    • 
do 

Brown,  >       ' 

d«   ■■       - 

Cairns, 

do.       ..  - 

Crawford, 

do 

Columbia, 

do 

Dane, 

do 

Dodge, 
Fond  du  Lao, 

do 

do 

Grant, 

do 

Greene, 

do 

Iowa, 

do 

Jefferson, 

do 

Kenosha, 

do 

LaCroeae, 

do 

La  Fayette, 

do 

*  KoTS.— For  conTenieiiefl  in  adjnstiDg  tbe  aecoiratB  of  HembeTS  of  tbQ  IfioMxa^ 
Uie  iraDsactioiui  of  the  fint  four  moDtbft«f  ike  year  svf  tnelttdad  in  Une^M  gmrUr» 


93BpKDnCB« 


Marathon, 

Hanitowoe, 

Marquette, 

Milwaukee, 

Outagamie, 

Ozaukee 

Bacine, 

Bock, 

Bichland, 

Sauk, 

Sheboygan, 

Walworth, 

WashiDfftoB, 

Waukefiha, 

Waupacca, 

Waushara, 

J0> 


do 

do 

4o 

do 

do 

do  -  ^ 

do 

do 

do  -  - 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
OorerDor^B  oontingeot  accoaDt» 
J.  Lehmert,  license,  hawker  aiidpedljuv 
M.  Schlastenski,  do 

Miles  Joyce,  do 

John  Rveasel,  do 

J.  Levigoe^  i  do 

H.  D.  Hyman,  do 

Samuel  Block,  do' 

ITasb&'Co^  do 

City  Bank,  Kenosha,  StaterTas^ 
Jefferson  Co.  Bank,        do 
Farmer8<t;MiI]er's  Bank,  do 
Eoek  Ri?er  Bank,  do 

State  Bank  of  WisconBin,do 
Wisconsin  Bank,  do 

Wis.  M.  &  F.  Ins.  Go.  Bk.do 
Erie  ds  Mich .  Teleg.  Co.  do 
S.  Park  Coon,  Canal  Land  Mortgages,  • 


E.  B.  Fisher, 

do 

A.  L.  Caitleoum, 

do 

H.  Sunsbuiy, 

do 

Jonas  Foltz, 

do 

lUehard  Harddl, 

do 

SethBice, 

do 

Harrison  Reed, ' 

do 

W.  Denney, 

do 

John  D.  McDonald, 

do 

H.J.HiIdreth, 

do 

OriMReed, 

do 

Win.0.  Oatea^ 

do 

400 

2,000 

5,097  91 

U,937  52; 

533  40l 

2,121  06 

7,702  84 

10,487  63 

1,143  71 

3,008  80 

5,078  41 

8,835  34 

8,046  38 

0,486  68 

727  62 

850   12 

5,092  34 

776  54 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

16  08 

30 

30 

375 

187  50 

375 

375 

1,125 

876 

760 

22  50 
677  62 

80 

209   16 

199  62 

109 

120 

108 

165 

40 

288 

80 

144 

25 


BBOBtPIS. 


Joha  A.  Metaeogeri  do 

D.  LittK  do 
&  Mutera,  do 
A.  Alden,  do 
Swo0t  U  EdgertoD,  do 

E.  PeAitnan,  do 
II.  H.  FiiirHen'ioe,  do 
W.  H.  GiemoD,  error  Imbi  year, 
€.  D.  Gage,  do 

jr.  Robinaon,  do 

P.  Kelly,  do 
IVm.  H.  Lander,  tax  on  Buit% 

Total, 


188  42 

iro  82 

19  07 

246  34 

820 

288 

64  50 

5 

25 

80 

50 

25 

165,467  54 

DISBUBflEUENTGL 

Jm.  T.  Lewis,  Pres't  of  the  Senate,    • 
Btfn.  Allen,        do  do        pro  tern 

F.  W.  Horn,  Sperker  of  the  Anemhly, 
Wm.  Hull,        do  do         protem. 

L.  F.  Harvey,  Member  of  the  Si^nate, 
Jeaae  Hook«fr,    do  Awembly, 

Per  diem  of  102  members  of  be  Leaglslature, 

each  $207  50, 
If ilenge  of  Meniber^  of  Legislature,    • 
Ben.  Allen  per  diem  1  So:),    - 
Atwood  &  Brown,  Ajipropr'n  1853  &  54, 
David  Atwood,  do  do 

Alden  &  Holt,  audited, 
John  Q.  Adams  per  diem  1853, 
Michael  Ames,         do,       1853  <b  1854, 
Ole  Aslackaen,  appropriation, 
Beriah  Brown,  a[>prop*n8  <jf  Nudited  1858  <k  *54 
Bradford  ds  Bm.  approptiHtion, 
Coles  Bashford  per  diem  1853, 
lilisB  &  Chaney,  audited, 
1  >an  0.  Brown,       do 
Baker  6s  Doty,         do 
F.  J.  Blair,  afipropriation, 
Brigga  &  Foster,  audited, 
Jaa.  8.  B  iki^r,        do 
John  Ballard,  appropriation  1853, 
John  Bell  per  diem,  1 853, 
.John  Burke,  appropriation, 
John  Burt,  do 

J.  Alien  Barber,  per  diem,  1853, 


f415 
382  50 
415 
415 

197  50 
125 

23,115 
1,074  40 

120 
8,847-24 
124  24 
11  30 
45 

197  50 
60  25 
5,895  22 
280  01 
165 
9  80 
6  90 
5  05 
59  06 
11  30 
12 
70 
45 
132  50 
207  50 
44  50 


9 


Jdo.  a.  Brown,  audited, 

Jno.  G.  BuDoer,     do 

J.  F.  Bircbard,  appropriation, 

J.  R.  BriggB,  per  diem  1853, 

Harry  Barnet^     do        do 

H.  D.  Barroa,  audited, 

Bloomfield  is  Kopp»  do 

M«  H.  Bovee,  per  diem  1854, 

Bugh  6f  Nimmocks,  audited, 

O.F.Bartlett,  per  diem  1853,       ,    - 

Pbilo  Belden,        do        do 

B.  A.  Bird,  audited, 
Beiner  Bergafz,  appropriation, 
S.  G.  Bugh,  Chief  Clerk  Senate,       - 
8.  M.  Booth,  audited  and  appropriation, 
Beeflon  ic  Thomag,  audited,  - 
Tim.  Burns,  per  diem  1858,  • 
TThos.  S.  Bowen,     do  •  - 
W.  A.  Barstow,  salary,  ^^    • 
W.  A.  Bugh,  audited,           <• 
W.  D.  Baeon,  per  diem  1853, 
W.  P.  Barnes,  appropriation  <t  per  diem  1853, 
W.  H.  Beslj,  witness  fees, 

W.  W.  Brown,  witness  fees  and  appropriation, 

Alex.  Cook,  do         • 

A.  F.  Cady,  appropriations  1853  and  1854, 

A.  L.  Collins,  witness  fees,     - 

Campbell,  Brusb  &  Co.,  appropriation, 

C.  B.  Coleman,  per  diem  1853, 
C  Clement,  audited, 
Cbas.  £.  Cbsmberlain,  per  diem  1853, 
Darwin  Clark,  appropriation, 

D.  Casey,    witness  fee^  - 

D.  H.  Chandler,  do 
Enoch  Chase,  per  diem  1853, 

E.  A.  Calkins,  appropriation, 
Casey  <fe  Fallen,  audited, 
Geo.  CogsweU,  witness  fee,    • 
Oeo.W.  Jate.  per  diem  1853, 
Cover  <&  Goldsmith,  audited, 
Cary  &;  Harrison,  appropriation, 
H.  M.  Crombie,  audited, 
John  Crawford,  witness  fee^ 
Jerry  Crowley,  audited, 
J.  W.  Cary,  per  diem  1853, 
M.  M  Cothren,  salary, 
P.  CosgroTe,  appropriation, 

2 


OS 


5  05 
62  50 
1,228  24 
45 
45 

36  31 
93  45 
45 

5  05 
46 
45 

5  Off 
105  13 
2;260 
502  85 
10  45 
90 
45 
«25 
7 
45 
57 

32  05 
265 

55  60 
175  05 

56 
888  99 

45 
168  45 

70 
845  72 
73  60 
48 
45 
129 
5  05 
77  60 
50 
5 
200 
5  50 
18  68 
5  05 
45 
470 
18d  50 


05 


10 


I>JSBXJB8MJaaiTB. 

0.  D.  Coleman,  perdiea,  1853. 
Richard  Carlisle,       do         do 
R  P.  Clement,  appropriatioD  1853, 
N.  V.  Chandler,  audited, 
Sam '  I  C  ra wford,  salary,  * 
S.  Park  Coon,  appropriation,  • 
S.  S.  Conovor,          do 
W.  CJark,  witness  fee,  • 
Wm.  E.  Cramer,  audited, 
W.  P.  Clark,  appropriation,  * 
Ohas.  Dunn,  per  diem  1853,  * 
D.  S.  DuHrie,  appropriation,  * 
Edward  Daniels,  salaij, 
Geo.  P.  Delaplaine,  do 
H.  N.Davis,  witness  fee, 
J.  R.  Doolittle,  salary  and  appropriiCioD, 
Jason  Downer,  witness  fee,     - 
J.  £.  Dod^e,  per  diem  1853,  • 
John  W.  Davis,         do 
K.  M  Donaldson,  appropriation  &  per  diem  '53 
Donaldson  <fe  Tredway,  appropriation, 
P.  DuflSe,                               do 
W.  M.  Denn]^  per  diem  1853  &  salary, 
**  Emigranten,"  audited, 
Emigrant  Agency,  expenses, 
A.  E.  EUmone,  witness  fee,    - 
Chas.  A.  Eldridge,  appropriation, 

C.  B.  Ellis,  do 
H.  F.  Eastman,  audited, 
W.  S.  Events,  witness  fee,     - 

A.  Finch,  jr.,  do 
Charles  Foote,  appropriation  A  audited, 
Charles  W.  Fitch,  do 

D.  Fitch,  audited  1853, 

B.  N.  Foster,  per  diem  1853,  • 
G.  J.  Fowler,  witness  fee, 
Fratney  &  Herzberg,  appropriation  <k  audited, 
H.  L.  Foster,  per  diem  1853, 
J.  C,  Fairchild,  appropriation, 
John  Fitzgerald,  do 
P.  Hines,  do 
P.  J.  Fleischer,            do 
S  W.  Field,  per  diem  1853,  - 
Thos.  Fenton,        do  -  - 

1.  H.  Fellows,         do 
Alex  T.  Gray,  salary,  -  * 
Governor  Contingent  Account,  Appropriation, 


ill 


H*  W.  GninnisoD,  appropriati^o, 
James  P.  Greeves,  witness  fee, 
Gould  &  McLaughlin,  audited 
O.  B.  Graves,  appropriation,   -  -• 

"W.  Graham,  witness  fee,        -  ^t 

W*  H.  Gleason,  appropriation  and  audited, 
B*  F.  Hopkins,  appropriation  1863,     - 
Carr  Huntington,  audited, 
HuJet  <fe  Gary,  do 

D&vid  Holt,  appropriation, 
•  Du  Ray  Hunl^        do 
£.  Hi!lyer,  per  diem  1853, 
£.  Hurlbut,  n^itness  fee, 
£.  a  Hull,  audited  1853  and  1854,  • 
Edward  M.  Hunter,  per  diem  1853,    - 
E.  F.  Hemstein,  appropriation, 
H.  Heertell,  salarj,    - 
H*  Holmes,  per  diem  1853, 
Jaa.  Hal  pin,  appropriationa 
John  Hart,  witness  fee, 
J.  A.  Hadley,  audited, 
Jo^n  £.  Holmes,  per  diem  1858, 
.  John  W.  Hunt,  appropriation  and  salary, 
Hurd  Sc  Johnson,  audited, 
Levi  Hubbell,  salary, 
.  Mary  A.  Howe,  witness  fee,    • 
Hall  &  Pierce  appropriation  and  auditad  1853, 
S.W.  Hill,  per  diem  1853,    - 
Titus  Hayes,        do  •  • 

Thomas  Hood,  appropriation  1853,    - 
Tim  0.  Howe,  salary, 
Wm.  Hull,  appropriation, 
ffxn.  A.  Hawkins,  per  diem  1863,     -> 
Wm.  H.  Howard,  appropriation, 
J.  K.  Tnman,  witness  fee^        • 
Cbas.  E.  Jenkens,  dp  -  * 

D.  jNT.  Johnson,  appropriation, 
Edward  H.  Janssen,  appr'n  &  salary  '53  &  '54. 
John  B.  Jacobs,  appropriation, 

B,  Jenkinson,  do        - 
August  Kruer,  salary, 

Cbas.  M.  Kingsbury,  appTopriatioD«    • 

C,  R.  Knight,  do 

E  B.  Kelsey,  do  « 

J.  G.  Knapp,  witness  fee,        •  •% 

L.  F.  Kellogg^  appropriation  and  witness  fee^ 
Vr  Keenan,  do 


BO 

•0  40 
14   73 
124  50 
83 
1,204 
234  59 
6  05 
4  40 
84  55 
217  50 
45 

72  60 
27  70 
120 

132  50 
500 
45 
4,504  24 
34  40 
4  40 
15 
700 

9  45 

470 

25 

335 

45 

45 

305  80 
570 
200 

70 
100 

8  75 
92  40 
15 
1,250 
49 
21 
400 
8 
182 
39 
18 
373  87 

306  20 


75 


IS 


DttBtnsEMBirrB* 

Bi]fu8King<fc  Co.  audited,    - 
B.  Q.  Kiiight,  witnera  fee, 
Hiram  Knuwlton.  salary, 

A.  D.  Liadue.  p«r  diem, 

B.  B.  Ludluro,  appropriation, - 
CbarleR  Luin,  witness  fee, 
Charles  N.  Larat^ee,  »alary,     - 
Livsey  &  Carroll,  appropriatioDfl^ 
F  8.  Lo\ell,  witness  fee, 
J.  Laudeidaie,  \)er  diem  1853, 
J.  Lemon,  appropriation, 
J.  J.  Lot^niis,  appropriatioB,  - 
Edward  LefS,        do        and  per  diem  1853, ' 
James  T.  Lewi«,  do 
Kob't  M.  Long,  Falary,            •  * 
Bob't  W.  Landing,  appropriation  and  audited, 
A.  Idai^chiier,  do 
A.  McArthur,  witness  fee, 

A.  MeiigeF,  salary,    - 

C.  H.  ^  cI^Hu^lilin,  appropriation, 
Chas  N.  Miiniford,         do 

B.  M  Miller,  do 
E.  Manner,  witness  fee, 
Ed.  Mt'Garry,  per  diem  1853, 
Ezra  Miller,             do 
F.J.  Mills,  audited,  • 
George  R  McLane,  per  diem, 
B.  Madden,                 do 
Ja&  Morrison,  appropriation,  • 
J.  Myeis,  per  •  iem  1853, 
J,  L.  Marhli,  audited, 
L.  Miller,  I  er  diem,  - 
Mattliias  Martini,  appropriation, 
Mapes  &  R«)ot,  audited, 
P.  L-  Mossin,  appiopriation,  - 
R.  N.  Mesfsenger,  per  diem  2863, 
T.  D.  Morris,  appiopriation,   « 
Miner  &  Skinner,    do 
Tbos.  M(  Glynn,      do 
Thos.  McHugh,  Cbief  Clerk  Assembly, 
"Wm.  8.  MurrHy,  per  diem  1853, 
Memliard  &  Williams, 
B.  8.  Ni('kei«on,  appropriation, 
Vf.  \V.  Noyfs.  audited, 
J.  H.  Ohiirander, 
Bostwick  O'Conner,  appropriation, 
J7«  Olmstead,  per  diem  1853,  - 


210  67 
'   23  45 

22 

86 

42  50 
287 
314  94 

45  20 

45 
i07  50 

22  73 

70 
165 
300 
200 

15  05 

62  40 
600 
174 

67 

88 

68  40 

45 
120 

9  46 
120 

45 
862  46 

45 
5 

45 

451' 

6 

24 

45 
122  16 
5  05 
207  &0 
2,250 

4^ 

47 
148 

51 

70 
174 

45 


05 

73 

05 


45 


IS 


DlSBPBftlSMlflWTB^ 

Tbo6.  J.  Otis,  appropriation,   - 
PoetAge,  appropriation  <&  audited, 

A.  F.  Philips,    do  -  -        . 

B.  Pifwkney,  per  diem  1863,- 
Charlea  Piquette,  appropriation, 
D,  J.  Powers,  per  diem  1853, 
Elisba  Peaile,        do  -  - 
George  C.  Pratt,  witness  fee,  - 
George  H.  Paul,  appr'n  and  audited  1853, 
Haven  Powers,        do 
H.  L.  PHge,            do      1853, 
Judsrn  Prentice,  per  diem    do 
J.  D.  PJunkett,  audited         do 
J.  H.  Payne,  witness  fee, 
J.  \V.  Porter,  per  diem  1853, 
N.  Prater,  ai)propriation, 
Sana'J  Pierre,      do 
S.  D.  Powers,      do         1853, 
Wm,  H,  Peitit,  witness  fee, 
Wm.  R.  Perry,  appropriation  1852,     - 
Jacob  Quintus,          do         and  audited, 
Henry  Quarle?,  appropriation, 
Amos  Keed,  Mudited, 
A.  W.  Randall,  witnef«  fee^     - 
Robinson  &  Bro.,  audited, 

C.  M.  Roesser,  do        - 

D.  G.  Reed,  per  diera  1853, 

E.  Robinson,        do 
Edward  G  Ryan,  appropriation, 
Franeis  Randall,  witness  fee^ 
H.J.  Ross.  do 
James  D.  Reymert,  audited, 
James  Robinson,  error  1853, 
Reed'  (Se  Nevitt,  audited, 
Orson  Reed,  per  diem  1853, 
Patrick  Rogan,        do 
Peter  Rogan,  witness  fee, 
R.  B.  Rice,  appropriation, 
BoVtL.Ream,    do        1851, 
8.  Richie,              do 
8.  Ryan«  audited, 
V.  W.  Roth,  appropriation,    - 
W.  H.  Roe,  per  diem, 
•See  Bote,"  audited, 
Albert  Sroiih,  witness  fee^ 
AlTi  8tewart,  per  diem  1853, 
A,  IX  Seaman,  »*ppiopriatioo, 


812  88^ 

4,682  88 

132  60 

46 

15  60 

45 

70 

27  40. 

174  45 

120 

870 

45 

22  60 

19  20 

46 

132  60 

182  60 

100 

90  72 

6 

117  40 

207  50 

9  40 

16  80 

5  06 

6  40 

116 

45 

8,182  36 

48  40 

18 

607  46 

20 

9  40 

46 

46 

61  60 

17  20 

87  50 

132  60 

16  05 

81 

46 

16  40 

42  40 

166 

64 

u 


jyiSBTTBStthDESTS* 

A.  D.  Smith,  salary, 

A.  H .  Smith,  witness  fee, 

Schofi  &  Butts,  audited, 

G.  L.  Sbol&o.  audited  &  per  diem  1853, 

Strong,  Urapo  &  Russel,  appropriation, 

C.  Stevens,  per  diem  1852,  - 
David  Scott,  appropriation,  - 
Daniel  Shaw,  audited, 

D.  O.  Snover,  appropaiation,  -  -        ' 
Sboles  &  Densmore,  audited  - 
D.  M.  Seaver,  salary, 
Geo.  B.  Smith,  witness  fee,    - 
H.  Stebbins,  per  diem  1853,  - 
State  Historical  Society,  appropriation,  . 
John  Sbaw,                             do 
J.  A.  Smith, audited, 
J.  D.  Smith,      appropriation, 
John  J.  SKghtara,         do 
James  K.  Smith,  witness  fee, 
Jesse  M.  Sherwood,  appropriation, 
John  L.  Sweeny,             do            1653, 
J.  W.  Seaton,  per  diem,                   do 
Levi  Sterling,       do                         do 
State  Library,  appropriation. 
State  Loan,  interest  on  bonds. 
State  Prison,  appropriations  1853  and  1854, 
South  Wing  of  State  Prison,  appropriation, 
P.  B.  Simpson,  per  diem  1853, 
Seaton  <fe  Paul,    audited, 
Stevens  &  Rogers,  do           -  -  • 
T.  L.  Smith,  appropriation  1853, 
W.  Sayles*  per  diem,             do 
W.  Spooner,  salary,               do 
"W.  Sandereon,  witness  fee,     - 
Wm.  Slightam,  appropriation, 
Winfield  Smith,  witness  fee,  - 
Wm.  N»  Seymour,     do         - 
Wm.  R.  Smith,  appropriations  1853  <Sp  '54, 
Scboeffler  6s  Wendt,      do        and  audited. 
D.  Taylor,  per  diem  1853, 
D.  L.  Tliayer,  appropriations  1853  <k  '54, 
Tibbits  <k  Gordon,     do                    .  - 
George  P.  Thompson,  witness  fee, 
H.  A.  Tenney,                    do 
I.  S'Talhnadge,  p^r  diem  1863, 
Jonathat)' Taylor,  witness  fee,           .  - 
L.  Towtlfde,  appropriation.      - 


500 

29  10 

9  45 

49  40 

192  67 

70 

116  16 

197  50 

182  50 

175  05 

500 

40  24 

45 

500 

1,200 

9  46 

132  50 

205 

54  70 

032 

282 

45 

46 

3.000 

7,500 

17,106  31 

7,758  43 

46 

6  06 

4  40 

70 

46  . 

497 

60  40 

46 

71  60 

8  12 

1,260 

749  22 

70 

202  60i 

1,646  60 

47  64 

4 

46 

70  60 

M  30 

15 


DISBXJBBEMBim. 

M.  J.  Thoma0,  appropriation, 

PatToland,  do 

Thos.  J.  Townaend,  salary  and  appYopriatioa, 

Wilson  Torrey,  do 

Wm.  H.  Thomas,  witness  fea, 

Wm.  L.  Uiley,  s«lary  1858,  - 

E.  R.  <k  F.  A.  Utter,  audited, 

D.  8-  Vittum,  per  diem  1853, 

A.  Whittemore  ii  Co.,  appropriation  '53  ^  '54, 
A,  S.  Wood,  do 
Wisconsin  Blind  InstituU,    do    '50 '53  <&  54, 
Charles  Wheeler,  do  do 
Cal.  C.  White,  witness  fee,    - 
Chas.  K.  Watkins,    do 
Wis.  Deaf  <fe  Dumb  Inst,  appropriation  1853, 

E.  Wakelj,  per  diem  1853,    - 
Ezra  Wheeler,      do  -  - 
Weed  &  Eberhard,  appropriations  '53  &  '54, 
E.  V.  Whiton,  salary  and  witness  fee, 
H.  A.  Wright,        do        per  diem  1853, 
H.  C.  West                             do 
H.  K.  White,  witness  fee,      - 
Isaac  Woodle,          -            -            - 
John  Walworth,  audited, 
John  K.  v\  ilHams,  appropriations  '53  k  '54, 
John  Wright,                  do                 -         - 
Joseph  Wilson,                do                -        - 
J.  H.  Wells,  witness  fee,         -  -        - 
J.  H.  Weljfs  (Marquette,)  andited, 
John  T.  Wilson,                    do 
L.  Wyman,  witness  fee,        - 
O.  J.  Wright,  audited, 
Eobert  Wejr,  witness  fees^ 
Russel  Wheeler,    do            -             -         . 

B.  fi.  Wentworth,  appropriation  and  audited 
R  F.Wilson,  do  do     , 
Rob't  W,  Wright  Witness  fee, 
Thos.  Wait,  per  diem  1853  and  appr'n, 
T.  T*  Whittlesey,    do 
Wm,  K.  Wilson,  witness  fee, 
H.  D.  Tork,  per  diem  1853, 

Total  -  -  -        .' 

Amt  Qverpaid  last  quarter,  - 
Receipts  brought  from  page  8, 
Balance  overpaid,     •  -  •        . 


25 

290 

2.860 

174 

31  64 

75 

6  05 

165 

2,076  27 

195 

a,260  84 

' 

232  50 

110  22 

29  120  • 

1,750 

45 

46 

1,556  44 

522  80  ' 

845 

45 

46 

- 

45  80  ' 

- 

5  05 

. 

^50 

- 

67  23 

132  50  > 

- 

41  20 

31  20 

- 

102 

19  20 

5  05 

SO 

45  20 

60  95 

162 

42  80  . 

70 

45 

89  40 

45 

165,277  53 

8,110  70  . 

16^487  64 

7.»00  69 

$173,388  28 

$173,388  23 

16 


SECOND  QUAETER 


Brown    Countyr             State  Tax, 

186  50 

Jefferson     do 

do 

820 

La  Fayette  do 

do 

3,378  96' 

Portage     do 

do 

1,024  19 

Bt.  Croix    do 

do 

424  96 

Outagamie  do 

do 

702 

Badger  State  Bank, 

do 

187  50 

Bank  of  Commerce, 

do 

320  50 

Columbia  County  Bank, 

do 

50  42 

Exehange  Bank, 

do 

375 

Farmers  &,  Millers'  Bank, 

do 

875 

Bank  of  Fond  du  Lac, 

do 

187  50 

Fox  River  Bank, 

do 

17  49 

Jefferson  County  Bank, 

do 

375 

City  Bank  of  Racine, 

do 

375 

Bank  of  Racine, 

do 

375 

Stale  Bank, 

do 

875 

State  Bank  of  Wisconsin, 

do 

1»125 

Wisconsin  Bank, 

do 

875 

W.  Fry,          License,  Pedlar, 

30 

M.  Boynelackiy         do 

- 

80 

Wm.  R.  Berry,        do 

- 

40 

B.  Mook,                 do 

- 

40 

Tilten  <Sb  Mallery,     do 

- 

60 

H.  E.  Hood,            do 

- 

40 

G.  R.  Knight,  refunded  error 

9 

49  50 

H.  S-  Nickerson,         do 

M                                      M 

15  50 

Total, 

10,805  02 

DISBTJBSEiaBKl 

B. 

Jonathan  E.  Arnold,  appropriation^    - 

Bf.  C.  Bush,                      do 

John  Butler,                       do 

Bugh  <&  Nimraock,  audited. 

Cover  &  Goldsmith,     do 

M.  M.  Cothren,  salary, 

Saral  Crawford,    do 

Charles  Foote,  appropriation 

R.  W.  Griswold,  witness  fee, 

A.  C.  Ingham,           do 

Edward  M.  Hunter,  tala 

C.  H.  Larrabee,          do 

R.  M.  Long.               do 

T.Lund,      appropriation,    - 

^ 

11.  Martin             do 

»               • 

1,000 
182 
106  OB 

84  50 

20 
875 

Qee  67 
112  90 

17  20 

50  12- 
250 
875 
100 

2oa 


ir 


DXSBUBSEMXinB. 


Simeon  Mills,  appropriation,  - 

A.  D.  Smith,  aalary,  -  -  . 

State  A^ricultaral  Society,  appcopriation, 

South  Wing  State  Prison,  do 

E.  V.  Whiton,  salary. 

Wis.  Blind  Institute,  appropriation,     - 

J.  H.  Wells,  audited,  -  -  - 

Total  -  - 

Amount  overpaid  last  quarter, 
Balance  overpaid,      - 


5,713  72 


16,518  74 


THTEtD  QUARTER. 


BSOEIPrB. 


166  25 

666  67 

190 

2,146  95 
166  66 

1,500 
40  55 

8,618  06 
7,900  09 

16y518  T4 


Bank  of  the  West,  State  Tax, 

-    . 

485  55 

• 

Kenoaha  City  Bank,     do 

-  . 

375 

Baeine  County  do        do 

-  . 

750 

Boek  River        do        do 

-  . 

675 

1 

OhkoshCity    do        do 

-    . 

875 

Wi8.M.<feF.LCo.Bk.  do 

-   . 

750 

Jefferson  County     do  do 

- 

1095  82 

.'Milwaukee  County       do 

- 

887  31 

Qlines  ^  Co.,      License,  Hawkers  <fe  Pedlars,! 

40 

.M.  Loeb  <&  Co.,        do 

do 

40 

Charles  Richmond,   do 

do 

10 

John  W.  DavisJ  refunded, 

-  . 

5 

RRicker,              do 

m       . 

89 

To*al, 

5,177  68 

i>mBXJBsmsNi 

«•  ' 

David  Atwood,  audited. 

« 

934  10 

Atwood  dk  Brown,  appropriation, 

- 

6,013  66 

Beriab  Brown,              do 

&C.- 

4,061  40 

H.  D.  Barron,  audited,          -    . 

-    » 

" 

149  55 

S.  G.Bugh,             -            -    . 

-   • 

1t62  50 

Wm.  A.  Barstow,  salary,      -    j 

-■■ 

462  50 

Wm.  W.  Brown,  appropriation,  I 

- 

425 

Crawford  County,  overpayment^ 

•   - 

03 

^Oeorge  W.  Cate,  salary, 
iM.II.Gothren,      dp            -    [ 

-  * 

' 

•      499  17 

-   ' 

435 

8.  Park  Coon,  appropriafion,  - 

-   " 

- 

86 

F.  F.  Davis,            -            -  ; 

-  • 

"*                   T 

-        •      7k 

J.  R.  DooHttle,  sataiy. 

- 

375 

18 


BIBBTTSSEMERTO. 

Wm.  M.  Dennis,  salary, 

Charles  B  Ellis,  appropriation, 

A  V  Frjer,  do 

F  Fratney,  audited, 

H  B  Gardner,  appropriatioD, 

W  Grahatn,  do         - 

E  M  Hunter,  salary,  -  -  - 

F  W  Horn,  Emigrant  Agent, 

J  W  Hunt,    salary, 

Levi  Hubbell,    do  -  - 

J  vv  Hill,  per  diem,  -  •    * 

Edward  H  Janssen,  salary,    -  -   * 

John  N  Jones,  postage, 

E  B  Kel«ey,  per  diem  1863,  - 

Jas  Eneeland,  appropriation,  - 

Wiram  Knowlton,  salary,      - 

Rob'i  M  Long,  do        - 

Chas  H  Larrabee,      do        - 

R  W  Lansing  audited, 

Q  Loehr,        appropriation,  - 

Geo  R  M  Lane,  lunatic  do    - 

John  McManman,  salary, 

A  Menges,  do  -  - 

Alex  Mitchell,  appropriation  - 

J  G  Percival,  salary, 

Curtis  Reed,' per  diem  1853  - 

J  D  Reymert,  audited, 

V  W  Both,  appropriation, 

Schuflf  <fe  Rutts,  audited, 

D  M  Seaver,  salary, 

J  R  Sharpstein,  per  diem  1 868, 

Swamp  Lands,  appropriation,  -   - 

State  Prison,  do 

South  Wing,  do  *    - 

Schoeffler  &  Wendt,  audited, 

D  S  Yittum,  lunatic  appropriation, 

John  Welch,  do 

John  White,  do  1861, 

John  K  Williams,  do         1863, 

H  Wright,  salary,  <fea, 

R  Wilcox,  per  diem  1863,    - 

Wisconsin  Blind  Institute,  appr<»riatio% 

Wm.  A  Wheeler  A  Co.,  do 

Total, 
Amount  overpaid  last  qoarter. 
Receipts  as  above^    -  -  - 

Balance^ 


6,177  88 
88,107  70 

38,286  88 


600 

12 
160 
800 

83 

20 

250 

1,075 

26a 

148 

26 
209 
2,342  m 

70 

40 
376 
200 
375 
lU 

4f5 
300 
160 
260 

68 
410 

70 
187  60 
60 

68  85 
260 

76 
225 
600 
6,643  90 
1,672  60 
162  60 
282  16 
67 
116 
400 

45 
125 

89  25 

32,671  86 
i»7i3  79 


88,285  86 


19 


FOUBTB  QUARTER 


KTCKIFTB. 


0  F  Dana,  tax  od  tnita^ 

Manitowoc  Countj,  revenoa^ 

Portage  do  do 

Waushara        do  do 

BanlK  of  Commerce,        Tax, 

Columbia  County  Bank    do 

Dane  do        do     do 

Citj  Bank  Kenoeba  do 

City  Bank  RacJBe  do 

Farmers  <k  MiNers*  Bank  do 

Nortbera  do    do 

BadneConnty  do    do 

Bock  River  do    do 

State  do    do    , 

State  Bank  of  WWonain  do 

Wis  M  <k  F  Ins  Co  do 

Simeon  Steinbart,  Pedlar's  License^    - 

Silverman  d^  Co  do 

James  Cameron  do 

M  Scbwars  do 

Chandler  <&  Killey  do 

S  Hirscbberg  do  «  - 

Rabba8<feWolf  do 

A  GuiliI  efinger  do 

Alex  Quddlefinger,  do 

John  Blackenbunt  do 

S  Klauber  do 

A  L  Castlemao,  Canal  Land  Mortgage^ 


Total, 


.«j 

1,844  98 

544   1 

196  60 

b 

187  60 

185  42 

875 

375 

375 

5U  50 

760 

875 

375 

1,875 

750 

30 

80 

10 

•10 

HO 

30 

30 

10 

40 

40 

10 

5  16 

$9,829  22 

BISBUBSEiaENIB. 


Jas  S  Alban.  appropriation,   - 
J  R  Brim,  do 

S  0  Bugn,  on  recount, 
W  A  Burstow,  salary  &c^ 
W  W  Brown,  appropriation  - 
J  Cruwlev  au    tJ. 
M  M  Cothron,  salary, 
V  V  Chandler,  audited, 
0  3  Comfort,  appropriation,  - 
8am*l  Crawford,    salary, 
J  R  Dooiittle,  do 

Wm  M  Dennia,        do 
A  T  Gray,  do 


120 

120 
100 
462  50 
360 
136  40 
375 
5 
83 
600 
375 
500 
600 


05 


30 


DISBin^EMENTB . 


Oustavus  Grahl,        audited,  - 

Fratney  &  Herzberg,   do       - 

KJFIeisher,  do       - 

E  W  Hunter,  salary, 

F  F  Hobbs,  apprt^priation,    - 

F  W  Horn,  Emigrant  Agent, 

John  W  Hunt,  jjalary, 

J  N  Jones,  Hudited, 

E  H  Janssen,  salary, 

Levi  HubU-ll,    do 

James  &  Marriner,  appropriation, 

August     ruer,      salary, 

"Wiraro  Knowlton,    do 

C  H  Larrabee^         do 

M  D  Miller,  appropriation,     - 

A  Marschnes,  audited, 

Ohas  Roefeser      do  -  " 

OeoPaul,  do^  "! 

J  G  Percival,  Geological  Surrey, 

H  P  Powers,  appropriation, 

Robinson  &  Bro,  audited,      -  - 

Reed&Nevett,         do  -' 

Abm  D  Smith,  salary, 

A  S  Sanborn,  on  account  services,     -. 

D  M  Seaver,    Falary, 

OeoR  Smith,     d<> .   .    . 

Levi  Sterling,  appropriation,  - 

Swamp  Lands,         do 

Slate  Prison,  do  - 

8  G  Slacey,  salary, 

Schoefflercfe  Wendt,  audited, 

Wm  R  Smith,  appropriation. 

D  S  Vittum,  on  account  services, 

H  A  Wright,  salary, 

O.J  Wright,  Budiit^d,  -  -' 

Sam'l  F  Wright,  lunatic  appropriation," 

Total,  '  '  '  \ 

Receipts  as  above,     - 
Amount  overpaid  last  quarter, 
.  Amount  overpaid, 


9,829  22 
88,965  36 
48,794  58 


27  15 
870  05 
144  69 
250 

20  80 
2,560 
250 

723  47 
QOO 
875 

14 
600, 
376 
376 

83 

50 
6  45 

95  25 

50 

83 

52  81 

64  50 
500 

388  50 
250. 
800. 
120 
700 
500 
200 

ei5 

100 
488 
400. 

28.25 

10 

16,686  .88 
33,10?  70 


48,794  58 


21 

2.      THB  JUDIOIASY  FUKD. 

This  fund  is  created  by  virtue  of  thefoUowing  portions  of  the- 
Bevised  Statutes. 

Page  201,  "  Sectiork 61.  Every  Clerk  of  the  circuit  court  shally 
at  the  expiration  of  every  three  months  after  the  commencement 
of  his  term  of  oflSee,  transmit  to  the  secretary  of  state  an  account 
in  wilting,  verified  by  his  affidavit,  to  be  filed  with  such  account, 
of  all  moneys  received  by  him  for  taxes  on  suits  commenced  in  the 
circuit  court  during  the  preceding  three  months,  specifying  in 
such  account,  the  title  of  each  suit  and  the  proceeding  on  which 
such  taxes  have  been  received;  and  shall,  as  often  as  required  by 
the  judge  of  the  circuit  court,  pay  over  to  him  all  moneys  in  his- 
hands,  received  for  taxes  on  suits,  who  shall  execute  to  the  said 
clerk  duplicate  receipts  therefor,  one  of  which  shall  be  filled  and 
preserved  in  his  office,  and  the  other  shall  be  transmitted  by  mail 
to  the  secretary  of  state,  who  shall  charge  in  his  books  the  amount 
specified  in  such  receipt  to  the  account  of  such  judge,  and  deduct 
the  same  from  his  next  quarter's  salary.  And  it  is  hereby  made- 
the  duty  of  all  clerks  of  the  circuit  courts,  whose  duty  it  was  to 
receive  a  tax  of  one  dollar  on  suits  as  provided  by  section  seven- 
teen of  an  act  entitled  'An  act  to  provide  for  the  elect'on  of  judges, 
and  for  the  classification  and  organization  of  the  judiciary  of  the^ 
state  of  Wisconsin,"  approved  Jane  twenty-ninth,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  forty-eight,  to  pay  over  to  their  successors  ic^ 
office,  within  twenty  days  from  the  passage  of  this  chapter,  all 
moneys  which  may  be  or  should  have  been  by  said  clerks  re^ieiv: 
ed  as  provided  by  said  act" 

Page  762,  ^ See.  17.  On  each 'suit  in  the  circuit  com-t  ther^ 
sbeil  be  levied  a  tax  of  .one  dollar,  which  shall  be  paid  to  the  clerk 
at^he  time  of  the  commencement  thereof,  which  tax  so  levied 
fliiail  be  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  state,  and  form  a  separate- 
fand,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment'  of  the  salary  of  judges ;  said 
gum  of  one  dollar  shall  be  taxed  in  the  bill  of  costs  and  recovered 
M  Other  costs  of  suit." 

In  many  instances  clerks  ^entirely  neglect  to  report  to  this  offioor 


the  number  of  suits  commenced,  while  others  fail  to  pay  over  the 
money  received  by  them.  The  whole  amount  reported  by  dferks 
up  to  this  time  is  $9,327,*  0  as  follows : 

In  1n49, $1,928 

"   1850,  .-.-•..  1,162 

"1851, 1,886 

"   1852, 2,124 

"    1853, 1,414 

"    1854, 1,863 

Of  this  amount  the  sura  of  $7,818,60  has  been  paid  over,  leav. 
ing  $2,008,50  unaccounted  f«)r.  The  attention  of  clerks  has  been 
frequently  called  to  the  foregoing  provisions  of  law  but  with  little 
success. 

An  abstract  of  balances  due  from  Clerks,  as  above  shown,  on 
this  diiy  is  jiresenfed  herewith,  marked  "A." 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  abstract  that  the  sum  of  $295  has  been 
paid,  ibr  which  the  reports  have  not  been  made. 

Il  the  la>t  fur  annual  reports  from  this  office  complaint  has 
been  made  of  the  inefficiency  of  this  law.  It  still  remains  un- 
changed, and  increasing  negligence  on  the  part  of  clerks  is  the 
result  of  this  seeming  approval  of  the  Legislature.  The  following 
Buggeslions  of  Secretary  BAEs'row  in  his  report  bearing  date  De- 
ceuiber  31,  1851,  are  rtcummended  to  the  Legislature  as  worthy 
of  c•on^iderati'^n. 

**In  order  to  remedy  the  evil  complained  of,  and  for  the  purpose 
of  simplifying  the  manner  of  keeping  the  necessary  accounts,  it  is 
suggested,  a.^  a  better  means  of  realising  and  disbursing  this  por- 
tion of  the  State  revenue,  that^  the  clerks  be  required,  as  now,  to 
report  to  this  department,  quarterly,  the  amount  of  tax  for  which 
they  are  liable,  and  to  pay  over,  at  the  same  time,  to  their  respec- 
tive County  Treasurers  the  amount  so  reported,  taking  duplicate 
receipts  therefor,  one  of  whiih  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretaiy 
of  6tate>  to  bo  by  him  credited  to  said  clerk,  and  charged  to  the 
pr  per  Cou'ity  to  be  paid  by  said  County  annually  to  the  Btate 
Treasurer,  at  the  time  provided  for  the  payment  of  State  taxes ; 


S8 

and  in  the  event  of  a  failure  on  the  part  of  any  clerk  to  00  report 
and  paj,  to  suffer  such  penalty  as  may  be  prescribed." 

8.      FUND  FOS  THE  BLIND« 

The  act  incorporating  the  Wisconsin  Institute  for  the  education 
<rf  the  Blind,  approved  February  9, 1860  provided  that  a  tax  of 
one  fifteenth  of  one  mill,  should  be  levied  upon  every  dollars 
worth  of  property  in  this  State  for  the  year  1850  to  be  kept  as  a 
separate  fund,  to  be  known  as  the  "Fund  for  the  Blind.'*  The 
balance  remaining  in  this  fund,  on  the  fii*st  day  of  January  last 
was  $405,84,  which  amount  has  been  balanced  by  the  General 
fund,  as  that  Institution  is  now  supported  by  appropriations  there- 
from. 

4.    ras  SCHOOL  FUND. 

The  proceeds  arising  from  the  sale  of  School  Lands  together 
with  the  five  per  centum  of  the  nett  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  gov- 
ernment lands  to  which  the  State  is  entitled — ^the  five  per  cent 
penalty  as  forfeiture  for  tbe  non  payment  of  interest,  when  due 
upon  School  Land  certificates  and  loans  from  the  School  fund — 
and  the  clear  proceeds  of  all  fines  collected  in  the  several  conn- 
ties  for  the  breach  of  any  of  the  penal  laws  of  the  State,  one  set 
apart  to  constitute  the  school  fund ;  this  fund  being  subjected  only 
to  certain  expenses  for  advertising  and  selling  lands  and  necessary 
books  and  blanks  for  conducting  the  transactions  therein. 

The  transactions  of  the  State  Treasurer  in  this  fund  during  the 
fear  ending  this  day  are  4s  follows,  to-wit : 


FIRST  QUARTER. 

BBCEIFTS. 


Certificates, 

Fines, 

Loans, 

Penalty,  5  per  cent 

8alei^ 

OVHal, 


28,306  44 
1.785  06 
2,125 
869  24 

15,990  63 

\        49,166  381 


24 


DISBUBSEXENTS. 


Beriah  Brown,  printing  and  publishing^ 


Dan  C  Brown 
H  D  Barron, 

Joseph  Barnard,  appraising, 
John  A  Brown,  publishing, 
Milton  Barlow,  appraising, 
Beeson  <fe  Thomas,  pubJishing, 
Wm  O  Buck,  appraising, 
CahinietCo.,        do 
H  CaJkin^  do 

J  Crowlev,  publishing. 

KV  Chandler,  do- 

Wta  £  Cramer,  do^ 

C  W  Fitch,  do^ 

Fratnej  <fe  Herzbeig,     da 
George  Gale,  appraising, 
Indian  George,    do 
Edward  C  Hull,  publishing, 
J  A  Hadlej,  do 

H  P  Holmes,  appraising 
Joachim  &  Co.,  publishing 
KoUman  <fe  Co.,    do 
Asa  Lawrence,  appraising 
A  Morehouse^  do 

F  J  Mills,  publishing 
Manitowoc  Co.,  appraising,        | 
Marquette  Co.,        do 
Geo  H  Paul,  publishing 
L  M  Parsons,  appraising 
P  D  MaiBchner,     do 
W  W  Noyes,  publishing 
Obas  S  Roeser     do 
Richland  Co.,  appraising 
Rock  Co.,  do 

Reed  &  Nevett^  publishing, 
R  P  Rawson,  appraising, 
Robinson  <&  Bro.,  publishing, 
Sam  Ryan,  jr.,  do 

D  B  Shailer,  appraising, 
School  Fund,  refunded  for  enor, 
School  Fund  Loans, 
Seaton  &  Paul,    publishing^ 
Stevens  is  Rogers^      do 
Schoeffler  <&  Wendt,  d* 
W  B  Shaver,  do 

Geo  W  Taggert,  appraisinj^ 
Algernon  Weaton,     do 


do 
do 


892  40 
8 

33  55 

7b 
8 

15 

15  SO 
111 
581  12 

92  50 

a 

1  20 
97  85 

6  50 
25  90 
15 

9 

8  10 

9  20 
25  60 

5 

78 
63 
13 
200 
105  60 
7 
10 
50 
6 
7 
500  4(^ 
147  20 
14  80 
111 

8  60 

9  68 
111 

30  39 
65,921 
17  80 
16  80 
8  50 
4 
216 
7  50 


70 


2S 


DISBUBSEHSNTB. 
A  Whitemore  &  Co.,  plat  bcx)k,  » 

A  S  Weston,      appraising, 
"Winnebago  Co,         do 
D  M  West,  do 

Weed  &  Eberhard,  binding, 
J  H  Wells,  pubhdiing, 
Wm  White,  appraising, 

Total, 
ATnount  on  hand  last  quarter, 
Amount  of  receipts, 
Balance, 


84,094  92 
49,166  38 


$63,261  80 


SECOND  QUARTER 

BECEIFTS* 


Certificates, 

Loads, 

Penalty,  5  per  cent. 

Sales, 

Total, 
Balaoce  last  qaarter. 


3.412  29 
1,066 

179  52 
1,012  74 

5,670  55 
13,067  80 

DISBUBSSBIENTS. 


Brown  county,  appraising, 

Beriah  Brown,  printing  and  publishing, 

Royal    Kuck,  do 

School  Fund  Loans,  * 

W^ed  4o  Eberhatd,  binding. 


TptaJ, 
Bdaaoe, 


$18,737  85J 
THIKD  QUARTER. 


BEOXIFTS* 


Sales, 
Fioef, 
Penalty, 
Canificatea^ 

Total, 
Balaaoe  last  qaarter, 

4 


10,306  93 

623  25 

879  15 

2,186  44 

18,945  77 
15,430  12 

25 

12  50 

168  26 

20 

198  50 

21  25 

43  50 

70,194  00 


13,067  80 
$83,261  80 


136  50 
646 
12  60 
2^36  73 

77 

8,307  73 
16,480  12 

$18,737  66> 


I>]BBTTB8E1I£27T6. 
Loan*, 

We«^l  Si  Eberhard,  book  binding,  dbc^ 
W  H  WilUrd,  appraising, 
Klwanl  liPe^,  do 

JaH  Murdftck,         do 
O  A  Stafford,  printings 
Bf^riah  Brown,       do 
R  F  Wil>on,  appraising, 
D  A  Olidden,  refunded,  eft  11  Pierce  Co» 

Total, 
Balance, 


129,376  89 


2,800 

560 

182 

26 

141 

300 

820 

100 

6  8» 

4,373  82 

26^002  27 

129,376  89 


FOURTH  QUARTER. 


SBCEIFTB. 


CertificateB, 

Fines, 

Loanfs 

Penalty, 

Sales, 

Totol, 


8,079  73 

463  01 

1,425 

222  16 

6,609  77 

16,800  67 

]>IBBUBSBMEin:8« 


Benj  All^n,      appraising, 
Gyrus  N  Allen,      do 
B  Brown,  publishing, 
D  C  Brown,     do 
J  Barnard,  appraising, 
John  A  Brown,  publishing, 
Sftm*!  O  Bugh,        do 
Jerry  Crowley,  do 

Cover  Si  Goldsmith,  do 
H  Calkins,  appraiHing, 
R  L  Gove,       publishing, 
Gray  &  Nimmock,   do 
Joseph  Dartt,  surveying, 
E  C  Hull,  publishing, 
A  C  H(»lt,        do 
B  P  HickNapi-raiBing, 
Hunl  &  Johnson,  publishing, 
Edward  Lees,      appraising, 
Peter  Little,  do 

Jas  Murdock,  do 


26d  60 

157  50 

107  50 

81  26 

55 

19  00 

18  25 

42  75 

425 

166 

7  26 

17  26 
31 

7  25 
12  46 
16 

18  80 
480 

80 
50 


9T 


BUBUfiSKMEHTS. 


P  D  Marechall,    appraising, 
Wm  C  McMichael,  do 
Joeeph  Patch,  do 

Bobinson  &  Bro^  publishing, 
Wm  C  Rogers,         do 
Bjan  k  Co,  do 

J  Quintus,  do 

Stout  <b  Tennef,      do 
S  W  Smith,  do 

School  Fund, 
School  Fund  Loans, 
Thomas  <k  Reed,  publishing, 
B  F  Wilson,  appraising, 
O  J  Wnght,  publishing, 
Weed  A  Eberhard,  bindings 

ToUl, 
B<eceipts  as  above, 
Balance  as  aboye^ 
Balance^ 

Total, 


18  76 

142  60 

19 

66  20 

8  50 

8  36 

3  26 

65  85 

931  U 

2,506 

d8  75 

216 

14  76 

1,564  £0 

7,120  71 

16.800  57 

25,002  27 

84,682  13 

41,808  27 


41,802  84 


The  records  of  this  office  exhibit  the  following  as  the  present 
condition  of  this  fond : 


Amount  due  on  certificates  of  lale^  as  per  the 

books  of  this  office, 
Add  error  in  books  for  1852, 

do        do        do      1858, 

Total  fttnount  of  School  Fund  Dues, 
Amount  of  School  Fund  LoanS| 
Balance  in  Treasury  as  abore^ 


6,689  62 
8^387  79 


1,374,285  09 

40,977  41 

1,415,262  60 

220,814  24 

84,682  08 


1,670,268  77 

This  earn,  except  the  amount  stated  as  being  in  the  hands  of  the 
State  Treasurer,  is  drawing  interest  at  seven  per  cent.,  payable 
daring  the  month  of  Jonuarj  in  each  jear.  This  interest  consti- 
tatea 

5,  THS  80H00L  FUHD  IKOOMB* 

This  iB  aonnallj  appropriated  by  the  State  Superintendent  to  the 
■aeveral  counties  for  the  support  of  Common  Schools. 


38 


The  transactions  of  the  State  Treataier,  in  the  income,  of  the 
School  Fund,  for  the  fiscal  year,  are  as  fullows : 


FIRST  QUAETEK. 


XBOBIPTB, 


94,159  40;| 


Befunded  for  error  in 

DISBUBSEMSNTS. 

former  payments,  ^       | 

82  50 

Bad  Ax      County, 

Apportionment, 

' 

452  88 

Calumet,         do 

do 

642  96 

Colutnbm       do 

do 

8,191  04 

Crawford        do 

do 

485  2S 

Dane              do 

do 

6,567  12 

Dodfi;e            do 
Fond  du  Lac  do 

do 

6,212  16 

do 

4,395  04 

Grant             do 

do                       ; 

4,888  08 

Oreen            do 

do                       1 

3,211  92 

Iowa              do 

do                      ) 

2,542  27 

Jefferson         do 

do                                               1 

5,022  12 

Eeno&ha         do 

do 

8,019  68 

Marquette       do 

do 

2,593  44 

Milwaukee      do 

do 

5,497  95 

Ozaukee         do 

do 

2,675  21 

Sauk               do 

do 

2,048  40 

Sheboygan      do 

do 

3,605  5d 

Racine            do 

do 

4,855  18 

Richland         do 

do 

514  OS 

Bock              do 

do 

6,320  88 

Walworth       do 

do 

4,975  92 

Washington    do 

do 

4,03U  20 

Waukesha      do 

do 

5,848  56 

Waupaooa     do- 

do 

1 

497  5r 

Waushara .     do 

da 

8W  00 

Winiieb^^o,    do 

do 

8,765  68 

D  M  Seaver,.    platting,  in  1 853^ 

730  16 

Gbas  G  Mayers,   do 

do. 

254  50 

Total, 

86,496  50 

Bal&ooe  last  quarter,. 

, 

:i7,465  10 

• 

Receipts  as  abov^ 

94,159  40 

Balance, 

23,128 

111,624  50 

111,624  50 

SECOND  QUARTER. 

BEOSIPTB^. 

1.     1;858  97i 

1 

2d 


DISBUBSEHENTS. 


Adams     OotiTity,  Apportionment, 
La  Fayett<»    do  do 

Outagamie    do  do 

Portage        do  do 

St  Croix        do  do 

Total, 
Balance  last  quarter, 
fialanoe. 


2d,I2d 


$24,981  97 

THIRD  QUARTER.      • 


ESCEtPTS, 

BalaDce  last  quarter, 


I 


6,932  OV 


DtSBtTBSEMENtJ . 


HHwauiee  County,  ApfK)rtk>nment, 
V  A  Qliddoo>  Mfunded  eft?  7  Pierce  Go, 


Total, 
Balance, 


BSCBIPl'8, 

Balance  last  quarter| 


$26,148  09 

FOURTP  QTJAI^R. 


4,289  59{ 
25,257  80| 


DbsUBSEMSNlS. 


Refunded  on  ceitifl^tesTecalied, 
Polk  County,  ApJ)ortion)iient, 

Milwaukee      do  '  do   ' 

Waofthara       do  do   .. 

Manitowoc       do  do 


Total, 
Baknce, 


29,647  39 


V    285  84 
3,378  W 
702 

224  19 
174  96 

4,665  05 

20,216  02 

$24,981  07 


887  31 
2  98 


890  29 
25,257  60 

$26,148  09 


5 

51  12 
1,660 

196  66 
1,233  3^ 

3,036  14 
26,511  26 

29,547  39 


'    Tbeeapitalof  tbe  S^toolFund,  drawing  interest  as  before  shown, 
is  is  follows  t 


80 


School  Fuid  Du6%  1,415,292  50 

do     do    Loans,  220,314  24 

Total,  1,685,576  74 

The  intereat  upon  this  sam,  for  one  year,  at  7 

per  cent,  is  214,040  87 

To  which  add  balance  on  Iiand  aa  abora  27,493  92 

Making  a  Total  ot  142,484  29 

The  amonut  now  on  hand  inclndesthe  advanced  intereat  already- 
paid  for  the  year  1855.  This  will  lessen  the  amonnt  due,  to  the 
extent  of  such  advanced  payment  Loans  and  sales,  however, 
during  the  winter  will  doubtlesa  increase  the  income  to  such  an 
extent,  that  the  amount  to  be  apportioned  in  March  next,  will 
reach  the  sum  of  $146,000  00. 

6.    THB  mnvxBsrrr  fund. 

This  fund  is  composed  of  the  nett  proceed  of  the  sale  of  Univer- 
sity lands,  and  from  the  5  per  cent,  penalty  as  forfeiture  for  the 
non-payment  of  interest  when  due  upon  University  land  certificates 
and  loans  from  the  University  Funds, 

The  transactions  in  this  fund,  during  the  year  closing  this  day^ 
are  as  follows,  to  wit : 


FIRST  QUARTER 


Gertificatee, 
Penalty,  6  per  cent 
Sal«^ 

Total, 
Balance  last  quarter. 


Loam, 

Lorenao  Presten 
0  T  Orerton, 
Refanded  for  en^r, 

Balance^ 


2,165  47 

21 
2,010  41 


4,186  88 
10,867  22 


IXaBUBSEMENTS. 


0,125 
15 
20 
8  60 

5,890  50 


15,054  10 


15,054  10 


81 


SECOND  QUARTER. 

BBOEIFTB. 


PeDaltv, 


250      I 

96  15 

2.104  32 

5,890  50 


SISBTJBSEMENTS. 


' 

1,946 
6,894  97 

8,340  97 

8.340  97 

- 

THIRD  QUARTER. 

BBCEIFTB. 

Salefp 
Ceitiftcatii^ 

2,337  94 
830 

Bolanoe  last  qaartar^ 

KSBUBSEMSNIf 

6,394  97 

1 

IXMUiMf 

Balancoi 

7/J53 
1,109  91 

9,062  91 

9,062  91 

FOURTH  QUA] 

iTER. 

BBOEIPTS. 

Certificate^ 

pMMltj, 

Salca» 

112 

21   25 

607  06 

Balance  last  qnaiiar, 

1;019    91 

jsusBvwmami 

1. 

Loaned  to  XTniymitj, 
Amount  overpaid, 

1,086  12 

2,836  S3 

2,836  33 

2.836  33 

32 


The  records  of  this  office  exhibit  the  following  as  the  present 

condition  of  this  fund  : 

Amount  due  on  certificates  of  aale  as  per  the 

books  of  this  office,  125.557  18 

Add  error  of  books  ia  1853,  10,859  10 


Total  amount  of  University  Fund  Dues, 
Amount  due  on        do         do 


135,916  28 
25,230  33 


16M46  61 
1.086  12 


Amount  overpaid  as  above, 

Total  principal,  1       160,060  49 

This  sum,  except  the  amount  above  stated  as  being  in  the  Trea- 
sury, is  drawing  interest  at  7  per  cent,  payable  during  the  month 
of  January  in  each  }  ear.    This  interest  constitutes 

7.      THB  UNIVKBSnT  FUND  INCOME. 

This  is  annually  applied  toward  the  current  expenses  of  the 
State  University. 

The  tranpactions  of  the  State  Treasurer  in  the  income  of  the 
University  Fund  for  the  year,  are  as  follows : 

riEST  QUARTER. 


RXGEIPTS, 

Balance  last  quarter, 


7,077  21 
2,990  56j 


DISBUB8EMENTS. 


Interest  on  School  Fund  Loan, 
State  University, 
Refunded  for  error. 

Total, 
Balance, 


10,067  77 


3,500 
4,600 
11  09 

6,011  99 
2,055  78 

10,067  7t 


RVCBIFTS, 

Balance  last  quarter, 


State  University, 
Balance, 


SECOND  QUARTER. 

I 

mSBXTBSEMENTS. 


754  81 
2,056  78 


1,000 
1,810  60 


2,810  59|{ 


2,810  60 


33 


THIRD  QUARTER. 


RSOXIPTS, 

Balance  la^t  quarter, 
Balaooej 


BXOEIPTSy 

Balanoe  last  quarter, 

BISBUBSKMSNTS, 

.Balance^ 


363  58 
1,810  60 


2,173  17 


I 


FOURTH  QUARTER. 


580  47 
2,173  17 


2,753  64(1 


2,1 73  17 
2,173  17 


1,628  45 
1,125  19 

a,763 


llie  capital  of  die  Universitj  Fund  drawing  interest  as  abore 

shown,  is  as  follows: 

UniTeraity  Fund  Daes,  135,016  28 

do  do    Loans,  25,230  83 

Total,  161,146  61 

The  interest  npon  tlui  ram  at  7  per  cent  for 

one  jear,  is  11,280  26 

Add  balanoe  on  hand,  1,125  19 

Total,  12,405  45 

This  sum  will  dout)tless  be  increased  by  farther  sales,  so  that 
the  amount  sabject  to  be  drawn  for  the  support  of  the  Unirersitj 
next  jsar,  will  reach  the  sum  of  $13,000  00. 

8.      THE  IMPBOYEMENT  FUND. 

The  payment  required  to  be  made  to  the  State  Treasurer  bjTir* 
tue  of  the  act  to  provide  for  the  completion  of  the  Fox  and  Wia* 
cousin  Rivers,  passed  April  14, 1852,  constitutes  the  Improvement^ 
Fund, 

The  transactions  ia  this  fund,  during  the  current  fiscal  year,  have 
been  as  follows : 

Balanee  on  band,  120  38 

Paid  F  P  Tallmadge,  129 

Balanoe  in  the  Treasury,  »  ,  38^ 


129  3a 


129  aa 


34 
RECAPITOLATTON. 


OEMERAL  FUND, 

let  quarter, 
2d    Jo 
8d    do 
4tli   do 

acHooL  ruvD. 
^st  quarter, 
8d     do 
.Sd     do 
4th  do 

8.  F.  INCOME. 

Ist  quarter, 
id    do 
Sd    do 
4tli  do 

UK1VER8ITT  FUND. 

][st  quarter, 
2d    do 
3d     do 
4tb  do 

V.  F.  urcoicB. 

Ist  quarter, 
2d    do 
3d    do 
4tli  do 

MpaOYBMBNT  WV'ST), 

let  quarter. 
Total, 

BALA2TCXS. 

January  1,1854. 
General  Fund, 
School  Fund, 
School  Fund  Income, 
University  Fund, 
TJ  F  Income, 
Improvement  Fund, 


Receipts. 

~16M87~54 

10,805  02 

5,177  68 

9,829  22 

Disburaemcnts 

165,277  53 

8,618  05 

32,571  66 

15,686  88 

Total  Beoeipts 

Total  Dm- 

bursemeutSL 

191,299  46 

85,583  27 

106,235  03 

9,946  69 

8,776  07 

222,154  12 

84^06 

97,188  88 

21,898  93 

10,640  44 
129 

49,166  38 

5,670  65 

13,946  77 

16,800  67 

70,194 
3,307  73 
4,373  62 
7,120  71 

94,159  40 
1,853  97 
5,9S2  07 
4,289  59 

88,406  50 

4,765  95 

890  29 

3,036  14 

4,186  88 

:7.450  47 

l.,';67  94 

640  30 

9,168  60 
1,946 
7,953 
2,836  33 

7,077  21 
764  81 
362  68 
580  47 

8,011  90 
1,000 

1,628  45 

129 

401,838  42 

34,094  92 

17,465  10 

10,867  22 

2,990  66 

129  38 

437,007  43 
8,110  70 

401,838  42 
57,436  48 

437,007  43 

5 
J 

86 


REOAPrrULAXION.— Continued. 


BAtAVOBS, 

December  30, 1854, 
General  Fund, 
School     do 
S  F  Jnoome, 
University  Fund, 
U  F  Intome, 
ImproYement  Fund, 


38,965  36 
1,086  12 

• 

34,682  13 
26,511  25 

1,125  19 

38 

2^267  47 

507,437  08 

507,487  08 

459,274  90 

459,274  90 

Acoomrrs  audited. 

The  following  list  embraces  the  aceoimts  audited  in  this  office, 
l)y  virtue  of  various  provisions  of  law,  and  exhibife  the  funds 
&0Q1  which  the  same  are  respectirelj  payable.  The  sum  claimed, 
in  all  cases  has  been  the  same  as  allowed,  unlesa  otherwise  noticed. 


J«iilianr4. 

do 

7, 

do 

11, 

•do 

12. 

te 

1.8, 

do 

1*, 

do 

21, 

do 

30, 

ipoKry 

'    8, 

.    do 

11, 

.<k» 

13, 

do 

16, 

do 

18, 

do 

21, 

do 

26. 

ibich  2, 

do 

», 

OiEECBRAlt  FUND, 


Claim. 


Allowed. 


4a    11, 


James  H  Wellfl,  Publishiai^                  ,   < 

15  60 

James  S  Baker,  painting,  inc^ 

18 

Geo  Burnside  dc  Co,  publkiiing^ 

4  40 

C  Latham  Sholea,          do 

.-.       ♦-.40 

H  D  Barron,                  da 

4  40 

Alf  Marachner,                do                             .      , 

10 

JasM  Reese,                 da. 

7       ».40 

ChasH  Wells,              do          1851 

:  15  .60 

F  J  Mills,                      do                                , 

:        :    *  40 

Ryan  A?  Co,    .    :           4o 

10 

Hurd  <&  Johnson,          do 

4  40 

Reed  (b  Nevitt,             do 

4.40 

Briggs  &  Foster,            do 

..     4.40 

Schoeffier  &  Wendt,  translating. 

10 

John  C  Banner  &  Co,  Kewpapen,  1853, 

.      6»,50 

J  A  Hadley,    publishing. 

4  40 

"See  Bote,"           do                                     .   «0.            16  40 

HF  Eastman,        do    . 

<              4  40 

Fratney  &Herzberg  do 

0  40 

HD  Barron,          do 

26  86 

B  Brown,  Report  of  Impeachment  Trial,            i 

2,655 

Stevens  &  Bogersi  publishing, 

4  40 

Chas  Foote,  Carnage  Impeachment  Reports       65            53  26 

Wm  E  Cramer,  publishinfl^ 

24  85 

ECHoil,              do 

r      &.05 

F  J  Milla              da 

5  05 

66 

OXNIBIL  FUND. 

• 

March  11^    H  M  Croinbie,  carriage,  impeachment  trial; 

Beriah  KrowD,         publishing, 

Baker  <&  Doty,           ^  do 

Briggs  &  FuMer,  do 

Blum  field  &  Kopp,  do 

H  D  Barron,  do 

do     13,     Miner  <k  Skinner,  do 

Carr  Huntington,  do 

Gould  <fe  McLaughlin,  do 

J  L  Marah,  do 

Beeeon  <&  Thomas,  do 

do     14,    J  Walworth,  do 

E  R  db  F  A  Utter,  do 

A  Marscbner,  do 

do     16,     Alden<feHolt,  do 

Robinson  dc  Bits  do 

C  W  Fitch,  do 

Seaton  is  Paul,  do 

do    IV,    Schoeffler  &  Wendt,  do 

R  A  Bird,  do 

John  A  Brown,  4o 

J  Quintus,  do 

Fratney  ds  Herzber]g»  do 

do     20,    Ryan  i  Co^  do 

J  Crowley,  do 

D  0  Brewn,  do 

dd    21,    R  B  Wentworth,  do 

'  do    22,    ^'Epigranten,''  do 

do     2d,     Hurd  d^  Johnson,  do 

W  W  dc  L  Noyes,  newspttpera  in  1868, 
and  publishing, 
do    25,    Bngh  &  Nimmoc^    publishing, 

'do    28,    0  J  Wright,  do 

Jacob  Quintus,  do 

do    20,    Geo  H  Paul,  do 

S  M  Booth,  do 

Carey  dc  Harrison,  do 

Mapes  ic  Root,  do 

Bchoffdc  Butts,  do 

Rufus  King  dc  Co^  do 

A  O  Ellis,  do^ 

Casey  k  Fallon,  do 

C  Clement,  do 
do        Newspapers, 
d<i    dl|    Bheles  &  Densmore^  publishing^, 
do           do         Newspapera^] 


Olalm.   Allowedt 

6  60 

5  06 

5  05 

5  06 

5  05 

5  06 

5  06 

5  Ob 

5  06 

5  06 

5  06 

5  06 

5  06 

6  06 

11  80 

6  06 

5  06 

6  06 

1   06 

6  05 

6  06 

18  10 

6  06 

5  06 

6  06 

6  90 

6  06 

7  06 

5  06 

41  66 

6  06 

6  06 

6  30 

6  06 

6  06 

5  06 

6  06 

6   06 

0  48 

1»  54 

6  01^ 

9  46 

169 

6  05 

llO' 

87 

OEZf SRAL  TDin)* 

Qklm.         Allowed 

Ukteh  31,    BatU  &  West,  publishing,  4  40 

Briggs  &  Foster,  oewspapere,  185 
W  H  Gleason,  appraisal  of  capital  landi,       407  00<        387 

BF  Wilson,         do  do                372               162 

John  F  Wilson,    do  do                                   102 

Fratnej  <fe  Herzberg,  newspapers^  231 

8  M  Booth,               ,        do  454 

Rufus  King  A;  Co,             do  210  22 

Gould  (k  McLaughlin,        do  69  68 

W  E  Cramer,                   do  375 

Ap^    1,     Shoeffler  6s  Weadt,           do  347  57 

do      3,     Beriah  Boown,                   do  1^310  17 

J  D  Bejmert,                    do  926  76 

Carey  is  Harrison,              do  60 

Daniel  Shaw,    .                do  197  50 

B  C  Hull,                          do  100  50 

Blumfield  A;  Eopp,         'do  88  40 

do       4,    Bugh  k,  Nimmock,            do  84  50 

Hoyal  Buck,  publishing,  5  05 

do    10,    Cover  is  Gold<mitb,  newspapers^ 

John  N  Jones,  postage,  legislature,  2,314  77 

do         do        do     State  Offioen,  433  46 

-do     11,    R  J  Fleischer,    newspapers^  144  69 

H  D  Barron,            do  .  149  53" 

Bliss  is  Chaney,       do  17 

J  H  Wells,               do  35  50 

do    do              publishing,  5  05 

W  B  Shaver,             do  5  05 

Gust  Grahl,                do  4  65 

Robinson  is  Bro^        do  1  45 

^    17,    Ryan  is  Co.        newspapers,  68  70 

David  Atwood^          do  .934  10 

Geo  H  Paul,               do  59  35 

Robinson  is  Bro^        do  51  $6  ' 

Baker  &  Doty,           do  13  21^ 

Alden  is  Holt,           do  41  50^ 

Jerry  Crowley,           da  130  40 

D  C  Brown,               do  68  50 

Beeson  ds  Thomas,     do  tO 

F  J  Mills,                  do  57  50 

A  J  Ellis,             publishing,  5  05 

do    19,    Stevens  is  R<^;ei8,        do  5  05 

^     28,     John  A  Brown,           do  9  36 

do    23,    Bumside  <fe  Co,           do  6  05 

do    24,    AMarst^hner,    newspapei%  50 

Butts  is  Schuff,        do  66  25 


88 

Ckim.         Allowed, 

▲ptil  25,    Reed  <fe  Nevitt,  pabliahiDg,  5  05 

do    S8,     G  Orabi,  newspapers,  22  50 

do    81,    Bfifis  C  Ghaney,    paUiBhing,  9  30 

Cover  dp  Goldunithi     do  5  05 

J  A  Smith,                  do  9  45 

May     1,    J  B  Redfield,        newspapers,  5  55 

John  Walworth,         do        in.  1858,  3 

do          do               do  Y 

do*      4,    Bojal  Bnck,               do  80  08 

Miner  <fe  Skinner,        do                                  14  08  47  46 

Charles  Boesser,         do  §46 

do      5,    C  W  Fitch,              do  13 

0  J  Wright^               do  24 

do    15,    KB  Wentworth,        do  69  15 

Jane  27,    Hurd  <fe  Johnson,       do  1  75 

DanC  Brown,            do  11  45 

Su\y   14,    Joachim  <&  Co,  publishiDg,    '  5  05 

<  y  Kohlman,  newspapers,  48  04 

<  do    15,    R  A  Bird,          do  6  50 

R  W  Lansing,  paging  a&d  indeiing  I 

enrolled  kws,  <Sco  264 

John  N  Jones,  postage,  242  63 

>           Hnrd  <fe  Johnson,  publishing,  8  65  _ 
Aflgilsfc  4,    Shoeffler  &  Wendt^    do      for  legislature,     772  54        644  78^"^ 

do  do        do  1,267  62      1,012  10 

'  '                  do              do        do  15 

FFratnej,  do     for  legiihture,   1,267  62      1,012  10 

do  do  767  30        639  60 

do                         do  15 

Yoita  Napestek,  newspapers,  "TirBV 

do    12,    B  Brown,  printing  for         Bank  Comptroller,  .61  i40 

OttV  10,    Weed  &  Eberhard,  books  for  <lo          do  972 

.do      7,    John  N  Jones,  postage,  408  60 

tdo:   25,    Reed  <fe  Nevitt,  newspapers,  64  50 

Ifosr'f   29,    0  J  Wright,      publishing,  4  25 

Sspt'r  21,    Robinson  &  Bro,      do  8  65 

Oea  26,    J  M  Davidson,  safe  for  Bank  Comptroller^  1,135 

ido    20,    A  F  Pratt^  publishing,  36  25 

(  BOHOOL  FUJID. 

Jauoiky  4    James  H  Wells,  publishing,  18  20 

do           do          do  8  60 

'do      5    R  R  Rawson,  appraising,                           ,  111 

DRShailer,       do  111 

WO  Buck,       do  111 


89 

BOHOOIi  FDITD. 


Jtn'iy 

10 

0  H  Paul,         publishing; 
Jerry  Crowley,         do 

do 

11 

Joachim  A  Co,         do 

4o 

12 

H  D  Barron,            do 

do 

13 

E  C  Hull,                do 

do 

16 

D  C  Brown,             do 

d* 

21 

FJMilla,                do 

do 

25 

Seaton  <k  Paul,         do 

do 

28 

C  W  Pitch,              do 

do 

30 

Ryan  <Se  Co^              do 
Seed  dc  Neviti,         do 

Feb'nr « 

Stevens  <fe  Rogers,     do 

do 

7 

Qeo  Ghde,        appraising, 
D  M  West,          do 
Milton  Barlow,      do 

do 

8 

Schoeffler  <k  Wendt,  publiahisg, 

do 

10 

Charles  Roeoser,            do 
J  A  Hadley,                do 

V 

Winnebago  County,  balance  due  the  county 
on  old  appraisal, 

do 

12 

John  A  Brown,  publishing, 

do 

14 

P  D  Marshal],        appraising, 
H  Calkins,                  do 
J  Barnard,                    do 
A  S  Weston,               do 
A  Weston,                    do 
Indian  George,             do 

F«b'i7 

14 

H  P  Holmes^        appraising, 
W  White,                   do 
Asa  Lawrence,             do 

Ao 

16 

Qeo  W  Taggart,           do 

ao 

11 

Calemet  Co.  balance     do 

do 

18 

Fratney  A  Herzberg,  publishing. 

do 

22 

Stereos  <k  Rogers,          do 

Ifaich 

I 

Weed  &  Eberhard,  binding. 

do 

2 

B  Brfewn,  printing. 

do 

3 

H  D  Barron,        publishing, 
W  B  Shaver,             do 

do 

8 

Wm  E  Cramer,          do 
E  Beeson,                  do 
A  Stellis,                   do 

do 

10 

Robinson  <fe  Bra,        do 

do 

24 

A  Whittemore  i  Co^  binding, 

D  M  Seaver,  platting  and  re^rdiog  appraisal 

da 

90 

Weed  <fe  Eberhard,  binding, 

¥•7* 

Royal  Buck,  pabliahing^ 

Oklin,         AJkmH 


U  M 


40 


7 

6 

» 

16  26 

8  10 

8 

18  70 

17  80 

6  SO 

9  68 

14  80 

10  80 

15 

20 

15 

8  00 

7  00 

9  20 

168  26 

8 

60 

92  60 

76 

12  50 

7  60 

9 

25  60 

43  50 

78 

216 

581  12 

25  90 

6 

44 

S92  40 

8  65 

4 

97  85 

9  60 

7  20 

3  60 

25 

163  89 

77 

12  M 

40 


SCHOOL  FUND. 


June     29 

do     80 

fleptV  21 

^o     25 
do     80 


Beriah  Brown,  pHntiog  blanks, 
BrowD  county,  balance  appraising, 
W  W  WillDrd,  selecting  land, 
Jas  Murdock,        do        do 
Beriah  Brown,        printing, 


Wm  E  McMichael, '  do" 

Jerry  Crowley,  do 

BFWilsod,  do 

E  C  Hull,  do 

Cover  A  Harrison,  do 

Ryan  &  Co,  do 

8  W  Smith  &  Co,  do 

Wm  C  Rogers  &  Co,  do 

Jacob  QuintUB,  do 

Weed  <k  Eberhard,  do 

S  Fields,  do 

Henry  0  Neall,  do 

Peter  Little,  do 

Benj  Allen,  do 

Cyrus  A  Allen,  do 

James  Porter,  do 

B  F  Hicks,  do 

Hiram  Calkins,  do 

Joseph  Barnard,  do 

P  D  Marshall,  do 

Hiram  Calkins,  do 

Wm  C  McMichael,  do 
•ept'r   80  "^ACHolt^                printing, 

D  C  Brown,  do 

J  Dartt,  do 

John  A  Brown,  do 

Hnrd  &  Johnson,  do 

Edward  Lees,  do 

Dee.      9    Robinson  <fe  Bro,  publishing, 

do      7     Sam'l  Ryan,  do 

4o     15    Thomas  <lc  Reed,  do 

A  C  Holt,  do 

KoT.    80    OJWriffht^  do 

Gray  &  Nimmooks,  do 

Wm  C  Rogers,  do 

Stoat  &  Tenney,  do 

R  L  Gore^  do 

Beriah  Brown,  do 

SCHOOL  FUND  HfTOOIiIE. 

March  11  D  M  Shaver,  platting  &  recordlDg  appraisali 
do    24  OhasGMajersy  do  do  do 


Claim.         Allowed. 

645 
136  50 
182 
141 
320 
18  IS 
42  IS 
315 
1   25 
4  25 
4  25 
55  26 
48  75 
8  25 
1,564  50 
162  50 
10 
80 
262  50 
157  50 
142  50 
15 
85 
55 
85 
81 

18  75 
i   25 
81  25 
31 

10  00 
18  80 
480 
10 
4 


10  25 


25 

8  75 

5  20 

14  75 

17  25 


45 
25 
25 


107  50 

S66de 
241  50 


41 


TmiVSUSITT  ruiTD. 


April  22  LorenjBO  FreBton,  appraising, 

0  T  Overton,  do 

KoY.  6     Weed  &  Eberhard,  binding,  &c., 


15 
20 
28 


xzFsarssB. 


The  expenses  of  the  State  on  account  of  the  General  Fand  bj 
Yirtne  of  permanent  provisions  of  law  for  appropriation's  of  the  Leg- 
islature, and  accounts  audited  durixKg  the  fiscal  year  ending  this 
daj,  are  as  follows. 

The  first  column  shows  the  amount  of  such  liabilities  for  1854. 
The  second  for  other  years,  and  the  third  the  total  amount 
thereof. 


mind  InatUuie, 

Appropriation^. 

CvpUolLandi, 

Aocouo ts  Audited^ 

Ocnlingent  Expenaen. 

Permaoeot  ApproprUtioaa... 

Appropriatioo8k 

AccoanU  Audited^ 

lUaf  and  Dumb. 

Approprimtion, 

DocuiMnUry  SMorg, 

Apprcfpriatioa. 

SmigrarU  Agemsff, 

Permanent  Appropriation,.. 
€Mogieal  Smvey, 

Pennanent  AppropriatioBa,.. 
impMeAmmt  Trim. 

Appropriationa» 

Aeoonnta  Aaditad,. 

LtguiaHve  JBxperuet. 

Permanent  Appropriation^.. 

Appropriation% 

Acceanta  Audited^^ 

Ijumatie  Asgium. 

Appropriation^ 

Printinff, 

Appropriationa, 

Aeeonnta  Anditod^ 

PMUking. 

Appropriadont,. 

Aeeonnts  Aoditad. 

Salaries. 

Permanent  Ai^m>piiatieii%. . 
Byline  LaiuU. 

Appropriationfl, 

6 


9,500 

6,000 

341 

IdOO 
15,134  70 

i;»6 

9314  68 
13 

6,500 

3,500 

800 

400 

3,800 

2,500 

9^71  11 
85  30 

38.356  30 
36,375  30 
13.673  19 

59  60 

537  83 

73  50 

15.000 

16  40 

5,947  64 

871  65 

31 

96^17 

445 

15,500 
341 

37.397  38 
9,000 
1;900 
%800 

3,500 

9,456  41 

77,974  73 
15,000 

6^009  04 

903  65 
36^004  17 
44S 


42 


8taU  AffrieuUural  Soeidjf. 

Appropiiation^. 

StaU  ffittorical  Society, 

Permanent  Apmx>pmtion,.. 
aUOeLoan, 

Interest,- 

State  Pruon. 

Appropriations^. .  ^ 
State  Pruoner.y, 

State  Jdoade. 

Appropriations^ •••... 

Stationenf, 

Appropri«tionR 

Traveling  JEmigrafd  Agency. 

Appropriation, 

Wieeonsin  Tcrriiuiry, 

Appropriations,. 

Supreme  Court  Reporter, 

Permanent  Appropriation, . 


a^ooo 

500 

35,000 


583  33 


1,875 

7,500 
7,603  08 
3^58  06 

317 
illl  91 
1,350 
9^163  39 


f63,696  03 


4,875 

ftOO 
7,500 
42,603  08 
3,058  06 

317 
4411  91 
1^0 
9,963  38 

583  33 


1264,699  07 


f200.996  04 

The  expenses  of  the  State  Govermnent  for  each  year  from  ita 
organization  to  the  present  time  are  shown  in  the  Statement  here- 
with marked  "  B." 

EXPENDITUBE8. 

The  expenditures  from  the  State  Treasury  during  the  fiscal  year, 
on  account  of  all  of  the  funds  hare  already  been  shown  in  the 
statements  of  the  dilSerent  funds. 

Herewith,  marked  ^^D,"  will  be  found  detailed  estimates  of  ex- 
penses to  be  defrayed  from  the  treasury  daring  the  ensuing  year, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  the  sum  of  $258,059  52,  which 
may  be  embraced  under  the  following  heads,  to  wit : 

Salaries,  .....       Sa,660 

Permanent  Appropriations,  -  •  8,200 

Legislative  Expenses,  -  -        *    -        27,026 

Miscellaneous,        .  .  •  .  162,138 

SKVKN  UKB'. 

The  revenues  of  the  State  applicable  to  the  payment  of  liabili- 
ties  and  expenses  during  the  ensuing  year  are  as  follows : 
Arrearages  due  from  Banks,         -  -  8,706  25 

<<        ^'        "   Counties  as  per  statement 
herewith  marked  ^'E**  •  -         15,078  16 

Ditto  dae  from  Clerks  of  Courts  aa  per 

itatementherewith  marked  "A''  -      1,817  50 


4» 


Iowa  Oonaty  Ord9is> 

800  00 

Tax  on  Snita,  ettimatod 

-     1,400  00 

State  Tax  of  1854,  as  per  statement 

herewith  marked  "F" 

225,000  00 

Bank  Tax,                  estimated 

-     80,000  00 

Hawkers  and  Pedlars,        " 

2,000  00 

Kail  Eoad  Tax,                  " 

-       8,000  00 

Plank  Eoad  «                    " 

1,000  00 

Canal  Land  Mortgages      " 

•       1,000  00 

$288,826  91 

By  reference  to  the  estiinated  expense  of  the  State  for  the  year 
1855  as  before  shown,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  above  estimate  of 
Kevenue  exceeds  that  of  Expenses,  by  the  sum  of  $35,767  89. 

EQUALIZATION  OF  STATE  TAX. 

in  pBTsuance  of  the  Abt  of  the  Legtslatnre  approred  April  1 
1854,  the  State  Board  of  Eqaalizieition  assembled  at  the  Oapitol  on 
tibie  third  Monday  of  September: 

Present,  the  Goremor,  Lient.  Q-ovemor,  Secretary  of  State, 
State  Treasurer,  Attorney  General,  and  State  Snperintendent 

On  the  2l8t  an  eqtiallization  was  established,  a  statement  of 
which  will  be  found  in  tabular  form  in  the  document  annexed' 
marked 'T". 

The  board  were  somewhat  eml^^rrassed  in  their  efforts  to  arriye 
a|;  an  eq[aitable  apportionment  of  the  tax  to  the  several  countieSj^ 
from  a  failure  on  the,  part  of  about  one  half  of  them  to  make  the. 
retains  required  by  the  Act  Xaking  the  imperfect  returns  of 
previous  years,  and  such  as  were  made  for  the  present  year,  (the 
latter  not  all  made  in  conformity  with  law,)  as  the  basis  of  their 
action,  they  were  obliged  to  draw  more  largely  than  they  desired 
upon  the  discretion  allowed  them ;  and  from  these  and  ^^the  best 
Bourcea  of  information  within  their  reach,"  an  apportionment  was 
determined  which  if  not  strictly  just  to  all  the  counties,  they  hope 
is  aa  nearly  so  as  circumstancea  would  permit 


No  proTision  is  made  by  the  Act  for  enforcing  returns  firom 
Town,  Village,  and  City  Assessors,  and  it  is  respectfully  suggested 
that  it  be  amended  in  tliat  particular. 

Heretofore,  propositions  have  been  under  consideration  in  the 
Legislature,  having  in  view  the  adoption  of  a  system  of  assess- 
ment, by  which  valuations  more  nearly  approaching  the  full  cash 
value  of  property  assessed  might  be  obtained;  but  no  definite 
action  in  this  respect  has  as  yet  been  had.  Could  the  Board  of 
Equalization  have  the  advantage  of  complete  returns  from  the 
Counties,  exhibiting  fair  valuations  of  property,  the  apportion- 
ment of  the  State  tax  would  require  little  or  no  exercise  of  dis* 
cretionary  power,  and  the  purposes  of  the  Act  referred  to  would 
be  as  fully  attained  as  possible. 

PUBLIC  PRUmNG. 

Advertisements  "for  sealedproposals  for  doing  at  the  seat  of  Qor- 
ehiment  all  printing  authorized  and  required  by  the  Legislature 
for  their  use,  or  for  the  State  in  all  the  several  departments  there- 
of," having  been  duly  made  according  to  law,  on  the  2d  day  of  July 
last,  the  bids  received,  were  opened  in  the  presence  of  the  Got* 
emor  and  the  Attorney  General.  After  consideration,  on  the  6th 
day  of  July,  James  Densmore,  of  Eenosha,  was  decided  by  the 
Secretary  to  be  the  lowest  and  best  bidder,  and  the  contract  was 
accordingly  awarded  to  said  Densmore,  who  was  immediately  no- 
tified to  that  effect.  From  this  decision,  another  of  the  bidders, 
Beriah  Brown,  took  an  appeal  under  section  24,  of  the  Act  of  1852, 
l^lating  to  printing,  to  the  GK)vernor,  State  Treasurer  and  Attorney 
General,  who  after  review  and  examination  of  the  bids,  decided 
the  appeal  in  his  favor.  The  grounds  upon  which  their  decision 
is  based,  will  be  found  stated  at  length  in  a  communication  to  this- 
office,  a  copy  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  Appendix  to  this 
report,  marked  "  G.'' 

The  contract  having  been  awarded  to  Mr.  Brown,  he  executed 
the  bond  required  by  law,  "  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  du- 
ties assigned  him,"  which  bond,  having  been  approved  by  the 
Governor,  is  now  on  file  in  this  office. 


45 

An  abstract  of  the  eeyeral  bids  is  hereto  annexed,  marked  ^'H. " 

Section  8,  of  the  Act  of  iy52,  before  referred  to,  provides  for 
the  form  of  the  advertisement  for  proposals,  stating  in  detail  the 
specifications  to  be  required.  This  section  was  amended  by  chap- 
ter 48  of  the  laws  of  last  session,  but  the  language  of  the  amend- 
ment is  ambignous,  and  has  occasioned  difficulty  to  bidders. 

The  specifications  required  to  be  made,  should  be  more  distinct- 
ly stated,  in  order  that  forms  of  bids  may  be  framed  without  the 
aid  of  any  arbitrary  construction. 

An  Act  of  the  laat  legislature  for  the  publication  of  the  general 
laws,  approved  on  the  let  day  of  April,  required  their  publication, 
if  at  all,  within  two  months  from  the  adjournment  of  the  legisla- 
ture. The  price  for  such  publication  being  fixed  in  the  Act  at  the 
sum  of  thirty  dollars — a  compensation  absurdlv  inadequate  for  the 
printing  of  between  five  and  six  hundred  folios  of  matter — ^a  cii- 
calar  was  addressed,  immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the 
legislature  to  the  several  newspaper  publishers  of  the  State,  stating 
the  amount  of  matter  to  be  published,  and  the  compensation,  to 
ascertain  if  any  would  undertake  the  work  on  the  terms  prescribed 
Answers  were  received  at  this  office  from  about  one  third  of  the 
number  of  publishers  in  the  State,  of  which  proportion  a  majority 
rejected  the  proposition.  Had  the  Act  referred  to  been  passed  at 
an  early  period  of  the  session,  the  copy  of  laws  could  been  fur- 
nished in  time  to  complete  tiie  publication  within  two  months  from 
the  adjoamment«  After  waiting  a  sufficient  time  for  replies  from 
publishers,  there  remained  leds  than  six  weeks  for  the  performance 
of  the  work  by  such  as  accepted.  Under  the  circumstances  the 
copy  could  not  be  prepared  and  forwarded,  and  the  publication 
completed  within  the  time  prescribed  in  the  Act,  at  least  not  with- 
out incurring  much  extra  expense  at  this  offii^e,  to  supply  even 
tiie  limited  number  that  accepted  the  proposition  of  the  legisla- 
ture ;  andas  only  a  very  partial  publication  would  be  effected,  it 
was  thought  proper  not  to  fumidi  the  copy  to  any. 


46 

BXJXmOKS. 

During  the  year  elections  for  Jadge  have  been  held  in  the  Third, 
Seventh,  Eighth  and  2iinth  Judicial  Circuits,  and  in  the  several 
Congressional  Districts,  for  Bepresentatives  in  Congress,  The 
qnestion  of  amending  the  constitution,  according  to  the  Act  of 
1853,  was  duly  submitted  to  thie  people  at  the  November  electioo. 

In  the  third  Judicial  Circuit,  Charles  H.  Larrabee  was  elected 
Judge.  ' 

In  the  seventh,  George  W.  Oate. 

In  the  eighth,  S.  S.  K  Fuller. 

In  the  ninth,  Alexander  L.  Collins. 

In  the  first  Oongressioxial  District,  Danid  Wells,  Jr.,  was  elect- 
ed Representative. 

In  the  second,  Oadwallader  C.  Washburn. 

In  the  third,  Charles  Biilinghurst. 
'    The  vote  upon  the  subject  of  ^tmending  the  constitution,  will  be 
found  in  a  tabular  statement  hereto  annexed,  and  marked  "I." 

The  propriety  of  providing  for  the  publication  of  the  eleoiioii 
laws  in  pamphlet  form,  and  for  the  preparation  of  Blank  foribs  for 
the  guidance  of  inspectors  and  clerks  of  election,  is  respectfully 
submitted. 

Many  irregularities  and  informalities  occur  at  every  eledaoo, 
which  might  be  avoided  were  such  provision  made,  and  the  eH- 
pense  would  be  inconsiderable  in  view  of  the  order,  regularity, 
titii  certainty  in  conducting  and  making  returns  of  election  which 
would  thus  in  a  great  degree  be  insured. 

The  preparation  for  such  a  publication  oould  be  easily  made  in 
this  office,  and  the  pamphlets  containing  the  matter  suggested^  dis- 
tributed to  the  several  towtis  and  wards  of  the  State. 

NEWSPAPEES. 

The  attention  of  the  Legislature  is  requested,  to  the  matter  of 
expenditure  for  newspapers.  The  entire  amount  expended,  as  e!s- 
hibited  in  accounts  audited,  for  newspapers  furnished  the  ladt 
Legislature  is  $6^071  32.    The  consequent  expense  d  postage  is 


4r 

estimated  at  $4)124  78,  making  in  all  an  amount  of  $10,196  00 
expended,  cliai*geable  to  the  newspaper  account.  The  ezpendi-* 
tures  of  the  last  Legislature  in  this  particular,  are  not  cited  as 
more  remarkable  than  those  of  its  predecessors,  but  because  of 
their  being  more  readily  ascertained.  A  practice  which  com- 
menced  under  our  Territorial  Government  has  been  continued  from 
year  to  year,  and  with  the  increase  in  the  number  of  members  of 
the  Assembly  and  Senate  has  become  the  source  of  a  very  consid- 
erable item  in  our  State  expense. 

UrSITKiNOE  OOICPANIES. 

"An  Act  to  provide  for  the  incorporation  of  Insurance  Compa- 
nies," approved  February  9,  1850,  requires  in  section  7,  that  any 
company  incorporated  by  other  States,  before  taking  risks  or  trans- 
acting any  business  of  insurance  in  this  State,  shall  file  a  statement 
with  the  Secretary  of  State,  under  oath  of  the  President  and  Sec- 
retary of  the  company,  showing  the  amount  of  its  capital,  the 
manner,  in  detail,  of  its  investment,  and  whether  such  capital  is 
unpaid  or  not,  and  if  unpaid,  how  much,  and  if  there  is  satisfacto- 
ry evidence  of  the  solvency  of  the  company,  then  a  certificate  of 
authority  is  to  be  issued  from  this  oflice,  to  the  agent  filing  the 
statement,  to  take  risks.  A  like  statement  is  to  be  filed  annually, 
and  a  like  certificate  of  license  to  be  procure(f,  in  the  month  of 
January  in  each  year. 

These  provisions  have  been  almost  entirely  disregarded,  and  In- 
surance Comrapanies  organized  under  the  laws  of  other  states  are 
daily  issuing  policies  in  this  State,  without  authority  of  law. 

The  subject  is  one  which  seems  to  demand  the  attention  of  the 
Legislature,  and  the  passage  of  an  act  amendatory  of  the  act  of 
1850,  providing  more  stringent  regulations  and  also  Euitable  pen- 
alties for  the  government  of  the  business  of  insurance,  so  far  as  it 
relates  to  foreign  companies.  There  may  be  also  further  provision 
required  for  the  regulation  of  Insurance  Companies  organized  in 
our  own  State,  and  the  whole  subject  is  suggested  as  proper  for 
your  consideration. 


4B 

BBOIBTBATlbN  OF  3IABBUOSCk 

The  act  upon  the  rfbove  sabject^  approved  in  1852,  is  a  dead  let- 
ter; and  it  might  be  well  for  the  Legislature  to  consider  whether 
it  should  not  be  repealed.  The  Eegistration  provided  for  by  might 
be  just  as  well  kept  in  the  countj  offices,  and  there  does  notseem 
to  be  any  neccessity  for  encumbering  the  files  of  this  office  with 
Hie  great  number  of  documents  which  would  annually  accumulatei 
were  there  a  strict  conformity  to  the  act. 

'  All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

ALEXANDER  T.  GRAY, 

Secretary  of  Stflib*- 


APPEND.IX, 


«A  " 


An  Abstracfc' showing  the  Acoonnts  of  the  several  ClerkB  of  the 
Circuit  Court  pt  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  December,  80,'  1864. 

.  LATE  CLKBK3.  Dr.  Or. 


J.  Arnrtld 

Columbia  • 

$9  00 

H.  Baldwin 

Or«wft>rd 

47. 00 

S.  G.  Bngh>  • 

LaFay«tt« 

44  00 

Joseph  'Bowron 
W.  H.  Besiy 

St.  Cjfoix  ! 

«1  00 

Jeffencm 

U  00. 

•>"  E.B.  Clark 

PortMpe    '■ 

<■•  -R.  P.  Clement 

e««fc     .' 

2  00 

W.  M.  Dennis 

Dodge 

19  00 

F.  D.  Hawes 

Marquette 

la.ooi 

1 ..  "Obas.  R.  Hollenbeck 

Rock 

so  00 

-  -    W.  Johnson 

Marquette 

8  00 

■   iD<  Jolinaon     •  >  " 

Jackson 

19  00 

0.  R.  Knight 
..^..  David  F.Kia^JtU... 

St.Djtoix 

20  00 

.Roc^, 

,     8  00 

John  Last 

Browui   , 

.25  00 

.     .  Henry  Merrill 
i      ,<3t.  W.  MitoheU 

Columbia 

3  00 

Porti^e       .    . 

3  00 

H.  F.  Pelton 

Jefferson 

128  00 

i      1.  a  Parker, 

Racipe'     ;, 

•  '   98  00 

i  '   Cl\d3.  A.  JJeht*r 

Manitowoc 

TOO, 

J.  0.  Jqttires 

.  Grant  .. 

4  00 

•       '      'P.'P.Snlith 

Manitowoc  • 

10  00 

'     16..B.  Tliomas      " 

CrAwford 

9  00 

H.:K.  White    . 

iiilwaoikete 

102  00 

;■    I,^thu«l  Yi[hite 

Waukesha 

1  00 

I'RBBKMT'OLBBES. 

.     E-  U.  Baldwin 

Winnebago ,  , , 

181  «0 

A.  W.  D^Ianey  ' 

Columbia! 

;      «1VQ0 

J.  J  T>rijrg»             1 

F(i«id.dn  Lac 

.     "D  "•Der  mey 

Jfarqnette 

91  00 

i-    H-livjUge;-  ■■    •-  r, ; 

Bt.Cwx    „  ,-, 

,        8  00 

H.  S.  Egglesion 
7 

Outagamie 

ip  00 


n/. 


'M 
.,•1 

-  II 


64: 00, 


11  0« 


50 


FBK8ENT  CLERKS. 

A.  H  Edwards 
Isaac  Freeland 
Cbas.  Qruning 
J.  Hutchinson 
N.  W.  Kendall 
D.  W.  Kyle 
M.  Keenan 
S  G.  Knight 
C.  Lum 
P.  Loqney 
W.  0.  McMichael 
George  Merlins 
John  Mchols 
N.  Phelps 
Wm.  H.  Pettit 
John  Stumpf 
A.  B.  Slaughter 
L.  F.  Towsiey 
P.  Toland 
F.  Ulbricli 

Total 
Balance  due 


Sheboygan 

Polk 

Calumet 

Iowa 

Grant 
La  Fayette 
'Milwaukee 
Eacine 
Dane 
La  Cross 
BadAj( 
Sauk 
Eock 
Green 
Walworth 
P(»rtage 
Sicbland 
Ozaukee 
TVasbington 
Manitowoc 


Dr. 

18  50 
4  00 
22  00 
80  00 
61  00 
102  00 
13  00 
45  00 
.7  00 
33  QO 
12  00 
11  00 

102  00 
114  00 

40  00 
&  00 

24  00 


Cr. 


201  00 


6  00 
S  00 


$16SS  50 

$183T  50 


«B." 


$1632  50    $16S2  60 


An  abstract  of  the  expenses  of  the  State  Government  from  its  or- 
ganization up  to  the  year  1864. 


Blinds 

Contingeot  EzpfDtee. 


Deaf  and  DumI 
DoeumeutZTj  HUiory. 

EmigraDi  Agencjr^ 

Geological  Surv  ^^ 

ImpeBchroent  Tnal . . 

L«gialatiTa  Kxpeoses 1 

PriDtingand  Fubllshing.. 

Salaries 

Stata  Agricultural  Society 

StaUPnaoD - 

Stata  PriiK>Der&^....f.... 
State  and  Saline  Lands.. 

WiScMietn  Territorj 

Stationery .•».*«... 

^■■.    <  > 


1848-9. 


5,874  29 


53.339  54 

7,716  85 

18,116  53 


1,790  61 
1,914  75 
3339  55 
1,999  19 


94.071  31 


1850. 


1,823  47 
26,130  26 


14.372 
8.793  44 
13.592  33 


2319  27 
1.113  38 
2^12  39 
1.2X8  84 


1851. 


5,000 
23,063  49 


J  l85a 


35,988  27 
10J45  33 
15,068  56 


5,000 
4,042  71 

834 
11.023  15 


4,500 
14.502  09 
3.508 
1,000 
3,800 


45^06  88 
10.907  10 
15,772  21 

50Q 

16,389  $0 

4,340  01 

14 

1,987  56 

854^ 


2.500 
18,965  15 

1500 

1,200 

5.300 

2.5QP 

2.704  10 
67.353  49 
li^,3]0  03 
23.491 

1,000 
13.250 

1,783  05 


('3,043  76 


71.675  38  1 112,420  80|  123,474  06  163,910  58| 


51. 

Estimate  of  the  expemea  of  the  State  for  the  year  1854  for  which 
no  jprovieion  has  been  mrtde.  ■  '  ' 

J.  P.  Birchard  for  furniture        -        -        -       1,«00      " 
Documentary  History         -.       *        •        -     13^000      i 


J.  M.  B.  Davidson  safe  for  Governor 
State  Printer,  Laws  and  Journals 
Sundry  Accounts  for  Statloiiery 
Sundry  accounts 
Clerk  nire 


1,135 
3,000 
1,500 
IJOOO 
2,000 


Welstead,  Hays,  Hanks  &  Whiting,  engraving     110  80 

^  23,045r80 

Estimate  of  Eepenses  to  he  defrayed  from  the  Troasury  for  the 
year  1855.  ^ 

1.  Salabibs.  i 


Governor 

1,260 

Private  Secretary 

1,000 

Secretary  "of  State 

1,200 

Assistant        do 

1,000 

State  Treasurer 

800 

Assistant  do 

1,000 

Attorney  General 

800 

State  Superintendent 

1,000.  - 

Assistant        do" 

800     , 

Oomptroller 

2,000     , 

Deputy  do 

1,000    ' 

Librariiln 

1,000 

9  Jii4ges  Circuit  Court  at  $1,500 

13,500: 

3  Justices  Supreme  Court  at  $2,0Q0 

6,000 

Adjutent  General 

300 

S3,950  00     I 

2.  PEKUANEifrr  Afpbopbiatxohb. 

' 

Contingent  Expenses  of  Governor's  Office 

600    - 

Traveling  expenses  of  State  Superintendent, 

«00 

Oeoloaieal  Survey 
State  Historical  Society 

8,500     ' 

600 

SupjFemo  Court  Beporter 
State  Agricultural  Society 

1,000     . 

3,000 

8,200 


S2 

3.   LbGISLYTIVE  EXPEKSES. 

Chief  Clerks  of  each  House  $1,600   .  .  8,200 

Mileage  by  Estimate  .  ;.     1,900'    < 

Per  diem  of  107  members  60  days  "'. »  .  •    13,335, ;  ^ ' 

Presid/ent  of  the  Senate/      .  .  .   ,    ,     ■  j  .    -^       ^^;.-i 
Speaker,,  Speaker  pro  tem  of  tbftvA^QmUy      . 
and  President  pro  tem  of  the  Senate    *     '        876' 


*     '         '   "  ' 19,025 

The  payment  of  the  foregoing  is  provided  for  by  permanent  ap- 
propropriations.  ' 

Postage  Estimated  at      '    l^OOOi    •   v 

Incidental  Printing  do  5,000 

Stationery  for  next  Legislature        do  S,000     ' 


•.     i  ...  §,009    A. 

••   .      .r      < 

<     ■.[  4.  MlBCKLLAWEOUS.  'i       .'•      • 

Stationery  for  Offices  '  .  .ii- ^  2,000     *- 

Contingent  expenses  and  repairs  ''        10,000     " 

Institute  for  the  Blind  1854  '  fififlO..  i  ] 

Do '    lestimated  for  support  for  1856  :4,0d0> '  "i 

Do     hr  the  Deaf  &  pumh'appfh  1834^  ^    2,500     ' 
Do/  'estimate  for  1^65 "  ''   '  "'^^  ''    "" '  "'^4,000''  ; 
Interest  on  State  Loan  7,600 

Lnndtic  AsJ^lum  20,000 

Postage        .   '  ,   ".       :.  .;.     ,  ..    .      '.  1,000 

State-Prison     '-i-''^---   'v/.    i'»*-...     ,.  ',.'^        -    ^i:    ; 

Indeh^edness  for  Prisonei'S  •.  .   , , .  ^    ,  ;17,13i8,  X2 

A  South  Wing         '  •  • ;'         >•    rrS^OOO!.  " 

i)upport' for  1865  '        :  .'  '        '10;000\., 

.    L.'  162,138  72 


^3 


BBaAfIXDIiA.TIQB. 


Sakries                    ^  32,86000 

PefhianentAppropriations,  8^200  00 

Legislative  Expenses,  >       19,025  00 

Mucellaneous,  '"'    ,     163,138  72 


Total,  ,  'I     230,013  72 

^Estimate  Tnark*d  «0"  '     ':  23,045  80 


253,059  52 


•«E." 


Abstract  6/  a/rrearagea  due  from 

Counfies,  D«eember  30, 1854. 

Breiyn  Oounty- 

1,116  14 

lowa 

.       ;  •                521  33 

Kewaunee 

822  12 

-  La  Gix)38e  ..:,:; 

;            289.73 

La  i'ayette        ■  '  ■        '- 

i,7ia  36 

LaPoiate 

25  48 

-    Marathon 

,     '   .                  •  1,066  88 

-    Hpwauke©  "  -  '-^ 

;    .-         .               4,418  63 

■  Oconto               .        . 

.    '    ■     V      i     :-     779-74 

•  Onta^amie '       r .  f; 

I    ':     i     "               1,445  87 

•  .    Ozaukee"                 -■'  "    . 

;     ;     i     ".                   253  03 

Pierqe 

.*~              ■  165  70 

i.  -    .Portagel  '       .  _  -  .  .- . 

'  ■                        -  1,485  68 

. .  jstrcroix  .  .,,.-. ._ : .  -.  ■ 

I ;._         .:   ^  672  99 

:.,-  ;Stfiik-  •  :  '.'■'-"■  -'■  '■"  ■  '"■ 

'■.    ■  -'  -    ,      '    -352  18 

':    -Wat^aeca    .;/-.-; 

1       ■      :.  ■          •    '  202  84 

■'■■,;.  ■.■Wavtsharii ;.  •  _     ■;.-•''■ 

•       i.     .            _  :  196  66 

Winnebago  . 

---'■■■      ''        .40.    • 

Total  :    i  •  $16,073  16 


54 


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58 

tte  bid  is  resorted  to,  to  know  what  are  the  conditions  of  the  bond 
' — for  the  bid  is  the  basis  of  the  bond. 

If  then  Mr.  Densmore  should  refuse  to  bind,  fold,  or  stitch  auy 
document,  law  or  pamphlet,  would  tlie  State  have  any  remedy  on 
his  bond  ?  '  "We  think  not.  He  might  reply,  "I  bid  and  bound 
myself  to  fold,  stitch,  bind,  and  cover,  &c.,  according  to  the  re- 
quirements of  law  for  each  volume,  document,  or  piece  2  cents, 
but  at  the  time  of  making  the  bid,  there  was  no  law  requiring 
laws  or  pamphlets  to  be, folded,  stitched  or  covered."  Thi«  we 
believe  would  be  a  good  defence  to  the  bond.  Thus  it.  is  clear 
that  whether  to  bind  or  cover,  or  even  to  stitch  or  fold  any  vol- 
ume, document  or  piece  would  be  left  entirely  to  his  discretion, 
under  his  bid,  and  we  cannot  think  that  such  was  the  intention  of 
'  the  law,  or  that  we  would  be  doing  right  to  leave  so  imperfect  a 
inatter  to  the  discretion  of  a  public  printer. 

The  law  has  provided  in  what  terms  the  bid  should  be  made, 
and  that  the  successful  bidder  should  give  a  bond  to  do  the  work 
according  to  bis  bid.  If  the  bid  is  not  in  compliance  with  the  law, 
it  is  in  contemplation  of  law  no  bid,  and  a  bond  execuled  upon 
5uch  bid  would  not  secare  to  the  State  a  faithful  perfi>rxiiance:of 
the  public  printing. 

Mr.  Brown's  bid  is  specific  and  certain.    The  bond  he  is  to  give 
will  bind  him  to  execute  the  work  according  to  his  bid,  and  -if  he 
should  fail  to  do  so,  the  State  will  have  a  complete  remedy  on  Ma 
"bond. 

We  come  now  to  consider  the  two  bids  of  Mr.  Brown  and  Mr. 
.Densmore,  as  if  there  was  no  objection  to  the  foroLof  either,  and 
.tp  dispover  which  of  the  two  is  the  lower.    To  this  end  we  insert 
.  1^  OQpy  rof  each. 


Composition,  15  cents  per  thousand  ^ms.  Pl^ess  work,  16  tefOka 
per  token.  Paper,  18  by  24  inches  in  size,  of  the  quality  of  the 
gamples  in  the  Secretary's  6flice,  16  cents  per  quire.  All  other 
paper  used  in  incidental  printing,  15  cents  per  quire.  ^  Fol^iig 


59 

'and  stitching,  50  cents  per  10{X  Binding  in  pasteboard  covers, 
with  sheep  corners  and  backs,  15  cents  per  volume.  Blanks,  50 
;Qaot8  per  quire. 

DENSMOKK's  BID. 

Composition  a  thousand,  fifteen  cents.  Press  work  a  token, 
eighteen  cents.  Folding,  stitching,  binding,  covering,  &c.,  accord- 
ibg  to  the  reqilirements  Of  law,  for  each  volume,  documemt  or 
piece,  two  cents:  Paper,  (qnality  corresponding  to  the  specltica- 
tions  on  file)  eighteen  by  twenty 'four  inches  in  size,  a  quire,  fifteen 
.owtfi.    Blimks  A  qoirey  twenty  cants. 

For  the  purpose  of  the  ezami^ation,  we  will  adopt  the  estimate 
of  printing  made  by  the.  Secretaiy  of  State,  wh^n  the  ca^e  w^ 
befoire  him,  adding  only  such  items  as  he  has  omitted^  apid  su)qh 
<ithfir&  |l^  the  law  has  added. 

Estimate  and  figmres  made  by  the  Secretary  on  Mr.  Brown's  bid: 

Composition             13,103  Ems,        IScts;  1,465  30 

Press  Work               6,130  Tokens     16  do  019  M 

Paper                        29,542  Quires     16  do  4,431  30 

Covering  100,000  Copies     50  do  per  100  500  00 

Binding                   14,500  Yolnn^^slS  do  2,175  00 

Blanks                          750  Quires  375  00 

'  |il0,356  10 

Estimate  and  figures  on  Mr.  Densmore's  bid. 

Composition  18,102  Ems  '  15  cts  $1,965  80 

Press  Work  6,130  Tokens  18  do  1,103  40 

Paper  29,542  Quires  16  do  4,43180 

-  Covering  100,000  3  do  3,000  00 

.  Binding  14,500  2  do  2^0  00 

Blanks  760  Qufres  3  do  160  00 


.  $9,940  PO 
ItwiVbeseen  that,  ^  Secretary  by  this  estimate  makes  3i(r. 
Densmore's  bill  $416  10  less  than  Mr.  Brown's.  The  bids  are  t)ie 
flame  as  to  composition  and  paper.  Mr.,  Brown's  is  $183  90  less 
onPres*  Work,,  and  fifteen  hnnclred  doU^  less  on  the  item  of 
'^covering."  On  the  item  of  ^Tjinding,"  Mr.^  Densmore's  bid  is  $290, 
and  Mr.  BrowH^s  $2',175,  and  If  the  laws  and  journals  should  be 


covered  with  paper  as  heretofore^  Mr.  Browa'fl  bid  would  b^.  near- 
ly two  thousand  dollars  lower. 

The  estimate  of  work  and  the  calculation  made  by  the  Secretary 
of  State  are  based  on  the  amount  of  work  done  during  the  last 
year,  and  he  has  omitted  entirely  the  item  of  bills /urniehed  for  the 
two  houses  of  the  J^Qgislature,  most  of  which  ar^  to  be  folded,  and 
many  folded  and  stitched,  for  which  Mr.  Pensmore's  bid  would  give 
him  two  cents  a  piece,  while  Mr.  Brown's  would  give  50  cta^  per 
100  or  one  half  cent  a  piece. 

Last  winter  there  were  oho  htmdred  and  seventy-four  printed 
bills  introduced  into  both  branches  of  the  Legislature,  and  250 
copies  of  each  bill  ordered.  This  would  make  43,600  piecefe  for 
the  folding  and  stitching  of  which  Mr.  Densmore  would  receive 
two  cents  a  piece,  and  this  item  alone  would  add  to  his  bill  $8T©, 
and  only  8217  50  to  Mr;  Brown's,  leaving  a<iiff<6r^n«e  in  his  fiivor 
on  this  item  not  included  in  the  Estimate  of  the  Secretary  of 
$558,00,  and  making  Mr.  Brown's  bid  $137  less  than  Mr.  Dens- 
*  zpore's. 

"'  The  number  of  printed  bills  last  winter  was  unusually  small,  not 
mor^  than  half  as  many  a^  the  year  before.  It  will  doubtless  be 
.  greater  during  the  coming  two  years,  and  as  the  number  of  pieces 
to  be  either  fulde^.or  stitched,  pcireases,  so  much  greater  is  the 
.di^eijence  in  favor  of  Mr.  Brown's  bid.  , 

There  will  be  more -r:epqrts  this  year  than  last,  ani  on  all  such 
:  work.  Mr.  Brown's  bid.is  very  much  the  lowest. 

.,.  We  are  unanimously  of  the  opiiiion,  therefore,  that  eyenif  Mr. 
Densmore's  bid  were  in  compliance  with  the  law,  the  bid  of  Mr. 
"Brown  is  the  lowest  and  best  bid.  And  we  have  for  the  reasons 
libove  stated  awarded  to  hini  the  printing  of  the  State  for  the 
years  1855  and  1856" "   '  '  .     i         .  -        -     .'•* 

'    WM.  A.BAlJSTdW,,iaovernor.         V 
EDWAED  H.  JANSSEK,  State  Treasurer. 
^GEORGE  B.SMITH,  Att'y  General. 


61 

Ahtract  of  proposals  received  ly  the  Secretary  of  State  for  doing 
the  State  printing  for  the  years  1855  and  1856.  . 

1.  J.  T.  MAftmt>N  &  Co. 

"Composition  14  cents  per  1000  ems.  Press  work  20  cents  peif. 
token.  Paper  medinin  size  and  for  all  less  sizes  and  in  any  class 
of  work  and  of  quality  required  lO- cents' per  quire.  Folding, 
stitching  and  binding  in  manner  and  quality  required. 6  1-4  (M^ts 
per  volume  cir'copy..  Blanks  per  q^uire.  including  paper  28.  cents 
per  Onire.*'  •         .     . 

"Composition  per  1000  ems  15  cents.  Press  work  per  token  18 
cents.  Folding  per  qi^lM  S  cerrls:  *  Stitcbing  per  quire  2  cents, 
cov^ing,  according  to  tbe  irequirem^nts  of  Iaw^^  per  copy  of  ejich 
volume  or  doeu^ie^t  iS  penta.  Paper,  quality  ,  cQrxespoflding  wit^ 
tbe  specimen  on .  file  ^8x24  inciea  in  size,  p§|:^quire  15  c^litskrr 
Blanks  per  quife  20  cents."  I  .   ^  .,.  ;   , 

'   •  '■     '  '3.  JAMti  D^NSMOBE. 

..•;..        ^     .-       ...     .        .■..>    \  •     I.  .    .•■,  .    .,,.'■  :.       ■  -••  ..•! 

<'Pap)po4^Qnia.  tbp9fiau4'!^^  cei%t%  PrM3  .wiork.a  tnbsa  18  «eent8l 
Folding,  stitcbing,  bin(ii^g>.G|i^veringv;  dte,^  docioirdingito  tberiaV 
quirements  of  law  for  each  volame,  document  or  piece  2  cents.^  ^ 
Paper,   quality  corresponding  ^o  the  specification  on  file  18x24 
inches  iii  size,  a  quire  9^  ceflte,    JBRj|nJcs»a  quixer.2Q.ceQtft.        ,• 

'•  /-:    ■>  -•    ;   ^^.  .'.'••.':,;  •  ^ '  '•   .    !.•!        '"1 

4,      g.  O,  SHOLES. 

.^ .ftCkAiipoiitli©^  p^  lOOO^  em€^,  O-cebtei *  Press  wcyfk'pfer  tokbn' tS 
cents.  Folding,  stitcbing  and  binding  according' to  tbd  require'^- 
ments  of  law,  for  each  vo^^e  ,01;,  <lpcu|nent  folded,  stitched  or 
bound,  4  cents.  Paper^  (quality  cojrresponding  with  Jjeqiiirenowto 
of  law  anci  specimens  on  file)  s^e  1^  ^7,18^^  per  q^iiif|o,^  12  cpnlSj 
BtdUb  per  tiuire;  !&*  c^nts.^  ' ' ' ' " 


5.  C.  LATHAM  SnOLES. 

^^Compositioa  per  thousand  ems  18  cts.  Press  work  per  token 
20  cts.  Pa[;er,  (according  to  specimens  on  file)  size  18  by  24 
inches,  per  quire  18  cts.  Folding,  stitching  and  binding  the  same 
in  accordance  with  the  requirement  of  the  law,  for  each  volume, 
pamphlet  or  document  folded,  stitched,  or  bound  4  cts.  Blanka 
per  quire  30  cts.'' 

6.  OHAHLBS  CLEMEITT. 

"Composition,  per  1000  ems,  17  cts.  Press  work,  per  token,  21 
cts.  Paper,  per  quire,  (of  the  quality  offered  for  inspection)  size 
12  by  18*,  16  cts.  Folding,  stitching  and  binding,  as  wanted  for 
the  legislature,  per  copy  and  number^  4  cts.  Blanks,  per  quire,. 
88  cts. 

T.      AfWOOZ>  A  BtJBUOS. 

"Composition,  on  first  two  classes,  18  cts.  per  1000  ems.  Press 
work,  on  first  two  classes,  20  cts.  per  token.  Paper,  medium  size,, 
and  all  smaller  sizes  required,  and  of  qualities  required,  sixteen 
cts.  per  quire.  Folding,  stitching  and  covering  all  documents  in 
the  usual  pamphlet  style,  three  cts.  per*  volume  or  document 
Folding  and  binding  journals  and  documents  in  boards,  with  lea- 
ther backs  and  corneni,  twenty-five  cents  per  volume  or  document. 
Blanks,  paper  included,  40  cents  per  quire.^ 

8.  B.  p.  m'buoh. 

"Composition,  8  cents  per  lOOO  ems.  Press  work,  8  cents  per 
token.  Paper,  18  by  24,  and  all  other  kinds  specified,  according 
to  the  quality  of  the  samples  furnished,  16  cents  per  quire.  Fold- 
ing, 5  cents  a  hundred.  Bindiug,  12  1-2  cents  apisoe.  Blanks, 
60  cents  a  quire. 

9.  IB.  A.  OALtnKS. 

*<*Oomposition,  lOcents  per  1000  ems.  Press  work,  10  cents  p^r 
token.    Folding,  6  cents  per  100  sheets.    Paper,  18  by  24  inches^ 


63 

fiisi  quality  book,  15  oenta  per  quire.    All  otber  paper  wed  15' 
cents  per  qnire.    Binding,  in  board  with  sheop  skin  backs  and 
C07er8, 15  cents  a  piece.    Blanks,  50  cents  per  qaire." 

10      BERIAH  BROAVN. 

^'Composition,  16  cents  per  1000  ems.  Press  work,  15  cents  per 
token.  Paper,  18  bj  24  inches  in  size,  of  the  quality  of  tbe  sam- 
ples in  the  Secretary's  office,  15  cents  per  quire.  Folding  and 
Btitcbing,  50  cents  per  100.  Binding  in  paste  board  covers,  with 
sheep  skin  comers  and  backs,  15  cents  per  Tolome.  Blanks,  60 
centa  per  quire. 

11.      F.  B.  WASD« 

'^  do  hereby  propose  to  execute  the  public  printing  for  the 
State  of  Wisconsin  for  the  next  coming  two  years,  in  bang-up  style, 
and  be  the  same  more  or  less  as  the  case  may  be,  in  any  styl0, 
shape,  manner  and  quantity,  for  the  sum  of  $100,000  per  annum. 

13.      BUFITS  KINO  A  00. 

^^Composition,  14  cents  per  1000  ems.  Press  work,  20  cents 
pertoken.  .  Paper,  18  by  24, 15  cents  per  quire.  Folding,  8  cents 
per  volume.    Binding,  12  1-2  centa.    Blanks,  SO  cents  per  quure. 

13«      BUFUS  KING  A  CO. 

"Oomposition,  14  cents  per  1000  ems.  Press  work,  18  cents  per 
token.  Paper,  medium  size,  15  cents  per  quire,  and  same  for  flat 
cap  or  other  lesser  size.  Quality  as  required.  Folding,  stitching 
and  bindidg  each  copy  of  every  volume  or  document,  five  centg 
per  volume  or  copy.    Blanks,  paper  included,  30  cents  per  quire. 


CiJ  >J 


TkABULAR  STATEMENlf  *koHnnrf  ike  nufnber  of  tsyfes  polled  ai  a  OeMral 
Election  Md  in  ihe  State  of  Wisconsin^  on  Vve  Tuatday  next  succeeding  the  first 
Mmiday,  h^iarjthe  1th  day  of  Kocember^  A.  D,  1864,  upon  the  question  to  amend 
Article  4  of  the  Coruiiittiion.  ■ 


COOXTIEB. 

For" Amendment  to 

Against  Amendment  to 

Sec.  4. 

Sec  5. 

SeclL 

Sec.  4. 

Sec.  5. 

Sec.  11. 

AdomH. 

32 

30 

5 

30 

33 

5 

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Qalmnet-.,,^,-..^,.. 

224  :        224 

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Dou^laast. .......... 

Donnt.;    .              4 

.   *** 

Fond  du  Lac ,.. 

•  Orant. *.'.;■ ....• 

817   •■ 
159 

Iowa...: 

.      Vtf  ... 
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.    .'68'  •■ 
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Milwaukee 

2148 

Mcnroe 

23 

Ocontot 

25 

Outaf^amiot 

161 

Ozaukeet-.-r.-.-^.M 

' .  » *• 

'i'oikn,...» u.. 

rqnii^e. 

JUadoavV .wi  . 

pichlandt 

,R<Kflf.. ...•.•...:.  . '  ' 

554   • 
140  * 

"StCrrix, ^,,. 

•Sauk'. .?..:.'... 

Shawanaf 

Sheboygan t 

Trempcleaut 

Walworth 

496 

Wafihinf(ton 

585 

Waukesha 

1044 

Waupacc*.-... , 

46 

Wapbara 

WiDDebago 

8 
55            55 

6549         <534P 

.      1 

153 
113 

Total 

11589 

t  No  retiiTDS. 

ANNUAL  REPORT 


OV  THB 


STATE  TKEASURER, 


OF  THX 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


FOR  THE  YEAR  1854^ 


MADISON: 

BBMAH  BROWV.  PRIITTEK. 
185S. 


BEPOBT  OF  THE  STATE  TREASITBEB. 


State  TbiasitbibV  Quiob, 
HADiBoir,  Wi8.|  Dec.  80, 1864. 
To  the  Zegidalure: 

Id  confonnitj  with  the  proviflions  of  law  contained  in  chapter  9, 
of  the  ^^yised  statutes,"  I  hare  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  re*- 
port  from  this  office,  showing  a  complete  statement,  of  the  re- 
ceipts and  disbursements  of  the  seyeral  funds  of  the  state  during 
the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-four. 

EDWABD  H.  JAKSSEir, 
State  Treasurer. 


•   .) 


RiEPORT.  . 


GEITERAL  PTTND. 


n^T  qtjakte:^.' ^ 


xxoxmBb 


Adams  County  St^teTut, 


BadAx, 

Crawford, 

DSB6^ 

Dodw, 
FoDd  dn  Lae» 
Onmt, 

KttBMlUy 

LftGroMe, 


do 

i$ 
do. 
«>r 
doi 

4or 

do; 

dt 

do 

dor 

do 


K- 


i/.       .71." 

i.     810 

<.1,177 
(16,628 
010,237 
f. 5,554 
t:9,800 
(10,662 
c '4,341 
(15,000 
(;6,72^i 
.  :6,207 
•H,620 
i;I8,400 


01 

fill 
2d 

68 

46 
40 

6;^r 

23 
36 


Ml  ^' 

46 

52 


1^ 

r 


6 


Marathon, 

Hanitowoei 

llarquettei 

Milwankeo^ 

Oataffamie^ 

Ozaukee 

Badne, 

Bock, 

BichlaDd, 

Sauk, 

8hebojgaB| 

Walworth, 

WaahiDfftoB, 

Wattkesha, 

Waupaoca, 

Waushara, 

Winnebago^ 


4o 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


OoTemort  contingent  aeoonnt^ 

J.  Lehmert,  license^  hawker  and  pedlar, 

If.  Schlastenaki,  do 

Hiles  Jojce,  do 

John  BTCiael,  do 

J.  Leviffne,  doi 

H.  D.  Mjman,  do 

Samuel  Block,  do 

Naah  A;  Co.,  do 

City  Bank,  Eenoiha,  State  Tai^ 

Jefferson  Co.  Bank,        do 

Fanners<kMilWs  Bank,  do 

Bock  Biver  Bank,         do 

State  Bank  of  Wiaoonnn,do 

Wisconsin  Baak^.  do 

Wis.  M.  &  F.  Us.  Co^  Bk.do 

Erie  <k  Mich,  tekgi  O^do 

8.  Park  Ceon,  Oatud  Udd  Mor%ages^ 

E.  B.  Fisher,  i  .    do 

▲.  L.  Castlenau^  do 

H.  Stansbury,,  do 

Jonas  Folti,    '  do 

Bichard  HardeiV  do 

Seth  Bice,      .  do 

Harrison  Beed[  do 

W.  Denney,    .  do 

John  D.  McD^Mfldf      do 

RXHildraU]^.  do 

Onon  Beed,  do 

Wm.  0.  Gi^  do 


400 

3,000 

5,00T 

14,937 

538 

2,131 

7,702 

10,487 

1,143 

3,008 

5,978 

8,835 

3,046 

9,486 

727 

859 

5,092 

776 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

16 

80 

80 

875 

187 

375 

375 

1,125 

375 

75t> 

fill 

6*7 

20b 
190 
10» 
IfiO 
lOi 

10b 

40 
288 

•0 
144 

u 


01 
52 
40 
06 
84 
53 
71 
80 
41 
34 
88 
68 
52 
12 
34 
54 


08 


50 


50 
52 

16 
62 


liBQBDnl!S« 


John  A.  Ummg^f      do 

D.  lAttld,  do 
R.  Uarten,  do 
A.  Alden,  do 
SWM  &  Edfirioxii       do 

E.  PeanntB,  do 
lLH.Fainenrio6,  do 
W.  H.  Gleaioiiyomr  ImI  jmt, 
0.  D.  Gag6»             do 

J.  Bobinaon,  do 

P.Kellj,  ;     do 

1P^  H.  Lander,  tax  onsoiti^ 


Total, 


1«8M 

no  8t 

^8OT 

24«  S4 

820 

288 

«4  50 

6 

38 

80 

80 

38 

l«l^487  8< 

lfjjtf^JH^ll*^n^rwL 


Ji^T.L«wi8»pNB'tof  tkoSioatfl^    -  j 

Ben.  Allen,       do  db        protem* 

F.  W.  Horn,  Speaker  of  the  AnemMj, 
Wm.  HilU       do  dio        protein. 

L.  F.Harrej,  Member  of  tbe  Senate, 
Jeaift  Hooker,    do  AflBemblt, 

Per  diem  of  103  memben  of  &e  XiiBig^Utfire; 

each  1207  50, 
UOeageof  Ueknbenof  LogiflUtave^    • 
Ben.  AQen  per  diem  1858,   - 
Atwood  A  Biown,  Appiopz'n  1861  db  1^4,; 
Dkfid  Atwood,  do  do" 

Alden  &  Holt,  audited,         • 
John  Q.  Adatefl  per  diem  1853, 
Ifichael  Amei^        do^      1803  d(  18M, 
'  Oie  Aslacben,  appropriation, 
B^o^  Biown^  approp'na  drau^ted  18S8  d(  '54 
Bradford  d?  Bro.  appropriation 
•Oblel  Bashfofd  per  diem  1854, 
BHp  <k  Chanej,  audited,      - 
Van  C.  Brow!n,      do  -  • 

BdcerdfDot}^       do 
7.  J.  BUdr,  a|i>ropriation,     - 
BKmds  Foster,  audited,      *. 
Jib.  S.  Baker,        do 
JoliJn  Ballard,  appropriation  l|58|      •' 
JAu  Bell,  per  diem,  1858,    -; 
Joitn  Burke,  ^roniiation,    «t 
J^litfBnrt,  do 

J«  Ailen  Barkir,  per  diem,  18««|       * 


♦418. 

883,60 

4K'. 

88,118' 

1,«4,40 
IZOr- 

$.847,^34 

m«4 

1180 

45 

197  60 

,60:35 

tjiPS  33 

880.01 

les: 

9,  "80 

e'90 

8,^5 

M0« 

1180 

.. 

% 

*« 

i3«!w 

iQl.BO 

4480 

BlBBUXaSMENTS. 

Jdo.  a.  Brown,  nudited, 

Jdo.  C.  BunDer,     do, 

J.  F.  Birchard,  appropriation, 

J.  R.  Briggg,  per  diem  1853, 

Harry  Barnes,    do        do    - ' 

H.  D.  Barron,  audited, 

Bloornfield  &  Kop[\  do 

M«  H.  Bovee,  per  diem  1854,  -  -" 

Bugh  d;  Nimmocks,  audited,  - 

O.  F.  Bartlett,  per  diem  1853, 

Philo  BeJden,         flo        do 

R.  A.  Bird,  audited, 

Reiser  Bergatz,  appropriation, 

S.  G.  Bugh,  Cbief  Clerk  Senate, 

8.  M.  Booth,  audited  and  appropriation, 

Beeeon  6c  Thomas,  audited,  - 

Tim.  Burns,  per  diem  1863,  - 

Thoa,  S.  Bowen,     do  -  -        , 

W.  A.  Barstow,  salary,  drc,    -.         .  - 

W.  A.  Bugh,  audited,  ■" 

W.  D.  Bacon,  per  diem  1853,, 

W.  P.  Barnes,  appropriation  <fe  per  diem  18fii3, 

W.  H.  Besly,  witneBS  fees,      -  -  . 

W.  W.  Brown,  witness  fees  and  apptopriation, 

Alex.  Cook,  do         -  - 

A.  F.  Cady,  appropriations  1853  and  1854, 

Am  Ih  ColIiDfl^  witneas  fees,     -' 

Campbell,  Brush  <kCo.,  appropriatioo^.,  ; 

C.  B.  Coleman,  per  diem  185^,       '    -     * 

C.  Clement,  audited, 
Cbas.  E.  Chamberlain,  per  diem  1853,. 

.   Darwin  Clark,  appropriation,  ,-    ^   - 

I)*  Casey,    witness  fee,         -  .       ' 

D.  H.  Chandler,  do  -      •     ,-"    . 
.  Enoch  Chase,  per  diem  1853,.       '    - 

E.  A.  Calkins,  appropriation, 
.  Casey  &  Fallen,  audited,        -  -[ 
,  Oeo.  Cogswell,  witness  fee,    -  -] 

Geo.W.  Oata,  per  diem  1853,  -] 

.   Cover  &  Goldsmith,  audited,  -~ 

Caiy  A  Harrison,  appropriatioa, 

H.  M.  Crombie,  audited, 

Jolm  Crawford,  witness  fee,    - 

Jerry  Crowley,  audited,         -  -^      ' 

.    J,  W.  Cary,  per  diem  1853,  -' 

JL  M  Cothren,  salary, 

P.  Cofigrove,  appropriation,   - 


01^ 


05 
13 


5  05- 
e2  50 
1,228  24 
45 
45 

3d  31 
83  45 
45 
.   5 
46 
45 
5 
'  106 
2^50 
502  85 
16  45 
90 
'  ■4&. 
925 
7  05 
45 
67 

32  05 
26;5 

55  ca 

175  .05 

56 
888 ;0& 

45 
l68  45 

70 
345  72 

73  6# 

48 

45 
129 
5  05 

77  6a 

50 
5  05 

:*20o 

5  50 
18  68 

6  05 
45 

470 
182  6» 


BBBVBfiEKSBm* 

0.  D.  Co]emao,  per  diem,  1863,         *  I 

Richard  Carlisle,       do        da  -'  j 

R  P.  Clement,  appropriation  1868^    -*  j 

N.  V.  Chandler,  auditedi 

8amM  Crawford,  salary, 

S.  Park  Coon,  appropriation,-         ,    - ' 

.  S.  S.  Conovor,         do  -        '    - 

W.  (^ark,  witness  fee,  -  -*" 

"VVm.  E.  Cramer,  audited, 

.  W,  P.  Clark,  appropriation,  - 

Chas.Dunn,  per  diem  1863,  - 

D,  S.  Duarie,  appropriation,  - 

iEd ward  Daniels,  salary, 

Geo.  P.  Delaplaine,  do 

H.  N.  Davis,  witness  fee^ 

J.  R.  Doolittle^  salary  and  appropriation, 

Jason  Downer^  witness  fee,     - 

J.  E.  Dodge,  per  diem  1863,  - 

John,  W.Davis,        do 

JN.M.  Oonaldson,  appropriation  A  per  diem  '63 

Bpnaldson  &  Tredway,  appropriation,  ' 

P.  Duffie,  do 

W*  M.  Dennis,  per  diem  1863*^  Mdvy 

•' Emigranten,"  audited, 

Emigrant  Agency,  expenses^ 

A.  E.  Ellmore,  witness  fee,    - 

Cbas.  A.  Eldridge,  appropriation,. 

C.  B.  Eni^  do 
H.  F.  Eastman,  audited, 
W.  S.  Evertts,  witness  fee,    - 
A.  Finch,  jr.,             do  -  -'     ' 
Coarlps  Foote, appropriation  ^audited,* 
Cbartes  W.  Fitch,                        do    *      , 

D.  Fitch,  audited  1853,         - '  ''     '     [ 

E.  N.  Foster,  per  diem  1863,  -  ' 
G.  J^  Fowler,  witness  fee,        •  -  [ 
Fratney  <&  Herzheig,  appropriation  Ss  audited, 
H,  L,  Eoeter,  per  diem  1853, 
J.  C  l^airchild,  appropriation,  ;' 
John  Fitzgerald,         do 
P.  Hines,                    do 
P.  J.  Fleischer,            do 
S.  W,  Field,  per  diem  1863 ,  - 
Thoa.  Fenton,        do 
1.  H.  Fellows,         do 
Alex.  T.  Gray,  salary,           -       .-.•.,  j 

.  Governor  ContingenlAcoount,  Approp^ation; 

3 


.m-"  I 


I  / 


•«1 
45 

'   108 

19  64 

600 

769' 86 

822  97 

10 

462  65 

106 

45 

24  86 

3,124  Is 

250 

42  80 

815  . 

41  20 

45 

45 

55 

555  88 

33 

1,045 

7  05 

500 

70  64 

25  ' 

146  60 

4  40 

18  20 

84 

131  03 

10,45 

38  87 

45 

33  20 

642  45 

70 

16  87 

.600 

16 

110 

70 

'  45  ■ 

45 

600  ' 

10,090  . 

10 


H.  W.  OraDnaoo,  appropriatioii, 

JamM  P.  Greevei,  witness  fee, ' 

Gould  &  McLaughlin,  auditodi' 

0.  B.  Ghaves,  appropiiationy  - 

W.  Oraham,  witness  fee^ 

W.  H.  GleasoDf  appropriation  luidaaditad, 

B.  F.  Hopkins^  appropriation  1619, 

Carr  Huntington,  auaited, 

Hulet  Sf  Gary,  do 

David  Holt,  appropriation, 

Du  Baj  Hunl^        do 

E.  HillFor,  per  diem  1853| 

E.  Hurlbut,  witness  fee^ 

E.G.  Hull,  audited  1853  and  1854, 

Edward  11  Hunter,  per  diem  1B68, 

E.  F.HemsteiD,  appropriation, 

H.HffirteHySalanr,    -  -' 

H*  Holmes,  per  diem  1 853,    - 

Jas.  Halpin,  appropriations    - 

John  Hart,  witness  fee,  - 

J.  A.  Hadle J,  audited, 

John  £.  Holmes,  per  diem  1858, 

John  W.  Hunt,  appropriation  and  saluy, 

Hurd  &  Johnson,  audited, 

Levi  Hubbell,  salary, 

Mary  A.  Howa^  witness  fee, 

Han  <fe  Pierce,  appropriation  and  audited  185B, 

8.  W.  Hill,  per  diem  1858,    - 

Titus  Hayes,        do 

Thomas  Hood,  appropriation  1858, 

Tim  0.  Howe^  saliupy, 

Wm.  Hull,  appropriation,     - 

Wm.  A.  Hawkins,  per  diem  1^8, 

Wm.  H.  Howard,  appropiiation, 

J.  K»  Inman,  witness  fee^ 

Ghaa.  £.  Jenkens,  do 

B.  N.  Johnson,  appropriation, 

Edward  H.  Janssen,  appi^n  <fe  lalaij  '5S  &'64. 

John  B.  Jacobs^  appropriation, 

IL  Jenkinson,  do 

A\iffuat  Eruer,  salary, 

Chas.  M.  Kingsbury,  appropriation, 

G.R  Knight,  ao 

R  S.  Kelsey,  do 

J.  0.  Knapp,  witness  fee,        • . 

L.  F*  Kellogg,  appropriation  aiid  witness  fes^ 

ILKeenan,  w 


60 

60  40 

74  >8 
134  50 

83 
1,294 
284  50 
5  05 
4  40 

84  55 
217  ^0 

45  . 

72  «0 

37  Jo 
120 

132  50 
i^OO 

45 
4,504  14 

34  |0 
4  40 

15  r 
700 

9  4< 
470 

25 
336 

45 

41^. 
305  8# 
«70.  , 
200 

70  : 

100 

8  75 

92  40 

15 

1,250 

49 

21 

4t)0 

8 

&B2 

39 

18 

«73 

408 


is 


t 


11 


BoteEiog is  Co.  audited,    - 

&  G.  Knight,  witomt  f^     * 

Hifiin  EnowltoiK  aakry, 

A.I).Iada«,p8rdien),    ^     - 

B.  B.  Ladlimii  ftppropriatioiiy  • 

CliarleB  Lum,  witneM  fee,     - 

Oiurles  H.  Lavabe^  salary,    - 

LiTwj  <k  CanoU,  appropriation^ 

F.  8.  LoveD,  witnaat  fae, 

J.  Lauderdale^  per  diem  1858| 

J.  Lemon,  apph>priatioii, 

J.  J.  Loomti,  appropriatioB,  • 

Edward  Leea,        do        nid  per  diem  1858, 

James  T.  Lewiib  do 

BobHILLongfttOarj, 

Bi^*t  W.  LauBBg,  appropriation  and  andited, 

A.  IfiuBchner,  do 

A.  MbArthur,  witnoH  fee^     - 
A*  MenirBa,  aaiaryi    *  * 
O.H.  McLaog^lm,  appronriation, 
Oliaa.  N.Mumfordy        go 
D.M.MiUer,                 do 
£.  Manner,  witoen  fee, 
Sd.  McGany,  per  diem  1853« 
B^ra  MiJJer,            do 
F.  J.  Milh^  audited,  • 
George  R.  McLane,  per  diem, 
H.  ]£iddeii,                do^ 
Jae^  Morrison,  appropriation,  • 
J.ifyera,  ner  diem  1868« 
J,  L.  Marai^  audited, 
L. Mffler,  per  diem,  - 
Matkhiaa  Marthi,  appropriatioil, 
Mapea  ^  Bool^  audited, 
P.  L-  Moeain,  appro(»iation, 
B^  If.  Meeaenger,  per  diem  ' 
V.D.  Morris  ^>pro] 
Miner  dp  Skinner,   < 
tlkoa-McGlynii,     do 
TheiL  McHngh,  Chief  Clerk  Aasembljr, 
Wtn.  B.  Marty,  par  diem  1868, 
Uemhard  A  mlliama, 
R  8.  Nickeraon,  ^ppropriatioi^ 
W.  W.  Noyea,  audited, 
I.  B.  Oahraader,     - 
BoatfHck  (yCoHner,  appropriatieni 

B.  Ofanatead,  per  diem  1863, « 


819  67 
f  3  48 

8?0 

22 

36 

48  80 
887 
814  94 

46  80 

46 
807  80 

22  73 

70 
166 
300 
200 

16  06 

68  40 
600 
174 

6T 

88 

68  40 

45 
120 

9  46 
180 

46 
362  40 

46 
8 

46 

461 

6 

24 

46 

123 

5 

207  60 
8,860 

46 

47 
148 

81 

70 
174 

48 


05 

78 
05 


16 
06 


45 


1» 


Thoa.  J.  Otis,  appropriatioi],   - 
Pcjslage,  appropriation  &  audited, 

A.  F.Phi.lips,    do 

B.  Pinckney,  per  dkm  1858,- 
Charles  Piquette,  appropriatioii, 
D.  J.  Powers,  per  diem  1868, 
Elisha  Pearle,        do  -  • 
George  C.  Pratt,  witeas  fee^  - 

George  H.  Paul,  appr'n  and  audited  1853, 

Haven  Powers,        do 

H.L.Page,  do      1863, 

Judscn  Prentice,  per  diem    do 

J.  D.  Pluokett,  audited        do 

J.  H.  Payne,  witness  fee, 

J.  W.  Porter,  per  diem  1863, 

N.  Prater,  appropriation,  -    ' 

8am*l  Pierre,      do  ,    - 

S.  D.  Powers,      do         1853, 

Wm.  H,  Pettit,  witness  fee, 

Wm.  11.  Perry,  appropriation  18*2,    - 

Jaoob  Quintus,  ao         and  audited, 

Henry  Quarles,  appropriation, 

Amos  Reed,  audited, 

A.  W.  Randall,  witness  fee,    - 
Hobinson  <&  Bro.,  audited, 

C.  M.  Roesser,  do        - 

D.  C.  Reed,  per  diem  1853, 

E.  Robinson,         do 

Edward  G.  Ryan,  appropriation, 
Francis  Randall,  witness  fee^ 
H.J.Ross,  do 

James  D.  Reymert,  audited,     . 
James  Robinson,  error  1863, 
•Reed  &  Nevitf^  audited, 
Orson  Reed,  per  diem  1853, 
Patrick  Rogan,         do 
Peter  Rogan,  witness  fee, 

B.  B.  Rice,  appropriation, 
Bob't  L.  Ream,    do        1851, 
S.  Richie,  do 
S.  Ryan,  audited, 
V.  W.  Roth,  appropriation, 
W,  H.  Roe,  per  diem, 
«  See  Rote,"  audited, 
Albert  Smiib,  witness  fee^ 
AWa  Stewart,  per  diem  1858, 
A.  D.  Seaman,  8ppropriati«Oy 


9lt  88 
4,582  M 
183  50 
45 

15  80 
46  I 
VO 

27  40 
1T4  45 
120 
870  . 
46 

22  60 
.     19  20 
46 

182  60 
132  50 
100 
90.72 
6 
117  40 
207  50 
0  40 
1$  90 
6.05 
6  40 
115 
45 
8,132  39 
48  40 
18  .. 
607 
20 
0 
45 
45 

61  60 

17  to 

87  60 

182  00 

16  05 
81 

45  , 
10  40 
4«  40 
l^   . 
64  ' 


4S 

40 


18 


^BBintoBHaiim. 


s  - 


^    A.B.  Smithysalarjr, 
A.  H.  Smith,  witneM  fee^ 
ScboffiS^  Butta,auditod« 
C.L  Sbolet^  audited  <&;  per  diem  1853, 
Strong,  Crapo  k  Riusel,  appropriation, 

0.  Stevens,  per  diem  1852,   • 
David  Bcott^  appropriatioiii    - 
Dan|el  Shaw,  audited, 
D.  G.  Snover,  appropaiation,  - 
Sholeft  Sl  Densmore,  audited  - 
D.  M.  Seaver,  salaiy, 
Geo.  B.  Smith,  witneeafee^    * 
B.  Stebbina,  per  diem  1853,  - 
State  Hi8t(]|rical  Societj,  appropriatloD, 
John  Shaw,  do 

J.  A.  Smith,  audited, 
J.  p.  Stnitl^,      appropriation,  r 

Johu  J.  Slightam,        do  "   - 

James  K.  Smith,  witneaa  fee,         '    -       ^ 
Jesse  M.  Sherwood,  appropriation,      •   '' 
John  L.  Sweeny,  do  1853, 

J.  W.  Seaton,  per  diem,  .  do        ' 

Levi  Sterling,       do  .  do        ^ 

State  Library,  appropriation. 
State  Loan,  interest  on  bonds, 
State  Prison,  appropriations  1853  and  1854. 
Soutih  Wing  of  Stute  Prison,  appropriation! 
P.K  Simpson,  per  diem  1853, 
Seaton  dc  Pau),    audited,      -  -        , 

Stevens  <&  Rogers,  do  "         '    •        . 

T.  1#,  i^tfiitb,  appropriation  1853,    ^    - 
W.  iSayles,  per  diem,  do      !    - 

W.  Spooner,  salary,  do 

W.'  Sanderson,  witness  fee^     -         ;    •   . 
Wm,  Sliglitam,  appropriation,         >    - 
Winfield  Smith,  ivitness  fee,  -         .    -     '   ^ 
Wm.  N.-iSeymour,.  do         -        i    - 
Wm.  R^Smitb,  appropriations  1858  is  *54,^ 
Schqeffler  &  Wendt,     do        and  jaudited/ 
D.  Taylor,  per  diem  1853,  )    -         [ 

D.  L  Thayer,  appropriations  1853  ife  '54, 
Tibbits  A" Gordon,'    do  1 

George  P.  Ilibmpf)n,  witness  fee,  I 
EA,Tenney,         .  '^  i      j 

1.  a  Tallmadge,  per  3i«n..lS53,  j 
Jonathan  Tajlor,  witness  fbe,  _  , 
l*TowiI5e,appropriatvoi^.   •  .J    . 


45 


500 
29   10 
9  45 

49  40 
192  67 

10  . 
116  15 
197  50 
132  50 
175  05 
500 

40  24 

45 

500 

1,200 

9 

139  50 
205 

54  to 
9d2 

44 
45 

3,000 

7,500 

17,100  31 

7,758  43 

45 

5 

4. 

7o 

45 
497  . 

50  40 
45 

.  7l  60 
8  lii 
1,260 
.749 
79  • 
•  202  50 
M45  69 
' •   47  84 
4 
45 

79  60 
29  30 


05 
40 


22 


u 


11  J.  Thonuu^  appropriatioD, 
FatToland,  do  -  • 

TboB.  J.  Townaendy  salary  and  appiopriatioiit 
Wilson  Torrey,  ao 

Win.  H.  Thomas,  witness  fee, 
Wm.  L.  Utley,  salary  1853,  - 
E.  R.  &  F.  A.  Utter,  audited, 

D.  8.  Yittum,  per  diem  1868, 
A.  Whittemore  &  Co.,  appropriation  '58  ic  ^54, 
A.  S.  Wood,  do 
Wisconsin  Blind  Institnta,    do   '40'<^8^H 
Charles  Wheeler,  do  do 
Cal.  C.  White,  witness  fee^    - 
Ghas.  K  Waikins,    do 
Wis.  Deaf  &  Dumb  Inst,  appropripition  1859, 

E.  Wakely,  per  diem  1858,   - 
Ezra  Wheeler,      do  -  - 
Weed  &  Eberhard,  appropriationa  '68  db  '54, 
E.  v.  Wfaiton,  salary  and  witness  let, 
H.  A.  Wright,       do       per  diem  1858, 
H.  C.  West                             do 
IL  K.  White,  witness  fee,      - 
Isaac  Woodle,         ... 
John  Walworth,  audited, 
John  K.  Williams,  appronriations  %d  k  '54, 
John  Wright,                 do 
Joseph  Wuson,               do 
J.  H.  Welk,  witnett  fee, 
J.  H.  Wells,  (Marquette,)  audited,      - 
John  T.  Wilson,                   do 
L.  Wyman,  witnesi  fee,        • 
0.  J.  Wright,  audited, 
Bobert  Weir,  witneai  fee^     -         '  • 
RusBel  Wheeler,    do 

R  B.  WentworUi,  appropriation  an4  andtted^ 
R  F.  Wilson,  do  do 

Hob't  W.  Wright  witness  fee, 
Thos.  West,  per  diem  1858  and  apn'n^ 
T.  T.  Whittlesey,    do  - 

Wm.  K.  Wilson,  witness  fee, 
H.  D.  York,  per  diem  1858, 

Total  ... 

Amt  orerpaid  last  quarter,    -  • 

Reoeipta  brought  jfcom  page  8, 
Bahmoe  orerpaid,     •  •  * 


^ 

05 


105,487  54 
7,900  80 

1178,188  M 


25 

280 

2,850 

174 

81 

75 

6 

166 

2,070  27 

196 
8,280  84 
232  50 
110  22 
89  20 
1,760 
45 
45 
1,558  44 
622  80 
845 
45. 
40 

45  80 
5  05 

550 

67  23 
132  50 

41  20 
81  20 

102 
Id  20 
5  05 
80 

46  20 
60  bS 

162 

42  80 
70 

45 

89  40 
45 

165,277  68 
8,110  70 


1173,888  88 


19 


SEOOHD  QU^JStTEB. 


Brown    Coiintr»            Stole  Tk^ 

JeBhnon    do 

do 

La.Fayett^  do 

do 

P(Ma08     do 
SLOm^   60 

do 

do 

Oolaganuedo 

do 

Badger  State  Bank 
BtfSi  of  CommertJB^ 
Columbia  County  BapI^ 

do 
do 

do 

Exchange  Bank, 

do 

Farmers  jc  1|Iiner/  Bank. 
Bank  of  Fond  da  Lao^ 

do 

do 

Fox  BiTer  Bank, 

d0 

Jeffeieon  County  Bank, 

do       ^ 

City  Bank  of  Badne^ 

do 

Bank  of  Bacme, 

do 

State  Bank, 

do 

State  Bank  of  W]|^on49i» 

do 

Wiaoonnn  Bank, 

do 

W.  Fry,         liceme,  B^41«r« 

i 

M.  Boyndackiy        do 

Wm.  RBoTT,        do 

8.  Mock,                do 

Taten  &  UaDeiy,    do 

H.  E.Hood,           do 

C.  R.  Enight,  reftmded  error. 

IL&Nickeaon,        d^ 

•  ■  1 

Total, 

•           1 

■    1 

T>7BMUteXMSSTBm 


JoDatfaan  E.  AraoU, 
D.«0.  Baflh,  ao 

John  Blitieiv  do 

Bv^  A  Jfjmmoek  avditedi 
Gofrer  dp  GfoIdamitL    do 
M.M.iOttliieQ,iihfy, 
Satel  Owwford,   do 
Ckailea  Boote^  apnlopriatioa 
K.  W.  Qriflwold,  wftoeai  6^ 
A.  0.  IttghaBi,  do 

SdwaidlC.  Himi4||,aalary 
CILLarrabeei     .    do 
KM.homg.  do 


ISO  50 

no 

8,9t8  96 

IfiU  19 

424  68 

702 

187  00 

820  00 

t(0  42 

'    87» 

870 

187  00 

17  49 

870 

870 

»70 

'    876 

1,125 

870 

«9 

80 

iU> 

40 

eo 

40 

49  00 

ip  00 

1(^800  02 

1,000 
1«2 
108  08 

8tt  00 

80 
870 

«68  Vf 
112  90 

27  M 

00  18 
860 
878 
108 
9B0 
■S7  6ft 


1« 


DUBOSSKKfeVTI. 


Simeon  Mills,  appropriati<»y  • 

.-.« 

160  25 

A.  D.  Smith,  salary, 

- 

,    ^66  67 

State  Agricultural  Society,  appropnatioD, 

190 

South  Wing  State  PrifiQD,    • 

do 

2,U6  95 

E.  V.  Whiton,  ealarj, 

- 

166  6ft 

Wis.  Blind  Ingtitute,  appropriation,-    - 

0.' 

'  1,600 

J.H.  Weils,  audited, 

M 

■       • 

40  55 

Total  .            -            - 

1          8,618  05 

Amount  overpaid  last  quarter, 

* 

1  .       7,900  69 

Balance  overpaid^ 

■ 

;              5,718  72 

r 

16,518  74 

1        16,518  74    . 

TFTTRT)  QUAETEE. 

'   '    • 

BBOEIFTB. 

Bank  of  the  West,  Sute  Tax, 

435  55 

» 

Kenoeha  City  Bank,     do 

375 

Bacine  County  do        do  ' 

750 

Rock  River       do        do 

875 

Oshkosh  City     do        do 

875- 

Wis.  M.  A  F.I.  Co. Bk.  do 

'    760 

Jefferson  County     do  do 

•  1095  82 

Milwaukee  County       do 
Glines  &  Co.,      License,  Hawb 

887  31 

m  &  PedU 

u-8,          '      40 

M.  Loeb  «fe  Co.,        do 

do 

40 

• 

Charles  Richmond,   do 

do 

•     10 

John  W.  Davis,  refunded. 

- 

6 

E.  Ricker,              do 

• 

89 

' 

Total, 

.    5,177  68 

DISBUBSBia 

ENTEU 

David  Atwood,  audited, 

- 

1 

.  934  10 

Atwood  4i  Brown,  appropriation, 

■ 

• 

6,013  66 

Beriah  Brown,               do 

Ac- 

4^061  40 

H.  D.  Barron,  audited, 

- 

• 

149  52 

S.  G.  Bugrh, 

- 

iS62  50 

WW;  A.  Baretow,  salary, 

- 

. 

469  &a  ' 

Wm.  W.  Brown,  appropriation. 

- 

•    425        •  ' 

Crawford  County,  overpayment, 

- 

.03  : 

GeOtg^'W.  Cate,  salary, 

- 

499  17 

M.M.  Gothren,      do 

- 

"     '.     '       '' 

435 

S.  Park  Coon,  appropriation,  - 

- 

.      M 

F.  F.  Davis, 

- 

. 

74    • 

J.  R.  Dodittle,  salary. 

• 

"     t  * 

:    375- 

WfaJ  M/Dennis,  salaiy, 

- 

■J           -                 k 

509 

17 


DBBUBSEBOBNTB. 


Charles  B  Ellis,  approptx4i6xi^        ""  - 

A  V  Fryer,  do 

F  Fratney,  audited,  -    ■        - 

H  B  GardDtf,  appropriation,  -  ' 

W  Grahaoi,  ,    do         ^ 

E  M  Hunter,  salary, 

F  W  Horn,  Emigrant  Agent, 

J  W  Hunt,    salary, 

Levi  Hnbbell,    do  -  - 

I  W  Hill,  per  dioin, 

Edward  H  Janssen,  salary,     - 

John  N  Jones,  postage, 

E  B  Kelsey,  per  diem  1853,  - 

Jaa  Kneeland,  appropriation,  - 

"Wiram  Knowlton,  salary, 

Bob'tMLoog.  do 

Ohas  H  Larrabe^      do        - 

B  W  Lansing  audited, 

Q  Loehr,        appropriation,  - 

Geo  R  M  Lane,  lunatic  do    - 

John  McManmant  salary, 

A  Menges,  do  - 

Alex  Mitchell,  appropriation  - 

J  G  Percival,  salary, 

Curtis  Reed,  per  diem  1853  - 

J  D  Reymert,  audited, 

V  W  Rotb,  apprQjM-iation, 

Schuif  &  Rutts,  audited, 

D  M  Seaver,  salary, 

J  R  Siiarpstein,  per  diem  1863, 

Swamp  Lands,  appropriation, 

State  Prison,  do 

South  Wing,  .  do 

Sdioeffler  £  Wendt,  audited, 

D  8  Yittum,  lunatic  appropriatkm, 

John  Welch,  do 

John  Wbite,  do  1851, 

7ohn  K  Williams,  do         1858, 

H  Wright,  salary,  &c., 

K  WUcox,  per  diem  1853,    - 

Wiaoonnn  Blind  Institute,  appropriadon, 

Wm.  A  Wheeler  <k  Co.,      .     do 

Total, 
Amount  overpaid  last  quarter, 
Receipts  as  above^    - 
Balance,      .  -  -  - 


5,177  (J8 
83,107  70 

98,285  88 


12 


150 

800 

83 

20 

250 

1,075 

250 

148 

25 

200 

2,842  63 

70 

40 

375 

200 

375 

114 

45 

300 

150 

260 

58 

410 

70 

187  50 

50 

66  25 

260 

75 

225 

500 

6,643  00 

1,672  60 

162  50 

262  16 

57 

116 

400 

45 

125 

39  25 

32,671  66 

5,718  72 

98,285  88 


18 


FOUETH  QUABTEB. 


BBUKlPfBt 


0  P  Dana,  tax  on  suita^ 

. 

8S 

Manitowoc  County,  reyenne^ 

H 

1,844  08 

Portage           do          do 
Waashara        do          do 

• 

M4 

- 

196  66 

Bank  of  Commerce,        Tax, 

• 

760 

Columbia  County  Bank    do 

- 

187  60 

Dane            do        do     do 

» 

185  42 

City  Bank  Kenosha          do 

- 

875 

City  Bank  Racine             do 

-        - 

875 

Farmers  &  Millen'  Bank  do 

- 

875 

Korthem                   do    do 

- 

61 «  50 

Bacine  County          do    do 

- 

760 

Bock  Kiver               do    do 

- 

375 

State                         do    do 

- 

375 

State  Bank  of  Wisconsin  do 

- 

1,875 

Wis  M  <fe  F  Ins  Co           do 

» 

760 

Simeon  Steinhart,  Pedlar's  License^ 

- 

30 

Silverman  &  Co                do 

- 

80 

James  Cameron                do 

- 

10 

M  Schwars                       do 

- 

10 

Chandler  <k  Killey            do 

- 

30 

8  Hirschberg                    do 

- 

30 

Babbas&Wolf                do 

- 

80 

A  Guddlefinger                do 

- 

10 

Alex  Guddlefinger,            do 

- 

40 

John  Blackenhurst            do 

. 

40 

S  Klauber                         do 

. 

10 

J^^  L  Castleman,  Canal  Land  Mortgi 

5  16 

Total, 

$9,829  22 

si: 

, 

Jas  S  Alban.  appropriation,   - 
J,R  Briggs,           do 

. 

120 

. 

120 

S  d  Bugb,  on  recount, 

- 

100 

W  A  Barstow,  salary  ic,      - 

- 

468  60 

W  W  Brown,  appropriation  - 

- 

3S0 

JiCrowley  audited, 

- 

13«  40 

M  M  Cothron,  salary. 

. 

375 

Jf  V  (Aandler,  audited, 

. 

6  05 

<d  S  Comfort,  appropriation,  - 
Sam'l  Crawford,   salary, 

- 

88 

- 

500 

J  R  Doolittle>         do 

- 

975 

Wm  M  Denni^       do 

- 

500 

AT  Gray,             do 

- 

600 

o'^19 


ii/«W^^W«¥ffTP^ 


,» / 


OubUtus  GraH  aadited^  • 
Fratney  &  Herzber^^  do-  •  ■ 
E  J  Fleisher,  do      - 

E  W  Hunter,  aalary,  -     ^ 

F  F  Hobbs,  apprppriation,  * 
F  W  Horn,  ? migrant^  Agen^ 
John  W  Hunt,  aal^rf,  f 

J  N  Jones,  audited,  •• 

E  H  Janssen,  salary, 
Levi  Hubbell,    do 
James  &  Marriner,  appropriaiion, 
August  »\ruar,      salary,        '- 
Wiram  Knowlton,    do  -  - 

C  H  Larrabee,         do  -  - 

M  D  Miller,  appropriation,     -  ^  i '     ■»•. 
A  Marschnes,  audited, 
Ohas  Roesser      do  -  ^ 

Geo  Paul,  do  ♦  - 

J  6  Percival,  Geological  Surrey, 
H  P  Powers,  appropriation, 
Robinson  &  Bro,  audited,     - 
Beed  &  Nevett,        do         f 
:'  Afem  D  Smith,  salary, 

A  o  Sanborn,  on  account  semceSy     - 
'  1^  M  Seaver,    salary, 
Geo  R  Smith,     do  «-  - 

I^yi  Sterling,  appropriation,  • 
Swamp  Lands,         do  -  - 

State  Prison,  do  *  - 

•  gf  G  Stacey,  salary, 
^(^oeffler  <b  Wendt,  audited,. 
Vfm  R  Smith,  appropriationJ 
j^  S  Vittura,  on  account  servwes, 


J-    J- 


ft  A  Wright,  salary, 
OJ 


.  Wright,  audited,  ^ 

dftm'l  F  Wright,  lunatic  appix>priation, 


Total,  *  -  •- 

lipts  as  above,    - 

nt  overpaid  last  qoartei^ 
»unt  ove     ' " 


27  15 

870  05 

144  69 

250 

.  .>  20  80 

250 
*12^  47 
.300 
375 
.*  14 
600 
375 
375 
83 

■M    )  .  .fl  46 

.     i.  .:^25 
.    .59 

.-'  /.  '.ea 

.1     M.W81 
...  64  50 
.  <.50ft 

.  'W.800 

;    500 

.0  ,..^00 

.•  :.     .«lft 

•,  .  .:i400 
.!..!.  <>2|9  25 

. .  r.^<>»88^  88 


■  ■I'll  '.ii'fiK 


*8,?.Wf58[l.,,,4ftX^58 


JO 

SCHOOL  FUND. 

FIRST  QUAETER. 

BBQEZFTB.     . 


C6rt]ficai€8, 

Penalty  ,5pcr  cent 
Sales, 

Total, 


28,396  44| 

1.785  06 

%125 

869  24 


49,166  88 


DISBUBBEBCSNTO. 


Beriab  Brown,  printing  and  publishiB^ 
Dan  C  Brown  do 

H  D  Barron,  do 

Joseph  Barnard,  appraiaing, 
Jobn  A  Brown,  publishing, 
llilton  Barlow,  appraising, 
Beeaon  k  Thomas,  publishing, 
Wm  O  Buck,  appraising, 
Calumet  Co,        do 
H  Ca  kins,  do 

J  Crowlej,  publishing. 

IT  V  Chandler,  do 

Wtn  E  Cramer,  do 

C  W  Fitch,  do 

Fratney  h  Herzberg,     do 
George  Oale,  appraising, 
Indian  Oeorffe,    do 
Edward  C  Hull,  publishing, 
J  A  Hadley,  do 

H  P  Holmea^  appraising 
Joachim  h  Co.,  publishing 
Eohlman  k  Co,    do 
Asa  Lawrence,  apprabing    . 
A  Morehouae^  do 

F  J  Mills,  publishing^  * 

Manitowoc  06,  appraisinjg^ 
itfarquetleCo,        io 
Gee  H  Paul,  publishing 
L  M  Parsons,  appraising 
P  D  If  anwhner,     do 
If  W  Noye8»  publishing 
CtoSBoeaer     do 


892  40 

8 

33  55 

5 

8 

15 

15  80 
HI 

681  12 

9^  50 

.  6 

7  20 

97  85 

6  50 

^5  90 

16 

a 

6  10 

a  so 

25  60 
5 
8 

7a 

68 

18  70 
200 
105  60 

10 

50 

6 


31  . 


RicUral  (So^  apprfiBing 
Rock  Go.,.  do 

Beed  A  Kevett^  publishing, 
R  P  BttWtoiii  apprainDg, 
RobiMon  &  Bro^  pvbli^iDgi 

D  B  Sbaikr^;  appraUng, 
ScbD4]  S\nid,,refunded  for  error. 
School  Fund  Loau^        -       >  - 
Sealcm  «r  Paul^  piAli»hh«     ^ 
Stevens  it  Aogersi      do 
Schoeffler  <fe  Wendt,  do 
W  B  Shaver,  do 

Geo  W  Tamert,  appraising, 
Algernon  Weaton,     do  -^^ 

A  Whitemore  Sc  Go^  plat  bool^ 
A  S  Weaton,      appraising, 
Winnebago  Co^        do 
D  M  West,  do 

Weed  dc  Eberhard,  binding,  , 
JHWell8,publiBhiBg;  /'^  - 
Wm  White,  appraising 

Total, 
Amount  on  hand  last  quarfff,. 
Amount  of  reoeipts,  '     ! 

Balanoe,  ■''  ''  '    ' 


;  Ajru) 


'    •■  1 

y<     '6oe-M.. 

•■.■;  -i... 

.:,        HIM     . 

14  8a 

..1     Lfl       ' 

.■  •.'    -1 

.    n    •  a«0'  ■ 

9  68 

111 

30  a» 

e5,9ti 

17  8« 

16  80 

»  50 

4 

216 

j.i.ir 

7  sa 

2fi 

12  60 

168  %S 

20 

198  50 

21  28 

49  W     ' 

70,<94  00     ' 

94,004  92 

49,166  S8 

• 

•""18,<»VW  ••' 

$8S,261  30       989,361  M 


SEOONI)  QUAB9SR. 


•J  ■ 


BkBQKIFlB* 


Oertificafeea, 

Looiii, 

Jr  eikttij,  6  per  centu  ■ 

Totd,- 
fiabaice:iatt  qt^rtet, 


d,4l2.jM 

170  62 
l,01t  74 


6,6*70  66 
'^13,067  30 


22 


DiBBtrfissimErrs. 


BroHtfn  6btti]t7,  appniaiDg, 

Berftti  Brown,  printing  and  pubbhtni^ 

Bo^id  Blick,  do 

School  Ribd  Loan% 

WeeA  db  Eberhaid,  binding. 

ToUl, 
Bakice^' 


•I8,73f  8» 


(■:   • 

thted;  quab: 

HER. 

SIUJurlB. 

sai%,-  '; 

Penalty, .. 
Oeiti^cats^  , 

10,306  93 

8  ?5 

9  15 
2,186  44 

Total, 
Balwcelmt^iBarteri, 

18,945  'V7 
15,430  12 

fi;  I.-            ! 

h 

Loans, 

Weed  <b  Eberhard,  book  bmdiw^y*  ' : 
W  H  WUlard,  apprainngi 
Edward  Lees,         do 
Jas  Murdock,         do 
0  A  Stafford,  printing, 
Beriah  Brown,      do 
It  F  Wilson,  appraWitt;,  V  ^ 
D  A  Glidden,  refunded,  dL^H  Pierod  Ooy 
■  '.  ''  * 
Total,  '  {     \'(  . 

Balance^ 


129,375  89 


136  » 

646 

12  M 

2,486  "ir^ 

•. '    ii 

3;507  t3 

15,460  » 

9l8,^3t  36 


2,800 

650 

132 

25 

141 

300 

820 

100   : 

6  M 

4,373  69    . 

26,002  27 

^|29i675  60    : 

,28 
FOURTH  QUARTER 


BfeOBXPlB* 


Loana, 

Penally 

Salflfl) 


8,079  73 

403  91 

1,425 

822  16 

8,009  ?7[ 

1«»800  57 

S!IS9U]28BMIK!I& 


Benj  Allen,      appraisiiig^ 
CyniaN  Allen,      do 
B  BrowD,  pnhlishiog, 
D  C  BrowD,    do 
J  Baroard,  appraising, 
John  A  Brown,  pnbliahing, 
Sam'l  G  Bagh,        do 
Jeiry  Orewley,         do 
C(frer  ^  Goldsmith,  do 
H  Oaiknn,  appraiflinff, 
E  L  Oeve^.      publishing^ 
Gray  <fe  Nimmocky  do 
Jofl^h-Dartt,  surveyings 
E  C  Hu^ll,  publishing, 
AOHoIti       <*o 
B  9  Hickfl}  appraising, 
Hofd  &i  Johnson,  publishing, 
Edward  Lees,      acppraidng^ 
Peter  Little^  do 

Jas  Mordoek,  do 

P  D  Marsekall,    appraising, 
Wm  0  Meftf  ichael,  do 
Joseph  Patch,  do 

Bdlmisori  <k  Bro^  publishing, 
Wm  (J  Sogers,         do 
Rysb  iti  Co,  do 

J  Qui^ttcrs,  do 

Stout  tfe  Tenney,      do 
8  W  Smith,  do 

School  Fdiid, 
Sdbeot  FtAd  Loans, 
^Hiomss^  Reed,  publishing^ 
^f  Wibon,  appraisin^^ 


263  60 

167  50 

107  60 

81  S6 

65 

19  00 

18  25 

42  75 

4  2fr 

166 

7  25 

17  M 
81 

7  25 
12  45 
15 

18  80 
480 

80 
50 
85 

18  75 
142  50 
19 
66   20 

8  60 
8  ^6' 
8  25 

65  25 
081  11 
2,606 
08  75 
215 


24 


pgBxnwKifTOrra. 


O  J  Wright,  publuliiDg, 
Weed  h  IberWd,  binding, 

Total, 
BeoeiptB  as  abore, 
Balance  as  abore^ 
Balance, 

Total, 


16,800  57 
25,002  27 

14  75 
1,664  50 

7,120  71 
34,682  1^ 

41,802  27 


41,902  64 


SCHOOL  FUND  IHOOME. 


FIRST  QUAETEH. 


BE0EIPT8) 


94,169  4011 


OIBBirBSBKENTS 

• 

Befiinded  foi 

■eiTor  in 

former  p^ment^ 

Bad  As     County, 

Apportionment, 

Calumet, 

do      < 

do 

Cohiinbia 

do      > 

do 

Cravford 

do 

do 

Dane 

do 

do 

Dodee 

do 

do 

Food  dn  Lac  do 

do 

Chnnt 

do 

do 

Oreen 

do 

do 

Iowa 

do 

do 

Jeffeiwa 

do 

do 

Kenoeha 

do 

do 

Marquette 

do 

do 

Miiwaukee 

do 

do 

Osankee 

do 

do 

Sauk 

do 

do 

Shebojgan 

do 

do 

Bacme 

do 

do 

Bkhland 

do 

do 

Bock 

do 

do 

Walworth 

do 

do 

Washington 
Waukesha 

do 
do 

do 

do 

Waupaeca 

do 

do 

Wanshara 

do 

do 

Winnebagoy 

do 

do 

82  56 

452  88 

642  96 

3,191  04 

486  28 

6,567  12 

6,212  16 

4,395  04 

4^888  06 

3,211  92 

2,542  27 

5,022  72 

3,019  68 

2,593  44 

5,407  95 

2,675  21 

2,048  40 

3,605  56 

4,855  18 

514  08 

6,820  88 

4,975  92 

4,039  26 

5,848  56 

497  52 

359  90 

2,765  62 


H 


DMSeirer,     plattini 
OhMO^Ajen,   do 

ToUl, 

Balance  latt  quarten, 

ReoebUaaaboyek  - 
Balvioe,        . 

1^  ia  1858, 
do 

liiOff  10 

730  IB 
'      '    884  80 

88,498  60  ;. 
88,128 

111,884  80 

111,884  50 

SECOND  QXTAKEER 

1      1,858  971 

MBBCFllaBIUUflA    ■'-- 

Adama     Coontr,  Apportionineiiti    .     ,  ,   . 
LaFayette    do               do             '          '^ 
Oatagamie    do       ,     .  .  4o 
Port^        do             ,!do 
StCioix       do            .    4o 

Total,             \'       ./ 
Balance  last  quarter^. , 
Baianoe, 

88,128      , 

286  84 

3,378  9» 

702    . 

224  19 

"     '   'm  96 

4,0^6;.  Off 

"'^ao.siw  02* 

'124,981  07 

124,981  97 

'1 

THTTIT^  QUAETER. 

Balance  lait  quarter, 

8,988  07! 
20,516  Oti 

Olio  I-.'}  :.  li  ...'  ■■}; 

. .   '■. 

•' 

D  A  Gliddon,  lefimded  dt  77  Pieice  Co^ 

•.    :/       1 

Av.O.,  : 

887  81 
8  98 

890  29 
26,267  80 

$28,148  09 

•20,148  p!^  . 

1 

:  rOUR'^H  QUARTER 

K        '   "- 

4 

4.880  59 
Sl,2ffr  80 

26 


D1HBUB8EKBNTB* 


Befi]]i4^  on  oertificstes  raeaDed, 
Polk   ,   ,     CouBljf ,  Appoitioain6n|t, 

Milwaukee do 

Wausiari^  ^^  do   ; 
Manitowoc "   do    . 


ToU}, 
Balance,'  ^ 


do 
do 

■ «  \ 


20,647  89 


TJNIVEKSITY  FUND. 


5 

•  51  1* 
1,660 

196  66 
l,t88  86 

5,W8  14 
26,611  « 

29,647  89 


Balance, 


FERSXiftll^XKR- 

IftBuuEirxS. 


Certjificates, 
PeoaltFrs  percent 

saieflJ: ...  _   : 

"Total, 
B^fpc^laa^qnartetr. 


Loans, 

Lorenzo  Preaton 

OT  Overton,  r       f 

Befonded  for  error^ , 


.  PIBBUBSEMENTB. 


2,166  471 
i,bio  41 


4,186  88 
10,867  22 


16|Q64,|0 


9,125 
16 
20 
8'60; 

6,890  60 

15,064  10 


Loans, 

Penalty, 

Sale% 

Balance^ 


seoonId  QUAKTER. 

BE03EIF1B. 


.:'.»  .•'  ^    :( 


260 

96  16 

-3,104  32 

5,890  60 


Loaiu^f).>\ 


«.»h  of 


Sales, 
Certificatefl, 

Balance  last  quarter, 


Loaiifl^M<x 


27^ 


8,340  •7|[         8»840  07 


THIRD  QUARTER 


XBGEEPTS. 

'J    r    ".;  ^*  p.  , 


830 


(V894  0>| 


n£ii| 


TvraBBBfilBiQDIk :. 


9,062  91 


9,062  91 


FoiTRM^Ain^ieJ 


Certificate        f 
B^ance  last  quarter, 


\\\  u 


DIBBJDB8EMKNTS. 


!    .    \ 


112 

21  25 

507  05 

1^9  91 


Lq|tye<|^  pniver^ity, 
Ai|fi4itp]WBrpaid, 


II.. 


._         I 


^b  t.'^i 


1,086  12 


2,836  88 


9,886  33 
2,880  8» 


■      «iii  FffiSt  QTJAETER.  ...  |.' .,.',  .t' ;  '\  '■  ■  '» 

vcBstmi         ' '  I       npni  2111 

BlUlI^«^batqtUIto^,^  ^-^  '  1         2,990  00(1 


,\  I  !■•  i  •  '•  ••;  v  ..  .;i 


28 


Interett;  «*. School  Fund  LoiD, 
Stale  I7ttiter8it7, 
Iteftntddd  for  error, .  ■  — 

Total, 
Balance^ 


10,067  77 


3,500 
500 
11  09 

6,011  09 
2,055  78 

10,067  77 


,:  eKOOND  QUARTER. 


BI0BIPT8, 

Balance  last  qaarteer«     :  ^  ... 

754  811 
2,056  78U 

DIBBTTEEBlSliSmfl*    * 

Stait^  TJmmrity,    .                      , 
Balance,'^'*          \\ 

1,000 
1.810  M 

"•  *  )\*,':           w    '  .I'l  •• 

2,810  59 

2,810  69 

TlB^DjQ^^R^SR. 

BlOBZFn, 

Balance  iafi  quarter, 
Balance,                      »  i 

368  58 
1,810  69 

2,173  17 

2,173  17 

2,173  17 

;..    BOURTH  QUARTER 

• 

MOBIFTfl,                                                    ^ 

Balance  last  qoarter,                                     1 

DISBUBSSlCBMTa,                         . 

580  47 
2,178  17 

1,818  46 
1,126  19 

.''.:■  ^»         '/:;••'/- 

2,763  04 

8,768  M 

IMPJWYBMSUrP  tHi^^. 

BaUnoeonhand, 
Paid  F  P  TaUmadg^ 
Balance  in  the  Treasaiy, 

129  88 

r    t; 

129  38 

129 
88 

,    .      129  H 

29 


KEOAPrrULATION. 

IUe«ipti. 


l8t  quarter, 
2d    do 
8d    do 
4ih   do 

BCBOOL  FCrVD. 

let  quarter, 
2d    do 
Sd     do 
4th   do 
a.  r.  nrcoMx. 
iBt  quarter, 
2d    do 
Sd    do 
4tb  do 

raiTBRSITT  7VMD* 

Ist  quarter, 
2d    do 
8d    do 
4th  do 

v.  7.  IRCOMX. 

Itt  quarter, 
2d    do 
8d    do 
4th  do 

JMFROyXMSirT  WVWD, 

l8t  quarter, 
Total, 

B4LAVCXa, 

Januarj  1, 1864. 

General  Fund, 

Sehool  Fund, 

School  Fund  Income^ 

UniTersity  Fund, 

U  F  Income^ 

Improrement  Fund, 
December  30, 1854, 

General  Fund, 

School     do 

8  F  IneoBe, 

UniTernty  Fund, 

U  F  Ineome^ 

ImproTenent  Fund^ 


185,467  54 

10,805  02 

5,177  68 

9,829  22 

49,166  38 

5,670  55 

18,945  77 

16,800  57 

94,159  40 

1,853  97 

5,022  07 

4,289  59 

4,186  88 

2,450  47 

2,667  94 

640  SO 

7,077  21 
754  81 
862  58 

580  47 


401,888  42 


S4,094  92 

17,465  10 

10,867  22 

2,990  56 

129  88 

S8,965  86 


1,086  12 


507^487  OS 


DubaiMmaitt 

165,277  5S 

8,618  05 

82,571  66 

15,686  88 

70,194 

8,807  78 

4,378  62 

7,120  71 

88,496  60 

4,765  95 

890  29 

8,036  14 

9,168  60 
1,946 
7,953 
2,836  83 

8,011  00 
1,000 

1,628  45 

129 

487,007  43 


8,110  70 


84,682  13 
26,511  25 

1,125  19 
88 

507,487  08 


1  '  '\r: 


I        . '   f 


:       •  *  i 


...•I 


1  'I    ) 

f  '-^    ■     V.    .-•    ,      1 
.      .) 


. ..     .J 


•)  .;;i,..i: 


BEPOET 


OV  TBB 


ATTORIfEY  GElfERAL, 


•r  THX 


STATE    OP   WISCONSIN, 


FOB  THE  TEAR  1864. 


MADISON: 

BSRIAH  BBOWN,  PBHrTSB. 
18M. 


f   '' 


REPOET. 


Mapbon,  Januat7  1, 1856. 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Wiscoimn: 

Th^  law  4<>6B.n(>t.req])ire  tjb^  AttorDpy  Kleneral  to  ;makQ  an  a^- 

3m^\  report,  eitjier  to  tbe  Execatiye  or  to  th^  Legislature^  but  the 

last  clause  of  eoctioi^  39)  >p«ge  8/  ^^  ^'^^  Bevi^ed  Sta^Ues  provides 

.  ^a|tJif).8^9;U  ^'report, to  the  Legislature,  or  either  branch  thereof^ 

r  wheaever  requested  upop  anj  busiu^ss  pertaiuiug  to  the  duties  of 

Jwcffice."-.  ^         .      . 

ISo  suah  request  has  ever  been  toedeby  the  Legislatnrei  Aad  po 
Import hf» been  made  b7:eith^r;<^  my  ipred feasors  in  office.  I  have, 
.  h9W^^^y  tionght  it  my  duty,  at  this  time,  to  submit  to  you  a  brief 
y^fOpunt  of  the  law  traQsactipns  of  ^fae  ^tate,  during  the  jpast  je^r 
mmttjou  9)^'gh(  lay  the  same  before  the  Legislature,  or  io  some  w^y 
tall  the  matters  herein  stated,  to  the:atteutioD  Cff  that  bodyj  ahouJd 
jm  4gcsi  it.adyisable  tp  do  so* 

On  tbe  :i8tl)  day  of  December,  1652,  Bavid  T.  Diton^  the  eon- 
tractor  for  the  State  printing  in  year  18hl8,  filed  bis  petition  in  the 
aapr^ine court,  follpwlog  the  provisipne  of  ^^an  act  to  direct  in  what 
m^nrnt  and  iii  wl\.%t  <^ourts  suits -m^y  b^  brought  against  the  State, 
approved  February  9, 1Q90,  in  which  be  claimed  damages  against 
the  State  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollais,  in  consequotiCQ  of 


the  refusal  of  the  Legislature  to  allow  him  to  print  the  Revised 
Statutes  ot  1849,  tlie  same  which  was  printed  by  0.  L.  Sholes,  and 
of  their  refusal  to  give  him  the  German  and  other  printing  in 
fooeign  languages,  ordered  bj  theoi ;  ^nd  for  the  refusal  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  to  fumish  him  with  all  the  printing  of  the  State 
Departments,  including  school  land  blanks. 

This  claim  had  previously  been  presented  to  the  Legislature,  and 
disallowed. 

On  the  2nd  day  of  January  last,  when  I  entered  upon  the  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  this  ofiSce,  the  case  above  mentioned  was 
on  the  docket  o(  the  Supreme  Court,  undisposed  of,  and  even  the 
pleadings  necessary  to  bring  it  to  an  issue  were  not  perfected,  and 
my  first  connection  with  the  case  was  to  resist  a  motion  for  judg- 
ment against  the  State, ,  for  the  want  of  proper  pleadings.  This 
motion  was  denied  by  the  court,  accompanied,  however,  with  an 
order  that  all  of  the  pleadings  should  be  stricken  from  the  files ; 
and  that  the  Attorney  General  should  file  an  answer  to  the  petition 
on  a  day  named  in  the  order.  The  answer  was  filed  accordingly. 
It  was  a  demurrer  to  that  part  relating  to  the  Kevised  Stavutes, 
and  printing  in  foreign  languages,  and  a  general  denial  of  the 
other  matters  set  up  in  the  petition.  The  answer  is  now  on  file  in 
Supreme  Gourt,  to  \^hich  I  refer  for  a  better  and  more  complete 
understanding  of  the  merits  of  the  cas^. 

My  predecessor  had  filed  and  argued  a  general  demurrer  to  the 
petition,  which  was  overruled :  but  in  overruling  this  demurrer, 
the  court  decided  that  Mr.  Dixon,  was  not  entitled  to  print  tlie 
revised  statutes  under  his  contract.  This  decision  being  made, 
the  counsel  for  the  petitioner  discontinued  his  suit  against  the 
etate,  and  the  costs  of  the  proceeding  have  been  taxed  to  him  aad 
will  be  paid  or  reimbursed  to  the  state,  having  already  been  paid 
by  the  state  to  the  clerk  of  that  court. 

Thus  this  matter  which  so  long  occupied  public  attention,  and 
the  attention  of  the  legislature  and  the  court  was  disposed  of,  and 
the  conduct  of  the  legislature  and  public  officers  most  fully  vindi- 
,cated. 


Under  the  law  above  referred  to,  Jobn  A.  Brown,  filed  hiB  peti- 
tioa  in  the  sapreme  court,  on  the  eighth  day  of  July  1854,  alleging 
that  the  state  was  indebted  to  him  in  the  sam  of  four  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars,  for  services  rendered  by  order  of  the  Legislature  du- 
ring the  impeachment  trial  of  Levi  Hubbell. 

To  this  petition,  I  have  filed  the  plea  of  the  general  issue,  anct 
the  case  is  ready  for  a  hearing  at  the  present  term  of  the  supreme 
conrt, 

93ie  fact  that  Hr.  Srown,  rendered  services  in  that  case  for  the< 
state,  cannot  be  controverted,  and  I  would  suggest,  in  view  of  thia- 
faety  that  the  legislature  shall  reconsider  his  account,  and  allow 
what  is  justly  due,  and  thus  avoid  the  trial  of  a  suit,  which  will 
be  lik^y  to  result  in  his  favor,  and  finally,  in  some  legislative  ac- 
tion to  pay  the  judgment  which  he  may  obtain. 

Two  other  suits  have  been  commenced  against  the  state,  at  the 
present  term  of  the  supreme  court,  one  by  Hugh  McFarlane,  and' 
one  by  Kichard  F.  Yeeder,  both  for  ah  alleged  claim  against  the* 
atste  for  work  done  on  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  river  improvemei^^ 
in  building  bridges  across  the  canal  at  Portage,  while  that  work 
wss  under  the  supervision  of  tl^e  state.  The  whole  amount  claim- 
ed by  botji  is  $1,4.60,30. 

Each  aleges  in  his  petition  that  he  has  demanded  pay  from  the 
in^rovement  company,  ai^d  that  they  have  refased  to  pay. 

I  have  notice  of  several  other  suits,  of  the  like  character,  which 
my  be  commenced  against  the  state, 

8eetion.5  of  the  act  incorpomting  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  river . 
improvement  company  provides,  that  '4ti  all  proceedinga 
againat  the  state  for  damages  or  other  claims  on  account  of  said 
improvement,  the  award  or  decree  of  which,  by  the  terms  of  thja 
set,  would  have  to  be  paid  by  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  river  im- 
Kovement  company  Jiereby  incorporated ;  the  said  company  shall 
k  made  a  party  to  said  suit  and  shall  have  all  the  rights  and  privi- 
leges of  a  defendant  therein* 

Ihia  aeotioQ  is  impeirfect  in  this,  that  it  provides  no  way  for 


mftkiti^fliat  comptoy  a  pafty.  Th6  law  anthoriziiig  6Q{ia  tobeeixtL 
menced  against  tlie  State  haft  provided  feipe^ificaDytbat'tbe  ^^eonib- 
pliinant  within  ton  days  after  havirtg  fil^d  said  petltlott  or  bill, 
anfl  eaid  bond,  shall  dfer^e  ^  true  cbpy  of  said  petftion^  or  bill, 
upon  the  Attorney  Qen^rai  af  the  State,''  &6.  Bat,  ih&t^  is  W 
Wiajr  pruvkiod  for  natitying' this  company  of  the  commencoment 
of  aiieb  KLitsl  ot  f^r  bifinging.  them  i:B^to  (3ouri 

The  law  ehoald  be  amended  in  this  particular,  and  the  company 
sboxild  bare  the  ^utii^'  ixiana^^emMt  of  the  deitinsft  i^f  all  aucfli 
STHtfi  inasmuch  ai  they  are  to  pay  *^11  ontstandiag  evideaees  ti  ■. 
indebte(tne68  on  the  part  of  the  States  Ac.,"  isliued  em  Accooiit  t>f 
the  said  irnpniv^rm^nt,"  «&c.,^^nd  to  sateth^  State  harmlesa  fioia 
any  and  alt  Habilitles  in  any  wise  arimngoa'^  growing  ont6fia£A 
improvement,  &c.  ' 

Tbia  amesMlmteit  should  .at  least  he  naade,  and  I  would  eugfeat 
to  the  Legialature  the  'propriety  of  enacting  a  law,  by  whiek  per- 
sons, faa^iitg  olaiitis  against  the  State  on  aocoont  of  that  iHiprove- 
meot  abouki  be  authoriaed  and  required  to  bring  suits  direct} j 
against  the  company^ 

Tb^  company  can  better  attend  t6  the  defetM  of  sneiiaitits; 
and,  under  the  circumstances,  it  would  seem  thi^.tbe  Stabeoaghfc 
not  to  be  trouble^  with  such  litigatiun. 

The  whole  number  of  criminal  cases  How  on  the  calendar  of  tlie 
Supreme  Court  is  thirty  three,  and  the  most  of  these  cases  will, 
doubtless,  be  disposed  of  at  this  term.  Twenty  ne^  cases  havft 
occurred  during  the  present  year*  Of  the  thirty-thrOe  cases  isubi- 
ed,  the  State  is  directly  interested  in  only  twenty  five,  the  balance 
b^ing  eases  in  which  the  name  of  tiie  State  is  used,  belt  which,  are 
noFatters  of  private  interest 

In  nearly  all  of  the  criminal  causes,  whether  decided  foi-  or 
against  the  State,  the  costs  are  paid  by  the  State.  During  the  last 
year  there  was  appropriated  by  the  Legislature  on  this  acconnt 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  ($*250  00)  and  about  the  sanre 
amount  in  the  year  1863,  mA  judging  from  the  amount  of  boeisos 


sow  OQ  the  calendar,  and  the  probable  increaie  of  bnameMi  I 
ironld  eetimate  the  amount  to  be  paid  on  thia  aoconnfc  daring  the 
year  1865,  at  about  five  hundred  dollars. 

There  are  one  or  two  other  casea  pending  in  which  the  State  is 
interested,  which,  when  thej  are  disposed  o^  will  be  ^reported  lo 
70a  or  to  the  Legislatare. 

Yexy  respeotfollj, 

Your  Obt  Serrt, 
GEO*  B.  SMUH, 

Attorney  GeaeraL 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  THB 


COMMISSIONEKS 


ov 


School  and  University  Lands, 


09  THB 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


FOR  THE  TEAR  1864. 


MADT80TT: 
BKRUH  BROWN,  PBIKTBB. 

1866. 


Offiob  of  Oohmibbionebs  Sohool  Am)  IJiny£B8irr  Lakds, 

Madison,  Januaby  1, 1865. 
His  Exoellenoy,  Wiujam  A.  Babstow, 

Governor : 

Sir :    Herewith  we  have  the  honor  to  transmit,  for  communicfr- 
tion  to  the  Legislature,  the  Annual  Beport  of  the  Board  of  Oom- 
missioners  of  School  and  XTniversitj  Lands. 
Very  Respectfully, 

Tour  ob't  servants, 

ALEXANDER  T.  GRAY, 

Secretary  of  State, 

EDWARD  H.  JANSSEN, 
State  Treasurer. 

GEO.  B.  SMITH, 

Att'y  General. 


REPORT. 


Offxoe  of  O0KMISSI0KEB8  School  and  llKivBBsnT  Lakdb. 

Madibost,  Jan.  1, 1855* 
To  the  Legialatwre: 

The  Board  of  Commissioners  "for  the  sale  of  School  and  Univer- 
fitj  Lands,  and  for  the  investment  of  the  funds  arising  therefrom,^ 
f^espectfnlly  submit  the  following 

EEFORT. 

The  following  tabular  statement  exhibits  the  number  of  acres  of 
School  and  Universitj  Lands,  sold  in  the  several  counties  in  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fiftjfour,  the  amount  sold 
for,  the  amount  of  principal  paid,  amount  of  interest  paid,  and  the 
amount  of  principal  unpaid;  and  also  exhibits  the  number  of  acres 
unsold,  of  such  lands  as  have  been  offered  at  public  sale  aud  are 
now  subject  to  private  entry : 


Sales  of  School  Lands  in  1864. — 16th  Section. 


OOVXTZl 


No.  of 
Acros 
sold. 


Kenoflha 

Kacine 

Walworth. 

Milwaukee. 

Rock 

Waahington 

Dodge. 

JeffereoD 

Shebojgan 

Pood  duLac... 

Oolambia 

Dane 

Green . 

La  Fayette. 

Iowa 

Grant 

Brown... 

Oalamet. 

Manitowoc 

Sauk 

Varantftte , 

Watbara  .... 
Winneba^.. 
Outagamie  . . 
Waupacca... 

Portage 

KicUand.... 

.  Oiawford 

LaCroflse.... 

StGroiz* 

fierce. 

Polk- 

Bad  Ax 

Adams 

Door 

KewBuuee... 


Total. 


383 
40 

388 

50 

1320 

1240 

979 

161 

720 
1000 

260 
3080 

879 
1230 
8193 
8750 
3760 
1740 
4755 
7400 
5915 
5360 
19o0 
1880 
5280 
3880 
8720 
1240 
5121 
8440 
8060 
6600 
12400 
10320 
2720 
2160 


No  of 

Acres 

unsold. 


77041 


60 

"30 

760 
40 

'600 
160 
118.64 


1520 

840 

25G0 

840 

240 

2520 

1520 

2240 

174 

4404 

5800 

19560 

280 

4920 

3640 

640 

480 

5800 

1640 

14000 

4360 

36S9 


Amount 
■old  for. 


2.494  00 

282  50 

2.371  95 

4.541  10 

7.172  06 
4,892  80 

569  68 
232  02 
1.952  03 
1.905  00 
8.677  93 
8,150  08 

1.464  38 
3.4t^8  44 

22.792  64 
11.731  40 
6,186  56 
4,574  90 
6,450  36 
10.689  68 
9,756  32 
7,332  44 

2.173  54 
2,293  04 
5.636  18 
5,704  78 

18.561  35 

1.847  72 

6,633  53 

10,.000  20 

10,014  28 

8.492  55 

14,364  50 

14.115  85 

3,764  44 

4.465  85 


Principal 
Paid. 


252  00 

28  50 

235  95 

454  10 

1,115  06 

565  80 

58  68 

23  02 

197  03 

188  00 

895  93 

880  08 

161  3d 

364  44 

2,587  64 

1,291  40 

2,142  92 

470  90 

649  36 

1,328  68 

1,027  32 

776  44 

231  54 

227  04 

5S3  18 

972  78 

2.220  35 

209  72 

668  53 

1,179  20 

1.090  28 

922  55 

1,653  50 

1.866  85 

420  44 

479  85 


Interest 
Paid. 


Balance 
Due. 


69304.64  106,794  27  .12,497  27  4041  12   94,298  64 


57  68 

13  68 

115  30 

265  56 

260  21 

200  93 

26  44 

12  25 

91  47 

83  04 

275  12 

333  61 

60  26 

166  62 

894  67 

463  57 

99  74 

174  08 

3  6  12 

358  93 

410  15 

2^0  06 

90  86 

59  38 

2G0  46 

121  52 

792  63 

65  16 

222  39 

632  54 

567  58 

361  85 

542  27 

71  10 

162  16 

171  07 


9;M2  00 
254  00 
2.133  00 
4,057  00 
6,047  00 
4,327  00 

511  oe 

219  00 
1.755  00 
1,716  00 
7,782  00 
7,270  00 
1.303  00 
3.124  00 
20,205  00 
10,440  00 
4.043  64 
4,098  00 
5.801  00 
9.361  00 
8,729  00 
6,556  00 
1.942  00 
2.066  00 
5.0.0  00 
4.732  00 
16.341  00 
1.638  00 
5  965  00 
9.7S1  00 
8.924  00 
7.570  00 
12,711  00 
12.249  00 
3.344  00 
3,986  00 


Sales  of  School  Zcmdsy  600,000  Aors  Tracts  1864. 


ooiniTix& 


Ontagamie.... 

Oconto 

'Shawanaw 

Sauk 

mcLland 

Iowa. 

La  Grouse..... 

StOrotx. 

Bad  Ax 

Omwford 

Oolambia 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Calamet 

Munitowoc... 

Brown 

Bane. 

Jeffaraoo 

Waukeeba.... 
Qrant 


No.  of 

Acres 

flold. 


No  of 
Acres 

UDBOlJ. 


Total. 


29.775         360 

5130 

60,947 

3.6i2l 

3.600 

3,152 

2  992 

30,168 

18,410.52 

2,986 

80 

120 

19,600 

8,320 

8,040 

3G0     ,     ... 
1.497.59!  1.856.36 

480         112 
4,444.86      ... 


120 


3,080 
1.000 


Amount 
sold  for. 


37.531  95 

<s338  40 

76,820  90 

4,663  77 

5.S49  66 

7.971  82 

3.C2o  78 

37.926  00 

23218  74 

3  954  48 

101  60 

438  75 

27.935  13 

11.313  40 

10,748  04 

920  53 

2,014  06 

520  40 

5.031  46 


Principal 
Paid. 


IntsfMt 
Paid 


252  80 


210  05 

68  40 


171  12 

33  48 

304  60 

257  59 

252  24 

448  81 

177  52 

2565  46 

1054  85 

177  03 

6  27 

20  47 

1344  60 

671  85 

618  17 

54  09 

94  24 

24  25 

414  97 


'85,705.97!|6,530.36|  268,088  27  :       531  26    8791  72     267,557  01 


BaUme* 
Dua. 


37.431  95 

6.438  00 

76.810  90 

4,663  77 

5.849  66 

7371  8d 

3.625  78 

37.926  00 

23i248  74 

a954  48 

101  €0 

438  75 

37,935  13 

11.090  60 

10.745  04 

920  53 

1,804  00 

551  40 

6,034  46 


Sales  of  University  Lands^  1854. 


"Walworth 

Rock 

Columbia 

Dana 

Green 

La  Fayette  ... 

lovn 

Jefferson 

Bodfre.... 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Winnebago 

Calame 

Manit  >woc 

Bidiland 

Grant 


Total 15489.88 


No.  of 
Acres 
sold. 


400 
40 

758 

620 
1223 
4502 
2134 

119.88 

816 

720 

277 

520 

800 
1280 
1230 


No.  of 
Acres 

unsold. 


119 


54 

"860 

1481 

1240 

640 

47 


3941 


Amount 
sold  (OT, 


1,380  36 
310  28 
3.667  14 
2,5!<2  00 
3,905  22 
13.763  19 
6,203  74  I 

554  69 
3.003  14 
3.275  46 
1.816  72 
3.270  62 
2.291  90 
5.966  73 
4,508  00 


Principal 
Pail 


139  36 
33  28 
445  14 
262  00 
411  22 

1,450  19 
644  74 
55  69 
305  14 
329  46 
282  72 
524  62 
597  90 
607  78 

1,301  00 


56,499  19  7;^  19  11,987  31 


Interest 
Paid. 


61  73 

10  56 

143  57 

110  52 

120  30 

431  27 

279  21 

28  55 

120  17 

109  91 

61  95 

h7  30 

63  40 

251  03 

57  84 


Balance 
Due. 


1,241  OO 
278  00 
3.222  00 
2.320  00 
3,493  OO 

12.313  oa 

5>559  00 
499  09 
2  698  00 
2.946  00 
1.634  00 
2,746  00 
1  694  00 
5.359  00 
3.207  OO 


49,209  00 


SALE  OF  LAin^e. 

From  the  foregoing  Btatement  it  will  bo  seen  that  since  the  firti 
•^7  of  Janaarj  last  237,1 19  87-00  acres  of  land  have  been  sold,  and 
that  of  the  lands  which  have  been  offered  at  public  sale,  and  are 
now  subject  to  private  entry,  there  remain  unsold  of  16th  sections^ 
83,52664-100  acres;  of  the  five  hundred  thousand  acre  grant,  6,- 
530  36-100  acres;  and  of  university  lands,  3,941  acres. 

Under  the  five  hundred  thousand  acre  grant,  there  remain  about 
twenty-three  thousand  acres  to  be  selected,  and  there  are  about 
10,580  acres  of  selections  in  W  upacca  county,  which  have  not  yet 
been  offered  at  public  ealc.  These  arc  farming  lands  of  first  rate 
quality  well  watered  and  timbered,  and  will,  it  is  believed,  pro- 
duce considerably  more  than  the  appraised  value. 

The  selections  made  under  this  grant  by  agents  appointed  some- 
times by  the  legislature,  and  sometimes  by  the  governor  under  the 
direction  of  the  legislature,  should  all  have  been  from  the  choiceat 
lands  in  the  state  and  in  the  best  localities;  but  in  some  instances 
this  duty  has  been  shamefully  neglected,  and  the  lands  selected 
have  been  of  the  most  indifierent  diameter,  as  appears  by  the  re- 
ports of  appraisers.  Such  is  the  character  of  most,  if  not  all,  of  the 
lands  so  selected,  and  remaining  unsold,  excusive  of  those  mention- 
ed as  lying  in  the  county  of  Waupacca. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  month  of  September,  two  university 
sections,  in  Grant  county,  which  had  been  omitted  from  former 
public  sales,  were  offered  at  Plattevillo,  and  all  taken,  some  of 
the  subdivisions  bringing  au  advance  upon  the  appraisal. 

On  the  first  day  of  December,  selections  forming  part  of  the 
grant  of  five  hundred  thousand  acres,  were"offered  in  Shawanaw 
county ;  on  the  4th  day  of  December,  in  Oconto  county ;  and  on 
the  7th  day  of  December,  in  Outagamie  county.  On  the  ninth  of 
*of  the  same  month,  six  16th  sections  in  Brown  county,  which  had 
not  befo.e  been  offered  at  public  sale,  were  so  offered  at  Grec*^ 
Bay,  and  two  of  them  were  taken  at  the  sale. 

The  amount  received  ou  sales  of  school  land  effected  since  the 


commencement  of  such  sales,  in  each  jear,  appears  from  fi)rmar 

reports  to  be  as  follows : 

Li  1849  $74,476  72 

''    1850  444,264  15 

«   1851  229,790  80 

"   1852  61,026  20 

<'   1853  363,259  86 

«  1854  504,753  85 

Total,  $1,677,571  08 

In  the  two  last  years  the  books  in  this  oflSce  show  a  large  amount 
of  sales,  and  in  each  year  large  tracts  sold  to  individual  purchaserSi 
the  fund  being  thus  greatly  increased.  The  lands  once  offered  at 
public  auction  are  by  law  subject  to  private  entry,  and  the  amount 
to  bo  sold  at  private  sale  to  any  one  person  is  not  limited.  The 
Governor  and  the  commissioners  have  the  power  to  withdraw 
such  portion  of  them  from  sale  as  in  their  discretion  "it  may  not 
be  advantageous  to  sell  or  dispose  of,  and  for  as  long  a  time  as  in 
their  opinion  will  be  most  beneficial  to  the  university  and  school 
fund."  The  extent  of  this  discretion,  thus  defined  by  tlie  law, 
gives  no  option  on  the  part  of  the  Governor  and  commissioners 
to  refuse  the  sale  of  lands  on  account  of  the  quantity  applied  for 
by  any  one  person  being  more  than  lie  can  occupy  for  his  ovoi 
use,  since  the  more  raj)idly  sales  can  be  effected,  so  much  sooner 
will  these  funds  realize  the  benefit  of  the  endowcment  of  lands 
bestowed  upon  the  State  by  the  general  government.  And  if  in 
the  end  only  the  appraised  value  is  to  be  obtained,  the  sooner  the 
lands  are  sold  the  better. 

It  13  for  the  legislature,  however,  to  consider  whether  there  are 
reasons  relating  to  the  promotion  of  other  interests  than  those  of 
the  school  fund,  and  the  system  of  common  schooh  relying  upon 
it  for  support,  Sufficient  to  induce  the  adoption  of  a  policy  limiting 
and  restricting  the  sales  of  these  lands. 

LOANS. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amounts  loaned  to  individu- 
2 


10 

alfl,  and  the  whole  amonnt  loaned  in  each  eonntj,  of  school  and 
nniversitj  fnnd^,  and  also  the  amount  of  interest  paid  in  advance 
npon  such  loans. 


BROWV  COUNTY. 

School. 

Loan. 

Interest. 

Dec  31, 

1853 

MJMead 

500  00 

36  10 

JaD  26,  ] 

L864 

John  W  Colton 

440  00 

28  67 

940  00 

63  67 

CALUMXT  oouimr. 

Universiiy, 

Jan  0, 1854 

James  RoLinsoa 

126  00 

8  62 

March  16,  1854 

William  Fowler 

400  00 

22  07 

do    2 

6,    do 

Oreamus  D  Fowler, 

300  90 

16  66 

47  16 

825  00 

COLUMBIA   COUHTK^. 

ScJiool, 

Jan  r. 

1854 

John  A  Grand 

150 

do  17, 

do 

E  K  Vaughan 

300 

20  06              ' 

do  20, 

do 

Alfred  A  West  and  Thomas  West 

400 

26  50 

do  20, 

do 

Horatio  T  Thomas 

200 

13  26 

do  20, 

do 

John  Brick  well 

200 

13  25 

do  20, 

do 

Gorge  M  W  Carey 

200 

IS  25 

do  27. 

do 

James  Devine 

200 

12  05 

do  28, 

do 

Catherine  Hermong 

200 

12  3G 

Feb  7, 

do 

William  M  Drake 

500 

31  38 

do    8, 

do 

Edmund  F  Lewis 

200 

12  61 

do    8, 

do 

John  Irving  Jr 

150 

9  33 

do  10, 

do 

Solomon  Clark 

100 

6  21 

do  10, 

do 

John  Sines 

200 

11  27 

do  10, 

do 

Joel  CUrk 

100 

6  SI 

do  10, 

do 

A  C  Ketchum 

50O 

30  90 

doll. 

do 

C  G  McCullock 

500 

30  99 

do  13, 

do 

William  McDonald 

250 

16  30 

do  14, 

do 

L  W  Barden 

300 

18  32 

do  14, 

do 

M  R  Keegan 

500 

30  70 

do  14, 

do 

H  McFarlane 

500 

80  70 

do  14, 

do 

William  Armstrong 

500 

80  70 

do  16, 

do 

Casper  F  Martia 

100 

6  12 

do  16, 

do 

H  B  Anderson 

500 

30  61 

11 


Intenik. 


doir. 

do 

Frederick  C  CurtiflB 

do  17. 

do 

NHWood 

do  17, 

do 

Robert  Thompaoa 

do  20, 

do 

MTDmper 
Merwin  MoeeB 

do  SI, 

do 

do  21, 

do 

Edwin  N  Siorms 

do  21, 

do 

James  HoUoway 

do  24, 

do 

Martin  1^  Peck 

do  28, 

do 

Joseph  Hartman 

Aprl, 

do 

A  Thompson 

Dec  8, 

do 

Hugb  M  Thompson 

Vhiversify, 

Feb  3, 

1854 

Thomas  Christopher 

do   d, 

do 

C  H  Moore 

Maris, 

do 

HMBeecroft 

DAra   COUNTT, 

Sekod. 

Dec  30,1854 

John  M  Dudley 

Jan  26, 

do 

John  Kershaw 

do    7, 

do 

CUra  Weed 

do    9, 

do 

PAW  Butler 

do  10, 

do 

Francis  Gault 

doll, 

do 

John  Collins 

do  20, 

do 

Abraham  Bradley 

dodo 

do 

Sylvester  B  Williams 

dodo 

do 

Augustus  W  Dickenson 

do  24, 

do 

Frank  H  Firman 

do  25, 

do 

Alexander  L  Collins 

Feb  14, 

do 

W  D  Bird 

do  10, 

do 

Daniel  Davidson 

do    8, 

do 

Demming  Fitch 

do  10, 

do 

Benjamin  F  Denson 

do  23, 

do 

Warren  K  Hawes 

do  28, 

do 

George  M  Oakley 

do  13, 

do 

John  Parkinson 

do    9, 

do 

Andrew  Smith 

do    6, 

do 

William  A  Pierce 

do    4, 

do 

.  Daniel  McDonald 

do    2, 

do 

Algernon  8  Wood 
MLBoyce 

do    1, 

do 

400 
500 
150 
200 
300 
200 
200 
200 
150 
250 
150 

9450 


4CI0 
400 
200 

1000 


500 
200 
250 
500 
450 
200 
200 
120 
275 
250 
500 
200 
240 
350 
420 
450 
500 
150 
600 
500 
200 
200 
225 


24  33 

30  22 

9  18 

10  21 

Id  08 

12  06 

12  00 

11  82 

8  76 

13  It 

G3 

504  37 

25  09 

25  09 

11  08 

63  20 


35  19 

12  98 

17  16 

34  09 

20  61 

13  60 

12  25 

7  95 

18  18 

16  34 

32  69 

12  21 

14  64 

21  76 

26  25 

26  86 

30  16 

9  12 

31  18 

31  28 

12  79 

12  79 

14  44 


It 


Mch  4,  1854 

do    4,  do 

do    7,  do 

do  13,  do 

do  13,  do 

do  16,  do 

May  15,  do 

Jan  22,  do 

lfovl6,  do 

Sept20,  do 


WiHiam  Freemas 
Charles  S  Peaslej 
Joseph  Oraj 
Jonn  Elobinaom 
AC  Preus 
Alvis  Fix 
H  W  NickenoB 
Adalbert  laaouui 
R  F  Wilson 
E  Richardson 


LOSB, 

200 
300 
500 
100 
300 

loo 

200 
400 

200 
300 


3,700 


VmversUif. 


InterML 

11  48 

7  25 
28  40 

5  64 

10  81 

5  52 

8  75 
14  61 

1  71 
5  83 


Total 

♦9,705  00 

$573  30 

CTfUMTfAy. 

Feb    1,    do 

Thomas  Heeran 

350 

22  46 

do    2,    do 

Leonard  W  French 

200 

12  74 

do    3,    do 

John  W  Hunt 

300 

10  05 

do    8,    do 

J  R  Brigham 

500 

31  28 

Mchl5,    do 

Harom  J(»rdan 

200 

11  08 

dole,    do 

Elisha  W  Keyes 

500 

27  50 

Feb  23,  1854 

Michael  Ames 

300 

10  4t 

do  23,  do 

Lawrence  Connor 

300 

17  00 

do  23,  do 

A  Bryant 

500 

20  36 

do  C7,  do 

H  £  Connit 

500 

29  36 

do   7,  do 

A  B  Jones 

200 

12  55 

March  2,  1854 

Patrick  O'Hara 

100 

5  75 

do    7,    do 

William  Cabkirk 

500 

28  46 

do   8,    do 

William  C  Rice 

500 

28  36 

do    8,  do 

LH  Chase 

500 

88  86 

do  21,   do 

Catharine  Hart 

200 

10  85 

do  21,   do 

Michael  Keelly 

200 

10  85 

215  77 


Maroh  23, 1854 

R  Cowles 

[fohd  du  LAO  oounr. 
School. 

500 

82  37 

Jan>  24,  1854 
Feb      4,   do 

Rudolph  Ebert 
John  Lyons 

500 

100 

32  66 
6  38 

It 


Marf]i4, 1854 
do     7»    do 
do     8,    do 
L  11,    do 


Fletcher  Fairbank 
J  H  Haight 
Cornelius  MaugaQ 
£  Manger 


150 
500 
280 
425 


Intereat. 

8  63 
28  46 
15  88 
23  06 


1,955 

115  93 

UnmnUy. 

M«Rhl8, 

do 

W  H  Walker 

£khool. 

300 

16  56^ 

Jm'j  12, 
Feb     16, 
Feb     24, 

1864 
do 
do 

Ewa  Wwtcott 
Thoinas  Fenton 
liBri^B 

1 

600 
800 
200 

1000 

33  99 

20  06 
11  90 

65  89 

OmuertUy. 

March  «, 

1864 

James  MSealea 

ORAMT  ooxmrr 
School. 

400 

2d  84 

do    «, 

do  IS, 

April   1, 

do     1, 

do 
do 
do 
do 

Henry  Oorrell 
Henry  Clark 
George  H  Cox 
William  F  Dewey 

500 
500 
500 

500 

28  55 
28  07 
26  25 
26  25 

2000 


109  12 


Feb  17,  do 

do  21,  do 

do  25»  do 

Mareb  7,  do 

do     7,  do 

Jan'y  24,  do 

Jao'jr  2<H  do 


Iowa  Couittt. 

JSkhooi. 

Sphfaim  Norton 
John  B  Skinner 
John  B  Skiuneri  Jr 
R  D  TslforrI, 
M  M  Cothren 
Charles  Wilson 
N  B  Boyden 


400 
500 
500 
600 
250 
133 
500 

2|783 


146  39 


UtdvenUy.  Louu  Interest. 

March  15. 1864  Joseph  Miller  MO  H  W 

do     l«Uo  Charles  8  MiUaid  300  H  0<^ 

800  44  25 

JSFrBBflOH    OOUHTT. 

Jan'y  21,  1864  Stephen  Faville 

Feb    16,  do  Walter  H  Besley 

do    16,  do  D  Howell 

do    28,  do  John  E  Holmes 

March  1,  do  Jnstice  Carpenter 

do     4,  do  James  Eraser 

do  11,  do  AH  Waldo 

April  16,  do  John  J  Perkins 

Kov  26,  do  EH  Benson 


600 

32  04 

SOO 

18  48 

600 

30  13 

300 

17  60 

440 

26  67 

250 

14  38 

600 

28  72 

364  73 

17  68 

600 

3  60 

3,644  73  188  ZB 

LA  FATETTTC  CtoUKTY, 

School, 

Jan  20, 1854  EWHart  160  9  91 

do  27,    do  Thomas  Baty  200  12  96 

Feb   1      do  Preserved  Ireland  400  26  67 

Mar  7     do  J  H  Earnest  600  28  46 

do    8     do  James  B  Gray  600  28  86 

do  20,    da  Michael  Feimey  300  16  32 

do  27,    do  J  R  Rose  800  15  92 

Apr  1,    do  Peter  Parkinson  Jr  200  10  60 

Mar  3,    do  SamnelGBugh  600  28  07 

3050  176  16 

LA  0R09SK  OOUNTT. 

School. 

Jan    1,  1854  William  M  Young 

do    1,  do  Dafid  McConnell 

do  26,  do  Wiiriam  McConnell 

Feb  9,  do  Robert  Looney 

do  22,  do  Cyrtrn  K  Lord 

Mar  7,  do  DM  West 

do  8,  do  A  J  Ellis 

do  13,  do  Da?!*  Wright 

3,200  193  68 


350 

24  60 

150 

10  50 

200 

12  95 

600 

31  09 

600 

29  94 

600 

28  46 

600 

28  36 

600 

27  88 

16 

UXLWAVMMM  OOmiTT. 

aekool.  Loan.  bterat 

Fab   17,  1854      Hav«D  Powen  500  80  22 

Mar  21 1    do        Johs  Carmodj  500  85  00 

do    21,    do       £d«rardO*Nea  400  21  70 


1,400 

86  02 

ICAHITOWOO  OOUHTT. 

School. 

Mar  2,  1854 

DB  Knapp 
Fredrick  Solomon 

800 

17  44 

do    9, 

do 

160    . 

14  00 

Oct  12) 

do 

Heniy  Bom 

181 
631 

2  73 

34  17 

KARQUKTW  OOUITIT. 

School. 

Jan  13, 

do 

William  L  McEenzie 

500 

33  81 

*  do  13, 

do 

W  H  Gleaw* 

500 

33  81 

do  80, 

do 

A  J>  Wright 

450 

28  97 

Feb  16, 

do 

£  B  Craig 

500 

33  42 

do  21^ 

do 

A  WStour 

600 

30  03 

do  23, 

do 

MWSeelj 

400 

23  87 

do  28, 

do 

W  P  Bowman    . 

800 

17  56 

do  28, 

do 

Qtorge  H  Chamberlain 

260 

14  63 

Mch  4, 

do 

Sylvester  Wade 

200 

11  5<V 

do    4, 

do 

RojalTWella 

200 

11  60 

Apl  13. 

do 

A  C  Beuham 

Total 

158 

7  79 

8,058  00 

246  89 

OUTAGAMIE    COUNTT. 

School. 

Dec  81, 

do 

David  P  Mead 

PIKBCE    CQQUTTs 

School. 

500 

Z5  10 

Jne  17, 

do 

James  M  Bailey 

BICHLAKD   COUNTY. 

VhiversUy. 

500 

18  75 

Mcbia, 

do 

Albert;  ODaHj 

260 

13  71 

do  18, 

do 

Darid  B  Toung 

500 

21  42 

Total  750  41  13 


1« 


Feb  16, 1654 
do  24,    do 


RAonis  oouHxr. 

Sekod. 
W  Spaford 
Tbomas  Moyle 


Interest* 

30  60 
14  78 


760 

45  28 

EOCK  COUNTY. 

Sehool 

JsD'y    20, 

1354 

A  Q  Felt 

200 

13  26 

Feb       6, 

do 

John  L  Thomas 

600 

31  28 

do      14, 

do 

John  FerriDe 

500 

30  70 

do      24, 

do 

laaac  F  Smith 

500 

29  75 

do      25, 

do 

Chancey  I  King 

500 

29  46 

Varch    2, 

do 

Cyrus  Curtice 

200 

11  63 

do      10, 

do 

Thomas  R  Wooliscroft 

500 

28  17 

Not    16, 

do 

F  Whittaker 

200 

1  71 

Dec     20, 

do 

H  0  Wilson 

500 

96 

July      6, 

do 

S  C  Willelt 

600 

16  88  . 

do       6, 

do 

W  Wiffginton  &  Co 

500 

16  88 

do     22, 

do 

Isaac  Woodell 

500 
6,100 

15  35 

226  02 

Vhivertity. 

Feb     2, 

do 

Levi  Alden 

500 

31  85 

March  6, 

do 

Geori^e  B  Ely 

600 

28  55 

do    24, 

do 

G  W  BuDce 

600 
1,500 

27  21 

87  61 

SAUK    COUNTY 

School. 

Feb    18, 

do 

E  H  McLaughlin 

100 

6  06 

Kaithfi, 

E  G  Wheeler 

160 

8  66 

Oct      9, 

Charles  £  Jenkins 

500 
750 

7  84 

22  56 

0T.    CROIX  COUKTY. 

School. 

Feb   27, 

do 

Dexter  B  BaQey 

200 

11  79 

do    27, 

do 

ODGray 

218 

12  85 

418 


a  04 


17 


OSflBBOYOAN  OUNTT. 

School. 

Loan. 

Jan  J  16, 

1854 

H  0  Hobert 

300 

Feb       9, 

do 

Frederick  Stacks 

500 

March    V, 

do 

Jam  OS  Haldwin  > 

200 

do     13, 

do 

L  W  AVright 

100 

do     13, 

do 

EJijali  Dawley 

250 

Deo  27,  do 

Jan'y  3,  do 

Feb  4,  do 

Feb  14,  do 

Feb  13,  do 

March  4,  do 

Nov  9,  do 


Jan   17,1854 

do    20, 

do 

do   24, 

do 

do    24, 

do 

Feb  iO, 

do 

do    10, 

do 

do    10, 

do 

do    13, 

do 

do    15, 

do 

do    21, 

do 

do    21, 

do' 

do    22, 

do 

do    23, 

do 

do    26, 

do 

do    27, 

do 

Mch    «, 

do 

do      «, 

do 

do    16, 

do 

do    Ifi, 

do 

do    16, 

do 

April, 

do 

Ma7  26 

do 

WALWORTH   COUNTY. 

School. 

Eleazer  Wakely 
E  E  stab  rook 
John  M  Evans 
Allnwi  II  Perry 
W  P  Alk-n 
Thomas  Garre 
Augustine  W  Dickinson 


WAUKESHA  COUNTY. 

School. 
Aiv^on  H  Taylor 
Robert  Weir' 
Henry  O  Wright 
Jacob  Hern 
Benedict  A  Bovee 
Ransom  Kesler 
Thomas  W  PUmaii 
Stephen  Platy 
J  U  Hilliard 
Robert  Rogers 
JohTi*A  Rice 
Isaac  Kato 
Robert  \\.  McCarter 
John  Williams 
ON  Cole 
Homer  riiird 
Israel  McCanwell 
A  L  Cftstlemaii 
L  B  Seymour 
W  H  Thomas 
James  O'Riely 
F  MoNaoghton 


1,350 


300 
500 
200 
500 
500 
600 
275 

2,775 


lotereflt . 

20 

n 

31 

18 

11 

40 

5  58 

13 

95 

82  22 


161  75 


800 

20  06 

500 

33  04 

500 

32  W 

400 

26  21 

500 

31  09 

350 

21  76 

500 

31  09 

150 

0  U 

500 

30  61 

600 

90  03 

600 

30  03 

500 

29  94 

500 

29  84 

400 

28  71 

350 

20  65 

500 

28  75 

600 

28  75 

SCO 

27  «9 

500 

27  69 

600 

26  25 

200 

10  08 

600 

5. 48 

9,660 


654  47 


18 


WAUKSSflA   COUMTT. 


Mek    9,  1864 
4o    21,    do 


Feb  27, 

do    27, 

Uch  13, 


do 
do 
do 


Feb   9,  do 

do  11,  do 

do  28,  do 

do  23,  do 

April  3,  do 

May  15,  do 

do  15,  do 

8ept21,  do 


Vmveniiy. 
Andrew  E  Elmore 
l^elfionP  Hawks 


WAUPACCA    COUNTT. 

School. 
P  0  Chase 
B  F  Phillips 
John  M  Vaughan 


WINNBBAQO  COUKTT. 

School. 

A  A  Austin 
Charles  Brady 
J  Murdock 
Bichard  P  Eigbme 
W  L  Williams 
A  F  Larrabee 
H  W  Nickison 
A  Lippen 


Loan. 

800 
600 

800 


600 
600 
600 

1,600 


100 
600 
600 
840 
600 
160 
200 
600 

2,880 


Interest. 

16  96 

20  68 


43  64 


29  36 
29  36 
28  07 

86  79 


11 

86 

80 

80 

30 

62 

20 

29 

26  92 

6 

66 

7 

58 

11 

24 

144  76 


Uhioertiiy. 

March  81,    do  S  L  Brooks  200  10  60 

Total  Loans  from  School  Fund  78,663  78 

«  «  University  9,125  00 

By  virtne  of  an  act  approved  April  1,  1854,  entitled  "An  act 
to  authorize  a  loan  to  the  University  of  Wisconsin,"  the  CommiB- 
sioners  have  also  loaned  to  that  institution  the  sum  of  twelve 
thousand,  seven  hundred,  and  thirtj-five  dollars  and  thirty-three 
cents,  ($12,735  38)  out  of  the  principal  of  the  University  Fund. 

With  the  exception  of  the  loan  last  mentioned,  to  the  State  U*ni- 
'  versity,  it  will  be  seen  that  these  moneys  have  been  loaned  to  In- 
dividuals in  sums  varying  from  five  hundred  dollars,  the  largest 
amount  allowed  to  be  loaned  to  any  one  person,  to  the  least  sum. 


19 

which  is  cme  hnndrod  dollars.  For  these  loans  we  have  taken 
mortgage  security  in  conformity  with  law,  and  the  mortgages  have 
all  been  recorded.  These,  together  with  the  evidences  of  title  in 
each  case  and  of  its  freedom  from  incnmbrance,  are  on  file  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  subject  to  the  inspection  and  ex- 
amination of  the  Legislature. 

The  law  upon  tliis  subject  requires,  that  all  persons  applying  for 
a  loan  shall  produce  to  the  Commissioners,  for  their  inspection,  the 
•title  papers,  showing  a  clear  and  valid  title  in  fee  simple,  without 
incumbrance,  to  the  property  offered  in  pledge,  and  not  derived 
through  any  executor  or  administrator's  sale,  or  sale  on  execution. 
Sec.  6.5,  Chap.  24,  Revised  Sratutes.  It  is  also  provided  in  this 
section  that  the  Commissioners  shall  duly  inform  themselves  of  the 
Talue  of  real  estate  offered  in  pledge  as  aforesaid,  and  shall  judge 
of  the  validity  of  the  title  thereof. 

Sections  74  and  71  provide  that  no  greater  sura  than  five  hundred 
dollars,  nor  less  than  one  hundred,  shall  be  loaned  to  any  one  per- 
son, and  that  no  loan  shall  be  made  for  a  longer  period  than  five 
years. 

Section  76  provides  that  the  sum  loaned  shall  not  exceed  one 
half  of  the  appraised  value  clear  of  all  perishable  improvements, 
and  the  commissioners  may  reduce  the  amount  to  be  loaned,  &c. 

Section  79  requires  the  persoa  applying  for  a  loan  to  produce  a 
and  file  with  the  commissioners  a  complete  chain  of  title  to  the 
land  oflTered  to  be  mortgaged,  and  the  certificate  of  the  clerk  of 
the  circuit  court,  and  register  of  deeds  of  the  county  in  which  tKe 
land  lies,  showing  that  there  is  no  conveyance  of,  nor  incumbrance 
on,  said  land,  in  either  of  their  offices. 

Bj  section  80,  the  applicant,  before  he  receives  the  money  to  be 
loaned,  must  make  oath  to  'the  truth  of  an  abstract  of  title  to  his 
land,  and  that  there  is  no  incumbrance,  or  better  plaim  in  law  or 
equity  that  he  knows  or  believes,  upon,  or  to  said  land. 

These  are  the  guards  that  the  law  has  thrown  around  the  loan- 
ing of  the  School  and  University  Fund,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
eonuaaisaionerB  to  see  that  every  provision  of  law  above  cited  is 


20 

complied  with,  before  they  part  with  the  money.  Nplwitbstand- 
ing  all  these  precautions  the  law  is  deficient,  and  if  public  officers 
had  not  boon  more  mindful  of  the  interests  of  this  fund,  than  tk© 
le-^islaturc  Iia?  Lv,xn,  iLmiglit  have  suf; ered  in  consecpicucc  ofsuch 
defect-.  Scvjiid  LL-iVcts  of  the  law  v»'e:o  i)o:iil^d  out  b}' 1  ho  com- 
mit-icnors  inthjlr  r/^mial  report^,  in  t!ie  years  Vcji  and  185:i,  but 
noamoiulnioii:  luis  y':.t  Iicoii  m:ido.  T!ii  c^iuiuissiuu^ji-a,  however, 
did  ilioir  duty,  a:id  sii;);>liLd  ^vhat  wa^  vrarilin/  ])y  :uUg  requiring 
apph'-jarit.-)  t.)  produce  a  certifiu.^te  of  l!ie  cloik  i^f  tl.j  board  of  su- 
pervisors of  tlu,^  county. ,  that  tli.^  land  v'lijred  ii?  Sc'viJly  is  clear 
from  luxes  or  out  <  'rai'lin?:  tax  titles,  a^d,  in  K^inj  L\.:ies,  tlie  certif- 
icate ot' ta.j  clerk  of  t-.o  district  C'/cin-  of  the  I'uilel  Slates,  that 
there  are  nojud-^nientsof  tnatcourt  aii'jclliig  iLj  title.  Ihese,  to- 
;;etlu:i'  wiLli  Ocli.^r  rule::-  calcahi^ed  to  e.i:iaro  :;:'cater  certainty  of 
the  .nitiiciency  of  serniriliea  ofFerod,  we  have  u.iopteJ;  and,  except 
the  ccrtiiiC:.lo  of  the*c'o: k  of  the  UnituO  Slalom  dictriec  c*..»ur',  v/hich 
we  only  rccpiire  when  v.-o  deem  it  proper  to  do  sj,  evidences  of  se- 
curity in  accordance  tiierewith  will  b:'  found  with  the  papers  rela- 
tina;  to  every  loan  ma'lo  by  us.  AVitli  such  i  r^'caulions  strictly 
observed,  and  with  due  investigation  of  title,  wo  have  great  confi- 
dencG  tJint  the  fund  vnll  not  bo  likely  t )  incur  even  iuconsidui'able 
losses.  The  loans  bci'\:;  j^nxall  in  amjiint  are  generally  applied  for 
by  pernOHR  who  need  a  little  m  mey,  at  a  reasonable  rate  of  inter- 
est, to  improve  tlieir  fariuj^,  or  to  retain  po^^i  ssion  of  them,  and 
with"  the  rise  in  tl.c  value  of  rerd.  estate,  tli-j  reearity  be'ng  every 
veare^jhanccJ,  thefailnrco  to  mako  payment  of  intorc^L  ur  of  ])riu- 
cipal,nowbutfew,  will  be  proporlion:dly  le^^sened. 
^^TiicTaw,  providing  in  Sec.  7-1.  Chi^p.  21,  Eevised  Statute-:,  tliat 
no  loan  shall  bo  made  for  alon-^er  period  than  iive  years,  provides 
^Rsf^y  ^ITPift  any  por^.n  obtainin;^^  a  loan  may  have  the  privile.';o  of 
^^t6rf(Bn/^  tlfie  time  of  payment  of  the  i»rincipal  from  joar  to  year,  on 
"^aymefit  flWiually  in  advance  of  t!je  interest  on  the  snni  due,  at  the 
rate  of  inti^Hift  specified  in  the  original  mortgage,  and  thelcgisla- 
terof  Mdjf^hBoeafter  change  the  law  so  as  to  require  payment  of 
aadde&doslBrfdailJhnKjy  at  any  time  after  one  year  frem  the  time  wheEPi 
atUidtia^iQirftriidBi  shall  have  expired,"    By  this  provision  while 


21 

the  bprrowcr  has  the  privIKjge  of  oxtondhig  the  time  of  paying 
the  principal  of  the  loan  mado  to  him,  upon  pcrfonnanc)  of  the 
condition  named,  he  is  left  to  the  uncertainty  of  the  action  of  the 
legislature,  which  may,  in  its  discretion,  at  any  time  after  one  year 
from  the  date  of  the  loan  call  in  the  whole  aniomit.  Instead  of 
this  we  are  of  the  opinion,  and  we  respectfully  bUffgest,  the  amend- 
ment of  the  law  to  that  effect,  that  the  interest  being  paid  annual- 
ly, the  period  for  which  loans  [>re  luado  should  be  extended  to  ten 
years,  or  even  a  longer  time.  To  require  the  payment  of  the  prin- 
cipal in  any  shorter  period,  is  only  to  incur  the  trouble  of  making 
a  new  investment,  which  would  be  useless  when  the  security  for 
one  already  made  stands  good.  While  the  interests  of  the  fund 
would  in  no  wise  suffer  from  such  a  provision,  the  accommodation 
to  the  class  of  persons,  who  are  in  general  the  borrowers,  would 
be  very  greatly  increased. 

TOTAL  OF  LOAKS. 

Wbple  amount  due  from  individuals  in  the  several  counties  on 

account  of  loans  from  the  school  and   University  funds,  on  the 

thirty  first  day  of  December,  1853,  $164,886  51 

Amount  of  loans  made  to  individuals  in  1854  82,788  73 

do  do        do        university,  1854  12,735  33 


Deduct  $250,410  57 

do.     paid  on  loans  in  1854  4,866,00 

Total  due  on  loans  $246,544  57 

SCHOOL  FUND. 

Amount  received  on  account  of  School  Fund  during  the  year 
1854. 

On  sales  previously  made  $12,024  90 

On  sales  of  land  during  the  year  1854  42,920  07 

On  loans  paid  4,866  00 

On  fines  and  forfeitures  2,872  20 

5  per  cent,  penalty  on  forfeited  lands  2,150  07 


Total  Bec^pts  $94,833  27 


22 

Amount  paid  out  on  same  account. 

On  loans  $73,663  78 

For  other  purposes  11,332  33 

Total  Disbursements    '  $84:,996  06 

SCHOOL  FUKD  INCOME. 

Eeceipts  $106,235  08 

Disbursements,  moneys  apportioned  to  counties  97,168  88 

UNivERsrrr  fund. 

Amount  received  on  account  of  university  fund. 

On  sales  previously  made  $2,597  47 

On  sales  of  lands  during  the  year  1854:  6,959  72 

On  loans  paid  250  00 

5  per  cent,  penalty  on  forfeited  lands  138  40 

$9,945  59 
Amount  paid  out  on  same  account. 

On  loans  $21,860  33 

For  other  purposes  38  60 

$31,898  93 

UNIVERSFTY  FUND  INCOME. 

Eeceipts  $8,775  08 

Disbursements  to  university  10,640  00 

For  a  complete  and  detailed  statement  of  the  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements of  these  funds,  we  refer  to  the  report  of  the  Secretary 
of  State,  for  the  year  ending  December  31st,  1854,  and  fur  infi)rm- 
ation  in  relation  to  the  amount  of  schc  ol  and  university  funds  now 
in  the  treasury,  subject  to  loan,  we  refer  to  the  report  of  the  State 
Treasurer. 

The  capital  of  the  school  fund  amounts,  at  this  time,  to/  the  sum 
of  $1,670,'258  77,  being  an  increase  since  December  3l6t,  1853,  of 
$528,454  49. 

This  capital  consists  of  the  following  items: 

Due  on  sales  of  land,  heretofore  made  $1,416,262  50 

Due  on  school  fund  loans  220,iU4  24 

In  the  treasury  84,6»2  03 


$1,670,258  77 


S8 

The  capital  of  the  uniyeraity  fund  to  this  date^  amounts  to  the 
8am  of  $161,146  61 

And  consists  of  the  following  items : 
Dae  on  sales  of  land  135,916  28 

Dae  on  loans  25,230  33 


$161,146  61 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  namber  of  acres  of  school 
and  university  lands  forfeited  in  the  different  counties  daring  the 
year  18o4,  the  number  of  acres  sold  and  the  number  of  acres  unsold, 
together  with  the  amount  sold  fpr,  and  the  amount  of  five  per  cent. 
penalty  realized  to  the  school  fund  on  that  account: 

Forfeited  Lands^  Sixteenth  Section. 


00UKTIX3. 

No.  of 

Acres 

Forfeited 

No.  of 
Acres 
sold. 

No.  of 
Acres 
unsold. 

Amount 
Dae. 

Amount 
sold  for 

Bad  Ax 

40 
200 
353.S0 

79 
120 
320 
278.4 
490 
220 
600 

40 
9.92 

50 
280 

80 

512.20 
340.74 
120 

40 
53425 

40.18 
160 
240 
259.74 
380 
2-^.95 
160 
200 

40 
200 
330.42 

76 

320 

278.4 

490 

220 

560 

40 
9.92 

50 
280 

80 

472.20 
182.24 

80 

40 
518.75 

160 

160 

259.74 

380 

249.95 

160 

200 

23.38 
120 

40 

40 

158.50 
40 

i$i25 
40.18 

80 
40 

51  00 
393  00 

1.009  00 
121  00 
162  00 

1.485  09 
531  00 

1.467  00 
338  00 

liieo  00 

164  00 
100  00 
225  00 
549  00 
838  00 

L410  00 

701  00 

161  00 

54  00 

4451  00 
302  00 
198  00 
716  00 

1.086  00 
661  56 

1.600  00 
364  00 
344  00 

57  62 

Brown..... ...... 

459  67 

Columbia 

Calumet 

920  44 
136  52 

Crawford.      ..--- 

Dane 

1.800  13 

Dodge.... .--- 

649  95 

Food  du  Lac 

Oimnt 

1.737  11 
411  80 

Iowa  .... .... .... 

1.075  48 

184  18 

Keoosha. 

119  50 

LaFayelto 

La  Crosse 

Milwaukee 

Manitowoc. 

Marquette 

Outagamie 

PortM?e 

950  25 
618  38 
939  56 
1.540  61 
252  96 
181  82 
60  98 

Roct:.. 

Raeine 

4933  89 

Rirhlaod ......... 

^  224  76 

Sbeboygafi 

Walworth 

Waokesha 

Waahincton 

Winnemgo 

Wauaham 

601  69 

1.346  35 

786  97 

lau  11 

442  44 
275  78 

Total 

6.437.89 

5.840.55 

597.56 

20.641  56 

21J369  79 

24 


Ffyrfeited  T.anfh  hi  ih-  oDO.OOO  A'^i'i  Tract. 


COUNTIM. 

Xo.  of 

Acrc'8 
ForfeiU'd 

No.  of 

Ac:vs 
Sold. 

No.  of 

Ai'.ps 

Unsold. 

Amount 
due  be- 
l-\o  Sale. 

Amount 
of 

Cost  of 

Intc'T>t 

•\.lv-rrai 

Amount 
Sold  for. 

Bad  Ax 

Bro\rn 

Calurnet 

Colurnbli 

Crawford 

Dane 

•Grantw 

Iowa 

760 

120 
2  5!6.73 

160 
40 

200 

280 
40 

248.50 
3.959.5U 
1.040 
3,0ji0 

183.75 

200 

320 
4,769.10 

180 

760 

120 
2.516.73 

160 
40 

200 

280 
40 

208.50 
^,959.50 
1,010 
3.080 

183.75 

200 

320 
4,769.10 

180 

40 

019  17 

^>12  01 

43:^6  60 

•i03  20 

50  73 

515  85 

417  5  . 

HO  42 

321)  00 

5136  01 

i:302  0^ 

40s  I  K^^ 

410  3-^ 

251  15 

480  20 

6027  09 

1h6  00 

47  -in 

111  «;.:. 

216  N-^ 

JO  16 

2  5( 
:J5  79 
20  h< 

4  02 

95  77 

31  11' 
316  73 

19  75 

4  01 

3S  57 

32  lUi 
6  12 

1092  40 

253  83 

d900  16 

233  11 

57  31 

5M)  21 

.471  10 

90  56 

Jeffuraou 

LaCroasc. 

LaFajotte.... 
Manitowoc... 
Outafjarnia... 

Ricbland 

Bank 

16  00 
256  HO 

65  10 
201  00 

20  52 
12  71 

21  01 
301  35 

9  30 

29  60 

7II-2  64 

102  90 

'^W^  H6 

31  17 

20  21 

38  59 

■t>7  OS 

15  02 

3)1  34 

5895  45 
1470  05 
4645  54 
462  07 
2r^7  10 
542  80 

St.  Crrix 

Waukesha, 

6816  42 
210  32 

Total 

18.097.58 

18,057.58 

/o 

2-1963  OS 

1218  15 

2363  63 

28319  80 

University  Lands  Forfeited, 


couTmss. 


Oreen 

Ofcen *. 

Fonddu  Lac. 
Fond  da  Lac. 
Fonddu  Lac. 
Winnebago.-. 
Winnebago... . 
Wimiebago».: 

Rock™- 

Rock 

Hock 

Rock^ 

Manitowoc. 
Ricbland 


Total. 


No.  of 

Acres 

Forfeited 


42.22 
39.38 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
Fract'al. 


40 
40 
40 


401.60 


No.  of 
Acres 

Sold. 


42  22 
39.38 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
Pnict'aL 


40 
40 
40 


401.60 


No.  of 

Acr«'.s 

Unsold. 


40 


40 


Amount 
Due. 


47  00 

106  00 
163  00 
212  00 
208  00 
253  00 
253  00 
253  00 

27  00 

18  00 

13  00 

235  00 

108  00 

107  00 


Amoont 
Sold  for. 


53  14 
119  33 
183  06 
337  94 
333  46 
319  3d 
383  86 
383  86 

30  74 

30  66 

31  9& 
363  70 


120  34 


3,003  00  3,l7i  18 


The  preceding  statement  shows  that  nearly  all  of  the  lands  bo 
fotfeited,  amounting  to  about  twenty-five  thousand  acres,  have  been 
re-Bold  during  the  present  year,  at  the  appraised  value  with  coats 


aad  cbargeA  of  aale^  and  five  per  cent  poualtj  added.  By  sectidn 
3  of  an  ^^aet  in  relation  to  &el»>ol  laad,"  approfved  Mardi  19. 1858, 
iti&mado  iihe  ^  klnty  of  the  oommiBsionerB,- whenever  aoy  of  the 
school  or  university  lands  ehall  have  heen  forfeited  for  the  space  of 
six  months,  by  reason  of  the  nonpayment  of  prinoipal  or  interest^ 
to  adrertiaain  some  newsp&per  publisthed  in  the  connty'in  Trhioh 
8uoh  lands  lie,  &a,  that  such  forfeited  lands  are  snbject  to  .private ' 
entry  by  any  pertion  applying  therefor,  and  the  minimum  price  for 
sujoh  tpracti  or  parcels  of  land  so.  forfeited,  shall  be  the  amount  dne 
thereon  at  tfaetizncof  snohre^sale,  together  with  the  costs  of  sale." 

Under  this  section  the  lands  are  subject  to  private  entry  as  soon 
as  they  advertised  on  the  terms  stated  in  the  section. 

We  are.  of  the  opinion,  that  this  law  disregards  both  the  interest 
of  t)}e  original  purchaser  and  of  the  school  fund. 

The  law  upon  this  subject,  before  it  was  repealed  by  the  forego* 
ing  section,  was  much  the  best;  it  provided  that  all  forfeited  lands 
should  be  offered  at  public  sale,  before  they  could  be  subjected  to^ 
private  entry.  Sec-  27,  chap.  24,  revised  statutes.  By  tiiia^xnrH 
sipn  the  purehaserhaa  abundant  time  and  opportunity  to  redeem  Lie 
lai^d,  apd  In  case  it  should  not  be  redeemed,  the  fund  oould  rea* ' 
lise  the  iuereased  va^ue  thereof.  Besides,  the  failure  to  pay  inter- 
est is  often  tide  result  of  mistake,  andin  many  cases  while  4Jie  pur- 
chaser supposed  his  interest  was  paid,  and  while  he  was  in  the 
qiiiet  ppssefloion  and  enjoyment  of  his  property,  it  has  been  sold. 

Thi^  law  should,  at  leasts  be  so  amended  as  not  to  allow  sueh 
laudato  b^  sold  until, the. delinquent  list  has  been  advertised  tat 
the  period  of  three  months  at  least.  By  tliis  means  an  opportuni- 
ty would  be  afforded  to  ccnrrect  errors  and  mistaken,  and  to  pay  the 
interest,  inmost  cases,  where  parties  interested  desire  to  do  so. 

IJnder  the  power  givctn  to  ps  by  section  101,  of  chapter  34,  re- 
vised statute,  we  have,  in  several  instances,  when  we  were  satis* 
fied  ihat.  the  failure  to  pay  interest  was  in. consequence  of  some 
aniatake  or  misunderstanding,  r^^dalled  the  certiiicate  issued  on  Idio 
resale  of  forfeited  lands,  and  alloveed  the  original  purchaser  to  retain 
hie  land  by  frying  the  costs  of  advertising  and  the  five  per  cent* 
penalty.  ' 

4 


By  an  Act  approFod  April  1, 1864,  the  governor  aod  oommia- 
sioners  of  the  school  and  aniversitj  lands  were  authorized  and  etn* 
p<lwered  to  reorganize  the  manner  of  conducting  the  sale  of  these 
lands,  and  of  keeping  the  accounts  of  the  funds  arising  therefrom* 
Accordinfly  about  the  first  of  July,  a  chief  clerk,  Walter  H.  Bes- 
ley,  and  a  sufficient  number  of  subordinate  clerks  were  appointed 
forjfche  transaction  of  the  business.  The  re  organization  contem- 
plated by  the  act,  which  was  commenced  as  soon  as  practicable  af- 
ter providing  the  books  required  for  the  purpose  and  additional  of- 
fice room,  had  become  absolutely  necessary  for  the  proper  man- 
agement of  the  multiplied  and  continually  increasing  transactions 
growing  out  of  the  sales  of  land  and  the  investment  of  funds,  and 
there  was  a  large  arrearage  of  work  to  be  brought  up  from  the 
transactions  of  former  years — ^an  arrearage  occasioned  by  the  want 
of  sufficient  clerical  ibrce  to  do  the  duty  required  by  law.  An  ex- 
amination of  the  affiairs  of  this  office  will  show  the  necessity  for 
the  provision  made  by  the  act  referred  to,  and  will  further  show, 
we  hope,  that  the  intention  of  the  legislature  has  thus  far  been 
faithfully  and  successfully  answered.  We  earnestly  recommend 
that  permanent  provision  be  made  for  the  expense  of  a  competent 
number  of  clerks,  and  that  appropriation  be  made  at  as  early  a  pe- 
riod of  the  session  as  possible,  to  meet  the  expenses  already  incurr- 
ed. 

The  number  of  subordinate  clerks  may  be  reduced,  after  a  short 
time,  withont  inconvenience,  a  larger  number  being  requisite  at 
present  than  will  be  needed  when  the  work  for  which  they  have 
been  employed,  shall  be  further  advanced,  and  the  press  of  the  bu- 
siness in  the  first  months  of  the  year  shall  be  over.  '  We  also  sug- 
gest that  these  expenses  are  properly  chargeable  to  the  school  and 
university  fund  income,  and  that  their  payment  be  directed  accord- 
ingly- 

Sbo.  52,  of  chap.  24  R  S.,  vests  in  the  commissioners  ^^the  gener- 
al care  and  supervision  of  all  lands  belonging  to  this  state,  and  of 
all  the  lands  in  which  the  state  has  an  interest,  or  which  are  or  may 
be  held  intrnst  by  the  state  unless  the  superintendence  thereof  is 
vested  in  some  other  officer  or  board.*' 


27 

# 

&D0.  i9y  of  chap*  IM9  makes  it  ^^tbe  special  duty  of  the  superid- 
tendont  of  eohools  in  each  town,  who  may  have  knowledge  of,  or 
who  may  receive  information  of  trespasaere  upon  school  or  uni- 
versity  lands,  ^Ho  forthwith  inform  the  district  attomeyof  the  com- 
fy in  which  he  shall  reside  of  the  trespass  committed,  of  the  name  of 
the  trespasser  or  trespassers,  and  of  the  name  of  the  witness  or  wit- 
nesses," and  th^i  directa  the  district  attorney  to  prosecute. 

Under  the  power  given  by  the  first  cited  section,  the  commis- 
sioners have  the  care  and  superintendence  of  the  swamp  lands  be- 
longing to  the  state,  and  they  have  received  letters  at  various  times 
within  th^  last  three  months,  informing  them  that  trespasses  were 
daily  being  cdmmitted  on  such  lands,  and,  particularly  as  to  those 
lying  near  the  MSssTSsippi,  that  preparations  were  on  foot  for  ex- 
tensive trespasses  daring  the  present  season,  in  the  cutting  and 
carrying  away  of  timber.  "We  have  been  urged  from  diflFerent 
aources  to  appoint  agents  to  attend  to  the  interests  of  the  state,  and 
prevent,  if  possible,  the  commission  of  such  depredations. 

The  provision  made  by  section  49,  chap.  134  R.  S.,  above  cited, 
is  evidently  altogether  inadequate  to  affect  any  good  result  in 
sparsely  settled  counties,  and  in  those  it  is,  chiefly,  that  such  tres- 
passes are  committed.  A  more  effective  mode  of  prosecution  should 
also  be  provided  than  that  indicated  in  section  47  of  the  same  chap, 
for  thopsosecution  of  trespassers  upon  school  and  university  lands, 
and  should  embrace  in  its  operation  cases  of  trespass  upon  every 
description  of  lands  belonging  to  the  state. 

In  conclusion  we  feel  it  to  be  our  duty  to  press  upon  the  atten- 
tion of  the  legislature  the  fact,  that  daring  the  five  years  that  this 
vast  fund,  amounting  now  to  nearly  two  millions  of  dollars,  has 
been  under  the  management  of  commissioners,  the  representatives 
of  the  people  have  never  made  it  matter  of  investigation  whether 
the  business  relating  to  it  has  been  done  prudently,  honestly,  and 
according  to  law.  The  people  are  entitled  to  know  whether  it  has 
been  so  managed  or  not,  and  a  thorough  investigation  is  especially 
due  to  the  officers  who  have  had  charge  of  it,  that  their  honor  and 


28 

% 

integritj  may  be  vindicated.  Moreover,  in  a  busiiMMa  so  extensive 
and  complicated,  involving  acconnte,  and  dealiogs  with  so  many 
individvals,  it  w^nld  be  singular,  indeed,  it  errors  sbonld  not  have 
oGcarred,  and  the  more  speedily  snch  investigation  is  had,  the 
more  readily  errors  may  be  corrected.  We  ask  such  investigation, 
to  be  made  as  promptly  and  fally  as  possible,  both  for  ourselves, 
and  those  who  have  preceded  ns  in  the  position  we  liold,  and  will 
afford  every  facility  in  onr  power  for  its  due  and  faithful  prosecu- 
tion. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

AXEXANDERT-  GRAY. 
E.  H.  JANSSEN. 
(JEO.  B.SMITH. 


REPOET. 


OmCPR  OF  SuPSBOmafDBKT  OF  PlTBLIC  iNBTBlTOtlOiri 

Madison,  Wis.,  Dec.  31st,  1854. 

To  the  LegiAaiwre : 

In  compliance  -with  the  provisions  of  section  51  of  chapter  9 
of  the  Bevised  Statutes,  t  herewith  submit  to  th^  legislature  the 
sixth  annual  report  from  the  department  of  Public  Instruction; 
containing  an  abstract  of  all  the  common  school  reports  receiy^d 
from  die  several  clerks  of  the  county  boards  of  supervisors;  a. 
statement  of  the  condition  of  the  common  schools  of  the  State; 
estimaieB  and  accounts  of  expenditures  of  the  school  moneys; 
and  otl&er  matters  relating  to  our  free  school  system,  which  it  is 
deemea  expedient  to  communicate.  Some  subjects  are  considered 
and  commented  upon,  which,  under  the  provisions  of  law,  are  not 
required,  nor^  perhaps,  proper  to  be  embodied  in  a  report  to  th^ 
legislatdre;  but  I  have  availed  myself  of  the  cnstoni  established 
by  my  predecessors,  and  sanctioned  in  other.  States^  having  a  sys-^ 
tern  of  pnbKc  schpols  ahd  an  officer,  having  a  supervisory  control 
over  thdtn,  to  make  this  report  a  medium  of  communication  with  .. 
the  Bchi^r'omcers  and  people  of  the  State.  .^,, . 

An  al)Btract  of  all  the  common  school  reports  reeaivvd  at  this  * ' 
office  frpjoa*  tl^e  several  ^lerka  of  the  couity  boards  of  jsuperviBois'    • 
for  the  jQ^  1864  will  he  foupd  in  Ajjpendix  A.    What  few  r^  *  ^ 
tarns  were  made  upon  the  subject  of  select  schools  and  incorpo* 


rate  academiee,  are  obvionslj  so  erroneous  and  incomplete  that  no 
definite  conclusions  can  bo  drawn  from  them,  and  accordmgly 
thej  are  not  included  in  the  abstract. 

The  law  organizing  the  free  school  system  of  this  State  took  ef- 
fect on  the' first  day  of  May,  1849,  and  has,  censequently,  been  in 
operation  less  than  six  y^rs ;  yet  sufficiently  long  to  prove  the 
wisdom  of  the  proyision  in  our  constitution  relative  to  common 
.  sehoolli,  and  the  truth  and  justice  of  the  principle  therein  asserted, 
that,  with  the  aid  of  the  school  fund,  the  property  of  the  State 
aliall  be  taxed  for  the  support  of  schools  for  the  education  of  all 
the  youth  of  the  State.  It  is  a  noble  principle  to  be  engrafted  in 
the  Inndamental  law  of  a  State  on  its  admiseioit  to  sovereignty  in 
the  federal  union, — Shaving  been  acknowledged  and  adopted  by  a 
great  majority  of  the  electors  of  the  State  at  the  ballot  box.  Hug 
system  of  free  schools  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  but  its  practical  work- 
ings, thos  far,  give  every  reason  to  hope  that  all  the  benefits  to 
the  State,  claimed  for  the  system  by  its  originators  and  supporterSy 
will  be  more  than  realized,  and  that  generations  which  are  to  suc- 
ceed us  and  assume  all  the  duties  of  moral,  social,  and  political 
life,  will  have  profited  by  the  action  of  the  present,  in  their  exer- 
tions to  prepare  them  for  the  great  struggle  of  life. 

This  principle  has  been  affirmed  by  the  Qeneral  Government 
by  the  munificent  grants  of  land  it  has  made  to  the  States,  to  aid 
in  the  support  of  schools;  it  has  been  re-affirmed  by  our  State  and 
people,  and  there  seems,  at  present,  no  respectable  or  consider- 
able opposition  to  it  on  the  part  of  our  citizens. 

But  there  are  objections  to  some  of  the  more  important  details, 
under  the  present  organization  of  the  common  schools,  and  their 
practical  operation ;  and  various  amendments  have  been  suggested 
as  necessary  to  remove  these  objectionable  features ;  but,  as  has 
been  truthfully  and  justly  remarked  by  another,  ^^The  ardor  of 
reformation  runs  into  exaggerated  representations  of  the  abuses  it 
aims  to  overthrow,  and  the  erron  and  omissions  in  the  administra> 
tionof  asystem  are  more  easily  discovered  and  promulgated  than 
remedied.    It  is  not  difficult  to  theorise  on  the  subject  of  educa* 


lion ;  every  man  feels  competent  to  the  taak  of  forming  ejttemt 
that  work  admirably  on  paper,  but  tha  practical  diffienlty  of  a 
aabject  that  requirea  the  co-operation  of  the.  whole  commnnityi 
and  depends  almost  entirely  on  public  sentiment,  can  be  appreci- 
ated only  by  those  who  have  experienced  them,  or  who  have  at- 
tentively considered  them." 

It  is  not  supposed  that  the  present  system  of  common  schools  is 
perfect,  or  that  any  system  that  conld  be  devised,  would  possess 
that  degree  of  perfection  which  would  command  the  approbation 
und  cheerful  support  of  all ;    for  any  institution   that  is  created 
solely  for  the  people,  will  be  viewed  in  just  as  many  different 
ways,  as  there  are  different  individual  relations  to  it    While  oi^e 
person  will  object  to  the  grant  of  power  to  district  meeting9,  to 
determine  the  school  affairs  of  the  district,  as  a  factious  and  sd- 
fish  tribunal,  another  will  as  decidedly  oppose  the  remedial  plan 
of  investing  all  these  powers  unconditionally  in  any  set  of  school 
officers,  as  not  democratic  and  likely  to  be  oppressive ;  while  on« 
would  abolish  the  office  of  town  Superintendent  because  he  may 
exercise  partiality  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  and  would  recom- 
mend a  town  board  consisting  of  three  commissioners  in  his  place, 
as  uniting  more  wisdom,  prudence  and  justice  in  the  direction  of 
affairs ;  another  would  object  to  the  change  as  increasing  town 
expenditures  and  not  calculated,  as  shown  by  experience,  to  ac- 
complish the  object  desired.    While  one  would  tax  property  where 
.it  is^  another  would  tax  it  whore  the  owner  is  ;  while  one  would 
liave  a  poll  tax  levied  in  mining  and  lumbering  counties  to  secure 
;«  tax  from  those  whose  mineral  and  lumber  have  sought  a  market 
before  the  assessor  appears,  another  will  plead   the    constitution^ 
snd  uniformity  .of  laws.    While  one  thinks  school  districts  should 
Jiave  jwwer  to  vote  taxes  whenever  they  please,  at  special  meet- 
ings, another  sees  no  reason  why  school  districts  should  levy  taxes 
more  than  once  a  year,  any  more  than  to  was,  counties,  and  the 
atate.    In  fact  many  parts  of  the  school  law  are  defective,  in  the 
eyes  of  some,  and  they  are  ready  to  supply  the  defect.    It  as  im* 
possible  to  legislate  to  meet  nM  the  cases  that  will  arise  in  conse* 


quence  of  the  caprice  or  frailties  of  men,  wliether  in  relation  to 
the  school  law  or  anj  other  law  ;  human  nature  is  too  fruitful  in 
discovery  and  invention,  to  leave  anj  hope  that  every  case  that 
may  arisOi  will  find  a  law  upon  the  Statute  hook  applicahle  to  it. — 
Were  this  the  case  we  should  have  little  need  of  lawyers  to  advo- 
cate the  rights  of  individuals,  or  judges  to  decide  between  parties. 
We  have  not  attained  to  that  degree  of  legislative  skill  and  hu- 
man excellence,  where  legislators  can  foresee  and  provide  by  enact- 
ment, for  all  the  petty  difficulties  that  may  arise  in  the  future  up- 
on points  of  difference  between  individuals ;  and  to  tmdertake  a 
task  of  that  character  would  be  alike  fruitless  and  unprofitable. 

Complaints  are  also  made  that  the  system  is  already  too  complex, 
-and  not  adapted  to  the  comprehension  and  wants  of  many  persons 
whose  duty  it  is  to  administer  it  This  complaint  generally  pro- 
ceeds from  those  who  have  little  or  no  time  or  inclination  to  read 
and  understand  the  law,  and  consequently  have  but  little  light  upon 
whidi  to  base  a  correct  opinion.  The  law  seems  to  be  as  simple, 
and  to  contain  as  few  provisions,  and  to  demand  as  limited  a  com- 
pliance with' forms,  as  are  absolutely  necessary  to  keep  up  the 
system  and  to  secure  the  right  of  individuals  and  communities, 
irithout  vesting  in  some  one  ofiScer  an  amount  of  power  and  au- 
thority that  would  be  odious  to  the  people. 

No  mystery  whatever  surrounds  the  school  law  that  cannot 
easily  be  dispelled  by  a  perusal  of  it,  and  there  is  no  object  inte^id- 
ed  to  be  secured  by  it  that  cannot  be  realized,  if  the  law  is  ad- 
ministered as  it  is,  with  an  honest  purpose.  But  if  men,  prompted 
by  inordinate  selfishness,  or  parsimony,  or  any  evil  passion,  de- 
signedly labor  to  make  the  school  law  the  vehicle  of  their  own* 
interest,  to  the  detriment  of  others,  and  the  cause  of  education, 
and  exert  their  ingenuity  and  energy  to  thwart  the  will  of  the 
community,  they  will  sometimes  succeed  in  so  doing. 

Such  is  the  defect  of  all  human  laws,  and  ever  will  be  while 
man  is  possessed  of  passions  not  subject  to  the  control  of  judg- 
ment and  conscience. 


DiflScQltdeB  do  arise  in  school  districts  in  the  administration  of 
the  school  law,  as  they  do  in  the  administration  of  all  other  laws; 
but  it  cannot  be  expected  that  a  law  which  gathers  aronnd  it  so 
many  important  considerations,  and  which  effects,  pecnuiarilj^ 
every  tax-payer  in  the  State,  and  in  its  objects  and  results  appeiJa 
to  the  affection  and  patriotism  as  well  as  the  interests  of  men^  at 
the  sole  medium  '^of  securing  to  thousands  of  the  youth  of  the 
State  a  common  school  education,  will,  on  all  occasions  and  in  all 
thedi^^^rent  phases  it  may  assume  in  its  api^cations  to  ihe^wants 
of  cos^munity,  meet  with  no  opposition,  no  ^ssentient  vi^ws. 
On  the  contntry,  it  may  be  considered  surprising  tiiatsafsw  ^dS&r 
daJties^  and  so  little  trouble  do  occur  in  the  business  transaetiona 
of  9600  corporations,  which  is  about  tlb  number  of  sciiooll-dis- 
tri^in  the  State.  The  officers  composing  the  district  boards  are 
frequ<en;fly  £lled  by  unlettered  men,  whose  aim  is  to'  administer 
the  law  as  it,  and  not  pervert  it ;  but  it  is  sometimes  the  ease  Ihat 
.  nien  will  be  found  with  no  higher  ambition  than' to  ^ke^  a 
n^hborhood  in  a  broil  by  picking  ^ws'^  in  the  {proceedings  of  a 
diatrict 

This  is  the  misfortune  of  the  district,  and  not  a  failure  of  the  law. 
I  wouldnot  countenance  wrong  or  an  injury  to  the  rights  of  another, 
'  though  committed  through  ignorance ;  the  law  was  design^'  for 
iio«iich  purpose;  but  school  district  difficulties  more  frequently 
Arise  from  the  different  views  entertained  by  different  individuals, 
jkot  Bpon  the  meaning  and  application  of  the  law,  but  upon  "tiie 
Torioiis  subjects  pertaining  to  school  matters.  This  cannot  be 
reached  by  legislation.  One  person,  actuated  by  no  other  than 
the  most  disinterested  feelings,  entertains  views  diametrically  op- 
posed to  another  who  is  equally  conscientious  upon  some  matter 
relatiireto  schools,  and  thereupon  arises  a  contest;  perhaps  the 
formation  or  alteration  of  a  school  district  is  involved.  It  is  not 
jBnpposed  that  any  system,  or  any  laws  that  do  not  suppress  the 
right  of  free  speech  and  vest  absolute  power  in  some  one,  can  reach 
such  cases,  nor  do  I  think  it  desirable  to  do  so.  '  A  healthy  public 
sentiment  alone  can  quiet  dissentions  of  this  character. 


Yarions  amendments  have  been  made  to  the  school  law  aince  it 
first  took  effect,  and  these  amendments  have  not  been  farnished 
to  school  districts,  which  has  been  a  frnitful  source  of  illegality  in 
the  proceedings  of  school  districts,  simplj  because  they  had  no 
means  of  ascertaining  what  the  law  was.  This  difficulty  is  now 
obviated  by  the  law  of  last  winter,  which  reduced  the  school  law8 
to  a  compact  form,  and  provided  for  furnishing  a  copy  to  every 
school  district  in  the  State,  and  also  a  copy  of  all  amendments  that 
may  hereafter  be  made  to  it 

It  is  not  deemed  good  policy  to  make  frequent  and  important 
changes  in  the  school  law  of  the  State,  unless  the  most  nrgent  ne- 
cessity demands  that  such  changes  should  be  made.  It  is  quite 
important  that  all  should  possess  some  familiarity  with  the  school 
law,  as  well  as  the  officers  whose  immediate  duty  it  is  to  adminis- 
ter it;  which  is  almost  impossible  if  frequent  emendations  are 
made.  Officers  and  districts  become  discouraged  in  their  efforts 
to  familiarize  tliemselves  with  it,  and  to  comply  with  its  provisions, 
where  it  is  undergoing  repeated  alterations.  It  is  not  contended 
that  palpable  defects  should  be  suffered  to  exist  on  account  of  a 
desire  to  maintain  the  law  unaltered,  for  any  reason  whatever ; 
but  fioand  policy  would  indicate  that  it  is  at  least  a  question  of 
grave  consideration,  whether  it  is  not  better  that  slight  defects 
should  exist  in  it,  rather  than  have  it  made  the  subject  of  experi* 
mental  legislation,  which  may  again  be  experimented  upon  anoth- 
er year.  If  the  repeated  amendments  to  our  general  laws,  have 
given  rise  to  the  complaint  that  lawyers  cannot  unravel  them^  bow 
much  more  reason  is  there  for  the  complaint  that  under  such  cir- 
cumstances the  school  law  cannot  be  understood,  and  how  much 
greater  the  necessity  of  a  remedy  for  the  evil. 

AFPOBTIONHENT  OF  IKC0H£  OF  SCHOOL  FUKD,  FOB  185i. 

In  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "  an  act  to  ex-  ' 
tend  the  time  for  making  the  apportionment  of  the  income  of  the 
school  fund,"  approved  March  3,  1852,  the  sum  of  ninety-nine 


9 

thousand  seven  handred  and  forty-nine  dollars  and  fifty  two  centi^ 
-was  apportioned  among  the  several  towns  and  cities  of  the  State, 
which  were  entitled  to  receive  any  portion  of  said  incomCi  on  the 
ISth  day  of  March  last.  Of  the  four  hundred  and  twenty-one  or* 
ganiaed  towns  and  cities  in  the  counties  from  which  reports  were 
received,  four  hundred  and  five  received  their  due  share^of  said  in- 
come. Eleven  towns,  to  wit :  Eildare,  Necedale  and  Lisbon,  in  the 
county  of  Adams;  Wood  ville  in  the  county  of  Calumet ;  Westfieldi 
in  the  connty  of  Marquette ;  Grand  JRapids,  Eagle  Point,  Amherst 
and  Buena  Vista,  in  the  county  of  Portage ;  Embarrass,  in  the 
county  of  Waupacca ;  and  Mount  Morris,  in  the  county  of  Wau- 
ahara,  were  not  entitled  to  a  portion  of  the  income,  for  the  reason 
that  no  reports  were  received  from  them.  The  town  of  Grand 
Marsh,  in  Adams  county ;  the  town  of  Albion,  in  Jackson  county; 
the  town  of  Newton,  in  Marquette  county ;  the  town  of  Rush 
JRiver,  in  St.  Croix  county ;  and  the  town  of  Oentreville,  in  Wau- 
pacca county,  received  no  apportionment,  for  the  reason  that  the 
reports  received  from  them  were  deficient  in  several  essential  re* 
quirements  of  the  law.  A  detailed  statement  of  the  apportion- 
ment for  the  year  1864,  will  be  found  in  appendix  "  0." 

Appendix  "  D,"  is  a  tabular  statement  showing  the  amount  of 
the  income  of  the  school  fund  apportioned  and  paid  annually  to 
the  several  counties  of  the  State,  under  the  present  system  of 
schools.  The  first  appportionment  was  made  in  1850,  based  np  >ii 
returns  submitted  to  this  department  in  November,  1849.  The  en- 
tire amount  distributed  in  1850,  amounted  to  but  $588  00,  while 
that  for  1854,  as  above  stated,  amounted  to  $99,719  52 ;  an  in- 
crease of  over  $99,000  in  the  annual  income  of  the  fund  in  four 
years. 

Appendix  "E"  exhibits  the  amount  of  money  raised  by  tax  in 
the  several  counties  of  the  State  for  school  purposes,  from  1849  to 
1854  inclusive.  This  aggregate  of  tax  raised  in  the  counties,  is 
made  up  of  specific  sums  raised  in  each  town  by  direction  of  the 
county  board  of  supervisors  at  their  annual  session  in  November 
in  eaeh  year ;  and  sneh  sums  added  to  the  amount  apportioned  to 
2    •• 


10 

'  eacli  by  the  State  Saperintendent,  constitute  a  sum  to  be  appor- 
tioned bj  the  town  Superintendent  to  the  several  achool  districts 
of  the  town,  which  are  entitled  to  receive  a  p<Htion  by  a  compli- 
ance with  the  conditions  imposed  by  law.  The  amount  of  school 
money  to  be  raised  in  the  several  towns  of  the  State,  must  con- 
tinue £o  increase  as  long  as  additions  are  made  to  the  capital  of  the 
school  fund,  and  there  is  a  consequent  increase  of  the  annual  in* 
come ;  iTor  as  each  town  is  required  by  law  annually  to  raise  asum 
of  money  for  school  purposes  equal,  at  least,  to  one-half  the 
amount  received  by  such  town  at  the  previous  annual  apportion- 
ment to  it.  the  value  the  town  places  upon  the  public  fund  will, 
under  all  ordinary  circumstances,  insure^  the  annual  levy  of  the 
requisite  amount. 

Many  of  the  towns,  at  the  annual  town  meeting,  vote  to  raise 
money  for  the  support  of  common  schools,  to  be  added  to  the 
amount  directed  to  be  raised  by  the  county  board  at  the  ensuing 
autumn  ;  but  as  no  letums  are  required  to  be  made  to  this  ofBce 
of  the  amount  so  raised,  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  exact 
amount  raised  by  all  the  towns  of  the  State  for  school  purposes. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  SCHOOL  LAWS. 

In  accordance  with  the  authority  and  direction  contained  in  sec- 
tion ninety-nine  of  "an  act  to  amend  chapter  nineteen  of  the  Be- 
vised  Statutes,  and  to  compile  the  school  laws  of  Wisconsin,^^  ap- 
proved April  1st,  1854, 1  caused  seven  thousand  copies  oi  the  act 
named  to  be  printed  in  pamphlet  form,  including  therewith  such 
rules,  forms,  regulations  and  explanations,  as  were  deemed  neces- 
sary to  carry  into  effect  and  accompany  its  provisions.  A  portion 
of  the  pamphlets  were  furnished  by  the  State  printer,  for  the  use 
of  this  departmedt,  on  the  28th  of  June  last;  and  between  that 
date  and  the  twelfth  of  July,  a  suflScient  number  of  copies  were 
forwarded,  by  mail,  to  the  town  superintendents  of  the  State,  to 
'enable  such  oflBcer  to  deliver  a  copy  to  the  clerk  of  each  school 
district  within  his  jurisdiction  and  retain  a  copy  for  his  own  use, 

A  copy  was,  also,  in  the  same  manner,  forwarded  to  the  clerk  of 


11 

the  Board  of  Superyisors  of  each  oi^aQi^  connty,  and  one  to  the 
clerk  of  each  citj  in  the  State.  The  number  of  copies  of  tha  law 
forwarded  to  each  town  superiutendent,  corresponded  with  the 
namber  of  school  districts  in  the  town  as  shown  bj  the  re^rts 
made  to  this  office  for  the  year  ending  August  Slst,  1868;  add  in 
cases  where  such  number  proved  insufficient  in  consequence  Of  the 
organization  of  new  districts  subsequent  ,to  that  date^  additional 
copies  have  been  sent  to  supply  such  deficiency »  as  soon  as  made 
known.  Previous  to  the  publication  of  this  now  edition  of  the 
school  laws,  as  the  former  one  was  entirely  exhwdsted,  a  large  tmm- 
ber  of  the  districts  of  the  State  were  without  any  guide  to  direct 
them  in  their  proceedings  but  the  Bevised  Statutes,  aild  thesewere 
accessible  to  only  a  comparatively  small  number  y  and  coneideting 
that  numerous  and  important  amendments  have  been  made  td  the 
law  therein  contained,  it  is  not  surprising  that  irregularities  shduld 
mar  their  proceedings,  and  give  xise,  in  some  instances,  to  difficul- 
ties and  contentions  which  would  have  been  avoided  had  the  law, 
as  it  existed,  been  known  to  them. 

It  is  believed  that  the  wise  proviaion  in  the  present  school  law, 
providing  that  a  copy  of  all  amendments  hereafter  made  to  it, 
shaU  be  furnished  to  eaoh  school  district  In  the  State,  will  Mstve 
the  most  salutary  effect,  and  aid  and  eDco«irage  the  efforts  of  seUool 
di^ti^icts  to  act  legally  in  all  their  proceedings,  heretofore  rende^d 
:  ixnpossible  for  the  reasons  stated. 

ANNUAL  BEFOBTS  OF  SCHOOL  OFFiCEBSn — ^XMFERFJSGT  BVrUBHS.  . 

..  Hie  reports  made  to  tiiis  office  by  the  clerks  of  the  Board  of 
^RP^T^iBors  of  the  different  counties,  containing  abstracts  of  the 
:X«ipQrto  of  the  town  saperintendents,  are  in  many  cases  incomplete, 
,  and  in.  some  cades  obviously  erroneous,  rendering  it  imposeibW  to 
preaept  to  theAegislatnre  such  complete  and  reliable  statistical  in- 
formation as  is  desirable,  and  which  would  exhibit  the  real  and 
comparative  condition  of  sehools  in  each  of  the  counties  in  the 
State;  showing  from  year  to  year,  in  a  convenient  and  accessible 
fimn,, the  progress  and  workings  of  the  school  system.    The  fault 


IS 

Jies,  not  with  the  county  oEScers,  bnt  with  the  clerks  of  the  Bchool 
districts,  and  the  town  superintendents  whose  duty  it  is  ^'  to  see 
that  the  annual  reports  of  the  clerks  of  the  several  school  districts  in 
his  town  are  made  correctly  and  in  due  time."  This  duty  is  evident- 
ly, in  many  imtances,  neglected  by  town  superintendents,  for  which 
there  seems  no  excuse,  as  they  are  allowed  compensation  by  law 
for  the  performance  of  any  and  all  ofiScial  duties.  It  is  not  sur- 
prising that  in  twenty-six  hundred,  or  more,  school  districts,  in  a 
new  state,  and  in  many  parts  sparsely  populated,  that  the  office  of 
derk,  who  is  the  reporting  officer  of  the  district,  should  in  many 
instances,  be  filled  by  men  unskilled  or  negligent  in  the  perform- 
ance of  the  duties  of  their  office,  and  for  this  very  reason  is  the 
town  superintendent  required  to  extend  his  supervision  over  them. 
ICore  attention  to  this  subject  is  required  of  the  town  superinten- 
dents, and  if  bestowed,  will  result  in  better  returns  being  made 
from  every  organized  school  district.  But  there  is  evidently  an- 
other reason,  still  more  remote,  why  complete  and  correct  returns 
do  not  reach  this  office  upon  all  the  subjects  concerning  which  in- 
formation is  asked ;  and  that  is  the  failure  on  the  part  of  teachers 
to  keep  a  ecliool  regitfer,  as  is  required  by  law.  This  register  is  to 
be  furnished  by  the  district  clerk,  in  blank,  to  teachers,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  district,  and  any  teacher  "  who  willfully  neglects 
or  refuses  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  law'*  in  keeping 
such  register,  "  forfeits  his  or  her  wages  for  teaching  in  such  dis- 
trict" Unless  such  register  has  been  faithfully  kept,  it  is  utterly 
impossible  for  the  district  clerk  to  report  upon  five  of  the  most  in- 
teresting subjects  which  should  be  embraced  in  a  school  report — 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  total  and  average  attendance 
of  children  upon  the  schools.  The  necessity  of  securing  a  com* 
pliance  with  tlie  law  in  this  respect,  must  recommend  to  distiict 
officers  the  propriety  of  strictly  enforcing  its  provisions  in  all  cases 
of  delinquency  on  the  part  of  teachers.  As  a  means  of  securing 
correct,  complete  and  prompt  reports  from  all  the  districts  of  the 
Btate,  I  would  respectfully  suggest  to  the  legislature  the  propriety 
of  authorizing  this  department  to  lurnish  annually  to  the  dorks  of 


18 

the  several  aohool  districts  of  the  State,  blank  forms  for  reportSi  ao* 
companied  with  such  explanations  and  instructions  as  may  be 
deemed  necessary.  Tliis  suggestion  is  made  in  compliance  with 
the  request  of  many  friends  of  education  and  receives  the  approv- 
al  of  my  own  judgment;  and  it  is  believed,  should  it  be  carried 
into  effect^  it  will  result  in  the  removal  of  all  obstacles  to  the  ool* 
lection  of  extensive  and  reliable  statistics  upon  the  educational  af« 
fairs  of  the  State.  This  plan  is  already  adopted  in  several  other 
Statee. 

OOKDmON  OF  THB  SCHOOLS  09  THS  STATS. 

There  are  in  the  State  fifty  counties,  five  of  which  have  organ* 
ised  by  the  election  of  county  officers  for  the  first  time,  during  the 
present  year,  to  wit :  Chij^wa,  Olsrk,  Douglas,  Monroe  and  Trem* 
peleaii.  From  none  of  these  counties,  except  Monroe,  have  any 
reports  of  schools  been  received.  La  Pointe  has  had  a  partial  and 
inefficient  organization  for  several  years,  but  has  yet  taken  no 
measures  for  the  establishment  of  schools.  Li  fact,  the  settle- 
ment in  that  county  is  so  isolated  from  the  rest  of  the  State,  and 
the  population  so  sparse,  that  there  is  but  a  small  and  barren  field 
for  the  exercise  of  any  effort  for  the  establishment  of  schools. 
The  counties  yet  unorganized  are  Buffalo,  Dunn,  Door,  Kewaunee 
and  Shawanaw  ;  from  which,  of  course,  no  reports  have  been  re- 
ceived. Of  the  counties  organized  previous  to  the  present  year, 
and  which  have  heretofore  reported  upon  the  school  matters, 
Adams*  and  Pierce  have  failed  to  do  so  this  year  up  to  the  writ* 
ing  of  this  report  Beports,  therefore,  have  been  received  from 
tfairtj*eight  counties,  containing  four  hundred   and  thirty-five 


In  i»peaking  of  towns,  the  t^i  cities  of  the  State  are  included. 
Urom  the  following  ten  towns  within  the  counties  so  reporting^ 
no  reports  have  been  received,  to  wit:  Woodville,  in  Calumet 
eoontj ;  Eagle  Point,  in  Portage  county  ;  Eagle,  in  Richland 
eaonty ;  Depere  and  MorrisoUi  in  Brown  county ;  Borina,  in  On- 

I  aadPUrMicceiTfdybnttM  lite  to  Im  included  lathe  repoit 


14       ' 

tagaix^ie  oonntj ;  Bojalton,  Scandinavia,  Oentreville  and  Oaledo- 
nia,  ia  Wanpacca  connty.  The  five  towns  last  named  have  been 
formed  since  the  annnal  reports  of  1853. 

The  number  of  school  districts  in  the  State  is  two  thousand  one 
hundred  and  sixty-four,  and  the  number  of  parts  of  districts  is 
one  thousand  and  sixty-two.  It  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  ex- 
act number  of  school  districts  in  the  State,  as  the  several  parts  of 
a  joint  district  are  reported  to  the  town  superintendent  of  the  town 
in  which  such  part  is  situated.  In  some  instances,  parts  of  joint 
districts  lie  in  four  different  towns  and  in  two  counties.  But  as 
near  as  can  be  ascertained,  from  data  in  our  possession,  the  whole 
number  of  school  districts  In  the  State  is  about  twenty  six  hun- 
dred. • 

Joint  scjiooldigtricts  are,  in  maxiy  r^pects,  unwiddly  and  impol- 
itic organization&i  for  reasons  it  is  unnecessary  here  to  state,  and 
town  sfapierinteDdents  slMmld  resert  to  their  formation  only  when' 
the  mosli  wgent  Becessity  exists ;  such  is  obviously  the  sole  intent 
of  the  Jaw.    It  is  gratifying  to  observe,  that  while  there  is  a  large 
increase  in.  the.  nutmber  of  school  districts,  principally  in  tiie 
newer  pounties,  and  from  territory  heretofore  -unorganized,  l^re 
is,  as  appears  from  a  coniparisoa  of  the  reports  of  1858  and  the 
present  year,  a  do0reaae  in  the  number  of  districts  in  the  older 
and  mor^  populous  towns.    This  is  a  eheeringindieation,  as  show* 
ing  that  in  towns  where  the  experiment  has  been  tri^d,  the  people 
are  gettifig  tired  of  small  districts,  and  the  inevitable  concomitant^  '^ 
of  a  small  amount  of  taxable  property,  few  children  drawing  pub- 
lic mon^y,  miserable  school  houses,  poor  teachers,  short  sessions,'  ' 
and  alnjQfi^  a  total  want  of  progress  in  tlie  sdiooL  May  othier  towns ' 
profitby  their  experience. 

The  whole  number  of  cliildren  residing  in  the  State,  on  the  ' 

Slst  of  .A^ugust  lest,  as  shown  by  the  reports^  over  four  and  under  ' 

twenty  year^  o<  age,  iSn-r 

Males,.       .      .  .  .  .  .       77,766 

Fe&ales,  .....       72,590 

Number  reported  in  towns,  making  no  distinc- 
tion in  regard  to  sex,  ...        4,768 

Total,  .  .  .     165,125 


15 

Showing  an  increase  of  16^467  over  the  number  reported  la^t 
year,  which  is  It  larger  annual  increase  than  in  either  of  the  last  two 
years.  The  number  over  four  and  under  twenty,  that  have  at- 
tended school,  is  not  reported  in  thirty^seven  towns,  that  have 
otherwise 'reported,  but  the  entire  number  reported  is  101,580 ; 
showing  an  increase  of  6,322  since  last  year  in  the  attendance  upon 
the  public  schools.  la  addition  to  these,  994  over  twenty^  and 
1359  under  four  years  of  age,  have  atteiided  upon  these  acboola* 
It  is  doubtful  whether  any  very  rapid  strides  up  the  rough  steaps 
of  science  have  been  made  by  the  latter  class. 

The  following  tablo  shows  the  whole  number  of  children  residing 
in  the  Sfate,  over  iour  and  under  twenty  years  of  age  each  year, 
from  1849  to  1854,  inclusive ;  together  with  the  number  who  have 
attended  school,  and  the  per  cent,  of  attendance  in  each  y^ar : 

Year.        Whole  No.  of  Children.        No.  attending  School. .  Per  oent 
184$  71,455  31,486        .44 

1850  91,805  61,649  67.5 

1851  111,862  78,967  '  70.6 

1852  124,840  88,086  70.8 

1853  138,658  95,258  68.7 

1854  •      155,125  101,580(108,651)65.4(70) 

In  considering  the  low  per  centage,  shown  by  the  above  figmres, 
atteading  school  during  the  year  ending  August  31st,  18514^  it  ia 
well  to  state^^that  in  thirty-seven  towns,  containing  1Q,.102  chil- 
dren over  four  and  under  twenty  years  of  age,  no  report  is  sub- 
mitted of  the  number  attending  school.  If  we  suppose  that  the 
g^eral  average  attendance  was  the  same  in  those  towns  as  in.  the 
others,  which  is  probably  the .  case,  or  if  we  deduct  th©  10,102 
from  the  whole  number  of  children  reported,  and  thns  ascertain  the 
average  in  towns  fuHy  reporting,  we  shall  find  the  true  per  out- 
age of  children  attending  school  during  the  past  year  to  be  a 
tii&e  over  70  per  cent.,  and  the  whole  number  attending  school  to 
be  108,651.  The  average  length  of  time  for  the  State,  that  schools 
have  been  taught  is  5  1-4  months.  The  highest  average  in  any 
cmmty  18  7  8^  months^  in  Eenosha  county ;  the  lowedt,  3  months. 


16 

in  Jackson  coantj.  The  average  nnmber  of  montlis  taught  by 
males  is  3  2-5;  bj  females  4  l-S,  showing  that  more  female  than 
male  teachers  are  employed  in  the  schools. 

The  average  length  of  time  scholars  of  a  legal  age  have  attend- 
ed school  appears,  by  the  abstract,  to  be  4  4-9  months;  but  as  in 
several  counties  such  average  is  greater  than  the  average  nnmber 
of  months  of  school,  it  is  plainly  erroneon^.  By  rejecting  the  re- 
ports  from  such  counties,  this  average  amounts  to  about  4  months. 

The  average  amount  of  wages  per  month,  paid  to  male  and  fe- 
male  teachers,  and  the  total  amount  of  money  expended  for  teach- 
ers, wages  in  each  year,  under  the  present  system,  will  appear  by 
reference  to  the  following  table : 

Ain't  paid  to  Male&      Am't  paid  to  Femilis.  Total 

1849,  $15  22  $  6  92  $  12,788  27 

1850,  17  14  9  02  59,741  69 

1851,  17  15  9  07  96,636  06 

1852,  17  84  8  50  05,082  18 

1853,  18  24  9  50  118,788  18 

1854,  21  10  10  87  163,485  64 

It  will  appear  from  the  above,  that  the  price  per  month  paid  to 
male  teachers  is  $2  86  over  that  of  1853,  showing  a  larger  increase 
than  in  any  previous  year.  The  advance  in  price  per  month  paid 
to  females  is  $1  37,  being  a  larger  increase  than  in  any  year  since 
1850.  These  are  healthful  indications  regarding  the  schools,  for 
at  prices  advance  so  will  the  qualifications  of  the  teachers,  for 
school  districts  in  the  management  of  their  financial  matters  will 
not  lavish  high  wages  upon  incompetent  and  unprofitable  instruc- 
tors. The  highest  average  per  month  paid  to  male  teachers  is  $45 
in  St.  Oroix  county;  the  lowest  average  is  $15,  in  Orawford  county. 
The  highest  average  per  month  paid  to  females  is  $22  56,  in  Mar- 
athon county,  the  lowest  average  is  $7  25,  in  Monroe  county. 

The  amount  of  money  expended,  during  the  year  for  common 
•chools,  is  as  follows : 


IT 

BaildcBg  and rei^MH^g  ^(^ool  hpuBas,  .  .               iH'fiO^^i^, 

Forlibrarief(»  .               '  a^QiO^OO 

For  other  purpose^  .       .    31,281,63 


T(rtal  inonay  exp^pded  ia  the  Staete  for  fioho^ 

purposes,  $242,116,54 

Showing  an  increase  during  the  year  of  76,982,37 

The  number  and  material  of  which  the  school  ^houses  of  the  state 
are  con^nicted,  and  their  total  valuation  in  €wh  jear  from  1849 
to  1854,  both  inclu^iFe,  will  appeitr  hj  refer^wice.to  the  lo%wing 
table:  . 


No.  of 

No.  of 

No.  of 

Naof 

.  Total 

Total  vulnatioa 

Brick. 

Stone. 

Framed. 

Logs. 

1849 

26 

25 

294 

359 

704 

75,810,75 

1850 

38 

51 

568 

540 

1197 

.173,?46,67 

»61 

6S 

65 

697    ' 

764 

1509 

228,506,61 

1852 

e^ 

U 

812 

W8 

1T80     ' 

'^1,966,9^ 

1853 

,      H 

74 

1069 

9»fi   . 

2213 

289^8M^9 

1854 

IS 

79 

1052 

939 

«id9 

347,54^55 

Increaae  io  the  total  valuatioa  during  the  patt  year,     63,185,66 

The  reports  as  to  the  number  of  school  houses  in  the  State  for 
the  past  year,  are  evidently  incomplete.  While  thfi  reports  sl^ow 
an  expenditure  of  $55,309,38„  on  school  houses^  prino|pa]ly  in 
erecting  now  buildings,  which  sum  added  to  the  valuation  of  last 
year,  makes  about  the  valuation  of  these  buildings  this  year:,  sub- 
stantiating the  correctness  of  this  item  of  expenditure ;  it  appeaia 
that  bnt  one  brick  school  house  and  five  of  stone,  have  been  added 
to  the  list  of  last  year.  It  is  well  known  that  yery  excellent 
framed  school  edifices  have  been  erected  in  several  villages,  and 
in  many  of  the  smallejr,  df stricts,  ahd  it  is  believed  that  the  past 
yQa,r  yyill  cou^)are  favorably,  with  any  previous. qn^  in  tbie  nuipber 
aad>  obaraoter  of  the  school  houseff  that  have  been  built.  Hie 
large  amount  of  money  expended  for  such  purposes  seems  toppve 
antSi  a  resillt ' 
J 


18 

AJbbcit  one-third  of  the  school  districts  possess  «-sito  ooBtaintng  •' 
at  least  one  acre  of  ground,  and  abont  three  fbnrthe  of  all  the^ 
school  hotiSe  sites  are  uninclosed.    Seven  hundred  and  thirtj-eigkt 
school  bouses  are  represented  as  without  blaokboards,  and  b«t ' 
comparatirel  J  few  districts  have  outline  maps,  or  apparatus  of  any 
kind.    The  number  of  -district  libraries  is  8S0,  containing  14,087  ' 
volumes.  • 

THE  SCHOOL  TXTSD. 

Th^  present  available  seurces  t>f  Increase  to  the  school  fund  are,  • 
property  that  may  accrue  to  the  Slate  by  forfeiture  or  escheat;  the 
proceeds  of  fines  collected  for  breach  of  the  penal  laws;  moneys 
arislbgfrom  the  sale  of  the  sixteenth  section  of  land  in  each 
township ;  from  the  sale  of  the  five  hundred  thousand  acres  grant- 
ed to  the  State  for  school  purposes,  and  five  per  cent  of  the  nett 
proceeds  of  the  sales  of  the  public  lands  within  the  State.  ; 

The  ooDidition  of  the  school  fund  is  as  follows :  ' 

Junovnt  of  School  Bind  dues,  $1,415,362  60         • 

ijuountof  School  ffind  loanq,  220^914  24         i 

Balance  in  treasury  subject  to  loan  34,682  03 

Total  principal  or  capital  of  aohoal  fund,  '  $1,670,868  77  ' 
The  principal  of  this  fand  as  above  given,  except  the  amount 
stated  as  being  in  the  hands  of  the  Stale  treasurer,  is  drawmg  sev-  ' 
en  per  cent  interest,  payable  in  adsrance  during  the  month  of  Jan-  ' 
uary,  during  each  year,  which  interest  constitutes  the  income  of  ^ 
the  school  fund  annnally  apportioned  and  distributed  to  the  towns 
and  cities  of  the  State  for  the  support  of  common  schools. 

The  capital  of  the  school  fund  qb  above 

stated,  is  $1,670,258  77 

im  npoii  thfe^umoneyeaf,  at  7 per  cent,  $116,dl8  ll  • 

To  whick  add  baianoe  of  int  on  haad^  fi7,49S  9% 

And  you  have  a  total  of  $144,4155  03 


19 

He  atnfbiitit  of  intere&t  on  liand  incIudeB  adranced  intereet  al- 
readjrpaid  fbr  1855,  which  will  lessen  the  amonnt  dtie  in  January 
to  the  extent  of  the  interest  bo  paid ;  bnt  it  is  snpposed  that  inter* 
est  on  sales  dnring  the  winter  will  equal,  at  least,  that  amonnt 
Should  all  the  interest  due  for  1855,  be  punctually  paid,  andthe 
saks  that  are  anticipated  be  effected,  together  with  an  early  loan 
of  the  amonnt  in  the  treasury,  the  amount  that  will  be  subject  to 
apportionment  in  March  next,  will  be  $144,413  08,  or  about  nioe- 
ty-three  cents  to  each  <ihild  OTer  fbur  and  under  twenty  ye^rs  of 
age,  reported  to  this  ofBce  as  residiag  in  the  State. 

The  above  statements  show  an  addition  of  $528,454  49  to  the 
school  fond^  during  the  past  year;  an  increase  of  $(39,081  81  in 
tbe  income  subject  to  distiibntion,  and  an  increase  of  21  cents  to 
each  child  over  four  and  under  twenty  years  of  age.  Only  $22,. 
637  56  has  been  added  to  the  fund  from  the  nett  proceeds  c£  the 
sales  of  the  public  lands  within  the  Stale,  and  it  is  beKeved  that 
BO  loss  than  sixty  thousand  dollars  are  now  due  the  State  from  the 
Greneral  Goyemment,  as  the  sales  of  laoad  since  1850,  when  the 
first  and  only  payment  on  this  account  was  received,  have  been - 
very  extensive,  particularly  during  the  past  two  years.  This  fiv0 
per  cent,  is  withheld  by  the  General  Government  from  the  State, 
for  the  purpose. of  liquidating  a  debt  against  it,  arising  out  of  tbe 
grant  of  land  by  Congress  to  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin,  for  the 
purpose  of  constructing  a  canal  from  Lake  Jktichigan  to  Bock  riv- 
er I  am  gratified  to  state  that>  a  re^investigation  and  consideration 
of  this  subject  has  been  opened  at  Washington  during  the  past 
year,  with  the  proper  authorities^  through  the  instrumentality  of 
the  Executive  of  tbe  State,  with  every  proepectof.  obtaining  at  an  .- 
early  day,  the  amount  of  the  five  per  cent,  nett  proceeds  of  the 
sales  of  the  public  lands^  which  has  been  accumulating  for  over 
four  years,  to  be  added  to  the  school  fund  of  the  State. 

PlAHa  OPOIt  THX^tfV&OVIClEEa^ 

The  law  requires;  t^erState  Superintendent  to  communioaite  to  . 
the  legislature  plans  j^or.the.  better  organization  of  the  con^aoxi.- 


20 

schools.  Ifi  the  discharge  of  thii^  datj  it  is  not  thought  neceesaiy 
to  suggest  to  the  Tegislatare  any  plans  for  the  better  organization 
of  the  schools  which  would  require  any  change  in  the  system  as 
it  now  exists,  or  affect  a  modification  of  any  of  its  important  de- 
tails. 

The  income  of  the  scbool  fund  for  the  ensuing  year  is  n^ueh 
greater  than  it  was  last  year,  and  the  law  is  deemed  sufficient  to  • 
seeopethe  best  posBib!e  disposition  of  this  income  for  the  promo- 
tion of  the  objects  intended,  if  faithfully  and  intelligently  adminis- 
tered. 

The  power  of  improving  the  common  schools,  inweasing  their 
usefuibesB,  enlarging  the  benefits  derivable  from  them,  and  of 
guying  them  greater  popularity  and  character,  rests  solely  with 
tiie  people.' 

Is  there  an  unsuitable  school  house, — an  incompetent  teacher-^ 
superficial  instruction — late  and  irregular  attendance  upon  school 
— short  sessions,  aiid  all  the  attendant  evils  which  produce  "a  bad 
state  of  things'*  in  a  school, — Wliere  lies  the  fault  ?  Not  with  the 
law,  for  it  gives  the  districts  and  their  ofiiccrs  ample  power  to 
btdld  up  schools  of  the  greatest  excellence.  The  fault  lies  with 
the  people;  and  it  Is  to  them  that  plans  are  suggested,  for  their 
consideration  and  adoption.  80  long  as  the  people  remain  indif- 
ferent to  the  character  of  their  school,  so  long  will  their  children 
haye  to  attend  indifferent  schools.  The  ways  and  means  are  pro- 
vided by  law,  to  establish  usefnl  and  creditable  schools  in  every 
district,  and  fbrther  than  that  the  law  cannot  go ;  the  rest  must  be 
done  by  the  people.  School  houses  will  not  grow  up  spontane- 
ously, like  the  trees  of  the  forest ;  time,  l^bor,  and  means  are  re- 
quisite for  their  erection. 

Competent  teachere  will  not  voluntarily  and  gratuitously  lend 
tiieir  services  in  the  cause  of  popular  education;  they  must  be 
Bought  and  remunerated*  A  umform  aeries  of  text  books  will  not 
be  adopted  by  accident  in  schools  ;  the  district  board  must  deter- 
mine the  matter,  and  the  parents  must  comply  with  such  determi- 
iiati(»i«    A  punetaal  and  regular  attendance  upon  school  of  all 


2i 

the  children  of  the  district,  canttot  bo  effected  without  the  co-o]^ 
eration  6f  parents  with  the  teacher.'  Large  districts  with'  large 
•toeatis  will  not  exist  "wiihoht  the  intelligent  action  of  the  peaple, 
and  a  correct  pnblic  siehtiiment  to  inflncnce  the  town  snperihtefnd- 
ent  in  his'^offlcial  acts.  '  In  fine,  nothing  "tfrilt  be  done  rightly  and 
*c'orii['letely  while  the  people  are  indifferent  or  inattentive  to  the 
snbject  of  school  '  '    '' ' 

Some  plans  and  suggestions  for  the  improvement  of  the  schools 
are  submitted  upon  subjects  intimately  connected  with  their  suc- 
cess; and  although  some  of  them  maybe  considered  frivolous, 
they  aid  in  making  up  that  aggregate  of  want^,  and  delinquencies 
and  evils  which  are  paralizing  the  energies  of  the  teacher,  and 
rendering  schools  i^  some  instances  useless. 

SCHOOL  HOUSES. 

A0  the  site,  external  appearance  and,  abOYe  all,  the  internal 
.arrangements  of  school  houses,  have  a  powerful  influenoe  for 
good  or  evil  upon  the  character  and  success  of  the  school,  in  any 
and  every  point  it  may  be  viewed,  the  first  efforta  at  reform 
should  be  directed  to  these  strnctures,  by  improYing  and  perfect- 
ing them  as  a  means  whereby  the  schools  may  be  made  mom 
useful  and  efficient.  Much  has  been  said,  and  written  and  done, 
relative  to  insufficient  and  ill-eonstrncted  school  houses,  with  a 
design  to  condemn  those  uncouth  and  repulsive  structures,  seem* 
ingly  planned  for  the  apparent  pnrpose  of  repelling  from  the 
school  room  a  portion  of  the  yontb,  or  of  being  the  means  of 
forming  bad  tastes  and  habits,  distorting  the  youthful  form,  and 
engendering  incurable  diseases.  But  upon  a  subject  of  so  great 
importance,  involving  so  many  considerations,  and  demanding  the 
earnest  attention  of  so  large  a  portion  of  community,  too  much 
eannot  be  said  in  reminding  parents  of  their  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities in.this  respect.  It  cannot  reasonably  be  expected  ih  a  ne«ir 
and  in  many  parts  sparsely  populated  State,  with  school  districts, 
in  many  instances,  possessed  of  but  limited  means,  and  a  school 
system  yet  in  its  infancy,  that  there  should  generally  be  found 


jM)]l2^11^nA63  of  an  ornfo^ental  atjle  of  aiscUitectiure,  or  poweofifd 
pf  fill  tj^9p6  ituproTomentfli  sarrouudingj^  and  ^ppeijid^gea,  tbiitjpre 
Iff  .i^i)gU  Ito  bo  fuond  in  tho  mono  popa^uf  ^ad  wostlthj  loc^^Uii^ 
^\it^0re  ^Ureradicail  defooU  in  <?ona(r!;i^tipQ  and  ioiernqJ  d^rmgfi- 
^^^n%  wd  a  no^eot  to  proyido  nec^^sarj  convemenoic^s  apd  cqn^- 
fyft^  in  not  a  tewftnuotoirw  of  tl^ia  ]s;ind^  tbftt  ciijl  lon^lj  for  to* 
form — which  appeals  to  our  sympathies  as  well  pur  j^d^o^^t. 
]( have  accordingly  in  Appendix  *^  B/'  prepared  several  plana  for 
Bchool  houses  suited  to  the  accommodation  of  scUoola  of  differ- 
efnt  numbers,  accompanied  with  some  suggestions  relative  to 
warming,  ventilation,  appendages  and  outdoor  conveniences, 
which  it  is  thought,  will  meet  the  wants  of  many  of  the  dist^cts. 
These  plans  are  not  submitted  as  perfect  models,  or  with  the  ex- 
pectation that  they  will  meet  the  requirements  of  very  many  loca- 
lities, but  as  a  decided  improvement  upon  man j  now  in  use ; 
having  consulted  economy  in  plan  and  arrangement,  so  far  as  is 
consistent  with  the  health  and  comfort  of  tiie  scholars  at^d  teach- 
ers, and  the  good  order  and  proficiency  of  the  schools;  Hie  pe- 
^rts  from  the  several  towns  for  the  past  year,  show  a  large 
increase  in  the  amount  expended  in  the  erection  of  theae  edifices 
over  that  of  last  year ;  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  a  better 
class  of  buildings  have  been  erected.  * 

But  while  this  fact  is  apparent,  it  is  equally  so,  that  far  less  con- 
sideration is  given,  generally,  to  the  size  and  arrangement  of  the 
school  house,  to  secure  the  health,  comfort  and  full  employment 
of  the  valuable  hours  of  youth,  than  in  the  construction  of  edifices 
devoted  to  many  institutions  in  the  laud. 

tn  the  erection  of  church  edifices,  of  buildings  devoted  to 
pleasure  and  amusement,  to  public  entertainment,  to  public  chari- 
ties, to  a  higher  order  of  institutions  of  learning  than  our  common 
schools,  and  in  our  du'ellings,  we  ever  keep  in  view,  the  health, 
comfor^  and  convenience  of  those  who  will  occupy  them,  and  a 
complete  adaptation  of  the  building  to  the  purposes  for  which  it  is 
erected.  More  than  that,  architectural  skill  is  displayed,  beauty 
of  form  and  finish  is  consulted,  prominence  in  location  considered. 


»8 

-%«<iAU  the  anfu^gmxenbi  fnfe  4aph  HA  t^  nfiprpuioate  ta  p^i^atlaii 
^  all  the  iie<»et#Ai7  ap{M9o4age9  qad  aoeompwrneAts  to  ^Mh  pt 
n^oh  eclificee. 

'  Wewenel  of  tbcpie  who  belieire  tibut  youtk  caBiiot  lenni  in 

fdhoolfr  wilhotit  being  encompasied  hy  a  qplM^  and  eoetly.  e4i- 

AM)  and  all  the  afpli^neee  whieh  lai^  espeoditoree  dt  aimej 

«leiBe  oan  ptodaoe;  bat  iredo  ttdnk  that  the  tohool  house  cdiedd 

pfetent  a  reepeefahle  imd  iavitfai|f  appearance^  and  eheald  b^'Ho 

<  (iiiaated  and  ftovreuded,  wiA  oilt*door  omretiietioeB,  that  die  in- 

iiate  eease  of  pvopkiftgr  end  mi^d^y  ef  the  papila  shall  net  %e 

blmted,  and  the  genn  of  impr^^ely  implanted  in  their  ycMrfh- 

fol  miaftdt;  It  shoi^ld  be  so  armnged  Internallj  as  to  promote  luMts 

of  order  and  oleaoliness ;  should  be  properly  warmed^  TentiUted 

Ijoid  cleanaod,  ^«h  eeats  and  deste  of  ptoper  slae,  heigUC  aftd 

leagth)  and  all  itS'amingements  snch  as  to  adapt  Iho  baildhig  to 

'  the  purpose  ibr  whieh  it  is  intended. 

As  these  subjects  are  all  considered  in  Appendix  "  Bj'Mt.is  un- 
necessarj  to  go  into  details  here. 

Many  teachers  think  that  th'efmbi^  difficult  part  of  their  ddtiesis 
.  to  establish  and  maintain  good,  order  ^^  di^iplinf^^and  td  a^opt  a 
■;  §j6tem  and  method  in  the  naan^gauient  and  iQ^trnotionof  the  sd^pipJ. 
f  Without  order  iipd.good  (Jificif^aein  6,chool  there  can  be  no  i»rp- 
;;gress,  for  aU  is  contneiiop  and  distr^ti4H)|  fvnd  wi^tlM>ut  sjst^m  4n 
;  the  mfina^meiit  of  the  scbool^  prqgvesa  mx%t  be»  comipa^ativelj 
.aLow.  ;.  An  ill^planned  school  rooin.i^  ^^  absc^ate  prevention  of 
.^good  ordor  af^d.al^  Qpfs^raf^Q  ^^it^  thfeii$fttablii»bi9iBat  of  a  gted 
.i^stea^i^  sp  thfitin  tbia  respfBjc^  aWne  tbeKe;is  a  strong  reason  4pr 

.l«reILarcasged  sojiool:  rooma.  Anpther  ^c^^o^ideration  i^  the  health 
,  •of  tb^  p.apl^  apd  t^a^he^.,  Xhi^  is* not  pnoperlj^.car^d  for  ia  a.  <dRin 
,/WJbeire  thfs  daftt  is.avi&ii^g  &ei|i  fboi  fittjh  upon. the  floor,  attdtjis 

4»iwn.in  upon  the  laDgB:^jtbe^ scholars;  n()r  where  thej  axett- 
-poeed  to.c9«rwts  of  air  frpxn;icBaeks.'i9>  th^  waHs  of  tk^  building) 

t9£C  about  the  dpprs.  and  window^ i  orwjbi^e  thej.are  fi)roed(4o 

ibf«atbie  i^npnre  air  for  want-  ^  proper  Bieaas  of  ventilation^  ler 


t'84 

obliged  py  sit  np6n  HH^cotBtfiiisMt  eektA^  pi^ddndtrg   fseTapdtfkty 
t'pda  and  scmietimed  reetiltiufgin  permAn«blldi6iMiov^  of  tbe^body. 

Time  is  another  consideration.  It  is  not  seldom  tbe  case  tbat 
one^H^lf  of  4be  ]|^Qming;itos8iQaiiu.thQ  ▼iiiter!eefi80ftiaIaetto  the 
papiJ^y  in  aQn$4^iM<k^i9fvthe  imaffioient  prdi(isinn8r!fi)t  waiianng 
ibe  room,  ,\>j  mem^oi  a  poOr^WoMdrpipti,^  aa  many  differciat 
fliize$  a^  tibu^rei  ar^  ioiQtc^*  belchitg  cloo^^of'smok^  lAio  iheroova, 
a^d  gr^an  ovfoUcaT^d/iKoodtalp^li;  from  ibe  aaow  or  mud  at  the 
door;  d$7§ of  .v^InaM^ timeara  t]p|iib lost ia «aiig}e  tajrm.  Suoh 
A  at«[te,Qf,  thit^.te^i^  ixy  faiiuUwriaeitba  pnpila  vith  diaordes^and 
Qopfasion^  m^  to  d<9fltroy  all  ioelinatit)!!  to  respeot  or  obae^e  ti.  It 
alao.ono^eaa  want  ofipuaotualiiy  andi  .regularity  in  attendaoitfei^* 
o^  HQhool)  wbeA  in  ibe  momiDgflnd  m  MTetie.  weather  the  pnpils 
b^vB  no  asaara^^,  thatthey  iviU  be  comfortable  at  tha  eofaoel 
hooae.  Fopr  school  honsea  aerye  alao  to  in^reaae'  tb0  pnmbeir  of 
non-attendants  npon  the  pnblio  school,  andoccasiojoi, awithdrftital 
of  the  inflnence  of  their  parents  from  public  schools  j^nd  a  bestow- 
al of  it  npon  prirate  ones. 

.  TS4CHSBB* 

Of  all  the  tMogs  neeessarj  to  be  done  to  improve  the  pubBc 
aehools  there  is  none  more  important  than  the  improvement  of 
teachers  themselves.  "We  may  provide  school  bouses  suitable  in 
every  respect,  awaken  a  deepjnterest  in  the  cause  of  education  oa 
the  part  x>t  patents,  so  that  minor  evils  referred  to  will  vanish  and 
cease  to  harass  the  teacher  and  injure  the  schools,  and  if  the  teach- 
er is  not  what  he  should  be,^aU  previous  trouble  will  prove  nearly 
useless,— the  school  will  be  as  a  b^y  without  a  soul.  There  is  too 
great  indifference  in  many  districts  of  the  state  as  to  th«  necessity 
of  having  well  qualifled  teachers  to  instract  their  children,  and  too 
little  discrimination  on  the  part  of  scbool  officers,  as  well  as  others, 
Iteween  the  valne  of  good  and  poor  teachers.  Ohildren  cannot  at- 
tisnd  school  six  hours  each  day  for  eight  or  ten  years  of  their 
early  life,  when  the  mind  is  inost  susceptible  of  impressions,  aiftd 
the  most  retentive  wheoi  once  impressed,  without  becoming  con- 


ii6 

tainitiirteaff  ^sbtriited  wlfh  Yice,  aWd  wif&ont  continuing  rirtnons 
if  associated  with  virtue.    It  is  in  the  school  rOom,  dnring  th^se 
jeare,  that  the  character  of  the  pupils,  in  a  great  measure,  i* 
formed  for  life ;  and  the  direction  there  given  to  their  n^oral  and 
•ftrtdWctual  n*tu!^6,  fttfd  thxi  self-con frol  and  seTf  reliance  there  at- 
tained wiH  follow  them  thrpiTgTi  their  future  career  in  life.  Hence 
the  imlf>(yrtattcd  6f '^rtgag?ng  teicMffe'of  learning  and  ability,  of 
good  habits  and  precepts,  po^Srfessin'pf  tJie  tact  arrt! 'ability  to  maintain 
flfnch'dTscipHne  as^wiH  becur*e  oburteay,  kindness  and  politt^ness  on 
tHe  part  of  the  scholars,  aiid  a  dtie  appreeiation  of  the  mofttl  ahd 
'social  obligatiohs  undbr  which'they  exist. 

.  A^  ttie  teacher  is,  so  is  jihe  sc^iQql.  He  teaches  by  example  as  wdl 
.  as  by  precept  If  the  tea,Qher  ip  boisterous  the  scholars  will  be  so ; 
if  he  is  uncourteow  toward  his  scholars  they  will  be  so  to  him 
and  to  each  other;  if  he  disregards, bis  word  in  his  own  communi- 
cations with  his  scholars^  tb^y  will  do  it  and  lose  all  considerations 
<^  the  value  of  tmth;  if  he  is  careless  in  hearing  recitations  and 
teaching  principles,  they  wiU  be  careless  in  preparing  themselves 
for  recitation,  and  indifferent  as  to  understanding  principles ;  if 
the  teacher  is  superficial  in  his  teachings,  the  knowledge  of  the 
scholars  will  be  of  the  same  character;  if  the  teacher  manifests 
no  zeal  or  energy  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties,  he  will  soon  ob- 
serve a  listlessness  on  the  part  of  his  scholars;  if  he  tolerates 
wrongs  he  must  expeet  his  school  to  become  riotous ;  if  he  is  un- 
necessarily severe  in  his  government,  he  will  lose  the  moral  pow- 
er he  should  possess  over  hii^  pupils^ 

Teachers  can  much  benefit  themselves  by  frequent  association 
with  each  other,  and  discussing  subjects  connected  with  their  dn- 
tiea  af  snchu  Town  associations  of  teachers  might  beiormed  with 
greiit  advanta^s^  as  iberaseems  really  po  obstacle  to  prevent  them. 
Sobool  offioera  and  parents  wonld  attend  them,  and  thus  an  inter- 
aatwoald  be  awakened  in  the  midds '  of  the  people  and  a  better 
indefstandaogeKiat  between  them  and  l3ie  teachers,  reaaltingirom 
aaQh  Msooiationa*    Of  com^  associations  and  inslitntes  and  nor- 

4 


S6 

malBqhoqb  £or  better  pcep^rmg  {^i^^i^fiv their  d^^epi,  ^e,bw^ 

TEXT  BOOKS* 

Ano^Iier  fierioQP  ob$t»cle  to  th«  creator  cifflciai^qy  of  mt  eoi^- 
mom  6choQl$y  ia  the  great. diver^itj  of  text  booka  in  use.  ]Sy  the 
repprta  made  to  this  office  it  appears  tl^(t  tbe  bopka  wbiab  are^xxMit 
^ia§4  in  the  dijileimt  toaps  cK»mprjae  a  list  of  4fi^w  differ^9t  op^l- 
lUig  hook^  eighteen  readers,  ten  geographies,  fifteea  aiititfoetMaB 
92^  twenty  grainma2!8 ;  and  it  is  beHeved  that  if  all  tha  schpyl 
books  in  nse  were  known,  they  would  comprise  a  Ust  m^9t:lj  fs 
extensive  as  that  reported  in  Connecticnt  a  few  years  since,  which, 
in  the  five  studies  named,  included  the  works  of  one  hnndred*  and 
ninety-one  different  authors.  The  same  divefsity  6i  text  1)ook8 
extends  to  History^  Algebra,  PhiJosbpby,  Chemistry,  &c.  In  a 
majority  of  the  schools  this  evil  of  a  dirersity  of  text  books  exists, 
and  that  it  should  be  overcome  nd  one,  who  is  at  all  acquainted 
with  the  routine  of  duties  in  a  school  room,  will  attempt  to  gain- 
say. Where  there  are  different  text  books  in  the  same  school 
there  will  be  just  aS  many  different  classed,  which  in  many  in- 
stances so  divide  the  time  of  the  teacher  among  a  multiplicity  of 
classes,  that  he  is  able  to  devote  but  a  few  mihutes  to  each,  and 
has  necessarily  to  hurty  through  recitations,  imparting  little  or  no 
instruction  and  making  them  mere  exhibitions  of  memory  on  the 
part  of  pupils.  It  is  evident  to  every  one  that  under  6uch  circum- 
stances, little  or  no  progress  can  be  made  by  a  school,  and  the  iin- 
lucky  teacher  is  too  frequently  made  to  suffer  as  the  sole  cause  of 
this  want,  of  prpficiency.  •       ,.     , 

:  The  primary  objeeli  to  be  aecomplished  in  dii8<Tesp«atia  not  so 
much  to  seente  themse  of  th«  ^ame  t^  beaks  id  aU-t&e  aehobla 
oftbe  state,  or  of  aoennfty,'  as  in  tewn»<a»l  {nrticaiarly.sahbc^jdji^- 
trietB.  Foreachsahoel  disliiotis*  aepiratoiind  ^diitinct  oqifanE- 
aation,  entirely  in^peiidtet  of  all  others^ and. 8«ieb'l]a/ean8<  aad 
appliancea  ehovld  be<jiiseA  tbrnipoDoi^e  and  perfect  %  ab  •  urU)  uiflke 
it  the  mesna  of  ebnfe>riiig«iipon  the;  dastrict^  >  upon  I3ie  yendi  «!• 


•T 

i^dspg  it^  tbe  greateat  passible* benefit  It  i$  not  ^ecMtiv^  for 
1jk^.  tchool  of  diBtriot  No.  i),  to  aae  taxi  boQk3  by  the  ajgooe  aiotbcirs 
^  tfaoge  used  by  district  No.  1»  ia  order  that  No.  3  may  be  equally 
Mproficient ;  i^  ihere  are  l^^lOSt  innumerable  works,  by  diffbreuLt 
Mtbors,  upon  the  same  subjeet»  thrown  before  the  pnblic,  m^ 
wmy  of  them  are  of  nearly  eqiuJ  merit,  and  if  introdneed  in|o 
Ihe  fioboola  will  be  regarded  wilih  eqnal  favor,  and  produee  like 
JtiiSTiltB.  An  opcesional  change  in  the  books  uaed,  espeqially  |n 
eobools  of  4  higber  grade,  is  nsef oL 

As  the  town  superintendent  exercises  a  supervision  ^reac  the 

fiohools  within,  his  towiv,  it  is,  for  numy  reasons,  an  advantf^  to 
^e  schools  to  hare  a  unifonnity  of  text  book^  in  all  the  schools 
of  tfie  tewn*  It  will  aid  the  town  superii^tendent  in  his  in^;^c- 
iim  of  teachers  and  schoolsi  apd  render  the  intercoujrse  betwe^ 
if^ciiera  more  profitable  to  themselves  and  theii;  {^upils. 

The  law  providfts  that  ^^  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  state  super- 
ihtendent  to  recommend  the  introdiu^ticm  of  the  most  approved 
iexti  bookstand  as  &r  sb  practicabl'e,,  to  secure  a  uniformi^  In  tjfe 
Qseaftestfaeokain  the  eommon  schools  thron^eut  the  Stbtct." 
And  it  farther  provides,  tihat  ^^the  board  lA  each  eehool  district 
fihali  bave  power  under  the  advice  of  the  amperintendeafc  of 
pnbttc  instnictLcA  to  determine  what.aohool  and  text  books  shaJl 
be  need  in  the  seveml  branches  taught  in  the  school  of  awh 
district."  This  ia.  the  extent  of  the  law  on*  this  subjiect,  ai»d 
IB  sufficient,  in  my  view,  to  accomplish  all  that  is  necessary 
in  the  preji^ises.  .As  the:  town  superintendejDit  is  privileged 
ta  give  ids  advioe.  and  direction  to  district  boards,  and  to 
teachers,  as  to  the  goverrfment  of  the  schools  and  the  course 
of  study  to  be  puii;sued  therein,  let  such  officer  so  advise 
with  tho:  district  board  and  see  that  in,  each  of  the  schools 
within  bis  jurisdiction,  a  uniformity  in  the  use  of  text  books 
is  securedt"  No  other  act  of  Teform  which  he  can  induce,  will 
.prodi^ce  a  mpre  beaeficial  result  than  this.  Were  ajl  peraons 
employed  to  .teach  9ur  schools  professional  teachers,  possessed  of 
all  the  qualifications  necessary  to  render  them  worthy  of  that  ex- 


88 

alted  title,  ftis  evil  wottld  be  greatly  tednced  in  magnitude ;  btit 
as  it  fe  easier  to  secure  uniibrmTty  of  text  books  in  every  school 
than  the  services  of  professional' tedfehers,  the  more  speedy  reme- 
dy shonld  be  applied.  The  nniformity  of  text  b6oks  thronghont 
the  entire  state  is  not  thonght  important,  even  If  it  were  practica- 
ble. No  effort  has  yet,  as  I  am  aware,  been  mfede  nnder  the 
sanction  of  law,  to  enforce  the  use  of  a  nnifonh  series  of  books 
thronghont  a  state,  except  in  Illinois,  dnring  the  present  year,  and 
the  plan  seems  to  meet  with  mnch  opposition,  and  will  probably 
result  in  a  iailare. 

In  the  eastern  states,  where  public  schools  have  attained  the 
highest  degree  of  perfection,  no  idea  is  entertained  of  a  necessity 
to  have  a  nnifortnity  of  school  books  throughout  a  state ;  the  people 
would  regard  it  as  surrendering  too  much  of  their  liberty,  as  invest- 
ing in  one  man,  or  set  of  men  comprising  a  Central  Board,  too  much 
power  in  allowing  them  to  dictate  what  books  their  children 
shall  study.  Towns  and  districts  regard  themselves  as  little  inde* 
pendent  republics,  jealous  of  their  privileges,  and  unwilUng  to 
yield  a  power  that  may  more  suCGessfully  and  i^eeably  be  exer- 
cised by  local  authorities  in  the  districts  and  towns.  Were  there 
but  one  set  of  books  among  the  vast  number  thrown  before  the 
public,  which  are  adapted  to  use  in  oommon  schools,  a  different 
state  of  things  would  exist,  and  a  uniformity  throughout  the  state 
wx)uld  follow  as  a  necessary  incident  to  furnishing  each  school 
with  sueh  meritorious  books. 

Upon  a  comparison  of  the  returns  in  this  office  with,  the  recom- 
mendations of  text  books  suitable  to  be  used  in  the  schools^  made 
by  my  predecessors,  there  appears  Utile  ground  foi*  belief  that  very 
great  success  has  attended  such  recommendations  in  affecting  the 
object  intended.  The  wisdom  of  those  recommendations  is  not 
brought  in  question ;  but  circumstances  and  counter  influences  are 
such  that  an  individual  recommendation,  carrying  with  it  no  other 
weight  or  power  than  the  confidence  reposed  in  the  means  and  abfl- 
ity  of  the  officer  to  discriminate  upon  so  important  a  subject,  is 
not  likely  to  be  very  extensively  adopted. 


S9 

In  many  difltriets,  tb^  books  recoi9(mended  eaiiAot  be  procured 
without  great  inconvenieBQe,  and  they  are  content  to  use  saCh  as 
are  within  their  reach.  Publishing  firms  are  alive  to  their  own 
interests  and  can  afibrd  to  expend  large  sums  in  employing  agents 
to  canvass  the  state  for  the  purpose  of  introducing  their  pnbliea- 
tioDs,  as  the  field  is  an  extensive  one,  promising  large  profits  in 
retam  for  the  outlay.  This  is  an  influence  difficult  to  overcome, 
nor  is  it  desirable,  if  good  books  are  thus  introduced  into  the  school. 
Bat  it  is  not  calculated  to  result  in  securing  a  uniform  series 
throughout  the  state,  as  there  are  rival  firms.  The  law,  as  before 
stated,  requires  the  state  superintendent  to  recommend  tlie  intro- 
duction of  the  most  approved  text  books. 

It  would  be  a  laborious  task  to  ascertain  what  text  books  really 
are  the  most  approved  as  the  best  litei:ary  institutions  in  the  coun- 
try differ  in  their  choice  of  elementary  and  other  school  books. 

I  therefore  recommend  the  following  series  of  books  as  highly 
meritorious  works,  and  eminently  worthy  to  be  introduced  into  the 
schools  of  the  state,  and  commend  their  adoption  by  district  offi- 
cers. 

SpMing  Book. — ^McQuffy's. 

Reading  J?<?^*^.— McOuffjr's  Ist,  2nd,  3rd,  4th  &  5th. 

2£c€hiffey^8  Pictorial  Primer  is  a  very  excellent  little  book  to 
bo  placed  in  the  hands  of  beginners,  being  well  adapted  to  the  ca- 
pacity of  childhood.  It  is  beliered  that  no  better  series  can  be 
adopted  than  this,  as  it  leads  the  scholar  gradually  fVom  the  first 
pi^ciplesofotir  language,  through  the  entire  series,  affording  a 
complete  and  systematic  method  of  learning  the  art  of  reading. 

Geographies. — Mitchell's  Primary. 

Ifitchell^s  School  Geography  and  Atlas. 
Mitchell's  Qeographical  Question  Book.  ' 

Ou&ine  J/"^^.— Pelton's  (with  Key.) 

Arithmeticf. — Colburn's  Intellectual. 
Bay's.    PajrtSd. 

(rrammartf.— Greene's  Elements  of  English  Grammar. 

Tower's  Elenlei&ts  of  Gtamimiir  (for  begimiers)* 


30 

AnaZysis  of  TToTtfo.— KcEUigott's  Analyticftl  M antial. 
Bi8tarie9. — ^Pariey'e  Firet  and  Second  Boolu. 

Goodrich's  History  of  the  United  States  (new  Ed.). 
2fatur{d  Philosophy, — Johnston's. 
Algebra, — ^Ray'e,  Parts  1st  ife  2d. 
Geometry, — ^Davie's  Legendre. 
Astronomy. — Smith's  Qtiarto. 
Chemistry. — Johnston's  Turner's  Elements. 
BooTcKeeping. — Mayhew*8  Practical. 

I  most  cordially  concur  in  the  recommendation  of  my  prede- 
cessor for  the  introduction  of  book-keeping  into  tho  common  schools, 
as  "a  large  proportion  of  the  children  of  the  state  receive  their  ed- 
ucation in  public  schools,  and  among  the  preparations  for  businesa 
and  active  life  which  they  receive,  some  knowledge  of  book-keep- 
ing is  an  object  of  importance."  I  know  of  no  work  so  well  adap* 
ted  in  every  respect  for  use  in  the  public  schools  as  the  one  named. 

Anatomy^  Physiology  and  JSygiene — Cutters. 

Human  and  Comparative  Physiology^  by  Mrs.  E.  P.  Cutter,  for 
beginners. 

I  deem  it  of  the  highest  importance  that  this  study  should  be 
introduced  into  the  common  schools,  and  in  tho  order  of  study 
should  take  precedence  of  all  others  except  those  branches  re- 
quired by  law  to  be  taught.  The  little  work  is  adapted  to  the.  ca- 
pacity and  wants. (^  children  twelve  years  of  age,  and  as  far  aa  I 
have  observed  in  schools  where  this  study  is  pursued,  the  pupils. . 
regard  it  as  very  interesting  and  make  rapid  progress.  They  are 
thus  early  in  youth  becoming  acquainted  with  important  truths 
concerning  their  own  physical  constitution,  wijh  the  functions  of 
the  different  Cleans, and  the  laws  of  health;  and  are  imbibing 
principles  which  will  be  of  great  service  in  their  youth  and  after 
life,  in  aiding  them  to  adopt  such  a  course  of  conduct  as  will  in- 
sure the  greatest  physical  vigor  and  the  consequent  enjoyment  or 
good  health. 

The  la^^  work  on]  the  same  subject,  by.  Dr.  Calvin  Cutter,. 


31 

is  «K)i««i^eftdiid  m  it»  lQT<«tigil1i€M|  mi  tolted  to  the  tiee  of 
old^rfioholare.  Both  works  Qontain  eH^;rftVif>gt  to  illustrftte  the 
aQttomj  of  the  htim«n  qrsten.  There  ave  also  ten  large  anstoim* 
cal  outline  plates,  eirm&ged  to  acoompatiy  the  books^  whieh  will 
gieatlyaid  the  pupil  in  prosecutiug  this  stody.  lliese  plates  can 
he  prDc«i)raid  for  te»  dollars  a^  s^ ;  one  of  which  is  stiffleient  for  the 
use  <!^  a  school,  and  shonld  be  s^i^spended  npon  the  wall. 

Dictianaries, — ^Webster's  Unabridged,  should  be  used  by  every 
teacher  ia  the  school  room,  and  a  copy  of  either  the  ^^  Sohool,^' 
"fi{gh  8<ihool,^  or  *^  Qaarto  Academie"  edition  should  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  pupil  who  can  read. 

IfregutaT  Attendance^  and  want  of  Punctuality. — Teachers  are 
unanimous  in  their  testimony  that,  of  all  the  evils  necessary  to  be 
overcome  ifa  schools,  there  are  none  which  so  completely  baffle 
all  their  efforts  and  plans  for  effecting  a  reform  as  irregular  atten- 
dance upon  school,  and  tardiness,  or  want  of  punctuality  in  being 
at  the  school  room  at  the  hour  of  opening  school.  These  may  be 
considered  trivial  things,  but  they  are  serious  obstacles  to  the  sue- 
cessfh!  management  and  rapid  progress  of  a  school.  The  effect 
prodtioed'by  tardiness  is  that  the  delinquents  are  unable  to  con- 
tinue with  their  class^  on  account  of  the  loss  of  recitations  and  the 
accompanying  instructions  of  thfe  teacher ;  and  they  must  either 
go  ori'Wfthout  a  knowledge  of  What  has  been  mastered  by  their 
feltoWH  In  the  class,  or  the  class  must  be  kept  back  until  they  can 
acquire <-what  has'  been  lost  through  this  want  of  punctuality,  or 
they^nitiet  fttlbacfe  into  another  class,— thbre  probably  a  new  one 
ha«fdWorganiaed.' '  '         '  ^* 

If  new  classes  are  thus  formed,  the  whole  school  suffer  by  a 
fiiflberdl'^l6i<>^^^^  ti^e  6rthe  teacher.  If  tbe  "class  is  kept 
bads  iifitll'  tb^  delifaqtients  Overtake  it^  the  class  suffers ;  atid  if 
they  go  on  Without'  iftastering  what  they  have  mftsed  by  tafdl- 
nsfls^  t&ciy  Mi^iiesefisarll;^  be  the  losers.  The  ^am^  evils  rel^Tzlt 
from  iiT^gAIIii^'Mteiidtoce,  bdt  in  a  greater  degree.  Thus  a  dls^t^- 
rabgetricffbt  ol^d  classificitSon  hjA  system  of  the  school  is  afSscfted, 
and-itti  >«iriiK^jr*tthd  good  order  i^^^ 


33 

Tbia  evil  can  oal^  be  oy^rcanae.bjr  tbeh^ari^  CH'J>pemAimof  pt- 
roots  wUb  teaalievs;  %  all. effort^  of  the  latter  .teKard#  refor^^  in, 
this  respect,  are  pawerlesa^t/io  long  as.tb^  are  op(K)$ed  bj  pareote, 
either  d^rough  waqt  of  eomideraJti^^?  indifferi^m^  ordefigA*.  Tbia  . 
oppoeitioQ  or  rather  inattention  to  the  esbjeot.  0n  itbe  part  of  pa* 
roota  is  mainlj  induced  tUr#ngb  ignopaaeeofctbeirQal  eS^ota  o{ 
irregular  and  late  attendaate,  wbieb  sei^vee  to  j^nUiplj  the  diffi-, 
cultiee  of  tLc  teaclier. 

Parents,  probablji  bave  a  legal  right  to.8^ffar.  tbeir  dbijldrea  so 
to  attend  school  as  to.inflict  aposftiyef  injury^  upon  th,e  sohebl  and  ' 
every  other  child  attending  it,  but  they  have  »0i  maral  right  thus 
to  trespass  upon  the  privileges  of  others.    There   are  sometimes 
nnavoidable  causes  to  produce  in  a  slight  dogree,  the  evil   under  . 
consideration;  but  in  a  great  majority  of   cases  it   is  the  result  of  , 
censurable  carelessness  and  neglect  on  tke  partj  of  parents,  which  ^ 
would  not  exist  if  they  posccssed  sufficient  interest  in  the  education 
of  their  children.    Children.wbo  are  habitually  ir^^iolar  and  late 
attendants  upon  school  might  as  well  remain  at  home,,  for  they  can  . 
make  little  or  no  progress,  but  injure  that  of   otjhers.    A  parent 
may  plead  that  he  can  do  as  he  pleaaes  ,with  his  o;^n  chiMfQji  and  . 
that  he  has  a  right  to  wrong  them,  but  it  is  respeqti^uUy  ,snggesjl^  . 
that  he  has  no  right  to  wrong  the  children  of  his  neighborp. 

The  attention  of  school  officers  apd  all  friends  of  education  is 
respectfully  directed  to  this  subject.;  for  in  tjheir  own  district  and 
neighborhood  they  can  correct  this  evil,  by  remonstratinjg  T^itb 
their  friends  and  neighborS|  correcting  their  false  viewS)  arq^^ing ; . 
their  interest  in  education,  and  teaching  them  the  priceless  ralne 
of  the  education  of  their  oflFspripg, 

Labos  School  DisTiticrs.^-Anot^sr  relorra  necessary  to  be  io^. 
coipplished  for  the  improvement  of  schools,  is  t^  «voi4  extepdioi;  i 
indefinitely  in  a  town  tbe  namber  of  scbooji  distiiots.     District  » 
8c)iool#,  are  supported  solely  by  pioney  ammidly  apporti99ed.  tQ  the. 
district  and  by  direct,  taxation  upon  the  proper^  wi^tlMAJ^e  ^imitai 
of  the  district.    Small  districts  oafn  qontaii^  but  a  smaJl  uvnab^  oC  . 
children  upon  which  an  af  j^piftionment  is  based^  apdo^pseiitieut^  .. 


L 


tU0ittaK)AMl4)#p|ibIic  iMn^y  l-oceii'^dtby  «niidi  w  difaiiot  vAlt  Be 
proportlaiilitoiy  Bmiiill ;  tUeftmottntof  tafttabld  pro{>6rt^ii]|  tfaeSdil^' . 

trict  most  necesearilj  be  Bmall  and  of  course  tazatki^  iiidre«B^;<H^  j 
nremsftmofthedUtrktbeingithtis  v^y  Umited  tii«  in^tftoibie 
cdnodttKitjiEiits  of  miserable  sdhoolhonteB,  indifferent  teafehevs^ebirt' 
sessions,  and  a  want  of  the  appendages  and  aids  'to  learning'  thali  ^ 
shdnld  always  be  found  inf  soheol  bouses^  will  of  coarte  follow  AIs 
state  of  tMngs. 

.Bi^  tiie  evil'doesAotend  berre.    Where  taxation  is  thu^   j^et^ 
dered  higfa  as'ifcsnrely  mast  be  to  ndaintam  a  respectablotand  qbh^  . 
ftd  sehool,  a  B|nfit  of  oppeeition  to  hkyidg  a  school  is  etngendered^  - 
in  consequence  of  the  inordinate'  burden  imposed  upon   t^e   ttitt" 
payefrs.    It  js  sometimes  absolutely  necessary  for  ieeble  i^ool  : 
dkrtricts'tobe  fbrmed,  or  some  children  will  be  preyeiited^fr^di  al- 
tiding «oboot  on  aocmintof  distance  froth  school-house  or  tfat  f^^ 
ograpUy  ol  the  country ;  but  it  i«  questioiKible  whiether  tbeochMls' 
of  such  districts  pt6v{i  at'  all  benefficrial  to  the  cHildren  wiiose  mis- 
fortune it  ifl  to  attend  them. 

The  Wm4dyfbr'tUl&  evil  lies  entirely  witft  the  town-  supei^ 
te^i^t  except  as  an  occasional  appeal  reaches  this  office ;  and  be  ' 
'  caMot  be^oo'niindftil  of  the  great  good  or  evil  w!hich  it  is  in'  hSi' 
pdwrfrtd  bestow lipon fhe  c&use  of  education  in  the  diischarge  -of' 
hie  duty»  nor  be  too  cautious  in  the  exercise  of  that powier.  Selio^l 
dieftH'ct^  should  be  stiffidenfly  large  to  maihtain  a  gooid  school  at 
leirit^fliii^  months  in  eaeh  yea^  without  being  obliged^  to  reflW*  fc>  * 
boyd^ittofn^^taxatfon. 

Apfabaius. — ^A  farther  means  of  improving  the  acbools  is  by 
fiurnlshiD^  suitable  apparatvt  to  aid  the  teacbetr  i^  'bis  expjiana- 
tions  and  illustrations^  and  the  scholar  inmere  readily  and  folly 
comfirehending  the  subject  of  his  investigations*  ^^Ho  3chool.. 
room  can  be  considered  as  complete  which  ia  not  provided  with 
such  fixtures  and  means  of  visible  illustration,  as  will  aid  the 
teacher  in  cultivating  in  his  pupils,  habits  of  correct  observationi 
cdmfWMi  tmA  elMiificfltlofii'  attd  in  notLOAtg^^^ktkmMg^  i^iL 

5 


84 

A  blackboard  h  an  indUpensible  article  m  tverj  scIkmI  rocm^ 
and  should  alirajs  be  ioand  there^  do  good  teaobiogcan  beaoooii»- 
plUlied  wirhoutit.   . 

A  c  ock  IB  a  very  convenient  and  necessary  article  in  a  adiool 
room,  DiiM'king  the  lioor  of  opening  and  dosing  the  schooli  and  of 
each  recitation  during  the  day. 

The  cardinal  points  of  the  compass  may  be  painted  on  the  ceil* 
log  or  the  teacher's  platform,  and  will  be  of  mnch  service  in  the 
study  of  geography.  The  measare  of  an  inch,  foot,  yard,  &c.^ 
marked  <^  on  the  edge  of  the  blackboard,  will  give  a  correct  and 
visible  standard  of  distance.  Different  weights,  and  measures  of 
quantity  may  be  used  to  great  advantage  in  a  school.  Wherever 
gei>graphy  and  astronomy  are  taoght  there  is  a  necessity  for  a  ter- 
restial  and  celestial  globe,  an  orrery  and  tellurion.  Outline  mape 
are  a  great  aid  in  giving  instruction  in  geography.  A  numerical 
frsme,  g^metrical  forms  and  solids,  scale  and  triangle,  blocks  to 
illastjate  square  and  cube  root,  &c.,  will  be  found  useful  aids  to 
instroction. 

It  cannot  be  denied  that  if  schools  were  supplied  with  appara- 
tus comprising  a  list  of  articles  no  more  extensive  than  those  enn* 
merated,  it  would  ho  an  invaluable  aid  to  the  teacher  ia  enlisting 
the  attention  and  interest  of  the  class,  and  making  more  correct 
and  valuable  impressions  upon  the  youthful  mind. 

There  is  but  very  little  apparatus  found  in  any  of  the  soho&la, 
and  there  ia  need  that  the  attention  of  school  districts  should  bis 
directed  to  the  subject  The  sum  which  a  school  district  IsalloW'- 
ed  to  raise  annually  for  apparatus,  will  purchase  all  the  articles 
enumerated,  and  others  can  be  added  as  circnmstances  suggest,  or 
the  wants  of  the  district  require.  The  apparatus  of  a  school  ' 
should  of  course  be  selected  with  reference  to  the  studies  pursued ; 
as  the  wants  of  a  primary  department  would  be  entirely  differ- 
cut  in  this  respect,  from  a  school  of  a  higher  grade. 

UNION  SCHOOLS. 

Union  schools  have  been  the  subject  of  discussion  kteaeh  of 
tb^  reports  made  to  the  legialatttre  from  Ihia  ^epartnteui^  tad  I 


Z6 

bare  little  to  add  Iiere  upon  that  subject,  except  to  expreas  m/ 
fall  concarrence  in  the  views  therein  expressed. 

It  is  in  union  schools  alone  that  the  most  perfect  economy  aad 
the  most  profitable  expenditure  of  the  public  mone/  can  be  at* 
tiuned  ;  that  tlie  best  school  houses  can  be  provided,  including  all 
necesaarj  conveniences  and  appendages ;  that  suitable  maps  and 
apparatus  can  be  provided ;  that  the  pupils  can  be  properlj  claa* 
sifif  d  ;  the  best  order  and  discipline  can  be  maintained ;  the  time 
of  the  teacher  and  taught  most  profitably  employed  ;  tlie  services 
of  professional  teachers  obtained  ;  the  most  approved  system  of 
teaching  introduced ;  the  highest  proficiency  of  the  pupils  se- 
cured ;  and  the  deepest  and  most  contiaaei  interest  of  the  public 
manifested  in  the  prospeiity  of  the  schools. 

These,  without  enumerating  further,  seem  sufficient  reasons  for 
the  establishment  of  union  schools  wherever  practicable.  All 
these  advantages  are  gained  by  a  concentration  and  union  of 
means  and  influence.  It  is  not  proposed  to  abandon  the  dia* 
trict  system  to  establish  union  schools,  as  the  latter  are  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  a  large  graded  school,  having  two  or  three  de- 
partments, as  circumstances  may  require,  in  a  large  school  district, 
with  large  means,  and  a  large  number  of  scholars.  In  many  dis« 
irjcts  such  schools  cannot  now  be  established  ;^  but  in  populous 
sections,  villages  and  cities,  there  is  no  obstacle  to  prevent  their 
establishment  but  public  sentiment  Wherever  they  have  been 
established,  they  have  given  the  most  unqualified  satisfaction,  and 
there  is  no  desire  to  return  to  the  old  plan  of  small  schools,  and  of 
teacbing  all  ages  and  grades  of  proficiency,  by  one  teacher  in  a 
single  room. 

There  is  no  necessity  for  obtaining  a  special  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture to  organize  these  schools,  although  in  large  villages  or  citieSi 
it  may  be  better  to  increase  the  number  of  the  school  board,  and 
confer  upon  them  some  additional  powers  not  now  possessed  by 
dbtrict  officers.  A  better  supervision  of  the  schools  will  be  thus 
provided  for. 

Buit  in  My  populous  section  of  the  State,  let  two  or  more  school 


36 

districts  be  united  and  farmed  into  one  district^  and  the.  means  < 
and  interest  thus  united,  will  be  sufficient  to  maintain  a  good 
union  school.  The  main  objection  to  such  a  plan  usually  is,  that 
the  expense  of  such  a  school  will  be  much  greater  than  to  main- 
tdin  an  ordinary  district  sgbool.  This  is  trae ;  but  the  expense  is 
really  less  than  what  it  costs  to  maintain  the  separate  sthools 
before  the  consolidation  of  districts  was  effected,  and  there  is  a 
gain  of  a  far  better  school.  There  is  another  great  advantage 
derived  from  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  union  srfiools 
not  before  alluded  to,  which  apparently  overshadows  all  other 
considerations.  It  is  in  none  but  union  or  graded  schools  that  the 
services  of  professional* -*  achers  can  be  obtained,  because  the  com- 
pensation offered  in  small  districts  is  no  inducement  for  them  to 
offer  their  services  there,  when  they  can  realize  far  more  in  almost 
any  other  employment.  The  influence  then  of  these  graded 
Bohools,  is  not  limited  to  its  own  districts,  but  radiates  &r  and 
wide  in  everv  direction,  and  is  a  model  for  other  schools  and  other 
teachers. 

•^The  great  majority  of  the  teachers  in  the  state  must  be  educated 
and  prepared  to  discharge  their  duties,  in  the  schools  of  the  state; 
and  I  regard  these  union  schools  wherever  successfully  in  operation, 
as  BO  many  normal  schools,  from  which  annually  go  forth  well  dis- 
ciplined young  men  and  women  who  become  teachers,  and  who 
adopt  in  their  schools  the  same  approved  method  of  discipline 
and  instruction  th^t  they  have  learned  while  in  attendance  upon 
these  union  schools. 

Viewing  the  subject  in  this  light,  I  would  respectfully  suggest 
to  the  legislature  a  consideration  of  the  propriety  of  aiding  in  their 
establishment,  by  loaning  a  portion  of  the  principal  of  the  school 
fund,  to  aid  in  the  erection  of  suitable  buildings  for  such  schools. 

A  proposition  has  been  advocated  before  several  preceding  }eg* 
islatores,  to  loan  to  all  school  distriets  that  may  apply  therefor^ . 
such,  ^uii^Si  from  the  scMol  fund  as  will  ba  neqessary  to  ecect  &»> 
suitable  school  house  for  each  such  district  so  applying,  but  for 
v^nj  and  obvious.  reaaoQfi  .this  prc^>08itiou  has  naet  with^compftrm- 


37 

tlrefy  little  favor.   Bat  such  conditions  might  be  embodied  m  a  law, 

as  would  secure  tho  repayment  of  the  snm  loaned,  withont  tronW^, 

to  aid  in  erecting  union  school  edifices,  by*  proriding  tbat  withfti 

th%  limits  of  the  difelrict,  so  loaning  money  fi'om  the  school  funA, 

ttom  mast  be  a  given  ftmofDt  of  taxable  property  ibr  e^tk  hnu- 

€h^d6)lar9  received,  that  the  boandariesof  the  district  ahall  net 

be  ofannged  ^yhilo  any  portion  of  the  principal  remains  onpaMy 

mnd'tbe  annnal  payment  of  the  iBlorefit  on  the  sum  loabed  m^de 

.cevtaiti,  by  witiiboMing  ficom  snch  dlsttiot,  an  amonot  ot  «i<m^^ 

frdm  the  snm  annually  apportioned. to  it,  ei^nal  to  thb  amotSDt  of 

iiitorett  Ane,  if  it  remain  unpaid. 

This  pro;M»sitlon  may  be  regarded  as  local  in  lis  applioatibo,  but 
if  timete  is  any  truth  in  the  assevtion  tbatte»cher«  are  being  ednoa- 
ted  in  Hiese  union  sdhools,  possessing  far  better  qualifications  titm 
'the  minority  of  teachers,  It  becomes  a  cpiestioii  of  inteieat  to  all 
paste  of  the  stale  'whether  a  portion  of  the  school  ftand  princifisl 
'»ay  (not  properly  be  used  in  extending  these  schools. 

TXACUBBS'  ASSOCIATIONS     Ain>  INSTITUTSS.  ^ 

The  Teachers'  Association  of  Pond  du  Lac  county  met  at  Wau- 
pnn  on  the  second  day  of  November  last,  and  continued  in  sessioh 
during  six  days.  There  were  over  fifty  teachers  in  attendance, 
from  the  counties  of  Fond  du  Lac,  Dodge  and  "Winnebago. 

The  association  was  organized  as  an  institute,  and  the  exercisek 
during  the  day  consisted  in  drills  and  recitations  in  the  different 
l)ranches  of  common  school  education,  and  in  discussions  upon 
the  best  metbod  of  teaching.  The  evenings  were  devoted  to  lec- 
tures and  disciissions  upon  topics  of  educational  interest 

A  large  number  of  the  citizens  of  Waupun  were  in  attendanb6 
each  evening,  and  quite  a  number  during  tbe  morning  atid  after- 
noon sessions,  manifesting  much  interest  in  the  exercises.,  Somb 
of  them  gave  lectures  and  joined  in  the  discussions  of  the  even- 
ings. 

The  cause  of  popular  education  is  much  indebted  to  several  ixi* 
dividuala  who  nobly  came  ibrward  and  gave  their  liid  to  the  pro- 


as 

motioxk  of  the  objects  of  the  institnte  which  is  under  the  direoCbm 
of  able  and  efficient  managers.  The  occasion  was  one  of  the 
highest  interest  and  will  be  frQitful  of  good  resnlts,  at  least  to  the 
teachers  attending  and  the  schools  under  their  management 

I  cannot  forbear  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the  interest  aad 
enterprise  of  the  members  in  sustaining  semi-annual  meetings  oi 
the  association ;  it  is  alike  creditable  to  themselves  and  to  the  lo* 
ealities  they  represent;  and  has  a  Tisible  effect  in  elevating  the 
eharacter  of  the  common  schools  in  that  connty,  and  in  awakening 
the  people  to  life  on  the  subject  of  education.  Were  there  live 
associations  of  this  kind  in  every  county,  the  influence  thus  exer- 
cised in  behalf  of  popular  education,  would  be  paramount  to  all 
ether  means  yet  devised  in  the  State.  It  would  improve  the  meth- 
ods of  teaching,  have  the  effect  to  discard  the  mechanical  school 
'  exercises,  worthy  only  of  by -gone  days ;  and  make  the  school-room 
what  it  should  be,  a  fountain  of  learning,  where  pupils  are  taught 
to  think  and  reason,  to  understend  principles  as  well  as  rules; 
where  the  mind  is  developed,  tho  mental  capacity  enlarged,  in- 
stead of  being  blunted  and  contracted  by  exercises  which  serve 
only  to  myetity  the  studies  they  are  vainly  endeavoring  to  master; 
where  the  exercises  are  intellectual  and  calculated  to  inspire  love 
instead  of  disgust  for  study.  Teaching  is  a  profession  with  some, 
and  it  is  a  noble  and  honorable  ouc.  To  be  a  good  teacher  re- 
quires all  the  learning,  ekill  and  ability  that  is  neceesaiy  to  insure 
success  in  any  other  profession,  indeed  more.  But  it  is  useless  to 
talk  of  so  extending  the  numbers  ot  this  profession,  that  all  of 
our  common  schools  or  even  a  majority  of  them  will  be  favored 
with  the  services  of  professional  teachers,  during  the  present  gen- 
eration, at  least 

It  is  a  pleasant  theme  to  discourse  upon,  and  '^  a  consummation 
most  devoutly  to  be  wished,"  but  we  have  no  better  assurauce  that 
we  shall  succeed  in  accomplishing  in  this  State  what  has  not  yet 
been  done  in  other  and  older  States,  after  years  of  triaL — 
There  are  insurmountable  obstacles  to  prevent  it  Teachers,  like 
other  persons,  are  not  above  pecuniary  considerations!,  and  as  long 


80 

as  eft«r  prcrfeflrfoM  ud  otkeir  oeeuimlfoDS  olfer  Ikr  greater  p#e«a- 
laiy  retams  for  talent  and  ability,  for  serrices  rendered,  it  caanot- 
be  eipeetad  tkat  tbe  profesekm  of  teaehing  will  be  oreratooked. 
£at  A  tmall  anmber  of  penooa  follow  teaching  beyond  two  br 
throe  jean»  and  for  Ihia  time  only  as  a  means  of  aiding  tbem  !» 
some  otiior  undertaking  already  in  view.  They  go  to  teaobing 
not  as  a  bosiness  or  profession,  which  they  intend  to  follow  tbrongk 
life,  but  as  a  temporary  ocoapation  indaeed  by  temporal?  pirenm* 
ataneea. 

Ab  then,  no  arrangements  that  can  be  made  will,  for  years  ta 
eomoy  accomplish  the  result  of  placing  well  edacated  and  oompa- 
tent  piofession<J  teachers  in  all  the  schools ;  it  follows,  that  tam- 
poiary  teachers,  those  who  teach  jnst  long  enough  to  have  an  idea 
of  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  their  employment,  are  to  be 
the  iostractors  of  the  great  mass  of  the  youth  of  the  State. 

This  is  a  solemn  fact,  and  cannot  be  controTorted.  The  qaes* 
tioo  then  arises,  what,  if  anything,  shall  be  done  m  preparing 
these  temporary  teachers  for  a  respectable  discharge  of  their  dn- 
ties  1  Has  not  the  State  a  deep  interest  in  the  matter  ?  and  can  it 
not  by  provision  of  law,  and  a  small  appropriation  of  its  fnnds  aid 
in  elevating  the  standard  of  teaching f 

In  every  State  and  in  every  connty  whei^  these  institutes  have 
beeniield,  the  people  bear  ample  testimony  of  the  great  good  flow- 
ing from  them.  Itlierefure  xespectfully  repeat  to  the  legi^lattiie 
the  recommendation  heretofore  made,  that  an  appropriation  be 
made  and  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  State  Snperintendenf,  to 
defray  necessary  ej^penaes  to  bo  incurred  in  organising  and  hold- 
ing sach  institutes,  in  as  many  of  the  counties  as  may  be  Ihoa^t 
practicable. 

HOBIIAL  SCHOOLS. 

The  law  providing  for  the  organization  of  the  "University  pf 
WisconsiD,"  declares  that  it  shall  consist  of  four  departments : 

1.  Tlie  department  of  science,  literature  and  the  arts ; 

2.  The  department  of  law ; 

3.  The  department  of  medicine ; 


.  40 

:    Ui»  wlf  cUiriDg.the.pMt  Feiu*.tJbAt a.cMpipteta>(>r^amMlxoa  of 

ft|lijtA<MPiiof  ibe  Umv«jriatjr.Ii^.iiQt.i«si»utted  'SiDOtewiiul  advonae 
.;  toiTftpAB  its  £ull  egj^ablidhfiawity  (aqctardibg  ;to  itl>0  ittkeiBt  ud  le^oimEe- 

of  the  EegentB  of  the  University,  as  the  departments  of  la^  and 
f^m^di^i^ '1^113  secondary^  imputtlang^ito  iif.  and  tboir  porganusUion 
W[Hl  HQQOflMrilyibe  dfifeired  .until  tlieilQ  sballbe  euebi  as  ioc^eaae  o 
Ibo  liuid,>7  the  sales  of  lliJid)^  and  a  consaqDetit  iD<H?easa  of  in- 
.40me»  4hat  the  luklter  wjl^uppprt  tk«  inabitatkai  ccHiiplete  in  all 
jtayavte. 

By  aa.act  of  Gongresi  of  the  praaent  aeesioi),  savonty-'tmro  sec- 
■tie^B  of  land,  .Krhieh  were  originally  granted  to  the  State,  on  its 
,.llto4wM»Q"ii^to  tlve  UnioDi  as  saU^e  Iwds^  bare  been  added  to^the 
iKpemd;  preTiously  griuited  by  the  geaeral  goTernment,  for  4he 
mpp<>i^of  the  Umreislty,  Ihis  additiotial  eadowmetiit  will  so 
^iflcreaa6  the. fond,  ultimately,  that  the  plan  of  the  Eeg^nts,  aod 
ihe  pride  of  our'citizens,  will  be  realised  i«|inaking  the  ^'  Uiuyier- 
>fH]r  of  Wisoonsin/'  the  first  literary  institution  in  the  oouutry. 

Bnt  its  present  available  means  will  not  allow  it  to  attempt  the 
erganiaMion  of  any  ptfaer  fdepartmeBt,  and  itn  means  in  prospect 
•will  not  b|e  available  for  that  purpose  within  three  years,  at  leaat, 
^Ms^that  theve  if  {no  probability  of  the  opezringof  the  Nortnal  ^e* 
^Mfftment  within  ^tihat  ^ime^  by  the  Kegents,  without  some  aid  fii>m 
110  Slate. 

There  seems  no  necessity  for  commenting  upon  the  great  good 
which  a  snccessfally  coudu^tod  Normal  school  will  have  upon  the 
eommon  schools  of  the^State.  Wherever  tried  ihey  have  pi^yen 
Iheir  usefulness  and  received  t^e  approbation  of  all  fiends  ^f 
education.  Kew  York  has  one  {which  has  been  in  operation  for 
eight  years,  supported  by  appropriations  from  thegenernl  fond^aud 
the  liffge  number  of  teachers  who  have  gone  forth  from  it  t^  t^ach 

4 


'»1 
^:^tM>yaA^ .  q£  tbe^  St%t0>  ^  ^^ .  tUyipg^wampit^  .of.  i^  g^d  works. 

p^ed  4fc  t^  ,4X£9Qse  oi  i^Ck  ^f^pectiye  St#tee ;  and  no  o<]^ai<)etii- 
,^]QA.i!Of  Id  i^n^oe  tbi)Be  S0t^s.^  abw^on  so  sncQe^fial  a  plan  :(i^r 
providing  their  schools  with  good  teachers. 

^»  JEtAB  fnslt;^!^]!]^  rdoomiuisn'dedto'tbe  kgislatoio  thatsach  ap- 
<p«(qpil»tions  be  ananallj  maiete-.irom  the  inoome  of  the  sehodlfimd 
i4i9  nvill.be  jsufiibient  to  ^eoure'the  searviees  of  a  competent  I^oraal 
.jgiKO^i8or,iaqd.  defray  alI{)ropei!!eKpeiis^iii€!deDt  to  the  foil  estab- 
«iiioliiBeiit  «id  sucoeasfnl  operation  of  this  department,  nirtil 
^^Mofajliiiie  tts  k  isbaU- appear  thjit  tba  income  of  the  ncive^y 
hopA^  osolnsrreiDf  the-  sttpport  of  the  'law  and  mediolil  depaA- 
Hients,  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  purpose. 

^e  BoaM  of  Regents  of  the  University  adopted  an  ordinance 
iff  1849,  .providing  for  the  organization  of  the  department  of  the 
'**13ieory  and  Practice  of  Elementary  Instruction,"  constituting 
the  GSiancellor  and  a  Normal  Professor  to  be  chosen  by  the  Re- 
gerits,  the  Faculty,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  iiold  annual  ses- 
'»iOB8  of  at  least  five  months,  for  the  instruction  of  the  Teachers' 
Glass,  composed  of  sucli  young  men  as  may  avail  themselves  off 
Its  advantages  with  a  view  to  the  business  of  instruction  in  o<mL- 
mon  sclwols.  'The  members  of  the  Teaclaers'  Olass  or  Normal  de- 
partment to  be  members  of  the  University,  entitled  to  its  privi- 
leges, and  amenable  to  its  discipline,  having  free  access  to  the 
lectures  of  the  other  professors,  the  use  of  the  library  and  appara- 
tus on  the  same  conditions  as  mjsmbers  of  the  regular  classes.  The 
pupils  of  the  Normal  Department  wIM  be  entitled  to  the  Instrtic- 
tJen  of  the^ University  wi^A^  tfA<irj'^/  and  to  this  end  It  is  made 
Khe'tttrty  of  the  Chancellor  to  admit  to  this  department "  any  young 
iMQ  6f' suitable  age  and  unexceptionable  character,  who  sfasdl 
poreaent-the  certificate  of  die  Treasurer  that  he  has  executed  faia 
written  obligations  to  pay  the  usual  fee  of  tuition,  conditioned  "to 
be  void  !n  case  he  shall  bav^e  b^an  ex(gi(gQd  in  instruction  two 
years  withi;Q  the  four  ncizt  succeeding  tbe  period  of  his  /Qonnection 
'with  the  University." 

Q 


'^  At  the  close  of  the  cotinie^  the  membera  of  flie  Teachers^  OfMi 
•hall,  if  approved  on  examination,  have  a  part  in  the  ezereiset  of 
the  commencement,  shall  be  admitted  to  the  appropriate  degree 
in  the  art  of  teaching,  and  receiye  a  diploma  from  the  haiidi  of 

the  Chancellor.'' 

It  18  the  intention  of  the  law  of  the  atate  providing  for  a  Kor^ 
mal  department  in  the  University,  and  of  the  Board  of  Begenli 
acting  under  that  law,  that  it  shonld  be  organised  and  opened  Ibr 
the  reception  of  teachers ;  but  when!  That  is  tne  important  petal 
We  ehall  never  hereafter  need  its  good  lervices  so  mnch  as  aow^ 
in  providing  the  schools  with  good  teachers,  and  now  is  the  tine 
for  that  Normal  department  to  exist  otherwise  than  npoQ  pqMr» 
It  has  thus  slumbered  long  enough. 

The  second  dormitory  building  will  be  completed  in  Jane  next, 
when  there  will  be  ample  room  in  the  University  buildings  for  the 
use  of  this  department.  It  will  be  perceived  that  the  design  of 
the  Normal  department  is  not  to  give  elementary  instraction  to  its 
members,  or  to  educate  them  in  the  branches  usually  taaght  in 
our  common  schools,  but  to  teach  them  the  theory  and  practice  of 
elementary  iustruction,  or  in  other  words,  the  best  modes  of  teadi- 
ing,  government  and  discipline  of  our  common  schools,  and  to  give 
instruction  upon  all  subjects  pertaining  to  the  duties  of  a  teacher. 

The  ordinance  of  the  Regents,  providing  for  the  organizatioa  of 
the  Normal  department,  is  well  conceived  and  suited  to  the  pur- 
pose. It  would  seem  proper,  however,  that  young  ladies  should 
be  admitted  as  well  as  young  men,  as  a  minority  of  the  teachers 
in  our  common  schools  are  young  ladies. 

'^The  instructions  and  honors  of  the  institution  being  thus  gra- 
tuitously tendered,  we  may  reasonably  expect  thi^t  the  Normal  de- 
partment will  be  crowded  with  pupils  as  soon  as  it  shall  be.  orgfujL- 
ked ;  and,  with  the  aid  of  teachers'  institutes,  a  new  impulse  gijreA 
to  the  cause  of  popular  edncation  in  the  state." 

KOir-ATr&KDAKOK  AT  SCHOOL. 

From  the  official  reports  made  to  this  department,  it  appears,  as 
heretofore  stated,  that  the  total  number  of  children  residing  Sa 


r 


48 

the  ikate,  or  in  the  towns  reportiagy  is  one  haiidred  and  Itf^fiTe 
thousand  one  hundred  and  twentj-iive,  over  fonr  and  nnder  twe&« 
tj  jtaiB  of  age.  Of  this  number  one  hundred  and  one  tbousand 
Sve  hundred  and  eighty  have  attended  school  during  the  year* 
tbeiebj  showing  that  fiffcj-three  thoosand  ft^e  hundred  and  for^- 
fi^e  ehildren,  considered  of  requisite  age,  hare  not  been  the  di- 
rect recipients  of  any  benefits  derivable  from  our  free  school  sj*^ 
tern.  To  embrace  within  this  estimate  the  number  attending  schodi 
in  thirty-seTen  towA  not  reporting  upon  this  subject,  and  assum- 
ing that  the  ratio  of  attendance  is  the  same  as  in  the  towns  re- 
ported, the  number  of  children  of  school  age,  who  have  not  air- 
tended  the  common  schools  is  reduced  to  forty-three  thousand  fcur 
hundred  and  forty  three.  Assuming  that  there  are  five  thousand 
children  in  attendance  upon  select  and  incorporated  schools  within 
the  state,  and  that  five  thousand  more  from  sixteen  to  twenty 
years  of  age,  have  received  a  partial  education  and  are  engaged  in 
some  legitimate  pursuits,  and  we  still  have  left  over  thirty-three 
thousand  children  who  ought  to  be,  but  are  not,  pupils  in  our 
common  echools, — over  twenty-one  per  cent.,  or  one  fifth  of  the 
total  number  of  children  in  the  state. 

When  we  consider  that  the  public  schools  of  the  State  are  en* 
tirely  free  from  tuition  or  any  other  charge,  and  that  the  children 
^  the  poorest  and  humblest  as  well  as  the  richest  and  most  dis- 
tinguished, have  a  legal  and  oonstitutional  right  toreceive  Instrae* 
tion  at  these  schools,  it  becomes  a  matter  of  the  highest  impcnpt- 
snce  to  ascertain  what  are  the  causes  at  work  inducing  this  large 
Hon  attendance,  and  to  apply  the  appropriate  remedy.  Were  outs 
not  a  free  school  system,  the  most  natural  and  charitable  ooncla- 
sioQ  would  be  tfaae  the  number  is  mainly  composed  of  those  wheae 
psi^snts  are  unable  to  provide  the  means  necessary  for  their  atten- 
dance; but  as  this  difficnity  has  been  obviated  by  the  enlightened 
policy  of  our  State,  in  ^'taxing  the  property  of  aU  to  educate  the 
children  of  all|"  we  are  to  seek  for  other  causes,  which  at  e  in  a 
measiure  operating  to  partially  defeat  the  very  mission  of  good, 
which  this  school  system  was  designed  to  fulfill 


"  *A  large  portion  of  these  cbiMren  ^are  withheld  from  *  school  on 
account  6f  the  carelossnegs  and  infdifference  of  parents  in  attend- 
'Irig  to  the  moral  and  intellectual  wants  of  their  offiipring;  soaie 
» =6n  account  of  sparse  popiilation  In  isolated  locations,  and  the 
^conseqnent'want  of  means  to  make  the  ncce*?sary  provisions  for 
'iuirtaiimng  schools  for  their  children. 

I   '  Of  this  latter  class  the.  State  hasljttleto  fear,  as  time  will 

jeroedy  the  evil,  tut  of  the  former  the  nunjhtr  is  sufficiently  large 

*  to  njerit  the  attention  of  all  friends  of  education,  and  of  the  good 

.character  of  the  State,  in  devising  ways  and  means  of  bringiiig 

within  the  influqnce  of  moral  and  intellectual  training,  this  vast 

,  army  of  yo«th  who  will  otherwise  grow  up  in  ignorance  and  vice, 
aud  carry  woe,  poverty,  crime  and  expense  to  communities  which 
may  have  made  adeq^uate  provision  for  the  education  of  all  the 
children  within  their  own  limits.  This  evil,  for  such  I  term  it,  is 
not  confined  to  the  cities  and  larger  towns,  but  is  spread  out  over 
the  whole  State,  and  calls  loudly  for  a  vigorous  public  sentimenii, 
that  shall  judge  with  severity  and  yet  witli  justice,  the  conduct  of 
any  parent  or  guardian  who  shall,  without  sufficient  cause,  fail  to 
•ecure  the  attendance  of  their  children  and  wards,  U]  on  the 
ftchodls  provided  for  them. 

This  evjU  has  existed  aad  doos  now  exi^t^  ia^very  other  SUte, 
«wd  to  an  extent  as  ^great  «a  in  this,  aftd  has  been  the  oauae  of  ^ml 
•HMetmefit^  in  one  Btikte^at  least,  imposing  penalties  upon  parents 
)Vbo  flball  SQglect'lo  ed«cale  their  childrea ;  acting  upon  the  piin- 
hmfit  jUmt  it  is;  the  4aty  of  the  state  to  pmush  crime  and  endeavor  to 
•ffftform  the  criminiil,  so  has  the  state  an  eqwd  right  and  datj  to 
'jftribrm  to  preveat  crime,  by  reqnirieg  snob  mosal  and  ioteUM- 
itoal  tmmiog  to  be  given 'to  the  youfli  as  will  place  them  'Hbeve 
iibe  temptatico,  or  the  wmngly  coia/^eivod  neceasitiy  of  violati^tg 

Legislation  is  not  thought  a  snitiable  means  ftt  present  6t  seatt^ 
ling  the  attendance  of  such  children  upon  our  public  schools — 
public  sentiment  would  not  favor  coercive  measures ;  but  as  ohr 


Bc)|iO0l  ^jftofu,  16  inteojded  tp  embrace:  \ritbi&  iU  injO^eocs  and  . 
teacliix^^all  the  childi:^!!.  of  the  Bto(;o^  of  i^iool  agq^  tltievsy^tefa  . 
faiieia  acc^mplisbingiita  misaion  in  so  far  as  there  is  arfailare  tq  ^ 
eocQmpass  within  ita  relations  any  portion  of  the  7011th  of  the  state.,. . 

Kbii'&ttendatits  upon  our  public  schocJs,  which-'  t^e  stett^  ha^ ' 
iuMtito  fbar,  are  tho  chitdred  of  tbe'poor,  th^agnoranty  the  MfflV- 1 
gent ;  even  these  may  be  reached  by  the  efficient  ftervices  ofechort  . 
officers,  and  of  philanthropic  and  intelligent  persons  who  mgnife^t 
an  interest  in  the  educational. character  of  the  state,  and  who  hav^e  ^ 
sympathies  for  the  children  of  poverty,  crime  and  negligence. 
TRere  are.  the  children  of  the  recklesaand  the  vicious,  whose  na- 
tures have  become  so  debased,  that  they  are  willing  to  abandon  ' 
their  ojOTspring  to  the  chance  education  of  the  streets,  or  the  de-  . 
moralizing  training  of  their  own  criminal  and  vicious  .practices* 
There  is  need  jot  of  greater  exertions  to  accomplish  the  training  . 
of  such  children   "  in  the  way  they  should  go." 

There  is  efficacy  and  po^er  ia  pijiblie;  sentiment,  and  when 
properly  directed  will  accomplish  what  laws  cannot,  and  were  it 
oMe^dMfaklefnefl  and  ^xpfie6«ed-ik{6i«h)CommfmnUy  i]|>«b  tU  siiB- 
jeot>uttder.  eousidoration)  tine^mtet  liat>p7'<^ffects^oiild  bexeaKflaii  • 
Pacdatft sboidd  bdimadeto  knowand  f^l'fthai  they  caatlayianf 
cVli|0»t^ia  ju&t  treatment  of  their  dlildren,  to  reapeetebility  ieiva^f 
^UdUafeyar^  negleol^itg  to  perforiti)theirfir«ft>«nd  IIl<^8ttsaoMl(' 
daty,  tber.edtication  of  tli^iir  childi^w.  r 

WKBMca's  mo^ioliAitT; 

Pairing  tbchxst  seeeion  ^f  the  leg^laturea  bill' wa&^mtrodiMe^r 
a»d  parsed  '^he  Assemblyiand  reached  ita  thvd  raading^B  tHe  Setm  • 
atef  aiiiborizing i^parchase by  tfa«.Sta(&  of  a vSoffii^iQa/k .BWtibw') 
o^fcopea  of  ^'Webffter'a  UnabiJdged  Oiotiosai^  (<>f  the''Eog]j4)f^, 
I<Aog^aig«)"  to  fivnishra  copy  toieaob«onioH9t;sDb(Kd(ittrtbd  Staf^ 
Tbabpobs  to  bq  pai4  foroiUiofrtli^JUbfaify  tpaocgf*  of  (the^iffei^ 
tovnfrlgr  retaining  latl^aStat^tir^ViRr^  H  ^nffi^teiit  sUm</roaiifli<io 


amount  of  tie  school  facd  income  apportioned  to  each  towa,  to 
pay  for  the  copies  so  famished.  Such  a  measure,  it  is  believed, 
wonid  resnit  in  great  good  to  the  schools  of  the  State*  It  furnish* 
es  the  teacher  with  an  invalaable  work  of  reference,  one  which 
cannot  well  be  dispensed  with,  and  aids  him  in  securing  oa  the 
part  of  his  pupils,  a  proper  use  of  words,  and  a  correct  orthogra- 
phy and  pronunciation. 

Should  the  work  thus  be  introduced  into  the  schools,  its  effect 
will  be  to  make  it  the  standard  Dictionary  of  the  English  Lan- 
guf^e,  so  far  at  least,  as  the  schools  are  concerned,  and  ultintatelj 
it  will  be  so  reco£;niezd  bj  all.  It  will  aid  in  discarding  the  many 
provincialisms  in  use,  and  prevent  corruptions  of  the  language  al  • 
ways  incident  to  a  State  comprising  citizens  representing  different 
nations  and  tongues.  The  attention  of  the  legislature  is  respect- 
fully directed  to  this  subject 

mSTBIOr  LIBBABIia. 

Seetioo  seventy-fourof  the  school  law  provides  that  *^£aok  tows 
Superintendent  may,  in  his  discretion,  set  apart  a  sum;  not  o»> 
ceeding  ten  per  cent,  of  the  gross  amount  of  the  school  money 
dpporticMied  to  any  school  district,  which  shall  be  applied  by  such 
diatriet  to  the  purchase  of  school  district  libraries,  which  shall  be 
the  property  of  such  district,"  Ac.  The  amount  of  school  money 
to  be  apportioned  by  the  town  Superintendents  to  the  school  dis* 
tricts,  is  now  so  ample  that  at  least  ten  per  cent,  in  all  cases, 
should  be  set  apart  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  school  district 
libraries.  Oreat  importance  is  attached  to  them  as  a  powerful 
amtttary  in  the  promotion  of  popular  education ;  yet  it  appear* 
that  there  are  not  over  eight  hundred  and  seventy  five  in  the  whole 
State,  eomprising  fourtei^n  thousand  volumes.  There  are  hnndredi 
and  thousande  oi  children  in  ihe  State  that  have  no  opporttinitiee 
of  reading,  outside  of  their  school  books,  and  with  little  prospect 
of  Hhmr  condition  being  improved  in  this  respect,  unless  throu^ 


4T 

ike  mdinm  of  diatriol  libraries*  Too  little  importenee  it  attacliod 
to  tint  subject  generallj.  The  effect  of  a  well  selected  libraij'i 
tlMHigb  it  may  be  small,  is  not  limited  to  ohilclren  of  school  a|;e| 
bat  reaches  the  older  classes  of  the  commaQities  where  they  faaire 
bsen  established. 

Of  New  York  it  has  truthfully  been  remarked  that,  ^^In  neigh- 
borhoods where  books  were  a  luxury  rarely  enjoyed,  and  where 
intelligence  was  at  a  verj  low  ebb,  the  establishment  of  a  school 
district  library  has  in  a  few  years,  created  a  taste  for  reading,  and, 
nltimatelj,  changed  entirely  the  intellectnal  character  of  the 
whole  community .''  Books  should  be  found  in  district  libraries 
suitable  for  yonng  children,  for  the  older  class  of  scholars,  and 
for  mature  minds;  and  of  such  a  character  as  will  please,  as  well 
as  iostruct^  and  should  be  founts  from  which  youthful  minds  maj 
draw  information  that  will  be  of  service  to  them  in  all  after  life. 

The  attention  of  the  legislature  is  respectfully  directed  to  the 
propriety  of  amending  the  section  referred  to  so  that  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  town  Superintendent  to  set  apart  ten  per  cent  of 
the  school  money  due  each  district,  for  the  purchase  of  a  library. 

In  consequence  of  ill  health  during  several  weeks  of  the  time 
which  I  had  designed  to  employ  in  traveling  through  the  various 
counties,  I  have  not  visited  as  many  schools,  nor  held  that  personal 
communication  with  teachers  and  friends  of  education,  which  I 
desired.  To  visit  every  county  in  the  State  annually,  and  remain 
sufficiently  long  to  examine  one-tenth  of  the  schools,  would  re- 
quire all  the  time  of  one  man ;  and  to  make  a  hurried  tour  through 
the  State  would  amount  to  nothing  more  than  a  pleasing  fiction. 
I  have  universally  found  it  to  be  true,  that  where  the  people  are 
interested  in  schools,  they  always  have  good  ones ;  it  is  a  legiti- 
mate result  that  where  there  is  indifference  manifested  on  the 
sobject,  they  have  but  indifferent  schools,  and  that  where  there 
are  contentions  in  the  districts,  apathy  on  the  subject  of  schooUy 
or  a  want  of  harmonious  action  on  the  part  of  the  people,  the  con- 
dition of  the  school  will  be  like  that  of  the  district. 


45> 

Iborc  is  need'  that  tUe 'people  -flfieBUL' W  toore  ttnmfugk^ 
awdcenednpoQ' the  subject  of  ediBcation,aafl'wlKen.the7;tfe  made 
full  J  to  realize  and  peffovrii  !their  duty*  to  themselves,  their  dril* 
dreo,  and  posterity^  the  most  axdelit  hope  of  afi  philtuBthropistir  ' 

will  be  realized  in  witnessing  the  grcattest  efficieacy  of  "otrfftee  ' 

school  SJStOTIK  >  ^^ 

H.  A.  WRl&HT,    . 

State  Sup4drmten<Ient 


APPENDIX. 


80 


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68 


MBJ» 

PLANS  FOR  SCfiOOL  HOUSES. 

Nal. 

n#  ifellowisg  plan  for  a  district  school  room  originatty  appwrsd 
in  tkeB»eoDd  Tekme  of  the  "Ohio  School  Journal,''  edited  by  T>t. 
Lofe^f  Sdperintetid&nt  of  the  common  schools  of  OelnmT>n%  Ohio. 
It  wift  be  fonnd  weU  adapted  totibo  accommodation  of  a-  adool 
nnlnbaitiiig  not  over  fifty  ptipils. 


tthe biffltog hofo presented AonM  be  SAbyM  ftafc  eia  Ao 
gr^mid,  at  at  least,  2&  by  &S  ^t  inside.  Ihe  pljaa  is  draim  «  a 
letfe  of  tiBii  Is^t  to  the  inch. 

A  O— laftries^  ft  feet  square,,  one  fbr  e*ch  Ma^ 

ft— laimry  aftd  apparatus  r<kim,  S  by  9  leet^  i^hUU  tm^  te 
i«Md  to  4iie«llaliea  loea  fof  flftdi  flksidi  elasMi. 


^.    M 


i9 

T— Teacher's  platform,  13  by  6  feet,  eigbt  inches  hi|;h,  supplied 
with  a  table  where  he  can  place  his  boolcs  of  reference,  Ac,  and 
all  apparatus  while  nsed  in  teaching  a  class.  Behind  this  platform, 
OH  the  wall,  should  be  a  blackboard  13  feet  long  hj  4  wide, 

DDDD — Inside  and  outside  doors. 

HE  E  E — Becitation  seats ;  those  on  the  sides  fixed  against  tha 
wall,  those  in  front  of  the  plattbrm  having  backs  and  being  moYi^ 

TV  ^^— Tree  space  at  least  two  feet  wide,  next  the  waU  on  thre^ 
lldes  of  the  room. 

€^— Desk  for  two  pupils,  four  feet  long  by  18  inohes  wide. 

tt— Seat  for  two  pupils,  four  feet  long  by  13  inches  wide. 

[Hie  letters  0  and  H  are  not  represented  in  the  cut,  bmk  tb^ 
white  parallelognims  represent  the  seats  and  these  with  dark  lisei 
Mest(M  thenf,  are  the  desks.]  The  seats  should  be  so  arranged  that 
Die  pupils  will  sit  facing  the  teacher  when  in  his  chair  on  the  pla^ 

1 — Centre  aisle,  two  feet  wide,  with  one  aisle  on  each  side  of 
lame  width. 

Die  area,  on  either  side  and  in  front  of  the  teacher's  ptatfonBiJa 
kt^ttded  fbr  any  class  exercises  in  which  the  pupils  stand}  and 
{he«paeb  next  the  wall  may  be  used  to  arrange  the  ^  greater  park 
of  the  school  as  one  class  in  any  general  exercise  requiring  it 

Tour  window^  are  represented  on  each  side  of  t^a  hgiM^  $»4 
tw^  dn  the  end  opposite  the  teaeher'a  stand.  Tbs  doer  of  AbH/^ 
hnrj  room  opens  tvom  one  of  the  entriea,  and  the  reoa^  ii  U^blbeA 
\j  a  window  in  thci  froot  end  of  the  house.  Ibe  wi&dlawli'SlkMM 
k  fimuriied  with  outside  or  inside  blinds— 'the  ]atler  are  pvofenK 
Uc    If  these  are  deemed  too  coetly,t  cmrtalDa  shanU  be  'fjMvidsdb 

Hie  teacher's  platform  should  be  furnished  with  e  tliUe  inl 
dudr,  for  the  use  of  the  teacher.  Ohairs  should  also  be  provided 
ht  the  aecommodation  of  persons  yisiting  the  school. 

Ihe  store  for  warming  the  room  may  be  placed  in  front  of  the 
iiadier'e  platform,  between  the  movable  seats  and  the  front  deska^ 
flsd  the  pipe  should  be  carried  acrosa  the  room  to  a  chimney  or 


60 

flue  rnnning  up  between  the  two  windows  in  the  hack  end  of  the 
room. 

A  ventilating  flue  should  also  be  constructed  adjoining  the 
smoke  flue  and  communicating  with  it  before  it  reaches  the  root 
The  heat  from  the  smoke  flue  will  rarify  the  air  in  the  ventilating 
flue,  materially  accelerating  the  escape  of  the  foul  air  from  the 
school  room,  and  the  smoke  and  vitiated  air  will  both  escape  from 
the  same  chimney  above  the  roof.  This  ventilating  flue  should  be 
brought  down  to  the  floor  ot  the  school  room,  and  be  at  least  one 
foot  square,  with  one  opening  in  it  near  the  floor  andanother  near 
the  ceiliDg,  each  so  arranged  that  they  can  be  kept  open  or  closed 
as  circumstances  may  require.  The  upper  sash  of  the  windows 
should  be  so  arranged  that  they  can  be  lowered. 

Fresh  air  may  be  supplied  by  an  opening  in  the  floor  under  the 
stove,  supplied  with  a  tube  leading  beneath  the  floor  through  the 
outside  wall  of  the  building.  This  mode  of  admitting  air  Is  pro* 
ferable  to  opening  a  door  or  window,  as  no  pupil  will  be  exposed 
to  a  current  of  cold  air  rushing  into  the  room ;  for  the  air  admit- 
ted through  the  tube  beneath  the  stove  comes  directly  in  contect 
with  the  hot  air  about  the  stove  and  thus  becomes  warm  before  it 
circulates  through  the  room.  This  air  tube  should  have  a  regis- 
ter which  may  be  opened  or  closed  at  pleasure. 

The  ceiling  of  a  school  room  of  the  above  size  should  be  twelve 
iMt  high,  so  as  to  allow  about  175  cubic  feet  of  air  to  each  pupil 
.snpposi&g  the  school  to  number  fifty. 

Ab  this  plan  is  designed  for  the  accommodation  of  a  school  com- 
posed of  scholars  varying  in  age  from  four  to  twenty  years,  it  niust 
BOt  be  forgotten  that  the  seats  and  desks  must  be  of  diflerentheiglit 
and  width,  and  so  constructed  that  both  old  and  young  may  sit 
and  use  their  desks  at  ease. 


61 


Beatt,  of  at  least  four  differoat  ttim^qaionsi  should  be  provided 
in  ereiy  school  room  composed  of  scholan  of  all  ages,  as  abore 
mendoiied,  as  sho^vm  in  the  /ollowing  scale  : 


HaigUiof  9«t. 

HtigU  of  Dmk. 

Width  of  Swt. 

Width  of  Doik. 

10  inches. 
12      « 
14      « 
17      " 

17  inches. 
19      •• 
23      « 
26      « 

10  inches. 

11  «• 

12  " 
18      " 

12  in^es. 
18      " 
16      " 
18      » 

T«p  cif  D«k. 


figure  3. 
Seeti^n  of  Sett  «id  0m1l 


Fignijift  1|  represents  one  half  of  l!he  top  of  a  desk,  the  tipper 
portion  of  irhidi,  except  three  inches  of  the  most  distant,  slopes 
one  inclr  in  a  foot.  The  edge  of  the  desk  is  in  4ie  same  perpendi- 
cular life  as  the  £ront  of  the  seat  The  npper  or  back  portion  of 
the  desk;  has  a  grfore  (a)  runpidg  along  the  lipe  of  the  slope,  to 
prerent  pencils  or  other  articles  from  rolling  o^;  an  opeiiing  (S,) 
back  of  the  groove,  to  receive  a  slate ;  and  an  opening  (e,)  to  re- 
ceive ai^  inkstand*  There  should  be  a  shelf  beaeath  the  4esk^  for 
booksy  wc^as  represented 'by  ' 

a-IVirnAi.  'Tfaas  afa»  i^^reMUs  the  prepM"  hieHnatlbii  ef  the 
itfa^i4iliKk^i*idlii0tDpof  Iheded:.        -  * 


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^B 
B  B 
BB 


:3     c 


Gil:-:: 


=-^  nMji>  .  iini   1,1  ^fss9tSfmS^^9Smr9f^immmmmm;m 


V-1 r- 


» 


=;w: 


Mil  hiii'iii  III  ]|ii 


■n'.  ■» 


the  same  floor.  It  is  drawA  Mt'l^  i0$lil  of  rUMHteUk  9^ jM  i«c^^ 
Ibe  foot  The  building  is  46  by  311  ieet  outside.  There  are  two 
doors  iQ  the  front  end  opening  into  the  entries  £  E,  which  com- 
municate with  the  school  room. 

R— Boom  for  small  scholars,  18  by  ISifeet,  lighted  bj  one  large 
window  in  Iront  This  room  should  have  a  black-bowd  extend- 
ing entirely  across  the  partition  wall  between  it  and  the  large  school 


98 

YooiQi  and  sMti  for  the  «eeK>mfliodiMid&  of  the  soholare,  and  nit- 
able  means  for  warminjg  the  room.  This  plan  maj  alao  be  need 
for  one  large  school,  and  the  room  B,  used  as  a  recitation  room  bj 
the  aoBistant  teacher,  in  which  case,  it  shonld  commnnicate  di- 
rectly with  the  large  school  room  instead  of  the  entries. 

Hie  sMts  and  desks  in  the  large  school  room  are  desigtied  for 
two  scholars,  and  are  safficient  in  number  to  accommodate  seventy, 
besides  the  front  row  of  seats  which  may  be  used  for  recitations. 
These  seats  shonld  be  arranged  so  that  the  popile  will  sit  fiiunng. 

T. — tCeacher's  platform,  extending  enlirely  across  the  room. 

L — SmoiLC  and  ventilatiDg  flues. 

B  B* — ^Black-board,  on  the  wall  extending  aoross  the  room. 
^    8.— Stove,  with  air  tube  f<Nr  admitting  fresh  air,  as  mentioned  in 
plan  No.  L 

The  {)kn  represents  six  windows  on  the  sides  of  the  building- 
four  in  the  kige  school  room^  a^d  one  in  each  entry.  There  may 
be  twa  wiadows  for  the  small  school  room,  instead  of  f ne,  as 
■hownfin  the  plan. 


1 


PLAIT  Na  8. 

FLAN  OF  SCHOOL  BOOH  FOB  8IXTT  80H0LABS. 


B 


"T 


c 


» 


i     Q 


R 


BBS      I^B   SB 


lZi_J 


\"J 


-1^1" 


\i 


© 


I9H 
All 


\y 


1  w  r 


[96bj40feetoatrida  Scalt  of  8  liMt  to  the  inch.] 

D  D  D  D — Oater  and  inner  doors.  The  entry  Bhonld  be  light- 
ed oyer  the  outer  door.  In  this  plan  there  iB  bat  one  entrance 
door.  The  bojs  and  girls  are  famished  with  separate  closets, 
opening  into  the  school  room. 


65 

W  W— Windows,  of  wbicli  there  are  Iwo  in  front,  and  throe 
on  oodi  side. 

A  A — Aisles.  Tlic  central  one  is  three  feet  wide,  and  each  of 
the  other  four  is  two  feet  wide. 

U  H — Desk?,  fonr  feet  in  length,  and  varying  ia  lieight  from 
one  foot  fire  inches,  next  the  teacher's  table,  to  two  feel  two 
inches,  near  the  entrance  doors.  The  desks  thcnld  vary  in  width 
from  one  foot  to  one  foot  six  inches,  and  elopo  about  an  inch  to 
the  foot. 

1 1 — Stsats,  varying  in  hciglit  from  ten  to  ecventeen  inches. 
The  (front  edge  of  the  Beat  should  be  in  the  8ftmei>ferpend¥;ular 
Unc'as  the  lower  o<lge  of  the  desk. 

T-i— Teacher's  tabic,  two  feet  wide  and  six  feet  h^ng,  farrfished 
with  a  drawer,  \otk  and  key.  It  would  bo  bettor,  perhaps,  to 
have  this  table  stand  upon  a  jjlatforni,  elevated  about  eight  iichea 
from  the  floor,  and  extending  entirely  across  the  room. 

B  B — B]..  '.kboard,  reaching  entirely  across  the  back  end  of  the 
rooiii,  whicL  should  be  made  by  giving  the  plastering  a  oolored, 
Lard  finish. 

K  R — Recitation  seats. 

S — Stovci  the  pipe  of  which,  passing  over  the  central,  aisle, 
shoild  erti^r  the  chimney  at  the  back  end  of.  the  room. 

O — Air  tube,  under  the  floor,  through  which  puro  air  may  be 
introduced  beneath  the  stove.  ItnpuTe  air  should  be  allowed  to 
pas4  oft'  through  ^  ventilator  adjoining  the  chimney,  or  by  lower- 
ing the  upper  sash  of  the  windows,  or  both. 

L  L — ^Movable  seats  near  tlic  stove,  which  may  be  occupied  by 
the  scholars  while  warming,  or  by  small  children,  if  neceesary. 
They  might  be  placed  in  the  closetB,  which,  being  warmed,  could 
be  occupied  by  lissi^tants  as  recitation  rooms. 


66 
PLAN  No.  4. 


The  above  represents  a  plan  for  two  distinct  schook  in  on^ 
building,  34  by  54  feet,  one  story  high.  Each  school  room  haying 
but  one  front  entrance.  The  large  room  will  accommodate  sixty, 
and  the  smaller  fortyi  scholars. 


6T 

D  D— Doors.    A  A— Entries. 

BB— Library  and  apparatus  rooms,  wluch  xnaj  be  used  aa 
recitation  rooms. 

XT— Teacher's  platforms,  with  blackboards  behind  each,  on 
the  wall.    In  the  large  room  is  a  movable  blackboard  ((). 

£££E — ^Benches.  Those  on  each  side  of  the  teacher's  plat* 
form  are  fixed  to  the  wall ;  the  others  are  movable,  and  may  be 
used  as  recitation  seats,  together  with  the  seats  in  front  of  the 
desks. 

H  H— Seats- 

G  G— Desks, 

1 1 — ^Aisles,  between  the  rows  of  seats. 

f  F — ^Vacant  space  next  to  the  wall  of  the  room. 


SUGGESTIONS  IN  REGARD  TO  SCHOOL  AROHITEa 

TUBE. 

1.     LOCATION  07  SOHOOL  HOUSB. 

The  site  of  the  school  house  should  be  dry,  healthy  and  pleas^ 
ant,  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the  district,  and  apart  from 
the  dust,  noise  and  danger  of  the  highway.    The  vicinity  of  places 
of  idle  and  dissipated  resort  should  be  avoided  in  selecting  a  site 
for  a  school  honse,  as  well  as  places  of  public  business;  and  if  it 
can  be  60  chosen  as  to  overlook  a  delightful  country,  and  be  sur* 
rounded  by  picturesque  scenery,  it  will  increase  the  attractions  that - 
durald  always  surround  it    ^^  As  many  of  the  pleasant  influence 
es  of  nature  as  possible  should  be  gathered  in  and  around  the  spot, « 
where  the  earliest,  most  lasting  and  most  controlling  associations^ 
of  a  child's  mind  are  formed,"    To  secure  these  requisites,  and 
avoid  their  opposites,  it  is  frequently  necessary  to  select  a  looia- 
tieii  more  or  less  removed  from  the  territorial  center  of  the  dis* 
trict    It  is  desirable  that  the  site  should  contain  at  least  one  acre 

of  ground^  never  less  than  half  an  acre^  and  be  inclosed  with  a^ 


68 

neat,  substantial  fence,  with  a  yard  in  front  of  the  school  honse, 

common  to  the  whole  school  for  recreation  and  sport ;  and  two 

yards  in  the  rear — one  for  each  sex,  separated  by  a"  In'gh  board 

'€ence,  and  provided  with  the  necessary  out  buildings.   Shade  trees 

should  be  planted  upon  the  ground  surrounding  the  school  house, 

•'which  will  add  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  site  and  be  a  protection 

^  from  the  hot  rays  of  the  sun  in   summer,  and  the  cold  winds  in 

'winter.    An  appropriate  place  for  fuel  should  bo  provided,  and 

this  should,  at  all  times  when  it  is  necessary  to  be  u=ed,  be  6upj)Hed 

111  sufficient  quantity  and  of  good  quality,  that    the  school  room 

may  be  readily  warmed  for  the  comfort  of  the  scholars,  and  that 

one  half  of  the  morning  session  may  not  be  lost  in  almost  fruitless 

attempts  at  wanning  the  room  with  green  or  decayed  wood  tal^en 

from  a  snow  heap.    Every  school  house  should  be  provided  with 

a  well,  or  so  situated  that  water  may  bo  easily  procured  for  the 

use  of  pupils  and  teacher. 

2.      SIZE  OF  BUILDING. 

V  The  building  should  be  large  enough  to  have  a  separate  entry 
for  each  sex ;  a  room  for  recitation,  appat-atus,  library  and  other 
pui-posesj  and  a  school  room  large  enough  to  accouamodate  all 
the  children  in  the  district  who  are  entitled  to  attend  the  school  of 

'  the  district,  and  allow  each  one  so  attending  it  at  least  175  cubic 
feet  of  air,  spa  e  enough  to  go  to  and  from  his  seat  without  distiurb- 
iug  any  one  else,  to  sit  comfortably  in  his  seat,  and  enable  the 
teacher  to  approach  oacli  scholar,  and  pass  convenlenliy  to  any.paj^t 
of  the  room.  The  entries  should  be  furnished  with  scraper,  mat 
hooks,  shelves,  basin  and  towels,  and  thus  furnished,  will  promote 
liealth,  prevent  contusion  and  impropriety,  and  aid  in  securing 
habits  of  order  and  cleanliness.  The  school  house  should  presejit 
a  handsome  exterior  and  in  every  respect  an  inviting  and  attrac- 
tive appearance ;  calculated  to  inspire  children  aud  the  conimutti- 
ty  generally  with  respect  to  the  object  for  which  it  is  devoted.  ". 

3.   THK  eCMOOL  BOOM— SEATS  AND  DESK^. 

In  determining  the  details  of  construction   and  arrangement 


69 

for  a  Bchool  house,  due  regard  must  of  course  be  liad  to  the  vary- 
ing circumstances  of  couutry  and  Tillage  of  a  largo  and  small 
number  of  scholars,  of  schools  of  diflferent  grades,  &c.  In  agreat 
^nsLJority  of  the  districts  of  the  state  as  they  are  now  situated,  and 
will  be  for  some  time  to  come,  there  will  be  but  one  school  roam, . 
with  a  smaller  room  for  recitations,  library,  apparatus,  &a. 

This  must  necessarily  be  arranged  and  fitted  up  for  scholars  of  - 
all  ages.  In  small  villages  and  populous  country  distriots,  at  leaet , 
two  school  rooms  shonld  be  provided,  one  fitted  up  escoluaively  foir : 
the  yonngor,  and  the  other  for  tlie  older  pupils.  In  large  villages  , 
and  cities,  a  better  classification  of  the  schools  can  be  adoptedy  • 
and  of  course,  more  completeness  can  be  given  to  the  constnio- ; 
tion  and  arrangements  of  the  buildings  and  the  rooms  appropriated 
to  each  grade  of  schools. 

In  the  coustrnction  and  arrangement  of  the  seats  and  desks  of  a 
school  room,  due  regard  should  be  had  to  the  convenience,  comfort 
and  health  of  those  who  are  to  occupy  them ;  and  to  secure  these  , 
objects,  they  should  be  made  suitable  for  use  by  those  who  will 
occupy  them,  for  the  young  and  not  for  grown  persons,  and  of  va- 
rying heights  for  children  of  different  ages,  from  four  years  to  . 
twenty.    Under  the  desci'iption  of  "  Plan  No.  1,"  for  a  school  ' 

house  will  be  found  the  dimensions  for  seats  and  desks  of  four 

> 

different  sizes. 

The  Hon.  Henry  Barnard,  in  his  invaluable  work  entitled 
"School  Architecture,^'  a  book  that  should  be  in  the  possession  of 
erery  school  district,  particularly  if  they  contemplate  erecting  a* 
school  house,  remarks  as  follows  upon  the  subject  of  seats  and  ^ 
desks  for  school  rooms  :  "  They  should  be  adapted  to  each  other,  , 
and  the  purposes  for  which  they  will  be  used,  such  as  writing  and  . 
ciphering,  so  as  to  prevent  any  awkward,  inconvenient  or  un- 
healthy  positions  of  the  limbs,  chest  or  spine.    They  should  be 
easy  of  access,  so  that  every  scholar  can  go  to  and  from  his  seat 
a^d  change  his  position,  and  the  teacher  can  approach  each  scholar 
and  give  the  required  attention  and  instruction,  without  disturbing., 
any  other,  person  than  the  one  poncerned.    They  should  be  so  ai>  . 


70 

ranged  as  to  facilitate  habits  of  attention,  take  away  all  tempta- 
tion and  enconragement  to  violate  the  rules  of  the  school  on  the 
part  of  any  scholar,  and  admit  of  the  constant  and  complete  super- 
vision of  the  whole  school  by  the  teacher.  Each  scholar  should 
be  furnished  with  a  seat  and  desk,  properly  adapted  to  each  other, 
as  to  heijght  and  distance,  and  of  varying  heights ;  the  seats  from 
nine  inches  and  a  half  to  fifteen  and  a  half,  (with  desks  to  corres- 
pond,) for  children  of  different  ages  or  size.  The  seat  should  be 
made  so  that  the  feet  of  every  child  can  rest  on  the  floor,  and  the 
upper  and  lower  part  of  the  leg  form  a  right  angle  at  the  knee ; 
and  the  back,  whether  separate  from  or  forming  part  of  the  ad- 
joining desk  behind,  should  recline  to  correspond  with  the  natural 
curves  of  the  spine  and  shoulders." 

The  desk,  for  two  scholars,  should  be  at  least  four  feet  long  and 
from  twelve  to  eighteen  inches  wide,  with  a  shelf  beneath  for  books, 
and  an  opening  in  the  back  side  to  receive  a  slate.  "The  upper 
surface  of  the  desk,  except  three  or  four  inches  of  the  most  distant 
portion,  should  slope  one  inch  in  a  foot.  On  the  level  portion  along 
the  lino  of  the  slope  there  should  be  a  groove  to  prevent  pens  and 
pencils  from  rolling  off,  and  an  opening  to  receive  an  ink-stand. 
The  top  of  the  ink-stand  should  be  on  a  level  with  the  desk.  The 
end  pieces  of  the  desk  should  be  so  made  as  to  interfere  as  little 
as  possible  with  sweeping,  and  a  free  circulation  of  air.  The  desk 
should  not  be  removed  from  the  seat  either  in  distance  or  height, 
80  as  to  require  the  body,  the  neck  or  the  chest  to  be  bent  forward 
in  a  constrained  manner ;  or  the  elbow  or  shoulder  blades  to  be 
painfully  elevated,  whenever  the  scholar  is  writing  or  ciphering. 
These  last  positions,  to  which  so  many  children  are  forced,  by  the 
badly  constructed  seats  and  desks  of  our  ordinary  school  houses, 
liave  led,  not  unfrequently,  to  distortion  of  the  form,  and  particu- 
larly to  spinal  affections  of  the  most  distressing  character.  Such 
marked  results  are  principally  confined  to  females  of  delicate  con- 
stitutions, end  studious  and  sedentary  habits.  "While  boys  and 
young  men  engage  in  active  exercise  and  sport  during  the  recess 
and  at  the  close  of  the  school,  and  thus  give  relief  to  the  over- 


Tl 

strained  and  unnaturally  applied  muscleSi  and  restore  the  apring 
of  elasticity  to  the  cnshion-like  Babstance  which  gives  flezibilitj 
to  the  spinal  eolamn ;  girls  exercise  less  in  the  open  air,  indulge 
hut  Jittio  in  those  sports  which  give  variety  of  motion  to  the  jointa. 
snd  mnscles,  and  are  confined  to  duties  and  studies  which  require 
their  being  seated,  out  of  school  beurs,  too  much  and  too  long  at 
any  one  time/' 

A  volume  of  testimony,  from  the  most  distinguished  membei)0 
of  the  medical  profession,  might  be  given,  showing  the  evil  and 
dangerous  effects  resulting  from  the  use  of  improperly  constructed 
seats  and  desks ;  but  it  is  deemed  unnecessary  to  produce  testi- 
mony upon  a  snbject  so  plain  to  the  observation  and  common 
sense  of  every  one. 

To  adopt  further  the  language  of  Mr.  Barnard:  <*No  child 
should,  under  any  circumstances,  be  long  or  frequently  exposed 
to  any  one  or  all  of  these  causes  of  discomforts,  deformity,  or 
disease.  Seats  and  desks  can  be  as  easily  and  cheaply  made  of 
di&rent  heights,  and  for  convenient  and  healthy  postures,  as  they 
are  now  without  reference  to  such  considerations. 

Little  children  are  made  to  suffer,  and  many  of  them  perma- 
nently, from  being  forced  to  sit'  long  in  one  position,  without  any 
occupation  for  the  mind  or  muscles,  on  seats  without  backs,  and 
so  high  that  their  feet  cannot  touch,  much  less  reaty  upon  the  floor. 
Nothing  but  the  fear  of  punishment,  or  its  frequent  application, 
can  k^ep  a  live  child  still  under  such  circumstances,  and  even 
that  cannot  do  it  long. 

Who  has  not  an  aching  remembrance  of  the  torture  of  this 
unnatural  confinement,  and  the  burning  sense  of  injustice  for 
punishment  inflicted  for  some  unavoidable  manifestation  of  un- 
easiness and  pain  t  Even  though  the  seats  are  as  comfortable  as 
can  be  made,  young  children  cannot,  and  should  not,  be  kept  still 
upon  them  long  at  a  time,  and  never  without  something  innocent 
or  useful  to  do,  and  under  no  circumstances  longer  than  twenty- 
five  or  thirty  minutes  in  one  position,  nor  so  long  at  one  study, 
and  that  with  frequent  and  free  exercise  in  the  open  air.    To 


72. 

accomplish  this,  great  and  radical  changes  iu  the  views  and  prac- 
tice of  teachers,  parents,  and  thc^  communities,  must  talic  place. 
Nowhere  in  the  whole  department  of  practical  education,  is  a 
gradual  change  more  needed  or  should  be  sooner  commenced," — 
The  school  room  should  be  properly  warmed,  whenever  a  fire  is 
needed,  and  kept  at  an  even  temperature  of  about  sixty -eight 
degrees  ;  and  as  stoves  are  mostly  used  for  this  purpose,  the  p'pe 
should  be  carried  as  high  as  possible  over  the  heads  of  the  schol- 
ars to  a  flue  within  or  next  the  wall.  A  vessel,  supplied  with 
pure  water  should  always  be  kept  on  the  stove  to  give  moisture  to 
the  atmosphere  of  the  room. 

4. — VENTILAIION. 

Every  school  room  should  be  provided  witli  moans  of  ventila- 
tion, for  the  escape  of  vitiated  air  from  the  room,  and  for  the.  ad* 
mission  of  pure  air  within  the  room.    The  air  of  the  room  is  con- 
stantly undergoing  a  change  by  being  respired,  rapidly  losing  its 
vital  portions,  and  being  otherwise  rendered  unwholesome  and  • 
impure  by  the  insensible  perspiration  of  the  inmates,  and  by  . 
burning  fires.    The  importance  of  some  arrangements  to  effect  a 
constant  supply  of  pure  air,  not  only  in  school  r^oms,  but  in  any 
room  where  any  considerable  number  of  persons  assemble,  has  , 
been  overlooked,  to  the  inevitable  sacrifice  of  health,  comfort  and 
all  cheerful  or  successful  labor.    But  public  attention  is  now 
being  directed  to  that  subject,  and  due  importance,  in  many  in- 
stances, attached  to  the  necessity  of  providing  proper  means  of. 
ventilation,  as  is  shown  in  very  many  of  the  public  rooms  and 
buildings  in  every  part  of  the  State ;  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  re« . 
form  in  this  respect,  will  not  fail  to  reach  every  school  room  in 
the  state.    Most  of  the  union  school  buildings  are  provided  with 
ample  means  of  ventilation,  but  a  great  majority  of  school  houses 
of  the  State  are  without  any  such  humane  provisions,  unless  it  be 
opening  an  outside  door,  or  raising  the  lower  sash  of  the  win- 
dows, a  means  resulting  in  as  many  ill  effects  as  no  means  at  all. 
For  by  opening  a  door  or  raising  the  lower  sash  of  a  window,  a 


73 

cold  current  of  air  is  precipitated  into  the  room  upon  the  persons 
of  those  sitting  near  those  apertures,  causing  colda,  coughs,  and 
not  nnfrequontlj  planting  the  germs  of  incurable  diseases. 
The  pure  air  wo  breathe  is  composed  in  every  one  hundred  parts, 
of  21  of  oxygen,  78  of  nitrogen,  and  1  of  caibonic  acid  ;  but  whoa 
this  has  been  once  respired  or  received  into  tlie  lungs  and  again 
thrown  off,  it  is  found  to  have  lost  8  per  cent  of  its  oxygen,  and 
gained  8  per  cent,  of  carbonic  acid.  If  this  is  breathed  again,  it 
loses  another  quantity  of  oxygen,  and  gains  as  much  more  car- 
bonic acid.  As  oxygen  is  the  vital  principle  or  part  of  air,  it  fol- 
lows that  each  successive  respiration  reduces  the  quantity  of  this 
vital  principle,  without  which  no  animal  can  live.  Now.  it  has 
been  ascertained  by  experirfient,  that  a  healthy,  adult  person  re- 
ceives into  his  lungs,  at  each  inhalation,  every  three  seconds, 
about  thirty-six  cubic  inches  of  air,  which  would  be  twenty-five 
cubic  feet  every  hour,  or  seventy-five  cubic  feet  every  three  hours. 
And  farther,  that  "  an  animal  cannot  live  in  air  which  is  unable  to 
support  combustion;  and  that  air  once  respired  will  not  sup- 
port combustion ;  which  establishes  the  important  truth,  that 
"air  once  respired,  will  not  further  support  animal  life."  Hence, 
it  will  be  seen,  that  forty-five  scholars,  during  a  three  hours  ses- 
sion of  school,  would  exhaust  the  vitality  of  three  thousand  three 
hundred  and  seventy-five  cubic  feet  of  air;  and  were  they  kept 
in  a  room  of  the  size  of  twenty  by  twenty-four  feet,  and  seven  feet 
in  height,  in  which  no  pure  air  would  be  admitted,  and  could  they, 
breathe  the  pure  air  until  it  is  all  once  respired,  they  would  all 
cease  to  exist  before  the  expiration  of  three  hours.  For  the  room 
of  the  dimensions  named,  would  contain  3360  cubic  feet  of  air, 
which  ie  fifteen  cubic  feet  less  than  is  necessary  to  support  healthy 
respiration.  There  are  many  school  rooms  containing  no  more 
cubic  feet  of  air  than  is  mentioned  in  the  above  supposed  case, 
and  in  which  are  crowded  forty-five  scholars,  but  the  rooms  are 
far  from  being  air  tight,  so  that  such  a  condition  of  things  as 
above  supposed,  cannot  well  exist ;  but  there  are  approximationa 

10 


74 

to  it,  and  this  is  given  to  show  the  necessitj  of  large  rooms,  high 
ceilings,  and  proper  means  of  ventilation. 

The  Hon.  Ira  Mayhew,  superintendent  of  public  instruction 
of  the  state  of  Michigan,  in  his  very  excellent  work  on  "  Popular 
Education,"  from  wh^ch  the  above  statements  are  derived,  relates 
the  following  incident,  as  having  occurred  while  in  the  discharge  • 
of  his  duty  as  such  officer :  "  In  the  winter  of  1841-2  I  visited  a 
school  in  which  the  magnitude  of  the  evil  under  consideration 
(want  of  proper  means  of  ventilation,)  was  clearly  developed. 
Five  of  the  citizens  of  the  district  attended  me  in  my  visit  to  the 
school.  We  arrived  at  the  school  house  about  the  middle  of  the 
afternoon.  It  was  a  close,  new  housci  eighteen  by  twenty-four 
feet  on  the  ground,  two  feet  less  in  one  of  its  dimensions  than  the 
house  concerning  which  the  preceding  calculation  is  made.  There 
were  present  forty-three  scholars,  the  teacher,  five  patrons,  and 
myself  making  fifty  in  all.  Immediately  after  entering  the  school 
house,  one  of  the  trustees  remarked  to  me :  ^  I  believe  our  school 
house  is  too  tight  to  be  healthy.'  I  made  no  reply,  btlt  secretly 
resolved  that  I  would  sacrifice  my  comfort  for  the  remainder  of 
the  afternoon,  and  hazard  my  health,  and  my  life  even,  to  test  the 
accuracy  of  the  opinions  I  had  entertained  on  this  important  sub- 
ject. I  marked  the  uneasiness  and  dullness  of  all  present,  and 
e^ecially  of  the  patrons,  who  had  been  accustomed  to  breathe  a 
pure  atmosphere.  School  continued  an  hour  and  a  half,  at  the 
dose  of  which  I  was  invited  to  make  some  remarks.  I  arose  to 
do  so,  but  was  unable  to  proceed  until  I  had  opened  the  outer 
door,  and  snuffed  a  few  times  the  purer  air  without  When  I  had 
partially  recovered  my  wonted  vigor,  I  observed  with  delight  the 
renovating  influence  of  the  current  of  air  that  entered  the  door, 
mingling  with  and  gradually  displacing  the  fluid  poison  that  filled 
the  room,  and  was  about  to  do  the  work  of  deatli.  It  seemed  as 
though  I  was  standing  at  the  mouth  of  a  huge  sepulehre,  in  which 
the  dead  were  being  restored  to  life.  After  a  short  pause  I  pro- 
ceeded with  a  few  remarks;    chiefly,  however,  on  the  subject  6f 


T6 

respiration  and  veutilatioD^  The  trustees,  who  had  just  tested 
their  accoracj  and  beating  upon  their  comfort  and  health,  re- 
BolFed  immediately  to  provide  for  ventilation.  *  »  * 
Before  leaving  the  house  on  that  occasion,  I  was  informed  an 
evening  meeting  had  been  attended  there  the  preceding  week, 
which  they  were  obliged  to  dismiss  before  the  ordinary  exercises 
were  concluded,  because,  as  they  said,  ^  We  all  got  sick,  and  the 
candles  went  almost  out?  Little  did  they  realize,  probably,  that 
the  light  of  life  became  just  as  nearly  extinct  as  did  the  candles. 
Had  they  remained  there  a  little  longer,  both  would  have  gone 
out  together,  and  there  would  have  been  enacted  the  memorable 
tragedy  of  the  Black  Hole  of  Calcutta,  into  which  were  thrust  a 
garrison  of  one  hundred  and  forty-six  persons,  one  hundred  and 
twenty-three  of  whom  perished  miserably  in  a  few  hours,  being 
suffocated  by  the  confined  air." 

80  tragical  a  scene  as  the  one  above  supposed  will  not  probably 
occur,  but  it  forcibly  illustrates  the  necessity  of  providing  a  con- 
stant supply  of  pure  air,  and  of  affording  means  for  the  escape 
from  the  room  of  foul  air,  generated  by  respiration  and  other 
causeB.  For,  if  in  a  school  numbering  forty-five  scholars,  562i 
cubic  feet  of  air  loses  its  vital  power  every  half  hour,  and  this 
Titiated  air,  mixing  with  the  atmosphere  of  the  room,  proportion- 
ately deteriorates  the  whole  mass,  some  means  must  be  provided 
to  supply  the  necessary  quantity  of  oxygen,  or  the  most  evil  re- 
sults will  inevitably  ensue.  During  warm  weather  resort  may  be 
had  to  opening  doors  and  windows  as  a  means  of  ventilation,  with 
less  of  evil  efifects  than  at  times  when  a  fire  is  needed  to  sustain 
the  warmth  of  the  room ;  but  in  the  winter  season  other  means 
are  necessary. 

Pure  air  should  be  introduced  into  the  room  by  means  of  a 
tube  leading  from  the  outside  of  the  wall  of  the  building  beneath 
the  floor,  and  opening  into  the  school  room  under  the  stove,  as 
mentioned  in  Plan  Ko.  1.  By  this  arrangement  the  pure  air  will 
be  moderately  warmed  before  it  circulates  through  the  room* 
Ihe  size  of  this  admission  tube,  or  flue,  must  depend  upon  the 


76 

size  of  the  room  and  the  number  of  occupants ;  but  if  supplied 
with  a  register  at  the  opening  under  the  etove,  the  amount  of  air  ' 
necessary  to  be  admitted  may  be  easily  regulated,  provided  the  ' 
tube  is  large  enough,  which  should  not  be  less  than  twelve  inches  ' 
square. 

A  flue  should  be  constructed,  through  which  the  noxious  air  ' 
may  escape,  adjoining  the  smoke  flue,  which  should  be  at  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  room  from  the  place  where  the  stove  is  situated, 
and  cold  air  admitted.  This  flue  should  not  be  less  than  eighteen  ' 
inches  in  diameter,  with  a  smooth  inside  surface,  and  an  aperture 
nearly  the  size  of  the  flue,  near  the  ceiling  of  the  room,  furnished 
with  a  register  that  it  may  be  opened  or  closed  at  pleasure.  By 
carrying  up  this  ventilating  flue  close  beside  or  within  the  smoke 
flue,  the  warmth  of  the  latter  duiing  the  season  when  fires  are 
used,  and  will  rarify  the  air  in  the  former  sufiiciently  to  sustain  a 
constant  draught  of  air  from  the  room.  The  ventilating  flue  may 
be  made  to  connect  with  the  chimney  in  the  attic. 


it 


•APPENDIX  ^'0.» 


APPORTIONMENT  {F(yr  the  year  1854,)  of  $9»,74»  62 
among  the  several  Tcnima  and  Cities  of  the  State^  according  to 
the  number  of  children  residing  therein  between  four  and 
twenty  gea/rs  of  age. 


ADAMS  COUNTY. 


T0*VBS. 

No.  of  Childrefi. 

Apportionrnent 

JackaoD, 

208 

$149  76 

Quincey, 

64 

46  08 

^  .                   125 

90  00 

arand  Marsh, 

Total 

68 
397 

No  appoj  tionment. 

285  94 

BAD  AX  COITNTY. 

Btfd  Ax, 

442 

$818  ^4 

Betg^u, 

47 

33  14 

Kickapoo, 

24 

17  28 

^effevBODi 

Total 

116 

629 

«3  52 

452  88 

BROWN  COUNTY. 

\ 

Dqiere, 

169 

$121  68 

fireenBay, 

'                      968 

696  06 

Lasi^nce, 

'                      132 

95  *4 

Wilghtstown, 

56 

•  4U'  ^2 

Howard, 

Total 

221 
.    ..                1646 

169  !2 

< 

.  1,U1'82 

•  •  • 

CAl.liMET  COUNTY. 

Manchester, 

199 

$149  28 

Slockbridge, 

276 

198  72 

CbarlestowD, 

61 

43  92 

78 


TOWBS. 

Vew  Holflteiii, 

Portknd, 

Woodville 


CALUMET  COUNTY.— Continued 

No.  of  ChildieD. 

170 

40 

147 


Apportionment 

128  40 

28  80 

lbs  84 

No  i^poitionment 


Total 

8M 
CRAWFORD  COUNTT. 

642  9« 

Pnurie  du  Chien 

874 
•74 

t485  S8 

T*tal 

486  28 

COLUMBIA  COUNTY. 

WMtP<Hnt, 

U6 

$104  40 

Lodi, 

2S2 

167  04 

Leedi^ 

214 

164  08 

Hampden, 

19S 

140  40 

Otovs 

168 

118  76 

FooBtwD  Prairie, 

260 

187  80 

SprlBgvale, 

199 

148  2a 

Newport, 

97 

69  84 

Port  Hope, 

20S 

147  60 

Soott, 

160 

116  20 

Coiumbu, 

426 

366  72 

OaUdonia, 

179 

128  88 

Dekora, 

269 

196  «8 

LotrTiUe^ 

172 

128  84 

Porti«;e  City, 

848 

260  66 

Wyoeeoa, 

274 

197  28 

Comilaikl, 

264 

190  08 

Lewietan, 

148 

106  66 

MaroeHoD, 

t2» 

164  88 

Baadoiph, 

258 

186  76 

Tofcid 


MS2 


8^191  04 


79 

DANE  COUNTY, 

TOWM. 

TSo.  ci  Children. 

ApportioniBMit. 

lih'nv 

884 

$254  88 

Bntol, 

279 

200  88 

BlMMonDda, 

297 

213  91 

Booming  Orore^ 

164 

118  08 

Beny, 

IM 

76  82 

Burk^ 

SS8 

171  86 

Black  Earth, 

192 

188  24 

Christiana, 

508 

803  60 

Cotfa^  Grove, 

381 

274  82 

Daat^ 

188 

183  92 

Dnnn, 

179 

128  88 

DnnUrk, 

483 

811  76 

Oeeriield, 

248 

178  56 

Fkdbbmg, 

267 

185  04 

Vontroae, 

211 

151  92 

JtliddletoD, 

159 

114  48 

IfaduoD, 

1127 

811  44 

Medina, 

807 

221  04 

Oregon, 

388 

289  04 

Priroioae, 

296 

218  18 

Pleawnt  Springt 

482 

811  04 

Butland, 

881 

274  82 

225 

162  00 

8(>riiigdale, 

197 

141  84 

Ban  Pfairle^ 

268 

192  96 

Ytmu, 

241 

178  52 

Tinna, 

104 

74  88 

irndsor. 

211 

151  98 

Wwtport, 

114 

82  08 

York, 

852 

181  44 

Boibnty, 

282 

1«T  04 

OtmfUioM, 

218 

188  86 

TMa),  »1«1  ♦O.MT  W 


.  I 


80 

DODGE  COUNTY. 

Towns. 

No.  of  Children. 

Apportionment. 

Ashippun, 

441 

•317  62 

Beaver  Dam, 

645 

464  40 

Baraett, 

330 

237  60 

Emmett, 

427 

307  44 

Calamu?, 

180 

129  M 

Ch'eBter, 

356 

256  32 

Clyman, 

363 

261  36 

Elba, 

334    . 

240  48 

Fox  Lake, 

337 

242  64 

Iliietisford, 

346 

249  12 

Hitman, 

410 

295  20 

Hubbard, 

370 

266  40 

Tifthanoti, 

527 

379  44 

Wdl, 

344 

247  68 

'Le^oy, 

195 

140  40 

Lomirn, 

262 

188  64 

Oak  Grove, 

504 

362  88 

PorLljmdj 

22C 

162  72 

KnbicQTi, 

397 

285  84 

Shields, 

332 

239  04 

Trenton, 

390 

280  80 

Theresa, 

341 

245  52 

Wcstford, 

' 

60 

43  20 

'WiIliarastowD, 

863 

261  36 

City  of  Watertown,  (5 

ith  4:  6th  wards,) 

148 

106  5Q 

Total, 


8628 


«(i2l2  16 


FOND  DU  LAC    COUNTY. 


j^shjEbrd, 
-Auburn, 

Alto, 

Waupuo, 

Oakfield, 


858 
125 
240 
342 

376 


$257  76 

90  00 

172  80 

240  24 

27J  72 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


QM  TBM 


BANK  COMPTROLLER, 


OF  THB 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


FOB  THE  YEAH  1854. 


MADISON: 

SBRIAH  BSOWir,  P&IKTBB. 
1865. 


t( 


Ofrgb  ov  Bank  Compibollsb, 

Madisok,  Jan.  11th,  1865. 
Hon.  J.  T.  Lewis, 

President  of  the  Senate  : 

I  herewith  transmit  to  the  legislature  as  required  bj  law,  the 
annual  report  of  the  Bank  Comptroller. 

Very  Bespectfnlly, 

Wm.  M.  DENNIS, 

Bank  ComptroUer. 


REPOET 


Bask  Ookfebollxb's  Offiob, 

JlADmoTSfy  January  lOth^  1860. 
HoH.  J.  T.  Lewis, 

XmuL  Gov.  a/nd  PresiderU  of  the  Senate : 

In  parstiance  of  law,  the  Bank  Oomptroller  has  the  honor  of 
submitting  the  following  report  of  the  transactions  of  his  office  for 
the  preceding  year : 

This  department  was  organised  on  the  20th  of  November,  A.  D. 
1852,  by  the  appointment  of  James  S.  Baker,  Esq.,  of  Green  Bay, 
to  the  office  of  Bank  Oomptroller,  who  contiDned  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  that  office  until  the  first  Monday '  of  January, 
1854,  when  the  term  of  the  present  incumbent  commenced. 

Ky  predecessor  in  office,  in  the  ability  and  industry  which  he 
displayed  in  the  organization  and  management  of  this  new  depart- 
ment, is  entitled  to  much  credit,  and  the  result  of  his  labors  has 
materially  aided  me  in  the  discharge  of  my  official  duties. 

The  State  Bank  at  Madison  was  the  first  association  organized 
under  the  banking  law  of  this  State,  and  deposited  its  first  secu- 
rities in  this  office,  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1853. 

The  whole  number  of  banks  doing  the  business  on  the  first  day 
of  January,  1854,  was  ten. 


The  following  will  show  the  aggregate  condition  of  banks  as  re- 
ported to  this  office  on  that  day : 

Capital  $600,000  00 

Circulation  485,121  00 

Deposits  654,048  10 

Specie  182,482  81 

Cash  Items  20,136  80 

Public  Securities              ,       .    -  r   :  '  6Y8,721  11 

Private  Securities  1,163,066  47 

The  whole  number  of  banks  organized  and  doing  business  on 
the  first  day  of  January,  1856,  were  twenty-four. 

The  aggregate  banking  capital  of  the  organized  banks  on  that 
day  was  $1,450,000. 

The  banking  capital  of  the  State  has  increased  during  the  past 
year  $850,000. 

Several  new  institutions  are  now  in  the  course  of  organization 
and  will  soon  commence  business,  the  aggregate  capital  of  which 
is.$186,00a 

The  whole  amount  of  countersigned  notes  issued  to  tlie  'banks, 
and  outstanding,  on  the 'first  day  of  January,  1855,*  ia\$P37,502. 

The  whole  amount  of  State  stocks  on  deposit  in  this  office  to 
secure  the  redemption  of  said  notes,  on  that  day  wa3  1|033,000, 
and  consisted  of  the  bonds  of  the  following  States,  to  wit : 


.Virginia    State  Stocks 

^>p0roent 

♦277,000 

Miesouri 

do 

do 

230,000 

Tennessee 

do 

do 

176,000 

North  Oarolina  do 

do 

88,000 

Kentnckj 

do 

do 

62,000 

LenUiana 

do 

do 

,      36,000 

Michigan 

do 

do 

18,000 

Wisconsitt 

do 

7  per  cent 

60,000 

do 

do 

8  per  cent 

40,000 

OoQicia 

do 

'OperiMDt 

42,000 

do 

do 

7  per  cent 

20,000 

Total,  $l,t)88,000 

A  particular  description  of  the  stocks  deposited  by  each  bank, 
will  be  foand  in  the  appendix  attached  to  this  report,  and  marked 
>A." 


•    FA)m  theiHqp«rt8  mtde^  to  tkifl  c&mx>iL  tiie  flNtdii;^  of  JitiUAiyi 

1855,  by  twenty-three  banke,  the  following  itema  are  £;ath)9red,  to 

iirlt  * 

'capital  /     -^  $1,400,000  00' 

Oir  ulation  .  740,764  00 

Deposits  1,481,866  74 

Specie  834,388  T4 

Ca«h  Items  103,184  27 

Pablic  Seeuritiee  99^,485  19 

Private  Securities  1,861,043  «e    . 

yoTK.— The  OMoth  Ciiyi  Batik  not  bcluded  in  ilic  abore  gtatemeut. 

tfables  B,  C,  P,  E  in  the  apjpettdix  attached  to  this  report,  will 
exhibit  the  semi-annaal  reports  of  the  banks  from  the  organisation 
of  this  department,  up  to^  and  including  the  Bemi*annual  report  of 
January  let,  1855.       ."..'.".*... 

The  following  j&atement.willshow.  ilii  amoimi  ^  CajpUdL  Suick. 
ihs  amount,  of  Countersigned  Notes  issued  to  eaeh  JScmk^  dna 
the  amount  of  Staid  Stocks  on  deposit  to  secure  t/a^  redemption 
€f  such  Notea^  on  the  firsi  day  c^  JurLU(mf\  1855..     ' 


Kame  of  Bank.- 


Capita]. 


Circulation 
OutBUM)diajj^ 


Amowitof 
oo  'Deepo4it 


Bute  Bank 

WiacoDsin  Marine  and  Fire  losuFance.Co. 

Bank  of  Racine 

Jtiotk  Kiver  Bank,.  ....»••••»•••.••%.•• 

Oily  Bank  of  Kenosha 

State  Hank  of  Wiacouain — ., 

Wiscohsin  Bank 

Fafmereand  Millers'  Bank^. !....r- 

Jefferson  County  Bank 

Badger  State  Bank.. .:. /.. 

.  Oshkosh  City  Bank 

lUcSne  County  Bank 

Exchange  Bank. v. « —  ^'. 

*City  Bank  of  Racine. 

Bank  of  the  W eat 

Bank  of  Fond  du  Lac 

Bsbk <tf  Cdrnmerce ...^ »,.• 

Columbia  County  Bank 

FdxBaverBank ; p..,* 

B^nkof  Walertown 

Qerroania  Bakik .....;.• •.. 

;KQrth<?rn  Bank .,.^...,^..^.... 

Ddne  Con  n tv  Bank 

JPto^pIe'a  Bank ^ «^., 


$t^  50,000 

- . .  100,000 

50.000 

■   50,000. 

50.000 

250,000 
50.000 

,50.000 
50.000 
35«000 
50,000 

100,000 
50.000 
50.060 

100.000 
25.000 

100.000 
25  000 
S5.000 
50.000 

95.oeo 

50.000 
■50.0()i0 
95.000 


^.30;eoo 

44,995 
.504H)0.. 
46.000 
119.000 
'46.9§8 
37^^00 
50.000 
SS.496 
49.900 

.  22^492 
40.000 
25,000 

22.492 


24,993 
S4'988 
29.293 
99^00 
3-2.298 
50.000 
23  744 


SaiMO 
50/OQD 
50.000 
56.000 
51.000 
134,000 
50.000 
40.000 
55.000 
25.000 
50.000 

25X)00 

4^000* 

35iW0 

25.W0 

40000 

25,000 

26.000 

33.000 

:St5  000 
46.000 

>5».0OU 
25.900 


tbtal.w...... , tMSOlDQO 


^^SM'  l.tibaaa^, 


Th^fMowma  Statemmi  vnU  exhibit  the  whole  amtnmt  cf  Cmm^ 

.  ierdgned  JVotea  issued  to  the  several  Banks  of  this  Statej/rom 
the  oraanization  of  this  Departments  up  to  dwnua/ry  Xet^  1855  .• 
iilso  the  amomvt  m  Countersigned  Nates  returned  to  the  JSank 
ComptroUer^s  Ofjioe  hy  the  said  Ba/nks^  during  that  time^  to  be 
cancelled  and  destroyed. 


Name  of  Bank. 


Notes 
laauecL 


Notes 
Retarned. 


State  BsdV. 

WieeoDsin  Uarine  and  Fire  Inaarance  Oompanj. 

Bankof  Raoine 

Bock  RiyerBank 

City  Bank  of  Kenosha 

State  Bank  of  Wiaoonobi .•^. 

Wisconsin  Bank 

Fanoen  and  liiUere' Bank 

Jefferson  Coanty  Bank 

Badger  Stete  Bank 

Oahkoah  City  Bank. , 

Racine  County  Bank 

£zcbange  Bank. 

City  Bank  of  Racine 

Bank  of  the  West 

Bank  of  Fond  da  Lao 

Bank  of  Commerce. 

Columbia  County  Bank 

Fox  River  Bank 

Bank  of  Watertpim 

OermaniaBaok 

Northern  Bank. 

Dane  County  Bank. 

Peoples'aBank 


51,003 
49^95 
49.995 
50.017 
50,078 
134,392 
50.149 
50.904 
50260 
25,036 
50.006 
26.576 
24.992 
44.990 
35  000 
24,992 
40.005 
24,993 
25.020 
29.293 
24,902 
32.298 
50.006 
24»997 


TotaL I  $1,019,889 


(20,903 

'"V,666 

17 

4.078 

15J»2 

8|151 

13,404 

260 

2,540 

106 

478^ 

2,500 

4,990 

"'"2.560 
4,00s 

022 

""2*492 

006 

14253 


t82>297 


The  Bank  Comptroller  much  regrets  to  be  obliged  to  notice  the 
suspension  of  the  Oshkosh  Oitj  Bant:,  one  of  the  institntionB  or- 
ganized nnder  our  banking  law,  which  occurred  on  or  about  the 
twenty  fifth  ultimo,  in  consequence  (as  the  Comptroller  is  unoffi- 
cially informed)  of  the  rapid  and  unexpected  withdrawal  of  the 
funds  of  its  depositors. 

Ko  report  having  been  made  to  this  office  bj  the  said  Bank,  on 
the  first  day  of  January,  as  required  by  the  forty  first  section  of 
the  banking  law ;  the  Comptroller  has  therefore  no  other  infor- 
mation concerning  its  condition  or  resources  then  what  can  be 
gathered  from  the  books  of  this  office.  None  of  the  circulating 
notes  of  that  institution  hare  yet  been  protested,  (or  the  Comp- 


troUer  ha»  not  been  offidallj  infbrmed  of  the  fact,)  in  order  to  m^ 
thorite  him  to  take  initUtorj  steps  to  compel  the  bank  to  redeem 
its  isaoee,  or  to  enable  the  Comptroller  to  dispose  of  its  securities 
and  to  proTide  for  the  payment  of  its  circulating  notes,  as  required 
hj  sectionB  28  and  24  of  the  banking  law.  Shoald  it  hereaftet 
become  the  duty  of  this  office  to  wind  np  the  affairs  of  that  bank, 
it  will  be  done  in  tl&e  most  economical  manner,  and  in  the  shortest 
period  of  time  consistent  with  the  interest  of  the  bill  holder  and  a 
dne  regard  to  the  rights  of  the  institution. 

It  is  however  to  be  hoped  that  the  indiriduals  who  control  the 
bank,  will  see  the  necessity  of  making  some  arrangement  with  its 
creditors,  either  to  continue  or  to  close  its  business,  without  the 
interposition  of  the  law. 

The  outstanding  circulation  of  the  Oshkosh  City  Bank  is 
S49,900  for  the  redemption  of  which  the  following  securities  are 
on  deposit  in  this  office  to-wit : 
Yirginia  6  per  cent  stocks,  $15,000 

Missouri    «         «        "   .  10,000 

North  Carolina    «        «  25,000 

Cash  received  for  interest  upon  the  above  stocks 
and  now  in  tile  Bank  Comptrollers  hands  1,500 

Total  $51,600 

The  estimated  value  of  said  stocks  according  to  recent  sales  in 

New  York  is  $46,000 

Add  Cash  1,500 

Total  .         $47,600 

Which  will  leave  a  deficiency  of  about  five  per  cent  of  aecari- 
ties  on  deposit  to  provide  for  the  redemption  of  its  outstanding 
circulation,  to  cover  which  this  department  holds  the  bond  of ' 
James  Eneeland^  David  P.  Hull  and  B.  S.  Henning  in  the  penal 
sum  of  $12,500  which  will  probably  fully  indemnify  the  bill  holders 
from  any  loss. 
By  the  fifth  section  of  the  banking  law  of  this  State,  the  New 
.  York  Market  is  made  the  standard  by  which  the  value  of  the  State 
2 


10 

-AtliokB  offered  asaecorityfor  tike  redfimption  of  the  eirculating 
notej^  of  the  banks  is  ascertaiaed.  It  provide^  ^that  the  stoeks 
aball  be  estimated  and  goremedbj  the  average  rate  at  which 
0Qch  Btocks  have  been  Bold  in  the  city  of  New  York  for  the  next 
fix  inonthfi  preeeding  the  time  when  such  stocks  may  be  left  on 
.  deposit  with  the  Bank  Comptroller."  The  said  section  farther  re- 
quires, that  aach  stocks  shall  in  all  cases  be  made  equal  to  a  stodc 
produoing  six  per  cent  per  annam^  and  in  no  case  to  be  received 
at  a  rate  above  their  par  valne. 

For  many  years  past  .it  has  rarely  occurred  that  the  bonds  of 
asy  of  the  States  deposited  in  this  office  as  aeouritiee  for  the  re- 
demption of  the  circulating  notes  of  the  banks  have  failed  to  com'- 
mand  a  premium  in  the  New  York  market,  and  they  have  been, 
;snd  are  now  ^regarded  iby  capitalists  as  among  the  most  eafe  and 
desirable  of  investments. 

The  bank  comptroller  has  therefore  considered  it  as  his  duty 
under  the  law,  to  issue  a  par  circulation  upon  most  of  the  stocks 
deposited  by  the  banks,  for  in  addition  to  the  deposit  of  stocks, 
the  17th  section  of  the  banking  law  requires  that  before  the  bank 
comptroller  shall  countersign  and  deliver  any  circulating  notes^  the 
stock  holders  of  the  banks  receiving  them,  shall  execute  a  bond 
to  be  approved  of  by  the  bank  comptroller,  to  the  amount  of  one 
fourth  of  the  circulating  notes  which  such  banking  associations  pro- 
pose to  receive,  as  an  additional  security  to  indemnify  the  bill  hold- 
er against  any  loss  that  may  be  sustained  in  case  the  securities 
deposited  with  the  comptroller  shall  not  prove  sufficient  to  redeem 
such  bills. 

The  foregoing  provision  has  in  all  cases  been  complied  with ; 
and  although  it  has  been  the  aim  of  this  department  to  have  all 
the  circulating  notes  issued  to  the  banks  amply  secured  by  the  (Je- 
jposit  of  state  stocks,  still  the  law  requiring  additional  security 
from  the  stockholders  of  '^anks,  is  a  wise  provision,  and  well  cal- 
culated to  guarantee  the  public  against  any  occasional  loss  th^t 
may  be  sustained  by  depreciation  in  the  value  of  stocks. 

A  statement  of  the  names  of  ,the  several  individuals  who  ht^ve 


11 

executed  bon^s  in  purenance  of  tbe  proyisions  of  this  law,  will  be 
found  in  the  appendix  attacbed  to  this  report,  and  marked  "G" ; 
as  well  as  a  statement  of  tbe  names  of  the  stockliolders  of  eacb 
bank,  according  to  tbe  last  report  made  to  this  office,  and  marked 

During'  the  p.ast  three  months  theXew  York  money  market  has 
been 'more  depressed  than  at  any  previous  period  within  the  last 
twelve  years.  The  best  mercantile  paper  could  scarcely  be  nego- 
tiated at  any  price.  Tlie  most  substantial  securities  have  sold  at 
minous  rates,  and  the  stocks  of  our  largest  and  most  reliable  states 
greatly  depreciated  ii;i  the  market. 

On  the  first  day  of  December  last,  in  consequence  of  the  decline 
of  stocks  helow  tbo  value  at  which  they  had  been  received  as 
banking  securities  by  this  department,  and  in  order  to  completely 
secure  the  redemption  of  the  outstanding  circulation  issued  to  the 
banks,  the  Bank  Comptroller  addressed  the  following  circular  to 
•tbe  several  banks  in  the  state: 

^^JSank  Comptrollhb's  Office, 
MjLinBON,  Dec*  Ist,  1854. 
In  oon^equeooe  of  lija^great  and  continued  decline  in  the  valae  of 
•8ta4e  stoeks,  in  tbe  I^ew  York  market,  and  more  particularly  in 
the  stocks  of 'tbe  staties  of  Missouri,  Yii^ia,  North  Carolina,  Ten- 
nessee and  Louisiana  I  have  thought  proper  to  request  of  yoar 
bank  to  forward  to.  this  office  at  any  time  daring  the  present  month 
ten  per  oentum  of  tbe  whole  amount  of  circulating  notes  which  ham 
been  eounteraigned  and  issuied  to  you  by  the  Bank  Oomptrollor, 
for  the  purpose  of  havimg  tbe  same  cancelled;  or,  you  can,  at  your 
option,  deposit^  in  lieu,  thereof  a  like  amount  of  state  stocks,  at 
their  current  market  value,  all  of  which  will  be  passed  to  your 
credit  on  the  books  of  this  department. 

The  preeent -unsettled  state  of  the  money  market  might  well  jus- 
tify a  far  larger  call^but  not  wishing  to  embarrass  the  business  of 
the  hanks,  or  to  withdraw  from  active  employment  a  lar- 
ger sum  than  is  absolutely  necessary,  I  have,  upon  consultation 
with  several  of  the  prominent  bankers  of  the  state,  concluded,  at 
present^  to  make  a  call  of  but  ten  per  cent 


12 

Several  of  our  banks  have  already,  unsolicited  by  this  depart- 
ment, deposited  in  this  office,  ten  per  cent,  additional  stocks  to  fur- 
ther secure  their  circulation,  and  others  have  intimated  their  read- 
iness and  willingness  to  do  the  same;  and  it  is  confldently  expect- 
ed that  no  institution,  organized  under  our  banking  law,  will  de- 
cline to  comply  with  this  reasonable  request,  which  will  not  only 
fully  indemnify  the  public  against  all  possibility  of  loss,  from  their 
circulating  notes,  but  will  greatly  increase  the  confidence  already 
reposed  in  the  solidity  of  our  banks. 

Very  EespectfuUy  Tours, 

Wm.  M.  DENNIS, 
'  Bank  Comptroller.'^ 

The  terms  of  the  circular  were  varied  so  as  to  conform  as  near  as 
practicable  to  the  New  York  market  vltlue  of  the  securities  deposi- 
ted by  the  different  banks.  Upon  the  stocks  of  our  own' state 
(seven  and  eight  per  cent.)  no  additional  security  was  demanded, 
and  upon  the  stocks  of  a  few  of  the  other  states,  less  than  ten  per 
cent  was  demanded,  and  it  gives  me  great  satisfaction  here  to  state, 
that  my  circular  was  favorably  received,  and  cheerfully  acquiesced 
in,  by  the  promptforwarding  to  this  department  of  additional  securi- 
ties or  the  return  of  countersigned  notes,  by  every  bank  in  the 
state  with  the  exception  of  the  Oskosh  Oity  Sank. 

The  prompt  manner  in  which  our  banks  have  complied  with 
the  terms  of  this  circular,  is  not  only  an  evidence  of  their  strength 
and  soundness,  and  of  their  desire  to  fully  secure  the  redemption  of 
their  circulating  notes,  but  of  their  ability  to  furnish  the  state  with 
a  sound  and  healthy  currency.  Their  conduct  is  truely  commend- 
able and  entitles  them  to  additional  claims  upon  the  confidence  of 
the  people. 

The  banks  of  the  state  have  during  the  short  period  of  time  they 
have  existed,  generally  been  doing  a  safe  as  well  as  a  profitable 
business,  and  with  a  single  exception  have  promptly  redeemed  all 
their  issues,  and  met  their  other  engagements  with  the  public.  To 
discriminate  between  them  would  be  unjust,  as  it  is  believed  that 
all  have  contributed  as  far  as  their  ability  and  safety  would  permit^ 


IS 

to  aid  bj  means  of  discounts  and  exchange  the  various  commer. 
cial  interests  of  the  state. 

Oar  ireo  banking  law  has  now  been  in  operation  two  years 
and  under  its  provisions  twenty- four  banks  have  been  organized, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,450,000,  and  a  circulation  amount- 
ing to  $987,592,  all  of  which  is  secured  bj  the  deposit  in  this  of- 
fice of  $1,033,000  of  the  stocks  of  the  most  substantial  states  in  the 
Union.  The  operation  of  the  law  has  thus  far  fully  equalled  the 
expectation  of  its  friends  and  has  given  to  the  state  a  sound  and  well 
secured  currency.  If  the  affairs  of  this  oflSce  are  prudently  con- 
ducted and  all  the  requirements  of  the  law  faithfully  enforced,  lit- 
tle danger  need  be  apprehended  of  any  considerable  loss  being 
sustained  by  the  public  from  currency  based  upon  it. 

The  only  securities  that  our  banking  law  admits  as  a  basis  for 
banking,  are  state  stocks  and  a  limited  amount  of  the  first  mort- 
gage railroad  bonds,  of  railroad  companies,  duly  organized  under 
the  laws  of  this  state. 

The  Milwaukee  and  ififisssissippi  Railroad  is  the  only  road  in 
the  stS'  hat  is  so  far  completed  as  to  come  within  the  provisions 
of  the  law.  That  company,  in  the  year  1853,  made  application 
to  my  predecessor  in  office  to  have  its  bonds  admitted  as  banking 
securities.  That  officer  caused  the  proper  examination  into  the 
finances  and  condition  of  the  road  to  be  made,  as  required  by 
law,  with  much  care  and  attention,  and  very  properly  admitted 
the  bonds  of  a  portion  of  the  road  as  banking  securities. — See 
Table  F. 

The  ability  with  which  the  afiairs  of  that  company  have  been 
managed,  the  large  and  profitable  business  that  the  road  is  doingi. 
and  the  uniform  promptness  with  which  it  has  met  aU.  its  engage-, 
ments,  has  caused  its  securities  to  be  sought  after  as  safe  as  well  aa 
permanent  investments ;  axxd  the  bonds  of  this  company  have,  iu, 
coDsequence,  ranged  in  the  Kew  York  market  within  a  small  niargiA, 
of  state  stocks.  These  reasons,  and  in  consideration  of  the  reduced 
amount  of  circulation  that  can  be  issued  upon  that  class  of  securir 
ties  under  the  law,  have  not  caused  them  to  be  sought  after  as 


14 

banking  securities.  Only  five  thousand  dollars  of  the  first  mort- 
gage bonds  of  the  Milwaukee  and  Mississippi  railroad  company 
have  been  deposited  in  this  office  as  a  basis  for  banking ;  and 
from  the  limited  amount  of  circulation  which  the  bank  comptrol- 
ler issued  upon  them,  they  were  soon  withdrawn,  and  state  stocks 
flubstituted  in  their  place. 

The  bank  comptrolller  has  in  every  instance  rejected  »uch  secu- 
rities as  have  been  offered  as  a  basis  for  banking  under  the  law^ 
as  do  not  clearly  come  within  its  provisions^  as  well  as.  the  stocks 
of  far  distant  and  doubtful  states,  which  have  been  construed  as 
coming  within  the  meaning  of  the  act^,and  has  only  admitted  aa 
banking  securities  the  bonds  of  such  states  as  are  considered  most 
8afe  and  convertible,  and  whose  reputation  for  the  integrity  with 
which  they  have  for  a  long  period  of  time  met  their  engagements, 
may  be  deemed  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  the  future.. 

The  constitution  having  limited  the  whole  amount  of  the  publie 
debt  of  this  state  at  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  ($100,000),  the 
greater  part  of  the  currency  of  our  banks  must  continue  to  b© 
based  upon  the  bonds  of  other  states,  which  are  generally  issued 
in  liberal  amounts  to  aid  in  the  construction  oi  various  works 
within  their  own  borders ;  and  it  may  hereafter,  if,  indeed,  it  has 
not  already,  become  a  question  of  serious  financial  import,  as  to 
how  far  the  policy  of  our  state  shoijld  be  restricted  to  the  basing 
of  nearly  its  entire  currency  upon  the  debts  of  other  states,  over 
which  our  own  government  has  no  supervision  or  control,  either 
in  limiting  the  amount,  or  the  provision  of  means  for  their  ulti- 
mate payment,  or  for  the  accruing  interest  thereom  In  times  of 
universal  prosperity  it  may  be  well  enough,  but  when  commef- 
cial  and  financial  revx^lntions  occuir,  as  occur  they  must,  it  wonM 
seem  that  the  greatest  degree  of  power  should  be  held  by  our 
own  gcremment,  consistent  with  its  general  financial  policy,  over 
Ae  securities  for  the  currency  authorized  by  its  laws. 

It  is  believed  that  the  business  of  this  State  requires  a  circula- 
tirig  currency  of  not  less  than  $4,000,000,  in  order  to  facilitate  the 
various  exchanges  of  produce,  niinerals,  lumber,  merchandisei, 


15 

and  other  eommodities,  less  than  Ofoe-fourth  pittof  which  is  fhi^ 
nished  by  tho  banks  of  our  own  State;  and  it  rests  trith  oor 
Legisktare  to  determine  whether  it  is  proper  for  onr  channels  of 
efrcnlation  to  be  filled  with  the  doubtfal  and  depfeetated  cnrfenef 
ef  far  distant  IBtatee,  Avhoso  currency  is  neither  seenred  by  tb^ 
^* pledge  of  public  stocks^''  or  anything  else,  and  whose  banks  pmj 
no  taxes  towarde  the  8U]>{>()rt  of  onr  government  Is  it  not  wrong 
to  require  of  onr  own  banks  the  mo^t  undoabted  seonrities,  and 
to  oblige  them  to  omtribttte  largely  to  onr  treadary,  and  then  to 
place  them  into  competition  with  the  donbtfal  and  nnseeared 
cnireDigr  of  other  states. 

Xbe  poorer  currency  will  generally  take  the  place  of  the  better, 
as  the  precioos  metals  seldom  circulate  in  company  with  paper 
money,  so  the  more  doubtful  class  of  paper  currency  will  gede* 
vally  drite  from  circulation  the  better  kind.  Our  own  currencT* 
ia  more  easily  converted  into  coin  or  exchange,  and  ie  thereforo 
returfied  to  the  banks  for  redemptii^n,  whilst  the  more  doubtful, 
whieh  is  not  so  readily  converted,  k  left  to  circulate  afrndi^  the 
people.  It  has  been  a  subject  of  great  complaint  with  our  ftr^ 
mers  and  bu^ness  mea,  that  it  i$  with  difficulty  they  can  dispose 
of  their  produce  and  obtain  in  exchange  the  i&otefl  ef  the  bankt 
of  our  own  state,  but  that  the  notes  of  distant  and  almesl  unknawtt 
banks,  are  offerefl  them  in  payment,  which  has  betn  the  canae*  of 
no  jncpo^iderable  losses  in  Ihe  converting  of  such  carreinoy  ibtoooSn 
or  the  bills  of  our  own  banks,  and  it  remains  with  the.  legislature 
to  adopt  such  measures  as  will  secure  our  citizens  a  good  cnrtteaey 
aa  w^l  as  to  protect  onr  banks  from  the  evils  of  this  aUegidnaate 
competition;  in  their  busineas. 

Our  banking  law.  having  bqen  enacted  by  the  legislature  with 
much  care,  and  in  accordance  with  the  provisionsof  the  constitu* 
tion  submitted  to  and  approved  of  by  a  large  majority  of  the  elec- 
ion  of  the  Btate  before  it  became  operate ;  the  power  ofllie  le- 
giabtare  to  amend  or  to  charige  any  of  tteprovisiohi  is  geiienllly 
qttBstioned^  and  if  no  doubt  opoii  tWpeittteatilited^  ttig  Idbe  liopM 


1« 

tbat  the  powet  will  not  be  exercised  except  f<»r  good  reasoDB,  ftnd 
then  only  with  caution  and  great  deliberation. 

The  bank  comptroller  will  propose  no  material  change  in  any  of 
its  provisions,  bat  will  only  advise  the  enactment  of  saoh  laws  as 
in  his  opinion  will  have  a  tendency  to  perfect  the  original  instm- 
ment  which  will  be  proposed  through  the  ^propriate  committee  of 
the  Senate  and  Assemblj. 

8eo.  39  of  the  banking  law  requires  that  all  the  circulating  notes 
of  banks  returned  to  the  Comptroller's  office,  shall  be  destroyed  by 
him,  after  he  shall  have  made  a  record  of  the  same,  which  record 
shall  specify  the  number  of  each  bill,  so  returned,  its  date,  and 
by  whom  it  was  countersigned.  The  same  section  further  directs 
that  duplicate  records  shall  also  be  kept  in  the  office  of  the  state 
treasurer. 

The  legislature  at  its  last  session  directed  the  bank  comptroller 
to  procure  suitable  books  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  foregoing 
provisions  into  efbct,  and  made  ample  provision  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses of  the  same.  The  books  have  accordingly  been  procured,  and 
opened  with  mnch  care  by  a  competent  book  keeper  employed  fbr 
that  purpose,  and  the  records  are  now  nearly  completed.  The  ex« 
pense  attending  it,  although  considerable,  will  be  more  than  com 
pensated  for  by  the  additioanal  safeguard  that  prpvides  against 
fraudulent  issues  of  countersigned  notes. 

(%^>.62  of  the  general  laws  of  the  session  of  1864,  created' the 
office  of  bank  register  and  vested  the  appointment  with  the  bank 
eomptroUer.  In  pursuance  of  that  law,  Adolphus  Menges,  Esq., 
lias  been  assigned  to  that  station,  and  this  opportunity  is  taken  to 
bear  testimnny  to  the  ability,  fidelity,  and  industry,  in  which  he 
has  performed  the  arduous  duties  of  that  office  as  well  as  the  of* 
fice  of  deputy  bank  comptroller,  an  appoinment  which  he  has  held 
since  the  present  incumbent  has  had  charge  of  this  department. , 

BANK  TAXES. 

.  Tho  sixteenth  section  of  the  banking  law  of  this  state  requires 
that  every  banking  association  organised  under  its  provisions,  shall 
0n  th^  fim»  daifS'of  January  and  July^  in  each  year,  pay  nto  the 


IT 


state  treasary  a  semi-annual  tax  of  three  fourths  of  one  per  cent 
on  tile  amount  of  the  capital  stock  of  such  bankinjj;  association, 
^which  tax  shall  be  in  lien  of  all  other  taxes  except  npon  the  real 
estate  of  ench  banking  association. 

The  first  banking  association  organized  under  the  said  act  was  in 
January,  1853. 

The  whole  amount  of  taxes  collected  from  the  banks  during  the 
year  1853,  was  $7,097  92. 

The  whole  amount  of  taxes  collected  from  the  banks  during  the 
jear  1854,  was  $18,165  6i. 

It  will  be  safe  to  estimate  the  revenae  to  the  state  from  the  bank 
tax  for  the  year  1855,  at  $30,000. 

The  following  statement  will  show  the  amount  of  taxes  due  from 
each  bank  on  the  first  day  of  January  ,^1855. 


l^amesof  Danks. 


SUteBaDk,  Madison 

Wisconsin  Marine  &  Kire  Id&  Co.,  Milwaukee.. 

Bank  of  Kacioe.  Racine... 

Bock  River  Bank,  Beloit 

City  Bank  of  KenoAha.  Kenosha 

State  Bank  of  Winoonsin.  Milwaakee. 

Wiaoonsin  Bank.  Mi>  eral  Point 

Parmeradk  Millers  Bank.  Milwankee 

Jefifenoo  Coanty  Bank,  Watertown 

Ba<(ffer  {jtate  Bank.  Janesville. 

Oahkosh  City  Bank.  Oshlcosh 

Bacine  County  Bank,  Racine 

Xzcbange  Bank,  Milwaukee 

Oity  ^nk  of  Racine,  Racine. 

Bank  of  Ponddn  Lac.  Ponddu  Lac 

Bank  of  the  West,  MaiUaon 

Bank  of  Cororaerce.  Milwaukee 

OolomlNa  Cou n ty  Ban k.  PorUge  City 

7flK  Kiver  HanV  Oreen  Bay 

Bertliern  Bank,  Howard 

Bank  of  Watertown,  Watertown 

Germania  Bank,  Milwaukee 

BaneCoanty  Bank.  Madiaon 

BfoplM*Ban]^  Milwaokee 


Capital. 

Arooant  of  Tax. 

$  50000 

t   375  00 

100.000 

750  00 

50000 

375  00 

50000 

375  00 

50  000 

875  00 

250  000 

1,875  00 

50000 

375  00 

50(M)U 

375  00 

50.000 

375  00 

35.000 

187  50 

500  0 

375  00 

100.000 

750  00 

50000 

375  00 

50.000 

3f5  00 

95  000 

<  1X7  .SO 

100.000 

750  00 

100.000 

750  UO 

350<H) 

187  50 

25000 

1H7  50 

50.000 

513  50 

50.000 

308  33 

35.000 

147  93 

50,000 

1  *  43 

•2  iM) 

63  50 

#1.450,000 


$10,9«^1  67 


18 

ENGRAVING  AND  PRINTING. 

Section  four  of  an  act  entitled  "an  act  to  autho  ize  tlie  busmesB 
of  banking,"  approved  April  19th,  1852,  requires  tlie  bank  comp- 
troller to  cause  to  be  engraved  and  printed  in  the  best  manner  to 
guard  against  counterfeiting  such  quantity  of  circulating  notes  in 
the  similitude  of  bank  notes,  as  may  be  necessary  to  carry  into 
effect  the  provisions  cf  that  act,  and  that  the  plates,  dies  and  ma- 
terials so  procured  for  the  printing  and  making  of  such  circulating 
notes  shall  remain  in  his  custody  and  under  his  direction. 

In  order  to  carry  this  law  into  effect,  contracts  have  been  enter- 
ed into  by  this  department  with  four  of  the  leading  bank  note  en- 
graving and  printing  establishments  in  the  city  of  N"ew  York,  to 
wit: 

Messrs.  Eawdon,  Wright,  ^atch  &  Edson ;  Toppan,  Carpenter, 
Casilear  &  Co. ;  Wellstood,  Harks,  Hay  &  Whiting;  Danforth, 
Wright  &  Co.,  who  contract  to  do  all  the  bank  note  printing  and 
engraving  for  this  department,  and  agree  that  they  will  not  at  any 
time  or  under  any  circumstances  place  the  comptrollers  die  upon 
any  bank  note  plate,  or  any  token,  or  furnish  transfers  therefrom, 
without  a  written  order  from  the  bank  comptroller  of  this  state ; 
that  they  will  hold  the  "comptroller's  die"  and  all  bank  note 
plates  subject  to  his  order,  and  that  they  will  deliver  all  impres- 
sions printed  by  them  to  the  authorized  agent  of  the  bank  comp- 
troller. 

The  well  known  reputation  of  the  engravers  selected  to  do  the 
engraving  and  printing  for  this  department,  is  a  sufficient  guaran- 
t^Q  that  their  contracts  will  be  faithfully  performed,  and  it  gives 
me  pleasure  here  to  saf  that  all  busines  committed  to  them  has 
been  neatly  and  expeditiously  executed,  and  in  a  manner  entirely 
Bitisfactory. 

The  bank  note  plates,  of  the  several  banks  of  this  state  "which 
are  organized  under  our  banking  law,  as  well  as  those  in  process 
of  organization,  are  deposited  for  safe  keeping  in  the  vault  of  "the 
Bank  of  the  Republic,"  in  New  York  city  in  a  safe  owned  by  the 
State,  the  key  of  which  is  kept  by  the  agent  of  the  department. 


19 

Whenever  an  association  formed  under  our  banking  law  applies 
to  the  comptroller  for  an  order  to  have  a  bank  note  plate  engraved, 
and  bank  notes  printed,  an  order  is  issued,  directed  to  such  one  of 
the  belbre  named  ongrarers  as  the  applicants  maj  select,  to  en- 
grave a  plate  and  to  print  therefrom  the  nnmber  of  impressions 
contained  in  snch  order,  which  order  is  foi*wardcd  by  mail  ix)  the  . 
agent  in  the   city  of  New  York,  who  enters  it  upon  his  books,   • 
eouotersigns  and  delivers  it  to  the  prc^per  engraver,  and  sees  that 
appropriate  vignettes,  designs,  &o,,  for  the  plate  are  selected*   After 
the  plate  is  completed  and  approved  of  by  the  agent,  and  the  re* 
qnisite  number  of  impressions  are  priated,  the  plate  is  s^^ed  with 
the  seals  of* the  engravers,  and  of  thi^  department,  and  delivered  ., 
to  the  agent  who  deposits  it  in  the  bank  and  forwards  a. certificate  , 
of  snch  deposit,  duly  execnted  by  himself  an^  the  engravers  to  . . 
this  office  to  be  placed  on  file. 

The  affidavit  of  the  engraver  and  printer  is  ako  taken  that  the 
plate  has  remained  in  their  possession  since  it  was  engraved,  and 
that  AO  more  impressions  than  the  number  ordered  by  the  comp* 
troller  have  been  printed  from  the  same. 

13ie  impressions  are  coanted,  packed,  and  sealed  by  the  agent, 
and  delivered  by  hlni  to  the  express  company  to  be  forwarded  to    ' 
this  office. 

The  receipt  of  the  express  company,  as  well  as  the  certificate  of 
ilie  agdnt,  and  affidavit  of  the  printer  are  also  forwarded  here  to 
be  filed. 

Instructions  have  been  given  to  have  different  vignettes  selected 
for  the  plates  of  each  bank  in  order  to  avoid  a  similitude  in  their 
bills,  as  well  as  to  have  the  title,  amount  of  capital  stock  and  the 
name  of  the  state  plain  and  distinct,  that  the  public  may  not  be 
misled  in  their  character,  and  that  each  bank  may  stand  on  its 
own  merits  and  the  reputation  of  our  state. 

This  department  has  discountenanced  the  practice  of  copying 
the  names  of  eastern  banks,  and  imitating  the  style  of  their 
notes,  changing  only  the  name  of  the  State  which  is  generally 
engraved  in  small  letters,  thereby  misleading  the  public  as  to 


20 

the  character  of  their  notes.  This  system  has  been  too  much 
practiced  in  some  of  the  Western  States,  and  in  my  opinion 
has  reflected  but  little  credit  upon  their  banking  departments. 

It  will  thns  be  seen  that  tliis  department  has  the  full  and  com- 
plete possession  of  all  the  bank  plates  as  well  as  the  notes  printed 
from  the  same,  and  that  no  bank  has  in  its  possession  or  nnder  its 
control  any  of  its  plates  or  circulating  notes  until  the  said  notes  are 
registered  and  countersigned  in  this  office,  and  securities  deposited 
for  the  redemption  of  the  same  as  provided  by  law. 

The  experience  of  other  states  has  demonstrated  that  too  much 
caution  cannot  be  observed  or  too  many  guards  thrown  around  the 
custody  of  bank  notes  or  bank  plates,  in  order  to  prfttect  the 
public  from  fraudulent  issues  of  paper  currency.  The  ex- 
pense attending  the  arrangements  made  by  this  department  have 
been  but  trifling,  and  have  been  deemed  necessary  to  carry  the 
law  into  complete  execution  and  to  effectually  protect  the  public 
as  well  as  our  banks  who  have  placed  their  plates  and  notes  in 
our  charge^  and  expect  in  return  that  they  will  be  faithfully 
watched. 

An  annual  appropriation  of  three  hundred  dollars  will  be  re- 
quired to  defray  the  expense  of  the  agency  in  New  York  which  is^ 
respectfully  asked  of  the  legislature. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Wm,  M.  DENNIS, 
Bank  Comptroller. 


APPENDIX. 


Thefollamng  is  a  statement  in  detail  of  the  stocks  held  for  each 
Baf^ing  Association^  and  the  amount  of  circulation  issued 
and  outstanding  on  the  same^  on  the  first  Monday  of  Janth 
ary^  1855 ; 

STATS  BAIf K,  MADI809. 

Wisconsin,  Ss « #20,000 

Missouri,  68 , 12,000 

•32,000 

CirculatioD ^  4  ■ « « • 30,800 

wtBcoNsnr  mariks  a  firb  iksubanos  compant,  MiLWApaoTB. 

Wisconsin,  Ss V ).....,......   20,000 

do        Ys 30,000 

60,000 

Circulation « 49,095 

RANK  OF  RACIVB,  BAOUIA 

Yirginia  Os. 5,000 

Missouri,  Os ^ S5,000 

Tennessee,  Os *• 10,000 

50,000 

X)irculation; ; 44,995 


22 

BOOK  BIYXR  BANK,  BELOIT. 

YirgiDia,  6& 40,000 

Kentuckj,  6b • •     5,000 

Mifleouri,  66. 11,000 

66,00^ 

Circulation 50,000 

cm  BA9K  OF  KXN06IU,  XXN08HA. 

Yirginia,  68. • • 25,000 

Kentucky,  68 13,000 

Georgia,  6s 12,000 

Louisiana,  68 • 1,000 

61,000 

.  Circulation 46,000 

BTATX  BANK  OF  WISCONSIN,  MILWAUKJBX. 

Virginia,  68 40,000 

Tennessee,  68 • 40,000 

Kentucky,  6s 6,000 

Miisouri,  68 48,000 

i84^oaj> 

Circulate ; 1  I9,0(K> 

WISCONSIN  BANK,  VINBRAL  POINT. 

Wisconsin,  78 20,000 

Miflsouri,  68. , 20,000 

Tennessee,  68 5,000 

Virginia,  68 5,000 

50^000 

Circulation 46,99^ 

FARMERS  A  MILLERS^  BANK,  MILWAUKEE. 

Kentucky,  68. 83,000 

Tennessee,  68 7,000 

40,000 

Circulation 37,500 

JEFFERSON  COUNTY  BANK,  WATERTQWN. 

Virginia  68, •  •  • 55,000 

Circulation 50,000 

BAUGXa  STATE  BANK,  JANESYILLS. 

Missouri,  6s .' 25,000 

Circulation 22,496^ 


38 

OBBXOSH  CUTT  KXKKf  OiOKOSH. 

y  iigiDia,  6s. 1  ^,000 

Uiiaonri,  66 10,000 

Iforth  Carolina,  6b. 25,000 

60,000 

Caih  on  deposit  with  Bank  Comptroller 1,600 

61,600 
Circulation ..••....•  49^900 

RAciNB  cocnrrr  bahk,  lucnn. 

Virginia,  68 29,000 

Circulation 26,098 

Virginia,  68.., 10,000 

Georgia,  da 15,000 

26,000 

Circulation 22,492 

OIXT  BAHK  or  AACIlTBi  RAQOHL 

Eentnckj,  68 1,000 

Tenneeqee,68 18,000 

Missouri,  6s. 10,000 

Virginia,  6s 21,006 

.      46,000 

Circulation 40,000 

BANK  07  TRB  WSST,  VADISOK. 

Louisiana,  6s •  • 28,000 

Michigan,  6s ; 7,000 

35,000 

Circulatidn 86,000 

PAKE  OF  rq-JSTD  J>V  I«AC,  FOl^D  PU  LA0. 

Tennessee,  6s ^ 26,000 

Circulation 22,402 

COLUMBIA  COUNTY  BANK,  PORTAGX  CITT. 

Miseouri,  6s 13,0Q0 

North  Carolina,  68 15,000 

28,000 

Circulation 24,998 


S4 

vox  BtTSR  BANK,  GBXFN  BAT. 

Yii^gbra,  ds. 1 1,000 

Tennettee,  68^ v 14,000 

25,000 

GirculaUon 24,998 

BAVK  OF  COHIIERCB,  MILWAUKEE. 

Tonneflsee,  68. 37,000 

KeDtucky,  68 3,000 

40,000 

Circulation 86,000 

BANK  OF  WATBRTOWN,  WATERTOWN. 

North  CArolina,  Os •• 14,000 

Michigan,  68 1 1,000 

TenQessee,  63 4,000  ^ 

Kentucky,  64 1,000 

Louiaiaiia,  68 3,000 

,  88,000 

Circulation 29,298 

GBRMANIA  BANK,  MILWAUKEE. 

Tennefisee.  6s 10,000 

Missouri,  6s.. 15.000 

25.000 

Circulation • 2i,500 

NORTHERN  BANK,  GREEN  BAT. 

Virginia,  68 26,000 

Missouri,  68 2 1,000 

46,000 

Circulation 82,298 

[(^0  DANE  COUNTT  BANK,  MADISON. 

Missouri,  68 10,000 

Tennessee,  68 • .  • .  • 10,000 

]  f      North  CHrulina,  68 29,OOo 

Georgia,  63 1 0,000 

Cr.,  59,000 

LlJ   L.  ;u      Circulation 50,000 

people's  bane,  MILWAUKEE. 

Georgia,  7b 20,000 

do     68 5,000 

25,000 

Circulation 23,744 


25 


"FJ 


Homings  qftAeM.dtM.  Bedl  Roodfrrm  \Bt  Anffuat,  1852  to 

IstAuguat 

185a 

Freight 

Paaaeogers. 

Total 

Angost 

- 

2,570  89 

3,047  83 

5,618  82 

September 

- 

«,250  65 

4,055  50 

9,306  15 

October 

- 

©,674  65 

5,307  59 

15,072  J2 

ll^ovember 

- 

8,340  32 

4,001  92 

12,342  24 

December 

- 

8,094  34 

3,118  30 

11,212  64 

Jannaij 

• 

"7,605  05 

3,195  30 

10,801  25 

Pebruary 

- 

5,515  16 

3,290  70 

8,805  86 

Mareb 

- 

4,636  08 

3,521  27 

8,157  36 

April 

- 

4,124  78 

4,819  60 

8,944  38 

May 

-' 

7,736  42 

«,2I3  78 

13,950  20 

Jtue 

-       10,259  14 

8,304  03 

18,663  17 

Inly 

7,770  21 
•81,578  47 

8,384  64 

16,154  85 

$67,349  96 

1138,928  43 

Running  Ttinpenses. 

•■ 

August 

- 

- 

4,444  38 

September 

. 

- 

8,778  94 

October 

-  . 

- 

4,376  31 

November 

- 

- 

4,332  51 

December 

- 

- 

4,832  '64 

Janoarj 

a           •           • 

- 

8.766  84 

February 

>           •           « 

- 

4,398  04 

llarcb 

. 

- 

4,055  21 

April 

.  - 

- 

M^l  ^9 

May 

- 

- 

4,306  45 

Jmie 

, 

• 

4,831  81 

July 

•^ 

4,500  00 
S50,445  06 

Earainga 

- 

■          ■■ 

- 

188,928  43 

Dedttot  RuDoing  Expenses 

- 

50,445  06 

188,488  37 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,  >  ^ 
HiLWAUKBB  County.       3 


We,  George  H.  Walker,  Praridbnt  pro  tem.»  and  William  Taintar,  Secittary 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  MisaisBippi  Rail  Road  Company^  being  duly  awom,  do 
depoee  and  say  eaeh  one  for  himself  and  not  the  one  for  the  other,  that  the 
.  gro69  earDiDgs  of  said  company's  road*  leading  from  Milwaukee  to  JanesviDe^ 
^r  the  year  next  preceediog  the  first  day  of  August  instant,  amount  to  the  sum 
of  $138,928  43;  and  the  ezpensee  for  running  or  op^ting  said  v^ad  during 
that  period,  is  the  aum  of  150,445  09,  leayjng  the  nett  eanungs  thereof  at  the 
sum  of  88,483  37;  and  in  manner  af^rewid,  we  further  say,  that  ire  belieye^ 
and  so  state  the  fact  to  be,  that  the  nett  eanungs  of  said  company's  joad,  between 
Waukesha  and  the  point  of  intersection  with  the  Janesrille  branph  rofwl|  being 
forty-two  and  one-half  miles,  amoitnts  to  the  sum  of  forty-eight  tbousavd  dol- 
lars and  upwards.  A^d  in  manner  aforesitid  we  further  say,  that  the  schedule 
hereunto  attached  is  a  cor^t  and  true  exhibit  of  the  monthly  eamingaof  said 
zoad  between  the  points  first  named,  aa  well  ^  the  monthly  expenses  in  op- 
erating or  running  the  same,  and.  that  it  also  truly  shows  the  nett  earnings 
.tbereo£ 

.  And  in  manner  aforesaid,  we  further  state  and  set  forth  that  we  have  oare- 
folly  examined  the  accounts  and  items  for  the  oost  of  the  said  company's  road 
between  the  Tillage  of  Waukesha  and  the  point  of  inseotion  with  tbe  Janes* 
yille  Bninch,  and  that  the  aggregate  cost  thereof  amounts  to  the  sum  of  eight 
hundred  and  seTenty-five  thousand  dollars,  and  further^the  deponent^  in  man* 
ner  aforesaid,  say  not 
(Signed,)  GEO.  H.  WALKER, 

President  pro  tem,  of  the  M-  ^  M.  R.  R.  Co. 
WM.  TAINTER^ 
SecreUry  of  the  M.  &  M.  B.  IL  €0. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this  sixth  day  of  August,  A.  D^  1 853. 

CHARLES  F.  ILLSLEY, 
Notary  Public,  Milwaukee  County,  Wnfeonsin. 

Filed  iu  the  office  of  State  Treasurer,  at  Madison,  this  19th  day  of  Sep* 
tember,  A.  D.  1853.     Signed, 

E.  H.JANSSSN» 

State  Tueaaure. 
By  D.  H.  Sbavbr. 


27 

Wci  the  iinderiigD«d|  the  Ooremor,  Bank  Comptrolkri  and  Attorney  Gen- 
end  of  the  state  of  WitooDsin,  do  hereby  oertify  from  actaal  view  and  inqpee- 
doD,  that  a  certain  portion  of  the  '^Milwaukee  and  MiaeiMippi  Railr6ad,'*  lying 
between  Waukesha  and  Milton,  being  forty-two  apd  a  half  miles  in  extent,  has 
been  constructed  in  a  substantial  manner,  with  a  solid  road  bed,  with  a  rail  of 
T  pattern,  and  of  weight  not  less  than  fifty  pounds  to  the  yard,  similar  to  oth- 
er roads  of  the  irst  classy  and  has  been  fully  equipped  and  in  actual  Operation, 
and  has  earned  for  the  year  next  preceding  the  first  day  of  August,  A.  D. 
18i8,  a  nett  feren^e  exoeedi&g  fbrty-eightthousfmd  dollars. 

Oiven  iind^r  our  hands,  this  14th  day  of  September,  A«  D.  1853. 

LEONARD  J,  FARWELL, 
(Signed)  JAMBS  &  BAKES. 

£.  E8TA6RO0K. 

Filed  in  the  Office  of  State  Treasurer  at  Madison,  this  19th  day  of  Septem- 
iMT,  1853.    Signed  RH.JANSSEN, 

State  Treasurer. 
By  D.  M.  SxAVBB. 

GiTicn  OF  TBM  Attorhxt  Qxhxbal  of  tbx  State  of  WiscoirBiH, 

MAniflov,  September  14th  1853. 

I,  Expeiienoe  fiitabrook,  Attorney  General  of  the  State  of  Wisoonni^  do 
hereby  certify  from  aetual  examination,  that  a  eertain  mortgage  or  deed  of 
tmet,  bearing  date  Jane  15th,  1859,  exeovted  by  the  ^'Milwaukee  and  MMa- 
sippi  Railroad  Company,''  an  incorporated  Company  in  the  state  of  Wisooasiny 
daly  oigtnized  bnder  its  act  of  incorporation  and  the  acts  amendatory  thereof, 
and  h»«ing  a  road  of  more  than  twenty  milee  in  extent,  to  George  S.  Coe,  of 
the  dtky  of 'New  York,  of  so  much  of  the  railroad  of  the  said  "Milwaukee 
and  Mississippi  Railroad  Company "^  as  lies  between  the  city  of  Milwaukee  and 
.  iheeafltliank  of  Roek  River,  itl  the  said  stute  of  Wisoonsin,  to  secure  payment 
of  certa^  bemk  of  the  said  Railroad  Company,  not  exceeding  six  hundred 
thousand  doUars  in  amount,  ?iz,  $400,000  thereof  in  bonds  of  llOOQ  each, 
and  to  be  numbered  respectively  from  number  1  to  number  400  inclusive^  and 
|2QO,000  thereof  in  bonds  of  $500  ei^h,  and  to  be  numbered  respectively  from 
number  401  to  number  800  inclusive,  and  to  bear  date  May  5tb,  I85S,  and 
which  said  mortgage  or  deed  of  trust  was  duly  recorded  in  the  office  of  the 
SecreUry  of  Sute  of  the  said  state  of  Wisconsin,  on  the  27th  day  of  Decern* 


cer,  1862,  as  appears  of  record  in  tb^  office  of  tbe  said  Secretary  <jf  Stale,  hat 
been  executed  in  the  manner  and  with  the  provisions  required  by  an  act  of  the 
legislature  of  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  entitled  "an  act  to  authorize  the  busineat 
of  banking,"  approved  April  19,1852,  and  that  such  mortgage  or  deed  of 
trust  is  the  first  lien  on  a  certain  portion  of  road  of  the  said  Railroad  Coropany 
of  not  less  length  than  forty  miles,  to  wit,  on  so  much  of  said  road  as  lieb  be- 
tween Waukesha  and  Milton,  beirg  forty -two  and  one  half  miles  in  extent,  its 

equipments,  depots,  fixiuras,  machinery,  income  and  fraDohiaea.    Signed 

£.  ESTABROOK, 

Att'y  Gen. 

Filed  in  the  office  of  State  treasurer  at  Madison  thifi  19th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1863. 

(Signed)  E.  H.  JANSSBK, 

State  Treasurer. 
By  D.  M.  SsAVBR. 

Officb  of  Statb  Trxasurbr, 

Madison,  Oct  5tb,  1853. 

I  do  hereby  eertyfy  that  the  preceding  papers  are  copies  of  the  statement  of 
tihe  directors  of  the  ^'Milwaukee  and  Mississippi  Railroad  Company,^'  on  file  in 
ibi$  office  and  of  the  Gertifi<»te,  filed  therewilh,  beaiisg  date  Sept.  Utb,  1853 
and  that  the  same  ere  full  and  correct  c(^]€b  of  the  whole  and  of  erery  pnt  of 
such  statenrant  and  ceitifioatea. 

£.  H.  JANBSEJf, 

State  Tceasnnr. 
By  D.  M.  SsATsa. 

OVFIC£  OF  ATTORIfBr  GcNBHAL  OF  THB  StATB  Off!  WlB00ll8Iir, 

Ma^ibok,  October  4, 1863. 

Upon  the  statement  of  the  Directors  of  the  Milwaukee  &  Mississppi  Rail 
Road  Co.,  and  the  certificates  bearing  date  Sept.  14th,  1853,  filed  therewith 
3d  the  ofiice  of  the  State  Treasurer,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  the 
bonds  of  the  said  rail  road  company  secured  by  a  mortgage  or  deed  of  tiust, 
and  bearing  date  June  15, 1852,  exebuted  by  the  said  company,  to  George  S, 
Co€y  of  the  city  of  New  York,  on  so  much  of  said  road  as  lies  between  the  ci^ 


r 


29 

cyf  MHwankee  and  the  east  bank  of  Book  Rt?er  in  said  SUte^  are  receiTable  m 
a  basb  for  banking  within  the  restrictions  contained  in  an  act  entitled  "an  ae 
to  aothotiw  the  buainess  of  banking,  approved  April  19, 1862. 

E.  E8TABR00K, 
Att>.  Genentf. 

OfFIGS  OF  BaKK  CoMFTBOLLBBp 

Madisoit,  Wiflconsin,  Oct.  4,  1854 
The  bonds  of  the  Milwaukee  <fe  Mississippi  Rail  Road  Company  to  which, 
the  opinion  of  the  Attorney  General^  of  this  data  and  the  proceeding  papeit 
relate^  will  be  received  at  this  oflSce  as  a  basis  for  banking,  within  the  reatrictiona 
eontsined  in  an  act  entitled  ^n  act  to  anihorize  the  business  of  faankmg^"  ap» 
proTod  April  10,  1862. 

JAMES  S.  BAKER, 
Bank  Comptroller. 


80 
«G.» 

The  following  stak97ient  vnll  show  the  nameipf  the  persons  who 
have  eg^ecrded  Bonds^  now  on  deposit  in  the  Bank  Comptroller's 
Office^  {in  addition  to  the  State  Stocks  deposited^  to  further 
secure  tlie  redemption  of  the  count'Cr signed  notes  issued  to  thei/r 
respective  Banlcs^  as  required  hj  Se<jti'on  17,  of  the  Banking 
Laws : 

State  Bank,  Madifion,  penary  of  bond,       -  -  -  -  tl 2,606 

'  Names  of  Bondsmen :     Sam*l  Marshall  and  Chas.  F  Ihley. 

WiaoonsiB  Marine  4i  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  Milwaakde,  penaHy  of  bond,  -  25,000 
Names  of  Bondsmen ;    George  Smith  and  Alex  Mitchell. 

Bank  of  Racine,  Racine,  penalty  of  bond,  -  -  .  -     12,500 

Names  of  Bondsmen :  Aug.  L  McCrea,  William  J  Bell,  and 
Henry  J  Uilman. 

Bock  River  Bank,  Beloit,  penalty  of  bond,  ...     12,500 

Names  of  Bondsmen :  John  M  Keep,  Lucius  Q  Fisher  and 
Alfred  L  Field. 

City  Bank  of  Kenosha,  Kenosha,  penalty  of  bond,  -  -  .      6,250 

Names  of  Bondsmen:  A  Campbell,  E  W  Blinn,  H  W  Hub- 
bard, H  B  Towsley,  S  B  Scott,  H  W  James,  Betsey  D  Goff, 
J  H  Kimball  and  £  W  Evans. 

City  Bank  of  Kenosha,  Kenosha,  penalty  of  bond,  -  -      6,250 

Names  of  Bondsmen :  H  B  Towslee,  Sam  Hale,  S  Bronson,  jr., 
John  Denniston,  A  Campbell,  Hubbard  k  Blinn  and  H  M 
Elkina. 

State  Bank  of  Wisconsin,  Milwaukee,  penalty  of  bond,       -  -     87,500 

Names  of  Bondsmen:  James  B  Martin,  Eliphalet  Cramer, 
Anson  Eldred,  Elisha  Eldred,  John  Oatlin,  P  W  Badgely, 
Joshua  Hathaway,  John  G  Inbash  and  C  B  Dickerman. 

Wkoonsin  Bank,  Mineral  Point,  penalty  of  bond,  -  -  -     12,500 

Nama  of  BondBmen:    C  0  Washburn  and  Cyras  Woodman. 


81 

Fannen  dr  Millere'  Bank,  MilwaakeOi  ponalij  of  bond,        -  -    1 2^600 

Names  of  Bondsmen :  Newcomb,  Cleveland,  Stephen  H  Alden, 
Charles  D  Nash,  ilL  B  Medberr^,  John  W  bledbeny.and 
Jacob  A  Hoover* 

farmers  &  Millers'  Bank,  Milwaukee,  penalty  of  bond,      -  -     12,5000 

Names  of  Bondsmen :  £dward  H  Brodhead,  S  H  Alden,  An- 
son Eldred,  A  Fincb,  jr^  John  Lockwood  and  £  D  Hokon. 

JeffeiBon  County  Bank,  Watertown,  penalty  oi  bond,  -  .,.     6^50    > 

Names  of  Bondsmen ;     Cbas  0  Harger  and  Daniel  Jodsl  .^ 

K 

Jefferson  County  Bank,  Watertown,  penalty  of  bond,  *-  -      6,250 

Names  pf  Bondsmen ;    Chas  8  Harger  and  Daniel  Jomsl 

Badger  State  Bank,  Janesville,  penalty  of  bond,      -     ,       -  .      i$fiS0 

Names  of  Bandsmen:     William  J  Bell  and  E  L  Dimock. 

I         '  'I 

Oshkosh  Oity  Bvoiki  Osfakosb,  penal^  of  boat),      -  .  -  :  *    lO^tfOO 

Names  of  Bandsmen :  James  Eneeland,  David  P  Hull  and 
Bonj^S  HennipgL  . ) 

Bacine  County  Bank,  Radne,  penalty  of  bond,        ...     12,500 
Names  of  Bondsmen:    George  G'Nortbrop^LWMnnVo^BM  f 

NortoB,  NicliiQlafl  D  '^raO,  Heocy  8  Ddvand,  H  B- Miuiroe, 
John  W  Gary  and  John  Thompson.  * :   '  : ' 

Eidiaoge  Bai^iof  Yfm  JJM^ in  Oo^' IMttwiiiikae,  pehidliTi^of  boM,--    ISiMO^  ^ 
Names  of  BondaoKm:    Wm  a  Bbll;«iid  B  S  iWadMRnlfa. '     ' 

Citj  Bank  of  Racine,  Racine,  penalty  of  bond,       .  *  .    12,600 

>|{»«ie8  of  Bondsmen:    Qilberi  Kaii^j  W.fi^WMife^  r' 

Alex-tfi^Sliig^.  .:..,-■■.        ••./•..••-''..> 

^  •  •»'     '       ' 

Bank  of  the  West,  Madison,  penalty  of  bond,        -  -  -    25,000 

Names  of  Bondsmen:    James  E  Kelly,  James  Ludington  and 
G^  W  Chapman. 


:  a 


Bank  of  the  West,  Madiaon,  penalty  cf  bond,         -  -  -      8,750 

Kame  of  Bondsmen;    Samuel  A  Lowe. 

Bank  of  Fond  du  Lac,'Fond  du  Lac,  penalty*of  bond,        -  -      6,250 

Names  of  Bondsmen :    Wm  J  Bell  and  Abram  Q  Butler. 

Bank  of  Commerce,  Milwaukee,  penalty  of  bond,   -  -  -     25,000 

Names  of  Bondsmen :     George  W  Peckham,  James  H  Bogers, 
Joseph  S  Colt,  Waltor  H  Peckham  and  John  Watson. 

Columbia  County  Bank,  Portage  City,  penalty  of  bond,       -  -       6,250 

Names  of  Bondsmen :     Samuel  Marshall,  Charles  F  Ilsley  and 
H  S  Haskell. 

Fox  River  Bank,  Oreeo  Bay,  penalty  of  bond,        -  -  -      7,000 

Names  of  Bondsmen :    Joseph  Q  Lawton,  ML  Martin,  F  Des- 
noyers  and  John  Day. 

Northern  Bank,  Howard,  penalty  of  bond,  -  .  -  -    12,500 

Names  of  Bondsmen :    Otto  Tank,  M  L  Martin  and  E  Oonklin. 

Germania  Bank,  of  G  Papendick  k  Co,  Milwaukee,  penalty  of  bond,      0,250 
Names  of  Bondsmen :     Geo  Papendiek  &  C  H  U  Papendiek. 

Dane  County  Bamk,  MadisoH,  penalty  of  bond,       •  -  -    12,500 

Names  of  Bondsmen :    Le?i  B  Vilas,  Leonard  J  Farwell  and  N 
B  Yao  Slyke. 

PeOfAe^a  Bank  of  Haertel,  Oreenleaf  h  Co,  Milwaukee,  penalty  of  bond,    6,860* 
Names  of  Bondsmen:    H  Haertel,  E  B  Greenleaf  and  A  W 
Greenleaf. 

Bank  of  Watortown,  Walerfown,  penalty  of  bond,  -  -  -    18,600 

Names  of  Bondsmen:    A  L  Pritchard,  Linus  R  Cadfi  Lotber 
A  Cole,  Bbenezer  W  Cole. 


38 


The  fdllow{r\g  Statement  will  exhibit  the  names  of  the  Stock- 
hoiaera  and  the  amount  of  Stock  owned  hy  eadh  indimdt^^ 
m  the  several  JBanks  of  the  State,  as  reported  to  this  Ojffice 
o»  the  first  Mondmf  (^  Janudry,  1855. 


Vime  of  Banks.        , 

STame  of  SbarebqldefB. 

BesideDce. 

Amount 

Bute  Bank      -    ^  -\    - 

Marshall  <S&  Ilkley  . 

) 

::  ;   -' 

8amuel  Maiahall    . 

^fadiaon 

•50.000 

^ 

Charles  F.  Ilblej 

Milwaukee          ) 

WkM.  A  F.  Infl.  Compapy 

Alexan^e^  Miiqbell 

ililwaukee 

100,000 

B/mkofRacina         -    ]     - 

Henry  J-  UUmann, 

^cine 

25,000 

Wm.ABeJl 

Milwaukee 

12,600 

illishaAWadaworth 

Chicago,  111. 

12,600 

Faniien  &  Millers. Ba^k  .,  * 

JBdward  J).  HcJton 

Milwaukee 

6,600 

pJohn  Lockw^d       / 

do 

6,600 

AnaoQ  £idre4 

do 

8,100 

S.  H.  AJdett  .  . 

1        do 

6,600 

A.  FinebJr.   > 

!        do 

6,600 

1 

E.  H.Broadh^    I 

do 

6,600 

I 

G.H.Walker 

do 

6,000 

E.  M.  William^u  . 

^iadiaon 

4,200 

WiscoMittBank        -        - 

0.  C.  Washburn 

Mineral  Point 

25,000 

....     -'y 

Cyrus 'Woodin^n    ' 

4* 

35ytt0a 

CUy  Bank  of  Kenosba 

Seth  Doan 

Kenosha 

1,000 

.  i 

H.  W.  Hubbard 

do 

2,000 

J.  G.  GottsMseqr 

1         do 

600 

■  i) 

8.  B.  ScoU  < 

!         do 

1,000 

'   ; ) 

Harvey  D.urkee 

do 

600 

r 

loba  V.  Ayer 

do 

2,500 

8amael  Hate      .   v 
Royal  B.  Towde^ 

do: 

7,600 

'; 

do; 

1,000 

1 

Mrs.  XiOui3a  Elkina 

do 

500 

1                                                        >    !. 

AaahelFarr 

do 

1,000 

■  !                                          ih 

Jamjaa  A.  i(^e;Bripau 

Somers 

1,000 

U 

Bicbard  C^pb^k 

Chittenango^  N.^Y. 

2,000 

Ann  M^  Eobin^oo.. 

Kenosha 

800 

1                            i    ^ 

Frederick  BabiafiQ»- 

do 

soo 

I     t                                     .11 
■  it . 

fc'rederick  Gage, 

do 

doo 

i                                                         '»'• 

Alonso  Campbell 

do 

19,000 

34 


KameofBanka 

Name  of  Sharebolden. 

ResideDee. 

Amooat 

Oitj  Bank  of  KenotkA-^rCOfh 

"V 

Hnued          -        -.      - 

H.  B.  Towsl«8 

Kenosha 

5,000 

Uriafa  Newman 

Somen 

8«000 

Thomas  Pricture 

ivanofiha 

1,200 

Southport  L.,  No.  1, 
I.  0.  ofO.  F. 

do 

500 

Book  Riv^r  Bank      - 

John  M.  Keep 

Beloit 

1,500 

J.  J.  Bushnell 

do      • 

Y.900 

Lucius  Q.  Ffsher 

do 

8,000 

Alfred  L.  Field 

do 

8,000 

Peter  K.  Field 

do 

800 

Mrs.  A.  G.Brinsmade 

do 

2,000 

Joseph  Emerson 

do 

1,200 

trustees  BeloR  CoVe 

do 

2,000 

A.  L,  Chapin.  O'n  of 

F.C.&  W.W.Curtis 

do 

1,200 

Amos  Sheffield 

Old  Saybrook,  Con, 
Union  District,  S.C. 

1,000 

Suptoti  W.  Ourtis 

400 

A.  W.  Root 

Elgin,  111. 

500 

T.  W.  Williams 

New  London,  Conn. 

5,000 

Tallcott  &  Co. 

Rockton.  Ill 

2,000 

W.  and  S.  Talcott    ' 

do 

600 

Miss  Mary  Lnsk 

Enfield,  Conn. 

2,000 

Miss  Careline  Lusk 

do 

2,000 

Miss  Inlia  Lusk 

do 

2,000 

Joseph  Emerson 

Rockford,  lU. 

1,200 

Stile  Bank  of  Wiaeoiildn    - 

Henry  P.  Peck 

MUwaokee 

1,000 

Joshua  Hathaway 

do 

4,5.00 

P.  W.  Hawley 

do 

2,000 

Jos.  H.  Cordes 

do 

1.000 

P.  W.  Badgley 

do  : 

5,000 

Elisha  Eldred 

do 

7,500 

John  Catlin 

do 

8,300 

Eliphalet  Cramer 

do 

7,000 

Wm.  E.  Cramer 

do 

3,000 

E.  B.  Dickermati 

do 

5,000 

John  G.  Inbush 

do 

6,000 

Anson  Eldred 

do 

9,200 

Ed*rd  A.  Broadhead 

do 

4,000 

John  D.  Inbush 

do 

4,000 

** 

Lester  Sexton 

do 

3,000 

Cyrus  Hawley 

do 

1,400 

Helen  Hawley 

do 

600 

85 


JTsiMof  BttiU 

Kama  of  Sbareholdera. 

BMidenee. 

Amount 

ftatoBuk  WiM.'-^iftmiimi^d 

Daniel  Wells,  Jr. 

Milwaukee 

• 
5,000 

Jaraes  B.  Martin 

do 

7,000 

FrankliD  Ripley 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

3,000 

H.  A.  Perkins 

Hartford,  Conn. 

2,000 

A.  L.  Oatlin 

Burlington,  Vl 

16,000 

Le  Grand  B.  Cannon 

New  York 

16,000 

0.  H.  Cramer 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

6,000 

D.  J.  Robinson 

Hartford,  Conn. 

8,000 

* 

James  Forsytb 

Troy.  N.  Y. 

1,000 

John  Cramer 

Waterford,  N.Y. 

10,000 

John  Knickerbacker 

do 

8,000 

Geo.  W.  Kirtland 

do 

8,000 

E.  Curtis 

New  York 

10,000 

Geo.  B.  Warren 

Troy,  N.Y. 

14,000 

Geo.  Henry  Warren 

do 

6,600 

Nathan  B.  Warren 

do 

1,600 

Stephen  E.  Warren 

do     ^'^ 

y,60o 

P.  C.  Cole 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

2,000 

Thomas  Belknap 

Hartford,  Conn. 

8,000 

Joseph  iM.  Warren 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

7,600 

Charles  K.  Richards. 

do 

8,300 

E.  Seymour 

Brattleboro,  Yt 

8,000 

H.  W.CUpp 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

4,000 

Mary  W.  Cannon 
C.  F.  Taber 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

4,000 

do 

8,300 

W.  H.  Warren 

Moreau,  N.  Y. 

2,600 

W.  L.  Storra 

Hartford,  Conn. 

6,000 

John  Wasburton 

do 

6,000 

Elias  Flinn 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

2,000 

Frank  Ripley  and  W- 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

1,000 

T.  Davis,  Trustees 

E.  H.  Ball 

East  Troy,  Wia. 

],000 

Abner  Peckham 

Providence^  R.  I. 

2,000 

Frank  Ripley  and  W. 

T.  Davis,  Trustees 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

1,000 

F.  &  Eldred 

JonhstowD,  Wis. 

1,000 

W.H.Warren 

Moreao,  iN.  Y. 

1,6«0 

W.  T.  Lee 

Hartford,  Conn. 

1,000 

Henry  Thompson 

Thompsonstown,  Ct 

1,000 

Y^thaon  Coanty  Bttik 

C.  G.'Harger 

Pamelia,'  N.  Y. 

36,000 

Daniel  Jone^ 

Watertown  Wis. 

14,000 

Bid^  Bute  Bank    • 

Wm.  J.  Bell 

Milwaukee 

6«800 

• 

E.  L,  Dimock 

JanesTiile 

12,600 

36 


[  name  of  Banks. 

Kamo  of  SharekoId«ra. 

Besideneo. 

4moont. 

BndgeratatdWk—eantinued 

Elisba  S.  Wadwcrtk 

Chicago^  m. 

«o,&oa 

Hadne  County  Bank] 

Henry  S.  Durand 

Racine 

3,000 

Reuben  M.  Norton 

do 

2,000 

George  C.  Northrop 

do 

2,500 

Lyman  W.  Munroe 

do 

6,000 

Horatio  B.  Miinrce 

do 

4,000 

Curliss  Mann 

Buffalo 

3,000 

Aaron  R.  Vail 

do 

2,000 

George  0.  Vail 

do 

3,030 

Nicholas  D.  Fratt 

Racine 

2,050 

John  VV.  Gary 

do 

2,000 

John  Thompson 

do 

2,000 

0.  Clement 

do 

^         500 

E.  Darwin  Munroe 

do 

1,000 

William  H.  Bennett 

do 

100 

William  P.  Brown 

do 

100 

Alexander  Mosher 

do 

200 

Hairy  Griswold 

do 

100 

Charles  P.  Bliss 

do 

100 

James  Nield 

do 

250 

James  Mather 

do 

250 

Edwin  Burgess 

d9 

250 

Heatk  ^  Dickenson 

do 

500 

Fred.  IJ.  Durand 

Rochester.  N.  Y. 

1,000 

Mrs.  Mary  H.  Cary 

Racine,  Wis. 

200 

N.  M.  Harrinjfton 

Delavaa,  « 

500 

Hannah  E.  Aikin 

Racine,    " 

600 

George  Burford 

do 

250 

Franklin  Hardy 

1  Barret,  Vt. 

200 

Mary  Cottrel             iGreonwich,  N.  Y. 

1,000 

Adam  Cottrel 

do 

1,000 

R.  H.  Bowman 

Racine 

500 

Lewis  C.  Osborn 

do 

250 

W.H.Lathrop  &  Co. 

do 

2,000 

Thos.  H.  Barret 

do 

150 

I ' 

Rebecca  Hurd 

We>t  Arlington, Vt 

1,000 

t 

W.  W.Vaughan 

Racine 

1,000 

Ellis  Price 

do 

650 

E.  Andrews  (Ex,) 

Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

1,000 

Edwin  Andrews 

do 

l^D 

Darwin  Andnews 

do 

1.000 

' 

Chester  W.  White 

Racine 

2,000 

. 

Frederick  Button 

Clarendon,  Vt 

500 

,     I   ' 

Enoch  Smith 

do 

50O 

37 


ITime  of  Banln. 

i^ame  of  Shtreholden. 

IUdd«nee. 

Amount. 

£ieme  Co.  Bank-^cnHnued 

}dorge  Capron,  jr. 

riomouthyTt. 

1500 

J.  W.  Moore 

Danby,           •* 

600 

Charles  Andrewa 

Wallinffferd,  ^ 
Clarendon,     « 

MO 

Bliaa  H.  Steward 

600 

Horace  Bi^elow 

Greenwich,  N.  T. 

1,000 

Leonard  Qibh 

do 

2,000 

ByWttter  B.  Peck 

Racine 

260 

£.  Martindale 

Wallingford,  Yt 

1,000 

Edw.  8.  Howard 

do 

2,000 

David  Dater 

Troy,  N.  Y. 

1,000 

David  Carr 

do 

1.000 

Lathan  Cornell 

do 

6,000 

Chaa.  K.  Cornell 

New  York 

6,000 

Wm.  W.  Coraell 

Troy,  New  York 

6,000 

H.  N.  Graves 

Granville     •* 

6,000 

A.  Bigelow 

Greenwich  « 

2,700 

D.  A.  Boies 

do 

600 

Horace  Cottrall 

do 

1.000 

Eliza  Basset t 

Troy,  N.Y. 

1,000 

C.W.  &  G  A. Waters 

do 

60 

H.  C.  Sheldon  ^ 

do 

1,000 

Harvey  Church* 

do 

2,000 

Chas,  H  Holden 

do 

1,000 

Svlvia  B.  Burton 

Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

1,000 

William  Dorr 

do 

600 

I.  J.  Vail 

Dorset,  Vt 

1,000 

W.  C.  Allen 

Delavan,  Wis. 

1,000 

J.  T.  Masters 

Greenwich,  N.  Y. 

2,000 

Thomas  Hill 

Granville,  N.  Y. 

600 

Daniel  Roberta 

Manchester,  Vt 

1,000 

Howard  Harris 

Wallingford,  Vt 

1,000 

F.  A.  Scofield 

Racine.  Wia. 

600 

Exehange  Baok 

William  J.  Bell 

Milwaukee 

25,000 

Elisha  Wadworth 

Chicago,  III 

25,000 

OHy  Bank  of  Racine. 

A.  McClurg 

Racine 

2a,600 

Gilbert  Koapip 

do 

6,000 

W.  U.  Wateraian 

do 

6,000 

Wm.  MoConiche 

do 

6,000 

A.  W.  Davison 

Chicago,  HI. 

5,000' 

Almira  Knapp 

Racine 

3,000 

Philo  White 

do 

2,500 

Alonzo  McConiche 

Troy,N.  Y. 

1,000 

38 


Kama  of  Banks. 

Name  of  SbarebolJer& 

Beaideooe 

Amount 

Bank  of  the  Wert     - 

Samuel  A.  Lowe 

Madison 

100,000 

Baftk  of  Commeroe  - 

G.  W.  Peckham 

Milwaukee 

40,000 

Joseph  S.  Coit 

do 

15,000 

Waller  H,  Peckham 

New  York 

16,U00 

John  Wnteon 

do 

10,000 

Ruf'is  W.  Peckham 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

10,000 

. 

P.  B.  Peckham 

Lockport,N.Y. 

10,000 

Columbia  County  Bank      - 

Snmiicl  Marf^hall 
Charles  F.  Ilsley 

Madison              > 
Milwaukee          5 

16,000 

Harrison  &  Haskell 

PorUge  City 

10,000 

Gkmuinia  Bank 

Georfxe  Papendiek 

Milwaukee 

20,000 

C.  H.  H.  Papendiek 

do 

5,000 

Bank  of  Watertown  - 

A.  L.  Pritchard 

Watertown 

15,000 

H.  W.  Claik 

do 

15,400 

L.  R   Cady 

do 

1,000 

L.  A/  Cole 

do 

1,000 

Amos  Steck 

do 

500 

John  Richards 

do 

500 

K.  W.  Cole 

do 

2,000 

John  P.  Roose 

do 

300 

Daniel  Jones 

do 

2,000 

Joseph  Moss 

Albion,  Mich. 

3,000 

Freeman  Moss 

do 

3,000 

Sam.  Med  bury 

New  Berlin,  N.  T. 

2,500 

D.  H.  White 

do 

500 

Jesse  Beardslee 

do 

1,000 

Samuel  White 

do 

1,000 

Delia  S.  White 

do 

1,000 

R.  G.  Litte 

Ooonowoc,  Wis. 

300 

Dana  Countj  Bank   • 

Levi  B.  Vilas 

Madison 

20,000 

Leonard  J.  Farwell 

do 

15,000 

N.  B.  Van  Slyko 

do 

15,000 

People's  Bank  - 

Herman  Haertel 

Milwaukee 

12,500 

E.  B.  Oreenleaf 

do 

6,300 

A.  W.  Greenleaf 

New  York 

e»200 

KtM  6t  Bboln. 


Kam«  of  8toelbold#n. 


JforOem  Bank 


Bttdc  of  Food  du  Lac  •' 


Boi  Biver  Bank  * 

0«U(«h  dity  Baiik 
lUported  July  3,  1854 
It^.S6portforJan^l85d 


OttoTanlb 
Edgar  Oonklin 
Ma^lk.C.'t)arliDg 
Keys  A.  Darling 
Morgan  L.  Maitin 
Urial  H.  Peak 

E.  S.  Wadsworth 
Wm.  J.  Bell 

A.  G.  Batler 

Job.  6.  La^ton. 

James  Kneeland   . 
David  P.  Hull    - 

B.  S,  Hiring 


Bfridence. 


Port  Howard 
Graen  Bky 
Fond  du  Lao 

do 

Green  Bay 
Fort  Howard 

Chicago,  IlL 
Milwaukee 
Fond  du  Lac 

Howard^  Wia. 

Milwaukee 
do 

jOshkoali 


Amount 


7,666  66 
V,66d  66 
7«6a0  66 
7,666  66 
0,666  68 
7,606  68 

6,260  00 

6,250  00 

12,500  00 

25,000;  Op 

25,000  00 

22,O0O  00 

3,000  00 


40 


Th4  following  Staimnent  mil  mMbit  the  number  of  Bmih  Ifoie 
impremwm  which  hum  hecn  rec&imd  al  this  office^  from  its  or* 
ffanizution  up  to  the  first  day  of  Jarmwry^  1855.     TAe  n^umher 

^(^^ivered  to  the  Banks  or  dcsirdyed^  and  the  numler  now  re- 

^^^mammg  in  the  Bank  Comptroller'' s  Office : 

m  :^-'^ ' 

81>  fHft^ 


\ 


00 

no  IK" 


Namea  of  Bttoks. 


DenominflticrD 


gUteEaiik.-, .-.*_., • , 

Bank  of  E^ciae - 

WisconiiQ  Marina  and  Fire  Iniumnce  Co. 

iRpck  EUn*r  Bonk .«,,-,- - 

Oitj  Bank  of  KenosbA . . . ^«^« .....,«._.. 
Stnt«  Uj^nk  of  Wii{:onfiD .  ^,^^.^* «- .  -  - . 

do  do         ,,,->.... 

Wisconsin  Bailk  - , , .  _  „  ^  -  - . 

Furmem  atid  MiIlerB*  Bank , 

Jeffersoa  County  Bank. .-  .^. 

Foi  River  Bank 

Badper  Stato  Bank ..*.->...., 

Bank  of  Food  da  Lac 

Eicbunge  Bank  of  Wm.  J,  Bell  (t  Co.„. 

OsbkoshCity  Bank... -- 

Radtje  Countj  Bank..,.. *-- 

City  Bank  of  Bacine ... .,,,-- 

Bank  of  IheWeet. ,,- .- 

Bank  of  Commerce ^ . .....*.. 

Columbia  Cnunty  Bank ,.,-„-^,- 

N oitliem  Bank. , . , , «., 

Germania  Bank ...,,.,.-».,. ..«...« 

Dane  County  Bank  ,,.*..... ^  ^ .  -.^ 

people'!!  Bank -, 

If  ilwauke«  Bank 

JaneaviUfl  Cit v  Bank , .....*......-... 

Bank  of  Bcloit  ,...>.... .............. 

Bai  k  of  Milwaukea  ...........#.«**.. 

HflfiiBon  Bank ^.* 

Oentrol  Bank ...^...- ... 

Uorthweiteni  Bank 

Bank  of  Watertown .«... -- 


1,  1,  %  5. 
3.  2,  3.  5. 

2.  3.  5,  Sp 
1,  %  3,  5> 
1,  J,  %  3. 

5,  ID, 
1,  9,  3,  5, 
1,  1.  2,  5. 
1.  1,  3,  5, 
1,  1,  2,  5. 
h  %  3. 
1.  %  3. 
1,  2,  3. 
1*  2,  3, 
1.  2.  3» 
1,  %  % 
1.  I.  2. 
J,  1.  2, 
1.  1,  % 
1.  1.  2, 
1,  2.  X 
1.  2,  3, 
1,  1,  2* 
1,  2,  3. 
1,  2.  5. 
1.  2,  3. 
1,  1,  2. 
1,  % 
h  h  % 

5,  10, 
li  %  3,    5, 


No,  Im- 
>ressioTifi 

3d. 


pressu 


No.  Tm- 
prtse^ionfli' 
Utstr*d  Od  band 

and     I 
DgUtM 


3, 


5,773 
4,700 
5,0i>0 
5,000 
1,200 

14,500 
2,004 
e.200 

10.300 
5,500 
6,000 
4,700 
2,400 
4.G0O 
7,000 
4.500 
4.700 

14,00B 
7.O0O 
3O0O 

5  lam 

2.500 
6,000 
3  699 
2-500 
2.300 
2,727 
3,000 
18.000 
3,r>&0 
1,S00 
5,000 


4,547 
5.000 
4.547 
7.16-4 

2.004 
6J5D 
5.656 
5.063 
2.7^0 
2276 
2,272 
2  272 
4  546 
2.416 
4.122 

5.wm 

5.445 
2.777 
4.614 
2.272 
1546 
3,571 


2,600 


153 

453 

46 

4,844 

437 

3,220 

2.424 

128 

2,328 

2,454 

2,0t?4 

578 

9,006 

J, 555 

223 

6ti6 

1,454 
128 
2.500 
2,300 
2,727 

aooo 

18.000 
1.000 
1.800 
2,335 


.i 


^ 


Thsf6Ucy>ir^giB^  Usli^,F{aU%  ^B(aJc$  Melmmm  tQ  the  Bank 
Department  of  the  State  of  Wieconsin,  am  now  deposited 
in  the  Bank  of  the  Bepuilio  of  Neo)  Tork  city. 

RacMCouniyBank         .        ^        ...       .  1,  1,  », 

Bank  of  the  W^eet        -        -        -        .        .        -  1,  1,  2, 

Bank  of  Coifamepoe li  1,  2, 

Jeffe-go^  Conntj  Baqk It  1,  8, 

Nof^,herti  jBfinfc 1,  1,  2, 

FoxRivef  Bank li  1,  2, 

Oiy  Bank  Kenoflha  -        -        -        .        .        -  1,1,3, 

SM  Baiik  al  Madison 1,  1,  2, 

;  Stab  Bank  of  WiaooBBin 1,1,2,' 

fluid  Bank  of  Wisconsin      .....  5, 

Owtual  Bm\  of  Wiacoiism  -        -        -        -        -  1,  1,  2, 

£x4iaog«Bank      .-        -        ...        .        .  1,  2,  8, 

Hoik  River  Bank    -        -        -        -        -        -  1,2,8, 


'Wusotwin  Marine  ^Fire  Insnranoe  Ctmpiaj  *        -  ^2,  3,  6, 

I  'WiflocniB  Bank      •        ^..      .        ...  1,  2,8, 

CitjBank  of  Racine  -        -        -        -        -        -  1,  2,  8,, 

Bant  of  Fond  dn  Lac      -        .        -        -        -  1,  2|  8, 
.  BaK  of  Raeinfi  -        -        ...        :        -1,2,8, 

Parneh  and  Millws' Bank       '-        •  .     "       '"  '^i  1»  2,. 
OohnAia  County  Bank        -        -        -        -        -1,1,2, 

Bad^ftate  Bank  - 1,1,2, 

Oshkish  City  Bank      -        -      '  .         -  •      .    '     -  1,  2,  8, 

Germinia  Bank -  1,  2,  8, 

Bank  >f  Watertown 1,2,8,. 

The  l^dison  Bank 1,  2, 

PeopMsBank, 1,  1,  2,    8, 

Dane  (ouotj  B^nk 1,  2,  8,    i, 

The  Mlwaukee  Bank -  1,  2,  8,    5, 

Norlhvestera  Bank  -        -*..-.  5,  10, 

The  Bak  of  Milwaukee 1,  1,  2,    5, 

The  B2%kof  Beloit 1,  2,  8,    5, 

The  JaiesTille  City  Bank 1,  2,  5,    8, 

32  Plates. 

6 


8, 
8, 

8, 
», 

8, 
5, 
8, 
10, 
8, 
5, 

8, 

8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 


13 


>kr 


List  of  Pr^denUf  ^n4  Cashiers  ^of  Batiks,  ^      /  ^ 

Names  of  Qanki.  . 

Location. 

Pr6BideBt&      / 

dAiei^. 

State  Bank  .....J 

• 
Madison...'.. 
Milwaukee  .. 

Racine 

Beloit 

Kenosha..... 
Milwaukee  .. 
Mineral  Point 
Milwaukee... 
Watertown.. 
Janesville  ... 

Oshkosh 

Rachie -..:.. 
Milwaukee 

Racine 

Madison..... -^ 
Pond  du  Lac. 
Milwaukee  .. 
Porta^  City. 
Green  Bay... 

Howard 

Watertown . . 
Milt^aukea;.. 

Madison 

Milwaukee  .. 
Milwaukee.. 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Beloit.' 

Kenosha 

Sam.  Marehall 

Alex.  Mitchell'..... 

Wra.J.Bell 

John  M.  Keep 

^lonzo  Campbell.^. 
Eliphalet  Cramer... 
C.C.  Washburn.... 

Edward  D.UoltoB.  4 
Charles G.  Harger.. 
Wm.J.Batt  ....... 

James  Kneeland.... 

R.  M.Norton 

Wm.J   BeU.. 

Gilbert  Knapp 

Sam.  A.  Lowe  ...i.. 

Wm.J.Bell 

Geo.  W.  Peckham.. 
Samuel  MaiBhall.p.^ 

Jos.  G.Lawton 

K.  A.  Darling....!. 
Albert  L.  PMtchard. 
George  Papendiek.. 

Levi  B,  Vita 

Herman  Haertel . . . 

CD.  Nash Ji. 

Bonj.  F.Moore 

G.B.  Sanderson.... 
JobnC.  CQlema^... 

J.A.  KlUi...^ 

Wis.  Mnriniei  &  Firt  Ins.  Co.  . . 
Bank  of  Raciuc-. ....... ...... 

DaVid  F'e-guson .... 
Ujenry  J.UUiban... 

Rock  River  Bank - . . . . 

A.  L-'Fiexi 

City  Bunk  of  Kerrt^sha 

State  Bank  of  Wisconsin 

Wisconsin  Kank 

8bi».  U.&Dtt 

M.S.Scot  ........ 

Cyrus  Wcodman... 

H.H.Ca«p. 

Daniel  Joies 

E.  L  DiDook. 

B.  S.  Heniinf.. 

Geo.  C.  Northlrop... 
James  ^ielldgg... 

Alex.  McCluig 

Wm.  L.Ei«8dale... 

Farmers  <&  Miller's  Bank 

Jefferson  County  Bank 

Badger  State  Bank 

Oshk.whCity  Bank 

Racine Coanty  Bank :. 

Szchap^  Bank..!- ,. 

City  Bank  of  llacine 

Bank  xrf  the  WesLt .. .  .*".*. . 

Bank  of  FondWu  liac 

Bank  of  Commerce '..... 

AbraraG  Butler... 
Joh  S.Udt.. 

Columbia  County  Bank 

Fox  River  Bank 

Northern  Bank...w i. 

H.S,HaMI 

Francis  lesnoyer  .  - 
R(>hertOteppeU.... 
Wm.H.(lark 

Germania  Bank...... ". 1. 

C.  H.H  Vpendiek. 
2!(.B.VaiSlylEe.... 
0.  B.  Grenleaf 

Dane  County  Banjc 

People's  Bank 

Banker  Mllwj^ikee* 

Bank  of  the.  Northwest  • 

Bank  of  Beloit  •  J 

P.S.  Pe*%..L 

4ug.  G  iugglos... 

KinoshaCaun^Bank* 

J.  H/jqulMaL 

*  Oiganized  tiace  Januaiy  Is^  18SI» , 


r^ 


/ 


-£^ 


'i 

\ 


i 


ANNUAL!  REPORT 


09  THB 


€mmsmm  d  %  ^late  f  nsM, 


OV  THB 


STATE  OP  WISCONSIN, 


fOR  THE  T£AB  1854. 


MADISON: 

BEBIAH  BROWN,  PBDTTBB. 

1855. 


REPORT. 


To  His  Exoeluekot  William  A.  Babstow, 

Chvemorof  Wiecannn: 

In  pnrBnance  of  my  official  dnty^  as  prescribed  bj  section  S^^of 
chapter  477,  of  the  Session  Laws  of  1863,  the  imder«igned,'Oom- 
missionerfof  the  State  Prison  of  the^  State  of  Wisconsin,  begs 
leaye  to  present  the  following  report  of  the  affiurs  and  condition 
of  said  Prison  for  the  year  1854 : 

Whole  No.  of  convicts  confioed  in  the  prison  from  January 
Ist,  ISfH  to  the  STst  day  of  Deeember/iaffi.  105 

Of  irhich  num.  there  were  here  on  the  Ist  day  of  Januaryi 

,    1854,  69 

Num.  of  conrictB  received  into  the  pnaon  from  January  Iti, 

1854,  to  December  Slat,  1854,  46 

Nam.  of  male  priaonerB  reoeired  during  the  year,  4fi 

«    female           «                      "  9 

Nwau  of  prisonerB  discharged  on  expiration  of  term,  2 

**                **                    Oovemor'B  pardon,  9f 

■ynioh  nnm.  discharged  daring  the''year,  04 

It^um.  of  male  piisoners  diBchaiged,  '  91 

''    female            «  9 
Of  the  prisoners  who  were  here  on  the  1st  of  Jaaaaiy,  1854v 

there  were  discharged  on  pardon                                    '  *  ^ta 

bf  the  prisoners  who  were  here  on  the  Ist  of  January,  1854, 
'there  were  discharged  on  expiration  of  term,  t 


Of  the  priiMifrf  raodTad  hoe  dariog  the  jmt  there  were 

discharged  on  pardon,  6 

Of  the  Ko.  of  prieonera.  diacharged  on  pardon,*  there  were 

dieeharged  one  day  hSffk^  fz^^tiaf^n  ^f  fdrm,  10 

Of  the  No.  of  prisonere  diacharged  on  pardon  there  were 
diacharged  from  two  months,  to  eighteen  montha  before 

expiration  of  term,  13 

Whole  No.  of  priaonera  now  here  on  the  Slat  day  of  Dee. 

1854,  71 

Of  which  No.  there  were  here  on  tl^e  let  of  Jan.  1854,  81 

do           do           do    receifad  here  daring  t^e  year.  40 

tl 

V&af^SMld^rlaenHli  fMr'kco^  fO 

•^o    ftaiii^   '^0      Ido  ft 

a^niiesjrcm  tAAip44A#  JPHwm^  «¥W  *«r^J  ipr»  mnt 

Milwank^  41 

Varqnette^  9 

Dodge,  ^4 

Iftoek,  e 

^tbcine^  ^ 

feink,  I 

%enoaha,  % 

^MAj[,  1 

^Inmbia^  1 

IVankcaha,  4 

Dane^  8 

Jcffcraof^  -8 

^Naukea^  4 

Waahin|t(q^  1 

tl 


Orin^fcf  which  Priaaneranow  hereio&r^  fimiTinf  iff  iiff^,  ^^is\np$i 


Hardtf  in  the  lit  degree 

(in  daring  lifiBk) 

Murder  in  the  2d  dq^ree, 

do 

Harder  in  the  8d  degree^ 

Menalanghter  in  the  let  d^gree^ 

Hanelaaghter  in  the  Sd  degiee^ 

Burglary, 

8 

Bape, 

Larceny, 

Kobbeiy, 

Paseing  counterfeit  money, 

JBmbezslement  or  robbing  mail, 

Uttering  eoanterfeit  bilb, 

Peijuif 

fiouaebreaking^  with  intent  to  commit  huctny, 

Having  in  poaBeaaion  coaoterfeit 

money, 

Feageiy, 

Sarglary  and  Laroeny, 

.    ' 

Larceny  in  dwelling-hoaaeb 

Laroen  y  in  ahop, 

Aaaault  with  dangerona  weapona,  wiQi  intent  to  tta^ 

Adultery  WiAfAlu|[ht)lt; 

^ 

1 

TVadea  or  OooupaUan  qf  Ptis(m0r$  now  here. 

Oarpenten^  i 

Farmers,  Ig^ 

Blackamitba^  4 

Shoemaken^  $, 

Barbers,  % 

Pedlera,  S 

Engineer,  1 

Sttlors,  4 

Tinsmith^  .  S 

Uanna^  S 

Oook,  1 


}  \ 


**^  Clefgymtn, 

Seatnstreas,  /    , ;  »  j 

Laboren,  '     ^ 

Cabinet-maker, 
Baker, 
Bnck-maker, 
Engraver, 
Butchers, 
StoDe-cutter, 
Overseer  on  railroad, 
Phjeician, 
I  Painter,  ,       ' 

Paper-folder, 

Fiaherman,  ^ 

Hotel-waiter,  , 

Jeweller, 

No  trade  or  ooenpation  reported,  (females,) 

t  n 

Places  of  Nalnmity  of  the  Prisoners  now  here. 

United  States^  83 

Canada,  1 

Ireland,    ^   '    '      ^  13 

England,  2 

German  States,  18 

Holland,  1 

Free  City  of  Hamburgh,  1 

Waks,  1 

Bom  on  the  Atlantio  Ocean,  1 

t 

J 


"   16 

a 

M 

20 

Ct 

«   20 

(4 

"a 

2S 

iC 

"  26 

M 

u 

80 

IC 

"   80 

U 

a 

36 

C( 

-  35 

« 

u 

40 

M 

-  40 

M 

u 

45 

tt 

*♦  46 

U 

u 

SO 

tt 

•*   60 

u 

u 

fiS 

M 

a    «5 

tc 

u 

60 

t( 

*  60 

.< 

u 

66 

« 

7 

?itm  9  jean  of  ago  to  16  yean  of  age,  3 

12 
16 
16 
1 
6 
4 
4 
1 
2 
1 

71 


MENTAL  CULTIVATION  OF  THE  PRISONERS. 


Cf  the  prisoners  now  here  cibofUit  one  fourth  of  them  possess  mor^ 
than  a  common  eduoation. 

Number  who  can  read  and  write  70 

Nmnber  who  can  neither  read  nor  write  1 

.  When  I  took  charge  of  the  prison,  in  January  last,  there  were 
rDBHj  of  the  younger  class  of  prisoners  who  could  read  but  very 
poorly,  and  had  never  written  a  word  in  their  lives.  I  have  deem- 
ed it  my  duty  to  use  all  proper  means,  consistent  with  my  position, 
to  effect,  if  possible,  an  improvement  in  the  mental  and  moral  con- 
dition of  the  convict,  and  with  that  object  in  view,  I  induced  a 
large  number  of  them  to  devote  such  hours  as  were  not  occupied 
in  the  employ  of  the  state  in  the  study  of  reading,  writing  and 
arithmetic,  under  the  instruction  of  teachers  appointed  from 
among  the  convicts,  and  in  presence  of  one  or  more  of  the  prison 
officers.  The  experiment  has  proved  successful  beyond  my  moat 
sanguine  expectations,  and  the  result  is  indeed  gratifying.     Snob 


convicts  as  haye  teifi  tfiw iodncadto  ■i^%ai(9fi>rt  for  improTO- 
ment  have  made  rapid  progress,  in  all  the  studies  ahoye  named, 
and  ^ile  thej  haye  been  laying  np  a  little  Btare  of  praotSeat  edn- 
cation,  to  be  nsed,  we  hope,  for  good  ptirposee  in  the  fttttxre,  the 
effect  has,  to  a  very  great  extent,  been  efficacious  in  softening 
down,  the  rough,  dogged  manner  of  the  criminal  into  the  more  obe- 
diently submissive  conduct  of  the  convict. 

Wlile  I  am  upon  this  branch  of  my  re{»ort,  I  wish  to  state,  that 
a  lar^  majority  of  those  prisoners  who  Jiave  been  disobliged  by 
yirtne  of  executive  interposition  were  discharged  only  oaii^  dkj  be- 
fore tlie  expiration  of  their  sentence,  fo^  the  purpose,  m  I  have 
been  led  to  understand,  of  restoring  them  to  the  rights  of  citizen- 
ship. 

And  here  allow  me  to  suggest,  that  for  an  established  custom, 
the  exercise  of  tbis  prerogative,  on  the  part  of  the  executive  of  the 
state,  is  calculated  to  work  a  great  moral  and  general  good  in  the 
condition  of  the  discharged  convict,  and  acts  as  a  great  incentive 
towards  a  better  course  of  conduct  during  the  term  of  his  confine- 


Perhaps  two-thirds  of  the  prisoners  who  haye  been  confined  in 
the  prison  since  its  establishment  and  organization,  and  pf  those 
that  are  now  here,  are  ^fery  yoimg  men,  w|^o,  in  an  unguarded 
hour,  under  the  influences  of  evil  associations,  and  vicious,  aban- 
doned company,  have  committed  the  first  crime  in  their  Kves,  that 
might  have  subjected  them  to  the  severer  penalties  attached  to  tlr^ 
criminal  laws  of  our  state« 

.  Since  my  connection  with  the  prison  there  has  not  been  »cp^< 
idct  released  but  has  voluntarily,  and  I  feel  cwfident,  with  ];ieafi^ 
fisit  sincerity,  expressed  a  firm  determination  to  lead  an  himeiyti 
Upright  life^  and  use  to  his  own  credit,  and  the  benefit  of  aoci^tj;, 
his  restoration  to  that  place  among  men  which  he  had  forfeite4  Igf 
hie  own  act,  ccnnmitted  against  the  public  wellbeiog  and  the,  laiWI 
of  the  stata^  I  am  infi/rmed  that,  with  one  or  to  exceptional^  thw 
diterminaticp  hae  been  sacredly  adhered  to. 


If  t)ie6ft  impiUMB  M«.6Uicerelj  teltf^  I  sm  conttrajned  to  1>eli6r« 
tliMtbcktnie  dmff^  of  panUkmeot,,  and  the  princij^les  of  publia 
JA^tice,  are  l]|7  no  means  adv^aaced  by  sending  the  couvict  out 
mfin  upon  tbe  wor]d  as  a  branded  feloni  doomed  to'  suffer^  wi^* 
qxit  any  mitigating  consideraMon^  the  entailed  oonsequences  of  his  * 
crime  forevery.  without  any  possible  inducement  to  gain  a  resp^ti^ 
ble  name  among  his  fellow  men. 


'Tke/oUmrinj^€tcaem§n£'millsAofmiA^  amount  of  moMy 
iymdfrcm  M  $owtMaiwiiiig  ih$  <nmrMtyiafts  andiJUdu^ 
hjvrwfMmik  isf  tAe  same. 

IM.   4^  IBM,  tUa*d ftom 8M»  TtaMiT«  oa>pp«>pf»tioii«f  IMS  tS^Stf  76 


Mm,  18,  do 

d» 

d» 

do 

'Sj84'M    9k0ial* 

AfK  i<a,  do 

«9 

d» 

do. 

1864^    ZfiOfk 

Mj,   «d* 

dp 

d» 

4» 

do        <(M 

CM.  H4* 

d* 

d* 

do 

do         S«0 

Dm.    «»,d0 

do 

d» 

do 

do         30Q 

Ami  of  aAwmtiwei  from  the  rcnoiM 

priaoB  akope  during,  the  jrev,    60$  11 

|1&,494  •» 

jAsburtemetUf. 

Ibavapiid'OD  thooU  dsM  sC  iWPiisoii!  eoattasUd  bj  ^-coi»r 

ittkiioDer  Brown,  #lf,90t  It^ 

L^TOg  a  balance  of  all  moneys  recei?ed,  to  be  expended  on  es^? 

|iena«  of  current  year,  G^7M  8e 

Which  haUm^ie  Aoi  leen^  e9open€hda$^  foUo^og : 

Vfr  wood  and  proTision^  lltOO^ 
d6  Labor,  (pay  of  officers,)  l^SOO 
do  Paid  on  contract  for  digging  artesion  well,  20 1  Sf 
do  Shop  tools  for  the  yarious  prisoa  shops,  leathsr  aad  shoe  find- 
ings, sheet  iron  and  tm,  2,084  26 

5,78S  M 
^Ltnonnt  paid  on  pid  debtiss  abore^,  ]ff,foa'  tV 

I^  all  of  wUeh  proper  voocfaen  are  on  flis  iatbeoommisrionei'ff 

•fin  $18,494  VI 

a 


10 

In  recurring  to  the  report  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the 
legislature  at  its  last  session  to  investigate  the  affairs  of  the  Pri- 
son for  the  past  year  (1853,)  yon  will  find,  that  so  far  as  they  were 
.able  to  ascertain  from  the  evidence  which  was  placed  before  them, 
tbey  reported  the  indebtedness  of  the  prison  for  that  year,  up  to 
the  1st  of  January,  1854,  at  about  $12,100.  There  have  been  de- 
mands made  upon  me  by  many  individuals,  upon  claims  against 
&e  state  on  account  of  the  prison,  for  the  year  1863,  backed  by 
the  most  incontrovertible  vouchers ;  and  in  all  cases  where  such 
vouchers  have  been  presented,  I  have  paid  the  demands. 

Hiere  were  also  some  palpable  mistakes  on  the  Prison  books  tot 
that  year,  which,  when  corrected,  enlarged  the  demands  of  per^ 
sons,  and  I  assumed  to  pay  the  corrected  demands.  You  will  per- 
ceive, that  in  following  tihis  course,  I  have  paid  about  $600  more  of 
the  old  indebtedness  than  was  reported  by  the  legislative  commit- 
tee ;  and  I  feel  quite  confident  that  all  claims  against  the  state  oil 
account  of  the  Prison  for  the  year  1853,  are  paid  in  full. 

T%e  following  staiemerU  will  show  the  indebtedness  of  the  Prison 
for  the  current  year.    (1854.) 

Am't  of  iDdebtedness  of  the  Prison  fbr  the  ounent  year,  1854 

Of  which  aniouat  there  is  due  on  officers*  labor 

On  outstaDding  orders  given  for  labor,  provisioDSybuilding  fence  <kc. 

do  Prison  Physician's  account 

do  Chaplain's  do 

do  Sewing  done  for  Prison 

do  Block  stone  delivered  in  Prison  yard  on  oontraot 

do  Wood  and  provisions 

do  Lumber 

do  QlasB,  paints,  <&c. 

4o  Leather 

do  Oil,  lamps,  6cc, 

do  Work  with  man  and  team 

do  Pump  pipe     , 

Preparing  pumps 

Solder 

Slone  coal 

Menshandize^  including  hardware,  dotbing,  books,  sutionery,  Ac, 

Patttems  for  new  Prison  and  stove  plates 

17,188  12 


$17,188  72 

5'984  81 

3,428  81 

279  87 

98 

17  29 

1,186  31 

1,444  59 

37  la 

15  80 

488  89 

149  50 

989 

30  02 

4 

15  58 

106  28 

8,000  50 

19  87 

11 

The  foUcmng  $tatemenU  mil  show  the  im^mnfemente  v>hich  hm>e 
^  heen  made  foithm  the  primm  yard  hy  eomnot  labor^  and  the 
earnings  qf  the  eonvioU-m  the  various  shopSj  as  also  thefTopert/y 
naio  on  hand^  which  has  been  purchased  dwring  the  year.  AU 
qf  which  is  presented,  as  offsets  to  the  indebtedness  of  the  current 
year. 

New  bpiiding  for  carpenter,  Bhoe,  tin,  tailor  and  barber  shops  $1 ,000 

Finisbiog  roof  to  stone  shop  and  wire  to  screen  stone  shop  win- 
dow frames  for  same  and  glass  fiO 
Addition  to  blacksmith  shop  and  building  3  chimneys  and  cat 

stone  foige 
Gate  keeper^s  honse 
Bepairii^  warden's  and  matron's  apartments,  paint  shop,  goaid 

houses,  out  houses^  cow  stable,  vaults^  drains,  Ac, 
Work  made  to  order  in  carpenter's  shop 

do    done  for  c<^ntractor  Reinhard  in  carpenter's  shop 

do      do  do         Prondfit  do  do 

do      do    to  order  in  paint  Aof 

do      do   for  contractor  Tajlor  in  paint  shop 

do    made  to  cider  in  tin  shop. 

do     done  for  contractor  Tajlor  in  tin  shop 

do      do    do  Sterkweather  k  Co.  do    do 

do    made  to  order  in  shoe  shop 
Work  made  in  blacksmith  shop  to  older, 

do    done  for  contractor  Proudfit  in  same, 

do        do  do        Ackerman  in  same 

do        do  do        Proudfit,  in  stone  shop  and  on  building 

do        do  do        Taylor,  on  artesian  well 

Soote,  aboeii  leaUker  and  shoe,  findings  on  hand 
Poiky  iovf,  esnm  nMal  and  other  piOTJsiona  on  hand 
OlotUngi  eiMh  and  new  bedding 


200 

200 

100 

6S7  CO^ 

338  20 

64  85 

68  96- 

77  77 

84  67 

84  08 

87  87 

491  42 

187  15 

281  9& 

Ml   47 

8,238  OS 

IS  17 

160  . 

850 

SCO 

SbYtt  sod  {npe  ftnr  Ae«r  jmrnm^  cupante,  ihoeaiiltiir^  iSm  Atfp  Miv 
OirpeDter'a,  tinner's,  Macksmit&X  •bx>eiDal:en^  taQorXpiintai^  bar- 


ber^s  toob  and  farming  utensils,  purchased  within  the  year 

800 

Book  oase  for  prison  Hbrarjr 

«0 

Five  cows 

150 

Hogs^  large  and  small 

a5 

Block  stone 

i,iw  at 

Oil  and  Iamp%  ^ 

14»0O 

Books  of  account,  for  Prison 

80 

do    for  prison  librarf 

100 

Work  benches  for  the  Tarionaffhopt 

40 

Fihir  iron  doors  for  old  prison 

H9 

Okuldron  ketUe 

ro 

Scrap  iron  on  hand. 

60 

Lard,            do 

20 

RsBs^  on  the  prison  farm,        (NX)  bu*.  potallMs^ 

1k^ 

»50 

do               do               200    do  ears  of  corn 

HM 

8  BO 

do               do                1(^  tons  of  fodder, 

flO,  oats     180 

do               do                    ganhn  regatablar 

1^5 

lA^S4i  11 

Indebtedness  brought  forward, 

17,188  It 

(MseU  deducted, 

112,44  l» 

|4|894  55 

It  will  be  seen  hj  the  abonre^  thftt  tbe  cost  of^  0iipportiiig  fhe^ 
prleemers  and  prisoa  eotabliahflawni  Of  ev  and  abttno  Ika  Mumittgar 
of  tho  Friion  the  past  year  is  %f^^W^  t^. 


u 

fl^iMft  \o>mjj  Hiat  at  iMst  from  twmtf  (p  tirirty  peroBht  «f 
Ifctf  atare  would  hav«  bMn  Mted  tf  the  wnlraetoiii,  when  thejr 
put  im  tlielr  ftCfouiB^  «otild  iMTe  tein  Mrs  tk«t  tbej  would  gilt 
their  pay  according  to  -the  oondiUons  of  their  oootracts,  and  if  we 
hftd  had' mon^-top^y. for  thorn  articles  not  contracted  for,  'and 
Ibat  wfo  ooQid  9ot  QODtract  for,  nor  do  without  when  we  bought 
them.  Another  fatal  consequence  arising  fron>  the  nnavoidahle 
want  of  punctoality  on  the  part  of  the  Cpramissionery  in  granting 
payments  as  they  became  due»  by  the  conditions  of  contracts 
entered  into,  results  in  the  fact,  that  none  who  know  the  lack  of 
finance  in  the  prison  will  put  in  proposals  for  furnishing,  except 
fQch  as  are  pecuniarily  ablo  to  wait  the  slow  pay  day  which  ia 
niost  sure  to  come.  ^Vhile  many  good  men  would  venture  to  put 
IB  bids  for  such  furnishing  if  they  conid  be  suro  of  their  pay 
quarterly.  Under  the  circamstanceB,  the  few  with  ready  capitcA 
alone  bid,  and  make  the  idea  of  general  competition  in  the  mat- 
ter a  mere  farce;  and^  consequently,  almost  all  articles  purchased 
under  contract,  are  paid  as  highly  fur,  and,  perhaps,  in  many  in* 
stances,  more  highly  than  if  bought  on  private  bargain. 

I  would,  therefore,  most  earnestly  but  respecifnlly  ask,  that  the 
funds  necessary  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  prison  be  kept 
on  hand^  in  order  that  the  Commissioner  may  be  able  to  fulfil  any 
cpnditioa  of  the  contracts  entered  into  on  the  part  of  the  state^ 
and  also  to  purchase  such  other  articles  as  we  must  have,  and  that 
we  are  una.ble  to  contract  for  under  existing  circumstances,  or 
el9e  repeal  that  part  of  the  law  that  requires  the  Oommisaioner  to 
advertise  for  propesaUi.  and  let  the  contracts  for  supplying  the 
Prison  to  the  lowest  and  best  bidder. 

As  die  law  now  stands,  the  Commissioner  has  has  no  right  to 
IpiBPclUHaa'mDgle  article  fer  the  Pkison  wkboitt  finii  adveiAiaing 
JMnjii  if  Mnlij,^aaBiiri>taift  the  artieh»ireyiifed  upon  ^eUntfttet,.  aai 
under  existing  circumstances  with  a  full  knowledge  on  the  fMlrttef 
A^tpfl^ple^  tiMt  Ibam  imiM  omief  im^e.  Mamry,  ot"  ikl>tlle  handa 
•lithe  ^MMwkuonw  te/payillieiia  4ar  wba*  Ibcgr'ivwnia  icoiiti«ot<i^ 
ilwii)i|ia»ftitlri^Hih<iHrtnMtaiBt>haa  <clk«k  mA  te,  4lM|p  mm 


u 

Dot)  in  many  eases  prppose  at  alL  In  Boch  ctae  the  la>vr  reqoires 
the  Oommissioner  to  adrertise  again.  In  the,  mean  timeijuaoy  of 
the  articles  needed,  and  for  which  the  CommisBioner  ad7erti8e8  for 
proposals  to  famish,  must  be  had  without  delaj. 

And,  agaiD,  thd  strongest  propability  is,  that  no  one  will  pro^ 
pose  at  all,  for  the  reason  that  there  is  no  money  to  pay  them  if 
they  shduld  enter  into  contract. 

Again,  if  they  do  propose  and  they  get  the  contract,  the  day 
conditioned  for  payment  arrives,  and  unless  their  demand  is 
satisfied,  they  are  of  course  disappointed,  and  depending,  as  in 
most  cases  they  are  necessitated  to  do,  upon  the  means  that  accrue 
from  the  business  they  are  engaged  in,  to  progress  with  the  fulfil- 
ment of  their  contract,  they  in  turn  must  necessarily  disappoint  the 
party  contracted  with,  and  when  complaints  or  threats  are  made 
to  them,  they  will  say  the  ^^  state  has  not  fulfilled ;"  and  when  it 
does,  it  will  be  time  enough  for  you  to  find  fault.  In  the  mean 
time,  dinner  hour  arrives,  and  seventy-five  or  eighty  prisoner^  are 
not  apt  fully  to  appreciate  the  financial  trouble  that  prevents  them 
getting  it. 

I  would,  therefore,  most  respectfully  recommend  in  the  event 
of  there  being  no  money  in  the  treasury,  that  that  part  of  the  law 
which  requires  the  Commissioner  to  advertise]  for  proposals  and 
let  the  contr«^;t  for  supplying  the  Prison  to  the  lowest  bidder  un- 
der all  circumstances,  bo  repealed,  because  the  Commissioner 
cannot  live  up  to  it,  and  must  needs  violate  it,  for  without  money, 
one  half  of  the  articles  needed  at  the  Prison  will  not  be  proposed 
for  at  all,  and  those  that  are,  will  be  at  hi^  prices. 

'    i   ■  ',  .  •  • 

.     .  SOUTH  WJNG. 

]  The  south  wing  of  the  new  Prison  is  nearly  completed/vad  wil^ 
be  ready  for  n^  lind  ocoopancyin  the  oowseoC  two  orrt)ire<^ 

WQieka.      '>'■'■'  ■     •'     ^  ...,':: 

■i  This  butidiag  was  eommenced;froiii  th&;foimdttioa  qui  th»  14th 
^y  of  April,  and  yfsA  prosecuted  with[  nnoeasing  vigor  hf  all  'th« 
boixtr%etors/6figag«diit its  erectioaif  aad^  taken  ip  ilid^  s6)M»ali 


15 

from  the  main  building  and  other  wing,  as  laid  down  in  the  plan 
of  building  the  whole  Prison^  it  is  a  most  beautiful  structure,  and 
a  credit  to  the  builder  and  the  state ;  indeed,  I  am  constrained  to 
say,  that  there  is  not  a  better  building  for  its  purpose  in  the  whole 
Union.  Its  foundation  is  laid  upon  the  solid  rock,  ten  feet  below 
the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  it  is  built  after  the  enlarged  plan 
contemplated  by  the  legislature  at  its  last  session — two  hundred 
feet  in  length,  by  fifty  feet  in  width  in  the  clear,  and  contains  two 
hundred  and  eighty-eight  cells. 

I  cannot  let  the  occasion  pass,  without  awarding  to  the  various 
contractors  who  have  been  employed  upon  the  building,  the  justly 
deserved  credit  of  having  unsparingly  exerted  themselves  to  do 
justice  to  the  state  as  well  as  to  themselves  in  the  prosecution  of 
the  work. 

The  contract  for  furnishing  the  stone,  brick,  Ac,  and  all  mMe- 
rial  for  laying  the  same,  was  entered  into,  on  the  part  of  the  state, 
by  my  immediate  predecessor,  Ex-Commisaioner  Brown,  with  An- 
drerw  Proudfit,  Esq.,  conditioned  to  pay  as  follows : 

For  furnishing  cut  stone  and  laying  the  same,  per  perch,  |13  95 
**  rough  t<  a  2  92i 

«  brick  "         •      «     per  1000        9  7«» 

For  placing  all  iron  in  the  building,  per  pounds  0  08* 

As  early  in  the  past  spring  as  practicable,  I  entered  into  con- 
tracts on  the  part  of  State,' for  doing  all  the  other  work  necessary 
to  the  completion  of  the  building,  with  diflferent  individuals,  as 
follows : 

With  John  N.  Ackerman,  Esq.,  for  making  and  preparing  all 

the  iron  work,  at  the  rate  of  3  4-10  cents  per  pound,  $  03  4-10 

With  John  Taylor,  Esq.,  for  famishing  all  cast  iron  neceasary 

at  the  rate  of  6^  cents  per  pound,  06^ 

do  do  for  making  sheet  iron  rentilatora  at 

8  cents  per  pound,  08 

de  do  for  doing  all  painting  and  glazing,  and 

fuin'ing  materials,  inelading  glass,     005  00 


1ft 

ytnOk  JAn  Taylor,  Bsq.»  for  titmiDg  roof,  and  fbmubbg  ma- 
terial, per  aqnara^  11  ^ 

do  do  for  nuiking  conductor  from  roo(  and 

fumiahing  material,  per  foot,  40 

Whh  Win.  Beinhaid,  Ett^^  fer  doing  all  the  oarpoDter  and 

joiner's  work,  and  fumiahiqg 
a]l  material,  ezcq>t  lumber,     l^OOO  00 
do  do  for  doing  all  hthing  and  plaatar- 

lag  and  furnishing  all  mate- 
rial, per  sqoare  yard,  t5 

13ie  iron  was  fumithed  by  J.  S.  Sherwood,  Eaq^  under  contraofc 
made  with  Commierioner  Brown,  at  an  average  rate  per  fb  of  06 

The  lumber  was  mostly  furnished  by  James  K  Smith,  Esq^ 
nnder  contract  alto  madn  with  Oommiisioxier  Biown,  at  an 
aieri^  nte  per  thousand  of  It  00 

fbe  kdw  wem  fumiskad  by  ▲.  Pfandft,.  Eaq^  under  oonlnel 
made  with  myself  ftf  iCell  locha  at  the  mte  of  $^  rS7;^ 

Eor  all  larger  locks,  at  the  rate  of  0  50 

Tbe  following  abBtrflct  of  the  eBtimateamadeont  for  the  Tsriona 
oontitactort),  ntfall  lahow  the  expense  of  building  the  Sooth  Wing 
tf  ^he  Priaon,  ^pta the 86th  day  nT  laitKoroniiier. 


IT 


ABSTRACT  (rf  JEktmaUstaafihautforihe  Canira0tonH^^ed 
miuUdwgthe  South  Wing  of  the  newpnapn^  ahotoing  t/^  eoff 
^  erecting  and  finishu^  the  sam^  : 


Kkae^tfC'cblMettt^ 


ilHtiE«tlBM|to«f  Andrfiw  Prondfit 
SwuimI      do  du 

Tlurd        d*  -  do 

Ifwph     da  dp 

Tifdk '       d6  do 


9lMliSitiirolB9r  JF.  &  akenmoU, 
8«QiiiKi '    do  do 

tttifd*       do^  do 

i99rth     do  do . 


Vim  Sfltioialo  of  John  Taylor. 
vcHSmta      vb '  do 

Third        d*  do         . 

YoQith      do  do  . 


do 
do 


S^e-^ad     da 
iridftt       ^ 


VIrgfc  Ertlnmto  of  Jamv  JC  Qibitfi 
ioeoad     da  do 

Thicd       da  da 


Dm 


flaeHOii     do 


of  Wn.  IteiDhmd, 
do 
do 


-nUbk 


Toliil junotiiitor  SUto  Liability  vp 
'    W'MV*  tt,  l^&4.  oTwworfc  fur 


As 


#13.875  39 

i4.0H  41 
fi9.!l93  31 
33!H>9  92 
10.770  J8 
736  3(i 


0 

1! 


103>800  76 


516  »9 
5^51  60 

193  J5 


l^io  21 


78PJ31. 
SSn  63 
Sd^li 
1.997  11 


40M>  17 


SI12  13 

£84  9*i 
837  2-i 


13H  26 


970  7;» 
S92  3d 
142  97 


MOG  10 


330  00 
140  63 
400  00 


870  63 


119J12  12 


$4.426  77 

3.135  !)0 
OJId  74 
2.7.J6  49 
l.OtiO  91 


20.4dd  81 


]4'65 
7^4)2 

111  83 


201  56 


92  72 
223  00 

261  79 


577  60 


59  26 

33  01 

103  24 


)95  60 


21,463  47 


•  u 


597  19 

1.U94  41 

1,2*^0  23 

964  57 

241  04 


4.137  87 


1220 

46  19 
74  79 


133  18 


WW 
124  33 
172^ 


366  21 


41  37 
26  12  } 
50  00 


19.851  6$ 

9,784  10 

19.834  i3t 

^0.259  m 

9.44^3 

756  3^ 


7K8^  61 


5.r^l  60 

it733  « 

193  1^ 


8.295  ^t 

810  91 

t.807  50 


M7I  42 


537  59 


tto0  4S 

l7r75 
292  38 
4«9? 


1406  la 


229  37 

246  n 


J16^      .  W.6d 


4,753  23  '  93j0i5'« 


M,W» 


18 

So  far  as  I  bave  been  able  to  make  an  estimate,  the  cost  for  fd^ 
nishing  the  building  from  the  28th  of  Kovember  last  to  its  filial 
completion  will  not  vary  much  from  $5000. 

I  wish  here  to  impress  upoy  your  m  ind,  and  through  you,  upon 
the  attention  of  the  legislature,  the  imperatiye  necessity  of  pro- 
ceeding immediately  with  the  erection  of  the  main  building  of  the 
prison.  The  offices,  guard  rooms,  chapel,  hospital  and  cook  room 
should  be  in  immediate  communication  with  the  building  occu- 
pied by  (he  prisoners.  As  it  is,  all  these  necessary  oonveniences  , 
being  in  the  old  prison  are  situate  some  ten  or  fifteen  rods  fiotti 
the  new,  and  when  the  fact  is  taken  in  consideration,  that  the  vic- 
tuals of  the  prisoners  must  be  cooked  in  the  old  prison  and  car- 
ried those  ten  or  fifteen  rods  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  that  the  de- 
tached position  of  the  offices  and  guard  rooms,  render  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  night  watch  less  efie<^tive,  that  marching  the  prison- 
ers from  the  new  building  to  the  old,  for  the  purpose  of  attending 
divine  worship  on  the  Sabbath,  is  fraught  with  imminent  danger 
of  escape.  I  cannot  but  think,  that  the  amount  which  must  be 
appropriated  for  the  building  will  have  no  weight  in  coo^pansooi 
with  the  importance  and  necessity  of  its  erection. 

I  have  asked  the  opinion  of  competent  mechanics,  as  to  what 
the  probable  cost  of  the  main  building  would  be  and  am^eoorineed 
that  the  expense  is  pretty  accurately  shown  by  the  following  esti- 
mate. 

*  Length  of  main  bailding  of  the  new  prison,  eighty  fe«t, 
WHh  of  main  building  of  the  new  prison,  fifty-two  ^t 
Height  above  the  batement  atoiy,  fifty  feet 

^1  cords  of  cut  stone,  inclading  Iayin|r  of  samsi  $60,  |5,8t0  00 

ise  cords  of  rough  stone,  1,816  00 

Laying  rough  stone  and  brick,  8,868  00 

SOO,000  briok»              ^  1,5Q0  00 

Lathing  and  plasterhig,  including  lath,  1,780  00 

1,100  barrels  of  lim€^  885  00 

40,000  bttdieb  sand,  6d,  3,690  00 


'  Mo»w 

800  00 

1,600  00 

*00  00 

1,200'  00 

19' 

d«rpeiit«r  work  and  boilditig  roof,  m  on  aouUi  wtag,  bidudliig  > 

matoritl. 
Ohm,  painty  nails,  loeks^  door  hangings,  and  hanging  doon, 
Iron  and  iron  work, 
Pttnlang  and  glazing, 
Excavation  for  foundation,  complete, 

125,450  OO 

I  am  fully  confident  that  the  bnjllding  can  be  erected  bj  conyict^ 
labor  for  one-half  of  what  it  would  if  put  under  contract^  apd  with, 
the  above  amount  appropriated  and  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Commiasioner,  I  am  sure,  beyond  a  doubt,  that  it  would  cover  am-, 
ply  every  cent  of  expenao  which  the  building  would  be  to  the. 
State,  exclusive  of  convict  labor. 

In  recurring  to  the  law  organizing  the  prison,  there  is  another 
proviaion  in  it,  the  repeal  of  which,  I  think,  is  demanded  by  the 
best  interests  of  the  state.  I  allude  to  that  which  prohibits  the. 
comptiissioBer  from  permitting  prisoners  to  be  taken  outside  the, 
prison  yard  under  any  circumstances  whatever,  and  from  rel^hle 
information,  I  am  inclined  to  believe  it  is  contrary  to  the  well  ea«> 
tablished  precedent  of  older  established  prisons: 

.  II\ere  are  always  confined  in  every  sta,te  prison  a  greater  or  Um 
niuxxhex  of  convicts  who  are  w:ell  disposed,  and  whose  term  of  im- 
priBono;»ent  is  nearly  expired,  that  can,  safely  be  trusted  ^x  charge 
of  ip  fi&ce^  to  work  in  the  stoi^e  .quarry's  for  the  state,  or  to  be 
let  to,  contactors  to  work  as  they  may  direct — or,  situated  as  we^. 
I^ye  been,  duripg.the  past  summeri  without  water  in  the  yard,  they 
'  niigkt  be  advantageously  occupied  in  carrying  water  for  the  use  of  ^ 
tbeprifion.  • 

'  CSreumfltancesi  have  transpired  during  the  yeaor  unfder  wld^h- 1 1 
have  deetnf^  it  a  mattJer  6f  no-  bartn,  but  xatber  a  matter  of  Ad^,  * 
iti^  fwpAHfe  prisoneiv  to  engage  in  bufiniiess  for  the  state  outside  tte  * 
pllBaD]md,^Tind0t'<Arei  direct  ^ttaid  of  an  oflteer,  except  in  Otte  er 
two  instances,  when,  during  the  past  sickly  season  the  offleue  asd^ 


9k 

help  in  and  abant  ike  prifon^were  BQBMe  .b^i  Atttad  i^m^iCtib 
wtOiimit^nL  what  their  dntj  imposed. 

Another  provision  of  the  law  ought  to  bo  8o  aniended  a^  to  al-^ 
low  i\\p  commissioner  to  engage  the  services  of  practical  mecban^ 
i^a  1^^ Overseers  in  the  various  departoafiQta  of  xnec^anic^  \^)}PTn 
with  the  j)Ower  to  paj  them  the  wages  of  mechanics,  say  one  dol- 
Ifff^  ^^  ;iv  Malf  or  one  dollar  seventy  tive  cents  per  daj.     The  pre- 
sent per  diem  for  overseers,  ((U^^  P^i*  ^aj)  is  i^ot  suflScient  to  in- 
dttisfe  them  to  leave  outside  labor  for  a  position  within  the  pfisbn 
yartf.    1  aih  of  the  opinion  lihat  if  the  erorvices  of  good  mechanics' 
d6o)dF  b^  obtained,  to  be  used  in  instructing,  directing  and  faying^ 
out' w6rk  for  the!  conv?<it9,  the  state  would  be  profited  much  mote^ 
tban  tho  ihoie  amouut  it  would  require  to  cngag6  such  adalstahtie.* 

Since  I  have  been  connected  with  the  prison,  1  have,  under, 
tk^  iJItfietion  of  tlic  priB^n  physician,  ftirn»shed  convicts  with 
Wdak^teti  once  a  day,  and  in  case  of 'sickness  oftener,  if  nec^-i 
aitff,  tthd  alio  td  siith  as  have  be6n  in  the  hAbit  of  iidirfg  t6^ 
WiAjOf^ircd  chews  a  Qky^  believing,  tinder  all  the  cfrcnrasfcitf- 
ci^k'Sf'a'xnoderate  use  would  be  more. beneficial  to  the  boiiritrt^ 
il^  'otherwi^is. 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  report  of  the  prison  physician  here- 
#ttli  jient,  you  w!ll  flttd  that,Val  though  the  sefason  bas^beeti  tiety 
niififeiftHy^  yet  the  frfsotiers  have  suflftredbut  r^ry  litfli^Stt*^' 
D«i«i'of  any'  fiihd— indeed  1  may  siay  that  the  state  lias  botb^tti 
dfe^r?^ed  K)f ''t*h6  iabot  bf  uny^  ond' coririfeffor  morfe' fWan  a  diy 
aK'^^iie,  Ahd  that  only  by  rfeasoti  of  tttl*  br  ordftialty  dfei^' 
rficbiil  '  T'taAj  be  aHoVs'dd  to  sa^  that  no  pains  hiive'bbei^^pat*^^ 
i)!^"^  pr^cantidrrs  neglected  to  prevent" sii^kftess  or  disease.     Aa^^ 
I  am  credibly  informed  that  although  the  nun)ber  of  prfeoneMi 
hMSWM  MA^  -fon^esi.fuid  H^y  jmP  aeM0PofiWB»prek.^r))H»«^hj 

t^  4lMYJf^*{  )^.A M.J^«iflM^nW<l4ilP^  With  4(«fl(%gilVr{ 


«1 

Holder  ftcf)TivHlege  extended  fcytt*^  law'of  ItotwiiiteriSf^ 
^iAhvfctd  who  have  been  engaged  in  Voii'for  tontractora'  bn'tra 
iewbtiMing,  hav<5  bcfen  enabM  by  overwoA,  to'ky  up  for  thei*- 
Wives,  a'handBome  mtn  of  moticy  for  their  J)  resent  or  fa  tort  nsfe, 
*rimy  of  tliem  x^ho  have  familiefi,  have  with  commeridible  A^Mr 
ty  ffpptv>priated  th^r  eaergieft  to  their  cumfort  iaia  snppoi^,  iiiS^ 
if  the  yonnger  dasa  hare  n^ed  it  in  procuring  nsefull  'boblrs,  kdA, 
in  Bnbscribing  for  newspapers,  whicli  thej  ana  allos^ed  to  use  tfii- 
der  tbe  directioa  and  supervision  of  the  of^ceiB. 

I  inuBt  do  myself  the  justice  to  say  that  I  believe  that  thero  ii 
no  retrograde  movement  in  the  morals  of  the  convicts,  theyar^ 
all,  witb  a  few  exceptions,  willing  and  anxions  to  attend  diviM 
service  in  the  chapel  every  Sabbath,  where  they  seem  io  listm 
with  devont  attention  to  ihe  excellent  preaching  and  t^lvice  of  tha 
'Hev.  Samuel  Smith,  the  faithfal  and  devoted  chaplain  ot.tbe  prlt- 
oii/ 

We  ^ave  as  fiir  as  praetiofllUe,  (spdea^KW^d  to  adtnlmater  th> 

dicipline  of  the  prison  upon  the  ^^ilcint  ByM^m^^  enfotviuig  Ifii 
much  as  possible,  perfect  non-in^ercourso,  among  the  prisonen.— « 
faring  the  past  geaeon,  the  circumstances  connected  ,¥(ith  tjt^ 
1)tiildii)g  df  the  new  pnson,  macle  it  a  niatter  of  imposaibilit/  to 
enforce  as  rigidly  as  we  otherwise  should  a  strict  obseryf nca  fft 
'^  ihe  regulatioi^s  incident  to  such  a  system  of  dicipline.  Tbei^ 
Vas  necessarily  more  or  less  intermingling  of  the  pri .oners,  f^Itjik 
^ucli  citrzens  as  were  engaged  iu  work  lipon  tlie  buildings  aniji 
kc^ttcre^  about  the  y ara,  as  they  were,  under  the  dlrectiou  of  (fif 
"Itontractors  to  whom  they  wore  liiriefd,  in  groups  of  two,.^hree  or 
iilialf  a  dozen,  itv^j^  entirely  out  of  the  question  to  gn^rd  them 
iti  narrowly  in  the  exercisea  of  t^eir  duty  and  req^^irement^^.  aff 
if  those  circumstances  did  not  exist 

i  T&riiit  Say,  however,  that  during  tte  whp^e  seasbn  itiave  aejBii 
ntiivery  little  of  condiict  so  flagitious  as  to  demancl  aeve'ro  piia« 
ifihiient  of  my  Tititids.  I'hero  lias  been  uo  op^n  attempt  to  bscaiML 
imd  I  ^<^el  confident  Chat  but  very  litilei  ilT  any  at  alV^f  aeom 


jploUisg  bas  been  going  on  (6t  that  purpose.  I  iiave  ^ver  fflt  it 
to  .be  the  duty  of  any  person  having  the  administration  of  thp 
government  and  discipline  of  a  prison  in  charge,  to  execute  his 
trust,  that  the  criminal,  will  be  made  morrally  better  under  thp 
{>uni\i8hment,  which  he  is  made  to  suffer,  and  while  he  makes  that 
pun^ishment,  sure  by  its  certainty,  still  so  far  as  may  be  consistent 
with, his  position,  he  should  feel  and  act  as  though  he  were  deal- 
ing with  men,  fallen  to  be  sure,  but  yet  not  beyond  redemption. 

When  I  entered  on  my  official  duties  as  commissioner  of  the 
Prison,  its  library  was  altogether  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  the 
prisoners.  I  have  added  to  it  by  purchase,  about  ninety  dollars 
worth  of  books,  many  of  which  are  Bibles,  both  German  and 
English,  singing  books,  scnool  books,  and  also  a  dozen  .  slates. — 
Besides  the  above  we  are  under  especial  obligation  to  the  Fond 
'du  Lac  county  Bible  Society,  for  a  quantity  of  religious  books ; 
also,  to'Prof.  E.  Daniels,  late  State  Geologist,  and  Messrs.  W.  H. 
Watson,  George  Bowman,  Archibald  Wilson,  Henry  Dilleckerand 

Btick,  of  Milwaukee,  for  a  large  and  valuable  contribution 

of  books  for  the  prison  Library. 

Before  concluding  this  report,  I  wish  to  mefition  a  subject  upon 
which  I  think  the  legislature  should  act  and  act  promptly.  "We 
ii&Yt  confined  here  sOme  three  or  four  small  boys,  from  the  city  of 
Milwaukee,  from  nine  to  fifteen  years  of  age.  A  prison  is  no  place 
for  them.  Oonnected  with  some  more  aged  and  hardened  crimi- 
nals whom  perhaps  no  punishment  can  reform,  and  no  persuasion 
deter,  it  cannot,  I  fear,  be  even  hoped  that  there  case  will  be  much 
1;>ettered ;  and  I  sincerely  hope  that  humanity  will  dictate,  that  a 
houpe  of  refuge  be  prepared  for  such  young  pflfenders,  where  they 
can,  at  least  for  a  while,  be  secure  from  the  evil  associations  of  bad 
company,  and  be  taught  to  lead  the  life  of  virtue  and  honesty. 

I  cannot  neglect  in  this  report  to  acknowledge  thp  obligations 
which  I  am  under  to  all  the  officers  of  the  prison  for  the  faithful 
and  valuable  services  I  have  received  from  them  during  tlie  past 
year.    Their  duties  have  been  arduous  and  responsible,  and  they 


are  entitled  to  my  sincere  thanks  for  the  faithful  manner  in  which 
they  have  discharged  ihem: 

In  conclnsion  allow  me  to  say,  that  if  what  we  have  done  meets 
the  approbation  of  your  Excellency,  and  through  you  the  appro- 
bation of  the  Honorable  the  Legislature,  and  the  people  generally, 
we  Bball  be  am}^y  rewarded  for  all  the  care,  ansiety  and  respon- 
aibility,  we  have  incurred  the  past  year,  and  if  not,  we  shall  still 
bave  th^  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  we  have  endeavored  to  do^ 
light. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

A,  W.  STARKS. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,  ) 

XWDGB  COUNTY,  J 

Abgaltts  W.  Stahes,  being  duly  sworn,  says  that  the  matters 
and'ihfngs  set  forth  in  the  foregoing  report,  are  true  to  the  b%6t  of 
1MB  knowledge  and  belief.  A.  W.  STARES. 

Subscribed  and.Bworn  before  me  the  31st.  day  of  Dec.  1864. 

JOHN  LOWTH, 
Notary  Publio^  Dodge  County,  Wiia. 


94 


REPOET  OF  OHAPLAHT. 

To  Hn  ExoEiXKNCT  Wm-  A.  Bajzbtow, 

Governor  if  Witpofmi^i 

6ra :  The  following  brief  report  of  the  Chaplain  of  the  Wis- 
conBia  State  Prison,  and  of  his  efforts  to  improve  the  moral  and 
intellectual  condition  of  its  inmates,  I  sincerely  hope  will  meet 
with  the  approbation  of  yourExcellency. 

For  more  than  three  years  I  have  had  the  honor  to  officiate  at 
Chaplain  of  this  Prison,  and  by  the  blessing  of  Heaven,  have  been 
able  to  attend  to  the  daties  of  my  station  every  Sabbath  bat  four 
daring  the  whole  of  that  time. 

Daring  the  past  year,  oar  meetings  in  the(Chapd  of  t^ierPq^ip^ 
have  been  attended  by  all  the  inmates  of  the  Priaoo,  when  their 
;^Ii|i  Wjould  permit,  and  Uic  reaojt  has  b^a  t^at  4>iQm^  of/oar 
ipria^iQeni  who  appeared  scarcely  to  fear.God  or  re^gard  ^i4n»4trt^ 
time  of  thtir  ent^nce  into  the  Prison,  have  been  coostrajiii^  itf 
confers  their  sins  to  God,  and  implore  his  pardoning  favor.  I  am 
in  the  habit  of  visiting  them  from  cell  to  cell,  and  talking  with 
them  individnally  and  eollectively ;  and  have  often  been  deeply 
moved  at  witneasing  tbeil*  apparent  contrition,  for  violating  the 
sacred  laws  of  God,  and  the  laws  of  the  State,  thereby  bringing 
disgrace  apon  themselves,  their  families,  and  friends.  I  am  sat- 
isfied from  what  they  tell  me,  that  more  than  two-thirds  of  them 
committed  the  crime  that  sent  them  here,  ander  the  inflaence  of 
strong  drink.  They  promise,  however,  most  solemnly  on  their  dig* 
charge  from  prison  never  to  resort  to  a  like  crime  again« 

It  may  be  gratifying  to  yoar  Excellency  to  know,  that  some  of 
the  prisoners,  when  they  first  entered  the  prison  and  who  coald 
neither  read  nor  write,  have  devoted  their  leisure  hoars  to  learn- 
ing,  and  who  now  are  able  to  do  both.  Many  of  them  seem  to  be 
delighted  with  the  holy  scriptares,  and  promise  hereafior  to  be 
governed  by  its  precepts. 


All  our  priBoners  are  reading  men,  and  it  would  be  extremely 
gratifyiDg  to  myself  and  tbeta  ff  n^arger  ^oasortment  of  good  and 
«iag»l.koAfc^  eauW4ficPWftla^r,lwwlft4n,pj;^r  to  ,mal^  ^m 

1^y9^d^9tltf^^mpaib^n^f<pm^^z^  ^p«^  ^^i''  t^i^  •hail 

hane  axsiMihecBi 

A.  ^injgtng  ediool  has  ^been  4n'8ncoe«8ftil  opferoliM  ia  ik^  Biittn 
file  ;{>a8t  year,  and  haa'been  «ttteaded  by  a  ktige  tuuuber  of  it^iB.* 
mitea.  I  think  their  sinjgin^  exe^Uent,  unaef  all  tiiO'droiuiuAai^ 
cesy  and  would  do  credit  to  any  society.  lo^ed  tf  1  'the  ^eeia-  of 
the  prison  seen  to  be  indifatigi^Me  fin  improtisg  the  .moial  and 
yiolteetnaa  eoaditMiO'Mf  theifirtaoBafayindimOyrof  (^iHmEtoalMi^ 
(fMyarge,  ha^e'^aUednpeii.sM.al  mjr  msiiknw  to  itiiank  mfi^r 
iiitettiptitig  to  do  Ibeaaigood^i  and  ito^eif  rois  rtb^^mtilade  4»  ^ 
the  Officers  ^f  the  prisoo^dfiBEcflMfr  ilJodMia^aild^jS^  Wl^ltUm^ 
advice  Jluaff  Mmwrfld^iVfi^^l^     the  same  time  to  follow  it 

^Beapeetfnlly  8nlMitt<^ 

BAKUEL  SMUH, 

Ghaphfau 


PHTSIOIANe'  BEPORT. 

The  health  of  the  piisonerB  during  the  past  year  has  [been  re*- 
markaWy  good.  They  hare  been  entirely  exempt  from  the  pre* 
vailing  epidemics  such  as  Diarrhoea,  Dysentery,  Fevers,  &o., 
wbioh  bare  prevailed  to  considerable  extent  in  the  community  at 
large.  Even  daring  the  hottest  part  of  the  summer  Diarrhoea 
among  the  inmates  was  of  rare  occurrence  and  Dysentery  entirely 
unknown,  although  common  in  the  vicinity  and  among  the  labor- 
ers, employed  in  conatructing  the  new  prison  building. 

•  This  exemption  from  sickness  must  be  mainly  attributed  to  tiifi 
judicious  management  of  the  commissioner  in  enibrcing  rigidly 
tiie  salutary  disdipline  of  personal  cleanliness  and  Tegimen  in  aU 
the  apartments  connected  with  the  prison. 

BROWN  &  BTJTTERFIELD, 
Waupun,  Dec.  31, 1854.  Attending  Physicians. 


r' 


ANNUAL  REPOBT 


ON  THB 


aEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


OV  TEX 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN. 


Bt  JAMES  G.  PEROIVAL. 


'    MADISON: 

BERIAH  BROWV,  PRI5Tn, 
18S0. 


J 


GE0L06I€Al  REPORT. 


lo  His  ExcELLKNCTi  Wk.  A.  Babbtow, 

In  presenting  this  report  on  tbe  Geology  of  Wisconsin,  it  if 
proper  that  I  shoald  state  the  circnmstances  under  ^hich  the  ma- 
terials for  it  have  been  collected.  On  receiving  mj  qonimission  aa 
State  Geologist  (Aug.  12, 1854,)  I  proceeded,  agreeably  to  your 
instructioDS,  to  examine  the  mineral  district,  included  in  the  south- 
western counties  of  the  State.  It  -was  my  intention,  in  this  ezam« 
inatipn,  to  make  a  preliminary  reconnoissance  of  the  eptire  dishicf^ 
BO  as  to  enable  me  to  present,  in  my  first  report^  a  general  view  of 
the  arraogemeot,  both  as  exhibited  on  the  surface  and  in  the  inte* 
rior.  In  previous  examinations  of  the  same  kind,  I  had  found  the 
great  advantage  of  such  general  views,  in  preparing  for  a  more 
jnat  appreciation  of  particular  facts,  and  of  .their  mutual  relations." 
One  of  the  most  important  objects  of  a  Geological  Survey,  indeed 
the  most  important,  is  to  determine  the ,  system  of  arrangement| 
and  the  principles  connected  therewith,  which  may  serve  ap  a 
^de  tbroagh  what  would  be  otherwise  an  inextricable  labyrinth. 
Kiis  cannot  he  done  satisfactorily  without  a  minute  and  thorougk 
investigation  of  particulars,  but  this  should  be  made  throughout 
with  a  view  to  ihe  entire  arrangement,  and  for  this  purpose  a  pre- 
iCminary  reconnoissance  is  req^uired.  •  Although  I  lost  no  time  in 
pursuing  this  object,,  yet  I  found  it  impossible  to  visit  the  entire 
district,  this  season,  and  November  23^  I  returned  to  .Madison,  and 
4iftef  a  1)rief  examination  of  the  country  between  tliat  place  an^ 


Jane«TflIe,  in  reference  to  the  strata,  I  applied  mjeelf  to  the  pie- 
pamtion  of  mj  report 

I  have  viBited,  daring  this  season,  all  the  considerable  diggings 
from  the  sonth  line  of  the  State  to  a  line  drawn  from  east  to  west, 
north  of  Gassville,  Beetown,  Fotofri,  BUttervill^^  llineral  Point,  Yel- 
low Stone,  and  Exeter,  and  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  east  part  of 
Oreen  conntj.    Some  of  the  less  important  diggings,  within  these 
limits,  may  have  escaped  mj  notice,  but  I  have  endeavored  to 
make  snch  an  examination  of  those  I  hare  yisited,  as  my  limited 
time  wonld  allow.    I  have  also  employed,  in  preparing  this  rej^rt, 
snch  facts  as  I  had  collected  the  former  year,  in  the  employment  o£ 
the  American  Mining  Oompsny  (N.  Y.,)  in  exploring  different  lo- 
calities in  the  same  district,  and  particularly  in  examining  the  dif- 
ferent strata,  in  reference  to  the  probable  descent  ot  the  mineral 
ihrongh  ihcm.    On  this  point,  of  so  much  importance  to  the  min- 
ing interest,  I  had  then  ascertained  a  series  of  facts,  which  seemed 
^  prove  that  all  the  limestones,  from  the  surface  of  the  upper 
magnesian  to  a  considers ble  depth,  at  least,  in  the  lower  magne- 
sian,  were  good  lead-bearing  rocks.    Hy  researches,  this  year, 
haye  enabled  me  to  add  many  convincing  proofs  to  what  I  had 
before  ascertained,  the  whole  showing  a  regular  descent  of  tha 
mineral  through  all  the  rocks,  within  the  limits  above  indicated^ 
except  the  upper  sandstone.     I  have  had  no  opportunity,  this  sea- 
son, of  extending  my  researches  in  the  lower  magnesian,  its  out- 
crop occurring  chiefly  in  the  northern  part  of  tlie  district,  which  I 
have  not  yet  visited.    I  had,  the  former  year,  also  applied  myselif 
lo  the  investigation  of  other  points  of  much  economical  interest, 
and  have  made  them,  this  season,  leading  objects  in  my  survey. 
Such  are  the  surface  arrangement  of  the  ranges,  by  which  thej 
are  combined  into  different  groups,  which  are  themselves  also  ar- 
ranged in  connected  series,  showing  a  regular  system  of  arrange- 
ment,  apparently  pervading  the  whole  district,  so  far  as  I  have  yet 
examined  it;  the  vein  character  of  the  different  deposits  of  mine- 
Tal,  recognizable  in  all  their  varied  modifications;  and  the  different 
cliaracter  of  \he  openings  in  the  different  limestone  strata,  show-; 


iiig  ihttt  while  df  of  thede  are  lead-b^terin^,  yet  that  each  ^reaenti 
Mniie  pecidiaritlecrin  tfie  iirrttngement  and  character  of  Ita  miner* 
il  didposits.  Theflusts,  'which  T  have  thns  Ikr  collected^  on  theae 
pbiiita,  appeat  not  a  UlCle  enootirlKgitig,  as  exhibiting  regularity  and 
fftdist  in  amiAgeamit^  and' striking  analogies  to  the  best  mines  in 
oorreaponding  situations  in  Europe.  The  opportunities  for  exami* 
ningiiiieintiritf  of  miiuis/anfBdt  novae  fivqneni id  XeoitldliaTa 
irishedi  but  I  have  improved  eyery.  opportunity  which  has  pre* 
aented^  and  have  been  able,  during  the  two  seasons,  to  examine 
ihe  interior  of  m^re  than  two  hundred  different  mineS|  of  varied 
extent  from  the  smallest  to  the  greatest 

from  tlie  short  time  that  I  have  been  employed  by  the  State,  it 
eannot  be  expected  that  I  should  prepare  a  complete  report  La 
this,  I  hare  had  in  riew  the  immediate  interests  of  the  mineidl 
district,  and  I  haTe  endeayored  to  give  it  a  practical  bearing.  My* 
object  has  been  to  give  general  views  of  more  inmiediato  impor* 
lance,  and  rather  to  point  out  the  method  I  design  to  pursue  tliaa 
4o  give  the  results  of  a  survey.  Local  details,  and  such  as  have 
&o  direct  bearing  on  my  present  object,  are  reserved  to  another 
occasion. 

I  have  confined  myself^  in  preparing  this  report,  chiefly  to  mf 
own  observations,  and  have  proceeded  no  farther  than  the  fact^ 
irhich  I  have  myself  collected,  would  seem  to  warrant  Althougk 
I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  explore  the  whole  mineral  district,  and 
may  therefore  have  (ailed  to  ascertain  some  &cts,  which  may  have 
jm  important  bearing  in  determining  the  entire  arrangement,  yet 
I  have  felt  warranted,  from  what  I  have  already  ascertained,  im 
'Stating,  with  some  confidence,  the  conclusions  to  which  I  hare  al-^ 
ready  slluded. 

The  mineral  district  is  of  such  relative  extent ;  its  resources^ 
mineral  and  agricultural,  are  so  great,  that  whatever  interests  that 
must  largely  interest  the  whole  State.  The  act,  making  the  appro* 
priation  for  this  survey,  requires  that  that  district  should  be  first 
ourveyed;  but  occasional  opportonities  may,  in  the  meanwhile,  be 
taken  to  examine  such  other  points  as  may  be  of  immediate  im^ 


« 

jportance.    The  survej  of  tiie  whole  State  ^i^li  be .  ib^  work  of 
time;  to  bejalaable}  it  ebould be  made  delibei^lf, md  a^  far  a| 
j^saibWa^ia  a  connected  order.    As  lonf:  ab  I  api  «ritriuite4  m^ 
ihia  object,  I  shall  endeavor  to  give  it  soch  a  directiox^i  and,  part^o* 
ff^lj.  to  make  it  contribute  to  deyelopetbe  g^e^t  reaonrpeaiof  tb«| 
State.  ...  .        .  ^ 

HbMwiiih  IhaYe  tb^beaor  of  anbmitlmg  thb  Mlownig<n$pM(a 
Y^Tf  teBj)fectfliTIJr, 

JAltES  G.  P^EOIVAL,      ^ 

State  Geologist 


BEPORT. 


Ihe  Mineral  District  in  Wisconsin,  so  fkr  as  I  haye  ezaminadikL 
incliid^s  all  that  part  of  the  State  between  the  Mississippi,  on,  the 
iresty.aiid  the  vallej  of  Sugar  river,  on  the  east,  south  ol  the  lincy 
already  indicated.  Small  quantities  of  lead  ore  are  reported  to 
haye  been  found  farther  east,  between  Sugar  and  Rock  rivers,  an^ 
eyeo  jn  the  quarry,  at  Janesville,  on  the  east  bank  of  Sock  lixeif: 
In  genei^i  the  diggings  are  more  frequent  and  more  extensive  to-^ 
ward^  the  west,  and  beeome  more  detached  i^d  lighter  towairda  the 
ciast,  but  with  some  important  exception^.  !Iliese  will  be  noticedM 
heDeaAer^  more  in.  detail. 

STRATIFICATION. 

The  rocks,  in  this  district,  form  a  series  of  strata,  overl  jing  eMtf 
eHhemsArly  hoxizontally,  abaadj  noticed  ia  preeeding  veportB*  Inr 
deaoribing  them,  I  sbsU  point  oat  each  eharaotore  and  distuiotioDtf 
a»Iliav»m^tfo1nervQd,  and  which  hav«  appeared  of  praettoftb 
jH^drtaiice^  It  has  beea  noticed  ia  other  mining  eonuititos,  that) 
diftmHitTa<Aa  haire  different  relations  to  particular  minerals;  thai& 
a  givwi  metallic  vein,  in  one  stratum,  will  yieid  more  abundantly) 
Hmh  ia  sAothev,  and  will  present  peculiar  characters  in  tsaTettnngr 
eaob  stratum*  Such  appeits  to  be  the  case  in  this  minend  dis^ 
iriet,  find  it  hence  bteomes  important  to  mark,  as  far  as  posoibla^ 
a&  the  diffi»rtot  modifications  in  the  strata. 

Bio  surface  of  the  mineral  district  may  be  regarded  in  generaf 
»  a  plain,  traversed  in  different  directions  by  valleys  and  ravinefif^ 
radiating  from  the  principal  watercourses.    Seen  from  a  distatice^ 


Ihese  are  leia  obnonii  the  higher  pointe  of  the  suiface,  Hi^msdwrn 
<m  nearlj  a  common  level,  commanding  the  view,  and  giving  W 
the  whole  the  appearance  of  a  rest  plain.  Above  this  plain  tiM 
ft  number  of  elevations,  called  mounds ;  some  isolated,  such  as  the 
Blue  Mounds,  the  Pl^te  Mounds,-  ant  the  Sinsinawa  Hound^  ia 
Wisconsin,  and  others  forming  connected  chains  of  highlaada^ 
such  as  the  range  east  of  Galena,  in  Illinois,  and  the.  Highlanda 
along  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Iowa.  These  meundt 
are  composed  of  strata,  overlying  the  strata  occupying  the  genenft 
plabu 

T^e  strata,  in  this'  district,  appear  nearly  horizontal,  but^ 
have  slight  dips  in  different  directions.  A  general  dip  to  the'weat 
of  south  has  been  recognized  in  former  reports.  A  general  dip  to 
the  south  appears  obvious,  even  if  the  part  of  the  district  examin* 
ed  by  me  be  alone  considered.  ,  Such  a  dip  to  the  south  would,  in 
ft  general  plane  surf^e,  bring  the  lower  strata  to  tTiat  surface  sue- 
eessiyely  towards  the  north,  and  such,  in  the  \f7h0le,  appears  to  ty% 
tfie  fact  in  this  district  A  general  dip  to  the  west  has  appeilred 
to  me  less  obvious,  though  favored  by  matiy  facts,  particnUrly  thft 
great  extent  of  the  mound  i;ock3  in  tjie  Highlands  of  Iowa,  and 
the  greater  thickness  of  the  upper  strata  generally  towarda  4ba. 
west, 

Besides  this  general  dip,  loeal  inequalifeiBS  iathe  MtmtMk» 
tion  may  be  observed  at  various  points,  indicating  extrftonliiiaiy- 
•levations  of  the  strata  at  those  points. .  These  appear  to  be  HAmt: 
detached  elevations  at  different  centres^  than  along  extended  hnm 
ot  anticlinal  axes.    They  occur  generally  in  connexidn  wHk  tkft* 
deeper  valleys,  where  there  has  been  a  considerable  degree  of  tie- 
nndation,  and  ftt  such  points  the  lower  strata  are  broughi  to  Um; 
aur&ee  at  extraordinary  elevations,  and  exhibit  striking  inequalir 
ties  within  short  distances.    Such  points  of  elevation  may  be  oV 
served  on  Fever  (Galena)  river,  between  Benton  and  ShullBborg; 
on  the  West  Pecatonica,  near  Mineral  Point ;  on  the  East  Pecatoft- 
ica,  near  Argyle ;  on  the  waters  of  Sugar  river,  near  the  line  of 
Dane  and  Green  counties,  and  on  the  Platte  river,  between  Platte- 


wiUe  a^  Fotosi.  Jrom  fiieie  centvaB  of  elevAtion  tli#  stimte  dly 
ia  diffi^reatdireetiiOQa,  bjr  which  the  higbcor  strita  are  foniid  gii»* 
MSfiirel/  ov^ljing  the  loweir  on  the  north  as  well  as  on  the  aoiith» 
Tkm  the  extraordinarf  dip  to  the  north  from  the  centre  of  ele?)*- 
tioQ  00  Fever  river  presents  the  overijing  strata  on  the  aorface  to 
tiie  north  of  the  ontcrop  of  the  bwer  strata,  and  has  given  plaoe 
for  the  oeeorrence  of  the  monnd  strata  at  the  Platte  Hounds.  In 
the  saooe  manner,  there  is  at  Bodgeville,  though  six  to  seven  duIai 
north  of  Mineral  Point,  a  greater  thickness  of  strata  than,  at  the 
latter,  near  which  the  lower  magneaian  is  even  brought  to  viewt;— 
1^0  details  respecting  thesa  elevations  will  be  glv^  after  the  do* 
scription  of  the  different  strata.    . 

The  series  of  strata,  which  I  have  had  an  opportonitj  of  exanih 
inivg,  may  be  thus  arranged.  1.  The  Hound  Strata,  consistiiig  qf 
three  distinct  beds  of  limestone ;  the  upper,  middle  and  loweE» 
S.  A  bed  of  Bine  Shale,  separating  the  moujad  strata  from  the  neit 
lower  limestone  series.  3.  The  Upper  Haguesian  of  Oweo,  als* 
eonsisting  of  three  distinct  beds.  4.  The  Blue  Limestone,  inclndiqg 
the  Blue  and  the  Buff  Limestones  of  Owen  (1st  B^p.,)  also  presapt- 
ing  three  distinct  beds.  5^  The  Upper  Sandstone.  9.  The  Lowet 
Hagnesian  of  Owen.  This  last  I  have  pot  yet  had  an  opportuniijf 
0^  examining  tl^rough  its  whole  depth,  but  I  have  observed,  in  its 
vpper  portion,  two  distinct  beds,  well  characterised.  T.  The  Low** 
er  Sandstone.  This  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  examin* 
ing  in  connexion.  The  arrangement  of  each  of  the  limestone  saf 
rles,  at  least  of  the  three  upper,  in  three  distinct  beds,  is  worthy 
of  attention.  Other  minor  distinction^  may  be  noticed,  and  have 
in  different  places  attracted  the  attention  of  miners,  as  of  practioal 
importance.  These  I  have  endeavored  to  ascertain,  and  shall  m^i* 
tion,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  determine  them ;  but  from  their 
nature,  they  can  be  fully  determined  only  by  a  more  complete  sui^ 
vey  than  I  have  yet  made. 

KOXnfTD  8TSATA. 

The  Mound  Strata,  within  the  limits  of  the  mineral  district  in 
Wisconsin,  occupy  only  a  few  detached  points,  considerably  ele* 


10 

HikdS  t^fe  the  general  vtirface.  ISictto  are:  lh«^' 6(iiG^bHK#A 
]ff6niid,  a  detached  istimmlt  near  the  sonth  line  of  th&  6(ite  and  en 
tlieUaiit  of  the  towtis  of  Haiel  Gi^n  and  Jamestcmn: ;  the  PlatM 
Xbirndft,  two  detached' sTimmitd,  one  east,  thef  other 'weifc  of  Bet 
liioat,  with  a  smaller  elevation  of  the  same  character  b^Ween 
ttieio ;  the  Blue  Mounds,  twoanrnmits  fo'rmingparttjf  a  connected 
ftinge,  near  the  Itnd  of  Dane  and  I6wa  conn  ties;  and  the  norftt- 
east  point  6f  a  range  of  monnd^,  extending  from  near  Oalena  to^ 
irifrds  SIrallsbnfg. 

The  three  dfstinet  beds,  above  mentibned*,  are  most  complete 
In  the  Bontheiii  mounds,  and  are  apparentlj  partly  denuded  in 
the  northern.  Thej  may  all  be  iKstingnished  in  the  SihsinawS 
Xbnnd,  but  the  upper  appears  there  less  complete  than  in  iheTbble 
]h[<nind,  an  bntlier  ofthe  highlands,  sonth^west  of  Dubuque.  The 
entire  series  is  composed  chi^y  of  a  thick-bedded  limestone,  ffne^ 
gt^ibed  and  nearly  white,  when  nnstained,  and  well  adtipted  for 
btiilding.  Tlie  upper  bed  is  characteriitied  by  a  great  abundance 
«f  corals,  of  Which  the  CfanS^tptira*  is  the  most  distinctive.  Thd 
KiifldTebed  abounds  mo^e  or  less  in  hornstohe  (flmt,)  airanged  coii« 
fSttthably  to  the  stratific^ion.  '  Hhifr,  in  the  southern  motmds,  fii 
Kss^  abundant,  and  mote  in  detached  nodtdes,  while  in  the  nortb* 
M^  tnonnds,  it  is  more  abundant,  and  even,  in  the  Blue  Uonnds, 
dmest  replaces  the  limestone.  In  the  northern  mouxrds  particular^ 
ly,  it  ib  distinguished  by  a  reddish-brown  colour.  Itmaythua 
bave  given  origin  to  the  layer  of  red  ilint  in  clay,  which  immedl* 
ittSy  overlies  the  rock  oh  the  general  wirface  throughout  the  min* 
Ijfal  dfetriet.  The  lower  bed  contains  little  flint,  and  is  less  abnit* 
dant  in  fossils,  particularly  corals,  than  the  upper,  It  appears^ 
however,  thicker  bedded,  and  is  more  important  for  lime  and 
lynilding.  The  mound  limestone  has  never  been  found  to  contain 
Hay  coneiderable  deposit  of  lead  ore.  .  Traces  of  mineral  are  re^ 
ported  to  have  been  found  iu  it,  and  some  fruitless  excavations 
have  been  made,  one  of  which  I  have  examined  on  the  top  of  the 
Sinsinawa  Mound^  but  have  observed  there  no  appearance  of  lead 
ore. 

*  C,  etekaroidet.  . 


tl 

sum  fSAJ&fe. ' '     • 

Itie  iJtie  Shale,  'wiierever  I  have  lia<J  an  opportunity  of  obser- 
vija^  uhderlies  the  limestone  of  the  moundi,  and  separates  it  from 
the  jJppet  Magnesian  limestone.  B  is  composed  of  a  thin  even 
argulaceous  slate^  quite  hard  in  its  natural  state,  hut  more 
or  less  Buhject  to  decomposition  into  ^  soft  claj,  sometimes  retain- 
ing Its  original  hlue  color,  but  more  usually  stained  yellow,  and 
fpnning  tjhen  what  is  called  by  the  miners,  a  pipe  clay.  Its  sur- 
face, from  its  tendency  to  decomposition,  is  always  concealed  by 
earth,  unless  exposed  in  ravines  or  by  excavation.  It  extends  t(> 
agreateroir  less  diistance  around  the  mounds,  and  graduiates  by 
decomposition  into  the  pipe  clay,  which  overlies  its  undecomposed 
part',  when  thickesi;,  and  replaces  it  entirely  on  its  outskirts.  Thus 
at  the  Jamestown  Mine,  near  tbe  Sinsinawa  Mound,  it  was  fbund, 
in  the  engine  shaft,  imme^iatdy  oyedyiag  the  upper  magnesian, 
unchanged,  and  itself  overlaid  by  the  pipe  clay,  while  in  shafts 
moi^e  remote  frotn  the  mouiid,  it  was  found  entirely  converted  into 
Gie  pipe  (Slay.  Ifeis  bed  is  less  open  and '  pervious  than  the  lime* 
•kbn6d,  £khd  conseqtieiitly  the  water  from  the  nibunds  issues  in 
kj^if^^  aT)bYe  it,  marKhig  the  Une  of  its  upper  surface. 

The  shale  itself  contains  few,  if  any  fbssils,  but  at  its  junction  with 
ihe  lipper  magnesian,  there  is  a  very  thin  bed,  (two  to  three  inches 
ihick^^  composed  almost  entirely  of  very  small  fossils  and  concretions^ 
nidally  firmly  cemented  by  iron,  and  therefore  called  hard-pan  by 
ihe  miners,  but  sometimes  softer  and  with  a  more  calcareous  ce- 
ment,  ITsually  one  or  more  thinner  layers  (about  one  inch  thick  J. 
of  ihe  same  character  are  found  interposed  in  the  blue  shale,  with- 
in the  first  2 — i  feet  above  the  upper  magnesian.  These  fossilife- 
rous  and  concretionary  layers  are  important  as  serving  to  deter- 
mine the  formation  of  the  pipe  clay,  overlying  the  upper  magne- 
aian,  from  the  blue  shale.  In  the  shafts,  at  tlie  Jamestown  Mine, 
where  the  pipe  clay  immediately  overlies  the  upper  magnesian, 
these  layers  are  found  precisely  of  the  same  character  and  in  the 
same  poi^tion,  as  where  the  unaltered  bjiue  shale  meets  the  same 
rock.    In  different  places  on  the  higher  pointte,  where  the  upper 


It 

nmgnesian  is  most  complete,  Hut  rode  it  fonnd  overiud  by  pipe 
clajy  in  which  the  same  fossUiferont  and  concretiomuy  layeim  an 
found,  in  the  same  position  aa  I  haire  already  stated*  31iis 
I  have  observed  very  perfectly  at  the  Maddy  Diggings,  on  bi^ 
gronnd,  north  of  Oassrille,  at  the  distance  of  seyeral  miles  fix>m 
the  mound  rocks ;  the  nearest  position  of  these  being  in  the  High- 
lands of  Iowa,  beyond  the  Mississippi.  In  other  places,  the  pecu* 
liar  fossils  and  concretions  of  these  layers  are  observed  on  the 
sur&ce  of  the  upper  magnesian,  where  the  pipe  clay  is  less  obvi- 
ous. This  I  have  noticed  in  different  places  on  the  higher  grounds 
in  Hazel  Green,  six  miles  from  the  Sinsinawa  Hound,  and  still 
&rther  from  any  other  locality  of  the  mound  strata.  These  facts 
seem  to  indicate  a  former  general  extension  at  least  of  the  blue 
shale,  over  the  surface  of  the  upper  magnesian, 

TTPPEB  HAGHESIAJr. 

The  Upper  Magnesian*  consists  of  a  series  of  limestone  beds,  of 
great  thicknessi  in  which  the  greater  part  of  the  lead  ore,  raised 
in  the  mineral  district,  has  been  found,  and  from  that  circumstance^ 
it  has  been  sometimes  called  the  mineral  rock.  But  the  other  beda 
of  limestone,  underlying  it,  (the  blae  limestone  and  the  lower 
magnesian,)  have  been  found  to  be  good  lead-bearing  rocks,  and 
consequently  this  latter  term  can  no  longer  be  regarded  as  dis' 
tinctive.  The  prevailing  character  of  the  rock  in  this  series,  ii^ 
that  of  a  light  grey  thick-bedded  limestone ;  sometimes  uniformly 
fine-grained  and  even  compact,  but  more  often  partly  fine-grain* 
ed  and  compact,  and  partly  coarser  grained  and  more  distinctly 
crystalline,  or  even  with  small  geodic  cavities.  This  latter  struc- 
ture occurs  more  particularly  in  connexion  with  mineral  deposits^ 
or  in  what  is  called  the  opening  rock.  In  such  instances,  either 
the  compact  or  the  more  crystalline  portion  may  be  the  ground, 
through  which  the  other  is  disseminated;  the  former  as  nodules  or 
concretions ;  the  latter  as  geodes  or  approaching  such. 

'  This  tenn,  iotrodoced  bj  Owen  in  his  fint  report,  lun  Veen  generally  adopted  ia  tb« 
VMiiend  district,  sod  for  that  reason  I  hare  prefnrod  toratainit 


Tbs  rook  of  tbit  series  ia  gtnarally  moxe  or  lesa  snbjeot  to  deeom- 
pofitioD,  and  tbe  coarser  grained  porfcione  most  so,  whieh  often  girea 
to  it  a  pecnliar  cayemons  character.  This  circomstance  renders  it 
less.  Taloablo  for  bniiding,  although  ocoasionallj  fine-grained  or 
compact  bods  occur  of  superior  quality  for  that  purpose.  The  quarry 
from  which  the  Oatholio  Church  at  Benton  has  been  erected  is  one 
a[  that  character.  This  rock  too,  in  the  openings,  is  often  found  de-> 
composed  in  part  to  a  fine  sand,  retaining  its  structure  unchanged, 
in  which  the  harder  compact  concretions  liet  loose  in  their  original 
position,  and  are  called  tumbling  rock  by  the  miners.  It  has  been 
called,  from  this  circumsf  ance,  sand-stone  and  sand-rock,  by  the  mi- 
ners, but  as  these  names  are  liable  to  confound  it  with  the  proper 
dlicious  sandstone,  they  should  be  rejected. 

There  isgena*aUy  a  tbin  bed  of  a  thinly  schistose  subargillaceous 
limeetone  at  the  upper  surface  of  thenpper  magnesian,  called shinglo 
rock  by  some  miners.  Layers  of  shale  occur  occasionally  through  the 
wh)>le  extent  of  the  series;  sometimes  distinct;  sometimes  firmly 
attached  as  a  coatiug  to  the  layers  of  the  limestone.  The  original 
eolor  of  these  is  generally  blue,  bat  they  are  often  stJE^ined  green  or 
yellow.  They  are  usually  found  decomposed  to  clay  in  the  open- 
ingfi,  and  are  then  called,  in  some  places,  clay  randoms,  and  are  re- 
garded as  useful  guides  in  determining  the  position  of  the  miner.  la 
the  lower  bed  of  this  reek,  layers  occur  of  a  very  thin  black  or  dark 
>n]^wn  shale,  more  or  less  bituminouei,  accompanying  particularly 
tbe  green  and  brown  ^ock  openings  at  Mineral  Point  and  between^ 
Bei^ton  and  Shullsburg.  Thin  foesiliferous  layers  are  also  met 
with  throughout  the  series,  but  meet  frequently  in  the  lower  pairt^ 
The  thicker  bedded  rock  usually  contains  but  very  few  fossils,  and 
those  of  large  size  comparatively,  wbile  the  thin  foesiliferous  lay- 
ers aboand  in  them,  and  those  of  small  sice  and  usually  delicate 
texture.  Some  layers  are  found  chiefly  composed  of  minute  fos- 
sils and  concretions.  The  distinctive  fossil  of  the  entire  aeriea 
lathe  coral,  called  honey-comb  or  sun-flower,  {Oofeinopara.}  I 
have  observed  it  in  all  the  beds  of  this  series,  but  in  none  of  the 
«ther  limestones. 


14 

Tbe  upper  bed  of  this  series  contains  few  or  n^  flints,  Mi.  is 
usually  mueh  thicker  than  either  of  the  lower  beds,  and  indeed, 
where  it  has  suffered  no  denudation,  is  at  least  equal  in  thickness 
to  the  two  lower  combined.  The  middle  bed  abounds  in  flints, 
arranged  ifi  regular  layers  of  nodules,  usually  white  or  light  grey, 
but  sometimes  dark  grey  or  black.  The  lower  bed  usually  con- 
tains but  few  flints,  but  these  are  sometimes  more  abundant,  par^ 
ticularly  in  the  openings. 

The  character  of  the  lower  bed  has  not  appeared  as  uniform  as  that 
of  the  two  higher  beds.  Like  the  upper  bed,  it  sometimes  is  light  grey 
or  bluish  and  compact,  and  is  then  valuable  for  building,  when  not 
too  much  jointed;  but  it  is  more  often  much  traversed  by  argillaceous 
seams,  separating  or  marking  the  surface  of  the  layers.  This  bed  is 
fJEurther  characterized  by  two  peculiar  rocks,  known  as  the  brown  or 
black  rock  and  the  green  rock,  which  occupy  corresponding  position?, 
but  are  usually  found  in  different  sections  of  the  mineral  district* 
On  the  Mississippi  and  Fever  river,  the  brown  rock  is  generally 
&nnd  connected  with  the  openings  in  the  lower  bed,  and  contains 
more  or  less  calcareous  spar  (t^  disseminated  through  it.  The 
green  rock  is  found  in  a  similar  position  in  the  northern  and  north* 
eastern  diggings.  The  original  color  of  these  rooks  is  bluish,  but 
tiiey  have  derived  their  present  tint  from  the  decomposition  of  iron 
pyrites  disseminated  through  them.  The  brown  rock  is  of  a  more 
or  less  deep  red  brown  color,  usually  pervading  it  uniformly,  and 
ftom  its  peculiar  tint,  was  called  the  ohocolate*brown  rock  by 
Locke  (Owen's  1st  Bep.)  The  green  rock  is  usually  less  uniform-^ 
iy  stiiined,  sometimes  only  on  its  seams,  and  apparently  derived  its 
oolor  from  the  green  hydrate  of  iron.  Thin  layers  often  occur  in 
tiiis  bed,  composed  chiefly  of  flattened  fuooidal  concretions,  bnt 
ntely  containing  any  fossils.  Similar  layers  are  oc(»isionaIly  fbund 
in  the  higher  beds. 

^  Bars  of  a  hard  blue  limestone  often  traverse  the  upper  mag- 
nesiin,  in  itb  different  portions,  more  usually  in  a  horizontal  posi- 
tioDf,  like  beds,  but  sometimes  in  a  vertical  position,  like  veins. 
TChey  are  more  or  less  intersected  by  iron  pyrites,  and  are  appa- 


senUy  Qonnected  with  mmeral  dep^sibi,  to  wl^ch  tbo7  .^^^ 
an  ifoportgnt  relation.  They  often  interrupt  the  progress  of  min- 
eral veins,  And  are  then  said,  hj  the  minerp,  to  cut  off  the  mineral  \ 
whenoQ  the  opinion  lias  prevailed  that  the  blue  limestone  cnts  off 
ibe  mineral,  an  opinion  erroneously  transferred  to  the  bine  lime- 
stone of  Ow^^  to  which  it  has  properly  no  reference.  TUs  suh; 
ject  will  be  farther  discussed  in  ^  connexipn  with  that  of  mineral 
deposits  and  veins. 

BLtnS  LIMESTONB. 

The  Blue  Lunestone  eeries  includes  ,the  blue  limestone  and  the. 
"buff  limestone  of  Owen's  first  report.  These  botli  evidently  belong 
to  the  same  aeries;  the  first  including  the  two  upper  beds,  the 
second  the  lower  bed,  already  indicated.  The  three  beds^  of 
which  the  series  is  composed,  are  of  nearly  equal  thickness. 

The  upper  hed  is  chiefly  cemposed  of  thinner  more  foesiliferous 
layers,  between  which  are  interposed  some  thicker  and  lees  foesili^ 
ferpns.  Some  of  the  layers  are  almost  entirely  composed  of  fossilS|^ 
afid  in  some  instances  are  subject  to  decomposition,  leavii^  the, 
f^pssils  lopse  and  entire.  Thin  layers  of  bluish  shale  alternate  wit}i, 
the  layers  of  limestone,  and  are  often  found  decomposed  to  a  soft 
clay,  usually  stained  yellow  or  green,  particularly  in  the  openings.^ 
The  layers  of  limestone  are  marked  by  a  peculiar  parallel  or  lamin- 
Aed  structure,  distinct  from  that  of  the  upper  magnesian,  andare 
piartly  light  grey  and  compact,  furnishing  the  best  lime,  And  piirt^ 
ly  blue  and  more  distinctly  parallel  in  .their  structure,  and  appa*- 
rently  suhargillaeeous.  Some  of  the  latter  kind  have  b^en  found' 
to  fttrtiish  a  good  hydraulic  cement,  lliis  bed  is  usually  oterfai^* 
by  a  bed  of  brown  rock,  in  thin  layers,  and  breaking  in  smsilF 
jAinted  fragments,  with  more  or  less  calcareous  spar  disseminated^^ 
but  with  few  or  ilo'  fossils.  It  is  interposed,  iii  the  northern  dfe** 
tricts,  between  l!he  green  rbck  and  the  blue  limestone,  and  may  bdJ 
cbnsidef  ed  as  the  lowest  member  of  the  upper  magnesian.  In  some' 
instances,  a  bed  of  blue  shale,  decomposing  into  a  soft  clay  in  the- 
openings,  is  interposed  between  the  upper  magnesian  and  the  blub' 
limestone.  '  ' 


18 

The  middle  bed  of  the  blue  limestcme  10  composed  of  more 
mniform  and  thicker  bedded  very  even  layers,  less  abnndant  itr 
fcssils,  btit  presenting  some  which  have  not  occurred  to  me  in  the 
upper  bed,  such  as  trilobites,  and  the  acorn  (SlrepUlasTna,)  In  the 
western  districts,  where  most  distinctly  developed,  this  bed  may  be 
divided  into  three  distinct  portions :  an  npper,  of  a  tery  fine  crys- 
talline grain,  and  of  a  light  grey  color,  snbject  to  a  brown  stain  in 
connection  with  openings ;  a  middle,  of  a  dark  grey  color,  hard 
and  compact,  breaking  with  a  smooth  conchoidal  fractnre,  and 
called  glass  rock,  in  .most  of  the  diggings  where  it  occnrs;  and  a 
lower,  forming  a  transition  to  the  lower  bed,  and  consisting  of  al- 
ternations of  grey  compact  and  bluish  parallel  seams,  firmly  con- 
nected, the  former  resembling  the  glass  rock,  the  latter  the  pre- 
vailing rock  of  the  lower  bed.  This  lower  portion  is  more  fosslli- 
ferous  than  the  two  others,  particularly  on  the  surfaces  of  its  lay- 
ers. This  distinction  is  well  marked  in  Quinby's  quarry  on  Ae 
Shullsburg  Branch,  north  of  New  Diggings.  In  the  most  eastern 
districts,  yet  examined,  this  distinction  appears  less  marked,  nearly 
the  whole  bed  being  composed  of  a  uniform  fine-grained  light  grey 
rock,  resembling  the  upper  portion.  The  glass  rock  is  there  hardly 
represented.  Nodules  of  flint  occasionally  but  rarely  are  found  in 
Ibis  middle  bed,  particularly  in  its  upper  fine-grained  portion. 

The  lower  bed,  corresponding  to  the  bufiT  limestone  of  Owen,  conr 
iMi  chiefly  of  a  thick-bedded  even  rock,  marked  by  a  distinct  par- 
allel arrangement,  and  composed  in  a  great  measure  of  flattened 
vermiform  and  fucoidal  concretions,  most  strongly  marked  ou  the. 
eurboes  of  the  layens.    Thast  these  are  merely  concretions  and  not 
fjrganic,  appears  to  me  very  evident.  The  same  structure  is  equal- 
ly remarkable  in  certain  thin  subargillaceous  layers,  observed  ii| 
tihe  npper  magnesian,  particularly  in  its  Ipwer  bed.  .  The  same  ap- 
pearance is  observable  in  the  transition  from  the  sandstones  to  the; 
lower  magnesian,  particularly  on  the  surface  of  the  layers,  where , 
smdced  by  argillaceous  seams.  It  would  seem  to  be  oommon  where- 
ejer  there  is  a  combination  of  lime  and  alumine.  This  lower  bed  f  ar- 
niebes  a  brown  lime,  and  in  some  portions  of  it,  a  good  hydraulio 


IT 

cement,  which  alone  indicates  its  snbargtl]aceou3  character.  The 
nalnral  color  uf  this  bed  is  a  light  blue,  but  it  is  vorj  naucli  subject 
to  sfa  D,  hnflF  or  yellow,*  from  disseminated  iron  pjrites.  Indeed  in 
some  districts,  particularly  the  eastern,  the  whole  series  is  gener- 
ally found,  at  least  near  the  surface,  of  a  yellow  color,  only  a  few 
portions  retaining  their  original  blue  color.  The  rock  of  this  lower 
bed  is  easily  dressed,  particularly  the  middle  portion  of  it,  and  in 
some  instances  is  capable  of  a  fine  polish,  forming,  by  its  concre- 
tionary structure,  a  beautifully  clouded  marble.  Quinby's  qnarrj, 
above  noticed,  furnishes  fine  specimens.  The  same  bed,  in  the 
quarry  at  Monterey  (Janesville,)  has  been  used  for  that  purpose, 
•but  its  effect  is  injured  by  small  geodic  cavities.  This  lower  bed 
contains  comparatively  few  fossils,  particularly  in  its  middle  por- 
tion. Triiobites  have  been  found  in  it,  as  well  as  in  the  middle 
bed.  At  its  junction  with  the  upper  sandstone,  there  is  usually  a 
transition  from  one  rock  to  the  other;  a  number  of  subsilicioua 
and  subargiilaceons  layers  intervening,  the  former  of  which  are 
more  or  loss  oolitic  in  their  structure. 

XJTFKR  SAinSSTOHS. 

The  Upper  Sandstone  forms  a  bed  of  a  generally  uniform  char- 
acter, and  i'f  no  great  thickness,  composed  usually  of  fine  grains  of 
qnartzose  sand,  very  slightly  cemented,  and  consequently  very 
littlo  coherent,  ofren  in  the  interior  in  the  state  of  loose  sand.  The 
flurface  is  generally  more  or  less  indurated,  but  often  this  harder 
«at  is  of  very  little  thickness.  The  natural  color  of  this  rock  ig 
whitp,  but  it  is  very  subject  to  stain  yellow,  red,  and  sometimes 
green,  from  the  decorapo:*ition  of  disseminated  iron  pyrites.  These 
stains  are  most  remarkable  on  the  surface  and  near  the  seams,  and 
particularly  near  the  junction  of  the  rock  with  the  adjuining  lime- 
stones. At  the  junction  of  this  rock  with  the  bhie  limestone 
above,  it  19  usually  coarser  grained,  and  often  contains  concretions 
of  quartz,  sometimes  geodic,  which  have  been  evidently  £L;rmed 

*  It  bub«sn  mlled.  rrom  thin  ctreiinwtance,  the  buff  limottoDe,  bat  mighty  with  more 
pvopritftj,  be  caned  the  blae  and  baff  Umcttoiiek 

8 


18 

bj  cbcmical  action.  In  this  position  too,  concretions  of  ir(m 
pyrites,  or  of  heraatito  resulting  from  its  decomposition,  are  fro- 
qnent;  tbo  latter  often  including  a  portion  of  the  pyrites  un- 
changed. Small  nodules  or  seams  of  hematite,  sometimes  with 
iron  pyrites,  occur  also  in  this  part,  filled  with  grains  of  quartz  of 
a  hvaliiic  appearance.  This  laye**,  which  has  been  apparently  so 
subject  to  chemical  action,  is  asually  of  a  dark  red  brown,  or  of  a 
deep  green  color,  (the  hitter  from  the  green  hydrate  of  iron,)  and 
occasionally  the  adj«jiuing  sandstone,  to  a  considerable  depth 
beneath,  is  more  or  less  stained  green  from  the  same  canse.  Thii 
rock  is  usually  too  incoherent  to  answer  well  for  building,  al- 
though generally  suiSciently  finegrained  and  thick-bedded  for  thi^t 
purpose.  It  furnishes,  however,  a  superior  sand  for  mortar,  and 
sometimes  so  hardens  by  exposure,  as  to  be  useful  fir  bnllding.  In 
some  districts,  particularly  on  some  of  the  eastern  branches  of  tha 
East  Fecatonica,  near  the  line  of  Green  and  Lafayette  coonti^ 
this  rock  is  composed  of  thin  nearly  schixttQae  layers,  and  its  loww 
part  is  then  more  or  less  filled  with  minote  white  calcareons  grainy 
giving  it  a  firmer  texture. 

LOWEB  HAONESIAir. 

This  rock  I  have  not  yet  examined  through  its  entire  deptli, 
having  had  an  opportunity  of  viewing  it  only  in  its  southern  and 
eastern  outcrops,  on  the  Platte,  Blue,  Pecafonica  and  Sugar 
rivers,  and  in  a  lidge  2—3  miles  S.  W.  of  Madison.  TJie  greatest 
depth  to  which  I  have  jet  seen  it  expscd,  is  neatly  100  feet,  oo 
tlie  Big  Platte,  in  Ellenborough.  A  thickness  of  more  than  2QO 
feet  has  been  given  it,  on  tiie  Mississippi,  by  Owen,  in  his  ro- 
ports.*  Wherever  I  have  seen  it,  this  rook  has  presented  peca* 
liar  extornal  character.^,  by  which  it  can  bo  readily  dibtinguished 
from  the  pivceding  limestones.  Among  the  distinctive  markt 
which  I  have  observed,  the  most  sti  iking  are  a  |  eculiar  conero^ 
tionary  nodular  structure,  and  the  occurrence  of  gcodes  lined 
with  tninntS'  crystals  of  quartz,  and  of  layers  of  fliut  less  iutex^ 

•  Tw»  KnoOrtd  and  iwentj-five  f<iel.  <  Rtptft  1SB3^ 


19 

mpted  and  nodnlar  than  in  tho  proeoding  limestones,  either  \irhUfr 
and  abounding  in  goodee  of  qiiattz,  or  striped  rod-brow.i  and  jcl- 
loir,  resembling  a  striped  jasper,  and  then  more  rarelj  geodfc 
Fossils  are  very  rare^  nor  have  I  yet  observed  them  in  this  formac 
tion. 

Where  I  have  had  an  opportunUy  of  observing  it  eontinn- 
cndj  underlying  the  upper  sandetttoe,  on  the  Blue  and  Platte 
rivers,  it  has  presented  two  distiuet  beda»  an  n;  per  and  a  lower. 
The  ^ret  is  eompoied  of  a  series  of  alternations  of  snbargillaeeoiis 
and  fiubsilicioQs  limestones,  more  or  less  dcooniposible,  with  ocea- 
,  aional  interposed  layers  or  beds  of  a  pmer  and  harder  limestone, 
llie  subargillaceous  layers  sometimes  form  a  marly  abale,  deeem- 
poaing  into  a  soft  ciny,.  and  the  subsiliclous  Uiyershave  often  a 
remarkabie  concretionary  structure,  and  resemble,  in  their  grain 
at  least,  the  silicious  limestone  of  Fuotainebleau.  Sometimea 
layers  of  near  y  pure  sandstone  occur  even  in  the  lower  part  of  this 
,hed>  Flints,  such  ai)  I  have  described,  occur  in  this  bed,  particniar- 
Ijin  the  pnrer  limestone,  and  in  eonnexion  with  openings;  lint  they 
Jhave  appeared  less  abundant  in  this  bed  than  !n  the  lower.  Froni 
4lie  decompoeible  character  of  the  greater  part  of  this  bed,  its 
fluriace  is  generally  covered  with  earth,  forming  a  sloping  decli- 
vity. The  lower  bed  is  composed  of  a  liard  and  purer  tbick* 
bedded  grey  limestone,  resembling  in  its  external  nppearance 
tbe  eorreaixinding  middle  bed  of  the  upper  magne&ian,  bnt  dis* 
tittgiiislied  by  its  structure,  and  itspeculiHr  flints  already  noticed. 
This  lower  bed  has  been  eeen  by  me  on'y  in  its  upper  portion.  It 
appears,  both  on  the  Blue  and  Platte  rivets,  only  as  alow  bluff 
(10 — ^20  feet  high)  tiuking  below  the  surface.  From  its  character, 
and  particularly  the  great  abundance  of  flints,  it  is  apparently  the 
ihiddfe  bed  of  the  entire  scrifcs;  a  Inwcr  bed  underlying  it,  cor- 
responding in  some  degree  to  tho  upper  bed  already  described*. 
This,  however,  I  offer  only  as  a  conjecture. 

IjOWRB  SANOStONB. 

Hiia  formation  1  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  ohservmg 
in  immediate  connejLiun  with  the  overlying  stratum  (the  Lower 


20 

Kagnesian.)  The  saDdstone  in  tho  qnaiTies  west  of  Madison, 
from  which  that  town  is  supplied  with  its  material  for  building,  ia 
quite  different  in  its  character  from  the  upper  sandstone,  and  is 
apparently  less  purely  silicious,  and  consequently  less  incoherent  in 
its  texture.  It  is  overlaid  in  tlie  quarries,  particularly  in  those  on 
the  south  (Larkin's,)  by  subcalcareous  and  subargillaceous  layers, 
resembling  not  a  little  those«which  occur  at  the  junction  of  the  up- 
per sandstone  and  the  lower  magnesian.  Ooncretions  of  aflintj 
quarts  are  found  in  some  of  these,  resembling  similar  concretions 
in  the  latter  situation.  From  these  circumstances,  I  should  rather 
regard  the  sandstone  in  those  quarries  as  belonging  to  the  Lower 
Sandstone.  This  is  farther  rendered  probable  by  the  occurrence 
of  those  quarries  on  the  north  of  a  ridge,  extending  along  the 
south  side  of  Dead  Lake,  occupied  by  the  lower  magnesian,  while 
the  country  to  the  south  of  that  ridge  is  occupied  by  the  blue 
limestone  and  the  underlying  upper  sandstone. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  each  of  the  limestone  series  admits 
of  a  three-fold  division,  distinct  in  the  three  upper  series,  and  at 
least  priibable  in  the  lower  magnesian.  A  general  character,  ia- 
,  dependent  of  its  fossils,  pervades  tlie  whole  of  each  series,  by 
which  it  may  be  distinguished  from  the  others,  while  each  subdi- 
vision or  distinct  bed  has  its  own  distinctive  characters.  The 
middle  bed  in  each  is  distinguished  by  an  abundance  of  flint  or 
homstone,  arranged  in  layers  conformable  to  the  stratificatum, 
either  in .  detached  nodules,  or  more  connected.  Thin  is  less  obvi- 
ous in  the  middle  bed  of  the  blue  limestone;  still  nodules  of  .flint 
are  there  of  occasioaal  occurrence,  particularly  in  the  upper  fine- 
grained portion. 

Estimates  of  the  thickness  of  tho  different  strata  have  been  giv- 
en in  former  reports ;  but  such  can  be  considered  only  as  approx- 
imative, the  strata  apparently  varying  considerably  in  thickness  i« 
different  localities.  It  may  be  considered  a  moderate  estimate  to 
reckon  the  thickness  of  the  Upper  Magnesian  at  240  feet  (120  feet 
for  the  upper,  and  60  feet  for  each  of  the  lower  beds;)  that  of  the 


21 

Blue  Limeatone  and  Upper  Sandstone  each  at  60  feet ;  and  that  of 
the  Lower  Magneeian  at  220  feet. 

EXTENT  OF  THE  STRATA  ON  THE  SUEPAOK 

The  extent  of  the  mound  strata  has  already  been  indicated. 
The  monnd  limestone  is  immediately  confined  to  the  monnds 
themselves.  The  underlying  bine  shale  extends  bat  to  a  limited  dis- 
tance around  the  mounds,  although  traces  of  theiMpe  olaji  formed 
from  its  decomposition^  have  been  found  in  different  places  vefj 
Temote  from  them,  as  already  stated.  The  upper  magnesian  occu- 
pies the  remaining  surface  of  the  mineral  distriety  so  far.  as  I  haye 
examined  it,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  valley  of  Sugttr  riveri  ezr 
cept  at  the  points  o(  extraordinary  elevation  already  indicated* 
"Viewing  the  surface  of  the  mineral  district  as  a  general  level,  the 
upper  magnesian  has  been  subject  to  denudation  by  the  general 
rise  of  the  strata  towards  the  north,  and  by  the  extraordinary  ele- 
Tations  above  referred  to.  The  valleys  and  ravines  have  farther 
caused  a  removal  of  the  upper  strata,  and  an  exposure  of  the  low- 
er, and  this  to  a  greater  degree  towards  the  north,  and  at  the 
points  of  extraordinary  elevation.  The  rock  occupying  the  mu?- 
face  is  thus  snbject  to  frequent  variation,  and  can  only  be  deter- 
mined exactly  by  long  continued  observation.  I  can  only,  at 
present,  make  some  more  general  statements,  leaving  the  particn* 
lar  determination  to  a  farther  opportunity.  This  is,  however,  a 
a  qvstion  of  no  little  practical  importance  in  mining.  Ey  deter* 
xniniDg  precisely  the  stratum  occupying  the  snrface  at  any  given 
point,  the  miner  will  know  what  depth  ot  mineral-bearing  rock  he 
may  there  expect ;  how  many  openings  and  of  what  character  he 
may  reasonably  expect  to  meet.  Where  the  whole  thickness  of 
the  upper  magnesian  is  known  to  be  present,  and  this  can  be  very 
satisfactorily  determined  by  the  occnrreuce  of  a  bed  of  pipe  clay 
-with  the  accompanying  fossil  layers  at  its  junction  with  the  upper 
magnesian,  and  hardly  less  so  by  an  abundance  of  the  fossils  of 
those  layers  lying  loose  on  the  surface  ef  that  rock,  the  extent  of 
mining  ground,  other  things  equal,  is  of  course  greatest,  and  this 


will  be  dimin'slied  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  beds  wbicb  are 
fo^sd  t6  be  dennded.  8tlt  whore  a  great  amount  of  the  npper 
beds  has  been  removed,  particular  localities,  from  the  great  rich- 
ness of  the  deposits  in  the  strata  remaining,  have  been  among  the 
xno9t  productive  in  the  dlstrfct.  Mineral  Point  is  a  remarkable 
instance  of  this,  where  most  of  the  mining  has  been  in  the  low^ 

paVt  of  the  npper  magnesian,  and  iu  the  blue  limestone. 

f'   •  ••    ■       ,       ■  •     ■* 

The  effects  resolting  from  the  general  rise  to  the  north  are  m 
mndi  involved  with  those  caused  by  the  extraordinary  elevatioM 
that  the  subject  will  be  best  presented  by  iirst  detailing  the  latter. 
The  first  of  these  elevations,  which  I  shall  notice,  is  that  along 
Fearer  (Galena)  river.  The  point  of  greatest  elevation  is  on  t&at 
river,  abont  three  miles  north  of  Benton,  and  about  E.  8.  E.  of 
Bozzatd'e  Boost  (fiCeeker's  Grove,)  where  the  upper  sandstone  rises 
about  twenty  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  river.  In  tlio  ravine 
dejeending  notth  from  Meeker'sGrove  to  that  river,  the  bluelime* 
atone  is  elevated  at  least  thirty  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  ra- 
vine, on  Its  east  side,  while  immediately  on  the  west  side  of  the 
ravine,  the  brown  rocfc  (lower  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian)  sinks 
betow  the  bottom,  the  strata  on  both  sides  remaining  nearly  hori- 
zontal; thus  indicating  a  fault  at  that  point. .  Proceeding  north 
from  that  point,  the  lower  strata  soon  disappear,  and  the  different 
bed*  of  the  uppei'magnesian  successively  occupy  the  surface ;  lirdt, 
the  lower  bed  (lyrown  rock;)  then  the  middle  fiir^  bed  (at  Elk  Grove  ' 
village  and  tFie  Strawberry  Diggings;)  then  tho  upper  bed  (at  the 
Korth  Elk  Grove  Diggihgf),)  and  this  ciontinues  to  the  base  of  < 
the  Piatte  Mounds,  wboro  it  is  overiaid  by  the  blue  shale 
and  the  mound  limestone.  Proceeding  south  from  the  point  of 
greatest  elevation,  the  sandstone  eoin  disappears,  but  the  bln^ 
limestone  is  exposed  generally  in  the  bluffs  of  Fever  liver,  to  a* 
point  aboiit  two  miles  south  of  Now  Diggings.  Itdoesn'^t,  how- 
ever^ sink  umf(»rmly  towards  thesuuth,  but  presents  a  series  of  ua» 
dulations  rising  and  tutting,  and  that  somotimes  quite  ahrui>tly} 
bu£  BO  other  instanc^e  clearly  in^iicating  a  tVinlt  has  yet  occcurrod 
to  inc.    The  blae  limostuno  sometimes  appears  moro  elevated  on 


ss 

<^e  side  of  the  yallej  fimn  on  the  opposite  eide,-btit  this  may  havo 
btea  the  result  of  undnlation  merely.  It  tiUo  appears  along  the 
branchee  of  the  rirer  to  a  greater  or  less  distiince  from  their  jano- 
tioD,  partiealarly  along  the  Shullsbnrg  branch,  where  the  same 
undulations  occur  as  on  Fever  river.  The  blue  limestone,  in  its 
pMgress  south,  apparently  sinks  below  the  level  of  Fever  river^ 
Uit  again  rises,  at  least  twenty  feet  above  its  level,  at  Bnncomb| 
aad  farther  south,  alternately  sinks  below  and  rises  a  few  feet 
above  the  river,  to  its  last  appearance  near  the  Galena  and  Chicago 
read.  There  would  seem,  in  this  instance,  to  have  been  an  extra- 
chlinary  elevation  at  the  point  near  Meeker's  Orove,  above  men^ 
tioned,  causing  a  fault,  with  a  gradual  subsidence  to  the  Bouth, 
xBodified  however  by  local  elevations  in  its  progress.  This  cleva* 
^acLi  would  seem  to  have  acted  along  the  valley  of  Fever  river,  aa 
aokiaxis,  throwing  up  the  strata  on  each  side.  Tlius  the  higher 
grounds,  for  about  three  miles  south  of  Meeker's  Grove,  immedi* 
lately  adjoiuing  FeVer  river  on  the  west,  and  in  the  point  between 
that  river  and  the  Shutlsburg  branch,  are  chiefly  occnpied  by  the. 
lawer  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian,  and  the  diggings  are  there 
mgsdy  in  thatbed.  Farther  south,  tlfe  higher  beds  of  that  rock 
approach  the  river,  but  the  diggings  there,  near  the  river,  are  in 
the  fl.int  or  lower  bed,  chiefly  in  the  former,  and  those  in  tiie  up* 
per  bed  only  occur  in  the  highest  grounds,  more  remote  from  the 
riyer. 

The  next  point  of  extraoidinary  elevation  is  that  along  the  West 
]^eeatoiiica,  near  Mineral  Point  Tlie  highest  point  of  elevation 
is  apparently  in  thefork  of  the  Pecatonica  and  Pedlar'e  creek, 
QQrtlx  of  the  Mineral  Point  and  PlabteviUe  road.  Tlie  lower  mag«> 
ii9sian  there  rises  above  the  level  of  the  river,  presenting  low 
bluffs  (10 — 12  feet  high)  along  its  banks.  Its  exact  junction  witb- 
thfi  upper  sandstoue  is  there  concealed;  a  considerable  interval^- 
e(^iir^spondiBg  to  its  upper  portion,  intervening.  From  that  point 
thostrata  sink  to  the  north,  as  well  as  to  the  south.  The  sand* 
atpuev  towards  tbo  ^outh,  sinks  to  tJie  level  of  die  Pecatonica,  not' 
&x  aoailiof  Bonner's  brandi.    The  bluffs  of  the  same  rockobvi* 


24 

oxxslj  decline  towards  tbe  north,  but  I  have  not  traced  them  far  » 
that  direction.  There  are»  in  this  district,  the  same  appearances  of 
sadden  local  elevation  as  in  the  preceding.  Thus  on  the  east  side 
o^  the  Pecatonica,  opposite  Bonner's  branch,  the  sandstone  rises  bat 
a  few  feet  (5 — 6)  above  the  river  bottoms,  while  not  more  than  two 
miles  farther  north,  it  occnpies  two  thirds  the  bight  of  a  bluff,  aboot 
60  feet  high,  overlaid  by  the  bine  limestone.  At  Mineral  Point 
village,  the  bine  limestone  rises  high  on  the  sides  of  the  ridges, 
living  onlj  a  moderate  thickness  of  the  flint  bed  at  their  summits^ 
while  the  mineral  openings  are  principally  in  the  lower  bed  of  the 
itpper  magnesian,  and  in  the  blue  limestone.  At  the  Dreadnought 
Kine,  three  miles  north  of  the  village,  the  main  body  of  the  flint 
hed  is  present,  with  its  peculiar  openings,  and  at  Dodge  ville,  near^ 
ly  eight  miles  north,  a  considerable  portion  of  the  upper  bed  of 
the  upper  magnesian  is  also  present.  At  the  Heathcock  Hine 
(Linden,)  six  miles  N.  W.  of  Mineral  Point,  the  blue  limestone 
rises  but  a  few  feet  (8—10)  above  the  level  of  Pedlar's  creek  ad- 
joining. These  facta  indicate  a  dip  of  the  strata  from  the  highest 
point  of  elevation  towards  the  north.  A  similar  dip  is  observable 
to  the  west,  towards  the  Platte  Mounds,  and  to  the  east,  towards 
ibe  high  prairie  ridge,  eeparatmg  the  east  and  west  branches  of 
the  Pecatonica. 

'  Another  point  of  elevation  occurs  on  the  East  Pecatonica,  at  or 
near  Argyle.  At  that  point,  there  is  an  extensive  basin,  in  which 
rise  several  low  ridges,  either  composed  entirely  of  sandstone,  or 
of  sandstone  capped  with  the  blue  limestone.  Different  branches 
of  the  river  here  meet,  from  tbe  north  and  the  east,  and  along  them 
lines  of  elevation  may  be  traced,  for  several  miles,  in  blu£b  of 
sandstone,  gradually  sinking  from  the  centre,  but  subject  to  local 
elevations,  as  in  the  preceding  districts.  This  centre  of  elevation 
is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  high  ridge  extending  west  from  the 
Blue  Mounds,  on  the  east  by  a  range  of  high  prairies  extending^ 
saath*east  from  the  Blue  Mounds  towards  Monroe,  and  on  tbe  west 
hy  the  ridge  separating  the  east  and  west  branches  of  the  Peea^ 


r 


Betuming  towards  the  weat,  another  point  of  elevation  occnn 
on  the  waters  of  the  Platte,  the  centre  of  which  is  apparently  on 
the  Big  Platte  nt  Bald  Blnff  in  Ellenborongh,  where  the  lower 
magnesian  rises  nearly  a  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river. 
The  exact  line  of  junction  with  the  sandstone  is  there  concealed 
by  the  earthy  slope  covering  the  npper  bed  of  the  lower  magne- 
aian.  The  next  lower  bed  of  that  rock  rises  in  a  low  blnff  from 
the  water's  edge.  In  tracing  down  the  Big  Platte,  the  lower  mag- 
nesian appears  to  rise  about  30  feet  above  the  river  level  at  the 
Sed  Dog  bluff,  and  not  more  than  10  to  12  feet  at  the  ferry  on 
the  Galena  and  Potosi  road.  At  the  latter  point,  the  sandstone 
forms  a  low  ridge  in  the  valley  of  the  Piatte,  on  the  west  This  is 
1>eIow  the  junction  of  the  Big  and  Little  Platte  rivers,  and  in  this 
Ticinity,  the  different  strata  appear  at  a  higher  elevation  on  the 
west  than  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  the  upper  surface  of  the 
bine  limestone,  on  the  east,  appearing  but  little  higher  than  that  of 
the  sandstone  on  the  west.  This  point  of  elevation  is  connected 
with  that  on  the  Mississippi,  by  which  the  sandstone  is  raised  above 
the  water  level  from  Sinipee  to  some  distance  above  Potosi,  and 
the  bine  limestone,  towards  the  south,  to  a  point,  on  the  east  side, 
near  Gregoire^s  Ferry  (opposite  Dubuque,)  but  on  the  west  side, 
only  to  Eagle  Point  (above  Dubuque;)  the  strata  being  there 
apparently  most  elevated  on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  On 
the  north,  I  have  not  had  an  opportunity  of  tracing  the  limits  of 
this  centre  of  elevation.  On  the  east,  it  extends  to  the  vicinity 
of  Platteville,  and  is  limited  by  the  country  adjoining  the  Platte 
Mounds,  and  on  the  south,  it  is  confined  by  the  high  prairie 
between  the  Mississippi  and  Fever  river,  near  the  centre  of 
which  rises  the  Sinsinawa  Mound. 

Another  cenlye  of  elevation  apparently  occnrs  on  Grant  river, 
ioatb-easi  of  Beetown,  near  the  jnnotion  of  Pigeon  creek.  At 
that  point  the  sandstone  is  elevated  30 — iO  feet  above  the  river^ 
while  lower  down  on  the  same  river,  at  Waterloo,  it  is  not  ex- 
posed.  The  same  is  true  on  Battlesnake  creek,  towards  the  west, 
mod  on  the  Beetown  branch,  towards  the  northwest ;  only  the 
4 


b^o  limestone  appearing  there  at  the  snrface.  Oa  Bhyce^s  creek) 
8oath-east,  towardi  Pt^toei,  the  blue  limestone  appears  more  ele* 
▼ated  than  ia  the  vicinirj  of  Potosi,  as  if  within  the  limits  of  this 
centre  of  elevation.  Ttiese  limits  are  apparently  the  ridge  of 
Bpyce's  prairie  on  the  east,  the  high  ridge  between  Grant  river  • 
and  Gassville  oa  the  south-west,  and  Blake's  prairie  on  the  north* 

WflSt. 

The  excavations  in  the  mines,  in  the  vicinity  of  these  extraordi- 
nary outcrops  of  the  lower  strata,  are  a  farther  proof  of  sudden 
elevations  of  the  strata;  the  shalls  being  often  sunk  in  the  upper 
strata  to  a  greater  depth  than  would  be  snfHciciit  to  reach  the 
lower,  if  the  range  of  the  latter  from  their  outcrop  was  horizontaL 

From  the  details  of  the  above  arrangement,  some  idea  may.  be. 
formed  of  the  manner  in  which  the  different  strata  occupy  the 
surface  in  the  mineral  district    On  the  higher  portion  of  the 
ridges  and  prairies  bounding  the  centres  of  elevation,  the  upper  . 
bed  of  the  upper  magncsian  occupies  the. surface;  rai>st  so  to- 
wards the  south,  conformably  wiih  the  general  dip  to  the  south. . 
On  some  of  the  higher  points,  even  remains  of  the  pipe  clay,  with 
its  foasiliferous  layeis,  are  observable,  as  already  stated.    These 
I  liave  observed  most  distinctly  at  different  points  on  the  high 
prairie  between  the  Mississippi  and  Fever  river,  both  in  Wiscon- 
sin and  Illinois;  on  the  higUer  grounds  at  the  Blackleg  Diggings,  . 
on  the  line  of  the  two  States;  and  on  the  high  liJge  cast  of  the 
Mississippi^  north  of  Gassville.      Thronghout  these   higher  dia- 
tricts,  the  diggings  are  in  the  upper  bed  of  the  upper  mngnesian. 
On  approaching  the  centres  of  elevation,  or  the  general  northeriji 
outcrop,  a  zone  occurs,  where  the  flint  bed  occupies  the  surface^ 
sometimes  quite  narrow,  and  at  other  times,  particularly  in  tlie 
forks  of  riv€rs,  more  extensive ;  the  upper  bed  either  thinning  off 
gradually,  or  terminating  more  abruptly.    In  the  former  case,  the  ^ 
diggings  arc  often  both  in  the  upi>er  and  flint  bed,  near  the  outerop- 
of  tlio  latter.    Still  nearer  the  centres  of  elevation  or  the  general 
uorxhern  outcrop^  thojluwer  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian  occupies 
n  aimilar  zoqoef  theaurfaee,  and  here  the  same  remaiks  are  appli^ 


8T 

cable  as  in  the  former  instance*  The  bine  limostpoe,  and  Ihe. 
«trata  nnderljing  it,  are  generally  exposed,  in  these  centreSi  ou)j  , 
along  the  sides  of  valleys  and  ravint^s,  and  rarely  occupy  any  {ex- 
tent of  suj  face.  It  would  require  long  continued  observation  to 
collect  the  facts  necessary  for  a  map  exactly  exhibiting  the  extent 
of  the  diderent  strata  occupjing  the  surface.  Such  a  map  would 
be  very  useful,  not  only  in  determining  the  mineral  value  of  pro- 
perty to  some  extent,  but  also  the  probable  character  of  soils^  from 
the  underlying  rock. 

In  the  north  eastern  part  of  the  country  examined  by  me,  along 
the  valley  of  Sugar  river,  and  west  of  Bock  river  between  Madi* 
son  and  Janesville  (south  of  the  outcrop  of  the  lower  magne&ian,) 
thidre  had  been  obviously  aa  extensive  removal  of  the  upper  strata, 
but  not  accompanied,  as  far  as  I  have  observed,  with  such  remark- 
able evidences  of  local  elevation  as  in  the  mineral  district.  la 
the  valley  of  the  west  fork  of  Sugar  river,  south  east  of  the  Blue  ! 
Mounds  (in  the  town  of  Primrose,)  the  lower  magnesian  rises,  how- 
ever, near  30  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  valley,  while  the  surround* 
inghigb  prairie  ridges  are  covered  by  the  upper  bed  of  the  upper 
magnesian.  From  the  valley  of  Sugar  river,  north  east  of  Exetetf 
to  Bock  river,  nortli  of  Janesville,  I  have  observed  no  appearance 
of  the  upper  magnesian.  It  n^ay  occupy  the  surface  of  the  high 
pmiric,  extending  west  from  Bock  river,  at  and  south  of  Janes- 
ville,'but  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  determining  it* 
It«IiQwever  occupies  the  surfacp  farther  west,  at  least  to  the  east 
of'Honroc.  The  country  north  of  that  praiiie,  to  within  6 — 8 
mites  of  Madison,  is  traversed  by  numerous  ridges,  more  or  less 
is9lated,  with  intervening  basins ;  the  higher  ridges,  so  far  as  I  ' 
have  examined  them,  overlaid  or  capped  by  the  blue  limostoniSy 
and  underlaid  by  the  upper  sandstone ;  the  lower  swells  sometimes  * 
formed  entirely  of  the  upper  sandstone.  I  have  observed  the  low 
er .magnesian  in  only  one  instance  in  this  district,  where  it  was 
rcaehed  in  an  excavation  fur  a  well,  at  sixteen  feet,  in  the  plain  on 
the  east  side  of  Sugar  riv^r;  near  the  ^bot  of.  an  ieolatod  tabular 
ridge,  formed  of  the  upper  sandstone  overlaid  by  the  blue  lime- 


28 

Btone.'^  The  blue  limestone,  in  this  district^  sometimes  presents  all 
its  beds  distinctly,  as  in  Donaldson's  qnarrjr,  near  Stoner's  prairie, 
Bouth-west  of  Madison,  and  in  the  Monterey  qnarry  at  Janesville, 
and  sometimes  only  the  middle  and  lower  beds,  or  the  lower  bed 
only,  according  to  the  degree  of  denudation.  In  this  district,  the 
middle  bed  of  the  blue  limestone  has  presented  only  a  uniform  fine, 
grained  rock,  resembling  the  upper  portion  of  that  bed  in  the 
mineral  district.  The  compact  glass  rock  has  not  occurred  dis- 
tinctly. Along  the  northern  border  of  this  district  of  the  blue 
limestone  and  upper  sandstone,  extends  a  narrow  ridge,  occupied 
by  the  lower  magnesian,  presenting  the  peculiar  charactero  of  its 
middle  bed,  as  observed  in  the  mineral  district  This  ridge  ran- 
ges E.  8.  £.  along  the  south  side  of  Dead  Lake,  and  in  an  £.  8.  K 
direction,  by  the  ntiap,  from  the  Wisconsin  near  Arena.  The  sand- 
stone quarries,  west  of  Madison,  lie  2 — 8  miles  north  of  it,  in  a 
parallel  range,  as  if  in  the  position  of  the  lower  sandstone. 

I  have  made  these  statements  in  order  to  correct  an  error  in 
former  reports,  which  presents  a  singular  anomaly  in  the  outcrop 
ef  the  strata,  and  might  lead  to  embarrassment,  particularly  in 
examining  the  eastern  border  of  the  mineral  district  It  has  been 
stated  by  Mr.  Lapham,  in  a  communication  in  Foster  and  Whit- 
ney's Report  (P.  II,  1851,  p.  169,)  that  the  limestone  at  Janesville 
IS  the  lower  magnesian,  underlaid  by  the  lower  siondstone.  This 
has  been  adopted  by  Owen,  in  the  map  accompanying  his  last 
Beport  (1853,)  in  which  the  outcrop  of  the  lower  magnesian  is 
drawn  from  a  point  near  the  Wisconsin  river,  north  of  the  Blue 
Mounds,  along  the  east  side  of  Sugar  river,  south  east  to  Janes- 
TillCb  The  limestone  at  Janesyille  is  clearly  the  blue  limestone, 
presenting  its  three  beds  with  their  distinctive  characters  and  their 
peculiar  fossils.  The  underlying  sandstone  has  as  strictly  the 
characters  of  the  upper  sandstone,  particularly  at  its  junction  with 
the  blue  limestone.  The  same  is  true  at  Donaldson's  quarry, 
where  all  the  beds  of  the  blue  limestone  are  present,  well  charao- 
terized,  and  the  sandstone  underlying  that  and  the  other  more 
northern  localities  of  the  blue  limestone  is  equally  marked  as  the 
vpper  sandstone. 


29 


SURFACE  DEPOSITS. 

The  rocks,  in  phe  min6*-sl  district,  are  overlaid  by  a  deposit  of 
earthy  materials  oF  greater  or  less  thickness,  in  some  places  to*a 
depth  of  more  than  thirty  feet.  Tliis  consists  generally  of  a  strong 
clayey  loam,  called  surface  clay,  of  a  light  brown  color,  forming 
a  subsoil  at  once  free  and  retentive,  and  itself  fertile.  Formed  ap< 
parently  by  subsidence  from  still  water,  from  the  decomposition  of 
the  upper  rocks  of  the  district,  in  which  limestones,  alternating 
more  or  less  with  shales,  predominated,  it  has  at  once  the  charac- 
ters of  a  calcareous  and  argillaceons  soil,  mixed  with  sufScient 
silicious  matter  to  render  it  ea^y  of  tillage.  It  is  only  in  very  wet 
seasons  that  its  adhesive  quality  is  found  inconvenient.  In  dry 
Masons,  when  other  parts  of  the  country,  where  the  soil  is 'lighter 
or  more  entirely  clayey,  have  suffered  from  drought,  this  district 
has  not  been  affected  by  it,  and  has  yielded  abundantly.  It  thus 
offers  the  rare  combination  of  agricultural  capabilities  of  the  first 
order,  united  with  mineral  resources  fully  equal.  Wherever  the 
limestones  form  the  surface  rock,  this  clayey  subsoil  prevails. 
Where  the  upper  sandstone  is  brought  to  the  surface,  there  is  a 
greater  predominance  of  silicious  matter;  but  this  occurs  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  mineral  disstrict.  In  the  valley  of  Sugar 
river,  and  in  the  country  extending  east  from  that  to  Bock  river, 
north  of  the  parallel  of  Janesville,  where  tbe  upper  sandstone  is 
exposed  to  a  larger  extent,  more  sandy  soils  are  frequent,  but  still 
fertile,  and  wherever  the  blue  limestone  extends  in  the  swells 
and  ridges,  more  loamy  soils  are  observable. 

Beneath  the  brown  surface  clay,  there  is  usually  found  a  layer 
of  red  clay,  more  or  less  filled  witli  red  or  yellow  flints,  immedi* 
ately  overlying  tbe  rock,  and  often  found  extt^nding  to  a  greater 
or  less  depth  into  the  open  crevices.  It  is  different  from  tiie  clays 
occupying  the  openings  and  immediately  investing  the  mineral, 
and  has  been  apparently  formed  by  subsidence,  like  the  overlying 
surface  clay. 


30 

The  minoral  district  does  not  appear  to  have  been  invaded  to 
any  extent  by  tlio  gravel  and  biwlder  drift,  which  has  covered  so 
extensively  other  pans  of  tiie  surface  in  this  and  the  adjoining 
states.  Apparently  the  bold  escarpment,  backed  by  the  high 
ridges  and  prairies,  along  the  south  side  of  the  Wisconsin  river 
from  a  point  not  far  east  of  the  Blue  Mounds,  has  obstructed  the 
course  of  the  drift  current,  and  turned  it  east  and  south  around  the 
east  point  of  tlie  lidge  at  those  mounds.  An  opening  near  the 
Bourc3  of  Sugar  river  seems  to  have  given  passage  to  thatcurreot^ 
by  which  large  accnniulations  of  gravel  drifc  have  been  fojooed 
along  the  west  side  of  the  valley  of  that  river,  near  Exeter,  and  of 
bowlder  and  gravel  drift  farther  east,  while  scattered  bowldei^,  u»> 
nally  of  no  great  size,  are  found  in  the  side  valleys,  and  on  tlie 
slopes  of  the  adjoining  ridges  and  prairies^  towards  the  west,  as  far 
south  at  least  as  the  vicinity  of  Monroe.  In  the  tract  of  countjry 
occupied  by  the  blue  limestone  and  upper  sandstone,  between  the 
high  prairie,  west  of  Janesville,  and  tlie  ridge  of  the  lower  mttg* 
nesian,  80\ith  of  Madison,  accumulations  of  such  diluvial  drift  are 
comparatively  small  and  unfrequent,  but  with  occasional  exoep- 
tions,  while  on  the  north  of  that  ridge  tliey  are  large  and  exton* 
sive ;  that  ridge  having  also  acted  appaiently  as  an  obstruction  to 
their  pnigresp.  My  observations  in  that  part  of  the  country,  cot- 
ered  more  or  less  by  this  diluvial  diift,  have  been  very  limited^ 
and  a  farther  consideration  ot  its  extent  must  be  deferred  to  a  fa<- 
ture  occasion.  Tie  bowlders  and  smaller  rock  fragment^,  compos*- 
ing  this  drift,  are  chiefly  djerived  from  primary  and  trap  rockSi 
though  partly  from  the  flints  (homstones  and  quartz)  accompanyv 
ing  the  limtstone?),  particularly  the  lower  magriesian.  Small 
nodules  of  hematite,  and  of  iron  pyrites  partly  converted  into 
hematite,  such  as  occur  at  the  junction  of  the  bine  limestono  and 
upper  sandst  me,  are  frequently  found  in  this  drift  and  scattered 
«i  the  adjoining  surface. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the  snrface  of 
(he  higher  ridges  and  pra'ries  adjacent,  accuinn'ations  of  drift  are 
occasionally  fuundi  in  some  instances  quite  exteusiro,  composed  of 


81 

a  fine  sand,  nsnally  yellow  or  light  broien,  119  if  Ibrmed  from  <be 
Undatone  ad  juining  that  river  towards  the  north.  Tlicao  arc  gen- 
erally arranged  in  Iiinoeks,  with  intervening  ronnd  hollows  or  ba- 
tins,  euch  ns  are  common  in  dritl  districts.  This  9and,  on  the  stir- 
faei'i  is  mixed  more  or  less  witii  monid,  forming  a  light  soil,  bnt  at 
.  a  email  depth  is  sufficiently  pnre  for  mortar.  A  tract  of  2--^3 
sqnare  miles,  covered  with  snch  drifr,and  remarkable  for  its  hil- 
l<A^ks  and  hollows,  extends  from  iho  bluffs  of  the  Missiscjippi  to  the 
•valley  of  the  Oreat  Menominee,  8.  W.  of  Jamestown  village,  arid 
similar  accnmulations  are  met  with  on  the  high  lands,  adjoining 
the  Misdiesippi,  between  Potosi  and  Cassville.  On  the'snniwits  of 
the  river  bln*li^,  particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  Oassville,  small 
rolled  fragments  of  the  eame  materials  as  those  composing  the 
gravel  drift,  above  noticed,  are  often  profusely  scattered.  These 
facts  indicate  the  passage  of  a  peculiar  drift  current  along  the  conrae 
«f  the  Mississippi^  and  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  points 
wh^o  those  accumulations  are  most  remarkable  are  a  little  bel(nr 
two  large  bends  in  that  river,  namely,  that  from  sonth  to  south- 
east jnst  above  Cassville,  and  that  to  the  south  between  Dubuqto 
and  Potosi.  Such  a  deflection  would  naturally  cause  an  eddy^  aud 
thus  lead  to  those  accumulations. 

MINERAL  DEPOSIIBw 

The  first  object  of  the  present  survey  is  the  investigation  of  tfae 
Xcad  Mines  of  the  mineral  district,  and  of  the  diSerent  useful 
minerals  connected  with  them.  The  previous  description  of  tfao 
strata  is  important,  as  fixing  definite  limits  in  mining,  and  from 
their  peculiar  connexions  with  the  mineral  deposits. 

The  metallic  ores  found  in  the  mineral  district  are  chiefly  the 
tulphnrets  of  lead,  zinc,  iron  and  copper.  Other  ores  of  these 
Inetalsare  also  found,  formed  apparently  by  rccom|)08ition  from 
Ibe  decomposed  snlphuretd.  Such  are  the  sulphate  and  carbonate 
M  \\  ad,  X\\i  carbonate  and  silicate  of  zinc,  the  sulphate  and  lijdra- 
fdd  oxyd  of  irot^aud  the  carbonate  of  copper.  The  black  oxyd  of 


82 

manganese  aUo  frequently  aceompaniee  tlie  mineral  deposits.  Of 
these  orep,  the  Enlphuret  of  lead  (galena)  is  the  most  important, 
and  that  which  has  been  hitherto  the  sole  object  of  mining  in  the 
mineral  district,  except  in  one  instance  (that  of  the  copper,  at  Min^ 
eral  Point.)  I  shall  therefore  make  it  the  first  object  of  my  atten- 
tion, and  notice  the  others  only  as  far  as  they  have  an  immediate 
connexion  with  it.  The  term  mineral^  in  the  mining  district,  is 
restricted  to  the  ores  of  lead,  and  without  addition  to  the  snlphu- 
ret,  and  is  the  term  generally  used  there  for  the  latter.  I  shall  for 
.  convenience  nse  it  in  that  sense,  in  what  follows. 

The  first  subject  to  be  considered,  is  the  manner  in  which  the 
mineral  is  deposited.  It  is  a  matter  of  great  interest  to  determine, 
whether  the  mineral  is  arranged  in  continued  veins,  or  in  detached 
and  casual  deposits.  The  prospects  of  mining  must  be  much 
greater,  if  the  former  arrangement  prevails,  than  if  the  latter. 
Daring  the  whole  coarse  of  my  examination  of  the  mines,  I  have 
made  this  a  particular  object  of  attention,  and  although  inter- 
ruptions in  the  deposit  of  the  mineral  are  general,  as  I  believe  is 
the  case  in  all  reins,  yet  the  characters  of  a  vein  arrangement 
have  appeared  every-where  to  predominate. 

The  mineral  deposits,  whatever  may  be  their  character,  are 
usually  arranged  along  continued  lines,  having  a  certain  direc* 
tion,  thus  forming  ranges  or  leads  (lodes.)  Tliese  ranges  are  moat* 
ly  combined,  in  a  certain  systematic  order,  into  different  gronps, 
called  diggings,  between  which  there  is  a  greater  or  less  extent  of 
country  in  which  little  or  no  mineral  has  been  discovered.  These 
groups  are  also  connected,  in  a  corresponding  order,  in  more  ex- 
tensive series,  showing  the  general  prevalence  of  systematic  ar- 
rangement. As  little  has  been  done  in  deep  mining,  and  the 
deepest  shafts  yet  simk  have  been  abandoned,  I  have  had  fewer 
opportunities  than  I  could  wish,  of  tracing  the  mineral,  at  the  same 
point,  through  different  strata.  Still  in  several  instances  I  have 
followed  it  without  interrnption,  or  with  only  such  minor  interrup- 
tions as  are  common  in  veins,  through  different  strata.  The  mii^ 
eral  deposits  exhibit  too,  in  the  different  strata,  peculiar  arranigo- 


33 

ments,  which  are  common  to  each  throughout  the  mineral  district, 
subject  only  to  local  modifications ;  thus  showing  the  prevalence 
of  arrangement  in  a  vertical  as  well  as  horizontal  order. 

The  ranges  or  leads  have  different  directions,  which  preserve  a 
great  degree  of  regularity  in  the  different  groups  or  even  more 
extended  series.  Three  different  classes  of  ranges  are  recognized, 
according  to  their  direction,  namely,  East  and  West,  JTorth  and 
South,  and  quartering ;  the  last  intermediate  between  the  two  for- 
mer. Of  these,  the  East  and  "West  are  the  most  important,  and 
apparently  have  had  a  leading  influence  in  the  arrangement.  The 
term  East  and  West  is  not  limited  to  such. as  are  due  east  and 
west,  or  nearly  so,  but  in  different  groups  is  applied  to  the  pre- 
dominant ranges  having  a  general  east  and  west  bearing,  al- 
though in  some  instances  they  may  deviate  eveu  45^  from 
a  due  east  and  west  course.  The  term  ISTorth  and  South  is  also 
applied  to  ranges  which  deviate  considerably  from  a  due  north  and 
south  course,  but  rarely  to  those  which  deviate]  more  fthan  one 
sixteenth.  Quartering  ranges  (called  by  the  miners  ^withers  and 
oontras)  include  all  such  in  a  group  as  do  not  belong  to  either  of 
the  preceding  divisions.  Hiey  are  such  ranges  as  meet  a  leading 
range,  particularly  an  East  and  West,  at  an  oblique  angle ;  conse- 
quently when  the  leading  East  and  West  ranges  deviate  from  a 
due  east  and  west  course,  a  due  East  and  West  range  would  be 
considered  quartering. 

In  general,  the  space  in  which  the  mineral  is  deposited,  or 
through  which  it  is  distributed,  if  of  much  extent,  is  called  an 
opening.  This  is  sometimes  filled  with  loose  materials,  and  these 
by  settling  often  leave  a  void  between  them  and  the  roof,  usually 
of  no  great  extent ;  but  in  some  instances  larger  cavities,  or  caves, 
have  been  so  formed.  In  other  instances,  the  opening  is  merely 
a  (Certain  extent  of  the  rock,  more  {or  lessjmodified,' through  which 
the  mineral  is  distributed.  Indeed,  in  nearly  all  those  instances 
ill  which  the  openings  ai;e  filled  with  loose  materials,  these  appear 
obviously  to  hare  been  derived  from  the  decompositi<»i  ,of  ttie 
Tock,  and  not  from  materials  deposited  subsequently.    Suchoptn- 


34 

ingB  differ  from  those  in  vhicli  the  rock  is  onlj  modified,  by  the 
greater  degree  of  decomposition  the  roek  has  nndergone.  The 
rock  iramediatelj  adjoining  the  openings  is  nsnally  harder  and 
more  compact  than  the  rock  in  general.  That  included  in  the 
openings  is  generally  softer  and  more  decomposed,  and  more  or 
le|S8  stained  with  oxyd  of  iron.  Different  Bubstances  are  also  de- 
posited in  it,  besides  the  mineral,  such  as  other  metallic  ores,  clay, 
calcareous  spar  and  sulphate  of  barytes.*  Openings,  according  to 
their  direction  and  the  manner  in  which  the  mineral  is  arranged 
in  them,  are  vertical,  flat  (horizontal,)  or  pitching  (oblique).  The 
two  first  mark  an  important  distinction  in  the  arrangement  in  the 
different  strata ;  the  vertical  openings  predominating  in  the  upp^r 
part  of  the  upper  magnesian ;  the  fiat  openings  in  the  middle  and 
lower  portions  of  the  same,  and  in  the  blue  limestone. 

Although  there  are  certain  general  principles  which  seem  to 
.have  governed  the  arrangement  of  the  mineral^  yet  numerous 
modifications  occur,  the  details  of  which  may  be  first  given,  be- 
fore stating  the  former.  In  this  detail,  I  shall  commence  with  the 
arrangements  observed  in  the  upper  part  of  the  upper  magnesian. 
.The  first  and  simplest  form  is  that  of  the  crevice.  This  maybe 
either  a  joint  in  the  rock,  marked  by  an  iron  stain,  or  a  fissure  of 
little  width,  occupied  by  a  seam  of  clay,  or  of  ochre  and  iron  rdst 
(hematite);  the  two  latter  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  iron 
pyrites,  which  sometimes,  though  rarely,  is  found  in  their  place. 
Though  the  walls  of  the  fissure  arc  nearly  parallel,  yet  it  is  usually 
marked  by  enlargements  and  contractions  of  Uttle  extent.  In 
such  a  fissure,  the  mineral  occurs  as  a  sheet,  either  closely  wedged 
in  the  rock,  or  separated  from  it  by  a  thin  seam  of  clay  or  iron.. 
Such  sheets  usually  conform  on  their  surface  to  the  adjoining  sub- 

i ,     f  SilfX,  in  ibe  form  of  quarts  or  otberwiee  Mgreg^tod,  esccpt  u  fiiotk  rarely  Accom- 

i  .pf^>^  ^*  miDenl,  or  i9  ditteminated  id  the  openip/;  rock.    In  one  of  the  North  and 

Soutba.  tX  SkiUmore's  Diggiogs,  a  fiDC-graineJ  ulicioua  grit  accompaDied  the  Bbecil!  of 

mineral,  as  a  matrii,  arranged  in  aheet  form  between  it  and  the  rock ;  and  in  a  brotm 

-  Mck  op^tting.  on  the  west  aide  of  Coon  Bhncb,  near  Benton  Tillage^  ciyatalline  qi^arta 

iraa  found  diaaeminnted  throoch  the  opening  rock,  ia  placo  of  the  ealoanona  fpir 


35 

Hitasm,  but  oeoasionallj  present  a  luore  or  lets  tegolar  fonn, 
where  the  fissure  is  somewbat  enlarged  and  tbe  sheet  is  imbedded 
in  daj.  They  are  usually  less  interrupted  than  other  forms  of 
arrangement;  in  aome  iostanees,  very  little  interrupted ;  in  others, 
mate  so,  when  they  are  called  broken  sheets.  When  interrupt- 
ed, thBy  are  replaced  by  clay  or  iron  ore,  and  sometimes  by 
Mlaareous  spar,  sulphate  of  barytos  or  xinc  ore;  but  very  rare* 
ly  by  the  three  latter  in  the  upper  part  of  the  upper  magnesian. 
Calcareous  spar  not  unfrequently  interrupts  tbo  vertical  sheets 
in  the  lower  part  of  that  rock,  and  the  mineral,  when  in  contact 
with  it,  shows  the  same  tendency  to  regular  forms,  as  when  im- 
bedded in  day.*  These  sheets  vary  in  thickness  from  a  mere 
seam  or  film  to  a  foot  or  more,  and  when  even  less  than  an.  inph 
in  thickness,  are  generally  profitable,  from  their  little  interruption, 
and  when  of  great  thickness,  are,  from  the  same  circumstauce,  pf 
extraordinary  value.  They  may  be  either  vertical,  pitching  or 
flat  (horizontal;)  but  the  fiat  sheets  are  rather  parts  of  a  more 
complex  arrangement,  while  the  vertical  and  pitching  sheets  may 
occur  separately.  These  last  are  found  with  all  the  different  bear- 
ings  above  specified ;  but  the  Korth  and  South,  sheets  are  the  most 
common  and  the  most  important.  Not  unfrequently  two  or  more 
sheets  are  connected ;  the  rock  between  them  being  softer  and 
more  jointed,  and  forming  properly  an  openicg.  In  suph  instan- 
ces, more  clay  and  iron  are  usually  present  than  where  a  single 
sheet  only  occurs.  Such  sheets  often  unite,  in  their  course,  in,  a 
single  sheet,  which  again  divides,  or  are  connected  by  cross  sheets, 
usually  in  a  quartering  direction.  In  such  ibstances,  there  is  gen- 
erally an  enlargement  at  the  junction  of  the  sheets,  where  the 
mineral  often  assumes  its  more  regular  forms,  and  even  loses  its 
sheet  character,  and  takes  that  more  peculiar  to  the  wider  op^« 
iugs. 

Yertical  sheets  have  been  sometimes  worked  to  a  great  .extent 
and  with  little  interrnption,  vertically  as  well  as  horizontally,  and 


^  Tb*  cakanoos  spar  in  neb  iaaUiioi  ^mawimmiMjMf  mjitalKtntrSrtMnlitly 
la  l^lbim  of  dogotooUi  apar. 


36 

hare  been  traced  through  different  beds  ia  the  same  iDBtance,  and 
in  different  localities  have  been  obaerred  trayersing  some  of  all 
the  limestone  strata  above  the  upper  sandstone.  I  hare  obserred 
Bueh  sheets  followed  to  the  depth  of  80 — 90  feet  through  different 
beds  of  the  npper  magnesian,  and  at  the  lowest  depth  still  contin- 
ued, sometimes  increasing  in  thickness.  Others  are  reported  to 
hare  been  followed  to  the  depth  of  considerably  more  tbaa  100 
feet  and  left  still  going  down  * 

When  the  crevice  is  of  much  width,  and  its  walls  are  nearly 
parallel,  it  is  called  a  crevice  opening.  The  space,  traversed  by 
two  or  more  connected  sheets,  might  be  called  such ;  but  the  term 
is  usually  applied  to  an  opening  of  a  foot  or  more  in  widtli,  in 
which  the  mineral  occurs  in  some  other  form  than  that  of  a  sheet. 
Such  openings  are  nearly  always  quite  vertical,  but  occasionally 
local  pitches  occur.  The  walls  of  such  openings  are  rarely  strict- 
ly parallel,  but  there  is  usually  a  series  of  enlargements  and  coii- 
tractions.  This  tendency  to  enlargement  and  contraction  is  com- 
mon, and  is  accompanied  more  or  less  by  lateral  cavities  of  differ-  ■ 
ent  size  and  form.  Indeed  it  may  be  said  that  those  openings, 
which  continue  with  little  variation  in  width  to  a  great  extent, 
vertically  or  in  the  direction  of  their  course,  are  one  extreme,  and 
that  a  series  of  isolated  openings  or  cavities  (called  pockets.)  con- 
nected by  mineral  seams,  such  as  have  been  mentioned,  are  the 
other,  between  which  almost  every  degree  of  alternate  enlarge- 
ment and  contraction  may  be  found.  Openings  are  more  rarely 
found  of  much  extent  vertically  *than  in  the  direction  of  their 
course.  Thus  in  sinking  on  a  crevice,  different  openings  will  be 
found,  one  beneath  another,  little  interrupted  in  the  direction  of 
their  course,  but  generally  separated  from  each  other  by  close  rock, 
traversed  only  by  a  mineral  seam,  yet  occasionally  connected  in 
part  by  long  narrow  crevices,  or  by  shorter  and  wider  passages ; 
the  last  sometimes  rising  to  a  greater  or  less  height  abov6  the 


*  The  largest  North  and  South  abeet  at  the  Eaat  Blackleg  Diggings  ia  said  to  hare  been 
ftDowisd  dewn  to  the  4epth  of  140  feel^  at  the  eagfne  shaft,  and  left  still  going  down, 
although  with  diminished  thieknesfl. 


37 

upper  opening,  and  then  called  chimneyB.  In  some  instances^  in* 
Btead  of  this  series  of  openings,  one  beneatb  the  other,  separated, 
bj  close  rock,  there  is  only  a  series  of  enlargements,  corresponding 
to  the  openings,  separated  hj  alternate  contractions ;  the  crevice 
remaining  open  throughout  the  descent.  Different  ranges  in  the 
same  gronp  occasionally  differ  in  this  respect ;  one  being  marked^ 
by  distinct  openings,  and  another  adjacent,  only  by  enlargements^ 
and  contractions.  Different  ranges  are  also  distinguished  in  the 
same  manner,  in  tho  direction  of  their  course ;  the  openings  in  one 
presenting  a  series  of  isolated  cavities  or  pockets^  in  that  dif  ection^ 
separated  by  close  rock,  marked  by  a  mineral  seam,  and  in  anoth- 
er, only  alternate  enlargements  and  contractions.  Whenever,  in 
such  cases,  the  pockets  or  enlargements  rise  to  a  considerable 
height  above  the  range  of  the  opening,  they  are  also  called  chim- 
neys. 

These  are  the  most  usual  forms  assumed  by  the  vertical  open- 
ings in  the  upper  part  of  the  upper  magnesian.  They  commence 
at  different  depths  in  the  rock,  sometimes  near  or  at  its  upper  sur- 
face, sometimes  at  the  depth  of  many  feet.  Where  the  whole 
thickness  of  the  upper  magnesian  is  present,  together  with  the 
overlying  blue  shale  or  pipe  clay,  I  have  never  seen  the  crevices  or 
openings  penetrate  the  latter,  or  even  the  thin  bed  of  schistose  lime- 
stone, called  shingle  rock,  sometimes  overlying  the  thicker  layers 
of  the  upper  magnesian.  But  often  the  crevice  is  struck  imme- 
diately on  entering  tho  thicker  layers  of  that  rock,  and  the  open- 
ing soon  after,  and  iu  some  instances,  I  have  observed  the 
openings  rise  to  its  upper  surface,  and  immediately  overlaid  by 
the  pipe  clay  or  blue  shale.  Where  these  or  the  upper  part  of 
the  upper  magnesian  hare  been  denuded,  such  openings  reach  to 
the  surface  of  the  rock,  and  are  called  open  crevices.  More  geue- 
rally,  although  the  crevice  may  at  times  be  struck  at  little  depth 
in  the  rock,  the  opening  is  not  reached  till  at  a  greater  depth, 
'  which  in  each  group  is  usually  common  to  all  the  ranges.  Thi3 
may  be  called  the  level  of  the  openings,  and  it  is  at  this  depth, 


35 

known  by  experience  In  the  different  localities,  Hmt  Qpwiiig«  «i^ 
eSrpBoted.* 

The  openings  sometimes  gradually  expand  from  a  narrow  ore- 
Vice,  but  more  usually  terminate  above  in  a  low  arch,  or  are  flat- 
rttofed.  Hie  rock  immediately  above  the  opening  is  called  the 
cap,  and  when  one  opening  lies  below  another,  the  rock  separat- 
ing them  is  the  cap  of  the  lower.  It  has  been  already  elated, 
tiat  the  rock  immediately  adjoining  the  openings  is  harder  than 
tii6  roc^  generally.  This  is  particularly  true  of  the  cap,  and  when 
Jn  sinking  on  a  crevic^,  the  rock  becomes  unusually  hard,  an 
opening  is  expected. 

The  openings,  now  under  consideration,  are  usually  filled  with 
soft  and  loose  materials,  which  seem  to  have  been  formed  by  the 
decomposition  of  the  rock  originally  occupying  them.  These  are 
usually  what  are  called  sand,  clay  and  tumbling  rock ;  the  sand 
derived  from  the  decomposition  of  the  limestone ;  the  clay,  from 
that  of  shale  orclaystone;  while  the  tumbling  rock  is  but  the  har- 
der and  more  compact  portion  of  the  limestone,  which  has  jeeist- 
©d  dcpompoaitiou.  In  examining  these  materials,  I  have  almost  in- 
variably found  the  sand  and  tumbling  rock  conforming  distinctly, 
in  their  arrangement,  to  the  stratification  of  the  limestone,  and  the 
clay  either  arranged  as  distinctly  in  the  same  order,  or  aj)pearing 
as  an  original  matrix  of  the  mineral. 

I  have  already  stated  that  the  term  opening  is  also  applied  to 

'  * '  The  or«vi<H!S  are  not  only  iutetrtipted  thojc  by  tbe  blue  tthalo  fliid  Jibingle  cock, 
|»ato|t«D  bj  many  ftoetof  the  upper  rai^esUiD,  and  aro  so^ietimcii  ^ruck  only. at  a 
short  distance  above  the  opening.  A  mineral  crevice  usually  first  shows  an  iron  slaia 
on  its  walls,  and  lower  down  a  seam  ef  clay  or  hematite  (iron  rust,)  and  often  sUU 
nearer  the  opening,  a  sheet  of  mineral,  or  detached  pieces  of  the  safne  in  ashe^t  or  vein 
'pbskion,  leadtng-to  the  opening.  Oaen  a  seam  of  black  ochre  (osyd  of  mangaiwM) 
pneed<:4  the  miAera],  indicating  its  coar  approacbi  and  the  latter,  when  .first  met,  it 
nsnally  more  or  less  coated  with  the  carbonate.  Not  only  is  it  common  to  find  a  seam 
of  clay  bordering  sheets  and  veins,  or  otherwise  investing  the  mineral  as  a  matrix,  but 
I  have  observed  flat-roofed  or  low -arched  vertical  openings  Kned  by  a  smooth  nabrokaii. 
Mam  of  joint  day,  mora  or  less  completely  investing  them,  and  yet  th«  poaUmls 
inolossd, except  the  mineral  and  its  iminedkte  matrix,  arranged  confoimably  to  tb^stra- 
iifioation,  and  apparently  altered  or  modified  portions  of  the  rock. 


limited  portions  of  the  rock,  less  disintegrated,  marked  by  certain 
peeuHar  characters,  and  traversed  by  the  mioeral,  or  through 
which  it  is  disseminated.  In  snch  instances,  other  substancM^ 
besides  the  mineral,  may  traverse:  the  rock,  or  be  disaeminated 
tim>ngb  it,  such' as  other  metallic  ores,  day,  caioareons  spar' sod 
sulphate  of  barytes.  Iron  pyrites  is  always  origioally  preseotia 
su^h  portions  <>f  rock,  and  has  generally  suffered  more  or  less.de* 
oomposition,  leading  to  the^  disintegration  of  tha.  rock,  ami  to  tha 
fenmginons stain  coimmon  to  all  openings.  The  limestone,  in  anch 
openings,  even  when  least  altered,  appears  to  be  made  np  of  blUrd 
compact  concretions,  little  or  not  at  allsnbjeetto  etain  or  disinUi* 
grate,  imbedded  in  a  ground  of  nxore'^Amular  atmctura,  more  or 
less  subject'to  stain  and  disintegrato  from  diseemiaated  .pyritsa 
9?'hen  this  part  of  therockis  stained,  as  is  usual,  the  rock  of  .the 
lOpemng  has  a  peculiar  o^ottled  appearance,  and  ia  Called  caitee 
rook,  in  eome  localities*  Tlits  is  peculiarly  characteristic' of' tho 
fiat  openings  In  the  lower  beds  of  the  upper  magnesiaiui,  paetiott- 
larly  in  the  flint  bed.  -  In  the  vortical  openings  in  tho>  upper ^paxt 
of  the  upper  niagnesian,  the  tumbling  rock  corresponds  lo  ihe 
liarder  unstained- nodules  or  concretions  in  the  calico  rock,  but 
usually  of  a  much  larger  size,  and  the  sand  tx>  tbo  stained  and 
«oftened  ground  of  the  lattor. 

*  *  In  the  vertical  openings  in  this  upper  part  of  the  upper  ma^e- 
cian,  the  mineral,  in  general,  is  arranged  vertically.  In  these 
'<)penings,  it  shows  a  greater  or  less  tendency  toaseume  ife  regular 
cubic  form.  When  its  form  is  iaore  regular,  it  is  called  square 
mineral;  and  when  a  number  of  cubes  are  combined,  particularly 
in  a  sheet,  it  is  called  cog  mineral.  When  its  form  is  niore'irre- 
jgular,,  showing  only  an  app^-pach  to  its  regular  cubic  form,  but  in 
more  or.less  detached  masses,  it  is  called  chunk  mineral. 

Tlie  cubes  or  more  irregular  £orim  are  in^amged,  in  the  vertieal 
openings,  in  a  certain  order,  more. or  less  distinct,  whieh  ipa|^  bo 
'oalled  the  Viiin  order.  This  is  most  distinctin  the  East  and  West 
ranges,  but  may  be  traced  more  or  less  even  in  the  North  and  South 
sheets,  where  an  approach  to  the  cubic  form  is  observable^  .and 


40 

mAj  be  alfio  recognized  in  the  arrangement  of  the  mineral  in  the 
flat  openings.  In  this  order,  the  cubes  or  masses  deviate  from  a 
a  diroct  line,altematelj  to  the  right  and  left,  forming  a  zig-xag, 
bat  in  such  a  manner  as  to  continue  the  general  direction.  When 
a  crevice  is  of  little  width,  it  is  nsnallj  traversed  bj  a  single  vein, 
or  couae  of  mineral  in  yein  order,  usually  accompanied  by  day 
as  its  matrix.  But  if  this  be  examined  strictly,  it  will  be  general- 
ly found  double,  or  divided  by  a  middle  seam  into  two  series  of 
cubes  or  less  regular  forms,  and  the  same  is  equally  true  of  the 
sheets,  which,  as  I  have  observed,  occasionally  in  the  wider  parta 
of  their  crevices  approacPthe  regular  form  of  the  mineral.  This 
too  is  often  observed  where  the  sheets  are  met  by  cross  crevicea. 
When  a  narrow  crevice  widens,  the  single  vein  divides,  each  of  its 
symmetrical  parts  being  continued  along  its  wall,  or  sometimes 
only  one  of  them,  the  other  being  interrupted*  The  surface  <^ 
the  mineral  next  the  wall  is  then  less  regular,  and  conforms  in 
general  to  the  surfieu^e  to  which  it  adheres;  that  towards  the  mid- 
dle of  the  crevice,  which  is  usually  occupied  by  clay,  is  more  reg- 
ular;  the  whole  yein^  in  this  instance,  forming  a  more  or  less  per- 
feet  geode.  Where  the  crevice  alternately  widens  and  contracts, 
the  same  alternation  will  be  observed  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
vein.  Such  geodes  or  more  irregular  deposits,  in  the  enlarged 
portions  of  the  vein,  are  called  bunches.  In  some  veins  there  is  a 
greater  tendency  to  form  bunches  than  in  others,  and  in  such  cases 
the  interveningTportion  of  the  vein  is  usually  diminished  or  even 
interrupted.  The  arrangement  of  the  vein  thus  corresponds  to 
that  of  the  openings. 

Where  the  opening  is  wide,  and  includes  considerable  masses 
of  tumbling  rock,  it  may  contain  several  such  veins  or  courses 
of  miaeral,  separated  by  .the  masses  of  rock,  which  may  either 
«nite,  or  be  connected  by  smaller  cross  veins*  Sometimes  the 
.wider  vertical  openings  are  traversed  longitudinally,  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent,  by  one  or  more  vertical  masses  of  rock,  called 
k»y-rocks;  but  these  rarely  divide  the  openings  completely,  but 
are  more  or  less  insulated,  corresponding  to  the  horses  of  English 


41 

minera.  These  are  particularly  connected  with  an  important 
arrangement  observed,  in  several  instances,  in  the  nppcr  part 
of  the  upper  magnesian.  This  occurs,  when,  in  a  wide  open- 
ing, with  a  flat  or  slightly  arched  roof  or  cap,  the  lower  part  is 
chiefly  occupied  by  one  or  more  key-rocks,  rising  towards  the  roof, 
but  leaving  an  interval  of  greater  or  less  width  above.  Veins  of 
mineral  rise  in  the  intervals  between  the  walls  and  key-rocks,  ov 
between  the  key-rocks  themselves,  and  pass  over  the  top  of  the 
key-rocks  in  the  Xfianner  of  a  flat  sheet ;  the  whole  being  thus  con* 
Bected.  Some  of  the  heaviest  bodies  of  mineral  have  been  found 
thus  arranged.  The  lead  struck  about  a  year  since,  at  Tumer't 
Diggings,  eastof  theSinsinawa  Mound,  and  one  of  the  most  prodnc^ 
tive  for  the  time  it  has  been  worked,  is  of  that  kind.  In  some  few 
instances,  large  bodies  of  mineral  have  been  found  on  the  sur&ce 
of  the  rock,  where  it  had  suffered  denudation,  lying  between  two 
vertical  veins  in  the  rock ;  apparently  resulting  from  such  an  ar- 
rangement. A  remarkable  instance  of  this  kind  occurred  at  Sel- 
kirk's Grove,  west  ef  Benton  village,  and  a  similar  body  of  mineral 
was  found  in  a  ravine,  near  the  lead  at  Tumer^s,  lying  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  rock,  on  one  side  of  which  at  least  a  vertical  vein  was 
seen  entering  the  latter. 

An  analogous  arrangement  is  observed  in  the  wide  openings, 
called  caves, remarkable  instances  of  which  occur  in  the  Dubuque 
district  Yeins  rise  there  along  the  aides,  and  are  continued  up- 
wards into  the  sides  of  the  roof,  and  at  the  same  time  send  flat 
sheets  along  the  roof,  the  two  from  the  opposite  sides  meeting  at 
a  middle  crevice  in  the  roof,  and  sending  up  through  it  a  vertical 
vein,  which  often  presents  a  geode  as  it  enters  the  crevice,  as  if 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two.  In  one  instance,  where  a  cross 
section  of  the  roof  was  exhibited,  (at  Stewart's  cave,)  the  lateral 
vertical  veins  sent  across  other  flat  sheets  through  seams  in  the 
cap-rock  to  the  middle  vertical  vein.  The  flat  sheets,  crossing  un- 
der the  roof  and  in  the  rock  aboye,  are  generally  thinner  and  more 
interrupted  near  the  middle  point  between  the  side  and  middle 
vertical  veins ;  a  fact  generally  observable  in  flat  sheets  interposed 

6 


42 

between  vertical  vein8,"a8  if  the  formative  action  proceeded  from 

the  latter. 

In  some  instances,  in  wide  openioge^  where  no  key-rocks  are 
{M-esent,  an  arrangement  similar  to  thkt  in  the  roof  of  Stewart's 'Cave 
ib  obsrerved  in  the  soft  ground  of  the  opening  iUelf ;  £lAt  sheets  ivot 
Ofil  J  extending  aorofis  imder  the  roof,  bttt  at  intervals  below;  the 
openihg  being  then  oceupied  bj  decomposed  rock,'arran&:ed  oon- 
fbhiiably  to  the  stratification.  Sometimes  the  flat  sheets  extend  only 
0iifa<«t  distance  from  the  side  vetna,  and  inotfaer  instances,  the  side 
Veins  rise  only  pardy  towards  the  roof,  and  tenniuate  in  fiat  sheets 
extending  but  partly  across  the  opening.  In  one  instance^  in  such 
tk  wide  opening  (at  the  Oast  end  of  Hoghlett^  lead,  north  of  Gale- 
na,) a  layei*  of  hard  rock  was  interposed  in  the  soift  ground  in  the 
iower  part  of  tlie  openings  asif  dividing  it  into  an  upper  and  lower, 
<>eIow  which  a  flat  sheet  extended  across  the  openings  while  the 
tetoral  vortical  veins  were  continued  unihtermptedly  on-  its  isides. 

The  same  vertical  opening  sometimes  j)re5cnt6  different  arrange- 
ments in  diff*erent  parts  of  its  course;  in  one  part,  only  a  single 
vertical  vein,  occasiorjally  enlarging  into  bunches  or  gcodes;  and  in 
another  part,  arrangements  such  as  have  been  last  described ;  the 
opening  enlarging  and  varying  in  form  correspondingly.  Thus  a 
wide  cave  opening  *will  sometimes  pass  at  no'greatrdistaQcC'ioto  a 
narrow  creWce  opening,  and  die  arrangement  of  the  mineml  will 
thange  from'  that  of  >  lateral  vertical  veias,  meeting,  by  crosa  flat 
^fihcets  in  the  roofer  below  in  the,  opening,  to  tbat  of  ^  single  v^r- 
^tical  sheet  or  vein.  This  latter  vvill,  in  some  partft  of  its  coune, 
'foim  a  proper  sheet;  in. others,  a  rein  marked  by  cubes,  moi^  or 
loss  distinct,  in  regular  vein  order;  and  in  others,  geodes  or  bunches, 
ftnd  these  last  either  connected  by  intervening  sheets  or  veins,. or 
mobe  or  }c88  detached  and  interrupted.  In  the  latteiB  ease,  how- 
eter,  the  connexion  may  be  traced  by  a  mineral  seam,  more  or  less 
distinctly  mai-ked. 

I  have  already  observed  that  the  same  crevice  sometimes  in- 
cludes distinct  sheets  or  veins,  occasionally  uniting  in  one,  or  con- 


43 

nectQd  by  cro^  sheaU  or  veiqp.  In  like  manner,  diatinet  crevices^ 
^itb^tbeir  veins,  aometunes  uqite  or  are  oonnectecl  bj  croaa  ere* 
yk^  and  veins.  At  aacU  points  of  jancciooy  there  ia  usually  an 
wti*aordi<|{u:y  increase  of  tUe  mineral  and  the  smaller  vein  is  then 
]:egarded  as  a  feeder  of  the  larger.  The  East  and  West  veins  are 
usually  the  leading  veins^  and  tbo  If  orth  and  Soutli  and  qnartering 
veins  are  then  subordinate  and  regarded  as  feeder?.  But  usually 
^here  cross  veins  meet  a  leading  vein  at  such  an  accumulation  or 
bunch  of  mineral,  they  extend  only  a  limited  distance  from  it,  and 
1^  rather  lines  pf opeeding  from  it  as  a  centre  than  feeders  contri- 
butiog  to  form  it.  When  a  quartering  vein  meets  a  leading  vein, 
on  entering  the  crevice  of  the  latter  it  often  runs  parallel  to  it  for 
some  distance,  the  two  connected  by  a  net- work  of  cross  veins,  an4 
at  last  uniting  in  one  commgn  vein.  In  some  instances,  two  par- 
allel leading  veins  are  connected  by  such  quartering  veins,  and  in 
others,  one  leading  vein  will  leave  its  regular  course,  and  pursue  a 
quartering  direction  till  it  unites  with  a  leading  vein  adjoining. 
Cross  veins  are  differently  affected  on  meeting  a  leading  vein. 
Sometimes' they  pursue  the  same  course,  without  interruption,  on 
^he  opposite  side,  but  more  usually  they  are  interrupted  (cut  ofl^) 
or  else  shifted  to  a  greater  or  less  distance.  Jn  the  latter  case, 
I  have  sometimes  observed  particles  of  mineral  disseminated  in 
the  rock  opppsito  the  vein. at  its  junctfon  with  the  leading  vein, 
apparently  indicating  that  the  shift  was  not  caused  by  any  shift  in 
the  rock,  of  which  there  were  besides  no  indications.  Not  unfre- 
quently  a  leading  vein,  on  meeting  a  cross  vein,  will  be  interrupt- 
ed or  cut  off,  with  its  crevice,' and  apparently  shifted  by  the  cross 
vein  to  another  parallel  vein.  In  one  instance,  I  observed  an  East 
and  West  vein,  from  which  a  quartering  vein  had  proceeded  at 
some  distance^  inteirupted  in  this  manner  by  a  North  and  South, 
and  apparently  shifted  by  it  to  the  quartering  vein,  when  the  lat- 
ter became  the  leading  East  and  West*  vein.  In  other  instances 
an  East  and  West  vein  will  terminate  less  abruptly,  and  be  shift- 
ed to  another  east  and  west  line,  commencing  there  in  the  same 
manner  it  had  terminated;  the  two  overlapping  each  other  to  some 


44 

ekte&t,  and  sometimes  connected  bj  a  cross  rein  oi*  seam  near  their 
termination.  TTsnallj  the  cross  vein,  in  snch  cases,  is  smally  and 
servos  only  as  a  leader  from  one  East  and  West  vein  to  the  other, 
dr  the  connexion  is  formed  only  by  a  seam  of  ochre  or  clay.  These 
arrangements  have  an  important  relation  to  the  grouping  of  veins, 
and  will  be  farther  noticed  nnder  that  head. 

Another  mode  of  lateral  shifting  is  sometimes  observed  in  East 
ai^d  West  vertical  veins,  where  the  mineral  is  arranged  in  a  series 
of  more  or  less  detached  deposits  or  bunches.  Hiese  last  range  in 
a  direction  obliqne  to  the  general  coarse  of  the  vein,  and  nsnally 
thin  out  at  each  extremity.  Each  succeeding  bunch  overlaps  the 
preceding  in  such  a  manner  that  the  general  course  of  the  vein  is 
continued. 

The  mineral  in  the  vertical  openings  is  sometimes  found  only 
near  their  cap  or  roof,  and  sometimes  only  in  their  lower  part ; 
sometimes  both  above  and  below,  but  not  between ;  and  at  otiier 
times,  more  uniformly  throughout  their  whole  depth.  Not  unfre- 
quently  it  rises  and  falls  alternately  in  its  course,  occupying  only 
a  moderate  extent  vertically  at  any  one  point,  but  rising  and  fall- 
ing to  a  much  greater.  The  opening,  when  it  is  low  and  capped 
over  with  hard  rock,  rises  and  falls,  in  such  cases,  with  the  mine- 
ral. This  rising  and  falling  is  usually,  by  a  succession  of  flats  and 
pitches,  or  steps,  rather  than  on  an  uniform  line.  A  similar  ar- 
rangement occurs  in  the  flat  openings  in  the  lower  beds.  Often 
the  mineral  rises  above  the  common  level  of  the  openings  in  the 
chimneys  already  described  (p.  36-7);  in  such  cases  forming  bunches 
at  the  intersection  of  the  chimney  with  the  horizontal  opening,  ex- 
tending upward  into  the  former. 

Flat  (horizontal)  sheets  or  veins  have  been  already  noticed  in 
connexion  with  the  wider  openings,  both  in  the  soft  ground  of  the 
opening,  and  in  seams  in  the  cap  rock*  In  some  instances,  such 
flat  sheets  have  been  observed,  of  considerable  extent,  overlying  a 
number  of  parallel  crevices  traversed  by  vertical  ve'.ns,  and  in 
others,  of  less  width,  overlying  only  a  single  opening  or  vein. 
When  such  a  sheet  is  struck  in  the  upper  part  of  the  upper  mag- 


46 

nesian,  it  is  considered  as  indicating  the  near  approach  of  an  open- 
ing or  vein. 

More  nsnally,  in  the  npper  part  of  the  npper  magnesian,  tlip 
East  and  West  ranges  present  vertical  openings  of  some  widtb,  trav- 
ersed by  veins  composed  chiefly  of  square  (cubic)  or  chunk  u^a- 
emi,  arranged  in  the  vein  order  above  indicated,  while  the  2f  orUi 
and  South  ranges  are  only  narrow  crevices  traversed  by  sheets, 
marked  only  rarely  by  an  approach  to  regular  forms.  But  in  some 
instances,  similar  sheets  traverse  East  and  West  crevices,  and  these 
are  often  combined  in  groups,  intervening  between  or  appended 
to  the  larger  Eaat  and  West  openings.  Sometimes  a  considerable 
width  of  rock  is  found  traversed,  at  short  intervals,  by  such  verti- 
cal East  and  West  sheets,  connected  throughout  by  cross  sheets, 
hotli  vertical  and  horizontal.  These  cross  sheets,  in  such  cases,  are 
usually  thinner  and  more  broken,  or  even  quite  interrupted,  at  the 
middle  point  between  the  East  and  West  vertical  sheets,  indica- 
ting that  the  latter  are  the  leading  veins,  to  which  the  former  are 
subordinate.  The  rock  thus  traversed  is  usually  softer  and  more 
stained,  at  least  towards  its  seams,  and  may  be  considered  as  form- 
ing one  common  opening.* 

In  the  upper  part  of  the  upper  magnesian,  the  crevioes  and 
openings  are  usually  of  less  width  and  more  detached  than  below, 
and  the  leading  veins  arranged  vertically,  the  flat  sheets  being  only 
appendages  to  them.  The  openings,  even  when  widest,  suoh  as 
the  large  cave  openings,  are  also  more  generally  occupied  with 
looser  materials,  from  a  greater  decomposition  of  the  rock 
and  matrix.  As  we  descend  to  the  lower  part  of  the  upper  bedi 
the  openings  become  wider,  although  in  most  instances  the  verti- 
cal arrangement  continues  to  prevail.  In  this  part  of  the  upper 
bed,  very  wide  openings  are  found,  occupied  by  poi-tions  of  the 
limestone  rock,  either  decomposed  to  sand,  or  in  detachfed 
harder  masses  (tumbling  rock,)  and  intersected  throughout  in  differ- 
ent directions  by  mineral  veins,  usually  accompanied  with  seapis 
of  clay  and  iron ;  the  East  and  West  vertical  veins  predominating. 

*  An  ezftmple  of  thuoocoii  in  one  of  the  iingeB  of  Noma  A  HatkinSi  at  Yiat^  Bill, 


40 

The  mineral  in  these  veins  i9  nsnally  in  more  or  less  detached 
masses  (square  and  chunk  mineral,)  but  Bometimes  in  thinner 
sheet  forms,  usually  broken.  In  some  instances  at  least,  those  re- 
markable bodies  of  mineral,  called  patches,  found  directly  beneadi 
the  surface  clay,  appear  to  have  been  such  openings  exposed  by- 
denudation.  Those  to  which  I  hero  refer  are  no  longer  worked, 
but  are  found  in  the  same  position  in  the  strata,  and  in  some  in- 
stances, in  the  vicinity  of  such  openings,  and  from  the  description 
I  have  received,  corresponded  to  them  in  character.* 

Anotlier  class  of  wide  flat  openings,  called  flat  sheet  mines, 
are  found  in  this  lower  part  of  the  upper  bed.  Here  the  horizon- 
tal arrangement  predominates ;  the  mineral  having  a  sheet  form, 
similar  to  that  of  the  vertical  sheets,  and  closely  wedged  in  the 
rock,,  or  more  usually  in  a  narrow  flat  crevice,  in  which  it  is  bor- 
dered by  seams  of  clay  or  iron,  and  occasionally  interrupted  by 
the  same,  or  by  calcareous  spar.  These  flat  sheets  appear  more 
subject  to  interruption  than  the  vertical  sheets,  and  then  often  form 
a  series  of  lenticular  masses,  thickest  at  their  centre  and  thinning 
off  towards  their  edges.  They  vary,  like  the  vertical,  in  thick- 
ness, from  a  fraction  of  an  inch  to  several  inches,  and  are  con- 
nected by  cross  vertical  sheets,  in  different  directions^  which  are 
small  and  subordinate ;  but  occasionally  the  flat  sheet  gives  otit 
as  it  approaches  a  vertical  sheet,  and  the  latter  assumes  the  plate 
and  direction  of  the  former.  Two  and  sometimes  three  such  flat 
'  sheets  are  connected  together  in  this  manner,  the  rock  betweto 
them  being  softer  and  more  stained  than  that  immediately  abote 
and  below,  forming  properly  a  flat  opening,  but  not  marked  by 
the  peculiar  characters  of  the  opening  rock  in  the  flint  bed  below.f 

In  some  instances,  when  from  the  vicinity  of  valleys  or  ravines, 
or  in  deep  mining,  shafts  have  been  sunk  through  the  upper  bed  in- 


•  The  Finney  Patch,  in  the  S.  "W.  PlatteTille  Diggings,  and  Jonea'  range,  N.  of  Elk 
QroTe,  may  be  referred  to  as  examples, 

t  Ezamplei :  Harris*  flat  sheet  mine^  S.  W.  of  Galena,  tod  Jackson's,  on  Ball  Biand^ 

;  (BSDiOD.) 


4T 

to  the  flint  bed,  i^s  at  Shall$barg,  vertical  creviceB  hare  been  traced 
down  through  the  former  into  tlie  flat  openingB  in  the  latter.  In 
auch  ca3e9,  in  the  lower  part  of  the  upper  bed  the  vertical  openingp 
Bpread  mt  laterally,  and  at  the  eaine  tin\e  that  tlicy  carry  down  a 
vertical  vein,  in  the  middle  line,  from  the  crevice  above,  present 
flat  deposits  of  mineral,  similar  to  those  in  the  flat  openings  of  the 
flint  bed>  but  less  extensive ;  thus  oiarking  a  transition  from  the 
vertical^ openings  above  to  the  flat  openings  in  the  lower  beds. 

The  flat  openings  in  the  flint  bed  are  reniiarkable  for  their  hori- 
zontal extent  and  their  arrangement.  They  vary  in  width  from 
less  than  tea  tO:  40 — 50  foet^  and  are  wider  in  some-  localities  than 
ia  others*  Qenearally  they  are  tr,a versed  by  vertical  crevices, 
murlci^  by  seam^and  sometimes, by  openings, in  the  roof,  but  the^e 
:  a^.  sometimes  wanting,  and  t^  vertical  crevices  are  then  fonnd 
Imvevaing  the. hard  poc^  between  the  flat  openipgs.  Thus  it  is 
common  at  BentO(n|to^findzuMi;pTV.  verti<?al  crevicjes  between  the 
wide  flat  openings,. and  these  l^t.are  sometimes  arr,anged  in  paira 
•  with  a  vertical  crevice  betweeJir;  the  Interval  separating  the  t^o 
»beiag  mnch  lees  tha&.tiuU  separating, them  from  the  flat  openings 
adjoining.  The  two  thus  combined,  with  thei^  intermediate  Qre;r* 
ice^  are  considered  as  formipog.  0Qe<  rang!9.  Ii^  one  instance  (at 
Shawns  Hollow,  S.  Wp  of  Benton,)  a  wiide  flat  opening,  without  a 
TBrtieal  crevice,  adjoinild. on  the  north  a  number  of  narrower  flat 
openings,  each  with  its  vertical  crevice ;  but  in  this  instance,  the 
whole  extent,  at  least  of  the  latter,  might  be  regarded  as  one  com* 
mon  opening  or  soft  ground.  The  rock  in  these  flat  opening 
nsfially  presents  a  peculiar  mottled  appearauce,  whence  it  is  called 
calioo  sock  in  some  localitdea.  The  canse  of  this  I  have  already 
referred  to.  Thist  rock  appi^ars  to  h^^ve  ra^nlted  from  the  decern* 
position  of  a  hard  blue  or  grey  rock,  intersected  more  or  less  com- 
pletely by  seams  of  iron  pyrites,  pr  rather  of  rock  more  or  less 
filled  with  disseminated  pyrites,  dividing  it  into  small  rounded 
nodules,  more  compact  than  the  intervening  seams.  This  strnc* 
i  tare  can  not  have  been,  derived  from  the  fracture  of  the  rock  and 
the  injection  of  the  seams,  but  has  been  the  result  of  a  process  of  ae** 


48 

igregation,  by  which  the  more  compact  limestone  was  formed  at 
centres,  around  and  between  which  the  more  crystalline  portion 
with  the  pyrites  was  arranged.  The  strong  tendency  of  iron  pyri- 
tes to  decompose,  under  certain  circumstances,  particularly  when 
minutely  disseminated,  has  caused  the  disintegration  of  Ihe  lime- 
stone in  which  it  .was  dispersed,  and  its  own  conversion  into  oxyd 
of  iron,  giving  the  stain  to  that  part  of  the  limestone.  This  hard 
blue  pyritiferous  rock  is  still  found  unchanged,  in  some  of  the  flat 
openings  in  the  flint  bed,  atf  in  Champion's  level  (New  Diggings',) 
where  it  occupies  the  position  of  the  opening  or  calico  rock,  and 
•  like  that  is  more  or  less  productive  in  mineral  similarly  arranged. 

The  mineral  in  the  fl^t  openings  is  generally  arranged  in  hori- 
zontal courses  adjoining  the  roof  or  the  floor,  but  sometimes  in  ia- 
termediate  positions.  Sometimes  it  forms  a  connected  sheet  of 
some  extent,  but  more  usually  occurs  In  larger  or  smaller  detacjjed 
masses.  These  are  generally  more  or  less  convex  on  one  side  «ik1 
concave  on  the  other,  and  are  so  arranged  that  the  convex  side  is 
directed  downwards.  The  concave  side  usually  embraces  a  por- 
tion of  the  limestone  harder  and  less  stained,  and  sometimes  the 
mineral  is  observed  more  or  lesscompletely  surrounding  the  lattetr, 
"but  much  thicker  below  than  above.  In  this  case,  the  mineval 
appears  to  have  been  formed  around  the  nucleus  of  limestone  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  iron  pyrites,  as  above  explained.  Hie 
courses  of  mineral  are  very  often  if  not  generally  accompanied 
with  a  layer  of  flints,  usually  above  the  mineral,  sometimes  below, 
and  occasionally  the  mineral  is  interposed  between  two  layers  of 
them.  Sometimes  the  mineral,  when  detached  and  isolated,  is 
associated  with  flint  in  the  same  manner.  Though  the  mineral  is 
chiefly  arranged  in  flat  courses,  yet  it  is  often  found  detached  ia 
every  part  of  the  opening,  but  is  then  arranged  horizontally. 

Vertical  seams  of  mineral  occasionally  pass  from  one  course  to 
another,,  or  traverse  the  openipg  as  cross  sheets,  and  at  the  crossing 
of  these  or  even  of  a  barren  seam  only,  there  is  usually  an  increase 
of  mineral  in  the  flat  courses,  sometimes  enlarging  tliem  so  as  to 
form  geodes  lined,  with  regular  cubes.    "WTien  vertical  East  and 


r 


49 

West  crevices  traverse  these  openiDgs,  they  usually  carry  a  vein  of 
mineral  arranged  in  vertical  order,  intersecting  the  flat  courses ; 
"but  in  some  instances  I  have  observed  such  vertical  veins  on  the 
sides  of  the  openings,  inflected  under  the  roof  into  the  horizontal 
course,  with  an  enlargement  of  the  mineral  at  the  turn,  sometimes 
forming  there  a  geode.  In  some  instances,  the  vertical  crevice^ 
which  have  been  traced  from  the  rock  above  into  or  between  the 
flat  openings,  have  been  found  to  carry  mineral  more  or  lei3» 
through  their  whole  extent ;  but  in  other  instances,  tlio  mineral 
extends  in  them  little  or  not  at  all  above  or  below  the  opening. 

The  lateral  limits  of  these  flat  openings  are  generally  marked 
by  a  slight  turn  in  the  courses  of  mineral  from  a  horizontal  to  a 
vertical  position  at  the  sides  of  the  opening,  beyond  which  the 
rock  soon  loses  its  opening  character ;  thus  showing  the  definite 
extent  of  these  horizontal  deposits. 

Booie  peculiarities,  worthy  of  notice,  are  observed  in  diflferent 
localities.  In  the  flat  openings  at  Benton,  particularly  at  Swind- 
ler's ridge,  a  layer  of  hard  rock,  1 — 2  feet  thick,  called  the  false 
cap,  immediately  overlies  the  openings,  above  which  is  a  layer  of 
tlinta,  usually  accompanied  with  a  flat  sheet  or  course  of  mineral, 
often  of  workable  value.  This  layer  requires  support,  and  when 
«ueh  support  is  withdrawn,  after  the  opening  is  worked  ont  beneath, 
soon  falls  and  exposes  the  mineral  above  it.  The  rock  above,  called 
the  true  cap,  nsually  remains  firm,  even  in  the  widest  openings. 
In  the  flat  openings  at  New  Diggings,  a  layer  or  bed  of  hard  rock 
with  flints,  about  three  feet  thick,  overlies  the  opening  rock,  and 
is  overlaid  by  a  thin  subargillaccous  layer,  called  the  grey  shale,, 
appi^ently  of  a  concretionary  structure,  and  interrupted  by  min- 
eral, arranged  in  a  horizontal  sheet  form,  detached  or  more  con- 
neeted.  The  rock  above  thie  contains  very  few  flints ;  the  proper 
flint  stratum  commencing  in  the  bed  immediately  below  it.  A 
laysET  closely  resembling  the  grey  shale  in  character  •  occurred  at 
the  Dry  Grove  Diggings,  west  of  Benton,  in  sinking  on  a  vertical 
slisst,  at  the  tipper  surface  of  the  flint  bed. 

7 


60 

The  flat  openings  of  the  flint  bed,  occupied  by  tbe  calico  rock, 
are  found  throughout  a  largo  portion  of  tlie  mineral  districf,  where 
openings  have  been  worked  in  that  bed,  and  are  the  most  general 
and  characteristic  of  thoeo  in  that  bed.  I  have  observed  them, 
well  marked,  at  Beetown,  Potosi,  Brnshhill,  Platteville,  Elkgrove, 
Benton,  New  Diggings,  Shullsburg,  and  the  Dreadnonght  mine 
near  Mineral  Point.  In  some  of  these  openings,  the  rock  is  much 
more  disintegrated  than  in  others ;  its  ground,  in  such  cases,  being 
reduced  to  the  state  of  loose  sand,  with  more  or  loss  tumbling 
rock ;  while  in  others,  although  distinctly  marked,  the  rock  is  so 
hard  as  to  require  blasting.  Openings  of  the  former  kind  are 
called  sand  openings,  and  are  common  at  Benton,  while  at  Shulls- 
burg  openings  of  the  latter  kind  are  more  frequent. 

Occasionally  in  the  localities  above  mentioned,  and  more  so  in 
the  more  eastern  diggings,  the  mineral  is  collected  more  in 
bunches,  particularly  along  the  line  of  vertical  crevices,  and  is 
then  more  accompanied  with  clay  and  iron,  and  more  disposed  to 
assume  regular  cubic  forms,  approaching  in  these  respects  the  ar> 
rangement  in  the  vertical  openings  in  the  upper  bed.  But  in  snch 
instances,  the  intervening  rock  is  more  or  less  altered  and  stained, 
the  whole  forming  a  common  opening.  In  some  cases,  as  at 
Cbenaworth's  mine,  near  the  Dreadnought  (above  noticed,)  thif 
arrangement  in  bunches,  along  the  lines  of  crevices,  appears  to 
have  arisen  from  masses  of  rock,  intersected  throughout,  as  in  the 
calico  rock,  by  distinct  seams  of  iron  pyrites,  accompanied  with 
more  or  less  mineral,  which  by  their  decomposition  form  masses 
of  ochry  earth  and  hematite,  including  the  mineral  as  in  the  rock. 
These  masses  are  sometimes  so  rich  in  mineral  as  to  be  very  pro- 
ductive. St>metimes  they  wull  be  found  entirely  decomposed ;  at 
other  times,  only  lartly  so ;  and  even  in  some  instances,  entirely 
unchanged  ;  thus  showing  satisfactorily  the  origin  of  the  former 
from  the  latter,  and  their  relation  to  the  calico  rock.  It  might  in- 
deed be  expected  that  where  the  pyrites  is  so  concentrated  as  in 
those  instances,  it  would  be  less  extensively  difi*used  through  the 
rock,  and  more  segregated  in  bunches,  whereas  the  calico  rock,  ia 


51 

which  the  jjrltes  ifl  more  disseminated,  would  be  found  charactcr- 
iBtic  of  larger  and  more  uniform  openings.  This  arrangement  in 
bunches  is  more  peculiar  to  the  flat  openings,  east  of  the  parallel 
of  Shnllsburg  and  Mineral  Point;  but  these  openings  form  ranges 
as  regular  in  their  course  as  the  more  uniform  flat  openings  far- 
ther west. 

Calcareous  spar  is  generally  very  rare  iathe  flint  openings;  but 
occasionally  it  is  found,  either  disseminated  through  the  opening 
rock,  or  more  frequently  accompanying  the  layers  of  flint  and 
mineral ;  the  regular  order  from  above  downwards,  being  then 
calcareous  spar,  flint  and  mineral.  Even  in  some  inatances  where 
there  are  no  traces  of  a  mineral  opening,  calcareous  spar  ia  found 
accompanying  the  layers  of  flint  in  the  same  order.  I  have  ob- 
served, in  one  instance,  in  Stephens'  mine  (Shullsburg,)  a  mass 
chiefly  composed  of  calcareous  epar  (^/jf,)  occupying  a  large  ex- 
tent of  an  opening,  and  arranged  like  the, masses  <^hard  blue  py- 
ritiferous  rock  in  some  openings,  as  in  Champion's  level  (New 
Diggings.)  These  masses  rise  sloping  inwards  from  the  bottom  of 
the  opening  to  a  ridge  near  the  roof,  and  apparently  extend  down 
wards  in  the  manner  of  a  lode,  but  have  not  been  proved  in  that 
direction,  and  terminate  abruptly  or  taper  out  at  the  extrenaities. 
The  mass  of  tiff,  in  Stephens'  mine,  terminates  abruptly  towards 
the  west,  and  apparently  tapers  out  towards  the  east.  At  its  west 
end,  it  is  bordered  by  a  thin  layer  of  hard  rock,  in  nearly  a  verti- 
cal position,  as  if  out  of  place,  but  more  probably  formed  in  its 
present  position  by  segregation.  This  layer  is  traversed  by  small 
vertical  veins  of  mineral,  arid  in  the  calcareous  spar  adjoining, 
which  is  there  more  massive,  the  mineral  is  found  accumulated, 
usually  in  very  regular  cubtc  forms,  although  closely  imbedded  in 
ltd  matrix.  In  some  other  parts  of  the  mass,  similar  accumulations 
df  mineral  were  found,  bat  in  general  the  mineral  is  only  sparsely 
disseminated.  The  entire  mass  appears  to  be  a  portion  of  the 
rock  arranged  conformably  to  the  stratification,  the  greater  part 
of -it  composed  of  the  calcareous  spar,  disposed  in  segregative  or- 
der through  a  base  of  the  granular  limestone,  through  which  iron 


62 

pyrites  and  moro  or  less  of  copper  pyrites  are  disseminated ;  tbe, 
Ia,tter  also  collected  at  particular  points  in  small  bunches. 

,  The  flat  openingn  in  the  flint  bed  are  usuallj  not  more  tl^uoi 
four  to  six  feet  in  height,  partioalarlj  tlie  wider  and  mojre  uniforii» 
openings,  and  two  openinga  are  generally  found,  one  above  th«^ 
other,  separated  by  a  layer  of  hard  rock,  about  two  feet  thicks 
forming  the  cap  of  the  lower.  In  a  few  instances,  a  third  open- 
injg  has  been  found.  These  may  all  be  considered  as  one  common 
deposit,  with  which  the  flat  sheet  above  the  false  cap  is  connected. 
These  openings,  like  the  vertical  openings  in  the  upper  "bed,  some- 
fiines  rise  and  fall  in  their  course,  by  a  succession  of  flats  and 
tifdies ;  or  this  rising  and  falling,  as  in  the  latter,  is  only  confined 
ikyibe  mineral,  the  opening  remaining  unchanged.  The  most  uni« 
t&ttn  flat  openings  are  more  or  less  subject  to  interruption  in  their 
eotorse  by  transverse  bars  of  rock,  and  in  some  instances,  the  de- 
lated portions  have  a  form  more  or  less  rhomboidal,  analogous 
to  lihe  form  of  the  bunches  observed  in  some  vertical  East  and 
If  est  ranges  in  the  upper  bed  (p.  44,)  and  also  succeed  each  other 
in  k  corresponding  order.  This  is  observable  in  the  flat  openings 
afrSwindler^s  ridge  (Benton,)  where  the  longest  diameter  is  from 
noHh-west  to  south-east,  corresponding  to  the  general  direction 
of  the  ranges  (E.  B.  E.) 

.  In  the  lower  bed  of  the  upper  magnesiau,  flat  openings  arer 
t^  most  genera])  and  eveu  more  extensive  than  those  in  the  4int 
bejd.  In  some  instances,  such  openings  have  been  worked  across, 
i^^re  than  a  hundred  feet,  without  reaching  their  limits.  In  on^ 
iu^^,nce  (at  A.  Looney's  level,  north  of  New  Diggings,)  a  siddk 
d|rift  was  carried  from  the  middle  crevice  near  fifty  feet  before 
refifhing  the  limit  of  the  opening  ground*  This  limit  was  very, 
distinctly  marked  by  a  vertical  line,  the  adjoining  rock  losing  at. 
opce  the  peculiar  characters  of  that  of  the  opening.  I  ha;ve. 
^^ady  observed  that  the  rock  in  the  lower  bed  is  k^s  uniform 
ttia^  that  in  the  flint  bed,  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  openingiu 
Tbe  black  or  brown  rock  and  the  green  rock,  in  their  differeaijt 
^^ictdj  have  important  connexions  with  thiep^  openii^gs,  gen^ 


53 

tally  overlying  and  including  them,  whence  they  are  usually 
called  the  black  or  green  rock  openings.  In  some  instances,  hovr- 
brer,  the  roct  in  these  openings  resembles  that  of  the  flat  openings 
ih  the  flint  bed,  or  the  calico  rock,  and  is  then  more  or  less  acconi- 
tanied  with  layers  or  nodules  of  flint,  which  seem  to  be  confined 
to  the  opening  rock,  or  are  at  least  most  abundant  in  it.  But  eveii 
then  this  opeiiing  rock  ift  distinguished  from  that  of  the  flint  bed 
by  the  great  abundance  of  calcareous  spar  {tiff)  disseminated 
through  it,  &s  is  common  in  the  brown  rock,  and  usually  more  of 
Ifess  of  it  has,  by  its  stain,  the  character  of  that  rock.  When  the 
opening  rock  resembles  the  calico  rock  of  the  flint  bed,  the  ad- 
joining rock  is  usually  vefy  hard  and  comf)act,  and  of  a  light 
grey  color,  resembling  the  hard  hodules  found  in  the  opening 
rock,  particularly  of  the  flint  bed,  and  the  more  compact  layer^i 
•6t  the  upper  bed  of  the  blue  limestone.  This  adjoining  rock  is 
Sestitute  of  the  ferruginous  stain  and  the  disseminated  tiff,  cha- 
racteristic of  the  openings. 

In  this  lower  bed  thse  imiieral  is  usuadly  foimd  in6re  db^mfMy- 
i^ed  with  tho  fiulphnretd  of  s^iqc  and  iron  tlito  ia  the  two  nppfnr 
tdieda* .  The  sulphurel  of  iron,  or  the  result  of  its  decompoaitiovii 
ia  always  pireseat  su^ra  or  iees^  m  the  openings  ia  thfi  ii|>p6r  bedfu 
TJsnaUy  the  snlpharet  has  been  there  converted  inta  the.  09^^ 
causing  the  ferruginous  stain  and  the  d€^)OBitd  of  oehre  and  hetnm 
tite  (iron  rust)  found  in  those  openings.  The  sulphuret  of  zinc 
-^tack-jack)  and  the  carbonate  (dry-bone,)  the  result  of  its  decom- 
position, are  more  rare  in  the  upper  openings,  but  are  occasionally 
fbimd  there,  more  frequently,  so  far  as  I  have  observed,  in  the  ver^ 
^ical  Openings  in  the  upper  bed  than  in  the  flint  openings.  But 
there  is  a  class  of  veins  (the  flat  and  pitching  sheet  veins,),  which, 
have  been  traced  through  all  the  beds  of  the  upper  m^gnesian 
ftito  the  blue  limestone,  in  wl^ich  zinc  ores  are  usually  founq 
more  or  less  accompanying  the  mineral.  Not  only  in  these,  and^. 
in  those  instances  where  the  zinc  ores  accompany  the  veins  in  the. 
upper  vartieal  openings,  butaleo  in  tiioee  where  they  accoitipbily 
the  mineral  in  the  flat  openings  of  the  Idwer  bed  and  the  blue 


54 

limestone,  there  is  an  order  of  nrrangement  which  I  hare  found 
invariable.  When  the  ores  of  lead,  zinc  and  iron  are  all  present^ 
the  iron  ores  are  arranged  in  a  sheet  or  layer  next  the  rock,  then 
the  zinc,  and  then  the  lead,  in  succession,  towards  the  interior  of 
the  opening.  In  the  Marsden  lead,  below  Galena,  (a  flat  and 
pitching  sheet  mine,)  where  the.  mineral  is  usually  accompaniedt 
with  zinc  and  iron,  this  order  is  distinctly  observed,  and  in  differ- 
ent geodes,  processes,  like  nipples,  are  observed  projecting  into  th« 
cavities  or  geodes  between  the  cnbes  of  the  mineral,  which  are 
found  occupied  in  the  centre  by  a  square  process  from  the  sheet  of 
iron  pyrites,  like  an  elongated  cube,  surrounded  with  a  coating 
irom  the  black-jack,  sometimes  with  points  of  mineral  adhering 
to  the  surface.  The  flat  and  pitching  sheet  veins  with  zinc  and 
iron,  usually  called  flat  and  pitching  dry-bone  sheets,  have  been 
found  to  commence  in  the  upper  bed  of  the  upper  magneslao, 
and  have  been  traced  down  through  the  different  beds  of  that 
rock  and  of  the  blue  limestone  to  the  upper  sandstone.  At  the 
west  end  of  the  Heathcock  range  (Linden,)^the  same  sheet  has 
been  followed  down  from  the  flint  bed  to  at  least  ten  feet  in  the 
upper  bed  of  the  blue  limestone,  and  is  there  found  large  and 
productive,  and  without  any  sign  of  interruption.  These  veins 
appear  indeed  to  be  the  most  uninterrupted,  and  in  some  instances 
have  been  worked  more  than  twenty  years  without  exhanstiony 
and  with  a  very  uniform  product,* 

The  ores  of  zinc  are  rare  in  some  of  these  flat  and  pitching 
veins,  the  mineral  being  then  connected  immediately  with  the 
ores  of  iron.  Bat  where  the  zinc  ores  are  more  abundant,  they 
are  sometimes  nearly  or  quite  wanting  in  parts  of  the  vein,  and 
then  usually  the  lead  ore  is  increased  in  proportion,  while  in  other 
parts  of  the  vein  the  zinc  ores  predominate.  Thus  in  one  part,  the 
vein  will  be  found  narrow  or  divided  in  the  rock  of  the  opening, 
and  the  mineral  more  or  less  disseminated  in  the  zinc  ore,  so  as  to 
require  separation  by  crushing  and  washing ;  then,  where  the  vein 

*  This  is  reporled  of  the  Eaatheool:  rengo  (Lindoi)  and  the  Diy-boae  loiae  on  B«n 
Bnmoli  (Beptan,)  Uth  of  vhich  tre  stiU  irorked  toadvaataga. 


65 

^  IB  wider,  the  mineral  will  form  a  middle  sheet,  detached  from  the 
^QC  ore,  and  where  still  wider,  a  geode  will  be  formed  and  the 
mineral  be  arranged  in  cubes  on  the  interior  sarface  of  the  zinc 
ore.  Still  farther  in  its  coarse,  the  zinc  ore  will  disappear,  and  a 
thick  and  solid  sheet  of  mineral  be  fonnd,  separated  from  the  rock 
onlj  by  a  seam  of  iron.  Such  thick  and  solid  sheets  are  usuallj 
found  on  the  flats,  and  the  geodes  at  the  turn  from  a  flat  to  a  pitch, 
extending  more  or  less  along  the  latter.  Tliese  flat  and  pitching 
Teins  sometimes  pitch  in  opposite  directions  from  the  same  flat, 
forming  what  is  called  a  saddle-back.  In  some  instances,  such  a 
flat  is  apparently  at  the  highest  part  of  the  vein,  forming  a  longi- 
tudinal ridge  along  its  middle,  from  which  it  pitches  on  each  side, 
either  in  one  uniform  slope,  or  by  alternate  flats  and  pitches. 
Such  is  the  arrangement  of  the  sheet  in  the  Heathcock  range, 
where  it  forms  aflat,  at  its  summit,  in  the  flint  bed,  from  which  it 
pitches  on  each  side  into  the  lower  strata ;  on  the  south,  at  least 
into  the  upper  bed  of  the  blue  limestone.  This  flat  is  much  wider 
towards  the  west,  where  the  sheet  pitches  on  each  side  more  uni- 
formly, but  narrows  out  towards  the  east,  where  the  sheet  pitches 
nniformly  on  the  north,  but  on  the  south,  descends  more  in  alter- 
nate flats  and  pitches,  -and  apparently  divides  into  4 — 5  smaller 
sheets,  connected  in  a  common  opening.  In  some  instances,  such 
flats  are  only  on  the  general  pitch  of  the  vein ;  the  vein  rising, 
then  turning  over  a'  flat,  and  then  pitching  again  in  its  regular 
oourse.  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  tracing  such  a  vein 
lower  than  the  upper  bed  of  the  blue  limestone ;  but  I  have  been 
informed  by  J.  Bracken,  Esq.,  that  such  a  vein,  in  the  Victoria 
range  (Mineral  Point,)  was  followed  down  to  the  base  of  the  blue 
limestone,  and  that  the  accompanying  zinc  and  iron  ores  were 
even  traced  into  the  upper  sandstone.  Tliese  veins,  like  the  verti- 
cal sheets,  thus  appear  "to  have  an  extensive  range  through  the 
strata,  and  are  not  confined  to  one  particular  bed,  like  the  flat 
openings  in  the  lower  strata,  and  the  more  limited  vertical  open- 
ings in  the  upper  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian. 

The  flat  openings  in  the  lower  bed  may  be  divided  into  three 


.    56 

-classes:  Sand,  ochro  and  dry-bone  openings.  The  first  class in- 
.  eludes  those,  where  the  opening  rock  resembles  the  calico  rock  of 
the  flint  openings,  and  is  usually  accompanied  with  more  or  less 
flint,  like  the  latter.  The  mineral  is  here  arranged  in  flat  courses, 
or  disseminated  horizontally  through  the  rock,  as  in  the  flat  flint 
•openings.  These  openings  too  are  traversed  by  vertical  crevices, 
;(either  of  more  uniform  width  or  forming  a  series  of  pockets,)  usu- 
ally occupied  by  loose  materials,  and  adjoining  which  the  rock  is 
niore  decomposed  than  in  the  remoter  parts  of  the  opening.  The 
mineral  is  most  abundant  in  the  loose  ground  of  these  crevices, 
and  in  the  adjoining  parts  of  the  opening,  where  the  rock  is  most 
altered.  Generally,  in  the  loose  ground  of  these  crevices,  amuct 
greater  quantity  of  iron  is  found,  in  the  form  of  unaltered  pyrites, 
or  recomposed  into  ochre  and  hematite,  than  in  the  openings  or 
crevices  in  the  upper  beds.  In  some  such  instances,  the  iron  py- 
rites appears  to  have  replaced  the  mineral,  and  extensive  bars  oc- 
cur in  the  course  of  the  crevice,  in  which  the  mineral  is  wanting, 
but  the  iron  ores  are  proportionally  more  abundant.  Such  a  bar, 
at  the  west  end  of  A.  Looney's  level,  in  the  middle  crevice  of  the 
opening,  replaced  the  mineral,  after  it  had  continued  productive 
for  800 — 900  feet,  and  in  this  the  ores  of  iron  were  found  in  every 
stage  from  the  original  pyrites  to  the  ochre  and  hematite,  exhibit- 
ing, in  their  change,  fine  specimens  of  green  copperas,  and  small 
pockets  of  alum,  where  clay  was  more  abundant,  and  also,  though 
more  rarely,  of  native  sulphur.  This  mass  is  now  partly  worked 
out,  the  former  character  of  the  opening  being  resumed  beyond  it. 
The  loose  materials  in  these  crevices  are  arranged  conformably  to 
the  stratification;  the  layers  of  flints  crossing  them  regularly  in 
the  line  of  those  in  the  adjoining  rock,  only  sometimes  slightly 
lowered  by  the  settling  of  the  materials.  This  loose  ground  dif- 
fers from  the  adjoining  rock  only  by  a  greater  proportion  of  clay, 
sometimes  forming  layere,  or  segregations  investing  the  mineral  as 
a  matrix,  and  by  the  quantity  of  iron  intersecting  it  in  the  manner 
already  described  (p.  47-8.)  The  more  altered  rock  adjoining  re- 
sembles th&  corresponding  rock  in  the  flint  openings,  and  is  more 
jor  less  disintegrated  in  the  state  of  loose  sand. 


The  oduroopeaiaags  a^e  ehiUMteriBed  hj  tb«  great  almildatooo^ 
ixou  ore  (iron  pyritoa  aod  tke  resalts  of  its  decompoaition)  aceom* 
fanjiag  them  throia^houl  their  extent.  OkyalMabonDdft  ill  ^eai^ 
ia  lajers  and  pockets  cenforasable  to  the  etraldfictttion)  a»d  fai 
%eum  correapondiog  to  t^  batline  of  the  openiftg.  Tbio  (^ay  i» 
strcMig^  hftarkedbj  the  aoooodi  jointfi  eominon  to  the  <kiiy  0t 
^i^tiif^j  piirtic&larljr  to  the  eeama  of  clay  wfateh  traverse  attii 
Uae  timm^  aofd  is  ealled  joint  olay  and  eoap  day,  by  the  nrioatai 
The  latter  term  is  more  partiealariy  applied  to  a  blnidi  day,  breilD* 
ifi^  in  small  jointed  fragments,  which  navally  invests  the  minen^ 
when  imbedded  in  day*  The  tninersl,  in  these. opeaiogs^  is  eithl^ 
er  arranged  in  tiniform  horizontal  courses,  or  in  a  series  of  flats  asA 
pitebesi  limited  to  the  openings.  In  Uie  former  case,  it  resen»bkay 
in  its  arrangememt,  the  mineral  in  the  flat  flint  openings,,  but  ir 
mord  connected  with  day  and  iron.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  siv^ 
rasged  znOre  in  eheet  foirm^  bordered  by  a  sheet  of  iran,  and  Mh 
placed  by  the  same,  when  interropted.  Usiially  tke  mineral  is 
laigest  and  most  nniaterrupiedoathe  flats,  or  on  the  Inm  fromJEiAib 
to  apitch,  and  is  smaller  and  more  interrnpted,  and  often  dn/tiiialT^ 
wanting,  in  the  pitched  resembling,  in  this  respect,  that  in  tibia 
flat  and  pitching  rdns  already  noticed.  A  remarkable  insteiice  e£ 
ibis  occars  in  a  very  productive  mine,  worked  by  Earnest  aindi 
Spenceley,  6n  the  Shullsbnrg  branchy  north  of  New  Diggongi.''^' 

The  zinc  or  dry-bone  openings  are,  on  the  whole,  the  most  fre- 
<Juont  in  the  lower  Vod,  though  in  some  instances  more  rat-e, 
partiealariy  in  the  eastern  districts.  In  these  the  mineral  is  ar- 
ranged in  sheets,  with  the  ores  of  zinc  and  iron,  in  nearly  or  quite 
the  same  manner  as  in  the  flat  and  pitching  dry-bone  sheets  al- 
ready noted.  The  same  order  is  observed  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  different  ores  in  relation  to  the  rock,  and  the  same  arrange- 
ment of  the  mineral  in  the  sheet,  sometimes  disseminated  in  the 
a^c  ore,  and  sometimes  forming  a  separate  sheet,  between  thjs 

*IhaTe  obserred  in  somo  of  the  ocbre  openings,  layers  or  more  detached  masses  of  a 
'^HdteHmaston^  mniaUj  much  disintegntad  in  the  state  of  sand.    A  elmilar  rock  aW 
4Kcaam  the  Upper  Pipa-olay  opeuicss ia  tfa»  bbae  litteatona. 
8 


58 

lateral  sheets  of  zinc,  but  more  ttsaall  j,  in  these  openings,  the 
former.  The  sheets,  in  these  openings,  are  sometimes  regularly 
horizontal,  bat  more  usually  uneven,  presenting  a  series  flats  and' 
pitches  or  undulations,  sometimes  along  slopes  of  large  extent  and 
in  different  directions,  but  still  limited  by  the  extent  of  the  open- 
ing, both  in  a  vertical  and  horizontal  direction.  In  some  instances, 
lUthough  these  sheets  have  been  worked  to  the  width  of  a  hundred 
feet,  their  lateral  limits  have  not  been  reached,  their  sides  thinning 
out  so  as  not  to  repay  the  expense  of  working.  In  these  dry-bone 
openings  different  sheets  are  found,  as  well  as  different  courses  in  the 
flat  flint  openings;  usually  one  near  the  roof,  and  another  near  the 
floor,  and  sometimes  others  intermediate,  the  whole  more  or  less 
ootanected  by  cross  veins  or  seams.  The  opening  rock  is  usually 
very  much  decomposed  and  stained,  and  more  or  less  acoompanied 
with  seams  and  pockets  of  clay,  as  in  the  ochre  openings.  Both 
the  ochre  and  dry-bone  openings  are  traversed  by  vertical  crevices, 
in  which  the  mineral  is  arranged  in  vertical  vein  order,  and  is  more 
regular  in  its  form,  as  in  the  upper  vertical  openings.  The  min- 
eral in  these  crevices,  when  they  traverse  the  dry-bone  openings,  is 
not  accompanied  with  zinc  ores,  but  resembles  that  in  the  crevices 
in  the  ochre  openings.  Usually  the  mineral  in  the  flat  openinga 
is  larger  and  more  abundant  adjoining  the  crevices,  and  in  the 
dry-bone  openings,  the  sheet  is  enlarged,  and  the  mineral  more 
distinct  from  the  zinc  ore,  sometimes  even  forming  geodes.  The 
dry-bone  and  ochre  openings  generally  alternate,  either  one  by  one, 
or  in  successive  groups.  In  some  instances,  the  same  range  will 
in  one  part  of  its  course  be  an  ochre  opening,  and  in  another,  a 
dry-bone  opening.  I  have  known  the  eame  range  commence  on 
the  west  with  a  mass  of  iron  ore,  then  become  a  productive  ochre 
opening,  and  terminate  towards  the  east  in  a  dry-bone  opening. 

The  great  quantity  of  calcareous  spar  (f^ff)  disseminated  in  the 
opening  rock,  and  even  in  the  rock  generally,  in  the  lower  bed^ 
particularly  in  the  brown  rock,  has  been  already  noticed.  In  some 
ef  the  openings  in  this  bed,  large  masses  of  calcareous  spar  are 
found,  usually  in  horizontal  courses,  with  more  or  less  of  a  geodie 


59 

arrangementi  the  crystals  aggregated  so  as  to  present  the  appear- 
ance of  rounded  bosses  of  a  peculiar  form.  These  masses  nsnally 
occur  along  the  lines  of  vertical  crevices,  and  are  sometimes  fonnd^ 
in  such  cases,  in  small  caves ;  the  opening  being  only  partly  filled 
with  the  spar  and  the  loose  materials  accompanying  it.  The  latter 
are  "asnally  derived  from  the  decomposition  of  snbargillaceons 
layers,  more  or  less  accompanied  with  iron  pyrites,  and  sometimes 
with  the  black  oxyd  of  manganese  (black  ochre.) 

Beds  or  bars  of  pyritiferons  rock  also  occur  in  the  openings  <^ 
the  lower  bed,  more  remarkable  even  than  those  in  the  openings 
of  the  flint  bed.  They  either  underlie  the  opening  rock  near  the 
base  of  the  upper  magnesian,  or  rise  in  the  openings,  as  has  been 
noticed  of  the  bars  in  the  flint  openings,  and  consist  of  regular 
beds  of  the  limestone,  nearly  filled  with  seams  and  bunches  of 
iron  pyrites,  accompanied  with  more  or  less  caloareons  spar  ;^  the 
whole  forming  by  its  decomposition  a  bed  of  ochry  earth  and 
hematite,  and  presenting  during  the  process  of  decomposition  the 
same  appearances  as  have  been  noticed  in  the  bar  at  the  west  end 
of  A.  Looney^  level.  In  one  instance  (at  Blinkiron's  mine,  north 
of  Kew  Diggings,)  I  observed  such  a  bed  underlying  the  opening, 
and  overlaid  by  a  bed  of  bluish  grey  limestone  largely  filled  widi 
bunches  and  geodes  of  calcareous  spar,  in  small  and  often  very  per^ 
feet  tabular  crystals  of  great  clearness  and  beauty. 

The  openings  in  the  lower  bed,  particularly  in  the  eastern  dis- 
tricts, sometimes  present  a  succession  of  pockets  or  bunches  tra- 
versing the  general  opening  rock,  corresponding  to  a  similar  ar- 
rangement in  the  flint  openings.  In  some  instances,  I  have  observed 
such  an  arrangement  in  smaller  upper  openings  immediately  over- 
lying the  large  and  uniform  flat  openings  in  this  bed.  The  brown 
orbhick  rock  generally  accompanies  the  openings  in  the  lower  bed 
in  the  south-western  districts,  and  the  green  rock  in  the  north- 
eastern districts ;  whence  at  Mineral  Point  and  in  its  vicinity,  the 

*  Th«  cftleareoQS  spar  genertllj  forms  segregBlioos  inrested  b^  the  iron  pjntos,  and 
ott  tiwdeeompotitionof  the  latter  is  sometimes  found  changed  to  the  sulphate  of  Cme 
(MltiiiteO 


openings  in  this  bed  are  known  as  the  green  took  openings,  whilet 
in  the  south-western  districts  they  are  called  the  black  rock  open- 
ings. 

In  some  instances,  detached  vertical  crevice  openings  are  fonnd 
in  the  lower  bed,  traversed  by  a  vertical  vein,  from  which .  flat 
bourses  of  small  extent  (2 — 3  feet)  enter  pockets  in  the  sides  of  the 
fcrevice,  showing  a  tendency  to  the  formation  of  a  wide  flat  opening, 
traversed  by  a  vertical  crevice  and  vein.  These  resemble  the 
ibpenings  of  an  intermediate  charaoter  between  the  vertieal  and 
flat  opening^,  already  noticed  in  the  lower  part  of   the  upper  bed* 

Small  quantities  of  eopper  pyrites  have  been  obeei*v^,  in  dif'- 
ferett  ififitancefl,  in  the  openings  in  th«  lower  bed,  pftrdcularly  in 
the  vicinity  of  Fever  river,  accompanying  iron  pyrites  ot  ealcar^ 
Otts  Bpar.  F!requent  traces  of  it  oocnr  in  the  masses  of  iron  py« 
rites  in  the  openings  of  the  lower  bed  at  W.  Giliet^s  di^nge  (Bim^ 
eomb,)  and  in  connexion  with  the  laiige  masses  of  calcareous  spar 
in  openings  in  the  same  bed,  above  noticed,  in  di'fferent  rittt- 
ges  between  Fever  river  and  tlie  Shullsburg  bmnch,  east  of  Bea- 
ton.  In  the  latter  case,  the  copper  ore  occfurs  near  the  junction  of 
the  »par  with  the  rock«  where  the  two  are  more  or  less  blended, 
jtYttoh  in  the  same  manner  as  it  occui^s  in  the  large  mass  of 
tiff  in  Sterphens'  mine  (Shullsburg.)  The  copper  pyrites  is  al- 
ways accompanied,  in  these  instances,  with  more  or  less  of  the 
green  and  more  rarely  with  the  blue  carbonate.  Tlie  copper  3»n- 
gea  at  Mineral  Point  have  also  been  worked  chiefly  in  the  loww 
bed. 

It  has  been  a  common  opinion  that  the  blue  limestone  euts  dff 
the  mineral,  and  this  has  been  understood  of  the  blu^  limestone  tt 
Oweii)  or  the  formation  immediately  underlying  the  upper  mag- 
neiian.  This  opinion  has  properly  no  reference  to  tliat  rook,' but 
to  beds  of  hard  blue  rock  found  in  diflferent  positions  in  the  upper 
magnesian,  which  in  many  instances  have  been  known  to  interrupt 
the  mineral  in  its  descent,  both  in  sheets  and  in  wider  openings. 
Thia  rock  is  usually  more  or  less  intersected  with  iron  pyrites,  and. 
has  been  found  at  the  bottom  of  openings  in  all  the  beds  of  4be 


01 

upper  msgnesubf  and  souietiuics  rising  into  the  opeoings  and 
formiDg  obetructiona  in  their  coarse,  or  intervening  as  a  bar  ^t 
tween  contiguoue  opening^.  It  may  be  considered  as  properly  an 
opening  rock,  and  when  cutting  off  the  mineral,  aa  placing  the 
same  part  as  the  naasses  of  loose  ferruginous  materials  which  inter* 
rapt  the  mineral  in  the  coarse  of  openiags  or  veins^  particularly  ii^ 
the  lower  bed  of  the  upper  maguesian.  I  have  described  the  dif- 
ferent openings,  in  their  descent,  as  forming  series  at  different 
levels ;  two  in  the  upper  bed  (the  upper  and  lower,)  the  flat  open- 
ings in  the  flint  bed,  and  those  in  the  lower  bed  (the  brown  and 
green  rock  openings.)  These  beds  or  bars  of  pyritiferous  rock  ap- 
pear to  underlie  occasionally  all  of  these  openings.  In  sinking  on 
a  Tertical  sheet  traversing  different  beds,  it  is  found  liable  to  in- 
terruption on  meeting  such  bars,  but  not  always  so ;  instances  hav- 
rng  occurred  in  which  the  sheet  has  traversed  them,  but  usually 
more  or  less  diminished  in  its  passage.  When  such  a  bar  under- 
Kes  an  opening,  or  interrupts  a  vertical  sheet,  usually  fbr  a  certain 
distance  beneath  more  or  less  of  the  mineral  is  disseminated  through 
it  in  particles  or  seams.  I  was  informed  by  Mr.  Haskins  of  Dodge- 
TiUe,  that  in  one  instance  a  vertical  sheet,  on  which  he  was  em- 
ployed, was  cut  off  clean  by  a  floor  of  blue  limestone,  only  small 
particles  and  seams  of  mineral  being  found  in  it  for  a  short  dis- 
tance below  the  sheet.  On  examining  the  rock,  I  found  it  was  on- 
ly a  modified  portion  of  the  common  rock  of  the  Ibcality  (the  flint 
bed  of  the  upper  magneslan,)  forming  such  a  bar  as  I  have  de- 
scribed.* 

The  Blue  Limestone  of  Owen  is  a  good  mineral-bearing  rock^ 
and  like  the  upper  magnesian,  net  only  has  its  openings  in  each  of 
its  thr«e  beds,  but  is  traversed  by  vertical  and  pitching  sheets  or 

*  TlMsebiiB  ksve  been  met  inabUDi^belov  the  diffarent  openings,  and  in  following 
down  Ttfttieel  flbee^iuid  irom  their  great,  haidneas  hare  diaoonmfipBd  from  farther  pqnn* 
i^g  the  mineral  do'Vaward.  From  obierTationit  haa  appeared  to  me  eyident  that  they 
are  parts  of  a  mineral  range,  in  which  iron  pyrites  replaces  thd  mineral,  and  are  of  limi- 
ted extent,  and  need  not  obstmct  the  progress  of  mining.  Before  attemptiog  to  work 
lliiDiigli  fihma,  it  woald  be  weU  to  determine  their  extent  bj  boring,  which  might  be  ef<* 
fpoled  TiHb  eprnfavatiTsly  Uttlt  nqpem^ 


63 

reins,  which  in  some  instances  are  said  to  have  been  traced  throngb 
it  t.i  the  npper  sandstone.  I  have  myself  traced  pitching  sheets 
from  the  npper  magnesian  into  the  upper  bed,  and  vertical  sheets 
to  the  lower  bed  or  baff  limestone.  The  regular  opening*  in  the 
bine  limestone  are  wide  and  flat,  like  those  in  the  two  lower  beds 
of  the  upper  magnesian. 

The  openings  in  the  upper  shell  bed  are  called  the  pipe  clay  or 
brown  rock  openings.  The  former  name  is  taken  from  layers  of 
clay  which  traverse  the  openings,  derived  from  the  decom{x>sition 
of  the  layers  of  shale  which  are  interposed  in  the  upper  bed;  the 
latter,  from  a  bed  of  brown  rock,  already  noticed,  immediately 
overlying  the  upper  bed,  and  forming  a  more  or  less  immediate 
cap  to  the  openings.  These  openings  are  merely  a  certain  extent  of 
the  rock,  which  has  suffered  more  or  less  decomposition,  and 
through  which  the  min^til  is  disseminated  in  flat  courses,  usually 
imbedded  in  the  layers  of  clay  above  noticed.  The  rock  in  these 
openings  is,  on  the  whole,  leas  stained  than  in  the  openings  in  the 
upper  magnesian,  and  the  mineral  is  less  accompanied  with  iron. 
It  is  also  more  regular  in  its  form,  sometimes  in  very  perfect  cubes, 
but  more  often  tabular,  varying  in  size  from  very  small,  called  dioe 
mineral,  to  very  large ;  the  latter  usually  adjoining  a  vertical  crev- 
ice. The  mineral,  whether  large  or  small,  is  imbedded  in  the  clay 
or  shale,  in  the  same  manner  as  iron  pyrites  in  pyritiferous  shales, 
and  is  either  quite  isolated,  or  a  sei  ies  of  cubes  or  tables  is  arranged 
in  horizontal  vein  order,  sometimes  forming  sheets  of  considerable 
extent.  These  openings  are  usually  wide,  sometimes  equalling  in 
width  those  in  the  lower  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian,  but  in  such 
cases  the  mineral  is  more  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  vertical  crev- 
ices, althongh  the  intermediate  rock  is  much  decomposed,  and 
contains  more  or  less  mineral  disseminated.  In  some  instances,  I 
have  found  this  change  in  the  rock,  wiih  the  accompsnying  min- 
eral, extending  only  a  few  feet  (6—8)  on  each  side  of  a  vertical 
crevice;  the  adjoining  rock  having  the  usual  characters  of  the  un- 
altered blue  limestone  and  abounding  in  fossils,  while  in  the  al* 
tered  rock  of  the  opening  the  fossils  are  so  decomposed  as  to  be 


63 

hardly  distlngnisbable.  In  some  instancefl,  as  in  ike  Irish  Dig- 
giDgs  near  Mineral  Point,  the  openings  in  this  bed  are  vcrj  femi* 
ginouSy  and  the  mineral  is  then  eometiines  accompanied  with  zino 
or6S|  forming  flat  sbeete  similar  to  those  in  the  lower  bed  of  the 
upper  magnesion.  In  some  instances  too,  masses  or  bars  of  hard 
compact  rock  are  found  in  these  openings,  intersected  bj  very  thin 
seams  of  mlneml,  and  with  small  points  of  it  disseminated,  analo- 
gous to  the  hard  blaebars  in  the  upper  magnesian.  The  openings 
in  the  upper  bod  have  been  worked  at  Mineral  Point  and  Platte- 
ville,  north  of  Now  Diggings,  on  the  Yellow  Stone,  and  in  other 
localities  iu  the  eastern  districts.  In  some  instances,  these 
openings  have  been  verj  productive,  particularly  at  Mineral 
Point,  in  the  McKnight  range,  and  in  Bracken  and  Murrisb's 
range  on  the  Mineral  Point  branch,  south  of  the  village.  Kear 
Platteville,  at  the  Back-bone  (a  narrow  ridge  between  the  LittLs 
Platte  and  the  Kountree  branch,)  the  occurrence  of  dice  mineral 
(in  the  upper  bed  of  the  blue  limestone)  has  been  long  known,  and 
openings  in  that  bed  are  now  worked  there  to  advantage. 

The  openings  in  the  middle  bed  of  the  blue  limestone  are  usually 
called  the  glass  rock  openings.  They  are  situated  either  in  the 
lower  more  compact  parts  of  that  bed,  the  upper  fine-grained  por- 
tion overlying  them  as  a  cap,  and  more  or  less  stained  of  a  brown 
color,  as  it  approaches  the  opening,  or  beneath  the  middle  part  or 
proper  glass  rock,  in  the  lowest  division  of  the  bed,  adjoining  the 
buff  limestone.  In  tlie  glass  rock  openings,  more  variety  has 
been  observed  than  in  the  pipe-clay  openings  above  mentioned. 
In  some  instances,  they  are  dry  bone  openings;  the  mineral  be- 
ing accompanied  with  zinc  ores,  forming  sheets,  arranged  as  in 
the  corresponding  instances  in  the  upper  magnesian.  These  sheets 
are  generally  quite  horizontal,  though  irregularities  in  their  course 
are  sometimes  observed,  particulai*ly  where  crossed  by  vertical 
crevices.  The  same  alternations  of  enlargement  and  contractioa 
are  observed  in  tbe  sheets,  as  already  notijccd ;  the  mineral,  in  the 
latter  case,  being  disseminated  through  the  zinc  ore  mostly  in 
4he  middle  line  of  the  sheet,  and  in  the  former,  usually  foimiog  a 


64 

^^not  middle  sheet,  and  sometimes  a  geode.  These  geodes  are 
sometimes  occnpied  in  the  centre  by  calcareous  spar  or  snlphate 
of  barytes,  or  by  the  two  in  distinct  segregations.  At  the  crossing 
of  vertical  crerioes,  there  is  nsually  an  increase  of  the  mineral,  in 
larger  and  more  r^nlar  forms.  In  some  of  these  dry-bone  open- 
ings, the  snlphoret  of  zinc  (the  original  ore)  has  been  very  little 
obanged ;  in  others,  it  has  been  chtefiy  converted  into  the  carbon- 
ajbe  or  silicate  (dry-bone.)  The  former  is  the  case  at  HaswelPs 
q»ixie,  west  of  Mineral  Point  village,  and  the  latter  at  the  Falling 
Spring  mine,  sontli  of  the  village.  The  canse  of  such  a  difference 
is  not  very  obvious.  The  finest  specimens  of  the  carbonate  of 
June  yet  seen  by  me,  if  ere  fonnd  in  the  dry-bone  sheets  in  the 
<»penings  in  the  blue  limestone  near  Mineral  Point,  particnlarly 
at  the  Irish  Diggii^.  In  other  instances,  the  glass  rock  openings 
ace  without  ^no  ores ;  the  mineral  being  found  under  circnm- 
stances  similar  to  those  under  which  it  is  found  in  the  pipe-clay 
openings.  The  greater  part  of  the  openings  in  the  South  Forked^ 
Deer  Diggings,  on  Wood's  branch,  are  glass  rock  openings  of  thi« 
character.  Only  one  dry-bone  range  (Woffal's)  occurs  in  those 
diggings,  parallel  in  its  direction  to  the  other  ranges.  In  these 
openings,  there  are  usually  two  courses  of  mineral ;  a  lower,  in  a 
layer  of  grey  shale,  similar  in  its  character  to  the  grey  shale  in  the 
flint  openings  at  New  Diggings,  in  which  the  mineral  is  of  the 
same  cubic  or  tabular  foi-m  and  imbedded  in  the  eame  manner  a^ 
in  the  layers  of  clay  in  the  pipe-clay  openings  j  and  an  upper,  in 
which  the  mineral  forms  a  flat  sheet,  more  or  less  interrupted  or 
broken  by  interposed  clay  and  calcareous  spar.  These  openings 
are  of  great  width,  but  low,  and  the  rock  between  the  courses  of 
mineral  is  generally  hard,  which  renders  it  diflScuU  to  work  them 
by  drifting. 

'  In  a  few  instances,  flat  openings  of  no  great  width  have  been 
fimud  in  the  middle  bed,  chiefly  occupied  by  masses  of  calcareous 
•par,  arranged  horizontally  between  layers  of  clay  with  more  or  lees 
iron  and  eometimes  with  large  quantities  of  black  oxyd  of  mangft- 
mose:  (black  ochre.)    These  closely  resemble  in  stmctnre  similar 


«5 

masses  of  calcareous  spar,  already  described  as  occurring  in  the 
lower  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian.  From  the  setth'ng  of  the  loose 
materials  accompanying  the  spar,  there  is  usually  a  small  vacuity 
below  the  cap,  forming  a  cave.  A  remarkable  instance  of  this 
kind  occurs  in  the  middle  bed  of  the  blue  limestone,  just  north  of 
Qainby's  quarry,  already  referred  to.  Such  openings  with  calcare- 
ous spar  have  not  yet  been  found  productive  in  mineral.  An  open- 
isg  of  a  similar  kind,  bat  of  greater  width,  has  recently  been 
found  at  Meeker^s  Qrove  (Buzzard's  Boost)  in  the  glass  rock,  chief- 
ly occupied  by  similar  horizontal  masses  or  beds  of  sulphate  of  ba- 
rytes,  accompanied  laterally  with  small  quantities  of  calcareous 
spar.  There  are  two  such  beds  of  sulphate  of  barytes,  one  above^ 
another  below,  separated  by  a  bed  of  clay  with  small  points  of  cal* 
careous  spar,  barytes  and  iron  disseminated.  In  these  beds  of  sul- 
phate of  barytes,  mineral  is  found  firmly  imbedded,  and  in  such 
qnaotity  as  to  be  worked  to  good  advantage ;  usually  of  a  regular 
form  and  brilliant  surface ;  a  series  of  larger  more  detached  pieces 
arranged  along  the  middle  of  each  bed,  and  a  more  connected  series 
or  sheet  of  smaller  pieces  along  the  sides,  above  and  below.  This 
is  the  only  instance  of  the  kind  I  have  yet  observed ;  bnt  mineral 
has  been  found  imbedded  in  sulphate  of  barytes,  in  openings  in  the 
lower  bed  of  the  upper  magnesian  in  that  vicinity.  The  glass 
rock  openings  have  been  worked  nK)st  extepsively  at  Mineial 
Point,  where  some  of  them  have  been  very  productive. 

Openings  have  been  found  in  the  lower  part  of  the  lower  bed 
or  buff  Ifmestonc,  generally  wide  and  flat,  and  strongly  resembling 
good  mineral  openings  in  other  beds,  but  have  not  yet  been  fair- 
ly proved.  They  are  sometimes  traversed  by  layers  of  clay,  de- 
rived from  the  subargillaccons  layers  of  the  rock,  and  in  such  ca- 
ses resemble  much  the  upper  pipe-clay  openings,  from  which  cir- 
cumstance they  have  been  called  the  lower  pipe  clay  openings. 
In  other  instances,  they  are  found  to  contain  large  quantities  of 
'Calcareous  spar,  in  masses  similar  to  those  in  some  of  the  glass  rock 
openings,  with  more  or  less  mineral  and'  some  zinc  ore  cormected. 
Large  openings  of  this  kind,  in  the  lower  bed,  have  been  reached 
9 


66 

by  sioking  below  the  glass  rock  opening,  at  the  south  Ferked-Deec 
DigglDge,  and  at  Haswell'a  mine  near  Mineral  Point    In    a  few- 
iostances,  near  the  latter  place,  considerable  quantities  of  mineral. 
are  reported  to  have  been  taken  from  openings  in  the  lower  bed: 
near- its  outcrops. 

A  remarkable  opening  in  the  blue  limertone  ocenmat  theAc^ 
pen  Grove  mine  (Shock's  Prairie,  Green  Co.,)  apparently  ttBiven*  - 
ing  different  beds*  of  the  rook,  and  in  its  character,  unlike  any' 
othei'whiohl  have  examined.    It  forms  a  very  vride*  vertioaf' 
East  and  West  crevice,  withregularirallB,  occupied  by  an  openhg 
rookvinoreor  less  traversed:  by  seams  of  mineral  and  iron  pjritds,* 
distiaet  or  combined,  intersecting  the  rock  in  a  munner  siniilar  t» 
the  arrangemeoQit  noticed  in  some  of  the  flint  openings  (p.  SA.)^ 
Tka  mineral  in.  these  seams  is  oomposed:  <rf  small  cubes,  meiie  or^ 
less  regular,  grouped  in  sheetB  or  small  bunebes,  and  is  aceompil* 
niedby  more  or  leas  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  leiid;  oiten  VQ171 
diatiact  and  regular.    This  is  sometimes  in  large  quantity,  bat  faa8> 
appeared  to  me  only  aubordinate  to  the  sulphnret.    The  opening* 
is  divided  towards  the  west  by  a  large  key-rock^  ranning  outiil^  » 
point  towards  the  east,  adjoining  which  the  mineral  is  8sid>  toi 
have  been  mostabuadaEnt 

The  Upper  Sandstone,  so  far  as  I  have  beeYi  able  to  ascertain,  hvM 
not  yet  been  found  to  contain  mineral  either  in  crevices  or  open- 
ings; but  a  sheet  of  sane  ore  and  iron  pyrites  at  Mineral  Point, 
already  referred  to  (p.  55,)  is  said  to  have  been  traced  2 — 3  feet 
into  that  rock,  in  the  line  of  a  crevice  bearing  mineral  to  the  baise 
of  the  blue  limestone.  Copper  ore  is  also  said  to  have  been  found 
in  the  sandstone  at  the  depth  of  several  feet,  in  the  same  vicinity. 
It  is  thus  not  improbable  that  if  the  mineral  is  interrupted  in  the 
sandstone,  ores  of  zinc  and  copper  may  be  found  there  in  its 
place.* 

S  the  mineral  is  interrupted  in  the  upper  sandstone,  it  reap- 

*Th«  malar  laad  mine  (K.  T.)  ia  in  a  b^  of  aaAdatdue,  interpoa^  l)etireen  two  bad* 
ofilisaalaoa.    Thuiaekofins  lamaaiieottfigamaattacspaet  UiatmiMral^B^^ 
foondiA  Uia  upper  aandatona. 


\ 


peav^fti  flte  Loyvev  Magncelati.  Numerous  imtances  are  stated  ot  ^ 
1fi«  ofccTiTrence  of  miBcral  in  the  lower  magnesian  in  Owen's  re- 
ports (1847,  1^*52,)  and  several  other  localities  have  been  men- 
tioned to  me  by  different  individnafej  near  the  Mississippi,  and  in 
the  oouotry  betweea  it  and  the  Kickapoo,  north  of  the  Wise^ontin. 
I  fihall  however  confine  myself  here  to  my  own  observations.  1 
htLV^notjet  had  time  to  exploro  the  country  occupied' by  the  tovr- 
drmagnecian  to  may  extant,  and  have  visited  no  other  divings  irf 
tiiatKock^  bat  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Bine  river,  kitowtr  a^  01^ 
king's  Dig^ngs.  Theee  however  furnish  Batisfactory  ^vidend^ 
thai  tkeimmeral  oceoiiB  in  that  rook^  in  as  {Proper  oj^ningri,  ih  Ai 
laogexnasies,  ai»d  arranged  a^^  regularly  asiA  the  upper  magntelfaiff 
These  diggings  are  in  the  sided  of  a  ravine,  60^ — 70  feet  dtep^,* 
Ibading  to  the  BIm  river,  abovt  three  miled  w^st  of  FrankKn  t9i 
lage;  She  lower  magnesiam  ooenpiea  thd  sides  of  the  rsHtS 
nbanlj  to  the  summit,  where  it  is  everlaid  hy  a  low  bbiff  of  ISk^ 
upper  aaaKdetone.  Abont  three  fourths  of  the  desceni}' below' thle^ 
sandetraie  k  occupied  by  a  steep  elope,  fomied  by  the  softer  nppigir* 
bed  of  the  louver  magnesian^  below  whioh- is  another  lt>w^  bltifP 
fixrmed  by  the  harder  middle  portion  of  the  same  rock.  Thre^ 
finccessive  op^ngs,  one  above  the  other,  appeair  to  occur  here  ih^ 
the  lower  magnesian ;  one  SI — 10  foot  below' the  sandstone,  andth-^ 
ei]»st  above  the  harder  middle  bed,  and  a  third  below  the  bottom^ 
of  the- ravine,  in  the  lalter  bed,  and  at  the  depth  of  about  TO^ftet^ 
IB  the  lower  magneeian.  The  openings  appeared  partly  narrow^ 
and  vertical,  partly  wide  and  flat,  with  appearances  of  decomposi-  ^ 
tio0  and  stain  in  the  rock,  depositsof  clay  and  ochreyand  arrangie- 
mente  of  the  mineral,  similar  to  those  in  the  upper  magB^aD.') 
Flint,  such  as  is  peculiar  to  t^e  lower  magnesian,  is  found  in  the^ 
openings,  and  is  connected  with  the  mineral  in  the  same  maimer 
aschaa  boen noticed  in  the  flint  openings  in  the  upper  magnedany  i 
The  mineral  in  these  openings  generally  appeared  in  more  or  less^*. 
detached  masses  (chi^nk  mineral,)  often  very  large,  weighing  more^ 
than  100  lbs;  a  few  even  more  than  500  lbs«*    It  Was.  what  la*' 

^Mo  viMk^m^'t^jptittieA  to  lute  U^  found  irei^ag^O  lU 


68 

called  pure  mineral,  free  from  iron  and  zinc  ores,  and  atrongly  re- 
Aembled  that  found  in  the  upper  vertical  openings  in  the  upper 
magneeian.  Afber  examining  this  locality,  I  could  not  doubt  that 
the  lower  magnesian  is  a  good  mineral-bearing  rock. 

I  have  thuB  been  able  to  trace  the  mineral  in  a  series  of  crevioea 
and  openings  from  the  summit  of  the  upper  magnesian  to  the 
depth  of  60 — 70  feet  in  the  lower  magnesiaui  and  have  found  all 
the  different  beds  of  limestone  good  mineral-bearing  rocks,  each 
with  one  or  more  openings,  besides  vertical  or  pitching  sheets  or 
Terns.  The  small  depth  to  which  mining  has  been  extended  does 
94)t  allow  one  to  traoe  the  mineral  through  the  whole  of  the  extent 
downward  in  any  one  instance,  but  wherever  circumstances  per- 
mit of  examiqation,  the  order  of  succession  in  the  openings  is  found 
Cq  be  regular,  and  in  multiplied  instances  vertical  crevices  and 
veins  have  been  found  passing  down  from  one  opening  to  another. 
It  is  then  probable  that  the  series  is  generallj  continued  thiongh 
Che  whole  downward  extent  indicated,  subject  only  to  such  inter- 
mptions  as  are  more  or  lees  common  in  all  veins.  The  arrange- 
ment appears  most  analogous  to  that  of  the  lead  mines  in  the 
Korth  of  England,  where  the  veins  traverse  different  beds  oi 
limestone,  separated  by  beds  of  other  rock  (sandstone  or  grit, 
shale,  and  toadstone  or  amygdaloid,)  but  the  mineral  is  chiefly 
confined  to  the  limestone,  the  other  beds  being  generally  consi- 
dered barren,  and  where  there  is  a  similar  combination  of  vertical 
crevices  atid  veins  with  more  or  less  extensive  flats,  correspond- 
ing to  the  flat  sheets  and  openings  in  the  mineral  district. 

In  resuming  the  statements  in  relation  to  the  openings  in  the 
different  strata,  it  will  be  seen  that  at  least  seven  well  ascertained 
openings,  not  reckoning  their  subdivisions,  have  been  found  in 
the  upper  magnesian  and  blue  limestone,  namely,  two  in  the  up- 
per hed,  and  one  in  each  of  the  two  lower  beds  of  the  former, 
and  one  in  each  of  the  beds  of  the  latter.  The  lower  magnesian 
apparently  presents  thre^  in  the  instance  above  specified :  two  in 
its  upper  bed  ^«n  upper  t.nd  a  lower,)  corresponding  to  the  two  in 
the  upper  bed  of  the  u^^^^er  magnesian,  and  one  in  the  lower  bed 


69 

at  tbat  locality,  vhich  is  apparently  the  middle  bed  of  the  whole. 
Admittiog  a  third  lower  bed  with  its  opening,  the  whole  number 
of  openings  in  the  lower  magnesian  would  be  four,  and  in  the 
whole  series  of  mineral-bearing  limestones  (upper  magnesian, 
blue  limestone  and  lower  magnesian,)  eleven. 

SUEFAOE  ARRANGEMENT.* 

In  exploring  the  different  diggings,  it  will  soon  be  evident  thai 
there  is  a  great  degree  of  order  in  the  surface  arraogemeiit.  The 
East  and  West  as  well  as  the  North  and  South  ranges  wi.l  be 
found  combined  in  groups,  the  different  ranges  in  which  are 
almost  invariably  parallel.  The  East  and  West  ranges  are  obvi- 
ously the  leading  ranges,  to  which  the  North  and  South  and  qnar* 
tering  ranges  are  appended,  but  the  two  latter,  particularly  when 
arranged  in  groups,  play  an  important  part  in  the  arrangement^ 
and  either  interrupt  the  East  and  Wedt  ranges,  or  shift  them  lat- 
erally to  a  greater  or  less  distance.  But  groups  of  North  and 
South  ranges  are  sometimes  interrupted  and  even  shifted  by  a 
single  East  and  West  range.  The  bearing  of  the  leading  rang^ 
known  as  the  East  and  West  ranges,  it  has  already  been  stated,  la 
rarely,  if  ever,  due  east  and  west,  even  deviating  from  thatfborse 
as  much  as  45^  in  some  instances ;  but  this  bearing  is  uniform  in 
each  group,  and  ofben  in  an  extensive  series  of  groups.  In  a  single 
group  of  East  and  West  ranges,  it  will  be  generally  found  that  the 
ranges  have  a  common  limit  towards  the  east  and  west,  but  this 
Umit  is  rarely  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  of  the  ranges ;  each 
range  successively  receding  so  as  to  throw  the  limit  into  a  direc- 
tion more  or  less  oblique  to  that  of  the  ranges.  The  whole  group 
of  ranges  will  thus  take  a  rhombic  form,  and  if  we  begin  at  the 
most  western  point  of  the  group,  will  bear  either  north-easterly 
or  south-easterly,  according  as  the  ranges  recede  from  that  point 

*  My  yiewB  ia  regard  to  the  sorfkce  amngerorat  trera  fint  formed  soon  ftfi  er  I  com* 
anced  my  ezominatioos  for  the  American  Miuiog  Oompaoj  in  Maj,  1853,  and  irer^ 
italed  in  reports  eommnnlcated  to  the  Company  in  July  and  Aagnat  of  that  year. 


70 

o»'Uie  north  or  tike  3ontIi.  This  is  called,  by  observing  mipeis,  ilie 
direction  of  the  body  or  weight  of  the  mineral.  A  remarkably 
ij^tance  of  this  occurs  in  the  three  large  ranges,  adjoining  the 
village  of  Flatteville^  on  the  Qalena  road,  (Flynn's,  Bevins'  and 
the  Rountreo  range.)  The  north  range  (Flyna's)  extends  farthest 
west,  and  terminates  towards  the  east  nearly  opposite  the  middle 
of  the  next  range  (Bevins',)  which  again  terminates  towards  the 
east  nearly  opposite  the  middle  of  the  south  (the  Rountree) 
range  ;  the  body  of  mineral  thus  bearing  south* easterly.  In  this 
inertance,  the  successive  ranges  recede  much  more  strongly  tihan 
is  nsuallj  the  case  in  such  groups.  In  other  instances,  such 
strong  recessions  take  place  by  groups  rather  than  by  single 
ranges ;  the  particular  ranges  in  each  group  receding  but  slightly, 
while  the  groups  recede  in  the  manner  above  indicated,  or  even 
itfore  strongly.  An  instance  of  this  kind,  where  the  groups  'suc- 
ceed each  other  so  as  to  overlap  the  adjoining  hut  about  half  the 
length  of  the  ranges,  occurs  in  the  body  of  mineral  extending 
from  Vinegar  Hill  (III.)  to  South  Biincomb  (Wise.)  near  th6 
otato  line.  In  this  instance,  the  groups  of  East  and  West  ranges 
tfre  limited  on  one  side  by  groups  of  North  and  South  sheets, 
which  shift  apparently  by  pairs  from  the  east  to  the  west  side  of 
lihose  groups.  The  bearing  is  to  the  north-east,  but  that  of  the" 
t^hol^ody  more  oblique  than  that  of  any  single  group. 

The  bearing  of  the  body  of  mineral  may  be  either  north-east- 
^Drlj  or  south-easterly  according  as  the  ranges  or  groups  recede 
ip  the  ea^t  on  the  north  or  south  side  of  the  most  wcsterjn  point. 
In  the  instance  at  Platteville,  the  bearing  is  southreasterjy ;  ia 
that  at  Vinegar  Hill,  northeasterly.  In  some  instances,  there  ia 
a  combination  of  both,  the  mnges  or  groups  receding  eastward 
.from  a  given  point,  both  on  the  north  Aud  south  aid^s  of  it.  This 
18  apparently  the  case  in  the  body  of  mineral  at  Vinegar.  Hill, 
which,  from  a  point  not  far  south  of  that  locality,  recedes  east- 
ward both  on  the  north  and  the  south  ;  the  whole  body  making  » 
bt&nd  or  curve  at  that  point  from  north-west  to  north-east  in  pro- 
ceeding from  the  south. 


n 

The  groups^  in  some  iistiiQces,  are  not  marked  bja  reoestion  m 
tiie  direction  of  the  ranges,  bat  are  shifted  (heaved)  transveraelT', 
«t  or  near  their  extremitj,  the  entire  width  of  the  group,  or  only 
-partly  80.  A  remarkable  inetance  of  this  occnrs  in  a  body  of 
^mineral  traTereing  tlie  South  Hasel  Green  Diggings,  where  the 
(bearing  in  eaeh  group  is  N.  N.  Easterly,  but  the  enecessire  groups 
4lbfft  to  the  north'to  a  greater  or  less  extent^  and  are  connected  at 
<«adli  shift  by  quartering  ranges  bearing  north-easterly.  In  tiiia 
instance,  the  bearing  of  the  entire  body  is  very  oblique  to  that  of 
each  group,  and  the  groups  appear  shifted  sucoessively  to  the  north 
.by  the  passage  of  ^e  quarteriiKg.ninges.  But  though  in  tbiBtin* 
•frtaMe  th^aacceesive  groups  are  shifted  to  the  side  on  which  itib* 
•cai)ges  recede  eastward,  namely,  to  the  north,  yet  they.magr  ha 
ishifted  in  like  manner  to  the  opposite  side  or  the  sottth.  Ihis.ocewa 
.4tt  the. Hobs  Diggings,  at  the  northern  extrentity  of  the  Haziel  Green 
•Diggings,  where  the  body  of  uifineral  appears  to  £sll  back  and  carve 
Moand  from  the  north-east  towards  the  eaM  and  south*  Xn  acme 
iastaneesy  the  groupsshift  altarnately  to  the  north  and  the^Haaofti 
j>v^6erying  in  the  whole  the  same  general  direction,  and  in  ithasa 
inatanoes  also,  Korth  and  South  or  quartering  ranges  maik  >ilia 
poifitfi  of  eliifking.  This  may  be  observed  in  an  extensive  body  ef 
minaral  bearing  £.  S.  Eastevly  (the  direction  of  the  indiTidnal 
rwge^i)  diro^h  Swindler^s  ridge  (Benton.)  This  may  be  trstead 
more  or  less  distinctly  along  a  line  of  2—^  milesi  showing  A 
succession  of  groups  shifted  alternately  to  the  north  and  southland 
in  some  instances  marked  distinctly  by  cross  rang^  at  the  peinti 
of  8Liftii>g.  Thus  the  eastern,  group  (D.  Murphy's)  is  limited  on 
the  west  by  two  cross  sheets  bearing  north  by  west,  and  is  succeed- 
ed, after  an  interval  traversed  only  by  a  quartering  range  bearing 
northwesterly,  by  aoiother  group  (Ellis')  shiifted  to  fhe  iwrth,  and 
this  by  another  (J.  Edwards')  shifted  to  the  south  by  a  crosa 
range  bearing  south  by  west.  The  same  succession  may  be  traced 
atill  farther  west,  but  less  distinctly.  In  other  instancea,  a 
series  of  successive  groups  or  ranges  will  be  shifted  to  the  nortli 
ibr  a  certain  distance,  and  then  to  the  south,  so  as  to  give  to  tha 
whole  a  curved  outline,  like  a  bow.    An  instance  of  this  occnia 


79 

at  SliTillBbnrg,  in  the  ranges  on  the  hill  Bonth  of  the  village,  more 
particalarlj  in  the  sonth  range,  where  the  Bhift  is  to  the  north  on 
the  west,  and  to  the  south  on  the  east,  in  proceediDg  eastward. 
Other  instaDces  of  cnrvilinear  arrangement  appear  to  arise  from 
snccessive  changes  in  the  direction  of  the  ranges,  marked,  in  some 
instances  at  least,  by  the  passage  of  ravines,  Eanges  or  gronpa 
with  snch  curved  outlines  are  called  horse-shoes  by  the  minem. 
The  Heathcock  range  at  Linden,  and  the  body  of  mineral  ait 
Dodgeville,  on  which  Washburn  &  Woodman's  engine  is  placed* 
have  such  an  arrangement 

I  have  thus  far  traced  the  arrangement  of  ranges  into  gronpe, 
and  of  groups  into  larger  bodies  of  mineral.  But  even  the  latter 
appear  connected  in  more  extensive  series,  traversing  a  greater  or 
less  extent  of  the  mineral  district.  In  such  cases,  the  different 
orders  of  succession,  above  noticed,  may  be  combined ;  in  one 
part  of  the  series,  the  groups  merely  receding  to  the  east,  like  the 
ranges,  and  in  another,  shifting  to  the  north  or  south  across  the 
ranges ;  the  direction,  in  the  former  instance,  approaching  north 
and  south ;  in  the  latter,  east  and  west  Hie  different  series  also  ap- 
pear conformable  to  a  certain  eitent  in  their  outline;  thus  show- 
ing a  tendency  to  a  general  systematic  arrangement  throughout 
the  whole.  This  more  general  arrangement  will  be  best  pointed 
out  in  connexion  with  the  detail  of  the  local  arrangemeni,  and  by 
lihe  aid  of  the  map  representing  that  arrangement 

The  relation  of  the  Korth  and  Sonth  and  quartering  ranges  to 
the  East  and  West  ranges  is  a  subject  of  much  interest  and  impor- 
tance. It  has  already  been  observed  that  the  East  and  West  ran- 
ges are  apparently  the  leading  ranges,  those  which  predominate 
and  give  the  prevailing  direction  to  the  mineral.  When  the  Korth 
and  South  or  quartering  ranges  are  small  and  insulated,  they  are 
often  cut  off  or  shifted  by  the  East  and  West  ranges.  They  are 
then  considered  as  feeders  of  the  East  and  Wests,  but  are  rather 
only  offshoots  or  branches  of  the  latter.  North  and  Souths  and 
quartering  ranges,  when  larger  or  grouped,  frequently  either  en- 
tirely interrupt  or  cut  off  the  East  and  Wests,  or  cause  them  to  shift 


73 

to  the  right  OT  left  a  greater  or  less  distance.  Groups  of  cross  raa- 
geaare  frequently  placed  at  the  termination  of  groups  of  East  and 
West  ranges,  in  one  or  both  directions.  When  the  direction  of 
the  bodj  of  mineral  approaches  north  and  south,  and  the  success* 
iye  groups  only  recede,  or  slip  by  each  other,  I  have  sometimes 
observed  these  groups  of  cross  ranges  only  at  one  extremity  of  the 
East  and  Wests,  and  alternately,  singly  or  in  pairs,  on  the  east  and 
the  west.  In  such  cases,  they  seem  to  mark  the  limits  of  the  East 
and  Wests,  as  well  on  the  side  where  they  are  placed,  as  on  the 
opposite ;  the  ranges  being  limited  in  the  last  direction  by  the  line 
drawn  between  the  snccessive  groups  on  that  side.  This  arrange- 
ment is  observed  in  the  body  of  mineral  extending  from  Yinegar 
Hill  to  Bnncomb.  In  this  instance,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  large 
qnartering  ranges  extend  from  one  group  towards  another,  appa* 
rently  governed  in  their  direction  by  the  arrangement  of  the 
Korth  and  South  groups ;  bearing  E.  N.  Easterly,  where  the  North 
and  South  groups  succeed  each  other  from  west  to  east,  and 
W.  N.  Westerly,  where  they  succeed  each  other  from  east  to  west^ 

When  the  groups  of  East  and  Wests  are  shifted  to  the  north  or 
south,  at  or  near  their  extremity,  the  groups  of  cross  ranges  Berf# . 
to  connect  the  contiguous  East  and  West  groups  at  the  point  of 
shifting.  A  series  of  these  may  be  traced,  more  or  less  distinctl/i 
along  the  whole  course  of  the  body  of  mineral  traversing  the 
South  Hazel  Green  Diggings. 

In  some  instances,  extensive  series  of  North  and  South  groopa 
oecor,  traversing  a  body  of  mineral  in  the  direction  of  its  bearings 
and  in  these  cases,  the  snccessive  groups  are  shifted  by  the  pasi^ 
a^  of  one  or  more  East  and  West  ranges.  The  entire  series  may 
be  considered  as  one  body  of  North  and  South  mineral,  successive- 
ly interrupted  and  shifted  by  the  East  and  Wests.  Two  lines  of 
such  groups  of  North  and  Souths  occur  in  the  east  part  of  the 
North  Hazel  Green  (Jefferson)  Diggings,  where  the  North  and 
Souths  are  shifted  to  the  east  towards  the  south,  and  to  the  west 
towards  the  north,  by  the  passage  of  the  East  and  Wests.  In  one 
instance}  I  observed  there  a  North  and  South  sheet  apparently 
10 


^fih^  as  it  approanhedthe  opening  in  the  East  and  West  range^  ad 
&f  to  pass  above  it.  In  other  instances,  a  group  of  INorth  and 
ISonths  will  be  interposed  between  two  corresponding  groups  bf 
■East  and  "Wests,  generally  towards  one 'extremity  of  the  latter^ 
4iie  l^oi^th  and  Sonths  stopping  short  of  the  East  and  Wests,  and 
«tren  of  short -JTofth  and  Souths  leading  towards  them  from  Hre 
(Bast  and  Wests,  and  the  space  between  the  latter,  not  indnded 
iiitihe  group  of  North  apd  Bouths,  presenting  but  slight  indica- 
1;ibns  "Of  mineral.  The  gronp  of  North  and  Souths,  at  South  Hazi^l 
OiiBen,  known  as  the  Phelps  lot,  is  such  an  instance. 

Generally,  when  ranges  having  different  directions  meet  each 
otlier,  one  will  predominate,  and  the  otlier  be  cut  off  entirely,  or 
if  continued,  be  diminished  and  soon  run  out.  At  the  same  time, 
ihere  will  be  usually  an  inci'ease  of  mineral  at  the  point  of  June 
tjon.  But  in  some  instances,  the  two  apparently  interrupt  each 
other,  leaving  a  space,  at  their  passage,  in  which  little  or  no  min- 
I6ral  'is  deposited.  In  such  cases,  the  different  ranges  appev 
^ghtTy  to  affect  each  otlier  and  soon  resume  their  former  course, 
findli  ififstances  occifrred  at  the  crossing  of  East  and  Wests  and 
t?dpfli  atttf  Souths,  in  the  West  Diggings  at  Shullsburg. 

'  'The  most  extended  bodies  of  mineral  are  usually  formed  by  the 
'  groups  of  East  and  West  ranges,  whether  arranged  in. a  series  bear, 
ing  north- easterly  or  south-easterly,  or  more  directly  east  and  west; 
but  in  some  instances,  North  and  Souths  form  very  extended  se- 
Irtes.   'Thus  a  line  of  Worth  andSouths  may  be  traced  at  intervals 
«&om  the  large  North  and  Souths  at  the  East  Blackleg  Diggings, 
•which  cross'  the  eastern  extremity  of  a  large  group  of  East  and 
Wests  (the  West  BJHckleg,)  to  the  western  extremity  of  the  Shulls- 
llurg  Diggings,  at  S.  Townsend's,  where  the  mineral  again  takes 
tt*L  easterly  direction.  The  series  is  apparently  continued  in  anoth- 
«er  body  of  North  and  Souths,  extending  from  the  East  and  Wests 
'at  Shullsburg,  3—4  miles  N.  N.  Easterly,  through  the  Irish  Dig- 
giugSj  to  the  Stump  Grove  Diggings,  where  the  East  and  West 
^direction  is  again  resumed. 
The  East  and  Wests  generally  Ibrm  wider  openings  in  which  tlie 


r 


jmii^eral  ismlarger  iH^>mor9^taphed  masAQs,  a&d  in  maUdFegulifr 
forms,  while  tbe  SJTorth  an^  Souths  osQidly  pree<eat  ooly  nursov 
crevices,  traversed  by  more  even  and  ^oiform  ^hecits ;  'bat  BfMt 
Axi4  Wests  not  unfrequently  take  the  character  of  the  Ji^orth  and 
Souths  and  carry  sheets,  while  North  and  Souths,  butmueh  mq^e 
rarely,  present  wide  crevices  (carrying  large  and  eqnigre  mlnero^, 
li]ce  that  of  the  £ast  and  Wpst  opening^j)  and  even  £at  o()eiiin|||» 
in  the  lower  strata.^  Wide^J^prth  and  South  orevice 'ep.ening|f, 
with  well  marked  East  apd  !W^eat  mineried,  have  heien  observed  ]^f 
me,  at  B.  Ooe%  on  thp  westsid^  pf  ^ever  river  .(aorth. of  Sent^) 
ia  the  lower  bed  of  the  i^per  jo^fignesian^  and  at  thplri^h  J^jg* 
ipingf^  north  of  Shidlsburg^  ip  rthe  upper  bed  of  the  .sameirock;,;  m^ 
<i, North  and  South  iiat  9p^Qg»  oressuig  one  pf  the  regular.  £a^ 
and  West  flat  openkigs,  at  the  rBrushhiU  Digg;ings,  in 'the  flint  |l^^ 
"Ejf^t  and  West  streets  are  viecy  rare  in  some  didtrio^j  but  very  ffj|^ 
gnent'jn  others.  Thus,. at  I>iib.uque  .apd  Fairfiay,  ihe  iE«t  ii^ 
Wests  are  generally  crevice  xxpemogi  or  wider  vertical  apeniiigl, 
while  at  Hazel  Green,  East  ^and  West  sheots  ve  ve^y  t^fnepl^ 
l^ro^ppd  with  wide  Pfei^;ng8,  as*  if  append^gfsis  of  thejf^ttfo:.  At 
yinegarHill^  a  krge.grpup  of  jEast  i|nd  West  sheets,. (8-rl04i^ 
lumber)  is  inte^poeied  between  two. of  tb^  wide*  openmg^^  'XklWf^ 
io^tanices  all  occur  in  theoipper  bed  of  the  upper  .magnepttf^Q^^  j^ 
is  a  question  with  the  mipers,,  wh^ieji*  these  groups  of  East  ^ai^ 
West  sheets  may  not  lead  to  large  opeuings  beneath.  Tb^St  has  Imw 
shown  to  be  true  at  ShuUsbuxig,  where  mining  ha,s  be^  cQ9tinue4 
from  the  openings  in  the  upppr  bed  of  thf  upper  magneftian.  iotf 
the  flint  bed,  and  where  .dij^^reat  crevices  above^  bearing  atti,i»e^alt 
have  been  found  to  enter  a  common  flat  opening  below.  Generally^ 
in  the  wide  flat  openings  in  the  lower  strata,  seis^eral  crevicjes.^Yill 
be  found  to  traverse  the  i:oof,  often  carrying. sheets  of  mineral. 

In  4!he  different  gronps  of  ranges,  whether  East  and  Weslfi  or 
North  and  Sooths,  there  wiU  usaally  be  fotind  some  one  range 

*In  one  inbUnce  (at  Sliav's  Hollow,)  I  observed  a  North  and  Soulli  sbcet  terminating 
atlkORrtdii  de^tb  (In  the  flint' bed,)  inn  fltniflt  bave  opening^,  filled,  except  near Ihe roof, 
iMtl)  Jo«a0<m»fcen«l8O0iii»i|Miig  tnaciU  o/^  bla(}k  osyi  of  fnjiopiian<Uiiok  oshta^  • 


1^ 

lorger^tban  tbe  rest,  called  the  cbampfon  or  maater  range.  But  im 
flome  groups,  particularly  vheie  the  opetinge  are  generally  large^ 
this  diBtinctioD  is  less  obviona. 

I  have  already  observed  that  the  term  East  and  West  is  applied 
to  the  leading  ranges,  although  they  may  deviate  even  45^  from  a 
due  east  and  west  course.  On  comparing  the  different  diggings, 
it  will  be  fonnd  that  a  certain  order  prevails  in  the  bearing  of  the 
leading  East  and  West  ranges*;  the  different  ranges  in  each  usual- 
ly having  a  common  bearing,  and  la  number  of  different  diggings 
being  found  combined  into  a  more  extended  series  by  the  com- 
mon bearing  of  their  ranges.  Thns  the  general  bearing  of  the 
leading  East  and  West  ranges  is,  by  the  compass,  E.  8^  N.  in 
the  Hazel  Green,  Fairplay  and  Lower  Menominee  Diggings,  and 
in  those  in  the  adjacent  parts  of  Illinois  and  Iowa  (at  'Vinegar 
Hill,  north  of  Galena,  and  at  Dubuque  ;)  E.  6*  N.  in  the 
iBmshhill,  Whig  and  Platteville  Diggings;  E.  20*  S.  in  the 
Potosi,  Upper  Menominee,  Patch  and  Benton  Diggings ;  also  in 
the  8hallsbarg  and  Mineral  Point  Diggings,  and  in  a  large  ex- 
tent of  the  eastern  diggings,  chiefly  in  the  northern  part  of 
Green  county;  E.  10^  S.  in  theOassville and  Beetown  Diggings; 
also  in  the  S.  K  Platteville  and  Elk  Grove  Diggings;  E.  5**  8. 
at  North  Buncomb,  Shaw^  Hollow  and  New  Diggings ;  and  S.  R 
in  the  range  of  diggings  near  Fever  river,  extending  iVom  Bnz- 
zard's  Boost  to  the  Shullsbnrg  branch  at  Quinby's  mill.  The  bear- 
ing of  the  ranges  haa  thus  an  important  connexion  with  the  sya- 
tematic  arrangement.  It  should  be  viewed  in  this  connected  man- 
ner to  give  it  interest  both  in  a  scientific  and  practical  point  of 
view. 

On  looking  at  the  map,  in  which  I  have  attempted  ^to  give  the 
local  arrangement  of  the  diggings,  so  far  as  I  have  examined 
them,  a  systematic  order  presents  itself,  pervading  the  whole  dis- 
trict, which  indicates  that  the  mineral  deposits  are  not  caanal, 
but  regularly  arranged.  This  may  be  regarded  as  an  impoiiant 
eonfirmation  of  the  facts  already  stated  in  relation  to  the  arrange- 
m#at  of  the  mineral  in  veins.    My  object,  in  this  map,  ia  not  to 


77 

giTe  all  the  particular  rangdSi  bntoal/  the  mode  of  arrangemeat,. 
aad  the  relative  extent  of  the  diggiags.  It|laclades  only  that 
part  of  the  mineral  district  in  Wisooasin,  already  examiQed,  witli 
Bome  of  the  cotmacted  diggings  in  the  adjoining  part  of  Illinois. 
Had  I  been  able  to  make  a  reconaoiasance^of  the  whole  ci  the  min- 
eral district,  the  arrangement  would  have  been  more  completei 
and  some  of  the  series  better  filled  than  thej  now  are ;  but  suck 
as  it  is,  it  will  serve  to  illustrate  the  view  I  hare  taken  of  the  sub- 
ject, and  the  mode  in  which  I  should  proceed  to]inyesttgata  it. 

The  first  point  to  which  I  would  direct  attention  is  the  occur- « 
eace  of  several  ezteneire  connected  series  of  ranges  between ' 
which  little  or  no  mineral  has  jet  been  discorctrod.  These  series 
OKhilnt  a  general  conformltj  in  their^arrangement.  Beginning  at 
the  south-west,  thej  first  bear  northerly,  then  easterly,  and  then 
south  easterly ;  thui  farming  an  extensive  curve.  I  have  already 
observedthatone  of  these  aeries  (that  at  Vinegar  Hill,  111.)  first 
bears  northwesterly  (N.  K  W.)  and  then  northeasterly.  This 
course  may  also  be  traced  in  the  series  next  westKtbat  at  Hdael 
Green,)  and  the  observations  which  I  have  thus  far  made  in  other* 
series  would  seem  to  indicate  this  as  the  general  arrangement 

The  different  series,  which  I  have  been  able  to  trace,  are  the 
following,  beginning  at  the  n-^rth-west :  1.  That  fcommencing  at 
the  Muddy  Diggings,  north  of  Oassville,  then  passing  N.  N.  E.  to 
the  North  Diggings,  and  then  east  to  theJBeetown  Diggings,  where 
it  expands  particalarly  towards  the  north,  and  towards  the  east 
shows  a  beanng  to  the  south  east.  This  is^probably  connected 
with  the  Pigeon  Diggings  and  other  diggingsjfarther  east,  north  of 
the  line  of  my  present  exploration.  Qn  the  south-west,  it  may  be 
connected  with  the  diggings  in  Iowa  opposite  Cassville.  2.  That 
extending  from  near  the  mouth  of  Grant  river  through  the  differ- 
ent groups  of  the  Potosi  Diggings  to  the  Bed-Dog  Diggings  in  a 
north-easterly  (N.  N.  B.)  direction;  then  east  by^the  Brusbhilland 
Whig  Diggings  to  the  Piatteville  Diggings,  where  it  expands  to- 
wards  tho  north;  and  then  in  an  £.  S.  £.  |direction  through  the 
South-Bast  Piatteville  and  Elk  Qrove  Diggii^s.to  the  Strawberry 


78 

Diggings,  wh«re  it  is  interrupited  "by  a  wide  extent  of  prairie  ftr-^ 
ther  east,  in  Tvhich  no  ranges  h&ye  yet  been  traced.    This  is  proV 
ably  connected  in  range  with  the  diggings  west  of  the  Mississip- 
pi, in  a  direction,  south  froih  Potosi,  (the  Macoqneta  and  DubiKjtife' 
Diggings,)  which  would  farther  complete  it  on  that  side.     3.  T-bat^ 
cmnmettcitig  near  the  sonth  line  of  the  State  in  the  Fairplay  Dfg- 
gtogfl,  and  extending  northerly  (first  N:  N.  E.  then  N.  H.  W.y 
through  the  Lower  Menominee  to  the  Upper  Mehotninee  (Jameff-^ 
town)*  Diggings;  then  bearing  E.  N.  E.  through  tfee  latter,  then 
Bhiftiog  Dorthrcasfierly  to  tlie  Pbtdh. Diggings^  then  paasing  £.  B.  £• 
t^tbeBnzzard^Blloost  Diggings,  and  then  bearing:  Bootb^eaBt  to^ 
tliet&hnlkbcirg  braiiob,  nortibof  iKew  Diggings.    This  is  probtt* 
biy  connected  with  the  Lower  GaJena  Diggings,. in-  the  forhs.  o£^ 
Eenmsr  river  and  the  Mid8i8fii|>pi,  S.  6.  E.  of  the  Fairplay  Diggings 
4;  That  indndiog  the  Hazel  Qreen  Diggings^  which  maybe  trai3«d^ 
friam  thode  diggings. into  Illinois,  first  S«  S.  W.  tiieo  &  &  £«  to^ 
the  Upper  Galena  Diggings  (north  of  Galena.).   On  its  westenif 
bbrdctii,  in  His  HazeK^een  Diggings,  it  bears  N.lf.  E.  totheSosa* 
Diggings,  and  then  curves  around  to  the  E.  S«  E.  through  the  Benr 
ton  Diggings  to  Fever  rivter  at  Benton.    5.  That  inolndingF  tbe^ 
Yinegiur  Hill  Diggings,  bearing  N.  N.  W.  to  Vinegar  Hill,  then 
no^th^eaaterly  to  Bunconib  and  Shaw's  Hollow,  and  them  easterly 
through  the  New  Diggings.    6.  East  of  the  south-east  poiut  of 
series  .3)  the  E.  S.  E.  direction  of  series  4  (at  Benton)  is  resumed  aif 
i^omefit  and  Spenceley's  Diggings  on  the  ShuUsbnrg  branch,  and 
co^ntino^d  through  the  Shullsbnrg  Diggings.    Tliese  We  interseet^ 
ed  by  the  extensive  range  of  liortix  and  Souths  leading^from  the> 
East  Blackleg  (connected  with  .a  series  of  East  and  Wests  on  th^ 
!Eiast  Fork  of  Fever  river)  through  the  North  and  Soudis  at  Town- 
sMd's  BSkd  the  L'ish  Diggings,  to  the  East  and  Wests  at  Siamp 
Grove,  N.  N.  E.  of  Sbullaburg.    7.  A  series  of  small  groups  may 
be  traced  easterly,  in  a  lino  east  from  the  Strawberry  Diggings^. 
thffOQgh  Skidmore's  and  Halstead's:  Diggings,  by  Dariington,  t9. 
Whiteade's  Diggings,  whence  it.  bears  soath-eastorly  to  the  Wiote/^ 
Diggings;    8.  Another  series,.  oojBimenoing  at  King!s  and  tto' 


\ 


SorkeADaerDig^ge^  wosbof  the  West  Pecfttoiriica»  etta&dft<fi»to 
E.  N.  Easterlj  by  tiie  Dnk.'e  Prairie  Diggings  to  the  Yellow  B^obai 
Diggingf,  tbea  through  these  in  ageueral  eesteriy  course  tptW 
Bast  Pecatopioa^  and  to  Bigga'  and  the  Badger  Diggings,  and  thent 
Bmkth-easterl;  by  Shook's  Prairio  (the  Aspen  Grove  Mine)  tda 
Skinner's  Diggings  and  others  north  and  east  of  Idionroe.  9.  Iher 
diggings  tl  Mineral  Point  apparently  form  part>  of  another  tm*i 
riee,  ooDsmeseing  on  the  sotttbweat  at  the  forks  oi  the>  West) 
P^catoaieaf  and  the  Mineral  Point  branid^.  and  themee  beanriig^ 
]S«  TR\  Eaakerly ,  biH  the  course  of  which  I  haye  not  yet  had  an  oppeow ^ 
t«aity  o£  tracing  satisfactorily  to  the  dorth'^aat  and  east:.  ISdil 
seiies  perhaps  ext^ida  bj  Dodgeville,  Sidgeway  and^  thtt'BliM< ' 
Moundsf  to  Exeter;  first  bearing.  N.  N.  S.  to  Dodgeville,  tlMPr 
east  to  the  Blae  Mounds,  and  thettsonih-east  to  ita  tevminatibti'^^ 
the  valley  of  Sugar  river. 

These  series  are  in  some  instances  oonaected  by  intenmdiMeo 
groups.  TIms'  the  South- West  Platteville  Diggings/ may  ba :  o(m^\ 
sidered  As  intermediate  between  series  S  ati  the  Patch  Dig^gair 
and  series  2  at  the  main  body  of  the  Platteville  Diggings.  Qth-  . 
er  instajDoes  will  be  stated  in  the  details  following.  In  no  part  ef  > 
themaeral  district  examined,  have  lobserjed  so  great  a.oeQ]iex<^^ 
ioikof  different  series  as  at  Benton  and  New  Diggings,  wberO'> 
several  seem  to  concentrate.  ^  '  •( 

The  gronping  of  the  Bast  and  Wests  by  theif  bearings  does  not  ^ 
correspond  strictly  with  this  arrangement  in  cont^ected  series,  but ' 
has  important  relations  to  it.    Thus  the  bearmg  E.  10**  S.  pre-  ■ 
vails  through  series  1,  as  far  as  yet  examined,  and  in  the  east  part  ' 
of  series  2,  where  it  bears  R  8.  R;  but  these  two  divisions  are  * 
remote  and  detached.    That  of  E.  20^  S.  prevails  in  the  Potesi 
Diggings  in  series  2,  the  Upper  Menominee  and  Patch  Diggings  * 
in  series  3,  the  Benton  Diggings  in  scries  4,  and  the  Shnllsburg  ' 
IlfiggingB  in  serieS'  (l«    These  extend  acrosa  the  oonntry  in  a  gener- 
al KSj  £  difQctioH,  sndinelude  all  the  diggings  in  their  course,' 
exoapt  the  sonth^east  point  of  series  3.    "Hie  same  bearing  is  ob-  * 
aervedinf  Ule  Mineral  Point  Diggings  and  in  most  of  the  digging^  ' 


\ 


80 

eafttof  the  East  Pecatonica  in  Green  Go.,  inclnding  those  in  the 
east  part  of  series  8.  The  bearing  E.  8^  N.  prevails  in  the  sonth- 
west  part  of  series  2,  8,  4  and  6,  presenting  one  great  body  of 
mineral  from  west  to  east,  the  most  remarkable  and  that  whioh 
•hows  best  the  predominance  of  the  East  and  West  ranges.  Dif- 
ferent ranges  are  supposed  to  be  continued  throngh  the  whole  ex- 
teat  from  the  Dabuqne  Diggings  on  the  west  to  the  Hazel 
Qreen  Diggings  on  the  east,  and  even  farther,  and  some  are  said 
to  hiave  been  traced  throngh  by  sarvej.  At  least  it  may  be  af- 
firmed that  the  series  formed  in  nearly  an  east  and  west  line,  by  the 
Dabuqne,  Fairplay  and  Hazel  Green  Diggings,  and  continued 
through  those  at  Benton,  New  Diggings  and  ShuUsburg,  is  the 
moat  connected  and  regular  and  in  the  whole  the  most  produc- 
tive of  any  in  the  mineral  district. 

Some  series  of  less  extent  or  more  interrupted  may  be  traced, 
conforming  in  their  arrangement  to  the  more  extended  series,  and 
perhaps  indicating  the  course  of  bodies  of  mineral  which  hare 
not  yet  been  explored.  Thus  one  such  maybe  traced  from  a 
group  of  ranges  S.  S.  E.  of  Sinsinawa  Mound  (Gautier's  and  oth- 
ers,) N.  N.  E.  by  Tamer's  Diggings  to  the  Findley  Diggings  on 
the  west  fork  of  the  Sinsinawa,  and  to  the  source  of  the  east  fork 
of  the  same.  The  large  bodies  of  mineral  recently  found  at  Tur- 
ner's Diggings  would  seem  to  indicate  that  farther  important  dis  • 
coveries  may  yet  be  expected  along  that  line.  Slighter  indica- 
tions of  another  such  series  may  be  Iraced,  between  the  Mississip- 
pi and  the  Great  Menominee,  from  Gilbert's  and  Henderson's 
diggi"g3,  just  south  of  the  State  line,  by  Sinipee  to  the  Wolf 
DiggingSi  near  Dickeysville  (Paris,)  west  of  the  Jamestown  Dig- 
gings. These  lines  of  detached  diggings,  although  they  may  be 
as  yet  of  little  importance,  are  worthy  of  notice,  in  connexion 
with  farther  searches  for  mineral,  or  as  guides  for  prospecting. 

In  tracing  the  different  series,  it  will  be  found  that  the  different 
groups  succeed  each  other  in  a  certain  order,  variously  modified 
indeed^  but  yet  tending  to  a  general  system.  The  following  de- 
tail will  serve  better  to  illustrate  the  arrangement  of  the  series. 


«1 

TkMy  ^dfkmiAg  tfie  irert  Imi&t  of  Ae  fint  wtiMy  it  will  be  ftttftff 
tbl>toriioraM88lfiM4y  ftom  the  Huddy  IKggkgs  (1  a^y  to  the  Kerfli 
ZKggiirgB  (1  i,)  8tid  tiien  east  to  tbe  ^scmtb-wMl  ])Ohi^  of  (he  See* 
fo#ii  Diggingd,  which  firet  preaefot  8  large  groop  ef  fiasrti  and  Wert 
rttDgeB  Ohe  MHseektige  B^glnge,  I  o,)  extowdlng  &ort!befly  atleng 
flie  eftit  fide  ef  Battlemake  ereek*  Thie  is  marked  towatAa  IJbe 
norfli  by  a  line  of  qftarteridga,  bearing  northeasterly,  al  B^yywo'ii 
range,  indleatftyg^a  recession  to  the  north-east.  On  the  south,  thfii 
gfmip  is  connected  with  a  groop  ferther  ett^t  (the  Kip  and  Tnek 
Diggings,  1  €^)  in  whieh  nmnerons  Korth  and  Booths  are  com^ 
bined'with  fewer  East  and  Wests,  marking  a  similar  direction  ti 
the  norfli.  Kest  succeeds  the  main  body  of  mineral  in  this  series 
(the  proper  Beefown  Diggings,  1  a,)  in  the  ridge^betweeit  the  Be^ 
Ikrwn  brandi  and  ChvntriTer,  and  in  a  position,  on  die  whde,  &)S 
tker  north  than  the  two  latter  gronps.  Tlie  bearing  of  thls^  ii 
aeath-easteriy;  tbeaExa:e  northern  ranges  extending  fkrtiier  west; 
sad  the  more  soirthern  fkrther  east,  and  this  bearing  is  ftlilh^ 
DMirkisd'  by  qnarteriiyg  attdl!7orth  and  Sonths,  bearing  in  AW 
aame  genera}  direction.*  A  detached  gronp  (Basletti'i^  Diggings/ 
1/)  M.  If  .  E.  df  Hre  nortb-wesC  point  of  the  proper  Beetown  IKgi 
gtngs,  feims  ttte  norlbem  limit  of  diis  series,  and  is'  apparently 
oratinned  &  8.  Eastiriy  in  a  sbiaS  gronp  of  diggings  on  the  east 
side  of  Oraat  river.f  ^ 

The  series  2  also  presents  a  similar  snecession  of  groups.  Ihe 
Sontir  Potosi  Diggitogs  (2  a,)  commencing'  on  the  east*  bank  at 
Grant  river,  near  its  mouth,  extend  K.  K.  £•  along  the  east  side 
of  Blgby  hollow  to  the  summit  between  Potosi  (Snake)  hollow  and 
the  waters  of  the  Platte,  and  from  this  line  bear  "E.  S.  Easterly,, 
extending  much  farther  east  towards  the  north  than  towards  the 
south ;  the  group  forming  a  curve,  analogous  to  that  of  the  en- 
tire series,  directed  towards  the  Patch  and  Upper  Menominee 
Diggings.    After  a  considerable  interval,  another  group  (Oraig's, 

*Tk6nDg9 c«lMiKacti» tnd  9#otlMkat«  Imbb *ir.  W.-^S.  B.  beiffii«. 

i  Thii  last  gmp  ^hMj  foni«  a  o«n»«don  betTeen  tlie  BstUnra  and  Pf gaaft  iKg* 

11 


82 

BiggingSi  9 1)  commences  at  Boenavii^tai  wJi^e  it  it  markeil  oa  tke 
west  by  a  line  of  KortU  and  Soathe,  bearing  around    from 
S.  8.K0Q  theaontk  to  N.  N.  £»  on  the  north|  and  limltix^  the 
Saat'and  W^sts  in  thi«  gro^p  on  the  west    The  south-east  border 
of  this  gronp  is  also  marked  bj  Korth  and  Son^  bearing  ST,  ^^ 
Easterlj.    This  is  followed  by.  a  series  of  groups  saccessivalj 
receding  to  the  east  towards  th^  north  (Cojle's,  BpckyiUe,  Piu^ 
hook  and  Bed  Dog  Diggings,)  the  >la$t  of  which  (2  c)  terminates  oa 
the  east  in  a  bluff  on  the  west  side  of  the  JBig  Fl^tte.    This  last 
group  is  particularly  marked  by  q^uartering  creyices^  indicating  a 
pbange  in.  tibe  ^direction  of  the  series  Uf  the  east    In  Hie  interval 
£rom  the  Ked  Dog  Diggings  to  the  Platteyille  Dlggiiigs,  only  two 
considerable  groups,  the  BrushhiU  and  Whig  Diggings  {2d^2.e^) 
bearing  nearly  east  and  weist,  mark  the  course,  of  tb^  series.    The 
Platteyille  Diggings  (3^)  then  form  an  exteosiye  body  of  mineral^ 
bearing  north-easberly  from  the  South -West  Diggiiigs  (3/)  through, 
the  line  of  diggings  along  the  south  side  of  Platteyille  yillagOi  in-, 
eluding  the  three  ranges  on  the  Galena  road  alrei^dy  notiped,  to, 
two  large  groups  north  of  the  village,  successively  receding  easU 
A  line  of  ranges,  east  of  the.  village,  also  bears  north-easterly  from, 
the  east  point  of  the  group  south  of  the  village,  extsnding  east,  at 
its  north-east  point,  in  p,  projection  crossed  by  Korth  and  Souths. 
The  series  is  then^  continued  in  a  direction  E.  S.£.  frc^a  the  group, 
south  of  the  village,  through  the  South-East  Platteyille  Diggii^ 
(2  A)  to  the  north  west  point  of  the  Elk  Grove  Diggings  (2  e)  at  J.. 
Phillips'  farm.    The  principal  groups  in  the  Elk  Grove  Diggings  • 
extend  K  N.  E.  from  their  south- west  point  at  Hutchinson's  Dig^ 
gings,  along  the  west  side  of  the  west  branch  of  Fever  river  to 
their  north-west  point  above  indicated,  and  then  bear  E.  S.  East- 
erly to  the  NorHi  Diggings  near  the  Elk  Grove  and  Mineral  Point 
road.    A  few  more  isolated  ranges  lie  south  of  the  latter  towards 
Elk  Grove  village.    Farther  in  the  same  E.  S.  E.  direction, is  a. 
large  detached  group  (the  Strawberry  Diggings,  2^',)  on  the  east 
side  of  the  east  branch  of  Fever  river,  also  extending  N.  K  fe  ; 
marked,  on  the  south,  by  a  remarkable  change  in  the  direction  of 


S3 

die  rangeB  from  a  sont^-eadt  to  an  £.  S.  E.  bearing  (that  of  the 
ranges  in  the  main  body  of  the  gronp  towards  the  north.)  East  of 
ffais  gronp,  there  is  a  wide  interval  in  which  no  ranges  have  been 
discovered.  The  series  7  commences  at  Skidmore's  Diggings 
nearly  east  from  the  sonth  point  of  the  Strawberry  Diggings,  and 
In  the  direct  interval  between  these,  traces  of  mineral  have  been 
discovered  at  the  Light-House  tavern,  on  the  Platteville  and' 
Shnllsbnrg  road,  perhaps  indicating  the  passage  of  ranges  along 
that  line. 

The  next  series  (3)  commences  on  the  south  with  a  very  exteiH 
give  group  (the  Fairplay  Diggings,)  extending,  along  its  western  . 
border,  from  its  S.  W.  point  near  the  State  line,  in  a  N,  K.  K 
direction,  with  a  series  of  recessions  to  the  east,  most  strongly 
marked  towards  the  north.  Iliis  may  be  divided  into  two  subor* 
dinafe  groups,  separated  by  the  east  and  west  hollow  at  Fairplay 
village.  The  South  group  is  divided  into  two  parallel  se- 
ries, bearing  northerly,  in  which  the  ranges  generally  cor- 
respond, but  separated  by  an  interval. lA  which  most  of  the 
ranges  are  apparently  interrupted  or  have  not  beeA  followed* 
The  ranges,  however,  are  more  connected  towards  the  north;  the 
two  series  uniting  in  the  ridge  south  of  Fairplay  village*  The 
western  series  (3a,)  along  the.  east  side  of  the  Fairplay  branch,  waa 
discovered  and  worked  five  years  before  the  other,  along  the  west 
side  of  the  Sinsinawa  Mound  at  th^  Jamestown  Mine.^  The  most 
northern  ranges  and  the  most  southern  in  the  eastem  series  (3&). 
extend  or  at  least  have  been  worked  much  farther  east  thaa  the 
intermediate  ranges.  Tlie  Northern  group  (3c)  projects  sL'ghtly  to 
the  west  at  its  S.  W.  point,  and  the9  recedes  to  the  east^  at  first 
more  slightly  in  a  number  of  extensive  ranges,  and  then  largely 
towards  the  north,  where  it  forms  a  subordinate  group  of  less  ex- 
tent from  east  to  west,  and  terminates  in  a  detached  r^nge  on  A. 
Taylor's  farm.  From  this  point  the  series  projects  to  the  N,  W.; 
its  courise  in  that  direction  being  marked  by  three  successive 
groups  of  East  and  Wests,  crossed  by  N*.  West  quartering  ranges 

*  Tin  diggiDSt  in  the  W«rt  Mito  wera  ftrndc  to  1841-a ;  tlu)M  in  th«  Eaal,  in  184^ 


le)|^U^  towiknj9  thf)  w^t  point  of  the  ITpj)^  ^^nominm  IMl^ 
ffiD^.  Qf  these  ^oupa.  the  accoi^d  (th^  I^ewer  ItfeiPpioipee  Bi^^t^ 
gin^y  3d)i  h  th^  moft  cQx^icler^l^^  Th^  IJppj^  Jdjenomip^ 
Jamestown)  Diggii^  (8a,)  presept  a  flerjeei  of  ^ast  f^xi  W^% 
A)earing  £.  S.  l^,,)  the  most  ^oiithern  cojmmeixcutg  ^tbe^t  y^Bsi^ 
and  the  more  ^ortibieFa  recedins^  Bncces^av^jr  to  th^  east  ii^  groiapfi. 
Qyerlappii?|f  eaoh  oth^x  morq  pr  lef i^i  tfeei  bawi^g  of  H^  vM^ 
bod  J  of  n^in^i^  being  £•  IJT*  K.  On  coinpiMrii^  the  9erie8  ^ihot:^ 
dinate  to  series  8  on  the  east,  the  first  groap  will  be  found  8.  S*  £}« 
from  the  8.  E.  point  of  the  Fairplay  Diggings;  the  second,  east 
of  that  point;  the  next  (Tamer's,)  nearly  ei^st  of  the  subordinate 
group  at  the  N.  E.  point  of  the  Fairplay  Diggings;  the  ^ez^ 
(l«^ndley*s,)  nearly  east  of  the  Lower  Kenominee  Diggings.;  an4 
the  last  (at  the  source  of  th^  east  fqrkpf  the  Sin8inai;ra3  £.  T$.  £.  of 
the  east  point  of  tl^e  Upper  Menominee  I)iggings  and  south  of  th% 
Patob  Diggings.  The  Patch  Diggings  (8/*,)  th^  ne^t  ini  succession 
to  the  Upper  Menominee  Diggings,  lie.  considerably  to  the  IS.  £^ 
of  the  latter,  in  a  direction  towards  the  PUttevine  Diggings^  and 
occupy  an  intermediate  position  between  them.  They  consist 
chie^y  of  a  main  body  of  East  and  "Wests,  crossed  on  the  west  anc^ 
east  by  groups  of  Korth  and  Southei,  which  serve,  to  mark  the 
limits  in  those  directioi^s.  la  the  interval  between  tbe  Pq^tch 
I^iggiJig*  aiid  the  Buzzard's  Ropst  Digging?,  in  an  E.  8,  E.  direcf 
tion,  Z  have  observed  only  ^  sipall  group,  a  little  8.  E.  of  tb^, 
forks  of  the  Platteville  and  Elk  Grove  roads,  The  Buzzard's  E^oost 
Diggings  (8^*,)  are  the  commencement  of  a  series,  of  diiggipgs  (8AJi 
dready  mentioned,  bearing  sout^i-ea^erly  across  Fever  river  to. 
the  Shullsburg  branch.  These  diggings  are  in  the  lower  bed  of 
the  upper  magnesian  and  in  the  blue  limestone,  principaUy  in  the 
f<mner.  Hey  include  thoeie  along  thp  west  side  of  Fever  river  to 
the  Missouri  branch  near  Benton,  and  those  betwecA  Fever  river 
and  the  Shullsburg  branch  to  the  Benton  and  Shullsburg  rpad. 
This  is  the  only  in^tanc^  I  have  yet  observed  of  such  a  8.  E.  di- 
rection of  the  leading  ranges.  That  this  direction  is  not  d^riv^4 
from  the  strata  in  which  the  diggings  are  situated  is  shown  by  thau 


I 


HiSettnt  d&cictloti  of  the  tttn^  in  tile  dfttne  itftAA  both  M  Huie^ 
rai  Fbittt  &nd  in  the  nhmediittiie  rien^ity  !n  ,th^  drjr-bone  d'T^giii^ 
li^t  o^  iShiUlitofg.  The  tdwe]"  ObUli)!  Digging,  iR  the  fbi'lb  oi^ 
FdVter  riVer  foi  Hhe  MtteiBsl^pi,  B.  W.  rf  Oaleh^  Hit  Ih  »  B.  B.  2; 
Oft^dtfon  fiy^m  fbii  Fiiirplajr  Bfj^^n^  Cc(^iifohnabl}r  t6  Ai^  alfiUil^ 
Itii^  6bher\^ed  in  8brf^8  4  ind  ft,)  htat  I  Mri  i^oi  yrt  iiufeed  & 
cEE^etet  tlontxeidSotL  betWeeti  tniMi* 

BidrieB  4  may  he  donsidered  ias  dommencing  in  £he  tTpper  ^^ 
lena  l)i;^ging8|  oh  the  weikt  sidlB  of  l^ever  river^  adljoining  (j(^alen4 
htx  the  K •  £.  It  extends  noftk-westerly  from  these  by  dbmstoc^^ 
Diggings  to  the  Camp  ^'roand,  west  of  the  JGfalena  iCnd  Itineral 
Point  road,  whence  it  bears  northerly,  west  of  that  road,  to  the 
6.  yft.  jidiht  drtb6  Jhmiit^n  Di^ghi^,hi  ftlkUie^  of  lfr6itt[knd 
MAitfasmy^oihbked  ^th  Eltet  and  TfiMto,  ^^r&(MMj  ^iristik 

ttU^flV  df  Stet  and  ^^tk,  IdiUhdhli^  ioWixHlft  the  8iri«linaw4  Hye^« 
^e  mttA  Qi^ri  Diggings  itoamiehci  tkM  the  iiorth  )(>otht  of  (i^e 
^M  of  Kettb  dktd  Bbntin,  jtM  menf iolhe^  !n  l!h6  i^^^arkable  bod^^ 
Hit  jtLihmi  (i  V)  tr^VMing  theih  In  an  H.  17.  !E.  dti^ti6n,  all-ea^^ 
Mfbired  to.  iniikpi^sents  il  ^^iei  6f  iA^t  grohpd,  shimng  sfaccAsH- 
iVely  to  the  torth,  o^  to  the  leit,  lind  ^zltending  about  two  mifes, 
%,  ai  alinoBt  nnthterfnpted  i!^rieb,  A'om  ^e  ^.  Vt.  co'rher  of  the 
'^iggingb  to  Ball  !Bi*anch,  on  tiieir  eastern  border.  tTwo  large 
^npd  6f  N6M  and  Spilths  (the  northern  Imown  as  the  Phelps 
Idt,)  with  East  and  Wests  intervening,  extend  north  from  the  fourth 
^ottp  to  a  deta^hq^  fitr^iip  of  East  and  Wests,  nearly  Mrest  of  the 
Wghdi  group.  North  of  th^  B.  1V.  point  of  this  body  of  mineral, 
t  Itfrge  group  of  East  and  Wests  (the  Pdrdy  lot.  4  c)  projects  lb 
ihe  west,  and  npt  fi^r  N.  E.  6f  this  a  6^riies  of  In  orth  and  Bouth'a 
tsbmmences  and  extends  first  al6ng  the  ^^st  border  of  the  main 
body  of  the  diggings  to  Culverts  gtoup,  bearing  N.  N.  E.;  tJieh 
tffosses  towards  the  east  side  of  the  diggings  (at  4^,)  and  is  there 
continued  to  their  northern  bordel",  first  bearing  H*.  N.  E.  and 
iben  mere  direody  north.  East  of  this  line  of  Iil#rtb  and  Bontfas) 
before  its  shift  to  the  east,  difhtant  ^npi  of  Bast  Ad^WiMlh 


firoBB  the  diggipgA  more  or  less  conformably -to  the  coarae  of  the 
body  of  mineral  on  the  soudL  Farther  north  (at  JefForaon  lil- 
iagO))  a  namber  of  large  East  and  Wests,  accompanied  with  smaL- 
ler,  particularly  on  the  oast,  cross  the  Korth  a^d  Souths,  inter- 
rupting and  shifting  them  in  their  conrse.  Farther  north-weat,  is  a 
lieries  of  ranges  (Rocky  Point  ancj  Waterloo  Diggings,)  bearing 
more  E.  N.  Easterly,  and  the  whole  series  is  UoMted  in  that  direa- 
tion  by  two  detached  groups,  neai^y  in  line,  one  of  <N.  N.  Easts 
(the  Dutch  lot,)  west  of  Culver's  group,  and  the  other  of  E.  K: 
Easts,  on  the  north,  (the  Hoss  Diggings,  4a,)  in  smaller  groups 
successively  shifted  to  the  south,  marking  the  turn  of  the  series 
from  north  to  east. 

The  body  of  nQiineral  along  the  south  bord^  of  the  Hazel  Gteeeii 
pig^ngs  ip  continued  in  a.  series  of  r  group9,  also  shifting  to  ttM 
north,  through  Langworthy's  Digging  to  Oopn  Bran(^(sonth-west  of 
Benton,)  east  of  w:hioh  the  series  is  continued  in  a  direation  east 
"by  south  towards  the  Kew  Diggings.  East  of  the  iN^orth  ao4 
Souths  at  the  north-east  point  of  the  Hazel  Green  Diggings,  a  lai^ 
group  of  East  ^nd  W^t  sheets  (the  Sheet  lot)  extends  across  the 
high  ridge  west  of  Ooon  Branch  towards  the  Benton  Diggings;^ 
and  is  bordered  east  by  groups  of  Korth  and  South  sheets 
(Selkirk*s  and  the  Pry-Grove  Diggings.)  The  JK)rthem  border  of 
series  4  bears  E.  K.  E.  from  the  Hoss  Diggings  to  a  small  groujp 
of  East  and  Wests*  not  far  east  of  the  Platteville  road,  whence  a 
series  of  groups  extends  E.  S.  E.  to  the  east  point  of  Swindler's 
ridge  (4/*,)  north  of  Benton  village ;  more  interrupted  towards  the 
west,  and  more  approximated  towards  the  east.  These  have  been 
referred  to  (p.  71,)  as  shifting  alternately  to  the  north  and  the 
south  through  their  course.  Three  parallel  lines  of  ranges,  withVi 
similar  E.  S.  E.  bearing,  occur  farther  south,  towards  the  Sheet 
lot)  the  most  considerable  of  which  commences  on  the  west  in  the 
Pole  range  and  extends  with  some  interruptions  to  the  diggings 
at  the  south  end  of  Benton  village  (4^.) 

.    *TliMMlilMb«ommenMai«iitonei«wertlMirB.V.S^'MdtliMB.a&ka 


87 

•Seifca  5  commences  on  Fevei'  river  near  the  junction  of  the 
eftBt  fofk  (in  nJinois,)  and  extends  north-westerly  to  the  sonth-west 
point  of  the  Tinegar  Hill  Biggings,  and  then  north-easterlj  again  to 
Pe?er  river  at  Bnncomb,  forming  a  well  marked' curve.  This 
part  of  the  series  is  tnarked  throughout  by  a  succession  of  groups' 
advancing  west  to  Vinegar  Hill  tiud  thefn  receding  east  fb  Bon- 
eomb,  almost  tinliitermpted  in  the  latter  direction,  forming  there^ 
the  main  body  of  the  series  (5e»,)  already  referred  to  as  showing 
ibm  €&motidB«pf  ^bodiea^^f  .namerai  obliquely  crossiag  the  l>Qarlpg 
of;Ae  Taiigca'(pk^.)  /Itis^i^  eharttctaBxized  thvongboot  th» 
gpeeater  paM  if  jsot  the  whole  of  it9  extent  bygroups  of  North  and 
Soolha  bordann^  ihe  gtoups  of  East  Mid*  Westaon  the  ctbst  oi' 
^eil  This  arjningiaoieQtia  remarkable  (is'the  Koithahd  Soathtf 
boarder  the  Eaat  and  Wests  altemiatriy  ia  pairs  on  the  eaat '  and; 
the:  west;  qiiartearidgj*aBge8,  in  a  oorrespOoding  direetioBy  aH  the 
q^e-iinfe  ttafkiog  the  6hift»of  tiie  Koitb  and  Soatbs.  At  Bnn^ 
<Kmb^  Ih^  seriiB  diridea ;  ihe  janeist  oonneoted  poltion  {5b)  ex- 
tMl^log  tioriky  ,ap  Ball  Brftach^  (fowiurda  titus.  eaat  paint  t>f  the  bodyr 
of  mim^fal  crosaiag  Ihe.  south  pii?t  of  iha  Haeed  Green  Xlig^ing»  p 
tb9  ottier  (5^  shifting  U>  the!  east  to  the  west  side  of  Ooon  Bmneh/ 
and  then.cdtntinned  north  through  W.  Gillet'a  diggixtgs  to  the  dig-^ 
gitige  at  Shaw's  HelloW)  wbdre  it  approaches  tha  east  point  of 
LangWofthj's  Di^gingSi  above  notioed^  From  this  point  the  seriea  w 
continued  e^steriy  to  tiheKew  Diggings  (&21)  InthisserieeyatBon- 
oombi  Are  ti^o. imporftan^l  flat  and  pitching  dry^bQue  (ainc)  mines; 
on0  (Coi:e's)  ou  the .  west  aide  of  Ball  Brondh ;  the  other  (GUlet'^ 
on  the  east  side  of  Fever  river,  Of^site  the  northeast  point  of 
tiie  main  body  of  the  series  just  mentioned.  The  bearing  of  tha 
ranges  in  this  mlun  body  is  tnortb  of  east  (E.  8^  !N.;)  that  on< 
Ooon  Br&iiehy  south  c^  ei^st  (Ej  5^  3« ;)  and  this  bearing .  is  oon^ 
tijaited  in  a  few  groups  of  diggings  between  Ooon  Branch  and 
Fever  river  leading  from  the  diggings  at  Shaw's  Hollow  to  the 
New  Diggings,  and  throu^out  the  latter^  which  terminate  tha 
series  on  the  north-east.  The  seriea  is  moat  largely  developed  ia 
themfuobodyoiitbeaouth-westandinlthe  New  Digginga,and 


^rea  snoie  largely  ia  the  latter  tliaa  in  the  formwc.  Setween  tlie 
JKTftV  BvEB'^e*  ^^d  ^^^  ^^^  P<>i^^  ^  aeriea  3,  th«re  is  a  krgfr 
I^KM^  of  East  and  We»ta  (the  Democi»t  DiggiogSi  f «,)  between 
Jbier  rivar  and  the  Shallsburg  brasch,  in  which  the  beoxiag  of 
tiienuagea  ia]L(  10^  S^  and  in  nearly  the  uune  Eaat— West  lia^^ 
£irtber#ait»  is  the  great  Dewd  ftnd  Kaginnie  niQge,  with  aer* 
fpal  aa^ompaajing  East  and  Wert  laogefl,  Ol/i)  Uaitedon  the 
ftmt  I9  a  large  North  and  Sonth  (the  £Uii  xange.) 

1W  £:  &  E.  £iwtioQ  of  ih«  raagea  at  Bealim  IB  agam  mn^^ 
en  the  nocAh  side  of  the  8haHabai|f  fanuichy  eaat  ot  tka  aootk  |«tft 
«f  e«iaa  S,  aa  Eafpieat  and  SpeaceiejH^  XMggvgt.  (lo^  in  Hm 
lawepkedef  thenppermagaaiian.  Thia  K  8.  £.  Bams  (6)  ia  eoo» 
Mnaail  in  die fihoHalmrg  Dry-bone  IMgginga  <6&|)  lathe  aame  bod^ 
and  than  shifting  aoBlh  aen)eatfa0  braneh  to  TonnsodPs  Dlggfaiga 
(itfy)  ia  fSHiiiar  oontinned^  wiftk  UtHe  intemptioBy  ih|)oa|^  tiiii 
Budn  body  id  the  flNrallabarg  Dig^aga  ifid^)  terminated  en  liha 
eaat  by  nameSoEas  Norih  and  8e«tha  traTevied  by  •  fvw  Basfc  mi 
iPeelB.  Thediggii^inlfaeeastpartef  the  eeriee,  aenth  of  tte 
biaoetv  aee  in  tiw  i^pet  and  middle  beds  of  tteapperiaagnesinaw 
!|la{f  oommence^  on  the  weat|in  latgeNorAaod  Sonthsyflt  Itvna- 
a^d'a  Diggings,  which  are  apparently  in  tfieline  of  thelarg^ 
Vorth  and  Soirfha  at  the  i^st  Bkokleg  Bie^age^  as  lAimAf 
BStfeeed.  Then  occoia  an  eatensive  gvoap  of  £ast  and  WeatSi 
crossed  \ij  many  Nortb  and  Soisl;fas,  sotne  off  thecn  «aleiisit^  M^ 
Ifywed  by  the,  d%gings  on  the  south  of  Sh^lkbni^  ^i^lage^  beyond 
^hieh  aro  the  North  aad  Soaths  terminating  the  series.  The  cBg** 
ginga  soQlJi  of  the  yiUage  haTS  been  worked  eztensiTely  by 
daaimng  in  die  middle  (fluit)  bed  of  the  npper  magiieelan)  and- 
have  been  among  the  most  prodnotife  in  the  whole  mineral  di#-< 
trict  North  of  tiie  west  part  of  tbe  diggings  at  Sbnllsbnrg  vil- 
Ihge,  the  Irish  Diggings  <«a)  extend  from  the  Shnllebarg  bransb 
ini  a  series  of  groups  of  Nordx  and  Sonths,  crossed  by  a  Ibw  Eastf 
and  WeslB  towards  the  sonth,  saceessiTely  Shifted  to  ti>e  east  or 
toithe  waet,  and  eontinned  across  the  summit  between  the  wvtesfr 
df Bevsr  rttwr  and  the  Fecatonioa  to  a  groap of  Eastand  WealB  at? 


wkjmkwmn$a^MmimA  cUggiiig» iriiioh  I  luiV«  Ml  :filt tttitttfl; 

Hie  tittt  mriwB  if)kt(  1«bb  impotttots6  frotn  the  ettcfnt  of  tliS 
dfggbigs^  btlfi  is  wMttg^d  eoflformably  (x>  the  pi^miiing  ordfe^.  1 
te»<^#li>eid)^  Aotioed  ite  «6nii0XKNQ  iriOi  theeftst  patt  of  MitfA  !• 
ikt4iiioM'9  IXggifif{«i  (tt;^,)  tiie  fifM  toimrd*  {be  irett,  eons&tflr  6f 
iQ  MCtetitive  KcM^  Hkd  Bc^tli  Mvge  of  gnotlp  of  MmgtA^  MttM^ 
«d Willi ^IkwmmVmH^vsAHf^  iNiiig^.  Kext  fn  fiiri  i&A^ 
tt%tw^^mil  gyotalM  <^]^Mkiiftd  0btitlii  Attbe  ttBoid  of  II  bM^ 
dTflM  W^  ^MrtoiilM^  Ii<mA  oif  (SMttrt^,  tttfthen  tW6  mM  gfoiipi 
ellMtt^yd  Weett<&«BMtod%  and  Bee^d,)  knt^  46wtt  t&e  Wkdt^ 
Sm  Bm  6f  liie  9etM8  ^aiMI  by  Bliftiiq|;tofr,  mA  URot  m  Idbf^  iU^ 
tirnllkee%rfe«i»i>eM^MfinWM(^^  it  gMttj^ 

tfT  StelL«tid  Weettxsresietf  teihit^  Uto  we^  by  s^^titf  HfMi  itttf 

WMt'eve  tloetiy  cotfo^t^by  F<^rl!b  flMd  SottO:  Ikttd  qtUtHer^ 
iMtei,    13i#beiilteg  (tf  the  body  efnrilidrali^ 

^e  next  ^rfes  (S)  commended  o^  the  Weet  in  the  !l^oried-t>eer 
JMggitrgd,  west  of  the  Wedt  Pecatonic4.  Ia  t^^ese  diggingg^ 
diefe  iQre  at  leaet  four  ptotUel  tineg  of  East  and'  West  rangefl^  in- 
^ode^  between  t^Tood^^  branch  on  the  soiith,  tod  !6onner^B  brtoclf 
on  the  north.  In  the  soeth  line  (8^,)  ftlong  VTood'a  brandh,  flie 
A'ggsoga  are  hi  the  bhie  Bneateco  *.  hv'tiie  dtlMr  Bnw  ^  in  the 
wmMb  aad  iawctf  bede  ^{Umixp^eiB  magndaion^llhtf  geft^mlbeaiu 
ilig  la  liieee  diggrngs  ia  ;B«  fi.Sk  Sia^t  ]!>iisgi>ig«  («<s^)  co  ^ 
tfonth  sitfa  of  VTo^'a  biwoii  neer  tf^  W.  Peoatonioa^  aitt  itfow 
iKtaohed,  and  User  iidgnlar  ini  their  bearfhg  {  pr^enling  tmt 
gmbpiBiof  'R.'Sf.lL  ^ttigeB,  one  on  the  novtSiy  the  o&er  im  UmI 
^ib)  cobnedted  bjf  B^  fi.  Ei  regies.  !Rie  s^ee  is  cobtisTded 
B.H.  £.  ftittiM  Dal^'ePrrtrfoDlggia^  (8(2,)  o%  a  (bw  wtaA 
awl  det^dMld.  di^ingb  iniliRTeiiiog,  Kudi;  ai  PUQub'^  on  tfae4BafiV 
aUeiof^tte  W.  BecaUoita/  ojcipoiU^e  BonneFe  byAb(^v  and  Bebtoi, 
otOtltof  Qr0ekv;iiteMdjr«aetof  Smg^  Diggings^  b^tkiiv  the  Ifrnw 
12 


96 

h^  oC  the  iippjbr  ma^ld^do.  :Tk«  cti^^gd  at  DotoV  F^eaiH^tpr^ 
60Qt:tMro  pri&^ejpi^l'lijieb  of  East  and  Weista^  fecediDg.east  tonrarda 
tlie  iiprti}^  Tiorth^aj^t  <>f  \vlucb,  1—3  mil^  distaat,  are  tw^  pjier 
line^  of  East  and  TJ^eats  (White's  .and  Graham'&s)  apparentlj  or^ 
ceding  ea«t  towards  thor  6<;wtli.  Xbe  seri^  is  stlU  farl^eif ^K^ntmoi^ 
i^earjj  east  from^the  latter,  in  the  Y^liowfitQne  DiggingSi  which 
9j(tend  in  a.g^Qeral,  dii»ctiic«  ii^r};  leapiiKto^  w^r^r-S  xiiUq% 
from  theYeUow^Stonetbraooh  iq.tbe',JS«.P(ec4t{«9bim.  ThjiaiiM  lof 
d^gu^  ijnaj  \fe  di^id^d  inip' ^hr^/«lfectippi,$  .^cf  0nih»w%^ 
8d^  aloBg  tb?.  ;K)rth  eid^  of  .^he  tYeUtefr^gtow^  tearing,  m^Hrly* 
east  and  w^at^  a^otlier  e]^di!ngaoi7tb'«a(iteri7,>al0|}g.the  6pt(tir 
west  side  qf  McClintock's  bri)«ic^.j  and  a  .t^ird  ($/s)  faring 
^<^lj  ^a^tand wept fit>uiHcCli/i^ck|s JbiywplikliP.  th^iS.  i^ciAtoiir 
icfi.^  ;Ih^ooarae  of  the.aeri^afarth^  eiwjt.i^  ji»iur^lld  oj^y  byik 
fejwdi^^hed  djjg^ijgg,  fit  first  l^^qg  mopf»  c^t  a^'  iweey^  an4 
^en^noKm.  aoifUi-easterlj  to  ^e.digging^  ^north  .andj.  of^fe  of  iCo»t 
roe.  ^^jtie  Ifije  &;at  ahi^  to  th«  i^orth;  to  the  ]^orjfch[  Grove  Dig^ 
gin^ga,  T^s^of  ^^  ^•^  Fecatonicaj  then  to  the  aaiUh<to  Biggi' 
Diggings,  and  again  to  the,npr;th  to  t^e  Badger,  DiggipgB,  whe&4^ 
tak^a  a  aonth-easter^  direction  hy  the  Aspen  Grove  )f ine(^,) 
Skinner's  Bigginga  and  others  of  less,  note  to  a  point  east  of 
Konroe.  South,  of  this  line  is  a  shorjt  detachs4  series  of  three 
groups,  east  of  Argyle,.  including  H,*  and  J*  3cott's  Di^ogf^ 
bu<^  apparently  in  the  general  line  of  series  7. , . 

.;  The  laat  Beraes  (9)  I  have  only  partblly  traced  atits  oomoieiioe^ 
ment  te  the  8Qtth..w0at  in  the  Mineral  Pofait  Biggings.  Iheae 
prQBent.  a  series  of  Bast  and  West  Tanges,  more  or  less  grouped, 
extending  from  the  West  Pecatonioa  across  the  'ITineral  Point 
tamch  to  Bocky  Branchi  and  fonhing  a  body  of  mineral 
bearing  K^  JS.  Easterly  towards  ihe  diggings  at  and  west  of  Dodge* 
tiUe.  The  general  bearing  ^{  the  ranges  is  £.  8.  E.  <£.  20^  &> 
▲  part  at  least  of  the  ranges  in  these  diggings  are  lead-bearing  on 
tlie  west  and  eopper-bearing  on  the  east ;  the  general  body^ofniiap 
end  being  thnis  divided,  in  the  direction  of  its  bearing,  into  two  pa^ 
inHel  seotiiMiSb  I  haTe  not  yet  traoed  thia  series  farther  nordLthaa 


I 

the  DreadaongM  Min^  already^  notiotd ;  but  fnom  a  bostj  rieWf 
X  have  conaidered  it  as  oontiated  Borlh^eaaterl j  to  tbo  DodgeriUe 
IUggingSy  and  theii|4ii  a  geoai^  eadterlj  dirMtiob,  tlirough  tha 
diggings  at  HesBeisburgi  Plorter'a  Grove  and  BMgewaj^  to  thoae 
at  theBloe  Hoands,  wJ^en  it  appavestly  takes.  aifionAh^eaatarly'dt 
sSQtioB  to  QampbeU^  iD'^gi^gt)  noitix  of  Monticello,  and  this 
Si^ar  IUv#r  Piggidgn  at  JEketen  The  last  fona  a  groap  of  .£aal 
and  W«fit8^ beatiiig £|  64  B.) aadatfirat i^oediag eaattoiwda iba 
aoxith,  thus  forming  a  body  of  mineral  bearing  aontib-oafitorly* 
The  moBt  sonthem  ranges,  howeyer,  appear  to  recede  to  the  w^t; 
the  "wliole  body  thus  forming  a  curve. 

The  preceding  remarks  will  derye  to  sliow  that  there  is  a  degree 
of  orderly  arrangement  in  the  succession  Of  the  diggings,  such  ag 
to  indicate  that  they  are  not  merely  casual  deposits^^but  parts  of  {| 
connected  whole.  I  have,  yet  been  able  to  make  only  agenenl* 
reconnoissance,  except  in  the  few  localities  I  bacj  emnined  befoi^ 
'my  engagement  in  the  present  snryey.  ^Farther  ppportunitK 
would  enable  me  to  develope  my  views  in  detail.  . 


•; 


It  may  be  interestiag  to  notice  the  d^epreat  strata,  ia  *w]iicb  iba 
mineral  has  been  worked  in  the  diggings  etxamfned  by iide..  -As 
the  depth  to  which  mining  has  been  c^urri^d  on  iiaa  been  graeraUy 
limited  by  that  of  the  water  level,  it;  ha^  rarelj  m^ceeded  100  feeti 
and  hae  been  usuaUy  much  less ;  io  many,  instenc^iS)  oalty  80r*4l^ 
feet  Ck)DseqiLentIy  only  a  small  depth  of  rock  has  be^n  penotrar 
ted  in  any  one  instance,  and  it  i^  tbug  necessary  te  judge  of  the 
probable  dawnward  extent  of  the  n^nen^l  by  a  /ooi^parison  of 
different  localities,  where  different  strata  are  bronght  to  or  near 
the  sorface.  This  has  shown  that  all  the  beds,  of  limcistone  hairet 
in  sneh  instances^  been  fomjid  good  mineral-bearing  rod^s,  and  fjial 
the  opeainga  snc^eed  each  other  in  regular  order,  and  are  conaeol' 
ad  by  yertieal  yeins  and  ndneral  creviee^,  passing  fi*om  one  ta  thft 
ether.    When  the  entire  thickness  of  Ibe  upper  xnagn^an  is  sreir 


jbii 


0* 

eoty  tfa«  digglDgt  fl^e  cwtiiltied  toiu  uppet  \fia.  As  the  BMlUi  M* 
tMn^denodedy  tfa^  commeBce  in  the  lower  ptei  of  the  upper  be4 
Mi  ioiteiid  to  die  middle  bed.  When  the  MsHsl  aire  Mfll  mere  db^ 
mdkl,  thej  conmeoM  in  tiie  midcHe  bed  mA  extmd  te  the  lo^» 
etf  Arofl^  thiit  to  the  bine  Kmeetene,  itr  Ib^j  e^en  eonHtience  in 
tbe  lower  bed  end  tetend  Hirongh  &e  biHe  fim^tdne.  R  ii  Mlf 
te#*rflBtiie  noithem  betder  ef  the  dfiHri^ti,  wheire  fte  kNMx'tti^ 
MliiahieetpMidiAitdeej^rtvfiie^tfiae  I  ha^e  dMried  M^f  A^ 
gMgginltetfodc; 

In  tj^ecing  the  diggings  through  the  ditferent  aene8|  it  maj  be 
Btated  generally,  thi^t  in  the  Muddj  and  iTorth  l)iggings  mining 
llet  b^en  carried  on  ontj  in  the  upper  bed  ot  the  npper  mi^eBiap^ 
ft[  die  BeetoWft  Diggings,  in  the  npper  and  middle  bed^  and  ad- 
ihing  seme  f  allejft  and  rarines,  in  the  lower  bed ;  in  the  ill^otoflt 
Igfgi^sfij  in  the  dame;  in  the  l^rnabhill,  ^^ig  and  Hatteyitta 
iJUgghi^,  in  the  upper  and  middle  beds,  chie^y  in  tbe  latter ;  in 
die  :hi1icl,  J^onth-ifcast  Platteville  and  Korth  fllkgrove  iHg^gs, 
in  the  npper  and  middle  beds,  chiefty  in  the  former ;  in  the  Soatli 
ElkgroTe  and  Strawberry  Diggings,  in  the  middle  bed;  in  the 
Menominee,  Fairplay  and  Haze!  Green  Diggings,  also  in  the  Du- 
bnqne.  Upper  Galena  and  Vinegar  Hill  Diggings,  in  the  npper 
bM  ;  ih  tfie  Benton  iind  IRirw  t>i^^ng8',  in  ^  npper  i^d  Mddle 
bMs,  ebtelty  In  tlie  ketter  in  1^  wide  4iitt  openings ;  hi  ih«)  tonCh^ 
€ikt  piut  of  series  8,  from  Baniard's  Boost  io  the  BhnlKbA^ 
Vmndh,  lA  tftie  tower  bed  and  the  Mne  limeefeoAe,  ehiefly  ft  Ae 
fi^Hr ;  in  Esrmeist  andSpenceley's  and  the  Shnllsbnrg  D^-bone 
^g^^^i  in  the  lower  bed;  in  the  telst  of  the  Shnfhbn^g  Dlg^ 
^kfg«r,ge&etttllyinthenpperbed,  bntfn  those  where  A^pA  h$A 
been  gained  by  dfltlning,  as  in  those  it  the  v!llege  and  at1?own'- 
ftedd's,  alfere  in  the  middle  bed,  at  the  former  In  the  wide  flint 
0p«llng8 ;  in  the  Blackleg  Diggings,  chiefly  iii  the  npper  bed,  bnt 
in  ihe  deep  shaK*  on  the  large  North  and  Souths,  else  hi  the  mid- 
dle bed;  iA  ttie  Wiota  DiggiBge,  in  the  up^r  and  middle  beds; 
&  th^  Sont^^  Fofked  Deer  Diggings,  in  iht  blue  lirdestone ;  it  tbe 
Sfenh  Feriesd  Deer  itid  King's  Diggings^  Chiefly  in  tiie  Ie'#ef 


9» 

ijie  piid41a  «n^  lowei:  beds,  of  thi^  lpp^r  jmgaamn,  m4  iq  Oi^ 

Vla^  luo^Qto^e  (in  t)u9  Yippf  r  aqd  nu44(6  b«^.)    Ike  Um  Hmfti 

^9^  if  th«ffi  r^cM  9plj  in  tbOMt  <V|»w«p  vii«M  tte  iMki  mj. 

9)(pAt  4QpA^4«dt  n^^)  towwl?  t^  foutb^weat,  and.  moitriig  the 

i^^f  w4  l^^U)^ ;  in  t|^  iRRn»  i^ffihein  diggiiip  (at  the  Dnoadf 

i^^ijigj^  IKiAfhi)  nnqiw^  <^^J  laopftn^d  to  the  audill^ bad  af  tha 

^ef  n^gmiim,    4<(  IMge^il^  eflv^qiltg  th^  Tittage,  Aa  di^i 

g]li|gff  ^^  ^  t)i6  ofSH^  and  widdle  bada  of  tba  upfiar  magAephnu} 

^Dul^^'a  Vv^in% i^  H^  bm^;  a*  Aa  YaUow^tona  Digi^ngs  ^ 

if^  twio  lawoi?  bfi^  ef  th^.iiiKpar  siagffMiaii,  and  in  tfaa  blM  Mi»e. 

41(191^  fbi«#j  iQ  ita  iWS^i'  bed }  #»  J.  Scott's  XHggi^gB,  aaat  of  Am 

gyi^,  Ui  tlw  law»r  peife  of  tb^  B^per  magtieafta^  and  at  B.  BdoM^ 

in  iba^ Wii^luDa^opiA ;  ie  tho  oAeir  ijggjiagfiti  Oraea  0o.»ohaii!r 

ii|.  t|^jpj4dl^  wd  lower  be^B  <^  tbf^  UppaK  magMaiaii,  and  m  • 

fvp  ^^^f%By  aa  at  tbe  Afi^^  Q^ve  Mitai  in  the  bfaaB^lkpieatoiiei. 

It  maj  be.  jmi  eddedi  that  in  Urn  HeatiKK>ek  la^ge.  (Lipdai])  ^ 

mineral  has  been  chiefly  worked  in  the  middle  and  lower  beds  of 

the  upper  magnesian»  but  has  been  recentiij  followed  into  the 

wper  bed  of  the  blue  Ijxnestone. 


Q^PS»  iaraa  (the  aalphnrataad  eirbonata)  hwfebean  ftvad  IW 
large  quantity  in  the  mineral  diatriet  (sontii  of*  the  Wlaoonsiti)  on*^ 
I7  ^t  Jdipw^J  Poi^t  Qpwtt^r  q^anfatfefl  haw  bom  fomd  In 
other  lo^i^tie^  jmtti^nlf^f  atjl^qat  QiptOi  WM^iot  Kinatal  If^int^' 
and  4r-6  mfli^  south  of  Wiqtf4  but  tbe^  I  ba^e  M  jrat  Waited. 
Ibaye  i^rea^y  notice4  the  Qcol^'renpt  of  awaU  g w^tttiaa  of  oo^. 
per  ore  in^tbe  opami^gs  in  the  xf^\0  ^d  lower  beds  of  4he  up* 
per  nu^^ian,  paiticulariy  ip  the  middle  b]^  at  Shtdlsbuj^^  a«d> 
in  the  lower  bed  on  Fever  river,  at  Koaeomb  and  noHb  of  Bjaw 
I>i^;g{isg8.  Traces  of  copper  are  said  to  have  been  found  aft  the 
Wolf  Di^ngs.  (leert  of  Japw»fown,)  in.  tbe  upper  bed. 

Thi;  copper  ocea  at  Mimeial  Peint  occur  distinct  from  the  lead 
ore»  1A  Wlgea  eppanbutiy  in  the  satae  East-^West  line  with  eor* 


reeponding'  leid  rangiM; '  the  same  ran^  being  lead^bearing  on  the 
wefit,  an^  cop|>er-beai4t)g  cm  the  eaet;  the  lead  and  copper  ores 
being  at  the  «ime  time  more  or  less  intermixed  at  the  poiiit  of 
jnaotioB.  TheM  are  thw  presented  two  bodies  of  ininend,  lead 
eo  the  irest  and  eopper  on  tiie  east,  bearing  N.  K.  EasterVjr  across 
ibebearing'of  tbe  ranges.  The  width  of  the  bodj  of  copper  ore 
ia  appamrtly  1-^8  miles.  Both  the  ritreons  and  jellow  salphnrets 
arefoutidin  the  rubbish,  more  or  less  accompanied  with  iron  py- 
xitas;  but  as  11O9I0  of  the  ranges  are  «ow  worked,  th^r  relative 
pro|Mirticni  cannot  be  determined*  Hk^  earth  from  the  openings 
Imm  iii  deeper  sed  tint  than  that  from  the  lead  openings,  where  such 
atbit  wbold  be  cqnsidered  unfavorable.  The  arrangement  of  the 
body  «f  eopp^  ore,  in  this  instance,  across  the  bearing  of  the 
raBgsB  is  very  reiharkaW^,  bnt  eorresponds  with  the  general  trans- 
vecse  bmngeraentof  the  bodies  of  lead  ore,  already  indicated. 
I3ie  oopp^  baa  bcien  worked  here  chiefly  in  the  lower  bed  of  the 
I|xpeir.nlagii98i«n9  boloconrs  also  in  the  blue  limestone. 


I  have  already  observed  that  the  original  ores,  in  the  veins  and 
openings  in  the  mineral  district,  are  apparently  the  sulphnrets, 
namely,  of  lead,  copper,  zinc  and  iron.  These  ores  are  more  or 
lass  aabject  (ocdaoQfllpoBMkion,  and  toxeeompoaition  iatoother  ores; 
tbose.pf  lead  leasly  6£  ihm  most  so. 

•The  unliyhtiret  of  lead  is  chiefly  recothposed  into  the  carbonate,' 
the  ratphate:  being  rarely  observed.  He  carbonate  sometimes  ^ 
fbrmis  merely  an  earthy  incmstation  on  tlie  surfkee  of  the  sulphu- 
rctpbnt  in  other  initatarees,  the  sulphuret  is  converted  to  a  great- 
er.or  less  thickness,  sbmetimds  thronghout  its  entire  mass,  into  the 
cavbonate^  etill  retaining  its  form  nnchanged.  Sometimes  the 
earthy  ooatbetomeis  detached  and  loose,  and  is'  then  called  min- 
eral aahtea.  In  a 'few  instance?,  the  masstve  carbonate,  still  re- 
taining the  form  of  the  snlphnret;  has  been  found  in  large  qaanti- 
tfj^  forming  bancbes  in  the  opentage  or  veins ;  in  one  instance^  it 
id  m^  4t,  ]?<Mt06i»  to  the  mooaiil  of  more  tli^ati  TOGO  lbs;  Ot^tala  of 


4be  oftHxmate  Are  ocoaaioiidlly  Iband/ adbevliig  to  the  'MffMi  tf 
tbe  Bttlpliofety  or  oomipTiagMriii^i&it,  genetvHyin  email  qaan- 
tj,  bnt  in  some  openings  more  abundant.  The  latge«t  ^^aalllleti 
I  have  jet  noticed,  were  ux  the  Ai^nGrro^e  llioe>:  in  .the  Une 
limestone.  The  formatipn  of  the  earthy  carbonate  oA  tbe  HarfatD  o| 
\he  sulphnret  is  apparently  goiogon  at  preaenty  partiealarlj  0n  the 
pntakirts  of  tiie  reins.  The  CQayersion  of  .the  irboje  or  the  greMetf 
part  of  the  salphar^t.to.azQassivooarbo^Ato,  aoidtbe;fpi:mAttoa  of 
crystals  of  the  carbonate,  aweac  to  be  rather  (he  reunite  of  fonMr 
agencies  than  of  those  at  jresen  t  operative.  The  CftrbQftate  ie  oaUecl 
yrbite  mineral  by  the  miners,  imd  is  more  easily  r^aeed  tbaa  tb# 
anlpbnrety  though  yielding  a  less  pf  rc^tfige.of  }ead|  bat  hsa  Dcd 
yet  been  found  in  sufficipnt  q;a%iitUy  to  be  <rf  iQiifb  JmporMMa*.  •'* 
The  sulphnret  of  copper-is  recoxppo^d  wto  the  snlpb^be  aad 
the  carboaate*  The  formef  is  top  aoiluble  ^an^  too  .acA^^  jto  diH 
composition  to  be  permanent }  the  ^tter.neneraliiy  acfK^mpatMr 
the  sulphnret  as  a  coating*  and  sifmetimea  in  prystEils,  bnt  nofc  m 
enfficiep t  quantity  to  be  iiuport^i;^  ^otb .  tbp  \k\M,  a^id.  greeia  car* 
bonate  occur<^  but  tbei  Ifitter  jis  roof t;  cominon*  .    .    f 

Theaulphflretof  micis  vacenpose^  ^to  tbesutpliate^  the  dar^ 
b^oate  aad  the  aUicatcr ;  .ba£  tke  former,  like  that  of  co^per^^istiot 
penttaoept.  The  oarbbpate  andlbeeilioatft  spre  perm^ent,  andsire^ 
<|aBed  dijAnme  by  the  jnineorsv  .They  reeemble  aadi  other,  buir 
^e  earboBate  is  moBkoomnMn  and  the  mMtiixlpottant.  >  They  na^ 
aal^ctplaca'tim salfibttBOt^bl^  urithcnlt  maQh"- change  of 
4Masi»  the.gODCBal  ansnsgaibaatof  ^e^vein  ox'  iheet  being  Mtained, 
b«t  tlttndry?boxie  being  hssuaUy  less  coiopaet^  aid)  eomoUtiiU'kippa^ 
^otly  «AaIaotitia'  In  sueh  cases^  ^howeiror^  it  rcftaitta  repy  Mariy 
the  origlnali  feral  oi  the  snlphni«t^  v^ch  exUbita  to6  IfeA  nattte 
botryoidal  alrangeniot^..  Kbt  onfrdqiMillf  .An  interior^ of  the 
dty4>oiiB  is  foand'Cbciipied  by  tiie  woipkavM  atMbatiged/  Thea^ 
^ecompoBed  <«e8  oi.tArxc  are  teo^ezabioidakltii  aotrie  roages  aftd 
openings  thaaift  oth^ra.  TlMiB«Ipha3tot  oif  <zibo  haaapiieared  mota 
subject  to  decomposition  in  the  lower  openings  than  in  the  upper ; 
and  in  the  lower  openings,  it  will  be  {onn^  liffio  cl^apfiad  in  aqip} 


IgDgfl^  mi  9MM^  WtOf^K^ioto  di74MBMriii  another  luA  Aa*  dbi^ 

1Eh^«iilpknrel  ef  iiron  id  reeemposed  info  tbe  snlphate  lind  th^ 
lijcbato^l  oxjit.  The  salpbttte  fe  frequently  fennd  in  the  openingik^ 
bat  ttke.thofle  of  eino  and  eopper,  is  not  permanent,  and  it  resalt^ 
fa  tfie  fonnaftiOQ  of  the  oiyd.  The  ox  jd  ocears  chiefly  in  the  Ibrm 
ef  Mhie  and  tke^browii  hematite.  The  fbrmer  is  generally  tod 
wmA  mixed  with  earth  to  be  of  mad),  importance.  It  ^res  thd 
pefMliar  etaili  to  the^  earthy  materials  andlihe  rock  of  the  openings. 
This  vaiiee  from  yeBow  to  red  brown,  and  the  distinction  of  the 
tints  is  regarded  as  of  praetieal  importance.  A  red  brown  tint  i^ 
coasMsMd  by  the  miners  very  nnjRiTorable  fbr  the  occnrrence  of 
siteentl^  and  the  groond  h  titen  said  to  be  bamt*  An  orange  tint 
if  eonsid^^r^mostfirrorable  for  lead,  and  a  redder  tint  fbr  copper. 
Ike^  brown  hematite,  oalfM  irod^mst  by  the  miners,  is  a  rery  eom-^ 
m/ou  atooompaaiment  of  reins  and  openings.  It  occurs  in  very 
rittkKk%  forms^  from  thki  sheets  and  porons  slaggy  masses  to  baSfl 
arranged  in  concentric  coats  witli  a  radiated  fibrous  structure  and 
bfitiS74)M9&  «fttfti«»ifQ8ew  very  esadily  ihe  hematit»  ^tm  of 
9#U«^W)r (p^nm^); sadoC lotfaer ore be^ in . Hie um^ raagsk  Ibsfi 
i^m:fQX9wA  l^riraopiniiosUdon  Awkiibe  enl^Mt,  withouta^y  e^ 
fj^Ut^obikiigt^ Qi  fortniisTeior ievideaiia.aU the  dEggifigs<  whiere  I 
h«r%;9SClpumd  it;  thenlphnrel  presaartnyaJH  its  difl>MiepHbrmg|i 
%9d.Qvc^'degiieo  of  imQlili0abeing^obseKifttble<fh^m)1iheaneiuu«C^ 
i^ilpburtt  t(^  tb0  ODHMpIflte' change  to  Ifackeaurtate ;  in  some  inataiiM 
0(11^  cp]y  a;filiA  ofl  the  Jw^poalite  ooatiagl^^^  sulphwet;,  amdll  tbsf 
Q^iwe^  ii^  o&erA  ooptikined  graduafiy.to  the  centre  of  t^  Ddttsi,^ 
mmtmM  by  iUMmsive  oQMa,.aometitnes:niore  by  linee  ftom  Ht^ 
mthc»tQ^  theoentiie,  soomi  of  tlie  i-adiated:  fibres  being  ftiundl 
(^MDged^  asd  othem  intonbiasad  with  them  nnahe^d.  Sulj^rn^  ii^ 
oeMsionjsUji  set  fne  by^  tbe»  decompoiitioa  of  the  sulpharet  of  irofy,- 
and  is fowdcaUaotedinipoeketBitttlia resisting  nuws*    Iti  soma/ 


'  *  Thit  mwlj  arisflfl  from  tl^e  abandaooe  of  the  hjdrated  oiyd  of  iron,.n6altuDg  fron 
tbl-«lbooDipo(Maiisf  ifon  pyritfa 


.9T 

iitttwcts,  odMraras  spar  ^ooajH^t  wrttict  itt  tbtralfbtrntof  irM, 
iKDd.ontiiedecDmpositiMi^flibelffltarha&bMB  foand  oonToitaA 
mto  Um  BQlpfairi»  *(^  lisiek  Hie  liematite  ii  apmetimes  Ib«it4 
•I^)iHreiidj  M  perfeotiy  ibniMd  M  in  iiM  Salit^  ore  beds,  aiiA 
in  snob  cases  ^veold  probably  yield  a  soperior  quality  of  iroB. 
Oare  shoold  be  taken  ia  telectiog  sack  only  ae  has  been  complete- 
Ij  reoompoeedyaa  the  preeence  of  sulphur  would  injure  the  pro- 
duet  In  some  ef  the  diggiogs^  particularly  in  the  openings  in 
tiie  lower  bed  of  the  ut>per  magnesian  adjoining  Fever  river,  im 
Benton  and  Kew  Diggings,  large  quantities  of  this  ore  might  .be 
obtained,  sufficient  perhaps  to  feed  a  furnace,  and  even  Uie  ochry 
cartb  of  the  openings  might  in  some  cases  be  rich  enough  in  iroft 
to  be  reduced  to  advantage* 

The  earthy  black  oxyd  of  manganese  (black  ochre  of  the 
miners)  is  often  abundant  in  the  crevices  and  openings,  and  is  con- 
sidered a  good  indication  of  the  presence  of  mineral.  It  is  usual- 
ly found  accompanying  or  imbedding  the  mineral  in  the  form  of  a 
matrix,  but  is  sometimes  found  filling  cavities  or  geodes  in  its  in- 
terior. Hose  facts  seem  to  indicate  it  of  contemporary  formation 
with  the  mineral,  and  analogy  would  lead  to  the  condnsion  that 
its  original  fi>rm  was  the  sulphurety^nd  that  its  present  form  has 
resulted  ifrom  the  decomposition  of  the  latter.  The  sulphuret  of 
maf^nese  i^said  to  have  been  found  in  the  lead  mine's  of  Mi»- 
stmri,  but  I  know  oP  no  instance  in  which  it  has  been  fowid  in  the 
mineral  district. 


The  ores  of  zinc,  although  very  abundant  in  many  instances, 
jisrtiiiuIaTljr  in  th&iiilt  bud  pitcbing  fibsets,  and  ii^  tl^e  losrer  open- 
]ag%.ba(VQ  never  yet  beoB  tomed  to  any  aeooifnt/  There  «an  be 
A»!d0iibttbat  ihegrmast  befaopeaftev  sourocB^of  profit,  when  wb 
*oan«dBrtlJbB\lai^ jBod  Jnati^flHlng'demaini  for  fliic,:botb  in  itSiixie- 
irilio  foonn  (she^t  sino))and  as  an  exyd  (sue  paint)  The  zihc  oMS 
ftiiitdidiheMBlM^distriet.may  ailbe  wed  to  advantage*  The 
^4mDbj(eatte>hate«hd8i)ibate>  k  moat  easily  redboed,  and  can 
18 


Oft 

ifagtto  attmot  attMttan,  but  'fte  Maek-^aek  <«{iltdiafiet)  continH 
jOmt  grestest  forc^itioB  of  eixi^  and  mw^  sooa  be-  oo&stdtr^d  ^qmlr 
Kf  «Y«iUible.  •  The  propoitk)li0of  xihe  «i  theihiHireorM  vb:  in  t^ 
«Krboilftte.51.6yJn  tii^6iKoato  53.12^  and  in  dud  eulf^aret  iM.1^2; 
^at  of  lead  iti  Ae  m\phvivtt  <of  kad  (galeiia)  is  86.6S.  The  acl^ 
nal  prodnet  o^f  lead  Afom  the  tn^htmet  ia  qofialdeT«!bly  less ;  ftom 
ai^eta^e  apecimeDSof  the  ore,  about  70«  It  would  ntvt  be  unrea- 
aonabte  to  consider  ilie  ikxc  ores  aa  oontatofiiig  no  greatev  propor- 
tion of  impnritiea  tban  the  lead  ere,  and  thus  the  relatire  prodaot 
of  the  pure  ores  may  be  pt<(^erly  taken  foor  ^mparisoiL  Uie 
price  of  sine  is  now  ntther  greater  than  that  of  lead,  in  tlie  pro- 
portion of  about  6  to  7.  As  soon  as  an  easy  connerion  is  fonbed 
between  ;the  deposite  of  the  zinc  ores  in  the  mineral  distriet  and 
ihe  coal  beds  in  Illinoia  by  means  of  railroads,  it  may  be  reasona- 
My  e^q>ec(ted  that  these  ores  will  beoome  objects  of  importance. 
The  Galena  branch  of  the  Illinois  Oentral  Bailroad^  with  the 
^ullsbnrgand  Mineral  Point  branches,  would  open  sn  immediate 
annexion  between  the  c^al- mines  near  La  Salle  and  two  of  tiie 
ilcM^allties  most  abundant  in  zine  ores  (that  between  Becyton  a&d 
^mUsburgi  and  that  at  ittinieral  Point)  Either  the  fuel  toiglit 
j^  taken  to  the  ore,  or  the  ore  to  the  fuel,  as  should  be  fontnd  ^w>st 
l^vaatagQ^os.  Other  routes  of  coummniofttion  would  soon  be 
^opened,  and  thus,  with  Am«iean  akUl  and  enterprise,  a  new 
mining  interest  would  be  created,  which  would  compare  lavors^Iy 
with  the  present. 


The  laaicKag  rokject  of  Uiia  detail  w3^eh  I  have  givsem^  of  ithe  lan- 
^lineimeiit  of  the  dEninaral  in  Ae  everYiceB  sad  optaings  in  its  ^U^ 
inbuAon  tfarongli4]k»  diiffaraiit.atnrtalix>malioira  downwaids,  «ni 
4ii  .the  sorfiioe  aniaiigemeiit  of  flia  imgea  lagDovpa  find  warn  •»- 
jMided  coi&bini^tlonay  kaa  beea  to  ahdw  thataiqrata^naliia  oUUr 
^Nreyaib  tkyroughonty  aoid  IhUt  &^  jmmnl  dej^ta  are  nofe  idatack- 
•ad  and  icasmli  but  oambitted  im  v^gnlar  aariasi    I  laigliit  baxb  fph- 


99 

tered  into  mucli  more  minnte  detail,  bnt  tu  I  have  inteftided  thitt 
report  iiicFre  ae  a  stateradnt  <rf  certain  general  facts  wWeh  I  coti- 
ceired  were  of  immedtatB  importance  to  the  triining  interest  and* 
as  an  ontlme  of  tie  mode  of  inrestigation  I  have  designed  to  ptar- 
gue  than  as  the  result  of  a  survey,  I  submit  it,  such  as  it  is,  ^ith 
thfe  hope  that  its  deficlencFes  will  be  excused  ix  cortsideration  of 
the  very  brief  time  in  which  1  have  been  engaged. 

The  general  result,  in  relation  to  the  vertical  arraignment,  is  that 
aeries  of  openings  containing  deposits  of  mineral  are  found  at 
certain  levels  in  all  the  limestone  strata  from  the  upper  part  of  the 
upper  magnesia  at  least  to  the  middle  part  of  the  lower  magne- 
fiian^  varying  in  character  in  the  different  strata  or  beds,  but  strik- 
ingly analogous  in  the  same  stratum  or  bed  throughout  the  whole 
extent  of  the  ifiineral  district,  and  that  these  are  combined  with 
vortical  crevices  and  veins  or  sheets,  traceable,  where  opportunity 
is  offered,  frop  one  opening  to  another,  or  through  different  strata 
when  not  immediately  connected  with  the  openings ;  that  the  cre- 
vices and  openings  are  distinguished  from  th^  adjoining  rock  by 
peculiar  characters  and  the  presence  of  substances  not  found  be- 
yond their  limits ;  that  they  are  bqunded  by  regular  limits,  usually 
marked  by  vertical  lines,  like  the  walls  of  veins^  as  well  in  the 
widest  flat  openings  as  in  the  narrower  vertical  crevices ;  and  that 
the  mineral  is  arranged  in  these  crevices  and  openings  in  a  pecu- 
liar vein  order,  more  or  less  evident,  but  always  in  some  degree 
distinguishable.  The  mineral  is  sometimes  arranged  in  more  con- 
tinuous and  uniform  sheets;  sometimes  in  more  detached  deposits 
or  bunches,  connected  however  by  mineral  seams.  These  may  be 
oonsidesed  aa  the  extremes,  between  which  there  is  a  graduated 
transition,  and  a  more  or  less  intimate  connexion.  In  the  upper 
part  of  the  series,  there  is  a  greater  tendency  to  a  vertical  arrange- 
ment ;  in  the  middle  and^lower  parts,  to  a  horizontal  arrangement, 
and  tibia  increases  as  we  descend,  at  leaitt  to  the  baa^  of  the  hhie 
limeetone.  Hie  srt^ngemtnt  in  the  lower  magnesian  appearUt  to 
conunenee  as  in  tSie  upper,  but  t)ie  oppot(utiities  for  examination 
are  fliere  tooTfew  to  detide  satfefkctorily,  bnt  auUScient  to  kHow  Hurt 


100 

th^  mineral  is  there  arranged  comformably  to  the  arrangement  in 
the  strata  aboye.  The  probabilities  are  thos  stronglj  in  faror  of 
a  continued  descent  of  the  mineral  to  a  lower  depth  in  the  strata 
than  is  yet  ascertaiDed.  The  appearances  seem  no  less  to  indicate 
the  origin  of  the  mineral  and  the  accompanyiog  ores  from  beneath, 
probably  Irom  the  primary  rocks  underlying  the  lowest  secondary; 
and  that  they  rose  in  such  a  condition  that  they  were  diffused  through 
a  aertain  definite  extent  of  the  materials  of  the  rocks,  and  then 
segregated  in  their  present  form,  and  this  along  certain  lines 
which  have  determined  their  arrangement  It  would  be  prema- 
ture to  offer  a  theory  until  a  more  complete  exploration  had  been 
made,  and  all  the  important  facts  which  such  an  exploration  might 
offer  were  collected  and  arranged.  But  even  now  I  have  a  strong 
impression  that  the  mineral  has  been  derived  from^  beneath,  and 
that  the  prospects  of  deep  and  continued  mining  are  here  as  favor- 
able as  in  other  more  established  miuiug  districts.  The  depth  to 
which  I  have  traced  the  mineral  in  its  regular  descent  through  the 
strata,  assuming  their  estimated  thickness,  and  including  the  Up- 
per Sandstone,  is  430  feet :  Upper  Magnesian  240,  Blue  Limestone 
60,  Upper  Sandstone  60,  Lower  Magnesian  70  feet ;  not  including' 
the  Upper  Sandstone,  in  which  no  mineral  has  yet  been  certainly 
traced,  370  feet.  Including  the  whole  thickness  of  the  Lower 
Magnesian,  rating  it  at  220  feet,  the  entire  depth  would  be  580 
feet.  The  order  of  succession  in  the  strata,  at  a  lower  depth,  is 
probably  not  yet  sufficiently  settled  to  determine  what  farther  may 
be  expected.  I  have  already  enumerated  (p.  68-9)  the  series  of  open- 
ings which  may  be  expected  in  penetrating  to  the  base  of  the  low- 
er magnesian.  These,  not  reckoning  their  subdivisions,  may  be 
stated  at  ten  or  eleven.  The  known  productiveness  of  single  open- 
ings, in  many  instances,  will  sufficiently  indicate  the  prospects 
which  such  a  series  would  offer  to  the  miner. 

.  The  trao^  of  order  and  connexion  in  the  surface  arrangement 
appear  no  less  remarkable  than  in  the  vertical  arrangsment.  What 
I  have  here  given  is  oiily  a  small  part  of  what  mi^ht  have  been 
stated;  but  I  trust  it  will  suffice  to  show  that  the  raiages,  in  their 


f 


101 

bearing,  and  in  tiieir  grouping  from  the  smallest  to  the  most  ex* 
tended  combinations,  ha^e  been  governed  bj  some  general  laws, 
and  have  not  been  merely  local  accidents.  I  might  have  stated 
many  fiusts  which  seem  to  show  a  regnlaritj  in  die  distance  be- 
tween difEerent  ranges  in  the  same  gronp ;  but  such  a  statement 
would  require  a  degree  of  detail  incompatible  with  mj  present 
object  Such  a  regnlaritj  is  not  onlj  probable  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  each  group,  but  in  the  combination  of  groups  into  larger 
bodies  and  more  extended  series.  To  determine  this  satisfactorllj 
would  require  an  exact  topographical  survej  of  the  mines,  whidi 
may  hereafter  become  an  object  well  worthy  of  public  attention. 
The  diggings,  as  thej  now  exist,  seem  toehow  a  limited  extent  of 
mineral  bearing  lands,  only  a  small  part  of  the  surface  having 
been  yet  broken  in  search  for  mineral.  That  Ihe  present  diggings 
represent  nearly  the  surface  extent  of  the  ranges  yet  struck  ap- 
pears not  improbable,  particularly  when  we  consider  the  position 
of  the  ranges  crossing  the  leading  ranges,  and  apparently  limiting 
their  extent  But  although  the  different  groups  yet  worked  may 
hare  this  limited  surfSftce  extent,  it  does  not  follow  that  all  the' 
ranges  have  been  yet  discovered.  Perhaps  diggings  as  extensive 
as  those  yet  worked  remain  still  undetected  in  the  wide  intervals 
between  the  latter,  and  the  indications  of  such  stated  in  this  re- 
port (p.  80,  83)  may  be  only  a  very  small  part  of  what  yet  remain  to 
be  discovered.  The  order  which  I  have  attempted  to  trace  in  the 
different  series  of  diggings  may  serve  as  a  guide  in  directing  far- 
ther search,  and  may  lead  to  such  results  as  will  give  to  prospect- 
ing some  degree  of  certainty.  Experienced  miners  have  been 
already  influenced  by  such  considerations,  and  in  many  instances 
hare  found  them  reliable.  The  study  of  the  surface  arrangement 
may  thus  become  an  important  aid  to  discovery. 


.  ft 


r^ 


18M. 


-^9- 


f 


ANNUAL  BEPOBT 


OF  TBB 


ADJUTANT-GENERAL 


or 


WISCONSIN   MILITIA, 


FOB  THE  TEAB  18M. 


1CADI80N: 
USUa.  BBOWK,  pkhtie. 


T::'-':    :•  .  .  *J/./iA 


T:    .    7' 


.1 /!!;{/•  Ml'-"'//!  J  i.a/v 


•i    H> 


It.  '  \>  i 


BEPOBT. 


]  .  AniiTTAirp  OiMBJi's  Orrtos,        ) 
Wateetown,  Wis,,  Dec.  8(s  18fi4.  J     - 

To  SisJSaeeUmiojf  Wm.  A.  ManUw^  Ow.  dk  Oommander^in  Chief: 

SiK:-*-Iliit  being  the  time  dxed  by  law  at  which  the  annual  re- 
port of  this  department  is  to  be  laid  before  you,  I  have  the  honor 
to  state  1q  a  detailed  but  eoncne  manner  bow  the  duties  of  this 
office  hare  been  admiiUsterad  durii^  t&is  pt^sent  year,  and  hope 
that  it  will  be  aatiafrftvy  to  yoir  Bxoelleoby. 

During;  the  month  of  June  ther^  has  been  tamed  over  to  this 
State  by  Sanders  Lansing,  jr.,  Military  Storekeeper  of  the  United 
States  Army,  on  theon}er  of  your  Ezcelleaey,  ordnadoe  asd  old* 
nance  stores  as  in  Abstract  ^**  A,"  apd  camp  eqnipi^^e,  Ac.^  as*  in 
abstract  *^  ]^,''  which  I  procured  from  the  Messrs.  Hitehoock^db  Oo^ 
of  the  city  of  Kew  York,,  payable  OQjt  of  the  qi^ota  «C  ama  d«e 
the  State  in  1866,  from  the  Qenerij  Qovemmen^ 

I  woiiid  mostrespectftilly  recumnrend  that  some  attention  .should 
be  immediately  given  to  a  more  general  and  thorough  orgf^iiiza* 
tion  ot  the  militia  thronghout  the  State  than  is  or  can  be  effected 
under  the preaeDt|taw — ^is  manifestly  evident,  and  which  should  be 
amended,  aatl  ottr  citixen  soldiers  encouraged  bj  judicious  legisla- 
tion. 

It  is  ]well  kiioms  to*  the  06mmandet- in-Chief  that  tjie  militia  . 
laws  of  <his  SMCe  do  hot  Vequite  iany  but  volunteer  troops  to  bear 
arma,  ov  pMbrm  any  active  duty  in  the  time  of  peace ;  and  how« 


ever  usefnl  or  important  they  may  be,  as  the  only  dependenee  of 
our  ciyil  authorities  in  the  maintenance  of  law  and  order,  they 
can^claim  no  rights  or  privileges  except  snch  as  may  be  granted 
them  by  legislative  enactmentp,  ,  ^  "^ '.   '  I 

Their  name  justifies  the  fact;Hh^  We  Volttntders  in  the  strictest 
application  of  the  term  ;  and  the  ofiicers  and  members  of  the  vo- 
lunteer corps,  who  have  at  all  times  responded  promptly  to  the 
wants  of  the  community,  disregarding  the  diflSculties,  perplex- 
ities and  expense  of  effecting  available  organizations,  and  who 
holds  themselves  at  all  times  ready  to  aid  in  enforcing  the  majesty 
of  the  civil  law,  at  every  personal  hazard,  risk  or  expense,  which 
should  at  leBj^  entitle  U^wt  to  unlimited  credit  and  respect. 

Would  it  not  be  a  wise  aiid  judicious  policy  to  foster  and  en- 
courage thi^  main  arm  of  ovf.d^peadailee  by  making  more  ample 
provisions  for  securing  the  highest  possibl?  de^sieof  militaiyaci-i 
ence  and  discipline  throughout  their  ranks? 

I  avail  JiAys^lf  of  this  opportunity. of  expressing  what  Ilb^lievel 
to  be  the, conviction  of  every  officer- corineoted  with  this branchof 
the  public  service,  that  proviakms  sUovM  be*mit<l94br  anntiul' en- 
campments,.inspecttpna  and  reiviews -lof  the  volunteer  milit'ia-  of 
the  State.  ......  /  •       •      ' 

It  cannot  (be  doQbted  that  encampments  furnish  the  best  oppor- 
tunity for^every  spedes  of  drill,  iftiilitary  investigation  and  discus- 
sion, th^  cbdiparison  of  companies,  officers  stud  me'n^  incites  emu- 
lation, tad  BMtBt  result  in  general  imprbvemefat.         .    V  ■ 

The  members  of  our  voTuhtoer  corps  would  be  greatly  fipgment-. 
ed  and  improved,  which  would  command  for  them  the  conpiinen^a* 
tion  of  the  highest  military  award. 

The  uniform  volunteer  companies  of  our  State  are  reigsrded  not 
OBly  as  the  pride  of  our  citizens,  but  as  an  ornament  tOiOur.SteU; 
1h^  are  commanded  by  men  of  distingaished  military  ability, 
aad  many  ..of  them,  in  point,  of  military  skill, {and  pypfifBieooyi^  ^ 
would  not  suffer  by  a  comparison  with, any  of  th^  volnn^sr  to*-* 
p  anies  in  the  ITnion.    I  migJl^Lt  ^y  much  to  the  credit  of  inditidiial 


[  .o0Tnp»nliis;lwtldfett  it  aAWeablcf,  iff  tbis  comtnatticatibii,  to  speak 

'•1'  WouM  triort  resp'^dlfhtfy  suggest  that  yoa  woulxl  recommend 
Hie  new  mflMfA  law  as'  a^dpted  hj  the  ^tate  of  Kew  York^]  and 
'  wbieh  has  bidexi  recotiimended  bj  the  military  commission,  held 
at  If iiwtftikee,  on  the  5th' init,  subject  to  jour' approyal|  and 
which  I  feel'happy  in  stating  to  your  excellency,  qxeetsXl^e  wishes 
of  all-iJhe  ihembers  of  t^e  militia  of  the  State. 

As  in  i)ixe  absence  of  any  remuoeratiQa  ^ro.j^^  ^^e  8tot«  jfof  ser- 
yice  required  at  the  hands  of  o.ur  citizen  9pldIer9,;t]ijiait*thfiF^m  of 
'  expense,  alone,  without  regard  to  the  s9QfifieB;of  tj/x^^  W^1^Sfd  to 
secure  for  them  that  degree  of  proficiency  necessary  }o  repdor 
them  of  .practical  utility,  is  no  smaU  iipp€trtanm,to  indiliduals, 
and  should,  to  some  extend,  be  allejF^a^d.  ^    . .  .:;)  f.  ^ 

To  further  tl^Q  aofi^TOplishpRedt  p£  :thi«  dbgeot,  I.^raiUI  ^hggest 
that  you.  if  paid  xefiipfp^efxd  /tbd.iatlovaoeei  of  %b«  .tutOui  1  ebr^nse 

.  of  Uniform  9oi?api^nifvit  wt^on  Moftl  dai^  oar  acffride^  as  aHowed 
by, the  staite  of  Kqw  Tpr^to  miJiitaiy.  oOiEtpa»ies,;Md'  ihat  ^tiiero 

,  should  be  i^;ppu>regenfMral,apd>)Mroaisbo^^^  tba  mili- 

tia throughout  the  state.  .  *  ^ 

According  to  that  part  6f4tti^  tegldAlion,  improved  March  llth; 
l{i6l^«tteticigte>i&flilOTy^'Xbeiiig*se<!ltita  9,)wU  require  the 

county  assessAit  16  kMM  all  ^er^ns  subject  to  military  duty,  and 
. minus  .itb» mxM  biiliNi  tlerk ef  :tbi  hMi^a  itapervisors  of  the 
county,  a  list  of  all  the  able  bodied  white  male  persons  as  re- 
quired by  the  act,  which  I  regret  to  say  that  they  hare  both  neg- 
lected and  disregarded  the  law,  and  in  no  instance  hare  they  com- 
plied, whether  from  a  want  of  its  inception,  or  a  determined  dis- 
regard of  the  law,  I  cannot  say. 

The  militia  of  Wisconsin,  (now  one  of  the  most  promising  and 
prosperous  of  our  young  states,)  with  a  militia  list  of  over  fiflj 
thousand,  should  be  placed  upon  a  basis  which  shall  not  only  con- 
form to  the  requirements  of  the  general  government,  or  tbat  of 
our  state.    In  order  to  avail  ourselves  of  the  benefits  to  be  deriv- 


ed  therefrom,  bat  at  the  fame  time  tQ  gJTe  itihat  peeiliv^  Md  ef- 
ficiency reqaieite  to  accomplieh  the  ojbjectidQatao^Uited  :in  iti 
conception  and  design,  I  have  issned  a  ciroular  to  fU  f)^  <|[fferant 
gcDerals  in  the  different  brigades.;  aL»o  the  coin^andii^  4$()in  of 
regiments  andmajors  of  battalionsi  but  Ir^egret  to  be  cpnipel)/ed  to 
state  that  all|  the  commanding  general,  colonels  and  msoraiare, 
ifiiJi  the  exception  of  Major  Isaac  Spencer,  (of  the  6th  ba|t9^pa,^an- 
tj  of  Bad  Ax)  are  equally  in  default,  not  only  on  apcoont  of  their 
remissness  to  enforce  the  law  made  obligatory  on  them,  but  also,  as 
lo  their  total  neglect  of  making  annual  diyision  or  brigade  rettuma. 

In  order  to  provide  against  the  state  suffering  from  these  neg- 
lects it  fiitare,  I  wholly  leave  it  to  your  Excellency's  better  judg> 
ihent 

The  inactive,  or  enrolled  militia  are  exhibited  by  conntiea 
and  divisions  in  abstract  D.,  as  set  forth. 

In  tlottog  this,  my  report,  I  sbonid  do  injustice  to  my  own  feelingS| 
did  I  bot  embrace  this  opportunity  of  retaming  to  yonr  Excellen- 
oy  my  unfeigned  thanks  for  the  great  'confidence  you  have  placed 
lin  me,  thurtiog  that  the  discharge  of  my  ofBcial  duties  may  meet 
yonr  Bxcelleney's  approbation,  and  not  be  unj>rdfitable  to '  the 
state. 

I  have  th^  koilor  to  be 

Yopr  ISxcellenity 's  meet  4dMdiinit  iirvant, 
JOHN  M'llANMAN,    » 
JL4ji4taai  aii4  Intpeetor  OeMtel)  Wi^ 


•!'• 


APPENDIX. 


./lif /"ilA 


f 


ABSTRACT  A. 

In/voice  of  Ordnanee  and  Ordnance  Stores  turned  ov&r  hy  Sanders 
ZoMmg,  Jr,y  MiUtary  8i0t$  £jtep$r^  db^.f  qf  tksMmted  States 

,  Arm/yyon  tk$  ofchf  of  Fin.  X  J?ar«(0f«,  Ct^mwr^M  Comr 
manA^^in^OW  of  Os  SftO^  of  W4Mi^sim,ti4  JBoUou^^ 
Stormy  via;   »  •    ..      ?  .       '■     .  -^    • 

2  Six  j/b  Bkonie  Ouii%  1  f  50, 40t 

f  do  do    fleU  oarriagei  for  5  For.  9t5 

t  Setti  Implom^ts  and  Bqnipments  HH^  f  5c 

1  Betti  Artillery  HamMi  Wlied^  67  2^ ,. 
f  2  Moikato  uid  Appendagai 
100  BiflM-^teel  Bands 
40  SabM (Horaa  AriiUary) 
40  Baits  and  Plata  1  25c 

7oCal  4,010  4^ 


.  t^oi  "\ 

MO* 

110  JO 

.  134  5^ 

964 

,i,«88 :, 

220 

40  20 

Tha  whDlik&ig  aqual  in  Moskeli  508  5-18 


^  ^fiwnth$Jfe$m:  SUcXoehk  dk  Co.y  of  iAs  (Hfy  tff  Iftio  Torh^ 
M  Aedautd  ^  tie  State  of  Wtaoofmn^  and  Pcp^aHie  oulqf  our 
Quota  qf  Arma  dm  in  1866,  from  ths  Omeral  iShi)emmmU^ 
fohich  were^  pipped  to  Meemt.  J(rown  dk  Z(frbim^  MUwa/ukee^ 
marked  Glen.  McManmam. 


eo  Army'teBtf  and  Pol«  IS 

4  WantMU  •nd  Polw  S5 

100 

llf^qM 

'  IB 

10  Pair  Hobton  8  M 

,     85 

10  Pair  OaTalr7l>iaU>b  Gompbto^lS  SO     , 

.IIS 

, 

SRnzM 

S 

Oaitafa 

SM 

Total 

VMS  SO- 

Equal  b  miukeli  to 

9S8-1S 

[ 


.  .  I  .■   Ill 


-AmuandaccaulremmU  received  from  the  piUted  Statee^  from 
theye<9rl6i0tol6U,indueive. 
IMO,    140  pitloK 
1841,      70  cKnby  mhre^ 

TO  Mtt»«Tali7  Me(mtv«iMil%  18t  lO-ll 

1844,      60  MTAlrj  pkioh  and  60  wwoiiM, 

60  omlrj  aoooatKOMiiti^  81  19-18 

1845^      60  BiiiiktC^  €Mapl«l«, 

60  wtti  bfluitiy  aoooatreoMBii^  74    8-18 

1848|      71  miik«t% 

71  iDfimtry  aomitraiimtiL  $8 

1840,      80  muakete, 

80  Mtl8  inhnirj  aoomiiNaiMti^  87    8-18 

188(^    840  mmiMM,  oompI^U^ 

840  MttoiiifiuitryMoovtNMDH  488    8-18   IlllUO  17 

1851,    840  nfK  418    4-18        4^78  80 

840  Mtta  riflft  aeeoatrenwQti, 
1888,    160  eopp«r  iMm, 

660  riAm,  itaal  bamh  nd  aooottftra- 

nitDt%  165  IMS       speo  80 

18H        S  iix  pooodMib  broBM  giiii%  1,487  10-18 

Fetl  w«^ht  1760  Ibi^  40  Mte. 
8  dz  ponadMr  field  csniif^ii^  8loal 

8  Mlti  inipleoMBti^ 
3  Ntts  jvtilleiy  implinMiili^ 
79  BnHkili  md  apptnd^i^ 
100  rite,  iUdlMml% 
40  nbn%  hont  trtOlay, 

40  Mttt  belts  and  platai^  808    6-18       4,010  40 

60  ennj  tenti  and  pek% 


13 

4  army  wall  to&U  and  pokii 

1  ann7marqa«^ 
10  pain  cavaliy  piatob^ 
lO^paineaTaliyliohtan,  dec,  dt    g-lS       1,S42  25 


Total  in  mosk^'      '  '^  1,829  IMS 


Amomjt,^      ^'  .\  ,  928,242  82 


r-  .^;  «  .i 


l'  ' 

*    .*         ."» 

^    • 

,v-»^: 

'•:  .» 

i" 

^w 

t'.     .- 

•  :!    ;••• 

'  1     1 

t>' 

II. 

.     .  1 

j::  •■> 

»»^. 

t" '  • 

'H     . 

, 

.   •  ., 

t'  ' 

■     !    '  ■#■ 

Ti  ?* 

:;r'^ 

»  ;■-.   . 

•'  : ' 

♦ 

0':   . 

'.    *• 

r:l-» 

•    *• 

'  J'     '"'      :.' 

.:.  : 

.^      .•  ';^      '•  :••.:!  ■   ' 

.r  >  •'  f 
I 

'J>    Ori\^  M-c)       8"-  ,*$•:. 4  Imi.    :♦..,.'  -iKf    ••! 


tt 


0  •■' 


ABaniAor  D. 


0..  I 


Vt   . .-1 


EmXled ItmUia  of  the'ShtU  qf  W%»QOf^ii^  as  returned  for  the^ 

year  186^. 


XH  THX  TXBST  DXTIBXOIf . 


Waidtind 

TowndUiM, 

Reiaracd  in  18531 

2;j«bUi»1854. 

lIilwftnkea,latWaid, 

'     8»8 

.    1,080 

l» 

2d 

'« 

1,080 

« 

8d 

« 

628 

,  880 

M 

4t]i 

u 

■  660 

:  ;678- 

• 

5tb 

» 

'  699 

.1670 

Oreenfldd, 

f 

'   '"296 

Wwlwat(l«^ 

'308 

,870 

;       1 

liavankea, 

'  -m 

!>•* 

Oak  Creek, 

'■     388 

.11*" 

XdM^ 

218 

.    .266 

OmTiDe, 

. 

"'248 

,    280 

1*      . 

Fiaaklio, 

398 

r 

.      190 

Inctm^.. 


}^9n 


6,477 


yiBST  DITUttON-^-OOVHTT  OV  WAOaSHA. 


Hnl«K>ii, 

i:MJ   ■'.      -I 

lao  ' 

HflwBirHa, 

.    ,278 

270 

BrodUeld, 

.    ,so  rotunu* 

MenomoBM^ 

',,'244 

260 

I^Imo, 

'187 

187 

Pewukea^ 

160 

i 

297 

-Wrnwkn^ 

»o 

607 
100 

502 


u 


MttlfiroMf^ 

WMammtKA  UVUVII      UM 

14S 

lfvfMWP9|^ 

190 

220 

D«li(Ukl| 

Ml 

S80 

190 

8t7 

OUftWii 

■onChm. 

U^, 

•04 

«M 

470 


M97 


3,187 


riMV  DnrntoN— ^amwMi  ooqhtt. 


XntkmowRj, 

Ul 

Ml 

()ol4  ll|trin|% 

"■'  89 

89 

I'almym, 

m 

101 

()»ii«ord. 

•4 

84 

•ttlllVkS, 

109 

too 

M»br««, 

107 

107 

J«(KMtW>% 

a7i 

•71 

OakkuM), 

180 

ISO 

Irfkb  IIHk 

104 

104 

AataJiMt 

101 

101 

lit 

118 

tt\m)^ 

lOT 

187 

4n 

408 

MU^MNi 

109 

108 

89 

80 

TO 


^«* 


IT* 


18 


BnFfingtoOy 
Bocbeitor, 

HOfWAJy 


BAOun  oomrrr— t!Oirniivx». 

1  145 


1674 


1099 


185 


1a  Cbangei 

Uliitewater, 

BIchmoBd, 

Sugar  Creek, 

liA&yetti^ 

Spring  Prairie^ 

HadflODy 

Oenen,    * 

Delevan, 

Barien, 

Sliaioo, 

Walworth, 

Linn, 

Bloomfieldy 

Elkhorn, 


Fnun  DiYiaiov — ^wALwoiiTH  ooiniTr. 

179 

IPO 

218 

301 

188 

100 

I  120 

' ;  •  240 

190 

280 

;    809 

171 

800 

198 

185 

189 

8180  105 

8200 


80 


City  Eenoaha, 
1st  Ward, 
id     « 
3d     « 

SoQulpOffti 

Pleatant  Pndrie, 
BriBUl 


VIBBT  DIVI8I0V — KXVOBBA  COUHTT* 

304 

.:  200 

281 

:''!  281 

50 
110 
170 


tf 


16 


Salem, 

M8 

WbMrtUnd, 

til 

Brighton, 

-   85 

Pari*, 

'                                      170 

Somen, 

14S 

1821 


1998 


lit 


Gov.  Guard, 

Emmet  Guard, 

IrtWard, 

2d    «* 

8d    » 

4th    «* 

5th    << 


FiBflt  Dkyiszon — ^eaoutb  city. 

41 

810 
248 
208 
107 

''  1051     .  1220 


178 


Winaor, 

Dunkirk, 

Middleton, 

CroM  Plains 

Greenfield, 

AlbioD, 

Beny, 

Springdale^ 

YeraoD, 

Chris&m% 

SanPiauH 

J>Wk% 

Boekftbuiy, 
Blooming  Qfote^ 
Joik, 


BBCOm)  DITI8I0N — ^DAHS  OOUITXT. 

196 

188 

68 

50 

91 

81 

47 

57 

75 

109 

107 

65 
62 

m 

126 


Mr 


Primroae^ 

BbckEartl^  \ 

Montrose^ 

Oregon,  ^ 

Pleasant  Spiing, 
Westport^  ♦    I 

Rutland,  | 

Madi8(»i, 

2479 
No  reports  from  any  of  the  towns  for  this  year.  | 


sncoHD  niYisiox — ^rock  county. 


MagnoHa, 

Spring  Yallej, 

Avon, 

Kewark, 

Portio, 

Lima, 

Union, 

La  Prairie, 

Turtle, 

Milton, 

Beloit, 

CIiBton, 

Johnstewn, 

Bradford, 

Himony, 

Cfntre^ 

YeUon, 

Plymoatfa, 


ou 
64 

7S  ' 

128 

.'  y        \ 

101 

•■'  •  «. '  ■.  i . , - ' 

63 

\ 

112 

! 

509 

»    •  1  .   rA 

X 

2479 
1 

.•  *   .'1'. 

.»  .  •  » 

rNTY. 

M    ') 

1131 

.  ..>  . 

112 

'.  ,   'i 

180 

95 

220 

"133 

192 

.:"•■•.". 

120 

f       «' 

66 

,    -'. 

150 

■  '■■ 

180 

;.K!  . ..' 

627 

.  ■••..  > 

192 

,^:»  .  1 

169 

,.•  .  .-I 

162 

•;.;>■.  •  ■•..  ;* 

116 

.'  •  '♦ 

151 

116 

200 

102 

28Y 

3066 


38^8 


131 


1% 
■»€OIW>  WttW$»    WkmK  «Mfr. 

AJkmft  101 

Br•oUJl^  111 

DtcilWy  185 

Bfhmtar,  137 

Momt  PieanBk  lOS 

BMter,    '  100 

N«wGIvn%  W 

WMliiaftoD»  80 

Clamo  ISO 

Oad^  140 

Joidaq,  f6 

1670  1710 


nopro  Drriiioir— >MWA  oouvtt. 
LhidM 


liifflb,  170 

HigUaad,  800 

WaUfiek.  191 

OIjd%  «0 

BodgMilk  187 

PtUk^  44 

lliMialP«iaV  MS 

Am%  400               167 

l<t8  1880 


n 


■4fgyl^  M 

41 
144 

OtBter,  M 

Uk  GfOfA  \U 

Ajatto,  US 

Gratiol^  91 

KmkUI.  71 

S««  Dini^  116 

Bhathbwg,  904 

irsja%  41 

Wiote,  ISO 

WUteOiASjpite^  71 

mnra  fipriap  tl               tn 

1041  1410 

noonB  nnnoii— ^um  oommr. 

CBAm,  00 

BawAOmm,  100 

Patai,  371 

JaoMilMnv  171 

Hmtw%  107 

liM^  IM 

BigUnd,  01 

PM*iiGfor%  COO 

UMart^  188 

Ihak,  108 

W»f*01i^  89 

(UMriB%  110 

W«t«)g%  ISO 


8170 


to 


Emmett,  151 

Lamirty  124 

Elba,  170 

Shiddi,  129 

Calumofl^  75 

LoweU,  145 

ThewBa,  l«l 

ABhippum,  t02 

HabUrd,  168 

Hennon,  180 

WilliamstowD,  142 

Le  Roy,  86 

Hnstuaford,  108 

Oak  Oiove,  210 

Fox  Lak^  212 

Barnett,  130 

TrantoD,  139 

Cheater,  140 

Beaver  Dam,                           ,^  220 

Lebanon,  155 

Olyman,  145 

Westford,  60 

Rubicon,  184 

Portland,  100 


100 


3442 


3551 


THIBD  DIVIBIOK — COLUMBIA   COUNTT. 


ll^nebago, 

637 

Port  Hope, 

100 

Scott, 

131 

SpriDgrale^ 

82 

Dekora^ 

228 

Otoego,                                  . 

103 

Fountain  Prairie^ 

113 

Happan, 

WeBtp<H 

Randolpby 
Portage  Prairie, 
Wyocena, 
Lowel], 
Colambua^ 


SI 
oannRnr^^eobtiAiied. 


88 
88 
181 
40 
110 
120 
100 
140 
200 
€99 

2120  2846 


.516 


fSnO  DIYBIOM— •MAB^pSTTB  (WOITTT. 

Mackford,  184 

Green  Lake,  194 

Broeklyn,  *                                           126 

AlbaDj,  89 

MiddJetown,  86 

PleaaantTalley,  300 

Marqaetle,  99 

BofUe,  144 

Melin,  29l 

Eisgston,  281 


1,616 


[1,697 


181 


ranuDBrnaxoir — loifBi^u  lao  oouirTT. 

FritBdahip,  80 

Calumet,  809 

Smpire,  78 

Eldorado^  79 

Aabm,  68 

Boiendale,  126 


AMui,  ISO 

Oeelom  4« 

Eden,  lis 

Cvmo,  «00  IM 

TBIU  BlTI8ION->4aBBOTeiJI  OOUMTT. 

OBo,  «0 

Tf{«»i«,  118 

£Mtt,  M 

No  report  for  two  years. 

T^I&P  DIYIBIOV— WABBDIGTOir  0001^. 

Fanningioii,  1®^ 

SIS 
;   Ko  lotoms  from  Uiox^  of  the  towns. 

lomtxH  DmsioM — wumiBAoo  oouhtt. 

Winehester,  55 

CflajtOD,  58 

IfesMh,  551 

▼iiland,  IM 

WameeoniMy  ISO  . 

BaaUbid,  lYO 

Onao,  SSO 

UgOBMW  155 

Nekn^  104 

Utie%  95 


BladklUi;  65 

Odhkmb^  *• 

lAtlRTwd^  187 

^d     do  900 

dd     dd  108 

1578  2408 

DV^BtH  DITOIOH — CALUIOIT  OOUimr. 

Ohtfltfta,  81  81 

Uto  MUnifcr  two  yeiit. 

lomtni  Dimiow-^^iAiinowoo  couitr. 
Ko  ratnroi  from  my  of  dio  towns  for  two  yean. 

mOBTH  DmSIOH— BBOWV  OOUITTT. 

Ko  ntviu  for  twoyavi. 

TOURTH  DIYUIOV — ^DOOR  OOUSTT. 

Wo  ntanui  from  mjs  of  the  towm  for  two  jeait. 

fOV9TH  Dinstoir—- ouTAOAim  ooiTinrr. 
•Onuid  Clmla^  174 

aiiogtOB,  87 

Hoi(oid%  88 

GvMBTilli^  68 

C«Bti«^  Noretoru. 

DaH  No  lotom. 

Bmni,  Hontaittk 

974  479 


94 

FimS  f>IVl«OK-i«OBAWfOBPi.COOIirr. 

Pndrie'da  0hi6D,  856 


308 


No  retarns  from  tmj  other  towni  for  two  yean. 


FIFTH  DIVMION — RiCHLAlfD    COUUTT. 

BockBMge,  Bi 

Kehltfid,  40 

Baena  YisU,  .280' 

Richmond,  60 

Eagle,  80 

Bichwood,  4,                                             68 


54 


428 


482 


FIFTH  PIVIBIOir— BAUK  COUSTT. 

Brooklyn,  850 

DeDi,  54 

Delenm,  10# 

Florence,  60 

Freedom,  «          78 

Honey  Creek,  11^ 

Eingiton,  150 

KewBofUo^  88 

Prairie  da  8ae,  226 

Reedibnrgh,  120 


1258 


1840 


Jaekaen, 
Wo  reporti  for  two  yean. 


FIFTH  DlVUIOir— 1SAM8  COUlTrT. 

/     81  81 


isitB  nrnaioN — Tcmk^B  oouvtt. 
Ne  repoita  from  any  iowna  in  two  yeara. 


as 


fim  PlTIBIOli^ 

-BlTTAUOVf. 

lit.  Wauihara  County, 

No  report. 

dd.  Waupaoca  County, 

• 

No  report 

Sd.  XanithoD  County, 

Vor^fott 

4th.  CUppewa  County^ 

No  report 

5tlu  St  Croii  County, 

Mo  report 

eth.  La  Point  County, 

107 

101 

7th.  Bad  Ax  County, 

181 

408 

Sih.  La  CroMe  County, 

Vo  report. 

9th.  Oeonto  County, 

No  t%poTL 

10th.  Waupacea  County, 

No  report 

11th.  Milwankoa  City, 

194 

237 


421 


Belonging  to  the  first  Diviaon   298  709 


ir 


§ 


g 


s 


BnMi>ixnMip4M» 


Inm  liz  FouDcWuh 


s«U  of  Implem«Dt«. 


Bpongw  jrtemttieni 


Ladeb  and  W«rdi. 


Bricoil  md  Ot^. 


Tr5«H«dffik* 


Amiuvnition  Buze& 


Seta  HareoM  ftr  two 


Motkets. 


Bayonettt. 


Owtridg«Box«iL 


Bayonetai  Seabbardi 
•ndBeltaL 


Bruahetand  Pioka. 


Povder  Homa 


Pouofaea 


HoraaPiatola. 


Sworda. 


Sword  Scabbarda. 


Drama. 


Filea 


Boglae. 


ArtUkiy  Sworda. 


BeLtaaadPlatw. 


i 


P9 
H 

QD 


Ife 


3 


CJiQCO^i^ 


SSS^ 


Bngmt^ejtaaiwpdfc 


Ingpector  GoDefaht 


Aida  do  Caropw 


IIILtiooitoa4a43iUl 


OolMotoi 


Lieut  Colonolai 
Majora        ^ 


Adjtitanta 


PaymaatenL 


ghaj^laifla 


Soiyeona. 


Surgoona'  Mataa. 


Oaptaiaa. 


Fint  Lieoto^pBli. 


SecoDd  LiontoBaata. 


Quarter  Maater  Sorj'taL 


Muaictaoa. 


Buglera  A  Traaipatara. 


Sergeantu 


Coiporala. 


8SS« 


Lssfe 


c8^8Sq 


Artifioon. 


Soiyoant  Majors. 


Privatoa. 


Total  GonimiarfoMd 
Officora, 

Total  NoD-ooBiaia- 
aionodOfBoanaad 
Phfatea. 


Aggrogate. 
Nnmbor  of  DiTwioML 


Nombor  of  Brigadaa^ 


Number  of  Bo)tii 
Namborof 


V«mb«  of  OaapMiML 


5 


QD 


BEPORT 


Of 


WM.  R.  SMITH, 


hU  Wnhxm. 


07THB 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN 


FOB  THE  TEAR  1854. 


MADISON: 

BBUAB  BK0«r5,    STAtI   PSIRnB. 

1856. 


'vv  '>':  { :■:. 


.-<•■. 


K I^ ■/..()  )'ir-/  '10  }l[l:'R 


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:  /  ';  .  i  a  A  h 
•  i'r.:ij(  >    if  I  ■■■   .Y.  ■■  ,>n   :!/  :;|-^ 


^f-     .......  . '  .  . 


REPORT. 


To  Hy  j<;yKT.T.KNOT,  Vfu^  ^(k.  gABsrow, .  ;^ 

*  '  '  Oovernar  of  tfie  Biate  '&P  WUcdnHn; ' 

.  .1  .    •  .  .  .    :.  ^   -.^   .,    .■  .  jf .  ', 

Sib:  Having  been  appointed  in  pnrananco  of  an  act  of  the 
Lfipiiatttfe, appro^p^d  Mardutlst)  18£4,  tosdiperintrnd the pnbl- 
cation  <lf  wmticb  of i the  Dotnipientaiy  Hhtorj  of  the  Stato  of 
l?iMoiitit^ti»  wasiprepare^iliy  jsMpreviofasIy  to  the  date  of  aaiA 
aofv  I  h6seiri4b:i«8f{eotfall7i  repdtt  ia  yen  the  reenlt  of  my  actiom 
oirgatii Appointmept :^   i   ^'^ 

Mr.  .Beriah  Brown,  to  whom  the  contract  foir  printing  the  HiBtorf 
waa^awar^edibayipg  decided  tfiftt^t^e  wor]^  fi^xoold  be  stereotype^, 
it^be^ame  ];;^ce8qaj|;y  tlpat  I  sbpQld  proceed  tp  F^iiadqlphia,  to  fin- 
perinteiidihe,8€|tti|^gtip,af;tl^  P&£?b,  corr^t  the  sieveral  pxoof 
ebeets^aad.Attenfl  to  tbo^oon^pl^^iqa  of  fhj^  aeyenvl^  stereotype 
pLat^  i^l^en  diligently  i^nd.^itllfnlly  compared  wjth  the  original 
mapoBcripti  Thislabo^.ocqnpie^  my  tinite,  JCrom  th^  5th.  d^y.of 
Jp^  mitil  Jthje  ^nd.  day  of.  Soy/enaber ;  hx^t ,  ^nch  a  period . waa  no 
longer,  if  bo  long/ as  I  should  have  been  employed  in  the  wofk  pf 
correcting  the  press  from  day  to  day,  if  the  type  had  been  set  xijp 
and-tBe  print^d^prbdfs'k  e^ch  j^^g^  had  been  laken  in  WisconsiiL 

The 'Mert4ky;{M  ^lates'Uf  two'Vdlnmed  of  the  ItOstory  are  ntfir^ 


and  for  some  time  have  been,  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Brown,  at 
Madison,  and  from  the  progress  in  printiog  the  work,  which  I  have 
Been,  I  am  well  assured  that  the  two  volumes  will  be  readjior  de* 
livery  according  to  the  contract^ 

Two  volumes  have  now  %edki  ^pirMftk  publication ;  the  first 
volume  commences  with  the  earliest  period  of  our  history,  and 
closes  with  the  period  of  the  formation  of  Territorial  government 
in  Wisconsin ;  this  volume  comprises  432  pages,  and  althoi%h 
more  matter  had  been  prepared'  by  the  compiler,  yet  this  period 
was  considered  a  propar  resting  place,  leaving  for  the  second  vol- 
ume, the  history  of  Wisconsin  through  Territorial  and  State  gov- 
ernments, down  to  the  present  time. 

TWe*'3Ai*VilriiA^  nb^^^e^e^'fe^  pubUcation  is  properly  the 
first  in  the  Documentary  series,  although  entitled  the  third  in  the  ^ 
general  history  ;  this  volume''^  coritafes  m^  j^a^^s,  aWd'liai  %^ii  ^ 
considered  sufi^tftjcnUy  IliJ^{|pe,  although ^^uclt^^ore  matter  is  already 
prepared,  which  may  be  comprised  in  future  volumes. 

Ibuir^^  llrBttazrd  Mv^  .t<ilttmw  4ii^/iuJ#  lisif  ctmrae^o^f  bbii^:; 
ptbited  ;rthB^feefaDnd  AbAfomtfa  mofibtibomtfmei^sm^g  IbeiTekL^^ 
biAd^  skumkB^  91  tod  9  ififth  vqIuqub^  o(}tripriaif^<|hmdea0riptiM)DS8dr ' 
BtartiiBttiaB  of  eftoclil OMsmlyf  fin-  onr  Btatefia  wSWM^ffXftsdMtmiJifr^^  ^ 
compiler,  the  materials  for  which  he  bias  heeoAg^etiagMvli'.mrf. 
rap«Wi<^n^^<5.yeaf:spa8t  .......      ,, .     \:\:'y,^\  ..• 

.4ltt  yfh^l^  x^it  ifl^»i?t)irkff6d  'Infef 'tbfW*|)!rftg(^'Hi«fy^,f  IWcil- 
m^«fcH^,.'a'ndJ tieiBcrfptlVe ;  *<^'fflr*t-r(iltfnie^^#  th*Hi#t(tfi«i¥,' aria-' - 
th^»  fl^st'of  MVd  Ddcdftir^tftiiry  p^m  6t'^  jkW'^hhiiii^  b€f  feWfeti  to'^l 
tb^'pUiM?^;  Vetit6m,i^'k  f«rvi*feAi>«'ffia«^*i VWk't*6tttfi^d^aiid*' 
f(M&t6i^f  tbt'L^g^sIiftiire' df  ti^-kktte,  ritkjt^b*  cbnMdel^d  sfrtk-*: 
fa^totj^^ift^^r  ttfiSifid'tiAv^  {n^^s^ntefli^^hU'ehat  it'iHfirbe  fcJriiftflfc^d*^' - 
thy  ctf^fliitk^  jir^tekiWi  dtod  en^Wa^rirtdS?  'by'^i^^'ftiiiiB*  itt^^ 

ty&t^y:     '-'      '-'"' :   ■•    •'  ■    '  ■'  '>''  ^'''  f  •"-■  • ' '-  ■'*  ■•-•'■• ' 

.    ^il^ave  depoflite^d, l^'fhe.Bxecutiv^  q^cjb ^e  vvrhp|€|,x)f ,>bp ^}gin.. 


jny  own  band  writing,)  and  have  cansed  the  same  to  be  faithfally 
copied  (by  clerks)  into  Bubstantially  bound  folio  volumeSi  which 
are  also  there  deposited. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be. 

With  great  respect, 

Your  Obedient  Servant, 

WM.  R.  SMITH. 


^  I 


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.;•     ••      'lOi.    :i      i.;     .    J 


FIRST  ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF  TOB 


COMMISSIONERa 


OP  tni 


Mi5cott$iii  ^liitc  |!imiitic  ^sniunt, 


OF  TtnB 


STATE  OF  WISCONSm, 


FOn  TUE  YEAR  1854. 


IIADISON : 
BEIIIAU  JiUOW  V.  PUIXTER. 


ITi'i  {  \  .W.'KV/  T'  ii  i 


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1    •        ..  .    •    .  .,;... 


REPORT. 


ToSi»-&ceUency;ihe  Governor  and  th$  ticfi^  te^guUxiyirt: 
pMWabt  to  tlie  re^nirettietitd  ^f  kw/  tiitke  tiii  foUbwh^   .     / 

Mteediflt^y  ttpDn  tb«  a^'dnminedtof  tli^  Isst  legfsIiitaQa,  thk|r  : 
entered  np^ntUe  dkoYkstg^  of  their  ddtiwaa  Baoh  Cfemmii6iiOMls :  ) 
bM  tmty  ib)&  6^)eii^o<i  iof  a  site  ilp<nD  ikhiih  to  «redfc  tke^bt<i)dibgiii^ 
of  the  loBtitntion.  Aware  how  important  an^inflaeBOGifae  IMalmi  . 
of  ttrift  hobj^l^  ttfid  it^  (^Mtftidilo^  uM  general  wrangitoeiMtr, 
wotiM  have  bpon  thie  tntatcd  afid  phytridal  wcM  lieihg/ofi  thoecrnvba' ) 
wto6  lihoftly tb becom^f ItBoocupaBtS)  the OottizaiBaibiiers  hit^ 'in  t 
nek^Ijr  ^Vay  paHit^tito!^  b<»dn  guidbd  iiy  the'expeiaenbepf  tbim  \ 
-who  hare  b^n'bDg  fakiliitt^'widi  the  0iibjec<,  afadiiirlio  #ere'  ai>  , 
qiDlsiiit^  i^itb  the  d^fecfiir  M  w^ll  as  the  ad^^dtagwoC  a  ioejonl^' : 
of  American  asyltims.    Dn  Kirkftrlde,  in  an  ably  ^written  MitUi 
upon'"  Hospitals  for  the  iDsane,"  says,  '^  Wheof  iibafe  been  detep*  \ 
mined  id  erect  ati  ho^pHal,  the  first  objeeito  be  ^ittemldS  teis  Che 
selection  of  a  suitable  site  for  the  buildings.    The  ttmoetipAatioa' 
abbuM  be  obtferred  in  tahibj^ihis  etep^  on  )which  malj!  derp^Qd  to 
B^'Biball  extent  the  future  charaitet^  and  tisefttlddss  of^the^tstitn^  > 
ti(^;  fof  t&e  bedt  styU  of  buildings  andtbe  ihost  Kberal.oifgmi- ) 
zation,  cfan  neVet*  f Ally  com{>en8ate  for  the  lods  taeftafned  bf  alo-: ) 
catHm  that  depri teer  the  patieDlsxyPmaiiy  vabnable  piivile^^  » . 
aabject  them  to  vaiiieA  tefioyslMMa."  •  • 


Ifftnj  sites  were  offered  to  the  Commissioners  bj  cifiz-ns  of 
Jf adison,  and  otber  sections  of  the  state,  u  full  flccount  «>f  which  is 
given  in  the  Superintendent's  RejM»rt.     After  u  caref..]  iindHcrntt' 
sizing  examination  of  the  vardua  h>calitie8,  ihu  Omimistii  n<  rs 
seletoJ  the  lamis  off.  red  J  J  >^((i<»\^^n.ir|^r\vell.  n|>fi:i  ihe  north 
shore  of  Lake  Meiidota,  in  the  town  of  WrslfNirr,  aliont  six  mihs 
fmm  tlie  Cai^rol  ^qnare.     Thi^si'eis  one  of  the  n  o*t  btnut.ful 
that  can  be  i:uagineii^  and,  in  the  o|)ini«»n  of  the  CoinmHshi  er% 
posesses    every   necessary    requisite    for    such    an    insiitntiop. 
It  is    ill  a  lioalihv,    ]>k'aBant    and   ferrde   iegi>>n   of    conntrv; 
the  hind  is  of  a  g0(»d  quality  and  easily  tillcMl^  and  the  nc  {j:h- 
borhfK)d  18  replete   with  "oljocts  of  an    intl*re-t  njt  chamVfer  — ' 
lyitttorthb  a»yJnin'wili  lie  nitir^d,  a/<d)it*)>rlvni;>   tWy  scyu  4f^, 
yiews^drfi  it' will  exhibit  life  in:  its  aetive,  fonn,  and  4ha  tii'T-ii^  ^ 
objects  of  It  busy   town.    Thy  tja.t;  fnihnjces  oi.e  huiuhed  a«  d 
four  acres,  in  which  thi're  is  a  cllie  proporti  xi  of  wood  and  lillcihW 
]ai|CUj    AJinp^'  of  iruiter  cmiiiWoMiiinoi  fr<>iii  the  l/>kr«  H'  4  ^^^ 
tlie  ibviUtioi  of  dj^ainflge  are  iiblintbiiit.'   The  g-iu  ral  cliar«M'fer  of 
tlio  ]ltf,i;t4  Is  snob  as  will  admit  uf  a 'high  digi'ei^Ad'. tasteful  4iitdj; 
agi^abj|e  intpiaTetiienti  .  *        ;  :     *      > 

.Tb^.t^^j^niiiissiuneRi  tlel  th:il  thi*7  would  Mot  bed^iin*;  just.co'to: 
Ooi^^fiiet' FiU'wo  i,  if  they 'ftlionld  |i)Mgle(^  to  ri.*niiii4l  the  h!;:;i«lH- 
tufoof  Jdspnb:iespirt«uiid  liltCfaMt/,  nuifle  st»  a(»,  au'Ht^  Uy  hii  . 
d«vdiifg  to  tliu.  state  thistmetcif  laiul  tor  ike  loniiMii  sum.i»l.'  tif* 
teeJshniidred:lMindf\'d  dollars,  ifrhilii  ihe  ival  vahie  thcivof  in  init 
lefStkan  six  tkoutonddtilbiis. .  The  CMiu^ii^ii  hjim's  niciibio'n*d%T 
niftny  ifb!ipit>ins  ^l  himiur  vahlsAile  JHigjsebtigu.s  duiijig  ihu  pro*^ , 
grO(4of  itie-r  bntiiiKSi.    .  "     •      ". 

Tile  fourth' sertioti  of  the  ^^  act  to  ph'Vide  fui"  h.  State  Luaaiic 
Asybiin,"  is  a-*  foUow- : 

*'Snidibtt  h)iii^s»hiiU  be  r*>n«lni{*tetl  in  afcordiince  widi  tJio  l*Vw». . 
of  the  'Woibudter  Ibt«])ital  f  r  the  L  Bane,  i«s  ri*i*onniiei<d.  d  i»y  Jle 
CoMMiiitloe  in  thfir  ke|Mirt  ttt  the  Senate.    P  ovid. d,  That.sMi^I : 
Offii Ml i^Kidner.H shall  have  p  rwer  tu  m«ik«»  any  h  td'atiiNU   she  v.n 
wifieb  tliey  mtiy'  iknlc  ne«v8SfU:>s  4I'mI  which  will  u^:  uuxtari^llj 
change  Said  plan,  or  increase  thb  4:ui4  ol'  t^id  .bui-dj^u'     ^  , 


•eapon  to  trisit  the  Worcester  Ho^tal ;  dtid  h#  Wia  tbeiNs  and«li^ 
where  advised  by  seieritiSe  pbysiciffnid  that  th«' Wof6e0ter  tlMfrf^ 
4al  bad  not  only  ceased  to  be  a  model  institution,  but*  l^d^  f^IlM 
Into  tlie  rear  rank  of  the  mtirch  6f  improvementi.  'Within  itbd  UM 
jEt5W  years  there  has  been  a  rapid  advance  in  science  as  appltei  t» 
Ute  treatment  of  the  insane,  and  it  is  ^neralty  dobceded  tkni  « 
more  convenient  style  of  architeetnre,'  and  bettef  arrangeinenti 
than  can  be  found  in  any  t)f  tlie  old  hospitals  are.  if  diapeflMble. 
The  trustees  of  the  Worcester  bbapital  serioii^ly  eontemplatd  sell* 
iiig  out  the  old  ImildiiigB  ahd  ereoiiag  new  oi^es  :upoa  annibcv 
aite.    They  say : 

*'The  Jocatiun  is  snch  ad  po  (M3i6,  fit  the  present  lime,  would  se- 
lect for  such  an  object*  The  land  conoectedlwith  it  is  altqgethe* 
tf>»  liiDited,.  L)  badly  Wtuatedt  not  fak^nishing  to  the  patients  t]uil| 
freeduiu.aiide.N^rcise  iu  theopdn  air  which  is  dedirable  in  sqch  on 
i^tftittition.  The  lioapital  builiiingd  are  almost iurrupoded  <l>y.0itjl 
residences,  and  are  not  suitable  |cN^tl>e  useatowhleh  theyat^puK 
Ttu*y  arc  low  gtuddtd,  tlie  &toiies  htintgi  only  ei^ht  and  a  half,  and  , 
nine  fc'Ct  liigh  in  the. clear;  they  are, warmed  by  furnaeea  in  the; 
bisemetit,  which  are  very  dangerous,  and  now  nearly  wurn  ouL 
Tii.'y  have  already  beep  on  tire  at/ least  once  from  them.  'Th^ 
Yviitilut.ou  is  80  impeifect  as  not  to  dq<erve.tli^  iiauiQu  The  yeiit;?  . 
ducts  arc  cacii  but  four  iiychcs.$qu£yre,  opening  iu^  utti%  fioigt 
^vliich  the  foul  uir  has  no  ini*,an3  of  escape.  It;  oncii;,a^cefid| 
tUioifgli  oi\Q  vuiitiiluct,  but  to  dosjcyiid  through  anothci*.  I]ut  foc[ 
the  natuial  vi'Ut*lati>n  through  the  wii>duvvs.aud  dpovs, .the  coiVy 
taittiiuitgd  uiv  wouUl  be  often.  ii|ti4evabie.  I^$eyilelfects,arvplaip*, 
ly.  Aiiiiw  i'v  tlio  appearaiico  '}f  tint  patleuta..  Tiie.frcqii^nt  occairrenct 
vt'  i.'ry*i|)elas  iu  the  h(is,*ita.lj3  l^nt.ou^  of  ita  indict-s,  Thu  t^IjJea 
of  luorta'ity  kIiuw  that  i;r\\sipL' his  stjiu^js  at  the  h end  of  acute  dis-^ 
eoiSCi  in  fatiiUry  heri>.  There  U  (i|n  K^nt  re  wiuit  of  HUJtabL*  vardf 
c<mui^t^4  with  the  buil'Ungs^  ,Ti4e|'e  are  iiyo.6.e|iaiMto  latcjieua- 
with  siH,  thameii^i  a  t^ rend),'r  Uieiii  SijVtiinU)y  coiupJe^u"  ^^ 

Tills  being  ihc  casa,  the  OjiiiriifeBioirers  did  hdtthint  flic'msolvci 


4«iiriible  topro(>«ee:|i-bnildii««ntirelj  origroaliu  y&:4eaig9,  }>^ 
Hn^iieiwmM^'to  ^^^yrithia  the  scppe  of  die  Uw%  m^  to  Adqg^ 
«Hfcimi«oTemento  m  were  <Jik^tQd  bj  tjie  expprwpe  pf  t^ftpfttf 
M4'b]r  tbe  knowledge  of  tboae  who  are  familiair  i^ith  the  wfti^^i 
api  requirements  of  tbe  iopane.  They  deternuned  to  car^foUj 
9lLXMij  tbe.exi^jtiDg  ipstitutiopa  aud  if  possible,  to.  adopt  all  theff 
gpod  feataiea  a^  to  ^yoid  their  dofects.  .  . .  , 

With  dne  regard  to  eaonomy  in  their  expendiinree,  ihej  waM 
deitht>nB  to  erect  aki' institution  that  would  most  completely  fnlB 
tlie  obfeot  of  its  design,  and  nltimately  giTe  moat  satisfaction  to  an 
enb'ghtened  community. 

For  the  parpoee  of  gaining  die  requisite  information  upon  this 
iubjeet,  Hon.  Geo.  S.  McLane,  Superintendent,  risitcd  during tfaa 
j^st  year  nearly  every  hospital  of  any  note  in  the  Eastern  States* 
He  gave  the  subject  a  careful'  and  earnest  examination  and  hucl 
before  the  Board  the  result  of  his  investigations,  as  set  forth  in  hiia 
Beport,  to  which  attention  is  invited. 

'  In  regard  to  principles  which  should  regulate  the  construction 
and  varied  arrangements  of  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,  there  is  at 
tbe  present  day  a  remarkalbe  unanimity  of  opinion  among  those 
fkmiliaf  with  the  subject.  A  series  of  twenty-six  propositions  in 
Reference  to  their  construction  was  adopted  by  the  "  Association  of 
Medical  Superintendents  of  American  Institutes  for  tbe  Insane^ 
at  their  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in  1851,  and  these  propositions 
have  been  recognized  as,  and  are  without  doubt  the  highest  an^ 
thority  upon  that  subject.  The  plan  adopted  by  the  Commission. 
itB  is  intended  to  be  in  perfect  accordance  with  the  views  of  diat 
Association.  It  is  the  plan  matured  by  Dr.  Eirkbride  of  the  Penn* 
aylvania  Hospital,  and  approved  by  every  Superintendent  in  the 
United  States,  and  it  may  be  safely  asserted  that  if  carried  out  in 
the  true  spirit  of  enlightened  philanthropy,  it  cannot  fail  to  give 
US  an  institution  of  a  high  order,  every  way  superior  to  any  previ- 
ously erected,  and  at  as  smalf  a  cost  as  can  effect  the  object  da* 
^|redU    7^r  a  £uU  and  ap^ij&c  acoppi^t  ef  t]|e  plan  of  the  bwldu^ 


«7 

^  ••(Rliir  gfiftMyitt^tati^irtiilit  this  i)lari ^9^f6ci^W^^iipfifif9al 
'" 6f 'cvdry  t^lf '^kMcftt^d^an  to 'wbomtt has'fc^en  rtifettflltoa.  i^*' 

'^e  coihnQissioners  }n  rTovember  last  had^he  plea^are.bf  mefet- 
*iii"g,  fa  'MadJsoh,  commTssioners  from  the 'state, of  Mdryfktid,'*'bf 
"Which  commisfsion  ^ds  the'fiti)n.  Benj:  OJHowaVd,  And  \rtio'VC^e 
'  Tifiitlng  diflterent  states,  to 'be  mad6  actiuatntfed  with  the  most  ap- 
proved locations  -and  plans  fbr  Ifisane  Asylums,  pre^)aratoty  to'tfie 
location  and' coristVnctioti  of  an  ins'titnfion  of  that  brdfer  Ih'Ufarj^- 
lloid.    They  are  men  <5f  high  character,  active  benevblelnce;  atld 
('Bertititiiringjnl^stigftfiac.-    THey  had  already  v{f»ited<odr08t>^th6 
flbodpitais  in  th^^^li^ta,  d^enving  irittdf^peneable  to^^ir  dal!f  in 
-hi^sw  of  the  vespoDtfiblQ  trnst'C^hfided'' to  th^m. '  iFhey  vteiied'Ihe 
tOocation  MlooteMliby'iiB,'flnd  noted'Odi^  ^ansiof^bdiMfaHg,  ^.y^nd 
were  pleased  to  accord  tbeir  unqaalifidd  approval  of  th«'iaHCid^iflftd 
-4lMy  ftrlly  idieeer]9«bie4f  «6'6e»^p4;  th«  ptans'of  VThe  tl^i^eo^inlfttate 
YjLimMic  Adylutn'/'  without  ftltemtton,  bs  a  putteca  for  M&rykuift. 
The  Wisconsin  Stat^  Xtmatic  Asjluiii,  when  fully '  compJttea, 
"•-wiH  accomtnodftte  from"  two  hnndred  and  fifty  to  three  hnndr^ 
VpMientB,  and  the  cbit  of  the  entire  structure  %ill  be  thesnm'bf 
^  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  ddllai^.    But  the  Wants.  ()f  tfa^  Ih* 
*^ne  in  this  state^rtiay  not  demfand  the  expenditure  of  that  antoiiht 
for  many  years.   flPhe  cpmmiBsioners  deehied  it  to  be  their  dtity  io 
I^rovide  BGeommodatbaosfot'  at  lest  one  hundred  and  ten  palSents, 
.'lia(to€tt(a6.|K>68rhIe>(th8t  being  the  estimated  nnaiber  6t  inaaneSn 
bHiBjUU at tbeiprasenttbne.    Theiiefore  uftder  the  ptoviflSooB mt 
the  act  establishing  the  Asj^mn,  Ae  board  caiss^  to  be  pobliik- 
'i^  in  the  rraqboad  number  iof  necropapeH  in  the'^tate,  a  notice, 
ttatiDg,  that  sealed  propbaab  \raidd  be  redeired  by  th^ixi  for  Aflr- 
.  ai^Iuiig  materials >aiid  dmig  tbe  woA  for  die  erectiMixif  the  bnild- 
-  jdg  drf  MidiAsykioi,  orisiofa  >|>offtion  thereof  as'the  oonimiatioami 
vfb^lM  doemsfldviiablb  to  b*veeseot^9  and  tfaat*tbey  would  iairaid 
jihe  jBpntrMt  io  i^e  bsmeat:  Udder  tlien^br.     The  cehtiMt  wite 
swarded  to  Andrew  Proudfit,  whenuo  he  hut  agceiBd  ia.eftmpklte 


.8 

•  Htm  main  bQsMfnjp  und  tim  Tdnghndlnmraiid.  two : 
.wTtbinlilie  jemrAi6\  two  more' Inngitndiii«l>nfid  two  iiiMre  tn 
:.Tor0e  wings  within  the  jear  1856,  and  t|ier^tuiii)(Jttr(*f  said  bnild- 

>Dg8  at  each  reasomiblQ  tiino  thereai'tor  as  the  couomiAaiouQni  may 
direct;  and  for  the  performat  ce  of  liis  agreemonti  in  the  p«emt* 
aea^  he  ha^^  entered  info  bonds  to  the  state  in  the  snin  of  fifty  tlioo* 
sand  dollars.  Tiie  contract  also  ][>iovide9,  tiiat  as  tlie  W(»rk  pro- 
gresses, estimates  of  iiiaterials  furnished  and  work  d«>ne  shall  \)B 
made  monthly  by  the  commissium^rs,  and  eiglity  |>or  cent,  thereiif 
allowed  the  cor.tractir,  the  rem>iiping  twenty  leroent  to  he  m« 
tained  nntil  the  completion  of  the  sever.l  sections  of  said  work. 

The  cost  of  th^  portion  of  tlio  building  to  be  complete'!  in  the 
year  18&5,  will  be$G7,743  00.  The  etimate  hm  been  made  with 
lefbrenee  to  the. bid  of  Mr.  Proudfit,  by  an  able  and  experi« 
enoed  arclifitecti  and  the  Gtrnmiesioners  are  contideiit  that eitah 
aiim  is  abundantly  enfficicnt. 

Mr.  Fiviidfit  has  g<ino  vigorously  to  work^  and  is  placing  inati^ 
nalsvpon  the  ground  as  fast  as  p<<ssibh^  We  a'o  i(rf<»niMHl  .bj 
him,  that  he  hns  nln-ady  contrncted  for  i\\\  ihe  stnne  neressfiry  for 
tlje  main  btiilding  nnu  two  wings;  fur  ail  tliu  brick,  and  1  ine  for 

•  IhesamC)  a  large  amount  of  luinlicr,  and  lian  all  tliei'iacliiujerj 
nece^saiy  for  ligisting  f'tnne  aiid  other  waterage  on  hand,  and 
there  is  no  rca^onablo  doubt  that  tlio  work  \vi  1  ho  corupluti;d  jy- 
coiding  to  the  terms  of  the  c  ^ntnict,  and  jierhap-i  soongr^ 

The  last  legislature  n(>pro|m;iti!d  the  sum  of  fifteen  thoTismii] 

dollar**,  whidi  leaves  I^.V.%143  00  mt^re  to  b<j  provHlcii,  in  artier .t«> 

;  eiimpl^fte  the  contract  wiih  M*.  ProtidHt  for  tlio  main bniUing'aiid 

•  tw(»  longitutinal  aad  twu  transverse  win^^.  j 

Tliero  h»i3  alrea<Iy  bjcii  exp^n  led  iiv  thu  B  lardtto  tliis^  datd,^ 
sum  very  little  cxccedidg  live  ilmn-and  dollar-.  -   j 

We  think  we  aro  warraitted  in  tlie  prem'seis^  to  siv  tint  thnfiist 
vftfition  of  ilie  aHylnni  will  he  cimi;  letud  atii  te«dy  fur  f  fttionts  be- 

•  fwQ  the  meeting.of  tlio  nextli*gi»ature;  aiUhtiifnakmiiHuutitstHWf 
c*therefaro  be  msci^sarr  ibt  the  peseiit  session,  14  -iirdor  to  iKrr£j4k 

•  tbo  OTgaii^utioa  of  the  iuctltutiun«    '    .  a 


0* 

'  imtiWion  «f  tlik  (fUMd,  whitli  tias  rk>(f  exceeded  iti  c<Mt,  tbe  8am  tt 
'  Mie  Kfindtidd  and  iUty  thoasand  deNare,  #tiile  inany  have  been 
^tmetrtiefed  at  an  expend  of  over  two  hnndred  thousand  dollank 
1¥VMy^ester  aejrhtm  co^t  two  hundred  and  eighty  seven  thonaand 
doUai^;  Tamiton  asylnm,  jnsC  completed/ one  hundred  and  fifty- 
•one  thousand  dollars,  and  the  state  has  already  anthorizcd,  to  h% 
made  to  tbe  Iftttefi  additional  imptoven^ents  ata  great  outlay;  io 
trne  is  she  to  respoiid  to  the  calls  of  the  nttfortunate  insane.  T)id 
Vtica  asyhim  originally  codt'  two  hnndred  thonsand  dollars,  and 
until  recently  has  been  regarded  as  a  model  institntion;  yet  tlU 
legislatnreof  Niew  York,  with  a  liberality  that  reftises  to  deny  a*iy 
expenditure  tliat  may  be  necessary  to  render  it  more  perfect  as  ani 
instrament  for  aceoniplishing  llie  beMLVoleqt*ohjeet  of  its  ereelioDp 
Lave  aatltorized  an  additioDal  exponcKture  of  seveivty-five  thou* 
iood  dollars  tbe  past  saaspci.  -> 

Tbe  Derbysliiro  lunatic  ftsyhtm,  designed  for  the  iccommodk- 

iion  of  three  hundred  patients,  and  completed  in  the  year   1851, 

cost,  including  seventy-nino  acres^of  land;  ninety  eight  thousand 

three  hundred  and  ninefy-.^ix  pounds  sterling.    Tlio  Birmrnghain 

Borougii  asylum  erected  fir  three  hundred  patientj^^  cnmnienced  (n 

3h46,  and  eani|fleted  in  1^50,  eost^sovantyfciur  thonsand  two  liun- 

i.drcd  and  tweuty-foiip  pounds.    Many  niot^  institutiiin's  of  thia  or* 

'*der  might  be  oiinmemted/  aodtlioro  ciin  never  one  be  found  of 

*  any  considerable  merir, .  t}ie  cost  of  wbieb  has  bccii  ultimately 

-luoosiired  hj  afew  ihonsand  dMllars;.  '  '> 

Vnriims  rca-ons  nmy  bo  assigned  for  the  many  impcifectiorta 
wit  c!i  .have  been  long  rnduad  ^iri-neyluiue,  protninent  aniorfg 
whichps  tlie  luck  of  c  »riftdeirco  fn,  or  the  ne^rleet  *'to  appeul  to 
(lie  nutlioHry  of  mOiHatl  riion'  wlio  hiivo  lived  la  asvlmiis  an'd 
among  the  insane,  and  who  alone  know  wlmt  the  insnno  icqitiic." 
Thtsreusok^amstrtud  hi  the  fiiKost  extent,  will  iiMleiH)  i^nibmcA  all 
.  «tber%  foi^  tlio  I<>tfi*iiwl'.  mt'diviirufen  »t  the '] 'recent  day  hto 
ivrefltnpiiii  ]>riigrb.«8,  audi  amiiuig  in  thi-lr  invest igatii^itey  n*'t«ifily 
tmxkTMMfi  tiieif  houte  ooutfrieat  to  fiiid  eut  som^ithmg  good  atiid 


40 

^^epi.  iqqq^^d  ini  th©  flup^rinrt^ifclw^!^  ?flpai?K  a»e  i»en  off  jm>  Jpjir  iip. 
i.t9riqty;j  emiqeiit,Uvthe^pTofq8aip4  tb^y-  ^^^njmwd  ojoi?  .Jijgj^pt 

^.^^m  in  tiij^ir  Jab^r  of.  ben)eTol«nce. .  -^e  ^ave  |3<?Re^  ^^o-^w^rcwld 
^,jaat  couscieAtian^Iy do  ot}a.er9^isa-->t9  b^^p^a^  advisee ppifiioooA ,ff 
^,|;^ uaiaformedagaiapt tb^ird  womld  baMe l^oeasucb^; palpably  cr- 
i^qr  as  an  enljghfpi^od  g^qmi^^nity  •  opuld  ^¥|9r  fprgiVie:  ai)d'<t^e 
^fi^t  r^cQinpensQ  of  thfdt  error  ^ould  be  notlung  les^  tba*  ao  W* 
^ualifidd  verdiqt  from  yofu-^lTp^,  ijbi^  we  ba;?e  be^u  JUifai^ul 
^rvjujts.  ^ 

, .  lo  4ettHng  nrppn  a  plan  ibor  thifi  asylum,  ibe  Oommisnoaara  bad 
io  [d^fiide  wb^etber  tbey  ^oald  Jiave  ccnBtnioted  .«  bttildiiig..at 
small  expense,  poBsessing  very  limited  goi»d  qualities  aikd  OBafioii- 
^Offss,  or  such  a  building,,. at  greater  cost,  as  would  meet  tbajafg^ro- 
jbation  of  tbp^e  wibo  be0t  Jqipw  what  is  needed,  and  wbicb  woald 
Tiot  be 'immediately  pbnpxious,  and  Bubjeot  to  reyision,  qbapgj^.i^r 
^tptfil  abaxidonmecit.  We  cbose  tbe  latter,  and  as  yet  jt^avi^  fQUfyl 
;po  just  cai^se  to  r<?gret  our  chqice, 

.    In  tbe;  prpfteoution  of  tbis  ^ubiq^s,  wo  bave  at  all  times  be^ 

aided  by  tbe  Superintendent^  and  to  bim  we  ^oet  accord  rnnob 

.ibr   tbe   energy    aod   faitbfulneBa*  wbicb   bave     cbaracterisea 

bis    labors.    His  position  in  years   past   bas    been   anch,  ;that 

American  and  Englisb  Journals  of  Insanity,  focm  no  iaocmaide- 

^.rfible  portion  of  tbe  reading  matter  of  bis  library.    His  tboivngb 

.  knowledge  of  the  plans  and  ispcicificatiops,  ^^d  tbe    practiqfd 

] workings ot  a  ^elQmizQd  structure,  has  been  to  us  of  greatvaloB, 

«and  liis  energy  aad  ability  bave  been  f^Uy  .equal^led  by  bis  ui^- 

I  form  kindness. 

In  conelosiciii,  (bbe  Commissicmers  wonid  say,  in  tbe  lengnage  6f 

jQr.  Kirkbride^ ''  The  plan  wilLbe  fiMuid^  it  is  believed,  to  giw  at 

^^<8Kn«ill  a  cost  as  sm  effect  tb#  ebjeefc  tbcarQiighiy,  what  wa8>  om- 

Igtoai^  jprfiposedM  diasirable  in  m  iittpital  for  ihe  insfi^  ample 


11 

pioTifnonB  for  the  accommodation  of  the  officen  and  all  employed 
"-^everything  requisite  for  the  cnstodj,  comfort,  and  enlightened 
treatment  of  the  patients — and  arrangements  throughout  that  will 
'af(c>1^'  iiie  -floperrisioii^  icy  4}e  th^mg\t  andteflbbtJm/iiAd'tlie  ma- 
nagement liberal,  and  at  the  same  time  strictly  economical." 

Madsok,  January  1,  1855. 

SAM.  G.  BUGH, 

'  D.  6:  Tmtrif,   ^    ^  ^ 


'      '\  '         ■''"'„      Con\mi8fir6ner8'6f'Wi'8conslil  State 


liUnatic  Asylum. 


h  . 


FIBST  AN2fUAL  BEFOBT  OF  TAB  SOPESINTENDEIifT. 


To  the  Commis$wn$r$  fvf  the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Atjfln 

Giarrt.i<:](Bir :— *In  confurmity  with  section  5,  of  cha|fter  59,  of 
the  Laws  of  Wisconsin,  uppioved  MHrcli  30,  1864,  an  ^*  Act  to 
provide  for  a  State  Lunatic  Asjlum/'  I  lajr  before  jou  die  fulloir- 
ing 

REPORT: 

Under  your  instrncfions  in  the  month  of  April  last,  I  made  pub- 
lication, that  proposals  would  be  received  for  the  donation  or  pnr- 
cha'io  of  a  site  suitable  f'r  the  location  of  our  Asylum,  setting 
forth,  that  if  a  sitD  for  such  Asylum,  nuder  the  act  wpproved  bj 
the  Giiveruor,  should  be  donatid  or  could  be  purchastd  f  »r  a  sum 
not  exceeding  iifti^'en  hiiitdted  dolhuSi  the  Asylum  should  be  lo- 
cated at  or  in  the  vicinit}*  of  MsidJMin. 

•  Slu»rtly  after  such  publication,  very  many  liberal  CimTnunica- 
lions,  werQ  received  by  me  from  diffL-rent  portions  of  the  state, 
vrhicli  I  had  the  lumor  to  lay  before  ,\ou. 

The  late  Henry  K.  lloll-y,  E-q  ,  as  ynu  are  aware,  made  us  art 
offer  of  one  hundred  acres  «»f  laml,  at  tif  een  dollars  per  acre,  at 
five  miles  diatance  from  Madison,  and  command. ng  a  line  view  of 
the  vilhigo. 

Me^srs.  Catlin  &  Williamson  prosontcd  for  con-idcation  cer- 
tain de8C!ihed  l.inds,  ranging  fro  n  ten  to  fifieen  dollars  per  acre. 

The  offer  of  Ex  Govcrn«»r  Rirwell  of  two  tract:}  of  laiul  con- 
taining each  one  huinlro  I  acres  one  tract  as  a  do.mtioii,  the  other 
nt  titteen  dollars  per  acre  ;  the  prop  .gal  of  James  UicliHrdMin  & 
0».  t»f  a  heauriful  sl^e  on  the  soiirh-east  shore  of  Third  Lakf,  con- 
fa'ninga  little  more  than  0:10  huu.hvd  acies,  offi^vdat  a  sacritit-o^ 
but  at  a  price  somewhat  exceeding  the  liuiiration  of  the  act ;  tho 


1?» 

prppojA^^in  of  Mps^rt.  ViHa  &  Wiirameon  of  a  quarter  eecHon,  or 
s  uiirrio,i;dierw  tf,  &>tir  miles  frun  Mad  soHi  and  coiniaanding  aQ 
«x,rf)ii^ive  tyfVi'poiBt  of  llm  aurroii^^ling  ooimfrj  ;  the  vorj  liberal 
cffer  of  Jhiiiuh  B.  Martin,  E^q  «  of  Milwaiikde,  on  his  purchase  of  ' 
thii  Pirt  \7iniehi.^»  R^^erbatioa,  with  his  proffwTi  of  uioiicy  to  ' 
A'd  i'l  tlit^  «iri«ciii  of  the  Ati^^lnm,  an<l  tlia  uso  and  Dccupati.m  of 
bull  iin;{s  for  tc  iiporary  ac;o:nniodiition ;  tlio  oficr  of  Mussra. 
Krk,    HiUiSv't  &  NiM-ri-*,  of  Ssiuk  county  ;  and  tlio  proposal,  of  D. 
W/Joies  &  II,   II.  (inn\  with  liberal  offers  of  donations.    AH 
tlieife^iiavi|i^  been.yir^'ed  in  f u  1  oil  the  journal  of  our  proceed*  \ 
inpfs,  noe<l  bur  a  br  ef  enumeration  hero. 

,llii<}er  Jhe.pr«»visi>na  4if  the  '^  Act  to  provide  for  a  Srate  Lunatic 
A^ili^y'l/' shou|<l  a  ^ito.84lilaUlc^  forfucli  pi)rposo  be  donated,  in 
tlik;  yiju^i'ir^  uf  MajisoUt  or  jiurcha-^cd  fur  a  sum  not  exceednig '' 
fiftf^n,  l\iin  lr«;d  d  •Ihir-'y  ihtoi  it  became  iucunibcnt  upon  you  to 
locate  KiiiJ  Asyhiuf-at  or  in  the  vicinit\'  of  Madison. 

Aft^r  haviii|r'viHi^ii^l  with  you,tiie  severa}  locatio.is  ofifjredt  pn- 
der  xqnr  ju^JUi'ti'aiis  I  n>»ti!ii  d  Mr.  Karwell,  tliat  the  one  hundred  ^ 
acre,T'C{.  of  laud  whicti  he  had  oSered  to  tJie  stat«^  f  »r  the  sum  of  ' 
fifti^isi^  luiiiU  ed  dollars*  had  been  aiccepted  by  the  CommissionerS| 
and  -arp/'-ved  of  b\'  tlieti  vernor.  Under  tlia  advice  of  the  At- 
toptt^M  («cnl*ra^  a  def<l  of  ^eouvi^ytince  wa«  made  to  the  state,  aa 
order  f  r  tlni  purdiase  ni'Uicy  ^irawi^  and  tbe  dtcd  recorded. 

UiHlt-r  a  resolution  pushed  hy  your  board,  and  by  the  advico/of 
tho  frt'ViTnor.  von  are  aware  that  I  vi^ite.I  most  of  the  s'milar  ii)« 
atitiitions  iu  iho  Unicud  S  ates,  and  i^pon  my  return  laid  befuro 
yoii  a  plan,  wli  cli  wjb  a<l  pred  bv  you  wiihout  reservation. 

In  thy^  o  1  l.ty  r  qiire  I  for  the  es  ablisliment  of  our  institution 
and  the  plan  adopted,  it  4nay  apjtear  to  some  wiio  are  iH»t  famil- 
iav'Wirb.  rlivi  luiniburuf  insane  in  our  state,  that  we  are  mak'ng  ar* 
rai^Mie  its  beyo  id  our  neceso' tics.  Prtn  the  statistics  and  retittn) 
that  tiavvj  been  nnide  ti»  jne  during  the  pa^t  year,  I  am  s;it!sHed 
that  \rj  have  in  this  stite  at  least  one  bniidred  patient.'*,  who,  by 
nc^tct^t  in  iheii*  trea  ment,  may  l»ecome  incurable.  As  to  tho 
in  re  item  of  ex}>on>e  in  the  |  Itn  nco^nmcndt^d  by  mc^  I  cannot 
inure,  fyllj!  s.^1  forth  iiiy  viuws  than  by  u  quotation  from  a  jcport  of 


a cKdBngpished phyaicianl  anyone  wBose  eanc^fibn  ahd'^^'^'ejt-  * 
p^Vie6c^  in  tlie  treatment  of  iusanitj  mus^  entiVte' htt  6|&^}6>n^  i^  ' 
great  consideration.  I  refef  t(flbr.  Lnfh^r  V .'  fe^tt,  of  lEate^ftitt::  * 
setts,    fie  says : 

./^It'  would,  aa  formerly,  not  be  di^chlt'  to  denmhsti^ate  ttrf  iraWe'  ' 
o/  libspltal  treatment,  and  eppecially  of  earty  6u1^jectio)l'  io  ih'e 
ns^  of  means :  bnt  the  day  has  passed  wh^  thet^ommti'iiitjr  Hfieldti  * 
sqggestions  orinstmctions'on  these  points,  'aiid'  for  veAfi  CHis  M^*"' 
lam  lias  been  so  overcrowded,  that  the'  anxiety  of  it^  niana^M'' ' 
has  been  rather  to  keep  down,  tlian  fo  angihent'  &e  lihmbd^  6fftk  ' 
spplicantd."  , 

^'Hie  most  essential'  drawback  to  the  falfest  amoQiit'6f  ptibtfc 
goodattained  by  the  Insane  Hospital^  of  the'cdutitky,  re^iiivieCr^ 
as^a  whole,  obtains  in  the  erroneous  belief, ' or  "^at'leart  tk^  titl^aH' ' 
assumption  of  a  possibility  tliat  this  Aass  of  fAstitilHotiK  ciui'  De*  ' 
carried  on  fairly  and  justly  under  an^  s'u6l'outlW]^bf  ih^tfna'iil^  ' 
wpuldbe  measured  by  the  ordiiiary  sdpjidrt  6f^ibd(viduftftdliliViiii^ 
health  and  reason,    ^e  cannot  be  tBo'grateml  ftiat  it^M\iWdcf  ' 
those  who  have  directed  the  affair^'  of  tUi^  afyluiti'  ha^e^'nbt^ir' 
8t6pped  at  this  nominal  accomplfshben't,  btt'hayd  iliM^at'atlaiik-  ' 
ing  the  "highest  realities  of  their  professed  ends^  a  cob^timVbiitiiJa  ' 
ovAj  to  be  sought  in  the  decision  that  J'us't  SO  miich  mdtiey  shatt'bd' ^ 
fraely  expended  as  can  be  wisefly  applied  to'tHcf'obj66t*'        *         ' 

*'As  the  commtinities  called  to  provide  for  tbe  insane,  advandi 
in  familiarity  with  this  duty  and  in  means  to  meet  it,  tlie  ^atal'er^ 
ror  of  cheap  institutions  will  ceastW  exist — an  error  involving* 
not  merely  tte  negative  objection  of  feaving  the  preStimt^flVe  '• 
€nds  of  hospital  treatment  unfulfilled,  but  thel' positive  hazard 
of  accidents,  compromising  not  oAly  the  instiiution  ihimediat^iy 
concerned,  but  the  usefulness  and  reputation  of  the  v^hote  cta^.**' ' 
*^It  would' b9  a  happ^  conviction  upon  the  minds  of  legistators^  ' 
and  communities,  could  they  be  pursuaded  that  bekWefeh  no 'pro-  ^ 
yisbn  at  a1(  of  a  public  kind  for  the  Insane,  and  a  par6ifti6ii!6'afir, 
•tinted  and  inefficient  imitation  of  a  r^al' provision' — th^'forni^'  * 
evil  is  infinitely;  t^e  least!    A  Cpunty,  orTowd;  or^SWti'iiiajf^'dlg. ' ' 
nify  a  part  or  Uie  whole  of 'some  custodial  r^cb'ptli6I&%^'  i^ftaU-   * 


1*^ 

aad  curators  of  the  unfortanate,  or  eyen  the  friends  aUS  iliiUttiVM^^ 
is^*  i^^M^tH!l7J'<Mr<k^fl  6«If^stetiU^  <BdV6,  nhciipt  mth.  ^tibstMi- 
1i«M( H^B  fifll  fl«!^tMM^bf  iMit  tWgAdoii ;  biili'eV^Vy  p^tMi  vtMl 
gftridtf  ah'bcuy^ri^fldetidn  «^^!i6  ihlitter,  and c(MpAte»  tlie  cdi^t^ of ^ 
p^M^fii  heMlbf,  «M  ^f  tfie  }tMa^6'tmdei*^€(\^eii  ibte'minitxitim  outp- 
lay for  mere  custody,  to  say  nothing 'of  Atn^lIOiiatlLM  wddlalre;' 
citdW6tl>^V8M  ffieiitt^ke^MIitjf^  6f  'd^h^  Ja8ti6et6  fte  itm^ne  <in 
atiiM^  plMi:'  GknikiMn!fie6<.pr^ptirfb^f(>rptohrisioti^^  this  dicuM^^ 
have  been  led  into  wofal  miscalcolations  on  tbl^  sttVJett."'  '  ! 

«I  |]fi^eii«  titiii*  c(ttGrtiltiett  iioil<  iii'^icteuMtion  of  Aie  cost  of  the 
bttlMittg,^  bttt  sfanplj^'torpteto  npcm  i^ecdrd,-  t^at  in  my  conne^itSdft 
with  an  institution  of  this  kind,  I  could  not  cbnscientlbdsly 'ti6^  ^ 
c<mtii^fed  a'pDMf  4hM  <v0(>ttldMtrcMK3^'6M  fully  tj^  gp'dattiltiMafte 
eilll^ttig^eA  io'l)^  AM^te^ilibed  ifl  the  eumtiy^'ii'Q^atnienlrof  the'i 
Insane.    In  mMftitig  tkil^'plsfa*  P  weA  goreriield  chiefly  %y  ihe  fcl^  ^ 
Io0i»^rss0tatmi%  ,i«b]^  aftflk*  itia|um!dsbsideriti0B,.W6iiD  uiaifi- 
n)OTfiiy,ade|^te4  byf^^TheiAfl0doiatk>iiiof  ,Mie«^    fiiipetutteinbiitv)! 
off  A«fteiii(ian.l9sftiltall6^a  for thd) Insane,"  aaA  dinecte^to  beYil}>f> ) 
lis}idd.«]«(tbd;M$dkiid'.Ji»qrlhils  oS.iih%^OmlAimfiim\dMBmtimmtA'i 
of  the  association  OH) tho:fl«Ajeetrefifit^ito«  i        J 


L    Ey«^  liofet^iftJ  ftl^tbe'  insane  shoulti  be'ih  the  country,  not  ' 
within  less  than  two  miles  of  a  large  town,  and  easily  accessible  " 

H.    No  hdspitHWbrthe  inirttte','  WweverlliiiUcd  Its  capacityV^ 
should  have  less'tliUi  fiVfy  Hct^  of  Isind',  deVoted  to  g&rdens  and''^ 
ptsaMk^'^i^uAiibrifis'pikttct^^^^  ^At  feast  6n6  biindted  ictis 
should  be  possessed  by  every  State  hospital,  or  other  institntibii'^ 
fart^  hmmdfred'plati^nte,  to  wlfici  tiatnb&r  t]ie6e'propo3itions'Bp- 
pl|f^  uii)ebs'i>thei*#ill6'iiient!t>tted.  '    ' 

IIL    )iMiL82iAiottld''b«  pt^tideft  tofaiso'  t^u  tbbbsatid  guStotxn'*^ 


the  ))ui|dii^ ' 

ly.  N«i  hospital  for  jthe  ir>8^nQ  ^ic^iM  be  iMAUti  ^*itW>^  tk^ 
p}}>ii  I^VM^  b^Ci;  tii'gt  subiuitteil  <Q»MH9;plAiifr:filH^  ^£  |ilif  f^ciiiiH^ 
vrlio  l)uyc.  l^ud  cliurge  of  li  fiiiiii^ar  4^-t4'Wi/UUMiei*t9'i>r,a''«^ j<rii«  ticMl)/ 
ac4imiiutcil  with  all  ho  det^iUpt;  their  airriiiigju^^ii^i  ani}  fiem^vod 
Li^j  r  tbeir  Cu'il  a()|>iuUf  tuu.  .  ,  ■    t. 

Y.  The  hi^li«^<^t  liUiubi^i*  Uiat  fCaQ  with,  proiMittv  be  trortted  irv 
o^ebuihiing,  U  two  huudn^d^i^d.lirtj,  whil«i.t>i'o.  bmM)rA:d  in  a 
piffenihlo  iimxiiiiiMU.  .♦.,*:=       /  •    .' 

.y^..    All  i>uyli  iuiildiiied  <»|ioHld >9.<K>'M^mPtfld  oCnt^r^i^qr  M^k, 
Lav^  fihUu  or  nuitalio  lOt  iVi.Hud.  i^  far  i*§.  puoiiiUe,  bo  ihHdu^tfW.r^. 
fi^MP  vccidouta.bj  Ji;-o. ..  i  .;     .   .  ..|  ,  •.  ^.... 

,  Yll.  Every  lK>«i>ir«l,haiviiix  {MTv^^i^^P'^Mf' ^h:«»  J»WA4f<^  ^wui«fi> 
patients,  ibhouU  luive  iii  it  ut,]f»;^>t  d^U  diit^iiiiit  Mar^^  (^jV.  uacU 
Bex,  luakiui^^ixtue^i.cl^iAc^e&iu  tbe  Qufji^'uoi^t^hMHWMt*  wl 

Yli.i  Eavh.wnixl  bbiHikl  hoi'e  iiiita  pivlor,  auorriilw.'^ng^O 
lodgiilg  nu>ni8,tor  }iatiieaiii,  tiir  .a^<>ci.tted  durinit  •4jr/t'<tnkwiifiroA*> 
tiiigmritb  a  cli  uiibur  Am*  two  utie^daiitii:  a  «i»»t4iiVfi«<uit,  a  bilJi* 
rodui^  awatcrtcloier^  adiiiiib'M'iiiti^^  Mi«4a  ii,«H4iiii(ig  tubo'l«aliiig 
to  the  kiteheii,  or  other  coiiimt  |iit  t  V  ifio  lMiSIJhi<f* 

IX  No  a|)arriiieiit4  sliouhl  ever  bo  provi  KmI  fur  the  coiifine- 
moiitof  inv  ieiits,  ur  a^  thi^ir  loJ^.{ig  rop;^^  tjiat^ry  ii»>(  i^fit'irJ/ 
above  g<(iiiii(L 

X.  Nil  cl  1-8  of  rno:n«  eliMil  hevcr  be  c  •nsfrncted  withotit  8  una 
kuul  of  window  iti  each,fei>.iiiiiaiijCiUiiig.dir^»:t  jr  i^-jj^  ijui  v^tura- 
al  atuiodtihero. 

XL  N  •  chuinSor  for  the  ii-o  of  a  8iiigle  pntient  shouUl  ever  i}fy 
)c88  ihaii  eiglil  hv  umi  feet,  nor  ahoiil  I  ihu  Cv  iUn;r  «if  ^ny  nlory  oc- 
Cilpie  I  hy  |.tttii?nr»  be  loss  than  twi  Ive  (ect  iti  hei};lir.      , ,. 

XIL.  The  ll^or  vt'  |mt.cu  «'  apjirtiuvntn  tdipiild  always  be  ol 
vood. 

XIjI.    The  sfaii'.vny'j  sh  iiM  jdways  l»c  of  iron,  Htiw.^r  />!hcr 
imlestnic  ihle  mileria',Mni|ile  m  s  kl-  luid  aiiduiiiubc  vai«d4;M8y  jof 
a^tut,  loaffiird  cunvenieiu  vgrcn*  ia  ^a9^  %«i;atotidciAt  IVmIii  lira.. ' 


Tt 

XIV.  A  htfge  hospital  ahottld  cansisl  tt  a  msin  central  bolld- 
iBj^  with  wings. 

XY.  The  mfdn  eentral  building  sht^nld  contain  the  offices,  re* 
ceiYing  rooms  for  company,  and  apartments  entirely  prirate^  fcr 
the  snperintendingphysician  and  his  &milj,  in  case  that  offieerre- 
sides  in  the  hospital  building. 

%XVL  Hie  wings  should  be  so  arranged  that,  if  rooma  aro 
placed  on  both  aides  of  a  corridor  the  corridors  should  be  furnish- 
ed at  both  ends  with  movable  glazed  sashes,  for  the  tree  admission 
of  both  light  and  air. 

XYII*  The  lighting  should  be  by  gas,  on  acooxmt  of  its  conye- 
nience,  cleanliness,  safety,  and  economy. 

AVJULL  The  apartments  for  washing  clothing,  &c.,  should  be 
detached  from  the  hospital  building, 

TTTY,  The  drainage  should  be  under  ground,  and  all  the  inlets 
to  the  sewers  should  be  properly  secured  to  prevent  o£fensiye  em- 
anations. 

XT.    AH  hospitals  diould  be  warmed  by  passing  an  abundance 

of  pure,  fresh  air  from  the  external  atmosphere,  over  pipes  or 
plates,  containing  steam  under  low  pressure,  or  hot  water,  the 
temqerature  of  which  at  the  boiler  does  not  exceed  919^  F.,  and 
placed  in  the  basement  or  cellar  of  the  bulling  to  be  heated. 

XXl  A  complete  system  of  forced  yentilation,  in  connection 
with  the  heating,  is  indispensable  to  give  purity  to  the  air  of  a  hos- 
pital for  the  insane;  and  no  expense  that  is  required  to  effect  this 
object  thoroughly  can  be  deemed  either  misplaced  or  injudicious. 

Xxn.  The  boilers  for  generating  steam  for  warming  the  build* 
ing  should  be  in  a  detached  structure,  connected  with  which  may 
be  the  engine  for  pumping  water,  driving  the  washing  apparatus^ 
and  other  machinery. 

XXJiT.  All  water-closets  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  made  of 
indestructible  materials,  be  simple  in  their  arrangements,  and 
have  a  strong  downward  ventilation  connected  with  them. 

XXIV.  The  floors  of  bath-rooms,  water  closets,  and  basement 
stories,  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  made  of  materials  that  will 
not  absorb  moisture. 

a 


19 

XXY.  Ihe  vardfl  £>r  tbe  voml  coccitod  tkm  thmild  be  con- 
Btnicted  with  rooms  on  but  one  etde  of  a  corridor,  not  less  than 
t«  feet  wide,  the  external  windows  of  "wbkk  ehonld  be  kige,  and 
hare  pleasant  views  from  them. 

ZXYL  Wherever  practicable,  the  pleasure  groonds  of  a  hos- 
pital for  the  insane  shoald  be  sarronnded  by  a  substantial  wall, 
so  placed  as  not  to  be  unpleasantly  yisible  from  the  buildiii^.     , 

Institiitions  for  the  insane  are  now  being  erected  or  completed 
in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  two  in  Ohio,  in  Alabama  and  other 
states,  which,  in  the  principle  of  their  constraction  deviate  bat 
slightly  from  the  building  now  being  erected  by  ns.  Should  the 
plan  of  this  asylum  be  carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  specific 
cations,  we  will  have  an  institntion  of  such  a  character  as  will  re- 
flect honor  upon  our  state,  and  at  no  greater  outlay  than  is  neces- 
sary to  obtain  the  important  object  we  have  in  view. 

In  a  report  of  this  character  It  cannot  be  expected  that  I  should 
give  a  detailed  account  of  the  plans,  drawings  and  specifications 
of  the  building.  They  are,  as  you  are  aware,  open  for  examina- 
tion, at  the  asylum  office,  and  accessible  to  all.  To  give  a  general 
idea  of  the  arrangement,  I  would  state  very  briefly,  that  the  build* 
ing  will  be  of  stone,  consisting  of  a  basement  and  two  principal 
stories  in  every  part,  except  the  centre  and  projecting  portions  of 
tbe  wings,  which  will  rise  higher.  On  tbe  centre  building  will  be 
a;  dome  in  which  will  be  placed  the  water  tanks.  Ventilating 
shafts  will  terminate  on  the  projecting  portions  of  the  wings  and 
in  the  central  dome.  The  centre  building  separates  the  two  sexes, 
and  OA  either  side  of  it  are  three  ranges  of  wings.  The  first  range 
is  separated  from  the  centre  building  by  a  space  eight  feet 
wide,  and  the  other  ranges  fall  back  sufficiently  &r  to  leave  the 
eorridars  open  at  both  extremities,  giving,  when  completed,  e%ht 
distinct  wards  for  each  sex,  besides  accommodations  for  more  vio^ 
lent  patients.  The  cellar  is  excavated  throughout  its  whole  extent, 
in  which  are  the  air  chambers,  reservoirs,  passages  by  railways  for 
conveying  food  from  the  kitchen  to  the  different  dumb  waiters  be- 
tween it  and  the  extreme  wings,  purposes  of  ventilation,  i&c    AU 


r 


19 

wiamuf  turmagmmmiB^yriA  IbMe  for  hMtfaf,  gts^mOdiig';  ted 
proraring  water  for  the  esteblUbtuent^  Md  iadeed  wliereTer  ft* 
18  requiiite,  occupy  a  difttmct  bailding  from  tire  ftsyMm.  AH  pipei, 
flneBy  dbcy  will  be  eendiieted  by  arch-ways  txytbemahkbtiildiBg, 

13ie  architectural  front  of  the  building  is  plain  and  in  good  taste. 
The  portico  has  been  dispensed  with,  as  being  too  costly  and  des- 
troying the  npper  portion  of  the  bQilding.  A  double  yerandah 
ikiade  of  iron,  six  feet  wide^  has  been  subfititated  in  its  stead  Hm 
plan,  as  you  are  aware^  waa  pre][>ared  by  Sloan  and  Stewart,  archi- 
tects of  Philadelphia ;  and  their  drawings  and  specifications  are 
admirably  executed,  and  as  full  and  specific  as  could  be  desired. 
The  great  responsibility  which  under  your  kind  confideace  has 
rested  upon  me  in  maturing  a  plan  for  our  State  Lunatic  Asylum 
would  necessarily  compel  me  to  avail  myself  of  all  the  improye- 
ments  of  the  day,  in  the  medical  and  moral  treatment  of  this  class 
of  patients.  Apart  from  this  important  and  responsible  yiew  of 
the  subject,  T  cannot  but  feel  pride  that  this  institution  should  keep 
pace  with  the  growing  increase  and  prosperity  of  our  State. 

To  Dr.  lliomas  S.  Eirkbride,  of  Philadelphia,  superintendent]of 
the  Pennsylyania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  I  am  under  deep  obliga- 
tions for  the  assistance  he  has  rendered  me  in  furthering  the  ob- 
ject I  had  in  yiew;  To  Dr.  Luther  Y.  fiell  of  Massachusetts,  Dr. 
Chandler  of  Worcester,  Dr.  Nichoh  of  Washington,  Dr.  Battolph 
of  New  Jersey,  Gen.  McDonald  of  Flushing,  Dr.  Ghoate  of  Taun- 
ton, and  others,  I  am  under  obligations  for  kind  attentions  in  aid- 
ing me  to  carry  out  the  object  of  my  mission. 

And  here  I  would  take  occasion  to  express  my  deep  sense  of  the 
compliment  paid  me  by  the  governor,  and  yourselves  in  your 
prompt  appproval  of  the  plan  of  the  Asylum,  as  laid  before  you. 

As  your  report  will  show,  the  contract  for  the  building  was 
awarded  to  Andrew  Proudfit,  Esq.,  and  Z  am  most  happy  to  testify 
to  the  commendable  industry  and  diligence  with  which  he  has  been 
forwarding  the  work.  A  large  portion  of  materials  is  already  up- 
on the  ground  ;  and  should  early  and  necessary  appropriations  be 
made  the  present  session,  which  cannot  be  too  strongly  urged,  I 


•0 

Mi  cepfid^t  tbat  tke  bufldidg  umj  be  nady  &at  tbe  receptum  of 
potiant  before  the  period  contemplated  under  the  contract, — aad 
oerMoly  ^  hirge  nonber  of  patients  of  this  class,  already  in  our 
Stats,iihoald  have  some  ckim  upon  the  sympathy  of  onr  l^^lators. 
Madibok,  January  1, 1855. 

GEO.  B.  MoLANE, 
.  Superintendent  Wis.  State  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Xo  Messrs.  Bvas,  YrrruK  and  Sanbobit, 

Oommissioners. 


SEVENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT 


or  TBS 


BOARD   OF   REGENTS, 


Of  THX 


MIVERSITY  OF  WISCONSm, 


FOB  THE  TEAB  ENDING  DEO.  81,  18M. 


MADISON: 

BEBTAH  BSOWK,  PSnrTBR< 


*    I 


I 


,>    . 


i     I  ? 


r 


UWIVBBSITT  OF  W1BOON8IN,   FflBBTTABT  13,  1855. 

To  His  EzGELLBzror,  Wm.  A.  Babstow, 

Oovemor  qf  the  StaU  of  Wisoonsin: 

Id  accordance  with  the  law  I  transmit  to  yon,  herewith,  the 

seventh  annual  report  of  the  Regents  of  the  Uniyersitj,  and  have 

the  honor  to  be, 

Most  Eespectfnlly, 

Tour  Obedient  Servant, 

JOHN  H.  LATHROP, 

PrmderU  qf  ih$  BoQfrd. 


REGENTS'  REPORT. 


Do  rsB  LaoiauLTVBM  m  thb  Stats  ov  'WiBOonBnr : 

Hie  BegentB  of  the  IJniyersitj  make  thiiy  their  Berenth  an* 
nual 

REPORT: 

That  the  portion  of  the  edacational  intererest  of  the  state  whieh 
has  been  committed  to  their  care,  has  received^  since  the  date  of 
the  last  annual  report,  the  attention  which  the  importance  and 
the  exigencies  of  the  trust  seemed  to  demand. 

The  finances  of  the  University  have  steadily  improred  during 
the  past  year.  The  original  land  endowment  is,  by  sale  and  in" 
-vestment,  passing  into  the  productive  form,  and  an  additional 
grant  from  congress  during  the  present  session,  will,  when  brought 
into  the  market,  add  materially  to  the  educational  capabilities  of 
be  Institution.  The  following  schedule  will  sot  forth  the. 
financial  condition  of  the  University  on  the  first  of  Jannary^ 
18W. 

ff  BBSOUBCEB. 

Proceeds  of  University  lands  sold  and  invested,  $161,000  Ofr 
Yalue  of  balance  of  same,  (unsold,)  19,000  00* 

Probable  value  of  recent  grant,  (unsold,)  120,000  00 

Buildings  and  fixtures,  40,000  00 

Grounds  enclosed,  45,000  00 

Library  and  Cabinet,  4,000  00 

Total  resources.  $389,000  00 


-» 

6 

MABna-iiKs. 

Loan  from  School  fund, 
do        University  fnnd, 
do        J.  D.  Ledyard, 

Total  liabilities,  ' 

$25,000  00 

15,000  00 

5,000  00 

I 

$4:5,000  00 
Balance  1344,000  00 

It  will  be  seen,  from  the  above  statement,  that  the  institution 
i8  now  emerging  from  the  embarrassments  attendant  on  the  period 
of  converting  a  l^d,  ^Twoo^at  vakf>  ^  productive  foriHy  aad; 
erecting  the  buildinp:s.  The  endowment,  however,  i§,  to  the 
extent' of  one  lialf,  dtlU  unp'roductive ;  and  the  income  of  what  is 
already  productively  invested  is  burdened  with  the  payment  of 
the  annual  interest  on  the  debt  incurred  in  the  acquisition  of  the 
grouhds,  and  the  constrnotioil  of  the  buildings.  In  addttii^n  to 
tWs,  the  piiymorit  ot  tiid  principal  itself  of  these  liabilitiea,  must 
bb  provid4id  for  from  thid  etame  annual  income.  It  is  obvious  that 
until  the  debt  be  discharged',  a  considerable  portion  of  the  annual 
rev6Qn^  of  the  institution  must  be  diverted  to  that  use.  It  is, 
tbc^reifoye,  important  that  the  statement  of  the  gross  ultimate  ca- 
jiafbillttes  of  Uie  University  should  not  beget  an  impatience  fbr  im- 
Blie4i^te'and  brilliant  restilts.  A  few  years  of  cautions  administni- 
tkm  oi  its  aflWrs  will  be  necessary  to  disencumber  *  its  revenue  ot 
the  deb*  ^hich  is  now  lying  upon' it,  a'nd  to  realize  the  whole  land 
endowment  in  the  productive  form ;  enabling  it  to  accotnplish,  in 
the  cause  of  education,  all  that  has  been  reasonably  anticipated' 
from  an  institution  thus  founded  and  'thus  endowed.  Until  such 
timeV'it  is  not  tfaQ  intentjion  of  the-  board  to  divert  any  portioB  of 
its  income  to  the  support  of  profesaional  departments  of  Law  and 
of  Medioine.  As  the  gbarier  provides  no  building  fimd,  aside 
Irow  th/e*  ipoome  of  the  University  endowment^  it  will  be  the  gen- 
eral policy  of  the  board  not  to  proceed  to  the  erection  of  the 
other  buildings  comprised  in  the  plan,  until  the  liabilities  already 
incurred  shall  be  discharged;    and  thereafter,  only  as  surplus 


oilier  an^m^rsiitiipoplkiitiasei.  "  <     i 

•  in  ^ihm  «eaiiflme^  the.  atlention  of  tbe'  boaM '  vill  b^  iMi&ljr 
dvoeted  t»  the  anUrafaoemoBt  aud  el)iiipl6tion  of  the  deparftmewti 
of  M  Soieaee^  Literjrtnre,  m&d  Arti^^'  fubrriishing  the  meatib  of  liberal 
education  to  the  young  mind  of  the  joommuility.  This  depart-: 
Toeafsxaaptims  pre^Acatoiy  and  eoUegisti  cotirsea  of  inetnictidn, 
tJMBfeaimMHEt  Jbo  tbose  presbribed  in'the  pldei*  inetituflionb  of  learn- - 
ia|B;-m  tfaeooQttttj*  Si^ot  .pootioi^  of  Uiese  courses  may  "be  pur- 
anfed  &n  eonnerioik  with  the  •regular  olaseee,  by  thoeo  who  do  Hipt 
(fasign  to  prosecute  their  studies  through  to  gradualiioii. 
'  At  the  beginning  6f  «thQ  the  year  1868:,  lihe  Faculty  of  tlic  Uni- 
v^itj  connsted  of  J.  H.  Lajthttop,  Ohancellor  and  Pifofessor  of 
"Ethics,  Civil  Polity  and  Economy;"  J.  W.  Sterling,' Pnsrfossor 
of  "  Mathematics  andNatutBl  Philosophy;"  O,  M,  Conorer^  'Pro- 
saor  of  ^'  Aiiciaut  Languages  and  Litoiiature,"  aad  8.  H.  jCarpen^ 
ter,  Tutor.  The  board  at  their  last  annual  meeting  made  choice 
of  S.  P.  tatkrop^  M,  D.,  of  Beloit,  to  fill  the  chair  of  Chemistry 
aChd  JS^fitural  History  in  the  UniTeraity ;  who  entered  on  his  dutiea 
in  May,  1854,  which  he  continued  to  dischare  till  near  the  close  of 
the  first  term  of  the  current  collegiate  year.  Sy  tlie  decease  of 
Pfofeaaor  L«tii»>p,  on-the  25th  of  Docember,  the  institution  lo  st 
t|ie  services  of  aa  able  and  devoted  officer,  the  agricultaml  inter* 
eet,  a  aclef^tifio  friend,  and  the  State>  a  useful  and  influential  citi« 
zpa.  Tbe  vacant  canvassed  the  datms*  of  candidates,  to  secure 
an  infceiligent  and  chair  will  be  filled,  as  soon  as  theboanl  shall 
h^Te  sufficiently  safe  choice.  It  will  be  a.  part  of  the  plan  of 
tUs  d)9partmeDt,  to  offer  yearly  instiructioQ  to  f^cultural  classes 
ia  chemistry  and  its  applications. 

At  their  maeting  in  September,  the  bc^rd  made  choice  of  Pre- 
i^sor  Daniel  Bead,  L.  L.  D.,  of  Indiana  State  Uni^eraity,  for  the 
vacant  chair  of  '*  Mental  Philosophy,  Logic,  Rhetoric,  and  Eng-  ^ 
lish  Literature."    The  appointment  has'  been  accepted.  '  The  new  * 
Plr^esaM:  will  be  xnaugabated  at  tb^  next  eoosmencemenf ,  and  will 
enter  spon  his  duties  at  die  opening  of  the  nert  collegiate  year  in 


8eptem1>er.  Tbiicbair,aUy  fiHed,  wiU  add  materiitllj  to  tka  in- 
8tractional  force  of  the  institntiony  to  &o>  benefit  not  only  of  the 
regular  olaBses,  bnt  to  the  rery  great  adranlage  of  tiioee  who  are 
pomnmg  select  portions  of  the  course^  for  bosineas  pwposee,  or 
in  preparation  for  more  useful  and  efficient  employinent  in  the 
public  schodls  of  the  State. 

The  chair  of  modern  langnages  still  remain^  yaoant ;  bat  pro* 
vision  has  been  made  fi>r  special  instmction  in  the  Oetman  and 
French. languagesi  by  an  appropriation  of  $300  per  aonnm  for  that 
object.  The  executiye  committee  hare  employed  Dr.  JT.  P. 
Fuchs  to  render  this  service  to  the  institution,  until  the  chair  be 
fiUed.  He  is  in  the  daily  instruction  of  two  classes,  and  the  board 
have  reason  to  believe  that  his  instructions  are  highly  and  justly 
appreciated.  ' 

Mr.  S.  H.  Oarpenter  resigned  the  tutorship  at  commencement 
in  July,  and  his  valuable  services  have  been  replaced  by  the  ap- 
pointment of  Mr.  A.  L.  Smith  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Under  his  in- 
structions, the  preparatory  department  is  in  effective  condition, 
and  increased  numbers  are  in  a  course  of  preparation  for  the  col- 
lege classes. 

The  loan  of-  $15,000,  from  the  principal  of  the  University  fund 
for  building  purposes,  offered  by  the  legislature  at  their  last  ses- 
sion, was  accepted  by  the  board ;  and  is  in  process  of  application, 
in  the  erection  of  the  second  collegiate  edifice.    The  work  will  be 
completed  according  to  contract,  on  the  first  day  of  June  next, 
and  will  be  ready  for  occupation,  at  the  opening  of  the  next  coliegl 
ate  year  in  September.    By  reference  to  the  report  of  the  building^ 
committee,  hereunto  appended  it  will  be  seen  that  the  cost  of  the 
work  will  exceed  the  amount  of  the  loan  by  $8000.    This  deficit  to- 
gether with  the  cost  of  superintendence,  furnaces,  and  fitting  up  of 
public  rooms  for  use,  amounting,  in  all,  to  not  less  than  $4500,  must 
be  provided  for  out  of  the  income  of  the  present  year.    The  divert 
sion  of  BO  large  u  portion  of  the  income  to  extraordinary  uses,  will 
compel  the  board  to  defer  the  appointment  of  a  professor  of  mod. 
em  languages,  and  the  enlargement  of  the  library,  cabinet  and 
apparatus,  till  the  close  of  the  year. 


r 


Tbe  avftiUble  ftttkds  in  the  treasarjr  of  thd  honxd  for  the  year 
IMS,  will  be  $M  IbUowB,  (nearly) : 

Bdanee  of  ific6me  for  'S4,  in  slate  treasnry,  $1,199  IS 
Interest  for  1855,  <m  capital  fiind   iarested, 

($l«l,14e.91)                  -  $11,280  28 

Fn>iii  tuition  and  room  rent,  1,000  00 

Vrom  sales  of  University  addition,  400  00 

Interest  on  probable  sales  of  ITni  versity  lands  for  '55,  1,000  00 


Total  arailable  funds  for  *55, 

$14^809  48 

Disbareements  as  follow* : 

Interest  on  indebtedness  ($15,000), 

9,300  00 

SalarieB  of  Faculty, 

5,875  00 

Pay  of  Secretaiy,  Treasurer  and  Janitor, 

615  00 

Wood, 

300  00 

Deficit  of  building  fund,  ($15,000) 

4^500  00 

Oontingencies, 

600  00 

Total  disbareements  for  1855,  $14,490  00 

Balance  in  Treasury  Dec.  31, 1856,  $819  43. 

It  is  obyiotiB  from  the  above  statement,  that,  in  order  to  enable 
tl^e  institution  to  meet  its  liabilities,  the  whole  of  the  income  of 
the  university  fund  for  the  year  1856,  after  reserving  the  interest 
on  the  two  loans  froi^a  the  State,  should  be  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  board. 

Preliminary  measures  were  adopted  by  the  board,  at  their  Sep" 
tember  meeting,  in  reference  to  the  supply  of  boarding  for  stu- 
dents within  the  college  grounds.  The  want  of  some  provision 
of  this  character  has  been  already  felt,  and  will  become  still  more 
urgent  as  the  institution  shall  continue  to  enlarge  its  patron- 
age. The  executive  committee  have  been  charged  with  car- 
rying out  the  views  of  the  board  in  this  behalf,  as  soon  as  the 
means  of  the  University  will  justify  it. 

From  and  after  tie  present  year,  the  income  of  the  University 
fiom  the  original  land  endowment,  will  not  vary  much  from 
$1 2,600  per  annum.    By  additions  from  students  and  from  other 

a 


10 

the  instructional  force  of  the  institQ^ioi^  whWr.tb^  dl^afttd  mre.<tii  -' 
filled,  wilLbe  aboat  $800 J.  .^diAg.to.  tl^)  Ii3t0a«.far  ii^rM9»  of  ^ 
library,  apparatus  and  ^eleijJdfif  cQUeptious^  a^4  f^r  epnti»igeMi(9i|  • 
tl^  curr.enl;^xpenditures  of  the  institatioa  will  aippi^ot  tO' s^fie 
$1P,Q00  per  annum ;  leaving  a  margin  oj^  $5000|',  4>ii.(b6,pftfn9<9i4  . 
o|.  JAtexest  and  the  gradual  sinking  of'  tb^  40bL  , . .  '  t  *    ,    . 

..Paring  the  presea);^e9aion  <»f  ca^grea»  au  additi^iH^l  igrftoib  o£. 
seventy-two  sections  of  land  has  been  made,  in  farther  endow- 
ment of  the  University.  Of  this  grant,  about  forty  sections  have 
•  been  located,  and  the  residue  will  be  entered  in  the  spring.  Some 
legislation  may  be  necessary  to  protect  these  landa  from  intrusion. ' 
atd  tressjpass  duriug  the  present  year,  and  to  pri-ovide  against  any 
dtminntion  of  the  fund  by  pre-emption  claims.  When  the  selec- 
tions shall  have  been  completed,  it  will  be  sufficiently  early  to 
provide  A)r  their  appraisal  and  sale.  * 

*  After  the  reduction  of  this  new  grant  to  the  productive  form, 
and  the  Qxtlnction  of  the  debt,  the  annual  in^ooj^e  of  the  whole 
endowment  will  not  fall  short  of  §22,000;  aod  recoipt^  fi^om,  other 
sources  will  swell  this  amount  to  $25,000.  These  conditions  will 
enable  the  board  to  carry  on  successfully  the  Collegiate,  jSTormal 
and  Agricultural  departments  j  to  provide  for  the  additional 
structures  without  the  accumulation  of  debt ;  to  make  yearly  ad- 
ditions to  tlie  apparatus,  library,  cabinet  and  other  collections ; 
and  finally  to  establish  t}io  professional  schools  of  Law  and  Medi- 
cine. 

Tlie  board  are  advised  that  the  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction recommcads  ^n  appropriation  from  the  income  of  the 
school  fund  for  the  support  of  a  normal  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity, until  the  institution  shall  be  able  to  assume  the  whole  bur- 
den of  the  department.  Should  this  policy  be  adopted  by  the 
legislature,  the  board  will  provide  for  the  necessary  room  and  fix- 
tures, and  CO- operate  with  the  Superintendent  in  placing  the  de- 
partment in  the  most  efiective  condition.  A  Uk^  temporary  aid 
would  enable  the  board  to  give  earlier  effect  to  their  design  to 
make  the  University  the  proper  agricultural  college  for  the  State. 


11 

The  term  of  service  of  Regents,  Nathaniel  W.  Dean,  Hiram 
Barber,  Ohaoncey  Abbott  and  Julias  P.  Atwood,  expiree  duriog  the 
present  session  of  the  legislature.  The  charter  of  the  XJniversitjr 
deyolves  on  the  legislatnre  the  daty  of  filling  these  vacancies. 

In  order  to  a  more  detailed  understanding  of  the  condition  and 
prospects  of  the  Tlnirersitj,  the  board  append  to  ^is  report  the 
annual  communication  of  the  Chancellor,  the  reports  of  commit- 
tees, and  other  relevant  papers. 

The  board,  in  fine,  present  the  University  in  a  condition  of  sub- 
stantial prosperity,  and  hope,  by  a  careful  administration  of  the 
important  trust  reposed  in  them,  to  be  instrumental  in'^extendin^ 
its  usefulness,  and  commending  it  to  the  affection  andjjto  the  just 
pride  of  the  commonwealth. 

All  which  is  respectfully  submitted, 

JOHN  H.  LATHROP, 
CHARLES  DUNN, 
J.  D.  RUGQLES, 
ALEXANDER  T.  GRAY, 
C.  ABBOTT, 
H.  A.  WRIGHT, 
E.  WAKELEY, 
NELSON  DEWEY, 
E.  M.  HUNTER, 
N.  W.  DEAN, 
J.  P.  ATWOOD. 


APPENDIX.    • 


M     i 


IB 


To  the  Board  of  RegenU  of  tJiM  'Uhiterstii/  of  Wisconsin : 

In  accordance  with  the  statntea  of  tlie  University,  I  would  re- 
Bpectfalljr  eubmit  the  subjoined  view.of  the  condition  an^  progress 
of  the  institution,  during  the  year  ending  December  31,  1854;  and 
would  sugj^^est  such  measures  for  your  consideration,  as  appear  to 
me  to  he  conducive  to  the  great  and  interesting  object  of  our  com- 
mpn  trust.  . 

In  laying  the  foundatiorsof  an  institution  of  learning  of  the 
highest  grade,  puhlic  in  character  and  administration, intended  to 
perfect  and  to  crown  tte  system. of  public  instruction  f^r  the  State, 
it  IB  important  to  consider  that  voluntary  associations  have  alrefidy 
broken  Ihe  ground,  that  well  endowed  and  well  officered  denomi- 
national colleges,  are  in  active  and  successful  operation,  offering 
advantages*f'»r  the  ifiberal  education  of  the  youna  mind  of  Wia- 
consin.'  All  these  efibrts,  beneficent  in  tneir  immediate  results^ 
are  of  special  interest  to  us,  a^  preparing  the  way  for  a  more  am- 
ple harvest  of  dl'-tinction  and  usefulness  to  the  Univeisity,  pro- 
Vided,  that  by  adequate  public  endowments,  ample  appointments, 
and  wise  adnnnistration,  it  be  made  to  take  its  trije  position  i^s  th^ 
seat  of  liberal  learning  and  professional  culture  for  the  young  Guen 
of  the  State. 

iJB.ut  5t  is  obvious  so  remark,  that  the  University,  as  a  mere  com. 
pctitor  with  the  colleges  for  public  i'avor  and  patronage,  derives 
no  advantage  whatever,  from  tin*  niere  fact  of  its  State  connexion^ 
It  is  only  by  creating  in  the.  public  mind  the  well  founded  con- 
Tietion,  that  a  higher  style  of  I'dneatioM,  both  in  practical  valu^ 
and  in  finish,  may  be  obtained  \vi  liiri-^its  walls  than  can  bo  fur- 
nished elsewhere,  that  the  denominat  onaT  bias,  which  has  hitherto 
divided  the  efforts  of  the  friends  of  liberal  e4acatjion,  can  be  re^ 
laxed  and  finally  overcome.  .     , 

The  best  condition  for  the  whoh*  community,  in  this  behalf,  will 
be  realized,  when  the  state  shall  make  amp!e  provision  for  the 


i  I 


1« 

liberal  ednc&tion  of  all  those  who  may  desire  it,  leaving  all  de- 
nominatioiial  fmds  to  the  single  work  of  the  better  professional 
cnHare  of  those  who  are  set  apart  to  act  as  the  moral  and  spiritual 
guides  of  their  fellow  men.  The  charter  of  the  auiversity,  for 
reasons  which  are  satisfactory  to  the  commnnity,  makes  no  pro- 
yision  for  a  theological  department ;  but  it  is  q[aite  obrions  that 
each  of  the  religions  denominations  would  wisely  avail  itself  ot  a 
competent  state  organization  for  the  liberal  education  of  its  mem- 
bers, enab'iug  itself,  by  saving  all  expense  in  that  direction,  to 
give  a  completeness  and  perfection  to  its  schools  of  theological 
learning,  which  connot  be  reached  by  the  application  of  divided 
funds.  That  the  State  University  may  be  made  to  bear  this  desir- 
able relation  to  denominational  schools,  requires  nothing  else  than 
ample  public  support  and  wise  administration. 

The  plan  of  the  university  of  Wisconsin,  as  set  forth  in  its  char- 
ter, provides :  1,  for  the  collegiate  department  of  science,  litera- 
ture and  arts;  2,  of  law;  3,  of  medicine;  4,  of  normol  instruc- 
tion. To  this  I  am  satisfied  we  must  add  a  fiilh,  namely,  a  school 
of  the  application  of  science  to  agriculture  and  the  useful  arts. 

A  state  institution  embracing  all  t&ese  departments,  and  sustain- 
ing the  above  mentioned  relations,  constitutes  the  idea  towards 
which  we  are  to  labor  up,  and  to  which  we  should  approximate  as 
the  means  in  our  hands  and  the  material  on  which  we  are  to  work, 
will  permit. 

During  the  period  of  converting  our  land  endowment  into  a 
productive  fund,  our  operations  have  been  necessarily  limited  by 
the  scantinesq  of  our  actual  income,  and  the  necessary  diversion 
of  the  larger  portion  of  it,  to  the  acquisition  of  grounds  and  the 
ereotion  of  the  needful  buildings.  In  the  meantime,  our  organisa- 
tion has  been  effectual  to  the  preservation  af  the  fund  from  dim- 
inution, to  the  gathering  of  patronage,  and  the  preparation  of  our 
material  for  the  prosperity  which  the  university  will  doubtleaa 
command  in  time  to  come. 

Up  to  this  time,  our  suit  of  public  rooms  has  been  inadequate 
to  university  uses ;  our  library  and  cabinet  of  Natural  History 


•IT 

haveb^eu^c^pf^gra;  apparatus  we  have  bad  none  fvr  chemical  or 
philosophical  demoiistration,  till  the  small  purchaEe  of  the  laat 
year;  several  of  our  chairs  of  insti-uction  are  still  vacant;  and  no 
movewent  haa  jct  been  made  towards  the  organization  of  any 
<;>tlier  university  school,  than  that  of  '^Science,  Literature  and 
Arte."  •  ' 

The  presentation  of  what  remains  to  be  done,  to  realize  oiu  idea 
of  a  state  university,  naturally  brings  us  to  an  examination  of  the 
financial  condition  of  the  institution,  present  and  prospective }  the 
means  now  on  hand,  and  hereafter  to  accrue,  for  completing  the 
plan  and  accomplishing  the  ondsof  tho  trust. 

The  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  the  University  lands  of  the  original 
grant,  when  disposed  of  at  their  appraised  value^  will  amount  tp 
about  |180,000,    The  interest  on  sales  and  investments  up  to  the 
first  of  January  1853,  was  barely  sufficient  to  meet  the  interest  o» 
the  liabilities  of  the  Board  contracted  in  the  purchase  of  grounds 
and  the  erection  of  tho  first  dormitory  building.    Since  that  peri- 
od, sales  have  been  rapid,  and  tlie  productive    fund    accruing 
therefrom  amounted,  on  the  first  day  of  January  1855,  to  $161,000. 
It  is  fair  to  presume  that  the  residue  of  tho   university  lands  will 
Le  sold  during  the  year,  and  the  whole  fund   of  about  $180,000, 
-will  be  realized  in  the  productive  form,  by  the  first  of  January, 
1856.    On  this  supposition,  the  income  of  the  fund  for    the  nezt 
year  will  not  fall  short  of  $12,000, 

The  Faculty  of  the  University,  at  the  beginning  of  the  year 
1854,  consisted  of  the  Chancellor,  who  is  acting  Professor  of 
*'Ethic8,  Civil  Polity,  and  Political  Economy ;"  the  Professor  of 
•*Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy ;"  the  Professor  of  "Ancient 
Languages  and  Literature ;  and  a  Tutor.  The  chair  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History  was  subsequently  filled  by  the  appointment 
of  Professor  Sk  P.  Lathrop,  of  Beloit  College,  who  entered  on  his 
duties,  in  the  University,  early  in  June,  and  continued  to  render 
his  very  valuable  services  in  that  department,  till  disabled  by  the 
disease  which  terminated  his  useful  life,  on  the  25th  of  Decembec. 
At  the  September  meeting  of  the  Board,  Professor  Daniel  Bead 

3 


18 

sow  of  the  TJnirersity  of  Indiana,  was  choaen  Ftotbnot  af  ^fU an- 
tal  Fbiloeophj,  Logic,  Khetoric  and  English  LitoratarOi^  hia  term 
of  office  to  commence  on  the  first  of  August  1855. 

I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  announce  to  the  board,  that  the  aj)- 
pointment  has  been  accepted.  The  accession  of  Prof.  Read  wiH 
add  greatly  to  the  instructional  force  of  the  institution,  and  will, 
'in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  as  I  doubt  not,  suj^ply  what  haa 
been  felt  all  along  to  be  a  manifest  and  decided  want  in  our  organ* 
ization.  He  may  be  expected  to  deliver  his  inangnral  address  at 
our  next  commencement.  At  the  rame  meeting  of  the  board,  the 
executive  committee  was  authorized  to  employ  a  teacher  in  the 
German  and  French  languages,  at  a  charge  of  not  more  than  $S0O 
per  annum ;  as  a  temporary  arrangement,  until  the  chair  of  mod- 
em languages  and  literature  should  be  permanently  filled.  The 
the  committee  have  been  so  fortunate  as  to  secure  the  services  of 
Dr.  I.  P.  Pochs  in  this  department,  who  will  be  a  candidate  fur  (he 
chair  of  modem  languages  and  literature,  whenever  the  board 
shall  proceed  to  an  election.  His  instructions  have  been,  thus  lar, 
thoroughly  and  successfully  rendered. 

During  the  past  year  about  $900  have  been  expended  for  chem- 
ical and  philosophical  apparatus  by  order  of  the  board,  and  about 
$300  for  the  benefit  of  the  library  and  cabinet. 

The  apparatus  was  selected  with  great  care  by  Professor  Lath- 
rop  personally,  from  the  shops  of  the  best  makers  in  Boston  and 
New  York.  We  have  adopted  the  rule  in, the  purchase  of  appa- 
ratus, whether  the  appropriation  be  great  or  small,  to  procure  in- 
struments of  decidedly  good  quality;  so  that  the  apparatus  when 
complete,  shall  be  seiviceable,  and  well  adapted  to  the  purposes 
of  analysis  and  illustration. 

An  entire  suit  of  New  York  fossils  has  been  added  to  the  cabi- 
net, and  a  large  variety  of  those  of  Ohio  and  Illinois. 

The  library  has  been  increased  by  purchase  s  to  a  small  amount, 
and  hy  the  valuable  attentions  of  Senator  Dodge,  and  Hoa.  B.  Ol 
Eastman,  and  others  of  our  delegation  in  congress. 

On  the  completion  of  the  edifice  now  in  progress,  the  apparatus, 


19 

librftry,  and  ^abinat)  will  be  remoTed  to  the  large  and  eommoli- 
oua  roome    to   be  prepared  for   them  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  revenue  of  the  inetitution  will  enable  the  board  to  make  anna- 
al  appropriations  for  the  extension  of  these  aids  to  ioetrnction,  ea- 
aential  asthejr  are  to  the  credit  and  nsefalness  of  the  UniTeiv>itj. 
The  death  of  Professor  Lathrop  will  devolve  on  the  board  the 
necessity  of  filling  the  vacancy  in  the  chair  of  "  Chemistry  aid 
Katoral  History."    The  late  incnmbent  had  acquired  a  Wisconsin 
repntation,  and  wae  enjoying  the  growing  good  will  of  the  farm- 
ing interest  of  the  state.     In  these  respects  the  loss  we  have  sus- 
tained cannot  be  at  once  repaired.      Eut  it  is  obvious  that  the  in- 
Btitntit*n  is  greatly  interested  to  find  in  his  successor,  whoever  he 
may  be,  the  ability  and  the  will  to  make  this  department  of  the 
University  an  efficient  aid  to  popular  culture  in  the  philosophy  of 
agricnituru  atid  the  useful  arts.    As  much  of  the  usefullness'and 
distinetioi)  of  the  University  will  depend  on  the  choice  of  the  pro- 
fessor, in  this  department,  I  would  recommend  that  a  committee 
of  correspondence  be  appointed  to  procure  testimonials  and  to 
inake  rei^ort  to  the  board  at  their  meeting  in  July,  at  whiah  meet- 
ing a  permanent  appointment  may  be  made  in  season  f^^r  the  in- 
structions of  the  next  collegiate  year,  commencing  in  September, 
For  the  prt- sent  year  I  would  recommend  that  such  snia,  as  the 
board  may  deem  expedient,  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  exe- 
cutive committee,  with  instructions  to  provide  a  special  course  on 
chemistry,  of  some  ten  or  twelve  weeks,  during  such  portion  Qf 
the  present  year  as  they  may  deem  expedient. 

On  ohraining  the  loan  of  $15,000  from  the  principal  of  the  Uni- 
yeradty  fund,  the  building  committee,  as  instructed  by  the  board, 
proceeded  to  the  erection  of  the  second  dormitory  building.  The 
contract  was  let  at  $18,000,  and  the  deficit  of  the  loan,  together 
with  the  incidental  expenses  of  the  superintendence,  and  the  fit- 
ting np  if  the  public  rooms  must  be  supplied,  if  no  other  fund  be 
provided,  from  the  income  of  the  present  year-^a  charge  which 
will  not  amount  to  lesd  than  $4,000,  in  all.  On  account  of  this 
extra  burden  on  our  incoi;ne,  I  would  not  recommend  the  filling  of 


fO 

tho  obftir  of  niodert)  languages  before  our  next  annual  meeting, 
and  I  refrain  from  stiggesting  the  appropriatioma  which  are  greatlj 
needed  for  tlio  enlargement  of  the  librarjcand  the  cabinet^  and.<^ 
the]'philo8ophical  and  chemical  apparatus. 

I  sabmit  the  following  estimate,  in  order  to  a  proximate  nnder- 
standing  of  the  financial  condition  of  tlie  Institution  for  the  year 
1865. 

EXPKNDrrUKKS. 

1.  Interest  OD  loan  Ifrom  iscbool  fund $1,750  00 

2.  iBloregt  ou  }oan  from  nniversitj  fund 1,050  00 

3.  Interest  on  loan  from  J.  D.  Ledy&rd 400  00 

4.  SaUry  of  Chancellor 2,000  00 

5.  Salary  of  Prof,  of  Mathematics,  ifec 1,000  00 

H  Salary  of  Pro£  of  Ancient  Languages 1,000  00 

7.  Salaty  of  Prof,  of  Mental  Philoeophy,  Ac.  (one  quarter) 250  00 

8.  Salary  of  Prof,  of  Chemistry,  (Src  (with  incidentals) 350  00 

9.  Salary  of  German  Instructor 900  00 

10.  Salary  of  Tutor 495  00 

11.  Salaiy  of  Secretary  of  Board 125  00 

12.  Salaiy  of  Treasurer,  about  (per  ccntage) 250  00 

13.  Salary  of  Janitor 240  00 

14  Wood 230  00 

15.  Oontmgendcs  (say^ 500  50 

Total  current  expenditui-cs,  including  interest  on  loans 9,890  00 

Add  defioit  of  building  fund ■, 4,000  00 

Total $13,890  00 

To  meet  these  expcnditnres,  tho  Treasurer  estimates  the  araila- 
blo  fanda  for  the  use  of  the  university,  for  the  year  1855, 

At $13,248  32 

Add  for  tuition,  &c.,  (under-estimated) 300  00 

Add  for  interest  on  piofaRble  sales  in  1855 1,000  00 

Total  available  funds  for  1855 14,548  St 

Balance  in  Treasury,  Dec  31, 1855 $     558  33 

I  have  made  this  detailed  statement,  which  I  trust  will  be  found 
aubstantially  correct,  of  the  probable  receipts  and  disbursements 
of  the  treasury  for  the  current  year,  in  accordance  with  an  act  of 
the  legislature  requiring  it,  as  the  basis  of  a  specific  appropriation 
«f  our  revenue,  to  meet  the  specified  wants^of  the  TTniversity,    Tt 


r 


21 

it  obTions  from  titt  Btatemont,  that  the  xvaats  of  th&  Univwiity  re^  • 
quire  that  its  whole  rerenne  should  be'  placed  at  the  disposal  of  * 
tb^  board. 

As  the  annual  income  of  the  UnirersUy  fnnd  is  acctminlated  in  • 
the  dtate  Treasnrj  on  the  first  of  Jannary,  and  as  the  claims  on 
the  Treasury  of  the  University  are  liable  to  be  presented  from 
time  to  time  throughout  the  year,  it  is  desirable  that  some  uniform  • 
■TStem  of  Temoving  our  money  from  the  State  Treasury  into  the  • 
tremury  of  the  board,  shoald  be  devieed  and  established  by  law*  ' 
On  this  subject,  I  will  take^tbe  liberty  to  make  one  or  two  sugges- 
tioii:    1.    That  the  warrants,  drawn  in  accordance  with  eur  by- ' 
laws  on  the  treasurer  of  the  board,  be  made  payable  quarterly, 
say  on  the  first  of  January,  April,  July  and  October;  and  that 
on  these  several  days,  an  order  be  drawn  by  the  board,  if  in  ses- 
sion, or  by  tlie  executive  committee  during  recess,  on  the  State 
Treasurer,  in  favor  of  the  Treasnrer  of  the  University,  of  sufficient 
amount  to  meet  outstanding  warrants ;  or  2.    If  it  be  thought  ad^* 
visable  that  all  university  warrants  shall  be  payable  directly  from 
the  State  Treasury,  this  object  may  be  effected  by  a  law  directing 
the  State  TVeasnrer  to  pay  such  warrants,  when  endorsed  by  the  ■ 
tTBBSiirer  of  the  board.    Some  settled  practical  rule  on  this  subject, 
seems  to  mo  te  be  very  desirable. 

The  subject  of  the  supply  of  board  for  students,  is  a  matter  of' 
paramount  importance,  in  its  bearing  on  the  patronage  of  the  Uni-  > 
rewity.    It  is  unwise  to  rely  entirely  on  the  disposition  of  private 
bouse  holders  tb  extend  accommodations  to  students^    Limited  as* 
our  numbers  have  hitherto  been,  much  difficulty  has  been  experi**  • 
enced  in  this  behalf,  and  as  the  university  will  soon  come  into  a 
eondition  to  command  extended  patronage,  the  inadequacy  of  this' 
leliaiiee  for  supply,  will  place  the  institution  under  very  great  dis*' 
advantage.   It  is  quite  certain  that  some  plan  must  be  adopted, 
fhrottgh  which  young  men,  proposing  to  enter  the  university,  may 
have  the  assurance  of  being  able  to  obtain  suitable  board  at  mod- 
Iirate  prices.    The  old  usage  of  bringing  all  the  students  into  a 
#Dmmons  ball,  as  a  part  of  the  regimen  of  the  institution,  has  been 


gwraHy  tbiiidoiied  fey  tii»  older  eoUeges,  m  «n&v(Hrabte  to  ||€iDd 
oider^  and  perhaps  equallj  so  to  good  mftnaeiB  aod  good  nioraki^ 
All  that  I  would  recommend,  is  a  common  dining  room  for  the  a^ 
commodaikm  of  some  of  the  families  of  the  Facaltj  aad  sneh  of 
the  students  as  may  prefer  that  arrangement  to  sediiog  beard  in 
private  famies,  the  charges  merely  covering  expenses.  A  oloJi^ 
room  may  be  attached^  for  &e  accommodation  of  those  who  migr 
desire  to  board  themselves.  In  aecordaoce  with  the  favorable  ao* 
tion  of  the  Board,  in  this  behalf^  at  their  Agast  meeting,  the  est- 
ttvne  sentb  wing  of  the  new  building  will  be  finished  with  refer-^ 
ettos  to  residence.  To  carry  out  the  residue  of  the  plan,  would  re>- 
quire  bat  a  small  comparative  outlay.  Considering  the  importano^ 
of  the  subject,  it  is  worthy  of  conaideration^  whether  the  naeaaa 
of  acoomplishing  it  may  not  be  provided  within  tJbe  present  year^ 
Hue  surplus  revenue  of  the  year  1856  will  be  more  thansufficiMit 
for  this  purpose,  and  this  will  be  in  the  treasury  on  the  first  of  Jan- 
uary of  that  year. 

The  Superintendent  of  public  instruction  recommends^  in  hia 
report  to  the  legislature,  the  appropriation  of  a  suffioieat  sum  ao*. 
nnally,  from  the  income  of  the  school  fund,  for  the  support  of  tba 
normal  Professor  in  the  University.  Should  the  legislature  adopt, 
this  policy,  which  appears  to  me  to  be  soi^nd  and  unob]eotionablA» 
Ike  board  will  be  able  to  open  that  important  departnaent  of  tiie 
in$titution  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  next  year,  and  make  U 
the  dispenser  of  the  normal  instruction  for  the  State;  Some  ar* 
rangement  for  the  professional  education  of  the  teachers  of  tl)h» 
State  is  a  present  necessity.  It  is  doubtless  a  maeh  better  eeoao^ 
my  for  the  cause  of  popular  education  to  accomplish  thia  end 
through  this  TTniveasity  department,  than  to  throw  upon^heaeiiaol 
fund  the  outlay  necessary  for  originating  and  endowing  a  separate 
narmal  school ;  which,  after  all,  could  not  be  reasonably  expected 
to  do  its  work  so  well.  A  yearly  appropriation  from  the  income 
of  the  school  ftind  of  $1,600,  in  support  of  the  normal  departmeojt 
of  the  University,  would  secure  the  end,  while  a  new  organiaaticai 
lyouM  require,  in  charges  for  maintenanoe  and  intereat  on  oath(j^ 
several  times  that  amount  annually. 


r 


Tka^doptim  of  the  pplicj  racommendei  ^y  the  Saperioton^Antt 
will  de?oIvQ  upon  the  boiM*d,  amoz^  other  duties,  thaicf  prpv^idipg* 
forthwith  for  a  separate  prepi^ratory  school ;  so  th^t  t)ie  priisfiiil, 
UnWersl^  baildiags  shall  be  devoted  eiitirel/  to  the  nses/^  thf 
cplleglatfi  aod  the  normal  departmente.  A  movement  is  now  b^ 
Wig  xnade  in  Madison  for  the  establishment  of  ai^  academic  at/ 
onion  school^  with  departments  adspted  to  all  grades  of  instnun 
tion^  np  to  a  fall  preparation  of  the  higher  classes  for  the  Uiuvar-^ 
al^.  I  wenld  recommeod  that  the  executive  committee  be  in^ 
stnicted  to  negotiate  an  arrangesnept  with  the  directors  of  tbif, 
enterprise^  through  which  the  classical  department  of  the  schoo}. 
maj  do  our  preparatory  work.  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  connexion 
may  be  so  arranged  as  to  be  highly  beneficial,  both  to  the  school 
and  to  the  university,  and  may  be  made  to  accomplish,  in  the  best 
iMdiBer,  aU  that  we  deeire  in  Idm  behalf. 

The  committee,  to  which  was  referred  the  proposition  of  a  por* 
tk>n  of  our  fellow-citizens  to  endow,  in  part,  in  the(^XJniversitj,  ^ 
chair  of  Soandinaviaa  Language  and  Literature,  reported  to  th^t 
August  meeting  of  the  board  of  ordinance,  to.  carry  into  effect 
conditionally,  the  objects  of  those  who  are  interested  in  the  mov^ 
ptent.  I  am  of  opinion,  on  nature  reflection,  that  the  acceptance 
of  the  offer  on  the  conditions  specified  in  the  ordinance,  woa^  b^ 
^ast  to  those  who  have  made  it,  and  advantageous  to  the  institm 
tion*  '      : 

The  University  is  under  great  and  lasting  obligation  'to  thoae. 
of  our  fellow-citizens,  who  have,  from  time  to  time,  int^rpei^fd 
tbeir  private  or  tlieir  official  services,  not  only  to  aave  the  orJig^ 
nsi  endowment  from  the  danger  to  which  it  was  ^t  some  |;im,e^ 
ezpo^  of  ruinous  depreciation,  but  also  to  bring  to  a  suceessfnl 
termination,  our  application  for  a  new  grant  of  lands  of  e<|U9l 
amoont  with  the  first.  The  bill,  securing  to  us  this  additional  ef^- 
dowment,  became « law  early  in  the  present  session  of  congress.; 
aad  a  large  proportion  of  the  locations,  made  in  auticipation  of 
tbe  grant,  are  understood  to  have  been  secured  to  the  institution^ 
The  residue  will  he  located  in  the  spring.  It  is  a  question  for  th^ 
board  to  consider,  what  legislation  may  be  desirable  to  bring 


84  ' 

Ihestd  lands  earlj  into  the  market  and  to  eecttre  to  tibe  trnit  t^eir 
ftiU  value.  If  appraised  at  an  arerage  of  $3  per  acre,  a  propor- 
tion of  them  wonld  meet  with  a  ready  sale,  and  the  entire  grant 
would  yield  the  sum  of  $188,240.  It  can  hardly  be  doubted  that, 
by  thrifty  management,  this  sum  may  be  realized  within  five 
years ;  and  my  observation  of  the  chances  to  which  university 
lands  are  exposed,  leads  me  to  doubt  whether  we  may  not  be 
losers  by  aiming  at  a  larger  amount.  A  fair  appraisal  next  sum- 
mer, on  the  basis  of  a  minimum  of  $2  SO  per  acre,  would  perhaps 
distribute  even  justice  to  the  University  and  to  the  settler. 

Taking  the  value  of  the  original  endowment,  as  before 
.  stated,  at  .....  .$180,000 

And  of  the  recent  grant,  at  ...  .    138,240 

We  make  the  whole  endowment  .  A18,M0 

After  the  completion  of  the  edifice  now  in  process  of  erection, 
including  the  boarding  accommodations  mentioned  above,  with 
the  addition  of  what  fixtures  may  bo  requisite  for  the  Normal  de- 
partment, I  should  recommend  that  no  more  building  be  underta- 
ken, until,  by  the  application  of  the  surplus  income  of  the  insti- 
tution as  a  sinking  fund,  the  entire  debt,  incurred  thus  far,  be  paid 
ofl^,  leaving  the  institution  in  the  unencumbered  ownership  of  its 
bnildings  and  grounds,  and  a  clear  productive  ftmd  of  at  least 
$300,000. »  When  this  condition  shall  be  realized,  and  not  before, 
shall  I  deem  it  advisable  to  proceed  to  the  erection  of  the  main 
edifice  contemplated  in  our  plan  of  building,  and  to  the  establish- 
ment of  the  departments  of  law  and  medicine.  In  the  mean  time, 
our  resources  will  bo  sufficient  to  a  gradual  devolopcment  of  flie 
collegiate,  normal  and  ngricultural  departments  of  the  institution, 
by  filling,  with  competent  and  devoted  men,  the  necessary  chairs 
of  instniction,  and  by  snrrounding  them  with  those  subsidiary  ap- 
pliances which  distinguish  the  older  educational  institutions  of  the 
country — a  complete  apparatus  for  analysis  and  demonstration  in 
l3be  experimental  branches  of  science,,  an  extensive  and  well  as- 
sorted library,  and  copious  collections  of  natural  specimens  illire- 


f 


tratiTB  of  tbe  stiences  of  obsenration.  A  rerj  few  jears  of  jndi- 
eious  adthjuistration  will  perfect  th6  orgatikatioif  of  the  Univeni- 
tjj  carry  it  forward  to  a  yigorons  maturitj,  disencamber  its  en** 
dowment,  and  Becore  to  it  a  perpetnal  annual  income  of  at  least 
$31,000.  This  work,  gentlemen,  is  yours,  yours  will  be  the  hon- 
or, and,  what  is  better,  the  consciousness  of  haring  done  duty  to  a 
Twj  grefft  and  inteitefing  public  trust 

AllwfaiQb,&c., 

J.  H.  LATHROP.  ^ 


1 


BKPORT  OK  THE  £X£0im7E  00100X330; 


The  executive  committee  wonld  respectftillj  report,  that  in  dia. 
chaign  of  flie  dnties  aesigned  to  them  by  the  by-laws,  they  have, 
at  their  monthly  and  special  meetings,  audited  snch  accounts 
as  have  been  been  brought  before  them  for  their  examination ; 
and  have  made  and  executed  such  orders  as  the  interests  of  the 
institution  seemed  to  require. 

The  authority  conferred  on  the  committee  by  the  board  at  their 
August  meeting,  to  provide  for  instruction  of  the  University 
classes  in  German  and  French,  at  a  charge  of  not  more  than  $800 
per  annum,  has  been  executed  by  the  employment  of  Dr.  T.  P. 
Fuchs,  who  is  now  discharging  duty  in  that  service  with  fidelity, 
and,  as  the  committee  learn,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  his  coU 
leagues  and  his  pupils. 

A  vacancy  in  the  tutorship  having  occurred  by  the  resignation 
of  Mr.  B.  H.  Carpenter  at  the  commencement  in  July,  the  com* 
mittee  made  choice  of  Mr.  A.  L.  Smith,  a  graduate  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  University,  Middleton,  Connecticut,  at  the  salary  establish- 
ed by  the  board  in  1852.  His  term  of  service  commenced  in 
September,  and  he  is  now  in  the  active  and  acceptable  discharge 
of  the  dnties  of  his  office. 

In  obedience  to  the  order  of  the  board  at  their  February*  meet- 
ing, the  execntive  committee  have  audited  all  the  estimates  of  the 
building  committee,  of  work  done  and  materials  furnished  by 
Messrs.  Bird  and  Larkin,  contractors  for  the  construction  of  the 
second  University  edifice.  No  drafts  have  been  made  on  tiie 
State  treasury  for  any  portion  of  the  loan  for  building,  except  on 
such  estimates,  audited  and  approved  by  the  executive  commit- 
tee. 


iB'or  the  ftirtber  nndentanding  of  the  doings  of  the  eommittee, 
^ey  her«mtfc  present  .the  H^vd  ^f  their  proeeedbgi^  for  :the  in- 
spection of  the  board. 

All  which  18  respectfallj  enbmitted, 

DiriTEBenrT  of  Wiscohbiv.  J.  H.  LATHROP, 

Janurj  17, 1856.  0.  ABBOTT, 

N.  W.  DEAH , 
J.  D,  RUQQLES, 
H.  A.  WRIGHT, 

Committee. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  BUILDINQ  OOMMTTPEE, 


To  the  Regents  qfths  Vhiversify  qf  WUeonsin  : 
The  bnilding  committee  respectfully 

REPORT, 

That  in  pursuance  of  the  instructions  of  the  board  at  their  Feb* 
marj  meeting,  the  committee  advertised  for  bids  for  the  construe- 
tion  of  the  second  dormitorj  building  on  the  foundation  previously 
laid.  The  contract  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  A.  A.  Bird  and  W. 
Larkin,  who,  with  good  and  sufficient  securities  undertook  to  com- 
plete  the  building  and  deliver  the  key  on  tiie  first  day  of  June 
1856,  for  the  sum  of  $18,000.  The  work  has  progressed  under 
the  supervision  of  a  competent  superintendent,  and  is  in  such  a 
state  ot  forwardness,  that  no  doubt  is  entertained  of  its  completioa 
to  the  acceptance  of  the  committee  by  the  first  of  June  1866,  ae- 
cording  to  contract.  Much  credit  is  due  to  the  contractors  forthe- 
character  of  the  work  thus  far. 

The  north  half  of  the  edifice  will  contain  sixteen  study  rooms^ 
with  bedrooms  and  closets  attached.  In  the  other  portion  of  Hbrn 
bnilding  north  of  the  south  entry  are  four  public  rooms,  (one  im 
each  story)  36  feet  by  23;  on  the  lower  floor,  the  laboratory; 
on  the  second,  the  cabinet  of  minerals  and  specimens  in  other  de- 
partments of  physical  science ;  on  the  third,  the  philosophical 
chamber,  and  on  the  fourth,  the  library.  The  extreme  south  wing 
is  to  be  finished  for  residence,  or  for  occupation  as  for  studies,  as 
may  be  deemed  expedient. 

Monthly  estimates  have  been  made,  as  the  work  has  progressed, 
and  submitted  to  the  executive  committee  for  approval ;  and  a 
sufficient  sum  has  been  reserved  to  insure  the  completion  of  the 
work  according  to  contract. 


JO 

I  ProviBion  has  been  mado  for  tho  farther  improyemcnt  of  the 
grounds  in  the  spring,'  bj  the  plantation  of  ornamental  and  fmit 
trees,  and  hj  snch  other  modes  as  shall  be  within  the  means  of  the 
committee. 

All  which  is  fospeetftiUjr  submitted. 

J.  H.  LATHROP, 
N.  W.  DEAN, 
H.  A.  WRIGHT, 

Oommitteo. 
Jannarj  17, 18$S. 


643  5$ 

n  50 

490  9V 
281  15 

8,229  SO 
12,735  35 

TBBASUBEBB  BEPOBT. 


lb  tMs  Board  of  Beffenti  €f  iK$  U/Uv&nUif  qf  WSMiouim: 

Tbd  anderagoed,  Treasarer  of  said  Board,  respeetfullj 

REPORTS : 
That  since  the  3l8t  daj  of  DeceroW,  A.  D.  1853,  ikere  has  been  reoeiTtd 
into  the  Treasury  of  the  University^  the  folio  wing  items  of  money,  to  wit: 

From  State  Treasurer  income  of  Univernty  fund  f  8»809  00 

do    Tuition  bills  collected 

do    Arrearages  collected 

do     Commissioner  on  sales  of  lots 
Balance  in  Tra^ury  at  above  date 

Total 
There  has  been  received  from  the  State  Treasurer  in  part 
of  the  fifteen  thousand  dollar  loan,  the  snm  of 

Total  20,964  53 

During  the  same  time  there  has  been  paid  out 
upon  the  orders  of  the  Sec*y  to  Messrs.  Bird 
&  Lark  in,  on  account  of  Dormitory  buildings 
the  sum  of  ;^t  11,666  23 

On  account  of  salaries,  incidental  expensefl^  in- 
terest on  loan,  <fec.  8,279  IS      19,945  80 

Balance  in  Treasury  1,019  17 

Vouchers  of  the  above  disbursements  are  herewith  returned  to  the  Board 
for  their  inspection  and  further  action  thereon. 

The  available  funds  for  the  use  of  the  University  for  the  year  1855,  will 
not  vary  far  from  the  following  statement,  which  is  the  best  estimate  that  I  can 
make^  from  such  information  as  I  can  obtain,  vis : 

Balance  in  Treasury  01,019  17 

do     do  State  Treasury  of  income  of  1854  1,129  15 

Income  for  1855  10,000  00 

Tuition  and  room  rent  700  00 

Receipts,  from  sales  in  University  addition  400  00 

Total  13,246  32 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

SIMEON  MILLS, 

MADnov,  Deo.  81, 1854.  Treasurer  Wis.  Uniferaty. 


EEPOtlT  OF  ATTDniNG  OOMMrTTEK. 


Xhe  undersigned,  one  of  the  standing  commitloetB  of  the  Board  of 
Begents,  eBtabliehed  for  the  following  porpoee,  do  hereby  res- 
peetfttllj  report :  Tl:at  we  did,  on  the  9th  day  of  Jaonarj  1855, 
meet  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  said  Board,  and  proceed  to 
compare  the  warrants  issned  by  said  Secretary  with  the  recordji 
«nd  papers  on  file  in  this  office  as  vouchers  therefor ;  and  also  the 
account  of  the  Treasurer  of  aaid  Board  with  the  warranto  drawn 
on  Uira  by  the  Secretary  aforesaid,  and  we  do  hereby  certify  to 
iald  Board  that  we  found  the  saina  correct  and  true.  ' 

yfh  further  report  that  we  did,  at  the  same  time,  cancel  warrants 
paid  by  the  Treasurer  aforesaid,  since  the  date  of  his  last  report, 
and  now  surrendered  for  that  purpose,  in  the  sum  of  $19,945^  86. 
J.  H.  LATHROP,  Pros.  B'd.  Regt's. 
J.  T.  OLABK,  Sec'y  B'd.  Regt^s, 

Auditing  Oommittee. 

HadiBon,  Jannary  IT,  1855. 


9Q 


SbaiemerU  of 

A.  D. 

1854. 

Janusiy    2, 

do 

2, 

do 

2, 

do 

4, 

do 

7, 

do 

H. 

do 

21, 

do 

26, 

Feb'y 

27, 

March 

«, 

do 

11, 

do 

16, 

do 

25, 

April 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

8, 

do 

10, 

do 

10, 

do 

10, 

"I 

4, 

4, 

do 

6. 

do 

6, 

do 

2», 

do 

29, 

Jane 

9, 

do 

13, 

do 

15, 

do 

24, 

do 

24, 

do 

24, 

July 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

3, 

do 

8, 

do 

4, 

do 

7. 

do 

8, 

do 

8, 

do 

8. 

Warranty,  to  whom  and  for  tohai  i^^ued^  'einoe  the 
dnte  of  the  last  repoH : 

J.  F,  Clark,  services  as  secretary  for  1858,  62  50 

J.  H.  Lathrop,  salary,  232  85 

0.  M.  Oonover,  salary,  175  00 
S.  IL  Carpenter,  salary,  125  <K) 
Henry  Dbgle,  wood,  28  00 
J.  W.  Sterling,  salary,  250  00 
John  Conklin,  services  as  Janitor,  GO  00 
John  Ledyard,  interest  on  loan,  402  00 
Chas.  Foot,  express  charges,  2  00 
J.  A.  Jones,  postage,  4  28 
W.  £.  Cramer,  advertiiing^  ,  14  00 

1.  A.  Lapham,  Herbariom,  80  00 
Henry  Diugle,  wood,  90  00 
a  H.  Carpenter,  salary,  125  QO 
0.  M.  Conover,  salary,  1T5  00 
J.  W.  Sterling,  salary,  200  00 
J.  H.  Lathrop,  salary,  500  00 
Jobn  Conklin,  services  as  Janitor,  60  00* 
Wm.  Irwin,  services^  6  00 
Wtn,  Stewart,  books,  2  50 

C.  S.  Abbott,  lumber,  4  80 
Henry  Dingle,  wood,  24  00 
S.  H.  Carpenter,  books,  15  00 
James  ConkliD,  Jabor,  1  00 

D.  Gorum,  lamber,  8  48 
Building  committee,  for  purchase  of  materials  for 

second  dormitory  building,  1500  00 

Baker  <&  i^cabolt,  repairing  conductors,  15  00 

Rufns  King,  advertising,  3  90 

G.  W.  Stoner,  wood,  6  00 

Wro.  Westorman,  painting,  8  25 

Tibbitts  <b  Gordon,  merohandize,  40  54 
Bird  k  Laikin,  on  contract  of  second  dormitory,      1001  40 

S.  Mills,  express  charges  paid,  3  50 

S.  H.  Carpenter,  salary,  125  00 

J.  H.  Lathrop,      do  500  00 

J.  W.  Steriing,      do  200  00 

S.  P.  Lathrop,      do  179  48 

John  Conklin,  services  as  janitor,  120  00 

James  Graham,  wood*  24  00^ 

S.  Mills,  books  purchased,  3  50 

0.  M.  Conover,  salary,  175  OO 

Bird  k  Larkin,  on  contract  2d  dormitofj,  1324  50 

N.  W.  Dean,  merchandize,  17  75 


^ 


do 

12, 

do 

2», 

do 

28, 

*1 

4, 
1*, 

do 

14, 

do 

89, 

8«>t 

2. 

do 

», 

do 

», 

do 

1«, 

do 

15, 

do 

80, 

Ootober  2, 

do 

8, 

do 

8, 

do 

3, 

do 

1. 

do 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

1, 

do 

7, 

do 

10, 

do 

14, 

do 

19, 

Oct 

21, 

Kov. 

8, 

do 

», 

'  do 

9, 

do 

», 

do 

», 

do 

11, 

do  . 

22, 

do 

25, 

Dec; 

1. 

do 

2, 

do 

29, 

do 

.81, 

do 

81, 

.»8 

8.  Mills,  6xp«nse8|  disbureeroenU,  &:c.,  165  00 
J.  H.  Lathrop,  for  ehem.  and  pbU.  aj^Muratui^  &c^      1100  00 

G.  H.  Slaughter,  wood,  .ft6  25 

Bird  k  Larkin,  on  contract  2d  dormitorji  3104  00 

J.  H.  Lathrop,  dfebtnaemaiitf,  6  70 

8.  P.  Lathrop,        do  6  78 

O.  H.  Slaagnter.  wood,  56  29 

Bird  k  Larkin,  ob  contraot  2d  dormitory,  1010  00 

Win«H.  Demaust,  labor  and  material,  87  20 

Bird  k  LarkiD,  on  contract  of  second  dormitory,  900  00 

R,  N.  Patten,  maps,  <fec^  10  00 

Sower  k  Barnes,  outline  maps,  <&o.,  25  00 

H.  D.  Holt,  121  70 

J.  H.  Latbrop,  salary,  000  00 

P.  L.  Decker,  work,  <feo.,  27  50 

J.  L.  Roundy,  services  as  arcbitect,  100  00 

Wm.  Westerman,  painting,  16  76 

Jobn  Gonklin,  services  as  Janitor,  ^  60  00 

John  W.  Steriiug,  salary,  250  00 

0.  M.  CoDover,  salary,  250  00 
Bird  k  Larkin,  on  contract  of  second  dormitorj 

building,  lOOO  00 

John  P.  Fucl^,  salary,  46  00 

S.  P.  Latbrop,  salary,  350  00 

Joe.  Chatterson  ,8ervices  as  snperintendenti  93  00 

James  Graham,  24  00 

Ang.  L.  Smith,  salary,  lOO  OQ 

Jas.  Graham,  wood,  24  00 

S.  P.  Latbrop,  expenses,  <&c.,  65  00 

J.  H.  Latbrop,        do  4  59 

J.  N.  Jones,  postage,  -  3  23 

Bird  k  Larkin,  on  contract  2d  dormitory^  1083  00 

J.  W.  Sterling,  for  purchase  of  books,  50  26 

James  Graham,  wood,  12  00 

do             do  16  00 

Bird  ^Larkin,  on  contract  2d  domiitoqri  653  33 

DarwinCIark,  chairs,  17  50 

A.  S.  .Wood,  mnaic,  75  00 

J.  H.  LatfiTop,  sahry,  500  00 

J.  T.  Clark,  services  as  secreta^  for  1854,  125  00 

J.  T.  CLARK, 

Seerstaiy. 


»*, 


To  the  Board  of  Begmtaqf  the  Unio&r^ity  ^  Wisconsin : 

The  undersigned^  commisBioner  for  the  sale  of  lots  in  tli4 
nniTersitj  addition  to  the  village  of  Madison 

REPORTS:    > 

That  since  the  21st  day  of  December,  A.  D.  1853,  there  has 
been  sold  in  scuid  addition,  lots  as  follows  to  wit: 


Itate  of  sale 
1854. 

inly  10, 
•'     21, 

Avg.  U. 
**      14, 

No,  of         No.  of    To  whom  aold, 
Lota,          Block. 

9, 10,             17      M.  B.  French, 
4,7,8,9,        11       F.A^Ogdeo, 
6,                   11  1  A.  a  Wood, 
7,8,               10    _      d# 

cent,  commission  for  seJlii^ 

Am'tof 
Sale. 

$500  00 

300  00 

76  00 

225  00 

Am't  pud  at 
time(^«]e. 

$26$  60 

100  OO^ 

76  00 

Deduct  &  per 

$1,100  00 

$428  50 
$66  00 

Balance  paid  into  Treasary,  $373  60 

I  have  also  collected  upon  sales  previously  ^ade,  the  following 
gams  of  money,  to  wit : 

From  A.  W.  Dickson,  f  88  8^ 

**      Michael  Flanigan,.  31  00 

<«      Thomas  McGIjno,  14  10 

<*      John  Conklin,  8  00 

'•      M.B.  Rog^  10  00 

<*      Ja8.Dowling  15  00 


0117)17 


Total  amount  paid  into  T^eaatuy,  l|490  Vt 

Bespectfally.  sobmitteA, 

SIMEON  MILLS^  Ooitamissionen 
December  81,  itii. 


S5 
LIBRARIAN'S  REPORT. 


State  ITKivEBfliTTy  Madiboh,  Wb., 

February  16th,  1866. 
JjKx  H.  Lathbop,  L.  L.  D., 

Pre8.  of  Board  of  BegenU^  dkc  : 

Tlie  undersigned  respectfully  reports,  as  follows : 

During  the  past  year  244  volumes  were  added  to  the  University 
Library.  Of  this  number,  only  64  volumes  were  pprchased,  all 
of  which  are  works  of  great  value.  Among  them  is  the  Edin- 
burgh Encyclopedia,  in  21  volumes. 

The  following  list  will  show  to  whom  the  acknowledgements  of 
the  University  are  due  for  donations : 

We  have  received 

From  Congress,  Public  Documents, 

do  Hon.  fi.  0.  Eastman,  do 

do  Hon.  A.  C.  Dodge,  do 

do  Hon.  H.  Dodge,  do 

do  Hon.  I.  P.  Walker,  do 

do  Hon.  Hiram  Barber,  Baxter's  Works, 

do  State  of  New  York,    Public  Doc.  &c., 

4o  Smithsonian  Ins «        Publications, 

do  Pratt  Woodford  &Oo.,  School  Books, 

do  Gould  &  Lincoln^  do 

do  Robt.  J«  Davis  &  Go.,  do 

do  Geo.  P.  Putnam  &  Co.,        do 

do  A.  Lapham,  Esq.,  do 

do  J.  H.  Giirney,  Esq ,    Life  of  J.  J.  Gnmey, 

do  Oalvin  Cutter,  E^q.,   Physiology  &  Plates, 

In  addition  to  depositee  in  the  cabinet  by  the  State  Geologist 
the  thanks  of  the  Institution  are  due  to  Ebenecer  Brigbam,  Esq.^ 
of  Blue  Mounds,  for  the  contribution  of  a  box  of  rerj  ch<  ice  speci- 
mens; also  to  J.  T.  Clark,  Esq.,  of  this  town,  and  to  Messrs.  Geo. 
B.  BtnntK  and  A.  A.  Parker,  of  Superior,  Wis.,  for  valuable  favors^ 

J.  W.  STERUNG, 

Librarian,  Ac. 


41  Yolfl. 

11 

do 

7 

do 

14 

do 

1 

do 

2 

do 

15 

do 

8 

do 

60 

do 

10 

do 

8 

do 

8 

do 

2 

do 

2 

do 

1 

do 

.       I       \       i       }     iv      k 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THB 


FACULTI  AND  STUDENTS 

WISCONSIN  univ;ersity, 


FACULTY 

OF  SGIENGE.  LITEBATUBE  AND  ARTS. 


JOHN  H.  LATHBOP,  L.  L.  D.,  Ghanokllob, 
And  Prcfeuor  of  JEHhuss,  Civil  PoUitf  and  PoUHoal  Eoonomff. 

JOHN  "W.  STERLING,  A.  M.j 
Prcfenor  of  Mathemaiica  and  Jfabwvl  PhUosqphjf. 

8.  P.  LATHROP,  M,  D.,* 
JPrqfessor  cf  CkemistTy  and  Natural  ERstory. 

O.  M.  OONOVER,  A.  M., 
Professor  of  Ancient  Zmiguages  and  LUeratttre. 

BAlflEL  READ,  L.  L.  D., 
PrqfmoT  (el«et)  qf  Jdjmtal  PMU^eophy,  Loffio^  JShetario^  amd 

English  Litertxture. 

S.  IL  CARPENTER,  A.  B.,  Tutor,  f 

T-  P.  FUOHS,  M.  D. 
Tnsirucior  in  German  amd  French  Languages. 

•DoctMod.    VMancjwIU  be  filled  in  Jul/. 
f  Suooeeded  bj  Aniputtie  L.  Smith,  A.  B. 


STtJDENlB. 


SBHIOBfl. 


Nftaiflt. 

R6iid«nc«. 

♦LeviBootii, 

Madlaon. 

♦ChariesT.Wakeley,                        • 

Whitewater. 

JUNIOR. 

Somanzo  E.  Davis, 

Attiiqa. 

SOPH0MOSS9. 

Samuel  S.  Beaedict, 

llbHitKMe. 

William  P.  Dowey, 

Laiuwter. 

James  M.  Flower, 

SunPwrw- 

Sidney  Foote, 

Belvidere,  B 

James  Hickox. 

Baialp, ».  1 

Harrey  F.  Hubbard, 

Manitowoc. 

Burgees  0.  Slaughter, 

)Kddktoii. 

Hayden  K.  SoH^h, 

Ifmii^pn. 

Alvab  F.  Whitman, 

WinOsor, 

9BB8HXSV. 

Hiram  Sarber, 

Jnneau. 

Sinclair  W.  Botkin, 

Madison. 

Thomas  D.  Coryell, 

Terona. 

James  T.  Davies, 

DodgeviUe. 

William  Irwin, 

Madison. 

William  H.  Bice, 

Chicago. 

George  W.  Stoner, 

Madison. 

Daniel  £.  Tenney, 

Madison. 

WiUiam  F.  Vilas, 

Madison. 

•  Ondiitted  b  Jolj. 

40 


SKOU8H  CLAfiEES. 
[On  idcel  poiti«M  •!  tht  oouite.] 

Robert  W.  Burns, 
#  William  R  Boma, 
Napoleon  Gampbel1| 
George  Chafle, 
Harmon  Chase,  ^ 

Bobert  K.  Cornell, 
John  F.  Cramer, 
George  Henry, 
Lewis  B.  Hndson, 
William  H.  Larlrin, 
George  H.  Marcher, 
James  McOaskey, 
John  McKay, 
Frederick  M.  McEenzie, 
John  Reynolds, 
J<^n  8.  Slightam, 
Alyin  Smith, 
W.  L.  F.  Smith, 
John  H.  Toland, 
Lawrence  Walsh. 


Rflttdaiic«L 

Prairie  La  Crosee. 

Prairie  La  Crosse. 

Colnmbos  O. 

Milwaukee. 

Wat«rloo. 

Elbredge,  N.  Y. 

Milwaukee. 

Mineral  Point* 

Milton. 

Madison. 

Delaware. 

Florence. 

Madison. 

Palmyra. 

Madison. 

Madison. 

Waterloo. 

Madison. 

Erin. 

Westport. 


«1 


PKEPASATOBT  CLAB8E8. 


Marcns  Brash, 
Wm.  W.  Church, 
GaBherie  Decker, 
Wm.  Fisher, 
Edward  B.  Qulia, 
James  Haynes, 
Sichard  W.  Habbell, 
Thomas  D.  Kanonse, 
Edwin  K.  Larkin, 
Edwin  Marsh, 
William  B.  McHngh, 
George  R  Powers, 
"Wm.  P.  Powers, 
James  R  Swain, 
Julias  y .  R«  Swain, 


Madison. 

Madison. 

Madison. 

Cooksville. 

Madison. 

Black  Earth,    . 

Milwankee. 

Cottage  Groye. . 

Madison. 

Beaver  Dam« 

Madison. 

"Whitewater. 

Madison. 

Madison. 

Madison. 


OOUESE  OF  INSTRUCTION. 


1.      PbEPABATOBT    SciHOOL. 

The  stndies  panned  in  the  Preparatorjr  Dep«rUMn|  im  m  6>1* 
lows: 

1.  Engllfih  Grammar. 
3.  Geography. 

3.  Arithmetic. 

4.  Eleioente  of  Algebra. 
6.  Latin  Grammar. 

6.  Cesar's  Commentaries. 

7.  VirgiPe  JEneid,  (6  books.) 

8.  Oicero's  Select  Orations. 

9.  Greek  Grammar. 
10.  Greek  Reader. 

Attention  will  also  be  paid  to  Reading,  Orthography,  and  Pen- 
manship. 

2.      COLLBQIATB  DsPABTXEErr. 

The  College  Conrse  occnpiesfonr  years,  and  the  stndies  of  the 
course  are  distributed  as  follows : 

FRESHMAN   CLASS. 

nSST  TSBM. 


Roman  History, — livy. 

^^        Antiquities, — Bojesen. 
Algebra, — Loomis. 
Greek  Historians, — Herodotus. 


SBOONDTERM. 


Latin  Poetry,  with  Prosody,— Odes  of  Horaoe. 
Algebra  finished,  Geometry  begun. 
Greek  Historians, — ^Xenophon. 


48 


THIBD  TBBIf . 


HoraeOi — Satjres  and  Epistles. 
Geometry  fiqished. 
Greek  Historians, — ^Thucydides. 
Hzercises  tliroughont  thd  year  in  written  Translations  Comppoi- 
tion  and  Declamation. 

80PH0M0EE  CLASS. 


Plane  Trigonometry,  Logarithms,  &c.  &c.^-*Loomi8. 

(Xeero  de  Oratore. 

German,  or 

Greek  Poetry  and  Prosodyy^Qoswi** 

SBOOND  TEBK. 

Analytical  Geometry  begnn« 
Cterman  or  Greek  Orators. 
Oicero  de  Oratore. 
Bhetoric  and  Elocution. 

THIBD  TERM. 

Boman  History, — ^Tacitus. 
Analytical  Geometry,  finished,  Calculus. 
Classical  or  Modem  Languages — optional. 
Histoiy,  with  Geography  and  Chronology. 
Exercises  throughout  the  year  in  English  and  Latin  Oomponr 
iion  and  Elocution. 

JUNIOR  CLASS. 

FIBSS  TEW* 

Stbica—Wi^laiid* 
Boman  History — ^Tacitus. 
Qalo«laa — ^Mechanioal  Phiiosophy. 
▲neient  HisiDij— Tnylor's  Hanusl. 


44 


SECOND 


Kataral  Philosophy. 

Oreek  or  Modem  Laognages — (optional.) 
Cira  Pob'tj  and  Constitutional  JLaw— lectures. 
International  law — lectures. 


TBIRD  TKRX. 


Natural  Philosophy — finished. 
German  or  Latin  (Germania  and  Agricola) — optionaL 
Political  Economy — Say. 
Exercises  throughout  the  year  in  Compositioo,   Doclamation, 
and  Forensic  Debate. 


8EKIOR  CLASS. 

KIKST  TERIC 

Mental  Philosophy.  ^ 

Natural  History. 
Christian  Evidences. 
Classical  Literature. 

SBOOND    TERM. 

\ 
Optics — Astronomy  begun. 

Chemistry — lectures. 

Logic. 

THIBD  TKBIC. 

Select  Latin — classical  literature. 

Astronomy  finished. 

Philosophy  of  Language-Criticism. 

Botany  and  Philosophy. 
Exercises  throughout  the  year^in  original  Orations,  and  Foren- 
sic Debate. 

Young  gentlemen  desirous  of  pursuing  select  portions  of  the 
course  will  be  admitted  to  the  recitations  and  other  exercises  of 
regnlar  classes,  and  will  be  entiled  to  certificate  of  the  term  of 
membership  and  of  the  studies  pursued  by  them.    This  proTision 


r 


45 

extends  the  benefits  of  university  instruction  to  the  teachers  of 
the  public  schools  of  the  State,  and  those  who  intend  the  practice 
of  Agricnlturo  and  the  Arts. 

Terms  of  Admission. 

Candidates  for  admission  to  the  Freshman  class  must  pass  a 
aatisfactorj  examination  in  all  the  studies  of  the  preparatory  school 
or  their  equiralents. 

Oandidates  for  an  advanced  standing  are  also  examined  in  all 
the  studies  to  which  the  class  they  propose  to  enter  have  attended.. 

All  applicants  most  present  testimonials  of  good  moral  charac- 
ter; and  students  coming  from  other  colleges  a  certificate  of  hon- 
orable dismission. 

BfiOTATIONS,    &c. 

Each  class  of  the  ooUegiate  department  attends  three  recitatiotis 
or  lectures  daily.  There  are  also  daily  exercises  in  declamation 
and  composition.  Public  examinations  and  exhibitions .  are  held 
at  the  close  of  each  term. 

LiBBABT  ApPABATUS,  &C. 

The  Library,  which  is  open  to  all  the  students  ef  the  university 
oompriseB  over  1200  volumes,  and  will  receive  yeady  additions  by 
the  purchase  of  the  most  valuable  standard  works;     .  .     t 

The  university  is  possessed  of  a  valuable  cabinet  of  minerals ; 
comprising  numerous  specimens*  Contributions  of  an  i&tercistiflg 
character  continue  to  be  made  by  the  State  Geologist,  and  from 
other  sources.  A  full  suit  of  Kew  York  fossils,  and  valuable  geo- 
logical collections  from  Ohio  and  Illinois,  have  been  added  to  cab- 
inet during  the  year. 

One  thousand  dollars  were  last  year  appropriated  for  the  pur- 
chase ef  Philosophical  and  Chemical  apparatus,  and  adifitions  will 
be  made,  from  year  to  year. 

LTTTSBABT  SOCUBETIEB. 

There  ^e  two  Literary  societies  connected  with  the  university. 

Ihese  are  valuable  auzilaries  in  the  mental  training  of  the  stu 
dents.  One  of  them  has  already  a  library  of  several  hun<]lred 
Tolumes. 


46 

MBKrr  soix. 
A  permanent  record  is  kept  of  the  daily  attendance,  conduet 
and  recitation  of  each  student ;  and  information  of  his  standing 
communicated  from  time  to  time  to  his  parent  or  gurdiaa. 

BBLIOIOUS  EXESCISSB. 

The  students  are  assembled  at  prayers  daily  in  the  chapel  <rf 
the  nnitersity,  at  the  morning  hour  for  commencing  atudy  and 
rteitation. 

ACOOICODATIONB  FOE  STTTDBNTS. 

The  uiversity  edifice,  in  addition  to  the  public  rooms  for  recita- 
tion, Library,  Cabinet,  &c,  affords  study  and  lodging  rooms  folr 
the  ample  accomodation  of  students. 

With  a  view  to  economy  as  well  as  the  comfort  of  the  occupanta, 
provision  is  made  for  heating  the  building  throughout  by  fnmacee 
in  the  basement. 

TERMS. 

The  collegiate  year  is  divided  into  three  terms,  or  sessions  of 
thirteen  weeks  each,  beginning  as  follows : 
1.  The  third  Wednesday  of  September. 
2:  The  first  Wednesday  of  January. 
8.  The  fourth  Wednesday  of  April. 
Ootnmencement  Anniversary,  the  fourth  Wednesday  of  Jtily. 

EXPENSES. 

Tuition,  per  term, 

Boom,  HJeat,  Janitors  aervioe,  per^^term. 
^     Contingencies, 

Total  per  term,  $7  00 

Total  per  term,  (three  terms,)  21  00 

These  comprise  all  the  tTniversity  charges,  except  for  actual 

dftmrge  done  by  the  student    Occasions  tor  this]  item  of  charge 

are  very  rare. 


#7  I 

It  iB  provided  in  the  by-laws,  that  no  student  shall  be  admitted 
by  the  Ohancellor  to  residence  In  the  buildings,  or  to  the  exercises 
«f  Mj  tenn,  tiU  he  present  a  oeriifieate  from  the  .treasurer,  tliat 
ihe  charges  for  the  term  have  been  adjusted,  in  advance. 

The  second  dormitory  building  will  be  completed  and  all  tbe 
c^irs  of  instruction  will  be  filled  during  the  current  year.  Pn>« 
▼iaioii  is  also  to  be  made  for  boarding,  6n  the  College  premises,  at 
moderate  rates.  The  next  scholastic  year  will  open  on  the  third 
Wednesday  of  September,  with  ample  accommodations  for  stu- 
dents, and  greatly  enlarged  means  of  instruction. 

Through  the  chairs  of  Obemistry  and  Natural  History,  and 
Mental  Philosophy,  Logic,  Bhetoric,  and  English  Literature,  pro- 
"piaion  will  be  made  for  the  annual  instruction  of  classes  in  Agri- 
cxiltural  Science,  and  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  teaching. 

The  Board,  at  their  February  meeting,  passed  an  ordinance 
ctttabKabing  a  Department  of  Medicine  in  the  University.  The 
diafrs  will  be  filled  and  the  school  opened  at  an  early  day. 

It  is  the  fixed  intention  of  the  Univeraiiy  authorities  that  all  the 
means  at  their  command  shall  be  so  administered  as  to  aid  the 
diligmt  and  successful  student,  and  to  secure  to  the  institution  a 
jurt  pubKc  confidence  and  support 


4» 


ORDINANCE. 

ftoTidiDgfortlieoi^aBiMtioD  of  the  Department  of  'Hedicbe'Mtt  tlie  UnlTemty  of 
WiecosiiB^pemed  Febnuoy  10, 18S5^ 

The  Regents  of  the  TTniTerutj  of  WificonBin  doordaio,  as  foUowe  : 

I.  Thai  there  be.  hereby,  constitnted  in  tsid  Untrefeitj,  a  Facoltj  of  "Xedlciae,"  to 

eoBsiat  of  the  Chaneellor,  and  anchProfeaaoTi  aa  vaxy  be^  fion  tliae  to  tiaae  ehoaaa  to 

occupy  the  following  chairs  of  inatruction,  to  wit : 

1.  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 

2.  Sargery— Clinical  and  Pathological. 

3.  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medidne. 

4.  Obetretica  axid  the  Diaeaaea  of  Woreen  and  Ofalldren. 

5.  Chemistry  find  Pharmacy. 

6.  Materia  Medica  and  Botany. 
'7.  UedicalJurispradeiice. 

2.  The  emoluments  of  aaid  profeasorshlpa  shall  be  derived  from  the  fees  of  raitioft 
without  any  zecoorse  whaterer  to  the  treaaaiy  of  the  Uni  wvty ;  and  no  mone/  aball 
be  diawn  from  the  said  troasary  for  the  aapport  of  the  Department  qC  MadiM^  tstil 
the  exiating  debt  be  paid,  and  the  institution  be  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  dear  income  from 
the  endowment  of,  at  least,  (12,000,  per  annum. 

3.  All  appointments  to  the  above  chairs  shaU  bo  made  by  the  Regenta  of  the  TTnirer- 
sity,  and  the  prolesaon  shall  hold  oifioo  dating  the  pleaaore  of  the  board. 

4.  The  Medical  Faculty  shall  have  pew«r  to  elect  a  Dean  of  tho  FM«11;f, « l^Manrer* 
Secretary  and  other  necessary  officers*  agenti»  and  awastanta ;  to  praactihe  their  dutiaa ; 
to  fix  the  feea  of  tuition, land  to  provide  for  the  welfare  of  the  department*  by  by-lawa 
not  inconsistent  with  this  ordinance  and  the  charter  of  the  UniverBity. 

5.  The  Medical  Faculty  shall  hold  their  terms,  and  deliver  their  instructions  in  the 
town  of  Madiaon. 

6.  A  Board  of  Examiners,  consisting  of  fonr  members  of  the  profession  of  the  degree 
of  M.  D.,  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  the  Regenta,  whoee  duty  it  shall  he  to  attend 
the  closing  exercises  of  each  term  of  instruction,  to  make  diligent  examinations  of  the 
candidates  for  graduation,  and  to  report  their  qualifications  to  the  board  of  Regenta. 

7.  Candidates  for  graduation  in  thia  department  of  the  Univeraity  ahall  not  be  leai 
than  twenty -one  years  of  age ;  shall  be  of  good  moral  character;  ahall  haTo  had  two 
years  of  private  pupilage  and  h^ve  attended  two  courMS  of  lecturt^  or  ahall  have  at- 
tanded  three  courses  of  lectures  without  previous  private  pupilage,  (the  laat  eoune  in 
e'ther  case  in  this  department) ;  ahall  have  paaaed  a  eatislactory  examination,  and,  if 
required,  ahall  have  written  and  defended  a  theaia  on  some  medical  subjeet  befoie  the 
board  of  examiners. 

8.  Candidates,  with  the  above  qualifieationa,  shall,  on  leoommendation  of  the  exa- 
minera,  be  entiiled  to  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  in  eoofte;  which  ahall  be  conferred,  at  tte 
Annual  Commencement  of  the  Univeraity,  by  diploma,  without  chaige. 


f 


THIRD   ANNUAL    REPORT 


OF  TUB 


TRtrSTEES  AND  OFFICERS 


ov  nuiC 


WISCONSIN  INSTITUTE 


FOB    THB 


EDUraON  OF  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB, 


FOB  THE  TEAB  1804. 


MADISON: 

BIBUH  BROWK.  Sr&TS  PBINTSB. 


•.:-i  I .  .•' 


4.1 


To  Hjb  EsxnELuarcT  William  A.  BabsioWi 

Chvemar  of  the  State  of  Wticonein : 
I  hare  the  honor  of  presenting  you  herewith,  the  third  Annual 
report  of  the  TmsteeB  of  the  '^  Wisconsin  Institute  for  the  educa- 
tion of  ihe  Deaf  and  Dumb/'  hj  order  of  the  board  of  tnuteee. 

WH.  0.  ALLEK,  Secretarj. 
Dhjltav,  Dee.  85,  lS5t. 


f 


BOABD   OF   TXVSTBIS. 

HoH.  WM.  0.  ALLEN,  Hon.  SALMON  TnOMA8» 

O.  W.  BLANCHARD,  M.  D.  H.  HUNT,  M.  D. 
N.  M.  HARRINGTON,  J.  D.  MORRELL,  Jr. 

Bet.  p.  W.  LAKE,  J.  0.  MILLS,  M.  D. 

Bob.  0.  BETES. 


077ICBB8   07   THB   BOABO. 

President — ^H.  Huirr,  M.  D., 
Seeretarj — Hon.  Wk.  0.  Axlvh, 
Treasorer — N.  JL  HABBDroioir. 


IBTBLLBOTVAL   BEPABTXBVT. 

Principal — Louis  H.  Jenkihb,  A.  M., 
Professor — Hibau  Phillifb. 


DOKBBTIO   BBPABTKBHT. 

Physician — O.  W.  Blanchabd,  M.  D., 
Matron — Mrs.  Adblia  T.  Jxtaaaa. 


.  ■ «..  .'  ..I 
.C:     '. 


C     '\    R    ^^    >' 


i  .    . 


f 


EEPORT  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 


•      .       •     .  •  •    •  ■   i» 

The  board  of  trustees  of  the  "  Wiijcomiq  Institute. for  tlie  edQ« 

cation  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb/'  submit  to  the  legialatare  of  tb{j( 

Btate)  their  third  annual  ro^port,  for  the  jear  A*  Dn  18^4.    ...    . . 

Daring  the  past  jear  the  Institute  has  beenunu^uallj  pi^opp^t 
OP£,  under  the  manageiuent  and  cof^trol  of  Louis  H.  Jenki^s^  At 
H.y  our  present  able  a^d  effioieut-  i^ripoipal)  and  we  de^m.it  bfit 
justice  to  him  testate  that,  owing,  t^  bis  Hntii-ing>  perse  wanoei 
eoergj  and  skill  in  managing  and  teaching  tliis  unfortunate  ^6« 
of  persons  in  our  State,  who  are  deprived  of  the  sense  of  heariogjj 
tlie  school  has  advanced  bejoqd  our  most  sanguine  expi^etaticpiB, 
and  we  feel  highly  faroned  in  securij^g  his  eminent  services^^  ami 
tba  board  of  trustees  now  fUtter  tbcmdelved,  that  no  institutioa  of 
like  character  in  the  United  States  was  eter  more  -pertaanM/if 
fixed  in  the  same  langtib  of  time,  with  bo  small  means  aa  waa 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  trustees,  for  the  purpose  of  startipg  tha 
QBterprise.  Ihe  health  of  the  pupils  has  been  uninterrupt^ } 
their  conduct  and  progress  in  learning  have  been  highly  g^atifyt 
ijDg,  and  everything  in  and  about  the  buildingf  presents  a  oheei^ 
fol  and  inviting  appearapQO. 

The  board  had,  previous  to  their  second  annual  report,  nearlj 
oompleted  a  building  thirty  by  forty-four,  two  stories  high,  beMdoi 
the  basement  and  attie.  That  building  is  now  finished,  in  whiph 
tLe  school  has  been  taught  siAte  the  month  of  Jauuary  last 

Tbe.legislaturo,  i^t  its  last  session,  made  an  appropriation  of 
aina  thouaand  dollars  to  thia  institute,  as  fallows :  Two  thou8au4 
dollars  for  the  support  of  the  Institute  during  the  past  year,  and  the 


8 

sum  of  two  thonsand  dollars  for  the  erection  of  out  baildiogs, 
fences  and  other  needful  fiztares,  to  be  paid  oat  of  any  money  in 
the  treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated,  and  the  farther  sam  of 
five  thousand  dollars  for  the  erection  of  the  east  transTerse  wing 
of  the  Instiiate  baildingi  according  to' the  plan  Veretofore  deliver- 
ed to  the  Governor,  one  half  of  which  was  to  have  been  paid  the 
present  year,  and  the  other  one-half  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  fifty-five,  out  of  any  money  not  otherwise  appropriated. 

In  view  of  this  appropriation,  the  trustees  designed  to  have, 
during  the  past  year,  erected  the  ont-buildings,  fences,  and  made 
the  needful  fixtures  anticipated  by  the  act  of  appropriation,  and 
accordingly  despatched  one  of  their  members  to  Madison  to  draw 
from  the  treasury  of  the  state  the  amount  of  money  due  from  it 
for  that  purpose.  And  on  presentation  of  the  order  of  the  trus- 
tees, and  the  necessary  bond  required  by  the  act  making  the  ap- 
propriation, was  informed  by  the  treasurer,  that  there  was  no 
money  in  the  treasury,  and  that  the  amount  to  which  they  were 
entitled  could  not  be  paid  out  of  the  treasury  until  the  next 
year. 

The  trustees  on  being  informed  that  the  treasury  of  the  State 
was  empty,  and  that  they  would  be  unable  to  receive  any  money, 
anticipated  by  them  by  the  act  of  appropriation,  until  another 
year,  felt  deeply  embarrassed,  believing  that  they  should  be 
obliged  to  abandon  all  idea  of  erecting  the  out-btiildings,  fences, 
and  making  the  needful  fixtures  so  highly  necessary,  and  almost 
indispensable  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  pupils,  and 
those  who  had  them  in  charge  ;  and  in  addition  to  this  calamity, 
(for  in  such  manner  they  felt  it,)  there  was  nn  money  in  the  hands 
of  the  trustees  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  institute  for  the  cur- 
rent year.  The  school,  the  trustees  saw,  would  have  tobreak  up 
for  the  time  being,  unless  they  should  raise  the  money  upon  their 
own  credit  to  defray  the  expenses  daring  the  past  year.  They 
accordingly  passed  a  resolution,  that  they  would  raise  the  sum 
of  tWo  thonsand  dollars  upon  their  own  note,  payable  in  one  year, 
at  19  per  cent,  interest,  that  being  the  lowest  rate  of  interest  on 


which  they  could  obtain  the  money.  Tbe  sum  of  two  thousand 
dollars  ^aA  obtained  in  this  manner,  which  has  enabled  the  trus- 
tees to  keep  tbe  schools  going,  and  paj  debts  w(iich  had  beep 
necessarily  incurred)  and  which  were  being  pressed  for  payment 
by  the  creditors. 

The  pupils  having  greatly  increased  in  numberS|  and  were  con- 
tinually increasing,  so  much  so,  the  trustees  found  that  the  build- 
ing alluded  to  in  their  second  annual  report,  would  soon  be  inade- 
quate to  accommodate  all  the  pupils  which ,  would  be  under 
instruction,  and  to  obviate  this  difficulty,  in  anticipation  of  the 
appropriation  already  made,  that  they  would  be  able  to  receive 
the  whole  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  specially  appropriated,  for 
the  purpose  of  erecting  the  east  transverse  wing  above  alluded 
to,  they  entered  into  a  contract  with  Thomas  Balls,  Esq.,  tbe  en- 
terprising builder  who  erected  the  first  building,  to  erect  the 
east  transverse  wing,  for  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  he 
being  the  lowest  bidder,  to  do  the  same  according  to  the  plan  and 
specifications.  And  by  the  terms  of  the  contract  which  the  trus- 
tees made  with  him,  he  is  to  receive  his  pay  therefor  in  the  pre*, 
sent  month,  the  trustees  believing  that  money  would  be  in  the 
State  treasury  by  that  time,  to  enable  them  to  draw  the  five 
thousand  dollars,  and  meet  their  engagement  with  him. 

This  building  is  of  brick,  the  walls  of  which  were  put  up  during 
the  last  summer,  under  the  superintendence  of  B.  Sturtovant,  Esq.t 
a  faithful  and  ezoellent  mechanic,  who  has  done  himself  great 
credit  in  the  execution  of  the  work.  It  is  three  stories  high,  be- 
sides the  basement  and  attic,  and  will  favorably  compare  in  beauty 
and  solidity  with  the  best  public  buildings  in  this  State.  Tlio 
roof  is  now  on,  the  windows  in,  and  all  in  a  state  of  forwardness, 
promising  a  speedy  completion. 

By  reason  of  the  trustees  not  being  able  to  draw  the  money  ap- 
propriated for  the  erection  of  out-buildir}g3,  fences,  and  other 
needful  fixtures,  they  have  not  been  able  to  do  anything  towards 
their  construction,  excepting  to  furnish  a  good  supply  of  pure 
water  for  the  Institute,  which  they  accomplished  by  the  means  of 


10 

a  water  ram^  that  farnisheB  a  stream  of  pare  cold  spring  water  at 
'  all  times, — much  to  the  comfort  and  advantage  of  all  members 
"belonging  to  the  Institute. 

The  ilum'ber  of  pupils  which  have  been  in  attendance  and  un- 
der instrnction  daring  the  past  year  is  31 ;  the  amount  which  has 
been  expended  during  the  past  current  year,  for  the  necessary 
expenses  in  supporting  the  Institute,  is  $3,751  06. 

In  making  ah  estimate  for  the  support  of  the  Institute  during 
the  year  A.  D.  1855,  the  trustees  cannot  bring  it  lower  than  six 
thousand  dollars,  including  the  hire  of  teachers,  help,  and  other 
indi^pensible  and  necessary  expenses ;  and  to  do  this  it  is  neces- 
sary to  be  exceedmgly  economical, — denying  to  the  teachers  and 
pupils  privileges  and  comforts  afforded  to  them  in  like  institutions 
in  other  States  ;  but  these  minor  comforts  and  privileges  they  are 
willing  to  forego,  for  the  present,  and  until  the  State  shall  become 
more  able  to  grant  this  claim. 

The  trustees  therefore  ardently  hope  that  the  legislature  will  at 
an  early  day  of  this  session  make  an  appropriation  to  said  Insti- 
tute in  a  sum  not  less  than  six  thousand  dollars,  and  in  asking  for 
this  sura  they  do  not  do  it  because  it  is  more  than  they  want,  but 
they  ask  it  as  the  lowest  sum  which  will  meet  the  current  expen- 
ses of  the  Institute  for  the  year  A.  D.  1855,  and  they  know  of  no 
object  in  this  State  for  which  an  appropriation  could  be  made 
that  is  more  worthy  and  deserving,  and  has  stronger  claims  on  the 
munificence  of  the  state,  than  the  claimof  these  unfortunate  persons, 
deprived  of  the  sense  of  hearing.  And  now  it  is  no  longer  an  ex- 
periment to  be  tried  whether  the  deaf  and  dumb  can  be  taught 
an  education  to  qualify  tliem  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  blessings  oi 
a  free  government,  and  obtaining  the  means  of  subsistence  and 
the  discharge  ot  those  daties,  religious,  social  and  political,  devolv- 
ing upon  American  citizens,  but  the  experiment  has  been  tried 
and  found  that  it  can  be  done,  and  hence  a  class  of  persons,  only 
a  few  years  ago,  who,  as  it  was  supposed,  were  useless  to  them- 
eelves  and  to  society,  can  be  made  under  proper  instruction,  use- 
ful citizens,  and  whilst  the  other  states  are  fostering  institutions  of 


r 


11 


ifaift  cbariKrtier,  fo  edticaf^  ber  d^aCftmi  dtnab,  tb^innteeft  of  tbh 
bstttnte  eonfid^Titly  trust,  the  legislature  of  this'  Btkte  "mil  not  be 
«I6w  in  doiBg'tbfiit-  4xitf  ih  a  like  miiuiiek*.  To  refuse  It'  would  not 
be  eharaeterifltioof 'tb«  age  in  #bich  we  lire,  or  the  people  of  this 
State,  for  it  is  one  of  the  main  objects  of  our  StatOj  to  give  every 
d^nd  wKbin  her  domaiii,  the  means  of  obtaining  an  education, 
and  the'  Stkteba^  be^n  tmspairingjCaud  justly  soyin  lavtAinghto 
'tteans  to  maintain  a  system  otffe6  schools,  secured  to  none  in  ady 
other  state  or  country,  to  educate  her  children  which  are  in  the 
ftill  poBsesfltfon  of  all  their  senses.  Eietend  then,  and  contmue  this 
noble  object  tothose  children  of  6jXi  State,  who  haire  been  eo  un- 
fortunate as  to^be  deprived  of  the  sense  of  hearing.  They^  tod, 
can  be  educated  and  made  respectable  and  vahiablo  citizens,  with- 
out :Which  l^y  are  a  burden  to  thein<selves,  to  their  friends  and  to 
the  State.  ^ 

The'trnetees  have  secured  the  services  of  Hiram  Philips,  a  mute, 
and  gradoate  of  the  6bio  Institution  for  the  education  of  the  dejif 
and  dumb,  as  a  teacher.  He  is  a  young  man,  exceedingly  ^eH 
calculated  for  teaching,  possessmg  fine  attainments  for  one  of  Ms 
imfertunate  class ;  fine  address,  pleasing  manners,  and  in  every 
way  calculated  to  win  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  pupils  under 
his  charge. 

Ifcis  cocftdenly  believed  by  the  board,  in  order  to  carry  out  the 
whote  plan  of  instruction,  as  it  is  done  in  the  other  states  in  lik!s 
institations,  it  is  now  time  for  the  legislature  to  make  aii  appropri- 
ation to  the  Institute  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  suitable  build- 
ing, to  eoab^othe  board  to  establish  some  useful  trade  to  be  taught 
to  the  male  piupils,  th<at  when  they  leave  the  Institute  they  will  be 
prepared  to  engage  in  a  respectable  calling  for  their  support  and 
iiaiatainance.  It  is  a  fact  well  ascertained,  that  a  large  majority 
of  the  mwte^  of  this  State  are  of  poor  parentage,  possessing  little 
or  DO  financial  ability  to  aid  their  unfortunate  aspirings,  aside  from 
dothiag-them  while  under  insttnetion^  and  hence  the  necessity 
elm  be  eam(y  eeenf  that  it  is  not  only  necessary  to  educate  them  in 
ike  Qcmunoo  bvaneheiB  of  education,  but  they  should  be  taught 


iome  useful  tirade  in  wUich  they  may  emgage  after  leaving  the  In- 1 
atitnte,  and  are  thrown  upon  the  world  to  provdie  for  tbemselvei. 
Thi9  can  be  eaailj  done  and  with  but  a  trifling  expense  to  the 
State,  except  the  building,  tools  and  the  stock  to  be  laid  in  to  be 
noanufactured. 

In  the  state  of  Indiana  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  institution  has  two 
buildings  erected}  in  which  separate  trades  are  carried  on.  One 
is  coopering  and  the  other  is  that  of  making  boots  and  shoes. 
And  the  result  of  the  experiment  is  highly  gratifying,  and  has 
sacceeded  beyond  the  anticipation  of  its  board  of  noanagers.  Tbe 
mute,  experience  has  proved,  easily  acquires  the  use  of  toola,  and 
readily  comprehends  most  of  the  mechanical  arts,  and  wlien 
properly  taught  succeeds  in  makiig  a  good  mechanic. 

The  board  theri^ore  ask  the  legislature  to  make  an  appropiia- 
tion  at  this  session  in  the  sum  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  for  that 
purpose,  and  the  board  would  here  particularly  state,  that  they 
have  made  a  close  examination  on  this  subject  matter,  and  tbe 
sum  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  is  the  lowest  sum  that  will  enable 
them  to  build  a  suitable  building,  purchase  tools,  and  material  to 
be  manufactured,  and  to  hire  some  experienced  mechanic  to  wwk 
and  teach  the  pupils  the  trade. 

The  present  buildings,  when  fully  completed,  will  not  accommo- 
date more  than  sixty  pupils,  together  with  all  necessary  help,  of- 
ficers and  teachers ;  and  at  tbe  rate  of  increase  in  tbe  Indiana  and 
Illinois    institutions  for  the    education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
which  is   about  twelve    each  year  since   they  were  eatabliahed, 
would  give  to  this  institute  at  tbe  end  of  four  years,  nearly  or 
quite  eighty  pupils,  an  entirely  greater  number  than  the  present 
building  can  accommodate.     And  taking  the  increase  of  this    in- 
stitute por  year,  since  it  was  first  started,  which  has  been  at   tlie 
rate  of  fifteen  per  year,  we  find  that  the  number  of  pupils  will  be 
eighty  at  the  end  of  three  years. 

This  demonstrates  the  necessity  of  providing  at  as  early  a  pe- 
jriod  as  possible,  more  room  for  the  pupils,  and  to  do  this,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  commence  the  erection  of  the  main,  building  as  aoovi 


1»^ 


as  next  Bummer,  so  as  to  be  able  to  complete  it  in  time  to  meet  the 
wants  of  the  institute.  The  whole  codt  of  the  main  bnildiog  ac- 
eoir4ii3ig  ^o  the  Uisk  and  closest  calculation  which  the  trustees  are 
able  to  make,  taking  into  consideration  the  present  price  of  mate- 
rials, labor,  &c.y  will  be  thirty  thousand  dollars.  The  trustees 
therefore  ask  that  the  snm  of  ten  thousand  dollars  be  appropriated 
for  the  year  18d5,  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  the  year 
1966y  md  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for  the  year  IbST. 
Witb  tbeae  i^prorialions  the  trusteed  will  be  enabled  to  make  a 
e^Mutmct  to  eotnplete  the  building  by  the  time  the  last  appropria- 
tion can  be  drawn  from  the  treasury.  By  making  the  appropria- 
tioa  of  thirty  tbonaand  to  be  drawn  in  three  equal  installments, 
makes  it  come  comparatively  eaay  on  the .  treasury,  enables  the 
tmalCees  to  complete  the  building  in  time  to  accommodate  the  pn* 
pil8,.aed  will  furnish  fall  time  to  commence  and  complete  the 
bniUUng  in  a  good  and  snbstatitial  manner. 

BaapeetfuHy  submitted, 
Wu.  0.  Allkn,  Secretary.  H.  HUITT,  President. 


14 


EEPORt. 

Of  tJie  Committee  constituted  hy  Hfie  BdaM  of  frudeSs  of  thi^ 
Institute  for  the  eduoation  of  the  Deaf  and  DumJb  of  yfisconr 
8in^  to  visit  the  like  Institutes  of  Ohio  arid  Indiana : 

OmAemm  of  the  B^ofl/^of  Trustees: 

The  undef signed,  (diairman  of  the  cf^nlmlttee  «ho8en'«t  your 
Iitet  txteetiDg,  to  Visit  tibe  IttBtitnleA  ^t  Ohio  atid  Indjluftft  tor  the 
dBtif  and  dumb,  wo&ld  respMtfnflly  ask^'Bubmit  tiie  AUow^ 
report,  aB  the  resalt  ^  the  mission  to  •said'  InetittitM: 

'  At  T  o'clock,  A*  M.,  on  Tuesday,  the  14th  Bltime.,  your  ooa- 
iiiittee  left  Deleran  for  IstdianapoUs  «nd  Oolumbus,  amd  ar- 
rired  at  the  former  -^^d  in  the-  altomoott  of  the  followitig  ^, 
attd  on  Ibe  succee^ling  morning,  Norettiber  14kfa,  called  mik  Mr. 
Mclntjre,  the  Boperintendent'of  the  Iildilaiiai  Institute  for  tlie^eif 
and  damit).  Mr.  Molntjre  reoeived  ns  vith  great  cordiality,  and 
treated' bs  with  'mu^h  kindness  and  atteotioli.  ' 

The  better  part  of  the  day  he  devoted  exclasiFcly  to  exhibiting 
the  classes  and  their  exercises ;  the  structure  aud  arrangement  of 
the  buildings,  the  grounds,  out  buildings,  mechanical  department, 
green-house,  mode  of  warming,  ventilating,  &c. ;  and  closed  iridi 
a  brief  but  very  interesting  dissertation  on  various  topics  intimats^ 
ly  connected  with  the  object  of  our  visit,  embracing  mode  of 
teaching,  the  importance  of  establishing  a  mechanical  departm^it 
in  connection  with  these  institutes,  the  duties  and  labors  of  teachr 
ers,  officers  and  pupils ;  and  commented  very  candidly  and  prac- 
tically upon  the  failure  of  plans,  previous  attempts  at  wainung 
that  institute,  and  other  public  establishments,  &c. 

We  would  not  omit  to  mention  that  we  accepted  the  very  polite 
invitation  of  the  Superintendent  to  dine  with  them  at  the  Instita- 
tion. 

We  were  conducted  into  a  spacious  hall  or  dining  room  in  whicb 
were  congregated  some  160  pupils  and  8  teachersi  with  onr  host 
to  preside.    The  female  pupils  occupied  one  end  of  tbe  hall  and 


r 


16 

th^  male  pnpils  t)ie  other,  while  the  Buperioteiiclent,  tcaehers  and 
oompany  sat  at  a  tranaverse  table  in  the  centre. 

After  a  blessing  by  Mr.  Mclntyre  in  the  sign  Ungioage,  which 
was  very  appropriate  and  solemni  wor  partook  of  as  excellent  a 
meU  as  we  could  have  desired  on  any  occasion. 

The  pupils  were  under  remarkably  good  discipline  and  were 
well  behaved,  and  a  more  ipterestiag  compapy  of  young,  gent^- 
men,  engaged  as  teachers  in  this  Institution,  we  remember  never 
to  have  seen  in  any  institution  of  learning  in  our  country. 

The  buildings  of  this  estaMishment  ai;e  claimed  bj  the  friends 
to  be  tbe  best  that  are  now  completed  in  the  United  States.  How 
thiB  is,  your  committee  are  not  prepared  or  called  on  to  decide. 
But  we  are  justified  in  saying  that  the  main  edifice  is  a  splendid  ^ 
building,  substantial  in  structure,  elegant  and  tastefu|  in  architec- 
ture, and  harmonious  in  proportion,  and  surrounded  by  one  of  the 
most  tastefully,  arranged  grounds  to  be  found  in  the  west. 

The  walks  were  in  admirable  condition,  and  the  grounds  deco- 
rated with  a  profusion  of  evergreens,  flowering  shrubs,  together  r 
with  some  fine  full  grown  specimens  of  the  native  fprest  treeji,  i^l 
of  which  are  tastefully  arranged,  reflecting  much  credit  upou 
those  concerned  in  originating  and  carrying  out  the  design  of  tbe 
same,  rendering  this  place  a  delightful  retreat  and  home  for  this 
unfortunate  olass. 

On  Friday,  18th,  left  Indianapplis  for  Columbus^  Qhio,  in  wbich^ 
dtj  we  arrived  at  4. o'clock,  P.  M»,  of  tbe  same  day.    The  follow- 
ing monuGg,  (19th)  called  at  the  institution  for  the  dpaf  an<^  dumb ,. 
in  time  to  attend  mpm^ng  ehapel  exer<\i9^s.   ,  Wq  ^ere  Qordialjy; 
welcom^d  by  its-honored  heafl,  fiiQ  Bev,  Hr.  Stpm,  A*  M, 

As  the  structure  of  this-  ingtikntiQn  is  old  And  rather  dilajpida-  ^ 
te4  'We  w^re  partionlarly  intereated^in  the  more  important  and  vi- 
tal pact,  the  ppjpils  an^  their educa^ipPi  and.  of .  the^e   we  oanuot ,  j 
q)eak  in  terms  of  too  high  praise. 

This  institution  has  been  in  sucoessful  operation  neai;ly  thirty  . 
years,  and  now  jiambera  over  160i  pupils.  These  are  4i^i<lQd  iato  . 
8  classes,  v 


16 

'  Bj  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Stone,  we  were  shown  the  entire  estab- 
Ikhment  We  were  particularly  interested  in  the  high  degree  of 
the  moral  and  mental  cultare  of  the  pupils,  their  cleanly  appear- 
ance and  polite  behavior.  Intelligence,  goodness  of  heart,  cheer- 
fulness and  CDUtentment  of  mind,  were  exhibited  in  the  countenan- 
ces of  nearly  every  pupil. 

The  contemplated  new  building  of  which  we  saw  the  plan  and 
elevation,  will  be  just  what  is  needed. 

It  is  proposed  to  erect  this  edifice  upon  the  present  site,  a  ten- 
acre  lot,  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  a  beautiful,  as  well  as  a  very 
valuable  location. 

'  Hnnday  morning,  20th,  left  for  home,  via.  Indianapolis,  Mich. 
City,  and  Chicago,  and  arrived  home  Oct.  21st 

After  thus  briefly  stating  some  of  the  leading  facts  and  incidents 
connected  with  our  visit  to  the  two  above  named  institutions,  we 
will  devote  a  few  moments  to  the  consideration  of  those  concla- 
sinns  at  which  jour  committee  have  arrived  applicable  to  our  own 
Institution. 

'l.  Tliis  institution  must  be  the  home  of  its  pupils  for  the  space 
of  Tor  JO  years. 

It  is  difficult  to  conceive  fully  the  misfortune  of  deafness  to  the 
human  mind. 

The  great  means  of  communicating  ideas  to  the  mind  and  under- 
standing is  that  of  speech,  and  of  this  the  deaf  mute  can  know 
nothing;  forever  de^irived  of  (he  sense  of  hearing,  the  mind 
would  be  doomed  to  per]^etual  ignorance,  but  for  the  sign  lan- 
guage. But  we  are  happy  to  say  that  this  modern  invention,  or 
we  might;  with  great  propriety,  call  it  a  creation,  is  a  mairelons 
though  nut  an  equal  substitute  for  that  of  articulate  sounds.  The 
pr6gress  of  educating  the  almost  latent  powers  of  the  mind  of  the 
deaf  mute  is  consequently  slow  and  extremely  difficulf,  requiring 
constant,  scientific,  thorough  and  protracted  application  both*  oa 
the  part  of  teacher  and  pupiU  Tliis  takes  up  so  much  time  of 
youth  after  10  or  12  years  of  age,^  the  period  at  which  they  are  ad- 
mitted into  the  like  institutions,  that  it  is  necesBuy  that  the  asy* 


17 

lam  be  made  the  home  of  this  class  of  children.  And  therefore, 
the  buildings  are,  and  of  neceasitj  mast  be,  conatracted  with  re- 
ference to  these  important  facts. 

The  institution  must  be  the  home  of  tha  deaf  mate  pupils.  The 
superintendent,  assume  the  capacity  and  responsibility  of  parent, 
and  the  pupils  become  brothers  and  sisters.  Here  they  must  live 
and  attend  schocd,  go  to  church,  and  also  here  they  ought  to  learn 
some  useful  trade  or  occupation,  suitably  preparing  them  to  eater 
upon  the  business  of  life  with  a  fair  prospect  of  earning  a  liveli- 
hood  and  becoming  nsefnl  members  of  society. 

2.  'Intimately  connected  with  the  above  coBclosion  is  this,  that 
the  system  of  education  should  be  complete  in  all  its  parts,  adapt- 
ed to  the  constitution  and  wants  of  humanity.  Man  is  constitu- 
tionally amoral,  intellectual  and  animal  being,  and  the  correspond- 
ing  wants  are  religion,  intelligence  and  bodily  comforts.  Educa- 
tion, in  its  full  and  appropriate  sense,  oonaiets  in  developing  the 
whole  mas  in  symmetrical.propordoq,  preparing  him  to  act  in  hit 
6everal  spheres  efficiently  find  as  the  creator  designed. 

So  far  as  we  know,  the  religious  and  intellectual  branches  of 
education  are  qnited  in  the  various  institutions  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb  in  the  United  States. 

But  here  some  of  them  stop ;  the  mechanical  or  manual  depart- 
ment is  omitted.  But  all  acknowledge  their  importance,  at  least 
this  is  the  case  at  Columbus. 

We  would  recommend  that  the  board,  at  an  early  day  as  possi- 
ble, adopt  one  or  more  of  the  mechanical  trades  as  a  part  of  the 
education  of  the  male  pupils.  Amongst  them  coopering  and  cab- 
inet making  stand  first  The  cooper  shop  at  the  Indiana  institute 
made  clear  of  all  cost  over  $160  the  present  year.  It  is  not,  how- 
ever, the  profit  that  should  be  exclusively  taken  into  the  account — 
it  should  be  instituted  even  if  it  did  not  pay  in  dollars  and  centSi 
for  the  acquirement  of  a  trade  only  is  a  branch  of  education  that 
49hould  in  no  case  be  omitted. 

8.  With  regard  to  our  own  state  institatton,  though  in  its  in- 
iancyi  still  after  visiting  o&en  of  riper  years,  and  examining  near* 


18 

Ij  all  the  plans  of  ihe  Tarioos  institatioDS  in  the  country,  we  feel 
some  degree  of  pride  in  knowing  that  bo  far  as  onra  is  constmcted 
and  put  into  operation  it  is  nearly  all  that  could  have  been  desired, 
and  more  than  could  hav^e  been  expected,  considering  the  circum- 
stances and  limited  means  the  trustees  have  labored  under.  Its 
economy  of  arrangement  and  the  beauty  of  architecture,  consider- 
ing the  cost,  is  not  probably  surpassed  by  any  similar  institution 
in  America.  During  our  visit  we  have  received  some  important 
hints  that  will  materially  assist  the  future  opperations  in  building, 
heating,  cooking,  &e.  Still  the^plan  is  in  the  main  pronounced  by 
excellent  judges  as  r^rj  good,  and  the  order  of  architecture  unsnrr 
passed.  We  are  warranted  in'saying  that  when  the  entire  edifice 
is  erected  and  completed  it  will  be  just  what  is  needed  and  an 
honor  to  the  state. 

We  would  also  say  that  so  far  as  we  are  capable  of  judging, 
the  ability  with  which  your  Institution  is  conductedunder  the 
supervision  of  L.  H.  Jenkins,  its  present  superentendent,  it  will 
compare  favorably  with  either  the  Indiana  or  the  Oulumbos 
institutes.    * 

H.  HUNT,Oh'n. 


r 


19 
REPORT  OF  THE  PRIKOIPAL. 


To  the  Trustees  of  the  Wisconsin  InstiMionfor  the  Mltication 
of  the  Deaf  and  Dumh. 

Gentixhbk: — ^The  year  jngt  closed  terminates  the  first  year  of 
mj  labor,  as  Prlnoipal  of  this  Institution.  It  has  been  a  year  em- 
phatically of  pioneer  labors,  a  y^ar  fraught  vdth  many  solioitudea;* 
but  a  year  to  which  I  can  lock  back  in  after  life  as  one  in  whioh^. 
with  yourselves,  I  bore  a  part  in.  eatabliahing  the  discipline  and 
order  ot  an  institution  which  will  continue  to  impart  intelligence' 
and  happiness  to  many  an  unfortunate  mjite,  wfafin  we  as  ixidiyi* 
duals  shall  be  forgotten. 

He  who  is  called  to  take  the  direction  of  a  State  Institution  in » 
its  infancy,  enters  upon  a  work  of.  great  responsibility.   The  spiritr 
he  imparts  to  its  affairs  for  years  will  exert  an  iiiflaetuce.    The- 
modes  of  procedure  which  he  is  instrumental  in  adopting  will  bo^- 
come  precedents  which  will  e:«;ert  a  binding  influence  upon  its  a&r 
fairs,  and  will  either  retard  or  facilitate  its  usefulnesSi;    If  »lax» 
state  of  discipline  be  permitted  in  the  infancy  of  iastitation  it  od^* 
Ij  paves  the  way  for  future  troubles  and  difliciulties.    On  the  con- 
^  trarj,  if  obedience  to  l^w  be  enforced,  and  respect  for  ailthoritT . 
inculcated,  the.  happy  effect  is  seen  in  the  order  of  the  institution," 
and  in  the  good  character  of  its  graduates.    These  principles  ap* 
ply  to  the  management  of  any  literary  institution,'  bat  they  aj»ply 
with  still  greater  force  to  the  management  of  a  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institution,.whose  pupils  with  a  few  exceptions  have  been  subiectsd. 
to  little  or  no  discipline  before  entering  the  institution.   The  Prtm^ 
cipal  was  fortunate  in  securing  the  co-operation  of  a  Bofca4  o£P 
Trustees  who,  inflnencedby  such  consiidenitiaQfli  adopted  a  bod^ 
of  rules  for  its  ^vemment,  whose  efficacy  had  been  demonstrated!: 
in  the  institutions  of  the  older  states.    The  wisdom  of  their  adep- 


20 

tion  has  already  been  eeen  in  the  marked  change  that  has  taken 
place  in  the  deportment  of  the  pupils;  a  change  which  has  been 
observed  not  only  by  their  instructors  but  by  the  community.  If 
the  deaf  and  dumb  could  make  no  advancement  in  literature,  but 
could  only  be  improved  in  their  personal  habits,  and  in  their  con* 
formity  to  the  rules  of  good  society,  an  effort  at  such  improvement 
would  be  worthy  of  the  labor  it.  demands.  This  Institution  has 
enjoyed  a  vantage  ground  in  this  respect,  having  thus  availed  it- 
self of  the  rules  that  have  been  proved  by  long  experience  to  be 
60  well  adapted  to  deaf-mute  education.  The  beneficial  results  al- 
ready 'exhibited,  are  btit  a  tithe  of  what  will  yet  be  seen,  for  by 
them  we  will  be  enabled  to  avoid  rocks  and  qui^^ksands,  which 
embarvassed  the  early  instructors  of  the  deaf  and  dumb. 

Aesoon  ad  possible  after  entering  upon  my  duties,  I  visited, 
vfitk  several  of  the  pupils,  prominent  places  in  the  State,  for  the 
purpose  ot  exhibiting  the  method  of  instruction  and  calling  the 
attention  of  the  public  to  the  subject  of  deaf-mute  education.  I 
shall  ever  remeitiber  the  kind  reception  which  was  extended  to 
ite  by  bis  Excellency  Governor  W.  A.  Barstow,  and  the  deep  in- 
terest he  manifested  in  the  subject  of  deaf-mute  education.  In 
every  place  where  I  presented  the  subject,  they  were  impressed 
with  the  cpnvititioQ  that  the  State  should  place  its  benevolent  m- 
stitotions  upon  no  ephemeral  basis,  but  should  '  afford  them  aid 
commensurate  with '  their  necessities.  > 

I  hwT^  to*  record  the  loss  the  Institution  has  sustained  in  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  F.  K.  Phoeniijc,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Tras- 
teesand  its  former  Secretary.  The  resignation  of  Mr.  Phoenix 
wap  ocoasionled  by  his  removal  to  a  nister  Sti&te.  His  services  to 
the  Institution  have  been  most  valuable.  H^  contributed  the 
beamtiiftil  eite  on  which  it  is  located.  He  'shar^  with  the  other 
niextib9^  of  the  Board  in  the  pioneer  labors  of  its  establishmenf, 
and  ilk  always  rendered  to  the  Principal  his  mo6t  efficient  sympa- 
thy ttid  support. 

%  The  services  of  Prof.  Hiram  PhilHps,  a'  deaf  niute  gentleman 
hks^  b44iiM<mred  in  ^  inSeilecttiiil  departmetit.    He  is  d  graduate 


r 


21 

of  the  Ohio  Inatitate  for  the  Deaf  and  Bomb,  and  while,  counocted 
with  it  was  distinguished  among  his  elass  mates  for  his  proficienc^jr 
in  his  studies.  Mr.  Hubbell  who  was  superintendent  of  that  It^- 
stitution  for  over  a  period  of  twenty  years,  thus  speaks  of  him : 

"I  consider  him  number  one,  or  about  that,  of  all  my  pupils, 
graduates  of  the  Ohio  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution  "   The  late  Rev. 
J.  Addison  Gary,  for  nineteen  years  a  professor  in  the  New  York 
Institution    and    also    Superintendent   of  the  Ohio    Institution 
recommended   him    as    a    suitable    person    for   an   Instructor 
and  remarked  of  him,  that  he  was  one  of  the  ablest  mutes 
with  whom  he  had  been  acquainted.    Instructors  in  other  Institu- 
tions ^irill  know  his  qualifiiiations,  when  I  say  that  he  can  with 
ease  read  and  enjoy  the  standard  works  of  English  literature.    He 
entered  upon  his  duties  a^t  the  commencement  of  tlie  present  term, 
in  September  last,  and  has  fully  equalled  the  opinions  I  had  form- 
ed in  respect  to  his  fitness  for  thcresponsible  position  of  an  Instruc- 
tor.   The  most  important  requsite  for  a  mute  instructor,  after 
moral  character,  is  such  an  acquaintance  with  the  English  lan- 
guage as. to  be  able  to  understand  its  idromatic  structure,  and  use 
it  with  grammatical  correctness.    Those  who  have  never  attempt- 
ed to  teaph  the  English  language  to  a  mute  or  to  a  foreigner  have 
a  very  slight  idea  of  its  idiomatic  difficulties.    A  mute  teachers' 
knoTv  ledge  of  the  English  language  should  be  so  perfect  that  he 
could  converse  in  it  with  ease,  and  with  such  ease,,  that  he  woj»^d 
prefer  it  to  the  sign- language.    He  should  thus  make  use  of  man- 
ual alphabet  in  conversation,  more  than  that  of  the  language  of 
signs,  and  by  his  es^ample,  the  pupils  would  be  stimulated  to  the 
daily  use  of  the  words,  they  had  acquired  in  their  several  classes, 
and  would  thus  make  far  greater  proficiency  in  the  acquisition  and 
knowledge  of  the  language  by  which  alone  they  can  have  commu- 
nication with  the  community  among  whom  their  lot  may  be  cast 
after  leaving,  the  Institution. 

A  small  number  of  books  have  been  procured  for  the  commence- 
ment of  a  librarpr  for  the  institution.  These  books  I  hope  will  be 
the  nucleus  of  a  library  which  will  increase  with  the  wants  ot  the 


P  — 


2i 

iDBiitotion.  I  regard  it  of  importance  that  there  be  connected 
with  the  institution,  a  library  selected  with  special  reference  to 
the  wants  of  the  instructros  and  their  pnpils.  To  the  former  they 
will  afford  means  for  the  illastration  of  the  lessons  to  the  class,  and 
to  the  latter  they  will  be  a  constant  stimulus  in  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge. 

Pupils  are  frequently  sent  to  institutions  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb,  whose  physical  or  mental  condition  is  such  that  they  can 
receive  no  benefit  from  the  course  of  instruction  pursued  in  such 
institutions.  It  is  often  difficult  to  ascertain  either  by  letter  or 
even  personal  inquiry,  whether  every  applicant  is  a  suitable  one. 
Besides  many  whose  first  appearance  is  not  prepossessing,  after- 
wards are  much  improved.  The  only  rule  concerning  such  appli- 
'cants  that  seems  to  be  impartial,  is  to  permit  all  the  privilege  of  a 
trial,  and  if  it  is  found  that  they  cannot  be  benefitted,  to  have 
them  returned  to  their  homes.  The  pupils  have  been  returned  to 
their  homes  whom  we  have  not  been  able  to  benefit.  If  there  be 
any  difficult  duty  for  me  to  perform,  and  one  from  the  performance 
of  which  I  would  be  excused,  it  is  to  return  a  pupil  to  its  parents, 
Informing  them  it  cannot  be  educated.  The  course  of  that  I  hare 
pursued  is  analagous  to  that  pursued  by  the  principals  of  other 
institutions  like  our  own.  The  President  of  the  New  York  insti- 
tution thus  remarks  in  the  twenty-ninth  annual  report  of  that  in- 
etitution,  upon  this  subject :  "  Such  cases  not  unfrequently  occur. 
Children  are  sometimes  sent  to  us,  whom,  on  trial,  we  find  to  be 
dumb,  not  from  deafness,  but  from  defective  intellect,  while  a  few 
who  arej  actually  deaf,  have  other  infirmities  superadded,  that 
make  their  stay  in  the  institution  detrimental  to  it  without  benefit 
to  themselves.  The  appropriate  object  of  our  institution,  is  to.  de- 
velope  and  cultivate  the  minds  of  those  who,  by  the  congenital  or 
accidental  loss  of  hearing,  and  by  that  loss  alone  have  been  cut  off 
rfrom  the  ordinary  sources  of  knowledge.  Derangements  of  the 
.  mental  functions,  or  of  the  nervous  system,  are  entirely  out  of  our 
,  province.'' 

The  good  health  that  has  prevailed  among  the  pupils  the  past 


S8 

year,  is  a  great  reason  for  thankfttlness  to  oar  kind  Hoarenlj 
Father.    There  has  been  no;]  critical  case  of  sickness.    Freqaent 
cases  of  indisposition  hare  occurred,  as  must  always  be  the  case 
among  such  a  number  of  pupils,  but  they  are  generally  reliered 
by  timely  remedies  and  attentions  from  those  to  whose  care  the 
health  of  t^e  pupils  is  entrusted.    Yet  it  is  wr  melancholy  duty 
to  record  the  death  of  one  of  our  most  promising  pupils,  Miss 
Helen  Hews,  of  Eagle,  Waukesha  county.    She  will  be  recollect- 
ed as  the  little  girl  with  flaxen  ringlets,  who  excited  so  much  in- 
terest at  the  exhibition  of  the  pupils  before  the  legislature  during 
the  last  winter.    Her  death  was  occasioned  not  by  disease,  but  by 
accident.    It  occurred  not  during  the  session  of  the  school,  but 
while  Tisitiog  her  home  in  the  vacation.     While  her  two  little 
Bisters  were  playing  near  the  railroad  track,  by  her  father's  house, 
she  saw  a  train  of  cars  approaching  in  the  distance,  and  ran  to 
apprise  them  of  their  danger,  when  suddenly  another  train  from 
behind  struck  her,  causing  instant  death.    It  was  an  accident  for 
which  no  one  could  be  blamed,  not  even  herself,  for  she  lost  her 
life  in  a  noble  endeavor  to  save  that  of  others.    Her  seeming  un- 
timely death  is  deplored  by  her  instructors  and  her  classmates. 
Amidst  the  activities  of  life  her  memory  will  soon  be  forgotten, 
yet  her  child-life  of  fourteen  years  was  not  altogether  useless,  for 
by  her  proficiency  in  her  studies,  her  sprightly  disposition,  and 
her  bright  appearance,  she  did  much  to  awaken  an  interest  in  the 
education  of  the  deaf  mutes  of  our  State. 

NUICBEB     OF   PUPILS. 

The  number  of  pupils  who  have  been  under  instruction  during 
the  past  year  is  thirty  one.  The  number  in  actual  attendance  at 
the  present  time  is  twenty-six.  One  of  these  is  from  the  state  of 
Illinois.  The  number  of  pupils  has  more  than  doubled  during  the 
past  year.  By  correspondence  and  personal  inquiry,  I  have 
learned  of  quite  a  number  who  ought  to  be  unde^  instruction. — 
Many  of  these  are  kept  at  hooftC,  and  consequently  in  ignorance, 
for  reasons  the  most^trivial,  while  others  are  retained  from  the 


84 

feelii^  to  nataral  to  parents,  which  dreftds  a  separatioB  from  their 
children*  I  have  beard  of  many  others  who  are  too  yoong  to  en- 
ter the  institntion,  bat  who  in  a  few  years  will  be  old  enough  ta 
enjoj  its  advantages.  The  nnmber  to  be  provided  for  in  the  com- 
ing year,  will  at  least  amonnt  to  thirty-five  ot  forty.  From  tiie 
fSftCt  that  the  pnpils  ef  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution  are  to  be  col- 
lected from  all  portions  of  the  state,  and  that  many  of  them  live 
in  retired  localities,  the  increase  of  pnpik  mnst  necessarily  be 
smalL  Yet  in  this  respect,  this  institution  does  not  suffer  in  com" 
parison  with  that  of  other  institutions  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  in 
their  InfiEincy.  The  Kew  York  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
was  opened  with  a  class  of  only  four  pupils,  and  the  number  has 
increased,  nntil  now  it  has  become  a  school  of  over  two  hundred 
and  sixty  pupils.  Mr.  H.  N.  Hubbell,  Esq.,  the  former  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Ohio  Institution,  has  kindly  furnished  me  with  the 
following  acconnt  of  the  infancy  of  that  institution. 

*f[  commenced  teaching  in  October,  1829,  if  I  rightly  recollect^ 
and  all  the  pnpils  I  could  get  together  to  begin  with,  after  six 
months  advertising  in  the  papers  were  three  pupils,  and  this  was 
two  or  three  weeks  after  we  should  have  begun,  not  one  having 
made  his  appearance  at  the  day  appointed,  viz :  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber. One  of  the  three  was  idiotic.  Another  died  insane  in  onr 
Oounty  Infirmary,  after  having  been  at  the  Institution  a  number 
of  years.  Only  one  of  the  first  made  a  man — ^this  was  Mr.  Flen- 
niken.  He  lives  a  few  miles  from  Columbus,  and  sometimes  vis- 
its the  Institution  with  his  wife,  who  is  deaf  and  dumb.  The 
whole  number  who  came  in  the  first  year  was  nine.  These  drop- 
ped in  one  after  another  during  the  year.  The  second  year  we  had 
eighteen  or  twenty.  The  third  year,  twenty-five  to  thirty,  inoreas- 
ing  some  ten  a  year  during  several  of  the  first  years."  From 
each  beginnings,  the  Ohio  Institution  has  increased  nntil  now  it 
numbers  about  one  hnndred  and  sixty  pupils.  The  Indiana  Xnsti- 
tution  was  established  in  1843,  twelve  years  ago,  and  now 
numbers  enehmidred  and  sixty  pnpils.  When  we  consider  tbfr 
rapidity  with  which  oar  stale  is  increasing  in  popnlatioii,  &e  deep 


1 


25 

interest  already  manifested  in  the  success  of  its  educational  Insti- 
tutioDS,  and  tbe  number  of  railroads  completed  and  in  progress 
which  will  bring  this  institution  within  a  fewhoura  ride  of  any 
portion  of  the  state,  we  cannot  but  believe  that  the  same  gloriouB 
career  of  usefulness  awaits  this  institution  as  the  ones  to  which  we 
have  alluded.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  the  dictate  of  prudence 
that  our  plans  should  have  reference  not  merely  to  the  present 
necessities  of  the  Institation^  but  to  its  future  prospects. 

FRBB  ADMIBSIOK  OF  PTTPtLS. 

By  a  reference  to  the  rules  adopted  by  yourselves  for  the  gOT- 
emment  of  the  Institution,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  provide  that 
*^  All  the  deaf  and  dumb  of  the  state,  between  the  ages  of  ten  and 
thirty  years,  are  entitled  to  an  education,  without  charge  for  board 
or  tuition  in  this  Institution,  on  compliance  with  its  rule&"  Thi^ 
places  all  the  unfortunate  deaf  and  dumb  of  the  state  upon  au 
equality  in  respect  to  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  an  education. 
It  makes  no  distinction  between  the  rich  and  the  poor,  but  consid- 
ers them  both  equally  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  the  Institution. 
This  rule,  however,  conflicts  with  the  act  which  was  passed  by 
the  legislature,  incorporating,  the  institution;  for  that  provides 
that  the  parents  of  the  pupils  who  possess  means  shall  pay  for  the 
'board  and  tuition  of  their  children.  It  will  bd  necessary  to  hare 
the  act  of  incorporation  amended  so  that  there  shall  be  no  confliat 
hetween  it  and  the  regulations  of  the  Institution.  This  question 
of  tbe  free  admission  of  pupils  excited  much  attention  in  the 
"T?hird  Convention  of  the  American  Instructors  of  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb,"  held  at  the  Ohio  Institution,  in  August^  1858.  A  resolu- 
tion was  unanimously  adopted,  approving  of  the  free  education  of 
all  the  pupils  of  each  state.  The  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Ill- 
inois have  proffered  free  education  to  all  the  deaf  and  dumb  with- 
in their  limits,  and  it  is  desirou|  that  Wisconsin  should  be  no  less 
generous  to  her  unfortunates.  Wisconsin  has  amply  provided  for 
tiie  education  of  her  speaking  and  hearing  children  in  the  commoa 
schools  and  university  of  the  state.  From  this  patrimony  are  the 
4 


26 

deaf  and  damb  excladed  by  their  infirmity.  Justice  to  them  woald 
require  that  this  loss  be  made  up  to  them  in  some  other  form.  It 
seems  unjust  that  the  parent  of  a  deaf  ana  dumb  child,  who  is 
wealthy  and  pays  his  proportion  of  the  public  taxes  by  which  tho 
institution  is  supported,  should  also  pay  for  the  education  of  bis 
child  in  the  institution,  while  the  parent  of  another  child  pays  lit 
tie  or  no  taxes  and  then  has  his  child  educated  without  charge. 
This  seems  like  imposing  a  double  burden^upon  the  former  parents. 
The  small  amount  that  might  be  received  from  pay  pupils  would 
not  compensate  for  the  disadrantages  that  would  result  from  the 
existence  in  a  state  institution  of  these  two  classes  of  pupils. — 
Mutes  possess  the  same  human  nature  as  speaking  mortals,  and  in- 
vidious distinctions  are  very  easily  drawn  by  them,  concerning 
the  superiority  of  one  class  of  pupils  above  the  other.  In  the 
practical  workings  of  an  institution  it  is  important  that  such  things 
should  be  avoided.  Besides,  if  such  a  distinction  be  made,  some 
parents  who  may  be  able  to  support  their  child  away  from  home, 
may  not  think  themselves  thus  able  and  the  unfortunate  child  will 
grow  up  in  ignorance.  With  free  admission  it  is  found  difficult 
to  collect  in  the  mutes  from  the  different  parts  of  the  state.  How 
much  more  diflScult  would  it  be  if  this  distiction  be  allowed.  In 
relation  to  this  point,  Mr.  Kerr,  Principal  of  the  Missouri  Institu- 
tion  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  at  the  convention  to  which  allusion 
has  been  made,  said  '^  when  he  attempted  to  get  up  a  school  in 
Missouri  with  this  distinction,  he  worked  months  to  get  only  three 
scholars.  He  went  to  the  Attorney  General  and  said  if  the  distinc- 
tion between  pay  and  state  pupils  was  really  in  the  law  it  was  in 
vain  to  try  to  get  up  a  school.  It  was  agreed  to  receive  all  with- 
out distinction.  The  scholars  then  came  in  rapidly.  He  went  to 
the  legislature  and  asked  an  appropriation,  and  thirty  thousand 
dollars  was  made  for  a  suitable  building  and  other  appropriations 
would  follow.'*  From  these  considerations  I  think  that  all  the 
deaf  and  dumb  of  the  state  should  be  entitled  to  free  admission  in- 
to this  Institution,  and  tliat  an  amendment  be  made  to  the  act  of 
incorporation. 


r 


27 

BHPLOYHEirr  or  pupilb. 

I  wofild  urge  open  your  attention  the  propriety  of  introducing 
es  ooon  a9  practicable,  a  mechanical  department  as  an  essential 
partof  thesjstem  ot  instrnction.  The  proper  education  of  the 
deaf  and  dumb  contemplates  a  developiuent  of  all  their  powers. 
To  this  end  instruction  in  various  handicrafts  has  been  introduced 
in  nearly  all  the  American  Institutions.  The  benefits  to  be  de- 
nied from  snch  a  department  of  instmction  are  self-evident 
Habits  of  industry  would  be  promoted,  skill  in  the  use  of  tools 
woold  be  acquired,  and  many  moments  otherwise  lost  would  be 
profitably  employed.  More  than  this  it  would  fnrnish  to  many  of 
the  pupils  a  means  of  support  after  leaving  the  institution.  The 
tinse  to  be  employed  in  such  a  department  should  be  regulated  so 
as  not  to  encroach  upon  the  hours  allotted  to  study  or  recreation, 
for  the  health  of  the  pupils,  and  their  advancement  in  knowledge 
should  be  considered  as  of  the  first  importance. 

It  is  the  settled  policy  of  the  older  institutions  to  have  a  me- 
ehanical  department,  as  an  essential  part  of  the  system  of  instruc- 
tion. No  Institution  is  complete  without  this  department.  It  has 
also  been  demonstrated  that  after  the  erection  of  necessary  build- 
ings  and  a  supply  of  material,  very  little  expense  attends  this  de- 
partment In  some  of  the  trades,  as  that  of  coopering,  there  has, 
in  the  Indiana  Inititution,  a  profit  been  realized.  In  the  Yirginia 
Xnstitntiony  I  notice  that  they  are  not  a  charge  upon  the  finances 
of  the  institution.  It  is  unquestionable  that  some  trades  could  be 
introduced  thalb  would  not  materially  increase  the  expenses  of  the 
institution.  Of  their  utility  as  a  part  of  the  system  of  instmction, 
tlwre  is  no  question  among  the  various  instructors  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb.  Among  the  male  pupils  of  this  institution  there  are  many 
who  at  this  moment  should  be  receiving  instruction  in  some  useful 
trade.  A  inechanical  department  could  be  introduced  at  this  time 
as  woU  as  at  a  later  period.  From  the  fact  that  the  pupil  can  spend 
only  a  short  period  of  each  day  in  receiving  instruction  in  this  de- 
partment^ it  is  for  his  benefit  that  it  be  introduced  as  soon  as  prac- 
iioable. 


28 

From  these  considerations  I  wonid  respectfuUj  suggest  the  pro- 
priety of  receiving  from  the  legislature,  an  appropriation^f(Mr  the 
erection  of  suitable  workshops,  inwhich  to  proeectkte  such  tmdea 
-as  the  ozperienee  of  other  institutions  have  demonstrated  to  be 
the  most  suitable. 

HOME  EDUCATION  OF  THB  DEAF  AND  DUKB. 

It  of  the  greatest  importance  that  something  be  done  at  home 
iSor  the  education  of  a  child  before  it  reaches  the  age  proper  to  be 
admitted  into  an  institution*  It  is  surprising  what  a  small  nvm- 
ber  of  those  admitted  as  pupils,  have  had  any  instruction  al  home. 
A  few  parents  have,  indeed,  taught  their  children,  before  bringing 
them  to  the  institwtion,  to  form  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  and 
write  the  names  of  simple  objects.  The  contriast  betweeo  suck 
children. and  those  permitted  to  grow  up  without  any  instruction 
at  home,  is  most  striking.  Their  mental  faculties  are  thus  awak- 
ened«  and  their  progress  at  school  is  much  more  ri^id  tiian  those 
who  hive  had  no  previous  training.  Much  can  be  done  by  every 
parent,  if  they  will  only  make  the  effort,  and  perservere  in  a  dail/ 
^brt  to  teach  it  something.  What  parent  is  there  that  does  not 
love  its  unfortunate  child  enough  to  devote  an  hour  of  each  day 
to  such  a  work?    But  how  shall  I  proceed  in  the  inquiry! 

Pirst^  let  the  parent  learn bimself^  and  then  learn  the  child,  the 
.manual  alphabet,  by  which  the  letters  are  represented  by  the 
band. 

'•  Then  let  the  parent  or  friend  write  the  following  siaaple  worda 
on  a  alate,  having  the  child  observe  how  he  forms  each  letter,  via: 
iadz,  fad,  map,  cow,  box,  jar,  sky,  hat,  quilK  glove.  These  ten 
little  words  comprise  all  the  letters  of  the  alphabet 

Then  show  him  a  picture  of  each  of  the  objeets  represented  bj 
the  words^  or  show  him  the  object  itself,  having  him  spell  eaoli 
"word  with  his  fingers,  or  write  it  on  the  slate,  as  the  object  ia  pre- 
sented to  his  mind. 

Having  thoroughly  taught  him  to  write  and  spell  these  ten  word% 
then  teach  him  the  names  of  familiar  objects  about  the  houae,  and 


r 


29 

the  names  of  his  parents  and  relatives ;  afterwards  perform  varions 
actions  and  have  the  child  write  out  the  names  of  such  actions. 

A  system  of  signs  will  spontaneously  arise  between  the  parent 
and  the  Qhild  by  which  they  will  try  to  express  ideas.  This  will 
be  of  service  if  car3  be  taken  to  always  make  the  same  sign  for 
one  object,  and  not  have  two  signs  for  the  same  thing.  Such  ^ 
course  as  this  will  require  the  exertion  of  much  patience,  but  it 
will  be  repaid  a  thousand  fold^in  the  self  respect  that  will  be  im- 
parted to  the  child,  and  its  preparation  to  reap  all  the  advantages 
of  the  course  of  instruction  of  an  institution. 

HOBAL  BfPEOVEMEIirr  OF  THE  DEiiF  AND  DUMB. 

The  crowning  excellence  of  an  institution  for  the  the  education 
of  the  deaf  and  dumb  is  the  marked  change  it  effects  in  the  moral 
character  of  its  pupils.    Speaking  ehildren  from,  their  earliest  in- 
fSwcy  are  accustomed  to  hear  moral  distinctioBs  drawn  by  their 
parefDts  at  the  fire  side,  by  the  different  religious  instructors  of  the 
commanity,  and  the  judicial  tribunals  of  the  state.    BesLdea  this, 
they  are  subjected  to  the  restraining  influences  of  public  opinion, 
and  the  refinements  and  amenities  of  social  lifeu    The  deaf  and 
djQ^h  frcm  their  infirmity  are  excluded  from  the  inflaent^e  o£ these . 
gry>atn^oral  educators.    If  plujQged  into  tha  darkness  of  paganism 
their  moral  oeii4ition  could  be.no  less  deplorable.  It  is  not  strange  > 
then,  that  when  first  brought  to  an  institutieny  their  tempers  are 
ofieo  found  ezeeediitgly  aggnvv^ated,  both  from  ignorance  and  oh- 
djoe  indulgence*    I  nm^  happy  ,to  report  a  marked  improvement  ini  1 
the  deportmei»t  and  moral  ofaaraeter  of  the  pupils.  This  impnove") ' 
ment  has  been  effeeb^d  from,  the  introduction  of  the  usual  diaei-  ( 
plinary  nieans/comnioa  tO:  other  Aanerican  institotiont*  Olieyeiitr,'i 
however^  is  too  short  a  period  in  which  to  demonsfoate  thteivFiliie  > 
for  bad  tempers,  aiifd  bad  habits,,  which  are  the  growth  of  years  of 
ignorance,  and  are  Aot  to  be  eradicate^  ia  a  moment.  i.  • 

]fr«  Jaeojbsi  pripcipal  of:  the  {Kentucky  iivatltatiofi,  gives  the  fol*  -i 
lofwing  ewmpte-of  the  baMfiti;  of  the  amoral  cultvejofa.^eafaiidiii 
doQ^b  iaat^^tio^,— tha  like  oiuieB  are  oAea  exJiibiM  in  aU  inatita-^; 


30 

*<  We  have  jast  dismlsBecl  a  jonng  woman  who  was  a  cliild  ten 
or  eleven  jears  old  when  she  entered  tbe  institntion,  unamiable 
and  ungovernable  in  the  highest  degree.  Her  unhappy  disposition, 
aggravated  by  the  yanity  of  personal  beauty,  was  ]  roof  against 
all  instruction,  reproof  and  discipline,  until  during  tbe  last  year 
of  her  term.  It  at  last  melted  down  and  vanished  under  the  sweet 
influences  of  moral  and  religious  iDstruction.  During  the  past  ses- 
sion, she  was  a  model  to  her  companions  in  industry,  attention, 
gratitude  and  amiable  conduct,  and  gained  the  love  of  her  teach- 
ers to  whom  she  had  previously  been  oftly  an  object  of  sympathy 
and  lorbearance.'' 

AGE  OF  ADMISSION  OF  PUPIU3. 

In  the  education  of  tbe  deaf  and  dumb,  I  consider  it  of  the 
greatest  importance  that  they  be  placed  under  instrdction  at  an 
early  age.  The  rules  of  this  institution  admit  them  when  they 
hare  attained  the  age  of  ten  years.  They  should  not  be  kept 
away  from  the  institution  till  a  later  period  than  tliat  fixed  npon 
by  the  rules,  which  in  this  respect,  are  the  same  as  in  most  of  tbe 
American  Institutions.  The  New  York  Institution  admits  them 
between  the  ages  of  twelve  and  twenty-iive.  6<)metiroes,  Low* 
ever,  a  discretion  is  exercised,  and  in  some  cases  they  are  admits 
ted  before  tbe  age  of  twelve  years. 

The  course  of  instruction  of  the  American  Institution,  extends 
from  a  period  of  from  fire  toseyen  years.    It  is  therefore  impor* 
tant,  that  a  pu|>il  should  pursue  this  coarse  at  an  nge^  when  his 
powers,  both  of  body  and  mind,  are  in  a  condition  to  derive  from 
it  all  of  its  advantages.    It  is  the  opinion  of  those  who  have  de-- 
TOied  many  years  to  the  instruction  of  this  class,  that  before  the 
age  of  ten  years,  a  child's  powers,  both  of  body  and  mind,  ar^ 
not  sufficiently  matured  to  enter  upon  the  course  of  iiistrocttoa 
common  to  the  Ameriean  Institutions.    Tbe  education  of  the  D  jaf 
add  Dumb  is  no  pastime^  either  for  tlie  imtroctor  orthe  piipiK    ft 
isa  labor,  which  tasks  the  physical  and  mental  energies  of  botit',- 
and  without  which,  there  is  no  progress.    It  is  more  advantageous 


f 


31 

to  tho  child  to  be  under  the  care  of  its  parents,  previous  to  the  age 
of  ten  years,  who  could  render  to  it  those  attentions  that  tender 
years  require,  especially  in  the  diseases  incident  to  young  chil- 
dren. 

The  chief  reason,  however,  why  a  pupil  should  not  be  admitted 
before  ten  years  of  age,  is  that  it  would  graduate  at  too  early  a 
period  of  life,  before  its  physical  and  mental  powers  are  sufficient- 
ly developed,  to  be  able  to  grapple  with  the  toils  incident  to  those 
industrial  pursuits  necessary  to  its  own  support.  The  object  of 
an  institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  is  to  prepare  this  class 
when  they  leave  its  walls,  to  become  worthy  citizens,  who  shall 
be  self-reliant,  and  shall  be  able,  not  only  to  support  themselves, 
but  to  share  with  others  in  the  privileges  and  responsibilit'es  of 
citizenship.  The  pupil  is  permitted  the  privileges  of  the  Institu- 
tion from  five  to  seven  years.  If  he  enters  at  ten  years  of  age, 
lie  will  thtm  complete  his  education  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He 
can  then  return  to  his  parents  and  pass  a  few  yeare  at  home,  and 
there  with  a  cultivated  intellect,  can  gain  a  practical  experience 
of  those  matters  pertaining  to  every  day  life,  before  attaining  his. 
minority.  When  a  pnpil  finally  leaves  the  institution,  he  is  re- 
leased  from  those  wholesome  restraints,  which  preserve  him  from 
many  of  the  temptations  of  childhood.  If  he  enter  the  institution 
at  too  early  an  age,  he  wiH  complete  his  studies  and  will  be  cast 
upon  the  world,  when  perhaps  he  is  too  young  to  resist  those  evil 
influences  which  would  make  shipwreck  of  that  moral  character 
which  has  been  developed  dnring  his  course  of  study. 

While  there  are  few  parents  that  desire  the  admission  of  pupils 
at  too  early  an  age,  there^are  more  who  defer  their  education  till 
too  late  a  period  of  life.  Of  these  two  evils  the  latter  is  the  most 
to  be  deplored.  There  is  no  subject  that  deserves  to  be  so  well  un- 
derttood  as  the  evils  resultifig  from  delaying  the  education  of  a  . 
miite.  l%ey  should  be  placed  under  instruction  as  soon  as  they 
attain  the  age  at  which  they  can  be  admitted  into  an  institution. ' 
If  this  it  n6t  done,  and  they  be  {buffered  to  remain  in  ignorance 
for  eighteen  or  twenty  years,  the  experience  6f  all  instructors 


32 

have  demonetrated  the  fact,  that  their  education  is  a  work  alcnoet 
of  impossibility.  For  it  is  a  rule  to  which  there  are  but  few  excep- 
tions, that  the  minds  of  such  have  become  weakened  by  inactivitj, 
and  consequently  never  can  be  tanght  to  understand  and  write 
connected  language ;  that  their  tempers  have  become  ungovern- 
able; that  they  have  acquired  many  vicious  habits,  strange 
notions  and  prejudices  ;  that  their  natures  have  become  very  aus- 
picious; and  that  their  animal  propensities  have  become  too 
greatly  developed.  All  these  evils  can  be  avoided  by  attending 
to  their  early  education.  It  is,  therefore,  alike  the  dictate  .of  wis- 
dom and  humanity,  that  no  expense  or  efforts  should  be  spared  by 
the  parents  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  by  the  state  and  by  the  trus- 
tees and  directors  of  this  institution,  to  secure  the  early  admissicHi 
and  education  of  every  unfortunate  mute  within  the  limits  of  Wis- 
consin. 

BETE»TION  OF  PUPILS  AT  fiOKE. 

By  a  reference  to  the  rules  for  the  admission  of  pupils,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  pupil  is  to  be  brought  to  the  institutiou  punctual- 
ly at  the  ^commencement  of  each  session,  for  the  period  of  five 
years,  unless  detained  at  home  by  his  or  her  own  sickness.  There 
« is  no  rule  of  the  institution  that  is  more  important  than  this,  both 
as  ]:elates  to  the  pupils'  advancement,  and  the  prosperity  of  the 
institution  'itself.  The  pupils  of  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution 
are  grouped  into  classes  according  to  (heir  talents  and  acquire- 
ments. Such  is  the  peculiarity  of  the  mode  of  instruction,  that 
the  members  of  a  class  are  taught  not  f^iaglyy  but  all  at  once ;  the 
teacher  dictating  a  sentence  or  narrative,  ,f^nd  all  the  pupils  writi^ 
it.  simultaneously  upon  their  slates.  Now,  if  a  pupil  be  tardy  in 
returning  to  school,  the  result  is,  that  he  falls  behind  his  claas- 
mates,  and  must  either  go  into  a  lower  clasjs,  or  tho  other  memhors 
of  the  class  must  be  detailed  until  he  has  caught  up  with  them. 
Thuflihe  either  hinders  the  advancement  of  l^is  cli^  or  aaffers  the 
inconvenience  of  being  placed  in  a  lower  Que* 

It  sometimes  happens  that  parents  wi^h  tQ  take  t^eir  childreQ 
out  of  school  and  retain  them  at  home,  |kfter  ib^j  h^Jfi  been  at 


r 


88 

school  only  a  fyw  y^ara,  and  before  thej  have  completed  tb|^ 
coarse  of  instractioa.  They  frequently  do  this  from,  too  high  ao 
eatiaiate  of  the  knowledge  and  acqoisitiona  of  their  child.  Tb^ 
contrast  exhibited  in  the  mental  and  moral  condition  of  the  ehild 
aflter  being'under  instraetion  three  or  four  years,  and  that  preaeut- 
ed  when  first  brought  to  the  institution)  is  truly  astonishing.  The 
letters  that  the  pupil  writes  home  often  compare  favorably  with 
thoee  of  its  speaking  relatives.  The  little  that  it  has  acquired  hm 
been  learned  thoionghly,  and  it  is  enabled  to  make  such  a  displaj 
4^  its  knowledge  aa  often  leads  to  wrong  inferences  as  to  its  re^ 
4MqRir0nadt8.  The  pupil,  after  being  under  instruetion  three  or 
^«r  yeMy  has  met ely  laid  the  foondation  of  his  educntioo.  4^ 
mood  ^ork  has  been  aeeomplished,  if  In  that  time  his  mind  }ia#^ 
«eeeit^ed  nnfieieiit  disoipUae  te  reap  the  full  benefiti  of  the  e^rsr 
0{  tnitnietieii.  One  year's  instm^on  in  the  latter  part  of  thr 
isoarse  is  equal  to  that  of  diree  or  four  yean  at  the  beginw^ 
A  gteat  ioi^yy  therefiMre,  is  done  to  the  pupil,  to  derive  him  oT 
A»  iaalniotiDa  Ite  wovld  reeeive  in  the  latter  p^rt  of  bia  eoiirse. 

Erequtotly  mutes  are  met  wkh  roaming  fh>in  pkiee  te  plee^v 
bonethoes  seekiag  employmenti  and  sometimes  d«)Mring  alm^. 

T&ese  are  generally  haAf  edneatedy  fiekle^minded  and  soom^ 
tisMs  irictotas.  Tkey  an  those  who  have  either  entered  an  ine# 
totion  when  too  old  to  learn  mnch,  or  those  who  have  left  beforf 
completing  the  course  of  instruction.  They  are  no  honor  to  the 
great  and  highly  respectable  body  of  educated  mutes,  nor  to  th^ 
institu lions  at  which  they  have  tarried  for  a  short  period.  The 
proper  way  to  prevent  the  multiplication  of  such  a  class  is  to  per- 
mit no  pupil  to  leave  an  institution  before  completing  the  regular 
course  of  instruction. 

Another  reason  why  this  rule  should  receive  attention  is  becaus)^^ '-" 
of  the  injury  done  to  the  feelings  of  the  pupil  itself,  who  is  pet* 
amptorily  taken  out  of  the  society  of  dassniates  with  whom^  it 
has  pursued  the  same  studies  and  shared  in  the  same  labors  at 
improvement.    A  mute  on  entering  an  institution,  is  placed  in  a  - 
dass  in  which  it  remains  for  se feral  years.    The  class  is  led  sue-- 
S 


1 


34 

eessivelj  on  (hroDgh  the  rndimentfi  of  language  to  the  more  diffi- 
cult studies  pursued.  At  first  the  pnpil  cannot  even  oommani- 
cate  with  its'  classmates,  hot  gradnally  it  learns  the  eyatem  of 
signs,  and  soon  is  able  to  enjoy  pleasing  converse  with  its  com- 
panions in  study.  Vacation  conies  and  the  pupil  retoms  home 
joyful  at  the  anticipation  of  revisiting  familiar  scenes^  After  a 
few  weeks  the  excitements  of  home  become  common  place.  Kot 
having  yet  acquired  language  sufficient  to  converse  with  speaking 
people,  and  none  understanding  the  sign  language,  it  begins  to 
think  of  the  pleasures  of  social  conversation  with  its  class-mates.  It 
begins  to  count  the  days  when  school  will  commence  and  a  rennioft 
take  place  with  class-mates  in  the  same  pleasnres  and  in  tbe«Mn« 
studies.  From  year  to  year  the  same  happy  experience  is  enjoyed  en- 
1y  heightened  in  intensity  fk'om  the  expansion  of  its  intellect  At 
last  the  period  arrives,  when  having  completed  its  stailiea  it  ktt 
leave  the  Institution  for  the  last  time,  never  to  return  agitn  as  a 
pupil.  But  now  with  ctltivated  intellect  and  reftned  raaanerS)  it 
appreciates  the  patient  labors  of  its  instroctets,  and  takes  lesva  of 
itsdafls-mates,  with  a  heart  filled  with  love  and  gratitude  lowavdi 
itsinitracters,  and  the  State  whose  munificence  has  enabled  it  to 
be  not  a  mere  blank  in  society,  but  to  become  an  intelligent  and 
worthy  citizen.  The  advancement  and  happiness  of  the  pupil  and 
the  reputation  of  the  Instructor  and  the  iaatitotion  will  teqnin  a^ 
lention  to  this  rufe^ 

TO  TmE  PABENTB  OF  DXAF  AKD  DCHB  CHXLniUQr.  * 

Those  who  have  been  instructors  of  the  unfortunate  deaf  and 
dumb  for  many  years,. have  often  noticed  the  feeling  so  natural  to 
parents,  that  dreads  the  separation  from  their  chi'dren,  even  for 
the  purpose  of  obtaining  an  education.  A  mute  child  in  a  family 
has,  by  reason  of  its  infirmity,  a  larger  share  of  the  affection  of 
its  parents  than  the  other  children.  It  receives  many  kindly  at- 
tentions, which  aro  prompted  from  a  generoas  sympathy  for  ita 
unfortunate  condition.  When  the  idea  of  sending  such  a  child 
away  from  home  to  obtain  an  education  is  first  presented  to  the 
mind  of  a  parent,  the  thought  that  involuntarily  rushes  into  the 


r 


85 


mind  is  whether  it  will  be  kindlj  treated ;  whether  if  in  case  of 
aickneas,  proper  atteation  would  be  give§  to  it.  The  design  of  an 
institation  for  the  deaf  and  damb  h  to  secure  to  the  unfortanate 
mate  those  kmdijr.attentions,  both  ia  health,  and  sickness,  that  are 
8o  essential  to  its  education  and  happiness.  The  building  itself 
was  erected  with  special  reference  to  their  wants.  The  plan  of 
the  baildiDj;  ia  the  same  as  that  of  the  Indiana  institation  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  with  the  exception  of  certain  improvements  which 
have  been  snggeated  since  that  baitding  was  completed ;  and  it 
will,  when  finished,  be  one  of  the  most  elegant  structures  in  the 
State.  All  the  pupils  board  in  the  Institution,  and  constitate  one 
happy  family.  They  are  nnder  the  constant  supervision  of  the 
Priaoipal,  the  Matron,  and  the  Professors.  The  government  it 
mild  and  partotal,  for  by  means  of  the  beautiful  and  expressive 
IftDgnage  of  signs,  their  instroctors  are  enabled  to  influence  them 
to  an  attentkw  to  those  conrtesiea'aad  propneties  that  character- 
ise ladiea  and  gentlemen.  The  institution,  moreover,  is  subject  to 
the  oontrri  of  a  Board  of  Tnistees,  whoatatedly  visit  it,  and  make 
•oeh  an  examination  into  its  affairs  as  will  promote  a  faithful  dis* 
cbaigeof  the  duties  belonipng  to  its  various  officers.  In  sickness, 
the  pepils  have  thoee  to  watek  over  them  to  whom  they  can  com- 
municate dieir  wants,  and  th^  obtain  relie£  They  are  instructed 
by  those  who,  firom  years  of  experienoe,  have  beoome  acquainted 
with  their  peculiarities,  and  know  how  to  adapt  their  instructions 
tethem«  Theyaooa  learn  to  oommanicate  with  each  other  in 
signs,  and  thus  are  removed  from  that  solitude  and  loneliness  in 
which  they  are  often  found*  at  home.  On  the  Sabbath  they  are 
assembled  in  the  chapel  of  the  Institution,  when,  in  the  language 
of  signs,  thanks  ai*e  rendered  to  their  heavenly  Father,  and  their 
dntiea  to  Him,  to  their  parents  and  tiieir  fellow  men,  are  explain- 
ed. They  have  their  seasons  of  recreation,  in  which  they  engage 
in  the  sports  of  childhood  with  all  the  avidity  and  happiness  of 
other  ehildrenl  Parents  who  have  visited  the  Institntion  and 
seen  the  pnpiU  in  tbeir  studies,  in  their  classes,  and  in  their  sports, 
haire  wq^  team  of  joy  that  they  lived  in  a  State  which  possessed 


such  ft  noble  Xnstitntion,  so  happily  adapted  to  their  little  lInfo^ 
tnnates.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  parents  of  deaf  and  dumb 
children  throtighont  the  State,  will  visit  the  Institution  and  become 
acquainted  with  its  advantages. 

PBOGBSBS  OF  DSAF  AKD  DUMB    EDUCATION  IS  AHSSICA. 

The  establiehment  of  an  institution  for  the  education  of  thtf 
deaf  and  dumb,  in  America,  dates  back  to  less  than  forty  jean 
ago.  In  the  year  1817,  the  American  Asylum  was  eatabliahed  ift 
Hartford,  Oonn.,  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  Thomas  Gallandst^ 
assisted  by  Mr.  Laurent  Clero,  an  educated  mute.  Mr.  Gallsn* 
det  was  under  the  neoeesity  of  proceeding  io  Europe,  t(^  beeoM 
acquainted  with  the  system  of  inatracttoo.  While  in  France,  ht 
prevailed  upon  Mr.  Olere  to  aeoompaDy  him  to  America,  to  aid 
him  in  hia  benevolent  enterprise.  Mr.  Gallendet  has  eeased  froi^ 
his  earthly  labors,  but  ho  died  not  miUl  he  had  seea  floinrisUiil 
Jastitations  for  the  education  for  the  Beaf  wmA  Dombeslablishsi 
in  twelve  of  the  laiger  states,  and  hnndreds  t>f  otherwise  vahsp* 
py  mates  rescued  from  the  grave  of  ignotasice  said  piaced  in  Ihs 
enjoyments  of  knowledge.  He  die4  in  the  year  1861.  His  rs* 
speot  and  love  oherished  for  tiiis  beftevolent  man,  has  been  exhib* 
Ited  by  the  assembling,  dnring  the  pelt  year,  «t  Hartford,  of  a 
large  company  of  ednceted  mntes,  gatheied  finm  the  dUFsreDl 
states,  to  erect  a  monnmeat  to  testify  their  eppredationef  his  Isr 
boxs.  It  is  a  noteworthy  circnmstanoe  that  this  monnmenl^  m  iti 
plan,  in  its  inscription,  and  in  the  fends  eofttribnted  for  its  erectraa 
was  wholly  the  work  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Mr.  Glerc  still 
lives  a  venerable  man,  and  even  now,  with  the  frosts  of  msny 
winterenpon  his  brow,  is  associatsd  with  the  aUe  corps  of  instrne* 
tors  belonging  to  the  American  Asylum.  Mr.  Gellandet  was  sue* 
eeeded  by  Mr.  Weld,  who  died  in  18&8.  The  Sev.  W.  W.  Tumsf 
is  the  present  principal  of  the  American  Asylum.  He  is  a  geo* 
fleuiau  of  long  experience  in  the  profession,  of  very  praetkd 
views  upon  the  subject  of  mute  edneation,  aad  relies  mors  xspea 
insiting  the  pupil  to  depend  upon  his  own  energise  than  any  arti* 
ficial  helps  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.    He  is  a  worthy  sue- 


87 

ceiforof  Hessrs.  (Jallendet  and  Welu.  Under  his  direction  the 
American  Asjlum  will  continue  to  retain  its  high  reputation  as  the 
first  of  tlie  American  Institutions. 

The  second  institution  established  in  America  was  that  of  New 
York.  It  was  established  in  1818.  From  the  most  humble  be* 
ginnings  it  has  advanced  in  its  career  of  usefulness,  until  now  it 
is  second  to  no  other  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  civilized  world« 
It  nombers  over  two  hundred  and  sixty  pupils,  and  has  in  course 
of  erection,  buildings  which,  together  with  their  site,  will  coat 
when  completed,  about  $350,000.  The  brick  of  which  the  outer 
wslls  are  composed,  are  furnished  by  the  enterprize  of  citizens  of 
this  state,  being  the  iamous  cream-colored  brick  of  Milwaukee. 
The  success  which  has  attended  this  institution  is  mainly  owing^ 
under  a  wise  Providence,  to  the  able  management,  and  indomita- 
ble perseverance  of  H.  P.  Feet,  D.  L.  D.,  its  efficient  and  obliging 
President,  who  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  had  the  direc- 
tioD  of  its  affairs. 

The  third  institution  established  in  America  was  that  of  Penn- 
sylvania.  It  is  located  at  Philadelphia,  ^and  was  established  in 
1820.  It  numbers  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  pupils,  and  is  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  A.  B.  Button.  It  has  not  been  our  fortune  to 
make  the  personal  acquaintance  of  this  gentleman,  but  the  taste- 
ful manner  in  which  his  annual  reports  are  prepared,  and  the 
compositions  given  as  specimens  of  the  attainments  of  his  pnpils 
ibow  that  he  requires  a  high  standard  of  scholarship. 

The  fourth  institution  established  in  America,  was  that  of  Een- 

tncky.    This  is  located  at  Danville,  and  was  established  in  1822. 

It  numbers  eighty-seven  pupils.    It  is  under  the  direction  of  J. 

A.  Jacobs,  A.  M.    Mr.  Jacobs  has  had  the  direction  of  this  insti- 

tutioD  for  a  quarter  oi  a  century.    He  is  a  gentleman  possessing 

1  a  finely  cultivated  intellect,  great  benevolence,  varied  experience, 

!  a  retiring  and  unobtrusive  disposition  and  great  fixedness  of  pur- 

!  pose.    It  would  be  difficult  for  the  unfortunate  deaf  and  dumb  of 

I  Kentucky,  to  find  another  man  who  could  have  labored  so  £uth- 

^  &lly  and  patiently  in  their  behalf  under  the  difficulties  that  have 


38 

Attended  the  establiBhrnent  of  an  institution  in  that  state.  Tet 
notwithstanding  his'eflFortB,  "  not  one-half  of  the  existing  mntes  of  j 
the  State,  have  yet  been  educated."  His  main  obstacle  has  been  | 
the  want  of  that  appreciation  of  the  benefits  of  an  edocation  which 
characterize  citizens  of  a  free  State.  Tlie  institution  is  now  in  a 
better  condition  than  ever  beforehand  its  future  prospects  are  most 
encouraging. 

The  fifth  institution  established  in  America,  was  that  of  Obio. 
It  was  established  in  1829,  and  is  locatea  at  Culumbus.  Mr.  H. 
K.  Hubbell  was  the  founder  of  this  institution.  Previonslj  to  un- 
dertaking the  enterprise,  llr.  H.  passed  a  year  and  a  half  in  the 
American  ^sylum,  at  Hartford,  for  the  purpose  of  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  system  of  instruction.  Assisted  by  Mr.  D.  E. 
Ball,  an  educated  mute,  and  who  is  still  an  iustructor  in  the  Ohio 
Institution,  he  deyoted  himself  to  the  work  with  an  energy  snd 
perseverance  that  overcame  the  obstacles  incident  to  the  eetablisk- 
ment  of  an  institution  io  a  new  state.  Mr.  Hubbell  had  the 
charge  of  this  institution  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century,  and 
beheld  its  growth  from  a  school  of  three  pupils  to  that  of  over  one 
hundred  and  thirty ;  while  the  whole  number  of  pupils  who  re- 
ceived instruction  during  his  administration  was  four  hundred  and 
sixty-two.  He  is  justly  regarded  as  the  pioneer  of  deaf  mute 
education  in  the  west.  He  resigned  the  superintendency  of  this 
institution  in  1851,  and  retired  from  labors,  which  entitle  him  to 
the  respect  of  mankind.  At  the  last  convention  of  American  in- 
structors of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which  took  place  at  the  Ohio  In- 
stitution, Mr.  Hubbell  was  presented  with  a  service  of  plat©  by 
his  former  pupils.  "  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  they  found 
in  him  an  able  instructor,  a  wise  cousellor,  and  a  faithful  friend." 
Mr.  Hubbell  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  Addison  Gary,  for 
nineteen  years  an  honored  instructor  in  the  New  Toik  Institution, 
whose  career  of  usefulness  was  terminated  by  death  in  one  year 
after  entering  upon  his  duties.**  Eev.  Collins  Stone,  was  called  to 
take  the  place  vacated  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Gary.  He  was  for 
nineteen  years  an  instructor  in  the  American  Asylum,  at  Hart 


f 


39 

tard^  As  a  gentleauin,  a  scholar,  and  an  instractor,  hs  is  eiohient- 
ly  fitted  to  give  diceotion  to  the  alma  mater  of  thesuperiatendents 
of  theDeaf  and  Damb  lastitutions  of  Indiana,  lUinois,  Tennessse, 
liOnkiana  and  WisconsiD. 

There  are  now  in  the  United  States  sixteen  well  established  in- 
•ftitntioos  for  the  education  of  the  deat  and  damb|  via:  those  of 
the  states  of  Oonnecticnt,  New  York|  FennsylTaniat  Eentuckyi 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Virginia, 
Gtoorgia,  Louisiana,  Missouri,  Tennessee,  Michigan  and  Wisoon* 
sin.  These  first  fire  institutions,  a  sketch  of  whose  ^rise  and  pro- 
gress we  hare  given,  are  the  parents  of  all  the  others.  For  in 
these  fiiye  the  superintendents  and  instructors  of  the  others  re* 
oeived  their  education  to  fit  them  for  their  peculiar  work.  Some 
of  these  already  vie  with  their  parent  institutions.  In  this  respect 
the  lostitntion  of  Indiana  deserves  especial  mention.  It  was  es- 
tablished in  1843,  only  twelve  years  ago,  and  now  numbers  one 
hundred  and  sixty  pupils.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Maclntyre  is  its 
present  superintendent.  Mr.  Maclntjre's  experience  in  other  in- 
stitutions eminently  fits  him  for  the  prudent  management  of  an 
institution  whose  career  has  been  signally  prosperous. 

The  progress  of  mute  education  is  shown  not  only  in  the  history 
of  the  establishment  of  institutions,  but  in  the  efforts  made  to  ad- 
Tance  the  standard  of  scholarBhip  in  the  several  institutions.  As 
a  means  to  this,  conventions  of  the  instructors  have  been  and  dre 
to  be  held  from  time  to  time.  The  instructors  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb  are  scattered  over  sixteen  states,  consequently,  are  widely 
separated  from  each  other.  The  assembling  of  instructors  at 
suitable  periods,  affords  a  fine  opportunity  for  a  comparison  of 
views  upon  the  best  methods  of  teaching,  and  matters  connected 
with  the  management  of  an  institution.  Three  of  these  conven- 
tions have  already  taken  place,  and  the  essays  read,  and  discufr- 
sioDS  held,  have  been  embodied  in  the  printed  volumes  of  the  pro* 
oeeding  of  the  convention.  These  conventions  provoke  a  laudable 
rivalry  among  the  se/eral  institutions,  and  therefore,  incite  the 
instructors  to  greater  exertions  in  behalf  of  their  own  institutions. 


40 

The  fourth  convention  of  the  American  instructors  of  the  deaf 
jind  <hii&b,  is  to  be  held  at  the  Yirginia  inatitutiony  in  Staunton, 
<fti  the  last  Wednesday  in  Jtily,  of  the  coming  yean 

The  m«8t  gratifying  sign  of  progress  has  beea  the  fsteent  estab- 
lishment of  classes  for  the  instruction  of  mutes  ^4n  the  higher 
blanches  of  learning.''  Two  of  these  classes  have  been  <fetablish- 
ed  in  this  county.  One  in  connection  witik  the  American  Aey- 
lorn  at  Hartford,  the  other  in  connection  with  the  New  Yerk  In* 
aMtution.  The  high  class  sustains  about  the  same  relation  to  the 
other  classes  in  an  Institution,  that  a  college  does  to  the  conamott 
aehool.  It  is  composed  of  a  select  number  of  the  graduates  of  the 
inferior  classes  whose  talents,  acquirements  and  incIiBaticn  gire 
promise  of  their  ability  to  master  the  higher  branches  and  thus  fit 
tfaemeelvee  for  higher  walks  of  usefulness.  The  reason  of  the  ea* 
tablisbment  of  a  high  class  is  the  fact  that  it  has  demonstrated 
tiiatthe  difficulties  the  deaf  and  dumb  pupil  meets  with  in  the  ac- 
.^isition  of  written  language  are  so  great  that  very  few  of  the 
graduates  of  existing  institutions  acquire  such  a  knowledge  of 
language  as  to  be  able  to  read  understandingly  the  numerous  worka 
in  the  dieffrent  branches  of  English  literature.  The  late  Dr.  Itard 
of  Paris,for  nearly  forty  years  physician  to  the  National  institntion 
of  France,left  at  his  death  a  perpetual  income  of  8,000  francs  for  the 
ibundation  of  a  doss  de  jf^erfeciionnemefUj  or  high  class  in  that  in* 
etitution.  The  reason  he  assigns  is  that  to  him  it  is  ^b,  demonatra- 
tad  truth,  that  nearly  all  our  deaf  mutes,  at  the  end  of  the  six 
years  allowed  for  their  instruction,  find  it  beyond  their  ability  to 
read  with  perfect  understanding  the  greater  part  of  the  works  id 
our  language." 

To  admit  such  a  fkct  is  rather  humiliating  to  the  instiiictora  <^ 
the  deaf  and  dumb.  But  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  diaeor- 
ery  of  the  possibility  of  their  education  dates  back  to  less  than 
three  centuries  ago;  that  very  little  was  done  till  the  genius  of 
De  TEpee  demonstrated  its  practicability ;  that  it  is  only  thirty- 
eight  years  since  the  first  school  was  established  in  America ;  that 
die  mute's  education  does  not  commence  till  ten  or  twdve  years 


[ 


41 

of  age,  a  period  when  speaking  children  have  acquired  not  onljr 
Ae  -Bse  of  language,  but  manj  of  the  great  facts  of  history  and' 
«eienoef;  that  he  has  two  languages  to  learn,  tsz  :  the  language  of 
i^giie,  and  written  language,  the  former  of  which  must  be  first 
learned  as  a  means  to  acquire  the  latter ;  and  that  to  him  the  ac- 
^nitition  of  a  written  language  is  mote  difficult  than  Hebrew, 
Greek,  latin,  or  anj  other  dead  language  would  be  to  one  of  us,* 
§>r  the  anaiogiea  of  written  language  would  greotlj  assist  tie  whiles 
tbe  mote  oonld  derire  no  aid  from  thia  great  help  in  the  acquiai* 
tiou  of  different  languages.  * 

The  eoufse  of  study  pursued  in  the  higb  class,  besides  a  contin- 
vsBce  of  the  oommon  branches,  is  to  embrace  as  far  as  praxstica^ 
ble,  instruction  in  JOirftwiiig,  Natural  Philosophy,  Natural  History, 
C^metry,  Algebra,  Logic,  Intellectual  and  Mental  Philosophy. 
The  time  allotted  to  instruction  in  this  class  is  to  extend  through  a 
period  of  three  years.  The  success  which  has  attended  such  an 
experiment  in  the  National  Deaf  andDumb  Institution  of  France, 
and  the  result  already  exhibited  in  the  high  classes  of  the  institu- 
tions of  New  England  and  New  Tork,  have  demonstrated  the 
wisdom  of  the  projectors  of  the  classes.  The  benefits  anticipated 
firom  such  a  class  is  that  it  will  enable  those  who  avail  themselves 
of  its  advantages  to  understand  and  appreciate  the  standard  works 
of  English  literature,  and  thus  add  to  their  mental  enjoyment;  that 
it  will  qualify  them  to  engage  in  more  remunerative  employments 
tiian  they  have  hitherto  been  able ;  that  it  will  qualify  many  of* 
fhem  to  be  able  instructors  of  their  fellow  mutes ;  and  that  the 
existence  of  such  a  claas,  in  an  institution,  as  has  been  remarked 
by  Dr.  Peet  in  his  report  of  his  visit  to  the  European  Institutions, 
^would  improve  the  general  standard  of  scholarship  in  the  infirm 
dasses,  stimulating  each  pupil  to  strive  after  tbe  honor  of  becom- 
ing one  of  its  members,  circulating  new  ideas,  and  encouraging 
a  more  elevated  style  of  conversation,  by  the  free  intercourse 
which  the  members  of  this  class  have  with  the  other  pupils  at  the 
times  of  recreation^"  and  that,  moreover,it  will  be  a  great  help  in 
the  discipline  of  an  institution  for  the  moral  influence  of  such  a 


cUms  of  jovmg  ladies  and  gentlemen,  woald  be  moetealotaiy  upoft 
the  order  of  an  institntion,  as  the  chastened  tempera,  the  refined 
manners,  and  correct  morals  of  the  high  class  oonid  i)e  held  up  ta 
the  inferior  classes  as  a  standard  worthy  of  their  imitation. 

The  example  of  the  establishment  of  the  high  class  in  the  two 
eldest  and  most  honored  of  the  American  Institutions  wiU  lead  to 
tiie  establishment  of  like  classes  in  the  other  institntions.  It  will 
msher  in  a  new  era  in  the  cause  of  deaf  mnte  edaeation,  and  so 
enlighten  pnblic  opinion  that  it  will  be  no  longer  a  wonder  that* 
mnte  can  be  educated,  but  a  disgrace  that  anj  should  grow  up  in 
an  enlightened  community  without  having  been  permitted  to  reap 
all  the  advantages  of  a  well  conducted  Institution. 

CONCLUSTOV. 

In  concluding  my  report,  I  am  reminded,  that  only  six  years 
have  elapsed  since  Wisconsin  entered  the  sisterhood  of  states,  and 
that  our  present  chief  magistrate  was  tlie  first,  I  believe  who  for- 
mally presented  in  bis  message,  the  claims  of  the  Institntions  for 
the  Insane,  the  Blind  and  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  to  the  considera- 
tion of  the  legislature.  The  response  made  to  his  susgestions  is, 
I  hope,  an  earnest  of  the  fiiture  interest  it  will  manifest  in  their 
prosperity.  Happy  State  I  so  early  in  the  possession  of  such  re- 
treats for  her  unfoitunates.  "While  I  think  myself  honored  in  be- 
ing entrusted  with  the  direction  of  this  noble  charity,  I  am  aware 
of  the  responsibilities  of  my  position.  The|experience  of^the  past 
year  to  me  is  full  of  instruction  and  encouragement  From  it  I 
hope  to  derive  many  incitements  to  the  faithful  discharge  of  my 
duties.  May  I  not  cherish  the  hope  that  when  the  *fever  of  youth' 
shall  give  place  to  the  tranquility  of  age  I  shall  behold,  as  the  re- 
ward  of  my  labors  a  numerous  company  of  mutes  restored  to  their 
friends,  and  to  society  with  minds  educated  so  as  to  appreciate  the 
privileges  of  citizenship.  I  thank  you,  gentlemen,  for  the  assisr 
tance  and  encouragement  you  have  given  me  during  the  past  year. 
May  it  be  permitted  us  here  to  behold  all  the  smiles  of  Provi- 


f 


4uee,ih6  UbemKtj  of  the  Stete,  and  the  indutiy  of  faithfal  of-' 

flcen  can  itecomplish  for  the  unfortunate  mute. 

Beepectfallj  submitted^ 

LOUISE.  JENKINS, 

Principal. 
Inymuiioif  won  thk  Dkav  and  Duhb,   ) 
Dauetak,  December  26tfa,  18M.      ) 

▲OXnrOWLBDOXKBaiTS* 

If  an  J  thanks  are  due  H.  P.  Peet,  L.  L.  D.,  the  President  of  th« 
Kew  York  Institution,  for  his  aid  in  procuring  slates  from  Enrope, 
and  other  services  so  valuable  to  me  in  this  new  enterprise.  Also 
to  H.  N.  Hubbell,  Esq.,  former  superiutendent  of  the  Ohio  Insti- 
tutiouy  for  his  selection  of  a  number  of  books  for  the  library  of  th^ 
institution.  The  superintendent  of  the  Milwaukee  and  Mississippi 
railroad,  deserves  especial  notice  for  granting  free  paesage  over  the 
road  of  m  jself  and  pupils.  To  the  gentlemen  connected  with  the 
public  press  of  Wisconsin,  I  woald  express  mj  gratitude  for  the 
interest  they  have  manifested  towards  the  establishment  of  the  in- 
stitution. Thej  gratuitously  inserted  numerons  articles  in  their 
papers,  calling  the  attention  of  the  public  to  its  importance.  Thej 
freely  inserted  articles  prepared  by  myself  in  the  most  conspicneus 
colamns  of  their  journals.  Their  reward  must  be  in  the  pleasant 
eonscionsness  that  they  have  shared  in  the  honor  of  ushering  into 
life  a  most  noble  institution,  and  that  there  are  now  pupils  making 
advancement  in  knowledge  who  otherwise  would  be  groping  in 
ignorance.  The  editors  of  the  Argus  and  Democrat,  Journal,  of 
Madison ;  of  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel,  of  tbe  Morning  News,  of  the 
Wisconsin,  of  Milwaukee ;  of  the  — —  of  Janesville ;  Chron- 
etype,  of  Waukesha,  and  the  Sural  New  York,  of  Rochester,  N. 
Y.,  have  gratuitously  forwarded  their  papers  to  tbe  instituticm. 
These  journals  are  of  great  value,  for  many  articles  in  them. are 
communicated  to  the  younger  pupils  in  signs  by  their  instructors^ 
while  those  of  the  pupils  who  are  more  advanced  take  great  in- 
terest in  reading  the  current  events.  A  continuance  of  the  above 
journals,  and  those  of  other  editors,  is  respectfully  solicited. 


u 


LIST  OF  PUPILS  DURmO  THE  YEAB. 


yam^ 

Town, 

Ooumiy, 

Daane  Arnold, 

Oak  Grove, 

Dodge. 

Henry  L.  Binghami 

Koshkonong, 

Jefferson. 

Amelia  Bishop, 

Janesville, 

Bock. 

Mary  Bennett, 

Waukesha, 

Waukesha. 

Thomas  Clarkson, 

Springfield, 

Dane. 

Austin  Churchill, 

Waukesha, 

Waukesha. 

Ariadoa  F.Cheesebro,  Darien, 

Walworth. 

Jamas  A.  Dvdley, 

« 

t( 

FhiJip  S.EDglehardt,  Mllwaakee, 

MUwattkee. 

Washington  Farrer^ 

Summerville, 

Bock. 

Sarah  Fitzgerald, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee. 

Setoey  Hews» 

Eagle,] 

Waukesha. 

Charles  Hews, 

a 

(C 

Abram  Hews, 

cc 

Helen  Hews, 

ti 

(4 

Wm.  L.  Helmer, 

Hartford, 

Wasfaingtoiu 

Thomas  Jones, 

Geneeee, 

Waukesha. 

Clarissa  B.  Kingman 

,  Dell  Prairie, 

Adams. 

!|[ordecai  Lowe, 

La  Fayette, 

Walworth. 

Annie  Lever, 

Maustown, 

Adama. 

Patrick  Noland, 

Aran, 

McHenry,  DL 

John  O'Donnell, 

Milwaukee, 

Milwaukee. 

Matthew  O'Niel, 

n 

u 

Albert  Pierce, 

La  Fayette, 

Walwortti. 

John  Bolfe, 

Brooklyn, 

Green. 

Mary  Shanb, 

Oshkosh, 

Winnebago. 

John  U.  Richards, 

Delevan, 

Walworth. 

James  Taylor, 

Mt.  Pleasant, 

Baeine. 

George  Lay  lor. 

a 

C( 

fisrah  Taylor, 

a 

u 

Harvey  Taylor, 

Iron  Bidge, 

Dodge. 

Whole  number  of  puinls  daring  the 

year, 

SI. 


r^ 


45 


Esopenditures  and  receipts  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Inetitute^  far 

the  year^  1861 : 

ProyisionSy  ... 
Bed  clothing  and  incidentals,  - 
Salaries  of  officers, 
Famitore,  ... 
Labor,  .... 
Fuel,     -  -  -  . 

Medical  gervices  and  medichie, 
£k>oks  for  library,  and  atationeiy, 
!&ent  of  a  hired  house,  - 
Postags,  .  .  . 

^rick  oven,  fixtures  and  repairs, 
Alates  from  Europe^ 
Exhibition  expenses,     - 


dash  received, 


- 

$989  07 

- 

806  89 

826  68 

767  67 

200  90 

77  60 

46  5d 

68  98 

67  70 

8  80 

130  47 

181  38 

138  64 

|8,f5l  06 

*                 ill 

•     V74M 

$576  70 


46 


BEGULATIONS 


OF  TH1B  WISCONSIN  INSnTDTION  FOB  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB  ;   AD0PTE9  BF 
TQE  TRUSTEES,  APBIL  10,  1854. 

1.  The  regular  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trasteee,  shall  be  held 
on  the  second  Wednesday  of  December  and  the  second  Wednes- 
flaj  of  June,  of  each  year. 

2.  At  the  regular  meeting  in  December,  the  trustees  will  ap- 
point one  of  their  number  president,  and  a  secretary. 

8.  The  president  will  preside  at  the  meetings;  call  special 
meetings  at  the  request  of  two  members  of  the  board  or  the  s«- 
perintendent,  and  sign  all  orders  on  the  treasurer. 

4.  The  secretary  will  keep  an  accurate  account  of  all  pr^ 
ceedings  of  the  board,  which,  when  approved,  shall  be  signed  by 
himself  and  the  president. 

6.  In  the  absence  ot  the  president  or  secretary,  their  placet 
ahaH  be  filled  hjpro  tempore  appointments.  And  in  the  absenoa 
•f  tfaa  president,  two  trustees  may  call  a  meeting. 

6.  A  quorum  of  the  trustees  at  any  regular  or  special  meetiuj^ 
shall  have  power  to  elect  any  officer  of  this  institution  in  case  of 
racancy,  resignation  or  removal  from  office. 


r 


47 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  INSTTTOTION- 

1.  The  officers  of  the  institution  shall  oonsist  of  a  prineipali 
profes^rs,  steward,  ph jtician  and  matron. 

S.  They  shall  be  elected  hj  the  board  of  trustees,  snd  shall 
hold  office  during  good  behavior  and  cotnpetencj  to  discharge  the 
datiea  of  their  several  offices. 

S.  The  principal  shall  have  power  to  nominate  indiridaaU  fmr 
pr<^easors. 

.  4.  It  shall  require  six  of  the  trustees  to  displace  an  officer  of 
the  institiition  dnriiig  his  term ;  and  any  officer  leaving  die  insti- 
tntion  withont  the  consent  of  the  board  of  trusteca  during  sucii 
MEzn,  shali  forfeit  one  quarter's  salary.  • 

5.  Any  individual  nominated  as  professor,  shall  before  hi# 
election  by  the  board  of  trustees,  signify'  hia  intention  in  wrilfog 
of  making  the  buaiaesa  of  teaehing  the  deaf  aai  dumb,  hia  pro- 
fession for  life. 

TUB   PRIWOIPAL. 

1.  The  Principal  shall  be  the  executive  head  of  the  InstitutioB| 
and  the  organ  of  communication  with  the  subordinate  depart^ 
ments. 

3.  He  shall  reside  in  the  Institution,  and  have  the  general  di- 
rection aud  control  of  all  its  concerns,  with  tl)e  counsel  and  advice 
of  the  executive  committee.  He  shall  have  the  power  to  make 
such  regulations  of  internal  police  as  he  may  deem  most  condu* 
cive  to  the  order,  efficiency,  and  practical  usefulness  of  the  system 
of  government  and  instruction,  and  all  orders  emanating  from  him 
are  to  be  implicitly  obeyed  by  those  who  shall  be  engaged  as  in- 
structors or  professors  of  the  institution,  or  for  the  discharge  of 
any  of  the  various  duties  connected  with  its  immediate  manage- 
ment.  It  being  understood  ,that  he  is  subject,  of  course,  to  the 
jet  higher  power  of  the  Board,  which  may,  at  its  discretion,  modi- 
fy or  repeal  any  regulation  which  may  be  made  under  the  provi- 
sions of  this  bylaw. 


48 

3.  He  shall  implicitly  obey  all  orders  and  instractions  of  the 
Board ;  and  carry  ont,  in  good  faith,  any  system  of  operations 
IrMch  they  may  direct. 

4.  He  shall  hire,  assign  the  duties,  direet,  so  far  as  he  may  deem 
proper^  and  dismiss,  ^hen  he  may  consider  it  necessary,  all  per- 
flbns,  not  officers,  whom  it  may  be  requisite  to  employ. 

5.  No  subordinate  officer  shall  contrarene,  or  int^ere,  in  the 
alij^teal  degree^  with  directioita  gi^en  at  any  time  by  the  superin- 
tendent to  the  pupils,  or  to  the  persons  by  him  employed ;  bttl  oa 
tiie  contrary,  they  are  to  give  their  efficient  countenance  and  flip- 
port  t4>  all  such  dkectiona,  and  report  to  him  any  neglect  or  act  ef 
disDbe^Ueoee. 

6.  The  superintendent  shall  teach  tibe  pnpih,  and  r^vke  lh# 
{HUrsoni  etoployed,  to  respect  and  obey  the  ofliet  officexai  in  lh« 
feoper  disciiaoge  e£  thdir  appropriate  ^duties. 

t  7»  Hia  l^ovdrniaml  «yf  the  pupilsy  thongk  firm  and  nniif«Temi|g 
shall  be  mild  and  parental. 

8.  He  shall  teach  the  pupils  to  act  Irom  principle,  and  not  from 
fear.  He  ahall  inculcate  respect,  and  govern  them,  a$  mudi  aa 
possible,  by  the  influence  at  moral  suasion. 

9.  He  shall  superintend  and  direct  the  intellectual,  tnoral,  and 
religious  instruction  of  the  pupils. 

10.  He  shall  pay  especial  attention^to  the  health  and  comfort  of 
tbe  pupils.  And  wlien  the  boys  are  engaged  in  labor,  he  shall 
entrust  them  to  some  responsible  person  connected  with  the  insti- 
tution.    . 

11.  tn  his  management  of  the  finances,  he  shall  practice  the- 
most  rigid  economy,  consistent  with  the  comfort  of  the  pupils, 
aad  the  prosperity  of  the  institution. 

12.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  communicate  to  the  trustees 
such  information  as  he  may  think  necessary,  or  as  they  may  re- 
quire, in  regard  to  the  operation  of  the  institution,  and  tKe  man- 
ner in  which  the  yaiious  officers  perform  their  duties. 

1^.  He  shall  frequently  inspect  all  parts  of  the  establnhmeat,. 
and  take  the  most  efficient,  or  even  stringent  measures  for  on* 


49 

forcing  neatness,  order,  and  regalaritj  in  all  depattftfinta.  AmT 
it  ghaU  ji^  hia  duty  imm^diatefy  to  dischat ge  anj  peiaon  employed 
yfiio  rimH  t9f!d%T  ine£Sx;iwt»  neglect  allotted  dnttes,  or .  manifest  a 
spirit  of  iDsnbordjaMioD. 

li.  H9  A4II  ^W  ^  ^gi^ter  of  pnfHla,  and  snch  other  books  aa 
Wy^'be  def^fted.bf  tl^  ^r^o^rp,  i«  .raob  jform  as  tbej  majr 

.  l$^,ft ^1^  be  bifl  414?"  ^  Alst^  ajtl  oieetfags  «f;  tha.Boaid  «ff 
Tmstees;  aDdJt^«(>)^.^pf)i^  jaf»9o;9^^  under  daacMrieik 

?yfciyay»ts,^  ,      . 

:jL.  11)0  Profj^ssm  sball  inatnif^  the  popili  idnder  t)^e  dh^aodon  of 
the^llTinci^l;  perform  in  rotatio^  tl^e  dotj  of  saperriBioa  orer 
the  male  pupils^  uming  the  hours  of.  relaxsjtion  and  study  oat  of. 
schpoj  i  a^nd  Uie  yifiitorsi  ap,d  perform  snob  other  duties  consieot* 
ed  with  t!ia  de^jiitment  of  iastmctipn^  the  Ubrpiry  land,  cabiaeti  aa. 
the  principal  may,  from  time  to  time,  delogil^  to  them*. 

S.  Those,  of  them  who  reside  at  the  Inatitutigp,  and  those  who 
are  entitled  to  the  privll^e  of  dinisg  there,  shall  take  their  meals 
at  the  same  hours,  and  at  the  same  table  in  the  diniog-room  with 
the  family. 

S.  During  the  time  allotted  to  study  out  of  school,  they  shall  see 
that  the  boys  learn  the  lessons  assigned  them,  and  preserve  the 
same  order  as  in  the  school  rooms. 

4.  Boring  the  hours  approj^riated  to  recreation,  the  Teacher  in 
charge  c^  the  boys  sball  encourage  them  to  take  active  exercise, 
unAtt'hb  supervision.  He  shall  be  responsible  for  their  safety  and 
Ofdetly  eittduct  while  under  his  supervision,  and  shall  restrain 
them  li^m  vi^ng  all  places  allotted  to  the  use  of  the  girls,  or 
wM^  »ay  l>e  forbidden  them  by'th6  superintendent. 

5.  ^Tbey  shall  take  such  part  in  the  religious  instruction  of  the 
pupils  as  may  be  assigned  them  by  the  superintendent. 

9k  Xbey  shall»  at  all  times,  ^ve  their  efficient  aappott  to  the 
othiereAcfaraaf  the  inetitiitioD,  by  xacoloatlng  ipthemincis  of  tiieir 
respective  classes  proper  principles  of  good  order  and  obedience ; 
7 


80 

tmd  they  Bhall  never  intimate  to  them  matten  to  the  discredit  of 
tmy  of&mr  of  the  aeyhim. 

7.  Tbey  ehall  carefully  abstain  from  all  interference  wiih  the 
dnliee  of  other  officers ;  and,  at  no  time,  nse  any  hnt  conrteons 
and  respectfnl  language  in  their  intercoarae  witii  tiiem. 

8.  Iliey  are  to  regard  these  rales  as  stating  only  a  few  tatntmg 
Ab  nnnieiH>BS  dnties  which  they  are  expected  to  perfbrm ;  sad  sr^ 
always  to  manifest  their  dcTotion  to  the  mterest  of  the  institirtioxi 
by  cheerfolly  performing  any  ether  di^es  wluch  cirenmslaaoaa, 
or  the  dnreetions  of  the  saperintendent,  may  leqiiire. 

IBS  SRWAXD, 

1.  The  Steward,  in  addition  to  the  dnties  prescribed  by  law,  shall 
act,  whien  required,  as  the  derk  of  the  superintendent ;  and,  nndar 
his  direction,  he  shall  perform  the  following  dnties : 

2«  He  shall  purchase  such  articles  of  prorisions  as  may  be  ne-. 
cessary  for  the  household,  and  such  other  things  for  the  institatioa 
as  the  principal  shall  direct 

8.  He  shall  see  that,  daring  the  hours  appropriated  to  labor 
the  boys  are  industriously  employed ;  and  to  secure  this  end,  he 
shall  labor  with  them. 

4.  He  shall  see  that  the  cellars,  and  such  portions  of  the  pare- 
ments  and  grounds  as  may  be  committed  to  his  charge,  are  kept  in 
the  most  perfect  order. 

I.  He  shall  have  especial  charge  of  the  furnaces  and  fires  aboat 
the  establishment.  He  shall,  before  retiring  to  rest  each  nighti 
pass  through  the  cellars  aud  other  parts,  except  the  portion  occa- 
pied  by  females,  where  there  may  have  been  firsjS  or  lights^  msA 
see  that  all  is  safe,  and  the  doors  and  windows  secured.  And  he 
may,  on  no  account,  entrust  the  performance  of  this  duty  to  anoth- 
er person,  unless  he  previously,  in  each  case,  obtain  the  consent 
of  the  Superintendent. 

6.  He  shall  attend  to  the  purchsse  of  such  articles  of  proria* 
ions  as  may  be  brought  to  the  Institution  for  sale.    And,  tiiat  h# 


5i 

99117  f>^  ^wd  at  mjJimPj  b«  iMipM«l»  U»  whuMbonii  mtrhed 
upon  a  slate  in  tlie  ^09  of  th^.lMliteturti. 

8.  fle  ihall  keep  a  book  QmtoiiuAg  a  regolat  aownsk  of  dl 
looniee  received  and  expended  bj  hjaOf  with  rcmolMn  A>r  tlie  eaote. 

8.  He  shall,  at  the  regular  meetings  of  the  Board  «f  Tnv-. 
t^,  present  an  abstnict  of  all  oUsses  of  eoEp^sditam. 

9.  He  shall  see  that  the  bejs  keep  Adr  dottea  pwpBily  «r* 
ranged  in  th^eir  trunks  aad  drawers. 

10.  He  shall  be  responsible  for  the^safei^  of  the  hoys,  whfle  at 
their  labpr;  and  vhili^  goi^f  to  and  retaming  freaa  the  saaie. 

11.  He  shall  see  tlMi^  t)re  boys  me  and  setisa  afe  the  apfwlnted* 
honrs ;  and,,  with  fiileen  miiuities  from  the  itfaa*  of  Iheiir  reticiiigto 
rest,  he  shall  see  that  all  their  lights  are  extinga(ibed|  eaceeptSMk ' 
aa  xaay.he  naqfrnary  in  ease  M  sickncas*: 

19.  He  shaU  not  insider  the  abeve  By-Lana  aa  ^e  meapire  9t 
}|is  dntias  aiid  re«|K>aaiViUties,  be*  ia  to  lender  Umsrii  g^Miafif'*  * 
nsafal  in  (6Tpi7irw  within  biapover.  ' 

^  .     THS^XfnOK* 

1.  The  Matrbnahall  hure  charge  <if  fbe  girib,  when  not  in  school,  1 
and  also  of  snch  partsief  the  domestic  aitangemenfs  as  may  ^ ' 
asaign^  her  by  tlie  Snperintiiidmt ;  and  nnder  his  direction,  she 
^will  perform  the  &ibwlDg.  dpties : 

2.  She  will  see  that,  when  ont  ot  sohool,  the  girls  are  as  much''* 
as  possible  secluded  from  the  society  ^f  the  male  pupils ;  and  that, 
dnring  study  honrs^  they  learn  the  lessons  assigived  them  by  their 
teacb^rs^  >  She  will  side  that  the  girls  are  induBtrionsIy  employed 
dnring  the  hours  appropriated  to  labor ;  that  they  make,  so  £Bir  as 
practicable,  the  clothes  for  pupils  clothed  by  the  Asylum;  repur 
their  own  clothes  and  those  of  the  male  pupils ;  and  do  the  ironing 
tor  the  hmates. 

8.  She  will,  at  all  times,  see  that  tiie  girls  take  a  sufficient 
amoont  of  healthy  exercise  and  recreation. 

4.  She  will  pay  particular  attention  to  the  cleanliness  of  the 
peraonSf  and  the  neat  appearance  of  the  girls. 


&  fihe^nUtMcli  th«m  4iom  Muticfittl  prittdples  of  i^elfifnetnent 
peculiar  to  the  female  duMMir/ffid  ladttrttct  them  «  tb'their 
pQrop6r«b»pottK«aitQ&ali  ocMsidm.^    '    /  i. 

4L  Sbe^iMaei  tiwt  attpai^i^of'tke^mbiyiinetit  are  kept  hi 
tb^neatestevder.    .^     -    -        -■''<•        ^   '  \'  '     '  ' 

7.  She  wili'BHtet,  orclmwto  be'^ieredrlh '«  Tiooktepl  for 
tbrt;  ptnipM^  a  lilt  iof  tfa%  MMMs  -  of*  clotttiog  t^elotagiiig  to  each 
pupil,  and  see  that  the  same  be«ttr«ft>S7<  ^eMiN^efi. 
..6.  Bh^iviU sfeeihtlt di^wasfaiiig^  aftd'irdtiilig*a>e'<^ in^k neat 
and  canW m^iunrr  tint Mtttbda M lotttv  acn<i Vikt fiie  iftlMlnDg 
afte^iiMp^g^^^^aMMtadbf  wmei^afefyp^        *'       '^^^ 

.  »^ fiUB  villi(rtie'ifl«Klihej]Mite)ote  I^IJaMteliy  lA^sett^  adtf * 
eriMiemioa%.iiaiaiv-     ■  'M- *•! . 

10.  The  Saperintendent  swyr,'  al  His  df^er^ob,  refeaae  ^e-Mat- ' 
np  ftwtt  the  aqparwiai  of  BTOh>o»ildti#  of  tfte^jnestl^  affiifrB 
a%k».SMij  dtam  properv  acting  ap^athisi  pi^intiflW  ^tlkt4fat- ioefyx- 
ees  in  the  care  of  the  young  laidieaiate  moit^A^fMa  to  the  Aky- 
lum. 

11.  The  Matron  shall  have  sticlr'  control  over  the  persons  em- 
ployed as  tke  Sop^Q^Bdeirt  Wif  deioa  naieisaayfa^  the  -^irlbiv 
n^c^  of  t^e  labors  assii^edbMii;i)^eiite  .    •'^ 

.12.  After  tii^  pupils  hav^  i^tiwid'to.itel'afcB^^'tM  IbMntt 
will  pass  through  the  apartments  roedaf^ed.bf  the  feitiaiaS)  aivri|  see 
tlxat  t)ie  buJU4iQg  ia  ai^fe.&om  £iie^  >  " 

'1.  t^upils  may  he  received  a^id  dismiBsed  only- 1^  thd  priitcifial 
and  the  sanction  of  the  ezecutiye  committe, 

d.  Every  pupil  who  hasnot  been  vaccinated.before  beipgreofeiy- 
ed  in  the  institution,  shall  be  vaccinated  without  delaor. 

3.  Pupils  honorably  dismissed  from  the  Institution  9haP  ifc^iio^ . 
a  certificate  signed  by  the  principal.  ;■..■' 


ul 


fi9 


lOB  THB  ADiqBBIOH  OF  PUPIf^f  M. 

1.  All  tbe  Deftf  and  Dvmb  of  Ibe  Biate,  between  t!he  ages  of 
ten  and  thirty  yeavs^  ai<e  entitled  to  an  education,  witliont  dbarge 
iir  board  or  taitlcm,  in  thie  institution,  npo^  compBance  widi  iti 
nleii  Me  certlfloaile  of  aiiy  lAtd  in  required  for  admission.  Per- 
mam^  howorref,  desirous  of  placihg  a  pupil  in  the  school,  should 
wnte  to  the  superintendent,  informing  him  of  the  name,  age,  resi- 
dence of  the  mute,  the  cause,  it  any,  of  deafness,  &c  'The  su^er- 
intendeiit 'will  Immediately  answer,  stating  the  time  when  the  pu- 
pil'will  bereeett^  Tbk  cour^  is,  in  all  casen,  recommended^ 
thous^  aone  will  be  refused  who  coihe  at  the  coxirmencement  of 
ib0  session.  Applicationsr  in  behalf  of  persons  of  mote  or  less 
tiuA  the  ra^iUred  age,  will  be  considered  l)y  the  frusteee,  wlro  re- 
eerreto  tfaeniBelvbs  t^  ri^  to  accept  or  reject  such  applicants, 
aaiheymwy  deem  just  and  proper. 

2.  Pupils  from  oth^r  States  are  receiired  at  fhe  rate  Of  one  hun- 
dj(ed  dollars  per  annum,  for  board  and  Injition^  ) 

Z.  The  li^r^  of  the  wnne  of  lasixMt&on  is  fiTe  yeare ;  and, 
that  the  pupils  zx^  become  more  profi^^epit  iu  tlpeir  4tadies>  tbey 
are  allbwed  and  advised  to  remain  one  year  more.  At  tjho  end  c^, 
'aiz  years,  the  superintendent  may  select  such  pupils  as  he  may 
consider  would  be  particmiftr^  benafitind  by  ooiltinning  longer  at 
achool ;  and,  if  approved  of  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  they  shall 
be  permitted  to  remain  an  additional  y^Blt. 

4.  Pupils  will  be  admitfcis^  on  the  following  oon4iti/>iia;  1st 
l!he  pupil,  well  pmvided  with  clothes,  is  to  be  brought  .to^the  in- 
atitution  punctua%)  at  tha  commencement  of  ec^h  (udssie|i,.for  the 
peijled  of  iflive  jepsi  uzUees  detained  at  home  by  his  cor  h^sr  own 
sickness.  2d.  The  pupil  is  to  remain  in  the  school  until  the  last 
Wednesday  in  July,  of  each  yea^.  8d.  Ko  parent  or  guardian 
ahall  be^fdJoifed,|q  takea;p9iBl  out  of  the  school,  witfurnVtlie  con- 
sent of  the  b9f^fll-fljf.tzp|t0fB.r 


5.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  trasteeSj  to  render  the  institation 
8elf<npporting,  bo  far  as  praitibable^  and  that  every  pnpil,  on 
leaving  its  walls,  shall  be  so  proficient  in  some  useful  occapation 
or  trade,  as  to  be  able  to  procure  a  livelihood,  without  reliance  on 
•the  charities  x)f  .others.  Ii^  .aecQrdanoe  T^tt^  "thni-  design,  ill  .the 
scholars, will  be  required  to  labqra  pqurtiou  (oi  ead»  daj^,  the  gixk 
in  performipg  the  lighter  .kinds  of  hoQse  ^ork^  and  iftTarioBS 
kinds  of  needle  wof];,  as  plain  sewing,  ofuaiaental  woil^,  draaa 
m^ing,  or  miUinery,  Ac;  a^d  the'bcgrs  at  Yaiiope  tnidesithft 
necessary  work  about  the  asylum,  and, the  oaUiratiim  of  tbo  &ns 
and  garden. 

6.  The  aimu^l  sessions  of  tbe  school  oontinue  ten  iisonths,  oom- 
xnencing  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  September,  a^  oloeing  on  the 
last  Wednesday  in  June.  Every  pupil  is  %o  come  prempdy^  oa 
or  before  the  first  day  of  the  sessKOQ,  and.  is  to  remain  until  &e 
last  day  of  the  aaip^.  The  only  exoeptfoos  alio wed^  are  eases  of 
sickness,  or  where  leave,  of  abs^oe  in  writisig  has  been  granliBdy 
either  by  the  principal,  or  in  case  of  the  absence  of  the  pirlnoipal, 
the  professor  to  whom  he  Iw  delegfited  the  pdwer*. 

7.  No  pupil,  unless  under  extraordinary:  circumstances,  can  be 
r^oeived  at  any  othier  time  than  the  oommencennent  of  Ae  sraaion. 

9.  Parents  and  guardians  ate  required  to  flrrnish  annually  to 
elEU^h  pupil,  the  following  supply  of  clothing : 

FOR  THE  MALE  PUPItB. 

» 

*       B  Ooats,       '                '  *   '    5  Pairs  of  Socks, 

Q  Vestsi  *  •    i  Pair  of  Boots,*  ' 

2 'Pair  of  Pantaloons,  •  2  Pairs  of  Shoes, 

Shirts,                     '  2  Hats,  cJ!r  1  ttat  and  1  Cspw 

9  Ooati^  2:Plih-s  of  PaatelooiiSp. 

2  Vests,  1  Pia«i4ekf8itt. 


'  55 

2  Ivorj  ComhBy  2  Pair  Saspenders. 

2  Pair  of  Wooden  Oombs,      2  Pocket-handkerohiefB. 

FOR  THE  FEMALE  PUPILS. 

3  or  4  Oalico  DresseSy  2  Pair  of  Sammer  Stookings, 
1  Woolen  or  Worsted  Dress,  9  Pair  of  Winter  Stockings, 

1  Sunday  and  1  Sua  Bonnet,  2  Night  Gbwns, 

2  Pocket-handkerchiefs,         8  Pair  of  Shoes, 

2  or  3  changes  of  Underclothing. 

ADDrnONAL  ABTIOLIH. 

1  Shawl,  2  Hair  Combs, 

1  Coarse  and  2.l7or7  Combs. 

In  addition  to  the  above  outfit,  a  sum  of  not  less  than  $3  is  to  be 
deposited  with  the  superintendent  for  incidental  expenses,  repair 
of  shoes,  &c. ;  any  part  of  which  remainiag  unexpended  will  be 
returned  at  tl^e  close  of  the  session. 

It  is  not  intended  that  the  clothing  should  be  of  an  expensive 
kind.  For  boys'  winter  apparel,  plain  home-made  cloth  is  suffi- 
ciently good.  For  summer  wear,  country-linen  will  answer  for 
pants,  with  some  kind  of  dark  goods  or  prints  for  coats  and*  vests. 
Girls'  calico  dresses  may  be  made  of  a  cheap  article,  which  will  not 
fade ;  and  while  for  older  girls,  at  least,  one  pair  of  morocco  shoes 
should  be  furnished,  one  or  both  the  other  pair  should  be  of  good 
calfskin.  On  all  articles  of  clothing  which  it  is  possible  to  mark, 
the  full  name  of  the  pupil  should  be  written  with  indelible  ink. 
Each  pupil  should  be  supplied  with  a  trunk  or  a  chest 

10.  Those  persons  bringing  pupils  to,  or  taking  them  away,  can- 
not be  furnished  with  board,  lodging,  or  horse-keeping  at  the 
asylum.  . 


56 

11.  All  bnsineBS  letters,  or  letters  of  inquiry  in  regard  to  pupils 
in  the  asjlam,  or  those  whom  it  m§j  be  designed  to  place  there, 
should  be  addressed  to 

LOUIS  H.  JENKINS, 

Principal  of  the  Deaf  and  Domb  Institution, 

Delevan,  Wisconsin. 


COJftFQSmOHfi  OF  THE  PUPILB. 


I 

Hr.  Putnam  Ured  in  Oonnecticnt  Hr.  P.  called  hie  negnx 
iRiey  took  bis  gun.  They  went  into  the  woods.  They  caUed  hii 
dog.  Hie  dog  came  to  them.  They  send  dog  to  smell  on  th^ 
inow  after  tracks.  They  followed  the  dog.  The  dog  went  to  the 
^on.  They  looked  in  the  den*  Mr.  P.  sent  negro  to  go  into  thf 
den.  But  the  negro  was  afraid.  Mr.  P.  tied  rope  iround  leg.  2b. 
jp.  took  his  candles  in  die  hand.  Mr.  P.  told  negro  to  hold  rope. 
Mr.  P.  took  his  candles,  club  and  gun.  Mr.  P.  went  into  the  dei^ 
Mr.  P.  looked  at  the  red  eyes  of  the  wolf  which  growled*  The 
negro  hauled  him  out  of  the  den.  Mr.  P.  told  negro  he  made  a 
mistake.  Mr.  P.  went  into  the  den.  Mr.  P.  looked  at  the  wolf 
and  red  eyes.  Mr.  P.  shot  at  wolfs  forehead.  The  wolf  was  killed. 
The  negro  hauled  him  out  of  the  den.  Mr.  P.  put  the  gun  up  the 
tree.  Mr.  P.  went  into  the  den.  Mr.  P.  looked  for  the  wolf.  Mr- 
P.  held  it  The  negro  hauled  him  out  of  the  den.  Mr.  P.  put  it 
on  the  ground.  They  looked  at  the  n^w  wolf's  sharp  teeth.  They 
took  it.  lliey  carried  it  to  the  house.  They  put  it  on  the  floor. 
Hr.  P. caBedhfawifeandawoman. ^She  looked  at   the  large. 


Some  years  ago  a  few  white  men  liveS  in  Virginia.    An  Indian 
fiteiteir  fbr  the  dfeer  in  the  woods. '  ffe  was  very  tired.    He  saw  i^ 


58 

hoiue  and  be  went  into  the  house.  He  met  a  man,  aad  die  Indi- 
an asked  for  some  bread  and  water.  The  selfish  man  did  not  give 
some  bread  and  water  to  him.  He  told  him  begone.  The  Indian 
was  Tory  sony.  The'Indian  walked  seme  mtlee,  and  he  arriyed 
at  his  hnt  He  was  yerj  hungry  to  eat  bread  and  drink  water. 
Some  years  afterward  the  man  went  the  woods,  and  when  the  snn 
set  the  man  lost  his  way  in  the  woods,  and  he  looked  for  his  house, 
but  he  came  to  the  same  hut  He  asked  the  Indian  to  lethimatay 
in  hid  hut  The  Indian  knew  him.  The  man  did  not  know  him. 
They  slept  in  his  hut  till  sunrise.  They  ate  some  food  breakfast- 
The  man  told  the  Indian  he  lost  his  house.  The  Indian  knew  it, 
and  he  led  him  to  his  house.  The  Indian  asked  it,  he  knew  the 
Indian.  The  man  was  ashamed.  He  was  selfish.  The  Indian 
told  him  that  if  any  Indians  came  and  they  ask  him,  mnat  giTS 
some  bread  and  water  to  ihem.  The  Indian  was  a  good  and  kind 
Indian. 


ABOirr  MAN  AlfD  PRAIKIS  WOLF. 

A  man  lived  in  Texa^^  He. .  rode  a  horse  into  Jthe  woods;  Ba 
travelled  through  the  woods.  He  heard  a  wolf  hawl  l^adiy.  H# 
was  afraid  to  ride  throngh  the  prairie  which  was  on  fire.  He 
covered  the  horse  with  a  blanket  He  rode  him  through  the  prai- 
rie on  fire.  The  wolf  did  not  chase  the  horse.  The  wolf  ran  in 
the  prairie  on  fire  till  he  was  dead.  The  man  rode  the  horse  out 
of  the  prairie  on  fire.  It  hurt  him  very  severely.  The  man  got 
off  the  horse's  baoic^  He  dlseo^vieTed  that  the  sfcin  was  burnt  off. 
He  w^  tl^irsty  and  hungry.  He  heard  the  wplves  howl  loudly*^ — 
The  man  rode  the  horse  fast  The  wolves  ran  and  chased.  £he 
horse  and  he  stopped  bis  horse  and  tied  him  with  the  r^ns  round 


8» 

ft  tree.  Be  climbed  np  the  tree.  He  stood  on  the  limbs  of  tKii 
tree.  He  atiot  some  woiyes.  He  could  not  kill  all,  and  the^  de- 
stroyed the  horse.  The  wolves  could  not  c^imb  np  it.  They  were 
hungry.  They  watched  him  on  the  tree.  They  watched  the  man 
one  day  and  night.  They  heard  the  buffalo  run  through  ihe 
woods.  They  left  and  ran  away.  The  man  climbed  down  the 
tree.  He  cut  down  small  trees  and  made  them  to  stand  round  the 
ground.  He  made  the  fire  to  destroy  the  trees.  The  man  had  to 
eat  the  dead  wolf  but  the  wolves  could  not  enter  the  fire.  They 
dispersed  through  the  woods.  The  man  walked  to  his  house.  He 
told  his  wife  and  people  about  the  story.  The  people  and  the  wife 
laughed  at  the  story.  The  ^lan  was  aqrry  for  his  dead  horse.  The 
horse  ^as  worth  100  dollars. 


MMQUT  iOiUai  MK^^»  -  .'  f        •■ 

Miss  Helen  Hews  had  been  at  school  one  and  half  years.  She 
tried  to  study  her  lessons,  then  she  improve  fast  l«adt  racatioh 
we  took  leare'of  sdiool  and  -^ent*  home.  '  Miss  Hews,  Kastei* 
Hews  and  Miss  Heten  Hews  took  leave  of  sclioor  aid  went  home! 
ftey  Were  very 'glad' to  see  iheir  parentsj'  brothers  and  slsterst 
Lm  August 'MiSB  HeleA  Hews  took 'lear^  dfhom^itid  wad  walk-' 
iiig  en  tbe  itilroad.  Thelbcomotfte  joiiied'toefghtee^  car^  came 
Mdfad  hei*  whfle  she  was  walking  on'  the '  raihroad.  It  could  not 
Hopf,  iind  the  cow  Catcher  threw  her  down.  Itran  iawajr.  Hasteir 
Bbw9  saw  her  lying  on  the  ground  ne^t  the  raihroad*  '  He  was 
very  %ftt6A  and  soon  ran  hom^.  He  told  his  parents,  brothers  and( 
ifiters  about  Hiss  Helen  Hews,  vrho  was  now  maiigled  and  laid 
en  tte  fpmnA  near  the  rtdlroad.  They  were  very  sorty,  and  ran 
lo  her  sB^d  carried  her  home.    Ptikr^nts  and  Doctors  watched  her, 


60 

who  was  rery  much  hurt  She  ooold  not  get  better,  and  she  died. 
The  parents  and  some  people  felt|ind  wept  for  her. ,  They  pat  her 
in  a  coffin  and  carried  it  to  the  grarel  Thej.  put  it  io  the  groond 
and  filled  the  grave.  Kr.  Jenkins  explained  to  the  deaf  and  dumb 
pnpils  aboat  her  who  was  dead.    They  felt  sad. 


^       AfiOTJTKOAfi. 

The  people  were  wicked  and  oonld  not  love  God,  bnt  Noah  was 
verx  good  and  loved  him.  Ood  loved  Koah  and  blessed  him. — 
He  told  Noah  that  the  people  were  wicked  and  would  destroy 
them.  God  told  Noah  to  build  a  new  ark,  for  he  would  cause  the 
clouds  to  rain  forty  days.  Noah  obeyed  and  believed  God.  He 
went  to  the  wicked  people  and  preached  to  them  about  the  bible^ 
but  they  could  not  love  and  obey  God,  and  would  laugh  at  him. 
Noah  was  very  sorry,  and  chose  some  hired  men  to  build  the  new 
BxK  They  built  it  in  twenty  years;  and  the  wicked  p^pleianghed 
at  Noah  as  being  foolish*  He  was  patient  and  built  it  in  twea^ 
yearsk  Noah  sent  two  kinds  of  beasts  to  go  into  the  ark,  and  Noah 
and  his  family  went  into  the  ark*  God  pamsd  the  door  to  shot. 
The  wicked  pepple  could  not  enter  i^  GK>d  was  aqgij  and  caused 
the  clouds  to  rain  forty  years.  Thej  were  veiy  aifaaid  of  it  moi^ 
ing  for  forty  years.  ^Riey  aeceiMled  uptbe  moimtains,  bat  it  in* 
creased  and  covered  the  moimtains  with  water.  Thsor  wera 
^wned,  and  it  had  vained  forty  jeara.  Noah  i^nd  his  hmij  wena 
yery  hi^py  and  loved  Gk>d,  because  Grod  took  care  of  ih#m  ia  tlN 
ark  that  could  not  drown  i|x.  the  fwater^  The  water  abatfd(d(XWA  W 
thergronnd.  Th^  went^out  of  the  ark^  and  tt|e  supi  sbina  on  tha^ 
worlds  which  was  dry  again.  Noah,  and  ^s  lami^  weat  oat  of 
the  -ark^  aijid  the  two  kinds  of  baasta  went  out  of  the  lyrk,  aQ4 


61 

plajed  with  each  other.  Thej  made  an  altar  with  stones,  and 
caught  the  little  lamb  and  put  it  on  the  stone.  Noah  sacrificed  it 
to  God,  and  thej  thanked  God,  then  he  blessed  them.  They  were 
very  happy,  for  it  was  a  pleasant  day.  The  family  had  manj 
children,  and  the  world  increased  in  people.  Thej  most  lore  and 
obey  Qod.    Koah  and  his  family  were  pions. 


REPORT 


OV  THK 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 


OF  THB 


WISCOIfSII  mSTITUTION, 


FOB  THS 


EDJOTUN  OF  THB  BLIND, 

DECEMBER  31,  1854. 


MADISON: 

mUAH  BlOWir,  STATI  notoM. 
1865. 


T;in-!;i)[ 


«  ■  ^  •  t 


.f.u:  1  i!  ihO.-.  i.  '■  iuu'i  :r  \  ' 


^-  ,    :j    1    . 


?.   .    I    J    ^    . 


I  -I  /'.■r''  'T'::;..n 


OFFICERS 


09  OBB  WIBOOHBIN  Ulirrn'UTXOH  VOB  THS  JSOVOATIOV  OF  ISB  BLIN0. 


A.  HYATT  SUlTRy  President. 
LYMAN  J.   BAEROWS,  Seoretary. 
J.  BODWELL  DOE,  TVecmr&r. 


TRUSTEES: 

SB7.  HIRAM  TOOTB,  J.  BODWELL  DOB| 

A.  HTATT  SIIIIH9  ^.  7.  WnXABDi 

IRA  lOLTnCORB,  J.  D.BEZFOBD. 


VUiiing  Physician — ^Locan  J.  Babbowb,  M.  D. 
Superintendent — 0.  B.  Woodbott. 
Matron — Mrs,  0.  B.  WooDRuinr. 
Ifusio  Teacher— TJLbb.  Eliza.  Walls. 
Assistant  Teacher-^'ULaa  Sarah  Elusworth. 


i 


fiEPOKTaFIHETIUSTEES: 


4\*  Hk  BU6ttiMttdT,  "W^ 

/(h,9  SoW^raf  Tr^^i^es  of.th«  W^jK^main  lodtUpte  for  tb?  cf^Doa- 

Itiie  fift'h  jear-Qff  flie  Institution  commenced  on'tfie^liBt'Mbnaay 
olj  Octot)er  iHjBt.  t^ie  preseAt  number  of  pupils  In  atfeaSAfrce'  »• 
si^reen^'be|iig  an  increase  ot  t^i^e  over  itie  number 'in  oiirf  Iktt 
Bnnnal  report  Their  names,  ages,  residence,  place  if  naK'^Hj, 
'  nnmber'of  je'ara  bti^dhc^d^,  and  date  of  aidmlssfon,  wilt  be  Ibd/nd 
in  tLe  report  of  ISr.  0.  &'  Woodrufl",  Superintendent,  #liidi  is 
herewith  Bubmitted.  ■  -  '-  r 

'Itdcr'two  yoars  experfent^'welHi^^  bad  Id  i4ie  QtMhtMiki  and 
^tfdicfiift  depaftmehti  IMh  tnale  and  ^^Miato,  siei^rM^Mil- ta 
strengthen  our  conyictiona  ofits  {yi^ent  add  fnmp^p^  'ad^wHa^ 

'^Keatoib^^ptafiUsiatidiotbsinBtitiitMHi.  £i^thtB  ima}|B  ai^  this 
idepartmsiit,  ire  ih>ald  naspeolftilly  ^aUjonr  aUeQtiaii  to,  tlw,  re- 

^poft  isf tto' Sofierittftfadssit 

Tb^  Bdm  of  YhfHy  five  htitidred  A'JUHLn  waa  appropitetsd  for 
'£be  toi)p^<]^tof 'the  InstUuti^OD  fur  the  year  oomtnen^srg  Oetiber 
"lit,  iSlH;  and  f6r  Che  purchase  at  a  piaiio  for  the  use  of  fbe  f^upila. 
S/^he  nii'ist  k'igid  sj'sfem  of  eeofiomy,  the  triiitieeB  will  ba  enabled 
to  keep  triihin  ihese  liinttB. 


For  a  statement  of  the  names  of  the  persons  in  whose  favor  or- 
ders have  been  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  of  the  Institntiony  bj  or- 
der of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  for  the  year  ending  December  Slafc. 
1854 ;  for  what  the  same  were  drawn,  and  the  several  amounta 
thereof,  we  ])aH)fo^i^}7^  refe^  y^  ta  t^e  report  ^of .  the  Treasurer^ 
marked, 'A^^wiciiiilie^ewith' submitted:        '         ' 

The  outstanding  accounts  against  the  institute,  not  yet  audited 
by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  andthe  amount  of  salary  due  the  Su- 
perintendent, teacl^ers  and  matron,  for  the  quarter  ending  Decem- 
ber Slst,  1854,  will b^ m/^b^  the  ^ippqy;^  be fdr^^wn;  j^^m.^iie 
State  Treasurer  on  the  first  day  of  January,  1855,  under  the  ap* 
propriation  made  by  ihe  legislature  at  its  last  seddion. 

^  '  ^e  numbed  of  pu^pils,  as'will  be  seen  above,  has^'licilerated  from 

"  thirteen  to'  sisteen  since  our  last  knnual  report,  which'  is  the^'fbll 

number  the  present  institute  building  can  accommodate ;  and  in 

fact  more,  for  with  our  present  nmnber  we  are  compelled  to  use  a 

s  .JRftTttPf  the  work-fihop  as  a  dormitory.    To  support  and   prcjperly 

.'l  i^atrpiQt  thi^  increased  number  of  pupils  during  t&e   year  com- 

.J  ^eipicing  Oct.  lat,  1855,  ^n  appropriation  of  not  lees  than  Four 

.  Ihp^G^nd.  dollars,  will  be  requisite.    This  sum  the  trustees  hope 

j.  ;^^  b^  sufficiejit  to  meet  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  institution^ 

.^  i^d  to,  purchase  some  necessary  fiiruituTe,  fgid  school-room  and 

work-shop  apparatus^ 

i  -  Atlibelastm^etiigof  the  legis^^tux^^  the  liberal  sum  pfTwel^ 
..TkiMsaad  dollars  wi^lfifuropriatedyif^r  the  construction  of  | the 
.  OiiitnU  maiu.buil4i^g9fthejaultiit^    .  -i 

The  Board  cft  Trustees  flnditi^  after  irep^atad  tria^  that  it  ^ras 

tlifflcultto  makea  satisfaoteryco(ntKfM!t  fdrdie  erecticm  o£  the 

building,  inasmuch  as  none  of  the  funds  appropriated  for  that  pur- 

potooould  bexealizeipntil  aftea:  th#  &vaj^  di^y.of    Jauuaiy  .nezt» 

.  determifiied.tOrOammencQ  the  work.themselyes,  i^d  prosecijLjfe^itaft 

.c  fiur  as  possible  the  present  season..   They  appointed  two  of  their 

'   lilimber  a  building 'Commi^te,  and  would  refer   to   their  repprt 

hereto  attached,  marked,  B.,  for  the  result.of  their  labors.    ,      . 


ISbr  rdSarence  to  the  act  of  the  legiflfitiure,  U  will  be  seen  that  the 
at>prppnation  was  made  for  the  pnil>0Be  of  QonstmctiQi?  thj9  center 
nuun  baD4inff.  but  the  bnildmg  cop^nittee  became  saUsned  apon 
after  entering  upon  liie  disch^r^e  of  their  datiee^  th^t.a  proper  re- 
gard for  the  stability  of  the  whole  structure,  and  judicious  econo* 
mj,  required  tnat  the  east  wing  sliotdd  go  up  along  with  the  main 
bnildia^.'  -^AiefiloBrd  ^f  Trustees  adopting  the  suggestions  of  the 
IvaadbEig  epint9ilMt^)A<l'hM«til7/^  in  their  yiews,  deter* 

mined  to  adopt  the  plan  propose4^1;>y,  Ijb^i  cp^pmpt^^.  |  l^e^^ctfn- 
mittee's  reasons  are  fallj  given  in  their  report 

The  expense  of  the  completion  of  the  whole  building  will,  of 
course,  exceed  the  amount  of  the  appropriation  made  for  the  spe- 
cific object  of  constructing  only  the  main  center  building,  and  in- 
asmuch as  the  rapidly  increasing  necessities  of  the  institution 
growing  out  of  the  increase  of  pupils,  cannot  be  met  until  further 
accommodations  are  furnished,  the  Board  of  Trustees  feel  con- 
atandned  to  respectfully,  but  earnestly,  ask  that  an  appropriation  of 
Five  Thousand  dollars  be  made  by  the  legislature  at  its  coming 
session,  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  building  now  in  process 
of  erection.  That  sum  the  Board  hope  will  be  sufficient  with 
what  remains  of  the  appropriation  of  the  last  legislature  to  ftdly 
^eomplete  the  work  they  have  undertaken. 

FeeliDg  that  this  is  an  institution  in  which  the  state  at  large  is 
interested,  and  that  its  wants  cannot  be  fully  understood,  nor  the 
truth  be  known,  whether  the  Board  are  wisely  expending  the 
money  entrusted  to  them,  without  the  personal  oversight  of  the 
people  or  their  servants,  we  would  cordially  invite  a  committee 
firom  the  legislature,  to  visit  the  institution  the  coming  session  at 
'  auch  time  as  may  seein  to  them  most  convenient,  and  personally  ex- 
amine the  building  and  the  management  of  the  institution. 

The  institute  for  the  blind  has  now  been  established  nearly 
five  years,  and  under  the  merciful  care  of  Divine  Providence,  con- 
tinues to  prosper. 

In  dofliDg  this  report  the  trustees  take  pleasure  in   recording 


..__J 


8 

^  {heir  tef timoD^  to  ihe  ^(ftelity  and  incn^asln^  energj^  oTti^eBiipet^ 
intendment  in  the  discharge  of  the  yarions  puties  awgne^  ^mn  ;. 
also,  to  the  e^cellencj  of  ajt  the  offiqers.  connected  with  the  man- 
ageikieii^  of^^e  "^interior  itfairs^^^f^the  instiiation. 

,     ,  ,  .     . ,     ,B|!fj^p§ctful^,  aubmitte^. 

.       \  "     '       :A.tUVJiTfmTI!E^. 

"liTKAN  J.  BABadwB,  Si<tretor3r.     i     -     -'  •      ' 
JaneBville,  Dec  81|  1854. 


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,  Jl?u        Bumnoe  due  Treasurer  as  per  Ual  wpoft    ,     , ,   ,»  • ' ' ? ►** 

^jj^  4p2  Caehpaid  8.  0.  SpauWing,  rej)airing[^clf)ck  ;   .,  r,   ,  J.*' 

pS        do        Jeaee  Miles,  wooil '  ''  '  '_\* '  '  \    \.   ,','  ;|'  W,  00 

R  HiH  UacksmiiWng !'  '  ^  '  [^   ,  .^ "'.  ";         ,  l.OS 

Oln,  caitmfjr  wood  j          ■  •  i  ^ 

George  Miitimore^  ^J'^.fJJ  ?^ .^^f'T^T'* ;        */  r          l^^,  ^^ 

Jane  Milrimore,  salnrj  aa  roa^>ii           ,    ,  ^3  88 

Domthy  Ellick,^  houae  work '   u    .    ..  ^     j  .  ?.  ^5 

Coolej  &  Babc()ck,  mercli,apdis^  ^         .  1^2  ?9 

O  W  NoKoij.^i^ies          \             '  ,          !B4' •^ 

J.  A.  Tarner.  broom  clamps  JP  48 

Lyroati  J.  Birrowi,  med  servkm  i?.2«^ 

'                     ,v^ -li  7:.:i.  .,vTr  >/  ..  .1  ♦           -J- A* 

Jaekman  A  Smlth,>«^r^     .       ,  ,    .  ^4|**^ 

R.  B.  Tretft,^M.  d  miyl'servi^,^^'  '     ' '  V         1^.50 

Jackman  ^  SiQith,  floijir,  ^          ]14  75 

C.  0.  Gillftt,  groceries,'              .    .          ;   ,  \         ^M'' 

8, 0.  SpauMing,  ciockj,     j,  .    *             '  !           1.60 

Aldeo  dc  Holt,  a^lvertViri,  '  ^ ^OO* 

Aael  Baxter,  repain'Dg  obiopney^  .     r  u    .  4.0(r 

Levi  Moaea,  furailure  '  ^  ?& 


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do 

113 

do 

114 

do 

115 

do 

116 

do 

IIV 

do 

118 

do 

119 

do 

120 

do 

121  : 

1  4o 

122 

do 

ol?« 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.^180 

,..18J 

/„132 

.  ,188 

do 

do 
do 

do 

.,185 

do 
do 

I8t 

do 

do 

-.■!l88 

do 

"189 

do 

do 

'..If  2 

do 
do 

^'143 

do 

;.  1^* 

do 

"j« 

do 

Gaah  pud  J.  IL  Biker«  ropairing  hanaasy 

John  Tompkioaon,  blaokamitluDf  , 
Wood  Sc  Moore^  lirery, 
Doe  A  Cuoley,  meroliaDdiie 
A.  St  John,  proviffiona, 
A  St  J^D,|p((:|ri^iii|     j   ^]    / 
QeorgeMiltimora,  salary  as  steward,  in  Ml 
Jane  Miltimore,  salary  as  matron, 
J.  Horton,  wages  hired  man, 
Angeline  Mikkel,  house  work, 
Rachel  Mikkel,  honse  work, 
Mrs.  L.  Walls,  salary  as  teaeher. 
Miss  M.  A.  Weed^  fakry  as  teacher, 
C.  B.  Woodm£^  salary  as  sa|>erintendent, 
^' C;1^.  Wbodntf^  c6ixtlng«nittotpei^ 
'   i'H«4.G.Jkairiii;:tneit, 

H.  S.  Woodnxfl^  repairing  hamesa, 
H.  Rice  db  son,  groceries, 
0.  B.  Woodrttfr,  broom  com, 
J.  F.  Wiiliard,  pfofisions 
R  H.  Strong,  postage, 
R  L.  Roberts,  proTistooa, 
Hant,  provisions, 
West  S:  Doolittle;  glanng, 
Langden  i  Clow,  hay, 
Doraey  &  Ppttinger,  tiivery,' 
J.  Allen,  20  cords  wood/' 
Charles  Colby,  80  cords  wood, 
Jane  A.  Woodmffi  salary  aJs  toaironl 
Trask  db  Howland,  liVery,    '    " 
Trask  A  Howland,  livery' 
George  W.  Taylor,  broom  handles, 
A.  S.  Dodge,  interest  on  note, 
J.  B.  Doe,  interest  on  note, 
Wm.  Tniesdell,  flour, 
James  Sutherland,  stationery, 
J.  H.  Budd,  ^castings,  &c^^ 


]\ 


)      i>      I.; 


'1  M 


M    /■  !>,..( i 


l1  -A 


I 

/.I 


>   / 


1 1» 
.1- 


1  50 
11  82 

5  00 
65  21 

6  00 
8  50 

90  00 
10  00 
35  00 

16  ro 

18  Off 
1S8  00 

SO  00 
525  OO 

sit  6T 
152  15 


O 


08 


il.H  < 


20.  70 
27  00 

^i  00 

'i  7a 

4  OS 

4  04 
'l  68 
Vd  00 

i  60 
65  00 
*rt  75 
t*  17 
'4  50 

i  OQ 

U  32 

'roo 
^7;  IT 

14' 4ft 


am 


'146  Gathpud 

■.-.•¥«■ 

do     . 

VIWS 

do 

t     Mi 

do 

•vm 

do 

•  Ilia 

do 

rxn 

do 

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'  do 

'l64 

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..!#*. 

,'4«. 

.;-.ur- 

do 

158 

do, 

1.1^ 

do 

al«» 

d«, 

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do    ', 

—  M* 

do 

'  m 

'do 

lee 

do 

1«8 

do 

169 

do 

170 

do 

ili 

do 

113 

do 

lis 

do 

116 

do 

111 

do 

116 

do 

119 

do 

160 

do 

181 

do 

184 

do 

185 

do 

100 

do 

191 

do 

198 

do 

199 

do 

E.  J.  FentoB,  llirwy,  •  f- .-:,.-. '    >  ,  •  ••  ri  !., 

0.  B.  Woodnifl(«(ttthig«iit.iQipiUN% 
John  W.,ttiW4{iii9W4  ^  .1    > . ' 

C.  B,  Woodniff;  type,  '     ^'     » 

O.  W.  Taylor,  broom  handles, 
J.  F.  WiUard,  29  loqi^a.wood, 
Q«^,Kqrtpn,gvfloerK       ,.,    .j      -j[.9a-i— 1 
.  QaiiiivA  fiUwryor,  gKMp^fi,    ,  .  j /u  .... ' 

.a  W.Wa^rufl;hi|',  ,. .  :  ..  \[  ;  <  . .  i. 

R.  Hill,  blacfamithii^,.  -  y.  ,.; 

^poretwr^t  e^cpeoi^jw  of  -  <^dfe^tc^l|I•di«9^%  ^  v  »'b 

J.  Pond,  broom-corn, 

Wm.  Tmesdell,  flour, 

0.  B.  Woodruff  hay,  &c^ 

Mn.  0.  B.  Woodraff,  salary  as  matron, 

Secretary,  aerrioei^ 

Secretary,  aerricaB, 

£.  H.  Strong,  postage^ 

P.  A.  Pierce^  proTiaioni, 

H.  Rice  &  Son,  groceries 

E.  L.  Roberts  interest  on  note^ 

J  B.  Doe^  expenses  to  Madison, 

J.  R.  EatoD,  gbizingy 

J.F.WilIard,oat8,<bc., 

Insurance, 

J.  Ponnd,  provisions, 

John  F.  Rague^  speciflcations^  4e., 

Jed  Rook,  moviog  work-shop, 

Korwegian,  cutting  wood, 

E.  H.  Strong,  postage^ 

J.  F.  Wiilard,  oats, 

Joseph  HortoD,  wagee— hired  man. 


1S:00 
11^35 

Oft.  00 

4«:o0 

8  00 
20  86 
60  00 
^iW 

6  2T 

9  00 
88  00 

8  75 

6  00 

50  76 

87  86 

16  00 

19  27 
84  00 
10  OO 

6  00 
8  66 

15  00 
26  76 
12  66 
10  00 

1  00 
14  00 
80  00 

7  81 

20  00 
45  00 

8  6S 

2  66 
6  00 

76  00 


I  19 

'  200  Cash  paid  Betsey  Osboiti,  hoaae  woriii  >S!  00 

2m        do        O.B.Woodrafi;erfiiff  &rMiQMifiiftd<iiift^  IW  00 

m       do        Amelia^dHjgbjttboQai'mrki  SK  37 

203        do        Mary  A.  Weed,  «|lMy.4fi>Mdiir,    :  00!  00 

do        Mra.L.W;ilii^eiil<ify.«iMolMn  OOrOO 

do        C.  B.  Woodrafl^  con^ngifB^i^jfmm    :  9tf  U 

Balance  on  hand,  M  70 

'       '  08,40^' 84 

•  •    '^  •      "HtciMrtrtfc  •      *    '• 

''^'  1^4--Jan.  2,  By  caah  from  8tiMr}emm&tl<4ih&^l^1lu\f,  1859^  sM^OO 

'      ^         Jan.l6,B7ca9hfromSl«Ui^9VMQt^,«hMM>fMeber,l8i^^  8l§'00 

Jan.  28,  By  cash  from  State  TteaMMf,Hkro  ^at  dTatf.  1854;  8S»*  00 
iy^»  3,'  By  eaah  from  'Stall  frittMrer,'  Hiantee'dile  from'l^ 

propriadon  of  18i0,          «  40^84 

^         Meh.38,Byca8hfromStitie'Tb«a«MnAi€^lit1ljiri],l8^^^  ^^00 

Jojy  8,  Sy^cadi^m'Stat^'TMittreH^e'JliiJti^^  eUtOO 


00  c 


,a        .1 


)    • 


f 


,f     ,; 


KfiiymT  OF  TH]^  BfJBLBDTa  eoAMHTEK. 

.  -•;■     r        .  ...     • 

7»  tkS  Board  of  JWiteeS'^ihe  W[9edfi^'^  AiHUttttoh  Jbr  the  ' 
JSSii^iOiari  of  the  Blind:  ^  •  , 

OwsttMotMaA    Ymm  BoildiDgsOHiktnittBe  Inmog^  perfbmiedt  tVe 
dvtiefr  wsigned  them  by  you,  sqlmiit  ilie'  ifdlo^iag  < 

REPOBT: 

,     ^    ,'  «» 

Tbe £>Qpd»ti9a  and  bUdemeaif .  of  IIm  >niam<  buiHi^^aiidi  oAtij 
wiiig^^f  tbe  eawe  i'wilriili  yw-'piaosdi  under  lotnohlirge;  fiir  43oii«»' 
•tn^tiQoifl  cokiipktedy  aiid  i&Dov.  lieady  IdsitbeisvparBlimttliipei-:     1 

Xooiareawaxe  '&at  frdm^x^roidmbto  eimmbtanccsiy  chiidid  ifiat-  ^ 
aaAopoe  ioa  td*enleil  apaDL0Brdptiee.tAff/]Ui^^ 
tbeaMBonJWaBfiAiradlttfDoedL  :^ 

'This  cirooindtance  iitcctimaitioBi  iviith»tlie<aot|ithiit  weiuuliiiilife 
no.prari^B  6t*raDJ|em6iit  fdrprtetiringpiidabenai^.aBi^tdso  btt 
dostitote' of  ftinde  with.which'to  pBOftebiuMi &b'Wiir|:,  hvA inendwiidi^ 
our  laborstBoiBtewihat  diifflisult  sDfll  aModna;)  tod  tfajesa  Qiti88aA>«T«o 
contribo  ted' torfetiid  tbil  rCQii^fdeAaD '  bf )  tbel  vibk 
we  cpuld  have  wished.    The  want  of  fiends  ha?  caii8e<^  ns  np  litUe 
incoDveQience  in  procuring  sufficieDtlielp  to  aavance  the, work  aa^ 
tasA  as  was  desirable,  ,  , 

When  we  comoienced  the  wor^,  th^  erection  of. the.  east  wmg 
was  not  anticipated,  by  your  board,  for  tlie  present  at  leasj;,  but 
subsequently  as  the  excavajtioi\  fui*  tBe.inaip  buildjrig  progressed, 
ifc  was  seen  to  be  all' important,  in  fact  absolutely  necessary  to  the 
permanency  oJ'rtire  WiWa  i*thrcttfre/fo  exte^  ttf^  eifeavettfon  for 
the  e^t  Vmg,  find  kj^"  thi  fdiirfd6il6n  6f 'tiie¥i^^  it  thebottiim  ot^ 
asub^cdlar.   ^:     '  ;•-  J    ' -'    '       ^'    '-    '     '  ^' '  '     "'■'  ^'^ 


16 

afforded  bj^  tim  bnildipg^.for  work  shppi  deeping.  roo^fi,&c.|  U 
would  bb  impossible  to  ^ccoti^lnodute  our  ^repent  aungiu^r  of  por 

Among  the  o*her  duties  astfgned  'it%  ^teffii'niiiking'  ftbTAelfti*- 
per4tivc(lj  neQe88^.y.rt'piitraii^out  live  pre9eQfrijp9titiite  l^u Udijigfi; 

Tbepeiinpr  'Vixu^eiit^ihad  Uet-w  qnituifop  Joogdel8;/?!i;:thej  cp.n- .. 
siBtt'd  in  grading  and  Jelling  in  the  e^i'tb  Q^  ibo  w,eat  side  fuid  put* 
ting  ill  cqfbiiigfitQne8'iuatc^d<it'  an  aica  yralK  ^8.wa$,  originally, 
de^ig^ed.  to  )>rotect.tlie'fonhd4tiou  tjpm  eMrr/t^nts of  watep  itQcumu-   . 

Also  stone  step^  leading  under  piazrzas  flaggingbotli  front  and  rear  * 
piazzas  Willi  htone,  btllhfing  three  ress  pui»l8,  sthiie  sink's,'  conduit 
pipes,' &';.,  all  oK  wliich  has  been  done  in  a  good  Substantial  man- 
ner and  fet  as  low^  a  price  a-^  poss'ibfe,  viz:  four  htmdred  and^feixtjr- 
se ten  15100  dollars.         ' 

Id'elienFatin^i  the^kteHar  and   Ua8eni«tn<  ofanw  b«ildai^<irei  ^ 
mide  oar  contHaotsdo'tlmtfiffe  goqU  kbi^id  ilia  gra^nelaiid^anhid**- 
livured  iLl3  «Q6ir  ppiiuta  wittiiii  tlid  in8lil»te(gtcn>ndfti«6f#e  mijg^^ 
cbdMe;  to  thai:  wttiia trifling a^Htiumiiex^md  webafte  itraveL  . 
ed'tllcmiAgUij  oniJvhuiicbred«itd  J%  «ods4>f  (feivearkirid-  tritlks.  «i|^ 
th«  iA:ititf«e'{;i(iiaud^,  ai|d  tiUed  in^arouiid  til    "vireit  wing^  Und  ^he^ 
vcmrkiBiftbpset^ti'tiHtidiyd  xarda nf  oarth,  aiadihaddittoN^saTvdail 
the  sand  we  have  used  in  our  frt'Sent  work,  and  have  on   liaxldi 
nei^ilf.it'.OAit  qujte  a^wf^v  to  ,Oriini>lete  the.  in^fc^ilite  bpUdii^iB, 
w)mc1%  latVf  itttHi.Uofie  ojitai^ned  thrmrgk  the  ^psnaL  u^e^iAS ,^<MildL  . 
ha^  e  ^9»  iDi^ck<is  th^'wh'il^  eoc|wnre  /of  eicayi^tjiig  ^v^  df^^  \ 
itiug^l^lLtlfe  ea?tliremvved,  6^4^he  wl>(»le,buildiiig.       .|  ,; 

The  accomp^M.>iJ^g  statement. wihexhibh  to  you  tl»e  amounk  " 
of  expenceq  uf  th^   dJffeceut  departinents  of  wprjc  givea    s  ia 
cbarge. 

Mbi^iivg^Attd?nyf)r«ftew»ntd'0'»  Workshop"    •  .     *  ^     Si}0^64 

Repairs  aiid  iniproVemefits  abmit  ihe  west  wiiig  .    "  '48y,llf 


IT 

£xpcnsc9  incnrrod  in  oxca^^iting  tlio  collar  and  constmo- 
ting  tlio  ceiitro  luuiu  buililinjf  aad  oast  wiog  as  far  as 
completed  6,803»38 


$5,882,05 
Tools  and  materials  on  band  80^i50 


15,577.68 
All  of  which  is  most  respectful]/  submitted, 

IRA  MILTIHOBS 
J,  F.  WILLARD, 
Building  CgnimitlmK 
JaQesville  December  ICtli^  1854 


REPOBT  OP  THE  SUPERINTENDENT. 

TotheBoardcf  Trusteta  of  the  Wiiconsin  InstiMs  farthe edu- 
nation  qf  the  Blind. 

GsHTLraaoi:  I  have  tbe  honor  to  present  you  a  fourth  annnal 
report  of  the  LiBtitation  under  my  care. 

The  institution  has  been  nnder  my  charge  nearly  two  years,  and 
it  giyes  me  pleasure  to  state,  that  the  pupils  have  never  apprecia- 
ted their  advantages  more,  nor  improved  them  better  than  during 
the  past  year. 

Our  number  of  pupils  is  sixteen,  or  three  more  than  during  the 
previous  year. 

Tbe  annexed  schedule,  ''A,"  shows  the  names,  ages,  residence, 
place  of  nativity,  number  of  years  blindness,  date  of  admission  of 
the  several  pupils  now  in  the  institution. 

We  have  now  as  great  a  number  as  can  be  accommodated  in  the 
present  building.  When  the  other  portion  of  the  building  is  com- 
pleted, we  anticipate  a  considerable  accession  to  our  present  num- 
ber. 

The  measles  made  its  appearance  among  the  pupils  of  the  insti- 
tute about  the  middle  of  February  last,  and  from  that  time  until 
the  middle  of  April,  we  were  afflicted  with  the  disease,  taking  in 
its  range  eight  or  ten  of  our  number. 

In  a  disease  like  the  measles,  much  depends  ux)on  care.  They 
were  attended  by  Dr.  L.  J.  Barrows,  who  gave  unremitting  atten- 
tion to  the  pupils  during  the  entire  time  of  their  sickness,  and  to 
whom  in  behalf  of  the  pupils  and  others,  I  tender  grateful  thanks. 

After  the  measles  had  left  us,  Miss  Frances  Kaleigh  was  taken 
with  a  very  serious  lameness,  which  continued  so  long  that  it  waa 


19 

thought  adyisable  to  send  her  home,  which  was  accordingly  done 
about  the  first  of  May  last,  and  she  did  not  return  until  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  term. 

Dr.  C.  G.  Pease,  in  the  absence  of  Dr.  Barrows,  attended  the 
papil  last  mentioned.  Aijgust  Cale  was  detained  at  home  by  ill- 
ness until  tbe  first  of  the  present  month. 

Our  workshop  has  been  an  invaluable  aid  during  the  past  year 
in  enabling  the  boys  to  learn  the  manner  of  manufacturing  brooms. 

The  scarcity  of  material  for  brooms  has  been  a  great  detriment 
to  the  work.  It  is  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  any  broojn  com 
can  be  obtained,  and  when  found  a  most  extravagant  price  is 
asked. 

I  would  respectfully  suggest  to  the  board  the  propriety  of  mak- 
ing a  contract  with  some  person  to  furnish  the  institute  with  a 
certain  amount  of  broom  com.  By  this  means  we  can  secure  a 
Bufficiency,  which  1  think  cannot  be  obtained  in  any  other  manner 
without  travelling  hundreds  of  miles. 


Previous  to  last  April  the  boys  had  been  allowed  a  certain  sum 
upou  each  broom  manufactured  after  they  had  made  the  number 
Tequired  by  the  institution. 

By  this  arrangement  they  were  induced  to  Occupy  much  of  their 
time  while  out  of  school,  in  the  manufacture  of  brooms.  During 
the  hours  employed  by  the  boys  in  the  shop,  the  girls  are  engaged, 
imder  the  superintendence  of  Mrs.  Walls,  in  knitting.  This  con- 
Bists  of  the  manufacture  of  tidies,  sacks  for  children,  chair  armlets, 
cake  covers,  ottoman  covers,  &c.,  &c. 

The  girls  provide  the  material  for  the  manufacture  of  these  ar- 
ticles and  have  the  avails. 

They  will  commence  the  manufacture  of  bead  baskets  before  the 
.  Ist  of  January  next. 


4 


20 

Itisqtiito  desirable  tlmt  thepnpila  time  elionlcl  be  well  employed 
except  dio  tiino  noces^arj  for  e^^tircisa.  It  gives  Uiein  a  feubstAn- 
tial  trade  conducive  to  botli  p>ca8u're  and  proHr,  cultivating  habits 
of  indnstr}',  and  to  those  who  once  enjoyed  thu  plcasuie  of  lo(»ki«g 
upon  our  beantitnl  fields,  and  gazing  wirh  never  ending  delightat 
the  great  treasure  house  of  nature,  it  casfs  aside  thepastand  brings 
the  present  home  with  all  its  exciting  reality ;  it  occupies  their 
time  and  prevents  many  a  sad  and  lonely  hour. 

The  annexed  schedule,  "B,"  shows  the  cost  of  implomeirtt  for 
broom  .and  brush  manafacture,  material  for  manufacturing  broom 
brushes,  &c.  &c. 

We  expect  to  commence  the  manufacture  of  brushes  about  the 
tenth  of  this  month.  The  work  has  been  delayed  a  long  time  for 
want  of  necessary  implements  and  patterns  to  arrange  the  shop. 
Tiiese  could  not  bo  obtained  especially  from  another  f^tato  with- 
out the  money,  and  we  have  IaJ)orcd  under  the  same  disadvantage 
in  every  thing  elec,  for  which  the  Board  of  Trustees  is  not  in  tho 
least  responsible,  as  our  quarterly  appropriations  could  not  well  be 
drawn  from  an  empty  State  Treasury. 

In  accordance  vrith  a  resolution  passed  in  October  last  by  the 
Board,  I  have  emjjloyed  a  yonng  man  by  the  name  of  Andrew 
Keikle,  as  foreman  to  our  shop.  He  had  formerly  been  engaged 
Sn  a  workshop  in  the  Ohio  Institute  for  the  blind.  He  nuder* 
stands  his  business  thoroughly,  and  comes  with  high  recommend- 
ations Irom  the  Superintendent  of  that  institution. 

The  pupils  have  improved  much  during  the  past  year  in  rnqsic^ 
nnder  the  instruction  of  Mrs.  L.  Walls. 

The  discriminating  ear  of  the  blind,  renders  them  well  adapted 
to  learn  the  science  of  music,  and  they  should  bo  encouraged,  fiJr 
it  may  be  a  means  of  much  pleasure  and  employment  in  the  fa* 
tnre. 


21 

.  Tho  piano  bon^ht  last  apring  liaf  dano  oxcellent  eervico  during 
.tke  BOAimer,  and  proves  to  bo  ono  oftlic  most  durable  kind. 

.  :  The  eitufttion  of  assistant  teacher  in  tbe  literary   department, 
occupied  dnriDg  tbe  p?t8t3*ear  by   Miss  Mary   A.  Wued,  is  now 
.£IIoil  by  Mis^  Sai'ab  ElUworth)  who  is  a  tjburougli  teuisUscaud 
..peribrais  her: duties  admirably. 

The  order  of  daily  exercisos  is  as  follows: 

-<  AM  rifie  at  the  ringing  of  the  bell  in  the  morning  at  six.  The  Zam- 
ily  breakfast' at  a  qnater  before  seven,  the  pnpils  at  a  quarter,pa^ 
Bevea*  Tho  ]7n|)il8  are  assembled  at  Xtn  miuntos  before  ei^ht;  a 
|)ortion  of  the  scripture  Js  read  ;  then  the  daily  atiidies  are  cottl- 
menced,  which  consist  of  reading,  writing,  spelling,  written  and 
mental  arithmetic,  grammar  and  algebra,  and  thus  the  time  is 
passetf  until  twelve,  and  from  one  till  half  past  two,  at  which  time 
th49  pnpils  meet  for  singing  cla-s,  which  ountinnes  one  hoar.  At 
half  past  three  the  boys  go  to  their  work  in  the.  sliopw 

You  will  observe  that  the  boys  are  employed  more  than  eight 

#  honrs  in  their  various  exercises,  and  the  giils  abont  seven.    It  is 

arranged  so  that  the  piano  can  be  occupied  all  day.    It  i^  done  by 

giving  the  papils  their  music  lessons  while  free  from  other  tasks. 

The  blind  are  of^en  able  to  perform  mental  feats,  which  to  those 

blessed  with  sight  are  truly  astonishing.    It  is  the  result  of  con- 

centration  and  cultivation  of  the  mental  facuhies  undisturbed  by 

surrounding  influences.    The  manner  of  teaching  the  blinA  being 

mostly  oral,  is  calculated  to  impr|)?s  .the  subject  upon  th^  mind. 

Also  the  habit  of  relying  almost  entirely  upon  the  mental  facnltiea 

.gtveeapowerof  arranging snbjects  in  tlie  memory,  of  which  few 

ijptople.  are  aware.    Therefore,  if  a  piipil  wjfslics  tu  auceeed  w^il  he 

tSMist.jetiJter  tiio  i^sil^u.iQo  with  a  fixed  doterounaiiiun  tobofiome 

4ih0  aiasKer.oC  GMry  brandbu 


Perhaps  it  is  too  often  the  case/  that  parents,  feeling  solicifona 
for  the  welfare  of  a  child  deprived  of  one*  sense,  bestow  nnnsnal 
care  upon  it,  and  under  its  influences  grow  up  many  pernicious 
habits,  causing  the  child  to  become  petulant  and  fauU-finding.  In 
so  doing  the  parent  makes  a  gi'eat  mistake.  It  should  receive  bu- 
perior  advantages  to  the  other  children — not  more  iudulgenoe. 

During  the  past  summer  an  admirable  system  of  draining  the 
yard  by  cess  pools,  has  been  adopted,  which  has  contributed  very- 
much  to  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  all  living  in  the  institute. 

There  can  be  only  one  opinion  as  to  the  manner  the  funds  ap- 
propriated for  the  building  have  been  expended,  and  that  is,  judi- 
ciously. The  Board  acted  the  part  of  wisdom,  by  going  on  with, 
the  work,  and  the  building  committee  have  performed  their  work 
nobly. 

The  following  newspapers  have  been  sent  to  us  regularly  and 
gratuitously,  for  which,  in  behalf  of  the  pupils,  I  return  thanks 
to  the  gentlemanly  proprietors  of  the  same : 

Wisconsin,        Daily, 
Madison  Argus,  do 
Democratic  Standard,  Weekly, 

Janesville  Gazette,  do 

Free  Press,  do 

Badger  State,  do 

Beloit  Journal,  do 

Monroe  Sentinel,  do 

Milwaukee  Sentinel,  *  do 

We  have  cause  to  feel  a  just  pride  in  the  advancement  of  our 
state,  increasing  her  population  by  thousands  each  year.  Bich 
in  agricultural  and  mineral  wealth,  only  six  years  a  state,  yot 
hearing  upon  her  bosom,  cities  with  their  thousands.    This  state 


26 

lias  ever  held  forth  her  liberal  hand  to  the  institation  for  the 
blikid,  and  the  deaf  and  dnmb,  and  the  insane,  and  those  nnforta- 
nate  classes  will  always  hold  in  grateful  remembrance  the  efforts 
made  in  their  behalf. 

BespectfuUj  submitted. 

^  0.  B.  WOODRtTFF, 

Superintendent. 
Wis.  Inst,  vob  Blind,  Dec.  5, 1854. 


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♦-•  *J  •i  ^  «_•  -T   i  -  -^  f*  >*••  "^  -*   a**i  ♦* 

coooc^'^.oo^rccc    co 


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-3    •  J    •    •    •    •  j^  y    J    .  ♦>  3    .    •    • 
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I  S^  sl  i.s  i  i  •  8k5  i'E"! ^ 

4)    ••    s    "  ^^    4*    ^  -^    «"    S   7    C  •••  SI    S 


S8 

Work  fihop^  in  aeoaunt  with  InstUuU: 


■  -1 — 

To  1  twi  BrooiB  Corn.................... •.••• 

986  00 

7  00 

99  00 

19  00 

47  00 

••  16  lU  Wire 

*■  ](t00  Bmom  Handles. ....  ........,..•.••••. 

•  12  lU  Twine 

*  yixttirefl  anil  implements  on  hand  for  rasking 
BrushoB  and  Brooms.  *.•....*..... ........ 

194  00 

Ob. 


9f  Bnoms  mvVI  stmI  iitorTr  on  Tisnd  . . 
Balance  in  faror  work  shop. 


ff66  00 


f79  00 
tSbCOO 


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ij 


FIRST   ANNUAL   REPORT 


ASD 


COLLECTIONS 


OV  THB 


STATE  HISTOEICAL  SOCIETY, 


OF 


WISCONSIN, 


FOB  THE  TEAR  1854. 


UADISON: 

filBIAH  BBOWK.  fjaSTUL 


1866. 


OFFICERS   FOR  1855. 

presidsnV: 
Oea.   WM.    E.    SMITH,    Mineral   Point. 

YIOB     FBK8IDXKT0: 

BICREASE  A.  LAPHAM,  Milwaokee, 

Hon.  KELSON  BEWET,  -  Luioaater  * 

Qmsf.  ALBERT  G.  ELLIS,         -  Steveu  Point, 

Hon.  morgan  L.  MARTIN,  -  Greoa  Bay, 

GYRUS  WOODMAN,  -  Minoral  Point, 

Hon.  GEO.  R.  McLANB,  -  Pine  Lake. 


Offn^spanding  Secretary-^LYlAAlii  C.  DRAPER. 
Beoording  Secretary-^ OR  Jif  W.  HUNT. 
JMrarian-^-S.  H.  CARPENTER. 
TWatMr^r— Peof.  O.  M.  CONOVER. 


CUBA  V  ORS: 


Hon.  L.  J.  f  ARWELL, 
«    J.  P.  ATWOOD, 
"    D.  J.  POWERS, 
B8RIAH  BROWN, 
DANIEL  S.  DURRII, 


Hon.  SIMEON  MILLS, 
"    JOHN  T.  SMITH, 
"    H.  A.  WRIGHT, 
OoL.  DAVID  ATWOOD, 
JULIUS  T.  CLARK. 


EfifiOKX, 


To  Bjb  ExcELLvsor^  Wiluak  A.  Ba«stow, 

Sir  : — ^In  accordance  with  the  act  grantiDg  to  the  State  Histori- 
[  cat  Boeietj  five  hundr^  dollars  annuajly,  we,  the  nnderBigped  £x- 
I  «cut!ye  Committee  of  Hie  Society,  herewith  render  the  Treaiurer's 
anhtLal  report  of  the  manner  of  expenditure  of  the  appropidationi . 
witii  ihe  Yonchers  therefor.  The  receipts  of  the  year  are  there 
ahown  tohave  been  $552  52,  and  thedisburaements  $497  10,  leav- 
ing a  b^nce  in  the  treasury  of  $55  42/ 

I      The  organisation  of  such  a  societj^was  firet  suggeeted  aod  nqgs^,. 
I  ^7,  Ghauvct  C*  BBTTTy  Esq.^in  the  Mineral.  Point  Democi^it^ 
:  Oct  23, 1845,  and  though  the  newspaper  press  of  the  Territoiyap 
proTod  the  proposal,  notliing  .was  done  till  the  BOth  of  Jiannarj , . 
1849,  irhen  the  State  Histobijcal  Socdstt.of  Wiboomsis  waaffuily: 
OTgamzei  at  Madison.    But  in  the  injbnoy  of  the  State,  and  the^ 
too  common  neglect  to  preserve,  by  means  of  associated  efiort,  n^e^ 
morials  of  the  histoiy  of  the  past  a^dpfissing  eyents,  little  wasac* 
eoaipIiflbed|till  the  year  just  drawn  to  a  dose.  .  An  act  of  incoip^ 
lEtion  was  obtained  in  March,  1853;  smd,  in  January,  1854,  tbe 
Society  was  re-organized  with  a  view  to  more  efficiency,  when  the 


chief  laboTB  and  dntiet  were  assigned  to  an  ExecotiTe  Oommittee, 
who  were  to  meet  monthly,  and  ottener  when  neceesary.  The  last 
Legislature  was  memorialized  for  the  small  annual  appropriation 
of  $600,  to  be  expended  in  making  collections  illustrative  of  the 
history  of  Wisconsin,  no  part  of  which  should  erer  go  to  pay  for 
senrices  rendered  by  the  officers  of  the  Society ;  and  the  amount 
asked  for,  was  granted  in  Fe^iroftry  ^st  Ibis,  together  witktfia 
few  Tolumes  of  state  publicatione  placed  M  the  disposal  of  the  8^ 
dety  to  aid  in  effecting  literary  exchanges,  has  placed  the  Bodety 
upon  a  firm  basis,  and  enabled  it  to  enter  at  once  upon  a  prosper- 
ous and  honored  career  of  usefulness. 

In  January  last,  the  number  of  Tolumesin  the  library  was  fifty. 
During  the  year  past,  the  Bociety  has  purchased  a  complete  set  of 
]f4M  jSTational  Regiiterj  containing  a  most  valuable  current  hia- 
tory  of  the  times  from  its  commencement  in  1811,  to  its  termina- 
tion in  1849,  in  seventynux  volumes;  and  also  fifty-four  volumes 
of  rare  historical  works,  relating  mainly  to  the  West  and  Nortk 
West.  Among  them  may  be  particularly  meDtioned  a  copy  of 
Lescarbot's  History  of  Kew  France,  published  in  1609 ;  two  vol- 
umes of  the  old  Jesuit  RdoLions^  1643  '44;  a  fall  set  of  the 
LMrea  Edifiardes  et  OurieuseSy  in  twenty-six  volumes,  containing 
much  rare  historical  matter  recorded  by  the  early  Catholic  miss- 
ionaries in  the  Korth  West,  commencing  in  1672 ;  Evans'  lai^ge 
and  rare  Map  and  Analysis  of  the  Middle  Colonies  and  the  West 
inlTSB ;  Carver's  Travels  in  Wisconsin,  with  a  portrait  of  that 
early  western  traveller;  Mackenzie's  Travels,  and  other  early  and 
valuable  works.  Beside  these  one  hundred  and  thirty  volumes 
purchased,  eight  hundred  and  seventy  volumes  have  been  receiv- 
ed by  the  Society  during  the  piist  year,  either  as  donations  or  ex« 
changes,  from  nearly  two  hundred  different  sources ;  making  the 
present  number  in  the  library  one  thousand  and  fifty  volumes. — 
Of  Aese,  seventy-five  volumes  are  quartos,  siity-two  volumes  of 
newspapers,  and  the  remaindier  chiefiy  of  octavo  size.  They  maj 
be  elassified  as  follows :       * 


lioAtioimofHitloritalSoeifliis  4M  tiM. 

Ck)iigir8tsi<HialpiibIiB»tio&8  •                     US    << 

Mitoella^MOS          *  -       197    <' 

State  Laws  wd  Joonwlft  -    Vi    ^ 

VnWmod  W^Am  -    M    *« 


Total  1060    « 

There  are  sixty-two  Tolnmes  of  newspapers,  besides  Niles  Beg- 
ister,  all  either  bound  or  in  process  of  binding;  and  several  of 
these  volnmes  embrace  a  period  of  two  or  more  years;  so  that 
the  entire  series,  including  Niles,  make  about  one  hundred  and 
forty  years  of  printed  matter,  or  over  one  hundred  years  aside 
from  J^iles'  Begister ;  and  the  Wisconsin  papers  alone  comprise 
one  half  of  these  yeai*]y  files,  commencing  with  the  pioneer  pub- 
Hoation  of  Wisconsin,  the  Green  Bay  Intdligenoer^  which  first 
appeared  Dec.  Uth,  1838.  This  collection  of  papers,  large  tor  the . 
brief  period  ihe  Society  has  made  it  a*^  special  object  to  secure 
themj^  is  a  matter  of  much  felicitation  to  the  members  of  the  Execu- 
tive  Oommittee,  knowing  their  inestimable  value  to  the  present 
and  iuture  historians,  legislators  and  jurists  of  our  State.  But  the 
eollection,  large  as  It  may  appear,  is  by  no  means  conlplete ;  there 
are  many  files  of  Wisconsin  papers  extant  that  should  early  find 
their  way  to  out  library.  The  names  of  the  donors  of  these  sev- 
eral newspaper  files  are,  Darwin  Ofark,  Wm.  N.  Seymour,  W.'W. 
Wyman,  Beriah  Brown,  David  'Atwood,  L.  0.  Drapei*,  Jl  W. 
Hunt,  t}.  C.  Britt,  and  8.  O.  Benedict,  of  Madison ;  E.  Beeson, 
and  Bojal  Buck,  of  iV>ud  du  Lac ;  Oen.  A.  G.  Ellis,  of  Stevens^ 
Pdnt ;  John  Delaney,  of  Portage  City ;  E.  B.  Quiner,  of  Water- 
town  ;  W.E,  Cram#,^if  Milwaukee,  and  Patrick  Toland,  of  West 
Bend.  From  the  latter,  a  venerable  volume  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Evening  Post,  from  August  1776,  to  August  1777.  ExOov,  Doty 
has  most  kindly  and  liberally  tendered  the  Society  several  files  of 
newspapers  published  while  Wisconsin  was  a  part  of  Michigan 


Territory)  aQ4iw)iildL  2naali.]>roire.a  panloudjr'  valiulile  M4aiiitteii' 
4o  oA  coUaMioQi  and  wlios^- arrival  mtif^aoaai)e>emp%ttbiJ^' 

The  Sod^ty  has  also  been  fortunate  in  seenring,  at  a  moderaie 
xost,  eightednyolnmeB  of  ne\^paperfl,  pttbli^lied in {ttie  Atlantic 
^States,  in  varions  years,  from  1784  to  1832,  containing  mncfa^fron* 
tier  hi'storiljal  matter,  particularly  relative  to  tbis  war  Yif"  IWf-'lf^* 
And  the  BMicIr  Hawk  war;  and  these  may  be  expected  to  -rettcli^ 
liere  ^firly  J^  the  ensuing  spring.  , 

Since  March  last,  the  Society  has  been  in  the  receipt  of  twenty-, 
nine  Wisconsin  paper3,'fire  from  other  states,  and  four  maga^nes; 
jtU  most  generously  donated  by  their  publishers  creditors.  There 
are  also  preserved  for  the  Society,  by  members  of  the  Committee, 
nine  Wisconsin  papers,  and  three  from  other^states.  *  These  fifty 
publications  are  all  carefully  filed  for  binding  as  often  as  there 
shall  be  enough  of  each  to  form  a  suitable  volume ;  and  they  are 
^deemed,  ncFt  only  by  the  Committee,  but  by  all  enlightened  men, 
to  be  among  the  most  important  labors  engaging  the  attention  of 
ihe  Society.  This  department  alone  of  the  Society's  collections 
must  speedily  become  rast  in  extent,  and  valuable  beyond  all  es- 
timation for  purposes  of  reference,  and  as  treasuries  of  the  history, 
growth  and  progress  of  Wisconsin. 

The  department  embracing  the  published  transactions  of  kiii* 
4red  Historical  Societies,  and  other  learned  institnti/ous  ofourpooiv- 
try,  has  received  the  early  and  constiint  attention  of  the  Commit-, 
tee,  aad  very  gratifying  su^ess  has  attend^  their  efforts*  PrioT 
to  ihff  past  year»  the  Smithsonian  •  lostitution  and .  Bhode  ^  Island 
Historical  Society  had  alone,  furnished  their  publioatioas;  and^ 
dariQg.the  year  just  plQsed,  the  Society  has  recejv^ed  the  publioh^ . 
^T^^^saptions  and  CoUeotionsof  the  Historical  Sooietieaof  Kaw 
HainpsbifQ,  ICas^achosettS)  Kew  Jersey  aad  Ohjio^  Newflnglaad 
Genealogical  S<>ciet7,  Essex  Institute,  Axperioan  Ettoolpgioal  So-. 

*T&€ThaTe«inc«coinetohAnd— aboundfileof  thf  J)etr^  ffazeUe  |W>m  ,1816  to 
I8SKI ;  w  Gklena  MinerU  Jfrnrwd,  iBS^d^'Si^,  and  ofh«n.    Got.  I>ot^  kat  abo  f<fnnirded '  • 
«  niogt^juit«raiU«ff  8iHe84>f  laws  which  ao\arQad  tliit  coiaItj  ui^d^r.^  ^risSt^rtgimm^ 
the  iroHh  WMt/Indiana,  and  MicUgan  Terr«tori6t. 


9  '• 

ci0l!fyAjMV]M»  iMiliitt^  Md  the  pvbliMlioiie  of -Hlu^fttd  CM* 
Ufs^    Tb^  AiEMQPtcn  Fliiloidpliteal  BiMdety  has  UlMittiHf  voted  tm ' 
qualt^  vdkuiMS  of  Ste'TittDiraotions  i9  onr  •a8io^a!llMi  and  placed 
ourtoeiely^pon  its  l&t  of  exehangeB^  and  thieslo  valuable  trorks 
magp" Mrly  ba  efxpoal^d.    AssuraneM  ha^ealsoi^een  reeeSrad fiom ^ 
the  Hi8torieal4B6(M(}eB  &t  Pefimeyl^ania,  llai^latid  and  G^rgii^, 
the.AQ;iericaQ.Ai;i%a^riaA.Socict^9  and  thd^Apeiicau  Qfog^^pbir 
caland  Statistical  Sooiaty,  of  theiiv fr|eadlj  cQ-pperatiop,.  and  of. 
their  r^diBass  to  ooter  i^po^  ^  system  of  .azchanges  wUh  ue ;  ^ 
that  bfit  three  efficient Historiqal SQcietieaof  oorcouotryi  thoa^  of 
2feio  Yorhy  M^ine  and  Virgia^ia^,  remaip  uur^jprcB^nted  iii  .ouj: 
library  or  liet  of  ezcbfuiges.    The  large  qaeasur.d^  oj^  auQcasa,  at^- 
tending  this  department  of  par  ccUe.o^ioAi»  is|  mainly  attrib.qtjablQ 
to  the  liberal  policy  of  our  Stata  Laglalature  in  placing  at  the  dia* . 
posal  of  tbe  Society  a  few  volames  ai^nnally  oC  the  State  publica- 
tions to  nse  in  effectngesehanges;  togj^therwith^  tba  confidence  of 
the  kindred  institutions  of  our  country^  that  this  Society  will  soon 
enter  upon  the  regular  publieatiQn  and  distribi^tioa  of  its /manu- 
script collections.    It  is  extremely  desirable,  that  such  publications 
he  commenced  without  delay,  as  multiplying  and  diffusing  copies 
of  rate  historio  doMments  greatly  mefease  titfe  fneaos  'of  thoi^ 
BficiMkneea,  as  well  a^  tend  to  avert  their  irrettietmble  loss  by  teaol* 
dent,    ther  dissemination  of  such  publicatimis  wduld  be'  well^ca'^' 
culatod  to  exert  a  most  favorable  influence  abioad  respecting  ihe  * 
inteiMgaiDce)  foi^ig^t  and  ^atbltc  spirit  of  ihd  people^  of  WiscoU'* 
srnif.  '■     ■      > 

Quite  a  respectable  number  of  the  volumes  added  to  the  Ubrary 
during  the  past  year,  relate  to  State,  Oopnty  and  Town  histories  of 
yarious  portions  of  the  ITnion^  family  genealogies,  historical  ad- 
dresses, eulogies,  >aBd  funei;al  discourses  y  which,  with  the  Transac- 
tions  of,  the  Historical  and,  Genealogical  Societies  of.  the  country^^ 
will  prove  invaluable  in  tracing  the  ancestry  and  antecedents  of 
each  of  the  present  and  future  leading  and  influential  men  of  our 
State  as  may  deserve  to  be  ranked  a^ong  our  public  benefactprs.. 
The  published  collections  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society 
3 


10 

aloaa  ettmd  to  tbirt^'Ooe  Toliiiiie%  covoriog  a  ptriod  of  «ixt^*tiit 
yean.  Of  a  ebaracter  somevhat  eimilar  to  ilia  pAbliMtiotifl  of 
•aqh  aoeietiet,  and  alta  valaable  for  the  aatne^eneial  pnrpoooai 
are  tbe  twentj-funr  YQlontea  of  Beards  and  Arcbiveii  pnbliahed 
by  the  State  of  Peposy  vaiiia»  ezteading  from  ite  fiiet  eettleoient 
in  1682  to  1T90— a^ift  from,  the  anttKtfitiee  of  that.State. 

Among  the  mannacript  collections  of  the  year,  may  be  mention- 
ed a  copy  of  the  nnptiblished  Journal  of  Lieut  Jatnes  OomtU^ 
while  BrittBh  commandant  at  Oreen  Bay,  from  1761  to  1768,  froia 
Francis  Parktnan,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  the  learned  author  of  the  His- 
tory of  the  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac ;  SemintBoenoes  of  Orcen  Bay^ 
in  1816-17,  by  James  W.  Biddle,  Esq.,  editor  of  the  Pittsburg 
American;  a  paper  en  the  Indian  Nomenclatti/re  of  Northern 
WtsoonHn^  with  some  account  of  the  Ohippewas,  their  manners  and 
customs,  by  Hiram  Calkins,  Esq.,  of  Wausau ;  and  a  paper  on 
Indian  Poetry^  by  Caleb  Atwater,  the  well  known  venerable  an- 
tiquarian of  Ohio,  and  one  of  the  commissioners  at  the  Indian 
treaties  at  Prairie  du  Chien  in  1829.  These  form  but  a  part  of  the 
Society's  manuscript  collections. 

A  Q)pst  valiiable  and  intevesting  collection  aS  autographs  of  die- 
tingni9hed  peiBonsges  baa  been  oomm^noed,  and  already  incladea 
amopg  the  nim^ber  tho^e  of  Patrick  Henry,  John  Adams,  Jeffer- 
son, Jay,  MorriS)  Kadison,  Sherman,  MoEean,  Bodney  and  Tmm- 
buU;  QeMrals  Wopater,  Epox,  WaynOi  Potter,  Wilkinaon,  Dear- 
bom,  and  Col.  Allen  HcLane,  of  the  Bevolntion ;  Gov.  Thomaa 
Penn,  son  of  William  Penn,  Anthony  Benezet  the  philanthropist^ 
Conrad  Wieser,  who  for  forty  years,^  in  Coloprd  times,  served  in 
the  capacity  of  Indian  agent,  messenger,  and  interpreter  among 
the  Indiism  tribes  of  Kew  York  and  Pennsylvania ;  and  of  our  re- 
cent or  present  statesmen,  John  Qaincy  Adams,  Woodbury^  For- 
syth, Poinsett,  Kipg,  M ahlon  Dickerson,  Pierce,  Buchanan,  Louis 
IfcLane,  John  Branch,  and  others.  Autograph  letters  of  most  of 
the  distinguished  living  literary  men  of  our  country  have  been  re- 
ceived, including  Irving,  Prescott,  Sparks^  Bryant,  Everett^p  School* 


■i'. 


11  . 

enfk^Hildmti^  qbarifs  Aimei^  jUftBii»  flqiiier»  PaifaiiM,  QoiiMy,  ' 
Eeaiwd/)  Longfetlowi  Bro^Jhead,  HaJloek)  and  othtra. 

A  fine  miniature  likenees  of  Wihkeshkxk,  taken  in  1829,  when 
he  was  principal  chief  of  the  Winnebago  Tillage  of  La  Crou4^ 
and  now  head  chief  of  the  Wionebagoes  io.Iowa,  haa  been  prft> 
•ented  to  the  Sjocie^  by  Caleb  Atwatar,  witk  three  drawings  of 
Wiaoonein  natural  hietoryi  iftade  at  the  aama  period ;  also  draw- 
inga  oi  ancient  potteiy  Iptuid  in  La  (ktrnt  ccninty ,  fh)m  J.  Qiii&« 
taa,  Eeq.^  of  Sheboygw ;  and  ft-om  StephenTaylor,  E^.,  of  Fkfl* 
adelpbia,  hia  original  draviage  of  a  number  of  the  a&flienl  aoimai 
moondB  so  pecnliar  to  WJacdnrin,  made  it  1849.  We  hav*  abo 
aeenred  aeveral  lare  early  mapa  of  the  West 

From Hiomas  H.  Olay,  Esq.,  of  Kentacky,  have  been  received  . 
foQT  lilrer  medals,  struck  by  order  of  the  first  Kapoleon,  and  ob- 
tained in  Paris  and  brought  to  this  country  by  Hon.  Henry  Clay, 
and  generously  presented  by  his  son  as  personal  memorials  of  his 
yeuerable  father.  They  were  severalty  designed  to  commemorate 
the  fallowing  events :  1.  Ths  Confederation  of  the  Rhine^  1806. 
ii.  BatOeqf  Jma^  1806.  iii.  BatOeof  Wagram,  1809.  iv.  Mar- 
fiag4  <!f  JfapoiUon  and  JUbriiik  Zcui^ 

Personal  memorials  of  the  Fatheb  of  oub  Country,  from  his 
venerable  step  scin,  George  W.  P.  Custis,  of  Arlington,  and  of 
Dakisl  WxBsiiEB,  DflWirr  CLiirroN,  and  Pbesident  Habsobov^  are 
also  kindly  promised  fbr  the  cabinet  of  the  Society.  Some  speci- 
mens of  Continental  paper  money  have  been  presented  by  Wm« 
A.  White,  Esq.;  an  autograph  letter  of  Washington  may  soon  be 
expected  to  be  added  to  our  collections ;  and  a  miniature  statuette 
of  Gen.  Jackson  basbeen  promised  by  Clark  Mills,  the  distinguish- , 
ed  artist  Among  the  more  important  works  generously  tendered 
the  Society  by  their  authors,  and  which  may  be  expected  during 
the  year  upon  which  we  are  now  entering,  are  those  of  Wm.  H. 
Prescett,  (Carles  Frailcis  Adanss,  Wm.  0.  Bryant,  Benson  J.  Los- 
aing,  Wm.  W.  Campbell,  John  R.  Bartlett,  Rev.  Dr.  Davidson,  Al- 
fred B.  fitieet,  Sdmund  Fkgg,  and  B.  Augustug  Mitchell    Mans.. 


12' 

A.,Y§^a^9Mi^  Pach,  hftf  altfoniMtkliiiLfypmtiiised'M include 
onr  Society  ia  kia  noblQ  STStem  Cff  I&teraftlibtial  H^tary  ElE- 
changes. 

A  PioTusBGALLVBYliasbeett  commenced  under  the  most  ^t- 
teriag  anfiptcet^  TIm  'vakinm  arttet^  Thomafi  Snlly,  of  *PhiIadel- 
pl^Ja,  jias  painted  mud  {)veiented  to  tb^  Society  a  cop^  of  BttiABt^ 
WdamBSGTosi  ^iomm^ofdt^  be  a^lkithfiil  acid  ralnable 'copy  by 
thofvei^ritblePl^fliideniof  oarBodotyy  who  wbb  personally  ac* 
qnidiMd.wit)i  .Gilbert  Stnart;,  and  Has  oftett  seen  tfae  original' 
paiating  sis  woU  m  ibe  venerated  >Wa»liington  ^hiitfsdif.  From 
Claaien*  &.'Ed#ar<h,  a-celebrated  artist  of  Ghicmaafi)  has  been 
received  a  fine  copy  Of  J&rTJeT  t)ortrattof  GhtK.  GkOfiBGrB  Boovsa 
'  Olask,  the  Washington  of  the  West,  and  a  pertrnit  of  Db.  W>& 
Bybd  Powell,  of  Kentucky.  It  was  by  the  genins  and  conquest  of 
General  Clark,  during  the  Bevolutionary  War^  that  the  country 
nortl^-west  of  the  Ohio,  including  our  own  WisGOxxsio,  became 
American  territory,  and  the  Legislature  of  onr  State  has  worthily, 
commemorated  his  worth  and  services  by  naming  a  county  after 
him.  . 

Bobert  M.  Sully,  of  Riehmond,  Virginia,  who  in  1889»  paintcfd 
from. life,  spirited  a^d  truthful  portraits  of  Bla.ck  Hawk,  ma  Sovi 
and  Thb  Psophbt,  is  making  copies  of  them  for  our  Society;  and 
from  his  skilfnl  pencil  our  collection  is  furthermore  to  be  enrich- 
ed by  a  beautiful  portrait  of  the  renowned  Indian  PrincesSi  Pooa- 
HONTASy  and  a  painting  of  the  Bums  of  Jamestown,  from  draw- 
ings made  by  the  artist  up^  that  classic  ground.  Hr.  Sally  alao 
hopes  to  be  able  to  make  for  the  Society  a  copy  from  his  oQginal 
portrait  of  Chief  Justice  Mabshall.  As  Kr.  Sully  has  intentions 
of  soon  making  our  favored  State  his  home,  how  appropriate  that 
the  delineator  upon  canvass  of  Blaok  Hawk  and  two  of  his  noted 
followers  upon  the  war-paths  of  our  soil,  should  visit  in  our  midst 
and  paint  the  battle-fields  of  the  old  chieftan,  to  be  sacredly  pre- 
served in  the  Qall  of  our  Society  I 

John  B.  Johnston^  of  Qmcinnali,  had  made.fiic  Ae'fioab^  a . 


as 

..QOSyiixm  JM>qriffuwl  portnrffc  oC^Nv^Aon^K)  bttttedsntl^  Both 
weie  ufGAtwiitftljr  iDOMMk^d  bj^  the'  Wrniiig  otibm  tetldiftgsin 
wbjf^th^jrvete  ;  but  thetfumieTMiig  ^wid  tkilfiil  wtisttwrlltos, 
tbftt  be  gr0t  Jbap9«  to  bo  able,  to  liilfii  bifl  ^^{[iaftl  intntiasi. . Those 
tafentt^d  bn4b^9  G.2i^.o&<}  John.fiwikoiMtQiii^  one  of  Kew  ¥ork 
.aad  the  other  of  Ohio,  JieTe  eeoh  goMroiiBlgr  toodonMiitheSooMty 

'.apor^aitor  hi^torioa}  pi^oc^ffOtihiajpoJioil  AttvOB^oiia.deitmto 
Mcnrethe  portraita  of  those,  .who  hare  pi«9ideidtis.|^erMkB  over 
Wisconsin^  is  lik^  t»  iMot  wfth  the  moifc<  gratffjrdogoewesiBff. 
Gss.  Ca2s,  whoiW^.fo  losig  QorMBor  of  KiobigM^etdtory.ivkeii 
Wisconsin  farmed  ta  pact,  Goyxuvob^  Ptoocy  TiiiLxiMW.  Bmttr, 
Eaxwisu.  aadJ^lAWfow^  hare  soT^raUj^aigiiiiedith^ifi  intattttoarto 
oomplj  wiUx  the  tnihos  of  the  Society*  Whett  all  tiieia  ]>n}miaed 
paintings  are  pooeivedt  ouQalleiy  wiU  nnmber  toqlhtam^^'itid 
will  provo  not  only  an  interesting  collection  of  works  of  art,  bnt 
manj  of  them  will  serre  to  illostrate  the  history  i^qd  historic  men 
of  onr  State. 

Dariag  the  paslf.yeaf,  thirteen  hundrAd  einmlar%  ipnUisfaeAhy 
. the  Society,  fnlly  settiqg^  fo^ik  ita  aUes  .and  wantoyl  have  beehtsent 
to  men  oflearaii^  aiid^Dsna  inow  own  andiotfaisrcoiieirifes, 
and  more  eapeoUiJIy  to  those  known  as  lovers  end  promotem'of 
history,  ai^d  many  of  them  have  hitidlji  iMpottded  totheappeabof 
tfaeSoQielfifemtiibvting  raare  ^HkI  aoble  vovka  to  onr  Uhirny  jmd 
coUeeticii8,/and  warmly  eowMftiding  the  wkdoioa  andifonsAiorDght 
of  ikeU^ei$!tn»  of  our  Mtafee, in  hATisig  kAentbe  Araf.m  liie 
Union  to^  Imd  its^aidinfonndii^siieh  an  inatitiitiQ»aii<NiBt,, which 
apoat  soon  exert  b  maiked  ii^flne^ee  in^  the^Usteiioal  iitaratore  .of 
]>ok  onlj  oor  own  S«at0i  h^t  the  iwholeN^^tth  W«st  Bssideih^se 
.  eireekESy^o^er  three  h«ndce4offieiallettarsba»et  at  theeaoietiime, 
been  sent  forth  in  the  napie  of  the  Society  in  fnrtheraaee  itf  lilie 
ob|)$cts  of  its  formation. 

A  siegnlar  to^Unee  of  tbeappiMiatieQef tsmksooitlMaiiAijrhe 
feoadin  ,the.faet'thetlCi/lCM«finii*AW,flf  ]U^  <¥en- 
erabteyneokbet  ii  Ibe  fletoaelf  of  Jriends^/iiiAmiMtive  meMber 
oiii^MmimiSialiQi^^  Hat»  toDnttSedfitjiadonaliDa 


^  u 

of  tirentyfire  doHsit.  'BvlA  an  MWipte  ahomM  «enrd  to  qnieken 
.  Ijie  Blale  pride*  of  onr^wn  dlbraniiwho  may  have  it  In  tkoir  pewer 
to oontribttte  iabliildttg  apaaoctetj  in  otfr  midfity  whidi,  in  almost 
a  tingle  year,  aibceitt  eflk>teiit  reot'gaTi^tlon,  lia9  outotrtpped  the 
mostflw^uriehiog  kindred inititation  in  tbe  Weflt^one  which  has  been 
ooarty  aqnarterof'a  oentnrjin  existence.  The  meet  able  and 
enlightened  men  of  owe  age  and  coantry,  bare  warmly  commend- 
ed the  labon  and  objects  of  Historical  Societies.  *^11ie  transac- 
tioBfl  of  pnblie  bodies/'  says  Webster^  ^Focal  histories,  memoin 
of  all  kinds^  statistics,  laws,  ordinance^,  pnblie  debates  and  discns- 
vaioBS^  works  of  pertodioal- literature  and  the  public  journals, 
'.whether  of  political  events,  of  commerce,  literature,  or  the  arts, 
all  find  their  places  in  the  collections  of  Historical  Societies.  But 
Ahese  celleetiottS  are  not  history ;  they  are  only  elements  of  his- 
tory.^' 

At  the  recent  semi-centennial  anniversary  of  the  Kew  York 
Historical  Society,  the  Hon.  R.  0.  Winthrop  very  justly  remark- 
ed, that  "^^  Historical  Soeiettes  of  the  differeut  States  of  the 

.  Union^^-^^and  Iilm  gUd4o  remember  that  there  are  now  so  few 
fitales  witiiont  one-*Hire  Mgaged  in  a  cbniknon  labor  of  love  and 
loyalty  in  gathering  up  materiats  A>rtke  history  of  onr  belored 
Country*  Bat  eadi  <me  ef  them  has  a  peculiar  province  of  inter- 
est and  of  effort  in  illustrating  the  history  of  its  own  State.  *  *  * 
^None  of  ns,^'  continues  tfr.  WiMhi^p,  <<dhoa)di>e  tfnmindfal, 
i&at  there  is  anodier "  work  going  on,  in  this  our  day  and  genera- 
fion,. beside  that  of  writiagthe  history  of  our  fathers,  and  that  is, 
Ma  muHfig  cf  ovmkon  Mst^.  We  cannbt  liYe,  sir,  upon  the 
-glbrMs  of  the  past.    Historic  i&eniorie^,  however  prebious  orhow- 

,  )aver  inspiriag,  will  not  sdstaiii  our  institutions  or  preserve  our 

.ttbtorties.  -•.''* 

"There  is  a  future  history  to  be  composed,  to  which  civery  State, 

jandeveiycitiaeHefevseryBtate^  lit  this  hour,  an^  every  hour  is 

.xaentribating  taaterialft?    AndthegeneMas-Mf^lry  of  our  socielaes, 

.  eiad  of  ihefrrsep^otlve  States,  M  %6  which' shdl)  fcrnish  the  most 

n  bttUtanireeo^  of  the  past^  oioet  not  be  permfittecljlo  retider  us 


IS 

regardlesi  c^  ft  yet  nobler  rfralrp*,  in  mh\6k  it  becomes  m  alleten 
more  ATdehtTy  md  more  ambitiotisl^io  MgBge. '  I  know  «ot  of  a 
grander  fipeetaole  whicb  the  irorM  could  ftiniieh,  thki  thaC  of  the 
mnldplied  States  of  this  mighty  Union  contendtag^witk  each  oth- 
er^ in  a  friendly  and. fraternal  competition,  which  shonld  add  the 
brighteet  page^  to  the  f;itare  history  of  our  common  country,  which 
shonld  perform  the  m^  signal  acts  of  philanthropy  or  patriotism, 
which  should  epchibit  fixB  besfc  examples  of  free  institutions  well 
and  wisely  adn^inistered^  which  shonld  present  to  the  imitation  of 
mankind  the  pureslj  and  mosif  perfect  picture  ot  well  regulated  lib- 
erty, which  sboi^  furnish  the*  most  complete  illustration  of  the 
success  of  thst  p^eat  Bepublicftn  Experiment,  of  which  our  land 
has  been  ProTtdeotially  selected  as  the  stage." 

This  ^^  (ictinff  <nir  oum  Metary^^^  conveys  to  us  an  impressiye  and 
SDggestive  admonition.  As  we  are  now  gathering  up  and  pre* 
serring  the  acts  of -those  who  haye  gone  before  us,  and  aided  in 
laying  the  primitive  foundations  of  ow  State,  so.  very  ijopn  will 
others,  after  us,  be  similarly  engaged  with  reference  to  those  now 
prominent  on  the  stage  of  action.  Histobt  is  a  stern,  impartial 
judge,  deducing  truth,  justice  and  right  from  the  acts  of  the  con- 
spicuous men  of  the  age ;  and  by  these,  rather  than  subserviency 
to  party  behests,  or  playing  the  part  of  mere  time-serving  demo- 
gogues,  muBt  the  character  and  worth  of  our  public  men  be  ulti- 
mately judged  and  determined. 

May  our  State  Histobioal  Soonmr,  faithful  to  the  purposes  of 
its  formation,  never  falter  in  its  noble  mission  of  gathering  from 
the  mouldering  records  of  the  past,  the  scattered  fragments  that 
yet  remain,  and  securing  complete  memorials  of  the  present,  to 
render  ifeple  justice  to  all  the  worthy  sons  oc  Wisconsin,  who 
may  be  earnestly  laboring  in  any  department  of  science,  legisla- 
lation,  literature,  mechanism,  philanthropic  or  industrial  effort,  to 
advance  the  honor  and  prosperity  of  our  State,  or  to  enlighten, 
improve,  or  ameliorate  the  condition  of  man ! 

As  an  evidence  of  the  worth  and  interest  of  the  manuscript  pa- 


.:16 

,  p«nrwehavdiUi9*4y<QllMedoiL'WiBO(niBiii2ivtei7,ww«U«»an 
.-  9ian«Bt-of  what  may  b«  nan  fally  expected  t«f»after,'we  Append 
•  few  thatM!*  deemed  pp^tic^hrly  wortliy  of  netioe  »ad  poblioitj. 
J Allef  wiaefa is veepectfoUy •abnritted, 

VM.  R.  SMITH, 
JOHN  W.  HUNT, 
J.  P.  ATWOOD, 
I.  J.  FARWELL, 
SIMEON  MILLS, 
BERIAH  BROWN, 
DAYID  ATWOOD, 
O.  M.  OONOVISR, 
8.  H.  CARPENTER, 
.    H.  A.  WEIGHT, 
XTMAN  a  DRAPER^ 

BseeDtire  Oommittee. 

M*diBOQ,  JftttTtery  9, 1S55. 


APPENDIX. 


ACTBIfPIX  1I0»&« 


gXATE  mSTOiaCAL  BOCIETY  OF  WKCONSIN. 

Madibon,  Janaarj  2, 1865. 

The  Treasurer  of  the  Witconsin  State  Hiatorieal  Societj) : 
pectftillj  presenta  the  following  statement  of  tbe  receipts  into  the 
Tkeasorj,  nd  diabarsements  therefrom,  during  ^the  year  ending. 
Ihis  daj : 


S«eeipt$. 

Feb.  28, 1864.  From  fonnerTreasnrer, 

9  62 

««    "       "       "     Recording  S«cretai7, 

900 

it    24      **                  '*               ." 

SCO 

u    23^    u       It     Btate  Treaanrer, 

600  00 

lleb.16,    "        "     Recording  Setretorj, 

8  00 

Apr.  18,     ■•       "     Ho8eaSheppard,Balt]Cd 

.,   25  00 

Jnoe  6,      "       **     Recording  Secretary, 

100 

July  10,     "       "           "               " 

2  0) 

Sept.  18,    "        «            "               " 

1  00 

Jan'y  2,  1856,   « 

T  00 

TotiO, 

$552  52 

ZHtbunemenU. 

If  ch.  1 6, 1 854^  Ber  ah  Brown  for  printing  circnlara. 

UOff 

u    u      M    Weed  ^Eberbard,  paper  for  circoUrs, 

10  50 

u    M      u    John  K.  Jon© 8  for  postage, 

17  58 

*♦    •«      «    Obwi.  B.  Korton,  for  books. 

100  00 

Apr.  1)      "    J.  Ho'ton,  txprese  ebargea, 

8  00 

**  S,     *•    J.  K.  Jonea,  postage, 

18  It 

30 


May  4,  1854.  Express  charges, 

[18  8i 

June  8,     «               «* 

8  00         > 

Jaljll,    "    Sundry  bills  for  books, 

freight, ^c. 

358  IL 

Aug.  1,    "           "                  « 

38  10 

Sept.  12,  «    0.  R.  Ed^arfla,  boring  pictures, 

1  00       i 

Oct  8,      «    Postage  and  freight, 

6  58' 

Dec  6,      <'    Express  charges, 

19  80 

Jan.  [8, 1865,  Posta^,  &c., 

40O 

«  •»,      «    Book, 

1  OO 

Total  disbursements, 

ii«r  10 

fialaneeott  hand. 

SS  43 

$853  50   f5«3  as 

Vouchers  for  each  of  the  foregoing  disbursements  are  hercwi^ 
presented. 

BespectfuUy  submitted, 

O.  II.  CONOVER,  Treawrejt. 

Audited  and  found  correct, 

LYMAN  0.  D&ABEit, 
JOHN  W.  HUNT. 


It.     ■ 


APPiim>ixifo.  X 


GRIiEK  BAY  IN  ITM. 

QHAKUQi  WBiiTLWsr^  £tq.y  of  Eaigle  Hirer,  Lake  Superior^  ai^ 
iotelligettt  and  aeoiunpUsbed  6choIar»  eent  ti^  foUowiog  trMtlatiei^ 
of  a  French  mannscripty  relating  to  the  early  history  of  Oreem 
Say,  to  Hod.  0.  D.  Bobinsov ,  by  vhom  it  was  kiodl  j  commoniear 
tod  to  the  aooietj.  It  waa,  with  many  others  of  a  siniUrnaturei 
broogbt  from  France  bj  6en,.  CAaS)  when  he  returned  from  his 
mission^  who  loaned  them  tp  Mr.  VfauiLUBEYfor  peraaal  and  trans: 
lation.  He  promises  copies  oi  others,  which  will  no  doubt  proye 
interesting  and  Talciable, 

Mr.  Whittlesej  thinks  it  is  not  easy  to  determine  bj  whom 
this  memoir  was  penned^  or  to  whom  it  was  directed.  He  sug- 
gests that  a  part  of  it  has  the  air  of  a  circular  addressed  to  the 
Oommandants  on  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Illinois  by  the  head  of 
Indian  AJOEairs;  but  most  of  its  sentiments  and  many  of  the  pbr% 
ses  agree  with  a  letter  of  Jane  19, 1726,  by  M.  DeLjign^y,  f(om 
Qreen  Bay,  to  H.  DeSiertte,  among  the  Illinois. 

IfefMir  c&ncerfiiing  the  peace  nvade  hy  Monsieur  DeLigney  {&r 
Sighey)  with  the  OAiefe  of  the  Foceee  {Rmatds),  Somke'iSaMS^y 
and  W^n^agoe  {Ptums  a  la  Baie\  Jnne  T,  172d. 

To  make  the  peace  which  haabeen  effected  by  M.  Db  Lignct 
with  the  Foxes  of  the  Bay,  and  the  Paants  (Winnebagoes),  of 
the  7th  of  Jnne  last,  certain  and  stable,  it  is  thought  proper  to 
grant  to  Ouohataj  the  principal  chief  of  the  Foxes,  his  partictilar 
t^qnest  to  have  a  French  officer  in  the  country,  which  will,  he  says^ 
aid  him  in  restraining  his  young  men  from  bad  thoughts  and  ac- 
Bona.  .  '  *  ' 


If 6  Aink,  moreorer,  that  it  will  be  neeeMarj  that  the  oem^ 
ttandant  at  La  Pointei  Ohegoiwegcn  (Lake  Snperior),sh<mId  for  hk 
part  labor  to  withdraw  the  Sioox  from  an  alliance  with  the  Foxes, 
to  detach  them  by  preeents,  and  allow  them  to  hope  for  a  mi0sioii>- 
arj  and  other  Frenchmen  as  they  have  desired. 

The  same  thing  ehonld  be  written  to  the  officer  commanding  at 
the  po«t  of  Detroit,  and  at  the  rirer  St.  JosephSf  in  order  that  the 
nations  adjacent  to  those  part?,  may  be  detached  from  the  Foxes, 
and  that  those  officers,  in  case  of  war,  have  a  care  ^that  the  way 
shall  be  stopped,  and  the  Foxes  prevented  ftoxA  seeking  an  asylnm 
iHth  the  Iroqnois,  or  in  any  other  nations,  where  they  may  secreto 
lliemselves. 

Monsienr  Da  Sortb,  who  now  commands  in  the  Illinois  oonntsy 
in  place  of  M.  Ds  BoisBBuirre,  has  written  to  M.  Da  LiavBT,thaf 
die  Foxes  are  afraid  of  treachery,  and  that  the  surest  mode  of  se- 
curing onr  object,  is  to  destroy  and  exterminate  them.  That  he 
has  made  the  same  proposition  to  the  Council  (General  of  New  Or- 
leans, and  has  given  to  the  gentlemen,  who  are  Directors  of  die 
company  of  the  Indies,  the  same  opinion. 

We  agree  that  this  would  be  the  best  expedient,  bat  must  main- 
tain  that  nothing  can  be  more  dangerous  or  more  prejudicial  to 
both  colonies  than  such  an  enterprise,  in  case  it  should  fail.  It 
would  be  necessary  to  effect  a  surprise,  and  to  keep  them  shut  up 
In  a  fort,  as  in  the  last  war;  for  if  the  Foxes  escape  to  the  Sioux, 
or  to  the  Agouais,  (Iroquois?)  they  would  return  to  destroy  us  m 
all  the  Upper  Ojuntry,  and  the  French  of  both  colonies  would  be 
mnable  to  pass  from  post  to  poet,  except  at  the  risk  of  robbery  and 
murder.  If,  however,  after  our  efforts  .  to  cause  the  peace  to  be 
durable  aud  real,  the  Foxes  fail  again  in  their  promises,. and  take 
.up  the  hatchet  anew,  it  will  be  necessary  to  reduce  them  by  armed 
forces  of  both  colonies  acting  in  concert 

In  the  meantime,  it  is  proper  that  M.  Ds  Sonru  should  cause  to 
be  restored  to  the  Foxes  by  the  Illinois,  the  prisoneis  that  they 
may  have  with  them,  as  M.  DkLignet  has  made  the  Fuxes  promise 
to  send  to  the  Illinois  their  prisoners ;  and  that  you  do  not  foUoir 


Ae  •xample  of  other  oommradanto  before  yon,  wbo  hare  thoeglit 
to  inrimidato  the  FozeSi  and  eenee  them  to  lay  down  their  anna 
by  barning  Fox  prisoners  that  fell  into  their  hands,  which  baa 
mAj  senred  to  irritate  that  people,  and  aronsed  the  strongest  hatred 
against  ns. 

If,  with  these^arrangements  on  the  part  of  the  Dlinois,  the  Foxes 
can  be  persnaded  to  remain  in  peace  from  this  time  a  year,  we 
shall  be  able  to  have  an  Interriew  with  H.  Da  SiarrB,  at  ^*  Ohio»> 
gODXy"  or  at  the  Bock  (on  the  Dlinois),  from  whence  to  make  an 
appointment  for  the  Chiefs  of  the  Blinois  nation  and  of  tiie  Bay, 
lOteen  Bay),  where  Ibey  can  agtee  upon  the  nnmbers  of  Finmdk 
apd  of  Indians,  on  tlie  part  of  the  Illinois  and  on  the  part  of 
Qanada,  who  ahall  meet  at  a  fort  to  be  bnilt  at  an  agreed  place  da- 
signed  for  the  meetings 

After  this,  the  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Foxes  and  their  allieSi 
can  be  renewed,  and  the  foliowing  sammer  we  can  c^nse  '^Oncha- 
ta,**  and  the  war-chiefs  of  the  Foxes,  with  a  train  of  their  alliei^ 
the  Paants,  Saaks,  Eickapoos,  Maakoatens  and  Sipax,  to  descend 
the  Lake  to  Montreal,  where  we  can  enqnire  of  them  tbeir  dispo- 
rition  and  intentions,  and  also  learn  the  desires  of  the  King  lEroa 
France. 

.  It  wonld  be  apropos  that  Ouchata  should  pnblidy  demand  a 
chief  from  the  French  in  presence  of  his  chiefs,  and  of  those  of 
the  Santems,  (Ohippeways,)  Potowatamies,  Oatawas,  (Ottaways^ 
and  other  nations,  whom  it  may  also  be  proper  to  bring  down| 
aad  a  chief  or  two  on  the  part  of  the  Illinois,  to  be  witnesses  of 
the  matters  condoled  with  the  Foxes,  There  will  be  no  difflcnitjr 
in  granting  them  a  French  o£3cer,  altheugh  it  may  not  coincide 
with  the  wishes  of  the  Commandant  at  the  Bay,  wbo  will  doubt* 
laaa  be  opposed  to  this  establishment,  only  on  account  of  {Mrirate 
interests,  which  ought  always  to  yield  to  the  good  of  the  aerrice 
^  the  King  and  the  Ckilonies. 


JFPBmnZ  No.  8. 


LI9UT.  JAXSB  OORBELl'b  JOUBNAI4. 

The  late  venerable  Robert  Gilmor,  of  Baltimore,  obtained  fron 
Horatio  Ridout,  Esq.,  of  Whitehall,  near  Annapolis,  Maryland; 
qaite  a  collection  of  rare  and  pnriops  mannscripts  relative  to  tlie 
old  French  and  Indian  war,  and  among  them  this  journal  of  Lieut 
(Jorrell.  Mr.  Ridout's  father  was  John  Eidout,  who  was  Secretary 
to  Gov.  Horatio  Sharpe  of  Maryland  during  the  French  and  Indi- 
an war,  and  thus  became  possessed  of  these  valuable  papers.  Mr. 
Gilmor  presented  them  to  the  Maryland  Historical  Society. 

Francis  Parkman,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  when  collecting  materials 
for  his  able  work  on  border  history,  the  Conspibaoy  of  Poktiao^ 
procured  a  •  copy  of  Gorrell*s  journal,  and  has  kindly  commtini- 
eated  a  transcript  of  it  for  the  use  of  our  Society.  So  interesting 
k  memorial  of  the  early  history  of  Wisconsin,  never  before  pub- 
Ushed,  cannot  but  be  received  with  favor. 

Of  Gorrell  himself,  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  know  so  little. 
In  addition  to  this  journal,  he  left  another  of  Maj.  Wilkins'  expe- 
dition from  Niagara  to  Detroit,  in  the  fall  of  176S.  Tliis  is  the 
last  trace  we  get  of  him.  As  his  name  does  not  appear  in  the 
British  Army  Register  for  1780,  of  which  we  have  a  copy,  it  would 
seem  that  he  had  died  pri^r  to  tliat  date. 

A  few  explanatory  notes  are  added  by  the  editor  to  the  journakL 

L.  a  D. 


UBOT.  JAMBS'  QOBBBLLB.  JOURKAL.  . 

OooimeneiDg  at  Detroit,  September  8tb,  1761.  und  ending  §t  Montreal,  'Aognal  13tl^ 
1763,  oentainiDg  an  accouut  ofseTeral  coanciW  held  with  the  Indians  ;^aIso,  ahowhig 
*•  lillaiBj  tawl  bf  tUe  OnadlMia  h  &in6pt  Vtuf  fndiAM,  attd  eselt^  th^M  agntnat  tkk 

I 
Detroit,  Sept.  8, 1761.— Captain  Belfour  of  the  80th  Regt.,  waa 

cnr^ered  to  march  with  a  detachment  of  the  60th  and  80th  Hegts.^ 

to  take  possession  of,  and  leave  garrisons  at  the  posts  on  Lakes 

Huron   and  Mitchicon,  vi^.,  at  Mishamaklnat,  La  Bay,*  after- 

ivarda  called  Fort  Edward  Augustus,  and  St.  Josephs. 

Sept.  28th. — We  arrived  at  MisUamakinak,  wb^  Capt.  Belfom* 
called. a  council  of  what  chiefs  of  th^  IiKlians  were  then  there^ 
and  jgave  them  a  belt  and  some  strings  of  wampum.  Here  we  left 
Lieut.  Leslie^  of  the  Eojral  Aiuerican  or  60th  Eegt.)  with  one 
aergt,  one  corporal,  one  drummer,  and  twentj-fivo  privatiea  of  th9 
^ame  regiment. 

Oct  l.—The  r^st  of  the  detachment  sailed  with  a  fair  wi^d  for 
Ia  Baj  i  went  that  eveuiog  stxteeA  com^put^d  leaguea,  and  nafy 
irithstanding  we  were  detained  by  contrary  wiuds,  &c.|  four  daj$ 
Mt  the  Grand  Eir^,  we  arrived  at  La  Bay  on  the  12th,  which  isf 
conaputed  eighty  leagues  from  Mishamakioaky  at  a  time  wbeji 
there  was  but  one  family  of  Indians  in  the  village— they  being  gom 
a  hnntin^,  according  to  their  custom,  at  this  time  of  the  year,  and 
return  commonly  in  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June,  accord- 
ing to  the  distance  they  go,  and  the  openness  of  the  season.  There 
were  several  Frenchmen  who  had  gone  up  the  river  that  forms  the 


*  Thb  taking  poasearion  of  theae  western  posts  prrTioualy  occupied  by  the  French) 
I  in  eonaeqoeiice  of  the  conqtieet  of  Canada  ths  pi'etiona  year  Hy  tiia  Xngliifa  and 
IMnyal  Inroe^  Mnd  «•  aannftdtfr  oMIm  Mairqdiarda  Vhvdrtul^  Ooioraar  OewMft^l 
Caaada ;  and  Za  &jf  waa  oar  own  Graan  Bay  of  Wiaconaia,  or,as  the  early  French  wri* 

««n  taiaaed  it,  la  Ba^dn  PuohU. 

'•    .  »      •    '     '  'if  *     I   .    , 

4 


Bay  which  eames  from  Lake  Puan,*  aboat  fonrteea  leagues  up. 
Theee  traden  hare  aiace  gone  up  as  far  as  the  Sousf  oooDtrj, 
near  two  bimdted  leagues  firom  La  Bay,  and  as  thef  went  past 
this  post,  notwithstanding  those  yerj  Frenchmen  were  employed 
hj  the  English  traders  from  Montreal  that  came  to  Mishamakinak 
bjTirtue  of  Gen.  Gage's  license,  did  all  that  laid  in  their  power 
to  peisoade  the  Bay  Indians  to  fall  npon  the  English  on  Hmt  way, 
as  they  heard  of  our  coming,  and  telling  the  Indians  that  the  Eng- 
lish were  very  weak,  and  that  it  could  be  done  v^ry  readily.  Spme 
of  the  joung  warriors  were  willing,  but  an  old  and  great  man  of 
the  Sack  Nation  whom  they  call  Akih a  (and  whom  the  French 
call  DiRDO,)  told  them  they  were  the  £nglidh  dogs  or  slSTes  no^ 
that  they  were  conquered  by  the  English ;  that  they  only  wanted 
his  men  to  fight  the  English  for  them,  but  he  said  they  should  not, 
and  called  the  French  old  sqaawe,  and  obliged  the  warriors  to  de- 
sist, which  tbey  did,  and  went  to  their  hunting.  I  was  informed 
by  an  English  lad,  and  a  New  England  Indian  that  was  with  tfiem, 
of  this  in  the  spring  following,  but  when  I  got  an  English  interpre- 
ter, the  Indian  told  me  of  it,  as  will  appear  hereafter. 

We  arrived  at,  and  took  post  at  La  Bay,  the  12th  October  i 
found  the  furt  quite  rotten,  die  stockade  ready  to  fall,  the  honees 
without  cover,  our  fire  wood  far  off,  and  none  to  be  got  when  tlie 
river  closed.  Hie  14th,  Oapt  Belfour  departed,  leaving  me  wiA 
one  Serg't.,  and  corporal,  and  fifteen  privates  at  La  Bay,  a  FreoclL 
interpreter,  and  two  English  traders — viz :  Messrs.  McKay  from 
Albany,  and  Goddard  from  Montreal. 

When  I  left  Detroit  for  St  Josephs,  and  had  received  my  orders 
from  Capt.  Donald  Campbell,  of  ye  60th  or  Royal  Ameridan 
Begt.,  I  found  in  his  orders  very  little  respecting  Indians,  for 
which  reason  I  applied  to  him  to  know  if  he  had  any  other  in- 
structions, upon  which  he  referred  me  to  Sir  Wm.  Johnson:^,  who 
was  then  there,  to  whom  I  applied.  He  tuld  me  verbally  that  an* 
less  I  didmy  best  to  please  the  Indians  I  had  better  not  go  thara} 

WinntlMgo Laki^    t  SImx.    1 8«|Mriat«dMlof  ikf  JTodbtn  Intluui  Pgpailmit 


k»  told  me  hi  wmM  \%m^  belH  of  WMbpvm  witli€s|it  CUmplMl 
M  wm  at  the  eouMil  WM  orer,  te  be  moi^  to  the  different  •  ]k^ 
though  I  never  receUred  any,  at  I  imagine  the  oap^im  nevoid  bad 
k  m  hie  power  to  send  them,  rrademtandiiig  diomyc  after  tnj 
tahiair  eomoaumd  of  the  poet^  thai  there  was  a  iraet  nnmbef 
oi  Indiana  dependant  on  it,  more  than  waa  erer  thooght  of,  I 
found  that  I  should  have  to  Bend  to  Detroit  for  bolts  to  give  them 
on  their  arrival  in  the  spring.  For  this  purpose,  I  at  three  differ- 
ent times  attempted  sending  expresses,  both  hj  way  of  St.  Josephs 
and  Mishamakinak,  but  I  could  never  do  it  , 

Therefore,  as  I  could  not  get  any  from  Petroitg  and  eonld  not  df 
without  it,  I  was  obliged  after  getting  what  Vr.  Goddfud  had^  tf 
borrow  of  the  Indian  sqnaws,  and  pi^  them  some  twelye  hundred 
for  a  thoQsaod.  I  also  made  use  of  eome  I  had. from  Lieut  Br%- 
hm,  which  was  for  his  own  use.  That  borrowed  from  the  Indiana, 
I  was  obliged  to  repay  on  the  arrival  of  the  first  trader  that 
brought  wampum.  So  that  I  had  six  belts  made,  one  for  each  na- 
tion that  visited  that  place,  but  I  found  that  some  nations  required 
two,  some  three,  and  some  four,  as  they  had  towns.  The  French, 
in  their  time,  always  gave  them  belts,  rum,  aqd  money,  presents 
by  which  they  renewed  their  peace  annually. 

Nothing  material  happened  from  this  till  the  May  ensuing. — 
We  mostly  busied  ourselves  during  the  winter  in  repairing  the 
fort,  houses,  ete ,  as  we  had  by  the  Canadians  many  various  ao- 
counts,  differing  from  one  another,  of  the  Indians  iutending  to  at- 
tack us,  which  accounts  we  had  all  the  reason  afterwards  to  bor 
lieve  were  propagated  to  hinder  the  trader  from  coming  up  to  tliat 
poet 

Some  few  young  men  of  the  different  tribes  or  nations  of  Indi- 
ans came  at  different  times  to  know  how  they  would  be  treated, 
and  were  agreeably  surprised  to  find  that  we  were  fond  of  seeing 
them,  and  received  them  civilly,  contrary  to  the  account  given 
Aem  by  the  French^  They  asked  for  amunition^  which  I  gare 
Aem  at  different  tines,  aa  also  sent  flour  te  some- of  their  old 
men,  who,  they  said,  were  sick  in  t^e  woods.     There  being  no 


IIBitofNi^e'«l  ooMurriYa}^  ive^lmd  m  ^oumU  MA  them  until.  Oii 
jUd  pf'lSmj^  176Sk  on  which  I  ^Hw^red  tbe  fi^wisg  sj^eecbt  i)m 
tkitk  of  Um  SV>lkfi  AroioeSi^  aid^f  tb«  tbrae  Pvaa  okief8,  being 
pMaeoi;  mid  agreeaMjr  ta  nly  orden  fiK>m  Oapt  Campbell^  IgKv% 
m^m  belts  of  vampnni,  aatd  fttilug^  of  the  same,  for  the  retoni  of 

BitOTHKiis!— As  you  may  have  lost  some  of  y'r  brothers  in  the 
war  in  which  yon  imprudently  engaged  with  the  French  againat 
your  brothers,  the  English,  and  tho*  by  it  you  ought  to  have 
brought  a  just  indignation  upon  you,  yet  we  will  condescend  so 
flit  to  fot*get  ifhatever  hath  happened,  thatl  am  glad  to  take  fhis 
opportunity  to  fcondole  with  you  on  the  loss  you  Lav*  met  with. 
At  the  same  time,  by  thetre  belts,  I  wipe  away  all  the  blood  that 
wai  spilt,  and  bury  all  your  1>rdth«r6'  bones  that  remain  unburied 
on  the  face  of  the  earth,  that  they  may  grieve  you  no  more,  as  my 
Intention  is  henceforward,  not  to  grieve  but  to  rejoice  among  you. 

1^  BkothersJ — 1  hope  also  by  these  belts  to  open  a  passage  to  your 
hearts,  so  that  you  may  always  speak  honestly  and  truly,  and 
drive  away  from  your  heart  all  that  may  be  bad,  that  you  may, 
like  jour  brothers  the  English,  think  of  good  things  only.  I  light 
also  a  fire  of  pure  friendship  and  concord,  which  affords  a  heat 
sweet  and  and  agreeable  to  those  who  draw  nigh  unto  it;  and  I 
Ifght  it  for  all  Indian  nations  that  are  willing  to  draw  nigh  unto  it 
I  also  cleaf  agreat  road  from  the  rising  of  the  sun  to  the  setting  of 
the  same,  and  clear  it  from  all  obstructions,  that  all  nations  may 
travel  in  it  freely  and  safely. 

Brothebs! — As  you  must  know  the  arms  of  the  great  King 
Qeorge  have  entirely  subdued  all  the  French  dominion  in  Canadai 
as  you  .must  also  know  the  just  causes  that  obliged  him  to  make 
those  conquests,  in  consequence  of  \vhich,  and  agreeably  to  terma 
of  capitulation  made  last  year,  by  which,  as  before  mentioned^ 


^Tiie  Frtach  dftxM  giten  to  the  McfDottODtct,  netnlDg  Wild  (hh,  fcUvdiiig  t»  <k^ 
WWiin^lriiidigmvataiMiaaitiyia  ift»  f»\ntltf,mA  AmiitIiM  ibigrteifeA 


CkM^a,  wMb  all  iteiiepMAiqpiet,  ivm«o#M  to  the  lkgigtikirti#4 

mj  maitar  $aA  jom  fathsc,  I  aQi«#iit  fatn  tb  ]bm(>  tiM  b^i*«rd«r 

mud  adminitier  tha  8triol6al  jdatioe  mmongvt  yna^  a»  i^  icpvolMl 

all Hw  Indiam^libt  irUi  bj  their  good  behafior  dieetre  hk  refrt 

boantj.    He  halh  also  recommended  it  to  all  his  subjects  who  am* 

cQine  amoQgrt  yoa  ta  Uade,  to  l^io^  wiiaie?9r  iiaeissiMies  yoa  aanj 

want,  and  sare  joa  the  trouble  of  going  so  far  yourselves  i  iii.imi« 

sequ<»ice  of  whicb,  I  hare  .brought  one  along  with  qte,.  wlv>y  709 'U 

flnd,  will  use  your  people  well  and  seU  eyerything  as,  cheap  a4(o»-^ 

iible  to  them,  wbichiSome  of  themha^e already  e^erienced,  There^ 

forei  I  hope  you  will,  on  youx  part,,beUaye  well»  and  give  oouvincuiA 

proofs  of  your  £po4  intentions  to  keep  a  good  understanding  wjj^ 

b\m  by  paying  him  always  whatever  he  may  credit  yon,  aa  yfor 

brothers  the  English  do,    U  you  have  any  just  eon^laints  agaii\8A 

bim$  or  any  others  of  the  Er^Ush  pr  French  ^ad^srs,  oc  pegp^i 

otherwise  employed  aipongsf;  you,  let  me  know,  and  joi^^u^  da^ 

pend  npon  having  justice  done  yout    Xt  is  for  thest^  purposes  that 

.  I  am  sent  here,  which  you  may  plainly  see  by  my  brii%ing  fem 

men  with  me;  and  always  depwd  that  I  shall  he  glad'toa^rre 

yo9ia  doing  justice.    In  one.  word,  by  these  belts^  I  renew  aq4 

Qpn&rm  all  the  trejatie^  and  covenauts  of  peaoe  which  for^erlj: 

Bnb^stedbetiweenyaprances^rsaod  onrs^  which  waa  lait^ly  ^ 

nf  wed  by  your  neighboring  chiefsat  Nit^gara.and  Detroit.    I  m 

iptect  you'll  hold  fast  and  often  recosd  it  in  yonir  miuda»  as  b|f  that 

means  you'll  study  yqur  interest,  and  over  g^va  aa  g^  proa^ef 

y^nr  fnendi^ip  and  gpud  a^aaning  towards  ^s^  I  alfo  reoosMn^ 

it  to  yon  to  take  care  and  use  weU  all  whjo.  have  or  mi^  oomei  ^wi 

look  npon  them  as  y^nr  friends  aad  brothexs,  as  thej^  f re  ai^'^tl 

of  His  M^esty,  and  we  form-one  body  and  blood;,  and  siacis  wft 

iwa  j^ed  by  friendship,  henceforth  we  shall  be  one.people.        ? 

Bs0iaBBs:*-^Io  eooseqnaape  of  this  and  Ibeeeveeal  treatiei  kelA 

wdtb  joa  and  your  neigiibearing  ohiafii  atKiagara,  Detmitand  Miah« 

iiiMlB»d(,thaae  stfii^are  toopanyonreyesaad  liaarts^:to  l^tlon^ 

tbelr  eaampk^'t^  briag  in  alLtheS&^iih  prisontra  who  yek  remaii 

witb  yan  or  your  pafpk,  thatlbeT'  may  faaiet^Msd  to*  m.    Tm 


ws  TOQ'lii  have  joor  Uood  widi  «»f  natioD.  Yaw  giaal  fiidMr,  die 
Kkig,  will  be  vary  angry  if  joa  doa't  aaaiiplj»  and  aead  aivumy 
a^Ha  aa  tbera  ala  tmea  in  Iha  ftHMl;  to  aompel  yaa  to  a  cooi^^ 

Hb  this  tha  FiJltt  AToinea,  (m  irbcea  land  the  fort  atan^,  an- 
awared: 

That  f  hey  were  thankful  for  the  good  speech  I  had  made  tliem, 
aa  alao  for  the  preaenta ;  and  aaid  tliey  were  yery  poor,  having loet 
three  hundred  warriora  lately  with  the  amall  pox,  and  most  of 
Aeir  chiefb  by  the  late  war  in  which  they  had  been  engaged  by 
flre  then  French  commander  he:e  against  the  Engliah. 

That  they  were  rery  glad  to  find  the  English  were  pleased  to 
pardon  them,  as  they  did  not  expect  it,  and  were  conscions  that 
fhey  did  not  merit  it ;  bnt  that  I  might  depend  they  would  adhere 
to  whatever  instmctiona  the  commanding  English  aflScers  might 
give  them,  fbr  the  fatore,  aa  they  had  always  done  with  regard  to 
flie  Frenth. 

'  They  begged  I  wonld  aend  for  a  gnn-amith  to  mend  their  gans, 
aa  they  were  poor  and  out  of  order ;  the  French,  they  aaid,  hid 
always  done  this  for  them,  and  their  neighbors  at  MiahamaliDift 
had  had  thia  favor  granted  them.  They  aaid  the  French  com- 
mandant always  gave  them  mm  as  a  true  token  of  friendship.  la 
ftgard  to  prisoners,  they  said  they  had  none  amongst  them,  nor 
aver  had ;  for  what  English  prisoners  they  had  taken  dnrlog  the 
war,  they  had  always  left  at  Montreal.  They  expressed  great 
aatiaiWction  that  the  English  traders  were  coming  among  them, 
and  aeemed  deairona  that  they  shoold  continne  to  come,  aa  diej 
found  by  Experience  thattbe  gooda  were  half  cheaper  than  when 
the  French  were  amongst  them,  and  aaid  they  wonld  nse  tbe  tra* 
4eni  well,  obIi|^  theif  yonng  nian  to-pay  their  cradita,  and  asiared 
me  they  would  willingly  partake  the  inflnenee  of  the  pore  fira  of 
Criendablp  I  bad  li^tad  for  them.  They  tfaankad  ma  for  jny  ad^ 
fiaa  in  de^ririg  tbam  hoqeatly  and  aincarely  to  apaak  thair  aaoti* 
HMtftai  which  tfaay  dwa^a\woald  da/ and  acgnaint  nv  wMi  any 


UAiah  DuAmli^t  bewMigttihMH  or  (1m  MigfUboHag  ladfam 
Kutioiia^ ai  there  were  Ave  loofe  tbel  4eytaded  on.  tliM  }ki«1 
Tbej  retnned  ihnukg  to  the  gneat  6od  for  eending  them  each  a 
diqr  fvr  Ibeir  oooncili  ^hich the/  loekad  upon  aa  aa  omeo  of  kt(< 
is^  peace  with  them. 

To  whieh  I  gaT«  the  following  anewer : 

Thai  I  woaM  write  to  CHpt  Oampbe'l,  coinmanding  at  tli# 
Detitrftyfor  a  gUB-tmith  ae  soon  aepoesihloi  and  made  no  doubt  he 
wenU  iend  one.  To  their  reqaest  for  mm,  I  told  tbem  tiiat  their 
great  iather,  King  GeorgOi  knowing  that  they  were  poor,  by  being 
eo  hsig  At  war,  had  ordered  no  mm  to  be  brought  amongst  them 
to  aell,  lest  they  should  neglect  their  clothing,  their  wires  and 
ebildren,  nntil  snch  time  as  they  might  be  clothed,  whidi  I  hoped 
wonld  be  in  a  few  years. 

The  Pnan  Ohief  retnmed  the  same  answer  with  the  rest,  with 
a  demand  for  a  gan-smitb ;  and  added,  that  he  wonld  send  the 
good  road  1  had  given  him,  meaning  the  belt,  to  the  two  other 
ehiefs  of  his  nation,  and  he  did  not  donbt  they  wonld  come  down 
Tory  soon. 

No  Indiana  came  here  till  the  29th,  when  a  party  of  Toways,^ 
who  liTed  at  Little  Detroit,  arrived.  I  apoke  to  tbem  aa  I  ha4 
done  to  tbe  rest,  and  gave  them  etringD  of  wiunpnm  for  the  retard 
of  prisoners,  and  made  thiDm  some  small  presents.  \s  they  lay 
between  this  and  Misham^ini^t:,  tiiey  promised  they  wonld  nse 
tbe  English  and  French  well  who  would  be  coming  thither.  They 
went  a  way  well  pleased. 

Jane  Stfa,  1762.— Ambassadors  i^rom  the  Sacks  and  Eeynards, 
with  a  chief  belonging  to  the  second  Puan  town,  arrived  here,  to 
whom  I  made  a  speech  to  th^  same  purpose,  and  a^so  gave  them 
each  a  belt  and  strings  of  wampnrh.  Tlieir  answer  Svas  nigh  to 
the  same  purpose  as  tbe  former,  wiih  a  demand  for  the  Englieh 
traders  to  go  to  tlieir  town^.  I  told  them  I  would  wiite  to  mj 
commander  at  Detroit,  and  await  his  answer. 

*  OMtwia  - 


u 

I  raeeiMd  a  Utier  hun  Gi^i*.  OiupMl,  dACtd  at  H^pdi  ia 
Sipteinber,  [^7^^]  ^^^bM^  A«v^r  bad  an  opportunity  of  ootfitogbe* 
Ibre  flrdta  Mishamaki&ak,  wheroifi  he  Mtid  that  it  was  against  tha 
Ctonerara  iMtractiona  to  giv«'thk  Indians  more  presentathan  were 
absolatelj  necessary  to  keep  them  in  temper,  Tbe0eordcrifliad# 
me  noeasy,  as  I  was  aesnred  IJeoald  not  k96p  ao  large  It  body  of  Jn- 
4Mtfi8  in  tamper  wAthoat.giriqg;thfimiom6Uiing,  a«  tbey  litd  al- 
wAyabaon  naad  to  larg^  preaenta  from  the  Freiieh;  and  at  the 
WM  tiiM,  if  I  did  not  gi.¥e  each  nation  the  same  I  had  gi^a^ 
tbeae  that  had  been  to  dee  m%  aU  wOnId  ba  lost  to  vm  wd  the 
aerviee*  I,  tharefi>re»  aeoli  my  interpreteri  who  could  itoqaaiafc 
Clapt.  Campbell  beat  aboa^  it|  with  letters  to  him^aad  engaged  his 
foaein  dt  his  recommendation,  who  had  joat  come  from  the  Bona, 
country,  as  interpreter.  He  behaved  yery  well  for  a  Canadian  for 
sometimei  but  I  was  convinced  soon  to  the  contrary,  as  will  appear 
ia  the  sequel 

There  ere  by  both  F^em^  and  Indian  acoountsi  89,100  Indiaa 
warriors,  besides  women  and  cbjidren,  depending  pu  this  postior 
supplies,  and  they  are  as  follows : 

Taways,  etc,         100  Little  Detroit  and  IKlwacky. 

PoUea  Avoines,      160  werriora.  Tbey  liva  at  La  Bay,  iki  twoMwna. 

Paans  150  \  "^^  ^  ^^  ^^  Poana  Lake»  ap4 

'  I     over  against  Louistonstant. 

j  Above  Louistonstant,  in  ye.  gov* 
{     emment  of  Louisiana. 


fMm,  3£0 


Beynarda,  860  On  the  River  Reynard. 

Avoys,(Iowayst)  8,000  On  each  side  Mississippi. 

fL^nm  5U1  ADD  J  ^^  ^^^  ®^^®  Mississippi,  near  800 

oam,  o¥i^i¥¥  I     leagues  off. 

Total,         89,100 

I  had  an  answer  from  Capt.  Campbell  as  soon  as  qould  be  ezpect- 
^,  in  which  he.wes  pleased  ^  signify  his  being  satisfied  that  I 
l^d  done  all  ia  my  power  for  the  benefit  of  his  Majf^sty's  service^ 
fie  said  he  had  written  to  the  Q^peral,  end  bad  Jet  him  know  that 
the  number  of  Indians  at  my  post  was  great,  and  hoped  to  know 
Ms  £xciillency*8  orders  to  enable  him  to  supply  them  ^((^  irJhAt 


33 

would  make  them  easy ;  at  the  Bame  time  desiring  I  sronld  oontiaue 
to  keep  them  io  as  good  humor  as  popsible,  cousistently  with  fru- 
galitjp  He  also  sent  ^200  lbs  of  tobacco  for  them.  Lieut  Leslie 
sent  me  100  lbs,  which  I  made  the  most  of  by  giving  it  very  spar-  . 
inglj,  as  the  traders  who  come  to  thia  placu  bring  yerj  little  of 
that  article. 

Jnne  34th. — ^Ambassadors  from  the  Chippewas,  a  nation  de- 
pendent on  Mishamakinak,  came  to  negotiate  the  adjustment  of 
a  qnarrel  with  the  Folles  Avoines  rcepectiog  a  man  killed  at  Mish- 
amakinaky  belonging  to  the  latter  tribe.  They  brought  a  let- 
ter ff^m  Lient.  Leslie,  commanding  at  Mishamakinak,  in  which 
be  warmly  recommended  it  to  me  to  assist  the  Chippewas  in  that 
negotiation,  as  it  would  be  very  prejudicial  to  the  trade  and  com- 
manieation  between  the  posts  if  any  such  quarrels  should  take 
place ;  for  which  purpose,  I  called  the  chiefs  belonging  to  the 
poet  together,  and  was  under  the  necessity  of  giving  them  a  few 
ftinall  presents. 

June  25th.~Mr.  Thomas  Hutchins,*  now  Ensign,  came,  with 
Mr.  George  Croglian's  instructions  to  enquire  after  Indian  affairs. 
It  being  Captain  Campbeirs  orders  to  me  to  assist  him,  I  called 
-what  Indian  chiefs  were  then  thore,  consisting  of  the  Folles  Avoi- 
nes, Sacks  and  Reynards.  When  he  had  let  them  know  his  bnsi- 
aess,  they  immediately  demanded  of  him  colors  and  commissions, 
sach  as  the  French  saperintendents  used  to  give  them ;  to  which 
be  replied,  that  he  would  report  of  it  to  the  superintendents  who 
•ent  him. 


*  This  eKrlj  ABglo-Aincricao  mitor  to  Wiaoowiii  was  t  native  of  Kew  Jersqr*  In 
1763— '64,  he  aerved  under  CoL  Bouquet  at  Fort  Pitt,  and  fiab8e<]nenlljr  in  Weat  Flori* 
da.  He  was  in  England  at  the  commencement  of  the  KeTolution,  where  hia  zeal  for  hia 
natiTelaad  caneed  fatn)  to  reftiee  temptiog  oflfera,  and  finally  led  to  bis  im prison oiient, 
aod  the  Io«  of  twelve  thousand  pounda  in  a  single  day.  When  liberated,  he  went  to 
France,  and  thence  to  Charleston,  «here  he  joined  the  army  under  Gen.  Oreeoa.  Ho 
was  aoon  appointed  Oeographor  Genqral  of  th^  United  States^  and,  died  in  thai  aertio* 
at  Pittsburgh,  in  April,  I7b9,  He  was  remarkable  for  bis  piety,  chari^  and  beoero- 
lanes;  and  waa  the  author  of  two  descriptiTe  works,  one  on  PennwylTania,  MaijlmiA 
YlifiBiaMid  North  Carolina,  and  the  other  on  Louisiana  and  West  Florida. 
6 


JqIj  12tfa. — A  Rejnard  came  who  said  he  was  a  chief,  and  de- 
manded leave  to  buy  seven  barrels  of  powder,  presenting  me  with 
a  large  belt  of  wampum.  Having  reason  to  suspect  his  intentions, 
I  refhsed  to' allow  him  to  buy  any  more  than  would  serve  him  t6 
hunt,  until  I  should  have  a  council  with  his  chiefs,  and  I  gave  him 
a  belt,  desiring  his  king  might  come  to  me  very  soon. 

Aug,  6th. — ^Three  Puan  chiefs,  with  four  ambasf^adore  from. the 
Avoy  nation,  came.  I  made  the  same  speech  to  tnem  ag  to  the 
rest  The  chief  of  the  tbird  town  of  the  Pnans  brought  me  a  large 
belt,  confirming  what  both  the  others  had  said  before,  telling  me 
that  be  had  seen  the  belts  I  had  sent,  and  that  he  had  never  been 
at  war  with  the  English,  nor  could  the  French  commander 
pursuadehim  to  it.  He  brought  the  other  chiefs  to  confirm  what 
he  said,  as  be  never  knew  any  harm  the  Er^glish  had  done  him. 
He  made  the  same  den)pnd  for  traders,  with  the  aame  promiaes  of 
protection  for  them,  and  also  asked  for  a  gun-smitli,  and  rum.  The 
Avoys  then  spoke,  and  said  they  had  come  very  far,  and  breoght 
no  belts,  as  they  had  come  to  see  if  I  would  shuke  bands  and  for- 
give them,  as  I  had  done  the  rest.  I  gave  t^em  belts  and  strings 
of  wampum  fur  the  return  of  prisoners.  They  said  their  king 
would  come  in  the  spring  and  see  me. 

Aug.  13th. — The  £ing  of  the  Sack  Nation  came,  to  whom 
I  made  a  speech  of  the  same  purport  as  to  the  rest,  and  his 
anawer  was  nigh  the  same ;  that  he  had  seen  the  good  road  I  bad 
given  his  brothers,  but  as  be  understood  I  would  not  let  any  Engi» 
lish  come  amongst  them  till  he  came  to  see  me,  he  had  left  home 
in  company  with  250  of  his  warriors  to  wait  on  me  and  know  my 
commands,  and  also  to  get  English  traders ;  but  as  the  news  came 
iiflter  him  that  the  town  was  threatened  with  an  invasion  by  the 
Ible  Anoix*  Indifins,  he  had  to  send  his  warriors  back  to  guard  the 


*  FHote^ly  flie  IllHtvU  Inclim&  Ilfnms,  iiccordiD|r  to  f^«Hberlf«rque(!«,  mei&tniM 
Mbfi.'*  aft  If  ofber  Indiats  coirparcd  yfUh  ih<m  wipre  more  berate  It  i«  roisible.  thai 
the  f Mlumft  aUuded  tto  by  Lieut.  Goirel),  belocg^d  on  aoli^e  Jtte  diusc  h'oix  or  \^  alanl 


as 

iwomen  aod  childrto.  As  I  had  nofr  giviena  goad  road,  h^  inBd4 
take  care  to  keep  it  open  and  c'ear,  and  if  any  t'ees  siyiiild  apiMK 
op  to  obstrnct  the  waj,  lie  would  not  only  beat  .tbem  dowa,  but 
tear  them  np  b j  the  roots.  He.  brought  with  him  a  pair  of  FreiM^ 
colors,  flying  on  board  bis  eanoe,  and  ej^oused  hiniseH  by  faying 
he  knew  no  differencOi  an4  hoped  I  would  give  himSqglieh  cc^% 
which  I  did,  and  h^  burnt  the  French  ones,  X  also  g^f e  Mnpi  \fL 
belt  of  wampum  and  other  presents.  He  was  the  only  Indii^L 
that  disapproved  of  rum  being  given  to  the  Indians.  He.  ha4 
never  seen  an  English  officer  before.  He  showed  me  a  compiiB- 
aion  signed  by  the  French  super^tendeni,  giving  him  cominand  of 
the  whole  nation.  I  sent  a  copy  of  it  to  Oapt. '  Campbell^  aud 
promised  the  Indian,  at  the  same  time,  tiiat  he  should  have  one 
irom  Ae  English.  1 

Au^.  2l8t.-^A  party  of  Indians  came  from  MUwacky,*  and  fle- 
mauded  credit,  whfch  was  refusecl,  as  » they  properly  belong- 
ed lo  Mishamakipak.  They  also,  made  great  complaint  of  the 
trader  amongst  tlient)  hu^  as  he  pa^ie  from  MidhamakiAak^  anfl 
did  not  touch  at  thi^place,  I  desired  them  to  go  there  and  maik^ 
their  com.plaint|  and  they  Wv^uld  be  redressed.  Th^y  promised,  to 
come  to  .this  place  to  trade  in  the  spring.;  I  made  th^m  a  smaU 


*  This  m  the  eiili^  notice*  it  is  bslisred,  of  MUwcfukm,  suit  iodicstts  Uisi  it  vip 
thes.  1763,  quite  as  lod^n  towD,  with  an  English  trader  residing,  there.  Col.  Aret4 
Schojier  De  Pejater,  who  commancM  the  Diitifih  poet  of  MichlllimackiDac  from  1774 
tfllffceMtsimi  of  17t§,  liiu  left  s  Tb]4ime  of-M^lIanfieS,  ib  Which  he  haii  Yeconfedlbi 
siirtsiiqe  of  flspseofa  kedslifersd^toithB  ladisis  st  tbsOtt«iral(mnD>of  L'ifrbrtCmlH 
4^11  the  shocesof  Lake  Ificbigaii,  some-distance  west  of  ths  fctft  at  MlchilUmatkii^a^  ob  tjff 
4th 4>f  JqI/,  1779 ;  in  which. he  speaks  of  '*  thoae  ruoegatos  of  Milwskie~s  horrid  sot  of 
refimetsrj  Indians.**  In  the  same  spc^h»  in  another  connection,  he  alludes  to"  IFm- 
4i^^^p$»§oe$,  s  sensible  <4ii  eirfef  Htkhe  hesd  of  s  ^frsotory  tribe^'—prohsblj  ihV  Iffli 
wankesband,  who  seem  not  to  hare  been  sahserriept  to  British  t^W  dtirtog  the  AttWll* 
ctn  Revolution.  According  to  a  statement  dictated  bj  sevenil  Sac  and  Fox.  chisft^ 
Jippcnded  to  Dr.ltor8e*s  Report  of  his  Incfian  Tour  in  ISSO,  J/t/-iodA-)Ke  was  settled  bj 
Arflbfli' Rid  r«ite^  snd  th«fisntosfaklsrfvidtrote'jraiMMMbSA-i<#  ft^^akll  "Tk 
$Mb  simriy Ma»mr^  6orrsUof  |h^*IiKl|k»|iftti«^4e|»ciidsii(oaJ^Bs7»iM«^^ 
llUvittl^  ••  Wx»ff  tb^n  Mf^ie^l^  )^T,/' QU»v^  «to.*<  ^ 


Ipiateni^.aiid  told  tbon  i£  thej  did^  they  sLo^kl  be  well  ttoatod 
^Mid' not  imposed  cm. 

Aug.  ^5th.— The  king  of  the  Reynards  came,  to  whom  I  made 
*tfae  feame  speech  as  to  the  rest.  He  answered  to  the  same  pur- 
^(»e  with  the  king  of  the  Sacks,  hut  he  let  me  know  that  he  had 
'touted  those  had  men  who  demanded  the  seven  harrels  of  pow- 
der;  and  promised  protection  to  all  traders  that  came  amongst 
Ws  "people.  I  made  hini  a  present  of  a  stand  of  colors  and  other 
^things. 

.,  Sept.  Ist, — The  chiefs  of  the  Folles  Avoines.cameand  demanded 
credit  fur  their  young  men,  which  the  traders  here  granted,  on  the 
chiefs  giving  their  word  for  payiiaent  in  the  spring. 

From  this  to  March  Ist,  1768,  nothing  remarkable  bappeoad, 
except  the  arrival  of  several  English  and  French  traders,  some  of 
whom  went  up  the  country,  and  most  sent  up  the  largest  part  of 
ifaeir  g  <ods.  Several  Indians  of  the  nation  belonging  to  this  place, 
came  in  at  different  times  during  the  winter  for  necessaries.  Thid 
day  twelve  warriors  of  the  Sous  came  here ;  this  nation's  number 
1  have  before  given.  It  is  certainly  tiie  greatest  nation  of  Indians 
ever  yet  found.  Not  above  two  thousand  of  them  were  ever 
krmed  with  fire-arms,  the  rest  depending  entirely  on  bows  and 
arrows  and  darts,  which  they  use  with  more  skill  than  any  otiier 
Indian  nation  in  North  America,  They  can  shoot  the  wil Jestand 
Jargest  beasts  in  the,w^od8,-at  seventy  or  one  hundred  yards  dis- 
tance. They  are  remarkable  fer  their  dancing (  the  other  natioiia 
tdte  the  i^sfakm  from  them.  It  ki«aid  Hiey  k^ep  r^;Blar  goarda 
In  their  chief  town  or  metropolis,  relieving  once  in  twenty-four 
tours,  and  are  always  alert.  They  proffered  me  the  command  of 
tjbLeirw^rri.or$,beiDg  SO5OQQ,  iuBuiiiber,  tokfliQp  dear  tl^e  road  I 
had  opened  for  them. 

'',T6.ifl  Ration  Is  al way3  at  war  with  the  Chippewas,  those  who  de- 
«tiojed.  \Mi9haBiakiAAk*.  Xbi'y  told7»e  with  wiaritttb,  that  if  ever 
4M<6lii|ftpkw<B0;  tff  «ny  letbcir  Indta^s^  wished  to  obetruct  the  pto- 
eage  of  the  traders  comii)g  up,  to  send"  them  a  belt,  and  they 


m 

imMiliooma  and  iml.ih^ixl  off  from  fshe  iaoe  •£  Ike  fvrtii,  a#Artll 
lBd£iQ»  ir«fe  tboir  siaves^or  <iogf.  I  'told  tiiem  I  waa^gWito^  0M^ 
tbeoi,  and  hoped  to  have  a  laatingpedoe  vitk  them,  etx^^tdUeaiiv/ 
log rhesanie apeech  I  had  madd. to  tkeotber ladiaDS. ;  Uaj  thMH 
ga^v  me  a  Utter  wrote  in  Frenoh,  aad  iwo  belto  of  irampbia^Ava^' 
thair  king,  in  which  he  expraseed  great  J07  eA  haa):>iog  *«C  thaw^ 
boing £DgliBh  at  this  post,  rndgreat deaira  at  praking paaee^wttht 
t]»^m>  and  havinig  E^gliab  trader^..  The  latter^  trai  vrittttiHyM 
Fswfih  tcader  whoml  ba4  (i^lowed  to.  go  amongl  .tbam  UataMl^i 
with  afprwiise  of  his  b^harilig  w^U,  wbkh  he;  did>i)etimr(thto«iif> 
Gaaadiaii  I  ayer  knaw^  Theiy  saifl  thay  found  the  road  iteif  kmA^ 
and  Fwld  barei  tarned  back  bvit  fpi!  meeting  ^  ohief  ^  of  IhotVo^ail 
Avoinea  who  prevailed  on  them  to  6ome ;  bat  aft.  tbey  Ijad  iusm 
got  a  good.read,  thej  eeuld  travel  on  it  withont  imr,  andhepeSti^ 
aomaagi^ifii  in  the  ap?ing.wl^'theii?  king^  ^  >  *  [  !<  rr 

» With  TegB;tiftQ  ttaderi^*  I  tdd  iHAm  I  dwM  ntft  kllOw  aiiy^  a? 
go  amongst tham^'  ad  I  than  imderslood  theySay  onlof  the  goV^mi' 
ment  of  Canada,  but  made  no  doubt  they  would  have  traders  from 
liiaaiaaippT  in  the  Spring.  They  wewl  away^  on  the  fed,  Vxtrein^ly  • 
wen  pleaaed.  What  "whb  reiuatkable,  when  they  went '  ^0  ^giW 
danceato  the  people,  agreeably  to  ttie*  Ittdiao  Cfnstom,  tHey  begaii^ 
with  ibm  soldiers  sajing,  they  -^^ere  t)^'  peoplei  wMo  shouId'Halie  the' 

moabhonor  paid  them,  as  they  JSwight  for  It ;  bnt  being  Wd  1  was* 
a^aoUIbr  as  well  as  0(»nmander,the  chief  said  he  regarded  ine^ 
donbly.  .        ^ 

March  25th. — ^Read  letters  from.  Mr.  Jiottridge,  who  Unjed /fill 
this  winter,  in  the  trading  way,  T>p  the  river  ijirith  the  Jndjf^i|^j| 
that  he  understood  one  Goddard,  a  trader  fromMpptreal,  sent  or^ 
ders  to  his  clerk,  a  GanadiaO}  who  lay  at  the  same  plf  oe  with  Mr«^ 
Lottridge,  to  send  word  to  the  Milwaeky  Indians^'and  d^ai^fe  themi 
not  to  come  here,  but  stay  M  home^  ai^d  he  would  send  g^ed^  (0| 
them  in  the  spring,  the.  contrary  to  what  he  told,them  last  faU- ■ 

Several  Indians  came  from  this  to  the  ISih  May,  when  aioK^f) 
ttie  whole  nation  came  together  from  their  hunting.    On  the  18th, 


lilRMdQffaRweilttiataome.j'ooiigiiieii  had  tbi^ailentd  touattttefctl^' 
f<irt|aiid Mt!  tbera  weore  sotne.Tiways  beve^rdidnoidoiibt  buttkey^ 
iVMUibvlptbem,  upon  which  I  called  it^gether  the  diWft 'oi  both 
jmthB^^d  told,  them  what  I  ,bad  b«ard  of  their  deaign.  Th^ 
T^wf|]^8  deolorad  they  knew  nothiDg  of  it^whieh  I  belt0remi»>' 
toae,'  Tbe  SloUes  Avaiiio&'  cUefe  said,  if  a«y thing  made  their 
jMog-meiK  aneiUtj^  it  wason  aoooattl  of  the  colors  and  medala' 
Mr.  fioftdiiira  bad^  promieed.  There  w<eren<j«e  of  the  old  chiellk> 
IuMmI  al^lie  timid,  bnt  a  few^diiy s'  later  Ihey  eome  ia.  I  held  ceim- 
ei^  wtlbi  tbeifeiyand  in  it^  hf  a  belt' attd  tome  string  off  wampiiniy 
J^tmto^mi  bll  tonAet  treaties;  Ttesy  ail'^eeHl^  well  pleased;  0BHy 
tbe;f  itmted  the  promised  coloi^  and  me^lJa.  Tbe  chiefs  wet^- 
flsndi  displeased  at  the  Carroy's  gdttiiftg  a  present  from  Mr.  God<^ 
terft^f  a.  fiAe  aait  of  embroldordd  dotheer.  This  Oarroy  wM^ 
much  thought  of  by  the  Frettch.  I  changed  my  interprettr'thc^' 
^hrinst^  and  eiiip%ed  tbe  EcigliA  Iad;of  Mr,  Moran^  abdiye 
meotioae^ j  At  which  the  Ifadiana  weve;geMralIy  pleased. 

„  JuQ^  14th^  1768.<--^Tbo  tra^ert  eaiil«  dowri'fnam  the  Bade  cosall*^ 
tl7,  ai^d  confirmed  the  DAWS  of  Landaing  and  his  abn  being  liriltad 
by  theFreiK^h.  Th^re  came  with  ibfateaderB  some  Poaas,  and) 
foor  ypnog^m^D  with  one  ehi^  of  the  Avoy  nation,  to  demand 
tradenB  K>.go  amongst  them.  Th^  promised  that  tora  haadrad^ 
i^id  fifty  other  mieo  wonld  be  down  ia  Aagiist  to  trade-.  I  gttwm 
ihem  presents. 

AfereeiiMy  to  Capt.  CkmpbeH's  letter  last  fall,  wherein  he  told 
mm  that  he  had  either  lost  or  mislaid  my  last  yearns  account,  and' 
abb  {from  Maj.  Gladwin  at  the  stime  time,  I  had  made  np  my  ac- 
cetint'butKfar  last  year  and  thi6  separately ;  one  for  Capt.  0.  dor- 
ibghis  command,  the  other  ibr  the  Major's  time  ;  and  had  given 
them  to  Mr.  Moran,  a  tradier  going  to  Detroit,  whb  was  this  morn- 
ing, Jtme  15th,  to  set  but,  when  abont  nine  o'clock  came  ten 
Taways  and  Frenchmen,  and  bronght  the  following  instmctiona 
fit»ti  Gspt  Etherington : 


39 

'^  3i(i8haii^akinak^  Jane  lUh|  1763. 
«^I>EAB  Sm:  C 

^Thi8  place  was  taken  hj  sarprise  on  tbe  fonrth  instant,  by  t)ie' 

Ghippewas,  at  which  time  Lient  Jamet  and  twenty  more  were 

killed,  and  all  the  rest  taken  prisoners ;  bat  onr  gobd  flriends  the 

OttEwaebattetAkeaLienl  Lesley,  me,  and  elevep  men  out  of 

their  hands,  and  have  promised  ta  reinstate    ns  agafai.     T^titl' 

iherefWet,  on.tbajrecei|kl  0f  this,  wlilch  I  send  by  a  canoe  of  Ottar 

was^  set  oa>  wiAh  b\\  your  gar]?ison  aiid  wkat  English  ts«4^a  yen 

have  wit^  yon^  JU3d  come  wit|i  the  Indian  who-givesiyaa  tbi^whpi 

HjljLiCpndact  yon  safe  to  me^    Ton  mustbe.^iire  tQ  Mhw  t^  i^r^ 

atirqetionp^  yon  rcceiye  from,  tbe  bearer  of  this,  asypu  ar^l^  11% 

mesans  to  comp  to  thia  post  before  yon  se^  me  a(  tbe  village  •  ti^^nyf 

tj.  milea  from  tbia.    Leftve  tb^  Frspc^i  clerks  wit^  tlnir  mssti^irif) 

good9,a3  thi^CbippewMbaye  off«dredno  violepce  to^ny  F^^h^ 

man. 

"Bring  with  yon  what  provisions  you  can.    Tour  battean  will 

bring  yon  and  yonr  garrison,  and  the  merchants  can  come  in  a 

<^IM9.    Tell  tbe  aari^to  that  yom  are  obligpsd  to  coriie  here  to 

Open  Uie  road  which  the  Ohippewas  haveahninp,  that  the  nievt' 

chants  ma;  have  leave  to  come  to  them,  and  the  beoctrof  thie.witt.* 

ai^^he  fmo0  speech  to  the  Indians.    If  th^re  are  -any  Eoglkh 

tiM^ders  tik^t  ace  not  at  yo\it  post,  ycMi  mnst  not: wait  for  them, ,  bat 

f^^naaiend  them  to  theciireof  the  Indiana  till  yoa  come  baek| 

igj^ich  will  be  very  soon;  aod  if  yonifind  it  absolately  neeeasary, 

jpo.  mty  make  them  some  preaenta.    I  otinat  once  more.beg  jbn?tt 

leee  9^  tjime  in  jcoming  to  join  me ;  at  the  same  tim%  be  v^ryioamf 

pgi^  apd  always  be,  m  jo9^  gnard.    I  long  muoh  to  see  yo%  taA 

am,  dear  sir, 

"  Tow  most  bramble  sarv't,   . 

GEO.EIHEaiNaiON. 

"  Reyal  Americas*'' 

^Tbll  the  tradei«  to  bring  what  ptoyisione  they  can  with  them, 
aartl  be  aura  te  baring  all  yonr  amnnition ;  and  reeoinmead  iheear^ 


40 

of  the  fort  to  the  Indian  chief,  that  jt  maj  not  be  burnt  before 
your  ref'urn.    Let  no  person  know  b  at  that  you  are  to  come^traighi^ 
to  the  fort,  as  the  knowledge  of  oar  deaign  might  be  attended  wiih 
bfl^d  conaequences. 

The  Bame  day  and  <kta,  receivad  the  fbUoiiriDg  from  the  same,' 
by  aacie  bearer:  i- 

'^MidhiUimaekiaac,  Jnne  11th,  1768.    : 

'  **'Ifear  Sir : — I  forgot  to  tell  you  before  I  sealed  the  letter  I  jnat 
no\r  wrote  you,  that  if  the  Indians  I  send  you  should  want  any-' 
belts  to  speak  upon,  you  will  give  them  what  they  want,  and  like-' 
wise  gtre  each  of  them  a  shirt  to  encourage  them.  In  the  other 
tetter  I  wrote  you,  I  said  my  letter  would  be  given  you  by  an  In- 
dian, but  as  the  Frenchman  that  I  sent  with  him  has  a  little  box, 
I  gave  the  letter  to  him.    Please  lose  no  time  in  coming  to  me, 

and  beliere  me, 

"  Tour  most  obedient  seryant, 

"GEO.  ETHEEINGTON." 

Agreeably  to  these  6rdei8,  I  gare  Idie  ten  young  OttifWM 
elothee,  and  also,  fii^e  belts  of  wampum  to  speak  for  the  Ebgiiab, 
or  rather  for  themselves. 

I  called  the  FoUes  Avoines  chiefs  together,  and  all  their  young 
flien,  and  informed  them,  with  a  belt,  of  their  bh>ther  Oapt 
£tHBRnfr0TO(N'e  distress,  (giving  them  large  pi^sents,)  and  asicacl 
their  counsel  and  assistance;  whereupon  they  called  their 
#liole  town  together,  and  all  unanimonsly  agreed  to  come  along 
witii  me,  and  sent  several  of  their  youQgmen  to  the  lower  town 
to  ^isfpatch]  them  on  their  march.  The  seven  young  men  I  also 
clothed. 

June  17th. — I  made  every  thit)g  ready  to  set  off  with  the  gar- 
rison and  all  the  English  traders,  but  contrary  winds  prevailed. 

June  18th. — About  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  arrived ■■ 

chiefs  of  the  Sacks,  Beynards,  and  Puans,  who  said  their  young 
men  were  coming,  and  desired  me  not  to  trust  myself  and  ^rrieon 
with  the  Taways,  as  they  had  se^n.the  be^ts,  and  they  w£re  not 


sincere  ;  thej  desire^  mp  tO;  stay  ,|br  them,  which  I  <iid  .tiU^the, 
19tli,  when  thej  amved,  and  with  them  came  one  Psnnen8HA«,t— 
This  Pennensha  is  the  same  man  who  wrote  the  letter  the  Sops 
bronght  with  them  in  March,'  and  at  the  same  time  held  council 
yHih  that  great  nation  in  favor  of  the  English,  by  which  he  much 
promoted  the  interest  of  the  latter,  m' appeared'  hy  the  behavior 
of  the  SoHg  thereafter.  He  br6ught  with  him  a  pipe  from  the"^ 
Sons,  importing  that  after  their  ambassadors  or  chiefs  returned, 
they  had  called  a  council  of  most  of  the  warriors,  in  which  it  was 
agreed  to  send  the  following  speech  to  the  Indians  depending 
on  the-  Baye, — that  I  had '^received  a  belt  from  them,  with  d 
road  plain  and  easy  to  be  found ;  they  therefore  dosifcd,  that  as, 
the  road  is  now  clear,  they  would  by  no  means  allow  the  ^ippe- 
waa  to  obstruct  it,  or  to  give  the  English  any  disturbance,  or  pre-' 
▼ent  the  traders  from  coming  np  to  theiln.    If  they  did  so,  tUey 

would  send  all  their  warriors  and  cut  them  off.  '        ' 

-        ■  ,     '  ■  ''  i 

This  speech  had  its  desired  effect,  aa  it  changed  the  minds, of 
the  Ottawas  very  much,  and  settled  those  of  the  rest  in  favor  of 
tiie  English  interest,  who  came  with  Pennensha,  very  happily  for 
us.  When  all  the  young  men  of  those  nations  had  arrived,  they 
told  me  all  their  nation  was  in  tears  for  the  loss  of  two  English 
traders  who  were  killed  by  the  French  in  their  lands,  and  begged' 
leftTo  of  me  to  cut  liian  all  in  pieces.  They  seemed  well  pleased 
that  I  had  got  an  English  interpreter,  as  they  could  tell  me  thei]^ 
mind  more  plainly  than  by  a  Preiichman.  I  called  a  councif  of 
the  Four  Nations,  to  whom  I  gave  large  presents ;  and  to  th\s  tbrdb* 
list  nations,  teaeh  a  belt.  I  aUo  made  a  spaech'  to  &em  in  the 
iHMt  znaniier  I  oonld,  iaforaiing  them  of  Oapt  BTBsaoiGnov's  Sfs^ 
4M88,  and  that  I  was  going  to  relieve  him  if  posntle,  aad  r^nhp 
t0  them  again  after  we  had  citored  the  road;  and  that  I  bopedt/ 
as  they  had  always  riiown  themselves  brotiiers,  they  would  g<9 
aloag>w3tii  me,  a^d  assists  in  that  good  work.  I  was  going  to  tiy* 
to  reinstate  their  brothers  and  ttine,  iso  that  ikey  -might  be  sup<f 
plied  with  goods  for  their  wives  atd  bhildnsn.  Upon  thisy  the  oM' 
Sack  chief,  whg.was  wjth  ^^^e.last  summer,  and  brought  the  French 
« 


colon  as  before  mentioned,  addreesed  the  reet  of  the  ehiefa  as  fol- 
lows: 

That  he  wrs  verj  sorry  for  the  distress  of  his  brother,  the  Eng- 
lish chief  at  MiBhamakinak,  and.  hoped  they'd  open  their  ejea  and 
be  strong  and  of  good  courage  to  let  their  new  [British]  Fatbei^ 
know  how  thej  had  his  interest  at  heart,  and  not  to  beliere  all  ths^ . 
bad  things  the  French  had  told  them  last  winter.  He  then  adTiaedi 
the  other  Indians  to  follow  his  example  and  show  the  English- how. 
mnch  tbej  had  their  interest  at  heart    He  oonld,  he  said,  give  no 
greater  proof  of  this,  than  by  giving  himself  and  taking  hisyonng; 
men  with  him,  and  he  hoped  they  wonld  do  the  same.    He  said, 
he  knew  that  their  new  Father  wonld  have  pity  on  them,  and  send , 
np  traders. 

Ibey  all  agreed  with  this,  and  said  they  wer^  glad  they.eoold 
now  show  the  English  how  mnoh  they  loved  tiiem,  and  that  I 
should  find  they  would  keep  their  promise  of  the  year  before. 

By  request  of  the  Four  Nations^  I  sent  off  the  ten  Ottawas,  to; 
inform  Capt.  Ethbrinoton  I  was  coming.  They  promised  to  meeK 
me  at  the  Fishing  Place  at  the  Pilote-Traveree. 

June,  20th. — ^The  Indians  busied  in.  gumming  their  canoes,  ai^d, 
getting  ready. 

June  3Ut-*I  set  out,  [aecompanied  by]  part  of  the  Four  N%- 
iions,  viz :  the  FoUes  Avoines,  Sacks,  Puans,  and  Beynards,  SiiJh 
td  about  fifteen  leagues  to  the  Lower  FvIIes  4-voines'  town-^^^n 
eafuped* 

June  fi2d-^et  on4|,  and  arrived  about  tea  o'clock  at  the  noatih^ 
ef  the  riveir,  on  which  the  Tillage  stands.  Went  on  shore;  walkv 
ed  np-ito  the  town,  and  was  sidnted  by  the  firing  ofi  gn&s  by  abeafe 
fil^  warrioTB  of  that  tows,  who  di8chan2:ed  their  guns  thiM  timesy 
Galled  a  conndl  and  spoke  to  them  in  the  same  manner  as  I  did  tsi 
the  ethers,  and  gave  them  large  presents,  They  sent  two  diidk 
with  twenty  warriors  with  me.  Contrary  winds  obliged  na  ta 
fllay  all  next  day,  being  the  24th. 

'  June  36Ui.*-Set  out  escorted  by  ninety  warriors  exclusive  of 


t^likdeDelro(t,irh6r»ap4i^t7  of  the  CNltowas  li<red,  to  whom  I> 
gave  pfMeBii,  anA  someiBtriDga  of  wamiyiiim,  whieh  pleaaetfthain.^ 
They  sent  six  youDg  men  more  with  me. 

JaoeSiRh.— OosBcd  theBay  agdb,  and  encamped  on  a  little 
ialand; 

Jane  27th. — Went  about  ten  leagues ;  encamped  at  the  month 
of  the  rfver,  called  the  Fishing  Place. 

June  28th.--7^Went.to  the  Obippewas'  fishing,  place,  Here  th^ 
Indiana  wlio  were  with  na  appre^eiiding  tbey  mig|it  meet  wi% 
die  Chippewasy  who  might  be  there  to  waylay  na,  aent  ashore  for- 
ty warriors  to  reconnoitre  the  woods  before  we  landed,  which  they 
noelly  did  dttring  our  joiirhey,  iantf  alwa^  made  as  encamp  iii  the 
center.  Tkaf  King  of*  the  Sacks  ahrays  went  in  the  battean  •wfft' 
me,  and  wonid  always  lay  in  the  tent— so  great  was  their  cikre.^— 
We  waited  ftr  the  retnrt  of  the  Ottawas'canoea,  as  they  ha* 
prodnsed  te  meet  ba  here  ns  was  b^^M-etnentioned,''  but  they  dlil 
ttoticome.  •     .         ..  V    . 

June  29th.— Bet  out  and  came  to  Isle  Castor..  Here  we  were 
alarmed  with  great  smoke  rising  in  the  Lie,  in  different  places, 
and  at  deferent  times,  while  we  were  erosshig  the  ThlVerse ;  and 
aathe  Ottawas  bad  not  inet  ns  accord?ng-to  promiae,'  onr  Indiana 
ntfsfrasted  their^incerity:  When  we  came  near  to  the  Island,  otir 
hidOms  halted;  and  made  all  preparation  imaginable  for  an  action. 
Thisy  obifged the  English  canoe  to  go  in  the  center;  the  Fdllea 
AVohies  went  foremost,  stripped  ready  for  a($tidn.  We  went  abonfc 
hatf 'a  league,  when  turning  a  point,  we  saw  three  or  four  Indiana 
cn^khe  ahbre^  naked,*  with  Kghtedpipet,  who  cidTed  in  the  Ottawa 
tMgne  for  ita to  come  ashore;  whi6h  oar  Indians  did,  perceiving 
tliemto  be  tiie  Ottawas  who  wcte  to  have  met  as  yesterday^ 
XKey  bronghtme  a  letter  from  Oapt.  EirsdicBiKGTOF,  which,  after 
passing  die  pipe,  they' delivered.    It  was  asfullows: 

'^  Ottawa  YiLLAos,  June  S8tb,  1763. 
«<  DsaeSib:— Yoai'a  I  received  this  morning,  and  am  glad  to 


l^t^rjronVe^^oaiiDg.    Agreeably  (to>y<mr  detiaeii  l)l»$ye  swfc  tfc# 

d^noe.of  OltawiM  to  eonibiet  jou  to'  \lm  plafMS  ^^^  l^^^P  ^^^  1^- 
IkiglieK y«a  have  togetibyer.  Ibope  t^see  yoE  fM>9^  aod  mhi: 
dear  Sir, 

^ "  Your  most  obedient  aod  humble  seirvant, 

"GEO.  ETHERINGTOir.'' 

N.  B.—iOn  the  other  side  was.wrot^,  viz:  "The  Soutona*  or 
Ohippewas  continne  their  miechiefl  They  have  plundered  all  the 
canoes  thej  have  met  with  since  I  wrote  jon  last,  and  are  now 
encamped  on  the  great  island  near  the  fort,  to  which  place  thej 
all  repaired  on  tbe  appearance  of  a  canoe. 

'*•  Lt,  tt.  QoBBELL,  Roy.  Americans.'*  6.  E.^ 

.  We  lodged  oa  this  ialaud  thie  evening ;  during  whieh  daioea 
cai&e  from  Misb^makinak  ^ith  Indians.  Tfaey  had.bfen  ploa-. 
denng  there  as  our  Indians  apprehended.  .  Upon  their  arriyalyt 
oue'of  our  Indian  cbiefe,  who  had  a  relation,  killed  l|tflt  saip^mw 
by  the  Chippewas,  and  thinking  those  Indiana  or  30iue  of  theiiii. 
were  Chippewas,  went  with  tomahawk  and  knife  to  their  canoe,  t^ 
kill  them  ;  b^t  found  np  Ohippewas  nor  plunder,  as  they  had  hid 
the  latter  on  an  island  apt  far  off. 

J;une  30th.— I  set  out^nd  ar^riyed  a^  th^  Indian  yiUagpe  wh^re, 
Oapt  JSTBii;smGax)ir  wa^^  about  thirty  miles  aboyeMi^hamakioakf; 
Thq  Ottaw^as  received  me  w;ith  great. joy,  by  the  finng  of  seTei^ 
guns,  three  tim.es  each.  They  also  p^e^finted  us  with  nine  pipei^ 
of.  peace.  It  was  on  our  arrival  here,  t)iat  we.expeoted.tobave^quf' 
alliec^'  sinc^ity  tried,  as  we  heard  it  reported  last  night  that,  om 
our  arrival;  our  arms  would  be. taken  from  U3,  and  we  would  be* 
come  prisoneirs,  like  Oapt  ^hbwj^^QToh  and  hia.pftrty,  I  told  mj. 
Indians  of  it,  ,at  the  same  time  letting  them  know  that  none  of  mj 
party  should  give^np  their  armadas  this  was  their fiixed  resolution. 
The  ludians  all  said  they  would  stajid  by  us.  How/^ver,  on  ojxt- 
arrival,  no  attempt  of  the  kind  waa.n^iiie,,  nor  did  they  e^er  look; 
on  me  or  my  party  as  prisoners — but  to  the  contrary. 


♦  Santearq,  probablj. 


J«1y  Ist-^Kolliiiigofeonfleqilienoef,  batfcaaftlng,  flawing,  And 
Bfnoking.' 

Jolj  3d. — I  gave  the  Indians  that  came  with  me  a  belt  of  warn- 
pntn,  and  they  called  a  conncil  ol  the  Ottawaa,  and  gave  them  a 
ku^lfe  Ixalt  of  wampumy  and  fetnraed  theni  thankB  for  taking  care 
bf  Oapt  ETErE!tnfoiv>N  and' the  rMt  of  th<f  pmon^re.  The  Ottawaa 
gave  the  Indians  Aai  came  with  me  eovenil  barrels  of  powder 
and  maTij  oth^ar  presents,  and  returned  them  thanks  for  bringif  g 
me  and  the  garrison  down  safe.  They  sent  to  the  Fort  for  some 
Ohippewa  Chiefs  to  come  to  them..  The  same  [day],  the.  Indians 
that  came  with  me  and  the  Ottawas  renewed  their  old  aliiance, 

July  4th— -The  Obippewas  arrived  andheld  a  council.  The  La 
Bay  Indians  took  great  pains  to  get  ihe  Ottawas  to  join  them^  to 
get  Capt.  Ethkrihgtok  re^instated,  which  they  refused,  but  said 
tbej  would  do  all  in  their  power  to  take  us  to  Moatreal.  The 
Iia  Bay  Indians  said  that  if  they  did  not,  they'  would  hare  no 
more  to  do  with  them,  but  would  break  off  foraier  friendship. 
They  also  spoke  to  the  (%ippewaS)  but  could  not  bring  them  to 
oonseutto  their  proposals.    Nothing  but  councils  till  the  7th. 

July  7th.— The  La  Bay  Indians  came  and  told  me  that  they 
were  going  to  the  Fort  to  spefik  for  the  last  time,  and  make  tlie 
Ghippewas  lay  down  their  arms  to  let  us  jpass  for  Montreal.  I 
gave  them  twe  large  belts.  They  likewise  said,  tliat  if  the  Chip- 
pewas  would  [not?]  consent  to  their  proposal,  they  would  take 
me  and  my  garrison  back  with  them,  ffnd  take  care  of  us  till  such 
time  as  they  would  [go  with]  their  warriors'and  open  a. road  them- 
setvea.  This  day  they  went  to  ^e  Foirt,  aad  took  with  them  uiost 
of  the  traders  that  came  with  them.  On  their  arrival,  the  Indi- 
ans belonging  to  the  Isle  Castor  took  one  llfi*.  Lottridge  and  Mr. 
Croghan ;  the  former  wajB  taken  frou^  th^m  by  a  chief  of  the  Sacs, 
to  whom  tie  gave  couetderable. presents  ;  but  the  latter  was  oblige4 
to  btiy  hfimsetf  clear. 

July  8th.— Tl^ey  continued  in  council  till  the  11th,  in  which  time 


ihtj  got  aU  tbe  prUoiKvs  clear,  except  myself^  Mr.  HiNBt^i  a  tra  - 
der,  and  two  soldiers ;  and  the  same  daj,  being  the  lltb,  we  ail 
arrived,  the  men,  the  traders,  and  most  of  the  ludian  woznei^ 
from  the  Ottawa  village. 

Jul  J  12th.— The  La  Ba^  Indians  and  the  friendlj  Ottewaa  ia- 
formed  as  that  the  road  was  clear  to  Montreal,  and  thai  they  ^ad 
appointed  seferal  Ottawa  chie&  and  warriors  to  convey  us  thera ; 
upon  whioh  we  and  the  traders  promised  they  should  he  wdl  ra- 
'warded. 

July  13th. — About  eight  or  ten  of  the  principal  Indians  that  did 
the  mischier,  came  to  Capt.  Ethkbingtoit,  and  made  the  toUowing 
apeech,  viz  :  That  they  would  know  if  he  would  shake  hands  with 
lliem.  Upon  being  refused,  they  said  it  was  not  on  aocount  of  the 
Sbwas  that  they  saved  Oapt  Etjubrihqton  and  the  rest  of  hia  garrt- 
son,  bat  on  account  of  the  Indians  from  La  Bay  with  me^  who  came 
with  their  pi^es  full  of  tobaicco  for  them  to  smoke ;  and  if  they 
were  all  undep  arms  aad  ready  to  fire  upon  us,  they  would  be  obli- 
ged to  lay  doWn  their  arms  on  aeooaut  of  an  old  alUaaee  between 
them.  They  said  that  though  it  was  the  Chippewas  that  struck, 
it  was  the  Ottawas  that  began  the  war  at  Detroit,  and  instigated 
them  to  do  the  same.  They  said  at  the  same  time,  that  if  the 
Generalf  would  forgive  and  shake  hands  with  them,  they  would 
never  do  the  same  again.  Upon  this,  Oapt.  Ethbsinotoh  said,  that 
if  they  expected  any  mercy,  or  that  he  should  speak  in  their  fa- 


*  Tbia  wasALxxANDia  HsiraT,  whb  vas  tx>rn  in  New  Jeraej,  in  August  1730.  He 
accompanied  Amhent^s  Eipedition  in  17S6.  and  tras  preaeat  «t  the  redoetioii  of  Pott 
A9  hrrl,  and  tnvtand^r  oT  MiMtMSL  ■  la-deseiialh^^h*  ritir,  httlot^  i^rea  }m^  oi 
m^rdandiMb  tnd  oiriy  caved  bis  lif^  bj  etfuglag  to  tbe  bottom  of  one  at  them.  Po«- 
aeanng  an  enterpriaing  apirit,rbe  soon  after  viaited  tbe  Upper  Lakea,  and  engaged  in  tlie 
fur  trade.  He  was  captured  witb  Capt  ETHaamoTOM's  partj  at  Mackinaw,  and  anbse- 
quentlj  resumed  tbe  occupation  of  a  fur  trader.  He  was  tbe  autbor  of'  an  lateititfiig 
itmk  of  Trarels  fai  Canlida  md  Hie  lanMia  qpsntfy,l><lwifl  ihiyireitSOMMi  lOTa 
He  died  at  Montreal,  April  4,  1834»  aged  eigbtj-foor  yean.  .He  wtf  ^.mm  eX  w«na 
afleetionsp  domestic  babita,  and  a  generous  mind. 

t  Sir  Jeffrej  Amberei  was  tben  Britisb  Oommander-in-ciiief  iA  Kortb  AmerieB. 


47 

TOT,  they  mtiBt  give  t^p  all  tbe.priagnerS)  whick  was  tboir  oxilj 
method  of  getting  forgivaess. 

.  Julj  14th. — ^The  La  Baj  Indians  came  to  me  and  ddin«aded 
commissions.  I  gave  them  eight  certifioatesy  which  answer  ths 
imme  end  as  commissions.  The  Ohippewas  then  said,  that  if  th^y 
had  some  sum  they  would  go  and  consult  of  it.  Uaving  no 
rum  to  give  them,  thej  went  away  and  said  no  more  to  n&  Af- 
terwards they  went  to  tha  La  Bay  Indiaasi  who  desired  them  t^ 
deliver  up  all  the  prisoners,  as  the  only  method  to  get  forgivneaa. 

Jfily  18th. — Oapt.  Ethsbington  made  them  some  small  presents, 
iAd  thanked  them  for  their  good  behavior ;  and  at  the  request  of 
ike  chiefs,  Messrs.  Bbuob,  Fmtiva^  and  Bobebooit,  a  trader  fiom 
Albany,  returned  widi  them  to^  La  Bay.  The  same  dsiy,  tfbe  wted 
being  fhir,  we  embarked  for  Montreal,  consisting  bf  fortj^  'cattees 
of  soldiers,  traders  and  Indians.  Nothiog'of  coofsequenc^  ooc«p- 
red  till  we  came  near  the  French  rif  erj  where  wo  met  a  party  of 
Hissasaga  Indians.  The  next  day,  we  entered  the  French  river, 
when  the  chiefs  called  a  council,  in  which  it  was  ordered  that 
Capt  ErHBBiNGTONjLieut  LE8Liff,and  all  the  master  traders,  should 
go  in  the  Indian  canoes,  and  make  what  haste  they  could  to  Mon- 
treal. I  was  left  with  all  the  soldiers  and  traders'  hands  to  guard 
the  peltry.  Lieut.  Leslie  beMig  an  elder  ofScer,  insisted  on  stay- 
ing on  that  command,  but  an  Ottawa  chief  who  had  taken  him 
from  the  Chippewas,  and  adopted  him  as  his  son,  would  not  let 
him,  as  he  said  he  would  take  him  to  the  General  and  give  him  np. 
And  they  pr'^ceeded.  After  a  tedious  passage  of  thirty-two  days, 
I  reached  Montreal  the  13th  Aug.  1763,  with  all  my  garrison. 

I  was  so  much  hurried  after  receiving  Capt.  ETHEBnroTOjff's  * 


*  Capt  Etbskivgtok,  it  would  appear  from  O&atdoii's  MemoiTa,  was  probablj  anatiTa 
e(  Delaware,  early  c-ntered  the  army,  and  aenred  aa  drummer  and  aergtraot  A  vealthj 
wtf*ow  of  Neweaatle  cuuDt  j  becoming  euaroored  of  him,  purobaaed  him  a  commiaaion. 
AttM  the  l««a  i>f  hw  poet  at  MichiUimackinac,  we  find  him  atatmned  at  i^hiladelpbia ; 
and  in  s^epteraber  1775.  h«  waa  promoted  from  a  Major  to  a  Lieutenant  Colonel  in  tlie 
Sixtieth  «r  Ko>al  Aroenenn  Regiment,  which  tank  beheld  in  1780— between  which 
I  latter  date  and  179SI,  he  muat  have  died.aa  liia  name  doea  not  appear  in  the  Britiah  atmj 

f  ngiater  in  the  Uttt-r  year.  -  He  waa  a  man  of  etiperior  height  and  laige  fmme,  wliidi  gave 

ktai  a  Oitmnianditoff  air.   Though  extremely  dehcieot  in  education,  he  ptioaepaod  a  strong, 
acvte  intellect,  andThMd  a  happy  talent  al  repartee. 


^8 

letter  tho  16th  June,  1763,  that  I  could  not  put  the  particulars  in 
the  margin,  as  in  the  former,  but  was  obliged  to  refer  the  amount 
of  the  fltindrj  presents  given  to  the  Indians  since  the  above  date, 
to  the  traders'  accotints  below  mentioned,  viz: 

Messrs.  Moran  and  Company^  accounts, 

'  ^«      Goddard  &  Co., 
John  Abe  all  &  Co., 

Messrs.  Lery  &  Ezekiel  Solomon,  4  bags  corn, 
Henry  Bostwick,  for  corn, 

Total,  £1165      3  11 

.   This  exclusive  of  21,800  wampoin,  not  charged  in  trader's  ac* 
counts^  being,  belts  received  firom  different  nations,  as  pledges  of 
^eir  fidelity ;  the  QiOit  of  which  necessity  obliged  me  to  have 
z^de  over  tLj^^in^  lest  they  should  be  known. 
Montreal,  Aug.  16, 1768.    * 


£935 

12 

2 

191 

2 

6 

28 

8 

3 

■  10 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

Y 


(L.^  APPBNDZZ  HO.  4. 


RECOLLECnONS  OF  GREEN  BAT  IN  1816—17. 

BT    JAHES    W.    BIDDLB,     OF    PITTSBtmQH,   PA. 

Mj  first  visit  to  Qtbgh  Bay  was  in  the  fall  of  1816.    I  was  oou-- 
oeraed  with  Col.  Jaiceb  Thomas  in  the  supply  of  the  troops  at  De-  - 
troitj  Mackinaw,  Chicago,  Green  Bay — ^proyided,  said  the  ^contract, . 
thftt  a  military  post  should  be  established  at  the  latter  place  with-  - 
in  the  year.    The  post  at  Mackinaw  was  then  nuder  command  of 
Brevet  Col.  TAiaBor  Chahbxbs  ;  but  in  August,  or  thereabouts,  Col. 
JoHH  MiLLEB,  afterwards  Governor  of  Missouri,  arrived,  and  tak*" 
ing  command,  determined  on  establishing  a  post  at  Green  Bay. 

Vessels  were  accordingly  chartered,  and,  I  think,  three  compan- 
ies of  riflemen  and  infantry  were  put  on  board.    I  furnished  the 
required  amount  of  provisions  and  they  all  arrived  safe,  though 
this  was  the  first  instance  of  merchant  vessels  navigating  the  Bay.. 
The  leading  or  most  reliable  commodore  of  the  fleet  was  Capt. 
Dobbins  of  the  *•  Washington,"  belonging  to  Erie,  Pa,  of  hundred;- 
tons,  the  largest  vessel  at  tlmt  time  on  the  Lakes,  though  they. 
spoke  of  the  "  Wellington,"  of  one  hundred  'and  thirty  tons,  be-  - 
longing  somewhere  in  Canada,  which  had  been  on  the  Lakes,  but^*^ 
fonnd  too  large  or  drawing  too  much  water  for  lake  navigation^ 
and  had  then  disappeared.    DoBsms  sounded  the  whole  way  up 
the  Bay,  and  on  his  return  gave^  the  worst  account  of  the  naviga- 
tions-all shoals,  said  he,  and  rocks,  with  no  harbor,  river,  or  creek 
7 


50 

to  pat  into,  or  island  to  take  sbelter  under,  excepting  two  at  its 
.moodu 

This  acoonnt  was  all  gammon,  as  I  conjectured  at  the  time,  as, 
though  not  contradicted  bj  the  other  masters  of  vessels,  it  was  not 
confirmed  by  them.  Hiej  were,  however,  nnder  some  kind  of 
cow  to  DoBBEfs,  who  besides  being  in  some  capacity  in  the  U.  8. 
aervice,  was  of  a  lordly,  imperious  disposition,  and  commanded, 
the  finest  vessel  on  the  Lakes,  and  was,  moreover,  acquainted  with 
the  fact,  that  I  had  farther  and  large  supplies  to  forward.  He 
first  asked  $10  per  barrel  freight,  then  $7 — $5 — $3  50,  and  finally 
closed  with  my  offer  of  $1  50  per  barrel,  at  which  I  loaded  his 
own  and  four  other  vessels  of  forty  and  fifty  tons  each — ^schooners 
and  sloops.  This  gives  you  an  idea  of  the  price  of  freights  at  that 
time,  the  general  rule  being  $3  psr  lake  for  a  barrel  bulk — that  is, 
from  Buffalo  or  Erie  (Cleveland  not  being  much  known  then)  to 
Detroit  or  Maiden,  $2 ;  to  Mackinaw  $5,  St.  Cltur  Lake  being  call- 
^  half  one.  Chicago  then  had  no  trading  reputation,  vessels  on- 
ly visiting  it  to  carry  troops  or  provisions  to  supply  them ;  and 
these  provisions  and  enpplies  up  to  that  time,  were  principally 
bronght  from  Pittsburgh,  including  pork,  flour,  whiskey,  soap, 
candles,  vinegar,  conveyed  by  keel-boats  no  the  Alleghany,  and 
French  Creek,  to  Le  Boeuf,  or  Waterford,  and  thenc<J  wagoned 
over  to  Erie. 

At  this  date,  Ohio  first  began  to  furnish  pork  and  flour  for  these 
posts;  both,  however,  were  held  as  inferior,  tlie  hogs  being  hghf, 
and  the  flour  dark  or  yellowish.  Michigan  farmers  then  raised 
little  or  nothing  to  sell.  Tliey  were  French,  settled  on  so  many 
arpents*  of  land,  fronting  on  Detroit  river,  and  limited  back,  I 
.think,  by  no  defined  line ;  it  never  entering  their  grave  heads  that 
;any  man  would  locate  himself  without  a  river  front.  Here  they 
raised  a  few  vegetables  which  they  preserved  through  the  winter, 
•and  some  wheat  and  corn,  which  thpy  ground  by  wind  mills,  still 
{to  be  seen  on  the  points  of  land  along  the  Detroit.    The  town  of 

*  An  Bipent  u  about  one-seTentli  less  than  an  Englifih  acre. 


51 

Detroit  was  of  some  business  importance,  but  Kackinaw  was  the 
^reat  emporium  of  trade  of  the  Korth  American  Fur.  Company^ 
at  this  time  embodied  in  John  Jacob  Astob.    Hece  his  agente  re* 
eidedy  and  from  hence  were  fitting  out  his  trading  boats  for  the 
various  Indian  regions,  north,  east  and  west.    I  think  in  18Jl6,  he   ! 
fitted  oat  two  hundred  and  forty  boats,  each  one  containing  two 
traders  and  from  four  to  six  hands.   Hie  two  traders  were  only  for 
this  year,  Congress  having  by  law  forbidden  foreigner^  being  li- 
censed   to    trade    with    Indians — all    his    traders  had  hitherto 
been  Canadians.    Astob  was  compelled  that  year  to  send  Unf- 
ted  States'  citizens,  and  sent  out  two  hundred  young  clerks  from  .' 
city  eotinting-houses  of  whom  to  make  Indian  traders.    As  they  - 
knew  nothing  of  the  traps  connected  with  the  feuslnessj  AStoe  haid  ' 
to  send  his  old  traders  with  them  as  fianda.    But  a  single  year  ' 
gnflSced  to  make  thetn  all  first-rate  men — the  Tarikees  being  al-  ' 
ways  at  home  at  a  trade,  and  they  easily  took  up  with  the  traps,' 
leaving  the  Frenchmen  to  seek  other  pursuits. 

I  did  not  visit  Green  Bay  until  October  or  November,  1816. 
I  found  the  troops  in  quarters  prepared  for  them  by  Col.  Gbatiot, 
the  engineer,  who  accompanied  Col.  Milleb*  to  the  post,  which  the 
latter  left  in  command  of  Col.  Chambers,  and  returned  to  Macki- .. 
naw,  and  afterwards  to  Detroit,  that  year,  leaving  the  post  at  ■ 
Mackinaw  in  command  of  Brevet  Col.  John  McNeil,  .  brother-in- 
law  of  the  present  President  Piebce  ;  at  which  post  ^  ere  also  sta-   . 
tioned  at  the  same  time,  Capt.  Benj'n«  £.  Piebce,  and  liieut.  Joh^ 
Piebce,  of  the  Artillery,  boih  brothers  of  President  I^ieboe.    The 
former,  now  Gen.  B.  £.  Piebce,  I  believe  is  still  living,  and  still  in 
service — at  least  he  was  in  1848,  when  I  had  the  pleasure  to  see 
him  in  this  place  by  receiving  a  call  from  him  when  passing 
through. 


*  Cot  ZouTH  MiLLiR,  tiie  first  American  officer  Id  command  at  Green  Baj,  wasa  natire 
of  Yirf^nia.  He  bad  flerred  with  great  repatation  during  the  war  of  1812-15.  After 
hifl  eommaod  at  Qte%n  Baj,  he  was  appointed  register  of  the  public  lands  in  the  Howard 
district^  Mieeoari,  and  was  subsequently  elected  goTeruor  of  that  State^  and  for  seyeral 
jean  a  member  of  congress.    He  died  near  Fiorisant^  Mo^  March  18th,  1846.     l.  c.  d. 


The  fort  at  Green  Baj,  I  think  called  Fost  Howard,  was  built 
lower  down  Fox  riyer,  and  nearer  the  lake  than  anj  ot  the  settle- 
mentBy  and  on  the  right  as  jon  ascended  the  river.  The  settle- 
ment waa  a  promising  and  a  pleasant  one,  having  comfortable 
houses,  framed  baildings  of  two  stories,  with  nnmeroos  small  farms 
under  good  cultivation,  and  the  land  veiy  productive  in  com, 
wheat,  grass,  &c  So  rapid  was  the  vegetation,  that  it  was  gravely 
asserted  that  they  could  hear  and  see  the  com  growing. 

Col.  MnxKB  experienced  no  difficulty  from  the  Indians  in 
establishing  his  post,  though  something  of  this  had  been  antici- 
pated from  the  Winnebagoes,  a  bold  and  warlike  tribe  who  lived 
at  Lake  au  Puant,  or  Stinking  Lake — now  Lake  Winnebago— 
some  sixty  miles  up  Fox  river.  None  was  apprehended  from  the 
Henomonees  or  Wild  Rice  Indians,  who  resided  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river.  A  deputation  of  the  Winnebagoes  came  down  and  re- 
monstrated with  Col.  MuxsB  against  what  they  termed  an  intru- 
sion ;  and  inquired  why,  and  for  what  purpose,  he  was  about  to 
establish  a  fort  there  ?  Hilleb  gave  them  what  he  had  in  expla- 
nation, and  that  his  purpose,  though  armed  for  war,  was  peace. 
The  Winnebago  Chief  then  made  to  him  the  celebrated  remark  of 
the  Armenian  Prince,  I  think  it  was,  to  Lucullus,  "  that  if  his  ob- 
ject was  peace,  he  had  brought  more  with  him  than  was  neces- 
sary to  treat ;  but  if  his  object  was  war,  he  had  brought  too  few 
to  fight.''  MiLLEB  told  him  that  he  had  not  seen  all  the  force  he 
had  with  him,  and  invited  him  down  to  the  river  bank,  among 
the  grass  of  which  he  showed  him  some  ten  or  twelve  large  can- 
non lying,  which  the  Indian  had  not  before  seen;  but  upon  viewing 
them,  he  said  that  Col.  Miller  probably  had  enough  to  make 
good  his  right — broke  up  the  conference,  and  gave  no  farther  trou- 
ble. The  Winnebagoes  seemed  to  bo  a  diflterent  race  of  people, 
and  were  so  regarded,  from  the  Chippeway,  or  rather  Ojibway, 
of  which  great  family,  nearly,  if  not  all,  the  other  tribes  in  that 
region  were  branches — their  language  be'ng  totally  different, 
having  a  guttural  sound  like  the  German, 

The  Menomonees  at  Green  Bay  were  a  small  and  generally 


58 

peaceable  tribe,  but  had,  at  tbis  time,  a  very  remarkable  man  as 
their  chief— one  held  in  much  awe  bj  the  surrounding  Indian 
nations,  and  in  high  respect  by  the  whites.  His  name  was  Tomah, 
whom  I  personally  knew,  and  I  may  say,  venerated.  I  learned 
from  those  who  were  acquainted  with  his  history,  many  marked 
occurrences  of  his  previous  life.  He  had  no  hereditary  claim  to 
thetchieftainship.  This  was  held,  at  the  time,  by  a  man  nearly  as 
old  as  himself,  who  was  an  idiot,  but  who  they  always  took  with 
ihem  in  their  excursions.  Tomah  merely  ruled  as  the  acknowledg- 
ed strongest  man  of  the  nation,  and  this  he  had  continued  to  do 
ior  a  great  many  years.  The  Indian  tribes  around  were  repre- 
sented to  me  as  all  afraid  of  him,  though  they  mentioned  it  as  a 
singular  fact,  that  he  had  never  engaged  in  war  with  any  of  them 
while  in  control  of  the  nation. 

An  interesting  illustration  of  this  I  received  from  several. per- 
sons, as  occurring  upon  an  interview  he  had  with  Tbcumssh  in 
1810  or  1811,  when  that  remarkable  man  was  forming  his  greatcom- 
tination  for  driving  the  Americans  back,  who  like  the  waves  of  the 
sea,  were  encroaching  upon  their  hunting  grounds.  *  With  this  view 
he  visited  Green  Bay,  obtained  a  council  and  hearing  from  Tomah 
and  his  people,  whom  he  addressed  in  a  manner  he  best  knew  how 
to  do ;  and  in  the  course  of  which,  in  true  Indian  spirit,  he  pic- 
tured the  glory,  as  well  as  certainty  of  success,  and  as  omens  of 
this,  recapitulated  to  them  his  own  hitherto  prosperous  career — 
the  number  of  battles  he  had  foaght,  the  victories  he  had  won, 
the  enemies  he  had  slain,  and  the  scalps  he  had  taken  from  the 
heads  of  warrior- foes.  Tomah  appeared  sensible  of  the  influence 
of  such  an  address  upon  his  people,  and  feared  its  consequence, 
for  he  was  opposed  to  leading  them  into  war.  His  reply  was  in  a 
tone  to  allay  this  feeling,  and  he  closed  with  the  remark  to  them, 
ihat  they  had  iTeard  the  words  of  Tbcumseh — heard  of  the  battles 
he  had  fought,  the  enemies  he  had  slain,  and  the  scalps  he  had 
taken.  He  then  paused  ;  and  while  the  deepest  silence  reigned 
throughout  the  audience,  he  slowly  raised  his  hands,  with  his  eyes 
fixed  on  them,  and  in  a  lower,  but  not  less  prouder  tone,  continued 


54 

''  but  U  is  my  boast  iJiat  th^se  hands  are  unstained  with  human 
blood  f^  The  effect  is  described  as  tremendous — ^natare  obeyed 
her  own  impulse,  and  admiration  was  forced  even  from  those  who 
conld  not,  or  did  not,  approve  of  the  moral  to  be  implied,  and  the 
gravity  of  the  council  was  disturbed,  for  an  instant,  by  a  murmur 
of  approbation — a  tribute  to  genius,  overpowering,  at  the  moment, 
the  force  of  education  and  of  habit.  He  concluded  with  remark- 
ing, that  he  bad  ever  supported  the  policy  of  peace,  as  his  nation 
was  small  and  consequently  weak ;  that  he  was  fully  aware  of  the 
injustice  of  the  Americans  in  their  encroachments  upon  the  land» 
of  the  Indians,  and  for  them  feared  its  consequences,  but  that  he 
saw  no  relief  for  it  in  going  to  war,  and  therefore,  as  a  national 
thing,  he  would  not  do  so,  but  that  if  any  of  his  young  men  were 
desirous  of  leaving  their  hunting  grounds,  and  following  Tecuicsbh, 
they  had  his  permission  to  do  so.    His  prudent  counsels  prevailed. 

I  always  thought  this  an  odd  speech — a  very  remarkable  one 
to  come  from  a  savage,  for  suchToMAH  was  by  birth  and  education,, 
but  by  nature  I  always  thought  him  one  of  the  grandest  speci- 
mens of  humanity  I  had  ever  seen.  I  had  not  met  with  him  at 
Green  Bay ;  I  was  only  a  few  days  there  in  1816,  and  hurried 
with  business,  nor  did  I  hear  much,  if  anything,  of  him,  until  after 
meeting  with  him  the  next  year  at  Mackinaw.  The  first  I  heard 
of  him,  was  a  prescription  of  his  to  Col.  John  Bowybb,  the  Indian 
agent  at  Green  Bay,  for  the  gout,  of  which  my  brother,  Edwabd 
BroDLE,  told  me,  and  a  very  rational  one  I  thought  it — "to  drink  no 
whiskey,  live  on  lean  meat  and  wild  rice,  and  scarify  his  feetP' 
This  lead  me  to  make  inquiries  about  him,  when  I  found,  that  my 
brother  had  become  a  warm  friend  of  his — an  admirer  of  him. 

When  at  Mackinaw,  early  one  morning  in  the  latter  part  of 
May  or  early  in  June,  1817,  I  had  come  out  of  my  lodgings^ 
and  observed  approaching  me,  one  of  the  many  Indians  then 
on  the  Island,  and  taking  a  look  at  him  as  ho  emerged  from 
the  iog,  then  very  heavy,  I  was  struck,  as  he  passed,  ia  a 
most  unusual  manner  by  his  singularly  inaposing  presence.  I 
had  never  seen,  I  thought,  so  magnificent  a  man.    He  was  of^ 


r 


55 

the  larger  size,  perhaps  full  six  feet,  with  fine  proportions,  a  little- 
Btoop-fihouldered,  and  dressed  in  a  somewhat  dirtj  Indian  blan- 
ket, and  had  scarcely  noticed  me  as  he  passed.  I  remember  it 
as  diatinctlj  as  if  it  was  yesterday.  I  watched  him  until  he  di»- 
Appeared  again  in  the  fog,  and  remember  almost  giving  expressioi^ 
to  a  feeling  which  seemed  irresistably  to  creep  over  me,  that  the 
earth  was  too  mean  for  such  a  man  to  walk  on!  The  idea,  to  be 
sure,  was  discarded  the  moment  it  came  up,  but  existence  it  had 
at  this  my  first  view  of  Tokah.  I  had  no  knowledge  at  the  timer 
who  he  was,  or  that  Tokah  was  on  the  Island,  but  while  standing' 
there  before  my  dpor,  and  under  the  influence  of  the  feeling  I  hayer 
described,  Henst  Gbatebat,  the  Indian  interpreter,  came  up, 
and  I  enquired  of  him  whether  he  knew  of  an  Indian  who  had 
just  passed  up?  He  replied  yes,  that  it  was  Tohah,  chief  of  the 
Menomonee  Indians,  who  with  his  people  had  arrived  late  the 
evening  before,  and  were  encamped  at  the  ^' Point;''  thatToMAH^ 
had  just  been  with  him  to  ask  a  council  with  the  Indian  agent^ 
Maj.  Wic.  H.  PuTBTTFF.  The  council  was  held  at  10  o'clock,  and 
I  made  it  my  business  to  attend. 

To  understand  what  follows,  1  must  make  a  short  digression. — 
The  British  for  many  years  had  paid  annual  contributions,  termed 
by  them  Indian  annuities,  giving  each  member  of  the  tribe  a  suit 
of  clothes,  consisting  of  a  shirt,  leggins,  breech-clout,  and  blao^ 
ket — and  each  family,  a  copper  kettle,  knives,  axes,  guns,  amnni- 
tion,  &c.  For  these,  each  tribe  came  regalarly  in  the  spring  or 
fall,  either  to  Mackinaw  or  Drummond's  Island,  or  the  Sault  Ste. 
Marie.  Tohah  was  a  British  Indian.  He  had  not  himself  engaged  io 
the  war,  but  his  feelings  were  with  the  British,  as  were  personally 
some  of  his  young  men.  He  had  arrived  on  Mackinaw  Island  with 
his  whole  people  on  their  way  to  Drummond's  Island  to  receive  their 
usual  annuity,  and  had  stopped  at  Mackinaw  to  rest  over  nighty 
There  was  nothing  novel  to  us  in  this,as  a  number  of  tribes  had  pre-, 
yiously  arrived,  stopped  and  had  a  council,  at  which  they  told 
their  story,  always  winding  up  with  professions  of  love  for  their 
"  Chemuckiman  Nosah^^  or  American  Fath^r^  who,  they  hoped,- 


56 

wonid  open  his  heart,  and  give  their  people  some  meat  to  stay 
them  on  their  journey,  and  his  breasts  to  give  them  some  milk — 
i.  e.  whiskey — to  make  them  joyfaL  This  was  the  usual  winding 
up  of  all  such  councils.  When  the  council  in  this  instance  had 
met,  and  the  proper  time  offered,  Toiiah  arose  and  stated  to  Kaj. 
PuTHUFF,  that  he  had  arrived  with  the  Menomonee  Kation,  tlie 
night  before,on  their  way  to  visit  their  British  fatber,and  that  having 
stopped  on  the  Island  to  rest  over  the  night,he  had  thought  it  his 
duty  to  report  the  fact  to  his  American  father.  With  this  simple 
announcement,he  sat  down.  Puthuff,  a  little  nettled,  made  a-short 
reply,  and  the  council  broke  up. 

Coming  out  of  the  council  house,  I  waited  for  Maj.  Puthuff, 
and  remaked  to  him  that  Tohah  would  want  some  provisions  for 
his  people,  and  that  I  wished  he  would  give  me  an  order  for  that 
jpurpose.  "D — n  the  rascal,  why  did  'nt  he  ask  for  it,  then  ?"  '*I 
suppose,"  said  I,  "being  a  British  Indian,  he  is  too  proud."  "Well, 
let  him  starve,  then."  "If  all  are  to  starve  who  are  proud,  Grod 
help  many  that  I  know  of.  Major."  I  had  no  diflSculty  in  pre- 
vailing in  the  matter,  as  government  had  made  provision  for  such 
issues  to  Indians,  and  Graverat  and  I  made  out  an  estimate 
proper  under  the  circumstances  to  give,  and  Tomah  and  his  people 
continued  their  voyage. 

In  a  few  days  he  and  they  returned,  dejected  and  disconsolate. 
A  change  had  come  over  the  spirit  of  British  policy.  They  had 
just  come  out  of  a  long  and  exhausting  dance  led  them  by  Napo- 
leon, and  were  cpunting  the  cost.  They  had  been  casting  around 
to  find  where  surest  and  readiest  to  cut  off  drains  upon  their  trea- 
.eury,  and  judging  that  they  had  no  further  need  of  Indian  servi- 
ces, lopped  off  the  whole  list  of  Indian  annuities.  This  was  al- 
ready known  at  Mackinaw,  and  had  been  told  to  Tomah  upon  his 
£rst  arrival,  but  he  would  not,  or  did  not,  believe  it.  He  found  it, 
however,  too  true.  There  were  no  annuities  there  for  him,  or  for 
any  other  tribes,  many  of  whom  were  there ;  and  it  was  anticipa- 
ted at  one  time,  that  they  would  rise  upon  the  British  force  there, 
and  take  what  they  could  get.    But  this  was  not  attempted. 


67 

My  brother  Edward,  then  and  now  at  Mackinaw,  had  been 
well  acquainted  with  Tomah  at  Green  Bay,  and  immediately  after 
his  return  to  the  Island,  he  came  into  the  store,  spoke  a  few  worda 
to  my  brother,  and  left.  I  had  seen  the  interview,  and  watched 
the  result,  without  making  any  enquiry,  for  I  saw  that  my  brother, 
who  greatly  loved  Tomah,  was  imbued  with  all  his  melancholy. 
In  a  few  moments  a  young  Indian  came  in  with  a  three  gallon  keg, 
which  my  brother  bade  the  young  man  in  the  store  to  fill  with 
whiskey,  which  was  charged  on  the  books  to  Tomah.  .1  was  look- 
ing over  the  books  but  a  few  years  ago,  and  saw  the  entry  on  the 
ledger,  which  brought  with  it  a  train  of  wild  and  melancholy 
thoughts.  This  insult  from  the  British  authorities,  as  he  took  it, 
was  more  than  his  proud  heart  could  bear.  For  himself  he  might 
have  borne  up  agaiust  it,  but  for  his  people,  and  in  the  sight  of 
those  whose  good  offices  he  had  refused  to  ask,  he  could  or  would 
not.  The  keg  was  brought  to  him  in  his  tent,  from  which  he 
drank  alone,  and  to  an  excess,  that  relieved  him  the  third  day  of 
pride,  grief,  joy  and  care.  He  was  buried  on  the  Island.  I  was 
present  at  his  funeral,  and  witnessed  his  daughter,  a  young  girl  of 
nineteen  or  twenty,  as  she  mournfully  sang  his  death  song  at  the 

I  head  of  the  coffin,  just  before  lowering  into  the  grave  all  that  was 

mortal  of  Tomah.    I  never  saw  so  distressed  and  broken-hearted  a 

'  people.    They  said  they  were  no  longer  a  nation — no  longer  any 

thing.    Tomah  could  alone  command  and  keep  them  together,  but 

j  now  they  would  be  scattered  and  lost.    We  made  a  collection, 

i  and  bought  them  provisions  which  carried  them  home,  where  they 

organized  under  some  other  chief,  until  driven  from  their  old 
himting-grounds  by  yon  land-grasping  Wisconnners  I* 


*  Of  ToKAH,  or  Thou  AW,  or  TeouAS  Cabbox,  we  have  found  but  little  in  print. 
He  leems  to  baye [been  the  great  Indian cbeiftain  of  the  Wieconsln  tribes;  our  Philip 
of  PoKAsroKKT— oiir  PoNTiAO — our  Txcvmsxh;  not  80  well  known,  to^besure,  and  figuring 
on  a  smaller  theatre,  but  exhibiting  traits  of  character  none  the  less  noble — none  the  less 
extorting  our  admiration.  OoL  Dx  Pbtbteb,  in  his  'rare  work  previouslj  alluded 
to,  thus  spoke  of  him  in  1779 ; 

**  While  none  on  earth  live  more  at  ease, 
Than  Carong^s  brave  Menominees  ;'• 


58 

The  settlement  at  Green  Bay  in  1816,  as  Iliare  remarked,  was  a 
very  clever  one.  They  had  comfortable  houses  and  good  farms. 
It  was  composed  mainly  of  old  ^nya^^r^— Canadian  boatmen, 
who  had  withdrawn  from  the  employment  of  the  fur  companies, 
and  fixed  themselves  down  on  a  piece  of  land  fronting  on  the 
riveVy  and  married  to  whole  or  half-breed  Indian  women.  The 
custom  I  found  prevailing  here  was  somewhat  unique  of  its  kind, 
as  a  leading  feature  of  the  community,  though  something  of  the 
kind  still  exists  at  New  Orleans  among  a  distinct  class.  "Sou  Wis- 
consiners  may  smile,  or  grin,  or  scowl  at  it,  but  you  cannot  alter 
the  facts  as  I  found  them  at  that  time.  The  young  people  there 
were  generally  a  cross  between  the  French  Canadian  and  la- 
dian,  and  marriage  between  girls  of  this  class  and  the  white  men 
arriving,  was  of  a  conventional  or  business  kind,to  suit  the  conve- 
nience of  the  case,  the  residence  of  the  men  not  being  prmanent, 
or  intending  to  be  so.  Marriage,  therefore,  was  limited  as  to 
time,  and  was  contracted  either  for  life,  or  for  six,  or  twelve 
months,  as  the  case  might  be — ^with  the  white  men  arriving,  it  as 
generally  of  the  latter  kind.  The  lover  having  made  choice  of  a  girl, 
applied  to  her  parents,  with  whom  he  entered  into  a  limited  mar- 
riage contract — specifying  the  amount  to  be  paid  them  for  depriva- 
tion of  her  services — the  amount  to  be  paid  her  in  hand  for  her 
own  benefit,  and  the  amount  per  week  for  her  boarding  and  rent 


and  added,  that  he  vas  "a  very  clever  fellow,  chief  of  the  nation  of  Menomineea— th* 
handsottest  nan  among  the  Indian^.*' 

Dr.  M0SS8,  in  hii  Tour  among  the  Indiana,  in  1890,  apeaka  of  Kim  aa  nha  oelefantod 
Thomaw,  who  died,  and  waa  buried,  at  Mackinaw,  and  oyer  hiagraye  Mr.  John  Lair  of 
Green  Bay,  erected  a  monnment  with  the  following  inacription : 

"Here  rests  the  body  of  Thomas  CARsoif,  Grand  Chief  of  the  FoUe  Arolne  (Meooni- 
nee)  nation,  who  departed  this  life  July  8th,  1818,  aged  56  years,  regretted  by  all  who 
knew  him.*'  This  date  makes  his  death  occur  a  year  later  than  Mr.  Biddle,  who  thinks 
he  cannot  be  mistaken ;  and  Tom  ah  mast  hare  been  fully  tenyten  older  than  the  age 
upon  this  monument  represents,  judging  from  the  fact  of  his  being  a  prominent  chief  aa 
early  as  1779.  His  son  Mau-cau-tau-bse,  or  Oarbon,  of  whom  Dr.  Moass  spoke  aa  a 
modest,  sensible  man,  ia  one  of  the  present  chiefs  of  the  Menomoneea,  and  has  so  been 
erer  since  bis  father's  death,  and  has  attained  the  age  of  Hfty-fiye  yean.'] 

L.O.D. 


69 

of  a  room  in  tlie  hoase,  if  to  remain  in  the  dwelling  of  her  pa- 
rents. These  payments  were  generally  maae  in  provisions,  clo- 
thing^ &c. 

In  case  the  lorer  or  husband  removed  from  the  place  before  the 
expiration  of  the  time  agreed  on,  he  had  the  right— as  in  the  oaae 
of  the  engager— ix>  transfer  his  marital  claim  thus  acquired,  to  asi- 
other;  so  that  during  the  term  of  the  stipulated  coverture,  the 
girl  might  find  herself  the  wife  of  two  or  miH'e  husbands.  I  knew 
of  several  marriages  of  this  kind  during  the  few  weeks  I  was  at 

the  Bay  in  1816  and  17.    I  could  state  that  of  Oapt. ,  of 

the  U.  S.  Army,  but  I  decline  any  reminiscence  of  names.  I  was 
Bo  far  intelligent  of  this,  as  to  be  called  upon  by  the  Oaptain,  an 
old  acquaintance,  to  heal  some  breach  between  him  and  his  thus  Ac- 
quired wife — ^for  the  reason  that  I  could  apeak  some  French,  which 
he  could  not.  She  was  in  high  iantremSy  he  said,  about  somethiBg 
wliich  he  could  not  understand.  He  wanted  that  I  should  go  with 
him  to  ascertain  what  eotUd  be  the  matter.  Of  course  I  went, 
and  found  the  fair  dame  sulky  and  aallen,  but  with  an  eye  flashing 
high  ai^r.  I  easily  got  the  truth  from  her.  Her  jealousy  had 
been  excited  or  roused  by  some  tale-bearer.  I  gave  her  the  ex- 
planations and  details  he  tendered,  with  promises  of  caution  and 
good  conduct  for  the  future ;  and  having  restored  peace  between 
man  and  wife,  I  went  merrily  home.  The  contracts  entered  into 
in  this  manner  were  regarded  by  them  as  sacred,  and  no  evidences 
were  adduced  or  known  of  infidelity  on  the  part  of  the  women, 
•nd  were  consequently  highly  resented  if  occurring  on  the  purt  of 
the  spouae. 

The  Bay  was  unblessed  at  this  time  with  any  thing  in  the  nature 
or  calling  of  a  priest,  but  it  did  rejoice  in  the  possession  of  a 
magistrate,  who  had  enjoyed  the  office  of  judge  time  without 
memory  of  when  it  began ;  and  long  had  all  the  business  of  the 
colony  been  regulated  and  kept  in  order  l^y  the  awe-inspiring 
authority  and  portly  person  of  Judge  Bbattmb.  No  person  diere 
could  tell  when  his  official  duties  first  devolved  upon  him,  nor 
from  whence  his  authority  was  derived.    It  was  sufficient  to  ob- 


60 

tain  obedience,  that  it  existed,  and  no  one  disputed  his  anthoriiy 
or  appealed  from  his  decision,  for,  in  truth,  there  was  no  power 
above  him.  Eefore  him  all  complaints  were  brought,  and  all 
wrongs  redressed,  and  marriages  celebrated — ^for  doing  which  he 
had  fixed  fees.  In  the  case  of  marriage,  of  which  it  was  discov- 
ered he  kept  some  kind  of  record,  if  you  remained  in  cohabitation 
beyond  the  stipulated  time,  he  would  send  for  you ;  have  you  to 
renew  the  engagement,  or  punish  you  by  fine  for  contumacy  or 
neglect — thus  securing  a  new  fee  for  his  own  pocket,  and  enforcing 
a  proper  respect  for  the  laws  and  customs  of  the  country.  While 
I  was  there,  a  vagabond  French  desperado  was  arrested  for  an  act 
of  violence  to  a  half  Indian  girl.  The  case  was  rather  broadly 
made  out  against  him,  which  excited  the  ire  of  the  good  Judge  to 
•uoh  a  degree,  that  he  sentenced  the  fellow  to  buy  the  girl  a  new 
frock— it  having  been  proven  that  her  own  had  been  torn  in  the 
scuffle,  and  to  work  one  week  in  his,  tlie  Judge^s,  garden  I 
It  was  reported,  but  I  know  not  with  what  truth,  that  his  libra- 

.  ry  was  enriclied  with  two  odd  volumes  of  Blackstone,  but  whether 
in  Prench  or  English  I  did  not  learn.  A  gentleman,  a  friend  of 
mine,  had  a  dispute  with  a  troublesome  fellow  about  some  trifle, 
and  upon  whose  application,  Reauhb  sent  my  friend  a  summons — 
instead  of  paper  with  name  and  seal,  the  constable  exhibited  the 
well-known  large  jack-Jmife  of  the  Judge,  which  had  long  been 
made  to  serve  that  purpose.  On  tlie  day  of  appearance,  defendant 
broke  ground  for  the  Judge's,  and  stopping  at  a  store  on  the  way, 

.  bought  some  cheap  article.  On  approaching  the  office,  he  ibund 
the  Judge  at  the  door,  who  exclaimed  to  him  in  broken  English, 
*'You  may  go  away — go  away;  I  has  given  judgment  against 
ye."  "Good  morning,  Judge."  "Good  morning;  I  has  given 
judgment  against  ye."  "  Coming  along  by  Burgan's  store,  I  saw 
this  small  cofiee-pot  lianging  out,  and  I  bought  it  to  present  to 
you,  Judge ;  will  you  do  me  the  pleasure  to  accept  it?"  "  O— yes, 
tank  ye— tank  ye  kindly— very  much  'bliged  to  ye."  "  Judge,  I 
don't  owe  that  fellow  any  thing."  "  You  don't  ?"  "  No,  I  have 
really  overpaid  him."  "The  rascal ;  I  reverses  my  judgment,  and 
ie  shall  pay  de  costs." 


61 

Now  it  must  not  be  imagined  from  this,  that  Judge  Rbaumb 
was  a  bad  man.  He  was  the  reverse  of  this,  but  followed  the 
temper  of  the  times,  and  bowed  to  the  current  of  the  country's 
customs,  rather  than  undertake  the  labor  of  chaogiug  or  rising 
aboFe  them.  The  quiet  acquiescence  of  the  people  to  his  autho- 
Titj  for  so  long  a  time,  and  the  sufferance  of  his  rule  and  swa/ 
under  British  and  American  supremacy — ^and  possibly  under 
French,  too— for  he  may  not  have  surrendered  until  long  after 
Montcalm  and  Oornwallis  did,  is  an  argument  at  least  in  favor  of 
the  mildness  of  his  administration.  Nor  was  he  deficient  in  intel- 
ligence, and  possessed  much  of  the  natural  j[>oliteneas  of  the  bet- 
ter class  of  rural  French.^  The  most  considerable  man  how* 
ever,  in  the  settlement,  the  One  of  most  intelligence  and  enter- 
prise— the  9uhstafUial  one  of  the  colony,  was  John  Law,  who  oc- 
cupied a  fine  farm  on  the  left  bank  of  Fo^  river  as  you  ascend, 
which  he  afterwards  sold  to  Johk  Jacob  Astob,  and  which  now,  I 
think,  forms  a  part  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay. 

There  is,  or  was,  a  natural  phenomenon  at  Green  Bay,  which  I 
have  before  made  public  notice  of^  and  repeat  here ;  I  mean  a  re- 


*  Judge  CsAUtt  Rkattmb  vna  probably  a  native  of  Detroit— at  least,  in  1777,  there 
I  a  promuieiil  vestdent  of  Detroit^  named  Pfsaax  RKAtjm ;  and  in  1778,  Chauks 
SxAeMXtVas  a  captain  in  the  Britlah  Indian  Departtnent^  at  Detroit,  and  acoompanlad 
Qor.  HAiOLTOff  in  hh  expedition  against  Yinoennea  in  December  of  that  year,  and 
-frheo  the  American  Col.  Gkobok  Roobbs  Cla&k  recaptared  that  place  in  Februaiy, 
1779,  Oapt  RxAUKB  was  among  the  priBoners,  who  taking  the  oath  of  neutrality,  waa 
permitted  to  return  to  Detroit  Gen.  Olabk's  MS,  Papers,  in  the  miter's  possession, 
proTa  tfaia  het  From  Iftoasa's  Indian  Report,  it  appean  tiiat  Oapt  RaAovm  settled  at 
Green  Bay  in  1790,  and  probably  derived  his  early  commission  of  Judge  from  the 
British  authorities  at  Detroit ;  and  anticipating  perhaps,  the  early  transfer  of  Detroit  to 
ihm  American  goTemment»  may  have  had  something  to  do  in  hastening  his  departure:. 
When  Brown  county,  in  which  the  Green  Bay  settlement  was  and  is  still  situated,  waa 
oiga&iaad  under  the  authority  of  Michigan  Territory,  in  1818,  Judge  Rsavmi  waa  ap- 
pointed by  Got.  C.\s8  an  Associate  Justice,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  in  July,  1834, 
aaotber  filled  his  place  on  the  bench— henoe  it  would  appear,  tbat  he  died  sometime  be* 
tween  1818  and  1824. 

L.  0.  D. 


C2 

gular  ebb  and  flow  as  of  a  tide,  in  the  waters  of  Fox  river  *  I 
noticed  it  every  day  for  about  ten  days  that  I  staid  there  in  181T. 
The  rise  and  fall  was,  I  think,  twelve  to  eighteen  inches,  and  oc- 
curred regnlarly  at  the  same  hours  every  day — being  greater  or 
less  in  its  rise  and  fall  as  the  wind  was  np  or  down  the  Bay.  I 
published  a  notice  of  tliis  in  the  Pittsburgh  Gazette  in  1818-*19, 
which  was  copied  into  various  papers,  and  caime  under  the  notice 
of  Judge  Woodward,  of  Detroit,*  a  gentleman  of  much  learning 
and  science,  who  visited  Green  Bay  and  examined  into  it,  and,  in 
a  published  report,  confirmed  the  existence  of  the  ebb  and  flow 
as  I  had  found  and  described  it 

Now,  don't  set  me  down  as  delving  behind  CnATEATiBRiAin). — 
P6or  Chateaubriand  had  been  landed  on  the  wild  shore  in  Cana- 
da from  a  boat  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  ran  into  the  woods  to  enjoy 
the  luxury  of  the  wild,  unstinted  freedom  of  Nature  in  all  her 
glory  of  forest  and  flowers;  and  in  the  ecstacy  of  excitement,  he 
was  hugging  the  trees,  he  tells  us,  when  he  heard  a  loud  and 
rumbling  roar,  which  alarmed  and  brought  his  mind  back  to  earth 
frqm  elysium,  tod  caused  him  to  run  to  his  eomradee  in  the  boat  to 
see  what  was  the  matter^  The  alarm,  he  said,  had  been  causelese : 
It  was  only  the  tide  coming-in!  This  is  not  worse  than  Oliv^ 
Goldsmith,  good  honest  fellow  as  he  was,  who,  in  an  old  and  hon* 
ored  school  book,  gave  a  very  fair,  true  and  faithful  description  of 
Niagara  Falls — the  perpendicular  height  and  vastnees  of  the  col- 
uiiin  precipitated ;  and  then,  after  writing  all  this,  and  seeing  what 
h^  had  written,  quietly  and  calmly  remarked,  that  notwithstanding 
the  height  of  the  fall,  and  the  power  of  the  current,  Indians  had 
been  known  to  pass  down  it  in  their  canoes  in  safety !    I  well  re- 


*  An  able  article  upon  the  tides  of  the  North  American  Lakes,  written  hj  the  late 
Col.  Hs3rnr  Whitiko,  of  the  IT.  6.  Army,  may  be  found  in  Siliiman^s  Journal,  and  also 
in  ffitlorical  and  Scientific  Sketches  of  Michigan..  Col.  Whitikg  argues  that  there  is  no 
sensible  lunar  tides  on  the  Lakes,  aad  is  sustained  in  this  opinion  hj  Gen.  Cass  and  HxK- 
KT  R.  SoHooLcsAFT,  Esq. ;  that  there  are  probably  planetary  influences  operating  on  the 
lake  waters,  but  that  the  changes  in  thelerel  of  the  waters  are  mainly  produced  by  at- 
mospheric phenomena. 


r 


63 

member  reading  it  in  mj  own  old  school  book,  fifty  years  ago,  and 
of  being  bothered  about  it ;  but  that  passage  about  the  canoes  has 
been  dropped  in  all  the  later  editions. 

The  fowl-game  at  Green  Bay  were  the  duck  and  prairie  hen — 
both  abundant.  The  ducks  used  to  rise  like  large  dark  clouds, 
subsisting  probably  on  the  wild  rice  growing  near  the  head  of  the 
Bay.  I  wonder,  by-the-by,  if  it  grows  there  still  1  The  Indian 
women  used  to  make  a  favorite  dish  of  wild  rice,  corn  and  fish, 
boiled  together,  and  called  Tassimanonny,  I  remember  it  to  this 
day  as  an  object  of  early  love. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Jan.,  1854. 
To  Lyman  0.  Drapkk,  Esq. 


APFOmiX  NO.  6. 


BECOLLECnONS  OF  A  TOUR  THROUGH  WISCONSIN 

IN  1883. 

BT  OOL.  0HABLE8  WHITTLSBET,  OF  EAGLE  HASBOB,  LAKE  8UPESI0IL 

In  the  Spring  of  1833,  vesselfl  Were  nnable  to  reach  the  Upper 
Lakes  until  the  first  week  in  Maj.  We  were  detained  at  Macki- 
naw a  few  hours,  and  were  landed  at  Green  Bay  about  the  15th 
of  that  month.  The  weather  was  cold  and  boisterous,  which 
rendered  the  delaj  at  fifackinaw  agreeable,  enabling  the  captain 
to  lay  in  a  supply  of  trout,  and  those  who  by  reason  of  sea  sick- 
ness had  found  the  stomach  a  vety  uncomfortable  place,  to  settle 
that  organ,  and  treat  it  to  a  little  food.  Here  we  found  the  garri- 
son and  the  inhabitants  in  a  state  of  the  most  pleasurable  excite- 
ment. Our  vessel  and  another  in  company  were  the  first  of  the 
season.  The  ice  had  left  that  part  of  the  Lake  long  since,  yet  no 
sail  had  made  its  appearance  in  these  waters  till  to-day.  During 
the  winter,  residents  upon  the  Island  are  in  a  state  of  complete  sep- 
aration from  the  rest  of  the  world.  The  postmaster  at  Detroit  was 
authorized  to  procure'a  foot-mail  once  a  month,  after  the  swamps 
and  rivers  were  su£Sciently  frozen,  and  a  Frenchman  sometimes 
succeeded  in  taking  a  letter-bag  through  the  wilderness,  but  pa- 
pers and  pamphlets  directed  to  this  quarter  spent  the  winter  in 
Detroit 


65 

The  first  veseel  therefore  brought  up  the  arrears  of  news,  and 
produced  those  who  had  escaped  Ih  the  fall  to  enjoj  lilb  aod  ci« 
vilization  in  Jthe  cities.  It  opened  a  passage  for  ^e  trader  who 
for  half  a  year  had  looked  out  npon  snow  and  ice^  to  flee  to  the 
i^Dial  sonth^promised  a  renewed  communication  with  friends  and 
kindred,  when  he  who  had  enjoyed  only  the  range  of  a  barren 
Island,  oonld  strike  across  the  J^akes  and  the  States  to  the  Sea,  min- 
gling with  old  comrades  and  new  friends.  When  transplanted 
from  the  contact  of  the  gleeful  Canadian  and  the  boisterous  Indi- 
an, he  could  taste  the  sweets  of  refinement,  and  partake  of  the  deli* 
ttous  and  chastening  society  of  accomplished  women. 

Such  had  been  the  delay  of  our  arrival  that  the  anxiety  of  these 
exiles  had  become  intense.  All  had  partaken  of  the  expecta- 
tion, from  the  officer  to  the  royagenr,  and  from  morning  till 
night  they  lingered  in  little  knots  upon  the  heights  about  old 
!Fort  Holmes,  straining  their  eyes  to  catch  the  first  glimpse  of 
the  first  topsail  on  the  clear  line  of  the  horizon.  A  dim  speck, 
the  canoe  of  the  Indian,  a  floating  log,  a  fragment  of  ice,  or 
6Ten  a  fleeting  ware,  by  force  of  imagination  and  hope,  right- 
ed up  into  a  mast-head  and  colors  peeping  across  the  eonvexity 
of  the  watery  surface. 

At  length  a  ship  makes  its  appearance,  and  under  full  press  of 
Mul  rounds  the  Island  of  Bois  Blanc,  and  stands  in  for  the  anchor- 
agfi.  Hie  passengers  from  its  deck  may  seen  commotion  among 
the  people  on  the  brow  of  the  hill,  the  swinging  of  hats,  and  the  war- 
ing of  handkerchiefs.  But  he  cannot  hear  the  acclamations,  the 
almost  frantic  shouts  of  the  Islanders. 

The  striped  banner  ascends  the  flag-staff  of  the  fortress,  while 
the  American  flag  greets  its  fellow  in  the  warings  of  the  breeze 
at  the  main  peak,  and  the  heaviest  gun  upon  the  works  awaking 
from  a  winter's  slumber,  sends  its  heavy  tones  along  the  shore. — 
As  the  first  boat  graees  the  pebbled  beach,  a  eongregatien  has 
elMtored  around  the  spot  Then  follows  the  hearty  gripe,  the 
Boul-felt  recognition,  and  the  silent,  yet  deep  congratulations  to 
which  every  organ  except  the  eye  refuses  utterance, 


66 

The  individual  who  had  seen  Mackinaw  (or  according  tolfoah 
Webster,  Michillimactinack)  as  early  as  1882,  had  been  to  tlid 
Verge  of  civilization,  and  was  expected  to  produce  a  description  iH 
detail.  By  the  rapid  enlargement  of  American  occupation,  it  hiis 
nbw  ceased  to  be  a  point  of  great  interest,  and  will  soon  attract  At* 
tdntion  only:  for  the  ^historical  reminiscences  that  attach  to  (h& 
name.  Always  the  resting  place  of  the  Indian  wandering  from  one 
Korthem  Sea  to  another,  his  camp-fire  was  seldom  extinguished 
npon  its  shore. 

About  1650,  the  countrymen  of  Father  Hennepin  and  La  SaRe 
came  along  to  dicker  for  furs,  mingling  the  gibberisVof  the  French- 
ihan  with  the  gntterals  of  the  native.  Ilien  the  Englishman  located 
himself  there,  with  a  half  civil,  and  half  military  possession  mi-* 
der  the  treaty  of  1763.  By  tbe  Eevolution,  the  Americans'  ac-' 
quired  title,  and  in  1794  obtained  possession  of  the  Island*^ 
The  military  occnpied  the  old  British  fort,  named  Holmes  by  the 
Americans,  in  the  rear  of  the  present  stockade,  until  1813,  when 
it  fell  by  surprise  into  the  handb  of  the  English.  The  issue  of  tW 
war  made  it  again  American  ground,  and  since  1819  a  sma&  gar^ 
risen  has  been  ill  occupation,  being  the  center  ot  ftir  trading  ope- 
rations in  the  North- West  till  within  two  years.f  It  was  the  neu- 
tral ground  of  the  Indian  who  came  from  beyond  the  Mississippi  to 
get  goods,  presents  and  whiskey,  and  the  harvest  ground  of  fh^' 
white  man  who  took  his  fors,  for  a  penny,  and  sold  them  to  hiH' 
bifother  or  siiter  for  a  pound. 

'  But  the  red  man  is  no  longer  congregated  here,  and  the  white 
man  has  gone  after  him  to  '^  Fond  du  Lac,"  at  the  extreme  of  Lake 
Superior.  The  garrison  is  therefore  unnecessary,  the  missionary  de- 
serted by  his  flock  removed  to  "  He  Point,"  everything  points  to 
the  speedy  decline,  if  not  the  abandonment  of  this  wild  spot  The 


*  Ths  Britiih  aeqairad  poafMtkm  of  MadkitiftV  in  1761»  hf  the  mtmtdtf  of  fAhtOk 
SBudiUdetpendeBctis;  aad  Detroit  and  JKaokinAW  iret0  cUtaiAtd  MBniiah  p9«lim«tfl« 
1796,  when  thej  were  daUvered  to  fbe  American  goTernment  under  the  pm?ttioM(ot 
Jaj's  Treaty.— L.  0.  D. 

t  That  is  to  my,  till  1836,  for  this  paper  was  written  by  Col.  WHirrLttn,  in  ISaa 


Island  is  limited  in  extent;  rockj  tod  steep,  the  main  land  adjacent 
rougli  and  moantftinons,  but  in  Bummer  a  moet  delightfal  resfdenoe* 
Hj  passage  through  Wiiconsin  resulted  from  employmeat  which 
detained  me  at  Green  Bay  till  September.  Kot  having  contem- 
plated a  description  of  any  thing  which  transpired,  or  which  I  saw 
in  that  region,  the  present  x)bseryation8  are  mere  gleanings  of  me* 
moij,  unassisted  by  a  i|ii)gle  note,  date  or  memor^ndvim.  They 
will.be  impressions  rather  than  facts,  the  remains  of  marked  inci- 
denta  and  eretnts  not  yet  obliterated  by  subsequent  affairs. 

Qnr  ^chooff^r  entered  tl^«)  Bay  darling  tbt  nij^ht,  nearing.  the 
anaatii  ol  Eoz;  rivei^,  where  the^  settlemeut  is,.  Wore  mornings 
Emerging  from  the  companion-way.  abont  sun-rise^  we  found  oar- 
selves  midway  from  each  shore,  distant  five  or  six  miles,  the  land 
sloping  on  either  hand  towiards  the  water.  IDnring  the  progress  of 
the  voyage  no  signs  of  vegetation  were  apparent,  and  the  "unVud* 
^d  trees  along  Lakes  Huron  and  Mid^iigsn  still  retained  the  bteak-^ 
ness  of  winter.  The  direct  i'ays  of  the  sun  illuniiiiated  the  wesb^ 
em  shore,  leaving  the  dark  shadows  of  morning  still  resting  upon** 
the  east.  Judge  of  our  surprise  and  pleasure,  when  at  tiie  fiM 
glance,  we  saw  the  forests  of  both  shores  clothed  with  youngleares, 
rich  in  the  velvet  green  of  spring.  We  had  left  di^  realnss  of 
rough  winds  and  floating  ice,  and  were  transferred  in  one  nightie 
calm  and  clear  waters,  and  the  gentle  fannings  of  a  southern  breeze; 
Our  latitude  was  higher  than  the  lowest  part  of  Lake  Huroto,  yet 
the  season  was  more  than  two  weeks  in  advance  of  that  ^^et^ 
Whether  the  original  discoverers  came  into  tiiis  pla<se  under  Ilka 
circumstances  and  gave  it  a  name  accordingly,  I  amnot'infbrmed'y, 
but  the  propriety  of  its  title  will  strike  every  one  who  does. 

The  garrison  is  situated  oa  the  west  side  of  Fox  rirer,aboat  ona 
mile  from  its  mouth.  The  old  settlement  occupies  both  sides  e( 
the  river  for  about  eight  miles.  Opposite  to  Fort  Howard  the 
tawnof  KavariHiO  had  bean  built  on  paper,  and  some  good  houses 
W€Te  aetaally  completed.  The  old  vilkige  oft  <*^  Shanty  Town/' 
otherwise  "Menominee,^  already  showed  symptoms  of  adeeline,. 
being  two  miles  further  up  the  river.    Around  the  head  of  tha> 


Baji  the  land  ia  a  wet  prairie  and  marsh,  wif;h  long  grasa,  famish- 
ing naufiketoes  in  inexpressible  numbers.  Bat  the  land  on  the 
east  of  the  Bay  rises  gradually  from  the  water's  lerel,  covered 
with  scattering  oaks  and  occasional  thickets  of  low  tim- 
ber. It  is  a  limestone  region,  supporting  a  good  soil,  which  bears 
in  many  places  the  marks  of  ancient  cultivation.  In  the  direction 
of  Duck  Creek  there  is  some  poor  land.  But  receding  from  the 
river  and  the  Bay  on  all  sides,  there  will  be  found  a  fine  agricul- 
tural country.  The  bottom  lands  are  occupied  by  descendants  of 
the  French,  who  were  here  about  a  century  and  a  half  ago.  Their 
locations  aro  n  the  French  style,  narrow  upon  the  tiver,  and  nm- 
ning  back  great  distances.  Beyontl  these  claims,  most  of  the 
country  lies  in  a  state  of  nature. 

iie  llenominee  la^^^ns  had  but  lately  held  the  title  to  most  of 
it|  for  a  circuit  of  sixty  miles>  raising  a  fe.w  patches  of  miserable 
coru,  on  the  low  grounds.  About  eight  miles  south-wept,  a  party 
of  Stockbridge  *  Indiaas  had  been  located  by  government,  and 
were  in  the  cultivation  of  lands  as  a  civilized  community.  At 
the  Great  Kakalin,  about  twenty  miles  up  the  Fox  river,  a  mis- 
sionary establishment  succeeded  in  bringing  xoAnj  of  the  Me* 
nominees  to  clear  land,  build  comfortable  cabins,  and  practice  tho 
art  of  husbandry.  Some  half-breeds  occasionally  preferred  a  hut 
to  a  wigwam,  and  raised  a  little  com,  and  a  few  potatoes.  With 
these  e:]|ceptions,  this  interesting  tribe  existed  in  a  Btate  of  worse 


*  Or  nih«r  cUaflj'  OneidM.  B«t.  Eltanr  Williatss,  with  a  doptiaUon  of  the 
Qseidast  £nt  Tuitrd  the  Orain  Baj  region  v^ith  a  new  to  finding  a  new  home,  in  the 
•ummar  of  18S0.  Reporting  favorably,  in  August  18dl,  Williams  sgain  repaired  to 
Green  Bay,  himself  as  the  deputy  of  the  St.  Begis  Indian^,  accompanied  by  a  delega* 
tiim  of  0&tiilas,;Btodcbiidge%  OBOftdagMii^  Seneoaa,  and  HvQsees,  who  n^ 
the  ICanomoneel  and  Winnebagees,  and  purchased  a  conalderable  territory  from  then. — 
In  September,  1822,  this  territoiy  wss  largely  increased  by  an  additional  purchase 
The^Kew  York  Indians  emigrsted  from  time  to  time  in  bands,  and  settled  on  their  pnr-^ 
chsae.  The  writer  of  tiiis  note,  well  remembers  seeing  a  party  ef  Onaidss  pSHfoft 
thitni^  Loclpert^  K.  T.,  on  ettnl  boats,  on  tiisfr  way  to  Omja  Bay  in  1S06  or  iaSV7» 
aftd  mncA^g  tfasm  weresome  very  prat^,  w^  behaved  ibmale%  dressed  in  the  costume 
of  the  whites.  x..  c.  n. 


69 

than  savage  wretchedness.  They  are  natili^allj  a  ^ood  hatured 
people,  and  less  ferocious  than  their  Northern  brethren.  The  In- 
dian thirst  for  fire-water,  however,  reigD^d  With  them,  even  bd« 
yoBd  tke  ntMl  £imfc  of  i|boriginal  tdiaife.  Ab  a  eondtM|iiQi»ce, 
•mnrdieiB  -wtin  of  oomsiuia  ooetrreM^,  aad^  vAtn  Mmmilltod  fae^OAd 
the  iwaeh  or  knowfedge  ot  sAsntima  maHhowUiiUf  werti  Jiot  wMnpOi- 
ioBslj  notieed. 

In  person,  they  are  of  a  tljick-set  frame,  less  tall,  and  in  better 
condition  than  most  Indians,  and  at  least  equally  indolent  Hie 
thief  is  not  so  common  a  character  with  them,  as  with  many  other 
tribes.  Their  attachment  to  the  TTnited  States,  has  not  beei^  ex- 
ceeded by  any  Indian  people.  But  the  gratification  of  a  nev^ 
Batisfied  craving  for  whiskey,  has  debased  them  to  £he  lowest  point 
of  human  degradation.  Osheosh  was  at  this  time  hereditary  chief, 
'and  about  twenty-one  years  of  age.*  He  was  a  young  chief,  of 
strong  sense,  a  murderer  of  one  of  his  tribe,  anil  a  lover  of  strong 
drink.  In  council,  he  withheld'  his  speech  till  late  in  the  debate, 
but  spoke  with  firmness  aqd  eflfect.  The  Geizzlt  BEAEf  Is  well 
known  as  the  orator  of  the  the  nation.  He  had  a  commanding 
manner  in  'speech,  but  his  talk  exhibited  more  of  the  energetic 
declaimer  than  the  speaker.'  There  was  in  his  character  little  to 
admire,  being  a  great  drunkard.  His  wife  lay  at  night  in  the  wi^- 
Vam  asleep,  when  he  came  in,  ferocious,  and  overcome  by  liquor, 
and  made  a  pass  at  her  head  with  Ms  tomahawk.  The  hatchet 
grazed  the  side  of  her  head,  through  the  unsteadiness  of  his  aim, 
and  sank  into  the  earth.    This  wa&  not  occasioned  by  any  quarrel 


*  OsHKOSH  was  much  older.  In  tf arch  1855,  he  repirm^ntod  hittfelf  to  tie  ibety  yeHn 
of  age,  aod  Utose  irlio  know  Mib  i»7/ll«l  ho  9fp*um  to  be  about  thatege.  Bit  tdkie 
nd  «kftfeol  Joasn*  Onwot  $xe  ilMied  to  the  lieat^of  Siitlodee  H^rti^  in  AugM 
1827.  Oshkosh  ngnifiee  ^mre.  The  ages  flt  oth^  Menomooee  ohiefii  at  thb  tii^e. 
Hard),  1853,  are— Sovliont,  Head  War  Chief,  70  ;  CAaaoir,  55 ;  Ka-Moltb,  42 ;  Osh- 
x»i»n-irAW-irniw»  or  the  3Wi^  Man,  49;  AH*»E-«ro-TO-w^,  a7;  Show-ki^it,  or 
aUvefj  38 ;  Oas-a-oas-o-x*oat,  45.    See  MUwmkee  SsnHnel,  March  8, 1855..     l  o. jd. 

t  KAvas-JtAVKQ-if AnnB,  or  CfrMp  Bfiar,  eigoed  the  treat&ea  of  1831  and  1883,  botoot 
that  at  Cedar  Pohkt  in  1836— and  hence  was  not  probably  then  liriog.  l.  a  d. 


or  mulioe  against  ber,  and  the  blow  wa$  not  repoat^d.  The  taking 
of  life  in  that  waj,  is  a  common  ocenrrence,  resulting  from  an  in- 
herent blood-tbirstinessi  roused  into  action  by  ezcessire  drink. 

At  ^^ShuAtf  Tixwn"  tbeve  iraa  ah  Episcopal  Miarien,  r%ry  ably 

iMftdiietedbif  Ber.  Ifa'O' n Ute  praipeot  of  enlbrdiigGiTi- 

IkailiM  waa  oartaialif  >  dkooiUHgiiig,  and  in  exaiii]ii«tiaD  of  tii^ 

achool)  thongh  it  exhibited  the  highest  proo&  of  theperseveranaie, 
and  bf^nevolence^  of  its  con^qctors,  l^ft  no  room  to  doubt  the  en- 
tiM  failure,  oi  a  scheme  so  dear  to  American  philanthropists.    It 
,jfi  not  necessary  to  determine,  whether  the  Indian  is,  by  a  rule  of 
beayen,  destined  to  r^ect  forever  the  blessings  of  education  and 
.  agriculture^  but  it  Qeems  plain  that  before  he  will  secure  them,  hia 
present  feeling  must  undergo  a  radical  change.    I^  it  ai'ose  from  a 
-mere  want  of  ability,  or  simple  indiiSerence,  a  hope  of  ultimate 
•!  Buccess  might , be  indulged.    The  condition  of  his  intellect  is  sound, 
,  but  the  inclination  of  his  mind  is  adyers^.    There  is  an  affected 
stupidity,  an  obstinate  resistance,  in  relation  to  the  reception  of 
f all  learning;  an  innate  distaste  to  all  mental  application,  which 
.  hermetically  seals  up  the  talent  of  the  race.    If  by  any  fortune, 
they  had  faUan  prisoners  into  the  hands  of  the  ancient  nations,  aa 
the  spoils  of  conquest,  and  their  native  indolence  had  been  over- 
come by  servitude,  and  the  lash,  as  with  the  Helots  of  Greece,  a 
few  generations  would  have  resulted  in  an  amalgaimation  of  blood, 
'.  an  exaltation  of  character,  and  the  heroes,  the  oratOra,  and  the 
admirals,  of  the  subduing  pation,  would  have  borne  the^mixture  in 
:  their  veins.    Perhaps  the  same  result  would  not  follow  a  course 
equally  rigorous  and  unjust,  if  adopted  between  the  American 
and  the  Indian,    But  an  entjire  revolution  is  to.  take  place  in  the 
tandeocy  of  their  present  career,  if,  a  century  hence,  the  only 
Hying  monuments  of  the  red  race,  east  of  the  Booky  MoantainB, 
shall  not  be  the  half-breed  and'  his  descendants. 

As  has  been  observed,  the  original  white  settlers  ot  Ae  Talley 
of  the  Fox  river  were  French.  In  point  of  refinement  and  enter- 
pri0e,fhey  Were  advane^d  a  degree  above  the  abor^ines  with 


71 

whom  they  intermarried.  They  ^e  a  very  brisk,  lirely  people, 
yrbo  dancei  sing,  driak,  and  run  horaes,  in  winter  drawing  a  mea- 
,(3^  sustenance  from  the  soil  and  the  fur  trade*  Ibere  are  now, 
^Qljrever,  some  very  reapeotable  and  educated  person^  in  that  r^- 
^inity,  of  Indian  and  French  parentage. 

Paring  thie  spring,  &6  ^^Britiah.Band"  of  the  Saes  and  Fmss 
i^etmzied  to  their  groands  on  Sook  lUvier,  in  Illinois,  which  gare 
prjse  to  a  IxMcder  war*    Tfae  oircumitaaoea  ci  this  aflbir  have  been 
so  varioqely  stated,  that  it  is  diflleult  to  eome  at  the  truth.    An 
important  matter,  to  be  settled  on  the  part  of  the  United  Btiites, 
by  the  expedition,  was  at  that  time  considered  to  be,  the  pqnis]^- 
ment  for  murders  committed  at  Fort  3neUiDg  the  fSfdl  previous,  by 
a  party  of  Sanks  and  Fo^es  upon  a  body  of  Menpminees*    H^e 
assailants,  ancient  enemies  of  the  Menpminees,  came  i^p  the  river 
ailently  daring  the  night,  and  sprang  upon  the  lodges  so  secretly 
that  the  sentinels  of  the  fort,  though  within  cannon  range,  had  no 
notice  of  their  approach  till  the  butchery  began.    It  was  near  di^ 
light  in  tho  morning,  and  the  offending  party  escaped  before  a 
'  force  could  reach  the  spot.    The  Henominees  were  faithful  friends 
of  &e  United  States,  and  considered  themselves  under  their  pro- 
tection.    Justice  required  the  interposition  of  our  government  to 
punish  the  murderers,    and  good  policy  demanded  that  these  two 
Indian  tribes,  full  of  the  bitterest  enmity,  should  not  be  suffered 
to  wage  war  among  our  frontier  settlements.  The  Menominees  were 
reetrained  in  executing  their  vengeance,  and  promised  that  the 
murderers  should  be  obtained,  and  tried.    The  Sauks  refused  to 
deliver  them  up,  a  measure  which  of  itself  would  probiably  have 
led  to  a  conflict  if  persisted  in. 

In  the  mewtime,  the  return  .of  Bljudx  Hawk  took  place,  and 
the  Illinoie  militia  made  an  attaek  upon  him  at  the  Sycamore 
Oreek.  The  defeat  of  the  whites  at  this  place  encouraged  the  In* 
dians  and  exasparated  the  frontier-men,  putting  an  end  to  all  hopes 
of  an  amicable  arrangment  If  this  rash  affair  had  not  happened, 
there  is  very  little  doubt  but  a  reconciliatfon  might  have  been  ef- 
tected.    Bljlck Hawk  was  opposed  to  war.    He  had  seen  the  pow- 


73 

er  of  tbewtitcB,  but  bkymngmen  had  not.  He  was  over-ruled  by 
CheiDy  anstafned  as  thej  were  by  Nahpopb  the  Head  Chief,  and  tbe 
Pbophbt,*  who  was  ahalf-breed^Pottawatamie  priest  of  great  in- 
floenoe.  Bnt  when  pnt  at  the  head  of  their  forces'as  the  first  War 
Ohief  of  the  nation,he  determined  to  make  the  most  of  circamstan- 
ass,  and  when  Gwersl  AnaHsour  sent  him  a  talk,  nrging  him  to 
yield  without  bloodshed,  and  stating  <Hhat  his;troops  would  sweep 
oyer  them  like  the  fire  etw  the  prairies/'  the  old  chief  replied 
'<that  ha  would  find  the  grass  green,  and  not  easily  burned.'' 

When  the  Banks  and  Foxes  had  retreated  as  far  up  Rock  rivet 
as  Lake  Eoshkonong,  the  settlement  at  Oreenj  Bay  began  to 
feel  apprehensions.  The  picketing  of  Port  Howard  had  become 
rotten,  and  much  of  it  was  removed.  There  were^but  two  compa- 
nies in  the  garrison,  one  of  which  left  for  Fort  Winnebago  about 
]nid«snmmer. 

Preparations  were  made  for  receiving" the  citizens  and  their 
property  within  the  stockade,^having  been  patched  out,  by  hori- 
xontal  timbers,  across  the  curtains.  There  was  very  little  cause 
however,  for  alann,  surrounded  as  we  were  by  Menominees^  who 
could  muster  a  respectable  band  of  warriors,  and  only^waited  for 
permission  to  do  so.  But  the^settlement  was  kept*  in  a  state  of 
anxiety,  during  most  of  the  summer,  by  false  news,  business^and 
travel  being  in  a  measure  suspended. 

During  this  year,  no  steam'boat  ^came  to  the  Bay,  and  vessels 

•M  Oiit  iMgtt  isgoingUiroiighflia  pr««»  the  nob]«  portndUof  Blaoc  Haw^,  Us  fimi^ 
and  the  Peofhit,  ptrnted  hj  Robkrt  M.  Sullt,  have  safelj  uriyed^and  been  pheedm 
tl»  rooBit  of  the  State  HmroaicAL  Sooiitt.  ITlum  of  Ki.8M.A.wjtt,or  Loim  Tmm^ 
MB.aosofBLACKHiirK»tDd  WA-n-cu-KA,  Of  Ths  LiQBT  OtOTO,  bvUsT  koown  ■■ 
the  PMrm.s»«ri|pnal%taktn  from  life,  i«  Maj  1838,  at  Port««  Meoroe,  Old  Pofait 
Comfort.  Va.;  end  that  of  MAE-EA-TAi-if«H.aH|.EA-KA.  or  Black  Hawk,  ia  a  copy  fi^m 
the  oHgfinal  takeo  at  the  tame  Ume— the  copy  being  deemed,  in  tone  and  ezecuUon,  aope- 
nortotheorifinal.  The  ooantenance  of  the  Pbophet  indicates  a  malignant  leer, 
whidwwith  his  dark  maaaire  loek%  la  in  peHcct  keeping  with  hie  chanleter;  wlnla  old 
Blace  Hawe  exhibita  a  nobK  baaeyolent,  inteUectnal  phjnognom j,  ao  vaU  bafittins 
one  of  N  ATUEE8  KoBLEMit.  Thow  ia  nothing  particularly>emarkable  in  the  appenraaett^ 
of  Black  Ha  WE  BIS  Sox. 


reached  there  but  Beldom.  The  troops  under  General  ^oorr,  who 
were  expected  to  enter  the  country  through  this  point,  engaged 
most  of  the  Upper  X^ke  craft,  and  instead  of  proceeding  by  way 
of  the  Fox  rirer^  landed  at  Chicago.  Under  these  circumstances 
time  passed  slowly.  \ 

About  the  first  of  Stptember,  after  pioenriag  horses  and  eqaiji* 
mants^  a  stock  of  prbvisioiiB^blanketSi  ^eoffee,  and  liqoor,  a  eoai- 
psBj  of  foor  todc  their  departure  for  the  Portage.  The  load  sinoe 
oonstmcted  between  Forts  Howard  and  Wiimebago,  not  being 
ihen  laid  ont,  onr  route  lay  along  the  FiooE  riyer.  The  station  we 
had  just  left)  thoogh  sufficiently  endowed  by  nature,  had  nothing 
in  its  then  coodisioii  to  came  regtet  on  leaving  it  Had  the  contra- 

-  Tj  been  the  case^  the  pleasant  assMvy  of  the  rirer  and  the  singular 
mixture  oC  eiyilitttian  and  barbarism  eihibitsd  by  the  few  peo- 
ple we  saw ;  the  uausoal  oomj^infttion  of  valley  and  hill,  of  prairie 

-  and  woodland,  that  distinguished  Oxb  country,  would  have  banish- 
ed all  regret  During  ttie  second  dqr,  we  passed  some  most 
lorely  situations  on  the  banks  of  the  riyer.  The  most  romantic 
boarding-sehool  miss  never  imagined  a  more  enohtating  display 
of  nature.  The  oonntry  was  elevated  into  rolling  meadows  fifty 
or  sixty  feet  from  the  bed  of  the  stroam,  and  covered  with  scat- 
tered oaksi  beneath  which  the  ooarse  grpiss  flourished  in  high  lax- 
nriance. 

This  river  is  obstructed  by  four  considerable  falls,  beside  rapids, 
but  the  only  communication -ftw-goods^,  provisions,  &c.,  to  the  milita- 
ry and  trading  posts  in  that  quarter,  is  by  navigation  on  this  stream. 
At  high  water,  a' small  river  boat,  of  fifteen  to  twenty  tons,  is  pushed 
against  the  current,  till  it  comes  to  a  fell,  or  **  chute ;"  the  cargo 
is  here  taken  out  until  the  "  voyageurs"  can  force  the  craft  up  the 
rapid  by  main  strength.  In  low  water,  it  h  with-  difficulty  a  bark 
canoe  will  swim.  An  Indian  farm  showed  itself  occasionally  On 
its  banks,  but  our  path  generally  lay  through  a  wild  pasture,  well 
stocked  with  the  prairie  hen.  Neat  night  we  passed  the  «  Little 
Butte  des  Morts,"  or  StU  qf  the  Dead,  where  the  treaty  of  18iT 
10 


74 

t 

was  held.  It  is  a  large  monnd  apparently  arti^cial,  on .  the  snm- 
'nilt  of  which  BtiU  stood  the  flag-staff  of  the  American  oommis- 
sioners*  The  mound  is  reputed  to  contain  the  relicp  of  departed 
warriors.  Early  ^n  the  day,  we  had  crossed  a^  open  space  of  a 
few  acres,  where  the  Sauks  once  met  the  French  in  battle  ;  which, 
contained  several  small  mounds,  but  apparently  the  result  of 
wtvads  Botiiig  upon  &  li|^t  loiL  We  slept  pi:  a  hut  on  tfaesonthem 
4bare  of  LaJ^e  ITinnabagov  J^^"^  irh^M  ibe  ¥q^,  river  itaiptiM  inlD 
rat  Ftom  &e  rapids  bdow  the  Lake  to  ibe  Portage,'  diis  stroowlB 
^ilDggishy  and  thoogh  crooked,  is  of  sitfficientidieptk  far  tnttqwr- 
clotioa  of  boats.  Itisxsther^a'  snecession  of  shallow  kdoes  than  « 
^oOQtiuiiOQS  river,  beaoringitho  wild  rice  in  oadl^ss  p^usloB.  This 
plant  strongly  resembies  ithe  southoni.  rite  m  the  kemel,  and 
M  somewhat  In  taste,  furnishing  exdeUsBt  food  for  ducks  and  I&* 
.4ians^  .  Where  the  wsitor  is^stiU,  it  comas  ap  from  a  depth  of  ton 
^|o  fifteen  feet,  extending  abova  iha  snHaee,  m  a  dense  gns^ 
.mass,  abqut  as  high  as  grown  flax.  la  the  iall  and  winter,  tfie  la- 
,dian  pushes  his  oanoa  throng  it,  and  Ihaka&out  the  eead  over  the 
;.gmwale  into  his  boat*  It  als6  serves  to  ishelter  hitn  in  his  innd- 
;ions  designs  against  the  wild  ducibB,  who  oongregate  among  it, 
7«od  lay  daim  to  What  they  nriah  to .  eat.  After  pushing  oar  way 
-in  aiflai  tfaiovgh.  aithick^growth  of  fliis  vegetable,  aboat  two 
.^jnilas^  t^e  were  on  the^poolte  shore  of  the  river,  near  the  spot 
where  the  father  of  ^^Obizzlt  Beab"  is  said  to  have  lived,  xaissd 
pumpkins  and,  entertained  the  whites. 

.  Sere  commences  a  low>  rolIing.p^na  that  contiimed,  about  fif- 
ty miles.    The  t^ail  passed  two  Winnebago  Tillages,  one  of.  which 
I  was  called  Yellow  XBU27Pia»,.f^om  ifu  diijdf.    Xhe  Wiunebagois 
^  the  reverse  of  a  Menominee..  Tall i^  figure,  haiUgl^tyi^ his mein, 
.  proud  of  his  nationality,  aqd  ever  ready  f^ir  war,  he  indulges  in 
f  less  drink  and  idleness  than  hi^  neig]p^l^or,  practises  theft  and  niur- 
der,  and  repulses  the  advance  of  the  white  xnan.    We  had  too  of- 
'  ten  seen  their  treachery, and  dnplicitjr,.to  beanxious  to  spend  Apeh 
.  <Wfi  with  thien^and  would  ];iava  beoA  qi^ite.  williag  that  they,  had 
-.dispensed  with  following  ua  out  of  tbe  vilj^tge  on  horseback.*— 


76 

Though  professedly  friendly,  thej  had  acted  as  purYeyors  and 
spies  to  the  Sauks  and  Foxes  dmiDg  the  entire  campaign.  For 
this  reason,  they  had  been  refused  admittance  into  the  forts  at 
Green  Bay  and  Winnebago,  which  apparently  grieved  them  very 
much.  But  they  only  waited  for  a  safe  opportunity  to  appear  as 
.beUigerents  among  Black  Hawk's  band,  and  if  thejr  had  scceeded 
In  entering  Fort  Winnebago,  were  to  remain  till  an.  assault  could 
be  made  from  without,  and  join  in  the  fight  The  rations  dealt 
t>ut  occasionally  to  friendly  Indians^  at  the  frontier  postsby  order 
of  the  governmtot,  were  by  them  carried  into  the  Sauk  camp. 
Many  of  the  murders  charged  to  the  Jatter,  were  actually  commit- 
ted by  them,  and  particularly  the  cattle  and  goods  so  frequently 
stolen  from  the  settlers  by  supposed  enemies,  were  in  truth  appro- 
priated by  these  professed  friends. 

-  We  arriyedat  Fort  Winnebago  late^at  ^igbt,  having  ^made  one 

.hondrea  and  forty.  BBiiles  in  two  and  a  Jialf  days^    Fifty  nxiles  of 

f this  day's  trarel  1^  in  a  reeling  pcairie,  over  which  a  two-horse 

rearriage  travelled  in  company,  lalthoQgb  no  raa<l  hftd  been  coa- 

.atmcted.    Nothing  occurred,  to  hinder  tb^  progress  of  a  Tehiicle 

except  an  occasional  marsh.    On  the  right  of  our  track  lay  At  ir- 

■zqapular  distanqes.^e  Fox  river,  and  ^'Qpukwa''  or  JRice  Jjofkes, 

whkh  were  distantly  seen  as  we  rpse  the,  ,^wella  of  the  countiy. 

The  ga^ison  is  at  the  portage  between  the  Fox  and  .Wisconsin 

fiv^TBy  on  a  handsome  rise,  overlooking  the  .immediate  valley  of 

potb  streams.    This  valley  is  a  nieadow  or  swanpp  abooJi  half  a  mile 

^fbcroBS,  over  which  the  waters  of  both  diaimels  mingle  in  time  of 

jSoody  floating  boats  from  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  to  the  val- 

*Unf  of  the  I^akes.    Goods  destined  far  posts  on  the  Fpper  Missis- 

.sippi; from  the  east^.are  here  c^ted  across  and  committed  to  the 

cnrrent  of  the  Wisconsin.    This  rivep  h^a  capacity  &xr  steamboat 

navigation,  but  is  fiilled  with  moveable  sand  bars  from  tha  portage 

toitsn^oAfa. 

Fro«Q  the  fort  there  were^trtv^ed  romih  leading  to  the  Missis- 
•  «ippf«t  Prairie  dn  Ohien^oirForfi  OraWford^  at  the  soouth  of  Fever 
-  Biver  neat  Galena,  ahd  at  other*  pqints*    After  two  days rest^  we 


T« 

took  the  route  for  Galena  by  way  of  the  "Bine  Mounds."  At  the 
distance  of  about  fifteen  miles  in  a  south-westerly  direction,  the 
traveller  discovers  that  he  has  impercetibly  attained  an  elevation 
commanding  the  timbered  valley  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  from 
which  the  stockade  and  white  houses  of  the  garrison  are  distinct- 
ly visible.  On  the  east  and  north-east  the  Baribou hills  rise  out  of 
the  flat  woodland  and  stretch  away  northwardly  towards  Lake  Su- 
perior. He  stands  upon  an  eminence  of  five  hundred  feet,  sloping 
gently  down  on  all  sides,  covered  with  waving  grass.  On  the 
east  and  south  as  far  as  the  eye  can  aistinguish,  he  perceives  a 
succession  of  similar  hills,  their  rounded  summits  ranging  irregu- 
larly around,  not  a  tree,  nor  a  stone,  nor  any  fixed  object,  to  be 
seen  in  the  whole  prospect.  In  the  spacious  valleys  that  inter- 
vene, millions  of  small  flowers  mingle  their  bright  colors  with  the 
green  of  the  meadows,  chastening  and  ruralizing  the  scene.  An 
excitable  person  would  exclaim  at  the  sublimity  of  such  a  pros- 
pect, having  the  grandeur  of  a  mountain  without  its  loftiness,  and 
the  command  of  the  sea  without  its  monotony.  A  painter  wouW 
pass  from  the  grand  outlines  and  dwell  with  delight  upon  tibe 
beauty  of  its  details. 

It  was  through  such  a  country,  varied  by  a  few  small  lakes,  that 
we  spent  this  day.  We  started  a  plenty  of  grouse,  and  frequent- 
ly saw  the  deer  quietly  feeding  on  the  hill  sides,  secure  from  our 
rifles  in  the  distance.  The  sight  of  a  prairie  wolf  was  not  an  un- 
common thing.  This  animal  difiTers  materially  from  the  common 
wolf,  being  less  in  size,  of  a  gray  color,  and  wanting  in  speed.  It 
feeds  upon  the  mice  and  small  animals  of  the  low  prairie,  seldom 
assaulting  the  fitrm  yard.  He  is  less  ferocious  than  the  fox-tsfled 
wolf,  and  may  be  soon  overtaken  with  a  fleet  horse.  Their  uni- 
form practice  in  regard  to  us,  after  running  away  at  a  moderate 
step  a  couple  of  hundred  yards,  was,  to  face  about  and  examine  the 
company.  There  were  no  Indians  along  the  route.  The  Winne- 
bagoes,  following  their  established  customs,  had  abandoned  tibeir 
allies  after  their  deisat  at  the  ^^  Bad  Axe  "  about  four  weeks  previ- 
ous, and  were  in  pursuit  of  tbe  fugitives  who  had  made  off  nerfli- 
wardly  during  the  engagement,  towards  the  Sioux  country. 


n 

At  iiight  we  slept  uppn  the  ground  occnpied  by  a  war-partj  of 
the  Menominees  a  fortnight  preyions^  on  the  banks  of  a  cl^ar  lit- 
tle brook.  The  transparency  of  ranning  water  in  the  prairie  dis- 
taictSy  is  a  matter  of  general  surprise.  A  glass  of  this  liquid  taken 
&om  Apple  CfQekj  a  stream  about  sizty  links  wide,  which  puts 
into  the  Mississippi  from  the  east,  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  below 
Galena,  wonld  not  suffer  by  a  comparison  of  its  purity  and  cleai^ 
Hess,  with  the  water  of  Lake  Huron.  The  war  party  had  left  a 
good  supply  of  odd  fire-brands  and  chunks,  for  the  purposes'  of 
our  cookery  and  evening  comfort.  They  had  beaten  down  the 
grass,  making  a  smooth  place  for  our  blankets,  upon  which  were 
deposited  our  bodies,  after  the  Indian  fashion. 

This  tribe,  though  not  in  a  war-like  mood,  had  become  impatient 
of  the  delay  attending  the  subjugation  and  punishment  of  their 
late  murderous  and  ancient  foes,  the  Sauks.  They  had  col- 
lected their  warriors  at  the  Agency,  three  miles  up  the  Fox  river 
from  Fort  Howard,  anxious  to  avenge  themselves.  Col.  Stak- 
B^UGB,  the  agent,  had  at  length  promised  them,  if  the  war  was 
not  ended  by  a  certain  date,  that  they  might  march  under  his  di- 
rection to  the  Wisconsin  and  take  part  in  the  work  of  our  troops. 
Their  progress  en  route  was  about  twenty  miles  a  day,  marchii\g 
in  a  single  file,  which  of  course  left  a  distinct  trail  upon  the  ground. 
Our  own  n\en  made  twenty-seven  miles  a  day  on  foot  over  th^ 
same  country.  About  sun*down  the  Indian  soldiers  would  collect 
themselves  at  a  convenient  spot,  generally  near  a  thicket,  and  al- 
ways near  water.  They  build  fires,  and  set  up  a  row  of  posta  or 
crotc)}es  in  front,  and  lay  poles  from  one  to  the  other,  as  a  protec* 
tiou  against  the  enemy.  After  the  evening  meal,  they  frequently 
hold  a  dance  about  the  leading  chief,  accompanied  by  a  due  pror 
portioB  of  songs,  and  threats  against  the  foe.  Then  all  compose 
themselves  in  perfect  security  about  the  fires,  entrusting  the  guar- 
dianship of  the  camp  to  the  watchfulness  of  their  little  dogs.  Sen- 
tinels wore  sometimes  persuaded  to  take  post  a  few  yards  in  ad- 
yance ;  but  they  also  betook  themselves  t;o  their  blankets,  and 
elept  till  day-light. 


TS 

It  was  now  e^rly  in^  September,  and  everything  conspired  to 
nerve  the  system  and  animate  the  senses.  Tlie  skj  had  not  shown 
a  cloud  for  many  days ;  the  air  was  cooled  by  an  ever  nioving 
breeze ;  countless  flowers  shone  in  purple  and  gold  about  us,  and 
wherever  we  chose  to  move,  the  ground  was  Arm  and  smooth  as  A 
turnpike.  A  new'and  unmingled  pleasure  diffused  itself  through 
the  company,  of  which  even  the  animals  seemed  to  partake. 

The  path  wopjid  around  the  northern  shores  of  the  Four  La^kes,^ 
from  which  "Gen.  Dqdgb,  with  a  band  of  mounted  militia  of  the 
mining:  district,  had  lately  driven  the  remnant  of  Black  Hawk's 
force.  The  scattering  trails  of  the  retreating  Indians  were  stilf 
distinct.  Sometiuies  they  would  all  converge  into  one  broad  and 
plain  track,  then  again  radiate  in  diffetent  directions,  continually 
branching  and  spreading  over  the  country,  dwindling  to  a  mere] 
trace,  "this  resulted  from  their  method  of  travel,  sometimes  in  a 
body,  then  in  classes,  these  again  subdivided,  and  so  on,  for  the 
double  purpose  of  deceiving  their  pursuers  in  regard  to  their  true 
route,  and  also  of  dispersion  and  escape  in  case  of  attack.  Xt 
proved  one  of  the  greatest  annoyances  and  hindrances  of  the  ex- 
pedition. *  In  the  present  instance,  delay  on  the  part  of  General 
t>6DGE  became  a  matter  of  life  and  death.  From  April  till  th6 
latter  part  of  July,  they  had  evaded  the  white  forced.  During  tiiig 
jieriod,  they  had  teen  driven  but  little  over  an  hundred  miles,  thai! 
Is,  from  the  Sycamore  Creek  to  the  Four  Lakes.  Much  of  the 
time  their  exact  position  conld  npt  be  known.  TRbey  Were  now 
suffering  by  famine,  and  found  it  necessary  to  cr6S8  the  Wisconsin 
into  the  timber  country  north  of  that  stream,  for  subsistence.  Prob- 
ably there  is  not  a  known  instance  where  attachment  to  a  eflfuse 
and  to  a  leader  has  continued  under  circumstances  of  sudti  diB^^ 
(;oui»agement.  They  were  encumbered  with  women  and  drildren^ 
atid  had  been  so  closely  watched  for  two  months,  that  little  oppor- 
tunity occurred  to  fish  or  to  hnnt.  They  had  Ifved  upon  roots, 
botled  grass,  bark 'of  trees,  anything  capable  of  sustaining  life, 
tefbi^e  they  would  kill  the  horses  upon  which  the  squaws  and  pap* 
ooses  rode.    They  were  now  reduced  to  a  state  of  utter  starra- 


79 

tioB,  wiih  thirty  miles  of  country  to  be  traversed,  and  the  whites 
had  discoyered  their  camp-fires  the  night  previous  across  a  small 
lake.    If  the  J  could  cross  tlie  IfVlaconsin  before  an  attack  was. 
made,  the  fish  of  tbe  stream  would  furnish  them  a  meal,  and  the 
rfrer  itself  a  prote6tioa.    The  militia  were  in  motion  at  day-light, 
and  within  a  few  miles  of  the  forlorn  band.    Along  the.  trail  lay' 
the  bodies  of  famished  men,  women  and  children ;  some  dead, 
others  helpless  and  oxhansted  to  the  last  degree  by  fatigue  ahd 
Imnger.    These  wnetched  and  worn-out  creatures,  if  still  living, 
irsre  baybddtted  Yipbn  the  spbt.  The  exasper^ed  frontlerman  how' 
finding  hh  Tictitti  i^ithin  reach,'  hnbibed  the  fbrocrfy  of  his  enefmy, 
dealing  httfant  death  to  every  one  that  fell  in  his  power.    In  fkef,' 
eatty  in  the  i^aton,  Gen.  AmffsoH  had  fbond  it  necessary  to  place' 
H  gaard  <yv«r  hts  Indlam  prisoners,  in  order  tb  skve  their  lives.      ^ 

An  instance  is  known  6f  a  decrepid  old  man,  to  whom  a  loai 
of  bread  had  been  given,  and  he  suffered  to  depart.  He  had  not 
passed  out  of  hearing,  when  he  was  dispatched  by  the  bliyonet, 
arid  hi6  food  distributed  among  the  murderer^.  At  a  fight  near  the 
ICflsissip^i,  just  previous  to  the  final  action  at  the  Bad  Axe,  a  fine 
young  chief  ab6ut  fourteen  years  of  age,  was  taken,  with  silver 
bTaftelets  on  his  arm.  The  militia-man  who  cajptured  him  was  on-' 
1 J  prevented  from  butchering  him  on  the  spot,  by*  a  threat  from  a 
B6atdiitoti6f  the  reg^ftr  service,  that  his  otvn  life  should  instant- 
If  answer  for  ihat  of  the  pr&an6r.    '  ' 

In  such  plight  were  the  fhgftivesj  and  with  such  a  spirit  their  pur- 
Buers  were  rapidly  approaching.  The  foremost  of  the  noounte^ 
men  fell  in  with  the  scattered  divisions  of  the  enemy  about  two 
miles  from  the  Hver.  The.  party  attacked  fought  desperately,^ 
Hie  mounted  sqtiaws,  provided  with  rifies,  joined  in  th^  engage^ 
meAt,  and  tfie  main  body  succeeded  in  crossing,  with  the  loss  p£ 
about  thirty.    Their  fate  is  well^  known. 

Oa  the  second  day  we  passed  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Mound.  It  i« 
ahigh  hill  o^  regyilar  aBeent,<>v«]rlQQking  the  country,  and  aeTves  aa 
a  beacQu  to  tne  traveller  th^rtj^  x^il^a.^istanL  At  night,  we  a)ep| 
in  a  Block-House  in  the  mining  district.    "Within  sight  of  the  eta* 


80 

tion,  a  new!/  made  grave  lay  at  the  road-Bide  in  the  midst  of  a 
solitary  prairie.  The  person  over  whom  it  was  raised  had  ventur- 
ed too  far  from  the  house,  and  approached  a  thicket  of  bushes. 
Suddenly  a  band  of  concealed  Indians  spravg  upon  him,  with  the 
fatal  whoop  on  their  tongues ;  his  scalp,  heart,  and  most  of  his 
fiesh,  were  soon  stripped  from  the  bodj^  and  a  savage  dance  per- 
formed about  the  remains. 

The  country  is  still  prairie,  with  scattering  tufts  of  inferior  tim- 
ber. The  huts  of  the  miners  had  been  deserted  on  account  of  the 
difficulties  now  terminated,  and  the  business  of  making  lead  waa 
about  to  re^commence.  OcQasionally  a  farm  might  be  seen  run* 
ning  out  from  an  island  of  timber^  and  supplied  with  comfortable 
buildinjfs.  But  moat  of  the  improvements  were  of  a  temporary 
nature,  consisting  of  a  lead  furnace  and  the  cabins  adjacent  The 
process  of  reducing  lead  ore  is  very  simple  and  rapid.  The  furn- 
ace is  a  face  wall,  about  two  feet  thick,  located  upon  a  gentle  slope 
of  the  ground,  with  an  arch  or  passage  through  the  center;  on 
each  side  of  the  arched  opening,  and  in  the  rear  or  up-hill  side, 
two  wing  walls  run  out  transvcirsely  to  the  face  wall,  betweea 
which  the  wood  is  laid.  Ihe  ore  is  placed  upon  it,  and  a  continu- 
al fire  kept  up.  The  lead  gradually  separates  from  the  dross,  and 
runs  into  a  cavity  in  front  of  the  arch. 

The  '< Mining  District"  east  of  the  Mississippi,  nm^t  indade 
ten  thousand  square  miles.  Galena  or  lead  ore  is  found  m  veins 
or  threads,  more  often  in  a  square  form,  of  various  si2ses,andnin- 
ning  in  all  directions  with  the  horizon.  They  are  liable  to  disappear 
suddenly,  to  enlarge  and  diminish  in  size,  to  combine  with  other 
materials,  rendering  the  operations  of  mining  very  uncertain. 
Their  course  is  generally  straight  and  not  curved,  seldom  exceed- 
ing a  foot  in  breadth.  The  analysis  yields  85  to  90  per  cent  of 
lead,  of  which  the  first  smelting  of  tKe  furnace  extracts  about  To 
per  cent.  It  requires  skill  and  experience  to  discover  the  vein, 
but  very  little  of  either  to  work  it  when  diseovered.  The  lime- 
stone formation  of  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan  extends  to  this 
region,  embracing  copper  ore  at  ^Mineral  Point,**  tod  at  other 


81 

places.  At  this  time  the  government  leased  the  ground  ^  prae^ 
tical  ininere,  who  rendered  a  proportion  of  the  product  in  kind. 
In  consequence  of  the  derangements  of  the  times,  although  the 
snpplj  was  small,  lead  was  then  dull  at  three  cents  per  ponnd. 
The  Bupplj  appears  to  be  inexhaustible.  In  one  respeet,  this  re- 
gion difiers  from  the  mineral  regions  of  other  countries.  There 
are  but  few  veins  that  justify  a  pursuit  to  great  depths,  and  al- 
though thej  are  very  numerous,  the  pits  and  trenches  are  easily 
filled  up,  and  the  rich  soil  left  capable  of  culttyation.  The  great 
drawback  upon  the  agricultural  prospects  ef  the  Mining  Dis- 
trict, arises  from  the  consumption  of  the  little  timber  that  grows 
there,  in  melting  the  lead.  How  long  the  presence  of  this  mineral 
lias  "been  known,  and  its  value  understood,  is  not  exactly  known; 
but  there  are  mines  which  were  worked  by  the  French,  soon  after 
tliey  ascended  the  Mississippi.  The  Indians  could  scarcely  have 
found  use  for  it  before  the  introduction  of  fire-arms  among  them. 

Arriving  at  Qalena,  we  found  the  place  crowded  with  people. 
The  mineral  riches  of  the  Dubuque  country  were  well  known,  and 
it  was  expected  that  General  Scorr  would  secure  the  title  to  a  cob« 
siderable  tract  west  of  the  river,  including  the  richest  mines. — 
The  negotiation  was  still  pending  at  Bock  Island  relative  to  ike 
purchase.    Thousands  of  adventurers  lined  the  eastern  shore  of 
the  Mississippi,  ready  to  seize  upon  the  possession  and  pre-emption 
rights  in  the  new  territory  the  moment  they  became  perfect.    In 
tliis  case  as  in  many  others,  guards  of  soldiers  were  necessary  to 
keep  the  whites  from  taking  unlawful  occupancy  of  Indian  lands. 
It  has  become  fashionable  to  abuse  the  government  for  its  conduct 
towards  the  red  man.    My  observation  has,  on  the  contrary  led 
me  to  admire  rather  than  to  condemn  the  folly  and  practice  oi  the 
Federal  authority  in  this  respect,  believing,  that  in  general,  its  mag- 
nanimity, kindness,  and  protection,  demand  the  lasting  gratitude 
of  the  Indian  race.    But  with  the  frontier  settler  it  is  otherwise. 
The  wrongs  of  the  Indian  are  individual,  not  national  offences.-^ 
When  the  pioneer  crosses  the  boundary  line  agreed  upon  by  the 
two  people,  through  their  proper  agents,  he  is  a  trespasser,  and  his 
11 


life  taken  within  their  jurisdiction  is  not  cause  of  quarrel^  if  he 
persist  in  usurping  oocnpation.  We  may  admire  his  enterprise 
in  pushing  forward  beyond  the  range  of  his  fellow-men,  but  moat 
condemn  Uiat  morality  which  allows  a  forcible  seizure  and  detaia- 
^er  of  property  to  be  right.  Parties  of  men,  such  as  locators  and 
iflfiLryeyorB  on  Indian  ground,  may  be  considered  beyond  the  pro- 
.4«ction  of  the  government,  and  if  killed  while  persisting  in  maia* 
laining  possession,  contrary  to  the  will  of  the  owners,  their  loss  is 
not  the  subject  of  retaliation.  Bat  beyond  the  lines  mutually  ea- 
tidillished,  the  red  man  ought  not  to  push  his  revenge,  and  the  early 
joassacres  within  the  acknowledged  limits  of  our  jurisdiction,  made 
it  a  duty  in  the  government  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  its  territo- 
ry. Kurders  committed  by  whites  upon  Indians,  either  in  their 
<>W2i  country  or  otherwise,  have  been  the  crying  enormities  result- 
£pn  from  the  contact  of  civilization  with  barbarism.  If  it  can  be 
shown  that  our  authorities  could  have  prevented  these  individual 
outrages  of  its  citizens,  it  will  then  be  connected  with  the  primi- 
4ive  encroachments  of  one  race  upon  the  other.  That  it  should 
enforce  agreements  and  cessions,  entered  into  in  good  faith,  and 
xetain  territory  acquired  by  just  war,  can  scarcely  be  considered  a 
jaatioual  sin.  Is  the  government  of  the  United  States  in  fault  be- 
<4cau86  the  Aborigine  is  unable  to  secure  his  own  territory  against 
individual  intrusion ! — or  because,  in  his  thirst  for  whiskey  and 
baubles^  he  chooses  to  barter  his  patrimony  for  a  drink  or  a  bead? 
The  intelligent  Indian  himself  draws  a  distinction  between  the  of- 
ficial acts  of  the  nation,  and  the  unauthorized  proceedings  of  tra- 
ders and  speculators.  On  the  part  of  the  former,  they  have  to  ac- 
knowledge that  they  have  been  permitted  to  occupy  grounds  long 
after  they  had  agreed  to  depart;  that  their  dissatisfaction  with 
compacts  was  not  shown  till  after  the  presents  were  received,  and 
Bometimes  not  until  after  payment  had  been  made ;  that  the  com* 
pensation  has  been  faithfully  tendered,  and  implements,^  schools, 
and  artisans  provided  free  of  ezpeuse.  They  would  be  forced  to 
admit,  that  gratuities  and  presents,  above  the  stipulated  price^ 
4iave  been  bestowed  to  purchase  peacei  and  to  obtain  the  fulfill- 


ment  of  Cheir  previoas  engagements ;  and  to  acknowledge,  thataf- 
ier  the  receipt  of  the  increase,  they  still  forced  the  United  States 
to  war  to  obtain  what  they  had  bargained  and  paid  for. 

The  fate  of  the  Indian  cannot  fail  to  raise  a  deep  sympathy  in 
the  mind.  But  to  maintain  that  it  is  not  the  daty  of  the  gorem- 
ment  to  secure,  by  all  upright  means,  the  title  to  those  lands,'is 
eqniTalent  to  the  proposition  that  the  earth  was  designed  to  pro- 
dvcegame,  and  not  the  bread  of  life,  to  sustain  but  one  human 
being  upon  a  square  mile  capable  of  maintaining  one  hundred. 

The  case  of  the  Banks  and  Foxes  has  been  recently  quoted,  as  a 
strong  instance  of  the  injustice  practised  by  the  American  nation, 
upon  Indian  tribes.  The  assault  upon  Biaok  Hawk  at  the  Syca- 
more Creek,  was  the  act  of  frontier  men  under  arms ;  and  if  act- 
ing under  any  authority,  derived  the  same  from  the-  ExecutiTe  of 
Illinois.  It  was  the  result  of  a  border  feeling,  which  permits  the 
destruction  of  an  Indian  upon  the  same  principle  that  it  does  the 
woI£  "No  murders  had  been  perpetrated  upon  the  whites,  or  other 
acts  committed  that  called  for  summary  punishment  The  attack 
I  was  a  rash  and  unproToked  affair.  But  it  is  equally  trub,  that  the 
I  party  assailed  were  in  force  in  a  country  they  had  ceded  to  the 
'  United  States,  and  had  agreed  to  abandon.  After  this  transac- 
tion, General  Atkinson,  who  commanded  the  regular  troops  as- 
sembled upon  the  Mississippi,  made  eyery  effort  to  induce  them 
to  jretum  peaceably,  and  confine  themselves  to  the  territory  allot- 
ted them,  and  accepted  as  their  home.  Their  prompt  refusal  left 
no  alternative.  The  generalship  of  their  chief  prolonged  tiie 
contest  five  months,  without  any  offers  of  surrender  on  the  part 
of  Black  Hawk  and  his  brave  band.  They  resisted  until  starva- 
tion and  force  compelled  them  to  do  that  which  had  been  urged 
npon  them  from  the  outset,  to  retreat  towards  the  Mississippi. 
Ifhen  at  last  overtaken  upon  its  banks,  reduced  in  numbers,  ema- 
ciated by  hunger,  worn  down  by  incessant  toil,  they  still  fought 
with  their  little  remaining  Btrength,  till  their  force  was  either 
killed  or  captured.  It  is  also  to  be  recollected,  that  this  band  had 
always  been  among  our  opponents  in  war,  when  an  opportunity 


84 

occurred ;  always  attached  to  the  British  interests,  and  received 
British  presents.  They  were  taken  as  prisoners  by  military  force, 
arms  in  hand,  fighting  to  the  last,  and  breathing  vengeance  in  the 
prison  after  their  capture.  Under  such  circumstances,  what  rights 
were  left  this  people,  as  a  tribe  or  nation.  Their  miraculous  at- 
taehment  to  their  chief,  and  to  each  other;  their  wonderful  endu- 
rance under  hardships  and  privation ;  boldness,  skill  and  braveiT* 
in  fight,  must  command  our  admiration.  But  their  political  rights, 
which  might  have  been  retained  by  complying  with  the  offered 
ternui,  were  lost  by  resistance  and  conquest 

The  treatment  of  Black  Hawk  and  other  prisoners,  has  often 
been  matter  of  animadversion.  Of  all  the  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren captured  by  our  regular  troops,  only  eighteen  were  put  hi 
confinement.  These  constituted  the  influential  men  of  the  tribe, 
who  never  flagged  in  their  efforts  against  the  government.  Black 
Hawk,  it  is  true,  from  motives  of  prudence,  being  well  cognizant 
of  our  power,  was  in  favor  of  peace.  He  was  also  an  Indian  who 
had  a  sense  of  honor,  as  well  as  policy ;  a  man  in  whom  those  wlio 
knew  him  confided.  But  he  had  exerted  all  his  influence  and  skill 
against  us  in  the  campaign  just  closed ;  and  however  patriotic  to- 
wards his  own  people,  he  was  decidedly  a  dangerous  enemy  of 
ours.  WiBRSKT,  one  of  the  chie&  in  confinement,  continued  to 
fire  his  rifle  from  behind  a  few  logs,  till  he  was  secured  and  sest 
to  the  rear ;  and  his  only  regret,  during  confinement,  seemed  to 
be  that  he  had  not  been  able  to  kill  more  whites.  The  enmity  of 
the  Pbophet  is  well  knolen.  Nahpope,  the  ruling  chief,  was  only 
second  to  Wishbkt  in  his  fury  against  the  white  man,  and  always 
counseled  for  resistance.  The  two  sons  of  Black  Hawk  were 
perhaps  less  harmless  in  the  forests  than  in  the  cities,  but  their  de- 
tention ensured  the  good  conduct  of  the  father  and  tribe.  With 
the  exception  of  Black  Hawk,  they  spent  their  time  at  JeffersOn 
Barracks,  with  a  ball  and  chain  on  one  leg--a  precaution,  the  ne- 
cessity of  which  was  never  doubted  by  those  acquainted  with  the 
'circumstances.  That  personage,  fond  of  multiplying  his  wrongs, 
has  charged  us  with  loading  chains  upon  him  during  his  detention 


85 

upon  the  Miseissippi.  I  am  unable  to  saj  in  what  condition  he 
waa  bronght  from  the  Sionx  coantrj,  when  he  was  taken  to  Jeffer- 
son Barracks,  where  he  was  lodged  in  the  gnard-honse  with  hit 
confederates.  Bat  late  in  the  period  of  his  confinement  at  that 
posty  he  had  not  been  shaaUed,  ae  I  was  informed  bj  those  on  da- 
ty  at  the  time,  having  faith  in  his  pledged  word  not  to  escape. 
Four  of  the  eighteen  were  transported  to  Fortress  Monroe,  from 
which  thej  were  soon  liberated,  and  escorted  to  their  homes, 
where  they  met  their  fellow  prisoners,  and  such  of  their  brethren 
and  sisters,  as  had  survived  the  war.  Their  band  was  merged  in 
that  of  Eeokuox,  and  their  nationality  forever  gone.  There  re- 
mained, however,  life,  hunting-grounds,  and  annuitiea,  as  before. 
Galena  lies  about  seven  miles  east  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the 
north  side  of  Fever  river,  up  which  stream  boats  come  to  town  in 
high  water.  Block  houses  against  Indians  were  standing  on  the 
heights  overlooking  the  place,  which  may  have  contained  2000 
inhabitants.  It  had  all  the  business  air  of  an  old  pliu^e,  though 
sttdly  deficient  in  cleanliness  and  eomfort.  The  quiet  of  its  peo- 
ple was  again  most  completely  destroyed  by  the  appearance  of 
ihe  Asiatic  cholera,  the  night  previous  to  our  arrival ;  and  the  first 
victim,  a  young  lady,  was  bori^o  along  the  street  oa  a  bier,  ^  we, 
entered. 


AVVSNtHZ  Mo.  ^ 


LEGEND  OF  THE  WINNEBAGOES. 

OOmCUNIOATED  BY  B.  W.    HAflXTWA  ESQ.  OF  BT7IVAL0  N.  T. 

Ihteosvotokt  Noil.— Thtlilstory  of  the  Icgeod*  to  far  at  I  am  oonnaeUd  with  H,  b. 
aa  Ibllowa :  In  Septamber,  1829, 1  waa  one  of  the  pioprietoia  and  adiion  of  tka  j9ij(f«- 
U>  JoumaL  At  that  time,  Ur.  Fukst  Wabbivxi,  who  waa  jnat  from  the  conntrj  of  th« 
Wianobagoaa*  waa  apanding  aomo  time  In  our  then  rillageb  Ha  made  myaoqnaintanee^ 
and  Mlataid  to  me  many  of  hia  weateraladTanturaa^and  aaoog  othtia  tiiia  one^  whioh  Ut^ 
t«fated  ma  ao  much  that  I  wrote  it  out  from  hia  oxal  narration,  aided  bj  hia  bnpar&et. 
Botaa.  He  aaaared  me  that  he  had  added  abaolntelj  nothing  to  the  literal  facts  aa  thej 
aetaaHy  ooearredp  and  in  reducing  hia  atatement  to  print,  I  adhered  atrietly  to  hia  narm* 
Urt,  witfaont  embeHiahment,  wUdb,  aa  here  eommanicated,  appeared  in  the  BvflUo 
Jonnal  of  Sept  ISth,  1839. 


The  followiog  communicatioii  of  ^Tldtt"  will  be  read  with  ia* 
terest  The  Bingnlaritjr^of  the  narrative  itself,  and  the  still  more 
singular  circnmstances  of  its  relation— detailed,  as  it  was,  to  onr 
anthor,  while  seated  upon  the^top  of  a  monumental  pile,  in  the 
midst  of  a  trackless  forest,]  bj'one  whose  aged  heart  still  clang 
to  the  past  and  bled  at  its  recollections  of  fallen  greatness— coik- 
spire  to  clothe  the  whole  with  more^than  ordinary  noreltj. 


LEGEND  OP  THE  WINNEBAQOES. 

Earlj  in  the  spring  of  1838,  it  will  be  recollected  that  one  of 
those  border  wars  which^so  often^rage  along  onr  western  firontiert. 


8T 

broke  oat  between  the  WinnebBgo  Indians  and  the  adjoining  Mt* 
ilements.  At  that  period  it  was  my  fortune  to  be  within  the  In*'' 
dian  territorj,  seeking  mj  way  throngh  the  pathless  forests  that 
divide  the  Portage  ot  the  Oaisconsin  from  the  settlement  of 
whites  at  Oreen  Bay.  The  cause  of  the  rapture  alluded  to  was 
the  marder  of  a  man  by  the  name  of  BorMT^  who  was  Ibnnd 
dead  in  his  owa  house,  the  body  bearing  evident  marks  of  rio- 
lence.  The  murders  perpetrated  the  preceding  summer,  by  &^ 
Winnebagoes,  on  the  Mississippi,  immediately  fixed  suspicions^ 
npon  their  tribe,  in  this  instance ;  and  although  the  deed  wassub^ 
sequently  traced  to  the  partner  of  Bomer,  a  white  man,  yet  the' 
resentment  of  the  miners  for  a  considerable  time  Carried  on  a  most' 
desolating  crusade  against  these  sons  of  the  forest.  Those  not 
prepared  to  repel  the  invasion,  which  was  wholly  unprovoked, 
and  equally  unexpected,  were  driven  to  seek  safety  in  flight.  A. 
company  thus  fleeing  to  the  deeper  recesses  of  their  native  forests^ 
I  fell  in  with,  upon  the  journey  I  have  mentioned.  The  par^ 
consisted  of  about  forty  persons,  principally  women  and  children, 
led  by  an  old  man  whose  locks  were  bleached  by  the  frosts  of  some 
eighty  winters.  He  was  a  chief,  and  he  designated  his  little  bandT 
by  the  collective  and  endearing  appellation  of  ^^my  family?^  Af^ 
ter  the  suspicions  which  the  colour  of  my  skin  had  roused  were 
allayed,  the  old  man  approached  me,  and  his  cordial  shake  of  the 
hand,  his  proffer  of  the  lighted  pipe,  and  a  portion  of  his  jerked 
venison,  gave  me  every  assurance  that  I  had  met  a  iriend.  Our 
courses  lay  in  the  same  direction,  and  we  proceeded  together* 
On  resuming  our  march,  the  countenance^of  the  old  chief,  which 
had  been  animated,  sunk  and  became  dejected.  At  times  a  tear 
stole  silently  down  his  furrowed  cheek ;  but  when  a  murmur  es-^ 
caped  the  lips  of  any  of  his  band,  it  was  checked  as  soon  as  artic* 
nkted,  by  a  glance  that  could  not  be  mistaken.  As  these  were 
all  uttered  m  the  Winnebago  language,  which  no  white  man  ev^ 
er  understood,  I  knew  them  only  to  be  words  of  grief. 


*  Jolm  Boiui«r.->SM  Kiki  B«gkter>  Tol.XXXV,>  151. 


88 

After  travelliog  Beveral  hours  across  s  beaatifal  prairie,  we 
approached  a  lake,  the  bank  of  which  was^  adorned  with  a  few 
large  trees,  and  its  shore  presented  a  series  of  regularly  raoged 
mounds,  conveying  to  a  distant  eye  the  appearance  of  a  foraaal 
town.  On  entering  the  cluster  of  these,  each  individual,  in  turn, 
ascended  quite  to  the  top  of  the  highest,  preceded  by  the  aged  ve- 
teran, where  he  first  turned  his  face  to  the  sun,  (which  was  low  in 
the  west,)  then  towards  the  Mississippi,  and  making  a  violent  mo- 
tion with  the  right  hand,  as  if  wielding  the  tomahawk,  he  ejacu- 
lated a  few  words  in  his  native  tongue,  and  immediately  rejoined 
us  by  the  path  he  had  ascended.  The  nature  of  this  mysterious 
rite  I  was  anxious  to  understand.  My  questions  to  this  point,  how- 
ever, were  carefully  avoided  for  some  time,  until  a  small  present 
overcame  the  scruples  of  the  chief,  when  he  accosted  me  in  the 
Chippewa  language  thus :  ^'  My  friend,  no  white  man  ever  saw 
the  Winnebago  asceod  that  mound  before,  nor  has  one  of  our  tribe 
ever  disclosed  to  the  whites  the  origin  of  the  mounds  you  see 
around  us.  Tou  are  the  Indians'  friend — if  you  were  not,  you 
would  not  trust  yourself  with  me  when  your  brothers  are  hunting 
my  children  like  the  wild  deer  of  the  prairie.  You  have  smoked 
with  me  the  pipe  of  friendship,  and  I  will  tell  you  all."  He  then 
took  me  by  the  hand,  led  me  to  the  summit  of  the  principal  mound, 
and  bade  me  sit  down.  I  drew  forth  my  writing  materials  to  as- 
sist my  memory,  but  my  guide  exclaimed,  "  no,  no,  you  must  not 
— ^paper  tell  every  body:  paper  lie  too :  you  remember  enough." 
I  should  here  observe  that  the  Ohippewa  langaage  is  the  classi- 
cal tongue  of  all  the  North  Western  Indians  and  traders,  and  the 
one  through  which  all  their  intercourse  is  carried  on.  In  this 
tongue,  with  which  I  was  acquainted,  after  we  had  each  taken  ^ 
whiff  from  his  long  pipe,  he  thus  began : 

^^My  friend— the  Winnebagoes  are  not  like  other  men.  They 
esme  not  from  the  east ;  they  are  the  only  children  of  the  Great 
Spirit.  H6  put  them  on  one  side  of  the  great  waters  (Lakes),  and 
his  two  great  lights  on  the  other.  He  gave  us  the  buffalo,  the 
moose,  the  elk,  and  the  deer,  for  food,  and  their  skins  he  taoght  us 


89 

touee  for  clothing.  He  filled  the  waters  with  fish,  and  covered 
the  land  with  choice  fruits.  All  these  he  gave  to  us ;  and  he 
marked  with  his  finger  between  us  and  the  great  lights,  that  wo 
might  not  approach  them.  Upon  the  other  side  of  us  he  placed 
a  land  of  winters,  where  no  Indian  could  live.  After  this  the 
Long  Knives  (English)  came,  not  as  eneoiies,  but  as  friends. — 
They  took  our  bows  and  gave  us  guns,  for  our  skins  they  gave 
blankets  and  calicoes,  and  they  gave  strong  drink  to  our  hunters. 
They  enticed  away  the  young  squaws,  and  when  the  Winnebago 
went  after  them  they  would  not  come  back.  Soon  the  hunter  get 
laay,  love  strong  drink,  and  die.  Many,  very  many  die  so.  Then 
it  was  that  the  Great  Spirit  told  his  oldest  child,  the  great  chief 
of  the  Winnebagoes,  in  his  sleep,  to  leave  the  country  to  the  Lonjj 
£nives,  and  cross  the  great  water  to  a  land  nearer  the  great 
lighta,  where  no  white  man  had  gone.  We  went  forward,  found  a 
good  land  where  this  river  (Fox,  which  enters  into  Green  Bay) 
goes  into  the  great  water.  For  two  moons  we  found  plenty  of 
game,  and  saw  no  Indians.  We  thought  the  Great  Spirit  had  ta- 
ken them  all  away  to  make  room  for  his  children ;  when  one  mor- 
mng  we  found  the  river  full  of  canoes  and  Indians  for  one  day's 
ride  in  length.  Our  chiefs  and  old  men  held  a  talk,  and  a  canoe 
was  sent  to  the  strangers  with  as  many  men  as  there  are  moons 
in  a  year.  They  carried  presents  of  wampum,  fruits,  sugar  and 
meat.  These  never  returned.  Their  pipes  of  peace  were  thrown 
into  the  river,  and  their  mangled  bodies  were  hung  upon  the 
trees.  Dogs  were  fastened  in  the  canoe  dressed  like  the  Win- 
nebagoes, and  the  bark,  with  these,  came  down  the  river  to  our 
villages*  Our  good  chief  seeing  the  tears  of  his  warriors  for 
their  fi  lends  who  were  slain,  struck  his  foot  in  wrath  upon  a  solid 
rock,  which  sunk  it  to  his  ankle,  and  called  his  father,  the  Great 
Spirit,  to  witness  that  the  tomahawk  be  unburied  with  the  Foxes, 
Sacs,  and  Chippewas,  until  a  tree  should  grow  from  the  place 
where  his  foot  then  stood.  He  then  burnt  a  council  fire  in  sight 
of  his  enemies,  and  put  blood  upon  the  trees  that  they  might  see 
more  was  soon  to  be  wasted.    When  they  saw  this,  they  fied  up 

12 


90 

the  river  to  Winnebago  Lake.  Our  warriors  followed — a  battle 
was  fonght  on  its  banks^  which  we  lost,  as  part  of  our  fighting 
men  were  deeeired  in  the  long  grass  by  their  guide.  The  Win- 
nebagoes  being  swiftest  on  foot,  gained  this  spot  before  the  eren- 
ing.  It  was  then  the  enemy's  town,  and  they  soon  came,  with 
their  prisoners,  little  thinking  we  were  here.  Finding  us  in  their 
town  they  kindled  their  fires  upon  all  sides,  and  sent  in  word  that 
the  next  day  they  would  eat  the  Winnebago  chief.  With  the  dawn 
the  fight  began.  We  soon  drove  the  Foxes  down  the  river,  but  they 
went  round  and  joined  the  Sacs,  who  were  above  us.  The  rest 
of  that  day  all  was  quiet,  but  the  next  night,  at  the  rising  of  the 
moon,  they  again  came  out  from  their  hiding  places.  This  fight 
did  not  stop  for  three  days ;  and  we  lost  ten  men  for  each  day  and 
night  of  the  year,  before  it  was  ended.  On  the  third  day  our 
chief  fell,  covered  with  wounds.  While  he  still  lived,  he  called  to 
his  warriors  to  remember  his  wrongs ;  andjwith  his  own  hands  he 
pressed  the  blood  from  his  wounds,  which  he  gave  them  to  strength* 
en  their  hearts.  He  lived  to  hear  the  cries  of  his  enemies  as  they 
fled,  and  then,  under  this  mound,  where  he  lay,  he  opened  hi9 
mouth,  and  his  spirit  departed.  In  that  battle  the  Winnebagoes 
kept  the  town,  took  many  hundreds  of  canoes  and  many  prisoners. 
These,  except  the  young  squaws,  we  killed.  Those  ^that  escaped 
fled  up  the  river,  and  the  next  day  we  pursued  them.  We  came 
to  the  lake  which  makes  the  Fox  river,  and  hunted  for  our  enemy 
three  days.  Thinking  the  Great  Spirit  had  taken  them  all  from 
the  country,  to  stop  our  pursuit,  we  were  about  to  obey  his  wishes 
and  return,  when  we  diacovered  a  trail  in  the  high  grass.  This  we 
followed  a  little,  when  we  came  to  a  strange  river  (the  Ouiscon- 
sin,)  running  towards  the  Father  of  Rivers,  (the  Mississippi,)  into 
which  they  had  put  their  canoes.  We  now  agreed  to  follow  and 
fight  our  enemy,  until  he  should  leave  this  stream,  and  cross  the 
Father  of  Rivers.  At  the  Blue  Mounds  we  fought  them ;  and  there 
we  were  joined  by  the  Pottawatomies,  and  they  by  the  Menomi- 
nies.  At  the  mouth  of  the  Ouisconsin  they  made  mounds,  and 
put  their  women  and  children  behind  them,  for  [they ^expected  a 


91 

great  battle.  The  Winnebagoes  had  more  fightmg  men  than  their 
enemies,  but  they  fonght  for  the  last  of  their  conntry,  and  the 
Winnebagoes  for  revenge.  For  thirteen  days  the  bloody  strife 
did  not  cease,  and  hundreds  of  brave  men  fell  on  each  day.  At 
length  the  Great  Spirit  raised  a  loud  storm  of  thunder,  lightning, 
hail  and  wind,  which  caused  both  parties  to  stop,  for  they  thought 
the  Great  Father  of  all  was  angry  with  his  children.  The  Winne- 
bagoes stood  still,  and  their  enemies  all  crossed  the  Father  of 
Bivers,  where  they  now  live,  at  eternal  war  with  our  nation.  No 
Fox  or  Sac  meets  a  Winnebago,  (except  in  council,)  but  one  must 
die*  All  that  great  land  between  the  Ouisoonsia  and  the  Missis^ 
sippi  is  to  this  day  disputed  ground,  and  neither  can  safsly 
oecapy  it  Ohippewa  or  Winnebago  go  there,  he  die — ^but  no 
matter,  Winnebago,  Ohippewa,  Fox  and  Sac,  all  have  country 
enough  now.  Sixty  winters  have  passed  overdue  since  my  father, 
who  was  then  strong,  told  me  of  these  deeds  of  our  nation.  But, 
my  friend,  the  Winnebagoes  are  not  now  wise.  Once  they  had 
many  thousand  fine  warriors.  But  every  year  we  grow  smaller. 
Too  much  our  young  men  go  into  the  white  man's  house,  and 
strive  to  live  like  him.  They  drink  strong  drink,  and  soon  die. 
Traders  bay  our  skins,  and  give  us  strong  drink,  calico  and  beads, 
which  are  not  good  for  Indians.  The'skins  of  our  game  we  want 
for  clothes,  add  we  could  raise  com  for  ourselves  were  we  left 
alone ;  but  soon,  my  friend,  we  shall  be  no  more.  A  fbw  short 
years  and  our  nation  will  be  unknown.  Then,  when  the  stranger 
shall  pass  along  here,  and  look  upon  the  scenes  of  so  many  battles 
that  have  been  won  by  the  only  children  of  the  Great  Spirit^  and 
shall  call  out,  upcm  every  hill,  where  is  the  Winneiago  f  echo 
alone  shall  answer  from  the  west — ^^  where  ie  ihe  Winfuikaffo  /" 

^^  Our  enemies,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  have  grown  strong,  and 
could  now  destroy  us.  They  have  shunned  the  ways  and  the 
haunts  of  the  white  men,  and  their  people  have  multiplied.  Their 
nations  are  large,  and  their  warriors  healthy  and  brave ;  while 
the  forms  of  our  old  men  are  wasted  with  age,  and  our  young 
men  are  drunkards,  like  the  whites.    Our  young  squaws  have  be- 


9M 

come  the  companions  of  traders  and  boatmen^  and  our  fiimilies 
are  broken  np.  We  are  surrounded  upon  all  sides  by  white  men, 
save  one,  and  on  that,  live  our  sworn  and  eternal  enemies.  We 
have  but  one  recourse  left.  We  own  the  land  where  the  two 
rivers  run  different  ways,  (the  Portage  of  the  Fox  and  Ouisconsin 
rivers,)  and  to  that  we  must  now  fly.  When  that  is  gone,  the 
Winnebago  will  have  no  hope— and  he  will  no  longer  ask  to  live." 

Sere  the  reteran  chief  ended  his  harangae^  and  seemed  much 
afEacted  at  the  deplorable,  thongh  just  pictore,  which  he  had 
dvawn  of  his  nation.  My  sympathies  were  roused,  and  I  felt,  for 
onoe  fit  least,  as  became  a  philwithr^pist— compassion  fbr  the 
stoic  of  the  forest,  and  shame  for  the  treatment  he  had  anfEsred  at 
the  hands  of  my  nation.  Bat  the  object  of  tiieae  monnday  and  of 
the  rites  observed  upon  their  top«,  I  had  not  yet  learned,  and  wheu 
n^  aged  chronicler  had  roused  himself  from  his  melancholy  mu* 
sings,  I  repeated  my  inquiries  upon  these  points.  He  paused  for 
a  moment,  and  answered  thus :  <^  My  friend,  this  place  was  long 
since  called,  by  white  men,  ^JBaui  de  MarteJ  *  The  monnds  you 
see  were  raised,  each  over  the  grave  of  some  renowned  cfai^  who 
fell  in  the  great  battle  here.  By  a  cnetom  of  car  nation,  every 
Winnebago  who  comes  in  sight  of  this  mound  upon  whidi  we  are 
now  seated,  must  ascend  to  the  top,  and  observe  the  rites  you  wit- 
nessed. When  tamipg  to  the  sun,  we  swear  that  our  arm,  while  it 
has  power,  shall  be  exerted  in  defeneeof  this  land,  in  lemembraaoe 


*Utm3Xj,Smi*pim^d6atk,  ThaFraDcIiphnstiutdbjrthechitf  most^tr^bMn 
introdacod,  probably,  bj  the  Franch  JmoitB,  to  tnnslate  the  Winnebago  saine — a 
name  that  aeems  to  haye  been  given  to  the  spot  from  the  shape  of  the  shore,  resembliag 
a  human  foot»  at  the  hed  of  whieh  the  monads  are  sitosted.  Heooe  it  was  the  heel,  or 
heel'pUos  and  the  oonaeqiwiost  of  thehallle  tuof^  thane  woq]4  rsadilj  toggiifc  tlw 
Zismainder. 

[This  definition  is  probablj  erroneoas,oviog,  perhaps,  to  Mr.WAUUKia  misandeistand- 
ing  the  pronunciation.  Instead  of  Bout  ds  MorU,  it  is  nniyersally  referred  to  as  BuUe 
di9  Jforti,  or  Hill  of  tha  D^kf—where  the  slain  in  battlewere  buried.  A  battle  was 
hers  l»ught  1b  1714,  between  the  French  and  Outagamies  or  Fottm  which  is  iiotieed 
hj  OviJtLSTOix,  Wnrxa,  snd  other  earlj  historians,  and  In  Osp.  ten  it's  Ifflst  oi  Wk- 


98 

of  the  son  of  the  Oreat  Spirit  who  Bleeps  below ;  and  when  facing 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  we  swear  ever  to  remember  and  revenge  the 
death  of  the  best  of  Ghie&,  the  favorite  son  of  the  Great  Spirit, 
who  fell  \>j  their  hands." 

PLIKT. 


A     I 


APPBNSXZ  No.  7. 


EAELY  TIMES  UST  WISCONSIN. 

WBTITEir  BT  H.  A,  TENKET,  IN  1849. 

Earl/  timet— Indian  distorbanoei— fint  permanent  white  aettler  within  the  limiti  of 
Pane  eounty— Bine  Moands  Fortr-eaTage  maaaacree— Sauk  war— location  of  Madi- 
son, &c^  Ac, 

Tbe  incidents  of  the  early  settlement  of  our  state,  however  un- 
important in  a  national  point  of  riew,  are  worthy  of  being  Irea* 
sored  np  for  the  remembrance  of  posterity.  But  few  of  these  hardy 
and  daring  men  who  came  into  the  country  many  years  in  ad- 
yance  of  the  present  population,  now  remain  among  us,  and  the 
little  circle  is  rapidly  contracting.  It  belongs  to  this  generation 
and  our  time  to  collect  together  the  personal  history,  experience, 
and  adventures  of  these  worthy  and  veteran  pioneers,  and  pre- 
serve it  as  a  very  essential  and  interesting  part  of  our  local  annals. 

One  of  these  earliest  comers  to  the  south-western  part  of  the 
State,  was  Ebbnezeb  Bbigham,  of  Blue  Mounds,  the  oldest  and 
undoubtedly  the  first  permanent  settler  within  the  present  limits 
of  Dane  county — a  man  of  rare  modesty,  unsullied  reputation, 
possessing  a  strong  and  retentive  memory,  and  who  is  really  a 
living  history  of  the  "  life  and  times"  of  the  very  first  white  set- 
tlera.  We  have  never  been  able  to  induce  him  to  write  out  a 
sketch  of  those  early  times ;  but  having  got  him  ikst  by  the  but* 
ton-hole  a  few  days  since,  we  took  the  occasion  to  jot  down  some 


r 


95 

items,  which  we  serve  up  in  onr  own  way,  in  connection  with 
other  matters,  trusting  that  more  complete  details  will  be  obtain- 
ed, of  which  he  has  a  large  fund,  and  that  the  reader  Vill  bear  in 
mind  the  admonition  he  gave  us,  not  to  make  him  the  hero  of  the 
tale. 

Mr.  Bbioham  journeyed  from  "Worcester,  Mass.,  to  St  Lonis,  in 
1818.  The  Upper  Mississippi  country  was  then  almost  nnknown. 
Beyond  the  narrative  of  Pike's  Expedition,  and  the  somewhat 
vague  reports  of  hunters,  boatmen,  and  a  few  lead  diggers  about 
Dubnque,  the  public  possessed  no  reliable  information,  and  felt 
little  if  any  interest.  It  was  regarded  as  a  wild  region  filled  with 
hostile  savages,  and  very  few  were  willing  to  trust  themselves 
among  them.  In  1822  Mr.  B.  followed  up  the  river  on  horseback, 
to  the  present  site  ot  Galena ;  the  place  then  consisting  of  one  log 
oabin,  and  a  second  one  commenced,  which  he  assisted  in  com- 
pleting. Shortly  after  he  returned  to  Springfield,  the  present 
capital  of  Illinois,  the  young  city  then  containing  four  or  five 
cabins.  In  '27  he  again  returned  to  the  lead  region  for  the  pur- 
pose of  embarking  in  the  business.  With  a  small  party  he  pitch- 
ed his  tent  on  what  is  now  called  the  Block  House  Branch  of  the 
Platte  river,  about  four  miles  south  of  the  present  village  of  Flatte- 
viUe,  for  the  purpose  of  prospecting.  From  this  point  the  party 
retreated  in  some  haste  to  Galena,  owing  to  the  commencement  oi 
hostilities  by  the  Indians. 

As  the  particulars  of  this  outbreak  are  not  generally  known,  we 
digress  a  little  to  give  a  few  ot  the  leading  facts. 

Gen.  Oass  had  made  an  appointment  to  meet  the  Winnebagoes 
at  Butte  des  Morts.  On  the  day  fixed  lor  the  council,  not  an  Indian 
appeared.  Alarmed  at  this,  and  other  hostile  signs,  he  rapidly 
descended  the  river  to  Prairie  du  Ohien,  where  the  people  had  all 
taken  shelter  in  the  garrison,  and  where  he  heard  of  an  attack  on 
a  government  boat,  which  had  been  up  the  river  with  supplies  for 
the  garrison  at  St.  Peters,  a  short  time  previous.  Hastening  im- 
mediately to  Galena,  he  notified  the  citizens  of  their  danger,  and 
advised  them  to  build  block-houses  ifor  their  protection. 


96 

The  boat  alluded  to,  had  already  reached  Galena,  and  as  the 
fight  shows  some  of  the  perils  of  river  navigation  during  those 
early  days,  we  give  the  particulars  in  brief.  In  descending,  the 
boats  had  to  pass  a  narrow  place  between  an  island  and  the  main 
shore.  The  Indians,  several  hundred  in  number,  had  stationed 
themselves  on  both  sides,  and  had  also  prepared  canoes  to  board^ 
if  necessary.  The  forward  boat  was  suffered  to  pass  unmolested  ^ 
but  when  the  second  came  within  reach,  it  received  a  discharge 
from  the  whole  force,  killing  one  man  and  wounding  another.  The 
fire  was  returned,  but  with  little  effect,  as  the  crew  were  in  a  very- 
exposed  and  awkward  situation.  In  this  position  of  affairs,  an 
attempt  was  made  to  board,  and  a  strapping  warrior  jumped  on 
to  the  stem,  seized  the  tiller,  and  set  the  vessel  ashore,  but  not  till 
after  a  bullet  struck  him  dead.  At  this  juncture  an  Irishman  of 
the  crew,  familiarly  called  ^^  Sattcy  Jack^^  jumped  ashore,  and, 
amidst  a  shower  of  bullets,  shoved  it  off,  and  escaped  unhurt,  the 
boat  proceeding  without  fhrther  molestation,  carrying  off  the  bodj 
of  the  ambitious  Indian,  which  was  left  at  Galena.  The  sides  of 
the  vessel,  the  boxes,  &c.,  were  riddled  by  over  three  hundred  bul- 
let holes. 

This  was  a  period  of  great  suffering  at  Galena.  The  weather 
was  inclement,  and  two  or  three  thousand  persons  driven  sud- 
denly in,  with  a  scant  supply  of  provisions,  without  ammunition 
or  weapons,  encamped  in  the  open  air,  or  cloth  tents  which  waa 
but  little  better,  were  placed  in  a  very  disagreeable  and  critical 
position. 

From  Galena,  Gren.  Cass  proceeded  with  the  utmost  dispatch  to- 
Jefferson  Barracks.  A  large  force  under  Gen.  AxKursosr  immedi- 
ately came  up  the  river  in  boats,  as  far  as  the  Portage  (Fort  Win- 
nebago) Generalft  Dodos  and  Whitesibes  with  companies  of  volun- 
teers following  along  each  side  on  land,  and  scouring  out  the  lurk- 
ing savages.  A  force  from  Green  Bay  also  concentrated  on  the 
aaikie  point,  and  the  Indians  beheld  witli  dismay  a  formidable  army 
in  the  midst  of  their  country.  The  result  was  a  treaty  of  peace^ 
and  the  giving  up  of  Rbd  Bibb,  who  had  a  year  previous  nias* 
sacred  a  family  near  Prairie  du  Chien. 


97 

The  reports  made  bj  the  ofiBoers  and  men,  on  their  return  from 
this  warlike  expedition,  firet  drew  public  attention  to  the  unbound- 
ed fertility  and  exhanBtleas  resources  of  south-western  Wisconsin 
— and  their  return  was  followed  by  a  large  immigration  to  the 
lead  region. 

It  was  while  this  force  was  on  its  march,  that  Mr.  Bbigham  and 
his  partj  returned  and  built  a  block-house  at  the  point  thej  had 
left,  and  recommenced  their  diggings. 

In  the  spring  of  1828,  he  remored  to  Blue  Mounds,  the  meat 
adFaaced  outpost  in  the  mines,  and  has  resided  there  ever  since, 
being  by  four  years  at  least,  the  oldest  white  settler  in  the  county. 
The  isolated  position  he  thus  settled  upon,  will  be  apparent  from 
the  statement  of  a  few  facts.  The  nearest  settler  was  at  what  ia 
BOW  Dodgerille,  about  twenty-four  miles  distant  Mineral  Point 
and  most  of  the  other  diggings  where  villages  have  since  grown 
np,  had  not  then  been  discovered.  On  tne  south-east,  the  nearest 
house  was  on  the  O'Plaine  river,  twelve  miles  west  of  Chicago.  On 
the  east,  Solomok  Junxau  was  his  nearest  neighbor,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Milwaukee  river;  and  on  the  north-east,  Oreen  Bay  was  the 
nearest  settlement — ^Fort  Winnebago  not  then  having  been  pro- 
jected. 

The  country  at  this  time  was  part  of  Michigan  Territory.  The 
northern  boundary  of  Illinois  was  so  vaguely  defined,  that  tibe 
diggers  on  the  Mounds  voted  at  the  Shullsburg  precinct  for  con* 
gross  men  for  the  Sudcer  State.  Seen  after  locating  at  this  place,: 
Mr.  Bbiohak  visited  Green  Bay  in  company  with  others,  to  attend 
an  Indian  council,  in  order  to  settle  on  certain  boundaries  between 
the  whites  and^red  men.  The  line  fixed  upon  wad  drawn  from 
the  head  of  that  branch  of  the  Blue  Mounds  cr^ek  that  heads 
east  of  them,  to  that  branch  of  the  Peckatmakie  that  heads  east  of 
the  Mounds^  and  down  these  streams  to  the  Wisconsin  and  Rock 
respectively.  The  Indians  blazed  the  trees  along  this  line,  notify* 
in^the  whites  not  to  pass  it — a  prohibition  about  as  effectual  aa 
the  whistling  of  the  wind. 
18 


98 

To  explain  the  reason  for  this  treaty,  it  may  sot  be  amiss  to 
look  back  a  little  at  some  matters  of  diplomacy  connected  with  the 
natives.  Some  time  between  the  years  1814  and  1818»  (we  have 
not  the  documents  at  hand,)  some  tribe  ceded  the  lead  region  to 
the  United  States.  As  the  real  owners  refused  to  be  bound  by  it, 
Governor  Edwards,  of  Illinois,  as  Indian  Agent,  was  directed  to 
cede  it  back  again.  In  doing  this,  he  reserved  three  leagues  at 
Prairie  du  Chien,  together  with  such  other  tracts  as  the  Pre^sident 
might  select,  not  in  all  exceeding  five  leagues.  This  is  the  sub- 
stance of  it  as  we  gather  from  report,  not  having  time  to  hunt  np 
the  treaty  ;  but  under  it  the  War  Department  allowed  locations 
in  tracts  of  200  yards  sqnare,  and  if  the  miner  found  no  mineral 
within  his  stakes,  he  palled  them  up  and  and  set  them  down  agaia 
at  such  places,  and  as  often,  as  he  pleased.  The  effect  thus  was, 
that  the  whites  took  possession  of  pretty  mnch  the  whole  mining 
region.  It  was  in  consequence  of  complaints  growing  out  of  this 
construction  of  the  treaty,  that  the  council  was  held,  and  the  new 
boundary  agreed  npon. 

In  1832  the  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out.  The  Winnebagoes 
were  professedly  friendly,  but  it  was  evidently  a  kind  of  friendship 
not  to  be  relied  upon  in  case  of  a  reverse  to  the  whites.  To  guard 
against  surprise,  Mr.  B.  and  his  neighbors  built' a  block  house  in  a 
very  commanding  position  on  the  prairie  near  the  Mounds,  called 
^%Blue  M(nmd8  Fort?'^  Into  this  the  following  persons  withdrew* 
and  kept  up  a  regular  guard  day  and  night,  about  three  mouths,  to 
wit :  Ebenezer  Brigham,  Thomas  McCraney,  Esau  Johnsoni  John 
0.  Kellogg,  Jeremiah  Lycan,  George  Force,  Emmerson  Oreen, 
William  Auberry,  Jonathan  Ferrall,  John  Sherman,  Hugh  Bowen, 

Jacob  Keith,  Alfred  Houghton,  Houghton,  John  Dalby, 

James  Collins,  William  Collins,  Moses  Collins,  Harvey  Brock 
and  French  Lake. 

After  Stillmak's  defeat  in  May,  the  Banks  spread  rapidly  over 
northern  Illinois,  for  purposes  of  massacre  and  plunder.  Tlie  mur- 
der of  the  families  of  Messrs.  Pettiorew,  Davis,  and  part  of  that  of 
Mr.  Hall,  in  La  Salle  county,  is  generally  known,  and  of  no  far- 


99 

ther  importance  here,  than  is  connected  with  the  givi  ^g  np  of  the 
two  captiTed,  (Miss  Halla.*)  It  seems  that  the  mnrderere  imme- 
diately fled  northward}  following  np  Rock  river  a  number  of  miles, 
and  finallj  pat  their  captives  into  the  hands  of  the  Winnebagoes, 
it  is  believed,  for  safe  keeping,  for  the  pnrpose  of  securing  better 
terms  of  peace  with  the  whites.  News  of  the  event  was  express* 
ed  to  the  Monnd,  and  a  reward  of  $2000  offered  lor  the  two  cap- 
tiveSi  Word  was  sent  to  Whttb  Oeow,  who  with  his  band  was 
encamped  somewhere  about  the  First  Lake.  The  result  was,  that 
next  daj  the  Indians  came  to  the  Fort  and  gave  them  up — ^and 
they  were  returned  to  their  surviving  friends^--the  reward,  donbt^ 
less,  in  the  estimation  of  the  Indians,  outweighing  the  obligations 
of  friendship. 

A  day  or  two  after  the  departure  of  these  captives,  William 
AuBBBRT  was  murdered  at  a  spring  near  Mr.  Brighah's  present 
Nsidence,  by  the  Winnebagoes.  He  was  shot  from  his  horse,  and 
SFiieb  valuables  as  he  had  about  him  were  carried  off.  The  assas- 
sins escaped  punishment. 

About  twenty  days  after,  Geobge  Fosoe  and  Emmebsoii^  Greek, 
while  out  on  a  scout,  were  set  upon  by  a  party  of  sixty  or  seventy 
Sauk  warriors,  in  view  of  the  fort,  and  both  killed. f  Had  the  In- 
dians not  stopped  about  half  an  hour  to  dance  around  and  mangle 
the  bodies  of  their  victims,  the  little  garrison  must  have  been  des- 
troyed, as,  owing  to  a  feeling  of  security,  only  six  were  left  in  the 


*  The  nitrrative  of  these  captires  is  one  of  the  raost  hftrrowing  incidents  of  the  var. 
On  the  9l8t  of  M&j,  1839,  the  families  of  Messrs.  Hall  and^PrrriGRVTr  irere  assembled 
at  tte  hwiM  of  WiLUAir  Datis,  io  Indian  Oreek  ettleoaent  The  first  iotiiMtioo  tbejr 
had  ot  danger  was  the  sudden  appearance  at  the  gate  of  some  seventy  savages*  who 
iwslied  into  the  lunise  and  bntehered  all  its  inmaies,  me*«,  women,  ^and  children,  to  the 
naasber  of  fifteen —sparing  oalj  these  two  sisters,  who  were  taken  eaptiTes,  and  deliver- 
ed op  as  above  stated.  Th^  were  well  treated,  aside  fmm  the  hardships  of  th^tr  rapid 
jeiimey.  It  seems  eeareely  posnbleat  ihia  day,  that  each  tragedies  were  enacted  la  this 
opwitiy  only  aboat  aeventeen  years  b^<k 

t  AusasT  was  killed  June  6th,  and  Foaca  and  Oaaav  on  the  SOth  of  tluit  month. 
Sea  SiciTH's  H.bt.  Wia.  1 973, 976. 


.  100 

Block  House  at  the  time.  The  delay  enabled  them  to  get  ready 
for  a  desperate  refiistance,  and  the  warriors,  after  eaptvring  th« 
horses  of  the  slarn,  made  off,  without  daring  to  assault  the  fort» 

To  follow  up  the  events  of  this  war :  The  army  had  moTed  up 
as  far  as  Fort  Atkinson.  Getting  short  of  provisions,  Col.  Dod^b, 
with  several  companies,  was  sent  to  Fort  Winnebago  for  supp  ies. 
On  his  return,  he  struck  off  towards  the  Sock  river  rapids,  in 
order,  if  possible,  to  get  scent  of  the  Indians^  He  struck  on  their 
trail  east  of  the  Crawfish,  and  immediately  gave  chase.  He  fol- 
lowed directly  west,  orcssing  the  Catfish  near  where  the  present 
bridge  ^nds,  on  the  eastern  confines  of  Madison,  thenoe  over 
the  hill,  and  across  the  ground  now  occupied  by  the  capitol  and 
public  square.  At  the  head  of  Fourth  Lake  he  found  an  encamp. 
ment  they  had  left  not  many  hours  previous.  Pushing  on  some 
eight  or  ten  miles,  they  overtook  and  killed  an  Indian,*  and  ai 
the  crossing  a  little  below  Sauk  Prairie,  they  came  up  with  the 
main  body.  A  battle  immediately  took  place,  in  which  fifteen 
Indians  and  one  white  man  were  killed,  and  numbers  on  both  sides 
wounded.  The  battle  of  Bad  Axe  and  surrender  of  Black  Hawk, 
soon  after  closed  the  war. 

In  these  details  we  have  confined  ourselves  as  nearly  as  possi- 
ble to  occurrences  within  the  limits  of  Dane  county.  Our  friend 
Bjsigham  claims  nothing  on  the  score  of  military  service,  although 
taking  an  active  part  in  the  "  rough  and  tumble"  of  the  times. 
Jn  1836  the  territory  of  Wisconsin  was  organized,  embracing  the 
present  State  of  Iowa,  and  the  north-west  territory.     He  was 


*  WiL&uM  FOROB,  one  of  the  ifarritoa  who  wm  maaaaorad,  had  a  heavy  Roild  ^ 
h/  vhlch  ihehoora  of  atauding  guard  were  reguUted.  At  the  Uaoe  be  waa  hilkd  it 
wo  in  his  poeket»  and  waa  taken— his  body  and  Hmfae  being  chopped  in  pieec^  ODd 
aeattered  about  on  the  prairie.  A  abort  time  after  the  flgbt  at  the  ferry,  Wjoua  Rowah» 
irho  waa  n  trader  reaiding  at  the  head  of  Foarth  Jjtk%  was  out  on  the  trail,  and  pieked 
np  fire  or  aix  Indian  aoddlea^  the  honea  having  given  «at  in  the  retreat  On  mmiag  up 
to  the  body  of  thia  savage,  he  found  the  prairie  fire  had  paaaed  over  tt»  ooaaoming  Ua 
pack  and  clothing.  1  he  watch  of  Foaon  waa  found  in  the  aahea,  and  identified  by  Ifr. 
BaiOHAM  a  day  or  two  after.  Rowix  kept  the  watch  over  ten  yeara  before  finally  part- 
ing with  it 


101 

elected  a  member  of  the  flrst  coancil — the  session  being  first 
held  ftt  Belmont,  and  the  second  one  at  Burlington,  Iowa.  1?he 
district  at  that  time  consisted  of  the  territory  embraced  in  the  pre- 
sent counties  of  Grant,  Iowa,  Lafayette,  Green,  and  part  of  Dane. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  in  '88,  and  held  four  yeard. 
Th%  district  then  consisted  of  the  counties  of  Dane,  Green,  Jef- 
ISsrson,  Dodge  and  Sauk.  His  last  election  to  the  legislature,  was 
«t  the  first  session  under  the  state  constitution — ^the  district  being 
eeme  docen  or  sixteen  towns. 

In  the  twenty  odd  years  of  Mr.  B.'s  residence  in  this  region, 
what  wonderful  changes  have  passed  before  him  I  For  seversl 
years  after  his  coming,  the  savages  were  s^e  lords  of  the  soil.  A 
large  Indian  village  stood  near  the  mouth  of  Token  Greek ;  anoth- 
er stood  on  the  ridge  between  the  Second  and  Third  Lake,  in  plain 
view  of  our  present  location ;  and  their  wigwams  were  scattered 
all  along  the  streams,  the  remains  of  their  gardens,  &c.  being  still 
visible.  Then  there  was  not  a  civilized  village  in  the  state,  of  any 
considerable  size.  When  the  capitol  was  located  here,  he  was 
the  nearest  settler  to  it — twenty- four  miles  distant  t  He  stood  on 
this  ground  before  its  selection  as  the  seat  of  government  was 
thought  of,  and  from  the  enchanting  beauty  of  the  spot  predicted 
that  a  village  would  be  built  here.  Fort  Winnebago  was  com- 
menced in  1828,  under  the  superintendence  of  Maj.  Twiggs  and 
OoL  Harney,  and  the  protection  it  afforded  greatly  promoted  and  ex- 
tended immigration.  The  in-rolling  flood  has  now  reached  300,000 
-—hundreds  of  villages  have  sprung  up— and  every  thing  hat 
changed.  From  being  himself  the  sole  population  of  Dane,  he 
now  counts  but  one  in  16,000.  Nothing  remains  of  the  Indians 
but  their  graves.  He  has  seen  a  savage  people  pass  off  the  stage, 
jmd  a  civilized  one  come  upon  it — and  all  with  a  rapidity  which 
most  appear  to  him  like  a  dream. 

We  have  thus  imperfectly  sketched  some  of  the  incidents  in  the 
life  of  the  first  settler  in  Dane,  with  a  brief  statement  of  some  of 
the  leading  events  which  have  passed  in  review  before  him..  Al- 
-ihough  gray  hairs  cover  his  head,  he  still  enjoys  robust  health, 


108 

and  his  straight  form  and  elastic  step  show  that  age  sits  lightly 
upon  him.  We  are  inclined  to  attribute  his  exemption  from  the 
common  ills  of  life  to  the  fact,  that  he  never  songht  an  office^  or 
sent  a  hangrj  man  from  his  door  without  food.  He  has  a  large 
fund  of  yaluable  local  history,  with  anecdotes  of  ^^lang  sjne" 
worthy  of  being  preserved  for  future  times.  Altogetlier  he  is  a 
noble  specimen  of  the  gentleman  of  the  olden  time,  with  a  repv.*- 
tation  as  favorably  as  it  is  widely  known.  The  people  of  this 
county  without  distinction  of  party,  we  know  will  all  unite  with 
us  in  wishing  him  many  years  yet  of  health,  prosperity,  and  hap- 
piness. 

Madison,  Nov.  20, 1819. 


AMBMBEK  WOi  0« 


SKETCH  OP  CALUMET  COUNTY. 

BT  THOMAS  OAHHUOK,  OF  THB  BBOTHBBTOWN  Uf DIAK8. 

.  Although  the  history  of  Calumet  county  may  be  found  less  In- 
teresting than  that  of  her  more  wealthy  sisters  throughout  our 
young,  flunrisfaing  and  prosperous  State,  yet,  such  as  it  is,  I  very 
cheerfully  communicate  it  to  you. 

I  think  it  was  not  until  the  year  1840,  that  Calumet  county  was 
first  set  off,  and  organized  for  judicial  purposes.*  Previous  to 
that  time,  what  now  constitutes  Calumet,  was  recognized  as  a  part 
of  Brown  county,  and  was  first  taken  possession  of  by  the  Stock- 
bridge  and  Brothertown  Indians ;  two  or  three  families  of  each  of 
those  tribes  having  removed  there  in  the  winter  of  1884.  It  was 
then  a  dense  forest  of  very  heavy  timber,  and  the  only  roads  or 
improvement  of  any  lind,  then  existing  within  the  present  limits 
of  Calumet,  were  a  few  Menomonee  Indian  trails.  About  the 
year  1836,  a  white  man  by  the  name  of  Wbstfall  settled  in  the 
northern  part  of  what  is  now  Calumet,  and  pretended  to  keep  a 


*  Calomei  oooDtj  wit  let  off  from  Brown  county.  Dae.  7, 1836,  orgmniied  for  connty 
pnrpoees*  Jan.  6, 1840,  aid  on  thefoOoving  1 3th  Angast,  waadborgenfaed,  and  attaebad 
to  Brova.  It  irm  rt^ar^aiiiMd  for  oanotj  pnrpoaea,  Feb.  18, 1849;  iwnaiuag  In  jndieU 
OMiDactlon  with  Brown  nnlQ  the  formation  of  Fond  du  Lao  aonn^,  Jan.  9^  1844,  !• 
wUdi  it  WM  attached  hr  jadielal  piirp4MMa.  It  waa  at  Itngfh  ihUj  oiigBaiied,  Feb.  5^ 
I860.— flimr«  OiU0lUir. 


104 

tavern  on  the  military  road  leading  from  Green  Bay  to  Fort  Win- 
nebagOy  which  road  was  commenced  abont  that  time.  But  sack 
a  tavern !  The  writer  of  this  sketch  well  remembers  the  time 
when  he  called  at  the  aforesaid  tavern,  drenched  with  cold  rain, 
4iDd  asking  for  breakfast  Jar  himtelf,  and  baiting  of  some  kind  for 
his  horse,  but  unfortunately  could  obtain  neither.  The  landlord 
had  gone  to  Green  Bay,  a  distance  of  nearly  twenty-five  miles, 
for  the  purpose  of  procuring  and  bringing  home  a  back-load  of 
|)rovisions.  I  think  I  can  safety  say,  that  these  were  times,  that 
not  only  ^^  tried  men's  souls,"  but  their  appetites  also. 

The  Stockbridge  and  Brothertown  Indians  continued  to  emigrate 
yearly  from  the  State  of  New  York,  m^  joined  their  friends  in 
Oalumet  county ;  and  up  to  1840,  the  county  contained  about  230 
Stockbridge,  and  about  300  Brothertown  Indians,  and  only  about 
three  whites— to  wit :  the  tavern  keeper  before  alluded  to,  th^  Bev^ 
-CiTTTiNO  Mabsh,  a  missionary  among  the  Stockbridge  lodiaosi 
and  MooDT  Mann,*  a  mill-right,  who  superintended  the  eree^oa 
of  the  first  griet  and  saw  mill  in  our  county  for  the  Brothertown 
Indians.  Similar  mills  were  built  by  the  Stockbridge  Indiana,  or 
juther  by  Daniel  Whitney,  by  their  consent,  having  been  erected 
upon  their  lands.  All  these  mills  were  built  about  1836-7,  and 
for  several  years  after  their  erection,  the  people  of  Oshkoshi  on 
the  west  side  of  Winnebago  Lake,  got  all  their  milling  done  at 
these  mills,  as  did  also  the  people  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  a  large 
number  of  inhabitants  from  the  north-eastern  portion  of  Fond  da 
Lac  county  get  their  milling  done  to  this  day  at  the  Brothertown 
Indian  mills.  About  two  years  ago,  there  was  another  saw-mill 
built,  in  what  is  called  KUlSnaJu  SetUement^  by  Williax XTbx- 
.  8T0N,  about  fourteen  miles  north-east  of  the  Brothertown  mills; 
and  this  spring  I  have  learned  that  another  saw  mill  has  just  been 
|>ut  in  operation  in  Cbarlestown,  about  twelve  miles  easterly  from, 
the  Brothertown  mills.  There  ia  yet  another  aaw-mill  in  our  coan- 
Jly,  bnilt  two  or  three  years  i^,  bvt  it  does  not  doofuick  bnaineML 

-mi    III"    ■ 

"^  9oa  Hpew.  M^iffr,  Judg^  of  Mapet  Miuiliirft  dM  ia  tM  cwntyi  in  1>^  laM^ 


MX 

lu  4^e  jMr  1839,  the  BrothertoWQ  Iii4nwi«  pdkitioiicd  Congress 
for  cituseoship,  wbioh  was  graated,  and  they  are  w>w  enjoying  all 
Iha  rightly  privileges,  and  imamnities  of  other  citisens  of  the 
.United  Stales,  aad  the  State  ot  Wisoonsin.  In  1643,  the  Stock- 
bridge  Indians  also  petitioned  for  oitiflensbip,  and  were  likewise 
jMimiUed ;  bnt  a  portion  of  them  remonstrated  from  the  out-set, 
and  finally  aacceeded  in  shirking  out;  and,  since  tliat  time,  those 
whvO.  de^red  and  embraced  citis^enship  have  sent  a  delegation  to 
WjaahingtoH  to  get  set  back  ^gain  as  Indians,  and  it  is  said  they 
have  agreed  to  emigrate  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  ceasna  of  Oalnmet  county  in  1850,  gare  1746  inhabitants, 
<if  whom  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  were  Stookbridge^  and  fouj: 
iKUuired  Brothertowa  Indians.  For  ser^fal  years  past,  mhoh  pr^ 
J«£c6  has  existed  abroad  with  regard  to  this  county  and  its  in- 
liabiftants ;  the  former  was  believed  to  be  too  cold  to  permit  the 
growth  of  ordinary  crops,  and  the  latter  deeined  as  poor  degraded 
envagee,  destitute  ef  the  common  ocMmfotts  of  civilization,  and 
without  any  principles  of  morality,  and  people  scarcely  dared  to 
pase  through  our  county,  for  fear  of  being  scalped.  But  since 
4iny  bsre  leamed>  that  the  Indians  are  an  agrtcnltnral,  mechaai^ 
^  and  manufaetnring  people^  that  they  iive,  dress  and  talk  like 
other  ^<  human  critters,"  (having  entirely  lost  their  language^  tfaa 
Brothertowns  in  particular,)  that  they  have,  their  own  common 
schools  in  operation,  public  officers,  churches  and  preachers,  and 
the  fact  that  travelers  frequently  get  nearly  through  the  town  with- 
out being  aware  of  it,  and  then  enquire  how  far  it  is  to  Brother- 
town, — I  say,  since  the  people  are  beginning  to  become  acquainted 
with  these  facts,  they  begin  to  entertain  a  little  more  respect  for 
Oalnmet  county  and  her  population. 

Yes,  sir,  the  time  has  been  when  Calumet  county  was  consider- 
ed to  be  the  very  sink-hole  of  vice  and  iniquity,  and  acting  upon 
that  belief  in  some  instances,  horse-thieves  and  gamblers  have 
sought  to  obtain  a  shelter  here  from  the  iron  clutches  of  the  law ; 
but  when  they  have  found  the  Indians  ready  and  willing  to  turn 
14 


106 

out  in  masBe^  aod  mmmnd  and  searcb  houses  m  the  dead  of  n^ght 
where  it  was  supposed  these  kind  of  gentry  were  ooncealed,  th^ 
have  generally  made  extremely  short  visits,  being  both  ocniarlj 
and  mentally  convinced  that  oor  connty  was  a  very  unsafe  asy- 
lum for  persons  of  their  stamp. 

For  the  last  six  months  or  more  there  has  been  a  constant  tide 
of  emigration  setting  into  our  county.  Scarcely  a  day,  or  week, 
at  least,  passes,  bnt  teams  are  eeen  passing  into  onr  county  loaded 
with  goods  and  families,  and  I  should  not  be  surprised  if  Calumet 
doubled  her  population  in  one  year  from  this  time. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  know,  that  the  first  steamboat  that  ever 
graced  the  crystal  bosom  of  Lake  Winnebsgo,  was  built  in  oor 
county  by  the  Brothertown  Indians,  under  the  superintendence  of 
PxTBB  HoTKUNO,  who  wss  a  white  man,  and  the  captain  of  said 
boat.  She  was  called  the  Manchester,  and  is  still  running  on  the 
lake  under  the  name,  I  think,  of  the  Fountain  Oily.  We  have 
obtained  a  charter  for  a  plank-road  from  Kanehester  to  Sheboy'- 
gan,  a  distaoceof  thirty* five  miles,  which  will  pass  through  one 
of  the  finest  portions  of  the  state,  in  r^ard  to  the  fertility  of  its 
soil,  its  water  power,  and  its  lofty  groves  of  pine  and  other  Um* 
ber  for  lumbering  purposes.  Calumet  county  is  about  sixteen  by 
twenty-five  miles  in  size. 

Manchester,  April  29, 1851. 


NO.  S. 


SKETCH  OF  KICHLAND  COUNTT. 

BT  IRA  B.   HASKLTINSy  X8Q. 

In  accordance  with  the  request  of  the  State  Hietorical  Society 
of  Wisconsin,  I  have  prepared  this  brief  sketch  of  Sichland  conn- 

TbiB  county  was  organised  for  jodicial  purposes  May  1st,  1860^ 
and  now  forms  part  of  the  fifth  jadieial  circuit.  It  has  an  area  of 
•izteeD  sectional  townships  in  a  square  form,  with  also  some  frac- 
tional townships  upon  the  Wisconsin  river,  which  constitutes  its 
sonthem  boundary.  It  has  fbur  very  considerable  mill  streams 
running  from  the  north  to  the  south  through  the  county,  and  emp- 
tying  into  the  Wisconsin.  These  streams  are,  Bear  Greek  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  ooanty.  Pine  river  running  through  the  eentral 
portion.  Eagle  creek  more  westerly,  and  Knapp's  credk  in  the  ex* 
treme  western  part  of  the  county.  These  sevefal  streams,  with 
their  numerous  tributaries,  abundantly  supply  all  parts  of  the 
eounty  with  the  best  of  water,  which  is  almost  invariably  soft 
Fishes  of  different  kinds,  including  pike,  pickerel,  catfish,  mullet, 
succors,  and  the  speckled  trout,  are  found  in  great  abundance. 

lUehland  county  has  a  plenty  of  the  best  timber  of  varioue  kinds, 
to  wit:  maple,  ash,  elm,  oak,  basswood,  butternut,  walnut,  and 
some  beautiful  groves  of  pine  and  poplar.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try is  diversified  by  hills  and  vallejs,  with  numerous  springs  of 


\ 


108 

pure  Boft  water.  There  are  some  very  pretty  prairies,  surrounded 
bj  groves  of  heavy  timber.  Some  lead  and  copper  ore  have  been 
discovered  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  and  an  extensive 
marble  quarry  has  been  opened  in  the  valley  of  Bear  creek.  All 
the  stone  is  to  be  found  in  quarries,  and  none  scattered  promisca- 
ously  upon  the  surface  of  the  soil.  There  are  many  large  tracts 
of  well- watered  and  rich  land  in  this  county — hence  the  appropri- 
ateness of  its  name,  Richland. 

Of  natural  curiosities,  perhaps  there  is  in  the  whole  western 
country  none  greater,  than  the  Natural  Bridge  over  Pine  river. 
It  is  of  rock,  from  forty  to  sixty  feet  hieh,  and  over  half  a  mile 
in  length,  extending  Into  a  level  country,  with  a  beautiful  arch 
sufficiently  large  for  the  passage  of  the  waters  of  Pine  river,  even 
in  times  of  flood.  This  rock- bridge  is  perfectly  solid  for  thirty  feet 
above  the  water,  and  covered  on  the  top  with  a  beautiful  grove  of 
thrifty  pine.  The  rock  is  a  species  of  sand  stone,  about  four  rods 
wide,  and  its  sides  perpendicular  the  whole  length.  It  forms  a  great 
natural  water  power,  and  shelter  for  man  and  beast  The  Indiana, 
it  is  related,  used  to  assemble  here  in  great  numberB,  to  worsliipu 
The  chief  or  principal  speaker  ususually  stood  upon  the  top  of  the 
rock,  while  his  audience  remained  below.  Another  very  cossid* 
arable  curiosity  in  our  county,  is  thie  Warm  Gave^  whiek  sends  feeth 
a  warooL  current  of  air  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

This  county  is  settling  very  rapidly  by  an  intelligent  and  eater* 
prising  population,  almost  idiolly  Americans.^  Its  agricultural, 
nineral  and  lumbering  resoureeSj  together  witit  its  proximity  to 
an  eKtansire  mining  country,  and  its  faeilities  fer  market,  fbrax 


*  A  wiitK  i»aiwceiiliMiiiiMr  «f  th«  Fkttenlt  AnNrlMn,  vbo  lifMlklBMilf  "iftOM 
Yiinmr  nys  tii«t  U  fixfUtm^  i&  1848,  tba  wUd  pwtt  of  ftkik  Md  Hbdbkiid  oanOm^ 
in  the  latter  of  which  eeareely  a  aection  of  land  had  beea  entered,  although  it  bad  beeii 
in  market  fonr  or  fire  yeara.  The  entire  population  of  Richland  county  did  not  exceed 
«4Di»  iaaiiliBnnnmbemig'Airt^eQqli^  who  wwi  meetly  eempeMdof  thoaentofSlm* 
md  wha  had  retired  from  the  bnef  hannti  of  men  to  pnww  the  cha«#,  and  enjoy  th* 
charms  of  aolitude.  Richland  Citj  waa  fonoded  by  Ifli#c  H  WaUaoe,  who  ereeted  the 
first  log  cabin  there  late  in  the  antomn  of  1843.  Th^  j^pnlation  of  the  county,  which 
thfs  M  in  1850,!s  now  estimated  akSSOO.  '  ua  n* 


r" 


109 

great  indacements.to  aetUement  and  cultivation.  There  are  sever- 
al thriving  villages  already  teeming  with  life  and  animation. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  Richland  Oitj,  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  a  very  pretty  stream  called  Willow  Greek;  and  seven 
miles  still  higher  up  on  Pine,  is  the  new  county-seat,  Richland 
Center,  situated  on  a  beautiful  prairie  with  scattering  shade  trees, 
and  the  whole  surrounded  by  noble  groves  of  thrifty  timber.  At 
this  place  is  an  excellent  water  power,  and  mills  are  now  in  pro- 
cess  of  erection.  This  promising  town  is  just  springing  into  vig- 
orous life  and  activity.  Richmond,  the  former  county-seat,  is  also 
a  pretty  village,  situated  on  the  Wisconsin  river. 
Richland  Center,  Dee*  IS,  1868. 


APPBMSiZ  No.  10. 


WISCONSIN  GEOGRAPHICAL  NAMES. 

BT  ALFRED  BBUSBON. 

To  the  Cor.  Sec.  of  the  Wisconsin  Historical  Society : 

The  object  of  forming  the  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin,  isto 
gather  materials  for  the  formation  of  a  correct  history  of  the  State, 
and  to  preserve  from  oblivion  such  incidents,  names,  &c.,  as  will 
be  of  use  in  compiling  sach  a  history.  And  to  aid  in  the  accom* 
plishment  of  this  design,  in  one  particular,  I  respectfully  suggest 
the  propriety  of  collecting  tlie  original  Indian  and  French  names 
of  the  State,  of  counties,  towns,  rivers,  lakes  and  mountains,  and 
attach  to  each  the  signification  in  English ;  and  also  the  deriva- 
tion of  all  purely  English  names. 

That  my  design  may  be  understood,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
contribute  my  limited  knowledge  in  this  matter,  I  will  give  a  list 
as  far  as  they  now  occur  to  mind;  and  at  the  same  time  request 
such  corrections  and  additions  as  may  be  necessary  to  perfect  it. 

If  editors,  and  others,  who  live  on  the  spot,  and  have  the 
means  of  reliable  information,  will  take  some  pains  to  correct  any 
errors  in  this,  and  to  enlarge  trie  number  of  names,  and  publish 
them,  an  accurate  vocabulary  of  names  may  be  obtained,  of  which 
the  future  historian  may  avail  himself,  to  the  interest  and  edifica* 
tion  of  the  reader. 

In  doing  thi?,  I  would  suggest  the  propriety  of  giving  the  name 


f 


111 

of  tbe  IVibe  of  Indians,  from  whoee  language  the  Indian  name 
of  a  place  or  a  thing  is  derived,  if  kdown.  Tbe  importance  of 
this  distinction  will  be  seen  in  the  sequel,  and  from  the  fact  that 
the  same  thing  is  differently  named  by  different  tribes ;  and  in  the 
different  languages,  tongues  or  dialects  of  the  Indians,  slight  vari- 
ationa  in  sound  may  have  given  rise  to  different  spellings,  and 
hence  an  apparently  different  name,  while,  in  fact  the  same  name 
is  intended.  For  instance,  Mcmitowoc^  if  from  the  Chippewa,  or 
Ojibowa,^  should  be  Jft4n€(2o{> — a  general  name  of  spirit.  The 
prefix  or  termination  gives  the  kind  of  spirit  intended.  Mun- 
edooi^A  means  Devil,  or  Evil  Spirit,  in  Ojibowa.  Owheaha-mune- 
doo  is  God,  or  Good  Spirit  Woo  may  be  intended  for  owh^  and 
munito  may  be  intended  for  munedoo^  and  if  so,  Munedoo-owk 
alias  Manitowoc,  when  applied  to  the  Islands  in  Lake  Michigan, 
or  the  river  emptying  into  it,  probably  signifies  the  habitation  of 
the  Good  Spirit.  The  perversion  or  corruption  of  tbe  word  may 
be  from  tbe  imperfect  understanding,  or  imperfect  orthography  of 
the  white  man  of  the  Indian  language,  or  it  may  have  been  de- 
rived from  tbe  Menomonee,  or  some  other  tribe  of  Indians,  who 
use  the  word  a  little  differently  from  tlie  Ojibowas. 

I  am  not  an  Ojibowa  scholar,  but  have  a  work  by  Peter  Jones,  a 
celebrated  missionary,  from  which  I  derive  the  above  orthogra- 
phy of  the  word,  but  if  I  am  not  right,  will  some  one  be  so  good 
as  to  put  me  so. 

But  to  the  general  list  of  names;  and  first  of  the  State.  The 
State  derives  its  name  from  the  principal  river  which  runs  cen- 
trally tfirough  it.  The  Chippewas  upon  its  head  waters  call  this 
river  Weeakonrsan  which  signifies  " the  gathering  of  the  waters." 
They  gave  it  this  name,  as  an  Indian  trader  informed  me,  on  ac- 
count of  its  numerous  branches'near  its  head  concentrating  into  one 
Btream,  which  afterwards  runs  so  great  a  distance  with  but  com- 
paratively few  principal  branches  td  swell  its  current.    Tbe  French 


*  Dr.  Morte,  in  his  Report  of  bis  Indian  Tour  of  1820,  speaks  of  "  an  old  Ottowa 
chief  liviDg  at  Ma-fdl-cu-wayk—ikM  riwr  of  bad  ipiritt."  See  the  definition  in  the  fol- 
Wiring  paper,  by  Mr,  Uadiftvaj.  L.  C.  D. 


112 

Toyager  called  it  OiMeonsiny  the  first  syllable  of  which  comes 
nearer  to  the  toand  of  the^  Indian  than  does  Wis.  The  second 
syllable  of  the  French,  if  yon  give  the  e  its  hard  sonnd,  is  more 
like  Icon  th^i  eon  ;  bnt  the  last  syllable  (sin)  is  evidently  a  devia- 
tion from  the  Indian  both  in  the  Eogliflfa  and  French.  An  attempt 
was  made,  a  few  years  since,  to  restore  the  second  syllable  of  this 
name  to  its  original  Indian  soand  by  substituting  h  for  e^  bnt  this 
would  not  restore  either  the  first  or  the  last.  The  attempt,  how- 
ever, was  unpopular,  and  the  Legislature  solemnly  decreed  that 
tiie  name  should  be  spelled  Wiscanmif  and  this,  probably  mors 
from  opposition  to  the  individual  who  attempted  the  restoration^ 
than  from  correct  literary  taste,  or  any  regard  for  the  original  In- 
dian name. 

OF    OOTTHTIES. 

Adams. — ^Named*in  honor  of  President  Adams. 

Brovon* — ^In  honor  of  Gen.  Brown  of  the  XJ.  S.  Army. 

Crawford. — ^In  honor  of  W.  H.  Crawford,  Sec.  ot  U.  S.  Treas^ 

Oolvmbia. — From  Columbus.  \ 

Calumet — ^Indian — pipe  of  peace;  the  name  said  to  hare  been 
given  to  the  place  on  account  of  the  different  tribes  frequently 
holding  peace  councils  there,  when  they  smoke  the  Calumet  or 
pipe  of  peace. 

Chippewa. — ^Fromthe  river  of  that  name — Indian,  Ojibows. 
Several  bands  of  this  tribe  settled  on  its  head  waters,  to  which 
they  fought  their  way,  about  120  years  since,  from  Lake  Superior, 
against  the  Dacotah  or  Sioux,  and  gave  their  name  to  the  river  in 
honor  of  their  victory. 

Dane. — In  honor  of  the  author  of  the"ordinance  of  1787- 

Dodge. — ^In  honor  of  Gov.  Dodge. 

Fond  du  Lac. — ^The  head  or  fountain  of  the  Lake— Winnebago. 
The  same  name  is  also  given  to  the  head  of  Lake  Superior. 

Chant. — ^From  the  river  which  took  its  name  from  one  Grant,  a 
trapper,  who  had  his  cabin  on  its  bank. 

Qteme.—^  honor  ot  Gen.  Greene,  of  the  Sevolulion. 


r 


lit 

Iowa. — ^From  as  Indian  tribe  who  once  inhabited  tfie  countrjj* 

J ff^mm. — In  honor  of  P«  evident  Jefferson. 

LafayeUe. — In  honor  of  Gen.  Lafajette. 

ZaPoifUe. — From  the  point  of  Magdalene  Island  in  Lake  Sa* 
peribr,  on  which  a  trading  post  and  village  are  situated, 

Marquette. — In  honor  of  the  French  discoverer  of  the  country* 

MUuMukee. — From  the  river  of  that  name.  It  is  Indian. — 
[Will  some  Mil waukeean  give  the  meaning?] 

Portage. — ^This  county  took  its  name  originally,  from  the  port- 
age between  the  Wisconsin  and  Fox  rivers.  But  when  the  conn- 
ty  was  divided,  tlie  lepresentative  from  it,  hailing  from  the  north 
part  of  it,  with  a  view,  it  is  said,  to  keep  the  record  books,  and, 
thereby  save  a  few  dollars  in  the  purchase  of  new  ones,  managed 
to  retain  the  name  for  the  north  part  of  it,  in  which  is  Plover  Por^ 
age^  calliDg  the  south  part  Columbia. 

jRacine. — From,  the  French  name  of  the  Root  or  principal  river 
in  it.  [Will  some  citizen  there  tell  us  what  root  was  so  abundant' 
upon  it  as  to  give  it  the  name  ?]  . 

Hichland.— '80  called  on  account  of  the  richness  of  the  soil. 

J?(9dk.— From  Rock  prairie  witliin  its  limits;  and  this  from  a 
largo  rock  located  on  it. 

Sheboygan. — ^From  its  principal  river.  [WiH  some  one  tell  ua 
what  the  word  means  Q         .         . 

St.  Croix.— Hhe  holy  cross— the  name  given  to  the  lake  and  riv-  ; 
er  upon  which  it  borders,  by  the  French  mi8sionarie3,  because  it 
enters  the  Mississippi  nearly  at  right  angles,  and  because  the 
waters  of  it  when  high,  are  of  a  dark  red  color,  heiifg  stained  by 
the  roots  of  the  tamarack  which  abound  in  its  Head  branches* 

Sattk. — From  Sauk  Prairie  within  its  limits,  which  took  its  name 
from  the  Sank  iLdiana,  who  once  had  their  principal  village  upoa 
ifc. 

WaehingUyn. — In  honor  of  Gen.  Washington. 

WatJctsha. — ^Fromthe  Indian  name  of  its  principal  river.     It 
afgnifies  Fux,  probably  froin  the  number  foxes  taken  upon  it — 
[]Es  it  Menomonee,  Futawotomoi  or  whatt] 
\t 


lU 

Winnebago. — From  the  lake  of  that  name,  which  took  its.  nai^o 
from  the  Indian  tribe. 

Walworth. — In  honor  of  Chancellor  Walworth. 

OF  FLAOBB,  LAKIS,  SITSB8,  AKD  MOVJXTAISS. 

Prairie  du  Chien—Dog^B  Prairie — From  a  Sank  chief  of  ihat 
name  who  had  his  village  on  it  when  first  visited  by  the  French 
voyagers. 

Prairie  La  Cros^ — From  the  French  name  of  a  "ball  clnb," 
crooked  or  hooked  at  the  end.     'When  the  Frer  oh  first  visited  the 
country,  the  neighboring  tribes  were  in  the  habit  every  summer  of. 
meeting  on  this  prairie  for  their  annual  ball  play.    At  these  games 
each  tribe  took  a  side,  and  often  staked  all  they  had  at  conunand. . 

MarUtrempe'Veau — ^The  mountain  that  stands  in  the  water.  It 
rises  in  the  form  of  an  oval  cone  or  natural  pyramid,  from  a  base 
80  rods  long  by  40  wide,  to  about  300  feet  high,  and  is  entiredy 
surrounded  by  water.  It  contains  an  extensive  den  of  yeliow  cat- 
tle snakes,  from  which  they  swim  in  the  spring,  and  to  which  tbejr 
return  in  the  same  way  in  the  fall. 

Lac  Flambeau — ^Torch  Lake.  A  collection  of  five  small  lakfs, 
of  from  three  to  five  miles  in  length,  and  from  twenty  rods  to  half 
a  milp  in  width.  On  these  lakes  a  band  of  Chippewas  settled, 
about  120  years  ago,  to  which  they  fought  their  way  against  the 
Sioux  on  one  hand,  and  the  Sauks  and  Foxes  on  the  other.  The 
lakes  abounded  in  fish,  which  were  taken  by  torch  light,  from 
which  the  French  traders  gave  it  the  name  of  Laic  Plambeau. 

ZcbQ  Courteof^eille-  Short  Ears. — It  is  said  that  when  the  FreAch 
traders  first  visited  this  lake  called  Ottawa^  a  band  of  Ottawaa  oc- 
cupied its  banks,  who  had  cat  the  rims  off  their  ears^  makjmg 
them  short;  from  which  the  Indians,  their  lake,  and  the  river  ma* 
ning  from  it  into  the  Chippewa,  received  this  singular  name. 

Mountain  of  the  Stare — A  natural  mound  some  thirty  miles  in 
drcumference,  and  several  hundred  feet  high  ;  from  its  base  aod 
sides  the  Black  river  flows  to  the  south,  L'eau  Ciaire  and  Yellow 
rivers — ^branches  of  the  Chippewa — to  the  west^  andtwobraochea] 


115 

of  the  Wisconsin  ri^er  to  the  east.  It  is  said  to  he  covered  with 
pine  timber,  and  its  rocks  and  sands  to  abound  in  indications  of 
eopper,  or  some  richer  ore.  The  Indian  name  is  not  recollected, 
but  signifies  the  Mountain  of  the  Stars^  and  was  so  called  bj  them 
on  account  of  its  loftj  peaks. 

I  shall  continue  to  collect  these  names  and  their  origin,  and  if 
others,  and  especially  editors,  will  do  the  same  and  publish  them, 
the  historical  object  contemplated  will  be  accomplished.  The 
above  j|  jet  imperfect,  and  is  open  to  amendments  and  corrections; 
and  it  is^ut  a  small  portion  of  the  names  worthy  of  collection 
and  preservation. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  June  11th,  1849. 


APPStmiM.  Ko.  II. 


INDIAN  NAMES. 


BT  JOSHUA  HATHAWAY,  ESQ. 


To  ths  Cor.  Seo.  of  the  Wiscons-ln  Ei/ttorical  Society: 

Following  the  snggestion  of  Mr.  Brurson  in  his  interesting  com- 
mnnication  to  your  Society  of  the  11th  ultimo,  I  propose  to  con* 
tribute  a  portion  of  the  aboriginal  names  of  places  and  rivers  in 
oar  State,  with  their  signification,  when  known,  and  their  present 
eorrnption  in  spelling  and  pronanciation. 

Mnch  of  the  corruption  in  the  pronunciaticn  of  Indian  names, 
has  arisen  from  the  want  of  a  simple  mode  of  spelling,  and  from 
an  inaccurate  habit  of  pronouncing  words,  when  correctly  spelled. 
Thus,  in  orthography,  the  sounds  au,  ahn,  ee,  are  incorrectly  ex- 
pressed  by  a,  an,  and  e ;  and  the  orthography  au,  ahn  and  ee,  is 
inaccurately  prononnced  by  a,  an  and  e,or  y — for  example,  Wau- 
Jkee-fhahj  is  incorrectly  spelled  Wakesha^  and  inaccurately  pro- 
nounced, (though  very  commonly,)  Walkyshaw. 

One  more  suggestion :  When  the  double  vowel  ee  occurs  in 
the  orthography  of  an  Indian  word,  the  syllable  should  have  a 
thin,  prolonged  accent,  more  especially  when  it  forms  the  middle 
syllable. 

Jfilwattkee^  or  MUcuaqui^  of  the  early  French  settlers,  is  de- 
rived from  the  Indian  name  of  our  own  river,  Mahn-a  wa^hc4 
seepe,  first  and  third  syllables  accented.  The  word  is  Pottawatta- 
mie probably ;  and  the  early  French  traders  gave  difiEerent  aigni- 
ficationa  to  it,  so  that  no  one  of  them  is  reliable. 


IIT 

BhSboyga^  or  Ohe  hrig-an  of  the  ^arly  maps,  is  fromlklie  Indiati 

ottme,  S&moh  wa  foay-kutty  half  accent  on  the  first,  and  fall  accent 

.  on  the  third  syllable ;  the  word  or  sentence  (most  likely  Ohippewa,) 

azpresses  a  tradition  *^  that  a  great  noise^  coming  ttnder  groand 

from  the  region  of  Lake  Superior,  was  heard  at  this  rirer." 

ManitcU'WOo^  oi  D^viPs  den. — ^The  tradition  of  the  Indians  id, 
4hat  a  nondescript  being  was  several  times  obserred  at  the  month 
of  this  river;  hence  the  name. 

Jfe-sko-kthi  or  Hoifu,  now  known  as  Two  Eivers.  A  glance  at 
ihe  place,  or  at  the  map,  show^  how  appropriate  the  name. 

J&tMiu-nM  River,  on  Lake  3i ichtgan,  east  of  the  head  of  Green 
Bay,  sigftifies  Prairie  Sen.  It  was  formerly  known  as  Wood's 
river  in  the  sketch  maps ;  please  give  to  the  writer  the  credit  6f 
SBcertainingand  restoring  this  enphonionsname  by  his  Field  Notes 
m  1884  Kewaoikee  ia  donbtless  a  Ohippeway  Word--accent  on 
Mcood  syllable. 

The  next  and  only  river  of  any  magnitude,  north  of  the  last 
mentioned,  is  the 

Muhwanwish'torguon — accent  on  first  and  third,  and  half  ac- 
cent on  last  syllable.  Mak-wan  signiBes  5^ar — the  whole,  Bea/r^s 
Mead.  The  present  settlors  In  that  region  are  striving  to  substi- 
inte  the  name  Wolf  River;  bad  success  to  them — we  prefer  a 
bear's  head  to  a  whole  wolf. 

Mits  kee-gOj  from  Muskeeguiaoy  signifies  Oranberry — probably, 
Pottawattamie. 

Wau keeshah^  the  name  given  to  the  county  wresfed  from  Mil- 
wankee  in  1846.  As  the  connty  was  appropriated  without  the 
consent  of  the  owners,  so  it  was  very  proper  that  the  name  should 
be.  It  is  very  probable  that  this  name  was  never  seen  in  Engliaji 
obaraeters  until  the  year  1846,  when  it  was  inscribed,  by  the 
-frriter  of  this,  upon  an  oak  tree,^  standing  where  the  town  of  Ro- 
chester now  stands,  in  Hacine  county.  The  name  was  selected  by 
me  with  the  consent  of  Messrs.  Cox  and  Myers,  all  being  interest- 
ed in  the  location,  as  a  name  for  the  futare  town,afid  it  so  appears 
on  the  sectional  maps  of  those  times.    When  the  town  began  to 


W8 

,be,8e(;tldd  shortlj  after,  the  name  vagJcbaQged  bj  the  iohabitanta 
,to  Sodneeter,  because,  like  the  Bochester  of  New  York»  it  had  a 
water  poweiv-no  farther  point  of  reeemblance  being  traoeaUe. 
In  1835-6|  X  was  engaged  in  anb-dividing  the  townahips  now  com* 
prising  Bacine  countj,  and  from  some  Indian  boja  lodged  near 
mj  encampmentBy  I  made  additions  to  my  Indian  yoeabalarj ; 
and  with  the  medium  of  a  iox-akin  coUari  I  obtained  this  name^ 
understanding  it  to  be  Pottawattamie  for  "Fox,"  which  is  a  faror- 
lie  name  with  the  nadves  tor  all  crocdced  riv«*i,  whose  conrae,  in 
this  respect,  resembles  the  eooentrie  trail  of  (tliat  animal.  By 
^giying  the  middle  syllable  a  thin^  prolonged,  decided  accent,  and 
leaying  the  last  qrllable  but  half  aspirated,  jou  have  the  original 
as  given  to  me — ^Wan-^;^sbah. 

Jfe^guo^-i-ffOy  from  Me<[uan*i*go  ick,  likewise  the  name  of  the 
town.  Hio*wan  signifies  a  Ictdle — a  bend  in  each  stream  known 
by  that  name  resembling  a  ladle,  seems  to  have  given  the  nama* 
That  the  resemblance  may  be  detected,  it  may  be  well  to  remark, 
that  the  Indian  ladle  is  a  very  crooked  ntensil,  with  the  handJi^ 
turned  quite  over  the  bowl. 

KosA-ko-nang^  or  more  properly,  EcNsh-kaw  a*nong,  (third  sylla- 
ble unnaccented,)  signifying  '^  the  lake  we  live  on,"  waa  for  many 
weeks,  the  lurking-place  of  the  families  of  Black  Hawk's  war* 
riorSj  in  the  troubles  of  1832. 

Wau-jpee-ty-seepef  or  Tooth  River,  a  tributary  of  the  Wisconsin 
above  Grand  Bapids.  Wau^peety  (full  accent  on  first,  and  half 
{iccent  on  second  syllable.)  signifies  <oo^Ar— Ghippewa  probably. 

Des  Plaines  River,  in  Racine  county,  or  more  properly,  Riv^ 
aux  Plaines,  named  by  the  French^  signifies,  ^/i  maple. 

Oconomewoc,  Scupemong,  Fewaukie,  Oshkosh,  Taycheedah, 
Wauwatoosah,  Techora,  Kanknlan,  and  a  host  of  other  mnaieal 
nappes  remain^  to  invite  the  elucidation  of  contribnibora,  amoag 
whom  I  hope  to  see  the  names  of  Governor  Doty  and  Kr.  £u«ii^ 

MiLWAUKsa,  July  10, 18i9. 


AlPPXlimiZ  NO.  Ifl. 


INDIAN  NOMENCLATURE  OF  NORTHERN  WISCONSIN, 

WITH  A  SKETCH  OF   THE   MANNERS  AND  CUB. 

TOMS  OF  THE  OHIPPEWAS. 

BT  laSLAM    CALKINS,    ESQ,,    OF    WATTSXtT. 

Being  pereonallj  nna^qmitnted  wtth  ibB  langoag^  of  the  Qiip- 
pewEB,  and  coosequently  their  customs,  I  have  taken  some  pftios  to 
procure  the  iirformation  desired  by  the  Htstorioal  Society.  I  first 
applied  by  letter,  and  then  in  person,  to  Mr.  Wiluam  Cboss,  trfko 
resides  in  the  northern  part  of  this  comty,  and  from  him  hare 
derived  Ae  necessary  data  to  enable  me  to  make  ap  the  na>rrative 
I  now  commnnicate.  For  want  of  time,  he  could  not  give  aU  the 
information  desired  by  the  Society,  but  he  aisnred  me  that  he  will 
pursue  the  subject  still  farther,  if  requested  to  do  so«  I  think  Mr. 
Gross  has  the  ability  to -give  as  corcect  iaformatioti  as  can  be  ob- 
tained relative  to  the  traditions  and  customa  of  the  Chippewa 
triboi  having  been  many  yeara  among  tbamt  wA  eajoyi«g  in  a 
high  degree  their  respect  and  confidence ;  and  beJDi^  «  g^^ 
seholar  beeide,  ia  able  to  eommunioate  correetty. 

Indian  curiosities,  such  as  wampum,  drums,  medals,  pijpea 
ef  peace,  war-dresses,  medicine  bags,  Ac,  Mr.  Oboss  informs  me 
eannot  be  procured,  except  by  purchase,  as  they  consider  them 
•acred  things,  and  place  a  high  'i^stimate  upon  them.  Should  any 
of  these  articles  be  desii^d  by  the  Society,  I  will  eudearor  topro- 
cure  them  when  instructed  to  do  so. 


180 

I  will  now  proceed  to  gire  a  list  of  the  Chippewa  names,  vitk 
-their  BignificationSy  of  the  tributary  streaiiie  of  the  WnoonaiA  rir- 
er,  from  the  Forks  down  to  Point  Bae,  a  distance  of  one  baa- 
dred  and  twenty-five  miles  by  land,  and  abont  two  hnndied  by  the 
river.  Of  the  Chippewa  terminations  Se-he  or  Se-pea  and  W0- 
^hanee^  theformer  signifies  river^  and  the  latter  creek. 

Ha-ua-to-hik-e-we-Se  be — Stooping  Spirit  River. 

8kan*awong-Sebe-we-shance — ^The  creek  that  nma  throagh 
l>lnffs. 

Shin-gwack-Se-be-we-shance — Little  Pine  Creek. 

Mnsh-ko-da-wnn-Se-be  we  shance — Little  Prairie  Creek. 

Os-ka-ki-ra  jaw-Se  be— New  Wood  Rirer. 

Peqaarbik-aa Se*be — ^Bocky  Slver,  better  known  ^aa  Ooppet 
River. 

Pau-gaw  do-waj-Se-be-we-shance — Ball  Play  Creek,  now  knowa 
as  Deoil  Creek. 

Mnsh-ko  d  ay  yaw-Se-be — Prai  rie  Rirer. 

6hingwack-8e-be — Pine  River. 

Tah  so-so  win-ing  6e-be— Dead  Fall  Rirer,  now  known  aa  Trtg^ 
jRiveir. 

O-pic-wnn-8  8e>be — ^Rib  River. 

Wahyaw  con-nt-ta-gaa-yaw-Se  be — Clear  Wafer  River,  now 
known  as  Eau  Claire. 

6he-shege-ma-we-she  can^Se-be — Soft  Maple  River,  now  known 
as  EcM  Pleine^  or  Fnll  Water. 

Ma  noHonin  a-kiing*a-kany*8e-be — ^Rice  Stalks  Rirer,  now  knowk 
as  Little  Eau  PUine. 

An  pah-ki-ra-kan-e-we^Se-be — ^Rtver  of  Flags,  now  known  aa 
Plcn>0t  JSwer. 

Wan-pee  tee-Se*be^Tooth  River,  now  known  as  JfiU  Creek. 

Tltere  are  several  rapids  and  falls  on  the  Wisconsin  river,  with. 
.most  of  which  the  Lidi&DS  have  some  snperdtitioiis  notions  associ- 
ated. The  first  is  a  smaU  rapid  jnst  below  the  Forks  of  the  Wis- 
^eonsin.  called  by  the  Ohippewas  Wa-bo  je-wun,  or  Narrow  Falls, 
indicative  of  their  character.    The  next  are  the  '^Brearbeanx^^ 


Iftl 

or  Grand  Fatber  Ball  Falls,  wbieh  are  tlio  la>gQ«t  on  iba  Wiaeon- 
ain,and  are  called  by  the  Indians  Eo*na-je-wan|  which  sfgpiftia 
the  Long  FaHs*  These  falls  are  two  milea  in  length,  hailing 
iliree  perpetidicalar  falls  of  several  feet  each  in  that  distaMe. 
There  is  said  to  be  one  hnndred  feet  fall  iu  these  three  SQdbesaive 
rapids.  Tbej  were  never  rnn  by  the  whites,  and  but  one  instaiiiSie 
is  kaown  i^nqong  the  Indians  of  anj  of  their  people  having  passed 
them  in  safety.  The  Indians  have  a  tradition,  that  there  is  a  great 
spirit  that  presides  over  these  falls,  to  which  they  naake  an  appro- 
priate offering.  A  portage  passes  around  the  falls  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river,  where  the  Indians  cariy  their  canoes  on  their 
beads  for  a  mile  and  a  half.  Abont  midway  on  the  p(»rtage  is  a 
solitary  rock,  about  ten  feet  in  circumference  at  the  base,  and  abont 
four  feet  high,  in  the  shape  of  a  cone  or  sngar-loaf,  on  which  the 
IndiaBS  make  an  offering  of  tobacco.  This  offering,  it  is  said,  is 
preserved  by  the  spirit  until  an  Indian  passes  along  destitute  of 
tobacco,  when  it  is  given  to  him. 

In  1S49,  these  falls  were  navigated,  in  a  baik  canoe,  for  the 
first  and  last  time  by  two  Indians — the  Black  Natl  and  the  Caow. 
At  the  head  of  the  falls  before  starting,  Caow  held  the  canoe  by  a 
rock  projecting  from  the  shore,  while  Black  Nah:.  made  a  prayer 
imd  an  offering  to  the  spirit  of  the  falls.    The  oflbrtng  consist^^d 
of  two  yards  of  scarlet  broad  cloth,  and  a  brass  kettle.      The 
prayer  was  in  these  words :  ''  O  Great  Spirit  of  the  Falls  t  I  inn- 
plore  thee  to  extend  thy  protecting  arm  over  us  as  we  run  these 
mighty  waters.    Mayest  thuu  strengthem  my  arm  and  my  paddle 
to  guide  my  oaooe  ttifely  down  these  dangerous  waters:    I  do  not 
iml^ore  thy  prdtecftioii^'for  nothing;  I  give  thee  two  yards  of  scar- 
let, and  a  brass  kettle  I"    Having  finished  his  pf»ayer,'fie  llirew 
ibe  offoring  ov^rboardi  and  grappled  his  paddle,  and  the  canoe 
weni  butmding  over  the  billows,  and  rati  the  falls  in  safety. 
'  Chippewa  namss  of  falls  or  rapids  on  A»  Wiseonsiu : 

Sa^se^je-wna—Falls  or  rapids; 

O-ska-kwa-yaw — New  Wood  rapids. 

Hush-ko  da  yaw— Praud^  ra|»ktsy  now  known  ^M  Jmnjf  BitU. 
16 


Kah'baiiaHm-fte'je'^iiii — O&e^rided  rapids,  now  called  Trap 
Hapiii. 

pAh-je4ak*a-k6niQg-ariilng— The  \irftter  that  falls  o?er  focks^ 
Mm  known  as  Biff  Bull  J^alle. 

Oh-kft-kan^'dah-go-kag — Spruce  falls,^ now  known  as  LUUe  Bull 

Mis-qna-wank^-sa  se-je-wan— Red  cedar  rapids,  now  known  as 
Qtmam^H  Rapids. 

Aii-d«-wa*gam— Two  sided  rapids,  now  known  as  Oranfs  Rap- 
ids. 

Ban-gab- je-wim — ^End  of  the  rapids,  now  called  Whitfuy  Rap- 
ids^ which  are  the  last  on  the  Wisconsin: 

Chippewa  names  of  towns  or  villages  on  the  Wisconsin : 

Mash  ko-da»yaw-Tosh-ko-bo-jc-gun — Jenny  Ball  Falls. 

Pah-je-tak-a-ke ninganing— Big  Bull  Palls,  now  called  Wau- 
«aa. 

Wahyaw-con-utta-guayaw — Eau  Olaire  Mills. 

Ohrka  kan-go  kag— Little  Bull  Mills. 

Nay-osh-ing"— The  Point,  now  known  as  Du  Bay^s  Trading 

Eah'kag*e*winch-e-min*it-e-gong — Hemlock  Island.  This  name 
ia  Applied  to  S^en^s  PaitUy  on  account  of  an  island  in  the  Wit- 
oonsin  opposite  to  the  yillage,  eoyered  with  hemlock,  which  is  a 
a  rare*  growth  in  that  region. 

Muab-ko-da*ny«— Plover,  the  county  seat  of  Porbige  county.  Hib 
Hie  meaning  of  this  Gbippewa  name  is  **  Prairie,"  giveu  on  ao- 
ocMiBt  of  the  prairie-like  country  around  it  The  trail  dividing  &e 
Ohippewa  and  Menomonee  lands  runs  thimgh  this  town.  Here 
the  twctribea  of  Indians  have  been  aocustomed  to  make  Ae  port- 
ly from  the  Wisconsin  to  Wolf  river,  by  carrying  their  eanow 
on  their  heads ;  the  uistance  aerosa  being  about  «ight  milea  Tbim 
portage  is  called  by  the  Qbippewas  Walk<bau«gaO  ning^  oAig^ 
meaning  the  JSoBtem  Portage.  The  terminatkiti  O^ingnab^nung, 
means  a  portage. 

▲htdah^w^gfim^Qiaad  lUq^'  Mllh. 


118 

(Xiii]^<>ah*ining — Portage  eity.    This  pltM  is  named  frona  the 
'  jKNrtage  between  like  Fax  and  Wieconsin  rivers. 

•Mo-iniDg  wah*ii»>em-iag— This  name  k  applied  to  La  Peinte, 

r<m  Lake  BoperioCy  aiid  signiieB  Ydkno  Wood'peahm'j  and  wais 

giren  on  aeeooDt  of  the  great  ^abimdaiiee  of  those  birdi  on  the 

ialand  on  wbieh  La  Poiote  ie  shoatad. 

* 

The  CSiippewas  in  Wisconsin  are  divided  into  sixteen  clans  or 
bands,  numbering  abont  foar  thousand  persons  altogether.  Eacli 
of  those  bands  Is  governed  by  a  chief,  and  each  has  a  head-brave 
or  war  captain,  who  leads  in  war ;  a  chief  orator,  who  speaks  for 
the  chief;  and  a  chief  medicine  man,  who  is  regarded  hj  the  In- 
dians as  gifted  with  the  spirit  of  prophesy.  Great  confidence  is 
placed  in  the  chief  medicine  man,  as  his  services  are  required  oi> 
all  eventful  occasions. 

The  Wisconsin  river  band  numbers  about  two  hundred  Indians, 
aod  occupies  the  country  from  the  Grand  Rapids  up  to  Tommy- 
Hawk  Lake.  The  Head  Chief  of  this  band  is  Osh  KA.-BA-wi8,or  I^ 
Messenger  ;  the  Head  Brave  is  Ka-kao-o  na  tosh,  or  The  Sparrow 
Bowk;  the  Chief  Orator  is  Now-o-ooh-ick,  or  The  Centre  of  the 
B:^Hh  ;  and  the  Chief  Medicine  Man  or  Conjurer,  is  Mah-oa-da- 
o-QUsa  A,  or  The  Black  Nail^  who  performed  the  feat  of  descend- 
ing the  Long  Falls  in  his  canoe,  and  is  represented  by  the  other 
Indians  as  being  a  great  Medicine  Man.  He  is  always  called  upon, 
Ihr  and  near,  in  cases  of  sickness,  or  in  the  absence  of  relatives, 
to  foretdl  whether  the  rickness  will  prove  fatal,  or  whether  the 
friends  will  return  in  safety,  and  at  what  time.  He  is  also  con- 
nlted  by  the  Indians  when  they  go  out  to  hunt  the  bear,  to  fore- 
tell whether  success  will  crown  their  efforts.  Before  performing 
diese  services,  he  is  always  paid  by  the  Indians,with  such  articles 
as  tbej  have,  wbieh  generally  eoosist  of  tobacco,  steel^traps, 
AeHlesy .  broad  elo(;k,  esilieo^  and  a  variety  of  other  commodities. 
Hieiiraally  peffoma  after  dark,  iua  wigwam  just  large  enough  to 
•dnit  of  hie  staading  ereet  This  lodge  or  wigwam  is  tightly 
^onm^AmA  nafii,  ao  as  m&vAj  to  aMlede  aU  light  and  the  pry- 


Hi 

ing  cnriofiity  of  all  ont-siders.  ^a^ing  no  light  wUbin  tiielo^ge, 
the  aclB  and  utterances  of  the  Medicine  Man  orOoKJiirerare  re* 
garded  as  mysterioas,  and  credolotisly  received  bj  tlie  W(»nderii^ 
crowd  surrounding  the  tent.  He  first  prepares  himself  in  his 
family  wigwam  by  st3*ipping  (iff  all  hio  cbthing,  wheD^ieemfergea 
aingingi  and  the  Indians  oat  side  join  him  in  the  song  with  their 
drams,  and  accompany  him  to  Uie  lodge^  which  he  enters  alone. 
TTpon  entering,  the  lodge  commences  sba^King  violently,  which  is 
supposed  by  the  Indiafis  out  side,  to  be  caused  by  the  spirits. — 
The  shaking  of  the  lodge  produces  a  great  noise  by  the  rattling  of 
bells  and  deers'  hoofs  fastened  to  the  poles  of  the  lodge  at  the 
top,  and,  at  the  same  time,  three  voices  are  distinctly  heard  inter- 
mingled with  this  noise.  One  is  a  very  heavy  hoarse  voice,whieli 
the  Indians  are  made  to  believe  is  that  of  the  Q«bat  Spx&it  ;  anoth- 
er is  a  very  tine  voice,  represented  to  be  that  of  a  Small  J^rU^ 
while  the  third  is  that  of  the  Medicine  Man  himself. .  He  pretends 
that  the  Gkbit  Spiarr  converses  in  the  heavy  voice  to  the  lesser 
spirit,  unintelligibly  to  the  conjurer,  and  the  lesser  spiiit  inter- 
.prets  it  to  him,  and  be  communicates  tlie  intelligence  to  his  breth- 
ren without.  The  cerem  my  lasts  about  three  hojurs^  when  lie 
comes  out,  in  a  h-gh  state  of  perspiration,  supposed  by  the  aaper- 
stitious  Indians,  to  be  produced  by  mental  exeitement. 

The  present  chief  of  this  band,  O^n  ka-ba.  wis,  is  a  very  sensi- 
ble, intelligent  Indian.  He  went  to  Washington  during  Presideat 
Folk's  administration,  in  company  with  other  chiefs,  to  obtain  r^ 
dress  for  some  grievances  about  their  payments.  They  secured 
an  appropriation  of  $6,000,  but  were  cheated  out  of  it  by  the  ia- 
terpreter  who  went  with  them,  who  having  charge  of  the  moncj^ 
hid  $5,000  of  it,  and  soon  after  died,  so  that  the  Indiana  got  oaljr 
$1,000  of  the  amount. 

Each  of  the  other  bands  occupies  a  separate  tract  of  coimtry  §m 
hunting  purpe^ses.  The  Chippewas  all  belocig  to  certain  liuftil^ 
tribes  or  totums»  Those  belonging  to  the  sa«»e  totem,  are  eoa- 
aidered  brothers  and  sisters,  and  consequently  never  Diarrjr.--»- 
These  family  totems  or  dsMgnaitiunsy  are  taken  ftom  some  familisr 


lis 

lining  olgedt,  aooh  m  the  bMr,  tbe  wild  goote,  fiih,  sand-bill 
enine,  ete.---beaoe  the  bear  eiao  or  t^iteniy  snd  so  ot  otbeta.  Air 
iitO«t  werj  thing  that  iubabita  land  or  waler,  is  adopted  by  eertatu 
Indians  as  their  totem,  ami  sooie  of  Ibe  Indians  belong  to  differ* 
est  elaas  or  totems  at  tlie  same  time.  These  marks  or  totems  de- 
teend  from  the  itither  to  the  son.  When  a  warrior  goes  to  war 
and  takes  a  scalp  from  the  enemy,  he  eeiKls  or  takes  it  to  his  fami- 
]y  clan  or  totem/that  tfaej  may  dance  orerandaroand  the  trophy, 
and  recite  his  deeds  of  yaior.  They  call  their  fkmily  or  tribal 
niuse  to  iame^  or  Mem. 

The  Ohippewas  bare  a  singnlar  custom  about  hunting  the  bear 
in  winter.  Journeying  from  place  to  placoi  whenever  they  camp 
after  dark,  the  hunters  all  assemble  in  a  wigwam  by  themselreSy 
excluding  the  squaws  and  children.  They  generally  assemble  at 
the  lodge  of  the  chief  Medicine  Man  of  the  camp,  who  presides 
orer  the  ceremonies,  which  are  commenced  by  beating  on  the 
medicine-drum,  and  singing  a  certain  number  of  songs,  which  are 
sung  only  on  these  occasions.  The  chief  Medicine  Man  sits  in  tbe 
middle  of  the  lodge,  with  some  broad  cloth  and  calico  spread  be- 
fore him,  tt^gether  with  a  stuffed  cub  bear-skin,  while  his  pipe  or 
calumet,  already  filled,  is  placed  before  him  on  two  crotched  sticks. 
He  then  addresses  the  bear  in  this  wise:  ^'O,  my  brother!  we 
are  very  hungry;  we  are  on  the  point  of  starving,  and  I  wish  you 
to  have  pity  on  us,  and  to-morrow  when  the  young  men  go  out  to 
Imnt  you,  I  want  you  to  show  yourself.  I  know  rerj  well  that  you 
are  concealed  somewhere  close  by  my  camp  here.  I  give  you  my 
pipe  to  smoke  out  of,  and  I  wish  you  would  have  pity  on  us,  and 
give  us  your  body  that  we  may  eat  and  not  starve."  Having  thus 
apoken,  he  takes  the  medicine-drum  and  beats  on  it,  accompany- 
ing it  with  some  songs  that  he  recites  from  two  small  boards,  on 
which  they  are  written  in  hieroglyphics.  When  he  gets  through, 
he  passes  the  drum  and  boards  to  the  next  Indian,  and  so  on 
around,  till  all  have  sung  and  beaten  the  same  thing.  The  per- 
formance generally  lasts  about  four  hours,  when  they  retire  to  their 
aeveral  lodges.    In  the  morningi  the  hantera  all  go  to  the  medi«^ 


1S6' 

cioie  bag  of  tkiB  chief  Hedteiae  Han^  which  k  gentraHy  siupwid* 
ed  from  a  small  tree,  and  take  from  it  Bome  vermillioa  with  wbioh- 
they  paint  tbemfielvesy  aad  the  noses  of  their  doge.  Thus  pie- 
pared,  they  start  on  the  htiat  in  different  directions,  and  being  m- 
spired  with  faith  and  goaded  on  by  huoger,  they  are  aknoatBara 
of  success  before  nights 

Other  customs  fLre  obserTed  by  them,  which  also  indicate  the. 
superstition  of  the  Ohippewas.  I  will  notice  that  of  the  burial  of 
their  dead.  When  an  Indian  dies,  they  believe,  as  did  their  ibre* 
fathers,  that  he  has  gone  to  better  hunting-greunds,  and  has  need 
only  of  &j  much  provision  as  wiU  be  sufElcient  to  carry  him  tfaroiigli 
the  journey ;  and  when  there,  that  he  is  endowed  with  a  benevo* 
lent  spirit,  and  in  order  that  he  may  exercise  it,  the  Indians  make 
frequent  offerings  of  such  articles  as  they  can  spfure,  by  placing 
them  at  the  head  of  the  grave,  when  any  destitute  Indian  coming 
along,  and  finding  the  offering,  accepts  it  as  a  git^  from  the  beaei* 
Yolent  spirit  of  the  dead. 

July  10th>  1864. 


MOb  13. 


REMINISCENCES  OF  WISCONSIN, 

No.  l.-THE  JUDICIAET  OF  WISCONSIN  IN  18*7-8. 

Xfae  Temtoiy  of  Wiaei>CBio  wm  oi^anised  in  Jalj,  1880.    It 
WAB  divided  into  three  Jadioial  DiBtiicts.    Jud^  Dhnk  was  ap^* 
pointed  fi>r  the  Weateirti  Difttrict,  JndgelswiKlbrthe  Middle,  and' 
Judge  VrazxbMj  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  Eaa^^rn.    Judge  Feazies 
amved  in  Milwsokee  on  mSanday  eveahig,  in  June,  1887.    He* 
put  up  at  tke  small  boCel  which  stood  where  ^^  IXckerman's  Block  ^' 
n9^w  stands,  which  was.  called  the    ♦**♦♦*»    Tkvem, 
kept  bj  Mr.  YAit*      On  his  arrival,  he  fell  in  with  some  old 
Kentucky  friends,  who  invited  hka  to  a  private  room^  for '  the 
purpose  of  participating  in  .an  innocent  game  of  ^^poker.^^    1%e' 
party  consisted  of  the  Jadge,  Col.  Mobtok,  Begister  of  the  Land 
Office,  and  two  or  three  odLers-^frieads  of  the  Judge.    They  com* 
menced  playing  for  small  sums  at  first,  but  iticreased  them  as  the 
hours  passed,  UDtil  the  dawn  of  day,  the  next  moming--when 
small  sums,  seemed  beneath  their  notice.    The  first  approach  of  • 
day  was  heralded  to  them  by  the  ringingof  the  bell  for  breakfast. 
The  Judge  made  a  gmat  many  apologiee,  sajing,  among  otiier 
things,  that  as  that  was  his  first  appearance  in  the  Territory,  and  as 
his  court  opened  at  10  o'clock  that  morning,  he  must  hare  a  little ' 


188 

time  to  prepare  a  charge  to  the  Grand  Jury.  He  therefore  hoped 
that  thej  would  excuse  him,  which  they  accordinglj  did,  and  he 
withdrew  from  the  party.  The  court  met  at  the  appointed  hoar — 
OwBH  Aldrich  acting  as  Sheriff^  and  Ctaus  Hawlvt  as  Clerk. 
The  Orand  Jury  was  called  and  sworn.  The  Judge,  with  much 
dignity,  commenced  his  charge ;  and  never  before  did  we  bear 
such  a  charge  poured  forth  from  the  bench  I  After  charging  them 
vpon  the  laws  generally,  he  alluded  to  the  statute  against  gambling. 
The  Englibh  language  is  too  barren  to  describe  his  abhorrence  of 
that  crime.  Among  other  extravagances,  he  said,  that  ^'  a  gambler 
was  unfit  for  earth,  heaven  or  heL,''  and  that  ^^Otnl  Almighty 
would  even  shudder  at  the  sight  of  one." 

At  that  time,  we  had  but  one  session  of  the  Legislature,  which 
had  adopted  mostly  the  statutes  of  Michigan,  which  allowed  the 
Court  to  ezercies  its  discretion  in  granting  stays  of  execntioDfi^ 
&o.  A  suit  came  up  against  a  man  in  the  Second  Ward,  who  had 
no  connsel.  The  Judge  ordered  the  crier  to  call  the  defendant. 
He  did  so,  and  the  defendant  appeared.  The  Judge  axkei  him 
if  he  had  anything  to  say  against  judgment  being  rendered  against 
him.  He  replied,,  that  ha  did  not  know  tiiat  he  had,  as  it  was  an 
hooest  debt,  but  that  he  sraa  onable  to  pay  it  The  Judge  inquired 
what  his  occupation  was.  He  replied  that  he  was  a  fisheniian. — 
Bays  the  Judge,  ^^Oan  yon  pay  it  in  fiah?''  The  defendant  an- 
swered, tbaib  ^'  he  did  not  kqonr  bat  he  aduld,  if  he  had  time  to- 
eatoh  them.''  The  Jndge  tamed  to  the' clerk,  and  ordered  him  to 
^  enter  up  a  judgment,  payable  in  fish, and  gtant  a  stajr  of  execti-' 
tion  Ipr  twelve  months ;"  at  the  same  time  femarktng  to  the  de- 
fendant, that  he  must  surely  pay  it  at  the  time^  and  in  good^A  \ 
for  he  wouhi  not  be  willing  to  wait.ao  long  for'  <*  stieking  fish.'' 
The  next  snit  worthy  of  notoy  was  against  Wh.  M^  Dbmiiis,  onr 
present  Bank  Comptroller^  Het,  Jike  his  predecessor,  had  no 
tounseL  His  name  was  called^  and  he  soon  tnaie  his  appearance. 
He  entered  the  0«/urt-room,  wearing' his  hqbaI  snrile,  whittling, 
with  his  knife  in  the  left  hand.  Tbs.Conrft  addressed  him  an  a 
load  voice,  ^  What  are  yon  grinning  about,  Mr*  I>Mtnii»V*    Mr. 


12» 

0.  replied,  that  be  was  not  aware  that  be  was  langTnng.  The 
CSourtiuquired  if  he  proposed  to  offer  any  dt'fciice?  He  replied^ 
that  he  did,  but  was  not  ready  for  trial.  "No  matter,"  said  the 
Ittdj^e,  *^  there's  enough  that  are  ready;  the  clerk  will  enter  it 
*  continued,**'  The  next  case,  about  which  we  recollect,  was  the 
trial  of  two  Indians,  who  were  Tndicted  for  murdering  a  man  on 
Sock  liyer.  They  were  also  indicted  for  an  as^^ault,  with  intent  to 
kill,  upon  another  roan,  at  the  same  time.  The  trial  for  murder 
came  off  first.  They  were  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  be 
hanged.  On  the  day  following,  they  were  tried  for  the  assault, 
Ae.,  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  five  years  imprisonment,  and 
to  pay  a  fine  of  five  hundred  dollars  each.  Oovernor  Dodob^ 
however,  deeming  it  tpo  severe  to  fine  and  imprison  a  man  after 
he  was  hanged,  commuted  it  to  imprisonment  for  life.  The  in* 
diaos  were  confined  in  a  jail  a  year  or  two,  but  were  finally  par» 
dooed  by  the  Governor. 

Judge  Fbaztbb  soon  afterwards  went  to  Green  Bay,  and  held  m 
Court,  from  whence,  for  want  t>f  a  jail  in  which  to  confine  prison- 
ers, he  sentenced  a  man,  fur  some  tiifling  offence,  '^  to  be  banished 
to  Turkey  river .^  Aft^r  the  Cmrt  adjowned,  he  returned  to  Mil- 
waukee on  the  fteatnboafc  Pennsylvania.  4She  Ancliofed  in  the 
bay^atiA  the^  Judge,  who  watf  deadtirtink  at  the  t\m^l  was  lo^etetf 
by-meaneof  a  tackle,  -into  a  boat^  and  rowed  to  the  landing;  at 
Walker^  Point  Ff^m  the'  effect  of  \hh  bacdhanalian  reveil  he 
isoverf  reeirvored.  His  friend,  <!bl.  MbwrbK,  ti»*k'  him  to  hri  ownf 
hoffi^^  catted  to  his  atd.our  heBt'|>fiy^Mah4,.  <ihd  aft  was  done  th^t 
httinan  skill  could  device,  f^'^r  the  Vesto^tion  6f  hfs  health ;  l)Ut  It 
Wmioo  luf^;  tli^sH^ds  of  death  liW  been  s^wn ;  he  lingei^d  in 
gf%at  .dlfttf es»  for  f>ar'o^  five  dtlys,  a^d  'bl^thed  hit  last.*  ¥ire' 
ibottiMrs  of- the  ftar,'g*tierallr,  lieglicted  ty  atfend  the  funeral  ;^ 
Atid  Uftvirtg  ho  relatlvesin  theState,  he  liardly  reoei^d  a  decetif 
hnrikl.  llW  i^maihs  i^tei-efvllowed^'to  theit'lttst  re.^^tmg  place  by 
dtily  tfrcl'iil#fnbdrtr  <)f  ^ihe  Sar,  (Messrs.  Ai^pold  ai'id  OkoCKER,)  bcK 

*  Hon.  Wi^.uji  C.  F»Aj(iM,  ,A»oc4(to  Jad^  for  ^tbe  Territory  nf  Wiscofwln,  died  at 
]g0#Auki9e,  OcL  IdJa  l^i,  agod  thlj-iwo  y«an.^^»itfriMii  Aitnama,  i64X>. 

»       17 


130 

sides  a  few  friends.    Tbej  now  remain  in  tbe  old  cburch-jard  m 
Jthe  First  Ward,  without  even  a  slab  to  maik  the  spot. 


The  above  sketch  was  written  by  us  from  memory,  for  tbe  Wis- 
i^ansin,  last  summer.  Wo  nowrepublish  it  for  the  purpose  of  doing 
simple  justice  to  the  living,  by  adding  that  we  have  since  learned 
that  a  son  of  Judge  Fbazieb  came  to  Milwaukee  some  years  since, 
and  had  the  remains  of  his  father  removed  to  the  new  church- 
yard in  tlie  Fifth  Ward,  and  proper  tombstones  erected  over  them. 

December  6, 1854. 


*      No.  2.— MILWAUKEE  AND  SOLOMON  JUNEA.U. 

SoLOHOK  Jthsoulv  was  the  first  white  settler  in  Milwaukee.  He 
-  was  a  native  of  Canada,  and  immigrated  to  that  place  in  the  t$3i 
ef  18i8,  and  built  him  a  log  <sabin  ammig  tbe  natives.  At  that 
time  his  family  consisted  of  a  wife  and  one  child.  His  nearest 
white  neighbors  were  at  Chioago,  Green  Bay  and  Frairie  do 
Cbien.  He  kept  a  few  goods  suitable  for  the  Indian  trade,  and 
ibr  the  first  seventeen  years  he  wa9  not  only  the  only  merchant  in 
the  place,  but  tbe  only  while  man.  During  that  period,  a  few  In* 
dian  traaers  were  oecaaionally  there,  but  not  permanently  looated* 
In  the  spring  of  1885,  a  land  office  having  been  previoialy  ee* 
tablisbed  at  Qreen  Bay,  this  land  was  brought  into  market,  and 
Mr.  JiTVBAu  parcbased  a  small  tract  consisting  of  about  180 
acres,  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  directly  north  of  Wis- 
-conain-street  Previous  to  this  timp,  Gbo.  H.  Wauobb,  Esq.,  had. 
«come  and  made  a  claim  on  what  is  now  called  ^*  Walker's  Point,^ 
wtiich  he  subsequently  obtained  a  title  to.     ByaoN  Sjlbousr^ 


181 

Efsq,,  alymt  that  time  purchased  a  tract  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river,  which  has  from  that  time  been  known  hj  the  name  of  ^  Kfl- 
bt»nmTnwn."    Danibl  Wells,  Jr.,   W.  W.  Otlmak,  Qbo.  DJ 
D  ohHAK,  E.  W.  EuoBRTOK,  T.  C.   DorrsMAK,  Geo.  O.  Ttffakt,  D. 
II.  liioHABOfi,  William  Bkowir,  Jr.,  Milo  Jonis,  Enoch  DABtma, 
and  otbe  s  itiiuiigrated  abont  the  same  time,  and  made  large  pmr* 
chast'Sof  lands.    In  the  course  of  the  summer  of  1835,  a  number' 
ol  good  buildings  were  erected,  and  a  great  manj  eastern  speca- 
lattirs  came  and  bought  lands  at  high  priced.    Mr.  JtnnsAtr,  about 
this  time,  sold  an  undivided  interest  in  his  lands  to  Mobqah  L. 
Mabtin     He  built  a  fine  dwdliig-bonse  to  the  lot  where  Mitotf- 
XLL'sBankiogbonse  now  stands;  also  a  lai»gQ  0tom  abd  ware-^ 
himse  on  what  is  now  known  as  *'  Lndington's  Oomer/*    In  16M| 
wheii  we  came,  he  was  doing  a  large  business  both  in  selling 
gai>ds  and  lots.    During  that  season^  some  two  or  thhee  hundred  • 
thousand  dollars'  worth  of  goods  had  been  brought  there  to  sell. 
Or^'Uttd  rent  was  nearlj  as  high  as  it  is  now.    A  merchant  with  a . 
stock  of  gi  iods  would  arriTe  oae  day,  and  by  the  next  daj  nodii  he  > 
would  have  a  8t>*re  ootnpleted  toxqpen  in.    Things  wetre  done  cm  ' 
the  Calitbinia  principle.    They  were  usually  built  of  Pough  boards  ' 
with  a  '^  grass  floor,''  and  in  several  instf^neesa  blanket  was  bung 
up  for  a  partitiou,  and  oue-half  of  the  tenement  rented  to  aiK>tk#r 
for  a  dollar  a  day.    The  town  was  flooded  wi|h  qpeoulatara^  and  • 
all  made  money  until  the  non-residents  left  and  iHtvigttticn  elosed^ 
when  a  sudden  change  ^^  came  o'er  the  spirit  of  their  dreams*" 

The  town  was  left  with  a  large  stoek  of  goods,  and  but  few  inhab* 
itants.    Merchants  and  other  business  men  enjoyed  the  wimet^in 
the  best  possible  manner.    During  the  fitU  quite  a  large  number  ^ 
of  aetnal  settlers  had  arriTed^  of  the  right  stamp,  among  wbont  ' 
was  fl.  N.  ITells,  J.  E.  Arnold,  Henry  Williams,  Hans  Crocker^  ' 
J.  HL  Tweedy,  L.  Blossom,  J.  W.Piiley,  8.  H.  MartiD;eto.  P. 
Dclaplaine,  Oeo.  Beed,  Ojrus  Hawley,  Fred.  Wardner,  A.  O.  T. 
Breed,  Eliphalet  Cramer,  Rufus  Parka^  Curtis  Beed,  Orson  Beed, 
WilliaBft  M.  Dttunis,  Traman  L.  Smith,  Edmond  D.  OUulon»  A.  A. 
Birdy  nnd  manj  othen,  whom  tuna  will  net  allow  ui  to  meati^iL 


1» 

AU  had  been  doing  a  "land  office  bosuiess/'  an  J  had  pknty  of 
monej  lett  to  wioter  on.  At  this  time  onr  old  friend  Jvnbau  was 
aappoe^sd  to  be  worth  at  lea«t  $100,000  with  a  fair  prospect  of  its 
being  diMibled  b?  the  rise  of  land  in  the  spring.  We  haire  oftea 
seen  biin  in  those  dajrs  go  into  his  store,  after  basiness  hours  were 
oveTi  and  take  from  tho  drawers  the  nionej  that  his  cleiks  liad  re- 
eeived  during  the  daj  for  goods  and  lots,  amonnting  often  to  8  or 
10^000  dollars,  and  put  itluose  in  his  hat;  and  upon  one  occasioB 
we  recollect  of  hisoat  being  knocked  off  in  a  plajfol  crowd,  when 
sone  $10,000  flew  in  rarions  dhreotiuns.  lo  short,  monej  seemed 
to  he  of  no  earthly  u^e  to  falaEu  If  a  man  called  npon  him  to  sub- 
scribe fcir  either  m  poblic  improvement  or  a  charitable  objeot^ 
wbntQvef  was  reqslred  he  sabseribed,  without  askiag  whj  or 
whfirefore^  In  the  meantime  he  had  looked  on  and  seen  otheiw 
gf^t  rich  on  the  rise  of  property  that  he  had  sold,  and  be  eom* 
mfmeed  bejingback  lots  and  paying  thousands  for  those  he  had 
piieviously  sold  foir  httndi'ed&  We  tecullect  rerj  well  one  cimom* 
staaqei  bis  re-purahasing  the  comer  lot,  near  Tonags'  Hall,  for 
$t^700|  wbiob  be  Jiad  sold  the  year  previous  for  $475.  He  was 
ti^illy  iui  t^  langna^  of  the  poet,  ^<  The  nobleat  work  of  God|  an 
hoMrt  mm»^    He  had  implicit  eonfidenoe  in  every  body. 

Theepringof  1887  disappt»intcd  all  onr  anticipations.  A  general 
stagnation  in  baainess  prevailed  in  all  directions.  Immigration 
had  almost  entirely  Mhn  oflP.  Our  currency  whirfi  was  mostly  of 
the  Itiebigan  ^^  Wild  Git,"  stamp  was  no  longer  a  legal  tender. — 
There  was  <k>  saile  for  real  estate.  The.  secoad  payments  were  be- 
coieinf  di^ottt  porchawsof  real  eatttto,  and  all  who  supposed  tbe«^ 
aelves.riMli  ialatids,  were  not  only  ^iestsldte  of  money,  butthe  means 
tonaUe-'t.  Soiue  who  were  able  to  hold  on,ki^t  tbeir  property  mi-- 
til  they  .^uld  get  a  handsome  ad^aniie ;  wliile  theniajbrity  Wei« 
coii|pel)eA  t^o  f^]l  for  what  tbey  couM  get,  aoad  baakroipfoy  was  tbe 
iueyitable  rQsalt.  .         '         ^ 

AtlHis  thiK!,  there  wera  but  a  few  settlomcnts  !h  the  interior;; 
biU/tbi  bsrd  t^inies  whiclr  eonftnned  tlirongh  the  years  IBSt  and 
ISJUy induced  ifiasiy  to  iMlve  Hilweiikee  and  locate  a  *  claim.^— 


138 

Thd  iMda  between  Mit^Mnbee  and  lEMk  TtTr er  wiire  Ihmi  murrey- 
miy  but  werB  not  brought  into  market  uiidl  the  fall  iff  1%M.  Dt^ 
nag  this  time  they  had  become  thickly  fiettled,  isind  many  of  theta 
quibd  ralnabie.  The  hard  ttmes  tt  the  East  had  led  iiitay  to  seek 
s  home  in  the  West ;  and  in  the  fall  ef  1S99,  when  th66e  lands 
came  into  market,  many  of  them  had  been  so  improred  that  they 
were  worth  from  $10  to  $100  an  acre,  while  the  occupants  had  not 
the  first  ^'red  cent"  to  buy  them  with.  Consequently,  a  large 
proportion  of  the  settlers  Yfere  compelled  to  either  pell  their  im* 
proveraents  for  what  they  could  get,  or  pay  from  25  to  60  per 
cent  for  money  to  enter  their  lands  with. 

About  this  time,  A lbx.  Mitchell,  Habtkt  Birchabd,  the  Messrs. 
LuDiNoroN8,.S.  Eldbbd  anfd  other  capitalists  oame  to  Milwaukee, 
and  purchased  lots  at  $100  each,  that  had  previously  been  i»old 
from  $(,000  to  $1,500,  and  ^re  now  selling  from  $5,000  to  $i 5,000 
each.  From  that  day  to  this,  "the  riae  and  progress"  of  Milwau- 
kee has  been  steadv  ^nd  onward.  The  price  of  land  has  con- 
tinned  to  advatice  with  the  increase  of  business,  and  nearly  all  w||io 
commenced  in  business  there  at  that  time,  and  continued  to  the 
present,  have  become  wealthy  and  independent.  In  1846,  the 
liOgislature  passed  an  act  to  divide  lisfllwaukee  county,  and  estab- 
lish the  county  of  Waukesha;  also  another  to  incorporate  the  city 
of  Milwaukee.  At  the  first  charter  electioa  in  tbenew  city^Stti.- 
ossojr  JuMKAV  was  eleote4  Mayor^  which  was  a  wetlyoterited  eoih* 

piiment  to  the  **old  pioneer.^* 

»«         ««  «*         ««         « 

Hr.  Juneau,  subsequently,  left  Milwaukee,  and  settled  at  Ibe 

Tillage  of  Theresa,  in  Dodge  county,  (the  name  of  which  should 

be  ehanged  to  Juneau,)  where  ho  still  resides.     He  has  now  a 

iBrge  family,  and  we  learn,^  that  by  hard  labor,  hegi^ts  a  comfort-. 

bio  living. 

«  «  *  *  «««  «« 

We  have  spun  this  yarn  much  longer  thatt  we  intended ;  but  the 
iiaitie  of  '^oldSolom  ),''  as  the  Indians  nsed  to  call  him,  brings  wi|h 
it  eo  many  ^^sweet  recollections  of  the  past,"  thfttwe  CQuld  fiml  ao 


134 

•topping  place  ontil  oar  sheet  was  fnlL  A  notice  of  him  whieb  w% 
copied  last  week  from  the  (rreeo  Baj^^tfooo^  which  stated  thai 
^  Mr.  JoKBAU  left  that  place  in  IbSi)/'  has  prompted  na  to  cov- 
rect  that  error,*  and  give  this  hasty  sketch  of  a  man  who  la  txu)j 
•neof  Nature's  Noblemea. 


No.  8.-8KETCH  OF  WAUKESHA. 

Waukesha  was  or  JgiDally  called  "Prairie  Village."  Afterwards, 
the  Legislature  changed  it  to  ^'Prairievilie  ;"  and  after  the  county 
was  set  off  irom  Milwaukee,  it  was  changed  to  Waukesha.  Tbe 
first  white  settlers  were  Messrs.  M.  D.  and  A.  K  Cutlkb,  John 

If  AHDKEViLLK  and LuTHBB.    Thcj  camo  here  in  the  spring  of 

1834,  not  very  long  after  the  close  of  the  "Black  Hawk  War.** 
At  that  time  the  land  had  been  purchased  of  the  Indians ;   yet,  in 


*  The  editor  of  tbo  Gretn  Bay  AdvowU,  Hon.  C.  D.  Robikaoit,  thut  Dotices  thissketck 
«f  Hio  old  frfoiveer  of  MUwicikee.  and  famishes  some  addttiimal  facte  ivlative  to  early 
JIU wavkee  eeUlen :  **  The  Wwketka  PtMndtolrt  has  a  kngth  j  noiioe  of  Bon.  Sou>«o9r 
JwKBAV,  who,  it  says,  was  the  first  white  settler  in  Milwaukee,  and  eurrecta  our  error  in 
■Uiing  that  he  left  here  (Green  Bay, )  some  time  about  18S0.  The  brief  artirle  which 
ve  made  at  the  time  was  penned  wiihoot  any  definite  knowledge  of  Mr.  JeifCAu'e  earlj 
fcbtory,  ^ther  than  that  we  beheTod  him  to  be  the  first  eettler  uf  Mil  thankee,  and  sop- 
ppeed»  though  erroneously,  that  he  went  there  fnM»  Oreen  Bay. 

We  were  reminded  by  Mr.  ▲.J  YiiAn.  of  this  place,  that  his  father,  Mr.  Jab  Visai^ 
Sen.,  emigrated  to  and  settled  in  Milwaukee  some  years  before  ^'r.JuKSAn  went  there; 
a»«l  that  before  Mr.  Viiav  came, other  white  men  hMd  settled  there.  Kt.  J.  B.  Bkaubiw, 
B*w  of  Chicago,  had  already  been  there  some  yeaia  before  Mr.  Virau,  and  a  Mr.  Lafrox- 
MKHi,  who^  children  now  lire  in  Chicago,  wna  there  some  time  liufore  Mr  Bkaubibji. 

These  f  irts  touch  only  the  qneetion,  of  cooreet  as  to  the  Jird  white  settler  of  Milwa«- 
kee.  That  Mr.  Juviav  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  founding  the  city,  and  taking  an  ao- 
IEtc  and  honorable  part  in  its  early  gi>Temment|  and  in  coutributiug  in  a  y9ry  great  de- 
gree to  lis  prosperity,  then  is  no  doabk" 


136 

accordance  with  the  Treaty,  they  remained  in  possession  of  it  np  ' 
to  the  summer  of  1830,  when  it  was  saryeyed  by  the  General 
Government  The  MesRrs.  Cutleb  built  the  first  *'Iog  cabin**  la  ' 
this  town  in  the  year  1334.  It  was  located  near  where  Messrs/' 
Blair  &  Smith's  machine  shop  now  stands.  Mr.  Mandebyillb  at 
that  time  made  a  ^^claim'*  on  what  is  now  the  ^'schdol  section.'' 
Mr.  Ldthbb  claimed  the  land  where  Mr.  Mbtieb  now  resides,  on 
section  ^,  in  this  town.  Theae  were  the  oaly  settlers  who  eame 
here  that  year.  At  that  time  laiue  tribes  of  Indiana  were  locatei 
m  this  eoanty.  Their  head  quarters  were  at  this  place;  yet  their 
i»iffwathM  were  scattered  np  and  down  the  Fox  Rirer,  {or  PiBh- 
taia^  as  thay  called  it,)  from  Mnkwonago  to  Pewaakee  Lake ;. 
snd  for  the  first  two  or  three  years  they  were  a  fc^at  annoyanee 
to  the  white  settlers.  There  being  do  fences,  the  settlers'  cattle- 
wookl  often  get  among  the  Indians'  com  fiolde,  and  cansed  moclv 
tronble.  The  Indians  being  legally  in  possession  of  the  land,  andf 
hating  the  Bnmbers  and  power  to  rule,  wonld  demand  such  dam- 
ages ae  they  saw  fit ;  and  ^on  one  occasion  claimed  and  received 
of  the  Messrs.  O0rLEB  a  fat  ox  for  the  damage  he  had  done  thenr 
com.  In  the  spring  oIl  1835,  Mn  MoMillak  and  family  came 
and  built  a  cabin  where  the  Oourt  House  now  stands.  Mr.  A.  O. 
KiOKELL  and  Dr.  OoaMWA^xx  located  on  the  south  part  of  the  farm 
now  owned  bj  Mr.  Niokkll.  Mr.  I&4.  SrEW^BT  located  on  what 
is  now  known  as  the  '^Ousbman  ikrm/'  and  Messrs.  IsAiLO  and 
SiGHAJBD  SicABr  locBted  where  they  now  lire*  These  were  the  on-- 
\j  settlers  who  came  that  year. 

During  the  summer  and  fall  of  1836,  Mr. Mubbat  loca- 
ted on  what  is  now  William  VTHrrfi's  farm.  Messrs.  Nelson  and 
THoe.  H.  0li9  located  on  what  is  now  known  as  the  ^Hj^ale  fkru.'^ 
Mr.  Sbbgkamt  located  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  near  the  w^ 
ter-power.  Soon  afterwards,  this  townshio  was  surveyed,  when  It 
seemed  that  the  Messrs.  Cutlkb,  MoMillan  and  Skbgeant  were 
all  on  one  quarter  section,  where  the  village  and  inills  are  now 
Licated.  This,  for  some  length  of  time,  was  a  bone  of  contention^ 
all  being  auxions  to  '^claim''  tbe  water-power.    lu  the  faU  of  that 


year,  Mr  Nathakiel  Waltow,  with  his  fsmilj,  lociited  whem 
thej  Btiil  reside,  near  this  villnge.  Up  to  this  time,  Mrs.  MoMnir 
VAM  was  the  oul  j  white  woman  in  this  part  ef  the  conntrj ;  eoiiaa- 
<^aeDtl^'  there  was  no  tea  table  gossip  at  that  time.  Mr.  MoMiUrAM'a 
cabin,  which  v«s  abont  16  bj  21  feet,  was  the  onlj  public  hoiue 
in  the  place,  and  an  interesting  spot  it  was,  too* 

At  that  time  we  weve  Iof«ted  at  Milwaukee,  and  came  oat  hdpie 
t^fteo.  Upon  one  occaaion,  we  atepped  with  twelve  others  at  this 
|ipM  over  night,  ik^rt  Imfig  bat  one  reom  and  two  faeda  ia  tto 
I^Mi^ew  We  have  oftea  ee^oi  ibe  be^  oconpy  the  inside  af '  tte 
Junse,  and  the  whiskey  barrel  pla^eed  x>o  die  ontsido  to  mAlee 
looui.  If  a  landlord,  at  that  tlmlef,  ocm)4  raise  a  barrel  of  fliuu, 
^ik  and  wbiskej,  it  was  all  that  wa^  nece^ary  for  a  "firsl-claas 
Jiotel ''  In  short,  tavern  keeping  whs  mote  an  act  of  neeetei^ 
than  choice  with  many,  as  ihe' settlements  were  so  few  and  far  be- 
tween that  they  were  compelled  to  keep  all  travellers  that  came, 
4'egardle^s  of  their  means  of  accommodatioD,  as  all  preferred 
sleeping  on  a  floor  to  a  bed,  or  on  a  blatiket  in  the  open  fields,  aa 
jRre  were  uften  compelled  to  do. 

In  the  spring  of  1887,  w^  came  here  to  look  at  a  cTaim  owned 
by  Mr.  Cutler,  wliieh  he  liad  then  recently  purchased  of  Mr.  Ltr- 
irasB  for  five  hundred  dollars.  We  stepped  with  Mr.  WALtmr, 
^bo  at  that  time  kept  the  best  house.  In  the  morning  we  started 
yon  foot,  in  company  with  Mr.  M.  D.  OuTLte,  to  view  the  *^laim^' 
«^a  distance  of  about  four  miles.  When  we  came  to  the  r{ve#, 
which  at  that  time  was  nearly  two  feet  deep,  Mr.  O.  commenced 
fording  it.  We  backed  out,  and  proposed  to  retnra  to  the  hbtel 
ffor  our  pony ;  but  Mr.  C.  insisted  on  onr  trying  our  pedestriaii 
tpnwers  in  the  water,  and  after  spending  some  time  in  consnltatiov, 
he  supplied  the  place  of  our  pony,  and  carried  ns  safe  through 
jthe  rivcr.  Upon  arriving  at  the  ^'claim,"  we  found  it  to  be  "all 
our  fancy  painted,"  and  we  soon  closed  a  bargain  for  it  at  $1,000, 
paying  in  tour  (paper)  city  lots,  at  $250  each. 

J'revions  to  this  time,  Mr.  Obrin  BeoWh  had  come  and  located 
.  «n  the  quarter  section  where  the  ^*Su>ne  Qaarry"  is;   and  Kn 


U7 

Hasdwoli  hariDg.  found  himself^  after  the  lorvejt  on  ihe  aoboc)! 
•section,  locatttd  on  tb^  qaarter  sectioa  thai  Mr.  A.  Mzkub  naw 
live«  on.  lo  the  coarae  of  that  aeaaoa,  Messrs*  ^.  D.  Clintoq,  Z- 
Bid  well,  Henrj  Buwroo^  Jamas  Y,  Watsou,  J,  M.  Wells,  J.Hici^ 
J.  W.  Rossmao,  fi«  Charchill,  Ezra  Meadall,  Joel  Bidwell,  Dan- 
iel Thompsop,  Kobert  Love,  Muses  Orjdway,  Sabina  BHfney,  Asa 
8.  'Wateon,  and  Peter  K.  Cushraap,  located  on  different  claims  in 
ibis  town.  Xbis  comprised  the  wLole  settlement  here,  in  the  year 
183T. 

In  the  spring  of  18,38,  several  ^ew  settls^s  impigra^ed. ;  Amol^; 
tkem  were  H  N.  Davis,  James  Backner,  Gbarkes  Gn^wnbeart,  Ira 
Deliver,  B.  F.  Chamberlain,  O.  N.  Qiglej,  Albert  White,  Jam^ 
imd  Edward  W.  Ein^jr,  L  0.  Owea,  Daniel  Chandler,  Alien  Glia- 
ton,  Lyman  and  £.  W.  Goodnow,  and  several  others.  Dnric^tbat 
season,  James  Buokner  and  Mr.  Bawron.bui^t  what  is  nowa  part 
of  the  '^Frairieville  Qouse.'^  Hubert  L'>vq  built  a  small  frame 
dwelling  hause,  and  we  another.  These  were  the  only  framed 
baildings  in  this  county  at  that  time.  Associations  had  been  firm- 
ed by  the  settlers  for  the  mntaal  protection  of  enqh  other  in  their 
"  claims."  £ach  had  his  claim  registered,  and  was  protected  in 
tlie  peaceable  possession  of  so  many  acres,  which  was  altered  from 
time  to  time  by  the  Association.  At  first,  each  man  was  allowed 
to  claim  160  acres;  after  wh'ch  '^  claims"  became  more  valuable, 
and  it  was  extended  to  a  whole  section.  Dippntes  having  arisen 
'between  the  Messrs.  Cutler,  McMillan  and  Serobakt,  (who  were 
all  on  one  **  claim,")  several  ''  claim  trials"  were  had,  and  finally, 
the  Messrs.  Cutler  bought  off  the  other  claimants.  In  the  mean 
time,  M.  D.  CurLKRhad  bought  out  Mr.  Brown,  and  taken  posses- 
aion  of  the  quarter  section  where  he  now  lives. 

Up  to  this  time,  the  only  provisions  nsed  or  seen  in  the  country 
were  salt  pork,  flour  and  potatoes.  Flour  was  worth  in  Milwaukee 
$16 1)  $17  a  barrel,  pork  $30  to  $33,  potatoes  $2  to  $3  a  bushel;  and 
the  price  of  hauling  a  barrel  qf  pork  from  thern  was  $^,  and  other 
freights  in  proportioa.  The  road  from  here  to  Milwaukee  was  any 
where  we  chose  to  travel,  as  trayellcia  generally  preferred  new 
18 


138 

lontes  each  time,  knowing  ifaat  a  change  must  necessarily  be  an 
fanprorement.  It  had  never  been  cat  out  through  the  timber,  and 
each  traveller  was  compelled  to  carry  an  axe  to  cut  the  treee^ 
whenever  he  ran  against  them.  Previous  to  the  samraer  of  1838^ 
tibefe  were  bat  few  settlers  between  here  and  Milwaukee. 

Daring  the  sammer  of  1836,  Messrs.  Camp  and  Andbiews  had 
settled  at  Mnkwonago,  Messrs.  Hatch  and  Riickwbll  at  Oconomo- 
woc,and  Messrs.  FuixKBand  PoBTKBin  Pewankee,  where  they  now 
live ;  and  in  1887,  Messrs.  Edorbton  and  Dousman  located  their 
claims  in  Summit  and  Ottowa,  where  they  now  reside.  The  same 
season,  Mr.  Johk  Oalr,  who  then  lived  at  Milwaukee,  bought  Mr. 
Ootlicb's  claim  to  the  quarter  section  containing  the  water  power, 
for  $6,000,  and  the  next  season  built  a  flour  and  saw-mill  on  it  Af- 
ter which  he  sold  an  undivided  interest  in  it  to  Wu.  A.  Babstow 
and  RoBEBT  LooKWOOD,  who,  in  company  with  him,  laid  it  out  into 
Tillage  lots,  many  of  which  were  sold  at  a  high  price,  and  bonds 
for  deeds  given  while  the  title  still  remained  in  the  Qenera)  Qov- 
emment 

In  October,  1839,  the  lands  were  brought  into  market  and  sold. 
At  that  time  all  the  best  locations  had  been  taken,  and  each  ccca- 
pant  was  permitted  to  purchase  his  land  at  public  auction,  at  the 
minimum  price  of  $1  25  per  acre.  Many  of  the  setrle.-s  being 
poor,  paid  from  25  to  50  ])er  cent,  for  money  to  purchase  their 
lands,  and  allowed  the  speculatois  to  take  the  titles  to  them  in  their 
own  names,  as  security  for  the  money  loaned ;  whereby  in  the  end, 
being  unable  to  pay,  thej  lost  their  all.  All  those  who  succeeded 
in  pajing  fi»r  their  lands,  and  have  remained  on  them  up  to  the 
present  time,  have  become  wealthy ;  while  some,  who  were  unable 
to  pay  fi»r  their  lands,  sold  their  improvements  for  what  they 
could  get,  and  commenced  anew  on  unimproved  lands.  From  that 
time  to  this,  the  settlement  at  our  county  has  g  »ne  forward  steadi- 
ly,  and  the  lands  are  now  mostly  owned  and  occupied  by  actnal 
settlers.  Several  large  nnd  flourishing  villages  have  been  bnilt 
up  in  the  county,  which  time  and  space  will  not  allow  us  to  speak 
of,  on  this  occasion. 


139 

In  184T,  the  ^^Milwanlree  and  Waukesha  Railroad  Co."  was  in- 
corporated^  and  snbseqoenHj  it  was  changed  to  '*  Milwaukee  and 
Uissiiwippi/'  and  extended  to  the  Mississippi,  The  road  was  com- 
pleted from  Milwaukee  to  this  village  in  March,  1859.  There  are 
•Ic^o  charters  for  three  other  Railroads  running  through  this  yiU 
lage. 

The  villaere  of  Waukesha  was  incorporated  in  1852,  and  now  has 
a  popolation  of  about  2,200.  It  contains  one  saw  mill,  one  flouring 
mill,  two  foundries,  one  railroad  car  factory,  one  machine  shop, 
<me  thresbtug  machine  manufactory,  two  breweries,  nine  black- 
amith  shops,  nine  boot  and  shoe  shops,  two  paint  shops,  one  cooper 
shop,  one  carriage  and  wagon  manufactory,  two  tailors'  shops,  two 
millinery  establishments,  two  jewelry  shops,  three  saddle  and  har- 
ness establishments,  two  cabinet  ware-rooms,  two  tin  and  sheet- 
jron  manafactUiing  establishments,  two  etone-cutting '  establish- 
ments,  two  butchers'  shops,  three  drug  stores,  three  stationery  and 
book  stores,  three  hardware  stores,  five  dry  goods  stores,  seven 
groceries,  three  hotels,  two  livery  stables,  nine  physicians  one 
dagntjrreian  room,  one  portrait  painter,  one  dentist,  seven  lawyers, 
twelve  miniDters  of  the  gospel,  besides  Rev.  Dr.  Sataob,  Presi- 
dent of  Oarroll  Oollfge ;  eight  churches,  the  court-bouse  and  jail, 
a  college,  a  female  seminary,  the  Waukesha  County  Bank,  two 
priiitiug  presses,  one  literary  paper,  and  two  newspapers. 


Fo.4.— OLD  SETTLERS. 

Some  time  in  the  month  of  February,  A.  D.  1887,  we  in  oom* 
pany  with  Augustus  Stdbt.  (a  nephew  of  the  late  Cliief  Justice 
SniBT,)  scarfed  from  Milwaukee  on  atour  to  the  mining  regions* 
Wo  were  both  young  and  jpreen  in  eY*iTj  thing  connected  with 


140 

westc^rn  lifo,  if  not  upon  general  priBciptes.  Omroatfit  conmted  of 
two  Indian  ponie^i  t%g9d  with  paok -saddles,  wddlebagB,  blankets, 
*'  provisions  for  man  and  beast,"  wiih  a  few  extra  *'  liquids/*  The 
snow  was  about  ten  itiohes  deep,  and  the  weather  extreme] j  eold 
*— dB^j  10  or  15  degrees  below  0.    We  reached  Prairie  Yillage  tba 
firbt  night,  pretty  mnch  ^*  nsed  up,"  being  nnaccnstomed  to  riding, 
especially  through  heavy  timber,  where  there  was  no  road,  except 
what  we  made  for  each  other,  in  travelling  in  ^^  It^ian  fiW'    At 
Prairie  Yillage,  (now  Waukesha,)  we  put  up  at  the  beat  hpaae  in 
town,  which  was  a  small  log  cabin,  about  fifteen  feet  square,  and 
.contained  but  one  room  and  two  beds.    Some  five  or  six  travellen 
from  other  directions,  had  arrived  in  advance  of  us,  and  a  ^'sigW 
for  lodgings  looked  rather  dubious.    Upon  inquiry,  we  were  told 
that  we  could  stay,  as  it  was  a  s^tanding  rule  of  the  eoantry  to  en- 
tertain all  travellers,  regardless  of  acoommod^ion,  for  nece^alt7 
compelled  it     After  partaking  of  a  y^rj  palatable  supper,  con- 
sisting of  fried  pork  and  bread,  the  two. beds  were  properly  divid- 
ed among  the  crowd  upon  the  floor ;  but,  having  a  good  supply  of 
blankets  ourselves,  we  refused  our  pro{>ortion,  and  made  our  bed 
near  the  stove ;  and  beiog  so  much  fatigued,  from  our  journey,  we 
BO^m  fell  asleep,  and  did  nut  even  awake'  until  daylight  pressed 
the  duty  upon  us.    After  having  breakfasted,  we  resumed  our 
journey  in  the  direction  of  Fort  Atkinson.    Being  aware  of  the 
fact,  that  there  was  no  house  on  the  route  between  Prairie  Village 
and  that  point,  we  prepared  ourselves  for  the  worst.  The  road  was 
but  an  Indian  trail,  completely  hidden  by  the  enow  ;  so  we  were 
compelled  to  travel  by  compass  instead  of  "  trails."    We  reached 
Bock  River  just  as  the  day-god  was  sinking  in  the  west;  and,  aa 
good  luck  would  have  it,  we  discovered  a  light  a  short  distance 
from  the  river,  and  directed  our  steps  towards  it.    Upon  out  arri- 
ral  at  the  f^pot  from  whence  it  proceeded,  we  found  some  old  fi  iends, 
whom  we  had  previously  seen  at  Prairie  Village — the  Me^sr8• 
*PogTBR,  of  Fort  Atkinson.    Tins  was  the  only  cabin  in  the  place. 
It  had  just  been  completed,  and  was  located  near  the  tild  l?'oi*t, 
Beader^  if  you  were  ever  cold,  hungry,  weary,  "  dry^^  and  wet,  at 


141 

tlieMTiie  Hne,  yon  can  imagine  our  feelings  tm  that  occaaioD.  The 
aecommodatlons  were  aotnewfaat  limited,  it  being  a  log  cabin  of 
about  the  mual  me,  and  contained  bat  one  room  occnpii^d  bj  two 
fiitaiiies.  Tea  travellers,  besides  ourselves,  had  bespoken  lodg* 
iDgs  for  the  night ;  still  we  were  comfortably  provided  lor. 

The  next  morning,  with  much  relnctance,  we  again  reanmed  onr 
journey,  weary  and  sore.  We  would  willingly  have  retreated ; 
but  did  not  do  so,  lest  we  should  be  laughed  at.  Wq  were  in* 
formed  that  the  next  nearest  stopping  place  (except  among  the  nr. 
tives)  was  at  IIanet^s,  near  the  Blue  Mounds,  a  dietauce  of  50 
milea.  It  was  a  cold,  cloudy  day.  Our  compas9,  from  some  un- 
known cause,  refused  to  perform  its  duty ;  and  after  travelling 
five  or  six  miles,  we  were  unable  to  determine  whether  we  were 
going  west  or  east.  Our  comrade  becoming  weary  and  discour- 
aged, seemed  determined  to  take  the  back  track ;  but  this  we  de- 
murred to,  as  being  contra  to  our  early  education.  We  took  the 
lead,  and  kept  it  till  about  3  o'clock  P.  M.,  when,  looking  round 
for  our  friend  Story,  we  found  that  we  had  distanced  him,  and  that 
he  waa  not  in  s'ght.  We  halted  fur  a  short  time,  when  he  came 
up,  and  insisted  upon  "camping"  upon  the  spot.  We  assured  him 
that  we  would  reach  an  Indian  settlement,  on  the  First  Lake,  be- 
fore dark  and  prevailed  upon  him  to  fullow.  He  finally  consented 
to  do  so,  and  we  again  led  the  way  till  night  overtook  us,  when  we 
halted  on  the  banks  of  the  Catfi.-h  river,  near  the  present  site  of 
the  village  of  Dunkirk.  Afler  brushing  the  snow  away  from  a« 
old  log,  we  struck  up  a  fire,  turned  our  pony  loose  to  browse,  and 
made  preparations  for  lodgings.  Our  companion  bad  not  yetar-  , 
rived,  and  we  started  on  the  back  track  in  search  of  him.  Twl«  , 
light  was  fiist  deepening  into  night ;  and  it  soon  became  so  dark^,^ 
that  we  could  only  proceed  in  the  direction  from  whence  wecaint 
by  feeling  the  footprints  of  our  pony  in  the  snow.  FUpod  in  this 
dilemma,  we  knew  not  what  course  to  pursue.  The  wolves  copa* 
misnced  howling  around  ns,  evidently  intending  to  give  us  their 
hfttid^  withoittt  k  formal  kitrddncti<m ;  and  at  times  they  w<»uld  ap- 
prdbefa  ko  hear  us  that  W6  couM  see  their  gtai^ing  eye-balls  through 


143 

the  darkuess.  la  this  manner  we  felt  oar  way  back  for  the  distance 
of  aboat  a  mile,  when  we  met  our  companion  who  was  cum^ete- 
]j  exhausted.  He  was  proceeding  on  foot,  feeling  his  waj^  and 
leading  his  pony — cnrsing  both  us  and  the  country.  We  assured 
him  that  we  had  procured  the  best  of  lodgings,  at  the  neareht  ho* 
tel,  which  was  but  a  short  distance  ahead;  and  in  this  way  we 
kept  his  spirits  np  until  we  reached  the  lodgings  which  we  had 
provided  by  the  "old  oaken"  log;  and  never  were  mortals  more 
happy  than  we  were  on  reaching  iL  After  npancelling  onr  ponies, 
and  turning  them  loose  to  browse,  we  looked  after  our  provisions, 
and  found  that  they  had  "stepped  out,"  or,  in  other  words,  we  had 
lost  them;  and  nothing  had  we  in  the  shape  of  refreshments,  ex- 
cedt  a  bottle,  about  half  full,  of  "fourth  proof."  We  took  that 
to  the  river,  for  the  purpose  of  diluting  it  with  water,  and  thus  ma- 
king it  more  palatable ;  but  we  found  the  river  frozen  over..  We 
attempted  to  break  the  ice  with  onr  fist,  but  it  was  stronger  than 
we  had  anticipated  ;  and  after  deaHng  it  a  few  blows,  our  knuck- 
les  "  backed  out"  After  seeking  in  vain  to  find  a  stone  near  by 
we  conceived  the  idea  of  breaking  the  ice  through  with  our  bottle ; 
but  at  the  first  blow  the  bottle  yielded,  instead  of  the  ice;  and 
away  went  the  last  of  our  liquid  refreshments.  We  returned  to 
the  camp,  and  found  our  friend  engaged  in  endeavoring  to  re-kin- 
dle the  fire,  which  had  nearly  expired.  We  informed  him  of  our 
misfortune,  and  at  the  same  time  reminded  him  that  it  was  nseless 
to  mourn  for  *^spilled  milk,"  or  brandy. ,  Attor  a  while  we  succeed- 
ed in  reviving  the  fire,  which  we  took  turns  in  replenishing  with 
fuel  daring  the  night.  It  was  so  cold  that  we  should  have  been  fro- 
len  before  morning,  had  we  not  kept  np  a  fire,  which,  together 
with  the  time  occupied  in  keeping  the  wolves  at  bay,  occupied  one 
or  the  other  of  as  until  day  dawned  upon  us.  The  wolves  watch- 
ed every  move  we  made,  as  though,  (if  possible,)  they  were  more 
hungry  than  ourselves. 

We  were  "  up  and  dressed  "  in  good  season  in  the  morning — not 
having  slept  at  all  daring  the  night — and  proceeded  up  the  Oat> 
flsh  river,  knowing  that  that  stream  would  ieados  to  the  "Fourth 


143 

Lake,"  where  were  several  Indian  wig- warns;  and  when  there^  we 
coald  obtain  soinethin;^  to  eat,  even  if  it  was  not  of  the  choicest 
kiud.  At  about  noon  we  reached  the  First  Lake,  and  seeing  moc- 
ca&^in  tracks  In  the  snow,  we  folii»wud  tliem  a  abort  distance  to  a 
wigwam,  but  found  it  tent^nrlea^  After  searchin^^  it  from  top  to 
bott<*ni,  we  found  a  few  cold  roasted  potatoes,  which,  we  assart* 
you,  (after  having  fasted  f  »r  tweuty-four  hours,)  relished  well. — 
We  remained  in  this  wigwam  an  hour  or  two,  and  then  passed  on 
to  tbe  point  where  Madiion  is  now  located.  At  that  time,  neither 
the  axe,  nor  ^'  the  shovel  and  tlie  lioe,"  had  been  hung  up  or  laid 
down  in  that  vicinity.  It  wai)  nearly  sundown  when  we  crossed 
the  Third  Lake.  After  travelling  over  tbe  first  eminence — where 
the  Capitol  now  stands — we  struck  a  lavine,  (between  Capitol* 
square  and  the  present  site  of  the  ITniverc^ity,)  where  we  made  a 
halt,  struck  np  a  fire,  and  encamped  for  tbe  night,  withont  even 
making  any  inquiry  about  supper.  The  cold  potatoes  which  we 
ate  at  noon,  supplied  the  place  of  breakfast,  dinner  and  snpper. 
Hie  weather  had  moderated  a  little,  which,  together  with  the 
hardships  of  the  journey,  and  our  extreme  fatigu6,  caused  us  to 
alt* ep  quite  comfortably  during  tiie  night.  The  next  morning  we 
crossed  Fonrth  Lake^  a  distance  of  abuut  fonr  miles,  where  we  saw 
a  Bmall  log  cabin,  which  was  the  first  building  of  the  kind  we  had 
Been  since  leaving  Foit  Atkinson.  We  knocked  at  the  door,  but 
all  was  silent  We  were  both  cold  and  hungry,  and  the  righi  of 
a  cabin  was  some  relief.  We  did  not  wait  for  ceremony,  but  bolted 
in,  where  we  found  a  squaw  and  some  four  or  five  pappooses.  We 
spoJLe  t>  her  in  the  Pottawatamie  language,  but  she  made  no  reply. 
We  were  soon  satisfied  that  she  did  not  understand  us.  We  then 
made  all  the  signs  that  our  Indian  education  or  ingenuity  would 
admit  of,  t'j  show  her  that  we  were  hungry ;  bnt  all  in  vain.  We 
exp«;cted  that  her  husband  would  soon  Ci^me  in  and  kick  ns  out  of 
doors,  without  waiting  for  an  explanation,  and  were  at  a  loss  what 
to  do.  A  white  man,  however,  soon  came  in,  spoke  to  us  in  good 
English,  and  seemed  glad  to  see  ns.  He  informed  us  that  he  was 
a  Canadian,  that  the  bqnaw  was  his  wife|  and  that  the  childx«i 


144 

were  also  bts.  The  sqnaw  belonged  to  the  Winnebago  triboi  and 
spoke  a  different  langnage  from  the  other  Indians  in  the  vicinity* 
Holiad  been  an  Indian  trader  there  for  years.  The  lands  which 
he  had  cultivated  had  been  sold  without  his  knowledge ;  for,  in 
fact,  he  took  no  interest  in  anything,  except  trading  in  fur?,  Ac. 
His  wife,  oo  being  made  acquainted  with  onr  wants,  flew  around 
and  prepared  fur  ns  a  supper.  It  was  a  kind  of  pot  ])ie,  which  rel- 
ished very  well.  After  finishing  our  meal,  we  inquired  what  kind 
of  meat  we  had  eaten,  and  were  informed  that  it  was  musk  rat. — 
We  remained  there  till  morning,  and  then  left  for  the  ^'Blne 
Mounds."  In  the  meantime,  we  had  become  Mind,  from  the  effect 
of  eore  eyes,  caused  by  too  frequent  exposure  of  our  ocular  organs 
to  the  smoke. 

'  At  Blue  Hounds  we  found  Mr.  Ebskvzbb  B^ohah,  who  still 
resides  there.  By  this  time,  our  eyes  had  become  so  sore,  that  we 
could  not  bear  the  light    We  remained  at  tho  Mounds  a  di^  or 
two,  while  our  friend  Story  went  on  to  Mineral  Point    Being 
anxious  to  arrive  at  tlie  ^'  diggings,"  whether  we  were  able  to  see 
or  not,  we  hired  an  Indian  to  lead  our  pony,  mounted  upon  his 
back,  and  proceeded  to  Mineral  Point.     We  were  obliged  to  ride 
blindfohled,  to  protect  our  eyes  from  the  wind.  We  arrived  at  the 
Point  a  little  afcer  dark,  on  Sunday  evening.  We  were  conducted 
into  a  room  at  the  principal  hotel,  kept  by  Mr.  Njohols  ;  but  still 
kept  our  ejes  bandaged.    There  were  all  kinds  of  fan,  sports  and 
music  going  on  in  the  room.     After  sitting  a  while,  we  removed 
the  bandage  fj-om  our  eyes,  washed  them^  and  found  that  they 
were  much  better.    Such  a  sight  as  presented  itself  to  our  view, 
we  never  saw  before  or  since.    It  seemed  that  the  miners  wcr^  in 
the  habit  of  assembling  there  on  Saturday  nights,  to   drink, 
gamble  and  frolic  until  Monday  morning.    The  house  was  com- 
posed of  three  or  four  log  cabins  put  together,  with  passnge  waya 
cut  from  one  to  another.  '  This  was  the  only'  public  house  in  tho 
place.    The  bar  room,  in  which  we'were  silting,  contained  alarga 
bar,  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  liguors.     In  one  corner  of  tiie 
roomi  was  ia  Faro  Bank,  discounting  to  a  crowd  around  it;  in  auo- 


146 

ther  corner  a  Boulette ;  and  in  another,  sat  a  party  engaged  inr 
playing  at  cards.  One  man  sat  back  in  a  comer,  playing  a  fiddle,. 
to  whose  masic  two  others  were  dancing  in  the  middle  of  the  room^ 
Hundreds  of  dollars  were  lying  npon  the  tables;  and  among  the 
crowd  were  the  principal  men  of  the  Territory — men  who  held  bi^ 
and  responsible  offices  then,  and  do  now.  Seing  pretty  much  woni' 
ont  by  onr  journey,  we  expressed  a  wish  to  retire.  The  landlord 
showed  us  through  a  dark  room,  and  opened  the  door  of  an* 
other,  in  which  two  men  were  also  plajing  at  cards,  and  a  third 
lay  dmnk  npon  the  floor.  The  landlord  sat  down  his  light,  seized 
the  drunken  man  by  the  collar,  and  dragged  him  into  the  nexfe 
room.  He  soon  returned,  and  informed  us  that  we  could  choose 
between  the  beds — there  being  ^wo  in  the  room — and  bid  us  good 
night  We  sat  down  upon  the  side  of  the  bed,  and  began  to  figure 
in  our  mind  upon  the  chances.  We  had  several  hundred  dollars 
in  our  pocket,  which  we  had  brought  with  us,  for  the  purpose  oT 
entering  land.^  We  imagined  that  in  case  they  should  get 
"  short,''  they  might  call  for  our  '*pile." 

After  studjing  a  while,  we  threw  down  the.  outside  blanket, 
and  quietly  crawled  into  bed  with  all  our  clothes  on,  except  cap  and 
boots.  We  had  a  good  bowie-knife  in  our  belt,  and  a  pistol  ia 
each  pocket;  we  clasped  a  pistol  in  each  hand,  and  in  this  way 
we  lay  until  daylight,  and  a  longer  night  we  never  w^ish  to  see. — 
When  daylight  made*its  appearance,  we  got  up;  our  room- mates 
were  still  playing  at  cards.  On  going  out  to  the  bar-room,  we 
found  that  the  crowd  had  mosfly  disappeared ;  there  were  here 
and  there  one  or  two  asleep  around  the  room,  and  all  was  still. — 
The  next  day,  our  companion,  (Me.  Stoky,)  who  had  been  visiting 
some  friends  near  by,  came  round.  We  entered  our  lands  and  re- 
turned to  the  Blue  Mounds,  where  we  laid  in  a  store  of  provisions 
and  left  for  home,  which  wo  reached  in  four  days,  hairing  learned 
the  way,  the  fare,  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  miners,  and 
have  seen  enough  of  travelling  in  a  new  country  to  last  us  from 
that  time  to  the  present. 

*  Perhaps  it  woold  be  weU  to  state  bere,  in  oonnectioo  with  tbia  faet,  tbat  this  war- 
pi«Tioiia  to  oor  oonneaUoa  with  politics  or  oewspapera.  tw 

19 


t 

OBJECTS  OF  COLLECTION  DESIRED  BY  THE  SOCIETY. 


1.  Manuscript  ftUtemeDtfi  and  narratirea  of  pioneer  settlera— ol  1  letters  and  joamalt 
relative  to  the  earlj  history  and  settlement  of  Wisconsin,  and  of  the  Black  Hawk  War ; 
bii>^raphical  notices  of  oar  pioneers,  and  of  eminent  citizens,  deceased ;  and  facts  illus- 
tratiTe  of  oar  Indian  tribes,  their  history,  characteristics,  sketches  of  their  prominent 
chiefis,  orators  and  varrjon,  together  wiih  contributions  of  Indian  implements,  dress, 
ornaments  and  curiosities. 

2.  Files  of  newspapers,  books,  pampbleta,  college  catalogues ;  minutes  oT  oedemaiti- 
cal  conventions,  associations,  conferences  and  synods,  and  other  publications  relating  to 

-this  State,  or  Michigan  Territory,  of  which  Wisconwn  formed  a  part  from  Itf  18  to  1835— 
•and  hence  the  Territorial  I^aws  and  Journals,  and*!iles  of  Michigan  newspapera  for  that 
period,  we  are  peculiarly  anxious  to  obtain. 

3.  Drawings  and  descriptions  of  our  ancient  mounds  and  fortifications,  their  size, 
representation  and  locality. 

4.  Information  respecting  any  ancient  coins,  or  other  curiositses  found  in  Wisconsin. 
Tho  contribution  of  such  articles  td  the  Cabinet  of  the  Society  is  respectfully  solicited. 

5.  Indian  geographical  names  of  streams  and  localities  in  this  State,  with  their  signi- 

Jications. 

6.  Books  of  all  kinds,  and  especially  such  as  relate  to  American  history,  travels  and 
biography  in  general  and  the  West  in  ptirticular.family  geiiealogieB,old  magasines^pamph- 
lets,  files  of  newspapers,  maps,  hintorical  nianu<»cripts,  autographs  of  distinguished 
persons*  coins,  medaJs,  paintings,  portraits,  statuary  and  engravings. 

7.  We  solicit  from  Historical  Societies  and  other  learned  bodies,  that  tnterchangie  of 
books  and  other  materials  by  which  the  usefulness  of  institutions  of  this  nature  is  so 
essentially  enhanced—pledging  ourselves  to  repay  such  contributions  by  acts  in  kind  to 
the  full  extent  of  our  our  ability. 

8.  The  Society  particularly  begs  tho  favor  and  compliment  of  authors  and  poblisheis, 
to  present  with  their  autographs,  copies  of  their  respective  workH  for  its  Library. 

9.  Editors  and  publishers  of  newspapers,  magazines  and  reviews,  will  conver  a  lasting 
favor  on  the  Society  by  contiibutiniLj  their  publications  reenilarly  for  its  library — or,  at 
least,  such  nunibera  as  ma^  contain  articles  hearing  upon  Wisconsin  history,  biography, 
geopaphy,  or  antiquities;  all  which  will  be  carefully  preserved  for  binding. 

r:;ckr:je9  for  the  Society  ni;iy  be  sent  to,  or  deposited  with,  the  following  gentlemen, 
.who  have  kmdiy  consented  to  take  charge  of  them.  Such  parcels^  to  prevent  mistakes, 
should  l>e  properly  enveloped  and  addret^sed.  even  if  but  a  single  article ;  and  it  would, 
further  more,  be  desirable,  that  donors  should  forward  to  tho  Corresponding  Secretary  a 
specilication  of  books  or  articles  donated  and  deposited. 

DEPOSITARIES  . 

G.  A  J.  A.  Revsex,  at  Lippincott.  Grambo  A  Co.'8  Philadelphia. 

Samuel  G.  Dbaki:,  Antiquarian  Bo  ik  Store,  Boston. 

Charles  B.  Nortox,  Astor  Place,  New  York. 

JoBW  MuxsELU  Publisher,  78  State  Street,  Albany. 

George  Codex  Dekth  <fe  Co.,  Wnehington  City. 

C.  R.  Starkweather,  No.  102  Michigan  Avenue^  Chicago. 

C.  C.  SiMMOxs,  City  Recorder,  St  Louis. 

I.  A.  LApnAM.  Milwaukee. 

David  Axoeesox,  Cincinnati. 

Jesse  Clexext,  Editor  Western  Literary  Messenger,  Buffiilo. 

X      '  BTD^nors  to  the  Society's  Library  and  Collections  will,  in  return,  be  placed  upon 
the  list  of  exchanges,  and  receive  equiVal^nt  publicattoDS  of  the  Society. 


INDEX. 


INDEX   OF   PAPERS. 


) 


List  of  ofRcere  for  ibe  year  1S65 ••."..% •  • .  •     8 

Annual  Report  of  the  Erecutivd  Committee • • 5 

"        "  «      Treasurer. 19 

Oreen  Bajr  in  1726 .•••.....•.,»«..«•.  %l 

GorrelPs  Journal  at  Green  Baj,  1761-63 .••.•.»«•••.,,. 24 

Biddle's  Recollections  of  Green  Bay  in  1816-17.  /. . .  • ).,••••••  4» 

Whittlesey's  Recollections  of  a  Tour  in  WiscQiMiPi  Ja.l68l2.*^. .••«•,•«•  6i 

!Leg;end  of  the  Winnefoagoes. «•••••.••.«.•.,«•.••«•  •^•.«« •  86 

Early  Times  in  Wisconsin ..••.. •«••••.»  r« v .  •  • . i.  ..^ ...   94 

Cammuck's  Sketch  of  Ci^kinqiei  OQunty  •  ••.••,«»#....• 108 

Haseltine^s  Sketch  of  Richland  county  .•«•  ^  «••..*«•.  «i  .•••...•  i »..  •„  lOlT 

Branson's  Wisconsin  Qeographical  Names »• . « •••  .^  »....,»« 110 

Hathftvay's  Indian  Names ..«.«•• »«••«••  ..v. 116 

Calkins'  Indian  Nomenclature  of  Northern  Wisconsip,  <b^,  •>••.•••«  ...v « IJO 

Pitt's  Reminiscences  of  Wisconsin • .  .  •  *  .^  ,  .t. . , .I2t 

Circular — Objects  of  collection  desired  by  tl^e  Society ,  •...•• ; ;  •  146 


,...GENj;RAJt    INDEX. 


Abeall,  John,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  '         -49 

Adams  county,  derivation  of  name,  112 

Adams  Hon.  Charles  Francis,  works  promised,  11 

A^riouUural,  mecHanical  and  scientific  works,  number  in  the  Library,  7 

Ah'ke-no  to-way,  a  Menomonee  chief,                                         '  69 

Akiag  or  Dirdo^  an  old  Sao  chief,  S6^  41,  48 

Aldrich,  Owen,  early  sheriff  of  Milwaukee,  12$ 

American  Antiquarian  Society's  co  operation,  9 

Philosophical  Society's  Transactions,            '  9 

Ethnological  Society's  collections,  8 

Geographical  and  Statistical  Seoiety's  collections,  9 

Institute's  Transactions,  9 

Aikberst;  Sir  Jeffrey,  '46 

Andrews,  early  settler  at  Mukwanago^  188 

Apple  Creek,  purity  of  its  vtilers,                                               *  77 

Ajrnold,  Hon.  Jonathan  £.,  early  tetter  at  Milwaukee,   •  129,  ISI 

Arpent  of  land,                               .   «  60 

Aator,  John  Jacob,  .         61, 61 

Atkinson,  Qen.  Henry,  marches  in  1827  against  the  Winnebagoes,      «    .  98 

in  the  Bladk  Hawk  war,  >73»  79^88 


148 

Fort,  on  Rock  riv^r,  100, 140 

Atwater,  Hoa  Ca)eb»  ooDtributioiM,  10,  1 1 

Atwood,  Col.  Da?id,  member  of  Ezecative  Committee,  1864-55,  3^  16 

contributor  of  newspaper  fifeB,  7 

Atwood,  Hon.  J.  P.,  Librarian  of  the  Society,  1854,  18 

member  of  Exeeotive  Committee,  1855,  8/ 

Aubrey  or  Auberry,  William,  killed  at  Blue  Hounds,  SB 

B. 

Bad  Axe,  battleat,  in  1 888,  78,  88, 100 

Incident  pnor  to,  7d 

BaD  IMay  or  Devil  Creek,  Indian  name  of,  120 

Barabeo  Hi]is,*north  of  the  Wisconsin,  78 

Baraey, -Sabinav  early  eeiUer  at  Waokttha,  137 

BantoWjOoy.  Wm.  A.,  eariy  settler  at  Waukesha,  T88 

poKrait  promised  the  SociMy,  18 

Bartlett,  Hon.  John  R.,  works  promised  the  Society,  11 

Battle  of  the  Bad  Aie,  in  1682,  78,  8S,  100 

Wisooosin  Heights,  in  1682,  70,  88, 100 

*6ear  Creek,  Richland  county,  107,  10$ 

Bear  hnniing  by  the  Chippewas,  ft5 

Beaubien,  J.  B.  early  aetUer  at  Milwaukee,  134 

Beeson,  E.  contributor  of  newspaper  files,  7 

Benedict  S.  G,      «                 «        «  7 

Belfour,  Capt.  Tisiis  Qreen  Bay  in  1781,                                     ^  25 

Biddle^  James  W.  recollecUons  of  Green  Bay,  10,49 

Edward,  ludian  trader  at  Green  Bay  and  Maekiuaw  54,  57 

Bidwell,  Joel,  early  settler  at  Waukesha,  137 

••      Z.            "                    «  137 

Big  Bull  Falls,  or  Wausau,  Indian  name  of                                *  122 

BIrohard,  Harvey,  early  setUer  at  Milwaukee^  188 

BSid,  Augustus  A.,        «                «  181 

Black  Hawk,  Indian  war  of  1839  71^85,  08—100 

portrait  ofv  12,  74^ 

battle-fields  should  be  painted,  12 

Bkck  Hawk's  son,  Na-she-a-kusk,  or  Loud  Thunder,  13,  72,  84 

Kack^Nai],  a  Chippewa,  exploit  of  121 

a  great  Medicine  Man,  198 

Block  House  Branch  of  Platte  River,  95 

Blossom,  Tievi,  early  settler  at  Milwaukee,  131 

Blue  Mounds,  traditionary  battle  fouf ht  thei«,  90 

Ebenezer  Brigham  settled  there  in  1828,  97 

in  1832,  fort  there,  76,  79,  98^l0a 

Bonner,  Jrhn,  killed  in  the  Mining  District^  87 

Bostwick,  Henry,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  48^ 

Boundary  line  between  4he  whites  and  Indiana  about^l828,  d7 

Bowron,  Henry,  early  settler  at  Waukesha,  187 

Bowyer,  Col.  John,  Indian  A^ent  at  Green  Bay,  64 

Bear  beaux,  or  Grand  Father  Bull  Falls,  120, 121 

Bes#d,  A.  0.  T.,  early  settler  at  Milwaukee;  131 


14» 

Bl^hm,  Lieut,  in  aervioein  th«  north-west,  1761,  ift 

Bi%luiin,  Ebenezer,  fint  settler  of  Dane  county,  94-^1(Kli  144 

Bi&,  G.  C.  suggested  the  formation  of  Wis.  Hist  Society  5 

contributor  of  newspaper  files.  7 

Bf#WQ  OeiMji  derivation  of  name,  lli 

oif;anizedin  1818,  61 

BiolirB,  Beriah,  member  of  Executive  Committiae,  1804^'ff  9,  16 

contributor  e€  newspaper  flies,  7 

Aeowo,  Orrin,  earlj  settler  of  Waukesha  136, 187 

William,  Jr.,  early  settler  of  MiNraalee,  131 

Btothertown  Indians,  settle  in  Calumet  county,  199^^106 

obtain  rights  of  citiaenshfp,  lOS 

Broce,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  4ft 

'  Brunson,  Rev.  AJikeA;  Wiseoiiiin  Oeograplnkal  Names,  110 

Bffant,  W.  C,  works  pr6hiised  11 

Buck,  Royal,  contributor  of  newspaper  files,  7 

Buckner,  James,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  187> 

Burial  of  the  dead  by  the  Chippewas^  lf6^ 

Butte  dee  Morti,  eariy  battles  there,  74,  8S-^9t' 

treaty  there  in  Aug,  1827,  66,  78>  65 

a 

Calkins,  Hiram,  paper  on  Indian  Nomenclature^  116, 

Calumet  county,  derivation  of  name,  lli  . 

sketch  of,  108 

Caipmuck,  Thomas,  sketch  of  Calumet  county,  108 

Camp,  early  settler  at  Mukwanago^  188 

Campbell,  Capt  Donald,  of  Detroit,  26«--88 

.     *       Hon.  Wm.  W.  works- promised^  11 

^                Carpenter,  Stephen  H^  member  of  Executive  Committee,  1854,  16 

Librarian  1855,  8 

(iarron  or  Tomah,  head  chief  of  the  Menomonee«,  58 — 58. 

I                 Carron  or  Man-cau-tan-bee,  son  of  Toosah,  58, 66 

I                 Oarruy,  a  Menomonee  eh^ef  in  1768  36 

<3airver's  Travels,  copy  of,  in  the  Library^  6- 

Cas*a-ga8-o<egay,  a  Menomonee  chie^  -  66^ 
<2a8S,  6en,  Lewis,  as  Gov,  of  Michigan  Ter.  appoints  judicial  offieeas 

for  Wisconsin,  61, 

1827,  holds  treaty  at  Butte  dep  Morts     .  66,  78,  9S; 

efforts  to  suppress  the  Winnebigo  outbreak,        95,  66 

opinion  concerning  tides  on  the  Northern  I^kes,  62 

French  historical  manm^iptB,  21 

portrait  promised,  18> 

Catfish  River,  of  the  Four  Lakes,  106,  141 

Centreof-theEartbf^a  Chippewa  orator,  128; 

Chf  ndler,  Daniel,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  187 

Ofiambers,  Col.  Talbot  commandant  at  M^kinaw  and  Qreen  Bayv      46'-4i  I 

ChamWlin,B.F^  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  UT 

Charleslown,  Calumet  county,  104 


IfO 

Oluilemahtmdf  lore  of  sainre,  M 

CbkBgma  mestioiied  in  1726,  f  S 

^ieago  ID  1816,  50 

Ohippewft  eoQotj,  deriralioo  of  mnnep  112 

Oliippewat  or  Saateon,  esrij  notioa  of,  23,  3J — IT,  1 1^ 

sketch  of  roanncn  and  eailoiM^  112 

Mcdieiae  Um,  U^  124 

Totems  or  Crilwi  distiBodo^  124, 125 

Bear  hnnttng^  125^ 

Banal  of  tbe  dead,  125 

Cbokra  ai  Oafeoa,  in  1 832,  85 

C^urcbill,  E^  eari j  settler  at  Wankeilu^  1 37 

Clark,  Gen«  George  Bogen,  Edward's  pertiait  ci,  12 

coontj  IB  WiBooosinnaaMd  after  kia»  12 

re-captored  Vinoenneain  1779,  51 

dark,  Darwin,  eontribator  of  newspaper  file%  7 

Clarke,  Jnlios  T^  noember  of  Executive  Cooimittee,  1855,  5 

Chj,  Tlioinas  H^  gift  of  Napoleon  medalsi  11 

QIaar  Water,  or  Eaa  Claire  nver,  Indian  name  oC  120 

ClintOB,  Dewitt,  personal  memorial  of  promiaad,  1 1 

Clinton,  Edmond  D^  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  131 

early  settler  of  Waukesha,  1 37 

Allen,            "                       «  157 

Coltmbia  county,  named  after  Columbus,  112 

its  primitiTe  beauty,  75 

1827,  troops  march  there,  95 

1828,  Fort  Winnebago  esUblished,  97, 101 
1832,        «                 garrisoned,        72,78,75,105,104 

CoDgreasional  publications  in  the  Library,  ^     7 

Conant's  or  Red  Cedar  Rapids,  Indian  name  of,  122 

Conjurer  or  Medicine  Han,  123, 124 

Conorer,  Prof.  0.  M.,  Treasurer  of  the  Society,  1854-5,  3,  1 6, 19 

Continental  paper  money,  II 

Copper  or  Rocky  river,  Indian  name  of,  120. 

Copper  ore  at  Mineral  Point,  ^0 

Cornwall,  Dr.  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  135 

Cramer,  Eiipbalet,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  131 

Wnf.  E.  contributor  of  newspaper  files,  7 

Crawfish,  River,  100 

Crawford  county,  derivation  of  n^me  112 

see  Prairie  du  Chien. 

Fort  75 

Crocker,  Hon.  Hans»  early  settler  of  Mflwaukee,  128, 181 

Civghan,  Col.  George,  Indian  Agent  38. 

captured  by  Indians^  45. 

Cross,  WCliam,  familiar  with  Chippewa  language  and  cus!da&  119 

Crow,The,  a  Chippewa,  exploit  of  121 

Crownheart,  Charles,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  137 

Cashman,  Peter  N.            «.           -        «  ^57^ 


151 

Custit^  G.  W.JP.,  of  Arlington,  promised  memorial  of  Wasliington,  1 1 

Cutler,  M.  D.  and  A.  R.,  earlj  settlers  of  Waukesla,  134—131 

D- 

Dane  oounty,  origin  of  name,  primitive  beauty,  76, 78, 11^ 

Blue  Mounds,  traditionary  battle  fougbt  there  00* 

Brigbam  and  Haqey,  eariy  settlers  97,  141 

Indian  war  of  1882,  76,  79,  98—100 

Rowan,  early  trader  at  head  Fourth  Lake,  100, 143, 144- 

. former  localities  of  Indian  towns,  lO  1 ,  141, 143^ 

Darline  Enoch,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee  131 

Davis,  H.  N.  early  settler  at  Waukesha,         -  137 

,  Davis,  William,  family  murdered  by  Indiana,        ^  08,  99 

Davidson,  Rev.  Dr.  Robert,  works  promised,  1 1 

Dead  Fall  or  Trap  river,  Indian  name  o^  120 

De  Boisbriante,  M.,  in  the  Illinois  country,  2^ 

Delaney,  ^ohn,  contributor  of  newspaper  files,  7* 

Delaplaine,  George  P.,  early  settler  at  Milwaukee,  181 

De  Ligney,  at  Green  Bay  in  1726,  21 

Dennis^  Hon.  Wm.  L.,  early  settler  at  Milwaukee,  128,  129, 131 

De  Peyster,  Col.  A.  S.,  commandant  at  MackinaW,  his  volume,  36,  57 

Des  Plaines  river,  origin  of  name,  1 1  ^ 

De  Siette,  M.,  in  the  Illinois  country  in  1726,  i                           21* 

Detroit,  a  French  post  in  1726,  22 

1761,  surrendered  to  the  English,             *  \                  66 

in  1761-63,  25— 46^ 

Hamilton's  expedition  from,  in  1 778,  61 

surrendered  to  the  United  States,  1796,  66. 

in  1816,  50.  Sl^ 

in  1 882,  the  ultima  thule  of  N.  W.  post  offices,  64' 

Gazette,  old  file  of  in  the  Library,  B 

DeviJ  or  Ball  Play  Creek.  Indian  name  of,  120 

Dewey,  Ex-Gov.  Nelson,  a  V.  P.  of  Wis.  Hist.  Society,  3 

portrait  promised,  1^ 

Dirdo  or  Aking;  an  old  Sac  chief,  26,  41,  43 

Dobbins,  Capt.,  eariy  n^vi^ator  on  the  Northern  Lakes,  49,5ft 

Dodge,  Hon.  Henry,  in  Winnebago  War,  1827,  96 

in  Black  Hawk  war,  1832.   •  78,  79, 100 

Gov.  of  Wis.  Territory,  pardons  Indians,  12ft 

portrait  promised,  •    I^ 

Doda[e  county,  named  after  Gen.  Dodge,  *12 

Dodgeville.inl828,  »^ 

Doliver,  Ira,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  137 

Doty,  Ex-Gov.  James  D.,  contributions  to  the  library,  7,  8 

invited  to  elucidate  Indian  names,  US 

Dousman,  George  D.,  and  T.  C,  eariy  settlers  of  Milwaukee,  181 

eariv  settler  of  Ottowa,  1^8 

Draper,  Lyman  C,  Cor.  Sec.  of  Wis.  Hist  Sociefar,  1854— '6,  3,  le 

contributor  of  newspaper  files,^  ^ 


152 

exj^atory  notes,  25,  26,  28,  83,  84,  35,  44,  40^  41,  50, 
61,67,  58,  01,  62, 66,  68,  69,  72,  87,  92, 104,  108,  111 
Drummond^B  Jsland,  British-  Indian  annuities  paid  there,  65^  57 

Bu  Bay*8  Trading  Post,  or  the  Point,  Indian  name  of,  122 

Ducks,  wild,  on  Fox  Riv^p-  and  Green  Baj,  63, 74 

Dunn,  Hon.  Chuflee,  of  the  Tenitorial  Jndiciarj,  127 

Oarrie,  Daniel  S^  member  Executive  Com.  Wis.  Hist  Society,  1855,  3 


Eagle  Creek,  Richland  county,  107 

£au  Claire,  or  Clear  Water  River,  and  Mills,  Indian  names  of  120,  122 

Sau  Pleine,  or  Full  Water  River,  Indian  name  of  •120 

Edgerton,  £.  W.  early  setUei  of  Milwaukee,  131 

early  settler  of  Summit,  138 

Edwards,  Clement  R,  portraits  of  Gen.  Clark  and  Dr.  Powell,  12 

Gov.  Ninian,  of  111.,  re-conveys  Indian  lands,  98 

Eldred,  E.,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  133 

Ellis,  Gen.  Albert  G.,  a  V.  P.  of  Wis.  Hist.  Society,  1855,  3 

contributor  of  newspaper  files,                  '  7 

invited  to  elucidate  Indian  names,  118 

End-of-Rapids,  or  Whitney  Rapids,  Indian  name  of,  122 

English  take  possession  of  Western  ports,  m  1761,  25,  66 

surrender  them  tp  the  United  States,  in  1796,  66 

Basez  InJlitute  pubIi(»tions,  8 

Etherington,  Capt.  George,  ^urprizfHi  at  Mackinaw,  in  1Y63,  38 — 47 

sketch  of,  47 

Evans,  Lewis,  early  Map  and  Analysis,  6 

F. 

Falbof  Wisconsin  River,  l2l,  122 
Ptfweil,  £x-Gov.  Leonard  J.,  member  of  Ex.  Committee  of  Wis. 

HistSoc^  1854-*5,  3,16 

portrait  promised,  13 

^^SS^  Hon.  Edmund,  works  promised,                                    '  1 1 

First  Lake,  Indian  settlement  on,  141 

Fisher,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  47' 

Foad  du  Lac,  Lake  Superior,  66,  112 

county,  derivation  of  naoKS,  112 
Foilce»  Lieut  Geeige,  killed  by  Indians,                                          80,  99,  lOO 

Forks  of  Wisconsin  River,  120 

Foster,  Messrs.,  first  settlers  at  Fort  Atkinson,  .140 

FoA  Atkinson,  mentioned,  100,140 

Crawford,  a\  Pnirie  du  Chien,  761 

Holmes,  at  Mackinaw,  6^ 
Howard,  near  Green  Bay,                                                   52,  67,  72, 78 

Snelling,  Indiaa  murders  there,  71 
Wioccbago,                                          72, 73,  75,  96, 97, 100, 101, 104 

Fbvr  Lakes  alluded  to,  78 
f^\  Indian  viliagea  0A«  101,141,148 
Voarth  Lake,  early  trading  dktablishmeat  at  head  oC                 lOO,  143,  144 


1^3 

Foxes.  Of  RejDaids,  traditionarv  war  with  the  Winnebiigoei,  89—03 

wftr  with  the  French,  OS 

make  peace  with  the  French,  in  1726,  21—23 

friendly  to  English,  visit  Green  Bay,  Ac.,  1762  '3,  31 — 42 

participate  in  Indian  war  of  1832,  71 — 85,  08—100 

Foi  Rirer  Vallej,  beautiful  scenery  of,  73 

Frankenstein,  G.  N.,  promised  painting,  13 

John        «'             «  13 

Frazier,  Hon.  William  C  ,  of  the  Territorial  Judiciary,  sketch  of,  12*7 

Freight  on  the  Lakes,  price  of,  in  1816,  50 

French  at  Green  Bay  and  La  Pointe  in  1726,  21,  22 

surrender  western  ports  to  the  English,  1761,  25,  66 

Fuller,  early  settler  of  Pewaukee,  138 

G. 

Gale,  John,  early  settler  of  Wat&esba,  138 

Q«hna,  75,  76,  81, 89,  95, 06 

Miners'  Journal,  early  file  of  in  Library,  8 

Geographical  Names  of  Wisconsin,  paper  on,  110 

Gisorgia  Historical  Society's  co-operation,  9 

Giknan,  W.  W.,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  131 

Gilmor,  Robert,  of  Baltimore,  24' 

Gladwin,  Maj.  Henry,  commandtfat  al  Detroit,  38 

Goddard,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  26,  27,  38,  48 

Goodnow,  Lyman  and  E.  W^  early  eettlere  of  Waukesha,  137 

Gorrell,  Lieut  James,  Journal  keptat  Gieen  Bay,  10,  24,25 

Gout,  Indian  remedy  for,  54 

Gnmd  Father  Bull  Falls,  navigated  by  two  Indians,  121 

Grand  Rapids,  alluded  to,  128 

Grand  Rapids  Mills,  Indian  name  of,  122 

<}Tant  County,  called  after  a  trapper  of  that  name,  112' 

Grant's,  or  Two  Sided  Rapids,  Indian  name  of,  122 

^GniTerat,  Henry,  of  Mackinaw,  55,  56 

Green  Bay,  the  French  there  in  I7t6,  21 

English  there,  1761— '63,  25,  47 

in  1816  —'17,  reoollectbns  of,  49—63 

1827,  a  force  marched  thence  against  Winnebvgoes,  26' 

1832,  Indian  War,  64, 67,  70,  72 

early  military  road,  and  land  office  104,  130 

Intelligencer,  early  file  of,  m  Library,  7 

"Green,  Emmerson,  killed  by  Indians  at  Blue  Mounds,  99 

'Gfeene  County,  named  afler  Gen.  Gh^eene,  «                  112 

Grindy  Bear,  orator  of  the  Menomonees,  69,  74 

'Chxnise,  abundance  of,  76 


Hall,  the  Misses,  captivity  and  release  of,  98,  99 

fiamilton,  Henry,  British  Goremor,  expedition  against  Vineennes,  61 

20 


164 

Haney,  early  settler  of  Dane  county,  141 
Bard  times  in  Wisoonain,  1837^'d8,                                         132. 1S8,  188 

Harney,  Col.,  superintends  erection  of  Fort  Winnebago,  101 

Harrison,  President,  personal  memorial  of,  promised,  11 

Harvard,  University  publications,                           '  9 

Haskins,  R;  W^  Legend  of  the  Winnebagoes,  86 

Haseltine,  Ira  S.,  sketch  of  Richland  coanty,  107 

Hatch,  an  early  settler  of  Oconomowoc,  138 

Hathaway,  Joshua,  paper  on  Indian  Names,  IIG 

Hawley,  Cyrus,  an  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  128,  131 

Hemlock  llsland,  Indian  name  of,  122 

Hennepin,  Father,  early  explorer,  66 

Henry  Alexander,  an  early  Indian  trader,  46 

Higley,  O,  N.  an  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  '         137 

Hifitorical  works,  number  in  library,  '  7 

local,  useful  in  tracing  genealogy)  9 

Hiatorical  Societies,  colleottona,  exchanges  and  co-operatipn,  8,  9,146 

thejr  uses  and  value,  14, 15 

commended  by  Webster  and  Winthrbp,  l!4 

Historical  and  Scientific  Sketches  of  Michigan,  cited,  62 

Hoetellin^,  Peter,  early  navigator  of  Lake  Winnebago,  106 

Holmes,  Fort,  at  Mackinaw,  6i^  , 

Horse  theivei  and  gamblers  driven  off  by  Brothertowns,  105, 106 
Howard,  Fort,                                                                             62,  67,  72,  78 

Hunt,  John  W.,  Rec.  Sec  Wi6.  Hist  Society,  1854-5,  8, 16 

contributor  of  newspaper  fite,  9 

Gazetteer  of  Wisconsin,  cited,*  108 

Hntchins,  Thomas,  noticed,  3  3, 38 , 


Illinois,  or  Isle  Aux  Koiz,  Indians, 

country,  M.  De  Boisbriante  and  A(.  De  Siette,  early 
commanders, 
Indian  Names,  and  Indian  Nomenclature,  papers  on, 
Indians^  unfavorable  to  civilization, 

kindness  of  General  Government  towards, 
Indian  Wars,  Winnebagoes  with  Sacs  and  Foxeai 

French  against  the  Foxes, 

Pontiac's  outbreak,  1763, 

Winnebago  disturbance  1827^ 

Black  Hawk's, 
International  litjrary  exchanges, 
Iowa  Indians  probably  alluded  to 
Iowa  county,  origin  of  name, 
Irwin,  Judge  David,  of  Territorial  Judiciary, 
Iile  Castor,  in  Green  Bay, 

J. 

Jackaon,  President,  Mills'  Statuette  of  promised, 
Johnaton's  portrait  of  promised 


34 


French 


21,  22. 

116,119 

70 

81—84 

89—93 

93 

39—46 

66,  87,  95—97 

71—85,  98—100 

12 

32.38 

113 

127 

43,  4& 


11 
l«,  la 


156 

• 

Jbmestown,  Ruitu,  Sallv's  iotended  pftiotmg  of  12 

Jamet,  Lientenant,  killedat  Mackinaw  id  1768,  39 

JeffarsDD  county,  named  after  President  Jeffiftnon,  1  !3 

Jenny  BuQ  Falls  and  Rapids,  Indian  names  of,  121,  122 

Jesuit  Relations  of  New  France,  1648— '4,  in  Library,  6 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  at  Detroit  in  1761,  26 

Jobnaton,  John  R.,  portrait  of  Geo.  Jackson  promised,  12, 13 

Jonei^  Milo,  an  earJy  settler  of  Milwaukee,  131 

Peter^  a  missionary  to  the  Indiana,  111 

Judiciary  of  Wisconsin  in  1837 — '8,  127 
Juneau,  Solomon,                                                                       07,  130—134 

Ea-kak-o-na-yosh,  or  the  Sparrow  Hawk,  '128 

Kauah-kau-no-naive,  or  Qrizsly  Bear,  69,  74 

Keokuk,  chief  of  the  Saea  and  Fozei^  8& 

Ke-wau-nee,  origin  and  signification  of  name^  117 

Kickapoos,  alladed  to,  23 

Kilboum,  HoQ.  Byron,  early  settler  of  MilvanJUe,  180 

Kill  Soake  Settlement,  Calumet  county,  104 

King;  James  and  Edward  W.,  early  Waukesha  settlers,  137 

Knapp*s  Creek,  Richland  county,  107 

Koah-ko  nong,  Lake,  lurking  place  of  Black  Hawk's  follQwersi  72,  118 

La  Bay,  or  Green  Bay,                             '  .  25 

Lac  Courteoreille,  origin  and  meaning  of  the  name,          *  114 

Lac  Flambeau,  or  Torch  Lake,  origin  of  name,  114 

Lafayette  county,  named  after  Gen.  Lafayette,  113 

Lafromboise,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  134 
Lake  Winnebago  mentioned,                                              •  26, 32,  52,  74, 106 

Land.«ingand  son,  killed  in  the  Sac  country,  38 

Lapham,  Increase  A.,  V.  P.  Wis.,  Hist  Society,  J 

La  Pointer  French  post  at,  in  1726,  22 

county,  origin  of  name,  1 13, 123 

La  Salle^  early  French  explorer,  66 

Law,  John,  early  influential  settler  at  Green  Bay,  58,  6i 

Laws,  early  codes,  governing  Wisconsin,  in  Library,  8 

Lead  ore»  digging  and  smelting,  miners*  claims,  80,  81,  9s 

Legend  of  the  Winnebagoea,  86 

Lesearbot's  History  of  New  iB^rance,  1609,  0 
Leslie^  Lieutenant,  in  command  at  Mackinaw,                              25,  33,  39,  47 

Lettres  Edifiantes  et  Curieussa,  set  in  Library,  5 

Light  Cloud,  or  The  Prophet,       .  12,  72, 84 

Little  Bull  or  Spruce  Falls,  Indian  name  of,  122 

Detroit,  on  south  side  6f  Green  Bay,  31,  32,  43 

Ban  Pleine,  or  Rice  Stalks'  river,  Indian  name  of,  12o 

Pine  Creek,  Indian  name  o(  12o 

Prairie  Creek,  12q^ 
Local  histories,  useful  in  tracing  genealogy, 


we 

Lockwood,  Roberty  earlj  settler  of  Waukesha,  Mt 

Loflsinfi;,  Benson  J^  works  promised^  ,11 

Loitridffe,  an  earlj  Wisconsin  Indiaa  trader,  ^1^  46 

Loud  Thunder,  Black  Hawk's  son,  12^  72,  M 

Love,  Robert,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  13) 

Iiuddington,  Messrs.,  early  Milwaukee  settlers,  US 

Luther,  early  settler  at  Waukesha,  134, 13^ 

M. 

Maokinaw,  early  notices  of,  25-«-47,  64 — 67 

Madison,  its  primitive  appearance,  lOOj  101, 148 

Maine  Hist  bociety,  unrepresented  in  the  Library,  S 

i         ^  Manderville,  John,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  134,137 

Manitowoc,  derivation  and  meaning.  111,  1 17 

Mann,  McM^y,  early  settler  of  Calumet,  104 

Maps,  early,  of  the  West,  in  the  Library,  6,  11 

Martin,  Hon.  Morgan  L.,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  1 8f 

V,P.  of  the  Wis.  Hist.  Sodety,  9 

S.  H.,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee^  1  SI 

Jfarehall,  Chief  Justice,  Sully's  ptomised  portrait,  12 

Marsh,  Rev.  Cutting,  a  pioneer  missionary,  104- 

Maryland  Historical  Society's  co-operation,  9 

JBaskoutens,  33 

Ma^ochusetts  Hist.  Society's  collections,  d,  P 

McKay,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  26 

McLane,  Hon.  Q.  R.,  a  V.  P.  of  Wis,  Hist.  Society,  3 

McMiilen,  an  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  %  135,  136^ 

Mci^eill,  Col.  John,  commandant  at  Mackinaw,  51 

Mendall,  Ezra,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  137 

Medicine  Man,  or  Conjurer,  123,  124 
Menomonees,  or  Foljes  Avoines,                          28—47, 52—58, 68—77,  Oft 

Menomonee,  or  Shanty  Town,  Green  Bay,  67 

Mill  Creek,  or  Waupeety  River,  1 18,  120 

Miller,  Col.  John,  commandant  at  Green  Bay,  49 — 6Z 

Milte,  Clark,  Statuette  of  Jackson  promised  1 1 

Hon.  Simeon,  member  Executive  Committee,  1854' — 5,  3»  16 
Milwaukee,  origin  of  name,  early  settlement,  32, 85, 37, 1 J  3, 116,  130 — 134 
Mineral  Point,  early  notices  of,                                                80,  97,  144,  145 

Mining  District,  digging  mineral,  smelting,  80, 81,  9 S 

Mitchell,  S.  Augustus,  map  publications  promised,  11 

Alexander,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,  133 

Mont-trempereau,  origin  and  meaning,  114 

Morao,  an  early  Wisconsin  Indian  trader,  38,  48 
Morse,  Dr.  J.,  Indian  Tour  and  Report,                                     35,  58,  61,  111 

Morton,  CoL.  Register  of  Milwaukee  Land  O'ffioe,  127,  l29 

Mountain  of  Stars,  origin  of  name,  114 
Muk- wan-ago,  or  Me-qon-igo,                                                     118, 135,  IdS 

Muosees  in  Wisconsin,  6S 

Murry,  early  settler  of  Wankeeha,  ld5 

Musk^go,  meaning,  117 


N. 

Kah-pope,  head  chief  of  the  Sacs  and  Vqxh,  72,  S4 

ira*Mo]te|  a  Menomonee  chief    '  09 

l^apoleon  medals,  11 

!Na-8he-a  kaak,  or  Loud  Thunder,  Black  HawkV  bod,  12,  72,  84 

Natural  bridge  over  Pine  River,  Richland  counl]r,  IQB 

Navarino,  Green  Baj,  67 

Nelson,  Messrs.,  early  settlers  of  Waukesha,  135 

Neihotah,  origin  and  meaning,  117 

l^ew  England  Historic- Genealogieal  Society's  pubKcalions,  8 

Mew  Hampshire  Hist  Society's  collectionsi                          *  8 

New  Jersey,                «          .i          «  g 

Newspapers,  files  of  in  the  Library,  7, 8 

New  Wood  River  and  Rapid-,  Indian  nam^of  120, 121 

•  New  York  Hist  Society,  unrepresented  in  the  Library,  0 

Nichols,  early  hotel  keeper  at  Mineral  Point,  144, 145 

Nickell,  A.  C.  early  settler  at  Waukesha,  1S5 

Ni  W  National  Register,  full  set  in  Library,  G 

.    O. 

Objects  of  collection  desiredj^y  the  Society,  146 

Ocooomowoc,  118, 138 

'Offioere  of  the  Society  for  1855,                          ^  3 

Ohio  Historical  Society's  collections,  8 

Onddas  in  Wisconsin,  68 

One-Sided  or  Trap  Rapids,  Indian  name  of,     \  122 

Onondagaa  in  Wisconsin,  68 

OPlaine  or  Des  Plaines  River,  97, 118 

Opukwa  or  Rice  Lakes,                                            i  75 

Ordway,  Moses,  an  early  settler  6{  Wauk^8iM^  187 

Oeh-k  ba-wis,  or  The  Messenger,  a  Chippewa  chief,  123, 124 

Osh-kee  he  naw-niew,  or  The  young  Man,  a  Menomonee  chief,  69 

.  Oshkosh,  head  chief  of  the  Menomonees,  69 

city,  people  early  went  for  milling  to  Brothertown  Mill?,  104 
Ottowa  Indians,                                                                               23, 31—47 

Otlowa,  early  settlement,  138 
Oiicbata,  principal  chief  of  the  Foxes  in  1726,                               ^        21,  23 

Owen,  1. 0.,  early  settler  of  Waukesha,  137 

P. 

Farkman,  Francis,  the  historian,  10,  t4 

Park?,  Rufus,  early  settler  of  Milwaukee,        «,  131 

Peckatonakie  river,  97 

Pennensha,  an  early  French  trader  among  the  Sioux,  41 

PeDDsylvania  Historical  Society's  co  operation,  9 

Eve.  Post,  early  61§  of,  in  Library,  7 

Records  and  Archives,  in  Libn^,  10 

Pettigrew  family  murdered  by  Indians,  98,  99 

Pe-wan-kee  Lake,  Waukesha  CQUOty,  118, 135 

»         early  settlement,  138 


158 

Picture  GaUery  of  the  Society,  1^»  ^^»  ^^ 

Pierce,  Gen.  B,  K  and  Lieut.  John,  at  MacKna^  ^^ 

Pilote  Traver8«,at  Mouth  of  Green  Bay,  int  'ino 

Pine  River  and  Natural  Bridge,  Richland  county,  107, 108, 109 

Marathon  county,  Indian  name  of;  J^ 

PUhtakaorFox  River,  J^ 

Pixley,  J.  W.,  early  settler  of  Mflwaukee,  J»^ 

Pbvcr,  or  River  of  Flags,  Indian  name  of,  ,on  i«^ 

Point  Bas,                                    ^       ,  ^.                  r  ill 

Point, The,  or  Du  Bays'  Trading  Post,  Indian  name  of,  i»^ 

Pontiac  Parkman's  able  work  on,  1^.  »* 

Portage  City  and  county,  ongin  of  the  name,  US,  IVA  Ai^ 

Porter,  early  settler  of  Pewaukee,  **» 

Pottawattamies,  ^Tl 

Powell,  Dr.  Wm.  Byrd,  portrait  of,           .      «        .  o 

Powers,  Hon.  David  J.,  member  of  ExecuUve  CommiUee,  ^ 

Prairie  du  Chien,                                            ^  ^5,  96, 98, 1 14 

Traditionary  battle  fought  there,  \ii 

Prairie  La  Crosse,  origin  of  name,  J* 

Prairie  River  and  Rapids,  Indian  names  of,  |2U,  i^i 

Prairie  Village,  Prairieville,  or  Waukesha,                 .  134»  l*^ 

Prairie  ^olf,  singular  trait  noticed,  '^ 

Pfc>cott,  W.  H.,  the  historian,  works  promised,  »  i^o  ai 

Prophet,  The,  portrait  of,  and  character,  -^  ^»  ^*'  rj 

Provisions,  high  prices  of,  *-*' 

Pnans,— see  Winnebagoes       /  c»   cc 

-  Puthuff,  Maj.  W.  H.,  of  Mackanaw,  55,  66 

Q. 

Quiner,  E,  B.,  contributor  of  newspaper  files,  *  *^ 

li. 

Racine  Co.,  originofname,     118,  118  Richland  Go.,  noticed,     107,  108,  113 
Rapide  of  Wisconsin,  121, 122  Centre,  Richland  Ca,       109 

Reaume,  Judge  Chs.  of  G.  Bay,  69,61                 City,  do         108, 109 

Rccollectien8ofG.Bay,inl816-'l7,  49  Richmond,  do         ,        IW 
•  of  Wisconsin  in  1832,  64  River  of  Flags^  or  Plover  River,     120 

Red  Bird  surrendered,                      96  Robinson,  Hon.  C.  D.,  2[,  184 


Red  Cedar  or  Conanfs  Rapids,       122 
Reed,  Geo.,  Curtis  and  Orson,  ^      131 
Reminiscences  of  Wisconsin,     *      127 
Reynards,  see  Foxes, 
Rib  River,  Indian  name  of,  120 

Rice,  eariy  settler  of  Waukesha,     137 
Rice  Lakes  or  Opakwa,  76 

Stalk?,  or  Little  Eue  Pleine  R.  1 20 
wild,  its  growth  and  uses,  28, 63, 74 
Richards,  Daniel  H.,  131 


Rochester,  Racine  county,       117,  118 
Rock  county,  origin  of  name,  1 13 

Rock  River  Rapids,  100 

Rockwell,  of  Ocononiowoc,  138 

Rocky  or  Copper  River,  120 

Roseboom,  early  Indian  trader,  4  # 

Rossraan,J.  W^  137 

Rowan,  Wallis,  Indian  trader,         100 
t  143:  144 

Ruins  of  Jamestown,  Va.,  1^ 


159 


S. 


Sacs,  early  notices  of,  21,  26—43 

traditionary  War,  89—93 

Indian  War,  '32.  71-85,  98-100 

Saucy  Jack,  gallant  exploit  of,  06 

Sauk  county,    .  108,  118 

Prairie,  mentioned.  *  ^100 

Saateura — see  Chip[)ewas,    ^. 

Schoolcraft,  H.  R^  62 

Soott,  Gen.Winfield  73,  81 

Seoeca  Indians  in  Wisconsin,  68 

Sergeant,  an  early  settler,  135 

Seymour,  W.  N, 

Shanty  Town  or  Menomonee,     67,  70 

Sheboygan  couuty,  1 1 3, 1 1 7 

Sbeppard,  Moses,  13, 14 

Show-ne-on, or  Silver,  aMenomonee,  69 

Sbull«burginl828,  97 

Sioux  Indians,      23,  26, 32,  36,  37, 41 

Smart,  Isaac  and  Richard,  135 

Smelting  lead,  80 

Smith,  Gen.  W.  R.  Pres.  Wis.  Hist 

Society,  3,  16 

Hist,  of  Wis.  cited,  92,99 

Hon.  John  Y.,  3 

Truman  L.,  early  settler,     131 

^Smithsonian  Institutions'  Trans.,         8 

^ft  Maple  River,  120 

•Solomon,  Lery  and  Ezekiel,  48 

Souligny,  Menomonee  chief,  69 

-Sparrow  Hawk.  Chippewa  chief,     123 

Springfield,  ill.,  in  1822,  95 

.St.  Croix  county,     '  113 

.St.  Josephs,  22,  25,  27 


St.  Regis  Indians  in  Wis.  ^    68 

Stambaugh,  Col.  S.  C,  .  77 

State  Hist.  Soc,  first  suggested,         5 

organized,  5 

charter  obtained,        5 

re-organized,  5 

annual  appropriatioDy  6 

publications  tor  ex.  6, 9 

^  vols,  in  Library,   6-h8 

Trans,  of  Societies,  8,9 

M.  1^.  collections, 

autographs,  W 

antiquities     and 

medals,  11 

personal  memorials^  II 

prom,  contributions,  11 

picture  gal.    12^18,72 

gratifying  success,     14 

£x.  Com.  1854,       16 

officers  for  1855,        8 

objects  of  col.         140 

Stewart,  Ira,  early  settler  135 

Stevens'  Point,  122 

Stillman's  defeat,  71,  83,  9B 

Stockbridgelnds.  in  Wi8. 68, 103 — 106 

Stooping  Spirit  River,  120 

Story,  Augustus,  139 — 145 

Street,  Alfred  B.  n 

Sully,  Thomas,  painting  .  12 

Robert  M.  paintings  12,  72 

Summit,  early  settlement,  l^g 

Sycamore  Creek,  71,  83,  98 


T. 


Tallinadge,  ExGov.  N.  P.  13| 

Tassiraanonny,  63 

Taverns  in  early  times,   136,  140,  141 

144,  146 
Tecnmseh  in  Wis.  53,  54 

Tenney,  H.  A.  Early  Times,  94 

Tides  at  Green  Baf ,  62 

Thomas,  Col.  James,  49 

Thompf^on,  Daniel,  early  settler  137 
Token  Greek,  former  lodian  town,  101 
Toland,  Patrick,  7 

"Tomab,  or  Carron,  63 — 58 


Tommy  Hawk  Lake,  123 

Tooth  orWaupeety  River,      118,  120 
Torch  or  Flambeau  Lake,  114 

Totems,  or  tribal  distinctions,  1 24^  1  ^ 
Trap  or  Dead  Fall  R.  and  Rap- 
ids, 120,  122 
Treasurer's  Report  1 9 
Tweed  y ,  Hon.  John  H.  131 
Twig(T«,  Maj.,  Ft.  Winnebago,  101 
Two  Rivera,  origin  of  name,  117 
Two- Sided  or  Grant's  Rapids^         122 


leo 


Vail,  of  Milvraukee,  127 

Vattemare's  Wiwury  6Xchaog«i^        12 
Vaadfeiil,  Marquis  De,  25,  C6 


Yieaa,  James,  Seo^ 
Virginia  Eiat.  Societj, 


134 


w. 


Wallace,  laaae  H^ 
Walker,  Boo.  George  H, 
Walton,  Nathaniel, 
Walworth  Oonntjr, 
Wa pe-sheka, or  Prophet, 
Wanlner,  Fred., 


108 
180 

%isd 

114 
12,72,84 
131 


Warm  Cave,  in  Richland  Co^         108 
Warriner,  Pliney,  86 

Washington,  Qeo.,  Sullj's  portrait,    12 
personal  me^riak,  1 1 
Water,  transparency,  77 

Watson,  James  T.  and  Asa  S.,       IS 
Waukesha,     118, 116—118,184, 140 
Waupeety  River,  118,  120 

Wausan,  or  Big  BuU  Falls,  122 


Webster,  Daniel 
Wee-nip*  pe-ffoes, 
Wells,  Hon.  Daniel  Jr. 

J.  If. 
West,  early  maps  of 


andH. 


11,14 

35 

N,  121 

187 

6,11 


Westbll,  pioneer  of  Calamet,  108, 104 

Wh\te,  Albert,  137 

William  A.,  11 

White  Crow,  a  Winnebago,  99 

Wbitesides,  Oen.  96 

Whiting,  Col,  Henry,  62 

Whitney,  Daniel,  104 

Whitney  Rapids,  122 

Whittlesey,  Col.  Charles,  21, 64 

Wild  Cat  Currency,  132 

Wild  Ducks,  63,  74! 


Wild  Rice,  28,  es,  74 

Williams,  Rev.  Eleaxer  68 

Henry,  181 

Willow  Creek,  10» 

Wmnebagoes  ^^i  ^8,  43,  68 

Legend  of  66 

hostile,  1827,   86,  ^,95—97 

Black  Hawk  war,  74, 76, 76, 99 

Winnebago  Fort,      72, 78, 76, 96, 97, 

100,  101, 104 

Lake,     26,  82,  52,  74,  90 


County, 
Winthrop,  Hon.  R.  C. 
Wisconsin,  origin  of  name, 
early  laws, 
Ter.  oiganized, 
rapid  settlement, 


114 

14 

111 

8 

100 

101 

early  tarems,  136,140,  '1,  *4,  '5 


high  prices,  137 

hard  times,  132,  138 

Recollections,  49, 64 

Esrly  Times,  94 

Indian  names,      II9,  '16,  19 

Remioiscences,  127 

falls  and  rapids,  121,  122 

first  railroad,  189 

governors' portraits,     *        18 

Wisheet,  Indian  chief,  84 

Woodman,  Cyrus,  V.  P.,  H.  Soc.        3 

Woodward,  Judge,  62 

Wyman,  W.  W.,  newspaper  files,       7 


Yellow  Thunder, 


74 


ERRATTA. 

Page    29— End  of  first  line,  instead  of  ''SngignkhiV  read  .Bn^ish  JBnf. 
«    100—* WiLUAM  FoBcs  should  evidently  read  Qborob  Forgi.  ^ 


REPORT 


ov 


MR.    M'INDOE, 


Wmom  IBB  OOlOaTTBB  TO  WHOM  WAS  KCTintHKn  80  XDOB  OVTBB 


GOVERNOfi'S  MESSAGE, 


IB  BXLATEB  ID 


SWAMP    LANDS. 


1000  COPIES  ORDEBSD  PBIMTED. 


MADISON: 

BSBIAH  BROWK,  PBIVTXB. 
»65. 


:     t 


'.    \ 


i  \ 


EEPORT 


1.. 


the  message  of  bis  Excellenp/  t^.QQyejF^4ri-«#riX))<^«MU)it]^  .Mlkiii 
ject  of  the  grant  of  "overflowed  and  swamp  lands,"  have  bad  the 

'beuMehtfon,  fllDdib«g'lea^e«iib««ycb^e«tfb^tbiiti<3te 

1     ;■'.•.  :        •.  .    ■:       ■    '       ■  :     ;  ■    ■■■• 

;■......•,....':,.•.  ••  •   sxpo^.'   ••?   • 

.3%i^fn9piaqd.oy,ftif^7%d.kn^A7'i4«>iAii<wc^'»^  jtm^  ^i' 
«Oififi».ot  ^imn/^^SW^  8««t«intopii.^tl»v/XWiO,.,gwiiitod»''  tab 
^^<f8  JArni]M<^.t^Q7.4WA  eMiH»t#^>  .^jil^tJtat/tlUcmwi  tpRoifs^lt 

clWT^  wf«fif>fitnwi9miff*  f^t^.m^ppn  pfit0timmp§i<$Mb 

l4»t|^  4:  M'i)Wtip«  ectosiA^sir  9fifirga,jvfmtiiie9^9,%}i»fit  41w  faudwir 

^)ni8!A^<tt»iW>l9%iW  tlMt70W.  I  1Ih»jiblilw*P-  MRwdiNs,  oC-.tlMd 
SgiwtitMH{l)iPtj>HyyW9pt»#^  «7^ft1i44Jaitt4>il]^«giiiA.iiiortMi»  effi 

tjt  the  Govemor,  in  his  annual  message,  to  be  aa  follows : 


Id  the  Milwaakee  Land  District, 

58,686  98-100 

RcreB. 

«      Mineral  Pobt,      « 

18,616  40-100 

€C 

"      LaCroBse,             « 

217,39518-100 

« 

«      Willow  Eiver,      « 

118,016  46  100 

« 

«     Henasha,              « 

717,628  63-100 

it 

"   '  StevenB  Point,      "   .   . 

1      .  ' 

J    .621,670  63-100 

■ 

ti 

Total, 

1,641,662 10-100 

it 

llieamonnt  still  nnsurveyed  can  be  estimated  onlj  upon  the 
basis  of  remote  probabilities,  but  i%  cannot  be  far  from  1,400,000 
acres ;  so  that  the  amount  which  will  fiDallj  accrue  to  the  State 
will  hardly  vary  far  from  8,000,000  of  acres.  Snch  is  the  calcu- 
lation  expressed  in  the  last  annual  message  of  his  excellency  the 
goveiWr,  and  your  eommtttee  is  of  the  dpinion  that  It  approzU 
malei,  as  neariy  te  possible,  to  correctness.  '      ! 

Xbe  present  and  the  ultimate  ralne  of  theift  lalida  affords  •  tiM  . 
more  unsatisfactory  field  of  speculation  than  their  amoosk  Mmijr  ^ 
of  the  tracts,  are  probably  entir^ywortl^ess,  or  will  be  so  nnlesa  at 
an  expense  in  reclaiming  them  far  exceeding  any  possible  value 
they  aight  attain;  others  are  doubtless  among  the  best  lands  in 
the  state  for  meadows  and  for  grazing  purposes ;  while  the  qnan-  * 
Htj  is  A4t  small  that  is  fitted  for  any  purpose  of  settlement  $sad  ' 
cttttnire.  When  aportion  of  a  quarterseetion  descends  into  a  mareb^ ' 
orts  she  low  banks  of  a  stream,  so  that  more  Ihan  half  of  the  sob^ 
dif^iiofi  was  affbeted  by  it,  it  has  been  the  cnfttom  of  the  Govern- ' 
mefltfiurveyors  to  designate  the  entire  tract  as  swamp  lands,  an<  '• 
wh^erever  saoh  eases  occur  the  tract  is  more  valuable  than  any  • 
oflier species «f  land  as itcomprisies  every  variety,  upland,  wood, ' 
paitore  and  meadow,  neo^isary  to  the  wants  Ht  the  cokiTieniettoe  6f  I 
tbs  settler.   Bot  what  portion  of  Ihe  entire  amount  oonsistss  of  thta^ ' 
the  imist  valuable  eharaoter  of  labds,  and  what  portion  contolMso^' 
tke  otiMr,  which  Is  wholly  wiofthless,  is  A  SilbJeM  np6ii  whidi  yMir' 
cdmniittee  is  «nable  io  oflkr  any  mliable  infefiMtlon,  and  notUDg  * 
bat  a'persooal*0ittveyi  the  liodk  oT  wliidi  Wd«ld  flu*  e&ceed  fell* 


,  t^enefita,  could  fnrnUh  aiiy  knowledge  b^iyond  general  estinmtes 
upon  the  aubject.  Perhaps  the  foliowing  erode  tappoaitien  maj 
be  as  near  as  it  is  poeeible  to  arrive  at  present 

Amonnt  partly  swamp  and  partly  upland,       -        250,000  Acres. 

«'        wholly  swarap,  and  fitted  for  meadow,      85^,000  « 
"        wholly  swamp,  which  might  be  reclaimed 

at  slight  expense,  -        -        -        750,000  " 

''        wholly  swamp,  to  'redaimi  which  would 

coat  their  entire  value,  -        •        -        500,000  " 

"        wholly  swamp,  woi-thless,         -        -        650,000  " 

Total,        .        -        -        .     3,000,000  Acres. 

These  are  bnt  rough  estimates,  yet  as  they  are  based,  to  a  certain 
extent,  npon  the  pergonal  acquaintance  of  yonr  committee  with 
the  condition  of  the  swamp  lands  in  (heir  several  localitiiM*  and, 
.  to  a  still  greater  extent,  npon  the  information  of  menr  from  rarious 
parts  of  the  state,  possessing  a  knowledge  upon  the  subject,  we 
are  of  opinion  that  they  cannot  vary  widely  from  the  troth. 

The  granv  by  the  terms  of  which  these  landd,  have  or  will.come 
into  the  possession  ot  the  state,  provides  that  the  prooee(|9  arising 
from  their  disposal  shall  be  applied  ''as  far  as.  necessary"  to  re- 
claiming thorn  by  levees,  drainage,  &o..  The  phrase  ''as  far  as 
necessary"  haf  been  regarded  as  more  than  equivocal  in  its  meisn- 
iog;  whether  it  is  intended  to  express  the  requirement  that  the 
lands  shall  be  all  reclaimed  by  means  of  drains  and  levees,  and 
.  their  proceeds,  "  as  far  as  necessary,"  shall  bo  applied  to  that  pur- 
pose, or  whether  they  shall  be  reclaimed  "  as  far  as  necessarj^"  to 
the  convenience  of  the  settler,  and  salubrity  oi  the  neighborhood, 
IS  a  qnestlon  which  has  arisen  in  the  minds  of  your  committee,  ivid 
of  able  and  learned  lawyers  who  have  thought  upon  the  subject 
The  only  object  which  the  ;;overnment  can  entertain,  in  enacting  a 
requirement  upon  the  subject,  is  .tlie  health  and  comfort  of  its  citi- 
zens. The  personal  and  pecuniary  advantagje  of  drainage  and  re- 
daimation,  if  no  other  cause  existed  for  requiring  it,  would,  of 


conrsey  be  left  to  the  choice  and  enterprize  of  the  settler,  or  perflcm 
'jlmin^ateljr iittereftted.  As  the  ealubrity  of  the  climate  tiitfdttie 
.  health  lof  th3  ne^bb^hood  in  which  the  lands  lie,  is  ther^fbt-O'' the 
end  desired  by  the  govi^mment,  and  as  the  drainage  of  <i22i^e 
lands  may  be  far  from  necessary  to  that  object,  your  coqamitt^  ia 
of  opinion  that  the  phrase  '^  as  far  necessary"  applies  to  the  extent 
to  which  the  work  of  reclamation  shall  be  carried,  and  not^to  tJie 
amount  of  proceeds  to  be  used  for  that  purpose. 

It  is  evident  that  the' labor  of  digging  drains  and  constructing 
levees  can  never  be  performed  to  advantage  by  the  State.  The 
sinall  tesultB  that  are  accompliished  by  even  a  lavish  expen(liturd 
of  money  when  the  government  is  the  paymaster,  has  become 
proverbial.  It  is  well  understood  that  a  private  individual  can 
executq  th^same  amount  of  the  same  quality' of  wotkat  one*half 
or  two*thii:da  the  cost  for  which  the  public  authority  can  do  it 
vCSoqgre^B  itself  seems  to  have  contemplated  thefaetisitiiepecailiar 
(.phraseology  of  the  act  of  grant,  that  the  prooeeds  ^^whetber  fblm 
sale,  or  by  direct  appropriation  in  kind,"  should  be  applied  to  4^0 
purpose  designated. 

A'  single  phrase  o'f  the  constitution  of  this  State  has  also  'been 
-supposed  to  create  difficulties  in  deciding  what  shall  be  done  with 
these  lands  after  we  have  obtained  them.    Sec.  2,  article  10,  pro- 
Tides' that  amorig  other  lands  and  resources,  **all  moneys  arising 
''from  any  grant  to  the  State,  when  the  purposes  of  snch  grant  rfre 
not  specified,''  fehall  be  set  apart  as  a  separate  fund,  to  be  called  the 
'  **8ohool  fhnd.**    The  liberality  which  dictated  the  bounteous  pro- 
'  Yisito^made  by  our  constitution  for  the  education  of  the  people  of 
the  State,  was  enlarged  and  noble.    It  has  secured  an  ample  fund, 
Whifeh,  for  all  time  to  come,  is  an  inexhaustible  inheritance  to  bo 
•applied  to  the  worthiest  objects  of  public  enlightenment  and  mtel- 
'  lectoal  renown.    But  whether  the  precise  terms  of  the  constitution, 
apply  td  the  grant  under  consideration,  is  a*  question  with  your 
'  comrtiittee.    The  purposes  of  the  grant  of  "swamp  and  overflftwed 
'  'hmds"  are  specified  to  be  their  drainage  and  reclamation  foi^  ciilli- 


yiition.  If  ftn  overplus  i^hall  exiety  the  object  to  which  if  is  to  ,(e 
Aevc^ecl  is  not,  to  be  sure,  specified ;  but  we  think  it  very  douiit- 
'*lil  whether  a  provision  of  the  constitution  can  cover  part  of  tlie 
(HToeeeds  of  the  grant,  and  not  the  other.  The  constitution  either 
relates  to  the  whole  of  the  grant,  or  to  none  of  it.  Jt  cannot  relate 
to  the  whole,  because  a  part  is  otherwise  provided  for;  and  we  are 
ther^ore  of  opinion  that  no  part  of  the  proceeds  of  the  "swamp 
and  overflowed  lands"  is  justly  applicable  to  the  increase  of  the 
school  fund.  It  may  be  further  urged  that  the  grant  was  made 
isabsequent  to  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  and  that  had  the 
terms  of  that  instrument  been  even  less  dubious,  they  would  iupo 
way  applied  to  the  swamp  land  grant. 

The  oansideratiods  bring  us  to  the  conclusion  that  the  state  rests 
imdemoreBtnetaionsBSto  its  disposal  of  the  proceeds  of  the  grant, 
^-wilh  the  single  exception  that  it  shall  secure,  ^'so  far  as  necessary" 
>tbeir  drainage  and  the  removal  of  such  causes  as  might  prove  del- 
eterious to  the  health  of  those  neighbourhoods  in  which  the  lan^B 
are  axtoated. 

Your  committee  has  considered  the  subject  of  restrictingi  the 
.gale  to  limited  quantities  and  actual  settlers.  Yet  while  strongly 
.^L  favor  of  the  principle  as  applied  generally  to  the  public  lauds, 
,l>oth  of  the  state  and  general  goverimiBoi»,  tiiey  have  thouj^ht 
,  that  the  swamp  lands  constitute  an  exception  to  a  jule<the  gtoeiial 
.Justice  and  good  poli<^  of  which  they  freely  admit.  The  ''swmaip 
,iiad  overflowedrlands,"  are  of  course,  valueless  ««^r  settlementyeK- 
rCfjpt  a.  few  of  the  highest  tracts,  and  portions  of  thoee  subdivigions 
;  which  ^re  upland  and  which  have  been  thrown  inWcause  nm-e 
,tfaao  half  of.  the  tract  was  ovex:flowed  or  marshy  land,  flhe 
,r^y^9m]p  lapds  are  vaJlaable  only  as  appartenancea  to  cultivated 
r farms,  when  they  lie  in  large  tracts,  of  thousands  of  aeret^  astbey 
.Bomctimes.do,  it  is  impossible  that  the  eentral  portions  eK<HikLibe 
.  ao^i  to  an.  actual  settler,  as.  none  would  settle  upon  it..  Further,  it  is 
ibe,  evident  intent  of  the  act  of  grant,  that  these  lands  should  be 
xc^daiimied  as  ap^edily  as  possible.    To  restrict  the  sMe  would  alpo 


delay  it^  and  long  delay  xnigl^t  work  a  forfeitore  of  thfat  granl^  and 
fioally,  there  are  other  terms  of  sale  proposed  in  the  bill  herewith 
submitted,  which  will  probably  act  virtually  as  apreventive  of  mo- 
nopoly to  the  disadvantage  of  him  whose  intention  to  devote  the 
land  to  his  own  use  gives  him  a  prior  and  preferred  claim  to  it.  We 
have  provided  that  the  purchaser  shall  execute  the  labor  of  recla- 
mation, have  given  preemption  every  usual  and  advantageoue 
right,  and  have  given  the  purchaser  for  cultivation  precedence  in 
every  case  of  doubt  or  privilege. 

In  considering  the  disposal  of  these  lands,  and  that  disposition 
which  would  be  best  and  wisest  for  tlie  state,  your  committee  has 
thought  that  pl$n  most  politic  which,  while  lessening  the  burthen 
of  public  taxation,  increases  the  ability  of  the  people  to  bear  it. 
This  they  consider  to  be  a  primary  object  of  government  and  a 
creditable  achievement  of  statemanship — to  reduce  as  greatly  as 
possible  the  necessary  expense  which  is  borne  by  the  citizen,  and 
to  add  to  his  means  of  paying  it  We  have  endeavored  to  apply 
this  principle  to  the  disposal  which,  in  our  opinion,  the  state  should 
make  of  these  lands.  We  have  thought  that  a  portion  of  them  would 
form  a  proper  fund  to  be  used  for  works  of  local  improvement,  to 
provide  means  for  which  is  now  the  heaviest  task  borne  by  tlie 
early  and  by  no  m^ans  opulent  settlers  in  our  state.  We  have, 
therefore,  recommended  the  unsurveyed  portion  of  the  ^^overflowed 
land,"  lying  in  the  surveyed  portion  of  the  state,  and  those  swamp 
lands  lying  and  being  on  the  odd  ni\mbered  sections,  should  be  do- 
nated to  the  counties  in  which  they  lie,  for  the  purposes  of  reclam- 
ation and  to  form  a  fund  for  opening  and  improving  roads,  build- 
ing bridges,  and  such  works  of  this  nature  as  the  county  to  which 
they  are  donated  may  designate.  This  will  develop  the  reeonrcea 
of  the  state,  open  avenues  of  inter-communication,  bring  the  pro- 
ducer nearer  to  market,  and  it  will  discharge  an  expense  which 
has  hitherto  been  a  heavy  drafl  on  the  means  of  new  settlers, 
struggling  with  the  first  difficulties  of  settlement  in  an  uncultiva- 
ted country.  It  will  render  farms  more  valuable,  increase  the 
price  of  produce  by  lessening  the  cost  of  transportation,  and  it  will 


9 

aoeott^blhaie  tetaiti  wHhaiit  exjM^&fl^  to  Iftose  upon  ^oih  the 
IwMfil  IB  oodferred. 

The  ^<  swamp  and  overflowed  If  nds ''  being  on  tfae  eTen-munber- 
ed  sectiooB,  we  have  propoaed  Bhould  be  sold  bj  the  state  aoeofd- 
ing  to  a  plan  which  will,  we  truet,  be  a.aecarity  dgainet  frandsvin 
the  parchase,  and  in  the  expectation  that  the  treasury  will  realize 
ftom  it  an  ample  «am  tiiat  can  be  devoted  to  tbe  discharge  of  the 
indebtedness  contracted  by  the  state  in  its  labors  of  boDeficence  in 
ereeting  asylnms  for  the  indigent  insane,  blind,  deaf  and  dnmb, 
the  states  prison,  and  other  works  of  a  public  and  necessary  char- 
acter. This  disposition  was  recommended  by  his  excellency  the 
governor,  for  the  whole  of  the  lands ;  we  think  their  proceeds  will 
amount  to  far  more  than  will  be  necessary  for  those  objects,  and 
have  recommended  the  additional  plan  for  disposing  of  the  bal- 
ance. 

In  the  details  of  the  bill  we  have  framed,  a  protection  for  the 
pre-emptor,  have  given  the  intended  cultivator  of  the  lands  prefer- 
ence over  other  purchasers,  and  have  provided  that  the  primary 
objects  of  the  grant,  the  reclamation  of  the  lands  shall  be  coined 
into  effect.  The  minimum  price  of  the  lands  is  fixed,  for  the  pre- 
sent, at  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents  per  acre. 

Your  committee  would  also  recommend  that  his  Excellency,  the 
Oovemor,  be  requested  to  carry  into  effect  as  speedily  as  possible, 
the  measures  adopted  by  him  to  secure  to  the  state  the  title  to 
these  lands,  that  the  people  may  be  reaping  from  them  the  bene- 
fits they  were  designed  to  restore. 

And  your  committee  would  adopt  the  language  of  the  last  annu- 
al message  of  the  Governor,  as  follows :  ^^There  are  numerous 
considerations  which  should  weigh,  in  urging  an  early  disposition 
of  these  lands.  To  dispose  of  them,  would  tend  greatly  to  im- 
prove the  health  of  localities  contiguous  to  them  ;  would  hasten 
the  settlement  of  the  country,  and  make  productive  taxable  pro- 
perty of  much  of  that,  which  in  many  instances,  is  at  present  use- 

a 


10 

from  thenii  it  is  believed,  coald  be  rendered  8iiffioiM%f4tttMiali8 
to  prevent  them  bemg  thus  despoiled,  of  what,  in  many  instances, 
leODBtiiBilesthttir  ehtef  viUaOb  Beftid^s,  6ven  admitting  ihe  possi- 
-lirilitf  efiMfa^ciDg  vtA  a  law,  it  could  not  be  done  witb^tit  grekt 
't>alDpkiiL^  md^eacpemro  i»  the  stiite.'' 

^11  of  wii(fli,.,iiFi*  ^  acQompaniyiiig  biU,  is  ^retp^otfiiUy  .6<l>- 
,  putted. 


SPECIAL  MESSAGE 


<Nr    HI8  EXOXLLENOT  • 


THE    GOYEKNOR. 


600  COPIES  OBDXBBD  PBINTB]). 


HESSAJSE. 


EXEOUTIYE  DEPAWUEJST. . 

m 

Febj^uabt  28, 1855. 

In  punoaiice  of  the  sixtb  teetioii  of  the  fifth  «rtia)a  ^  t)i»;eoi|r^ 
atitiilim^  I  cMDmimieaM  to  tke  LegialMw^  all  A0  qflMfof  p«r4cia. 
gnoited  bf  thft  Extoative  dstiiig  tli«  9(Mir  Jl85i|  stol^  the  mu^e 
of  t&eeomrieCy  the  criioeof  iriiicheaoh  wttsooiivietoilf  A#  p«;p^t0M<i 
and  ili  dili^  and  the  date  of  Ifae  j^ardoO)  with  the  xaaaoos  for 
granting  the  aame. 

The  following  named  persotls  were  pardoned  Irjr- me  tiie  di^pM- 
rionstothe  expiration  of  their  sentenced/ npon  petitUnlind  evi*^ 
denee  of  good  behayior  and  reformation,  yts : 

Name.  OMdm^  Totd^        WhinS^iMMtd; 

Peter  DafEee,Afl8anlt  with  intent  to  lull,  8  years,    Kareh{(,*5i; 

William  Brophy,  Arson,  6  mottihi,OetoWtf/ffl 

OeoigeCFriescher,        «  •*  ^        •« 

Hngh  Crocker,  «  «  .«        u 

Qottlleld  Loon,  ^  u  a        u 


Kadm.  Crima  T«nB«  WhmSmtmotd, 

Adam  Mayer,  Larceoj,  1  year,    May  20, 185S. 

Joseph  Bondell,  •*  «         «      5,    « 

Abijah  liUle,  Forgery,  3  years,  June  10, 1852. 

Nathaniel  Hieox,  Larceny,  lyear.    Sept  38, 1858. 

Henry  Ee^^  Assanlt  with  intent  to  kill,  3  years,  Oct  1, 1852. 
Canute  Hanson,  Buiglai^y  lyear,     ^        1,1853. 

James  Harris,  Lareeny,  lyear,    Oct     3,    '' 

David  Wilson,  Passing  counterfeit  money,  3  years,  Oct  14, 1853. 
John  Seeley,  Assault  with  intent  to  km,  1  year,  Oct  7, 1853. 
Thomas  Shaw,  Larceny,  1  yrOmsSds,  April  26,'58. 

JohnFoater,  "^  3  yrs  3  ds,  Oct  89, 1858. 

David  Morgan,  Larceny,  and  Burglary,  3  years,  Nov.  1, 1851. 
John  Clancy,  Bobbeiy,  1  yr  6  ms,  May  30, 1853. 

Joel  Soper,  Larceny,  1  yr  3  ds,  Nov.  14,    ** 

Elizabeth  Owens, .         Lwest,  6  months^  June  19, 1854. 

^^^rap^^r  McCarthy  was  convicted  of  the  crime  of  murder  in 
October,  1849,  and  sentenced  to  death,  afterwards  the  sentence 
was  commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life ;  and  on  the  4th  day  of 
July,  18S4,  he  was  uneondilioiiaUy  pardoned,  upon  strong,  evideaee 
of  unintantiolial  IdllSag,  fitftoudied  me  im  additioa  to  tssktnlQiiy  rel- 
ative to  his  good  behavior,  and  beiag  adsed  fv  by  a  great  number  of . 
petitionerB  who  based  their  request  upon  alleged  knowledge  of  the 
circumstances  c<Mmeoted  with  the  transactioo,  and  aa  acqaainlsQce 
with  the  prisoner. 

Hioraee  BnAitk  was  convicted  of  buiglary  on  the  25tb  day  of 
Maveh^  A.  D.  1854|  and  sentenced  to  one  ye^ 's  imprisonment. 
He  was  pardoned  on  the  25th  day  of  Ai^^ust,  1854^  upon  evidence 
of  his  reformation,  tiie  recommendation  of  the  coart  which  tried 
himi  and  numerous  petitioners. 

David  JSeath  was  coni^icted  of  larceny  and  sentenced  in  Octo- 
ber, 1851,  to  four  years  imprisonment  He  was  pardoned  on  the . 
S6th  day  of  June,  1854,  there  having  been  evidence  of  his  proba-. 
ble  mnocenee  fumidied  me,  and  his  release  asked  for  by  the  dia* 
Met  attorney  and  part  of  the  jury  who  tried  him. 


6  ■ 

Jpkn  C<  Calvert  waa  convicted  of,  mauBlaughter  and  sentencea 
on  thft  ITth.  of  November,  1861,  to  seven  years  iinprifloninent. 
He  wafl  pardoned  on  thci  28th  day  of  An^st,  1854,  "based  on  fiie 
recommendation  of  connael  on  both  sides,  together  with  numerous ' 
petitions  and  the  consideration  that  he  had  already  been  punished 
Bufficiehtly  to  answer  die  fends  6f  jt&stice. 

George  J^be^rtsonjBifAS  on  the  17th  day  of  09bber,  1851,  sen- 
teni^ed  ^  two  years  imp^iaonment  for  burglary.  He  was  pardoned 
on  the  2d  of  February,  1854.  The  reasons  which  induced  me  ^to 
issue  a  pardon  in  his  case  were,  his  youth  and  the  strong  evidence 
furnished  me  of  his  reftrmation,  his  eonduet  having  beetvekenipl*- 
ry  and  creditable  £o'him,'fl^ih  l3ie*ti«9F^' of  his 'escape  from  eoa^ 
finement  untH  hisr  rfetom  after  the  expiration  of  liis  sentettciB. :     - 

William  Flanagan  was  convicted  of  manslaughter  on  the  20th 
of'  Ma^by  1851,  aiKl'  sentMcod  to  five  yeaas'impriaonmA&t.  He 
was  paidoued  on  ibe  recommendiKtionr  of  'the  ooart  and*  jurf  who., 
tried  him,  the  snpe^riseirs  mid  a  large  iratnber  <tfl  pbtiUeneri^  aid*i 
edby.'the-POtj^dldrftiOQllJiiat  his  punishment  had  already,  under 
the  circumstances,  been  sufficient. 

David  Tischer  was  convicted  of  an  assault  with  intent  to  com- 
mit rape  and  sentenced  to  one  years  imprisonment  from  the  10th 
day  of  June,  1854.  He  was  pardoned  on  the  4th  day  of  Septem- 
ber, 1854,  upon  evidence  rendering  his  innocence  highly  probable 
and  the  recommendation  of  the  court 

Alexander  Howland  was  convicted  of  larceny  in  May,  1853, 
and  sentenced  to  one  year  and  ten  months  imprisonment.  He  was 
pardoned  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1854,  upon  evidence  of  his  youth 
and  reiormation,  the  petition  for  his  pardon  being  signed  by  very- 
many  respectable  citizens,  and  satisfactory  proof  adduced  of  his 
having  been  led  astray  by  older  offenders. 

Caroline  Malangro  and  Abraham  Malangro  were  convicted  of 
incest,  in  February,  1854,  and  were  sentenced  to  one  year  and  six 
months  imprisonment.  They  were  pardoned  July  4th,  1854,  upon 
proof  eufficient  for  a  strong  presumption  of  their  innocence. 


Patriqk  Fi^igerald,  wa^  eonrlp^ji  on  the  5th  d^j  of  Oetobur, 
1853.  of  an.  assault  with  intent  to  commit  a  rape  and  sentenced  to 
one  jear'f  impri&^onn;^ent.  He  .was  pa|*done(l  March  11th,  1854, 
npon  evidence  forniahed  of  ii^^anitj  when  the  crime  was  commit- 
ted. 

Jacob  Jacobi  was  sentenced  to  one  jeers  ip^ps^soiiqwd;  '9a  tl^ 
18th  daj  of  April,  181)8,  for  aq  assault  with  intent  to  kill,  and  waa 
pardoned  on  the,  18th  day  of  February,  1854,  upon  petttion  and 
evidence  to  justify  belief  of  a  sufficiency  of  punishment  to  an- 
swer  aU  the  ends  of  justice. 

Edward  Doom  wwi  qoayifciked  of  .fioiirgeigr  ju^d.senfidoce^.toQae. 
yesjr  and  ten  di^a  imprisoa9^iit|.|rom  the  5th  d^r  of  JCaj,..I858.. 
He  was  {Mfdoned  Hwc^  15tbt  185^  for  thu  game  rpwons  as  |ait 
abpve  stated. 

Ohristiaa  Eidmaon:  waa  conrleted  of  anon^  Ootpber  ^th,  1850, 
and.  aentancod  to  six  montha  impriaonmenb.  He  waa  pardoned 
Febniaiy  ISthy  1§S4^  for  theMme  reaaons.last  ikbove  stuteid. 

WIC.  A.  BAB8T0W. 


REPORT 


OF 


mm  SELECT  COMMITTEE, 

APPOINTED  TO  VISIT  STATE  PRISON, 


CWHSISTIKO  OF 


MESSES.  BOWEN  AKD  CLEMENT, 


ON  THE  PART  OB'  TUB  SENATE,  AND 


MESSRS.    PIRKER,  CARY  AND  (ARNS, 


ON  THB  PABT  OF  THE  ASSEMBLY. 


1000  COPIES  ORDERED  PRINTED. 


MADISON: 
BERIAH  BROWN,  STATE  PRINTER, 

1866. 


EEPOET. 


The  joint  committee  of  tke  senate  and  assembly,  appointed  t^ 
visit  and  examine  into  the  affairs  of  the  State  Prison,  and  also  to 
enquire  into  and  report  the  discipline  of  said  prison,  bj  the 
Commissioner  thereof,  respectfuUjr 

EEPOET: 

Ihat  they  have  yisited  the  prison  and  made  an  examination  ot 
ita  a^airs. 

The  following  is  the  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  south  wing  6t 
tiie  State  Prison,  based  on  the  estimates  of  tl^e  various  contractors 
bniiding the  same: 

Whole  auiouDt  of  credit  to  Andrew  Proudfit,  on  his  eaiimatee^    $103,565  1S 
Due  convict*  for  over-work  qu  Proudfit's  estimates,  4,137  8? 

i^ggregate  amount  due  Proudfit,  on  estimates,  79,039  SO 

Which  includes  the  20  per  cent,  held  back  as  per  contract,  15,727  80 

Amount  of  debit  on  prison  books,  as  charged  to  Proudfit,  and  de- 
ducted from  20  per  cent,  607  51 
Amount  of  the  20  percent,  certificates  as  due  Proudfit,  after  de- 
ducting the  amount  charged  on  book,                                           15,120  88 
From  the  aggregate  amount  deduct  amount  charged  Proudfit 
for  materials  furnished  by  the  State,  as  per  contract,                      10,000  00 
Which  leaves  total  amount  due,                                                        69,039  60 
Of  which  has  been  paid  in  money  and  drafts  on  the  Treasury,        S4,143  59 
Leaving  now  due  Andrew  Proudfit,  on  his  contract  for  building 

the  south  wing  of  the  State  Prison,  44,896.  01 

To  this  should  be  added  the  sum  of  8257  84,  which  was  not  es- 
timated by  the  Commissioner,  as  there  was  a  question  in  his  mind 
aboat  allowing  the  same.  The  amount  is  for  lead  furnished  by 
the  contraclor,  lender  the  direction  of  the  Commissioner,  ll^r  the 


parpofie  of  fastening  door  hinges,  <kc.  in  the  work,  instead  of 
ueing  stucco.  Also  for  one  door,  and  three  gross  screws,  16  3-4 
cords  of  rough  stone,  and  some  team  work.  Your  oommittee 
have  thought  it  a  proper  charge  to  be  made  against  the  State, 
and  credited  to  Mr.  Proudfit  They  have  also  thought  proper 
to  reject  Mr.  Proudfit's  charge  i^d.  cU^^  of  t565  10  tor  Su- 
perintendent of  the  stone  sho|.    ^d^  the  above  amount. 

Makes  now  due  from  the  State  to  ^r.  t'rou<}Bt,  the  sum  of 

Whole  amount  of  credit  to  J.  S.  Sherwood,  who  had  the  contract 
for  furnishing  iron, 

Aggregate  amount  his  due^ 
This  amount  has  all  been  paid  by  a^Nr^riation  this  winter. 

Whole  amount  of  credit  to  John  Taylor,  on  his  estimates, 

Amount  due  convicts  for  overwork  on  Taylor's  contract, 

Aggregate  amount  due  Taylor, 

Of  this  amount  there  is  a  bill  now  pending,  appropriating  to  as- 
^8%Rfie8»>af,a(>m«of  Taylor^ eitinuUei, the  sumof  ) 

Which  leaves  df^Q  "ta^o;  ou  his  estimates  t|ie  sum  o^   ,     . 

Of  which  he  has  received, 

Which  itov^  no^  due  Mr. Taylor  on  his^estitnates,  ■ 

Whole  amount  of  credit  to  J.  Ackermatt^jwbohpid  the  oootmet  J»c 
fitting  iron. 

Amount  due  convicts  for  overwork,'  '  -  • 

Aggregate  amount  now  djue  ^ckerman,         ...  ^   , 

whole  credit  of  J.  K.  Smith',  for  lumber,  on  his  estimates, 

Aggregate  amount  now  due, 

Of  which  ther^  has  been  paid,    ,     l^  '\  . 

Leaving  now  due  to  said  ^naith,  ,  >■    .      . 

Whole  amouW  of  credit  tfVtrh.  lleiti1iard,'for  carpeiter  and  join- 
er work,  S;084  M 

And  due  cpuvicts  due  for  over  worV,  204  99 

Aggregate  am'OTint  due  Reinhard,  1,734  66 

Totdl  amount  of  credits  on  estimates  of  the  sevferal  coiitractbrs, '      122,858  5^ 

Uotal  amount  due  convicts  for  oteiwork,  and  chargeable  to  the 

State,    •  '  '      \'/     '    '  ^MO  52 

jQtal  amount  of  State  liability' [so  itir  as  estimated)  up  to  1st  of 

January,  *55^  including  overwork  for  convicts,  00,678  67 

Total  amount  bf  State  liabilities  now  outstanding,  for  Vhl<5h  there 
has  been  no  appropriations,  as  follows : 
Andrew  Prondfit,  ' 

'  John  Taylor, 
John  Ackerraan,, 
J.  K.  Smith,' 
Wm.  Reinhard, 

Ihie  convicts  for  over  wor^c,  . 

Total  liability  at  this  time,  ' 

From  this  ?lmount  should  be  deducted  the  sum  of  |2,tl7  06, 

which  haa  been  drawn  by  the  Commissioner  for  the  convicts,  the 

sum  being  a  part  of  the  amount  due  the  convicts  for  ovet  work. 


267  84 

45,153  8S 

8,295  21 

8,295  21 

4,006  17 

183  18 

3,671  49 

.  2,618  42 

1,053  01 

.    842  47 

210  60 

2,369  17 

464  98 

1,052  04 

1,887  31 

1,687  81 

776  60 

910  71 

46,153  85 

210 

60 

1,052 

04 

910 

11 

1,734 

66 

4,940 

52 

54,002 

38 

r" 


This  wmmi  M^g  dedaeU^t .  lei^rfs  the  total  amwfA  tf  W^W^J 

on  coDtc»ct%  ag^ii^t  tbd  State  at  tbiii  da^  for  ythiek  Wff prif* 

tions  fihoald  be  made,  the  Bum  of  $51,805  30. 

Amount  of  oomat  )abar  dm*  for  the  SUte,  I  .  Mi5  6ft 

Amount  due  convicts  fbr  overwork,  4,M0  0f 

Total  amount  oflha  eonftct  hiborMlel  to  ooatnuUiW  ft|89ft  It 

Otdi  received  from  State  Tm^tff  dirtagihe  jm  lJfi4,  i   :.     •iT^Sft  ift 
Caehyeeeived  for  work  in  the  Prison  shops  daring  the  year  1844,        608  11 

.   Total  amount  of  cash  received,  .  18,494  9t 

Of  this  amount  we  find  there  was  disbursed  in  payment  o^  de)>tfl 
contnKted  by  and  tmder  Oommisaioner  Btx>Wn,  ^nith^  yeair 
1853,  '=-  -•'..        \ffmtt 

Which  left  of  the  monev  rec^ved  of  the  State  Treasury,  to  be 

expended  fof  the  tmrAnt  expenses  of  the  year,  fi,9tT  Oi 

Amount  received  from  the  Prison  shops  added,  608  11 

Total  amount  on  hand  at  any  time  for  the  expenses,  of  ih^  y^r,     9,785  80 

Wa  find  that  the  amount  of  money  coming  into  the  hand5  of  the 
Comcataioner  from  all  sources,  as  above,  has  been  properly 
ei|)#nded  in  vtetiog  ttie  VMUSmidL  the  prisoft  ftr  .tbe^yciNa 
1853  and  1854,  for  which  proper  vouchers  have  been  exhi- 
bited to  the  committee,  18,494  97 
Amount  of  P«is<»i  jutdabiaAoese  «t  iOr  »lat  of  J>ea;  Id54» , .  il«426  9» 
The  Commissioner  received  in  the  month  of  January,  1855,  an  ap* 

proprHitipnofl854,  4,500  00 

iearing  a  balance  of  iTi(febtedlielisunprov!Weii  for,  c)f  '  *'"        '"    1^,926*  9» 
Prom  which  should  be  deducted  HoweU/<S^  C^lftoa^tftilKtf'  M9  •>#• 


r^-fH- 


LeaviDjja  balai^ce  of  .    '    .  i ; ,  ^^aV^  *? 

The^Iosfl&gim!4n  :eitimirteidf  the  w^i^  4ops  Ji^die  rarms  ^«isQ»i  ahapa 

during  the  year  1854,  aside  from  such  work  as  was  done  for  the  prison  andjj^ 
use  of  the  prisoners  :  .  ,  ^    ■„..•..     . 

In  the  carpenter  shop,  11,075  70 

«      tin  «  '      '  .  208  12 

«      shoe  «  ,    .  "       .'491  49 

^      paint  «  •     "'•    '        '         •    ^      'l41  71 

«      blacksmith  <"  1,081  8i 

^      Btone  "'  3,25^  8a 

:.•!/••'      —r^ — 


Artides  an/haftS  a$  ^ihd  time  tkdpndcn  ddfi  idos  ddlcu^ted^  JD^ 
cember  ST,  185*,  tke'dost  of  H^iehwa^incltcded'in  tfi^debt. 

8lone«QlRl  8106  28,  block  stone  .91435  81^  \aAt  l»^  prism    '. 
^-  ^\AfE^%%  00,  ;     .  .   .:|^2,041  59 

flT*iM>ws  $150,  stoves  aad^joipQ  410*  tma«n«t6ck  and  tin  fiO^    ji  i   .  610  00 
Cloth,  olothing' and  new  bedding  300,  provisions  350,  650  00 

IiMKtki^  0fao6%aduigA«n)l  iliDeB.9150,  woody  iamber  adEL  (m^^ 
■  terwork  125,  .        '   v  276  00 

Oil  and  lamps  140  50,  account  books  and  books  for  library  117,  266  50 

Book  ease  t>r  library  20,:caklK>BJBetlid'IO,faQga')8r,    .    <    >  '6&  00 

{ I   " .,         f ' ■  •.     -.:.! «  .  •  u      '. ,   •.     '  '  ?  ,  K  fi  'i*' I   — 't  '■■ 

.  $3,038  09 

"^ Permanent  improvements  made  during  the  year . 

New  building  for  iib9ps  $l,6pOt.wor]i;  on  Mono  ^hop  50,      '  $1,050  00 
Addijye»  find  w5rk  on  blacksmith  shop,  and  new  rorges,  chim- 
neys, &C.,    .         ,  .  •    200  W> 
Pfitelioiise  200,  repairing  prison,  .<bc  200,  behohes  fdt  shop  40,  440  00 

.  1      _  "    $1,690  00 

WorkUflljqp^       ,  ,  6,231  69 

Articles  on  hand,  3,938  09 

i         $11,869  78 
Amount  raised  on  fiurm  and  not  inbhided  in  aboTe,  about         450  00 


$12,309  78 
Amount  ofoiitBtandnigaoooaiIti  for  frofl[^oolleetable,aboiit         150  00 

•        '  $12,469  78 

Shis  anount  of  $12,459  78,  is  of  course  a  legitiiaate.oSiet  to  so  much  of 

Ae  outent  indebtedneaH  of  ihe  past  year. 
In  this  oQfnnection  it  may  not  be  improper  to  state,  that  the  expense  of  car- 

lying  on  the  prison,  to  the  State,  during  the  past  year,  with  twenty-five  more 

•ontict^  and  pvomons  higher,  has  been  but  IMle  more  than  the  pinoeeding 

year.      ' 

The  probable  cost  of  completing  said  south  wing  of  the  prison,  will  be 

For  the  iron,  $2,000 

For  preparing  it,  1,100 

,  For  plamng  it  in  the  work,  1,40$ 

Total  $4,500 

-    In  justice  to  Mr.  Prondfit,  the  contractor,  it  is  but  proper  to  say 
that  he  has  been  readj  for  more  than  two  months  past  to  complete 


his  part  of  the  job,  had  he  been  furniBhed  by  other  contractors 
with  the  material  fitted  and  ready  to  be  placed  in  the  proper  spot; 
but  by  reason  of  a  failure  to  have  the  upper  cells  done  and  railing 
made,  Ifr.  Proudfit  has  been  unable  to  finish  all  the  nrisori  cells, 
but 'stands  ready  to  do  so  as  soon  as  the  materials  are  prepared. 

"We  would  therefore  recon^mend  that  some  provision  be  made 
by  wtich  Mr.  Proudfit  may  be  enabled  to  draw  the  money  for  tlie 
balance  of  his  job  when  it  shall  be  done,  and  estimates  furnished 
by  the  committee,  without  being  compelled  to  wait  fhe  meeting  of 
another  legislature.  ^  .    , 

Judging  from 'the  past  year,  the  expense^' of  the  present  year 
will  undoubtedly"  amount  to  about  $13,000 ;  although  the  actual 
cost  of  supporting  the  prisoners  and  prison  establishment,  over  and 
above  the  earnings  of  flie  prison',  was  for  the  past  year  less  than 
$5,000. 

As  the  law  now  stands,  the  commissioner  has  no  right  to  pur- 
chase a  single  article  for  the  prison  without  first  advertising  for 
proposals,  and  proonre  the  artieles  desired,  on  edntraot,  when,  as 
a  general  rule,  the  contraotor  knows  that  there  ia  no  mooey  in  the 
hands  of  the  Commissioner  or  the  Treasury  with  which  to  pay,  and 
consequently  the  contractor  adds  20  to  80  per  cent  to  his  articles, 
to  cQver  this  contingency.  If  the  funds  necessary  for  defraying 
the  expenses  of  the  prison  could  be  kept  on  hand,  in  order  that 
the  pommissioner  might  be  able  to  fulfil  any  condition  of  contract 
entejred  into  on  the  part  of  the  State,  and  also  to  pijocure  aiicii  oth- 
er  artidfes  as  are  indispensable,  it  would,  in  the  opinion  of  your 
oomqiittee,  be  a  great  saving  to  the  State. 

In-  the  event  of  their  being  no  money  in  the  treasury,  that  part 
of  the  law  which  requires  the  Commissioner  to  advertise  for  pro- 
posals, and  let  the  contract  for  supplying  the  prison  to  th^  lowest 
bidder,  under  all  circumstances,  should  be  repealed,  for  it  is  almost 
impo^ble  to  get  along  and  not  violate  the  present  law  under  pres- 
ent circumstances,  or  at  all  events  not  to  avoid  paying  the  most 
ruinous  prices  for  every  article  purchased. 

Tour  committee  can  see  the  necessity  of  proceeding  at  once  to 
the  erection  of  the  main  building  of  the  Prison.    The  offices, 


3 

gnard-rooms^  chapel,  hospital,  and  cook-room  should  be  in  imme- 
diate commnnication  with  the  building  occupied  bj  the  prisonerB. 
As  it  now  is,  these  departments  are  m  the  old  building,  seyenU. 
rods  from  the  new  one.  The  food  now,  in  all  weather,  has  to  be 
carried  by  hand  from  the  old  cook-room  to  the  prison  cells,  wher^ 
the  convicts  eat  their  meals.  Notwithstanding  all  these  inconve- 
niences, your  committee  do  not,  in  the  present  financial  conditio^ 
of  our  State,  feel  warranted  to  imperatively  recommend  the  cou- 
Btruction  of  the  main  building.  Should,  however,  the  legislature 
think  it  best  to  proceed  immediately  to  the  erection  of  said  main 
building,  we  would,  by  all  means,  recommend  tliat  the  same  be 
erected  by  convict  labor,  under  the  direction  of  practical  mecluui-  ^ 
ics,  as  overseers  in  the  various  departments  of  mechanical  labor, 
and  the  law  should  be  so  amended  as  to  allow  the  Commissioner 
to  engage  the  services  of  such  menl 

For  the  information  of  the  legislature,  your  committee  herewith 
submit  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  such  main  building,  as  follows : 

,  EMmate  of  ooet  of  Maim,  BuUding  of  the  JTew  Priam^ 

lidDgth,60  feet ;  width,  52  feet;  3  stories  high,  from  surface  of  the  groaid-^ 
bassment  story  bdow. 

97  cords  of  cat  stone, — ^including  laying,  $60,                      $5,820 
186  cords  rough  do            «            ••  l,Sld 
Lading  rough  stoue  and  briek,  %H%^ 
800,000  bricks,  1,500     . . 
Lathing  and  plastering, — including  lath,  1,730 
Lime,  *-*l,  100  barrds^  891^    ' 
4Q,O00  busbela  sand,  6d,    ,  2»600  :  . 
Carpenter  work  and  building  roof,  as  on  south  wing,  in- 
cluding material,  4,500 
.   ^    0Ub^  paint,  mdla,  locks,  door  hangs^  and  hanging  the  doon^      800' . 
Iron  and  iron  work,  1,600     .^ 
Painting  and  glazing,                                                                 700 

Kxcav'ation  for  foundation,  complete,  'l,2d0  ' 

125,460 

To  this  amount  should  be  added  20,000  feet  matched 

flooring,for  roofing  purposes  |362  SO 

2,017  lbs.  sheet  iron,  201  lit 

926,023  20 


9 

The  fence  which  now  enploees^the  prUon-yard  Ib  nothing  bnt  a 
high  board  fence,  and  afibrds  a  vexj  unsafe  and  insecure  protec- 
tion against  a  general  attempt  of  the  prisoners  to  escape.  There 
should  be  a  good  stone  wall,  at  least  24  feet  high,  erected,  with  a 
walk  fop  the  guard. pn  the  outside.  Tliis  wprk  could  be  done  by 
'  convict  labor ;  and  the  stone  for  thjs  wall,  as  well  as  the  main 
building,  ought  to  be  contracted  ibr  to  be  delivered  in  the  prison- 
yard  as  fast  as  the  convicts  can  dress  them,  to  be  ujBed  for  one  or 
both  of  the  above  named  purposes,  at  such  times  as  the  State  shall 
^^tli^ctthe  construction  of  the  ufain  building  of  the  prison,  of  wafi, 
^ther,  or  both. 

-  yoi;ir  committee  would  recommend  thi|t  the  mechanical  part  of 
Che  prison^  ^ticb  a^  the  sl^^bop^  tiA-ahopiOabinet-sbop,  &a.»  be 
Ut  out  to  contractors  by  the  day  or  week,  as  this,  in  the  opinion  of 

'your  committee,  will  be  cheaper  for  the  Stttte  than  to  purchase 
«tock  for  the  prisoners  to  wor£  up,  and  then  depend  uppn^up^cer- 

.tain  sales,  in  convpetittoii  wdtii^JciliEen  labor. 

Your  committee  would  further  say,  that  if^  thiB  present  system  of 
rewarding  convicts  for  their  labor  is  to  be  continued,  that  their  la- 
boir  should  be.BO  divided  between  the  State  and  themselves  as  that 
the  State  may  at  least  receive  the  benefit  of  two-thirds  of  their  la- 
bor. During  the  past  year,  some  of  the  convicts  have  earned  more 
for  themselves  than  the  State.  About  the  policy  of  continuing  this 
eystenKHibp^Id'tiie  etsdrgeney  ^Ise — your  comi^itteedo  not  agree, 
and  hence  they  make  ik)  reeotnmesi^tien. 

Some  time  during  the  summer,  the  commissioner  gave  hia  indi- 
vidual note  for  money  [$400]  to  procure  materials  to  go  on  with 
jthe  work  of  the  prison,  there  being  none  in  the  treasury. .  B^fpre 
jail  of  said  money  was  paid  out — and  within  a  few  days  after  Ae 
same  was  borrowed — the  banks  from  which  the  money  in  the  handa 
of  the  commissioner  was  issued,  became  discredited,  and  disco9nlB 
on  the  amount  then  in  the  commissioner's  hands  was  by  him  ne- 
cessarily made  to  the  amount  of  $15  00.  This  amount,  together 
with  the  interest  paid  by  the  commissioner  on  said  loan,  should  1^ 
refunded  to  him  by  the  State. 
S 


10 

Also  on  the  2d  day  of  June  last,  the  commissioner  received  a 
warrant  from  the  Governor  on  the  treasury  for  the  snm  of  $1,094  41 
on  account  of  the  estimates  for  oyer-^ork  by  ith^  convicts.  There 
being  no  money  in  the  treasury,  and  the  money  being  greatly 
needed,. the  commissioner  was  compelled  to  discount  the  warrant. 
The  amount  of  discount  paid  was  $94  41,  which  was  the  lowest 
he  could  make.  This  amount  should,  in  the  opinion  of  your  coin- 
.mittee,  be  refunded  to  the  commissoner. 

Amoimt  of  diflCQunt  ot  wmrant,    -      ,  ^   ^      4^4  41 

'  Amount  of  discount  on  money  borrowed^  15  00 

Amount  of  interest  on  the  $400,  -  10  OO 

Total  amount,                                            .               $119  41 
Whole  number  of  convicts  eonfiddd  in  the  Staters  Prison' since  th6  build- 
ing thereof  120 
Number  now  in  prisMiy.  X^ 
Kumber  discharged  during  the  year,  whose  term  of  imprisonment  has 

exmred,  2 

Kumber  pardoned  bv  the  Qaveinor,  during  the  past  j9m^  92 

.Number  pardoifed  this  year,  1 

We  here  remark  that  a  majority  of  those  prisoners  who  have 
been  discharged  by  the  pardoning  power  were  discharged  only  a 
day  or  two  before  the  expiration  of  their  sentence,  for  tlie  purpoae, 
as  your  committee  are  informed,  of  restoring  them  to  rights  of 
citizenship. 

Plaoes  of  NoitAwt}!  of  the  JPri^^oners  who  hct/v$  hem^  and  (nw 

KewYozk,  29 

Ohio,  7 

Pennsylvania,  6 

N9tr  Hampfibire,                                            '              .  1 

Yermount,  2 

Kentucky,  2 

Connecticut,  2 

Indiana,  1 

Maryland,  1 

Natives,  50 

Bom  on  the  Atlantic  Oceau,  1 

Canada,  1 

Wales,  a 


11 

England,  •  4 

Ireland,  .                            2i 

Oermanj  and  Germanic  States,  iocludiog  Prussia,  20 

Berao,  *  2 

Holltmd,  1 

Hungary,  1 

Norway,  t 

.   ,  Foreig»er%  W 

'  Yodr  eoaimittee  woidd  hiore  state  that  in  their  opinion,  the  sal- 
orj  of  the  chaplain  of  the  prison.  Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  is  notenflEfeienlL 
The  old  gentleman  has  served  in  the  capacity  of  chi4>lain  for  the 
prison  ever,  fiiik^ethe  priaon  was  butlt,  for  the  paltry  sozn  of  $100, 
,per  anninnw  We  would  recommend  that  his  salarj  be  raised  to 
the  sum  of  IdSO,  per  year. 

Your  committee  are  constrained  to  believe  that  the  moral  and 
TdKgioud  influence  which  has  been  brought  to  bear  upon  those 
^^nnfortnnate  persons,''  has  been  salutary,  and  may  be  lasting.*-^ 
^Whenever  the  prayer  of  the  pious,  or  the  eloquenee  of  the  orator, 
brings  to  the  eye  a  tear;  whether  that  tear  be  one  of  joy  pr  sor< 
row,  the  human  heart  is  made  better  thereby. 

Your  committee  are  led  to  believe  that  the  course  pursued  hj 
the  eommiBsiooer  in  relation  to  teaching  the  convicts  how  to  read 
aaid  wtite,  as  well  as  how  to  sing,  is  commendable,  and  your  com- 
mittee are  unwilling  to  make  anj  recommendation  changing  this 
ajstem,  as  the  convicts  seemed  cheerful,  well-disposed  and  desir- 
oas  of  learning. 

Indeed  your  eommittee  feel  that  the  present  commissioner  and 
his  assistants,  are  entitled  to  commendation  for  the  discipline  and 
good  prder  that  prevailed  amongst  the  prisoners,  especially  when 
it  is  known  that  during  the  past  summer,  citizens  and  convicts 
have  mingled  together,  invariably,  in  constructing  the  prison ;  and 
often  times  impossible  to  be  kept,  at  all  times,  under  the  immedi- 
ate eye  of  an  officer. 

There  is  contiguous  to  the  prison  yard,  fifteen  acres,  or  therea- 
bouts, enclosed  by  a  fence,  which  ought  to  be  cultivated  for  the 
benefit  of  the  prison.    Many  of  the  vegetables  used  in  the  prison 


12 

<^ould  be  raised  thereon ;  and  joar  committee  can  see  no  good 
reason  why  said  ground  could  not  be  cultivated  bj  such  canvicte 
as  are  very  young,  well-disposed,  or  whose  term  of  imprisonment 
has  nearly  expired,  under  the  charge  of  an  officer. 

In  relation  to  the  beauty,  durability,  and  work-manship  of  the 
prison  built  by  Mr.  Proudfit,  your  committee  would  unhesitatingly 
say,  that  it  is  unsurpassed  by  any  building  of  the  kind  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  and  equalled  by  few,  if  any.  It  does  honor  to  the  con* 
tractor,  and  bespeaks  for  its  architect,  a  thcvough  knoirledge  of 
ha  business. 

It  is  also  proper  for  your  committee  here  to  remark,  that  the 
prison  books  kept  by  the  clerk)  John  Lowth,.  Esq.,  hare  bem  kept 
in  an  excellent  manner,  and  your  committee  are  tinder  <^l%«tii»s 
to  Mr.  Lowth  for  his  courtesy  and  promptness  in  aiding  yonr  eom- 
mltteein  their  investigatiims. 

In  conclusion  of  this  branch  of  the  report,  your  eommittee  teA 
warranted  in  saying,  that  the  finances  of  the  prison  have  been 
managed  by  a  careful  and  honest  hand«  That  the  commissioDer 
is  entitled  to  much  commendation  for  his  faithful  guardianship, 
and  proper  application  of  the  funds  entrusted  to  his  care. 

Yonr  committee  have  also  had  under  consideration,  the  ehargea 
which  have  been  made  against  the  Oommissioners  of  the  State 
Prison,  and  have  spent  a  number  of  days  in  taking  testimony, 
pro  and  oon,  upon  the  subject,  «nd  from  the  examinnation  of  m 
large  number  of  witnesses,  they  have  nearly  100  pages  of  testK 
mony  in  manuscript,  which  is  herewith  returned  and  anbmitted. 
From  this  testimony,  your  committee  think  they  can  draw  conelo- 
eions  at  least  satisfactory  to  themselves. 

The  office  of  Commissioner  of  the  State  Prison,  is  a  situation 
calling  for  rare  and  peculiar  qualifications,  and  it  is  seldom  that 
these  are  found  united  in  one  individual.  To  great  firmness  and 
decision  of  character,  must  be  added  discretion,  a  love  of  justice 
in  a  great  degree,  and  a  knowledge  of  human  nature,  as  deep  and 
ramified  as  the  recesses  of  the  human  soul. 

.  The  object  of  punishment  is  said,  by  jurists,  casuists,  and  writers 


13 

upon  moral  and  political  scfionce,  to  be  three-fold  in  its  nature— 
the  reformation  of  the  transgressor— -the  protection  of  society — 
and  the  deterring  of  others  from  the  commission  of  crime,  by  the 
example  made.  So  important  are  the  interests  of  society,  and  so 
ftrmly  are  thejr  linked,  in  the  proper  administration  of  pnblic  pun- 
ishment, that  no  wonder  need  be  expressed  that  these  rare  charac- 
teristics are  so  seldom  fonnd  united  in  one  individual. 

The  committee  to  whom  the  trust  of  making  these  investigations 
have  been  confided,  take  pleasure  in  being  able  to  report,  that  the 
result  of  their  examinations  has  been  satisfactory  rather  than  oth-" 
erwise.  From  the  rumors  which  had  gained  a  sta^te-wide  curren- 
cy, they  were  led  to  fear  that  the  interests  of  the  Prison  and  tha 
State  might  in  some  measure  have  suffered  in  the  hands  of  the 
Commissioner,  and  with  this  view  as  well  as  in  accordance  with 
the  instructions  received  from  the  legislature,  they  determined  up- 
on a  full  investigation  of  the  matters  committed  to  them,  and  trust 
tliat  the  result  of  their  investigations  will  be  as  satisfactory  to  the 
legislature,  as  it  is  gratifying  to  themselves, 

'  From  personal  examination,  as  well  as  from  the  testimony  of 
witnesses  upon  the  stand,  your  committee  learned  that  the  health 
of  the  prisoners  during  the  past  year,  (a  year  of  more  than  ordin- 
ary sickness  and  fatality)  has  been  very  good,  that  few  of  the  con- 
victs have  sufiered  from  sickness,  and  that  none  have  been  released 
by  the  messenger  of  death.  The  care  which  the  Commissioner 
has  exercised  in  enforcing  rules  of  cleanliness,  both  with  regard 
to  the  cells  of  the  convicts,  and  the  prisoners  themselves,  as  well 
as  seeing  that  those  under  his  charge  were  at  all  times  supplied 
with  sweet  and  proper  food,  has  doubtless  contributed  to  this  re- 
sult, and  has  shown  that  the  interest  of  the  State,  in  a  proper  over-, 
sight  and  care  for  those  committed  to  his  charge,  has  not  been  at 
any  time  lost  sight  of  by  the  Commissioner.  Some  of  the  com- 
plaints, indeed,  which  came  before  the  committee,  may  have  had 
their  origin  from  the  extreme  carefulness  which  has  been  exercised 
by  the  Commissioner  over  the  health  of  the  convicts,  especially  in 
those  cases  where  he  has  allowed  the  convicts  tea  and  tobacco. 


14^ 

The  testimony,  howeyer,  on  this  point,  does  not  show  that  he  has 
ever  done  this,  except  upon  the  written  order  of  the  physician  of 
the  Prison.  Where  tea  has  been  allowed,  it  has  been  allowed  once . 
a  day,  in  quantities  of  three  gills  to  each  convict,  who  wished  it, 
without  sugar  or  milk.  In  regard  to  tobacco,  the  same  thing  can 
be  said ;  this  has  been  allowed,  as  the  evidence  shows,  on  the  or- 
der of  the  physician,  partly  for  the  health  of  the  convict,  and  part- 
ly as  a  reward  and  encouragement  to  good  behavior.  Tour  com- 
mittee would  suggest  that  the  practice  of  distributing  tobacco  as 
a  ndey  might  be  dispensed  with. 

As  far  as  the  occasional  practice,  during  the  past  summer,  of  al- 
lowing particular  convicts  to  go  out  of  the  prison  yard  out  of  sight  of 
the  prison  is  concerned,  your  committee  cannot  justify,  although  at- 
tended with  no  bad  results.  Tet  your  committee  are  convinced,  that 
although  the  commissioner  committed  an  error  in  so  doing,  that  it 
was  done  under  such  circumstances  and  with  such  motives  as  might 
be  pardoned  ;  and  if  corrected,  might  be,  without  evil  consequen- 
ces, overlooked.  And  your  committee  are  free  to  say,  and  the  ev- 
idence will  bear  them  out  in  so  saying,  that  this  practice  has  been 
entirely  discontinued  for  over  four  months,  and  is  not  permitted 
at  the  present  time. 

In  some  instances  of  this  kind  an  ofiBcer  attended  the  convict ; 
in  others  the  convict  was  in  sight,  and  within  reach  of  the  guns  of 
the  guard  on  the  wall.  Before  they  had  water  in  the  prison  yard, 
some  one  or  two  of  the  convicts  were  in  the  habit  of  going  some 
fifteen  rods  to  a  neighbor's  well  for  water,  for  cooking,  &c.,  and 
in  all  these  cases,  with  but  one  exception,  the  prisoners  were  those 
whose  term  of  service  had  nearly  expired,  or  for  whom  a  pardon 
was  daily  expected. 

Whether  imprudence,  necessity  or  fortuitous  circumstances,  in- 
duced the  commissioner  to  permit  these  convicts. to  go  out  of  the 
yard,  the  fact,  which  is  in  evidence,  that  not  an  escape  or  an  at- 
tempt at  an  escape,  has  been  made  during  the  year,  shows  that  the 
commissioner  has,  at  all  events,  been  cautious  whom  he  permitted 
to  go  outsMe  the  walls. 


15. 

With  re^rd  to  the  charge  agninst  the  Commissioner  of  allow-, 
ing  the  meetings  of  males  and  fenji^les  about  the  Prison,  jour  com- 
mittee are  well  satisfied  that  the  .matter  complained  of  has  been, 
unjustly  exaggerated,  and  that  thej  have  arisen  from  the  fact,  that 
husbands  who  are  convicts  have  been  allowed  to  see  their  wives 
about  an  hour  on  the  afternoon  of  Sundays,' and  in  every  instance 
in  the, presence  of  an  oflSqer  of  the  prison.  Tour  committee  have 
no  heart  to  condemn  a  practice  so  generous  and  humane ;  since  it 
is  not  only  dictated  by  sound  policy,  and  justified  by  the  practice 
of  all  such  institutions  in  every  State  of  the  Union,  but  are  fully 
convinced  of  its  salutary  influence  upon  the  mind  and  character 
of  the  convict.  They  are  satisfied  that  if  the  devotion  of  a  wife 
and  mother  will  lead  her  to  take  up  her  residence  near  the  gloomy 
walls  which  shut  her  husband  frsm  her  sight,  for  the  purpose  of 
fleeing  him  an  hour  in  a  week,  that  no  harm  can  result  from  the 
effects  of  such  an  interview. 

A  great  deal  has  also  been  said  about  the  celebration  of  the  4th 
of  July,  by  the  convicts.  The  committee  learned  from  the  testi- 
mony, that  the  conclusion  of  the  Commissioner  to  allow  the  pris- 
oners this  holiday,  was  determined  upon  after  a  ftill  consultation 
with  all  his  officers.  He  thought  best  to  grant  this  fevor,  not  only 
as  a  sort  of  an  oasis  in  the  deserMife  of  the  outcast  convict,  but 
also  as  a  meaBs  of  advabdng  his  highest  good. 

This  celebration,  we  are  informed,  was  attended  by  the  pastors 
of  the  churches  and  many  of  the  best  citizens  of  both  sexes  in  the 
Tillage  of  WanpUQ ;  and  the  words  of  warning  and  instruction,  as 
they  fell  from  the  lips  of  the  speaker,  mingled  with  the  joyous  ex. 
nltation  of  the  occasion  and  the  day,  softened  many  a  heart — if  the 
falling  tear  is  any  evidence  of  human  contrition,  or  sorrowing 
grief, — ^yet,  your  committee  cannot  say  that  this  is  a  prudent  or 
proper  pastime  for  convicts,  under  all,  and  perhaps  not  under  any, 
circumstances. 

The  order  and  discipline  in  which  your  committee  found  the 
priaon,  agreeing  with  the  concurrent  evidence  upon  this  point, 
satisfied  them — all  the  circumstances  taken  into  account — the  dif- 


ferent  kinds  of  work  carried  on — the  constant  contact  of  convicts 
with  citizen  laborers,  occasioned  by  the  prosecution  of  the  work  of 
building  the  new  prison — ^that  the  success  of  the  commissioner 
upon  this  point  was  worthy  of  no  small  commendation.  It  is  pro- 
bable that  in  some  instances  greater  severity  of  punishment  might 
have  been  called  for,  yet  under  no  circumstances  could  they  have 
hoped  to  have  found  the  discipline  better  administered,  and  the 
convicts  better  behaved. 

Th«  expression  of  onr  just  sentiments  compel  us  to  say  thus  much 
with  regard  to  the  course  of  the  Commissioner,  and  to  recommend 
hiji  administration  of  affairs  at  the  State  Prison^  at  the  present  time, 
and  to  admit  that  if  he  has  erred  (and  who  ha^  not)  it  has  been 
Buch  an  error  as  the  good  and  the, humane  among  men  can  forgive 
without  sacrifice^  and  forget  without  a  tear.  The  committee,  en- 
tirely convinced  of  the  honesty  and  devotion  of  the  Commissioner 
to  his  work,  can  only  regret  that  circumstances  of  this  kind  have 
arisen,  to  mar  the  feelings  and  disturl^  the  quietude  of  any  one, 
and  with  no  feelings  of  our  own,  but  the  love  of  truth  and  honest 
dealing  to  gr.atify,  we  mu8t,bear  unwiimous  testimony  to  the  Com- 
missioner's int(3grity,  justice  and  humanity. 

All  of  which  is  reapectfully  submitted. 

E.  B,  BOWEN,  Ch'n. 
CHAS.  CLEJklENT. 

Senate ,  Committee* 

GEO.  W.  PARKEE,  Ch'n., 
L.  H.  CART, 
C.  P.  BARNS. 

Assembly  Conunittee. 


MAJORITY  AND  MINORITY  REPORTS 


OF  THB 


COMMIHEE  m  RAILROADS, 

REPORTED  TO  THE  ASSEMBLY,  MARCH  29, 1865. 


250  OOFIBB  OBDEBED  PBIKTBD. 


MAJORITY    REPORT. 


Your  committee,  to  whom  was  referred  the  petition  of  the 
Qreen  Btij  and  Minnesota  railroad  company,  and  the  minority  re- 
port of  the  railroad  committee  on  the  same  subject,  beg  leave  to 
submit  the  folIowin$r  report : 

Concedbg  the  ability  with  which  the  views  are  presented,  we 
cannot  concur  in  their  conclusion.  Upon  the  general  subject  of 
grants  to  corporations  much  may  be  said,  both  in  favor  and 
against.  It  is  an  unsettled  problem  in  our  national  policy,  in 
which  nct:on  on  either  side  has  not  been  dictated  as  by  a  settled 
principle,  but  aocording  to  the  merits  of  each  particular  applica- 
tion. And  we  are  inclined  to  think  thvt  it  is  more  a  question  of 
expediency  than  of  principle.  The  condition  of  the  government 
IB  not  different  from  that  of  any  land  holder.  If  access  is  sodiffi- 
cnlt  to  portions  of  the  estate,  as  to  destroy  the  sale  of  the  lands, 
it  is  a  wise  act  to  open  communication  and  create  a  market  for  it 
If  access  is  not  diflBcult,  and  the  benefit  of  facilitating  communi- 
cation is  not  likely  to  be  commensurate  to  the  expense,  or  rather 
of  the  ctDs  of  favoritism,  monopoly  and  partiality  growing  out  of 
it,  the  policy  of  undertaking  it  is  a  poor  one.  This  we  conceive 
to  be  the  simple  test  of  the  propriety  or  impropriety  of  land  grants 
to  public  improvements.  The  example  of  the  Illinois  railroad 
grant  adduced  by  the  minority  of  the  railroad  committee,  is  not 
a  fair  one,  and  in  no  ^ay  applies  to  our  state. 

The  general  government  held  in  that  state  vast  tracts  of  land, 
bundred  of  miles  from  any  feasible  moans  of  communication* 


They  lay  unsettled  for  years,  because  they  afforded  no  indacement 
to  settlers.  Markets  were  at  an  inacc^sible  distance.  Ave- 
nnes  of  travel  to  and  from  them  did  not  exist.  The  man  who 
might  occnpy  tham^fntiBt  necei^ai'illr  ))e  hi  exile  from  society, 
could  sell  nothing  that  he  produced,  and  buy  nothiitg  that  he 
wanted.  The  rich  fertility  of  the  lands  added  nothing  to  their 
value,  for  their  productions  were  worthless,  being  so  far  from  the 
lines  of  trade  and  depots  of  convenience,  that  conveyance  thither 
would  cost  more  than  their  full  market  price.  Unless  these  diffi- 
culties were  obviated,  the  lands  would  be  forever  valueless.  .Set- 
tlement would  seek  the  vicinity  of  navigable  waters,  and  would 
never  penetrate  the  vast  prairies  of  the  interior.  To  remove  the 
obstacles  by  opening  a  means  of  communication  through  the  heart 
of  the  territory,  which  needed  but  that  to  render  them  valuable, 
was  an  act,  the  policy  of  which  was  never  doubted.  But  our  state 
is  differently  situated.  !ITaturc  has  been  to  us  more  kind.  It  has 
lined  our  border  with  navigable  lakes  or  rivers,  and  watered  the 
interior  with  streams  capable  of  floating  a  splendid  commerce. 
No  part  of  our  state  is  a  day  or  two's  travel  from  the  best  mar- 
kets. It  has  settled  with  unparalleled  rapidity  without  these  aids, 
which  we  consider  sufficient  evidence  that  it  does  not  want  thenh 

The  particular  subject  upon  whic-h  this  report  is  called  forth,  is 
a  proposition  granting  pre-emption  for  the  Green  Bay  and  Mis- 
sissippi railroad  to  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  lyinc:  within 
six  miles  on  either  side  of  it  The  amount  thus  asked  by  the  company 
is  estimated  in  the  report  of  the  minority  of  the  railroad  committee 
at  73,677  acres,  or  946  to  the  mile.  The  right  of  pre-emption  whach 
ihey  ask,  is  one  to  be  gained  by  no  act  of  the  company^  but  ia  a 
poflitive  gift  of  land.  It  amounts  merely  to  a  reservation  froox 
sale  of  the  lands  .  till  the  company  build  their  railroad  to 
them,  when  they  propose  to  buy  and  pay  for.  them.  The  gz«nt 
asked  is  a  novel  one,  having  no  precedent  that  we  are  aware  of  in 
the  action  of  the  general  government,  or  of  any  atate.  The  effects 
of  it  would  not  be  to  assist  the  construction  of  the  road  to  them, 
as  none  in  any  township  are  proposed  to  be  sold  to  the  companj^ 


till  the  roads  rnns  through  it.  If  the  grant  were  intended  to  aa^ 
BiHt  t^e  road  bj  allowing  the  company  to  sell^tfie  Tands  for  ibonej/ 
to  b'6  used  hi  its  constroctloa,  8tich  aBdistanoe  conld  be  bnt  miall|  ^ 
as  the  amonnt  of  946  acres  to  a  mile,  would  hardlj^  tinder  the: 
niosfrftivorable  circnmstances  aflfbrd  to  tho  company  over  a  twen** 
tietb  ^art  of  the  means  to  bnild  and  equip  it,  while  the  benefit  of ' 
BtiGh^a  grant  would  be  bnl  small y  tiie  neeessaiy  and  attendant  * 
eriie  woitld  not  be  diminished.  It  woiild  leave  large  traets  of  mi'*' 
B6ld  lands  in  the  midst  of  a  country  which  will  probably  havs^  i 
bbiBii  geneniliy  settled  previous  to  the  completion  of  the  roady^ 
aid  the'flnell  acquisition  by  the  company  of  its  title  toili^y' 
They -w ill  thus  have  been  rendered  valnable^  not  by  the  oompje^ .' 
tififn  of  the  road,  but  by  the  natural  and  progressive  settlenronti 
of  ^fhat  ;^t  of  the  state,  which  the  finishing  of  the  road  haA  niMi^ 
advanced,  and  its  delay  would  not  have  retarded.  The«e  tracts  of* 
lalid  will  then  become  the  property  of  the  company,  not  for  sato^ 
to  procure  the  means  of  building  the  road,  bat  as  am  itiv^atnieM' 
for  speculation  by  a  monopoly,  Which  may  or  will  wait  tilt  Aiey^ 
WecoWfe  vastly  valliable  before  opening  them  to  a  setlftemefnt  W^e' 
c&nnot  consider  the  action  proposed^  tis 'suggested  4>y  ^ood  pdlicjr' 
A  company  of  individuals  have  no  rights  Bfnitt  a  sing^  umM«  ' 
viduai;^     •         '        ^^  i'   ■ 

No  association  of  men  are  likely  to  build  a  railroad  merely  for 
the  public  good.  If  they  undertake  one,  it  is  for  the  purpose  of 
reaping  the  proceeds  of  a  profitable  investment.  It  is  the  same  aa 
any  other  business  scheme — a  project  of  enlarged  and  enlightened 
aelfishness.  It  may  result  in  public  good  ;  but  that  is  an  inciden- 
tal not  a  main  object.  It  is  a  necessary  not  a  desired  effect  If 
the  Green  Bay  and  Mississippi  railroad  is  to  be  built,  it  will  b& 
built  as  quickly  without  this  aid  as  it  will  be  with  it,  and  all  ther 
public  good  will  be  enjoyed  by  the  public  with  none  of  the  evils 
which  inevitably  result  from  a  grant  <>f  the  nature  asked.  Your 
committee  cannot  avoid  expressing  their  regret  that  the  session 
has  been  permitted  to  draw  so  near  to  its  close  with  no  action  be* 
yond  pre-emption  bill  for  the  disposal  of  the  swamp  lands.    Kow 


6 

ifl  fche  time  if  erer  that  the  state  needs  the  use  of  the  fand  to  be 
realised  from  tbem.  At  the  last  and  present  session  of  the  legis- 
latare  nearlj  or  quite  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  ha^e  been, 
appropriated  for  erecting  the  building  and  supporting  the  inmates 
of  our  state  prison  and  benevolent  institutions.  To  a  people  oyer* 
burdened  by  enormous  taxes,  the  means  of  relief  from  the  pay- 
ment of  this  vast  sum  would  have  been  acceptable  indeed.  The 
bill  reported  by  the  special  committee  on  the  subject  of  the  swamp 
lands,  though  not  now  a  proper  subject  of  discussion,  would,  yoa 
will  permit  us  to  say,  have  provided  these  means.  The  fund  ari* 
sing  from  the  sale  of  these  lands  will  not  increase  by  delay.  They 
are  not  growing  more  valuable  with  time,  but  are  daily  losing 
their  timber,  which  constitutes  the  chief  value  of  many  exteaaive 
tracts.  We  believe  that  the  sole  reason  for  postponing  action, 
was  not  because  the  necessity  for  action  was  not  felt  and  known, 
bat  because  fears  existed  that  the  particular  disposition  of  the 
grant  adopted  might  not  prove  acceptable  to  the  people,  who,  we 
believe,  would  have  been  better  satisfied  with  any  coarse  which 
might  have  been  adopted  than  with  longer  and  causeless  delay  ia 
disposing  of  the  subjeet. 

WALTER  D.  MoINDOE,  Oh V 


MINORITY    REPORT. 


The,  undersigned  member  of  the  committee  on  rail  roadf ,  to 
*which  was  referred  the  petition  of  the  Green  Baj  and  Minnesota 
railroad  company,  not  concurring  in  the  conclosions  to  which  a 
majoritj  of  the  committee  has  arrived,  begs  leaye  to .  submit  his 
▼lews  npon  the  subject,  in  a  memorial. 

EEPORT: 

The  act  of  congress,  of  Sep.  28, 1850,  grants  to  this  state  the 
fliramp  and  overflowed  lands,  to  enable  the  state  to  constmct  the 
necessary  levees  and  drains  to  reclaim  them. 

The  constitution  of  the  state  provides  that  whenever  graats  of 
Imxkd  shall  have  been  made  to  the  state,  especially  dedicated  ta 
particalar  works  of  internal  improvements,  the  state  may  carry  on 
such  particular  work,  and  shall  devote  thereto  the  avails  of  such 
frraots;  otherwisOi  the  state  cannot  be  a  party  in  the  carrying  on 
such  works. 

The  first  question  presented  for  consideration,  is  the  object  of 

the  grant  in  this  particalar  instance,  and  the  next,  what  duty  the 

coDStitiition  impoeeanpon  the  legislature  in  relation  to  this  subject 

The  law  of  congress  saj^s,  ^^  to  enable  ihe  state  to  construct  the 

necessary  leveu  and  drudns  to  reclaim  them,  the  whole  of  these 

lan^a  are  granted.    These  two  modes  of  improvement,  by  erecting  a 

iMM^rier  to  prevent  the  overflow,  or  by  the  excavation,  of  canals  or 

cUtehes  to  draw  off  the  surplus  water,  are  specially  pointed  out  by 

the  act    The  present  able  oommissioner  of  the  general  land  d^ 


M  I 


8 

fice^  who  was  charged  with  the  investigatioii  of  this  sabject,  and 
whose  report  was  the  foundation  of  the  subsequent  action  of  con- 
gres8|  making  the  grant  now  nnder  consideration,  recommended 
a  plan  of  recteiming  laildci  for  the  Tower  Vfsli^s^pf,  wMch  to  a 
certain  extent,  would  well  applj,  and  with  beneficial  results,  to 
the  Wolf,  Fox,  Wisconsin,  and,  it  is  believed,  some  other  rivers  in 
this  state. 

His  first  suggestion  was  to  make  snch  improvements  in  the  bed 
of  the  river  by  straightening  and  deepening  the  channels,  as  will 
enable  it  to  discharge  the  greatest  quantity  of  water  in  the  least 
tinae.  The  next  is  by  the  construction  of  levees  to  be  used  as 
ro^ds,  and  Ihelast,  by  cutting  trenches  or  canals. through  the  low- 
est part  of  swandpSj  and  thus  afford  abundant  channels  to  carry  off 
tne  surplus  water.  These  latter  modes  of  improvement,  would, 
in  most  instances  be  inseperable,  for  in  the  construction  of  a 
road  led  through  marsh  or  overflowed  lands,  the  material  must  be 
cut  from  the  side,  and  thus  form  a  canal  or  trench  on  either  side  of 
of  it,  or  an  artifioial  trenqh  opened  to  carry  off  the  water,  and 
thus  prot^t  the  road  from  innndatiop.  The  only  stream  within  ■ 
the  state,  which  has  had  an  examination  by  an  experienoed  en- 
gj^eeri' with  a  view  to  improvdment  is  the  Fox  river,  and  the  roc- 
omnoidndation  of  the  coo^misaioQers  t^oincides  with  th^  plan  pro- 
boaedr  and  already  partially  exeonied  for  making  the  upper  p04^ 
t^n  of  that  Hver  at  all  times  navigkible. 

•  The  deepening  or  enlarging  in  any  manter  the  channebof  a' 
stream  flowing  through  long  levels,  and  bounded  by  low  landd, 
iMst,  of  necessity,  reclaim  and  render  tillaibte  largp  bodiee  of 
land  which  otherwise  would  remain  valnlesse  until  the  same  re-^' 
salt  should  be  accomplished  by  private  enterprise.    60  in  the ' 
oonstraction  of  varl,  planHf  or  turnpike  ruads,  which  always  setek 
the  most  direct  route  and  easiest  grades,  the  marsh  lands  wbi^ ' 
are  traversed  by  them  are  frequently  drained,  are  always  made 
valoilblB  by  the  improvements,  and  thus  become  a  source  of  rev^ 
nne  to  tha  treaaary  of  the  state.  In  view  of  th^  positions  assnmad 
bjr  tUe  c6nimi88ioDer  prior  to  the  making  ihis  grant,  add  the  paeti- 


ligffdiniseology  of  the  met  itself,  the  tindteeigiied  are  clearly  of 
opinion,  that  in  no  other  mode  ean  the  reelaoaation  of  tbeqe  landa 
be  bade  so  as  to  aooord  folly  with  the  intent  of  congressi  than  by 
a  s^temof  irnproving  rivers,  when  they  are  susceptible  of  im-.. 
pffotemeat,  by  lowering  or  Btraightening  their  channels,  con-* 
sftmcting  lerees  for  roads  throng  the  low  lands,  and  trenching  ^ 
them  to  dmw  off  the  snrplos  water,  aod  that  to  this  object  alone , 
the  appropriation  is  madcf. 

The  neit  branch  of  the  inquiry  presents,  perhaps,  the  most  im^ » 
portaiif  questiofn  to  be  solred,  that  is,' what  is  the  duty  of  the  lo^  ■ 
^slature  m.der  the  eondtitntion  f  That  inslrnment  provides,  thit/ 
the  state  may  engage  as  a  state,  in  the  improvements,  and  shaUr 
devote  tlie  avails  of  the  grtot  to  the  object  <3ontemplated  by  then 
act  of  congress.  Tlie  avails  of  these  lands  must,  therefbre,'  be- 
devoted  Jsxcluei  vely  to  constructing  the  nec^sary  levees  and  draips 
tolreelaim  them,  and  oan  be  a|)plied.to  no  other  object  uotil  tb«t- 
work  is  accomplished.  It  is  presumed  that  the  legislature  aQd> 
the  people  cft  the  stafe  are  not  prepared  to  have  the  state  uadei!''' 
tidee  the  canstmction  of  canals,  roads  and  levees.  The  experi^nc^i 
of  ail  the  states  opposes  any  such  plan  of  roakil^g  public  improve^^ 
m^nte.  There  is  not  that  careful  precaution  among  public  offieera> 
that  will  ensure  the  accomplrishmeut  of  the  greatest  amonnti  ofi 
wwk»for  the  least  possible  price*  Men  are  fireqneiltly  selected  who? 
sn  incompetent  to  the  proper  discharge  of  the  duties  a9BigQ«4; 
tkem ;  and  the  interests  of  the  public  are  not  snffioiently  guarded: 
in  contracts,  or  the  public  funds  are  misapplied  or  squandered- 
upon  worthless  plans,  resulting  in  the  total  loss  .of  the  amount  exrf 
ptfaded.  It  is  an  acknowledged  fact,  that  every  state  which  hiir 
undertaken  any  system  of  improvements,  has  hitherto  failed  tOr 
complete  them,  or  has  construct|^  them  at  a  coat  of  more  than: 
double  the  amount  an  individual  or  private  company  would  bavo 
firand  it  necessary  to  expends  After  works  have  been  completed^ 
the  revenues  to  the  state  derived  from  that  source  will  invariably^ 
be  less,  and  collection  of  expenses  *  more — less  care  is  observed  hk 
tteir  superintendence,  involving  immense  expettditure.  for  jEa^ 
S 


10 

pairs;  Tfiej  are  committed  to  the  management  of  mere  parti- 
zaii8,  and  the  influence  or  means  thns  placed  at  command  are  need 
for  party  or  personal  benefit  The  improTcment  made  bj  the 
general  government  must  not  be  made  an  exception  to  this  rnle, 
for  though  estimates  and  appropriations  have  been  made  for  th# 
past  thirty  years  for  completiDg  docks  and  harbors  at  different 
points  on  the  seaboard  and  the  lakes,  it  is  a  truth,  that  no  im* 
proyement  of  that  character  undertaken  by  the  gOTemment,  baa 
ever  yet  been  completed.  All  moneys  for  internal  improvements 
expended  by  public  agents,  iTail  to  accomplish  the  purpose  for 
which  the  appropriations  were  made ;  and  the  wiser  course  is  to 
profit  by  the  lessons  taught  by  experience  both  of  general  and 
state  government,  and  have  the  state  abstain  in  every  instance 
from  any  interference  with  works  of  this  character. 

The  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  of  this  state  if  plated  under 
the  control  and  management  of  individuals  or  companies  with 
diarters  properly  guarded,  and  requiring  proper  security  of  them^ 
may  be  made  to  accomplish  an  incalculable  benefit  to  the  state. 
b  the  north  especially,  which  is  almost  an  unbroken  wilderness, 
the' improvement  of  rivers  and  construction  of  roads,  would  open 
access  to  the  country,  drain  and  reclaim  many  or  all  that  oonld 
be  reclaimed  of  the  marsh  lands,  and  set  the  tide  of  settlement  in 
diat  direction.  Already  many  improvements  have  been  projected, 
some  of  them  commenced,  and  all  might  be  constructed  in  a  veiy 
ft w  years,  if  the  aid  which  these  lands  would  give  were  promptly 
Airnisbed  them.  The  purpose  for  which  these  lands  are  granted, 
being  understood  to  be,  the  reclaiming  them  by  the  same  means 
which  has  always  been  used  successfully,  that  in  subduing  settle- 
Blent  and  cultivation  of  the  public  lands,  the  same  policy  diould 
be  adopted  and  applied  to  theij^  disposal.  Tor  the  past  fifty  years 
the  settled  policy  of  the  general  government  has  been  by  the  con- 
struction  of  roads  and  other  means  of  communication  to  invite  the 
piurcfaaeer  to  tbeir  lands.  It  seems  unnecessary  to  recur  to  instan- 
ees,  yet  we  may  state  a  few  to  prove  the  wisdom  which  dictated 
aad  the  beneficial  results  which  hate  flowed  firom  the  policy  at 


11 

applied  to  tbo  Nationat  domain..  The  entire  northwest,  within 
the  recollection  of  many  still  in  the  full  vigor  of  naanhood,  was  in 
a  sparsely  inhabited  region.  The  chief  commerce  of  the  country 
was  the  Indian  trade,  and  its  citizens  were  exclusively  engaged  in 
this  traffic.  Borne  portions  of  the  country  and  indeed  nearly  alt 
north  of  a  line  drawn  through  the  southerly  bend  of  Lake  Micbi- 
gauy  was  regarded  unfit  for  agricultural  purposes.  It  was,  in  faot| 
80  reported  by  agents  employed  under  the  authority  of  the  gov- 
emment,  to  select  a  tract  to  be  granted  as  a  bounty  to  soldiers 
serving  in  the  wars  of  the  United  States.  It  was  so  regarded  un- 
der tlie  administration  of  Mr,  Monroe,  when  the  plan  was  recom- 
mended and  partially  carried  into  effect  of  making  all  the  country 
west  of  Lake  Michigan  a  permanent  home  for  all  the  northern 
tribes  of  Indians. 

]n^ith  the  aid  of  liberal  appropriations  in  land  and  money,  Ohio, 
Indiana  and  Illinois,  each  opened  an  inland  communication  be- 
tween the  lakes  and  the  Mississippi  river,  and  all  these  states 
constructed  roads  intersecting  them  in  every  direction  by  which 
large  tracts  of  land  reclaimed,  immigrants  were  invited  to  seek  a 
home  within  their  borders,  facilities  for  reaching  markets  were 
supplied,  and  the  whole  region  as  by  magic  was  transformed  from 
one  vast  wilderness  penetrated  only  by  the  devious  trail  of  the  na- 
tive Indian,  into  the  abode  of  a  powerful,  active  and  enterprisiilg 
race  of  freemen. 

The  most  remarkable  example  of  the  consequence  attendant 
upon  this  policy,  has  been  shown  by  the  grant  for  a  railroad  from' 
Ohicago  to  Mobile.  In  the  States  through  which  that  great  im- 
provement passes,  large  quantities  of  land  had  been  in  market  for 
a  great  number  of  years,  and  was  refused  by  immigrants  as  wliolly 
undesirable  for  settlement,  for  want  of  timber,  water  and  access 
to  market,  and  a  large  portion  swamp  and  overflowed.  The  mo- 
ment tlie  grant  was  made  and  the  work  commenced,  people 
thronged  the  line  and  eagerly  sought  the  lands,  at  an  enhanced 
price.  The  estimate  placed  upon  them,  by  men  of  judgment  and 
character,  was  iTrom  ten  to  ttrenty-five  dollars  per  acre,  and  it  is 


believed  that  those  prices  are  Qven  lower,  than  will  finally  be  rea- 
lized frora  thorn.  It  has  also  reclainaed  all  the  lands  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  road,  swelled  the  population  of  those  States,  and  given  im- 
petus to  the  business  oT  the  country,  far  greater  than  the  most 
sanguine  friends  of  the  enterprise  had  even  dared  to  calculate. 
But  we  need  not  go  beyond  our  own  State  to  prove  the  beneficial 
results  of  this  policy.  Scarcely  any  one  of  the  main'  routes  of 
travel  in  this,  the  most  papulous  portion  of  the  State,  but  were 
first  opened  by  the  ^id  of  appropriations  made  by  congress.  In- 
deed, it  may  t^'ith  confidence  be  stated  that  without  such  aid  our 
State  would  still  hav.e  renaained  but  partially  known.  The  dona-  ' 
tion  of  land  to  improve  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers,  gave  an  im- 
mense impetus  tf>  eettlement  and  business  along  those  streams, 
increasing  the  population  of  the  counties  T^orJering  on  them  from 
30,00Q  to  150^000  in  the  past  six  years.  The  public,  lands  open  to 
entry  have  been  rapidly  taken  up  and  converted  into  farms,  cities^ 
and  villages  have  sprung  into,  existence,  and  the  busy  hum  of  in- 
dijistry  everywhere  gives  evidence  of  the  benefici^vl  results  which 
have  flowed  from  the  libv^ral  and  enlightened  policy  of  congress. 
I);  will  be  perceived,  also,  by  reference  to  the  Governor's  message,, 
that. mostly  all  the  lands  in  the  Milwaukee  and.  Mineral  Poin:  dis- 
tricts have  already  bepn  reclaimed  and  sold.  With  the  many  ex- 
amples before  him,  no  landed  proprietor  but  would  wisely  pursue 
a  similar  course.  The  means  are  thus  furnished  for' continued 
a4vanc^inent  until  the  whole  country,  forruerly  waste  and  unpro- 
ductive and  therefore  worthless,  becomes  of  value,  afibrding 
sources  of  revenue  by  taxation,  and  ppliticaUtron^gth-in  the  nuna.-^ 
bwf  ^iid  intelligence  of  its  citizens. 

.  In  the  memorial  referred  to  the  committee,^  the  petitioners  aek; 
that  the  right  of  pre-emption  may  be  granted  them  at  a  stipulated, 
price,  of  all  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  lying  within  six  miles^ 
of  thpirroad.  The  undersigned  is  of  opinion  that  this  would  be  the, 
best  mode  pf  accomplishing  the  object,  allowing  the  company  tp 
select  landdy  to  receive  title  only  as  fast  as  th^  road  shall  be  com- 
^t^d  through  thetownships  io  which  the  landp  are  situated. 


is 

.Tlie  undorsigned  is  aware  of  the  extreme  prejudice  whicli  lias 
growD  up  in  6ome  portions  of  the  State^againet  thepriDciple  of  mak- 
ing prants  of  land  fur  internal  improvements.  But  a  careful  exam- 
ination of  this  subject  induces  the  beiief  that  suoh  prejudices  are 
unjust,  and  spring  from  the  various  abuses  which  have  been 
perpetrated,  and  furnish  no  arguments  against  the  system  which 

,  has  so  long  and  so  successfully  prevailed. 

What  do  these  petitioners  ask  ?  Merely  that  if  ydu  will  allow  the 
pre-emption  along  their  road,  enabling  theiQ  \o  take  title  only  as 
fast  as  their  road  shall  be  completed.  You  grant  them  nothing, 
for  which  they  do  not  pay  you  a  ten  fold  equivalent,  by,  openiqg 
access  to  every  part  of  your  state.  r 

The  whole  area  of  unsold  lands  the  state  contain^  is  aboat24,- 
000,000  acres,  of  which  8,500,000  are  swamp  and  overflowed  lands 
belonging  to  the  state.    Besides  these  the  ^tate  is  proprietor  of 

.  the  school  lands^  amounting  to  some  500,000  more,  remaining,  un- 
sold. Not  only  the  lands  of  the  state,  but  those  of  tlie  U,  S.,  all 
most  admit,  in  their,present  condition,  are  valueless  as  a  source  of 
revenue  to  the  ^tate>  and  if  the  state  lapds  were  now  Uirown  iiUo 

.  market,  it  is  believed  but  a  small  amount  would  be  realized  fro^ 
them,  li  ^act  little  more  than  enough  to  pay  the  state  officers  for 
taking  charge  of  selling  them.  Of  the  amount  of  lands  belongii^g 
to  the  state,  the  projected  roads  and.  all  pther  improvements,  in 
the  mode  asked  by  the  petitioners  would  absorb  about  on^  third 
of  them.  When  these  were  disposed  oi  in  this  manner  the  state 
would  still  have  2 1-2  million^  of  acres,  most  of  which  would  bo 
made  accessible,  and  would  be  equally  sought  for  by  settlers.  But 
granting  that  all  the  lauds  should  be  thus  disposed  of,  the  annual 
revenue  which  they  would  pay  to  the  st^te^  would  more  than 
equal  the  interest  on  the  whole  sum  which  they  weuld  now  bring 
if  brought  into  market.  Let  one  instance  be  cited  for  illustration. 
The  Winnebago  marsh,  or  Lake  Horicon  as  it  is  called^  embraces 
about  80,000  acres  of  these  very  marsh  lands,  none  of  which,  in 
their  present  condition,  will  bring  one  cent  an  acre.  These  are  al- 
so adjoining  marsh  lands,  owned  by  individuals  which  they  have 


14 

a  right  to  dsim,  jon  will  impi*oye  by  drainiDg  and  reclaiming 
your  own.  Suppose  the  oDtlet  of  this  marsh  can  be  deepened  or 
enlarged  so  as  to  increase  the  flow  of  water  from  it,  and  thus  render 
80,000  acre?,  now  worthless,  suflSciently  dry  for  cultivation,  or  even 
for  meadow.  Is  it  not  an  object  worthy  of  public  attention  to  un- 
dertake snch  reclaiming  of  these  lands,  and  wonld  not  the  state 
profit  by  donating  the  whole  quantity  to  any  individual  or  com- 
pany engaging  in  the  enterprizef  She  has  30,000  acres  of  land 
added  to  the  tax  list  of  Dodge  county,  averaging  in  value  ten  dol- 
lars, ni«king  the  total  of  300,000,  of  which  1  per  cent,  or  3000  ia 
annually  paid  into  your  treasury.  In  addition  to  this  revenue  the 
'  state  is  relieved  from  all  claims  for  damages  in  favor  of  the  own- 
ers of  adjoining  lands. 

This  is  one  of  many  similar  instances,  where  the  State  gives  ab- 
solutely nothing,  and  a  realize  incalculable  advantage  from  the 
plans  proposed  by  the  minority  of  the  committee. 

It  is  only  when  these  appropriation  monopolize  immense  bodies  of 
the  public  domain,  so  as  to  retard  its  settlement,  paralyze  private 
enterprise  and  prevent  the  improvements  of  the  country,  that  they 
become  objectionable.  That  no  such  results  is  anticipated,  or  can 
be  produced,  must  be  apparent  to  all  who  will  give  the  subject  a 
candid  or  careful  exarrination,  from  the  plan  now  proposed.  A 
line  drawn  from  the  river  at  Qreen  Bay  to  the  Wisconsin  river 
would  be  78  miles  in  length,  and  the  state  lands  within  six  miles 
on  either  side,  are  shown  by  the  lists  now  in  possession  of  the 
state  authorities,  to  be  73,667  acres,  or  allows  946  acres  to  each 
mile  of  road,  to  be  constructed.  On  the  line  of  the  Milwaukee 
and  La  Crosse  road,  there  are  about  60,000  acres,  and  on  the  branch 
from  Horicon  to  the  Wisconsin,  and  thence  to  the  north  line  of 
town  32,  there  are  about  90,000.  The  lake  shore  road  extended 
north  from  Milwaukee  to  Green  Bay,  and  thence  to  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  state,  would  take  only  141,009  acres  of  swamp 
lands.  All  these  roads  combined  would  absorb  about  350,000  or 
one  tenth  of  the  swamp  and  over  flowedlands  of  the  state.  If 
these  lands  are  offered  at  public  auction  this  year  or  the  next,  or 


15 

in  fiict  at  any  tiioa  bafort  roads  are  <KMi6traotod  to  m^Jce  then  ac- 
oaetible,  not  one  lot  in  OQe  linndred  conld  be  sol  J«at  anj  price. 
Indeed  Bucb  onlj  would  be  purchased  as  are  valuable  fi>r  their 
timber^  leaviog  the  balance  of  them  on  the  hands  of  tbe  state,  un- 
productive and  worthless.  Should  the  improvements  be  first 
made,  thej  would  be  eagerly  sought  for  by  iiNmigrants,  and  tbe 
greater  portion  of  them  converted  into  farms.  It  would  seem, 
therefore,  that  this  furnished  the  only  positive  mode  by  which  the 
state  can  dispose  of  ail  the  lands  and  render  all  a  source  of  revenue 
to  the  state,  and  at  the  same  time  relieve  itself  of  the  responsibili- 
ty, to  those  residing  in  their  immediate  neighborhood  and  who 
have  a  right  to  demand  the  appropriation  of  their  avails  to 
drain  and  reclaim  them. 

Tbe  ondersigoed  had  thought  of  making  some  reference  to  the 
various  f^chemes  which  have  been  proposed  of  selling,  subjects  to 
drainage,  and  of  sales  for  cash  &  c. ,  but  has  not  now  in  the  hurry  of  get 
ting  up  this  report  the  time  to  do  so.    Suffice  to  say,  none  of  these 
proposed  plans  comply  with  the  constitution  and  the  law,  and  it  is 
in  my  opinion  the  first  consideration  to  leave  no  room  for  cavil  up- 
on the  question.    The  act  for  their  disposal  should  provide  that  all 
the  avails  shall  be  applied  to  the  constmction  of  levees  and  drains 
calculated  to  reclaim  the  lands.    In  this  application  of  their  pro* 
ceeds,  every  citizen  residing  in   the  vicinity  of  the  location  to  be 
reclaimed  has  a  direct  personal  interest,  and  has  a  right  to  claim 
the  falfillmeot  on  the  part  of  the  state  of  the  condition  under 
wbich  tlie  grant  was  received.    Should  the  c  instituted  authorities 
of  tbe  state  negUct  to  apply  the  funds,  or  misapply  it  £>r  pur- 
poses not  contemplated  in  the  act  of  congress,  we  are  not  prepar-- 
ed  to  say  where  tbe  liability  might  «nd.    Claims  ior  damages  are 
easily  made  up,  and  those  growing  out  a  disregard  of  the  terms  of 
the   constitution  requiring  a  specific  application  of  the  avails 
of  this  grant  may  reach  an  amount  not  easily  calculated. 

To  obviate  all  objection  on  constitutional  grounds  and  to  the  es* 
pedioncy  of  having  the  state  meddle  with  a  fond  which-  would 
either  be  squandered  or  directed  to  illegitimate  purposes,  and  more 
thajti  aD;  td  relieve  the  state  from  all  liabilty  growing  out  of  the 


16 

nalperforaianee  of  the  trast  confided  in  it  by  tbeaot  of  congees, 

•  the  minority  of  the  committee  firabmit,  that  any  legiBlation  shovdd 
hare  for  ita  main  purpoee  the  draining  and  reclaiming  those  lands. 
'This  woufd  be  accompliehed  perhapa  in  the  clearest  and  most  direct 
manner  by  donating  the  lands  to  the  counties  in  which  they  are 
si  mated,  in  the  precise  language  used  by  congress  in  granting  theni 

'  to  the-state.  There  are  many  and  weighty  argoments  in  favor  of 
this  disposition  of  them.    The  people  in  their  vicinity  will  be  bet- 

'  ter  able  to  determine  the  best  method  to  reclaim  them,  and  we 
more  directly  interested  in  the  application  of  their  avails  to  that 

'  purpose,  while  for  any  damages  which  might  accrue  from  an  Hn- 
wise  or  faithless  use  of  those  avails,  the  remedy  would  be  against 
the  local  authorities  and  not  against  the  state.  If  rival  inteveets 
spring  up,  the  loc^al  government  can  act  more  advisedly  and  is  bet* 

•  ter  able  to  decide  between  them  than  the  state  government  could 
be.  But  whatever  method  shall  be  considered  the  most  advan- 
tagcoiis,  the  minority  still  insists,  that  the  state  shall  always  keep 

•  in  view  the  main  purpose  of  the  grant,  and  never  betray  a  want 
of  fidelity  to  the  constitution,  or  to  any  trust  to  be  administered 
under  it. 

It  would  seem  to  be  of  primary  importance  to  make  provisioii 
'  for  the  protection,  if  not  for  the  disposal,  of  those  lands  wiAout 
unnecessary  delay.  Many  of  them  are  now  valuable  for  their 
timber,  which  is  constantly  being  taken  to  supply  the  numerous 
lumbering  establishments  already  in  operation,  and  may  be  confi- 
dently predicted,  that  unless  some  measures  to  guard  them  from 
plunder  shall  be  taken  immediately,  a  great  share  of  this  munifi- 
cent gift,  will  be  lost  to  the  people  of  this  state. 

The  minority,  therefore,  recommends,  that  the  prayer  of  the 
petitioners  ought  to  be  granted,  and  tliat  a  committee  of  the  assem- 
bly be  instructed  to  bring  in  a  bill,  either  to  grant  to  all  railroads 
to  be  constructed  through  the  state,  lands  on  each  side,  as  requested 
in  this  memorial ;  or  to  grant  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  to 
the  counties  in  which  they  are  aitaated)  annexing  the  same  limita- 
.  tioDs  and  conditions  under  which  they  are  donated  by  congress  to 
the  state,  and  leave  the  people  tljiemselves  to  decide  in  what  man- 
ner they  can  be  most  profitably  reclaimed. 

M.  L.  MAftHN. 


REPORT 


or 


ME.  A.  H.  VAN  NORSTRAND, 


TO  WHOU  WAS  Sl^nriBSD  THB  8UBJB0T  OF    LEGALIznra 
THX  BTUDT  OF 


ANATOMICAL  AND  SURGICAL  SCIENCE, 


MADE  TO  THE  A8SEMBLT. 


f 


PROCEEDINGS 


OV  THB 


WISCONSIN  STATE  MEDICAL  SOCIETY, 

▲T  ITS  TJUT  19NirAL  HSKTIVQ  AFTER  R^-ORGANIZATIOH^  H^U)  AT 

MADISOK,  A.  D.^  1855. 


HAiHBQsrj  Jaiiuary  91vt,  1855. 

The  Wisconsin  State  Medical  Societj  met  at  2  o'clock,  P.  M., 
in  the  court  house,  and  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Dr. 
Castleman. 

The  minutes  of  the  last  meeting  were  then  read  by  the  Secreta- 
ry, Dr.  Wilber,  and  adopted. 

The x»ir being  culled,  thb  following  members  answered  toflxeir 
nflmes,  to  wit:  Jno.  B.  Donsman,  Joseph  Gray,  Solomon  Blood, 
James  J.  Brown,  Wmf.  H.  Brisbane,  Jno.  Fayiil,  Jr.,  Alfred  L. 
OasifediM  aMl&ea  D.  Wilber. 

Dn.  Jnok  Mi^hell,  A.  J.  Ward  and  0.  G.  Pease  baling  bf^n 

elected  permanent  members  of  this8o.oieityatpreviQDfimeetio09pf 

,  the  same,  :^at  haying  never  signed  the  constitiutioB,  they-eamf  for- 

.  ward  and  signed  the  ;Cpofl,kHntiQn  a^d  hecaiAd  pemibera  in  <]fie 

fonn«  ' . 

Dr.  O.  W.  Blanchard,  saperintendent  of  thp  institution  located 
at  Deleran,  for  the  edacation  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  stated  that 


he  had  been  elected  a  permanent  member  of  this  society  at  a 
former  meeting,  the  records  of  which  have  been  lost;  wherenpon, 
on  motion  of  Dr.  Donsman,  he  was  admitted  to  the  membership 
of  this  society,  on  bis  signing  oar  constitntion* 

On  motion,  Drs.  Blanchard,  Gray  and  Brown  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  inrite  the  regular  physicians  in  the  legislature  to 
seats  in  the  society  and  to  participate  in  the  deliberations  of  the 
same,  durinjg  the  present  session. 

'  *  The  censors  reported  favorably  on  the  application  of  the  follow- 
ing named  gentlemen  for  the  membership  of  this  society,  namely : 
Drs.  E.  P.  Wood  and  J.  D.  Jones,  of  Prairie  du  Chien,  Dr.  G.  H. 
Irwin  of  Lodi,  Columbia  county,  Dr.  L.  H.  Gary  of  Green  Bush, 
Sheboygan  county,  Dr.  D.  L.  Downs  of  Orion,  Bichland  county. 
Dr.  B.  F.  Mills  of  Baraboo,  Dr.  Wm.  M.  Thomas  of  Darlmgton, 
and  Dr.  S.  H.  Bassinger  of  Prairie  du  Sac,  all  of  whom  became 
members  of  the  society  in  due  form. 

The  censors  also  reported  favorably  on  the  applications  of  Messrs. 
Jas.  H.  MagofSn  of  Bochester,  and  Wm.  M.  Blaur  of  Darlington, 
for  the  diploma  of  this  society ;  whereupon,  the  President  granted 
a  diploma  to  each  of  said  gentlemen,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
visions in  such  cases  made  and  provided. 

The  Secretary  and  Treasurer  presented  their  annual  reports, 
which  were  accepted,  and  the  latter  was  ordered  to  be  placed  on 
file.    The  secretary's  report  was  laid  on  the  table  until  evening. 

On  motion,  Drs.  Pease,  Brisbane  and  Blood  were  appointed  a 
busitiqsa  committee  for  preparing  and  arranging  busineasi  and  for 
eclti^bUshing  an  order  for  its  consideration. 

Drs.  Pease  and  Bassinger  were,  on  -motioD,  appointed  a  Mil- 
mittee  to  whom  was  Teferred  the  secretary 'b  Mpoii,  with  instmc- 
tioiiB  to  report  tUf  evening. 

Dr.  Pease,  from  the  committee  on  business,  reported  an  order  of 
Imsiness,  >which  was  lidopted  and  followed  until  the  adoption  of 
the  by-laws,  {haee  mde^)  and  the  committee  was  discharged. 

Adjourned  uutil  7  1:2  o'clock|  this  evening. 


5 

EYEKING  SESSION. 

Wkdnbsdat,  7 1-2  o'clk.  P.  M. ' 

Hie  society  met  panaant  td  adjonrnment,  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Wisconsin  Institute,  the  President  in  the  chair. 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  secretary's  report, 
made  a  report  approringof  the  snggestions  therein  contained,  and 
also  recommended  action  on  the  death  of  Prof  Lathrop,  as  well  as 
thatofDr.Ladd.  The  report  was  accepted  and  the  committee 
discharged. 

The  committee  on  by-laws,  appointed  one  year  ago,  made  a  re* 
port  throngh  Dr.  Wilbur,  a  minority  of  the  committee,  which  was 
accepted  and  laid  on  the  table. 

The  report  was  taken  up  and  discussed,  and  then  referred  back 
to  the  committee  with  instrnctions  to  insert  an  additional  article 
providing  for  standing  committees. 

Drs.  Mitchell  and  Pease  were  added  to  the  committee  on  by- 
laws,  in  the  absence  of  the  other  members  of  the  same.  The  com- 
mittee after  a  short  conference  reported  back  the  by-laws,  amend- 
ed as  instructed,  and  were  discharged. 

The  by-laws  were  then  considered  seriatim,  amended  and  adopt- 
ed, (vide  appendix  C.)    * 

On  motion,  the  hearing  of  Dr.  Brisbane's  essay  was  made  the 
first  in  the  order  of  business  for  to-morrow  morning. 

A  communication  from  Dr.  Ayres,  our  first  Yice-President,  was 
read  by  the  secretary,  in  which  he  manifests  a  lively  interest  in 
the  prosperity  of  the  society,  and  regrets  the  misunderstanding 
which  prevented  his  attending  the  present  meeting.  He  also 
gave  the  outlines  of  an  interesting  case  of  ascites  occurring  in  his^ 
own  practice,  which  was  also  read  by  the  secretary. 

Dr.  Brisbane  gave  an  oral  description  of  a  monstrosity  found  in 
a  pig,  consisting  mainly  in  the  absence  ol  a  urethra  and  uterus, 
and  the  termination  of  theVagina  in  a  regularly  formed  bladder. 
He  also  gave  the  outlines  of  a  new  mode  of  practice  in  certain 
cases,  usually  requiring  the  bone  forceps,  in  which  he  has  sue- 


ceBsfnllj  diBpensed  with  the  forceps  and  euji^titated  strong  acids, 
as  in  denuded  bones  from  "**  frost-bites,"  &c. 

On  motion,  Drs.  Brisbane,  Wood,  Pease  and  Favill  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  draft  a  preamble  and  resolations  express- 
ive of  the  feelings  of  the  members  of  this  society^  on  the  reofNdt 
decease  of  onr  worthy  ai^d  highly  esteemed  memberSi  Prof.  S.  P. 
Iiathrop  and  Dr.  A.  P.  Ladd. 
•  Adjourned  until  9  o'clock  to-miorrow  moraing^ 


SECOND  DAY. 

Thtjbsixiy,  February  1 — 9  P.  Jt. 

The  society  convened  pursuant  to  adjournment,  and  was  called 
to  order  by  the  President,  and  Dr.  Wood  was  appointed  Secretary 
^0  teni,^  Dr.  Wilber  being  temporarily  absent. 

Before  the  transaction  of  any  business,  Dr.  Wilber  came  in  and 
took  his  place  at  the  table. 

The  hearing  of  Dr.  Brisbane's  essay  being  in  order,  he  came 
forward  smd  read  the  same,  which  he  entitled  "  The  modus  ope- 
randi of  Health  and  Disease.''  He  stated  that  this  essay  was  in- 
tended as  the  basis  of  another  on  the  subject  of  Homoeopathy, 
which  latter  he  had  been  unable  to  complete  before  the  present 
meeting.  Whereupon,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Dousman,  the  thanks  of 
tlie  society  were  tendered  to  Dr.  Brisbane  for  his  essay,  and  be 
was  requested  to  read  his  contemplated  essay  on  Homoeopathy 
at  our  next  annual  meeting. 

The  committee  on  a  library,  appointed  one  year  ago,  failing  to 
make  a  report,  were,  on  motion  of  Dr.  Wood,  discharged,  and  a 
committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Wood,  Wilber,  Dousman,  Irwin  and 


Favill,  was  appointed  to  take  the  subject  into  consideration^  and 
recommend  a  plan  ^r  the  establishment  and  snpport  of  a  library 
suitable  to  the  wants  of  this  societj,  with  instmctions  to  report  at 
oar  next  annual  meeting* 

Dr.  Brisbane,  from  the  committee  appointed  for  the  purpose^ 
reported  the  following  preamble  and  resolution,  which,  on  motion, 
wezie  adopted,  and  the  committee. discharged,  namely : 

WLereas,  death  has  been  in  our  midst,  daring  the  past  year,  and 
two  of  the  most  worthy  of  our  confraternity  have  been  Mmoved 
from  their  usefulness  here,  and  called  to  the  higher  life  of  the 
spirit  world,  the  members  of  this  society  oannot  fail  to  record 
their  lively  appreciation  of  the  high  merits,  both  professional  and 
personal,  of  our  depart^  and  much  lamented  coadjutors,  as  well 
as  to  expresf  the  deep  sympathies  awakened  witiiin  them  for  the 
nuHre  near  relatives,  who  have  been  tiius  signally  afflicted.  There- 
fore, be  it 

Besolved,  by  the  Wisconsin  State  Medical  Society,  Thi^  in  the 
deathof  Prof«  S.  P.  Lathrop,  and  Dr.  Azel  P.  Ladd,  our  profes- 
sion has  lost  two  of  its  brightest  lights,  and  our  society  two  of  its 
moat  prominent  and  useful  members. 

Resolved,  That  we  tender  our  sincere  condolence  and  warmest 
sympathies  to  the  smitten  families  of  the  deceased,  in  the  terrible 
affliction  which  so  suddenly  befel  them,  in  the  loss  of  husband, 
father,  brother  and  friend. 

Besolved,  That  a  copy  of  the  foregoing  preamble  and  resolu- 
tions be  forwarded,  by  the  secretary,  to  each  of  the  families  of 
the  deceased. 

On  motion,  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Wood,  Oary  and  Ma- 
goffin, was  appointed  to  take  into  consideration  that  portion  of  the 
secretary's  report,  referring  to  a  bill  to  legalize  the  study  of  ana- 
tomical and  surgical  science,  with  instructions  to  bring  the  subjeot 
before  the  present  legislature,  and,  if  possible,  to  secfire  the  pas- 
sage of  a  bill  for  that  purpose. 

Dr.  Wilber  offered  the  following  article  as  an  amendment  to  the 
constitution,  which  was  discussed  by  several  members,  but  failing 


to  reeeire  a  nnmimom  vote,  it  lies  oyer  nntil  the  next  annMl 
maetiiig,  luunelj: 

Article  —  •  To  Btinmlate  the  exertions  of  the  meroberi  of  this 
seoeietj,  and  to  create  a  landable  emnlation  amoag  them  in  the 
promotioii  and  adTanoement  «f  the  medical  and  collateral  BdeneeSi 
there  shall  be  connected  with  thia  sode^  an  hononay  asBoda- 
tion  to  be  composed  of  members  of  this  socielj,  who  have  eadi 
and  severally  written  an  essay  or  other  paper,  whidi  has  been 
discnssed  and  approved  by  the  society  as  herein  provided,  and 
who  haye  been  elected  to  the  membership  of  said  honorary  asso- 
ciation in  the  manner  provided  in  this  ariide;  and  when  five 
members  shall  have  been  thns  elected  to  the  memberdiip  of 
the  honorary  association  aforesaid,  they  are  hereby  empowered  to 
organijse  themselyes  into  a  sodely  nnder  such  name  and  regnla- 
tions,  not  incompatible  with  the  regalations  of  this  sodety,  as 
they  may  deem  proper ;  and  it  shall  be  the  dnty  of  the  first 
elected,  to  call  a  meeting  of  said  honorary  association,  when  re- 
quested so  to  do  by  a  majority  of  the  other  members  thereof,  at 
such  time  and  place  as  he  may  appoint  for  the  purpose  of  organ- 
izing. 

8ec.  2.  Every  member  of  this  society  shall  be  entitled  to  write 
an  essay,  or  other  paper,  on  any  topic  pertaining  to  the  medical 
and  collateral  sciences,  and  to  present  the  same  to  the  committee 
on  essays,  accompanied  by  a  sealed  packet,  bearing  the  same  mot- 
to as  that  which  the  accompanying  essay  must  also  bear,  contain- 
ing the  writer's  name  and  residence  in  fall.  At  the  next  annual 
meeting  thereafter,  the  committee  on  essays  shall  read  to  the  so- 
ciety the  essays,  or  other  papers,  which  have  been  thus  presented 
them,  which  essays  or  other  papers  shall  then  be  open  to  discus- 
sion and  criticism ;  and  if  any  such  essay  or  other  paper  be  deem- 
ed of  sufficieflt  merit  to  entitle  its  author  to  the  membership  of  the 
honorary  association  aforesaid,  said  author  shall,  if  he  recdve  the 
votes  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present,  be  dedared  elected 
a  member  of  the  aforesaid  honorary  assodation.  After  the  balot- 
ings  are  concluded,  the  sealed  packet  accompanying  each  successful 


9 

esBaj,  or  other  paper,  shall  be  opened  by  the  eocretary  and  the 
author's  name  read  alond;  bat  if  the  essay  pr  other  paper  fail  to 
secure  its  author's  election  to  the  honorary  association}  then  the 
essf^  or  other  paper  together  with  the  accompanying  sealed  pack- 
et shall  be  r^;arned,  on  application,  to  the  person  from  whom  the 
same  w^re  received. 

Sjbo.  3.  The  president  shall  appoint,  at  each  annnal  meeting  of 
this  society,  a  committee  on  essays,  consisting  of  three  members^ 
who  shall  receive  all  essays  or  other  papers  presented  to  them  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  article,  and  shall  read  the* 
same  at  the  next  annnal  meeting  of  this  society  thereafter. 

On  motion,  adjourned  until  1 1-2  o'clock  P.  M. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

Thijbsday,  1  1-2  o'clock  P.  M. 

The  Society  met,  and  the  President  being  absent,  Dr.  Brisbane 
was  called  to  the  chair,  ^e>  tern. 

On  motion,  that  portion  of  the  secretary's  report  referring  to  the 
necessity  of  procuring  a  seal  for  the  the  society  was  called  up,  and 
the  committee  on  publication  was  instrncted  to  procure  a  suitable 
seal  for  the  society. 

The  same  committee  was  also  instructed  to  publish  the  proceed- 
lugs  of  this  meeting,  together  with  the  law  of  Wisconsin,  touch- 
ing medical  societies,  our  constitution,  by-laws  aud  code  of  ethics, 
and  to  procure  .the  printing  of  the  same  by  the  state,  if  practica- 
ble or  otherwise,  at  their  discretion. 

The  Treasurer  was  instructed  to  famish  the  necessary  funds  to 
carry  out  the  orders  and  instructions  of  this  meeting. 

Dr.  Gastleman  now  came  in  and  resumed  the  chair. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Dousman,  the  committee  on  publication  was 
instructed  to  provide  and  prepare  certifipates  of  membership,  and 
3 


10 

the  Secratary  was  inBtr acted  to  furnish  each  member  of  this  socie- 
ty with  a  certificate  of  membership  duly  signed  and  sealed. 
<  On  motion,  Drs.  Van  Norstrand,  Gary  and  Downs  were  appoint- 
ed a  committee  to  ^epare  and  procure  the  passage  of  a  bill  by  the 
legislature^  providing  for  the  printing  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Wisconsin  State  Medical  Society,  at  the  public  expense. 

Dr,  Wood,  from  the  committee  to  prepare  a  bill  to  present  to 
the  legislature  for  its  passage,  legalizing  the  study  of  anatomieal 
and  surgical  science,  reported  a  bill  which  was  received  and  dis- 
cussed,  and  finally  referred  back  to  the  committee  for  presentation 
to  the  legislature,    (vide  Appendix  E.) 

On  motion  Dr.  John  Favill,  Jr.,  wrfe  appointed  to  deliver  an 
essay  at  our  next  annual  meeting. 

Dr.  A.  J.  Ward  presented,  through  Dr.  Dousman,  a  bill  for  two 
dollars  (|2  00)  which,  on  motion,  was  allowed  and  an  order  drawn 
on  the  Treasury  for  the  amount. 

On  motion  the  society  proceeded  to  elect  ofllcers  for  the  ecsu- 
ing  year,  Drs.  Passingerand  Brown  acting  as  tellers. 

On  the  first  informal  ballot,  for  President,  Dr.  Jno.  Mitchell  re- 
ceived a  majority  of  all  the  votes,  whereupon  on  motion  of  Dr^ 
Blood,  Dr^  Mitchell  was  declared  elected  President  by  acclama- 
tion. 

Dr.  Jno.  B.  Dousman  was  elected  first  vice  president,  on  theficst 
ballot. 

On  the  first  ballot,  Dr.  Wilber  was  elected  second  vice  presi- 
dent, but  he  declined  the  oflSce,  and  on  the  second  ballot,  Dr. 
Solomon  Blood  was  duly  elected. 

Oa  motion  of  Dr.  Favill,  Dr.  Wilber,  of  Mineral  Point,  was 
elected  secretary,  by  acclamation. 

On  motion,  Dr.  Joseph  Gray  was  unanimously  re-elected  Trea- 
surer. 

Dr.  Wm.  H.  Brisbane,  of  Dover,  Iowa  county,  was  on  motion 
elected  chairman  of  the  censors,  and  Dr.  John  Favill,  jr.,  of  Madi- 
son, and  H.  Van  Dusen,  of  Mineral  Point,  were  re-elected  associate 
censors. 


11 

Tl^e  following  named  gentlemen  were  duly  elected  delegates 
to  the  American  Medical  Association,  at  itfl  next  meeting,  namely  : 

Dra.  0.  G.  Pease,  Alfred  L.  Oastleman,  D.  Cooper  Ajers,  A. 
J.  Ward,  J.  D.  Jones,  J.  J.  Brown  and  Geo.  D.  Wilber ;  each 
delegate  was  empowered  to  appoint  a  substitute  in  case  of  his' 
non-attendance,  and  the  delegation  collectively,  was  empowered 
to  fill  any  vacancy  occurring. 

The  newly  elected  censors,  reported  favorably  on  the  applica- 
tions of  Drs.  B.  L.  Brisbane,  Jolih  Hallowell,  and  E.  Heath,  to 
become  members  Of  this  society.  The  report  was  accepted,  and 
said  gentlemen  were  elected  to  the  membersliip  of  this  society  on 
the  condition  of  their  complying  with  the  requisitions  of  the  con- 
stitution. 

Dr.  Mitchell  was  now  inducted  into  the  chair  of  his  office  by 
Drs.  Brisbane  and  DousmaH,  appointed  fbr  that  purpose,  wd  rd* 
turned  his  thanks  to  the  society  for  the  honor  conferred  upon  him, 
and  spoke  of  his  present  position  as  the  proudest  oi  his  life ;  he 
expressed  his  determination  to  serve  the  society  faithfully,  and  to 
do  all  in  his  power  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  profession  and 
of  the  society,  and  in  conclusion  he  again  thanked  the  society 
heartily. 

On  motion  the  thanks  of  the  society  were  tendered  to  the  re- 
tiring president.  Dr.  Oastleman,  for  the  able,  efficient,  impartial 
and  gentlemanly  manner  in  which  he  has  discharged  his  duties. 

The  thanks  of  the  society  were  unanimously  tendered  to  the 
proprietors  of  the  Wisconsin  Institute,  for  tho  gratuitous  use  of 
their  commodious  room,  during  our  present  session. 

The  President  elect  announced  the  following  appointments  to  tha 
several  standing  comnrittees,  namely  : 

On  arrangementa — ^Drs.  J.  J.  Brown,  A.  J.  Ward  and  Joseph 
Gray. 

Oth  PraeUcal  Medicine— Drs.  E.  P.  Wood,  B.  F.  Mills  and 
O.G.  Pease. 

Ofi  Surgery—DtB.  A.  L.  Oastleman,  E.  B.  Wolcott  and  Wm.  H. 
Brisbane. 


IS 

On  OhstOries—Drs.  S.  H-  Bassinger,  S.  Blood,  and  H.  Tan 
Dusen. 

On  Itnanc$—T)TB.  Jofleph  Gray,  Geo.  D.  Wilber  and  Wm.  M. 
Thomas. 

There  being  no  farther  bQsiness,  the  secretarj  was  instructed  to 
publish  an  abstract  of  the  proceedings  of  this  meeting  in  such  pa- 
pers or  journals  as  he  maj  select 

On  motion,  adjourned  imtil  7  o'clock  P.  M.,  to  listen  to  the  ad- 
dress of  Dr.  Castleman,  as  retiring  President,  to  be  delivered  in 
the  assembly  room. 

The  society  met  pursuant  to  adjournment,  and  the  speaker  was 
announced  by  the  President  elect,  when  Dr.  Castleman  appeared 
and  said : 

Mr.  PresideiU  and  OenUemen  of  the  State  Medical  Sdciety : 

The  human  mind  is  ever  emulous  of  high  examples.  Man  fix- 
es his  eye  on  something  above  him,  and  his  struggles  to  attain  it 
constitute  the  chief  history  of  his  life. 

When  Cromwell  buckled  on  his  armor  to  defend  the  violated 
rights  of  his  countrymen,  the  brightness  of  the  example  fixed  the 
gaze  of  admiring  masses,  His  success  made  him  an  object  of 
their  emulation.  But  having  reached  the  first  aim  of  his  ambi- 
tion, this  same  emample  is  seen  leading  in  another  direction ;  and 
the  eyes  of  the  masses,  fixed  only  on  the  man  whom  they  would 
imitate,  loose  sight  of  the  fact  that  they  are  being  led  to  exchange 
a  high-toned  patriotism  for  military  renown.  Such  is  ever  the^ 
case  in  politics ;  and  were  it  proper  to  allude  to  them,  our  own 
times  furnish  more  striking  instances  of  the  masses  being  led,  by 
high  examples  in  the  pursuit  of  political  virtues,  or  being  sunk  to 
tolerate  political  vices. 

In  Beligion,  we  find  the  same  tendency  to  follow  after  leadora 
^*  Great  was  Diana  of  the  Ephesians,"  and  many  and  zealooB 
were  her  followers.  But  a  new  religion  was  instituted.  Pnre^ 
simple  and  impressive  as  were  the  truths  of  Christianity,  they 
were  slowly  received  until  the  high  examples  of  learned  and  noble 
men  opened  the  hearts  of  the  masses  to  an  appreciation  of  their 


excellence.  2%en  Diana  of  the  fipheeians  loet  her  power  to  con- 
trol, and  religious  quackery  yielded  its  power  to  the  admiration  6f 
religious  truth.  And  afterwards,  even  this  religion  for  a  long 
time  struggled  with  doubtftil  success  against  the  influence  of  Tol- 
ti^re's  high  example,  when  he  preached  infidelity  to  France. 

Kor  is  our  code  of  Morals  exempt  from  such  an  influence. — 
Conduct  which  the  world  had  held  in  abhorrence,  was,  by  Uie 
high  example  of  Catharine  and  Henry  of  Valois,  rendered  inno- 
cent recreation  amongst  the  masses  and  the  lower  nobility ;  to  be 
made  again  abhorrent  by  the  precepts  of  Henry  the  Fourth. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  multiply  instances  of  this  tendency  of  man 
to  follow  leaders.  The  very  fashions  of  our  dress,  and  of  our  de- 
portement,  our  business  vocations,  even  our  manner  of  worship 
and  our  very  thoughts  are  made  amenable  to  this  test  of  proprie- 

.  On  a  former  occasion,  Ifr.  President,  I  was  invited  to  address 
this  Society  on  the  subject  of  Medical  Quackery  and  its  remedies. 
HI  health  prevented  my  responding  to  the  qalL  'lis  my  intention 
this  evenings  briefly  to  invite  your  attention  to  that  subject,  basing 
my  remarks  on  the  illustrations  t  have  just  given. 

Had  Cromwell  been  satisfied  with  abusing  the  perfidy  of 
Oharles--or  Saul  of  Tarsus  with  attempting  to  prove  the  insijLf- 
•  ficiency  of  Diana  as  a  Savior — had  Catharine  contented  her- 
self with  railing  at  the  Puritanical  modesty  which  she  disfdaced 
— or  Henry  exclaiming  against  the  immorality  of  Catharine  and 
her  court,  Charles  could  have  laughed  at  the  power  of  Cromwell, 
Diana  would  have  continued  the  powerful  Goddess,  till  the  advent 
of  a  greater  than  Saul— Catharine  could  never  have  displaced,  nor 
Henry  restored  the  customs  of  their  times.  In:  each  it  was  nec- 
essary to  success  that  lie  should  be  not  the  abuser  of  his  enemy, 
but  tiie  qualified  leader  of  &i8  jErfends.  The  example  and  portion 
of  the  leader  is  often  more  ][>owerM  than  (lie  juatneas  of  his 
Muse. 

Properly  apply  this  apherism  to  our  profession,  and  we  have'  a 
remedy  for  quackery.    But  be  not  misled  by  the  opinion  that  it  is 


14 

of  eftsj  application.  We  have  etrong  {Mrejndices  to  oyercome ; 
and  ofteDi  befofe  the  physician  is  allowed  to  wear  the  laurels  of 
learningf  he  must  donblj  win  them«  On  the  other  hand,  the 
great  evil  of  ernpiricism  is  fastened  on  commnnitj,  and,  like  the 
roots  of  a  cancer,  the  more  it  is  irritated  the  more  rapidlj  it 
spreads.  Living  by  our  opposition,  fattening  on  our  abni^ 
reyelling  in  our  ridicule,  it  has  gained  the  sympathy  of  the 
public — the  sanction  of  our  laws.  Every  attack  upon  it  but 
strengthens  its  yirality,  and  there  is  but  one  way  left  to  arrest  its 
growth — "Let  yotr  light  so  shine  before  men,  that  they,  seeing 
your  good  works,"  may  appreciate  your  supenority.  Every  indi- 
vidual who  accomplishes  this,  becomes  an  object  of  emulation, 
and  entitles  himself  to  public  gratitude. 

Buteven  more  must  be  accomplished.  As  a  singte  breeze  frein 
the  surface  of  a  pure  lake  is  insufficient  to  correct  miasma  of  sor* 
rounding  marbhes,  so  the  example'^of  a  single  individual,  or  a  sin- 
gle age,  is  not  always  competent  to  correct  the  wayward  current 
of  public  opinion.  As  the  sourced  of  the  atmosphere  must  be  pu. 
rifled,  so  must  the  fountains  of  our  knowleage  be  pure.  When 
a  correct  religion  and  nlorality  are  so  taught  as  to  prevade  the 
minds  of  the  mass,  the  moral  atmosphere  will  bo  wholesome;  and 
should  infidelity  or  Immortality  exist  there  at  all,  it  will  be  in' a 
fornl  so  feeblfe,  that  its  flickerings  of  life  will  but  prove  the  moral 
healthfulness  of  tbo  climate,  and  its  in  congeniality  to  vice. 

From  the  existence  of  a  firm,  healthy  executive  government 

.  will  emanate  a  pciiticd  atmosphere  so  pure,  that  dem'agogueiam 

can  scarcely  maintain  even  a  si(^kly  vitality ;  whilst,  in  its  absence, 

corruption  and  peculation  infept  every  breath,  and  the  whole 

body  politic  becomes  diseased  and  bloated. 

."  So,  Mx.  Pjrasiden^,.fltm8t  )ie  b^t.  pinje  th^  .noiguri^ea  of  our  pjp- 
fessioaal  atmoapdiere.  S^boo^a  i;nnst  be  .eAtal^I^ed^and  tM^ 
chairs  filled  with  professors  of  high  moral,  as  well  as  professional 
worth— by  men  who.  look  more  to  the  advancement  of  science  and 
the  good  of  community^,  than  to  th^  pecuniary .ptofit  of  their  in- 
vestment—by professors  who  will  impress  upon  the  student  the 


15 

.  impoftaot  fwt,  that  qoAokeiy  as  often  ezista  nndar  cover  of  a  <)i. 
ploma^as  under  the  dogiua  of  a  Tbompaoniao,  or  ibe.  feeble 
yagariea  of  HaQiieiBaQ---tiiat  bift  diploma  ia  lees  an  honor  io  him 
than  an  appeal  from  bis  ahna  mater  that  be  will  booor  her. 

Our  medical  societlHaiiMt  bek^ptnp.  We  must  each  ooti- 
trilmte  bte  mite  of  kwowledge  to  the  general  fnnd,  fbr  the  beM&t 
of' others,  and  these  oontribntionB  mnet  be  pnblisbed  fbr  the 
benefit  of  all. 

feut  ami  met  with  the  objection  that  meetings  cannot  be  hold, 
our  proceedings  published,  and  schools  established  and  maintain- 
ed without  money  f  Gentlemen,  there  is  not  in  the  Union  a  State 
with  an  educational  fund  so  large  in  proportion  to  the  objects 
calling  for  its  investment,  as  that  in  which  we  live.  "We  cannot 
reach  it  ?  We  have  never  tried.  Brodie,  one  of  our  greiat  lead- 
ers, tells  us  that  ^*  a  thorough  determination  to  attain  an  object  is 
the  first  step  towards  its  attainment";  and  I  entertain  a  more  lib- 
eral opinion  of  our  liegislators  and  dnr  University  Regents,  than 
to  suppose  that  when  this  great  question  is  proplerly  laid  befote 
them,  they  will  deny  to  ns  the  small  sum  necessary  to  place  upibnr 
a  footing  of  usefnlness  that  branch  of  education  on  wUch  depends 
the  health,  the  happiness,  the  life^aye,  aS'  the  dearest  temporal 
interests  of  community. 

If,  then,  we  would  apply  an  effectual  remedy  to  quackery,  we 
should  begin  now,  by  keeping  not  only  ourselves  qualified  '*lo 
shine  before  men,"  but  by  laying  a  foundation  for  the  proper 
qnaliflcation  of  thesis  who  are  to  succeed  us  in  this  im|>orlaht  call- 
■  ing.  Let  ever/'legislator  be  approached  im  this  subject.  S'iAt 
.show  him  afew  of  the  many  inconsistenoies  of  this  statate  beoiOB. 
Fotnt  oBl  to  faim  tho/liberal  provisions  ihera  mlsde  to  protect  ns 
itgainit  4he  pnrebaae  of  Imi  vMshmfj'^ildX  the  lives  .ai^  heaUi^ 
«iid  bffaea  kmn  Pep«tetion  of  fianiliea  toe*  eiLtraated  to  ttie  mei^ 
^ftheripuNraai'aBdsftepeanasyiwader  .of  clrtiga  and  medieaate. 
SlUHT  bdm^ith  idbai  tmwWifiBBeteritj  )^^h^  pipvidedforitke 
pvnriiBdsat of  himiNrho^  by  eoutterfeUing  the penojiortbe  dhriDC^ 
would  cheat  us  of  a  single  farthing,  whilst  complacently  he  looks 


16 

on,  and  proTidet  no  panishment  for  him  who,  pretending  to  a 
knowledge  of  the  deep  mjBterieB  of  dieeaie,  oonntetfeits  the  phj- 
sidan,  and  cheats  ns  of  onr  health  and  onr  lires. 

Bat  what  claims  can  onr  profeenon  nrge  to  die  proteetion  and 
favor  of  the  state  ?  Claims^  the  bare  thought  of  which  swells  the 
bosom  of  every  lover  of  onr  science  with  pride  and  enltation^and 
1  love  to  recount  them.  Whilst  the  states  are  paying  their  teas  of 
thousands  annually  for  the  reports  of  their  State  Botanists,  Miner- 
alogists, Oeologists,  and  Naturalists,  with  what  pride  do  we  com- 
pare their  meagre  products  with  those  furnished  to  the  world  by 
onr  profession,  for  no  other  price  than  the  gratification  of  their  own 
love  of  science  and  humanity  ?  For  examples,  it  is  unnecessary  to 
go  beyond  the  precincts  of  our  own  country ;  but  I  refer  for  botani- 
cal research  to  our  Bigelows,  Barton,  Torrey,  Short,  Beck,  Lee, 
Davis,  Thompson,  Mead,  Kirtland,  and  many  scores  of  othen, 
whose  works  are  the  foundations  of  the  reports  of  all  onr  State 
Botanists. 

In  Mineralc^,  I  begin  by  a  reference  to  the  venerable  Dr.  Mit- 
chell, of  New  York,  author  of  the  Mineralogical  Hiatoxy  of  New 
York,  and  founder  of  the  first  State  Mineralogical  Bqdetj  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic.  From  the  long  list  of  illustriousauthors  who 
follow  him,  I  select  only  the  names  of  £mmons,  Jackson,  Silli- 
man  and  Dana,  Bogers,  Drusie,  Lock,  Owen  and  onr  own  Perci* 
val,  any  one  of  whom  has  done  more  for  the  science  of  Mineralogy 
than  all  the  State  Mineralogists  and  Geologists,  as  such,  since  the 
offices  were  first  created. 

But  I  pass  to  another,  and  perhaps  more  important  cUus  of  our 
claims.  What  has  the  profession  done  for  the  preservation  of 
health  and  the  prolongation  of  life ! 

In  reviewing  these,  time  will  not  permit  us  to  dwell  oa  tiie  ^- 
Tantages  resulting  from  Harvey's  great  discovery  of  the  circula- 
tion of  the  blood— from  that  greater  discoveiy  by  whidi  Jemier 
disarmed  the  small  pox  of  its  terrors,^  nor  frau  the  nuuiy  reforBU 
which  we  have  introduced  into  the  practice  of  Hygiene;  but  it 
driVes  us  on  to  the  queatioii.— How  ftr  have  all  these  disoorenea 


lum  be  made  the  home  of  thta  clasd  of  children.  And  therefore, 
the  buildiogs  are,  and  of  necessity  must  be,  constructed  with  re- 
fei  0Qce  to  tbeoe  inaportant  facts. 

The  inetitution  must  be  tIie«homo  of  the  deaf  mnte  pupils.  The 
guperintendent  assume  the  capacity  and  responsibility  of  parent, 
and  the  papili  beeome  brothers  and  eistiers.  Here  they  must  live 
and  attend  school,  go  to  cbnrch,  and  also  here  they  ought  to  learn 
sonae  nseful  trade  or  occapation,  enitably  preparing  them  to  enter 
upon  the  bunoess  of  life  with  a  fair  prospect  of  earning  a  liveli- 
hood and  becoflQing  osefnl  members  of  society. 

2.  Intimately  connected  with  the  above  conclusion  is  this,  that 
the  system  of  education  sh6nld  be  complete  in  all  its  parts,  adapt- 
^  to  the  constitution  and  wants  of  humanity.  Man  is  constitu- 
tionally amoral,  intellectual  and  animal  being,  and  the  correspond- 
ing, wants  are  religion,  intelligence  and  bodily  comforts.  Educa- 
tion, in  its  fnll  and  appropriate  sense,  consibts  in  developing  die 
whole  mac  in  symmetrical  proportion,  preparing  him  to  act  in  his 
several  spheres  efficiently  and  as  the  creator  designed. 

So  far  as  we  know,  the  religious  and  intellectual  branches  of 
education  are  united  in  the  various  institutions  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb  in  the  United  States. 

But  here  some  of  them  stop ;  the  mechanical  or  manual  depart- 
ment is  omitted.  But  all  acknowledge  their  importance,  at  least 
this  is  the  case  at  Columbus. 

We  would  recommend  that  the  board,  at  an  early  day  as  possi- 
ble, adopt  one  or  more  of  the  mechanical  trades  as  a  part  of  the 
education  of  the  male  pupils.  Amongst  them  coopering  and  cab- 
inet^making  stand  fiist.  The  cooper  shop  at  the  Indiana  institute 
made  clear  of  all  cost  over  $160  the  present  year.  It  is  not,  how- 
ever, the  profit  that  should  be  exclusively  taken  into  the  account — 
it  ibould  be  instituted  even  if  it  did  not  pay  in  dollars  and  cents, 
for  the  acquire  ment  of  a  trade  only  is  a  branch  of  education  that 
•hould  in  no  case  be  omitted. 

8.  With  regard  to  our  own  state  iDstitution,  though  in  its  in- 
fancy, still  after  visiting  others  of  riper  jearSi  and  examining  near- 

8 


18 

ly  all  the  plans  of  the  variona  iBBtitntioiiB  in  the  conntrj,  'we  feel 
some  degree  of  pride  in  knowing  that  so  far  as  onra  is  constructed 
and  pnt  into  operation  it  is  nearly  all  that  conld  hayebeen  desired, 
and  more  than  could  have  been  expected,  considering  the  drcnm- 
siances  and  limited  means  the  trustees  have  labored  under.  Ita 
economy  of  arrangement  and  the  beauty  of  architecture,  consider- 
ing the  cost,  is  not  probably  surpassed  by  any  similar  institution 
in  America.  During  our  visit  we  have  received  some  important 
hints  that  will  materially  assist  the  future  opperations  in  building, 
heating,  cooking,  &c.  Still  the^lan  is  in  the  main  pronounced  by 
excellent  judges  as  very  good,  and  the  order  of  architecture  unsur- 
passed. We  are  warranted  in'saying  that  when  the  entire  edifice 
is  erected  and  completed  it  will  be  just  what  is  needed  and  an 
honor  to  the  state* 

We  would  also  say  that  so  far  as  we  are  capable  of  judging, 
the  ability  with  which  your  Institution  is  conductedunder  the 
supervision  of  L.  H.  Jenkins,  its  present  superentendent,  it  will 
compare  favorably  with  either  the  Indiana  or  the  Columbus 
institutes.    ; 

H.  HUNT,Oh'n. 


f 


19 
REPORT  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL. 


T9  t/i4i  TvM^te^  (jf  ihs  Wifioondn,  InHii^tum  for  the  Eimeatiovi 
..'  .  ,1      .      .  ^  th^  \DeQf  and  Ihmb,  *    ■ 

€tai!mJBKfl^r*-*^Ttifeye«r  just  doeed  terminates  the  first  year  of 
my-labni^  as'Ptindipal  6t  tlii^  Institntion.  It  has  been  a  year  em- 
photieally.ol^  pjobdeT  lalxH-d^  a  year  fratight  with  many  solicitudes; 
but  a  year  to^  wfaiob  laintook  back  in  after  life  as  one  in  wfaitih, 
witbyourBAl9t*8,lbore'  a  pfirt  in  establishing  the  discipline  and 
ordmtxyf  an^inMSitatloit- wbioh  MH  continte  to  impart  intelli<rence 
ani  Ii^pliiess  to  mMtny  anf  unfortunate  mute,  when  we  as  inditi- 
duills  sfaajli  be'forg^tten.  >'  ^  >      ' 

Se  Wlo  ia^talto  i' td  take  the  direction  of  a  State  Institution  in 
itBiafa)te^)  aiilel-supflto  ^  work  of  great  responsifiility.  The  spirit 
he  iifapaits  to  its>  aff^iirs  for  years  will  exert  an  influence.  The 
modes  of  jyfocudnro  '^hich  he  is  instrumental  in  adopting  will  be- 
conus  (Ireeedents  wMcli  wUl  exert  a  binding  influence  upon  its  af- 
faim,a»d  Will' either:  retard  or  facilitate  its  usefulness.  If  a' lax 
atate  of  discipline  be  permitted  tn  the  infancy  of  institution  it  on- 
ly paYei*tUe'W«y  for  fiiture  troubles  and  difficulties.  On  the  con- 
trary, if  obbdiehce  io  law  be  enforced,  and  respect  fbr  authority 
inculcated^  the  hap^  effsct  is  seen  in  the  order  of  the  instlti^ion, 
and  in  'tbe  good  character  of  its  graduates.  These  principles  ftp- 
ply  to;tUe  tnimiigeaient  of  any  literary  institution,  but  they  apply 
witb  stfU  ^ater  force  ta  the  management  of  a  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institiilml,  #h0ee  pupils  with  a  few  exceptions  liare  been' subjected 
to  li|ij|a  ornt)  diaoipline  before  etntoring  the  instftutfon.  The  Prin- 
cipal was  fortunate  in  securing  the  co-operation  of  ft  Board  of' 
TnifiMaMtyiaiatmoed  by  anob  oofisideratlons,  adopted  a  body 
of  MlHibfe^ilBigoiUmiiient,  ^9fhQ%B  ^officiKsy  bad  b^eb  dembnsthited 
in  the  institutions  of  the  older  states.    The  wisdom  of  their  adep- 


20 

iion  has  alreadj  been  seen  in  the  marked  change  that  has  takea 
place  in  the  deportment  of  the  pupils;  a  change  which  has  been 
observed  not  only  by  their  instructors  bnt  by  the  commanity.  If 
the  deaf  and  dumb  conld  make  no  advancement  in  literature,  but 
€otild  only  be  improved  in  their  personal  habits,  and  in  their  con* 
formity  to  the  rules  of  good  society,  an  effort  at  such  improvement 
would  be  worthy  of  the  labor  it  demands.  This  Institution  bat 
enjoyed  a  rantage  ground  in  this  respect,  having  thus  availed  it- 
self of  the  rules  that  have  been  proved  by  long  experience  to  bo 
BO  well  adapted  to  deaf-mute  education.  The  beneficial resaHs^ 
ready  exhibited,  are  but  a  tithe  of  what  will  yet  be  soen^  for  by 
them  we  will  be  ena,bled  to  avoid  rocks  and  qaiaksands,  wUeh 
embarra^ed  the  early  instiiictors  of  the  deaf  and  diimU 

As  soon  as  possible  after  oaterii^g  upou;  my  <luties,  I  visited^ 
with,  several  of  the  pnpils,  prominent  places  in  the  Slate^  fom  th« 
purpose  of  eikihiiwg  the  method  of.  instroctioA  And  calling  th% 
attention  of  the  public  to  the  subject  of  deaf-mulie  edueatioa,  I 
shall  ev^r  remember  the  kind  reception  which  was  .exteadod  ta 
us  by  his,  Excellency  Governor  W.  A.  Barsliow,  and  the  deep  iir 
terest  ne  manifested  in  the  subject  of  d^af-mute  education.  In 
every  place  where  I  presented  the  sub^^ti  they  were  impressed 
with  thc)  conviction  that  the  State  should  place  its  bene^ol^nt  ia- 
stitutioDs  upon  no  ephemeral  basis,  but  i»h<mlid  afford  them  aid 
commensurate  with  -their  n^cessitiQs; 

I  have  to,  record  the  Iobjs  tlie  Iiistitutiion.hSB  sustained  iathsi 
resigfi^tion  of  J^r.  F*  K«  Fb^nij;,  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trut- 
tees^ond  its  former ,  Se^cretary.  The  resigtitation  of  Me.  l^hoNiiz 
was  Qcca9to^§4  by  h^s  removal  ,to,a  »i$tar  State.  HiS'  eerfpicaarto. 
the, lostf tuition  haye  b^en  rnost vsiluabla.  Ha  .contribated  the 
beajitijfi^l;  site.ai)  w^ifji  .jt  is. located.  Ho  shared  wlhth^othet 
meicbers  of  the  .B<>ard  iu  the  piouiser  labors  of  its  establi^b«D9nt, 
and  he^l\yajs  i;ei](dor|sd  to  the  Principal  iUs  most  effieiant  sjnipa* 

T^jjO^rvifea  9f  frof.  Hiram  PhiUipe,  a  daaf  rnula^ 
has ^«iei^,^i^a4  iPs  t}^a  i^teUecti^A)  dapSrtmenL    Ha  ys  « | 


21 

of  tbd  Ohio  In8titnf0  for  the  Deaf  and  I)Dinb|  and  whi^e  (E)^iHi0«ted 

.    with  it  WAS  distingDishecl  among  his  class  mates  for  his.pi^ei^iicj 

inhiVstadiea.    Mr.  Hnbbell  who  was^superinteQ^^i^tof  )thaitln- 

.  atitiiUon  for  orer  a  period  of  tweatj  years,  (has  ep^ksofjUio}: 

**I  consider  him  number  one,  or  about  that,  of  all  IP^./pupils, 

i  .S^d^f  ^8  of  the  Ohio  Deaf  and  Dumb  I^stUvUiQn  "  .  .Xheil^ta  Rev* 

J.  Addison  Gary,  for  nineteen  years  aprpf^ssor  in  the^J^^jvi  YDrk 

Institution    and    also   Superintendent  of  the  OhiQ  JaBjtitutton 

. ,  recommeBded   him    48   a. suitable    person    for   pk,.I])struotor 

and  remarked  of  hiui^  that  he  was  oua  of  the  abl^t  ,oi!^8 

with  whom  he  had  been  acquainted.    Inatructoi's^Q.athliii  Xnatftn- 

.  tionawill  know  his  qualifieatloi^B,  wl^n  I  sfiy  tli(^  IVQi.OfPit.  with 

^,  ease  read  and  enjoy  the  staodard  worlds  of  English  Jiterf^tiire*    jECe 

^entered  qpon  liis  duties  at  th^  commencement  of  th^:pi:e§eat.(!erin| 

^  .  in  September  last^  and  has  fully  equalled  theqpinip^sj  i^ad  f<Mrm- 

^  ;ed  m  ra'vpect  to  his  fitness  fur  the  responsible  positipnoC  W  l^ptno- 

tor.    The  most  important  requsite  for  a  mute  .i^frtjrM^r,  aJ^er 

moral  character,  is  such  aa  acquaintance  with  the:!^)DgjK«h;j^- 

gu^ge  as  to  be  able  to  understand  its  idromatic  str(^ato^,,i^ai(l  use 

.^   i^  witih  grammatical  corjreQtUiess,    Those  who  havo  aev0p*attempt- 

;  ed  to  t^ch  the  English  language  t9  a  .o^ute  or  to  a  fonejgBCir  hire 

a  yery  slight  idea  of  ils  idioo^tic  di^oolt;ieQ,    A  Aiute  teaicbfrs* 

knowledge  of  the  English  lai^gMage  should  be  sq  perf«eli  tbnt'he 

conld  converse  in  i,t  with  ease,  and  with  such  easey  Ib^t  Jiis  )^^0)Qld 

prefpr  it  to  the  sign  l«Bgi;»a|ie.    fie  aliould  tbos  ma^'^u^e,.^  alan- 

pal  alphabet  in  couT^raation^  it^ore.tl^pn  that  pf  tb^  jiai^{Qag:i^  of 

signs,  and  by  his  example,  the  pupils  would  be.  stimultfted^to  the 

•daily  use  ot  the  words  they  had  acquired  in  t^ieir  s^r«ral  olaafes, 

and  would  thus  make  far greatar  pro^cieney  in.  tfa|e  aoqujsijtioi^.  and 

knc^wledge  of  the  language  by  which  alone  they  cau  have^mmu- 

nicatiqn  with  the  community  aupoiig  whom  their  lot  mai^  be  oast 

allter  leaving  the  Institution. 

A  small  number  of  books  have  been  procured  for  the  ^ooiweuco- 
j^ieutof -a  library  for  the  institution. .  These  books  I  hope  will  be 
itie  nucleus  of  a  library  which  will  increase  with  the  wants  oi  the 


insiitatioii.  I  regard  it  of  importance  that  there  be  connected 
with  the  inBtitntion,  a  library  selected  with  special  reference  to 
tfa0  wMtfl  of  the  iDBtractros  and  their  pnpih.  To  the  former  thej 
'  wiU  afford  means  for  the  illustration  of  the  lessons  to  the  class,  and 
to  the  latter  they  will  be  a  constant  stimtilbs  in  the  acqnisitioil  of 
ktiQwledge. 

*  Pb^ils  are  frequently  sent  to  institutions  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dat&b,  whose  physical  or  mental  condition  is  such  that  thej  can 
receive  no  benefit  from  the  course  of  instruction  pursued  in  shch 
institutions.  It  is  often  difficult  to  itscertain  either  by  letter  or 
even  personal  inquiry,  whether  every  applicant  is  a  stii table  one. 
Besides  many  whose  first  appearance  is  not  prepossessing,  after- 
wards are  much  improved.  Tlie  only  rule  concerning  such  appli- 
cants that  seems  to  be  impartial,  is  to  permit  all  the  privilege  of  a 
trial,  and  if  it  is  found  that  they  cannot  be  benefitted,  to  have 
them  returned  to  their  homes.  The  pupils  have  been  returned  to 
ih^  homes  whom  we  have  not  been  able  to  benefit.  If  there  be 
any  difficult  duty  for  me  to  perform,  and  one  from  the  perforraanoe 
of  which  I  would  be  excused,  it  is  to  return  a  pupil  to  its  pArents^ 
informing  them  it  cannot  be  educated.  The  conr^^e  of  that  I  have 
pnrsaed  is  analagous  to  that  pursued  by  the  principals  of  (»ther 
'  institutions  like  our  own.  The  President  of  the  New  York  insti- 
tution thus  Temarks  in  the  twenty-ninth  annual  report  cf  that  in- 
stitution,  upon  this  subject:  ^^Buch  cases  not  untrequently  occur. 

'  Children  are- sometimes  sent  to  ue,  whom,  on  trial,  we  find  to  be 
dumb,  not  from  deafness,  but  from  defective  intellect:,  whfle  a  few 
who  aroj  actually  deaf,  have  other  infirmities  superadded,  that 

'  tealce  their  stay  in  the  institution  detrimental  to  it  without  benefit 
to  theioselves.    The  appropriate  object  of  our  insrirntion,  is  to  de- 

'>  f  elope  and  cultivate  the  minds  of  those  who,  by  the  congenital  or 
accidental  loss  of  hearing,  and  by  that  loss  aK»ne  have  been  cut  off 
from  tbe  ordinary  sources  of  knowledge.  Derangements  erf  the 
mental  functions,  or  ot  the  nervous  system,  are  entirely  out  of  our 
province.*' 
The  good  health  that  has  J)revailed  among  the  pupfis  the  past 


28 

year,  is  s  great  leaBon  fbr  thankfalness  to  ottr  kind  Hoavenlj 
Father.  There  has  been  no]  critical  case  of  sickness.  Freqnent 
cases  of  indisposition  hare  occurred,  as  must  always  be  the  case 
among  snch  a  number  of  pupils,  but  they  are  generally  reliered 
by  timely  remedies  and  attentions  from  those  to  whose  care  the 
health  of  the  pupils  is  entrusted.  Yet  it  is  our  melancholy  duty 
to  record  the  death  of  one  of  our  most  promising  pupils,  Hiss 
Helen  Hews,  of  Eagle,  Waukesha  county.  She  will  be  recollect- 
ed as  the  little  girl  with  flaxen  ringlets,  who  excited  so  much  in« 
tercet  at  the  exhibition  of  the  pupils  before  the  legislature  during 
the  last  winter.  Her  death  was  occasioned  not  by  disease,  but  by 
accident.  It  occurred  not  during  the  session  of  the  school,  but 
while  visiting  her  home  in  the  racation.  While  her  two  little 
sisters  were  playing  near  the  railroad  track,  by  her  fkther's  house, 
the  saw  a  train  of  cars  approaching  in  the  distance,  and  ran  to 
apprise  them  of  their  danger,  when  suddenly  another  train  from 
behind  struck  her,  causing  instant  death.  It  was  an  accident  for 
which  no  one  could  be  blamed,  not  eren  herself,  for  she  lost  her 
life  in  a  noble  endearor  to  sare  that  of  others.  Her  seeming  un- 
timely death  is  deplored  by  her  instructors  and  her  classmates. 
Amidst  the  activities  of  life  her  memory  will  soon  be  forgotten, 
yet  her  child-life  of  fourteen  years  was  not  altogether  useless,  for 
by  her  proficiency  in  her  studies,  her  sprightly  disposition,  and 
her  bright  appearance,  she  did  much  to  awaken  an  interest  in  the 
education  of  the  deaf  mutes  of  our  State. 

HUMBflB    OF  PUPILS* 

The  number  of  pupils  who  have  been  under  instruction  during 
the  past  year  is  thirty  one.  The  number  in  actual  attendance  at 
the  present  time  is  twenty-six.  One  of  these  is  from  the  state  of 
Illinois.  The  number  of  pupils  has  more  than  doubled  during  the 
past  year.  By  correspondence  and  pej^sonal  inquiry,  I  hare 
learned  of  quite  a  number  who  ought  to  be  under  instruction. — 
Kany  of  these  are  kept  at  home,  and  consequently  in  ignorancCi 
tor  reasons  the  most^tririal,  while  others  are  retained  from  the 


24 

feeling  bo  naturM  to.  parents^  which  dvdada  a  Mparation  from  their 
cjiildf^n*  I  have  heard  of  many  pthers  who  aire  too  young  to  en- 
ter the  iDstitutioQ,  but  who  iu  a  few  years  will  be  old  eocHigh  to 
^nj<^7.it6  advantageB,  The  niMnbpr  to  be  provided  fur  in  the  com- 
ij)g  year,  will  at  least  an^ount  to  thirty^five  or  forty.  From  the 
fact  that  the-  pupils  of  a.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institutioa  are  to  be  col- 
lected from  all  portions  of  the  state,  and  that  many  of  them  live 
in  .retired  kcalities,  the  increase  of  pupils  must  necessarily  be 
small.  Yet  in  this  respect,  this  iostitntion  dde^  not  suffer  in  oom^ 
parisou  with  that  of  othei:  iustitations  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  in 
their  infancy.  The  New  York  Iqstitation  for  the  Deaf  and  Damb 
was  opened  with  a  Qlaas  of .  only  four  pupUsi^ind  the  number  has 
increased^  until  now  it  has  become  a  school  of  orer  two  hundxed 
and  sixty  pupils.  Hr.  H.  N.  JSubbell,  Esq.,  the  former  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Ohio  Institution,  has  kindly  furnished  me  with  the 
following  account  of  the  infancy  of  that  institution. 

"I  commenced  teaching  in  October,  1829,  if  I  ri^tly  recollect^ 
ipd  all  the  pi^pils  I  oonld  get  together  to  begin  with,  after  six 
months  advertising  in  the.papers  were  three  pupils,  and  this  waa 
two  or  three  weeks  after  we  should  have  begun,  not  one  having 
made  his  appearance  at  the  day  appointed,  y\z :  the  Ist  of  Octo- 
ber. One  of  the  three  was  idiotic.  Another  died  insane  in  our 
County  InfiriBary,  after  having  been  at  the  Institution  a  number 
of  years.  Only  one  of  the  first  made  a  man — this  was  Mr.  Fien- 
niken.  He  lives  a  few  miles  from  Columbus,  and  sometimes  vis- 
its the  Institution  with  his  wife,  who  is  deaf  and  dumb.  The- 
whole  number  who  came  in  the  firetyear  was  nine.  These  drop- 
ped in  one  after  another  during  the  year.  The  second  year  we  bad 
eighteen  or  twenty.  The  third  year,  twenty  five  to  thirty,  increaa- 
ing  some  ten  a  year  during  several  of  the  first  years."  From 
such  beginnings,  the  Ohio  Institution  has  increased  until  now  it 
numbers  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  pupils.  The  Indiana  Insti- 
tution was  established  in  1843,  twelve  years  ago,  and  now 
numbers  ©ne  hundred  and  sixty  pupils.  Wlien  we  consider  the* 
rapidity  with  which  our  state  is  increasing  in  pppulation,.the  dwp* 


'    36 

ilitefe^  already  mttnifesfed  in  the  sncceds  of  its  educalional  InBti- 
'  totlons,  and  the  number  of  railroads  completed  and  in  progress 
vhicb  will  bring  this  institutioh  within  a  fewhoura  ride  of  any 
portion  of  the  stare,  we  cannot  but  beheve  that  the  same  glorious 
l*areer  of  nseflilness  awaits  this  Institution  as  the  ones  to  which  we 
faave  alhided.  l*hU  being  thecase^  it  is  the  dictate  of  prudei^ce 
that  onr  plans  should  have  reference  not  merely  to  the  present 
neceflBities  of  the  Institution,  but  to  its  future  prospects. 

FiBSE  ADIObISIOK  OF  TVrtLS.  * 

,.  ■  /  » 

By  a  reference  to  the  rules  adopted  by  yourselves  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  Institution,  it  will  be  seen  that. they  proride  that 

•  *^  Afl  the  deaf  and  dumb  of  the  state,  between  the  ages  of  ten  and 

*  thirty  years,  are  entitled  to  an  education,  without  charge  for  board 
or  tuition  fn  tbis  Institution,  on  compliance  with  its  rules."  This 
places  all  the  unfortunate  deaf  and  dumb  of  the  state  upon  an 
equality  in  respect  to  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  an  education. 
It  makes  no  distinction  between  the  rich  and  the  poor,  but  consid* 
era  them  both  equally  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  the  Institutipn. 
Tliis  rule,  however,  conflicts  with  thiB  act  which  was  passed  by 
the  legislature,  incorporating  the  institution;  for  that  provides 
that  the  parents  of  the  pupils  who  possess  oieans  shall  pay  for  the 
board  and  tuition  of  their  children.    It  will  be  necessary  to  hBffe 

'  the  act  of  incorporation  amended  so  that  there  shall  be  no  conflict 
between  it  and  the  regulations  of  the  Institution.  This  question 
of  the  IVee  admission  of  pupils  excited  much  attention  in  the 
'^'Third  Convention  of  the  American  Instructors  of  the  D^af  and 
Dumb,'*  held  at  the  Ohio  Institution,  inAugu^,  1853.  A  resolu- 
tion was  unanimously  adopted,  approving  iof  the  free  education. of 
all  the  pupils  of  each  state.  The  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  111* 
inois  bar^  proilered  free  education  to  all  the  deaf  and  dnn^b  with- 
in their  limits,  and  it  is  desirous  that  Wisconsin  should  be  no  less 
^nerous  to  her  unfortunates.    Wisconsin  has  amply  provided  for 

-the  education  of  her  speaking  and  hearing  children  in  the  common 
schools  and  university  of  the  state.  From  this  .patrimony  are  the 
4 


26 

deaf  and  damb  excluded  by  tbeir  infirmitj.  Jostice  totheiQ  would 
require  that  thb  loss  be  made  up  to  them  in  some  other  form.  It 
seems  unjust  that  the  parent  of  a  deaf  ana  dumb  ohildi  wha  ia 
wealthy  and  pays  his  proportion  of  the  public  taxes  by  wliich  the 
institution  is  supported^  should  also  pay.f  >r  the  education  of  his 
child  in  the  institation,  while  the  parent  of  another  child  pays  lit 
tie  or  uo  taxes  and  then  has  his  child  educated  withoc^t  charge* 
This  seems  like  imposing  a  double  burden  upon  the  former  parents* 
The  small  amount  that  might  be  received  from  pay  pupils  wonld 
not  compensate  for  the  disadvantages  that  would  result  from  the 
existence  in  a  state  institution  of  these  two  classes  of  pufMla. — 
Mutes  possess  the  same  human  nature  as  speaking  mortals,  aid  in- 
vidious distinctions  are  very  easily  drawn  by  them^  cooceminj^ 
the  superiority  of  one  class  of  pupils  above  the  other  In  the 
practical  workings  of  an  institution  it  is  important  that  such  things 
should  be  avoided.    Besides,  if  such  a  distinction  be  made,  some 

'  parents  who  may  be  able  to  support  their  child  away  from  hooie, 
may  not  think  themselves  thus  able  and  the  unfortunate  child  will 
grow  up  in  ignorance.  With  free  admission  it  is  found  difficult 
to  collect  in  the  mutes  from  the  different  parts  of  the  stute.  How 
much  more  difficult  would  it  be  if  this  distiction  be  allowed.  In 
relation  to  this  point,  Mr.  Eerr,  Principal  of  the  Missouri  Instita- 
lion  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  at  the  convention  to  which  allusioa 
has  been  made,  said  '^  when  he  attempted  to  get  up  a  school  in 
Missouri  with  this  distinction,  he  worked  months  to  get  only  three 
scholars.    He  went  to  the  Attorney  General  and  said  if  the  disrioe- 

^  tion  between  pay  and  state  pupils  was  really  in  the  law  i^  was  ia 
vain  to  try  to  get  up  a  school.    It  was  agreed  to  receive  all  with- 

.  out  distinction,  l^h^  scholars  (hen  came  in  rapidly.  He  went  to 
,  the  legislature  and  asked  an  appropriation,  and  thirty  thousand 
dollars  was  made  for  a  suitable  building  and  other  appropriAlions 
would  follow,"  From  tliese  considerations  I  think  that  all  the 
deaf  and  dumb  ot  the  state  should  be  entitled  to  free  admission  ia- 
to  this  Institution^  and  that  an  amendment  be  made  to  the  act  of 
incorporation. 


27 

SMPLOTHBirr  OF  pupna. 

..   ,  I  ^ould  Qfge  upon  your  attention  the  proprietj  of.  introducing 

,  Bfk^  ^qa  as  practicable,  a  mechanical  department  aa  an  eseential 

•part' of  the  Ajatem  of  inatraction.    The  proper  educ^^n  of  the 

deaf  and  damb  coDtemplates  a  developtaent  of  all  their  powers. 

To  this  end  instruction  in  various  handicrafts  has  been  introdace4 

in  nearly  all  the  American  Institutions.    The  benefits  to  be  de- 

riv:e4  from  sndh  a  department  of  instruction    are  self-evident. 

Habitsof  industry  would  be  promoted,  skill  in  the  nbe   of  tools 

.    woqld  he  acquired,  and  many  moments  otherwise  loat  wimM  be 

pro^bly  employed.    More  than  this  it  wonld  furnish  to  tnany  of 

4he  papils  a  means  of  support  after  leaving  the  institution.    The 

time  to  be*  ^mptoyed  in  each  a  department  should  be  regulated  so 

as  not  to  encroach  upon  the  ho«ra  allotted  to  study  or  recreation, 

for  the  health  of  the  pupils,  and  their  advancement  in  knowledge 

should  be  considered  asiof  the  first  importance. 

Itjs  the  settled  policy  of  the  older  institntiims  to  have  a  me* 
chtnioal  department,  as  an  essential  part  of  the  system  of  instmc- 
tien^  No  Institution  is  complete  without  this  department  It  has 
^Iso  been  demonstrated  that  after  the  erection  of  neeessafy  build- 
ings and  a  supply  of  material,  very  little  expense  attends  this  de- 
partment In  some  of  the  trades,  as  that  of  coopering,  there  hhs, 
in,  the  Indiana  Idstitntion,  a  profit  been  realised.  In  the  Yiiginia 
IhatitatiQn,  I  notice  that  they  are  not  a  diarge  npon  the  finanees 
of  the  institution.  It  is  unquestionable  that  some  trades  oinld^ 
introd^c#d  that  would  not  materially  increase  tiie  etpbuses  of  the 
insti^tiom.  Of  their  utility  as  a  part  of  the  system  of  instractien, 
ft  ere  14  no  qnebtiofi  among  the  varions  instructors  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb.  Amrag  th^  male  pupils  of  this  institution  th^^  are  maby 
lw^o,attli«|  moment  should  be  receiving  instruction  in  some  useful 
tradp.  A  mechanical  department  could  be  introduced  at  this  tiAie 
as  well  aa  at  a  later  period.  From  the  fact  that  the  pupil  can  sp0bd 
only  a  short  period  of  each  day  in  receiving  instmctibn  id  thiade- 
pfirtment^  it  is  for  his- benefit  that  it  be  introduced  as  soon  aa  |>rac- 
iicable. ,  .  .  ' 


28 

From  these  coDsiderations  I  would  respectfnllj  suggest  the  pro* 

prietj  of  receiving  from  the  legistatare,  an  appropmtiun  for  the 

ereetioQ  of  toitable  workshops,  in  which  to  prosecute  vnch  trades 

as  the  expertCFnee  of  other  institations  have  demonstrated  to  be 

*  the  most  suitable. 

HOHB  EDUCATION  OF  TOE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

It  of  the  greatest  importance  that  something  be  done  at  home 
for  ibe  edncation  of  a  chiid  before  it  reaches  the  age  prr^per  to  be 
adttiittcd  into  an  institution.  It  is  snrprisiugwhatasmall  niAn* 
ber  of  those  admitted  as  pnpils,  have  bad  any  instrno  ion  at  home. 
A  few  psfrenta  have,  indeed,  taoght  their  children,  before  bringing 

'  fhem  to  the  inetitntion,  to  form  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  and 
write  tiie .  names  of  simple  objects.  The  contrast  between  such 
children  and  those  permitted  to  grow  up  witliont  any  mstniction 
at  home,  is  most  striking.    Their  mental  facnhies  are  thus  awak** 

'  ened,  and  their  progress  at  school  is  much  more  rapid  than  those 
who  have  had  no  previous  training.  MecU  can  be  done  by  everj 
parent,  if  they  will  only  make  the  e^^rt,  and  perservena  in  a  daily 

'•effort  to  teach  it  something.     What  parent  is  there  that  does  mot 

•lave  its  nnfortnnate  child  eneugh  to  devote  an  hour  of  each  day 
;tO  such  a  work?    But  how  shall  I  proceed  in  the  inquiry  t 

First,  let  the  parent  learn  himself,  and  then  learn  the  child,  tiie 
asannal  alphabet,  by  which  the  letters  are  represented  by  the 

.  hand. 

Then  let  the  parent  or  friend  write  the  following  simple  words 
on  a  slate,  having*  the  child  obsen^e  bow  he  forms  each  lettl&r,  viz : 
ads,  fen^  map,  cow,  box,  jar,  sky,  hat,  quilK  glove.    These  lien 

;  little  words  comprise  all  the  letters  of  the  alphab^^ 

Ihen  show  him  a  pieture  of  each  of  the  objects  represented  by 

>  4ke  words,  or  show  him  the  object  itself,  having  bitn'' spell  each 
%ord  with  his  fingers,  or  write  it  on  the  slate^  as  the  object  is  p^ 
aooted  to  his  mind. 

Having  thoroughly  taD^l^  him  to  write  and  spell  these  ten  words, 
then  teach  him  the  names  of  familiar  objects  about  the  house,  and 


29 

the  names  of  his  parents  and  relatives ;  afterwards  perform  yariqus 
acttbns  and  have  the  chfld  write ont  the  names  of  sucli  actions. 

A  pystein  of  "signs  "wilf  spontaneously  arise  between  the  parent 
andthe  child  by  which  they  will  try  to  express  ideas.  This  will 
be  of  pervice  If  carS  be  taT<on  to  always  make  the  same  sign  for 
one  ohjk'Ct,  and  not  have  t\^o  signs  for  the  same  thing.  Such  a 
couYiie  as  this  will  require  the  exertion  of  mnch  patience,  but  it 
will  be  repaid  a  thousand  fold  in  the  self  respect  that  will  be  im- 
paited  to  the  child,  and  its  preparation  to  reap  all  the  advantages 
of  the  course  of  Instruction  of  an  institutign. 

MOBAX  IMPROVEMESfT  OF  THE  DBAF  AND  DVHB.  . 

The  crowning  excellence  of  an  institution  for  the  the  education 
of  the  deaf  and  dumb  Is  the  marked  change  it  effects  in  the  moral 
character  of  its  pupils. .  Speaking  children  from  their  earlieai  in-» 
fan^jr,  are  accustomed  to  hear  moral. distinctoQs  drawo  by:  tb^ 
parept^  at  the  fire  aide,  by  the  differept  religious  instructors  of  the 
community,  and  the  jiulicial  tribunals  of  ihe  state.    Besides  this^ 
they,  are  subjected  to  the.  restraining  inflaeqipes  of  pubUc  opinion^ 
and  tbe,r^finements  an^d  amenities  of  social  life;    The  deaf  .and 
dumb  fyi  m  their  infiriuity  i|re  e^jpeluded  from  the  infl^ence  of  th^se .    . 
great.mi>ral  educs^tovs.    If,  plunged  into  the  dafkaess  of  p^ganiam 
theirmeral  couditiuii  poal^  \>Qnq  le$9  deplorable.  It^  not  strange 
then,  that  when  first  brought  to  an  iii8^it;al|iop^  (heir  tempera  ar6 . 
often  foiiMd  e^CitfedLng|y,f^mrava^d^bo.(h  from,  ignorance  4Qd  nn*!' 
due.indulge^ce*    I  ai:p  hf  ppy  tp.fejpart^A  jn^lieiiii^prpTi^m^nt  i9>    / 
the  deportment  and  moral  ctiar^(er  of  tt^e^pppile..  ThjSrHqiproFe-.  . ) 
ment  h^s  bet^n  effected  ixom  .th^  in,tradncti^A.pf*  tbi?  tiswl  disfir-    { 
pUnwyrae^sc9Ai«w)if:to.oji,hejr  Am^ificw^  ;Q.myw^..  u 

however^ia  too  short  a  period  ia  whfc)i  Xo  d^mpii^^9^i^^\^e^,YfA^^J    r 
for  bad  teqiper^  and  bad  faat))iU^iwlj|iqh.Aije^\ie  gPWt^fiS !j§9^)Qi^  - 
ignorwi(?evaadw;epo);^  bfJie^jHifS^^^  .-    ■    .    t    ■ 

Mr.  J^9Qb«H  pi:in<yjjpl,9f,%  Bilw^plW-Wsl^Monii;'?*  AqI^      ) 
lowing  example  of,  the  .bqi;€^i^<yoi;  tj^.pjj^  oj^ivfifitfiL  A^9Mi ;.  >-. 
dumb  institntion,— the  li^pa^pft  ^e,ctfjep,exliilji^^  ui.ft^VA?«*iit»*  a 
tiont:        .;,     ,      ^.    .;  .; 'J     .-./t  •.-;     •.;*•./':.     '*•,;*•     •  •.■  .-u- 


80 

^'^  We  have  jnst  dismissed  a  joaDg  woman  who  was  a  child  ^u 
or  eleven  jears  old  when  she  entered  the  iastitatioD,  nuaraiabl^ 
and  ungovernable  in  the  highest  degree.  Her  unhappj  disposition^ 
aggravated  hj  the  vanity  of  personal  beauty,  was  proof  against 
all  instruction,  reproof  and  discipline,  until  during  the  laat  yefir 
of  her  term.  It  at  last  melted  down  and  vanished  under  the  aweet 
influences  of  moral  and  religious  instruction.  During  the  past  ses- 
sion, she  was  a  model  to  her  companions  in  industry,  attentipn^ 
gratitude  and  amiable  conduct,  and  gained  the  love  of  her  teach- 
ers to  whom  she  had  previously  been  only  an  object  of  sympathy 
and  lorbearance." 

▲GE  OF  ADHISSIOlf  OF  PUPIU9. 

In  the  education  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  I  consider  it  of  the 
greatest  importance  that  they  be  placed  under  instraction  at  an 
early  age.  The  rules  of  this  institution  admit  them  when  they 
have  attained  the  age  of  ten  years.  They  should  not  be  kept 
away  from  the  institution  till  a  later  period  than  that  fixed  npon 
by  the  rules,  which  in  this  respect,  are  the  same  as  in  most  of  the 
Amierican  Institutions.  The  New  York  Institution  admits  them 
between  the  ages  of  twelve  and  twenty-five.  Sometimes,  how- 
ever, a  discretion  k  exercised,  and  in  some  cases  tiiey  are  admit- 
ted before  the  age  of  twelve  years. 

The  cburse  of  instruction  of  the  American  Institution,  extends 
from  a  period  of  from  five  to  seven  years.  It  is  therefore  impor- 
tant, that  A  pilpil  should  pursue  this  course  at  an  age,  when  his 
powers,  both  of  body  and  mind,  are  in  a  condition  to  derive  from 
it  all  of  ita  advantages.  It  is  the  opinion  of  those  who  have  de^ 
voted  inanj  years  to  the  instruction  of  diis  class,  that  befbre  the 
age  Vif  ten  years,  a  child's  powers,  both  of  body  and  mind,  are  ' 
not  sufficiently  matured  to  enter  upon  the  course  of  instruction 
comiliou  to  fhe  American  Institntiont.  The  education  of  the  'D&xt 
and  btkdkb  Is  ^e  pastime,  either  for  liie'instnictororthe  pupil.'  It 
is  a  labor,  whidi  tasks  the  physical  and  mental  energies  of  both, 
and  without  which,  there  is  no  progress.    It  is  more  advantageous. 


31 

to  fte  child  to  be  tinder  the  care  of  its  pareute,  previonB  to  the  age 
of  ten  yeare,  who  conld  render  to  it  those  attentions  that  tender 
jearg  require,  especiallj  in  the  diseases  incident  to  young  chil- 
dren!. 

The  chief  reason,  however,  why  a  pnpil  should  not  be  admitted 
beff»re  ten  years  of  age,  is  that  it  would  graduate  at  too  early  a 
period  of  life,  before  its  physical  and  mental  powers  are  sufficient- 
ly Aeteloped,  to  be  able  to  grapple  with  the  toils  incident  to  those 
industrial  pursuits  necessary  to  its  own  support.  The  object  of 
an  fastitution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  is  to  prepare  this  class 
when  they  leare  its  walls,  to  become  worthy  citizens^  who  shall 
b©  self-reliant;  and  shalt  be  able,  not  only  to  support  themselves^ 
but'to  share  with  others' in  the  privileges  and  responsibilit'es.  of 
citi^nsliip.  Tlie  pupil  is  permitted  the  privileges  of  the  Institu- 
tioD  from  five  to  seven  years.  If  he  enters  at  ten  years  of  age, 
he  will  thfNi  complete  his  education  at  the  age  of  seventeen.  He 
can  tbenreturQ  to  his  parents  and  pass  a  few  years  at  home,  and 
there  with  a  ctiltiviited  intellect,  can  gain  a  practical  experience 
of  those  mitters  pertaining  to  every  day  life,  before  attaining  hia. 
minority.  When  a  pupil  finally  leaves  the  institution,  he  is  re- 
leased from  tboeo  wholesome  restraints,  which  preserve  him  from 
many  of  the  temptations  of  childhood.  If  he  enter  the  institutioa 
at  too  early  an  age,  he  will  complete  bis  studies  and  will  be  cast 
npoo  the  world,  when  perhaps  he  is  too  young  to  resist  those  evi) 
infliteiiceB  which  would  make  shipwreck  of  that  moral  character 
wbi^b  ha»  been  developed  dnririghis  course  of  study. 

While  Ihei^e  are  few  parents  that  desire  the  admission  of  pupils 
at  too  B9t\j  an  age,  there  are  more  who  defer  their  education  till 
too  lade' a  petiod  of  life.  Of  Iheae  tvio  evils  the  latter  is  the  most 
to  hm  cMpleved.  There  is  no  anhject  that  deserves  to  be  so  well  un- 
deralaod  u'thi  eyils  rastiltiiig  ftoni  delaying  the  education  of  a. 
mutt.'  Xhey^fihosid  be  placed  under  instruction  as  soon  as  they 
attain  the  age  at  which  they  can  be*  admitted  into  an  institution. 
If  tkb  la  iht  dco^,  and  they  be  sictfered  to  remain  in '  ignorance 
lor  HfclilaAi  'or  ^wmty  'y^UrS)'  tbe'ecsperience  of  all  Ihstructora 


S2 

have  demonstrated  the  fact,  that  their  education  is  a  work  almoifc 
of  impossibility.  For  it  is  a  rule  t<>  which  there  are  hot  few  ei^cepr 
tions,  that  the  minds  of  such  have  bect)me  weakened  bjr  ioactivitj^ 
and  consequently  never  can  be  taught  to  understand  and  write 
connected  language ;  that  their  tempera  have  become  ung^ivera* 
able;  that  they  have  acquired  many  vicious  hahirs,  atratiga 
notions  and  prejudices ;  that  their  natures  have  become. very  aus- 
picious; and  that  their  animal  propensities  have  bepoiue  tue 
greatly  developed.  All  these  evils  con  be  avoided  by  Httendioi^ 
to  their  early  education.  It  is,  tberefoie^  alike  the  dictate  of  wis- 
dom and  humanity,  that  no  expense  or  efforts  should  be  iipared  bj 
the  parents  of  the  deaf  and  dumb,  by  the  state  aud  by  t)ie  trua* 
tees  and  directors  of  this  institution,  to  pecure  the  early  admit«ioa 
and  education  of  every  unfortunate  mute  within  the  limits  ot  Wia- 
consin. 

RBrrEMTION  OF  PUPILS  AT  HOMB. 

By  a  referenpe  to  the  rules  for  tl^e  admission  of  pnpil^i,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  pupil  is  to  be  brought  to  the  inatitutioii  puiiotoal* 
ly  at  the  commencement  of  each  3est)i«»iit  for  the  period  4if  fiv#^ 
years,  unless  detained  at  home  by  his  or  her  own  sicktieas.  Thero 
is  no  rule  of  the  institntion  that  is  more  ImpurtaMt  than  thia^  bolhi 
as  relates  to  the,  pupils'  advancement^  upd  the  proaperity  of  tlie 
institution  itcielf.  The  pupils  of  a  Di'af  and  Dumb  luatltatioa 
are  grouped  into  classes  according  to  their  tuleut«  and  acquire^ 
ments.  Such  is  the  peculiarity , of  the  mode  vf  inhtrutitivtit  tbat 
the  members  of  a  class  are  taught  nc/t  siu|^Iy«  but  all  at  oace ;  the 
teacher  dictating  a  sentence  or  narrutive^  an4  ail  thepnpih  priimg 
it  simultaneou^y  upon  their  slates.  Now,  if  |k  |mpil  ()e  tafdy  in 
returning  to  echool,  the  result  is,  that  )ie  falls  bthiud  hivclaia* 
mates^  and  must  either  go  into  a  lower^c^'asS)  pr  theofhef  uielakem 
of  the  class  must  be  detained  mi^il  luy;baa  c^flit  Up,  with  ibeoib 
Thus  h^  either  hinders  the  advfm^ameiJt  vf.his  olm^^iHt  attffeiH  th« 
inconvenience  of  being  yjaoed  iu  a^jo^isr  imtk  r 

It  sometimes  b^pj^e.i.s  (hat  fy^ettt*  wi^b  Uk:  |ak»  >hiH|i  claldrrift ' 
out  of  school  and  rataia  theta  %l  bme^.^^r  tlMgr  Jiaw  -tmA-  al 


APPBNinXO. 


BY-LAWS 


Article  L  The  parliamentarj  rules  of  debate  shall  be  obserred 
in  the  discnssion  and  disposition  of  all  basiness  coming  before  the 
Wisconsin  State  Medical  Society ;  and  ^'Jefferson's  Manual"  shall 
be  tbe  guide. 

Art.  n.  The  order  of  business  at  the  annual  meetings  of  thi$ 
aociety  shall  be  as  follows: 

I.  The  calling  of  the  roll. 
3.  Beading  of  the  minutes. 

3.  The  admission  of  members. 

4.  The  reports  of  the  Treasurer,  and  of  the  Secretary. 

5.  The  reading  and  consideration  of  the  reports  of  the  Stand- 
ing Committees. 

6.  The  reading  of  essays  and  reports  of  cases. 

7.  Miscellaneous  and  unfinished  business. 

8.  The  election  of  oflScers. 

9.  The  appciDting  of  Standing  Committees. 

10.  The  Presidents'  address.^ 

II.  Adjournment. 

Art.  III.  The  code  of  ethics  of  this  society  shall  have  the  fuU 
force  upon  the  members  thereof,  of  any  article  of  the  Constitution 
or  By-Laws. 

Art.  lY.  Any  member  shall  be  liable  to  censure,  suspension  r 
expulsion,  for  wilfull  neglect  of  the  rules  and  regulations  of  thia 
Society,  for  any  violation  of  our  code  of  ethics,  or  for  any  gross  or 
immoral  conduct  A  Yote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present 
shall  be  requsite  to  cesure,  suspend  or  expel. 

Sec.  2.  In  case  of  charges  being  preferred  against  any  mem- 
ber which  might  lead  to  his  censure,  suspension  or  expulsion,  the 
6 


84 

Secretary  shall  immediately  give  the  accuaed  a  written  copy  of  the 
charges,  and  state  by  whom  preferred.  The  matter  shall  then 
lie  over  nntil  the  next  annual  meetiug,  when  due  action  shall  be 
taken  thereon. 

Sec.  3.  Any  member  of  this  society  who  from^professlonal  in- 
competence, or  for  any  other  suflScient  reason  not  already  mention, 
ed,  shall  be  deemed  unworthy  of  the  fellowship  of  this  society, 
may  be  deprived  of  his  membership  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of 
the  members  present  at  any  meeting  when  action  is  taken  thereon 
as  provided  in  the  first  and  second  sections  of  this  article. 

Art.  V.  The  following  named  Standing  Committees,  each  com- 
posed of  three  members  to  be  appointed  by  the  President — except 
Uie  committee  on  pnblication,  otherwise  provided — shall  be  organ- 
ized at  every  annual  meeting,  for  preparing,  arranging  and  expe- 
diting business  for  each  ensuing  year,  and  for  carrying  ont  the 
objects  of  the  society,  not  otherwise  provided —  namely  : 

A  Committee  on  Arrangments;  a  Committee  on  Practical  Med- 
icine; a  Committee  on  Surgery;  a  Committee  on  Obsterics;  a  Com- 
mittee on  Finance,  and  a  Committee  on  Publication. 

The  Committee  on  Arrangements  shall  be  mainly  composed  ot 
members  residing  in  Madison,  if  no  sufficient  reason  prevent^  who 
shall  provide  suitable  accommodations  for  the  meetings  and  for 
memberj  from  abroad,  and  in  general  to  attend  to  the  wants  of  the 
profession  while  attending  the  meetings  of  the  society. 

The  Committee  on  Practical  Medicine  shall  make  an  annual  re- 
port, embodying  the  recent  discoveries  and  improvements  in  the 
theory  and  practice  of  medicine,  and  shall  also  give  a  history  of 
the  diseases  prevailing  endemically,  or  epidemically  in  Wisconsin, 
during  the  year  ior  which  the  committee  is  appointed. 

The  Committee  on  Surgery  shall  make  an  annual  report  on  the 
progress  of  this  department  of  medicine,  embodying  the  most  re- 
cent and  important  discoveries  and  improvements  in  the  theory 
and  practice  of  surgery. 

The  Committee  on  Obstetrics  shall  make  an  annual  report  on 
obstetrics   and  the  diseases  of  women  and  children,  giving  a  anm 


35 

mary  of  the  recent  discoveries  and  improyments  in  the  theory 
and  practice  of  this  branch  of  medicine. 

The  Committee  on  Finance  shall  be  the  execntiye  committee  of 
this  society,  to  whom  all  accounts  must  be  refeiTed,  and  who  shall 
make  an  annual  report  on  the  financial  condition  of  the  society, 
and  on  all  matters  Usually  falling  to  the  consideration  of  execu- 
tive committees. 

The  Committee  on  Publication  shall  be  composed  of  the  Secre- 
tary, President,  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  have  charge  of  all 
matter  intended  for  the  press,  and  shall  superintend  the  publica- 
tion of  tho  same,  exercising  a  discretionary  power  to  publish  or 
withhold  any  matter  submitted  to  them  for  that  purpose,  and 
make  an  annual  report  of  their  proceedings. 

Art.  VL  Every  member  of  this  society,  not  appointed  to  de- 
liver an  essay,  nor  on  one  of  the  standing  committees,  shall  give 
at  each  annual  meeting  a  detailed  history  of  one  case  or  disease 
occurring  in  his  own  practice,  comprising  its  etiology,  diagnosis, 
pathology,  prognosis,  treatment  and  termination. 

Art  Vn.  These  by-laws  may  be  altered,  repealed,  or  added  to, 
by  a  throe-fourths  vote  at  any  annual  meeting. 


APPBmUZ  IX 


OODE  OF  MEDICAL  ETHI08. 


orrBODnonoK. 


Medical  ethics,  as  a  branch  of  general  ethics,  mast  rest  on  th^ 
basis  of  religion  and  morality.  They  comprise  not  only  the  da- 
ties,  bnt  also  the  right  of  a  physician ;  and  in  this  sense  they  are 
identical  with  medical  deontology — a  term  introdaced  by  a  late 
writer,  who  has  taken  the  most  comprehensive  view  of  the  sab* 
ject. 

In  framing  a  code  on  this  basis,  we  have  the  inestimable  advan- 
tage of  deducing  its  rales  from  the  condact  of  the  many  eminent 
phyeicians  who  have  adorned  the  profession  by  their  learning  and 
their  piety.  From  the  age  of  Hippocrates  to  the  present  time, 
the  annale  of  every  civilized  people,  contain  abundant  evidences 
of  the  devotedness  of  medical  men  to  the  relief  of  their  fellow* 
creatures  from  pain  and  disease,  regardless  of  the  privation  and 
danger,  and  not  seldom  obloquy,  encountered  in  return ;  a  sense 
of  ethical  obligations  rising  superior  in  their  minds,  to  considera- 
tioDS  of  personal  advancement.  Well  and  truly  was  it  said,  by 
one  of  the  most  learned  men  of  the  last  century,  that  the  duties 
of  a  physician  were  never  more  beautifully  exemplified  than  in 
the  conduct  of  Hippocrates,  nor  more  eloquently  described  than 
in  his  writings. 

We  may  here  remark,  that,  if  a  state  of  probation  be  intended 
for  moral  discipline,  there  is,  assuredly,  much  in  the  daily  life  of 
a  physician,  to  impart  this  salutary  training,  and  to  insure  contiaa- 
ance  in  a  course  of  self  denial,  and  at  the  same  time,  of  zealona 
and  methodical  efforts  for  the  relief  of  the  suffering  and  nnfor- 
tanate,  irrespective  of  rank  or  fortune,  or  of  fortuitous  elevation 
of  any  kind. 


8T 

A  few  considerations  on  the  legitimate  range  of  medical  ethics 
will  serre  as  an  appropriate  introduction  to  the  requisite  rules  for 
our  guidance  in  the  complex  relations  of  professional  life. 

Every  duty  or  obligation  implies,  both  in  equity  and  for  its 
anccessAil  discharge,  a  corresponding  right  As  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  physician  to  advise,  so  he  has  a  right  to  be  attentively  and 
respectfully  listened  to.  Being  required  to  expose  his  health  and 
life  for  the  benefit  of  the  community,  he  has  a  just  claim  in  return 
<m  all  its  members,  collectively  and  individually,  for  aid  to  carry 
cut  hia  measures,  and  for  all  possible  tenderness  and  regard  to 
prevent  needlessly  harrassing  calls  on  his  services,  and  unneces- 
tary  exhaustion  of  his  benevolent  sympathies. 

His  zeal,  talents,  attainments  and  skill,  are  qualities  which  he 
holds  in  trust  for  the  general  good,  and  which  cannot  be  prodigal- 
ly spent,  either  through  his  own  negligence  or  the  inconsiderate* 
1M88  of  othera,  without  wrong  and  detriment,  both  to  himself  and 
to  them. 

The  greater  the  importance  of  the  subject,  and  the  more  deeply 
interested  all  are  in  the  issue,  the  more  necessary  is  it  that  the 
physician — ^he  who  performs  the  chief  part,  and  in  whose  judg- 
ment and  discretion,  under  Providence,  lite  is  secured,  and  death 
tamed  asides-should  be  allowed  the  free  use  of  his  faculties,  un- 
disturbed by  a  querulous  manner,  and  desponding,  angry,  or  paa- 
sionate  interjections,  under  the  plea  of  fear  or  grief,  or  disappoint- 
ment of  cherished  hopes,  by  the  sick  and  their  friends. 

All  persons  privileged  to  enter  the  sick  room,  and  the  number 
ought  to  be  very  limited,  are  under  equaLobligations  of  reciprocal 
courtesy,  kindness  and  respect ;  and,  if  any  exception  be  admissi- 
ble, it  cannot  be  at  the  expense  of  the  physician.  His  position, 
purposes,  and  proper  efforts,  eminently  entitle  him  to  at  least  the 
same  respectful  and  considerate  attentions,  that  are  paid  as  a  mat- 
ter of  coarse,  and  apparently  without  constraint,  to  the  clergyman, 
who  is  admitted  to  administer  spiritual  consolation,  and  to  the 
lawyer,  who  comes  to  make  the  last  will  and  testament. 

Although  professional  duty  requires  of  a  physician,  that  he 
abould  have  such  a  control  over  himself  as  not  to  betray  strong 


S8 

emotion  in  the  presence  of  his  patient,  nor  to  be  thrown  of  his 
guard  by  the  qnerulousness  or  even  rudeness  of  the  latter,  or  of 
his  friends  at  the  bedside,  yet,  and  the  fact  ought  to  be  generallj 
known,  many  medical  men,  possessed  of  abundant  attainmenta 
and  resources,  are  so  constitutionally  timid  and  readily  abashed, 
as  to  lose  much  of  their  self-possession  and  usefulness  at  the  criti- 
cal moment,  if  opposition  be  abruptly  interposed  to  any  part  of 
the  plan  which  they  are  about  devising  for  the  benefit  of  their 
patients. 

Medical  ethics  cannot  be  so  divided  as  that  one  part  shall  ob- 
tain the  f u  1  and  proper  force  of  moral  obligations  on  physiciaoa 
universally,  and  at  the  same  time  the  other  be  construed  in  suck 
a  way  as  to  free  society  from  all  restrictions  in  its  conduct  to 
them ;  leaving  it  to  tlie  caprice  of  the  hour  to  determine  whotlier 
the  truly  learned  shall  be  overlooked  in  favor  of  ignorant  preten- 
ders — ^persons  destitute  alike  of  original  talent  and  acquired  fit- 
ness. 

The  choice  is  not  indifferent,  in  an  ethical  point  of  view,  besides 
its  important  bearing  on  the  fate  of  the  sick  themselves,  between 
the  directness  and  sincerity  of  purpose^  the  honest  zeal,  the  learn- 
ing and  impartial  observations,  accumulated  from  age  to  age  for 
thousands  of  years,  of  the  regularly  initiated  members  of  the  med- 
ical profession,  and  the  crooked  devices  and  low  arts,  for  evident- 
ly selfish  ends,  the  unsupported  promises  and  reckless  trials  of 
interloping  empirics,  whose  very  announcements  of  the  means  by 
which  they  profess  to  perform  their  wonders,  are  for  the  most  part 
misleading  and  false,  and,  so  far,  fraudulent. 

In  thus  deducing  the  rights  of  a  physician  from  his  duties,  it 
is  not  meant  to  insist  on  such  a  correlative  obligation,  that  the 
withholding  of  the  right  exonerates  from  the  discharge  of  the  duty. 
Short  of  the  formal  abandonment  of  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
no  medical  man  can  withhold  his  services  from  the  requisition  of  an 
individual  or  of  the  community,  unless  under  circumstances  of 
rare  occurrence,  in  which  his  compliance  would  be  not  only  un- 
just but  degrading  to  himself  and  to  a  professional  brother,  and  so 


S9 

ikr  diminiBh  his  fatnre  nsefnlnees.  In  the  discharge  of  their 
duties  to  society,  physicians  must  be  ever  ready  and  prompt  to 
administer  professional  aid  to  all  applicants,  without  prior  stipu- 
lation of  personal  advantages  to  thentselves. 

On  them  devolves,  in  a  peculiar  mnnner,  the  task  of  noting  all 
the  circumstances  affecting  the  public  health,  and  of  displaying 
skill  and  ingenuity  in  devising  the  best  means  for  its  protection. 
With  thom  rests,  also,  the  solemn  duty  of  furnishing  accurate  med- 
ical testimony  in  all  cases  of  criminal  accusation  of  violence,  by 
which  health  is  endangered  and  life  destroyed,  and  in  those 
other  numerous  ones,  involving  the  question  of  mental  sanity  and 
of  moral  and  legal  responsibility. 

On  these  subjects — Public  Hygiene  and  Medical  Jurisprudence 
— every  medical  man  must  be  supposed  to  have  prepared  himself 
by  study,  observation  and  the  exercise  of  a  sound  judgment. 
They  cannot  bo  regarded  in  the  light  of  accomplisments  merely; 
they  are  an  integral  part  of  the  science  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine. 

It  is  a  delicate  and  noble  task,  by  the  judicious  application  of 
public  hygiene,  to  prevent  disease  and  to  prolong  life;  and  thus 
to  increase  the  prodactive  industry,  and,  without  asuming  the  of* 
fice  of  moral  and  religious  teaching,  to  add  to  the  civilization  of  an 
entire  people. 

In  the  performance  of  this  part  of  their  duty,  physicians  are  en- 
abled to  exhibit  the  close  connection  between  hygiene  and  mor- 
als; since  all  the  causes  contributing  to  the  former,  are  nearly 
equally  auxiliary  to  the  latter. 

Physicians,  as  conservators  of  the  public  health,  are  bound  to  bear 
emphatic  testimony  against  quackery  in  all  its  forms;  whether  it 
appears  with  its  usual  effrontery,  or  masks  itself  under  the  garb 
of  philanthropy,  and  sometimes  of  religion  itself. 

By  an  anamoly  in  legislation  and  penal  enactments,  the  laws, 
80  stringent  for  the  repression  and  punishment  of  fraud  irv  gene- 
ral, and  against  attempts  to  sell  poisonous  substances  for  food,  are 
silent,  and  of  course  inoperative,  in  the  cases  of  both  fraud  and 


40 

poisoning  bo  extensiyely  carried  on  by  the  ho&t  of  qnaeks  who  in* 
fest  the  land. 

The  newspaper  press,  powerful  in  the  correction  of  many  abn* 
seSy  is  too  ready  for  the  sake  of  lucre  to  aid  and  abet  the  enormi* 
ties  of  quackery.  Honerable  exceptions  to  the  once  general  prac- 
tice in  this  respect  are  happily  more  numerous,  and  they  might  be 
more  rapidly  increased,  if  physicians,  when  themselves  free  from 
all  taint,  were  to  direct  the  attention  of  editors  and  proprietors  of 
newspapers,  and  of  periodical  works  in  general,  to  the  moral 
bearings  of  the  subject. 

To  those  who,  like  physicians,  can  best  see  the  extent  of  the 
eyil,  it  is  still  more  mortifying  than  in  the  instances  already  meti* 
tioned,  to  find  members  of  other  professions,  and  especially  minis- 
ters of  the  gospel,  so  prone  to  give  their  countenance,  and,  at 
times,  direct  patronage,  to  medical  empirics,  both  by  their  use 
of  nostrums,  and  their  certificates  in  favor  of  the  absurd  preten- 
sions of  these  impostors. 

The  credulous,  on  these  occasions,  place  themselves  in  the  di- 
lemma of  bearinh  testimony  either  to  a  miracle  or  to  an  impos- 
ture :  to  a  miracle,  if  one  particular  agent,  and  it  often  of  known 
inertness  or  slight  power,  can  cure  all  diseases,  or  even  any  one 
disease  in  all  its  stages ;  to  an  imposture,  if  the  alledgcid  cures  are 
not  made,  as  experience  shows  that  they  are  no). 

Snt  by  no  class  are  quack  medicines  and  nostrums  so  largely 
sold  and  distributed  as  by  apothecaries,  whose  position  towards 
physicians,  although  it  may  not  amount  to  actual  affinity,  is  sucb 
that  it  ought,  at  least  to  prevent  them  from  entering  into  an  actu- 
al, if  not  formally  recognized,  alliance  with  empirics  of  every 
grade  and  degree  of  pretension. 

Too  frequently  we  meet  with  physicians  who  deem  it  a  venial 
error,  in  ethics,  to  permit,  and  even  to  recommend,  the  use  of  a 
quack  medicine  or  secret  compound  by  their  patients  and  friends. 
They  forget  that  their  toleration  implies]  sanction  of  a  recourse 
by  the  people  generally  to  unknown,  doubtful  and  conjectural 
fSEishions  of  medicatiyn;  and  that  the  credulous  in  this  way  soon. 


41 

become  the  victims  of  an  endless  succession  of  empirics.  It  must 
hare  been  generally  noticed,  also,  that  they  whose  faith  is  strongest 
in  the  most  absurd  pretensions  of  qnackery,  entertain  the  great- 
est skepticism  toward  regular  and  philosophic  medicine. 

Adverse  alike  to  ethical  propriety  and  to  medical  logic,  are  the 
various  popular  delusions,  which,  like  so  many  epidemics,  hare  in, 
successive  ages,  excited  the  imagination  with  extravagant  expect- 
ations of  the  cure  of  all  diseases,  and  the  prolongation  of  life  be- 
yond its  customary^limits,  by  means  of  a  single  substance.  Al- 
though it  ii  not  in  the  power  of  physicians  to  prevent,  or  always 
to  arrest,  these  delusions  in  their  progress,  yet  it  is  incumbent  on 
them,  from  their  superior  knowledge  and  better  opportunities,  as 
well  aa  from  their  elevated  vocation,  steadily  refuse  to  extend  to 
liiem  the  slightest  countenance,  still  less  support. 

These  delasions  are  sometimes  manifested  in  the  guise  of  a 
new  and  infallible  system  of  medical  practice, — the  faith  in  which 
among  the  excited  believers,  is  usually  in  the  inverse  ratio  of  the 
amount  of  common  sense  evidence  in  its  favor.  Among  the  volun- 
teer missionaries  for  its  dissemination,  it  is  painfal  to  see  mem- 
bers of  the  sacred  profession,  who,  above  all  others,  ought  to  keep 
aloof  from  vagaries  of  any  description,  and  especially  of  those 
medical  ones,  which  are  allied  to  empirical  imposture. 

The  plea  of  good  intention  is  not  an  adequate  reason  for  the 
assumption  of  so  grave  a  responsibility  as  the  propagation  of  a 
theory  and  practice  of  m6dicine,{of  the  real  foundation  and  nature 
of  which  the  mere  medical  amateur  must  necessarily,  from  his 
want  of  opportunities  for  study,  observation  and  careful  compari- 
son be  profoundly  ignorant 

In  their  relations  with  thasick,  physicians  are  bound,  by  every 
consideration  of  duty,  to  exercise  the  greatest  kindness  with  the 
greatest  circumspection ;  so  thfit,  whilst  they  make  every  allow- 
ance for  impatience,  irritation,  and  inconsistences  of  manner  and 
aipeech  of  the  sufferers,  and  do  their  utmost  to  soothe  and  tran- 
quilize,  they  shall,  at  the  same  time,  elicit  from  them,  and  the 
peTBons  in  their  confidence,  a  revelation  of  all  the  circumstances 
6 


43 

connected  with  the  probable  origin  of  the  diseases  which  thej  art 
called  upon  to  treat.  Owing  either  to  the  confusion,  and  at  timei 
obliqnit J  -of  mind  produced  by  the  disease,  or  to  considerations  of 
false  delicacy  and  shame,  the  truth  is  not  always  directly  reached 
on  these  occasions ;  and^hence  the  necessity  of  a  careful  and  mi- 
nute investigatioa  into  both  the  physical  and  moral  state  of  th« 
patient. 

A  physician  in  attendance  on  [a  case  should  avoid  expensive 
complications  and  tedious  ceremonials,  as  being  beneath  the  dig- 
nity of  true  science,  and  embarrassing  to  the  patient  and  his  fand- 
ly,  whose  troubles  are  already  great 

In  their  intercourse  with  each  other,  physicians  will  best  consult 
and  secure  their  own  self-respect  and  consideration  from  society  in 
general,  by  a  uniform  courtesy  and  high-minded  conduct  toward 
their  professional  brethren.  The  confidence  in  his  intellectual 
and  moral  worth,  which  each  member  of  the  profession  is  ambi- 
tious of  obtaining  for  himself  among  bis  associates,  ought  to  make 
him  willing  to  place  the  same  confidence  in  the  worth  of  others. 

Veracity,  so  requisite  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  is  a  jewel  of 
inestimable  value  in  medical  description  and  narrative,  the  lustre 
of  which  ought  never  to  be  tainted  for  a  moment  by  even  the 
breath  of  suspicion.  Physicians  are  peculiarly  enjoined,  by  every 
consideration  of  honor,  and  of  conscientious  regard  for  the  health 
and  lives  of  tlieir  fellow  beings,  not  to  advance  any  statement 
unsupported  by  positive  facts,  nor  to  hazard  an  opinion  or  hypothe- 
sis that  is  not  the  resultjof  delibeiate  inquiry  into  all  the  data  and 
bearings'  of  which  the^subject  is  capable. 

Hasty  generalization,  paradox  and  fanciful  conjectures,  repu- 
diated  at  all  times  by  sound  logic,  are  open  to  the  severest  repre- 
hension, on  the  still  higher  grounds  of  humanity  and  morals* — 
Their  tendency  and  practical  operation  cannot  fail  to  be  eminent- 
ly mischievous. 

Among  medical  men  associated  together  for  the  performance  of 
professional  duties  in  public  institutions,  such  as  Medical  Colle* 
ges,  Hospitals  and  ^Dispensaries,  there  ought  to  exist  not  onlj 


48 

harmonious  intercourse,  but  also  a  general  harmony  in  doctrine 
and  practice;  so  thatJJDeithor  students  nor  patients  shall  be  per- 
plexed, nor  the  medical  community  mortified  by  contradictory 
views  of  the  theory  of  disease,  if  not  of  the  means  of  curing  it 

The  right  of  free  inquiry,  common  to  all,  does  not  imply  the 
utterance  of  crude  hypothesis,  the  use  of  figurative  language,  a 
straining  after  novelty  for  novelty's  sake  and  the  involution  of 
old  truths,  for  temporary  effect  and  popularity  by  medical  wri- 
ters and  teachers.  If,  therefore,  they  who  are  engaged  in  a  com- 
mon cause,  and  for  the  furtherance  of  a  common  object,  could 
make  an  offering  of  the  extreme,  the  doubtful  and  the  redundant, 
at  the  shrine  of  philosophical  truth,  the  general  harmony  in  medi- 
cal teaching,  now  desired,  would  be  of  easy  attainment. 

It  is  not  enough,  however,  that  the  members  of  the  medical 
profession  be  zealous,  well  informed  and  self-denying,  unless  the 
social  principle  be  cultivated  by  their  seeking  frequent  intercourse 
with  each  other,  and  cultivating  reciprocally,  friendly  habits  of 
acting  in  common. 

By  union  alone  can  medical  men  hope  to  sustain  the  dignity 
and  extend  the  usefulness  of  their  profession.  Among  the  chief 
means  to  bring  about  this  desirable  end,  are  frequent  social  meet- 
ings and  regularly  organized  societies  ;  a  part  of  whose  beneficial 
operation  would  be  an  agreement  on  a  suitable  standard  of  med- 
ical education,  and  a  code  of  medical  ethics. 

Greatly  increased  influence,  for  the  entire  body  of  the  profes- 
sion, will  be  acquired  by  a  union  for  the  purposes  of  common  ben- 
efit and  the  general  good  ;  while  toits  members,  individually,  will 
be  insured  a  more  pleasant  and  harmonious  intercourse,  one  with 
another,  and  an  avoidance  of  many  heartburnings  and  jealousies 
which  originate  in  misconception,  through  misrepresentations  on 
the  part  of  individuals  in  general  society,  of  each  others  disposi- 
tion, motives  and  conduct. 

In  vain  will  physicians  appeal  to  the  intelligence  and  elevated 
feelings  of  the  members  of  other  professions,  and  of  the  better 
part  of  society  in  general,  unless  they  be  true  to  themselves,  by 


44 

a  close  adherence  to  their  duties,  and  hj  firmly,  jet  mildly,  insistr 
ing  on  their  rights ;  and  this  not  With  a  glimmering  perception 
and  faint  avowal,  but  rather,  with  a  fall  understanding  and  firm 
conviction. 

Impressed  with  the  nobleness  of  their  vocation,  as  trustees  of 
science,  and  almoners  of  benevolence  and  charity,  physicians 
should  use  unceasing  vigilance  to  prevent  the  introduction  into 
their  body  of  those  who  have  not  been  prepared  by  a  suitable 
preparatory  moral  and  intellectual  training. 
.  Ko  youth  ought  to  be  allowed  to  study  medicine,  whose  capa- 
city, good  conduct,  and  elementary  knowledge  are  not  equal,  at 
least  to  the  common  standard  of  academical  requirements. 

Human  life  and  human  happiness  must  not  be  endangered  by 
the  incompetency  of  presumptuous  pretenders.  The  greater  the 
inherent  difficulties  of  medicine,  as  a  science,  and  the  more  mq- 
merous  the  complications  that  embarrass  its  practice,  the  more 
necessary  is  it  that  there  should  be  minds  of  a  high  order  and  tho- 
rough cultivation,  to  unravel  its  mysteries,  and  to  deduce  scien- 
tific order  from  apparently  empirical  confusion. 

"We  are  under  the  strongest  ethical  obligations  to  preserve  the 
character  which  has  been  awarded  by  the  most  learned  men  and 
best  judges  of  human  nature,  to  members  of  the  medical  profes^ 
sion  for  general  and  extensive  knowledge,  great  liberality  and 
dignity  of  sentiment,  and  prompt  effusions  of  beneficence. 

In  order  that  we  may  continue  to  merit  these  praises,  every 
physician  within  the  circle  of  his  acquaintance,  should  impress 
both  fathers  and  sons  with  the  range  and  variety  of  medical  stu* 
dy,  and  with  the  necessity  of  those  who  desire  to  engage  in  it, 
possessing  not  only  good  preliminary  knowledge,  but  likewise, 
some  habits  of  regular  and  systematic  thinking. 

If  able  teacher^  and  writers,  and  profound  inquirers,  be  still 
called  for  to  expound  medical  science,  and  to  extend  its  domain 
of  practical  application  and  usefulness,  they  cannot  be  procured 
by  intuitive  effort  on  their  own  part,  nor  by  the  exercise  of  the 
elective  suffrage  on  the  part  of  others.    Ihey  must  be  the  pro- 


45 

duct  of  a  regular  and  comprehensive  sjatem — members  of  a  large 
class,  from  the  great  body  of  which  they  only  differ  bj  the  force 
of  fortuitous  circumstances,  that  gives  them  temporary  vantage 
ground  for  the  display  of  qualities  and  attainments  common  to 
tiieir  brethren.  / 


CHAPTER  L 

Of  the  Duties  of  Physicians  to  their  Patients^  and  of  the 
Obligations  of  Patients  to  their  Physicians. 

AET.    L — ^nUTIEB   OP  rHTSIOIANS  TO  THSm  PATIENTS. 

Section  1.  A  physician  should  not  only  be  ever  ready  to  obey 
the  calls  of  the  sick,  but  his  mind  ought  also  to  be  imbued  with 
the  greatness  of  his  mission,  and  the  responsibility  he  habitually 
incurs  in  its  discharge.  Those  obligations  are  the  more  deep  and 
enduring,  because  there  is  no  tribunal,  other  than  his  own  con- 
science, to  adjudge  penalties  for  carelessness  or  neglect.  Physi- 
cians should,  therefore,  minister  to  ^he  sick  with  due  impressions 
of  the  importance  of  their  oflBee ;  reflecting  that  the  ease,  the 
health,  and  the  lives  of  those  committed  to  their  charge,  depend 
on  their  skill,  attention  and  fidelity.  They  should  study,  also,  in 
their  deportment,  so  to  unite  tenderness  with  firmness,  and  conde- 
scension with  authority,  as  to  inspire  the  minds  of  their  patients 
with  gratitude,  respect  and  confidence. 

Sec.  2.  Every  case  committed  to  the  charge  of  a  physician 
ahould  be  treated  with  attention,  steadiness  and  humanity.  Hea- 
sonable  indulgence  should  be  granted  to  the  mental  imbecility  and 
caprices  of  the  sick.  Secrecy  and  delicacy,  when  required  by 
peculiar  circumstances,  should  be  strictly  observed,  and  the  famil- 
iar and  confidential  intercourse  to  which  physicians  are  admitted 


46 

in  their  professional  visits,  should  be  used  with  discretion,  and 
with  the  most  scrupulous  regard  to  fidelity  «nd  honor.  The  obli. 
gation  of  secrecy  extends  beyond  the  period  of  professional  servi- 
ces ;  none  of  the  privacies  of  personal  and  domestic  life,  no  in- 
firmity of  dispcsition  or  flaw  of  character  observed  during  pro- 
fessional attendance,  should  ever  be  divulged  by  him,  except  when 
imperatively  required  to  do  so.  The  force  and  necessity  of  these 
obligations  are  indeed  so  great  that  professional  men  have,  under 
certain  circumstances,  been  protected  in  their  observance  of  se- 
crecy by  courts  of  justice. 

Sec.  3.  Frequent  visits  to  the  sick  are  in  general  roquisite,  since 
they  enable  the  physician  to  arrive  at  a  more  perfect  knowledge 
of  the  disease — to  meet  promptly  every  change  which  may  occur 
and  also  tend  to  preserve  the  confidence  of  the  patient.  But  an- 
necessary  visits  are  to  be  avoided,  as  they  give  useless  anxiety  to 
the  patient,  tend  to  diminish  the  authority  of  the  physician,  and 
render  him  liable  to  be  suspected  of  interested  motives. 

Sec.  4.  A  physician  should  not  be  forward  to  make  gloomy 
prognostications,  because  they  savor  of  empiricism,  by  magnify- 
ing the  importance  of  his  services  in  the  treatment  or  cure  of  the 
disease.  But  he  should  not  fail,  on  proper  occasions,  to  give  Uy 
the  friends  of  the  patient  timely  notice  of  danger,  when  it  really 
occurs;  and  even  to  the  patient  himself,  if  absolutely  necessary. 
This  office  however,  is  so  peculiarly  alarming,  when  executed  by 
him,  that  it  ought  to  be  declined  whenever  it  can  bo  assigned  to 
any  other  person  of  sufficient  judgment  and  delicacy.  For,  the 
physician  should  be  the  minister  of  hope  and  comfort  to  the  sick ; 
that,  by  such  cordials  to  the  drooping  spirit,  he  may  smooth  the 
bed  of  death,  revive  expiring  life,  and  counteract  the  depressing 
influence  of  those  maladies  which  often  disturb  the  tranquility  of 
the  most  resigned,  in  their  last  moments^  The  life  of  a  sick  per- 
son can  be  shortened  not  only  by  the  acts,  but  also  by  the  words 
or  manner  of  a  physician.  It  is  therefore  a  sacred  duty  to  guard 
himsolf  carefully  in  tliis  respect,  and  to  avoid  all  things  which 
have  a  tendency  to  discourage  the  patient  and  to  depress  his  spir- 
its. 


47 

Sec.  5.  A  phjsiciau  ought  not  to  abandon  a  patient  because 
the  case  is  deemed  incurable ;  for  his  attendance  may  continue  to 
be  highly  useful  to  the  patient,  and  comforting  to  the  relatives 
around  him,  even  in  the  last  period  of  a  fatal  malady,  by  allevia- 
ting pain  and  other  symptoms,  and  by  soothing  mental  anguish. 
To  decline  attendance  under  such  circumstances,  would  be  sacrifi- 
cing to  lanciful  delicacy  and  mistaken  liberality  that  moral  duty, 
which  is  independent  of  and  far  superior  to  all  pecuniary  consid- 
eration. 

Sec.  6.  Consultations  should  be  promoted  in  difficult  or  protract- 
ed cases,  as  they  give  rise  to  confidence,  energy,  and  more  en- 
larged views  in  practice. 

Sec.  7.  The  opportunity  which  a  physician  not  unfrequently 
enjoys  of  promoting  and  strengthening  the  good  resolutions  of  his 
patients,  suffering  under  the  consequences  of  vicious  conduct, 
ought  never  to  be  neglected.  His  counsels,  or  even  remonstran- 
ces, will  give  satisfaction,  not  offence,  if  they  be  proffered  with 
politeness,  and  evince  a  genuine  love  of  virtue,  accompanied  by 
a  sincere  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  person  to  whom  they  are 
addressed. 

ABT.  II. — OBLIOATIOKS  OF  PATIENTS  TO  THBIB  PHYSICIANS. 

Sec.  1.  The  members  of  the  medical  profession,  upon  whom  are 
enjoined  the  performance  of  so  many  important  and  arduous  da- 
ties  toward  the  community,  and  who  are  required  to  make  so 
many  sacrifices  of  comfort,  ease  and  health,  for  the  welfare  of 
those  who  avail  themselves  of  their  services,  certainly  have  a 
right»to  expect  and  require  that  their  patients  should  entertain  a 
just  sense  ot  the  duties  which  they  owe  to  their  medical  attend* 
ants. 

Sec*  3.  The  first  duty  of  a  patient  is,  to  select  as  his  medical 
adviser  one  who  has  received  a  regular  professional  education. 
In  no  trade  or  occupation  do  mankind  rely  on  the  skill  ot  an  un- 
taught artist ;  and  in  medicine,  confessedly  the  most  intricate  of 
the  sciencesi  the  world  ought  not  to  suppose  that  knowledge  is  in- 
tuitive. 


48 

Sec.  3,  Patients  should  prefer  a  phTsician  whose  habits  of  life 
arc  regular,  and  who  is  not  demoted  to  company,  pleasure,  or  to 
anj  pursuit  incompatible  with  his  professional  obligations.  A 
patient  should,  also,  confide  the  care  of  himself  and  family,  as 
much  as  possible,  to  one  physician,  for  a  medical  man  who  has  be « 
come  acquainted  with  the  peculiarities  of  constitution,  habits  and 
predispositions  of  those  he  attends,  is  more  likely  to  be  successfol 
in  his  treatment,  than  one  who  does  not  possess  that  knowledge. 
A  patient  who  has  thus  selected  his  physician  should  always  ap- 
ply for  advice  in  what  may  appear  to  him  trivial  cases,  for  the 
most  fatal  results  often  supervene  on  the  slightest  accidents.  It 
is  of  still  more  importance  that  he  should  apply  for  assistance  in 
the  forming  stage  of  violent  diseases ;  it  is  to  a  neglect  of  this 
precept  that  medicine  owes  much  Of  the  uncertainty  and  imper- 
fection with  which  it  has  been  reproached. 

Sec.  4.  Patients  should  faithfully  and  unreservedly  communi- 
cate to  their  physician  the  supposed  cause  of  their  disease.  This 
is  the  more  important,  as  many  diseases  of  a  mental  origin  stimu- 
late those  depending  on  external  causes,  and  yet  are  only  to  be 
cured  by  administering  to  the  mind  diseased.  A  patient  should- 
never  be  afraid  of  thus  making  his  physician  his  friend  and  advi- 
ser ;  he  should  always  bear  in  mind  that  a  medical  man  is  under 
the  strongest  obligations  of  secrecy.  Even  the  female  sex  should 
never  allow  feelings  of  shame  or  delicacy  to  prevent  their  disclo- 
sing the  seat,  symptoms,  and  causes  of  complaint  peculiar  to  them. 
However  commendable  a  modest  reserve  may  be  in  the  common 
occurrences  of  life,  its  strict  observance  in  medicine  is  often 
attended  with  the  most  serious  consequences,  and  a  patient*may 
sink  under  a  painful  and  loathsome  disease,  which  might  have 
been  readily  prevented,  had  timely  intimation  been  given  to  the 
physician. 

Sec.  5.  A  patient  should  never  weary  his  physician  with  a  tedi- 
ous detail  of  events  or  matters  not  appertaining  to  his  disease. 
Even  as  relates  to  his  actual  symptoms,  he  will  convey  much  more 
real  information  by  giving  clear  answers  to  interrogatories,  than 


17 

and  improyements  modified  human  suffering  and  added  to  the 
length  of  human  lite?  Here  again  I  appeal  to  the  record,  but 
must  stop  to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  Professor  Clark,  of 
New  York,  for  much  of  the  statistical  information  to  prove  how 
mnch  the  Science  of  Medicine  has  lengthened'  human  life. 

Revelation  tells  us  that  man  was  created  perfect,  and  that  death 
was  not  necessarily  a  consequence  of  his  creation.  He  was  to  be 
governed  by  natural  laws,  for  the  transgression  of  which  the  pen- 
alty was  death.  He  transgressed  and  died;  but  the  term  of  his 
life  was  little  short  of  a  thousand  years.  The  next  era  in  his  his- 
tory is  the  reduction  of  that  tenure — in  consequence  of  his  contin- 
ued transgression — ^to  an  hundred  and  twenty  years ;  and  shortly 
after  we  learn  that  it  was  three  score^  years  and  ten. 

This  rapid  shortening  of  life  brought  alarm,  and  with  it  physi- 
cians; but  they  were  men  necessarily  unlearned  in  the  profession^ 
and  death,  with  his  unblunted  scythe,  hurried  on,  and  each  year 
found  him  more  eager  for  his  victim,  till,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  as  we  find  by  the  report  of  the  Registrar  Gen- 
eral of  Northampton,  the  average  length  of  life  was  barely  thirty 
years,  whilst  in  184:7  the  average  was  increased  to  37  1-3  years,  or 
juBt  one-qnarter  was  added  to  the  length  of  human  life.  This  is  a 
single  instance — it  can  be  almost  indefinitely  multiplied.  But  let 
me  impress  on  you  the  fact,  that  this  increase  commenced  about 
150  years  ago— the  very  moment  at  which  our  profession  began 
to  acqiiire  facilities  for  the  etuck/  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology^ 
or  at  which  we  first  acquired  any  certain  data  on  which  to  found  a 
ocmrect  theory  of  disease.  I  proceed  to  examine  the  results  from 
thiMe  facilities,  and  how  well  the  profession  has  turned  them  to 
goad  account. 

I  have  just  shown  then  that  in  Northampton,  the  life  of  a  man 
was  in  a  little  more  than  ooe  hundred  years  increased  by  the  ad- 
dition of  just  one  quarter. 

We  now  take  a  later  period  and  find  from  Doctor^Simpsons's  sta- 
tistics of  Surgery,  that  the  rate  of  yearly  mortality  in  England  and 
Walea  in  1786,  was  one  in  forty-two  of  the  entire  population ;  that 
8 


18 

it  was  gradually  reduced,  so  that  in  1831  the  proportion  of  deaths 
to  population,  was  one  in  fifty-eight,  adding  more  than  one  quar- 
ter to  the  length  of  life  in  the  short  space  of  forty-seven  years. 

Mr.  Milne,  in  his  Life  Tables  of  Carlisle,  furnishes  about  the 
same  results  there  from  1778  to  1844 — and  the  report  of  the  Reg- 
istrar General  of  England  down  to  1846,  the  latest  I  have  beea 
able  to  obtain,  shows  just  about  a  like  decrease  in  the  mortality 
for  ea^h  of  the  eight  preceding  years. 

But  in  France,  where  every  facility  has  been  aflEbrded  for  the 
advancement  of  the  science,  and  where  medicine  has  for  a  long 
time  been  a  state  institution,  the  statistics  show  that  the  progress 
in  lengthening  man's  life,  is  wonderful  indeed.  We  are  all  more 
or  less  acquainted  with  the  history  of  that  nation  from  1776  to 
1843,  during  which  time,  war,  pestilence  and  wild  fanaticism,  vieij 
with  each  other  in  the  work  of  death ;  when  the  mechanic  arts 
were  to  their  highest  capability,  inventing  instruments  of  destruc- 
tion ;  when  the  profession  of  law  was  made  subservient  to  those 
in  power  in  their  crusade  against  human  life ;  when  even  the  sa- 
cred desk  sent  forth  from  it  mandates  of  death  on  the  charge  of 
heresy ,  when  in  addition,  the  dire  scourge  of  cholera  was  sweep- 
ing off  its  hundreds  of  thousands,  annually,  and  every  art  and  ev- 
ery science,  save  that  of  medicine,  seemed  combined  to  decimate 
the  land,  our  profession  alone  stood  firm  in  the  battle  for  humani- 
ty— and  with  what  results !  The  combination  of  all  the  forces 
enumerated  was  insuffioient  to  counteract  the  influence  of  our  sci- 
ence on  the  longevity  of  man,  and  even  during  the  26  years  when 
France  was  one  great  battle  field  the  average  of  man's  Mfe  was 
lengthened!  Whilst  of  those  who  died  a  natural  death,  nearly 
one-half  was  added  to  the  average  term  of  their  existence. 

Thus  far  I  have  drawn  only  on  statistics  from  abroad ,  I  pause 
but  a  moment  to  demonstrate  that  the  results  in  oar  own  land  have 
not  been  less  suecessful.  In  doing  so,  I  shall  take  that  view  of  it, 
the  most  unfavorable  to  us,  where  the  struggle  was  ilirectlj  with 
disease  and  death,  leaving  out  all  the  indirect  benefits  of  hygienei 
for  which  the  world  is  wholly  indebted  to  the  profession. 


19 

The  reports  of  the  Pennsylvama  Hospital,  at  Philadelphia,  show 
that  in  one  hundred  years,  ending  1852,  the  reduction  of  thenunoh 
ber  of  deaths,  proportioned  to  the  number  of  sick,  was  nearly  80 
in  erery  hundred.  In  other  words,  for  every  hundred  who  died 
in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  thirty  were  restored  to  life  and 
health  in  the  latter  part ;  and  the  New  York  Hospital  reports  show 
even  better,  for  there  we  find,  that  in  just  half  the  time,  the  gain 
was  31  lives  to  the  hundred,  and  yet  these  hospitals  are  in  the 
same  cities,  on  the  same  sites,  are  indeed  the  identical  houses 
which  were  used  in  the  begiuning  of  the  century ;  and  with  facts 
like  these  before  the  world,  shall  I  be  asked  what  claims  we  have 
on  government,  on  community  ? 

So  much  for  the  profession  ;  what  can  we  say  of  its  followers? 
Of  those  who  toil  to  still  further  ameliorate  the  sufferings  of  their 
race,  and  to  become  in  return  the  butt  of  all  the  gibes  and  sneers 
of  those  for  whom  they  labor  ? 

But  first,  gentlemen  of  the  society,  a  word  for  you  individually. 
I  doubt  whether  there  is  one  of  yon,  who  has  not  at  times  compared 
yourself  with  your  professional  brother,  and  in  the  comparison  of 
moral  virtues,  have  felt  your  brothers  inferiority ;  and  I  say  it 
not  in  derogation,  but  with  pride,  that,  however  much  you  may 
have  admired  his  talents,  his  acquirements,  his  manner,  or  his 
skill,  you  have  wished  that  he  possessed  your  humility,  your  kind 
sympathies,  or  your  disinterested  benevolence.    In  this,  gentle- 
men, permit  mo  to  say,  that  you  err,  less  in  the  appreciatian  of 
your  own  feelings,  than  in  the  depreciation  of  his  ;  for  the  very 
condition  of  our  profession  forbids  the  existence  amongst  us  of  the 
proud,  the  mercenary,  or  the  heartless.    The  low  estimate  in  which 
we,  as  a  body,  are  held  by  our  fellow  men,  crushes  out  pride. 
The  fact  that  ninety-nine  hundredths  of  all  medical  men,  live  and 
die  in  poverty,  or  are  driven  to  other  pursuits  for  a  living,  ex* 
eludes  the  mercenary.    Whilst  the  poorly  paid  labor,  exposure, 
and  danger  of  our  practice,  most  effectually  bars  the  door  against 
aU  those  who  would  follow  the  profession  for  the  sake  of  the  pay. 
ISeet  easy  tk^i  as  to  onr  quiet  and  our  negative  virtue,  whilst  we 
examine  the  active  and  the  positive. 


"" 20 

Often  are  we  called  to  join  the  grand  choras  of  song  which  com- 
memorates the  success  of  some  man  or  company  who  by  an  iron 
chain  have  '^connected  in  marriage  the  distant  Waters" — often  to 
join  in  hallelujahs  of  those  who  by  the  electric  wires  haye 
'^^abridged  time/'  and  almost  annihilated  distance — often  to  sing 
pseans  to  the  inventors  of  articles  for  man's  profit  and  enjoyment, 
but  never  to  whisper  one  word  of  honor,  nor  even  of  encouragement 
for  those  who  have  added  so  vastly  to  man's  capability  to  profit 
and  enjoy. 

Oar  claims  can  be  properly  appreciated  only  by  comparing  them 
with  those  of  others, 

No  obstacles  are  ever  allowed  to  stand  between  the  physician 
and  his  duty  to  conmiunity — ^no  hardships  to  deter — ^no  danger  to 
arrest  him — from  the  dreadful  hour  when  the  plague  stricken 
Athens  witnessed  the  almost  superhuman  efforts  of  Hippocrates, 
strnggling  against  the  ravages  of  the  n.ost  dreadful  plague  that 
ever  scourged  the  earth,  down  to  the  days  when  the  cholera  struck 
terror  to  the  armies  in  the  Crimea,  the  physician  has  never  falter- 
ed in  his  duty  to  encounter  danger  wherever  it  presented.  Are 
you  a  sufferer  from  disease?  Call  on  your  physician,  and  tho' 
every  step  should  press  from  the  earth  the  poisoned  miasm,  though 
every  breath  be  charged  with  pestilence,  the  danger  to  himself^  to 
his  family  and  friends,  are  all  forgotten,  and  you  never  call  in  vain. 

When  the  first  news  of  the  cholera  advancing  to  our  shores  was 
announced,  scarcely  a  cheek  was  seen  unblanched,  or  a  heart  un- 
terrified — it  came — ^it  visited  New  York — who  does  not  remember 
the  sad  account  that  followed  ?  Death  in  its  most  appalling  forma 
to  htmdreds  daily — the  inhabitants  terror  stricken  deserting  their 
homes,  till  half  the  population  of  the  city,  having  abandoned  their 
friends  unable  to  follow,  were  seeking  safety  in  flight 

We  aU  remember  how  the  public  journals  painted  the  dreadful 
horrors  of  that  time,  and  yet  invoked  some  mightier  power  dian  pen 
or  fancy  to  do  justice  to  the  scene.  But  in  the  vivid  recollection  of 
all  those  horrors,  one  little  circumstance  has  nearly  escaped  the 
xaemory — that  of  the  five  hundred  physicians  in  New  York,  five 


21 

hundred  physicians  there  remained,  except  as  they  dropped  one 
by  one  into' the  insatiate  jaws  of  death— that  from  all  the  medical 
schools  then  filled  with  students,  not  a  student  fled  the  city — the 
only  flying  which  they  did  was  from  sufferer  to  suff^erer,  or  from 
time  to  eternity. 

How,  and  by  whom  have  their  dangers  and  their  deaths  been 
commemorated  f  Had  they  been  mariners,  and  had  cast  themselves 
into  the  ocean  to  save  a  shipwrecked  crew,  their  dangers  would 
have  been  less, 'their  sufferings  shorter,  but  what  of  the  public 
reception  which  would  have  followed,  of  the  grand  processions,  of 
the  presentations  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  their  noble  deeds  ? 

Few  of  us  have  forgotten  the  scenes  of  Sandusky  in  '48,  when 
the  stoutest  hearts  quailed  before  the  appalling  pestilence  which 
desolated  that  doomed  city — when  it  was  impossible,  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Mayor,  "to  describe  the  desolation  which  withered 
the  hearts  of  the  strongest.  The  havoc  wa5  awful,  our  physicians 
worn  down  by  toil,  and  more  exhausting  cares,  were  flying,"  not 
as  others,  from  the  city,  but  "from  place  to  place  of  suffering  and 
of  danger'' — "and,"  he  continues,  ''it  adds  not  a  little  to  the  mer- 
itoriousness  of  their  services  that  all  compensation  from  the  town 
and  the  poor  was  declined."  But  I  should  do  injustice,  should  I 
pass  over  the  fact  that  in  this  instance,  there  was  one,  at  least,  who 
could  appreciate  the  noble,  self  sacrificing  men  who  there  stood 
"between  the  living  and  the  dead."  "For,"  concludes  the  Mayor, 
**though  the  citizen  of  Sandusky  cannot  find  words  to  .express  his 
gratitude,  he  can  thank  God  that  his  lot  is  cast  where  christian 
charities  grow  and  flourish,  and  he  can  invoke  God's  best  blessing 
on  those  who  remembered  him  in  the  days  ol  his  sore  distress." 

We  remember  New  Orleans  a  few  years  back,  when  the  yellow 
fever  struck  such  terror  to  the  souls  of  men,  that  of  all  those  who 
could  leave  the  city,  the  physicians  alone  remained. 

Savannah,  too,  affords  a  striking  illustration  of  the  disinterest- 
edness of  cmr  profession,  when  terror  and  death  had  releived  her 
ot  two-thirds  of  her  population— when  the  dying  and  the  dead, 
the  putrid  and  the  living  lay  mingled  together,  and  the  boldest 


23 

could  not  summon  courage  to  venture  on  the  separation.  Even 
here  the  physician  never  abandoned  his  post,  but  snnljc  under  the 
duties  which  his  benevolence  demanded.  Twas  then  that 
their  brothers  from  abroad  were  summoned  to  their  assistance. 
Mobile  was  called  on,  and  though  her  physicians  had  barely  rallied 
from  the  arduous  duties  which  the  prevalence  of  the  pestilence 
there  had  imposed  on  them,  yet  not  an  hour  was  lost,  and  as  one 
platoon  sank  before  the  dreadful  scourge,  another  stepped  into  its 
place  undismayed,  unabating  in  energy,  till  health  was  restored  to 
the  city. 

Even  now  a  scene  is  transpiring  illustrative  of  the  character  of 
medical  men,  and  of  their  appreciation  by  the  public : 

In  the  Crimea  the  demon  of  War  is  at  work.  There  may  be 
seen  Europe's  veteran  warriors,  calm  and  unterrified  amid  the 
dangers  of  battle,  and  every  heart  throbs  with  pride  for  the  valor 
of  their  leaders.  But  at  a  short  distance  is  a  more  fearful  strug- 
gle. There  the  soldier  in  the  vigor  of  life  is  stricken  down  bj  a 
hand  he  cannot  see — an  enemy  he  cannot  resist.  There  the  phy- 
sician fights  the  soldier's  battle,  and  the  very  sight  of  his  smallest 
danger,  sends  dismay  to  the  heart  of  the  hero,  whom  the  perils  of 
twenty  battles  have  failed  to  move.  For  one  month  before  the 
last  reports,  not  a  British  officer  had  courage  to  look  for  a  moment 
on  that  scene  of  desolation  and  death,  where  the  physician  made 
his  home. 

But  when  Sebastopol  shall  have  fallen — when  the  Mussulman 
and  the  Christian  shall  have  marched  together  over  the  land  of 
the  Cossack — when  Moscow  shall  have  crumbled  before  the  ma- 
chinery of  war,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  [Russian  citizens 
shall  haved  slaked  with  their  blood  the  ambition  of  the  Saxon  and 
the  Gaul— when  England's  vengeance  shall  be  glutted,  and  her 
glory  borne  to  Heaven  on  the  wailings  of  ten  thousand  of  her  own 
widows  and  orphans— then  will  be  had  the  "triumphal  entry"  of 
England's  benefactors — of  the  heroes  who  saved  "their  country ! " 
But  in  the  grand  procession,  what  place,  think  you,  will  be  assign- 
ed to  the  physician  ?    No  matter !    He  deserves  no  place  of  mark 


23 

— ^no  expressions  of  a  nation's  gratitude;  for  whilst  the  leader  has 
been  most  gloriously  butchering  his  country's  enemies,  the  phy- 
sician has  been  content  with  the  humble  and  menial  occupation  of 
quietly  saving  her  friends  I 

I  repeat,  that  it  is  our  duty  to  relieve  the  community  from  the 
curse  of  quackery — that  to  do  this  we  must  leave  off  our  abuse  of 
it — that  by  our  high  example  we  must  excite  the  emperic  to  be- 
come the  man  of  science — ^that  we  must  make  this  reform  perma- 
nent, by  providing  such  facilities  for  a  proper  scientiiSc  education, 
as  shall  create  about  us  an  atmosphere  incongenial  to  imposture 
and  empiricism — that  we  shall  demand  of  community  the  means 
to  enable  us  to  provide  such  facilities — that  we  shall  base  these 
demands  on  the  benefits  we  are  constantly  conferring  on  commu- 
nity, and  by  our  sacrifices  in  its  behal£ 

Sir,  permit  me,  before  closing,  to  advert  to  some  of  the  circum- 
stances of  the  past  year,  and  to  say  that  much  as  we  have  accom- 
plished, much  more  remains  for  us  to  do. 

Whilst  the  dire  accidents  by  flood  and  fire  have  filled  the  land 
with  loud  and  bitter  meanings,  the  efiects  of  the  pestilence  which 
has  swept  over  our  state,  has  so  absorbed  our  attention  and  our 
sympathies,  and  presented  to  us  so  pointedly  the  fact  of  our  in- 
ability, in  many  instance?,  to  wrestle  successfully  with  the  myste- 
ries of  disease,  as  greatly  to  have  closed  our  ears  to  the  wailiDgs 
from  abroad.  We  have  seen  the  pestilence  seize  upon  our  friends 
— ^we  have  in  many  instances  found  ourselves  wholly  incapable  of 
arresting  for  a  moment  the  progress  of  the  disease—  we  have  seen 
Death  snatch  his  victim  from  us  as  uninterruptedly  in  his  progress 
as  though  we  had  not  been  there  to  interpose.  I  hope  that  no 
member  of  this  society,  in  such  cases,  allowed  himself  to  be  satis- 
fied with  the  reflection,  that  the  result  was  one  of  God's  provi- 
dences, but  that  he  more  properly  attributed  it  to  his  own  igno- 
rance of  the  nature  and  character  of  the  pestilence,  and  that  he 
determined  not  to  be  satisfied  till  he  had  fully  unravelled  the 
mystery. 

But  death  stopped  not  With  our  patients— he  entered  our  own 


24 

ranks,  and  selected  as  his  yictims  two  of  the  brightest  ornaments 
of  our  profession.*  They  each  have  left  for  ns  a  bright  example 
of  their  devotion  to  the  advancement  of  education,  and  of  a  wil« 
lingnesB  to  meet  cheerfully  the  dangers  of  our  profession,  for  the 
benefit  of  our  race. 

In  closing,  permit  me,  gentlemen,  to  congratulate  you  on  the 
fact  that  so  much  of  harmony  and  good  feeling  has  prevailed 
amongst  us  during  our  existence  as  a  society,  and  to  hope  that  in 
our  efforts  to  elevate  the  standard  of  our  professional  attainments, 
the  bonds  of  common  interest,  -which  bind  us  together  as  a  broth- 
erhood, will  also  be  thrown  around  us  in  the  social  circle,  and  that 
whilst  we  remember  with  profit  the  benefits  resulting  from  our 
meetings,  as  a  society,  the  recollections  of  our  social  intercourse 
may  be  as  bright  spots  to  cheer  us  through  the  darkness  of  our 
declining  years. 

Mr.  President,  permit  me,  sir,  to  congratulate  you  on  your  ac- 
cession to  the  honorabl exposition  to  which  you  have  just  been 
chosen ;  for  I  cannot  well  imagine  a  more  honorable  station  than 
that  of  presiding  over  the  deliberations  of  men  engaged  in  the 
benevolent  purpose  of  alleviating  the  Bufferings  of  their  fellow* 
beings,  and,  aside  from  your  success  in  the  pursuit  of  the  great 
objects  of  our  association,  I  can  express  no  higher  wish  for  your 
official  gratification,  than  that  the  members  of  this  sodety  may 
accord  to  you  the  same  generous  support  and  liberal  constmotion 
of  motives  whidb  I  most  gratefully  acknowledge  as  having  been 
extended  to  me  during  my  official  term,  which  closes  with  the 
performance  of  this  duty. 

After  the  bddre88,]^the  society  adjourned  tins  die. 

GEO.  D.  WILBER,  Setf  y • 

*  Br.  A.  P.  Ladd  and  Prof.  6.  Peui  Lathrop^ 


JlPFBNDIX  a» 

THB  LAW  OF  WISOONSm  AI7TH0BIZIKG  ICEDIOAL  8001STIES. 

Section  1.  It  shall  «nd  may  be  lawful  for  the  phyeiciane  and 
sorseons  in  the  seyeial  counties  in  this  state,  to  meet  together  on 
fiuch  a  day  as  they  or  a  m^ority  of  them  shall  deem  proper,  at 
tlie  place  where  the  last  term  of  the  county  conrt  next  preceding 
lodi  meeting,  shall  hare  been  held  in  their  respective  counties^ 
and  the  seyeral  physicians  and  surgeons  bo  convened  as  aforesaid, 
«r  any  part  of  thein,  being  not  less  than  five  in  number,  shall 
proceed  to  the  choice  of  president,  vice  president,  recording  sec- 
retary, corresponding  s^cretaxy,  treasurer  and  three  censors ;  who 
shall  hold  their  ofSces  for  one  year,  and  until  others  are  elected  ' 
to  £11  their  places,  and  when  the  said  society  shall  be  so  organ^- 
jjEed  as  aforesaid,  they  are  hereby  declared  to  be  bodies  corporate 
and  politic,  in  fact  and  in  name,  by  the  names  of  the  medical  so- 
cieties of  the  county  where  such  society  shall  respectively  be 
formed,  and  by  those  names  shall  be  in  law  capable  of  sueing  and 
being  sued,  pleading  and  being  impleaded,  answering  and  being 
answered  unto,  defending  and  being  defended,  in  aU  courts  and 
places,  and  in  aU  matters  and  causes  whatsoever,  uad  may  have  a 
common  seal  which  they  may  alter  or  renew  at  pleasure. 

See.  2.  All  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  several  counties, 
shall  be  entitled  to  meet  in  convention,  for  the  formation  of  a 
medical  society  in  their  respective  counties,  agreeably  to  the  pro- 
visions of  the  preceding  section,  and  take  part  in  its  deliberations 
and  become  members  under  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  who 
shall  have  received  a  diploma  from  any  incorporated  medical  col- 
lege or  society  of  any  of  the  United  States  or  Territories,  or  any 
foreign  country. 

Sec.  S.  It  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  medical  societies  of 
the  several  cotmties  of  this  state,  to  purchase  and  hold  any  estate 
4 


26 

real  or  personal,  for  the  use  of  said  society ;  Proyided,  said  estate 
shall  in  no  case  exceed  the  sum  of  fiye  thousand  dollars,  and  shall 
be  used  exclusively  for  objects  promoting  the  advancement  of 
medical  science. 

Sec.  4.  It  shall  be  lawfcil  for  the  medical  societes  in  the  respec- 
pective  counties,  to  make  such  by-laws  and  regulations  relative 
to  the  affairs,  concerns  and  property  of  said  societies,  relative  to 
admission  and  expuUion  of  members,  the  examination  of  studenta 
and  relative  to  donations  or  contributions,  as  a  majority  of  the 
members  shall  think  proper  at  any  regular  meeting  of  said  socie* 
ty :  Provided,  that  such  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations  be  not 
contrary  to,  nor  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  the  United  States, 
or  of  this  state. 

Sec.  S.  The  medical  societes  established  as  aforesaid  are 
hereby  respectively  empowered  to  examine  all  students  who  may 
present  themselves  for  that  purpose,  and  to  grant  them  diplomas 
under  the  hand  of  the  president  and  seal  of  the  society  ;  which 
diploma-shall  constitute  them  members  of  said  society.  And  it 
is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  censors  of  each  medical  society, 
carefully  and  impartially  to  examine  all  medical  students  who 
shall  present  themselves  for  that  purpose,  and  report  their  opin- 
ion in  writing  to  the  president  of  the  society. 

Sec.  6.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  be  examined  as  a  can- 
didate for  a  diploma  and  membership  of  any  of  said  societies  un- 
less he  shall  have  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  has,  at 
least,  a  good  English  education,  and  has  studied  medicine  at  least 
three  years  with  some  respectable  practitioner,'  and  can  produce 
satisfactory  evidence-of  good  moral  charaeter. 

Sec.  7.  Any  student  who  may  receive  a  diploma  from  any  me- 
dical society  of  the  state,  shall  pay  to  the  president  thereof  ten 
dollars  on  receiving  the  same. 

Sec.  8.  It  shall  be  lawful  for  each  medical  society  to  cause  to 
be  raised  and  collected  from  each  of  the  members  of  said  society 
a  sum  not  exceeding  three  dollars  in  any  one  year,  for  the  purpose 
of  procuring  a  medical  library,  anatomical  cabinet,  chemical  ap- 


27 

paratus,  or  for  the  encoaragemcnt  of  usefal  discoveries  in  the 
science  of  medicine. 

Sec.  9.  The  president  shall  preside  at  and  govern  all  meet- 
ings of  said  society,  and  perform  all  other  duties  which  appertain 
to  his  office ;  and  in  case  of  absence  or  disability  of  the  president 
the  vice  president  shall  perform  the  duties  of  president. 

Sec.  10.  The  treasurer  of  each  medical  society  established  as 
aforesaid,  shall  receive  and  be  accountable  for  all  moneys  that 
may  come  into  his  hands  by  virtue  of  this  chapter,  and  the  by- 
laws of  such  society ;  and  also  of  all  moneys  which  shall  come 
into  the  hands  of  the  president  thereof,  for  the  admission  of  mem- 
bers or  licensing  students ;  which  moneys  the  president  is  hereby 
required  to  pay  to  the  said  treasurer,  who  shall  account  therefor 
to  the  society  at  its  annual  meetings;  and  no  money  shall  be 
drawn  from  the  treasury,  unless  such  sums,  and  for  such  purposes 
as  shall  be  agreed  upon  by  a  majority  at  their  annual  meetings, 
and  by  an  order  signed  by  the  president  and  countersigaed  by  the 
recording  secretary. 

Sec.  11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  recording  secretary  of  each 
of  said  societies,  to  provide  a  book,  in  which  he  shall  make  an 
entry  of  all  by-laws,  resolutions,  rules  and  regulations,  which 
may  be  had  from  time  to  time,  and  also  the  name  of  each  and 
every  member  of  said  society,  and  the  time  of  his  admission,  and 
also  the  annual  reports  relative  to  the  state  of  the  treasury,  and 
all  such  other  things  as  a  majority  of  the  society  shall  think  prop- 
er, to  which  book  any  member  may  at  any  time  have  access ;  and 
the  same  together  with  all  books,  papers  and  records,  the  property 
of  said  society,  which  may  be  in  his  hands,  shall  be  delivered 
over  to  his  successor  in  office. 

Sec.  12.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  corresponding  secretary  of 
each  of  said  societies,  to  correspond  on  subjects  relatmg  to  medi- 
cal science,  with  the  profession  throughout  the  United  States  and 
foreign  countries,  and  with  the  different  societies  of  this  state, 
when  requested  to  do  so  by  a  resolution  of  the  society  of  which 
he  is  a  member,  or  whenever  he  may  deem  it  advisable,  and  re- 


port  to  the  meetings  of  said  society  everything  relating  to  snch 
correspondence,  which  may  be  interesting  to  the  profession. 

Sec.  13.  If  there  should  not  be  a  sufficient  number  of  physi- 
cians and  surgeons  in  any  of  the  counties  of  this  state,  to  form 
themselves  into  a  medical  society,  agreeably  to  the  provisions  of 
this  chapter,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  sucli  persons  to  associate  them- 
selves with  the  physicians  and  surgeons  of  adjoining  counties, 
for  the  purposes  hereby  contemplated. 

Sec.  14.  This  chapter  shall  not  be  so  construed,  as  to  prevent 
any  person  from  practising  physic  or  surgery  within  this  state, 
who  is  not  a  member  of  any  of  said  societies. 

Sec.  15.  All  the  county  medical  societies  which  have  been, 
heretofore  organized,  shall  be  continued,  with  all  the  powers  and 
privileges  they  have  heretofore  had. 

Of  the  State  Medical  Sodeiy. 

Sec.  16.  The  medical  society  of  the  territory  of  Wisconsin,  is 
hereby  continued,  under  the  name  of  the  medical  society  of  the 
state  of  Wisconsin,  and  as  such  shall  enjoy  all  the  rights  and 
privileges,  and  possess  all  the  powers  heretofore  had  and  exer- 
cised by  it. 

Sec.  17.  Said  association  may  adopt  such  constitution,  and  shall 
be  capable  of  ordaining  and  enforcing  such  by-laws  and  regula- 
tions, as  may  be  necessary  for  the  admission  and  expulsion  of  its 
members,  election  of  its  officers,  and  for  the  proper  management 
of  its  concerns ;  Provided,  that  said  constitution  and  by-laws, 
rules  and  ordinances  shall  not  be  repngnant  to  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  or  the  laws  of  this  State,  or  contravene  the  pro- 
visions of  the  chapter  organizing  county  medical  societies. 

Sec.  18.  Each  of  the  county  medical  societies  ol  this  state  shall 
be  entitled  to  elect  delegates  annually  from  its  own  body,  not  to 
exceed  one  for  every  five  of  its  whole  number  of  members,  to  re- 
present it  in  the  state  society,  who  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the 
privileges  of  membership  of  said  body  during  the  time  for  which, 
they  are  elected. 


29 

8ec.  19.  It  shall  be  lawfiil  for  the  medical  society  of  the  state 
of  WiBConsin  to  grant  diplomas,  under  the  same  restrictions  re- 
quired by  the  law  organizing  county  medical  societies. 

Bee.  20.  Said  medical  society  shall  be  entitled  to  admit  perma- 
nent members  in  accordance  with  its  constitution  and  by-laws. 

Sec.  21.  All  members  of  county  medical  societies,  and  all  ap- 
plicants for  diplomas  to  said  societies,  who  may  be  expelled  or  re- 
fused diplomas  from  the  same,  shall  be  entitled  to  the  right  of  ap- 
peal to  the  medical  society  of  the  state,  whose  decision  in  the  case 
shall  be  final. 

Sec.  22.  The  property  of  said  society,  and  also  the  property  of 
the  medical  societies  in  the  different  counties  of  this  state,  shall 
be  forever  exempt  from  taxation. 


APPBNDIZ  B. 

CONSTITUTION. 

We,  the  undersigned,  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  State  of 
Wisconsin,  in  order  to  cultivate  harmony  and  kind  feelings  amongst 
the  members  of  our  profession,  to  promote  the  advancement  of  the 
medical  and  collateral  sciences,  to  assist  us  in  acquiring  a  know* 
ledge  of  the  same,  and  in  keeping  pace  with  the  progress  of  medi- 
cal science,  to  help  us  appreciate  the  nature  and  magnitude  of  the 
mutual  duties  and  responsibilities  existing  between  the  medical 
profession  and  community,  and  to  protect  ourselves  and  society 
against  the  impositions  of  medical  pretenders,  do  hereby  agree  to 
associate  ourselves  together,  and  be  governed  by  the  following 

CONSTITUTION  : 

Article  I.  This  organization  shall  be  known  by  the  name  of 
"The  Wisconsin  State  Medical  Sooiett." 

Art.  II.  This  society  shall  meet  annually  at  Madison,  on  the  last 
Wednesday  in  January  of  each  year,  at  3  o'clock  P.  M. 

Art  III.  Seven  members  of  this  society  shall  constitute  a  quo- 
rum for  the  transaction  of  business,  but  any  number  m0f  adjourn 
from  time  to  time. 

Art.  IV.  The  oflScers  of  this  society  shall  be  a  President,  a  first 
and  second  Vice-President,  a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer  and  three 
Censors ;  who  shall  be  elected  at  the  annual  meetings,  and  shall 
hold  their  oflSces  respectively  for  the  term  of  one  year,  and  until 
their  successors  are  duly  elected  and  qualified. 

Art.  y.  The  president  shall  preside  at  the  meetings,  preserve 
order  and  decorum  in  debate,  give  a  casting  vote  when  necesary^ 
and. perform  all  the  other  duties  that  custom  and  parliamentary 
usage  may  require,  and  deliver  an  address  at  the  close  of  his  term 
of  office.    He  may  call  special  meetings  at  any  time,  if  deemed 


31 

necessary,  and  it  shall  be  his  duty  to  call  snch  meetings  whenever 
requested  in  writing  so  to  do  by  five  members  of  this  society. 

Art.  VI.  In  case  of  the  absence  or  inability  of  the  President 
to  discharge  his  duties,  the  latter  shall  devolve  upon  the  Vice 
Presidents  and  in  the  order  of  their  election. 

Art.  Vn.  The  Secretary  shall  record  the  minutes  and  au- 
thenticate the  proceedings,  give  due  notice  of  all  meetings,  con- 
duct the  correspondence  and  preserve  all  records  and  papers  be- 
longing to  the  society.  At  the  close  of  his  term  of  office,  he  shall 
lay  before  the  society  a  full  report  of  his  official  correspondence 
and  doings. 

Art.  Vin.  The  Treasurer  shall  collect  and  receive  all  monies 
due,  or  presented  to  the  society,  and  shall  disburse  the  same  under 
its  direction.  He  shall  keep  a  book  in  which  he  shall  enter  the 
debits  and  credits  of  every  member^  the  amounts  received  and 
disbursed  by  him  as  Treasurer;  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office,  and  at  all  other  times  when  requested  so  to  do  by  the  socie- 
ty, he  shall  report  the  condition  of  the  Treasury,  and  specify 
the  receipts  and  disbursements.  He  shall  also  give  good  and  suf- 
ficient bond  to  the  Secretary,  inbehallof  the  society,  for  the  faith- 
ful discharge  ot  his  trust.  , 

Art.  IX.  The  Censors  shall  constitute  a  committe  for  the  ex- 
amination of  applicants  for  membership. 

Art.  X.  Any  regular  physician  in  good  standing,  presenting 
the  Censor's  certificate  of  proper  qualification,  and  receiving  the 
votes  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  at  any  annual  meeting, 
shall  be  entitled  to  membership,  on  his  paying  two  dollars  into  the 
Treasury  and  signing  this  constitution. 

Art.  XL  This  society  may  elect  honorary  members  at  any  an- 
nual meeting,  by  a  vote  of  three-fourths  of  the  members  present. 

Art.  Xn.    This  society  shall  have  power  to  obtain  funds  by  an 
equal  assessment  of  its  members,  by  voluntary  contributions,  and    v 
by  the  disposal  or  sale  of  publications  and  of  works  for  publica- 
tion.   But  no  assessment  shall  be  made  for  more  than  three  dol- 
lars upon  each  member  in  any  one  year,  nor  except  at  annual 


32 

meetings  or  at  meetings  called  for  that  express  purpose,  in  which 
case,  the  object  of  the  meeting  shall  be  set  forth  and  published  in 
the  call. 

Art.  Xni.  Any  member  of  this  society  may  be  censured,  sus- 
pended, or  expelled  for  any  improper  conduct,  as  may  be  pre- 
scribed in  the  By-Laws  of  this  society. 

Art.  XIV.  No  amendment  shall  be  made  to  this  constitution, 
unless  the  proposed  amendment  shall  have  been  submitted  at  some 
previous  annual  meeting  of  the  society,  and  for  such  action  eight 
members  shall  be  necessary  for  a  quorum,  and  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present  must  vote  for  the  amendment:  Provided,  how- 
ever, that  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  ten  or  more  members  present 
at  any  annual  meeting,  any  of  the  articles  of  this  constitution  may 
be  altered  or  repealed  and  articles  added  thereto,  without  such 
previous  notice. 


\  ■ 

I  SPECIAL  REPORT 


OVTHI 


(^fiimsmmxB  0f  %  f  imalk  l^sjte, 


n  ISIW8B  TO  A  RISOIUTM,  PiSSBD  BT  TIB  A88EIBLT  OF  TO 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, 


JAI7UABY  19,  1855. 


4 

MADISON: 

BSRIAH  BROMT,  PRISTTXR. 
186ff. 


t' 


/    I 


.'.   »  /* 


A 


.ii'i  .  '  I. 


To  theJEhnoTcMe  the  Asa&nAly^  <f  the  State  of  Wieeonain : 

Bj  diraetiob  of  tho  Board  of  Comminionen  of  the  Wisoonsin  State 
LoBatic  Aeylum,  I  herewith  lay  before  jou  their  Beport,  asked  for  under  a  re- 
Mintios  patted  bj  you,  January  19, 1855,  together  with  accompanying  papen. 

GEO.  R,  McLANE, 

Sup.  of  Wis.  State  Lunatio  Aiylum. 
MadiMn,  January  23,  1855 


SPECIAL  EEPORT, 


ToiheAmrM^(fths8tateof  Wisomnn: 

In  a  raBolution,  paaeed  by  you,  Janumy  the  lOth,  1865,  a  copy  ot  wUeti 
dSreeted  to  us,  is  in  the  words  and  figures  following,  to  wit: 

Absihblt  Hjlli^ 
Madisov,  January  19^  1856. 

Jh  As  Commiisianers  qf  th$  Sua$  Lma^  4«y^«m : 

A  resolution,  of  which  the  following  is  a  true  copy,  passed  the  Assembly 
this  morning : 

Besolredi  That  the  Board  of  Oommissioners,  appointed  by  the  QoYemor,byj 
Tirtue  of  an  act,  entitled  *'  An  Act  to  provide  for  a  State  Lunatic  Asylum,'^  ap- 
proved, March  80, 1854,  be  requested  to  inform  this  House,  at  as  early  a  day  as 
pOMible,  what,  if  any,  contrast  has  been  entered  into  by  them  on  the  part  o^ 
Ihe  State,  by  virtue  of  Section  7,  of  aforesaid  act,  and  if  any  contract  has  been 
made^  transmit  to  this  House  a  copy  of  the  same,  with  all  specifications  con- 
nected therewith  or  alluded  to  in  such  contract ;  also,  the  narober  of  bids  or 
proposals  received  before  the  letting  of  said  contract ;  the  prices  eontained  in 
^neb  bid,  the  names  of  persons  making  sach  bids  ;  also,  the  estimated  expense 
DeeesBary  to  complete  and  furnish  the  Asylum  under  the  present  contract,  and 
fliat  the  Chief  Clerk  of  this  House,  be  instructed  to  transmit  to  said  Board  of^ 
Commissioners  a  copy  of  this  resolution. 

Attest:  DAVID  ATWOOD, 

Chief  Clerk  Assembly. 


You  request  to  be  informed  at  as  early  a  day  as  possible. 

First  What,  if  any,  contract  has  been  entered  into  by  tbe  Oommiaiaiien 
on  the  part  of  the  State,  by  virtue  of  Section  7,  of  the  aforesaid  act 

Beoond«  That  if  any  contract  has  been  made,  we  transmit  to  you  a  copy  of 
the  aame^  with  all  specifications  connected  therewith  or  alluded  to  in  such  con- 
tract. '.     •  .  .  •       ■ 

Third.     To  be  inTbrmed  of  the  number  of  propoeab  '  receiTed  before  the 

letting  of  said  contract,  the  prices  contained  in  each  bid,  and  the  names  of  per* 
sons  making  such  bids. 

Fourth.  To  be  informed  of  tbe  estimated  expense  necessary  to  complete 
and  furnish  the  Asylum  under  the  present  contract. 

In  reply  to  tbe  first  request,  we  wonM-most  respectfully  refer  yon  to  our  Re- 
port, made  to  the  Honorable  Legislature  at  its  present  session,  by  reading  whidi 
you  will  be  fully  informed  on  that  subject 

In  compliance  with  the  second,  we  herewith  transmit  to  you  a  copy  of  th* 
contract,  with  the  written  specifications  connected  therewith. 

Also^  in  compliance  with  tbe  .third,  we  herewith  send  you  a.  copy  /of  ^(l^  (|i| 
proposals  received  by  us  before  the  letting  of  said  contract,  in  which  propoaala 
is  sjiecified  the  price  for  materials  and  work. 

And  in  answer  to  so  much  of  the  fourth,  as  relates  to  the  expense  necessarjr 
to  complete  Sf  i<^  A.sylum,  we  would  again  refer  you  to  our  said  Report  And 
as  ip  the  expense  necessary  to  furnish  the  Asylum,  the  Commissioners  have  not 
had  that  matter  under  consideration,  and  therefore,  cannot  at  this  time  give  you 
an  estimate  of  the  cost  with  any  certainty  of  accuracy. 

We  have  in  our  office  plans  and  drawings  of  the  Asylum,  which  are  made  a 
part  of  the  aforesaid  contract,  but  we  do  not  herewith  submit  copies  thereof^ 
for  the  reason  that  it  would  involve  the  expenditure  of  about  four  hundred  do!- 
Ut%  which  we  deem  a  useless  outlay,  inasmuch  as  we  heretofore  have  stated  to 
tbe  L^slatiire,  that  the  said  plans  and  drawings  are  open  to  inspection  at  tli« 
office  of  the  Asylum,  and  accessible  to  all ;  but  if  the  Assembly  vpoa  mmn 
tare  r^ection,  considers  that  tbe  public  interest  demands  a  copy  of  fhesd 
drawingsand  plans,  the  Commissioners  will  procure  tbe  same  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  Commissioners  at  tbe  time  of  entering  into  the  oontraot  afoieptt4«. 
thought  proper  to  request  of  the  contractor  a  bond  with  snretiee,  to  secure  the 
performance  of  his  agreements,  with  which  request  he  promptly  oompE^  ; 
and  a  copy  of  said  bond  is  also  herewith  submitted  to  you.    ' 

ALDEK  a  SANBORN, 
SAM.  G.  BUGH, 
M«&on,  January  22, 1855.  Comm'rs  of  Wis.  Bute  Lunatic  Aajbm^ 


i 


.-.11 


ToMtf  Oavemor  and  C(nnmUMneri  of  the  l^ai$  iMnane^Asyfum. 

Gbnts  : — I  Heroby  propose  to  do  all  the  work  andfumiah  the  j^ateriali 
for  the  iStateljunatic' Asylum,  to  be  contracted  at  Madison,  according  it>wfL 
plan  and  specification^  exliibi^^d  by  you/ and  agree  to  build  the  main  builjii^ 
and  two  longitadinal  and  two  transverse  wings  in  tbe  year  1^55,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  bull  Jing  whenever  the  Board  bf  Commissioners  or  Legislaiuri 
consider  it  necessary  :'  and  I  will  g^ve  satisfac^tory  security  to  any  anioiint  yoiL 
may  require,  to  secure  tne  completioif  of  the  won  accord fpg  to  contract :  the 
8ta1ll  to  pay  80  per  cfent  ot  the' work*  as*  it  progressed,  at  the  end'  of  each  iaia'^ 
every  thirty  days,  and  the  balance  of  twenty  per  cent,  when  the  woi-k  id  ooin^ 
pleted  ;  and  I  furtner  agree  to  commencd  the  worfe'immediatefyj  ancf  (o'tShv^ 
it  until  completed,  provided  Y^am  paid  according  to  contract  at'^e  Allowing 
rates,  viz  : 

as  required  by  the  Commissioners  or  B^f^!h« 
teodent,  •' 

For  in  4^be)W»ali6tf  ^  <      / 

For  all  rabble  or  rough  masonry,  such  as  cellar  walk;   ' 

parUtion  waUs,  and  the  outer  walls  of  building, 
For  all  cut  stone  masonry 

do    brick  in  work      .  /.  t      i         •  /  ■    '  i 

do    cast  iron  m  work 

do    wVooght  iron  itf  wt^K 

do"  r<Ufi  us^  in  bWldinj^"  " 

Ao'  boW        dS  / 

dy    screws''     dH 

«4    but't^        do 

ii"  niiils         do 

io'  pideiumW,  used  iti  Wilding;* 

ab    o&klumbef  db"  ' 

IiaXttlDg  in  woMd'coinplet^ 
C^r^tln«  leaded 'and pdhted  oti\}6ih  slde^'lafd  on^ 

r66f-  ■       V' 

JB%^  ttr^4hi.  tin  eoii^uciori'^ut  «^ 

40    lM«:  fin  idaes  *    ' 


;  A 


'        [  I.   tt  •!     ''I 

')■«  •  !.  i'<,fcj.Ji|< 
35ct8  per  cubic  yaid. 
«1,50  do 

3,00  per  peroh. 
1«,50        do 
;IX,50  per  thousand. 
I2[cts.  per  poand. 

lb  ctis:" 
2.k6ekciV 
'i;2i/eaclii' 
ijob  ner 
^;0D' peV  dia/patf. 

rcts.'peVpo'ui'a.'** 
3t;?l5p^^'tlf6uiiiia:'''^ 

iii^   ^    k  '  '■'"''^ 

•'   -gft'ctipirVa^a;''"  ^ 

'  '«»''    d*""  •''"'• 


PltttttiDgy  two  eoat^  browD^and  one  eoat  luud  finish,         28  eti  per  yard. 

Fjudcj  and  hydraulic  oemeiit  plaatering  d7|-      do 

Boogh  cafting  and  peocilling  exteitor  whh'  eompod- 
tion  of  washed  sand  and  tallow,  and  finbhing  the 
lamegood  4i5        do 

For  speaking  tubes  of  tin  in  work  25  cts  per  fool» 

Painting  according  to  specification^  main  building,  1,000,00 
'  do  do  do  for  each  longi- 

tudinal and  each  transverse  wing,  666,66 

For  all  glass  used  in  said  building  in  work  9,50  per  box. 

Joiner  work  on  main  building  as  specified,  7,495,00 

Jpiner  work  oneach  longitudinal  and  transverse  wing  4,995,00  ^ 

Bitra  items  not  included  in  the  above  schedule  thai 
may  be  necessary  on  main  building^  ,  1,800,00 

Eitra  items  on  each  longitudinal  and  transverse 

wing  1,200,00 

The  above  materials  to  be  of  ezoeUent  quality  and  the  work  to  bo  done  m 
■nbfltantial  and  workmanlike  manner. 
!''  Respectfully  submitted, 

AVDRBW  PBOUDFIT. 
Waupuh,  October  18, 1854w 


.1  ARTICLE  OF  AGREEMENT. 

r  •  . 

Article.'  of  agreement  made  and  coneiuded  this  sixteenth  day  of  November, 

ID  the  year  ot  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-four,  between 

Andrew  Proudfit  of  the  county  of  Waukesha,  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  of  the 

first  part,  and  David  S.  Vittum,  Samuel  G.  Bugh  and  Alden  S.  Sanborn,  com* 

missioned  9f  the  Wisoonsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum  of  the  second  part,  whereof 

it  18  covenant^  ^ahd  agreed  as  follows  :    That  the  said  Andrew  Proudfit  heie- 

by  contracts^,  covenants  and  agrees  to  furniwh  all  the  materials  which  shall  be  of 

a  sound  and  good  quality,  and  perform  all  the  labor  necessary  to  construct  and 

finish,  4n  every  respect,  in  a  good  and  substantial  and  workmanlike  manner, 

''The  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum,"  on  the  terms  and  for  the  price  set 

forth  andsta^  in  his  proposal  hereunto  annexed  ;  the  said  work  to  be  executed 

and  confomp^lp  all  re^>ects  to  the  annexed  specifications^  and  th^  plana  now  tat. 

the  possessipfi  of  tli9  said  commissioners,  and  to  be  completed  as  iyllows : 


TIm  nwin  building  and  two  longitudinal  and  two  tinnsvene  wingt  on  or  bo- 
fore  the  first  d^J  of  January  one  thouaand  eight  hundred  and  fiftj-six  ;  two 
more  longitadina)  and  two  more  tmtBvend  winga  on  or  before  the  first  day  of 
January  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fiflj-seven  ;  and  two  more  longitu- 
dinal tfnfl  t^  moVe  tninsverse  winga  whenever  the  commissioners  shall  direct, 
giving  one  years  time  to  do  said  last  mentioned'  work  after  notice  given  to  said 
Andrew  Proodfit. 

And  it  is  further  agreed  that  the  building^contracted  to  be  built  shall  during 
Ha  enoetion  ba  imder  tbe  in^wotion  of  the  superintendent  of  said  asylum  and 
tiM  oomuissMmers  thereof. 

And  it  f9  fbvlher  agreed  cm  the  pari  of  said  commSanoners  that  montbly  esti- 
wilstabril  benadei  either  by  them  or  some  one  to  be  appointed  by  them,  and 
that  «p(m  iaid  monthly  estimate  of  materials  fiimished  and  work  done^  the* 
Slate  ^tuSt  pay  to  the  oontraetor,  Andrew  Pioudfit,  eighty  per  cent  on  the 
iHMKmt  of  work  done  and  materials  fomished. 

And  it  is  ftirther  agi^eed  that  withm  thirty  days  after  the  said  building  shall' 
bueompMed  according 'to  the  tarma  and  oonditions  of  this  contract  and  the' 
^MMltonliona  Mnieunto  aiitadhed,  and  accepted  by  the  said  commissionerB,  the 
Stale  of  Wieconsitt  sbaH  pay  to  the  said  Andrew  Pron^  the  sum  which,  ae- 
tfoMing  to  ibe  teite  of  this  eomtraet,  shall  remain  nnfiaid  after  deducting  alt 
prerioos  payments. 

And  it  is  further  understood  and  i^^read  by  and  between  the  parties  to  this 
eontraot  tjhat  the  work  abont^said  building  shall  be  measured  inclu4iQg  op«n- 

^^       '  ANDREW  PROUDFIT,  [seal.] 

D.  S.  VITTUM,  [sBAi.]  . 

ALDEN  S.  SANBORN,  [mal.] 

SAM.  G.  BUOH.  [seal.] 

Sfi^Ied,  signed  f^nd  delivered  in  presence  of  Qeo.  1^  MoLane.    K  M.  Hunter  as 
t^  theaigpaturo  of  S,  0.  Bqgh. 


2 


10 

(copr.)  ';      r 

SPECIFfCATfON  '        ' 

Of  work  and  maieriali  to  be  used  in  the  erection  qf  the  Wieeomm  ^kUt , 
Lunatic  Asyium, 

^)E3CRIPTI0^. 

The  baiIJiB|;s  are coinpoMd  of  a  centrtf  Co  feet  by  120^  aod  ea a^chiiia  aa^ 
three  longitudiaal  and  three  transverse  wings.  The  oeotre  UukUag  Ufoar 
stories  high.  The  first  storj,  12^seaond  15,  third  13,  and  the  feuiVh  U  t^ 
each  in  the  clear  of  the  floor  and  ceilings.  Tlie  longitadiiial  wings  ai4  thm^ 
atones  high,  eneh  12  feet  in  the  clear  ;  t))e  transverse  wia^  have  mk&iiiih 
tioqal  story,  which  is  7  feat  high  at  the  eaves,  but  extends  up  ioie  Ae  voof  W 
the  height  of  10  feet,  and  is  finished  to  the  collar  beams,  i  a  eeVar  k  thwwgh 
out  the  wkole  extent,  and  is  8  feet  deep  iu  the  cfoar  of  floer  ns4  \^^ef  tig^ 
of  joistfi.  Oo  the  centre  building,  is  a  dome^  intended  Ui  receive  iW  mtdm'' 
tanks^  and  on  each  tmnsirer^  wipg  is  a  dome  ot  smaUer  dimenflnnsor  €tf9k^ 
intended  83  ventilators:  for  the  flues  and  ducts  throughout  the  buiJdiiig^  £g^. 
tbe  interior  arrangements  and  other  particulara^  refemnce  ia  la  baked  tO'<ib# 
phins,  when  all  are  figured  and  fully  explained.  t  • 


EIDCJiVAtXOMi  '• 


The  cellar  will  be  excavated  throughout  the  ^hole  extetit  of  th'e  tdtl 
and  to  measure  8  feet  in  the  clear  of  floor  and  lower  edge  of  joists,  when  Hk-^ 
ished.  Foundation  trenches  will  be  dug  for  the  outer  walls  ;  centre  building 
18  inches,  wings  12  inches,  and  for  all  the  partition  walls  6  inches,  below  the 
levef  of  the  floor  of  the  cellar  ;.  all  earth  from  the  excwations  will  be  leveled 
and  graded  around  the  building.  The  foundations  will  all  be  sunk  deeper^than 
the  above  specifications^  if  necessary  16  procure*  an  approved  f6uridarioo.  All 
rubbish  will  be  removed  from  the  building  and  cellar,  and  the  floor  of  the  celtar 
prepared  for  grouting  and  paving. 


CUT  8T0NS. 


A  base  of  hammer  dressed  stone  will  extend  around  the  whole  building,  8 
inches  wide,  which  will  form  the  cills  of  the  cellar  windows,  and  will  piojeet 
2  1-2  inches  from  the  face  of  the  wall,  with  a  wash  on  the  tame  at  the  opaii- 
ing  of  the  cellor  windows,  they  will  be  0  inches  thick  on  the  top :  the  outside 
door  silJa  and  steps  of  front  and  back  main  entrances,  and  all  the  window  sills 


Tfift  b^  <rf  cpt  fUi^A ;  Ijik^TBcifle  (Jbfii  wUc  giifj^A  of  the  captr^  buildiflg,  vp,^^ 
tb;  %F^.  of  tbe  «^a4  fl^m  (^id  (fb|9  r<|8^ic  blpcljijs  arx>uad  th^.  windows  •f  tl^ 
i^  ^rjL  ceptTQ  Vuil^iflg  ;  tlie  qtpQe.  ^usl  I^  of  the  b^^t)  ^i^t  cao^  b«  prooiu^ 
iQ  tbd  vicinity,  and  all  excepting  the  ba?^  smuothjij  direased,  and  all  fij-iolj  a|l4 
flolidij  set,  and  where  neoessarj  well  strapped  with  iron  into  the  masonry  ;  12 
stone  sills  will  likewise  be  required  at  the  ddora  of  the  cross  corridor  entrancesi 
1&  iicbes  broad  c^  the  top;  mkI  Of  itfcb«s  <biek  ;  all  the  bath  rooms  and  water 
dMetaio  the  wings,  and  diyiiig  ro^mis,  and-  kitchen  floors,  will  be  laid  with  c)i|f 
tHing  or  stone  flagging,  well  bedddd  in  cement,  the  cross  passage  between  the 
ootridoi*  will  be  done  in  )ike  inanDer. 

^ASOKRY. 

AU  t^^  exterioir.  ^alk  wiU  be  built  of  quariy  building  stones,  Ui4 
W  tb#ir  broofJest  beda,  a^d  the.  fpundatioo  sto^ea  broad  ai^d  flat,  aqA 
fp)l4'iy-  M4dd  ifi,  mortar,  Xbo9e  of  t^e  cellar  centre,  building  will  bfij  Zi 
fioet  ^iqk|  and  wii^  2  feet,  with,  fot^tings,  of  a  inches  projecting  from  mk 
fi^pf  the  fame;  the  w^l^  of  the  centre  buiiding,  up  to  the  level  of  tbesfoon^ 
flppr  wi^l  be,2fee^  6  inphes,  firom  that  line  up  to  the  level  of  the  third  flooc  9 
^t  3  inche%  tjience  up  to  the  fourth,  floor  2  feet,  and  upwards  22  iufsh^  im 
the  tympanum  the  wi^I  will  be  18  inches;  from  tbe  cpllar  walls  up  to  the  Iftml 
of  the  tbird  floor  in  the  wings  will  be  20  inches,  apd  the  remainder  18  ii^lHAi 
sQ  th^  partition  walla  will  be  built  of  brick.  In  the  centre  building  np  Jp  Ijkt 
li^oC  the  first  Soor^all  tJie  oori-idor  v^alls  will  be  22  inches  thick,  all  tbe  otheffi 
ai^d  all  on  tha  wings  eascepting  tl^osp  in  tlie  crossings  between  the  corridon^  will 
b^  18. inches;  the  cross  partitions  of  the  centre  building*. and  the  walls^of,  tbA 
<}roe^Qprridors  will  be  13  inches,  aud  all  others  on  the  wings. will  be  9  inq\mt 
«f^  akfi^  the  coi/Vidor  walls  above  the  ceiling  of  the  tlurd  floor ;  the  cross  pasMgfi 
bi^tw^d^  tbe  corridors  will  b^  arched,  and  made  thoroughly  fire  proof;  the.l|9i»dft 
#£  all  th«  openings  throughout  the  cellar  will  be  arched,  likewise  the  he^4&4f 
ibe  oeUar  windoir^  a^d  cellar  doors,  and  arching  likewise  will  be  required  wbeit 
th^  partition  wnU  oommences  oyer  an  opening,  All  openings  intended  for  aii(| 
aodbot  air,  flues,  gas»  ventilatorsi  4cc;,  wiJjL  will  be  made  according  to  the  pliin% 
apd  wbeM  direpted  by  the  superintendent  during  the  progreea  of  the  wotk, 
All  flues  to  be  well  and  thoroughly  parquettad*  All  the  masonry,  including^ 
tiie  brick  work,  to  be  done  in  the  best  and  most  substantial  manner  ;  the  brick 
to  bo  good,  and  the  stone  to  be  well  selected.  The  mortar  to  be  composed  of 
^jMk  ahacpiifiad^.  And  fi^'Wood  burned  lime,  in  such  proportk>ns  as  will. en- 
tire aftfppne^ed  eeoEMttt.  >IiDn.bf(ni  M  by  2,1-2  incbea  trill  be  itquieed  in; 


12 

fixe  CfUkr  for  the  sapport  of  the  ihitt  at  starting,  and  anobors  from  tbe  joists 
into  the  walls,  and  iron  rods  with  screw  backs,  for  tbe  sappoit  of  some  of  the 
partition  walls,  and  all  other  iron  rods  and  bars  required  in  tlie  construction  of 
the  above,  mnst  be  inserted  in  ihe  same. 

CAST  IBOir  AND  WBOUQBT  IBOS  WOEK. 

Ail  the  outside  windows  throughout  the  wMe  bniJdii^«  exceptiBg  those 
•pening  fiom  the  oorridom,  will  have  a  neat  wrought  iron  guard,  to  ezteod 
within  5  inches  of  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  lower  sash,  securely  fastened  on 
the  ouUide  of  escb,  and  all  the  upper  sash  of  the  dormitories,  bath  rooms  and 
water  closets,  will  be  made  of  cast  iron,  secure!  j  fastened  to  a  frame  of  wood. 
Wrought  iron  guards  will  be  made  for  all  tbe  windows  in  the  corridors,  ee* 
eured  on  the  inside  across  the  same^  with  doors  of  stout  wire  in  each,  to  be 
Unged  and  secured  with  bolts  and  lock  ;  likewise  at  the  foot  and  head  of 
stairs,  will  be  doors  of  the  same  kind  made,  and  securely  hung  and  fastened 
with  locks  and  bolts.  Wrought  iron  bearers,  with  cast  iron  risers^  will  be  nuide 
for  all  the  stairs  in  the  wings,  and  likewise  in  the  centre  building,  the  flight 
leading  from  the  first  story  into  the  second ;  this  flight  will  have  iron  balusters 
md  hand  rail,  and  will  be  entirely  of  that  material,  excepting  woeden  treadsi 
seeured  upon  the  iron  bearers  and  risers,  open  cast  iron  guards  will  be  made 
ind  walled  in  the  cellar  windows,  but  in  four  of  each  longitudinal  wing,  they 
wHI  be  hung  and  secured  with  bolts;  11-2  inch  iron  rods  with  screw  backs 
fiveted  on  the  ends,  will  be  required  wherever  a  partition  wall  is  started  over  an 
opening  above  lO  feet  space,  to  support  tbe  brick  work  of  the  same;  an  iron 
ibime  and  door  will  be  made  and  bung  at  each  end  of  the  cross  corridors,  and 
BSbured  with  strong  locks  and  bolts,  and  a  complete  set  of  iron  safe  doom  for 
ttie centre  building;  wickets  about  8  inches  square  will  be  made  and  ineortsd 
kk  all  the  dormitory  doors,  with  suitable  locks  on  the  same.  The  batconies  iu 
Ibe  eeuire  building  will  be  of  iron,  excepting  the  joists,  rafters  and  roof,  and  aU 
in  accordance  with  tbe  elevation.  11-4  inch  iron  rods  will  be  required  for 
Ihe  framing  of  the  trussed  girders,  and  bdts  for  the  same,  and  for  the  domes ; 
sihohors  for  tbe  joists,  eyes  for  the  cellar  doors  opening  into  the  air  chamber, 
j«mb  screws  for  ail  the  dormitory  door  frames,  stubs^  serews  and  every  thing 
4ae  neotesary  to  complete  the  building. 

A 

.      .  LUMBER,   HARDWARE   AKD   CARPENTER   WORK. 

*  All  tha  flooring  joistsrin  ihe  centre  building  and  trtinsvierse  wii^  wiU  b« 
tMl2  iaehes^  and  ia  the  lotagitudiual  wmgs  EMS  indies,  eelling  joista  of 


^ 

loDgitudiaal  wings  2x8  ijichee,  calling  joists  of  centre  building  3  m  10  jocbes 
and  oeiling  joists  of  cnllar-bdams  or^r  the  rooms  ia  the  transverse  win|gs  will  be 

2  H  10  inches,  and  all  placed  16  inches  bet^veen  centres;  all  joists  over  I^  feQt 
to  be  backed^  and  all  le^velefl  up  straight  across  the  ends^  an4  blocked  up  with 
bard  dry  blocking.  In  all  framing  tui  stair  ways  the  trimmers  will  be  double 
and  pinned  together;  all  requisite  fiaroing  to  be  attended  to  for  flues,  dumb- 
waiter^ water  closets,  <feo.;  the  common  rafters  on  the  longitudinal  wings  will  be 

3  H  6  inches,  and  will  be  placed  20  inclies  between  centres,  secured  on  wall- 

plaHes  on  the  eotridor  walls,'  and  tied  together  witli  coTIar-beams  of  inch  board 

nailed  acroes  them;  on  the  back  part  of  the  transverse  wings  the  roof  will  be 

bipped,  and  the  front  part  as  shown  in  the  elevation.     Strong  collar  beanos  trfll 

be  required  both  front  and  back  of  2  h  JO  inch  plank  to  form  the  ceiling  of  the 

fourth  stories;  in  the  centre  building  over  the  ehapel  will  be  required  three  sffi^ 

gle  trissed  girders  to  suppbrt  the  roof  over  the  same;  they  will  be  laid  cross^ 

wise  the  room;  the  ceiling  joists  will  be  secured  between  by  eleating  the  girders 

and  notching  the  ends  of  the  joints  oi^  them;  the  rafters  will  be  placed  across 

the  girders,  and  raising  pieces  secured  pn.thp  tqp  of  the  ceiling  joibts.in  the  usufl 

manner;  the  tie-beam  or  lower  piece  of  timber  of  the  girders  will  be  5  h  12 

inches;  braces  and  level  plates  5  ^.5,  with  centre  1^  inch  iron  rod$,  with  stout 

plates  well  riveted  on  one  end  and  double  nuts  on  the  other. ,  Over  the  pther 

poiiion  of  the  centre.buildingtlie ^ceiling  joist  will  be  laid  across  t^o  w^Ils-i;^ 

the  usual  manner,  on  wall  plates,  and  the  rafiers  will  bear  upon  the  raising 

pieces,,  and  the  corridor  walls,  which  will  be  carried  up  to  the  roof;  these  vaftep 

will  all  be  3  X  8  inch  joists,  and  placed  20  inches  between. centres;  directly  uuf 

der  the  dome  will  be  laid  4  h^  14  inch  joists,  12  inches  between  centres,,  cover* 

ing  aspaee  not  less  than  40  feet  square;  this  floor  of  joists  is  to  receive  the  wa- 

ter  tank.)  and  likewise  the  sills  of  the  dome,  which  will  be  a  circular  rim' 4  x  10 

inches;  posts  4  h  9  tapered  up  to  4  h  5;  plates,  ties  an!  braces  4x5  incb^,  and 

the  upper  floor  of  j  ist  will  be  3  m  10,  ceiling  3  m  8».;\nd  the  ribs  will  be.  made 

with  3x6  scantling  (chord),  arc'pf  pl^mk  well  secured  and  braced  to  the  same. 

The  smaller  domes  and  ventilators  will  be  made  in  the  same  manner,  with  posts 

3x6  tapered  up  to  3  x  4;  the  base  of  the  dome  and  roof  will  be  boarded  from 

tinning,  and  all  other  parts  will  bo  niade  in  accordance  with  the  elevaftioil;   all 

other  external  finish  will  be  in  accordance  with  the  elevation,  vii:  ciafres-  ah€ 

cornice,  front  dressings  of  the  windows  of  the  second  story  of  tb6'  fransver^ 

wing^  the  pediment  heads  of  which  will  be  of  wo6d;  front  door  ways amdWiff- 

dows  of  centre  building  balconies,  &c    AH  partitions  not  of  1)rick  wiHbd4Y4 


u 

inch  BtUddiDg,  16  ih6Ties  t>elwe^ii  centfoB,  all  the  joists  Ifdl  have  stnps  of  lk2^ 
Such,  wdl  nailed  on  tliem  to  receive  rou^b  boarding  for  deafening  of  Bound ; 
irnd  fbe  T>oarding  will  be  Icept  2  inches  below  the  top  df  the  joists,  where  tko 
floors  are  intende<i  to  be  flagged,  the  joists  will  be  leveled  two  inches  lower  than 
ihe  otheiia,  and  in  such  cases  the  rough  boarding  may  be  nailed  on  the  top  of 
the  joists. 

FLOORS. 

Planed  and  grooved  flooring  5*4  thick  of  oak  or  yellow  pine  will  be  Uid 
and  well  nailed  to  the  joists,  and  the  joints  shot  throughout  the  building  ex- 
cepting where  the  floors  are  flagged,  including  balconies.  The  main  entrance . 
etttside  door  franae  will  be  a  large  beaded  jam,  seoured  against  the  stone  jam  of 
the  saroe^  and  the  back  door  frames  will  be  ef  3x6  inch  seaatliog  (these  last 
mentioiied  are  those  on  the  stairways  of  the  wings.) 

wniDow  rtukiits. 
All  the  window  frames  will  be  made  pYank  front,  or  casing  with  mouTding  on 
tii6  front,  and  all  double  wing  with  the  best  axle  pnllies  cord  and   weigbtav 
eicepting  on  the  dormstories,  where  thejr  will  be  hung  single,  and  In  the  Corri- 
dors where  they  wilt  be  hung  with  hinges,  and  these  wfll  be  secured  with  bolta^ 
tbp,  bottom  and  middle,  those  of  the  dormitories  Will  be  secret  hung  ;  the  sash 
Will  air  be  1  3  4  inches  ihiok  in  the  centre  building  and  transverse  wings,  they 
will  be  mud^  12  lights  in  the  usual  manner  excepting  those  opening  down  to^ 
the  floor  where  they   will  be  l5,  and  thosd  in  the  dormitory  will  be  made  5 
lights  wid^  each  5  1-2  inches  and  4  high.      Ist  and  2nd  stories  18  inches; 
and  3d  16  inches,  the  others  will  be  marked  on  the  gi'ound  plans,  4  windows 
iti  ev#ry  ward  will  have  a  wire  frame  madealnd  hung  on  the  inside  of  the  win- 
d6w8,  likewise  in  all  of  the  dormitories  for  noisy  patients  will  be  the  same  but 
of  stouter  and  stronger  materials  and  all  secured  with  looks  and  bolts,  aill  whi- 
dbws  opening  out  on  the  balconies' will  extend  to  the  floor,  and  the  lower  sHA 
Wilt  be  made  to  fly  up  into  the  head,  one  light. 

STAIRS. 

AH  the  wood  work  of  the  stairB  will  be  required  to  be  put  up,  via  :  in  the 
wiogfi  s  newel  will  be  made  of  1  1-2  inch  plank^  planed  and  grooved  together 
which  fotmsa  square  trunk  or  box,  and  which  will  be  arranged  for  a  ventila- 
tor for  the  corridor  and  will  connect  with  the  corridor  above  and  below  the 
Stain  Tk :  al  the  floor  and  ceiling,  around  this  shaft  the  Bteps  will  be  secured,  ^ 
Mug  let  into  itand  likewiae  aeeufed  on  the  iron  bearers^  whidi  will  be  pat  ap 


diftiiiet,|ii»d  separate  frovk  tb^  fhaft,  tka  other  €ImI  of  Ui«  itops  and  ludiafi 
wjU  be  akirt^od  io  tb,9  uaual  mannery  all  to-  be  propared  for  finjahing  witboul 
j^teriqg  on  the  under  aide.     The  main  flight  firat  atory  will  require  the  «te|^ 
Ul  be^aeoiired  tp  the  riaem  and  bearers^  and  trim  and  fiDtsh  around  the  floor  tm 
the  aeoood  atory  and  alao  to  aeeiwe  the  newela  on  the  firat    The  other  staiia 
will  be  ^11  of  wood*  and  oentinued   bend  rail,  and  all  the  atepa  to  be  of  oak 
ei-4  thicki  there  to  be  tongued  and  blocked  together,  and  let  into  the  wall 
atrii^  and  bailt  upon  four  carriages  of  3  inch  post%  the  hand  rail  to  be  2  l«2z 
4  1-2|  the  balustera  of  2  1-2  inch  square  at  the  base  and  the  newela  8  iiicheit 
all  of  oak,  and  the  two  latter  neatly  turned,  and  the  whole  put  up  in  a  wm^ 
plete  and  aubatantial  manner,  atairs  will  be  continued  to  the  cellar  where  thej 
are  marked  on  the  plana,  and  done  in  the  usual  manner,  likewne  etaira  will  be 
^ntinuad  up  to  the  fourth  atory  wings  in  the  same  maoner  aa  the  others  in  the 
wingi^  bpi  all  of , wood,  alao  stairs  will  be  continued  up  to  the  dome  and  will  be 
epclpaed  within  a  partition  of  boarda  planed  and  grooved,  a  groovod  floor  wtli 
be  laid  .around  the  tax)k,,  and  likewiae  up  iuto  thedonej    The  dormitory  dooi 
fi^imes  will  be  made  of  4x0  inch  ecantliog,  and  on. the  corridor  side  e  mouU* 
ing  2  inchea  wide  will  cover  the  joint  of  pkstering^  they  will  be  made  with  all 
opening;  of  Ave  inches  wide  Qver  the  door,^  aud  well  secured  into  the  walb  if 
j^mb  BcreTTS  and  stubs  at  the  bottom^  all  the  other  room,  dooia  will  be  jamk 
eased  with  twp  inch  plank  rebated,  and  aU  over  14  inchea  wide^  framed,  head 
and  butlin  imitation  of  tbe-doorsi  eloaet  doorimya  viU  be  jamb  easad  with.  Ijjf 
bch  plau)[,  the  windowa  in  the  frpnthalf  of  the  centie  building,  laL  Sd  $oi 
td  atoriea  will  be  jamb  cased  for  inside  shuttera  with  back  and.  jaokbs  oontiagsi 
to  the  floor  and  panelled  soffits,  this  panelling  will  all  be  flat  with  edgea  of  atilea 
and  rails  alightly  bevelled. 

'  The  dreeatngs  around  the  doors  of  the  parlors  and  dining  rooms  in  the  wings 
iriN'ba  an  architrave  6  inchea  wide,  first  and  third,  oentre  building  7  inches, 
MUd  in  the  second  9  inches,  all  two  inchea  thick  on  the  back  edge  ;  this  includea 
the  windows,  likewise  in  the  1st,  2nd.aud  3rd .  storiea^  front  half  of  the  centra 
intnldSng,  all  the  window  jambs  of  the  remainder  being  plastered ;  the  windowa 
hrtended  fiir  inside  shutters  will  be  finished  with  ailla  and  foscia  in.  the  usual 
ibaufier,  and  all  the  others  will  have  t\  sill  of  2  inch  plank  with  a  neat  £isciaiui« 
der  the  same.  The  wash-boards  in  the  corridors, will  be  fi  inches  wide,  the  top 
aig^' slightly  bevelled  ;  th^  skirtings  of  the  stairs  in  thewiagi  will  badonetip 
4ie  same  manner  ;  thia  style  of  waah-board  will  be- put  up  in  .the  4tl)katoriea4)( 
flfels  #!iiga  iittd  4th. story  centre  building|^  io  therparlor8..aad  diningj  room^,  of 


I 


id 

thb  wittgs  Ibe  wash-boards  i»f!l  he  6  inches  and  moulding  on  top,  and  IbeBkiri- 
ing  of  ihe  main  stairways  finisbed  to  match.  The  main  entrance  doors  will  be 
niKle  in  pair^ib  ts^6  tbicko^sesot  1^  inch  plank,  secured  together  an^  mould* 
0d  on  the  front  iiide,  bung  with  6x5  inch  butts,  and  BGcured  with  8  inch  up- 
right mortice  locks  and  iron  flush  bolts.  All  the  dbrmitory,  parlor'and  dining- 
loom'  and  cross  passage  doors  will 'be  If  inches  thict,  and  excepting  those  in 
tbenoifty  patients,  made  b^ad  and  butt  on  both  sides,  bung  with  4x4  inch  bulta 
and  secured  with "4^  inch  mortice  locks;  the  noisy  patients  dormitories  doors 
will  be  made  in  two  thicknesses  of  inch  grooved  boards  made  crosswise  and  put 
together  with  wrought  nails  and  hung  and  secured  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
oth«rs.  In  all  the  dormitory  doors  will  be  an  iron  wicket  inserted  with  a  spring 
lock  on  each  (described  under  the  head  of  iron  work)  ;  sash  doors  will  be  made 
aad  hung  in  the  partition  wall  between  the  associated  dormitories  and  the  attend- 
ants rt>oms  with  locks  same  as  dormitory  doors.  All  the  cldsets^  clothes  hop- 
pers, <himb-waiter9  and  bath-room  doors  will  be  made  the  same  as  those  of  the 
dormitories  and  1^  inches  thick,  hung  with  3J-  inch  butts,  and  secured  in  the 
same  manner  ;  the  doors  also  in  the  4th  story  of  the  wings,  also  the  doors  ia 
the  first  and  third  story  of  the  centre  building,  but  in  thickness  they  will  be 
two  inches  ;  the  doors  in  the  second  story  centre  building  will  be  panelled  the 
8ame,b«it  road©  in  two  thicknesses  of  1^  inches,  secured  together,  hung  with 
5x5  inch  butts  tind  secured  with  5  inch  mortise  locks  ;  the  4th  story  centre 
baildlt)g  room  doors  will'  be  li-  inches,  closets  1},  bung  iand  secure^  same  aa 
kbtb-toom  Aoors  ^  all  the  dOoVs' excepting  the  closed,  bath-room  ani  3d  and 
4ih  stories  oetttte  building  wiM  have  three  hinges  on  each  door. 

IKSIDB  SHUTTERS,  .  .       '     ,.         f 

All  the  windows  in  the  centre  building. will  have  inside  shutters^  one  .tncii 
thick,  in  four  folds,  bead  and  butt  on  one  side,  flat  panel  on  the  other,  an  j  ^tWey 
and  rails  slightly  bevelled,  to  be  hung  with  back  flaps  and  secured  with  hooki 
hi  the  usual  manner;  all  excepting  those  of  the  4th  story  to  be  cut  at  .the  meel^ 
ing  rail,  and  in  the  1st,  2nd  and  *3rd  stories  front  they  will  fold  is^jboxesja^i^ 
where  the  walls  are  thicker  than  required  jto  secure  the  shutters  the  jiimhj  m\h 
be  widened  to  meet  th^m,'  all  the  others  will  open  against  the  jambs  wilboMl 
bo*te  ;  the  inside  shutters  will  be  square  headed  in  all  the  franjes  ;  cloth^hpnl 
pets  will  be  madb  where  marked  on  the  plans,  enclosed  by  doors  on  ovarystpry ' 
a  boH^ntal  shaft  for  ventilation  will  te  made  of  planed  and  grooved  boards 
ever'the  cOrHdors'of  the  wings,  which  will  connect  with  tjie  v^nlil^tora.^n  iIm^ 
•«of ;  all  the  brick  fi^ek  and  likewise  the  shaft  through  stairs  will  be  made  to 


17 

«wpty  into  tho  aamo;  particular  rare  will  be  taken  to  have  it  air  tight;  thoso 
for  the  centre  building  will  be  led  by  ducts  up  into  the  dome  above  the  floor  of 
the  e^nfie,  made  smooth  on  the  inside  and  perfectly  air  tight. 

CLOSETS. 

AU  the  cloeets  will  be  made  where  marked  on  the  plans,  and  fitted  up  with 
shelves,  and,  where  seeded,  pin  rails  and  clothes  pins  of  the  most  approved 
kind ;  and  in  the  dining  rooms  and  those  for  kitchen  purposes,  ihe  sliclve* 
will  be  made  moveable  for  cleansing. 

nrMl?  WAITERS 

Will  be  made  ef  the  moat  approved  kind,  to  be  hung  with  weights, 
and,  in  additien^  a  windlass  will  he  required  to  work  from  below;  where  re- 
quired, the  dumb  waiters  will  be  enclosed  witli  doors,  which  come^under  the 
denomination  of  closet  doors,  and  will  be  made  the  same.  All  the  dumb  wait- 
an  operate  from  the  cellar  upwards. 

WATEE  CLOSETS 

Will  all  be  made  where  marked,  and  will  require  a  seat  hinged,  to  operate  in 
connection  with  the  plumbing.  Each  noisy  patient's  dormitory  will  be  fitted 
up  with  one  where  marked  on  the  plan.  The  water  closet  intended  for  the 
physidan'a  family,  will  be  enclosed,  with  riser,  in  the  usual  manner  of  dwelling 
houses. 

BATH  ROOMS. 

All  the  wood  work  required  in  the  securing  of  the  tubs  and  other  matters^ 
wDl  be  attended  to  by  the  carpenters.  Frames  for  wire  will  be  made,  and 
hung  on  the  inside  of  the  windows  of  all  the  dormitories  of  noisy  patient^ 
and  to  fonr  in  each  of  the  other  wards,  and  secured^  with  a  spring  lock  and 
bolt. 

CBAFBJm 

The  chapel  will  be  fitted  up  with  comfortable  pews  without  doors,  with 
scroQ  backs.  A  platform  will  be  nused  three  risers,  and  a  neat  pulpit  or  desk 
built  upon  the  same. 

AH  ihe  k)ck8  must  be  of  a  superior  kind,  and  case-hardened,  and  must  be 
made  so  that  the  keys  of  one  wing  cannot  possibly  open  the  locks  of  the  other; 
and  in  addition  to  the  locks  on  the  dormitory,  will  be  two  small  flush  bolts  on 
the  corridor  ride  of  the  door^  and  the  doors  will  all  be  hinged  to  open  out- 

a 


18 

wards  into  the  corridor.  The  carpenter  will  be  required  to  put  up  all  irou 
guards  and  inside  iron  frames,  and  doors  or  grates  in  the  same,  secure  all  the 
anchors  on  the  joists,  and  attend  to  setting  the  iron  window  guards  of  the  cel- 
lar. All  lintels  must  be  phiced  upon  their  edges,  and  to  suit  the  thickness  of 
the  walls,  and  none  less  than  eight  inches  deep  for  the  doors,  and  six  inches  for 
the  windows.  All  requisite  bond  timbers  and  wooden  brick  to  be  cut  for  the 
brick  layer,  and  attention  paid  to  setting  the  same;  also,  to  setting  all  window 
frames,  door  frames,  <kc. 

WASH  B0AHD3. 

The  wash  boards  in  the  centre  building,  first  and  third  stories,  will  be  ten 
inches  wide,  including  a  sub-base  of  two  and  a  half  inches;  in  the  second 
story  it  will  be  twelve  inches,  likewise  including  a  sub-base,  and  mouldings  on 
the  top  of  each.  All  the  joists  will  be  of  pine,  and  tfie  first  floor,  free  from 
sap,  and  all  the  lumber  to  be  thoroughly  seasoned,  and  of  the  beat  quality,  for 
the  different  kinds  of  work,  and  the  work  to  be  done  in  the  best  and  most  sub- 
stantial manner.  All  hardware  must  likewise  be  of  the  best  quality ;  also 
smith  work,  including  every  thing  in  both  branches  requisite  to  complete  the  ' 
carpentry  in  a  workmanlike  manner. 

TIN  WORK. 

The  whole  building,  including  domes,  ventilators  and  balconies,  will  be  cor- 
ered  with  the  bett  cross  leaded  roofing  tin,  put  on  standing  grooves,  and  well 
cleated  to  the  boards,  painted  on  both  sides,  the  upper  side  two  coats,  the  first 
coat  to  be  red  lead;  all  the  gutters  will  be  properly  formed  in  the  roof,  and  a 
sufficient  number  of  four  inch  tin  conductors  to  be  put  up  to  convey  the  water 
to  the  ground,  and  spout  stones  to  be  provided  for  the  same.  The  whole  of 
the  base  of  the  domes  will  bo  covered,  commencing  with  the  roof,  in  a  com- 
plete and  satisfactory  manner;  tin  flues,  12  inches  in  diameter,  will  be  required 
for  dust  conductors,  with  flanges  and  doors  of  iron  made  and  hang  in  th« 
cross  corridors  of  each  story  of  wings,  as  ahown  in  the  plan. 

PLASTERIXO. 

All  the  interior  walls,  partitions  and  ceilings  above  the  first  floor  will  be  plas- 
tered with  two  coats  of  brown  mortar  and  one  of  hard  white  finish;  the  cellar 
ceiling  of  the  warm  air  chamber  will  also  be  plastered  in  two  coats  of  brown 
mortar;  all  the  jambs  of  the  windows  in  the  dormitories  and  fourth  story  of  the 
wmgs  will  be  plastered  and  angles  rounded;  those  of  the  Parlors  and  Dining 


19 

rooms  ^^l]\  be  pls;st«jied  aud  a  ir.oulding  run  on  tho  angles,  as  will  also  all  the 
Nvindows  on  the  roar  portion  of  the  cenlro  buildinc^,  including  the  chapel;  in 
the  4th  8tory  front  the  jamls  will  bo  rounded;  the  inside  of  the  dornoitory 
doors  will  also  bo  rounded ;  in  the  kitcliene,  etore  rooms,  dormitories,  water 
closets,  bath  rooms  and  drjing  rooms  a  coating  of  hydraulic  cement  will  be  put 
on  the  walls  directly  above  tlie  floor  instead  of  wash  boards.  On  all  the  rough 
flooring,  excepting  the  fourth  story  centre  building,  will  be  put  a  coating  of 
mortar  one  inch  thi<k,  and  the  same  ke|>t  one  inch  below  the  top  of  the  joists 
for  deafningof  sound.  The  mortar  for  the  plastering  of  the  interior  to  becom^ 
posed  of  clean  sharp  sand,  and  fresh  burnt  lime^  and  slaughtered  hair,  io  such 
proportions  as  will  ensure  an  approved  oement. 

ROUGH  CASTING. 

All  the  exterior  walls  will  be  coated  with  rough  casting  mortar,  composed  of 
washed  sand,  fresh  burnt  lime,  and  in  the  mixture  a  portion  of  tallow,  each  in 
such  proportion  as  will  ensure  an  approved  cement,  the  whole  to  be  laid  off  in 
blocks  in  imitation  of  cut  stone,  and  tinted  as  directed.  The  architrare  of  the 
wiadows  will  be  formed  in  tho  same  material. 

SPEAKING  TUBES 

Will  be  inserted  in  the  walls  to  communicate  with  the  dining  rooms  and 
kitchen,  and  bells  also  in  connection  with  the-n. 

GAS  PIPES 

Will  be  inserted  in  the  walls  and  ceiling  all  over  the  building,  except  the 
dormitories. 

PAINTING  AND  GLAZIKO. 

AH  the  wood  work  usual  to  paint  will  be  painted  in  three  coats  of  pure 
wbite  lead  and  linseed  oil,  in  such  colors  as  directed.  All  the  iron  work  like- 
wiae  in  three  coats,  the  first  to  be  read  lead,  to  be  finished  as  <lirected.  The 
roofing  of  the  domes  all  likewise  included,  and  in  such  colors  as  directed.  All 
tli6  Msh  will  be  glazed  with  the  best  American  glass  well  bedded,  bradded 
and  hack  puttidd.  The  sizes  can  be  had  from  the  plans  on  which  they  are 
marked. 


i 


[corv.] 
PROPOSAL. 

We,  the  undersigDed,  propose  to  do  tbe  excavation  of  the  cellars  and  a]l 
other  necessary  excavation  of  earth  and  r^ck,  and  furnish  the  materiab,  and  do 
all  of  tbe  masonry,  stone  and  brick  work,  including  iron  bars,  and  bolts  and 
fastenings  for  the  same,  for  the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  in  aeeord- 
amce  with  the  plans  and  specifications  now  in  the  office  of  the  Commisdonera^ 
to  wit: 
For  excavation  of  common  earth,  and  depontibg  the  same  at  a 

convenient  distance  from  the  buildings,  and  leveling  the  same, 

per  cubic  yard, $00  35 

For  excavation  of  loose  and  detached  rock,  and  moving  the  same, 

per  cubic  yard, 00  75 

For  excavation  of  solid  rock,  and  movmg  the  same,  per  cubic  y'd,  1  50 

For  furnishing  rock,  lime,  sand,  <!rc^  and  laying  up  the  main  walk 

and  cellar,  partition  and  corridor  walls,  per  perch,  ...  4  00 

For  all  fine  cut  stone  for  sills,  pilasters,  flagging,  icc^  per  foot,      -  1  00 

For  brick  laid  in  walla,  per  thousand,       .....  13  SO 

For  iron  bars,  bolts  and  fastenings,         .....  00  25 

For  Pine  lumber  in  work, 40  00 

For  Oak      do        do 25  00 

For  lathing  in  work  complete, 25 

Tin  roofing,  per  foot,  18 

Plastering,  per  yard, 30 

Painting  main  building  and  finding  materials,  &c^     ...     1,300  00 
Painting  each  wing  and  furnishing  materials,    ....         f  75  OO 

Carpenter  work  for  main  building,  .......     9,250  00 

do  do      each' wing, 6,600  00 

F«r  all  extra  items  not  included  in  the  above  bid,  we  will  charge  the  usual 
retail  market  price.  ^ 

The  above  bid  is  on  conditions  that  the  whole  is  accepted,  and  the  snppon- 
tion  that  the  rock  can  be  had  from  the  quarry  near  the  tavern  at  (he  g<niig 
rates;  i(  however,  the  quarry  should  prove  insufilcient,  there  would  have  to  be 
added  for  hauling;  but  it  is  our  opinion,  thatjtfae  quarry  will  prove  good  and 
sufficient  for  all  purposes  with  some  expense  in  opening. 

C.  H.  LAMAR, 
ARTHUR  KEL8EY. 

Madison,  Oct  31st,  1854. 


21 

[con.] 
BOND. 

Know  all  men  by  tLese  presents,  that  ne,  Andrew  Proudfit  and  James  K^ 
Proudfit,  K  P.  Hawks,  Wm.  M.  Jacques,  Albert  Alden,  David  E.  Clapperton, 
Wro,  H.  Thomas,  Wm.  M.  Dennis,  Beriah  Brown,  William  S.  Strong,  Samuel 
Hale,  Geo.  P.  Delaplaine,  Elisha  Burdick  and  E.  W.  Edgerton,  are  held  and 
firmlj  bound  unto  the  State  of  Wisconsin  in  the  sum  of  Fifty  Thousand  Dol- 
lars,  lawful  money  of  the  United  States,  for  which  payment  well  and  tnily  to 
be  made  we  bind  ourselves,  our  heirs,  executors  and  admiaistraton  jointly  and 
severally  firmly  by  these  presents.  Sealed  with  our  seals,  and  dated  at  Madison, 
the  capitol  of  .said  state,  this  sixteenth  day  of  Novehiber.  in  the  year  of  oar 
Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  fifty-four. 

The  condition  o^the  above  obligation  ia  such  that,  whoroM  the  said  Ajidfew 
Proudfit  has  this  day  entered  into  a  contract  with  the  CommissioiMn  of  the 
Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum  to  erect  a  certain  building  therein  described- 
Now,  therefore,  if  the  said  Andrew  Proudfit  shall  well  and  truly  perform  the 
said  work,  and  erect  the  said  building  in  all  respects  in  strict  compliance  with 
the  terms  and  conditions  of  said  contract,  and  ihe  specifications  and  proposala 
thereto  annexed,  and  at  the  time  therein  named,  then  thisobligatbn  to  be  v(Md; 
otherwise  to  remam  in  full  force  and  virtue  in  law. 

ANDREW  PROUDFIT,  [l.  a.] 
JAMES  K.  PROUDFIT,  [i.  a.], 
N.  P.  BAWKSy  [Lb.} 

WILLIAM  M.  JACQUES,  [l.s.] 
ALBERT  ALDEN,  [ub.] 

DAVID  E.  CLAPPERTON,  [l.8.] 
WM.  H.  THOMAS,  [ua.] 

WILLIAM  M.  DENNIS,  [us.] 
BERIAH  BROWN,  [[l.b.1 

WM.S.  STRONG,  [i.a] 

SAMUEL  HALE,  [ua] 

GEORGE  P.  DELAPLAINE,  [u  s.] 
ELISHA  BURDICK,  [l,  a  J. 

R  W.  EDGERTON.  [us.]. 


/ 


MAJOBITY  AND  MINORITY  REPORTS 


OF  THE 


JOINT  COMMITTEE 


or  THB 


TWO  HOUSES, 


TO  mVESTIOATE  THE  MATTBKS  OF 


THE  LUMTIC  ASYLUM, 


WITH  THB 


EVroENCE  TAKEN  BEFOEE  THEM. 


MADISON: 

BEBIAH  BBOWN.  BTA.TE  PBfNTBR. 


A     I 


»  t 


i  \ 


T  r    T 


MAJORITY   REPORT. 


The  joint  committee,  appointed  to  inirefttt^e  the  vmUer%  re- 
lating to  the  State  Lnoatic  Asvhim,  have  to  tiie  best  of  their  abiii* 
Uea,  perrormed  the  duty  alBaigoed  tbein^  aud  beg  leave  to  ^report 
aafollowd. 

In  their  inveBtigatioDS}  they  have  constantly  had  reference  to 
the  re-iolution  of  the  aseemb.yi  deaignaiiug  tbe  aabject  of  inquiiji 
which  reads  as  follows: 

"  Jleaolved,  That  a  special  comfnittee  of  five  be  appointed  by 
the  speaker,  to.  investigate  and  repirt  npon  tlie  charMCter  f>f  the 
contract,  entered  into  by  tbe  com  missioned,  app<diited  under  aa 
act  to  provide  for  a  State  Lnnatic  Asrinin,  approved  March  30, 
1854,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor;  and  tlio  said 
oominittee  is  hereby  fnrtber  antliorhsed  and  instradted^  to  inquire 
into  the  manner,  in  which  contract  was  mad^,  ubat  facilities  were 
offered  by  the  commissioners  f  )r  bids,  by  any  peis<m  or  persons— 
whether  ihe  contract  contemplate:)  such  a  buildiii^  aa  was  spef^- 
fied  or  intended  by  tbe  act  that  provides  for  said  A^ylttm*  whether 
the  contract  prices  at  which  work  was  let  nnder  said  contract,  are 
reasonable  and  just^  what  will  be  the  pn;I)ahltf  cost  of  tbe  erection 
and  completion  of  said   As>Inm  npon  the  |  Ian  pn>pi>F6d  by  said 
contract,  nnder  the  terms  and  conditions  thereof.    Whether  the 
comml-sioners,  or  any»  or  either  of  them  at  the  time  of  the  exe- 
cution of  said  contract,  in  any  wise,  legally  diFqualiRed  from 
aicting  as  such  commissioners,  and  to  make  sncb  further  examina- 
tion and  investigation  in  regard  to  the  obligations  of  such   con* 
4net|  and  all  thing  rektiug  thereto,  and  in  regard  to  the  extent  in 


which  the  Sfcatto  is  liable  and  bound  by  the  same,  as  in  the  jadg- 
meQt  of  the  committee,  the  nature  of  the  case  may  demand." 

Upon  an  examination  of  authorizing  the  erection  of  an  Asylum, 
they  find  that  the  Governor  was  directed  to  appoint  three  com- 
missioners, whose  duty  it  should  fir^t  be,  to  select  and  purchase  a 
suitable  traetbf -l^d  for  the  locaAiion  of  said  ks^lutti. 

They  were  further  authorized,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Governor,  to  cause  to  be  erected  upon  the  grounds  purchased 
for  that  purpose,  suitable  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  such 
instittttioD,  the  law  particularly  specifying,' that  '^isiich  biltttlCngs 
'^shall  be  constancted  in  accordaiice  with  the  plan  of  Worcester 
'  hoBp(tel  for  the  insane,  as  recommended  by  the  eohimittee  in  tiieir 
report  to  the  senate,"  a  copy  of  which  report  is  to  be  formti  in  the 
<  journal  of  the  senite,  for  t^e  year  1864,  comaieijcing  bn  page  823. 
'  Btitbidfore  muking  such  contract^  and  after  the  &&te-fbr  such  Asy- 
lum had  been '  conveyed  to  the  State,  the  commissioners  were 
"requited  to  publish  a  noticedn  at  least  six  sewspapers  in  this  State, 
^tind  for  six  weeks  snecessively,  tihat  sealed  proposals  would  be  re- 
'eelved  by  them,  for  famishing  materials,  and  doing  the  work  for 
r'tlie  erection  of  die  Asylum  bdildin^,  specifying  in  such  no<5ee 
'particularly  die  manner  and  tiole  of  the  making  a&d  submitting  of 
^tioh  proposals,  vide  Sec.  7,  (%ap.  59,  G^net-al  Laws  of  1854.    In 
ptirsnauoe  of  thislaw,  it  appeals  that  in  the  month  of  April,  1854, 
-and  a  few  days  after  the  passage  of  the  law,  Dr.  G.  B.  McLane, 
HTM  appointed  superintendent,  and  that  D.  S.  Vittum  and  Sam  G. 
Bngh,  were  appointed  commissioners,  and  immediately  entered 
f  ilpon  the  duties  of  their  ofiSce,  and  that  in  the  month  of  July  fol- 
lowing, A:  S.  Sanborn,  was  appointed  a  third  commtesiorier,  and 
Uhe  board  was  then  made  foIK 

It  farther  appears,  from  the  testimony  of  Leonard  J.'  Farwell, 

tfiat  the  ground  for  the  location  df  the  building,  consisting  of  100 

'acres  of  land,  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison,  was  conveyed  to  the 

State  on  the  2;3d  day  of  Septenlber  last,  although  the  contract  for 

'th^  same  was  made  in  the  month  of  August  previous. 


'  On  tke  Mi4^iArkgmt,  ih«  MminimaaeisieiiateA  tolmimUx^lMA^ 
a  notice  for  proposalsy  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy :. 

^^Watice  to  CotUradoTB. 

.  Sealed  propoeala  to  be  opened  on  the  20th  d^y  of  October  next,j 
by  the  uixdersignedj  wiU  b^  received  for  fumifihio^  matierials  an4 
dping  the  work  for  the  erection,  in  the  vicinity  of  lULadi^on,  6f  the 
l^te  Lq^atic  Asylnm  buildiqg,  or  such  portion  thereof,  as  the^ 
Governor  and  commissioners  may  deem  it  advisf^ble  to  h^ve  erect; 
ed.. 

The  stone  work  and  materials,  the  plastering  and  materials,  .and^ 
the  joiner's  work  and  materials,  may  be  bid  for  separately  or  joint;, 
ly,  at  the  option  of  the  bidder. 

The  plans  and  specifications  will  be  exhibited  by  Dr^  G.  B, 
JtfcLane,  snpt.  of  said  asylum,  on  a<id  after  the  2pth  daj^  of  Sept* . 
next,  in  the  village  of  !B(adiaon,  and  nntil  the  opening^  of  said  pro- 
posals* 

S.  G.  BTJQH, 
D.  S.  VITTUM, 
A.  S.  SANBORN,     ' 
Commissioners  State  Lnnatic  Asylnn^.    . 
DaVed  August  9th,  1854.'' 

^'Tbo  opening  of  said  proposals  will  be  postponed  nntil  the  first* 
cUy.  of  Novem^ber,  and  die  reception  of  the  samt^^natil  thetwM^ti^ 
9t)i  dfij  of  Optober  next 

Hadjson,  Sept.  20tb,. 185V 

After  the  publication  of  snch  notice,  and  on  or  about  the '  81sC 
day  of  October  1894^  two  separate  proposals  were  handed  to  the 
oommissioners,  or  the  superintendent)  as  appears  i^m  their  own 
teetimony,  one  olf  which  proposals  was  signed  by  Andrew  l^roud-* 
fit)  dated  Oct.  18fth,  and  the  other  by  Lamar  and  Besley,  dated: 
Oot  31st,  copies  of  both  of  which  may  be  seen  in  the  special  re* 
port  of  the  commissioners.  See  pages  7)  and  90. 
»  No  bid  or  proposal  of  any  kind  or  description,  or  from  any  per- 
i'Wyi^rf  eoiVedby  the  oommi^aioners  «titil  after  the  SOtfi  of  Oc^ 


testimony.'  :    :    v    ^ 

The  two  and  onlj  proposals  received  or  eoosideredi  were  given 
to  the  commiesioners  on  or  about  the  Slat  daj  of  October,  eleren 
dlavB  after  tlie  time  lunited  by  the  adveiiisemetit  f  r  the  reception 
of  proposHls,  and  bntaeingle  day  before  the  opening  of  the  earner 

It  is  contended  on  the  part  of  the  cominisBioners,  that  the  no- 
tice of  postponement  fixea  the  time  for  the  reception  of  proposals 
from  the  20lh  of  October  until  the  first  of  November,  and  thatr 
after  the  20th  of  September,  the  date  of  the  notice  of  postpone- 
ment up  to  the  20th  of  October,  no  proposals  could  bo  received, 
.  which  would  leave  the  whole  matter  in  this  shape. 

Under  the  first  notice,  proposals  were  to  bo  received  until  the 
20th  of  October,  at  which  time,  they  were  to  be  opened,  and  on 
the  appearance  of  the  notice  of  postponement,  which  was  the  20th 
of  September,  then  the  time  of  reception  ^as  suspended  until  the 
twentieth  of  October,  after  which  time,  and  until  the  first  of  No- 
vember only,  could  bids  be  received. 

This,  in  thp  opinion  of  your  committee,  is  a  construction  which 
the  language  employed  by  the  commissioners  will  not  authorize. 
Under  the  notice  published  they  had  no  right  to  receive  any  bida 
after  the  20th  of  October,  and  as  before  that  time  no  proposals  fpf 
the  building  were  received  by  the  commissioners,  the  time  limited 
for  their  reception  expired  without  any  being  placed  in  their 
hands,  and  the  reception  of  bids  after  the  20th  of  October,  was 
wholly  unauthorized,  contrary  to  the  notice  of  publication,  and  ia 
direct  violation  of  the  provisions  of  the  law«  Agaia^  thecorarais* 
aieners  violated  the  7th  section  of  the  act  under  whidi  they  were 
appointed,  in  ca^using  any  notice  to.be  published  before  the  site 
for  such  asylum  bad  been  conveyed  to  the  state,  ^nd  the  notioe 
pnbLshed  on  the  9th  of  August,  was  wholly  without  law  or  authoii. 
tgr.  Nor  had  the  grounds  been  conveyed  to  the  state  at  the  time 
tlie  notice  of  postponement  bears  date. 

The  commissioners  further  disregarded  tiiat  portion  ef  the  law 
whioh  required  •that  the  nptiee  of  publieation  for  sealed  progposids 


ilimktbefort{]riiMltf«ftotllMfUe  lb«f:ti^^^  bad 

<Hnvtjed  totheistete^  Smsh  «Mk¥^j»iui» hetdg tauid6  m  tfi#  iUl 
«f  Sitpteariwr^  MA^eif^oiMidB  b^fatg-.  opened  oa  tfae/ifil  of  iN^ 
^Bta^bar."  ■  ••  '  •■'.'•  •  ■•.«.;■;•  iv 

{  Your  dommittee  are  ttfereBgtheiiad  mi  the  cbsdMbnte  ufafok 
tbej  have  necessarily  arrived,  with  reference  to  the  oidj;,>Qoiutai04 
tiw  tUa6  CAH  praiye%  be  girfe^i  to  tlM  notice  of  postponemetit^by 
thetytfteonj  of.  the  oommiMtfiiaiiB  tfaeaaos^U^, 
.  The  lUniM .  of  Mr.  Yittim*  om  of  the  MmnvmlD^n,fted  ^ 
lie  might  not  (bo  able  to  bo  pii^<3Kt  nl  ;tb|6  .op^nin^  of  /hide*  eai 
the  S04h  oC  October*  was  assigned -a4  a  nasta  fer  Ibo  MliGe:el 
postpoMment,  wlmh  was  petbApt  a  gooda^djiitffleienfe.oms^  fos 
d^lajpiQtbe  opeQing  of  propt^als,'  aod'at  the. same  titbo  ,w^d 
have  famished  an  excase  and  justification  to  thetii  in  iiefeiii^'^to 
e^lend  liie .tini^ far :aA.reeefitianiOf  pro|>08SilSy hudidiffiiBeatAir- 
eoilf  stfmoes;  90  reqnired.  \  Thci  loonstra^kiea  aow  akked  for.  bgi  Amm 
h 6tteh aowonldneTOt SnggfefbAtaelf/ to tbeindBd of  wmj^'pttmm kt 
iMdfngithe  notice^  and  jf  U  ifi^  the  real  intahtioa  of 'tho'eAninte 
ijoners^to  poslij^e  the  ititoe.ftir. this  iMeptiika  of  bids,  ihejr  odbwrs 
o^rtiij^nl;  Ynrj  m^fortnafeito  it)  the  laHgtH^e  nMd.  .  • . 
;  Agatoi  what  ooosiistenQ?  we^uld  tUeme  ^be  in  reoeitwgr  proposal 
|p^mttvee(h. qf  Ai^^st:m»^il  tho^th eCfiysptemb^r^lthenjtalifcdjr. 
iiMp^pdiag^  nmontb  their  rbcepti^niy  afteifiraids  lto<  VttMmed 
tut  tee  d«(^s,and  if  there  ^ras^ah^  impropmetijr  ui  piaoisg  bii«bfc 
hands  of  the  commissioners  proposals  daripg  this  mf  nth  foUo*t]|g 
IM.  SCilb of  Soptesaher^. would  not  the  sajQai0  rea»on»  h<Hd  g00difor 
Ibe  eionth  pi<eiQtdiog} 

.  Ill  luaothev  partfcdlar  wae  thhi^ite'defeoUWi  and  Q0t4n  aisooidi 
weo  with*  the  epirit  and  rintentipi»  of  itb»  aet^  ui  net  d^borihi^g:  dafj 
ftaitei^  what  psirtion  of  th^  buUdii%  feb^  wished  to  J^eoetvfo  bidfr 
£6r,  whether  the  whole  or  A'ptir^ 

Ai>  individixaV  (m^t  havie  wt^hadjtpmahe.propoials  fona^pDr* 
lion  of  the  buikjing,  whoWQnldnotbiii^e;b0en  ablort^/bayo  giTOib 
the  necessary  bonds  for  a  contract  for  the  entire  buttdilgi  ot/fiir 
'Othar  reaeaQa  woaU  «M  haYQuriehad  m  eiftwiif e.^MntnM.  a 


Hit^te  idletti'l^fwtmlb  Wotk,  <fa  9Miagia.n6ticeirliiehItfft  itirkolijr 
dMrdtidtoatfy  ix^th  the  commlflBioneTS  tq-  determine  hicyfr  maph  oi» 
what  portion  of  the  building  Bhonld  be  erected  after  the  pMpMiAir 
lifadtbeeKlffabttittedy  might  bsve  been  det^red  Anim  bidding  on 
ibatlM500V|i!L 

:  B4fliMi  ny  notic*  inii  publidfaAd,  in  the  opinipn  of  your  caat^ 
mittee,  the  plans  and  all  ptans  nraalsndnecesaayj  for  mak&flg  #M 
ft€p<i0ate,  togeAebr  with  the  proper  spedficatioDs,  shoold  have 
teentpr^dved  and  Yeadj  for  exhibition.  The  portion  of  tlie  bvSMk 
ftigttoi  b^  erected  de^ruined  «pon,  the  atnonnt  of  work  aod  mm- 
teitad  iiiad€i  cdvtain)  aiid  then  a  full  opportnnitj,  of  at  least  ttlse 
wieietar,  gi^en  to-  the  pnblie  for  the  examination  of  platos  and^ 
pteparallM  of  bids. 

Too  siach  paina  conld  not  have  been  takeh  by  the  commigftiofi^ 
«H  ib  ealling'to  the  matter  the  attention'  of  the  public,  in  affordfag* 
Id  <ionitaete>ra  or  iadiiddnals  who  might  wish  to  bid|  evvry  ftMSili^ 
fair  inAmaation  within  thdr  power,  thAt  the  interests  of  IheStiM 
Bright  not  snftr  for  the  want  of  fair  and  just  competitloB,  or  tli« 
appearance  of  fayoritiftn  be  given  to  the  whole  tramBaotion*  Oemf^ 
sUasionef  Sanborn,  itt  a  letter  bearing  date  October  the  19,  VS64^^ 
0tikM  than  *<  It  will  be  a  g^eat  eontraot  and  reqni^  a  vast  nncimt 
6t  labor'';  and  in  proportion  to  the  va^tness  of  the  etiterpriiv 
should  Imits  bidon  the  means  employed  by  them,  in  giTing*  to  1M 
whole  mutter  pnbliolty. 

Ekriiig  gtten  a  brief  a«)connt  of  all  the  matters  cooneetM  witf 
the  Asylum,  so  far  as  they  have  come  to  the  knovdedge  of  yomr 
ebaftnyitee,  np  to  the  time  of  the  publication  of  tbe  notice  ftr  pro* 
pbsabi  ^w«  ^11  proc€«d  in  as  brief  a  manner  as  posttble  t^  nairato 
Hie  reenlt  of  our  investigations  in  reference  to  the  several  objects  ¥t 
inquiry  contained  in  the  resolution  of  the  assembly. 

:FfHlty«Btotlie  manner  ik  which  tlie  contract  was  made^  ted 
sseendljf,  "Miat  facilities  were  given  by  the  conlaraetoi^foi^  ih0 
maklig^bldei 

As  tlis  eMMideiMion  ol^tbe  Ant  wonMof  Moeedity   sMM 


tto  0Mie«tifli$.  Ift^the  iioklce^ft)r  pro^M)^!,  pnUli^dC^  i»t*  ebii^till 
iM  ftii  4}«7' of  Att^ogt, il  tlatWM^ftllo^s t  '^Thef  plttnvud ^o- 
ItuiBAiWB  ^ill  iMi  exhibited  by^  Dr;  e.  E.  McLioe^  6«p^  of  eaM 
eeylum,  oii  aiid  after  tlie  dOth  day  of  Sept.  next,  in  di^  rilltge  ^ 
Madketf,  Md> tmtil  Ae  >epeii{ng  of  sitid  proposal*/' 

'  Itoaniiot'bntbe'se^at  a  glance  thai;  tke  notiee  ie  etill  fi^r  aft- 
eflMTTmioii, Tery  indeiiiite aDdizMuffldentj^foftlie  feaion  that  it 
does  q0t  poitat  wl  ordedgnato  any^  partiealar  placfe,  otteey  ot 
balldfaif,  wheMtfie  plans  might  bo  seen,  andonlf  informathV 
pvbliethattbay^nllbeexUbitodbyDf.  McLane,in  tUeviiiag^' 
of  IMDidiaon. 

If  Dr.  McLane  Jtiad  been  a  resident  of  Madison,  and  bad  an  o^ 
ftoe  iQ  tike  viflage,  or  if  ho  ^ad  established  an  oflMe  in  that  viUage 
as  9iip?t  of  tiie  asyhiBi,  or  even  if  the  eommlseioner*  themselTea 
had  preTided  an  offioe  fbr  the  aocommodaldoB  of  the  offleera  oi 
tint  iaatitatioiiy  then  perttaps  there  might  ha^e  been  aomo  excneof 
kt^ibmyBrj.  loose  and  Tague  numnerin  which. the  notice  is  dia^nv 

.  BotiniiUier  the  gnp't  or  the  eomroisslanttrs  in  thel^  indindodi 
er^ffieMd  cflqpacities  had'  anj  office. in  the  villi^  of  lladison  from* 
liieMiiday  of  Angnst  until  the  first  of  November,  andhenoe  the» 
rmsen  that  the  paitiieular  plaoe  where  snch  plans  could  be  'Seen 
eisghtto have  been  particularly  speetfied. 

OnowitDesS)  Kr.LUrsey,  testified  that  he  called  at  the  offioe  oi 
at  arthtlset  residing  in  Hadieon,  thinking  tbatasnopkoewaa 
ftamfld  in  the  notiee^  the  most  natural  place  to  find  the  plans,, 
vteld  be  at  the  architect's  oflBce,  and  that  being  both  unable  to^ 
find  the  pUas  or  their  whereabouts^  he  was  preirented  from  putting 
teproposalafor  a  contract  that  be  was  desirous  to  bid  Ibr.  How 
araay  others,  eillier  residing  in  the  village  of  Madison,  or  othei^ 
IMDTts  of  the  state^  there  nu^  hhve  been  similarly  situated,  it*  is  of 
eonree  impossiUa  to  estiosat6«-<that  theoe  were  many  ia  ttot.viery 
oiqEMMide. 

f  Whether  oc  not  ther^  was  any  design  in  so  drawing  the  notice^* 
as'  eitbar  Satenttonally  to  mislead  ih^  pAblic  «r  withhdid:fiN>aii  them 


10 

tbat  iBft>eiiiiali<m  wbieh  wm  to  itnportant  xq  order  that  alt  migl* 
have  jtho  save  advaatagiea  ia  ooropetiag  tor  ao  lariga  a  joK|  or 
wbetliar  it  w|i8  the  rosalt  of  carel^^sncts  or'inatteition,  iM  4o:aal 
wish  to  gtyo  an  opinioti.  That  tbo  tiotibe  ^otUd  bavl»  dotigaattA 
lomo  fmrticolar  placo  of  easy  and  cotiTenieiit  aeeesa  to  the  pobUo^ 
all  will  admit.  The  facta  as  proTod  beft^re  the  ooolniif^teia  show 
that  euch  plans  ad  Dr.  H cLane  brought  back  with  him  from  hia 
oastern  trip  were  firat  placed  in  the  GoTiBrnor's  room — afierwatda 
vamoTodto  the  conenhation  room  of  the  jadges  of  tlie  Bmprtm^ 
Court ;  a  third  time  changed  to  the  office  of  the  Atfeorney,  and  laafc- 
IjF,  earried  to  the  room  in  JBruen'a  block,  now  ooonpied  bj  thecoa* 
missioners,  which  last  removal  was  sometime  in  the  month  of  Ko- 
Tember,  and  after  the  awarding  of  the  contract. 

In  answering  the  qnestion  whether  proper  Cscilities  were  giTVl 
for  bids,  the  &ct  that  no  sufficient  notice  was  given,  or  no  proper 
offioe  pi^ovided,  is  of  bnt  little  consequence,  as  it  is  shown  contiv* 
aivelj  by  the  testimony  that  no  plans  from  which  an  arohitect  ar 
contractor  conld  make  proper  proposals,  bad  reached  Madison  tintil 
the  S6th  of  October,  only  four  days  before  the  opening  of  bida.  .  It 
ia  true  that  upon  this  point  the  evidence- may  appear  somelwhal 
eonflicting^  bnt  upon  consideration  of  all  the  fads  that  came  to 
the  knowledge  of  the  commitee,  the  testimony  of  difiareat  indi* 
vidnals  examined  with  reference  to  that  matter,  we  eame  to  the 
unanimous  condosion  that  the  plans  and  drawings  designed  es^« 
eially  for  this  asylum,  and  which  were  prepared  by  Messrs.  Sloan 
and  Stewart,  architects,  residing  in  Philadelphia,  at  an  expense  of 
acme  $300,  and  which  are  the  only  plans  now  in  possehsioo  of  the 
commisaiooers,  from  which  proper  esti.natee  or  propoaals  cooM  be 
made,  first  teacbed  the  hands  of  tlie  commissioners  on  the  S6th  e( 
October  last.  Dr.  McLane,  when  firat  called,  and  be  was  the  UnA 
witness  who  testified,  says  'Uhe  plans  and  speuifieationa  ibr  tk^ 
building  were  prepared  and  open  Ibr  inspection  about  the  l&th  of 
of  September,  and  that  they  were  open  for  inspection  at  all  tioea 
thereafter,  until  the  lettmpr  of  tbo  contract,''  but  the  plsna  referred 
teivem  not  the  plana  particularly  •  deaigaed  or  prepared*  for  tlie 


u 

AjrHimv  <n^  sQcIx  ptemt  as  <«»fciiMto0  for  ])|o|mi]«  w«ldfffoiMwljrtNi 
made  from. 

:it&ea»r8»  Sloan  aiuiStewart,  in  A  l^ilter  to  th(0  eomnittoei  aMto 
tbM  Ibey  ba^  the  plans  prepared  on  th0  &»e  of  October,  Imt  eai^ 
]M>I  atate  tbe  preoi^e  time  whentbey left  Pliiladeiphia.  Then^enfc. 
of  tbe  expre98  company,  sajs  tbe  tin  cm,  vrbick  waa  adooiHted  tOt 
Iiaye  cojBUiuod  tlie  plaos,  was  ^ivered  oo  theSjStbof  O^tbbvf^ 
and  that  it  lefd  Cl^Feland  en  tbe  20tb,  and  Mr.  Sanboro^  wben 
fitat  smartii  saya^tbey  oame  oa  or  aboat  tbe  85tb  of  Qetober. 

Tbifli  toEKrluBioia  id  also  cofiftrmed  by  the  faiit,  tbf(t  different  pte**. 
sons  who  oalled  iat  tbeOovernor^s  and  coosaltatiOn  roqpn  durkig^ihAt 
mdnth  ^,  Octbher^  for  tbe  parpo9e  fit  iSeeiug  tbe  piM$,  to  enitUA 
them  to  Qiake  ant  propoaak,  were  informed  that  tbe^  plaad  IM  apt 
yeit  arriTed^  and  Mr.  Sanborn^  one  of  tbo  eotnmisaionersi  in  a  lofr- 
tar  written  to  W.  &.  Sailey,,  bearing  dtte,  Oetober  the  ISlli,  sagre, 
'f  The  plans  and  spedfio^iQlka)  lor  tbss  aaylnm  bare  not.yefc  b0en 
aabmiited,  or  a^eed  npen. 

''I  stipposetbey  m^l  be  made  pabU^ontbeSDtiiOf  this Uonth.'.'. 
Again  hb  writes,,  in  a  letter  of  ejame  date :  <^  Kothtagi  can  be  dM^f 
in  the  way  of  taking  contracts,  until  the  plans  arc  agreed  npan^> 
When  tbe  plans  are  submitted,  necessarily  need  to  ^me  and  rise 
them  in  order  to  know  what  work^  and  hOw  maeb,  is^  to. be  dim6J'j 

In  another  letter  from  commissions  Sanbom^to  same  person^, 
bearing  date-tbe  19th  of  October,  the  following  langaageis  used:, 
*^  I  suppose  those  plans  will  be  exhibited  oi>  and  after  tomehpwv 
and  "  &G<«  aU  of  whieb  goes  to  show  tiiat  not  oilly  tbe  plani  bad 
not  arrived, bnt  that. np  to  the.l9tb  of  October,  no.planshad  bMn 
i^reed  npoa  by.'tbo  board  of  commlssionsrs  as  tbe  basis  fbr  .tba 
WiaeonaUk  at;liim,or  if  sneh  plans  weire  in  their  possessioni  tbajr. 
had  been -earetWly  kept  from  public  inspection.  ^ 
'  Edward  lUsley,  a  witness  called,  testified  that  early  in  the  moi^th 
of  October,  ho  called  at  the  Governor's  room^  and  inquired  fo^4ha< 
plans  and  specifications,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  him  to  make 
ant  proofOsaU,  and  that  he  was  informed  that<  tbe  plans  aadepeeH 
ftsations  were  not  there^  except  the  front  elevatbn^  and  that  wftv 


13 

iieis  Wft4  iM|b' directed  to  ai^  other  pfaee  wkem  8iioh  {^laiis  and 
specifications  might  be  found. 

-  Benjamin  Jndkins,  another*  wkness  called  and  sworn,  says  diat 
aboQt  UDb  fiifit  of  Octob^,  he  olilled  at. the  office  of  Ae  commia- 
sioners,  in  the  capitol,  and  fonnd  Dr.  McLane,  and  that  on  caUing 
fw  the  plans  and  specificatioDs,  witness  (Jodkins,)  was  informed 
tbat  the  ground  plan  was  to  be  seen,  bnt  that  the  others^  as  weU 
as  the  specifications  had  not  arriv-ed,  bnt  would  be  received  iu 
about  a  week,  at  the  same  time  stating  that  the  ground  plan  refer* 
red'  to,  was  called  hy  architects  the  front  elevation  plan.  He  for- 
thartestifies  that  about  a  week  or  ten  dajs  thereafter,  and  abovfe 
the  10th  of  Oetober,  he  called  again  at  the  office,  and  asked  if  the. 
pOaais  Ad  specifications  were  then  ready  te  be  seen,  stating  at  the 
Bilme  time,  that  the  object  was  to  bid^  and  thereupon,  he  was  in*. 
foTQied  that  they  were  not  then  ready,  or  had  not  been  received. 

Arthur  Besley  sworn,  says  that  about  the  86th  of  October,  he 
asked  Mr.  Sanborn  about  the  plans  and  specifications,  and  San- 
bom  toid  him  that  Br.  McLane  was  to  have  had  them  here  be£>re 
tinA  time,  and  he  did  not  kuow  the  reason  why  they  had  Bofe 
ca»e. 

f'  It  fitother  appears  ftom  the  testimony  of  witness  competent  to 
judge  upon  that  matter,  that  it  would  require  from  eight  te  ten 
daya  to  makeout  proper  proposals,  in  the  manner  ini  whidi  they 
am  nsually  made,  after  having  had  a  full  opportunity  to  examine 
the  plans  and  specifleations. 

iStich  being  a  hislory  of  the  flscts,  with  no  proper  plana  &om 
whfeh  to  make  proposals,  tntil  six  days  after  the  time  had  expired 
ibr  their  reception,  or  with  their  construction  of  the  notice,  bat 
fljiur  days  prior  to  the  limitfltion,  while  it  is  an  easy  matter  to 
solve  the  question  why  not  more  than  two  bids  were  offered  for  wy 
imporCant  a  work,  it  is  only  to  be  wondered  tbat  even  those  two 
sbeicdd  have  been  ma4e. 

'  tn^eoiisideriQg  thesub^eet  of  the  manner  in  which  the  cod* 
lnwt'Wasmade,.wehave  to  remark  further,  that  no  eetimaleB' 
vAate^r,  of  the  coats  of  the  building  upon  the  plan  adopted 


were  isMle  or  pvoeoiml  by  Anb  ipmxmiAomdm^  and  4t  thA  'tiM -Ibey 
^^ntered  int^  a  ooBtraet)  t^ey  w^re  ia  «tler  igaoraace  ^jtbfi  »imii^ 
tabe  aiyipend^  erwl>aMba.l>aU4i9g ought  tocost,  if  ibd  vMHw- 
eeB<tf  thd'fitate'had'baaD(^^x]iati84iUe,  thetrdaftarjr  gn^aaing  Vitb 
a^Qperabnudaoo^of  tbe]^Decioua  n^eUd,  ani  tb«  e^imwiBaiiNMlia 
clothed  wkh  'Udlimit0d  p^»w#r,  au  eDCcqse,  but  no  ?6aaaQ|  teoilD 
Jbarc  baeo  furaiBbed  for  so  rec^Iifea  an  iadifferenjcertoithe  tfti^  aa- 
tereats  of  the  state* 

It  is  not  the  manner  in  wUch  all  {>rii4ent  individikfyie  -iianaoe 
their  own  private  matters,  and  such  a^ooaiiBe'Of  prodedoM  d^^ves 
none  the  lees  to  beco&demne4,.^hen  the  interests  of  the  pti^Uic 
are  confided  to  die  'hands  of  its  effioeis.  Pf  mlenfce  and  ecoz^id^^ 
'wonld  hore-det^eted  that  somegrosa  sam  should  hiirelbeen  nameA 
•in  the  contract^' within  whieh  the  whole  eost  of  the  baildiag  shiMdA 
be  limited,  for  in  the  manner  in  which  the  conbraot^  b  made^  itds 
of  that  elastic  kifidt  that  is  capable  oi  altndst  indefiniter  ejipan- 
.aiod.         •'  •  •  '.,.:•■     I 

The  specifications,  in  many  particulars,  are  deficient  Sfi^upf, 
full,  many  important  parte- of  the  work  are  left  to  th^  discretion 
of  the  contractor,  and  whenever  it  may  be  advantageoos,  or  profit- 
able fo^  him  to  use  more  of  any  material  than  is  absolutely  A^y 
cessary  raider  the  terms  of  the  contraot,  be  cannot  be  weUpretVente 
ed  from  so  doing.  But  the  copmittee  waiving  for  the  pre^afU; 
this  branch  of  the  inquiry,  will  pajs^  to  the  consideration  ot  tbe^le- 
gality  and  binding  force  of  the  contract.  •      '  \ 

In  the  consideration  of  a  subject  of  this  maguitude^it ;bepemea,Qfe 
cessary  to  examine  not  only  what  the  conmissionei^.di^  do  under 
the  advic^  of  the  Governor,  but  what  they-  were  aut^rj^ed  to»  d^^ 

Before,  the  passage  of  the  act,  entitled /^an  apt  to,  provic^  for  , ft 
State  Lunatii:^  Asylum,"  <  there  was  no  authority  t9  jappoint  eu^ 
commissioners,  and  incase  they  had  been  appointed  fipntf^ry/tp 
law,  there  was  no  authority  for  them  to  act.  The  only  power /p 
^point  those  commissioners  arose  froo^  tUo  .p^piago*  of.  th.at  1^^^ 
and  thci  only  power  of  the  commissiopffs.  when  appcdntej^.  up'der 
it|  waa  derived,  and  could  .o^ly  be  derive^l.from  ito.'e:q^f8#;pr|0J|ji|- 
ions. 


u 

Wluit  wer&  tiuMe  prori Aons,  and  ivliftt  w«re  tbe  pow«rg  of  thefte 
iomitife'siuDer^,  are  the  grei^  que8tioD6  upon  the  determination  of 
whieh  thifi  state  is  to  save  or  to  lose  a  very  large  snm  of  monej. 

Tear  committee  feels  great  delicacy  in  approaching  the  discoa* 
iionof  this  branch  of  the  snhject  frr>m  the  fact  that  the  contractor, 
Hr.  Prondfit,  employed  Messrs.  Byai),  Arnold,  Kandles,  Orton 
and  Khowlron,  all  distingnished  lawyers,  to  appear  before  yonr 
committee  either  with  oral  or  written  argnraents  in  faror  of  the 
falidity  of  his  contract  as  against  the  state. 

Yet  a  inaj'M'ity  of  yooi*  committee,  fnlly  conceding  the  eminent 
ability  of  the  contractor's  c^nnsel,  and  in  full  view  of  their  respon* 
aibility,  most  fnlly  declare  that  they  are  satisfied  beyond  a  qnea* 
tioD  or  cavil,  that  the  contract  is  not  binding  against  the  8tate,and 
that  none  bnt  connBel  so  able  conldhave  ever  made  an  agreement 
in  Its  favor  appear  plausible. 

The  reasons  which  have  satisfied  yonr  comthittee,  appear  so 
plain  to  your  committee,  that  it  would  seem  not  even  to  require  8 
lawyer  to  maintain  them. 

Tour  committee,  in  consideration  of  the  importance  of  the  enb* 

~ject,  feel  bound  at  Some  length  to  discuss  and  dissect  the  law,  and 

the  contract,  which  it  is  pretended  was  made  under  it.    The  first 

■action  of  the  act  provides  for  the  appointment  of  three  commia- 

Bioners,  and  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  for  the  Lunatic  Asylum. 

The  second  section  provides  the  manner  in  which  the  land  shall 
be  conveyed  to  the  state,  and  for  the  payment  of  the  purchase 
money  for  the  eame. 

Section  three  says,  "  The  said  commissioners  are  hereby  farther 
authorized,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor,  to  cfnuse 
to  be  erected  npun  the  grounds  purchased  for  that  purpose,  snita- 
l^le  biiildings  for  the  use  and  accommodation  of  said  institution, 
which  shall  hereafter  be  called  and  known  by  the  name  of  th^ 
Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum  ;  and  also  to  make  such  other 
ItoprovementB  upon  antl  about  the  grounds,  a^  they  may  think  ex* 
pedient  and  proper/'  If  the  act  had  stopped  with  section  three, 
^e  power  of  the  commissioners,  acting  under  their  discretion  in 


r 


ai^odgliig  what  were ioltable  bnildingt  fat  tbe  use  Md  aecoauttoda- 
tion  ot  8iud  ioBtilation,  would  bard  been  atilimiled  estoept  Air  tbe 
eenderTatiTe  power  and  BoperviBian  wbiob  tbe  Governor  had  over 
allihriraetB. 

Thejr  were  ovHy  aattiorissed  to  oanee  bnildinge  t»  be  erected  as 
<ke  Governor  advised  and  eoneentod,  and  witbout  his  advice  and 
ootiBeDt  coald  eante  nothing  to  be  ereeted. 

TliatconBervAtire  provision  was  a  wige  one,  andiras  intended 
to'  prerent  an  inconsiderate,  iinpmper  and  aajtist  contract  from  be* 
lag  entered  into;  to  prevent  any- improper  license  wliich  tite  com* 
tebsionera  might  assume  iu  causing  the  ereetion  of  these  build* 
ings ;  to  prevent  large  sums  I'f  the  public  moneys  to  be  udelessly 
■qiia&deved,  and  in  fall  reiianree  upon  bis  integritj,  to  make  him 
a  guardian  over  the  pubiio  inturests  of  tbe  state* 

For  these  purposes  soeb  is  the  provisions  of  section  tliree,  and 
noeontrsct  could  Imve  been  perfected  over  which  he  had  no  con* 
trol)  and  none  would  have  been  obligatory  upon  tbe  state  from 
which  he  withheld  hisassenl^  even  though  the  commissioners  had 
to  tbe  letter  confined  themselves  to  Ibe  act  iil  lotting  a  contract, 
or  in.  causing  buildings  to  be  erected.  It  required,  therefore,  not 
only  the  aeti^m  of  tbe  comnussidners,  but  also  the  act  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, by  adrieeand  consent,  to  make  a  contract  obligatory  upon 
the  stata 

Tbe  Governor  alone  could  not  make  a  contract  of  any  kind  un- 
der thia  act,  and  the  commissioners  alone  could  not  make  a  con- 
tract for  the  erectio  I  of  suitable  buildings.  To  make  a  contract^ 
Uferbfure,  reqtkired  the  action  of  the  commissioners  and  tiie  con- 
csrreAoe  of  the  Governor,  making  thepci  all  parties  to  the  contract 
in  their  separate  capacit.es  as  agents  of  tbe  state. 

Butto  make  a  legal  contract,  something  else  than  the  acts  of 
commisstoners  and  the  advice  and  cmcurrence  of  the  Governor 
was  necessary*  It  was  necetiisary  that  both  the  Governor  and 
eo«ninis*iottera  should  act  witliin  the  scope  cf  their  authority. 
Hhm  Gov^imor^  by  virtue  of  his  office,  had  no  more  to  do  with  a 
lamatia  Aiykos,  oatoidie  <tf  this  act,  than  any  private  individuai 


16 

"tM^  w$ayB^i^  tnudi  UmiM  iatha  ^kaxant^ot  hi9  diituif  .Mtbe 
commissioners  were  in  the  character  of  theirs,  and  he  bad  no  moc^ 
«jgbtto^advi4eApd  o(««eat  to  an  ill^al  or  fratkdolaat  eontnu^t 
Uhui  the  (comQiiwoMf^  bad  to  make  one.  -  He  bad  a  conaeryiktivf 
power  to  control  the  actj(Oa  of  the  commissionerB,  and  to  prerent 
tajbt  fifi,  bathe,-aa  well  as  thej^  were  confined  in  all  their  antimsy 
•tojnsimiielftHinitsaaavd  and  were  preacribed  bj  the  «cL  AU 
their  pow^r  came  by.  the  act,  and  what  did  not  xM^iie  bj  theMt 
fheOoremorand  ^^ommissionerl  had  no  xight  to  ezerciae,  aad 
while  the  state  would  be  bonnd  by  their  contract  if  made  within 
«he  limits:  of  their  authority ,  yet  it  conld  in  no  wise  be  bound  by 
their  excesses,  beyond  the  warrant  of  the  act. 

Tonr  comnlittee  snggetod  that  If  thd  act  hadatepped  with  sec- 
tion three,  the  power  of  the  Govevnor  and  eommiseioners  would 
)\aTe  been  almost  nnlimited ;  bnt  it  did  not  stop  there.  There 
were  other  sections  which  have  a  very  important  bearing  npon 
.this  case.  Section  three  says  the  commissioners,  with  Ae  adriee 
and  consent  of  the  QoTemor,  shall  eanse  to  be  erected  snitable 
bnildiags,  &e. ;  and  section  foor  tells  ua  what  those  suitable  balld* 
ings'shall.be,  and  it  refers  by  its  particular  phraseology  to  the 
suitable  buildings  mentioned  in  section  three.  It  saySf  ^^Snnh 
bttilidings  shall  be  eonstructod  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the 
Woreester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  as  recommended  by  the  coalr 
,mittee  in  their  report  to  the  senate." 

Tl)e  weirds  ^^  such  buildings/'  in  the  first  part  of  aeofeionfoar,  ve- 
fer  to  the  ^^soitable  buildinge ''  whidi  the  commiBsioaen  wiece  auh 
thorized  to  cause  to  be  erected,  with  the  advioe  and  ttwaentof  tht 
6orevnor,.meiktioaed  in  section  three*  The  first  ditpiaoa  of  sec- 
-tkm  four  is  neither  premiasory  or  proviaianaL  It  ia  ceespalecafy. 
St  is,  in  effieotand  intent,  an  order, — a  conmaQd  to  the  Qo^ftecngr 
and  c(«imisaictneir8.  <^  Suak  IvUdinfs  ahaU  ft»  omstruaUd  dn  m^ 
£otiemoewih  the  plan  iffthe  WwrcMeit^  Eoipitol/im  AU  AfMM€, 
imrec9mmended^^^  dbtf.    The  two  seotions,  ea  wall  asal}  tieaeetiai^ 


17 

in  the  act,  are  to  be  coostroed  together,  to  aftcortaia  the  intent  of 
the  legislature. 

They  do  not  conflict  in  the  least.  The  8d  section,  as  was  before 
remarked,  authorizes  the  erection  of  "  suitable  buildings,"  Ac, 
and  the  4tb  section  states  distinctly  what  those  suitable  buildings 
shall  be ;  or  in  other  words,  after  what  plarh  they  shall  be  con- 
Hructed.  If  the  act  had  intended  to  leave  the  plan  altogether  to 
the  discretion  and  determination  of  the  Governor  and  commission* 
ers,  it  would  not  have  specified  any  particular  plan,  and  then  de- 
clared that  *Uuch  buildings  shall  be  constructed  "  in  accordance 
with  that  plan.  If  it  had  intended  that  the  commissioners,  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor,  should  adopt  any  plan  of 
any  State,  or  of  the  United  States,  it  would  have  said  so,  and  noi 
have  said  to  them — "  Messrs.  Cmnmiesioners  and  Governor,  you 
are  authorized  to  cause  to  be  erected  suitable  buildings  for  the  use 
and  accommodation  of  said  institution,  and  such  buildings  shall  be^ 
oonstrncted  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospi- 
tal for  the  insane,  as  recommended,"  &c.  These  diflerent  sections- 
of  the  ilct)  as  we  said,  are  not  to  be  construed  separately,  but  in* 
order  t6  ascertain  the  intention  of  the  legislature,  not  only  sectional 
three  and  four  are  to  be  construed  together,  but  all  the  sections  of' 
the  act  are  to  be  so  construed. 

For  autiiority  upon  this  point,  yonr  committee  refers  to  Bacon's- 
Abridgement,  vol.  7,  page  452  ;  "  The  most  natural  and  genuine 
way  of  construing  a  statute  is,  to  constrne  one  part  by  another 
part  of  the  same  statute ;  for  this  best  expresseth  the  meaning  of 
the  makers."  "  If  any  part  of  a  statute  be  obscure,  it  is  proper  to 
coDMder  the  other  parte ;  fur  the  words  and  meaning  of  one  part  of 
a  statute  frequently  lead  to  the  sense  of  another."  Ibid.  p.  464. 
"The  general  words  in  one  clause  of  a  statute  may  be  restrained 
by  the  particular  words  in  a  subsequent  clause  of  the  same  stat*  - 
nte.'*  A>pply  this  to  the  case  in  hand,  and  the  gfeueral  powers- 
conferred  in  general  words,  upon  the  Governor  atid  cnmmissionerp, 
in  section  thr«e;  "  to  cause  to  be  erected  suitable  buildings,"  Ac, 
are  restrained,  limited,  and  defined  by  the  particular  words  ia 

8 


18 

soction  four,  which  eays,  ^^  snch  buildings  shall  be  constructed  in 
accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane, 
as  recommended  bj  the  committee  in  their  report  to  the  senate,'' 
&c. 

For  a  further  and  conclusive  authority  upon  this  point,  jour 
committee  recite  as  follows :  "  It  is  proper  to  consider  the  wbole 
of  a  statute  and  the  preamble  and  probable  intention  of  the  legis* 
lature,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  any  particular  section ; 
and  this  mode  of  interpretation  is  justifiable  even  when  the  words 
of  the  section  itself  are  unambiguous,  and  if  the  general  meaning 
and  object  of  a  statute  should  be  inconsistent  with  the  literal  im- 
port of  any  particular  clause  or  section,  such  clause  or  section 
must,  if  possible,  be  construed  according  to  the  spirit  of  the  act ; 
but  to  warrant  the  application  of  this  rule,  the  intention  of  the 
legislature  must  be  clear  and  manifest."  1  Pick,  p.  248-250 ;  10 
Pick,  285,  and  20  Pick,  267. 

The  question  upon  this  part  of  the  case,  so  far  then,  stands 
thus :  The  commissioners,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Governor,  were  authorized  ^^  to  cause  to  be  erected  upon  the 
grounds  purchased  for  that  purpose,  suitable  buildings  for  the  use 
and  accommodations  of  said  institution,  which  shall  hereoffter  be 
called  and  known  by  the  name  of  the  ^  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic 
Aftylum ;'  and  it  was  emphatically  ordered  that  such  buildings 
should  be  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worces- 
ter Hospital  for  the  Insane,  as  recommended  by  the  committee  in 
their  report  to  the  senate.''  Thus  far  they  were  limited,  and  a 
single  step  b^ond,  would  be  doing  what  the  law  neither  antho- 
riaedi  directed  or  commanded. 

In  law  all  words  and  phrases  are  to  be  construed  according  to 
the  common  and  approved  usage  of  our  language,  except  snch 
technical  words  and  phrases  as  have  acquired  a  peculiar  and  ap- 
propriate meaning  in  the  law.  There  are  no  technical  words  or 
phrases  either  in  sections  three  or  four  of  the  act  which  have  ac- 
quired any  peculiar  meaning  in  the  law.  They  are  to  be  coo* 
strued,  therefore,  according  to  the  common  and  approved  nee  of 


19 

our  language.  To  accord  meanB  to  agreo  with  ;  to  resemble ;  to 
be  similar  to ;  "  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester 
Hospital,"  means  agreeing  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospi- 
tal ;  resembling  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital — similar 
to  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital,  &c.  In  other  words, 
the  act  meant  that  the  building  should  be  built  like  the 
Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  as  that  building  was  described 
in  the  report  of  the  senate  committee  referred  to  in  tlie  act.  Tour 
committee  cannot  see  how  words  can  make  it  plainer  or  clearer 
than  it  is.  The  phrase  "  as  recommended  by  the  committee  in 
their  report  to  the  senate,"  calls  for  some  little  attention,  because 
it  was  made  the  strong  point  of  one  of  Mr.  Proudfit's  attorneys  in 
his  argument  before  the  committee.  He  admitted  that  if  the 
word  "  described"  had  been  used  in  place  of  tlie  word  recom- 
mend, there  would  then  have  been  no  question  but  that  the  de- 
sign  of  the  legislature  was  to  confine  the  commissioners  to  the 
Worcester  Hospital,  as  described  in  that  report ;  but  that  the 
word  "  recommend"  not  having  been  used  in  the  report  of  the 
senate  committee,  there  was,  therefore,  no  plan  recommended  in 
that  report  of  the  senate  committee.  The  importance  of  this  point 
to  the  minds  of  your  committee,  rests  only  in  the  importance 
which  seemed  to  be  attached  to  it  by  Mr.  Proudfit's  attorney, 
and  it  is  thought  that  there  can  be  no  serious  difficulty  involved 
here.  To  recommend  means  "  to  praise  to  another ;  to  offer  or 
commend  to  another's  notice,  confidence  or  kindness  by  favorable 
representations ;  to  make  acceptable ;  recommended  means  prais- 
ed to  another ;  offered  or  commended  to  another's  notice,  oonfi- 
dence  or  kindness,  by  favorable  representations ;  made  acceptable. 
To  recommend,  therefore,  is  not  necessarily  done  by  saying,  "I 
recommend  or  he  recommends ;"  but  it  is  saying  that  which  com- 
mends to  one's  confidence  by  f&vomble  representations.  Now,  for 
a  moment,  let  us  see  whether  in  the  report  of  the  senate  commit- 
tee referred  to,  there  was  a  "  recommendation"  of  any  plan  for  an 
Asylum.  On  page  329  of  the  Journal  of  the  Senate  for  1854,  in 
the  report  of  the  senate  committee  referred  to,  that  committee 


20 

BajB,  "  The  Hospital  at  Worcester  was  establiehed  at  the  sole  ex- 
pense of  the  y tHte  of  Massachusetts,  and  is  at  the  present  time  a 
glorioDB  monument  of  the  liberality  and  philanthropy  of  that 
commonwealth.  It  was  the  first  Asylum  for  thejnsano  pauper  in 
the  United  States,  and  on  account  of  its  ^wondeiful  success,  its 
widely  extended  benefits  and  comparatively'moderate  expense, 
deserves,  in  the  opinion  of  this  committee,  to  be  held  up  as  a 
model  for  our  imitation."  If  the  language  there^used  in  the  report 
of  the  senate  committee,  did  not  commend  the  plan  of  the  Wor- 
cester Hospital  to  the  confidence  of,  and  make' it  acceptable  to  tho 
legislature,  by  favorable  representations,  your  committee  can- 
not conceive  how  it  is  possible  lor  a  recommendation  to  be  made 
in  tho  English  language. 

Wo  leave  the  discussion  of  that  question.  There'is  a  proviso  to 
section  four,  following  the  portion  already'  quoted,  which  is  as 
toUows :  "  Providedy  That  said  commissioners  shall  have  power 
lo  make  any  alteratio?iS  therein,  which  tliey^^may  think  necessary,, 
and  which  will  not  materially  change  said  plan,  or  jncrease  the 
cost  of  said  building." ' 

Tho  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital,  as  described  ia  tho  report 
of  the  senate  commit!  ee,  is  also  described  in  the  paper  hereto  au*! 
nexed,  marked  ^'D."  In  order  to  a  full  understanding  of  the 
powers  of  the  commissioners  to  make  alterations,  we  will  state  the 
converse  of  the  proviso,  as  foUowp :  "  Provided,  That  said  com- 
missioners  shall  not  have  power  to  make  any  alterations  therein^ 
which  they  may  thmk  necessary,  and  which^will  materially  change 
said  plan,  or  wliich  will  increase  the  cost^of  said  building.''  They 
might  make  alterations,  but  none  which  would  materially  change 
said  plan.  They  might  make  alterations,  but  none  which  woul4 
increase  the  cost  of  said  building. 

It  is  contended  by  the  attorneys  of  Mr.  Proudtit,  that  the  word 
'^  materially''  is  indefinite  as  here  used,  and  therefore  the  power  ta 
alter  the  plan  or  increase  the  expense  may  be  exercised  indefinite* 
ly.  The  cenclosion  is  by  no  means  warranted  by  tlie  argomexiL. 
Haterial  meana  important,  substantial,  of  great  consequence,  ea* 


21 

eeutial.  The  commissionera  bad  no  right  to  make  important,  sub* 
btantial  or  essential  alterations,  or  alterations  of  great  consequence, 
either  in  the  plan  of  the  building,  or  by  way  of  increasing  its  cost. 
In  relation  to  its  cost,  the  senate  committee  said,  in  their  report, 
that  aided  by  a  gentleman  of  this  town,  well  acquainted  with 
building,  they  had  made  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of  erecting 
an  asylum  in  this  state  upon  the  plan  of  that  at  Worcester,  and 
that  according  to  the  estimate  the  total  expense  would  be  $22,320; 
and  the  committee  added  that  ''  Tlie  above  estimate  may  not  be 
entirely  correct  in  every  particular,  but  the  committee  are  confi- 
dent the  expense  will  not  exceed  the  above  estimate."  Upon  such 
a  report,  by  such  a  committee,  in  regard  to  the  plan  of  the  build- 
ing, and  in  regard  to  the  expense,  the  act  authorizing  the  erection 
of  a  limatic  asylum  was  passed.  TIio  act  referred  to  the  report  so 
far  as  it  eflfected  the  plan  and  estimated  expense,  and  those  por- 
tions of  the  report  became  by  the  intent  of  the  act,  a  part  of  the 
act  itself. 

The  question  again  recurs,  What  is  a  material  alteration  in  the 
plan,  or  material  increase  of  the  cost  of  the  building  ?  The  term 
material  may  bo  used  relatively.  Is  the  alteration  such  as  to  change 
the  general  character,  order  or  details  of  the  building?  If  so  it 
is  important,  substantial,  essential,  and  therefore  material.  L  the 
alteration  such  as  to  increase  the  cost  of  the  building  beyond  this 
expense  estimated  by  the  committee,  or  beyond  the  expense  of 
the  plan  proposed  or  recommended  by  the  committee  of  the  sen- 
ate? .If  so,  then  it  is  important,  substantial,  esseitial,  material. 
An  immaterial  alteration  in  the  plan,  or  in  the  details,  would  hot 
change  the  general  order,  harmony  or  proportions  of  the  building, 
nor  increase  the  expense.  If  it  changed  the  proportion  or  eyme- 
try,  it  was  a  material  alteration.  That  is  a  material,  important, 
essential  alteration  which  changes  the  relation  of  one  part  to  an- 
other ;  which  increases  the  extent  so  as  to  increase  the  cost. 

That  is  a  material  alteration  which  destroys  proportion.  The 
word  plan,  as  applied  to  architecture,  means  something  showing 
form,  extent  and  divisions;  extent  is  the  "space  or  degree  to  which 


22 

a  thing  is  extended,  compafB,  bulk,  size;  2d,  length;  3d,  commti- 
nication,  diBtribntion."  That  is  a  material  change  of  plan  which 
destroys  the  proportion  of  the  building  in  its  relative  parts  to  each 
other, — which  destroys  the  relation  which  one  part  bears  to  anoth- 
er. That  is  a  material  change  of  plan  which  changes  the  form, 
extent,  or  divisions  of  a  bailding — which  alters  the  length,  or 
which  alters  the  communication  or  distribution.  The  commis- 
sioners had  no  right  to  make  any  alterations  which  would  increase 
the  cost  of  the  building  beyond  what  that  cost  would  be,  in  case 
such  alterations  were  not  made,  and  tliat  would  be  a  material 
change  in  cost  certainly,  which  made  the  alteration  twenty  times 
more  expensive,  than  the  whole  estimate  cost  of  the  building, 
without  alteration.  Let  us  apply  these  rules  and  definitions  to 
this  case,  and  see  whether  the  commissioners  made  alterations  ifi 
the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  as  recommend- 
ed by  the  committee  in  their  report  to  the  senate,  which  did  ma- 
terially change  the  plan  or  increase  the  cost  of  the  building.  It 
certainly  could  not  be  contended,  by  any  man  out  of  a  Lunatic 
Asylnm,  that  an  anthority  to  make  alterations,  which  should  not 
materially  change  the  plan,  would  be  an  authority  to  discard  the 
plaa  altogether,  and  adopt  an  entire  new  one  ;  or  that  an  authori- 
ty to  change  it,  but  so  as  not  to  increase  the  coat,  would  be  an 
authority,  to  so  alter  it  as  to  double  the  cost  or  thrible  the  cost — 
much  less  to  increase  it  twenty  fold.  Ihe  plan  of  the  Worcester 
Hospital,  as  described  in  the  report  of  the  senate  committee,  is 
this :  It  consists  of  '^  a  centre  building  and  two  wings ;  the  centre 
buildlpg  is  seventy  six  feet  long,  forty  feet  wide,  and  four  stories 
high ;  the  wings  and  back  ninety  feet  long  in  front  and  one  hun- 
dred feet  in  rear,  thirty  six  feet  wide  and  three  stories  high,  and 
the  wings  extend  from  the  opposite  ends  of  the  centre  building." 
This  would  give  the  extreme  length  of  the  whole  building  at  256 
feet.  The  plan  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylum,  as  adopted  by  the  com- 
missioners, under  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor,  is  as 
follows :  "  The  buildings  are  composed  of  a  centre  65  feet  by  120 
feet,  and  on  each  side  are  three  longitudinal  and  three  transverse 


28 

wings,  the  extreme  length  of  the  building  completed,  would  be 
oyer  800  feet,  or  more  than  48  rode,  making  a  difference  in  the 
length  of  the  two  buildings  of  over  650  feet,  between  the  Worces- 
ter plan  and  the  plan  adopted  by  the  commissionerB.  The  centre 
boilding  of  the  Worcester  Asylum,  as  described,  is  76  feet  long 
and  40  feet  wide,  with  two  wing^  projecting  iroih  the  ends ;  the 
centre  btilding  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylnm,  as  adopted,  is  65  feet 
by  120  feet,  wings  projecting  from  the  sides.  The  Worcester 
Asylum  has  two  wings  longitudinal,  one  on  each  end.  The  Wis* 
cousin  Asylum  has  twelve  wings,  six  on  each  side,  or  in  other 
words,  three  longitudinal  and  three  transverse  wings  on  each  side. 
The  ground  covered  by  the  main  building  of  the  Worcester  Asy- 
lum, according  to  plan  recommended  by  senate  committee,  wonid 
be  3040  feet.  The  ground  covered  by  the  main  building  of  the 
Wisconsin  Asylum,  accordingto  plan  adopted,  would  be  7800  feet. 
The  Wisconsin  plan,  adopted,  covering  4760  feet,  superficial  feet, 
more  than  the  Worcester  Asylum  plan  proposed.  The  two  wings 
of  the  Worcester  plan,  would  cover  6840  snperficial  feet,  the 
twelve  wings  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylum  plan,  as  adopted,  wqpld 
cover  36,680  superficial  feet.  The  wings  of  the  Wisconsin  plan, 
covering  29,840  superficial  feet  more  than  the  wings  of  the  Wor- 
cester plan.  The  whole  building  upon  the  Worcester  plan,  would 
cover  9880  superficial  feet,  while  the  whole  building  of  the  Wis- 
consin plan,  as  adopted  by  the  commissioners,  would  cover  44,480 
superficial  feet,  or  34,580  superficial  feet  more  than  the  Worces- 
ter Asylum  plan,  according  to  which  the  law  ordered  buildings  to 
be  erected. 

The  Wisconsin  plan,  as  adopted,  would  cover  nearly  four  times 
and  a-half  the  quantity  of  ground  more  than  the  Worcester  plan 
proposed ;  and  jet,  it  is  contended,  that  the  plan  of  the  Wisconsin 
Asylum,  as  adopted  by  the  commissioners  with  the  advice  of  the 
Governor,  is  not  a  material  alteration  of  the  plan  ot  the  Worcester 
Asylum,  as  recommended  in  the  report  of  the  senate  committee 
and  is  no  material  change  of  said  plan  in  any  respect  which  would 
increase  the  cost  of  said  building. 


u 

Tke  Asyhiin  upon  tke  Woreeater  plan,  was  to  hare  been  heated 
hj  fnrnacea  in  the  eellar ;  the  Wisconsin  Asjlum,  bjr  plan  as 
adopted,  was  to  be  ^  warmed  by  passing  air  over  pipes  or  plates 
containing  steam  under  low  pressure  or  hot  water,  and  the  builera 
for  generating  steam,  were  to  be  in  a  detached  building,  and  the 
whole  building  to  be  lighted  with  gas.''  The  plan  uf  the  W^M'oes- 
ter  Asylum,  as  recommended,  was  in  almost  erery  respect,  differ- 
ent in  the  detail  and  arrangement.  The  general  arrangement  of 
the  Wisconsin  plsn,  as  adopted,  is  briefly  given  in  the  report  of 
the  superintendent,  he  says  (vide  page  18.) :  The  building  will 
be  of  stone,  consisting  of  a  basement,  and  two  principal  stori3s  in 
every  part«  excepting  the  centre  and  projecting  portions  of  the 
wings,  which  will  rise  higher.  On  the  centre  building  will  be  a 
dome,  in  which  will  be  placed  the  water  tanks.  Yentilating  shafts 
will  torminate  on  the  projecting  portions  of  the  wings  and  in  the 
central  dome.  The  central  building  separates  the  two  sexes,  and 
on  either  side  of  it,  are  three  (3)  ranges  of  wings.  The  flrst  range 
is  separated  from  the  centre  building  by  a  space  eight  feet  wide, 
and  the  other  ranges  fall  back  sufficiently  far,  to  leave  the  corridora 
open  at  both  extremities— giving  when  completed  eight  distinct 
wards  for  each  sex,  besides  accommodations  for  more  violent  pa- 
tients. 

"  The  cellar  is  excavated  throughout  its  whole  extent,  in  which 
are  the  air-chambers,  reservoirs,  passagis  by  railways  for  convey- 
ing food  from  the  kitchen  to  the  different  dnmb  waiters  between 
it  and  the  extreme  wings,  purposes  of  ventilation,  &c.  Ail  cul- 
niary  arrangements,  with  those  for  heating,  gas  making,  and  pro- 
curing water  for  the  establishment,  and,  indeed,  wherever  fire  is 
requisite,  ocnpy  a  distinct  building  from  the  Asylum.  AH  pipes, 
flues,  &C.J  will  be  be  conducted  by  archways  to  the  main  build- 
ing." A  comparison  of  the  plan  recommended  and  particularly 
described  in  the  report  of  the  senate  committee,  with  the  details 
of  the  plan  and  airangement  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylum  as  adopt- 
ed, show  so  remarkable  a  degree  of  difference  that  there  is  hardly 
a  point  where  a  similitude  may  be  traced.    This  last  plan  is  full 


-of  modern  improvements :  tlie  woricing  power  of  the  inBtitution 
is  a  eteam  engine  ;  the  bnilding  is  to  be  lighted  with  gas;  and  the 
food  for  officers  and  patients  to  be  literally  conveyed  by  railroads 
^ver  an  acre  and  a  half  of  cellar,  to  different  points  or  stationsi^ 
whence  it  is  to  be  raised  to  the  several  apartments  for  which  it 
is  destined.  Before  \^e  discass  any  farther  the  entire  departure 
io(  the  commissioners  and  Governor  from  the  directions  of  the  law 
in  the  plan  for  this  asylum,  your  committee  will  call  attention  to 
•the  qaestion  of  cost,  because  the  same  oonelnsions  must  be  ar- 
rived at  in  regard  to  both  qaestions.  Mr.  D.  S.  Vittum,  on©  of 
the  Lunatic  Asylum  commissioners,  was,  during  the  session  of  the 
legislature  of  1854,  a  member  of  the  senate,  and  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  which  made  the  report  upon  which  the  Lunatic 
Asylum  act  was  based,  and  recommended  the  expenditure  of  the 
sum  of  money  which,  as  one  of  that  committee,  he  estimated  the 
building  would  cost :  the  sum  of  $22,320. 

Hiere  was  no  authority  in  the  act  to  so  alter  the  plan  of  the 
Asylum  as  recommended  by  the  committee,  which  would  mate- 
rially change  the  plan  or  increase  the  cost  We  have  already 
Been  th^e  gross  and  unauthorized  change  in  the  plan  of  the  build- 
ings made  by  the  commissioners  with  the  advice  of  the  Governor. 
Let  us  now  call  attention  to  the  remarkable  change  in  cost,  or  rather 
increase  in  cost,  keeping  pace  with  the  alterations  in  the  plan.  The 
increase  in  the  cost  of  the  building,  would  seem  by  the  language 
of  the  act  to  refer  to  the  estimated  cost  repo  ted  by  the  senate  com- 
mittee ;  but  in  any  event,  it  referred  to  the  cost  of  the  bnilding  or- 
dered to  be  erected  upon  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Asylum,  as 
recommended,  and  that  was  estimated  at  $22,320.  But  in  case  the 
cost  of  the  buildiugs,  if  erected  upon  the  plan  recommended  as 
that  of  the  Worcester  Asylum,  had  overrun  or  would  have  over- 
run that  sum — giving  the  broadest  latitude  to  the  discretion  of  the 
commissioners  under  the  act — and  the  cost  could  not  have  been 
increased  teyond  what  would  be  a  reasonable  and  necessary  ex- 
pense in  the  erection  of  buildings  upon  the  plan  of  the  Worcester 
Asylum,  as  proposed  by  the  senate  committ(ie.    In  order  to  set  at 

4 


26 

rofit  any  qaestion  upon  this  sabject,  yoor  committee  called  wit* 
nesses  and  took  proof  under  oath,  aa  to  what  the  cost  and  expense 
wonld  be  of  erecting  sndi  an  Asylum  as  was  recommended  by  the 
senate  committee.  The  result  shows  that  the  senate  committee 
either  intended  to  deceive  the  legislature  at  its  last  session,  in 
order  to  indnce  the  passage  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum  act,  or  else 
that  committee  was  guilty  of  a  great  outrage,  not  only  toward  the 
legislature,  but  toward  the  people,  in  making  recommendationa 
blindly  and  without  due  consideration.  The  testimony  of  Mr. 
Mygatt,  of  Milwaukee,  an  able  and  experienced  architect,  and  of 
A.  A.  Bird,  of  Madison,  an  experienced  builder,  shows  that  the 
co3tof  a  Lunatic  Asylum  built  at  Madison,  upon  the  plan  recom- 
mended by  that  senate  committee,  at  fair  and  reasonable  prices 
for  work  and  labor,  would  have  been  $64,340 ;  and  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  the  questions  involved  here,  it  is  immaterial 
whether  we  take  the  assumed  cost  reported  by  that  comngittee,  or 
the  actual  cost  as  proved  by  the  witnesses  above  named.  Your 
committee  called  upon  these  witncBses  to  make  a  chart  and  esti- 
mate of  tfie  expense  of  the  buildings  upon  the  plan  of  the  Wor- 
cester Asylum,  and  also  the  expense  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylum, 
as  adopted  by  the  commissioners,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of 
the  Governor. 

Ist.  Expense  of  Asylum  upon  plan  adopted  by  the  commission- 
ers, under  the  contract  with  Mr.  ProuJllt,  and  opposite  the  same, 
the  estimated  expenses  at  fair  Madison  prices,  which  are  some- 
what higher  than  the  prices  at  Milwaukee  : 

EXPENSES  UNDBB  CONTKACT.  ESTOCATED  EXPSUSRSB. 

Main  building,             $77,869  60  $53,382  84 

Wing  "A,"                  106,168  86  72,305  6* 

Wing  "  B,"                     99,412  00  66,634  00 

Wing  "0,"                    97,400  00  63,860  00 
Gas  building,  engine, 

&c.,  estimated,            30,000  00  30,000  00 

410,860  M  286,672  OS 


37 

The  actual  cost  of  the  asylum  upon  the  plan  adopted 
by  the  commissioners  under  the  contract  with  Mr. 
Proudfit,  giving  that  contract  a  construction  most 
favorable  to  the  state,  as  proved  by  witnesses,  will 
be,         -----  -        $410,850  46 

And  estimating  the  cost  of  each  transvore  and  longitu- 
dinal wing  separately,  would  increase  the  cost,  as 
proved  by  witnesses  under  the  contract,  -  41,389  96 

Making  the  gross  sum  of,  ...        $462,140  43 

At  a  fair,  just  and  reasonable  price,  as  above  quoted, 
the  cost  of  same  building  would  be,    -  -        $285,673  03 

Diflference  between  cost  under  Proudfit's  contract,  giv- 
ing most  favorable  construction  for  the  state,  and  cost 
at  fair,  just  and  reasonable  prices,  as  proved  by  wit- 
nesses Mygatt,  Palmer  and  Bird,         -  -        $126,178  44 

Difference  between  cost  under  Proudfit's  contract,  es- 
timating each  transverse  and  longitudinal  wing  sep- 
arately, and  cost  of  same  at  fair,  just  and  reasonable 
prices,  as  proved,  &c.,  -  -  -  .        $166,468  40 

It  was  proved  by  Messrs  Mygatt  and  Bird  that  an  asy- 

•     lum,  built  upon  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Asylum, 

as  recommended  in  the  report  of  senate  committee, 

at  the  prices  named  in  Frcfudfit's  contract,  would 

cost  the  state,    -  .        -  -  -  -         938,980  00 

And  the  cost  of  same  at  fair  prices,  &c.,  -  64,340  00 

Difference,         ....  |1(),640  00 

Difference  between  cost  of  asylum  upon  plan  adopted 
by  commissioners  under  Proudfit's  contract,  constru- 
ed most  favorably  for  state,  and  cost  of  asylum  upon 
plan  proposed  by  senate  committee,  at  fair,  just  and 
reasonable  prices,         .  .  -  -        $346,510  00 

Difference  between  cost  of  asylum  upon  plan  adopted 
by  commissioners  under  Proudfit's  contract,  estima- 
ting each  transverse  and  each  longitudinal  wing  sep- 


arately,  and  cost  of  asylum  upon  the  plan  proposed 

by  senate  committee^  at  fair  prices,  &c.,  -        $387,800  42 

Difference  between  highest  cost  of  present  plan  under 
Proudfit's  contract,  and  cost  of  Worcester  Asylum 
plan,  as  estimated  by  senate  committee,  -        $429,840  42 

Difference  between  lowest  cost  under  Proudflt's  con-  < 

tract,  &c.,  ....  -        $388,450  46 

Mr.  Mygatt  states,  also,  in  his  testimony,  that  under  the  contract 
let  to  Proudfit,  the  cost  of  the  building  can  be  made  much  more 
than  the  estimates  under  the  contract  makes  it.  Ho  Bays  this  can 
be  done  in  the  iron  work  generally,  because  greater  weigljt  of  iron 
may  be  put  in  than  is  necessary,  for  the  reason  that  all  the  eiz^ 
are  not  named  in  the  8p(  cifications.  In  making  the  estimates  they 
say  the  size  and  weight  have  been  taken,  which  seemed  sufficient 
for  the  purposes  of  the  building.  The  size  of  the  joists  and  parti- 
tions may  also  be  increased  undet  the  contract,  and  other  things 
which  are  not  specifically  described.  . 

The  remarkable  cost  of  this  asylum,  under  Proudfit's  contract, 
beyond  What  was  intended  by  the  legislature  only  kedps  pace  with 
he  remarkable  and  unaccountable  departure  of  the  commiesion^ers 
from  tho  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  as  recom-* 
mended  by  the  senate  committee. 

This  state  of  the  ease  leads  us  again  to  rccnr  to  the  act,  and  to 
inquire  whether  the  commissioners,  under  the  proviso  of  section  4, 
bad  a  right  to  make  such  alterations  in  the  plan  as  have  been  made, 
and  to  make  such  increases  in  the  cost  of  tiie  contemplated  build- 
ing as  necessary  follows  so  strange  an  alteration  of  the  plan.  The 
legislature  by  that  law  never  intended  to  confer  such  license  upon 
the  commissioners.  If  their  departures  are  warranted  by  any  con- 
struction of  the  act,  then  indeed,  as  contended  by  the  able  counsel 
of  Mr.  Proudfit,  tho  power  of  the  commissioners  was  unlimited, 
and  they  might  have  made  contracts  for  a  building  five  miles  in 
length,  to  accommodate  five  thousand  lunatics,  and  to  support  five 
hundred  appointed  officers,  taken  from  the  body  of  the  legislature 
and  favorites  among  the  people,  at  a  cost  to  the  state  of  ten  or  fif- 


28 

te€n  millionB  of  dollars,  (and  all  vriiii  the  advice  and  confient  o£ 
the  governor.) 

Your  committee  caunot  boliere  for  oso  moment^  that  thQte  al^ 
terations  do  not  '^matorially"  change  the  plan  designated  clearljr. 
bj  the  legislature ;  nor  can  your  committefe  but  belieye  that  the 
obange  has.  or  will,  if  tbe  contract  with  Proudfit  is  ratified  and 
carried  out,  materially  increase  tho  cost  of  the  building* 

But  there  are  otherevidences,  to  satisfy  your  committeo,  not  only 
of  material  changes,  but  of  the  fact  that  the  plan  intended  by  the 
legislature  was  entirely  abandoned,  and  one  entirely  new  adopted. 
These  evidences  are  found  in  the  report  of   the  commissioners,  in 
ih«.  report  of  the  superintendent,  in  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Palmer 
and  in  the  positive  and  unequivocal  testimony  of  the  suporintend- 
anthiinself.    This  te8tiRK>ny  is  in  addition  to  the  great   mass  of 
testimony  furnished' by  the  equivocal  character  of  the  whole  trans- 
actions connected  with  this  Lunatic  Asylum   project,  and  your 
committee  £eel  to  congratulate  the  people  of  this  state  that  the  at- 
teDlionof  their  representatives  was  called  to  so  (stupenduns)  infa- 
mous a  acbemo  before  it  was  too  late  to  apply  the    remedy  and 
prevent  its  final  consummation.    On  page  5,  of  the  commission- 
.  era  report^  we  find  the  following :    "  Oue  of  the    commissioners 
wftS' delegated^  in  the  early  part  of  the  season,  to  vi>it  the  Worces- 
ter Hospital,  snid  he  was  there  and  elsewhere  advised  by  scientific' 
physicians  that  the  Worcester  Hospital  had  not  only  ceased  to  be' 
a-model  institution,  but  bad  fallen  into  the  rear  rank  of  the  march 
of  improvement."    About  four  months  previous  to  this  vieit  to 
Worcester,  this  same  commissioner,  then  in  his  place  in  the  senate, 
called  the  Worcester  Asylum,  in    an  official  report,  "a  glorious 
monament  of  the  liberality  and  philanthropy,''  of  the   common- 
weidth  of  Maesaehnsetfs,  and  said  that*it  deserved  to  be  held  up 
"as  a  model  for  our  imitation."    Tliis  was  done  while  the    ettort 
was  being  made  to  pass  the  law  authorizing  the  appointment  of 
omnmisBionors  to  erect  a  Lunatic  Asylum,  with   the  advice   and 
ootseatofthe  Oovernor.    Comment  here  is  unnecessary.     With- 
in fourmonthSy  the  Worcester  Asylum  fell  "into  the  rear  rank  of 


30 

the  march  of  improvement,'*  and  here  commenced  the  departure 
from  the  line  of  official  duty.  On  pa^e  6,  of  the  commissioners 
report,  they  say  the  plan  adopted  by  them  was  a  **plan  matured 
by  Doctor  Kirkbride,of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  and  approved 
by  every  superintendent  in  the  United  States,  and  it  may  be  safe- 
ly asserted,  that  if  carried  out  in  the  trne  spirit  of  enlightened 
philanthropy,  it  cannot  fail  to  give  us  an  institution  of  a  high  order, 
every  way  superior  to  any  previously  erected,  and  at  as  small  a 
cost  as  can  effect  the  object  desired.  For  a  full  and  specific  ac- 
count of  the  plan  of  the  buildings,  the  commissioners  would  refer 
to  the  report  of  the  superintendent,  and  also  the  drawings  and 
specifications  aow  in  their  office.  It  is  gratifying  to  know  that 
this  plan  has  received  the  approval  of  every  well-educated  man 
to  whom  it  has  been  submitted/'  Again,  on  page  10,  they  eay, 
^'Iq  settling  upon  a  plan  for  this  asylum,  the  commiseionerB  had 
to  decide  whether  they  would  have  constructed  a  building atsmall 
expense,  possessing  very  limited  good  qualities  and  usefulness,  or 
such  a  bfiilding  at  greater  cost  as  would  meet  the  approbation  of 
those  who  best  know  what  is  needed,  and  which  would  not  be 
immediately  obnoxious  and  subject  to  revision,  change  or  total 
abandonment"  We  have  made  the  above  quotations  from  the 
report  to  show  that  instead  of  going  on  and  causing  buildings  to 
be  erected  in  accordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Aaylum, 
they  adopted  a  plan  and  contracted  to  build  like  it  The  superin- 
tendent of  this  asjlum,  who  was  a  member  of  the  senate  when 
the  bill  passed  authorizing  its  erection,  and  was  appointed  by  Gov. 
Barstow  immediately  afterwards,  or  soon  afterwards,  in  hia  report 
to  the  commissioners,  says :  "  Under  a  resolution  passed  by  jour 
Board,  and  by  the  advice  of  the  Governor,  you  are  aware  that  I 
visited  most  of  the  similar  institutions  in  the  United  States,  and 
upon  my  return,  laid  before  you  a  plan  which  was  adopted  with- 
out reservation."  The  plan  adopted,  and  the  contract  for  the 
erection  of  which  was  awarded  to  Andrew  Proudfit.  is  not  the 
plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital.  Ther?  is  no  preteBce  that  it  wtts 
80.    Edwin  Palmer  testifies,  "  that  the  portion  of  the  Wisconsin 


81 

Asylum  to  bo  bailt  the  firBt  year  would  cost  much  more  than  the 
constTQction  of  the  Worcester  Asylum  according  to  the  plan   re- 
ported by  the  senate  committee,  as  appears  in  the  senate  journal  \ 
of  1851,  and  is  upon  a  plan  differing  very  materially.  I 

The  erection  of  the  Wisconsin  Asylum  main    building,  would  j 

cost  much  more  than  the  main  building  of  the   Worcester   Asy-  j 

lum,  for  the  reason  that  it  is  more  than  twice  as  large,  and  for 
the  reason  abo  that  the  Worcester  Asylum  is  heated  by  furnaces 
within  the  building,  and  the  Wisconsin  Asylum  is  heated  by  ap- 
paratus in  a  building  removed  from  and  entirely  distinct  from  the 
main  building.''  In  addition  your  committee  took  the  testimony 
of  Doctor  McLane,  the  superintendent,  that  the  Worcester  plan 
was  abandoned  as  behind  the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  that  the  com« 
missioners  adopted  altogether  a  different  plan. 

The  testimony  of  the  superintendent  is  as  follows  :  He  "exam- 
ined both  Worcester  and  Taunton  asylums,  but  found  them  both 
insufficient  to  meet  our  purposes,  and  determined  not  to  take 
either  as  a  model  for  ours,  both  in  reference  to  cost  and  arrange-, 
ment.  Upon  consideration  witness  adopted  the  plan  as  recom- 
mended and  decided  upon  by  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  In* 
sane  Asylnms  of  the  United  States,  and  now  adopted  and  in  course 
of  erection  by  the  U.  8,  Hospital  for  the  Insane  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  the  General  Government, 
as  also  by  some  ten  or  dozen  other  Institutions  in  the  United 
States,  the  plan  being  varied  to  suit  tho  means  and  necessities  of 
this  State.  This  plan  was  reported  to  the  Commissioners  and  by 
them  adopted.  The  form  of  the  Worcester  Asylum  is  different 
from  the  plan  adopted,  but  the  treatment  is  similar."  Here  then 
we  have  the  whole  thing  in  all  its  bold  aspects.  The  Superintend- 
ent and  Commissioners,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Gk>v- 
emor,  disregarded  the  law,  repudiated  the  Worcc  ter  Asylum  plan 
as  recommended,  &c.,  and  adopted  that  of  a  building  for  a  U.  S. 
Hospital  for  the  Insane,  for  the  Army  and  Navy,  for  the  District 
of  Columbia.  There  is  no  rule  of  law  better  settled  than  that  in 
the  construction  of  a  statute  the  whole  act  must  be  construed  to.. 


32 

getber,  every  section  con&idered,  and  the  intention  of  the  Legisla- 
ture soiight  ont.    Upon  this  point  authorities  are  abundant  and 
specific.    It  is  settled,  in  the  minds  of  joar  committee,  that  thele* 
gielature  intended  that  a  lunatic  asylum  should  be  erected  in  ac* 
cordance  with  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane, 
as  recommended  in  the  report  of  the  senate  committee*     It  is 
equally  cettled  in  the  minds  of  your  committee  what  the  plan  was. 
It  is  certain  that  the  commissioners  disobeyed  the  law,  and  adopted 
a  plan  for  an  asylum,  differing  in  size,  lorm,  extent,  proportion^ 
arrangement,  and  in  detail,  in  every  essential  particular,  and  a  plan, 
too,  which,  if  pursued,  would  involve  the  expenditure  of  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars,  where  the  legislature  intended  to  confine 
the  expenditure  to  thousands  merely.    Yuur  committee  is  also — 
from  the  law  and  the  evidence — satisfiel  that  the  departure  of  the 
commissioners  from  the  line  of  Uieir  authority,  was  not  only  un- 
warranted by  any  construction  of  the  act  under  which  they  were 
appointed,  but  was  a  most  wanton  and  flagrant  transgression  of 
the  law  and  their  duties,  for  which  no  excuse  can  be  rendered, 
and  which  nothing  can  palliate.    The  question  arises,  therefore, 
how  far  the  state  is  bound  by  their  acts,  and  what  is  the  duty  of 
the  state  in  the  premises.    A  majority  of  your. committee,  after 
full  and  careful  deliberation,  say  that  the  state  is  not  bound  by  the 
contract  made  by  the  commissioners  with  Mr.  Proudfit.      That 
whatever  the  intention  of  the  commissioners  may  have  been,  the 
contract  was  a  fraud  against  the  state,  and  is  void.     And  your 
committee  herewith  give  their  reasons  and  the  law,  and  fearlessly 
put  themselves  before  the  legislature  and  the  people. 

It  is  well  settled  that  in  all  cases  of  special  agency,  or  in  other 
words — an  agency  to  do  a  particular  thing  or  a  particular  piece  of 
business,  or  to  perform  certain  specific  duties,  must  be  confined  to 
the  particular  thing  to  be  done,  or  the  particular  duties  to  be  per- 
formed. The  law  which  is  most  clear  upon  this  sulject,  and  which 
not  only  defines  the  power  of  agents,  but  also  the  liability  of  the 
principal  for  the  agent's  act,  is  most  fully  and  particularly  set  out 
and  discussed  in  the  court  of  errors  in  New  York,  in  the  case  of 
Delafield,  appellant,  vs.  The  State  of  Dlinois,  respondent. 


38 

The  principal  points,  there  dotermiued,  which  have  a  bearing 
liere,  are  that  an  anthorized  contract  entered  into  by  the  agents 
of  the  State,  acting  under  unlimited  power  conferred  by  statute, 
cannot  be  ratified  by  any  acts  of  the  Governor  or  other  officers, 
but  only  by  the  State  itself."  And  "  though  the  mere  silence  of 
a  principal  for  a  very  short  period,  may  in  some  instances  araoiint 
to  a  presumptive  ratification  of  the  acta  of  an  agent,  the  rule  does 
not  apply  where  the  principal  is  a  State. "  The  same  principles  are 
well  defined,  and  their  application  confirmed  in  a  case  between 
the  same  parties,  reported  in  the  26th  Wendell.  These  cases  are 
80  full  and  important,  that  your  committee  must  be  indulged  in 
quoting  largely  from  them.  Your  committee,  for  the  more  clear 
understanding  of  this  case,  submit  in  distinct  points  the  questions 
upon  which  the  authorities  arc  conclusive  : 

Ist.  The  contract  made  with  Proudfit,  by  the  commissioners, 
waa  illegal  and  void. 

Ist.  Because  the  contract  was  let  for  the  erection  of  a  Lunatic 
Asylum,  differing  materially  from  the  plan  of  the  Worcester  Hos- 
pital for  tbo  Insane,  as  recommended  in  the  report  of  the  senate  com- 
mittee, and  for  the  erection  of  an  asylum  both  in  plan,  character 
and  expense  not  contemplated  by  the  law,  and  in  direct  violation 
of  the  statutes  under  which  any  building  was  authorized  to  be 
erected ;  and  id,  Because  the  commissioners  were  not  authorized 
-to  cause  any  buildings  to  be  erected,  or  anything  to  be  done  ex- 
cept as  specified,  mentioned  and  directed  in  the  law.  The  com- 
missioners appointed  by  the  Governor^  who  made  this  contract 
with  Proudfit,  were  and  are  not  judicial  officers,  but  were  agents 
of  the  state,  and  the  statute  under  which  alone  they  could  act,  was 
a  special  power  of  attorney,  constituting  such  commissioners  spe- 
cial agents  of-  the  state,  and  as  such  they  were  to  be  governed  by 
their  instructions  under  the  act,  and  there  is  no  distinction  between 
the  agents  of  a  state  and  the  agents  of  an  individual.  A  person 
dealing  with  an  agent  with  limited  powers  is  bound  to  examine 
tiie  authority  of  that  agent.  Chitty  on  contracts,  page  68,  Ist  Pe- 
ters S.  0.  Beports  S64, 16  East,  48.    The  agents  of  a  state  have 

6 


u 

no  anthorily  except  what  is  derived  from  the  statutes  of  the  state. 
The  principal  is  not  bound  by  the  acts  of  the  agent  beyond  his  an- 
thority.    Story  on  Agency,  160  and  170, 18  John  Eep.  363. 

2d.  There  has  been  no  ratification  of  this  contract  with  Prond- 
fit.  1st.  A  contract  can  only  be  ratified  by  one  who  had  the  pow- 
er originally  to  authorize  the  making  of  the  contract.  2d.  The 
state,  by  the  legislative  act,  expressly  directed  the  plan  upon  which 
the  asylum  was  to  be  erected,  and  by  the  whole  tenor  and  spirit 
of  the  act,  and  by  its  express  provisions  the  commissioners  or 
agents  were  prohibited  from  making  any  alterations  in  the  same 
which  would  materially  change  the  plan  or  increase  the  cost  of  the 
building.  Hence  nothing  short  of  an  act  of  the  legislature  can 
make  valid  a  contract  entered  into  in  contravention  of  her  statutes 
and  the  law.  24th  Wend.  p.  431.  3d.  The  acts  which  are  al- 
leged as  amounting  to  a  ratification  are  only  the  acts  of  those 
agents  who  either  made,  or  advised  and  consented  to,  the  contract 
originally.  The  contract  being  nnanthorized  originally,  everj 
gnbseqaent  act  under  it  is  unauthorized,  illegal  and  void.  In  the 
case  cited  the  court  said,  ^^  It  is  an  universal  rule,  that  in  order  to 
bind  the  principal  upon  a  contract  made  by  an  agent,  the  contraet 
most  be  within  the  authority  committed  to  that  agent,  and  tbat 
the  authority  must  be  strictly  followed.  If  the  agent's  acts  vary 
substantially  from  his  authority  in  nature,  or  extent,  or  degree,  they 
are  void  as  to  the  principal,  and  do  not  bind  him.  Oomyn's  Di- 
gest, tit.  att'y,  chap.  11,  15  ;  also  Stary  on  Agency,  165  and  170. 
'^ There  is,"  the  court  says,  "another  rule  founded  on  obvious  rear 
sons  and  often  applied,  that  when  the  agency  is  created  or  ooq* 
ferred  by  a  written  instrument,  and  grows  wholly  out  of  it,  the 
nature  and  extent  of  the  authority  must  be  ascertained  from  tbe 
instrument  itself,  and  cannot  be  varied  or  enlarged  by  usage." 
"The  courts  have  never  questioned  the  strict  application  of  the 
rule  when  the  agent  is  employed  specially  for  any  partioiilar  trana- 
action.  There,  if  the  agentezoeed  his  special  and  limited  author- 
ity, the  principal,  according  to  Judge  Story,  is  not  bound  by  his 
acts,  hut  they  become  mere  nullities  so  far  as  he  is  concerned. 


85. 

ThU  is  particularlj  applicable  where  the  agency  ifl  created  by  & 
inritteQ  iastrameat  or  authority  known  to  the  party  dealing  with 
the  agent  as  the  source  of  his  authority,  and  directing  and  regula- 
ting its  object,  extent  and  exercise.  Thus  in  the  case  of  Gardner 
vs.  Bailie  6  T.  E.  591,  a  case  decided  by  the  King's  Bench  after 
consulting  with  the  Judges  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  in  Hogg 
TS.  Smith,  1  Taunt,  B.  489,  it  wasdecided  that  written  instruments 
setting  forth  the  power  must  be  strctly  pursued,  and  cannot  be  en- 
larged by  evidence  of  usage."  Such  is  peculiarly  the  case  here. 
The  whole  authority  of  the  public  officers  or  agents  or  commis- 
sioners who  made  this  contract  with  Proudfit,  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Governor,  is  controlled  and  regulated  by  the  act  oi 
the  legislature,  which  formed  the  basis  for  any  action  upon  the 
subject  of  an  asylum. 

In  the  court  of  Chancery  in  Kew  York,  in  the  case  of  a  purchase 
of  lands  from  an  officer  specially  authorized  to  sell  those  lands, 
by  statute,  it  was  held  by  Chancellor  Kent,  that  ^^  a  special  au^ 
thority  must  be  strictly  pursued,  and  the  purchaser  is  presumed  to 
kciow  that  special  authority,  for  it  is  contained  in  theaot,  and  if  he 
porchases  in  cases  in  which  that  special  authority  was  not  pursued, 
ho  purohasea  at  his  own  peril."  Apply  the  rule  to  the  case  of  this 
contract  with  Proudfit,  and  if  the  commissioners  did  not  strictly 
pnr»ue  the  authority  contained  in  the  act,  in  making  that  contract, 
the  contract  is  void,  and  Mr.  Proudfit  made  his  contract  with  them 
at  his  peril,  for  the  law  presumes  that  Proudfit  knew  of  this  spe- 
CMiI  authority,  or  in  other  words,  knew  of  the  statute  under  which 
the  comroissioiners  assumed  to  act.  In  the  case  decided  in  the  2d 
Hill,  on  page  174,  where  a  party  contracted  with  agents  appointed 
by  the  Governor  of  Illinois  for  a  specific  purpose,  the  court  said 
that  the  party  contracting  with  the  agents,  ^^  knew  that  he  was  con- 
tracting with  special  agents,  and  was  bound  to  know  the  extent  of 
their  authority.'' 

Another  question  is  raised  by  one  of  the  attorneys  of  Mr. 
Proudfit,  and  that  is,  that  this  contract  has  been  ratified  and  ap- 
proved by  the  Governor,  and  thsA  therefore  the  state  has  becom^e 


36 

bound,  even  altliongli,  the  contract  at  first  was  an  illegal  one. 
This  is  assuming  that  the  Governor  is  the  principal,  and  that^  re- 
presenting the  state  in  some  things,  he  has  a  right  to  bind  hj  acts 
of  assent  or  dissent  in  all  things.  Your  committee  answer  this 
last  hope  of  Proudfit's  contract,  by  referring  to  the  decisions  made 
in  the  26th  Wendell,  and  the  2d  Hiirs  reports.  The  case  upon 
which  those  decisions  were  made,  was  a  case  where  by  a  statnte 
of  Illinois,  the  Governor  was  authorized  to  appoint  certain  agents 
to  sell  some  of  the  state  bonds  of  Illinois,  ^^  the  same  were  not 
however,  to  be  sold  for  less  than  their  par  valne."  Such  was  the  di- 
rection of  the  act  under  which  the  agent  was  appointed.  The 
bonds  were  sold,  and  transferred  for  a  sum  less  than  their  par  val- 
ue. Upon  the  question  of  ratlfiction,  the  court  said :  '*The  only 
remai:.ing  inquiry  is,  whether  any  subsequent  act,  acquiescence 
or  neglect  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  had  ratified  the  contract  made 
in  her  name.  It  is  a  maxim  of  general  jurispnidence,  familiar  to 
the  civil  law,  and  long  ago  incorporated  into  our  own  system,  that 
a  "ratification  is  equivalent  to  an  express  authority,'*  or  in  other 
words,  that  when  the  principal  upon  a  full  knowledge  of  all  tke 
circumstances  of  the  case,  deliberately  ratifies  the  acts,  or  con- 
tracts of  an  agent,  who  lias  exceeded  liis  lawful  authority^  or 
usurped  an  unauthorized  agency,  the  principal  will  be  bofimd 
thereby  as  fully  as  if  the  agent  had  been  expressly  employed  for 
Buch  purposes."  Acts  or  acquiescence,  do  not,  as  is  sometimes 
carelessly  said,  ratify  the  unauthorised  contract,  but  in  the  more 
guarded  and  philosophical  language  of  the  better  authoritiesi  they 
authorize  judges  and  juries  to  presume  consent  or  ratification. 

Certain  conduct,  according  to  the  usual  experience  of  human 
nature,  or  of  business,  ordinarily  accompanies  or  indicates  consent 
or  approval.  They  are  in  judicial  language,  "inconsistent  with 
any  other  supposition,'*  and  thus,  "the  presumption  may  become 
violent,  and  even  conclusive,"  how  that  conduct  which  in  a  mer- 
chant or  other  individual  who  is  cognizant  of  his  own  affairs^  and 
able  to  interfere  at  any  time  in  discovering  the  abuse  of  his  confi- 
dence, would  indicate,  that  he  did  not  thus  disavow  or  disap^  rare 


37 

of  hia  agent's  conduet,  is  not  si^nificaQt  in  the  samo  manner  of  the 
will  of  a  sovereign  government,  which  must  act  according  to  its 
constitution  and  laws,  whiUt  the  people  can  know  the  acts  of  its 
agents  only  through  its  representatives."  The  court  there  said  : 
"It  was  well  replied  by  the  Attorney  Qeneral,  that  all  the  state  of- 
ficers together,  including  the  Governor,  the  Auditor,  and  the  fund 
commissioners,  could  not  make  such  a  contract  as  this,  and  there- 
fore they  could  not  ratify  it  directly,  much  less  indirectly,  by  acts 
signifying  acquiescence."  In  the  same  case  as  reported  in  Second 
Hill  Reports,  the  court  says :  **The  appellant  relies  on  the  fact  that 
the  Governor,  after  he  know  of  the  contract,  signed  the  bonds  and 
caused  them  to  bo  delivered ;  and  that  some  of  the  pnblio  officers 
of  the  state  acted  under  the  contract,  drawing  for  money,  and  re» 
ceiving  payment*  But  the  difficulty  is,  that  the  Governor, Was  no 
more  than  the  agent  of  the  state,  and  he,  as  well  as  the  ^amoiis- 
sioners,  acted  under  a  limited  authority;  and  the  same  remark  is 
applicable  to  the  auditor,  and  other  publie  offioers,  none  of  them 
had  authority  lo  make  such  contracts  as  tliose  were,  and  if  they 
coald  not.  make  them  originally,  they  could  not  ratify  them.  Rat- 
ification must  eome  from  the  principal,  the  state  of  Illinois."  The 
court  said  faither,  ''what  has  the  state  done  by  way  of  sanctiott- 
ing  the  contract  i  The  answer  is  nothing*  The  legislature  has 
neither  declared  the  contracts  valid,  nor  done  any  actin  affirmance 
of  them. 

But  it  is  said  that  longaequiesctence,  or  even  more  silence,  may 
sometimes  amount  to  a  presumptive  ratification  of  the  ads  of  an 
agent:  and  that  is  undoubtedly  true,  (Story  on  Agency^  248,  250>- 
9d  Eient,  614.)  But  before  we  infer  anything  from  the  mere  al- 
ienee of  the  principal,  we  must  look  into  the  nature  of  the  origi- 
nal transaction,  the  relatione  between  tba  parties^  their  habits  of 
business,  and  the  usage  of  trade;  under  particular  circumstances, 
the  silence  of  the  principal  for  a  very  few  days  sifter  he  is  advised 
of  an  act  done  by  the  agent,  may  amount  to  strong  presumptive 
evidence  of  ratification,  especially  when  such  silence  has  a  ten* 
dency  to  mislead  the  opposite  party.    But  the  court  says  "it  will 


88 

ilever  do  to  apply  so  rigorons  a  rule  where  the  state  is  the  princi- 
pal." 

I  agree  that  when  a  state  engages  in  trade,  or  makes  contracts,  it 
itnnst,  for  most  purposes,  be  regarded  in  the  same  light  as  an  indi- 
vidual. 

^'  Bat  a  state  cannot  act  in  the  same  form  nor  with  the  same 
prpmptitode  as  an  individual.  The  legislature  does  not  usaallj 
meet  more  than  once  in  a  year ;  and  when  assembled,  time  muBt 
be  given  for  maturing  public  acts. 

^'  The  appellant  knew  the  character  of  the  party  with  whom  he 
was  dealing,  and  he  had  no  right  to  expect  that  the  state  would 
move  with  the  celerity  of  a  merchant  in  Pearl,  or  a  broker  in  Wall 
(Street  Now  what  was  done  in  this  case?  One  of  the  contracts 
was  made  in  April,  and  the  other  in  May  1839  ,and  the  legtsla- 
42are  did  not  assemble  until  the  winter  following.  There  was  po- 
thing  in  the  meantime  which  could  upon  any  just  principle  be 
construed  into  a  ratification  of  the  contract" 

Now  your  committee  most  respectfully  submits  tliat  if  the  case 
of  the  contract  with  Mr.  Prondfit  had  been  under  the  considera- 
tion of  those  courts,  no  language  could  have  been  used  closer  or 
more  ccmoise  in  showing  the  illegality  of  the  contract,  and  that 
^e  state  is  in  no  wise  bound  by  the  same. 

Every  principle  involved  in  this  case,  from  the  time  of  letting 
this  contract  to  Mr.  Proudfit,  has  been  fully  and  clearly  adjudica- 
ted and  determined  in  the  cases  from  which  your  committee  has 
onade  so  full  and  impcurtant  quotations.  It  is  not  in  the  power  of 
language  to  portray  more  clearly  and  truthfully  the  actual  condi- 
tion and  rights  of  this  state  under  Mi.  Proudfit's  contract  than  it 
baa  been  done  in  the  opinions  of  the  court  in  the  cases  cited. 

Your  committee  can  but  again  express  their  entire  confidence 
in  the  fact  that  this  state  is  not  bound  by  that  contract,  and  ex- 
press surprise  that  its  legality  and  validity  are  at  all  insisted  upon. 

The  course  of  the  several  officers  in  this  case,  is,  to  the  minds  of 
your  committee,  of  the  most  startling  character.    A  degree  of  li- 


S9 

oense  has  been  aafimned  in  this  case^  which,  if  followed  in  other 
interests  affecting  this  state,  would  lead  to  its  utter  prostration  and 
min.  From  the  eyidence  adduced  before  your  committee,  it 
would  seem  that  the  commissioners,  through  ignorance  or  design, 
hAd  lailed  in  almost  erery  instance  in  following  out  the  reauire* 
mente  of  tlie  law.  The  testimony  of  the  commissioners  before 
your  committee  does  not  all  agree  with  their  report  to  the  legislar- 
tare,  and  they  either  have  wilfully  intended  to  deceive  and  mis- 
lead the  legislature,  or  else  they  are  so  entirely  ignorant  of  their 
duties,  and  of  the  consequences  likely  to  arise  from  their  official 
action,  that  the  immediate  interference  of  the  legislature  is  neces^ 
aary  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  state.  The  evidence,  including 
the  estimates,  made  of  the  expense  of  this  overshadowing  institu* 
tion,  is  so  voluminous  that  it  is  impossible  that  it  be  embodied  ii| 
this  report,  but  can  only  accompany  the  same.  It  is  neoessaiy, 
however,  and  proper  to  call  attention  to  some  portions  of  it  in  or* 
der  to  show  the  general  character  of  this  financial  transaction* 

The  evidence  shows  that  all  the  plans,  specifications  and  draw- 
ings necessary  to  any  person  desirous  of  making  estimates  and 
bids,  were  not  here  more  than  threo  or  four  days  previous  to  the 
opening  of  the  bids,  although  some  of  them  were  here  tor  sevesal 
days  longer.  It  appears  from  the  evidence  that  it  would  take  at 
least  a  week  or  ten  days  to  make  estimates  upon  those  plans  and 
specifications  as  a  basis  for  building,  before  even  an  appropriation 
could  be  made  toward  a  full  understanding  of  what  was  necessary 
to  be  done ;  and  it  is  certain,  that  for  the  short  time  they  were 
here,  before  the  letting  of  the  contract,  no  five  or  ten  persons  desi- 
rous of  bidding  could  at  the  same  time  have  access  to  them,  to 
make  th^ir  calculations  upon.  It  appears  from  the  testimony  that 
divers  persons  were  desirous  of  examining  these  plans  and  specifica- 
tions, with  a  view  to  make  bids  for  the  contract,  and  could  get  no 
access  to  them,  others  because  they  were  not  here  or  because  they 
were  concealed. 

The  intention  of  the  law  in  ordering  an  advertisement  of  the  leir 
iting  of  this  eontmct,  for  six  weeks  previous  to  such  letting,  was 


40 

that  the  plans  and  specifications,  dnrlng  tbat  wfaold  time,  should 
be  open  for  inspection,  in  order  tbat  ample  time  might  be  afforded 
for  full  and  fair  examination,  and  full  opportnnity  offered  to  all 
persons  to  make  snch  estimates  as  the  importance  of  the  case  do- 
manckd.  The  notice  itself  is  blind.  It  advertised  for  proposals 
for  letting  the  contract  for  the  whole  building,  before  it  was  de- 
termined by  the  commissioners,  as  one  of  the  commissioners  and 
other  witnesses  swear,  whether  they  would  lot  the  contract  for  the 
whole  or  only  a  part  of  the  asylum. 

Witnesses  who  called  for  information  could  get  none  or  but  lit^ 
fle  information  from  the  commissioners.  The  commissioners  also 
swear  that  they  never  gave  any  information  to  any  person  or  per- 
sons as  to  the  manner  in  which  bids  should  be  made,  and  yet  Mr. 
Proudflt,  from  Waupnn,  by  a  proposal  dated  October  18,  1854,  pre- 
vious to  the  time  when,  as  it  was  proved,  the  plans  and  specifica- 
tions necessary  for  a  full  understanding  of  the  character  of  the 
work  to  be  performed,  or  the  amount  of  materials  to  be  furnished, 
could  be  known,  made  a  bid  upon  which  the  contract  was  let. 

"W".  S.  Bailey  swears,  that  Sanborn,  one  of  the  commissioners, 
called  on  him  at  his  house  in  Milwaukee,  sotpetime  in  the  summer, 
"and  stayed  at  his  house  two  or  three  days,  and  told  him  (Bailey) 
to  come  up  to  Madison  and  put  in  a  bid  for  the  job  of  building 
{he  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  that  he  would  use  his  influence  to  give 
him  (Bailey)  the  job.  Bailey  got  the  impression  from  what  was 
said,  that  he  should  have  the  job,  and  that  he  (Sanborn)  would 
like  to  make  something  out  of  it.  Sanborn  said  that  if  Bailey 
would  put  in  a  bid,  he  (Sanborn)  would  use  his  influence  with  the 
other  commissioners,  to  get  him  (Bailey)  the  job,  and  that  he 
(Sanborn)  would  go  for  him  (Bailey)  in  any  event.  He  (Sanborn) 
gave  him  (Bailey)  the  first  intimation  in  reference  to  the  building 
of  the  Lunatic  Asylum.  On  the  80th  of  October,  1854,  Bailey 
came  to  Madison,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  31st  he  found  San- 
born, and  with  him  went  to  the  basement  of  the  capitol,  and  there 
saw  the  front  elevation  of  the  asylum,  and  specifications,  which 
were  afterwards,  on  the  same  day,  removed  to  the  north  west  room 


41 

in  the  bftsement^    He  did  not  see  the  ground  pknft  at  that  time, 
or  a^y  other  plan  except  the  front  elevation. 

Afterwards,  on  the  Bame  day,  saw  Sanborn  and  Mr.  Bngh  (he 
thinks,)  another  commissioner,  together,  and  asked  them  whether 
the  whole  building  acc(/rding  to  the  elevation  plan,  was  tf  be 
hailt,  or  only  a  part  of  it,  and  they  told  him  (Bailey)  they  had  not 
decided.  They  wished  to  wait  nntil  another  commissioner  came. 
Bailey  then  asked  them  how  the  job  was  to  be  bid-  for,  whether 
by  the  gross  snro,  or  snch  per  foot,  or  yard,  or  how  the  proposala 
shonld  be  put  in,  and  he  conld  get  from  them  no  satisfdctory  reply. 
Thinks  Mr.  Sanborn  told  him  that  the  plans  for  the  building  had 
not  arrived.  Bailey  then  said  to  Sanborn,  there  is  no  use  of  stay- 
ing here,  I  shall  not  get  the  job,  and  he  (Sanborn)  replied  by  say- 
ing ^  yon  know  bow  State  jobs  always  go,"  and  Mr.  Sanborn  then 
said  there  was  one  hid  in  o/nd  that  it  would  he  declared  off  ihe 
next  day. 

On  being  cross  examined  by  Mr.  Sanborn,  Mr.  Bailey  sworo, 
among  other  things,  speaking  of  the  interview  in  Milwaukee,  as 
follows :  "  I  said  to  be  Sanborn  like  this,  Sanborn,  if  you  will  do 
something  for  me  in  that  job,  meaning  the  Lanatic  Asylum  con- 
tract, you  shall  not  lose  anything  by  it ;  to  which  Mr.  Sanborn 
replied  that  he  should  like  to  make  a  thousand  dollars  out  of  it/' 

The  superintendent,  Dr.  McLane,  swore,  among  other  tluogSi 
that  the  grounds  for  the  Lunatic  Asylum  were  purchased  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Qovernor ;  that  the  notice  for  proposal^ 
was  also  published  wiUi  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor, 
who  consented  to  the  manner  of  its  publication ;  that  the  contract 
with  Mr.  Proudfit  was  entered  into  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Qovernor,  who  was  present  when  the  bids  were  opened,  as 
was  also  George  B.  Smith.  No  architect  was  employed  by  him, 
or  with  bis  knowledge,  to  make  any  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the 
Asylum  under  the  contract,  either  before  or  since  it  was  let.  Mr. 
Kesley  swore,  on  being  cross  examined  by  Mr.  Sanborn,  among 
other  things,  that  Mr.  Sanborn  stated  to  him  that  he  would  do  all 
he  could  to  get  him  (Sealey)  the  contract,  without  saying  he  want- 
6 


4S 

ed  an  iBterest  in  the  contract.  Sanborn  said  to  him  (Bedey)  thak 
he  wanted  to  make  something  out  of  it^  at  the  same  time  that  he 
said  he  would  do  all  he  coold  to  get  him  (Besle;)  the  contract. 
The  morning  after  the  contract  was  let  Mr.  Sanborn  told  him  (Bee- 
ley)  that  Dr.  Bngh  and  Proudfit  kept  aloof  from  him  (Sanborn,)  and 
he  thonght  there  was  ooUnslon  between  them,  and  "  that  Bngh 
told  him  (Sanborn)  that  Proadfit  would  gi^e  him  (Sanborn)  a 
place.*'  Upon  this  point  of  the  testimony,  and  that  of  like  char-* 
aoter,  your  committee  make  no  comments  in  this  place. 

It  appears,  fUrther,  that  Yittam,  one  of  the  commissioners,  and 
Br.  McLane,  the  superintendent,  were  members  of  the  senate  at 
the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  aet,  and  thattiiey  were  appointed  to 
their  respective  ofiSces  by  the  Gtovemor  before  the  term  of  their 
office  as  senators  had  ei^pired,  in  direct  violation  of  the  constitn* 
tion,  which  expressly  declares  that  "  no  member  of  the  legislatore 
shall,  during  the  term  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  or 
elected  to  any  civil  office  in  the  State  which  shall  have  been  crea- 
ted or  the  emoluments  of  which  shall  have  been  increased  during 
the  term  for  which  he  was  elected."  We  make  no  comment  upoa 
the  object  of  these  unconstitutional  appointments. 

We  find  that  the  sum  of  $15,000  has  been  disposed  of  as  follows : 

Clearing  ground  for  Asylum,  expense  of  plans, 

Jmblishmg  notices,  office  rent,  &c.,  $932  03 

ary  of  Geo.  R.  McLane,  sup't,  $1,360 

Expense  of  visiting  eastern  institutions,  250 


B.  G.  Biigh,  per  diem,  $765  00 

Stage  fare  and  other  expenses,  216  00 

D.  S.  Yittum,  ^er  diem,  540  00 

Stage  fare,  carriage  hire,  &c.,  415  00 

A.  S.  Sanborn,  per  diem,  700  60 

Stage  fare,  livery  hire,  &c.,  84  75 


1,600  00 
980  00 
955  00 
785  75 


Paid  to  A.  Proudfit,  on  estimates,  8,030  20 

i  Total,  $14,801  93 

Balance  cf  $16,000,  supposed  to  be  in  the  Treaanry,  198  07 


4ft 

lliese  accounts  have  been  audited  and  paid  to  eaefa  other  hj 
the  commissioners  themselves.  Mr.  Sanborn  has  received  per 
diem  for  over  forty  days  longer  than  he  has  served ;  and  Mr.  Mc* 
Lane,  on  a  salary  of  $1200  per  year,  and  before  the  close  of  his 
first  year,  has  received  $1350.  These  statistics,  taken  from  the 
records  of  the  proceedings  of  the  commissioners,  show  that  they 
have  been  paying  to  Proadfit  a  large  sum  of  money  belonging  to 
the  State,  before  they  had  any  means  of  knowing  whether  the 
State  would  ratify  that  monstrous  contract,  and  they  also  show 
that  the  commissioners  and  superintendent  were  disposing  of  the 
public  funds,  and  pacing  themselves  for  services  never  performed, 
upon  a  scale  commensurate  with  the  dignity  of  the  State  they 
serve,  and  with  the  magnificence  of  the  contract  they  had  made. 

Tlie  State  of  Ohio  has  recently  erected  a  splendid  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum, near  Cleveland,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description :  The 
-central  part  is  four  stories  high,  120  feet  long^  and  70  feet  wide. 
The  wings  extend  on  cither  side  136  feet,  and  cross  wings  85  by 
24  feet,  built  of  grey  sandstone.  The  first  appropriation  of  the 
legislature  was  $70,000,  which  has  been  increased  by  the  legisla- 
ture of  1854  with  the  sum  of  $47,000 ;  $22,000  of  which  was  for 
furnishing  supplies  and  salaries  of  officers.  The  cost  of  the  Asy* 
lum  building  is  $95,000.  Ohio  is  but  the  second  or  third  State  in 
the  Union  in  wealth  and  population ;  the  population  is  about  two 
millions.  If  that  is  a  sufiicient,  convenient,  and  splendid  institu- 
tion for  the  great  State  of  Ohio,  how  far.  In  the  language  of  our 
-commissioners,  has  Ohio  "  fallen  into  the  rear  rank  of  the  march  of 
improvement "  behind  Wisconsin,  with  her  population  of  five  hun- 
dred thousand, — her  resources  but  partially  developed, — and  her 
Lunatic  Asylum  costing  near  half  a  million  of  dollars !  The  com- 
missioners, in  their  report,  tell  us  that  in  New  York  "  the  Utica 
Asylum  originally  cost  $200,000,  and  that  until  recently  it  has  been 
regarded  as  a  model  institution,  yet  the  legislature  of  New  York, 
with  a  liberality  that  refuses  to  deny  any  expenditiure  that  may  be 
necessary  to  render  it  more  perfect  and  an  instrument  for  accom- 
plishing the  benevolent  object  of  its  erection,  had  authorized  an 


additional  oxpenditoro  of  $75»000  the  past  season."  Whole  cost  of 
the  New  York  Asylum,  capable  of  accoromodatiog  600  to  700 

patients,  $27-'>t000,  Kew  York  has  a  population  of  about  three 
railiioiis ;  is  the  richest  State  in  the  Union ;  is  older  than  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States ;  and  has  passed,  even  as  a  State^ 
the  three  score  and  ten  years  allotted  by  the  Psalmist  as  the  limit 
of  human  life ;  and  yet  how  far,  in  tho  mind  of  these  commission- 
ers, has  New  York  fallen  behind  Wisconsin,  ''  into  the  rear  rank 
of  the  march  of  improvement."  Nothing  will  answer  for  WiS' 
consin,—with  her  population  only  one-sixth  as  largo  as  New 
York,— but  an  Asylum  modelled  after  the  great  National  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  for  the  Army  and  Navy,  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
costing  nearly  half  a  million  of  dollars.  Your  committee  may  feel, 
with  a  just  pride,  that  but  a  few  years  will  elapse  before  the 
TTnited  States  government  will  be  behind  Wisconsin,  and  will 
have  "  fallen  into  the  rear  rank  in  the  march  of  improvement." 
The  commissioners  have  told  us,  in  their  report,  that  the  "  Wis- 
consin State  Lunatic  Asylum,  when  fully  completed^  will  accom- 
modate from  250  to  300  patients,  and  the  cost  of  the  entire  struc- 
ture will  be  the  sum  of  $150,000."  "  But  the  wants  of  the  in- 
sane in  this  State  may  not  demand  the  expenditure  of  that  amount 
for  many  years." 

Yet  the  commissioners  have  let  the  contract  to  erect  the  whole 
building,  the  main  building,  and  eight  wings  of  which  are  to  be 
built  within  two  years,  at  an  expense,  as  proved  by  unimpeacha- 
ble witnesses,  ot  over  $300,000 ;  and  the  other  wings  to  be  erected 
when  directed  by  the  commissioners,  giving  one  year's  time,&c. 

The  commissioners  say  that  the  entire  cost  of  the  building,  when 
completed,  will  be  $150,000;  and  yet  they  swear  before  your 
committee  that  they  have  oever  had  any  estimates  made  of  what 
the  expense  would  bo  under  the  contract.  To  put  a  charitable 
oonstruction  upon  it,  we  may  say  that  they  are  deceiving  the  le- 
gislature and  the  people,  by  guessing  and  reporting  on  expense 
that  they  know  nothing  about  On  page  8  of  their  report  they  saj 
<(  the  coat  of  the  portion  of  the  building  to  be  completed  within  the 


46 

year  1856  will  bo  $87,743.  The  estimate  has  been  made  with 
reference  to  the  bid  of  Mr.  Prondfit,  by  an  able  and  experienced 
architect,  and  the  commissioners  are  confident  that  such  sum  is 
abundantly  sufficient.''  Two  of  the  commissioners  and  the  super- 
intendent 4B  wore  before  the  committee  that  they  had  no  knowledge 
of  any  such  estimates  having  been  made  at  all,  and  Mr.  Vittnm 
swore,  at  first,  that  he  had  had  several  estimates  made,  by  difier- 
ent  persons;  but  finally,  npon  reflection,  swore  that  the  commis- 
fiioners  had  never  had  any  made,  to  his  knowledge,  as  to  the  ex- 
pense of  that  portion  of  the  building  to  be  completed  during  the 
year  1855,  but  that  ho  had,  for  his  own  information,  asked  Mr. 
H'ewton,  astone  wason,  of  Baraboo,  what  his  opinion  of  the  cost 
of  the  stone  work  would  be,  and  he  told  him  (Vittum),  but  Mr. 
'Vittnm  could  not  recollcet;  what  that  amount  was.  The  report  of 
the  commissibnerB  to  the  legislature  was  an  ofiioial  report,  made 
bj  sworn  officers.  The  statement  of  expense,  and  of  the  fact  that 
an  estimate  had  been  made  by  an  able  and  experienced  architeot, 
was*  plain  unequivocal  statemont  in  relation  to  a  matter  upon 
which  they  could  not  bo  deceived ;  and  yet,  in  their  testimony  be- 
fore your  committee,  the  commissioners  sercrally  virtually  swear 
that  tlua  statemont  in  tlicir  report  to  the  legialaturo  was  not  true. 
The  amount  necessary  to  be  expended  under  the  contract  for  the 
year  1855  would  be,  according  to  the  contract,  $184,000 

Add  cost  of  engine  house,  furnaces,  &c,,  30,000 

Add  also  accessary  furniture,  eatimated  at  20,000 

And  we  have  the  gross  sum  of  $284,000 

To  be  expended  the  present  year,  in  order  to  get  it  into  operation 
at  all.  In  order  to  show  that  .the  commissioners  have  been  modt 
egregiously  and  unaccountably  mistaken,  and  Messrs.  Mygatt, 
Palmer  and  Bird,  in  the  sworn  estimates  they  made,  both  at  con- 
tract and  at  just  and  fair  prices,  are  correct,  your  committee  avail 
themselves  of  the  proposition  made  by  Mr.  Proudfit  to  the  legisla- 
ture on  the  17th  March,  1855.  Tliis  proposition  is  made  with  a 
view,  he  says,  of  an  adjustment  of  the  matter  at  the  present  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature.    He  proposes  to  build  the  centre  building 


and  one  longitudinal  and  one  transTerse  wing  on  each  side,  in  tbd 
manner  provided  for  in  his  contract,  for  the  sum  of  $155,000. — 
This  is  the  portion  of  the  building  to  be  completed  the  present 
year,  according  to  his  contract,  and  is  five  thousand  dollars  mor^ 
than  the  commissioners  reported  to  the  legislature  the  whole  coat 
of  the  building  would  be,  when  entirely  completed,  and  i9$87,2S7 
more  than  the  commissioners  reported  the  same  work  would  cost 
for  the  year  1855.  The  proposition  is  a  kind  of  a  compromise  be- 
tween fair,  just,  and  reasonable  prices  and  his  contract  prices.  He 
also  proposes  to  build  two  more  longitudinal  and  two  more  trans- 
verse wings,  in  the  manner  provided  by  contract,  for  the  sum  of 
$85,000;  which  is  less  than  his  contract  price  $14,412,  and  more 
than  a  fair,  reasonable,  and  just  price,  as  proved  $18,366. 

The  whole  work  which  he  proposes  to  do  under  his  preposition* 
would  amount  to  the  sum  of  $240,000,  which  would  be  leas  than 
his  contract  price  of  $48,450  46,  and  more  than  a  fair,  just,  and 
•reaeonable  price,  as  proved  by  Palmer,  Mygatt  and  Bird  $47,677  M 
— ^and  at  his  last  proposition,  the  expense  to  the  State,  inclading 
the  expense  of  fxirDishing  the  Asylum,  as  estimated,  would  be  the 
liberal  sum  of  $290,000,  which  exceeds  the  cost  of  the  new  and 
splendid  Northern  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum  the  sum  of  $173,000. 

The  proposition  submitted  by  Mr.  Proudfit  to  the  legislature 
only  shows  more  clearly  the  great  wrong  done  to  the  state  by  the 
commissioners,  under  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor;  and 
it  shows  also  that  the  commissioners  are  either  entirely  ignorant 
of  what  they  are  about,  or  else  it  shows  that  the  estimates  madeia 
their  report  to  the  legislature  were  made  far  below  what  the  com* 
missioners  knew  the  real  expense  would  be,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
ducing the  legislature  to  make  some  appropriation,  or  do  sonae 
act  which  might  be  construed  into  a  ratification  of  the  contract, 
without  due  consideration,  and  thus  fasten  the  liability  of  the  state 
beyond  the  most  remote  chance  of  escape.  There  is  another  quoB* 
tion  in  this  case  of  some  importance  to  the  people  of  this  state, 
and  for  the  legislature  to  consider,  and  that  is  the  constitutional 
prohibition  against  the  state  constracting  public  debts,  which,  ix\ 


47 

tile  aggregate,  Bhali  exceed  the  snmof  one  hundred  thousand  d6l- 
Hub..  It  18  (A  some  impc^tance  to  know  whether  that  provision 
means  anything.  If  it  does  mean  anything,  and  means  what  it 
saye,  then  every  act  which  contracts  a  pnblicdebt  above  that  smay, 
and  every  act  of  the  legislature,  or  of  the  officers  of  state,  in  the 
process  of  contracting  sneh  a  debt,  is  a  nnllity.  If  it  doeq  n^t 
mean  anything,  contracts  may  be  loosely  made,  which  will  involve 
the  state  in  debts,  amoanting  to  millions  of  dollars,  and  no  Umita^ 
tion  will  be  effectual.  The  state  is  already  in  debt  iar  beyond  the 
constitutional  Unlit,  independent-  of  this  Proudfit  contract.  A 
wide  distinction  may  here  be  drawn  between  the  state,  incurring 
^liability  on  account  of  the  mismanagement  or  misapplication  of 
a  trust,  and  a  voluntary  debt  created  by  a  voluntary  contract  If 
the  state  has  no  right  to  create  a  public  debt  of  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  the  state  has  no  right  to  make  a  Toluntary  oour 
t«fact|  which  will  by  its  express  operation  create  snch  a  debt,  for 
the  xoadlng  of  such  a  voluntary  contract  is  the  process  for  creating 
the  debt.  Upon  this  ground  also  your  committee  is  clearly  of  the 
opinion  that  the  oontr act  with  Proudfit  is  unconstitutional  and  void. 
Year  ccanmittee  have  been  unable  to  see  this  whole  transaction  in 
any  other  light  that^  that  expressed  in  this  report.  The  course 
which  has  been  pursued  is  one  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  states. 
lliere  would  seem  to  be  no  safety  for  the  people,  and  no  confi- 
dence to  be  reposed  anywhere.  Your  committee  have  endeavored 
to  get  at  the  whole  &cts  connected  with  this  matter,  but  are  satis- 
fied that  they  have  not  been  able  to  do  so.  But  they  have  been 
able  to  find  evidence  to  show  what  is  herein  stated,  and  that  the 
contract  itself  is  a  fraud  upon  the  last  legislature  and  the  peoplci 
and  that  it  is  one  which  it  is  our  duty  to  shake  off.  Whenever 
any  testimony  has  been  adduced,  implicating  any  one  of  the  com- 
missioners, we  have  given  them  an  opportunity  to  see  the  testimo- 
ny, to  cross  examine  the  witnesses,  and  if  they  had  chosen  to  in- 
troduce testimony  by  way  of  explanation.  In  some  instances  they 
have  availed  themselves  of  this  privilege.  Your  committee  has 
also  given  Mr.  Proudfit  ample  opportunity  to  appear  before  your 


48 

ooaitnittee  with  testimony  and  with  counsel.  He  has  availed  him- 
self  of  the  latter,  and  your  committee  have  listened  with  pleasnre 
and  instrnotion  to  the  able  oral  arguments  of  Messrs.  Ryan  and 
Orton,  and  to  the  written  argainents  of  Messrs.  Knowlton,  Baa* 
dies  and  Arnold.  Your  committee  are  however  well  satisfied  that 
the  positions  taken  in  this  report,  will  bear  both  the  scrutiny  of 
the  people  and  of  the  judicial  tribunals,  for  we  do  not  hesitate  to 
declare  our  opinion  that  no  judge  of  a  court  of  record  in  thisstate 
would  sustain  this  contract. 

Your  committee  feel  now  that  they  have  done  their  duty  and 
oan  only  further  recommend  that  the  law  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  commissioners,  be  repealed,  and  that  Mr.  Proudfit  be  no- 
tified that  this  state  disavows  the  aotion  of  those  commissioners. 
We  are  satisfied  this  is  what  the  legislature  ought  to  do,  and  what 
the  people — ^whose  burthens  are  already  heavy — imperatively  de- 
mand. With  this  view  your  committee  report  a  bill  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  ask  to  be  discharged  from  the  farther  consideration  of 
the  subject. 

P.  H.  SMITH, 

Cb'n  joint  com. 
B.  Q.  GILL, 
J.  Q.  ADAMS, 

Senators. 
A.  W.RANDALL, 
WM.  W.  FIELD, 
A.  FILER, 


ESTIMATES. 

To  Hoar.  P,  H.  Smtth, 

Ohairman  of  Com,  on  Wiaoonsin  State  LunaHo  Ai3flum : 

Sir: — ^Agreeably  to  the  request  of  your  committee  we  have  ea- 
imated  the  cost  of  the  building  to  be  erected  under  the  contract 
of  Andrew  Proudfit,  Esq.,  bj  the  contract  prices,  and  also  by  lib- 
eral prices  for  work  and  materials  furnished  and  delivered  on  the 
grounds  selected^for  the  asylum,  with  the  following  results ; 

Q.  W.  MTGATT, 
EDWIN  PALMEB, 
A.  A.  BIBD. 


COST   OP   MAIN    BUILDING, 
Per  Contract  and  Estimate  Price. 


and  trenches  for  footings  to 

^^^"^^  locoes  100 16  ;   « 

-«^,  ,.     ,  — '' 8442  40 1189  60 

6801  Perches  rubble  work  for  ' 

cellar,  corridor  walls,  and  in-  '  • 

cloding2nd,8rd,and4th8to-  • 

ries  and  tjmpannna,  3  go  3  00  ' 

.^  _     .        ^_  ^  24,488  60  _   20,408  00 

27  Perch,  or  456  feet  cut.  stone  .     • 

for    window  sills,  2nd,  3rd,  per  it 

and4thstori€^  le  50  00  60 

■ 446  60  222  60 

56;?  Perch  cut  stone,  for  first  or 

basement  story  walls,  le  60 

100  Feet  cut  stone,  for  fire  proof 


6  00 
9278  00 2810  00 


Mfe^iiocHr  and  ceiling,  1  oo 

55,Peich  cut  stone,  for  quoin 
comers  (rustic),  16  60 


00  60 
100  00  50  00 

6  00  « 

— : 907  60 276  00 

100  P<|icli  cut  stone,  main  drain, 
including  water  lime,  4OO  00  400  00 '  ■ 

160  Yards  excaration  for  drain,      00  35  00  16  • 

— : 62  16  22  60 

1060  Yards  tiling  or  flagging 

folkifc^en,  ^  Od  40  00  40        ' 

— ^  420  00  .  420  00 


52 

ContracU  ErtiiData. 

177,500  Brick  for  partition  walk^ 

inclading  arches  and  fire  proof 

•afe,  12  50  .         '  10  00 

2218  00  1775  00 

1198  Yards  mastic  finish   and 

pencilling  outside  walls,  to  2dy 

8d  and  4th  stories,  45  45 

589  00       5a0  00 

11034  Yards  lathing  and  plast- 
ering, three  coat  work,  includ- 

.jug  lath  for  outside  waUs,  56  28 

$179  04      — ^      3089  54 

1456  Yds.  deafning  floors  (mor-  ■  '^ 

tar,)  28.  10 

407  68      145  60 

t69,750  Feet  lumber,  for  joists, 

rafters,  deafning,  root  cor- 
nices, windows,  doors,  shut- 
lers,    staira,  flooring  timber, 

eopola,  and  for  finishing  gpne- 

rallj  throughout,  84  95 

9388  81 

1 44,00  Feet  common  lumber  for 

rafters,  partitiona,  floors  and 

roof  boards,  21 

79,850  Feet  clear  lumber,  for 

oomice,     window     shutten^ 

stairs,  doors  and  finish,  30 

28^5  59 

86,000  Feet  flooring,  1 1-4  dear,  26 


f  252  Ft.  timber,  lineal  measure, 
or  9900  feet  superficial,  10 

3750  ¥U  oak  lumber,  for  fcreado, 
Ac.,  to  sUirs,  22  50  .  20 


12,766  Feet  tin  for  roo^  includ- 
ing dome  and  veranda,  26  12^ 


8624  06 


936  00 


225  2 


84  37      75  00 

12i 
3191  50      1595  75 


66 


^^2Jfe^l  conductor  pipes,  tin, 
4  inch, 

172  Feet  speaking  tubes  tin, 

1500  Pounds  gas  pipe,  average 
sixe^  one  inch, 


Goniraot  Estimate 


25 

20 
«8  00      

54  So 

25 

10 
43  00.     

1^  M 

16 

peritlin. 
80 

2246  40       860  00 


14040  Pounds  wrought  iron  for 
.   ancjiors,    rods,    wive  guards, 

railing,  verandah,  stains,  <&c.,  16  13 


Tkedifferenl  siz^  of'ifon 
used  in  building  avarages  the 

<  amdunt  of  18a  per  \h^  a»  in- 
cluded in  the  estimate  price. 

2S,070  Pounds  cart  ironM  ve- 
randah columns,  risers  to  st'rs, 
bracketts,  window  and  dumb 
waiter  weights,  12 


2246  40      1821;  2% 


65  Doz.  per  butts  for  doors  [and 

2648 

40 

1765  OO* 

shutterB,  average  size  (4  in.,) 
66  Gross  screws,  average  size. 

3 

195  00 

1  50 

97  50 

11-4, 

8 

130  00 

75 

48  75 

01  Locks  for  doors, 

35  Doz,  cabin  hooks  for  window 

2  50 

197 

50 

1  50 

136  OO 

shutters, 

a7i 

13  12f 

Zfi  Doi.  window  frame  puUies, 

1 

80  00 

100  Pounds  sash  cords^ 

20 

20  OO 

8  Boien  sash  fastenings, 

8  Iron  sheaves  for  two  dumb 

3 

84  OO 

waiteia 

2 

16  OO 


H 


^ 

Contract 

Estimate. 

Bope  and  windlass  for  same, 

lo'oii 

5500  Pounds  nails, 

7 

385  00 

7 

385  00 

00  Boxes  American  glass, 

9  50 

475  00 

3  76 

18)  50 

13  Water-closet  basins  (iron,) 

18 

234  00 

18 

234  QO 

1  Bathing  tub  (sine,) 

15  00 

15  00 

48  Hot  air  registers, 

4  00 

102  00 

4  00 

192  00 

48  Yentilatois, 

2  00 

96  00 

2  00 

96  00 

06  Tin  frames  or  boxes  for  do^ 

50 

48  00 

50 

48  00 

9829  Pounds  lead  for  reservoir. 

and  conducting  soil,  and  other 

pipes  for  hoi  and  cold  water, 

10 

982  90 

10 

982  90 

2000  Pounds  iron  for  fire  proof 

safe,  half  wrought  and  half 

cast  iron,  complete,  with  locks 

and  bolts,  &c^ 

280  00 

280  00 

4  Spout  stones  for  conductor 

pipes,  24  feet, 
6   Bells  with  crank,    wire  and 

1 

24  00 

50 

12  00 

trimmings  complete,  to  dining 

'  room, 

5 

80  00 

5 

30  00 

Faucetts  and  stop  cocks  for  hot 

and  cofd  water  pipes,  6  00  6  00 

For  fitting  up  water,  soil  and 
waste  pipes,  Hning  reservoirs, 
and  plumbers^  work,  through- 
out|  500  00  50O  00 


<^6 
Va/rpenter  imdJamer  wrh^,    .. 

^        Otfnttei  ' 

Framing  and  tiising   joists   for  . 

floors^  oeXng  joists,  roof  tim- 

bars  and  rafter^ 
Main  cornice   (652  feet).  |2  00 

Koof  Boarding,    . 

Framing,  Raising  and  '  furnish- 
ing cupola  and  dome,  includ- 
ing base  and  cornice ;  also 
floor  and  ceiling, 

Front  yeranhah,roof  floors,  corn- 
ice/<&c.  to  same. 

Front  and  rear  entrance  doors, 
side  lights  and  inside  casings, 
fitting  all  trimmings  to  same, 

Oi  winciow  frames,  sash  shutters 
for  all  specified  and  including 
inside  easings  complete, 

jBS[<ttMar  window  frames,  sa8h,dcc. 

complete,  2  ea.      •  , 

MO  flooring  planed  and  match- 
ed, and  laid,  .  ... 

Setting  pariUiftt  studs, 

98  Inside  doorsyincluding  making 
casing  and  hanging;     also^  , 

trimming  complete,87  ea- 

IKttiog  treads  to  main  stair  case, 
(iron  string  pieces)  1st.  story, 

Three  flights  itairs  to  4th  story, 
finished  complete  with  mould- 
ed hand  mil  as  per  section, 
platform,  base  and  skirting, 

Finishing  attic  and  cellar  stairs,  \ 

Cross]  corridor   doors  and  side 
'^U^tsfor^^lst  and  4th  stories, 


'C#iiiftte, 


looo'oo 

ii64  00 
'ad  00 


500  00 
250  00 

751  W) 


lOM.OO 

44  00 

324. 00 
.  ?0,00 

...        '  T 

«S&:00 

80  BO 

300 ' Ob 
WOO 

'«(roo 


Coatni^  Ettimata. 

KDiahiDg  two  dumb  waiteM,  fift- 

.    tinjg;  rfieavei^  ooid  ind  wfaid- 

iMB,  $60  ea.  .  $60 

—        ItO  00 
Finisbing  China   dosets,    with 

'BhelvM^&c.  85  00 

Foniisbiiig  clothes  doeets  with 

,  ,c)ieat8  and  pins,  S5  00 

Fitting  base  for  all  rooms  throngb- 

out,  .   .  140  00 

Sitting  water  closets  and  batb 

rooms,    and     preparing    for 

waste  and  water  pipes^  80  00 

Finisbiiig  steps  to  wing  build* 

ing  from  3d.  story  and  from 

pktform  of  8tairB»  ,  10  00 

BqMHring    for    pipes   to  batb 

rooms  and  fitting  same,  10  00 

Oarpenter  work  in  fitting  and 

poitiag  up    gas    aud  water 

pipe%  60  00 

Finishing  pulpit  and  platform,  8 

steps  to  platform  in  chapel,  SO  00 

65  seats  in  chapd  with  scroll 

backs  and  arms,  $4  00 

140  06 

Deafning   floora,  boarded  close 

and  cut  between  joists^  (tkreo 

floon).  100  00 

Wood  work  to  reser?oir  in  oupo« 

la  or  dome^  50  00 

Fitting  iron  window  guards^  84  00 

Fitting  firring  to  outside  wallv  40  00 

Pieparing  and  fitting  bond  tim- 
ben  and  lintels  for  dooia  and 
(.   wtedowfl^  50  00 


Painting. 

ttildyds.  pmtiog  tin  on  roof, 

base,  coroice  and  roof  of  dome,  .•  ♦  . 

iDckdiog  f^andah  roof,  two 
'    coata  upper  did^  and  one  coat 

underside,  •*'     "'       'J5 


150  yds.  wood  work  to'onpda, 
IncludiDg  cornice,  >  !28 

856^ydflL  main  cornice^  (girimg 
saine,)  '  i5 

444  jda.  front  verandah,  includ- 
ing iron  work,  floors,  ceilings 
^miee  and  faois  to  floors,  -25 

1274  yds.  painting  and  glazing 
windows,  including  inaide 
casings,  abutters  and  window 
guards,  "25 

00  yds^  front  entrance  doors,  aid* 
ligbts,  including  inside  casings,  S5 

1078  yds.  inside  (room)  doors^ 
two  sides,  including  casings 
and  jamba^  25 

262  yds.  painting  for  lat)  2d  and         .  . 

Sd  story  stairs,  26 

356  yds,  painting  base  in  all 
rooms,  average  width  8  inchesi  26 

140  yds.  painting  dumb  wuters^ 

indnding  slides,       '  26 


tfl  60 


ST  *P 


221  26 


111  00 


B18  60 
Id  00 

269  60 
63  00 

88  n 

$6  40 


28  yds.  painting  water  closetii  .^^        .  M-    ,. 

V  —        r  00 

8 


iS8 


S8*jdi.{»aiDtiiig  edUr  wiaiotws, 

290  yds.  painting  aeata^  polpit 
and  steps  to  platform  in  chapel 


Total  cost  of  main  building, 


Contract 


Joiner  work  on  main  building, 

as  per  proposal, 

t496  00 

Extra  items  as  per  proposal, 

1800  00 

Painting  on    do        do 

1000  00 

Add  for  incident^  expense^ 

• 

$77,869  60 


25 


25 


Esttmate. 


u  eo 


72  50 


325  00 
•53,38S  34 


LONGITUDINAL  AND  TRANSVERSE  WING  BUILDING,  A. 


1112  yds.  excavations  for  cellar 
and  trenches  for  footing  for 
.<  stone' walla,  $0  35 

2020  perch  rubble  work  for  cel- 
lar walls,  iockiding  2d  and  dd 
stories,  outside,  and  also,  corri- 
dor walls,  3  60 

^  p6rch  rubble  lor  steps,  8  60 

523  perch  cut  stone,  in  first  or 
basement  story  walls,  16  60 

It  p^ich  basement  steps  in  rear,       16  50 

22  perch  or  36  feet  lieneal,  for 

^ii^dow  silW . .  16  50 

34  ^erch  cat^'tflone  quoins,  rustic,      16  50 


•ddS  20 


7272  06 
7  20 

8629  50 

25  00 
I 

363  00 
561  00 


$0  15 


3  00 
3  00 

5  00 

5  00 

pr.  ft.  lineal. 
50 

5  00 


$166  BO 


6060  00 
6  00 

26l5  00 
8  30 

180  00 
170  00 


Contract  Estimate. 


564,000  briek  for  partition,  oor- 

*  7   * 

•  ridor,  arches,  and  orott'corridar 

-- 

) 

wallfi, 

IH 

10 

•I  * 

7060  OO 

5640  00 

1174  yds.  mastic  finish  and  pen- 
ciling for  outside  walls,  2d,  dd 
and  4th  stories,  45  45 


5t8  80        528  80 


8706  yds.  lathing  and  plastering, 
3  coat  work,  including  lath 
for  outside  walls,  6S  .28 


4875  36         2437  68 


'700  yds.  lathing  and  plastering. 


attic  story,  56  28 

"^^ 392  00        


196  op 
880  00         100  00 


1000  yds.  deafning  floors,  (mor- 
tar,) 28  14 

85  perch  stone,  connecting  drain, 
including  water  lime,  . 

100  yds.  excavations  for  same, 

205  ft.  stone  flagging  on  cross 
corridor,  bath  rooms  and  wa- 

'  ter  closets, 

M,444  ft  common  lutt^ber  for 
joists,  rafters,  wall  plates,  roof 
boards,  ventilator  shatts,  in-  '^ 

clyding  deafning    fgr-  floojs, 
lintels  to  windows  and  doors,         ....  21 

63,820  ft.  clear  lumber,  for  win-  ,. 

dows,  doors,  stairs,  base,  ag- 
ings, sash  d^oip,  y    .  80 

156,264  ft;,  lumber,  common  and       .  ■     ,    ., 

.  dwr^  for  work  as  aboyiS,    ,  H  J^ 

'- W80  17 


4  00 

840  00 

4  00 

840  00 

85 

36  00 

15 

15  00 

..^P 

82  OD 

40 

82  OA 

1  . 

1941  3^ 


1914  60 


«• 


80,000  ft  flooriog, 

1000  ft.  oak  liimber  for  Btaiis, 

8582  ft  tin  for  roof,  including 
dome,  cornice  and  base, 

200  it  tin  waterconduetoraiin. 

100  feet  dust  conductors,  12  in. 

870  Jbs.  or  180  ft  gas  pipea  in 
corridore  and  large  rooms,  sto- 
ries, 

17,830  lbs  wrought  iron  for  an- 
chors, rods,  wire  guards,  flue 
barsi 

865  lbs  for  wicket  doon 

13,880  lbs  cast  iron  for  stairs, 
sash,  window  weights,  dumb 
waiter  weights,  and  npper 
sash  for  dormitory  windows, 

11  doJE  butts  4  in.  average 

21  gross  screws  1^  in.  average, 

78  locks  for  dooTs^  each 

0    do     **    sash  doors,  each 

78  do      *■    wicket  doozB 

Odoz  butts  for       do 

146  bolts  for  room  doors 


Contraot  Estimate. 

34  75  26  00 
1042  50        ' 7$0  00 

2f  50  20  00 


22  50 


20  00 


25 

2145  50 

m 

1072  75 

25 

50  00 

20 

40  00 

50 

50  00 

40 

40  00 

per 

foot  lineaL 

16 

139  20 

30 

174  00 

16  IS 

—  2854  24  ~      2310  07 

16  13 

—  58  00  47  45 


12 

1665  60 

8 

1110  40 

3  00 

33  00 

1  50 

16  50 

2  00 

42  00 

75 

16  75 

2  50 

182  60 

1  50 

109  50 

2  50 

15  00 

1  50 

0  00 

2  50 

1Q9  50 

50 

80  50 

3  00 

18  00 

1  00 

6  00 

1  25 

182  60 

63 

01  2^ 

«i 


I 


'*     ''''                    Oontraet  .              ,  Eatimet«k 
SO  doB  window  frame  pulliM,  ^   '    .  .^  >  '  ^  !^^ 

.    ..-^— i*-  I.'   WOO' 

5grjn8erew8  .  q0ii   ;-'  ;.   -  '[ 

eplbanttheord,  .  .  ^  i  .  :,      W.  .    . , 

. .   -  -    ^3  pa 

10  doz  sash  fiutoniags  '      3  00 

,      y       —     30  00 

4  iroiii  BlieaTOs  for  dumb  waiter,                                  -  '  2  00        •    ^     >  <' 

:    L       :.  '8rw 

Bope  and  windtasa  to  same,  ,         ,  5  00 

68  boxes  American  gla«                   9  50  "     '  ^  ^^ 

551  00 2iY  50 

4,000  Ibi  nails                                       1  r 

^  MO  do  -.        180  001 
2  water  closet  basitts,  iron,  with 

cranks  and  t^ilbmingft  com-  ,         ,  . 

plete  '  18  00 


8  bathing  tabs,  (sine)  15.  00 

86  hot  air  registers  *                  4  OO 

65  ventilatorB 2  00 

148  ftaknes  for  dc^  { tin,)  50 

325  lbs  lead  pipe  for  cold  and 

hot    water,    soil    pipes,    dip  ^ 

trapa^  <kc.,  to  water  closets,  in- 

dudiog  tank  in  attic  storj,  lO 

4  spout   stones  for  conductor  :      ^ 

fipe4  24  feet,                               1  00  50 

»f  OO.w         -*      '     18  OOi 

8  iron  doors  for  dast  condactors  ,      >  ,    ,{ 

wei|jh^  100  Ibe                                 16  80                ,  • 

—  16  00  -T-          «0  00 
4  inside  window  guards  to  dor- 
mitory window,  200  lbs.                   16  80    , 

—  82  00  —    '      40  4*0 


36  00 

80*00' 

840  00 

180  op  , 

71  5pf 

8^5  60  ^ 


,  .  ^  Oontnet  EBtimates. 

Fauceltsand^t^xocksfor  liot  .,-  :   < 

'.find  cold  water  pipes  18  00  18  00 

For  fitting  u(^..  water  soil  and 

^''WMe  pipes,  liDiDg  reservoin 

and  plamberV  Work  throngbout|  300  00  900  00 

I^rkmiDg  and  raisiog  joists  for 

..jPoors,  roof,  WidgiDg  floors  660  00 

Roof  boarding  ^d  fitting  gutters  ^  .  «  i    <  .  50  Op. 

Hilinrcomice,  458  feet  2  00 

,  .  ^1«  OO: 

Framing  and  raising  cupola,  and 

ItaUxing  outside,   floor^  an^ 

ceiling,  a  S.90  4)0 

IM  ^wmdowB,  frame  sash  and 

inside  casings  complete,  . .    8  00 


1024  00 
42  00 


21   cellar    windows^    sash  and 
^^^mes,  casings,  2  00 

'!^  .in^'de  doors,  including  ma- 
king   casingy    hanging  and 
OOimtoing,  1  00 

511  00 

e^ilsidesasbdoonii*  7  OO 

•^--^  4fli00 

Lkjring  floors  throughout^  270  00 

Finishing  stairs  from  cellar  to  at- 
tic story,  including  ventillator 
and  fitting  iron  work  to  same^  20O  00 

Fjttjng  ivon  guards  to  cross  cor- 
ridors and  wickets  to  room 
doors  r.  (<•    '  1)6  00 

Ftfiistitug  dumb  waiters,'  indtk- 
ding  rope,  sheaves  and  wind-  '    '  ' 

lassL  '     00  06 

Finishing  base  for  all  rooms  m 
difierent  stories    throughout, 


ea, 


Contraet.  Estimate, 


FhlAthi^lrater  closeta,  fiatbitig 

room,  and  preparing  for  oold 

and  hot  water,  and  also  for 

▼ash  pipes,'  30  00 

Carpenter  work   in  fitting  gas 

and  water  pipes  to  different 

rooms  and  to  reserroiTi  30  00 

Deafening  floojfl^   boarded  close 

and  cut  betweeif  joists,  .,  ,    ,.     fiQ  QO 

FitMngiron  window  guards  to 

14S^  windows^  87^ 

~       &e  00. 

Firring  oatside  vails  and  prepar- 
ing lintels  for  windows  and 
doors  and  aU  openings,  75  OiO> 

Mddag  and  fitting  ventilaling 
shaft,  horizontal  and  perpen- 
dienlar,  .       tO'0O 

Wooi  work  to  water  tank,  attic 
story,  1J6  00 

Base  in  attic  storj,  transrene  i 

wing,  10  OO. 

1  gro.  jamb  screws  for  dermiter  J 
doorjambi^Sc  ea,  11  fi/8 

3  rediment  heads  to  front  win- 
dows, transverse  wing,  14.00 


Pamtmg.  {Wing' A,) 


I 


1400  yds.  punting  tin  roof,  cu-  *     i"  ^ 

pola  aad  main  cornice,  '25 

'  ■  ...  ,;  .         —        350.  .00 

118^  yds.  paintinff  and  irlazinir 

windows,  mside  casmgs^wm- 
dow  guards,  eeliar  windows 

'ttidgbardfl^  •  .      fS      <  ^ 

—        296  75 


M 


OoDtmot 


711  jdft.  painting  inndedooni  2 
sidei^  including  caaogt,  jambg 
and  sash  doon, 

200  yds.  painting  stoireaBe  from 
cellar  to  attic  itoiy,  induding 
iron  work, 

890'  fin.  for  base  in  all  rooinsy 
throughouti 

70  ydfl.fordanib'^ait6r8,  invad- 
ing alidea, 

4  yd«.  for  water  cloMts, 

240  yds.  for  ctosb  corridera  and 
(.window  gaarda  throoghouti 

22^  yda.  for  base  in  attic  story, 
transverse  wing, 

Joiner  work  on  each  longitudinal 
and  transverse  wing,  as  per 
proposal, 
Extra  items,  as  per  proposid, 
Fainting,  as  per  proposal. 
Add  for  incidental  expense, 


Add   for   corresponding   wing; 
marked  on  plan  A« 

Total  cost  of  two  wing  building  A, 
Coat  of  longitudinal  and  trans- 
▼erse  wing  building  B, 

Add  for  incidentel  expense, 


29, 

—    m  76 


25 

^    52  25 


^5  •" 

-*    07  50 


25 

17  «0 

25 

1  00 

25 

—     60  00 


25 


5  50 


4005  00 

1200  00 

066  66 

lis  00 

136,158  84 

58,084  48 

3e,15a  S4 

1106,168  86  , 

$72,305  68 

40,706  00 

J8,142  00 

175  40 

• 

183^317  00 

65 

Contract 

Estimates. 

Add  for   oorrespoading    wing, 

' 

:    bwWiig^Bi      '   , 

4f^?(M  00. 

a%»i«?'  00 

Tolal  c^t  2  wiDga  B,    ' 

$dd,4l2  00 

♦66,634  00 

Cost  of  loDgitudinal  and  tnns- 

• '     1     ' 

1              •    1  -, 

y«Md  wing  tmildiDg,  marked 

'  -'    *^ 

C,  (eitreme  wing) 

48,700  00 

81,000  00 

Add  fof  iQei^eo^l  e^nse, 

175  00 

sr      »        • 

•31,675  00 

Add  for    oorrespondiDg    wing, 

building  C, 

48,700  00 

81,675  00 

Total  008t  of  2  wings  C» 

•9t,400  00 

•68,350  00 

Whole  amount  of  cost  of  Mam  aud  Wing  Buildmgs. 

Uain  buHding, 

77,869  60 

58,882  84 

Wing  bnilding  A,  including  lon- 

gitudinal and  trantrtrse  wings, 

106,168  86 

72,805  68 

Wing  bnilding  B,  including  lon- 

gitudinal and  transverse  wings, 

09,412  00 

66^684  00 

Wing  buildings  G,  including  lon- 

gitudinal and  transverse  wingSf 

(extreme  wings,) 

97,400  00 

68^850  00 

$880,850  00 

•255,672  00 

The  cost  of  the  engine  building 
and  bakery,  as  per  plan,  in- 
cluding the  radiating  pipes  in 
the  corridors,  and  the  connect- 
ing pipes  to  the  boiler,  the  gas 
works  and  connecting,  includ- 
ing water  pipes,  machinery, 
and  will  probably  cost, 

All  of  whieh  is  respectfotly  submitted. 


80,000  00 
9410,850  46 


80,000  00 
•285,672  02 


a  W.  MTQATT, 
EDWIN  PALMER, 
A.  A.  BIRD. 


66 


TiMiMcit  the  WoMiM  Aiiyliiii^  u  per  plan,  we  make  at  per  «mCract 
prlee  of  Apdrew  ProudSt,  I}sq^  and  alao  our  estimate  prioe,  as  follows,  and  at 
per  description  in  Senate  report,  1854 : 

Contract  price,  03,930  00 

Setimate  pricey  |64»S.40  00 

G.  W.  MYOATT, 
A.  A.  BIRD. 


r 


MINUTES 

C^  th$  Jamt  Special  Oammittee  of  tJiA  ZBgidcdMre^  appointed  to 
Eaumine  inio  matters  relatvoe  to  the  Wieconein  State  Lunatio 
Aeylum. 

•pie  Special  Committee  of  the  Aseemblj  of  the  State  of  Wiacon* 
Bin,  appointed  to  investigate  aud  examine  all  matters  relatiog  to 
the  Wisconain  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  met  at  the -call  of  Mr.  P.H. 
Smith,  chairman,  on  Monday,  Februarj  12tb,  1856,  at  2  o'clock 
P.M. 

Preeent^Measrp,'  P.  H.  Smith,  Field,  Gobs,  Filer.  Also,  Albert 
0.  Ingham,  clerk  of  the  committee^ . 

The  Tar  ions  resolutions  of  the  Assembly  relative  to  the  commit- 
tee were  the  n  read  as  follows,  viz : 


In  AflBEUBLT,  Thursday,  Feb.  1, 1855. 

*^BA9olv«id,Thttt«  special  committed  of  five  be  appointed  by 
tile  speaker,  ito  investigate  and  report  npon  the  character  of  the 
iKmtract  entered  into  by  the  eominissioticM'S  appointed  under '  an  aot 
to  proride  for  a^9tate  LanatiaAsylnm,^  approved  March  80, 1854, 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor.  And.  the  said  com- 
mittee ia  hereby  fartiier  authorized  and  instructed  to  inquire  into 
tte  manner  in  which  said  eontnict  was  noade;  what  facilities  were 
effered  by  the  edmanissioners  for  bide  for  said  contract  by  any  per^ 
eon  OT  persons ;  whether  the  contract  contemplates  sudi  a  build- 
log  Rfa  was  epecifled  or  intended  by  the  act  that  pr6vides  for  said 
asylum ;  whether  the  contract  prices  at  which  work  was  let  under 
laid^aotityaGt  are  reasonable  and  just;  wliat  will  be  the  probable 
eoit  of  the  erection  and  completion  of  said  asylum  upon  the  plan 


68 

proposed  bj  said  contract  under  the  terms  and  conditions  thereof; 
whether  the  commissioners,  or  any  or  either  of  them,  were  at  the 
time  of  the  execntion  of  said  contract,  in  anywise  legally  disquali- 
fied from  acting  as  such  commissioners ;  and  to  make  such  farther 
examinations  and  investigations  in  regard  to  the  obligations  of  said 
contract,  and  all  things  relating  thereto ;  and  in  regard  to  the  ex- 
tent to  which  the  state  is  liable  and  bound  by  the  same,  as  in  the 
judgment  of  the  committee,  the  nature  of  the  case  may  demand." 


Iv  Assembly,  Friday,  Feb.  2, 1855. 

^  Besolved,  That  the  special  committee  of  five,  appointed  by 
ttie  speaker,  to  examine  into  and  report  upon  the  character  of  the 
Contract  entered  into  between  the  Commissioners  of  the  State  Lu- 
natic Asylum  and  Andrew  Proudfit,  and  the  extent  of  the  liability 
of  this  state  thereon,  be  authorized  to  send  for  persons  and  papers, 
And  that  the  speaker  be  authorised  to  iteue  such  subpoenas  and 
writs  as  may  be  required  by  said  committee  to  enable  said  commit* 
iee  properly  to  conduct  such  examination.'' 


In  Asskubly,  Monday,  Feb.  5, 1855. 

^^  Resolved,  That  the  chairman  of  the  special  committee,  ap- 
pointed to  examine  into  and  report  iipoa<  all  oiattCMrS'  ^ecmnected 
.with  the  Lunatic  Asylum^  be  and  he  i^  heseby  :auth<»ri](ed  to  eA- 
j^loy  a  clerk,  pmd  such  other  asrfstanoe  niooessaiT*  to  carry  onibe 
iDTesttgation  proposed ;  Pnxmd^y  the  etpenees  ahall  noteii^ded 
jfour<ioUarsper*day,'\  j    >    . 

After  som^  general  conversation  and  oposultation,  the  olevk  was 
.directed  to  procure  tbeAttendanee  of  IX  3«  Yittam,  oneof  t^e  oMi- 
missionera  of  the  State  Lunatiia  Asylum,  at  the  ^msA  meeting-  eflbe 
_qom.inittee.  ...,.';,..  r.    '-... -^  •.,-    ,,  -. 

;  ^  The<sl^  and  Hi:;  Qosa  weiiB  djrected  (opi^pciire  a  room  ior  the 
occ^upiationof'tbecoxno^ittee,         *  f    .  •.:-'. 

,1/Ihe  commitite^  thea  a4joume4  tiU  tOi|aox{)(^w  »t  2  o'^odc,?KM- 


M 


«9 


Tuesday,  Feb.  13, 1865. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 

P;refi^nt— !&(r,  P.  H.  Smith,  Ch'B>  and  Messrs.  Bandall,  Fields 
Filer  and  Qoss. 

D.  S.  Yittum  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 
•  'l>r.<3ido.  B.McLane  was  then  called,  sworn  andetanuned.  • 

The  clerk  reported  that  he  had  procured  a  room  of  "WT.  *W.  Wy* 
man,  Esq.,  at  $10  per  week,  which  agreement  was  confirmed  by 
the  committee. 

'^e  dbmmfttefe  then  adjourned  fill  to*morfow  at  3  o'clock  P.  M. 


Wbdnesdat,  Feb.  14, 1866. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment  .  ^ 

,  Present— Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  Oh'n^  and  Messrs.  Eandall,  Fieid^ 
Filer  and  Goss.    Also  Mr.  Gill,  of  the  senate. 

The  chairman  announced  that  by  a  joint  resolution  of  the  legis- 
lature, the  ^on^mittee  of  the  senate,,  appointed  to  investigfito  mjit- 
ters  relatire  to  the  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  had  been  directed  to  act 
jointly  with  this  committee,  which  said  joint  resolution  was  passed 
thia jpqrning.    ,  ,,  ,,  . 

The  chairman  then  vacated  the  chair.      , .     ,    ^       .    ,   ^ 

Mr.  Gill,  of  the  Senate,  moved  that  Judge  Smith  be  chairtnan 
of  the  now  joint  committee. 

Which  was  unanimously  agreed  to. 

'iixyGiH  annpunced  that  by  ^  joint  resolution  of  this  day  the 
committee  were  authorized  to  send  for  an  architect,  to  make  esti* 
matep,  under  their  direction.  ... 

On  tnotidn  of  Mr.  Erandall,  Mr.  Gill  was  aufiiorized  and  re^ 
quested  to  procure  the  attendance  of  Geo.  W.  Mygatt,  Esq.,  of 
Milwaukee,  as  an  architect 

Dr.  Geo. R.  McLane,  was  then  called,  and  reexamined. 


70 

D.  81  Yittam,  was  then  re-called,  and  re-oxamined. 

Dr.  S.  G.  Bagh,  was  then  called,  sworn,  and  examined. 

The  committee  then  adjourned,  till  2  o^clock  P.  M.,  to  morrow. 


TfftyBSDAT,  February  15th,  1856. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjoummont, 

Fresenty  Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  ch'n.  and  Messrs.  Gill,  Adams,  Field, 
Filer  and  Ocas. 

Hr.  Gill  was  excused  from  attendance  to-day. 

A.  A.  Bird  was  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

The  committee  then  ad!joumed  till  to-morrow,  at  2  o*dl«qk, 
P.M. 


Feidat,  February  16th.  1856. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment 

Present,  Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  ch'n,  aud  Messrs.  Adams,  Filer  mA 
Goss. 

0.  H.  Lamor  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

J bhn  D.  Welch  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

James  Livsey  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

Alden  S.  Sanborn  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

The  committee  then  adjourned  till  Tuesday,  ^Februaij  SOIb, 
1855,  at  3  o'clock,  P.M. 


TtTKBDAT,  Febmary20  th,  1855. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 
Present,  Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  ^h'n«  and  Messrs.  GUI,  Hunter,  Ran- 
dall, Field  and  Filer. 
Benj.  Judkins  was  called,  sworn  and  examined. 


71 

Mr.  Howell  moved  ihat  Mr.  Prondfit  be  allowed  to  appear  be- 
fore the  committee,  hj  attorney,  and  take  copies  of  the  teetimo- 
nj  already  recieved. 

The  cbmmittee  then  adjourned  till  to-morrow  at2  o'docki  P.M. 

7.1  ..,./.        1    'TI^Nfi^iUT,  PebrhaiySflsl,  19n( 

The  committee  met  pnrsaant  to  adjonrtmeht; 
'  Present,  Mr.  T.  H.  Sbiifli,  ^tfn,  and  Messrb.  6111,  Adams,  How- 
ell, Bandall,  Field  and  Filer. 

The  question  being  tipbti  Mr.  HowelPs  motion  of  yesterday, 

Mr.  Bandall  inored  to  ftoend  die  motion  so  as  to  allow  M>. 
Prondfit  to  appear  before  the  coiilmittee,  on  Wednesday  next,  tiie 
SSthr  inst.,  with  connsll  and*  witnesses. 

The  amendment  was  accepted,  and  the  motion  as  amended^  was 
adopted. 

■iht  committee  then  a(35ourried  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the  <^air- 


.  If BDiTKSDAY,  February  28,th  1885. 

The  committee  met^allh^i  callbf  the  chairman. 

Present,  Mr.  P.  HJI^mith,  oh\  and  Messrs.  <]lill,  Adams,  Fi- 
ler, Field,  Gobs  and  Randall.  <       '      ' 

Mr.  Prondfit  and  H.  S.  OrWn  appisared.  '  .    .^ 

After  coDStdtfttion  With  Mr.  Prbndtt,  the  committee  adjourned 
till  Friday, Mareh«d;i»5«;ilt 2 Voloek P.M.  ■     • 

FsiDAT,  March  2d,  185S. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 

PreMnJ^Mn;]^.  H.fi^»lll,  ch'n,  Gill,  Adams,  Howell,  Ftter, 
Field,  Randall  and  QoMu! 

Mr.  Prondflk  and  HL  S.  Oftoe,  M^ra  alao  preseivt.   •  ^ 

H.  S.  Orton  was  herd  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Prondfltas  to'the  le^ 
gality  of  the  LudaAid  ABsyfami  oodtoaot  • 
.  The  oomi^ittee  then  adjoaned,  to  m«et  at  th«  call  of  4&^ei^ttir- 
man.  * 


18 


, .    -    .  TiarowDAT,  Jlardi  .6, 1855- 

The  committee  met  at^the  call  of  the  chainnaiL 

Pjeaqnt^  Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  iCli'iiyaiid  Uessrs.  Adams,  Gill,  How* 
ell,  Bandall,  Fields  Filer  and  Gow.  .     / 

Geo.  W.  Hygatt,  was  then  called,  awom  and  examined,  aod 
presented  estimates. 

Edward  BIsIj  was  then  ealled,  sworn  and  examined. 

A.  A.  Bird  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 

The  written  legal  opinions  of  J.  E.  Arnold,  James  H.  Know!*- 
ton,  and  S.  P.  Randies,  as  to  the  legality  of  Mr.  Proudfit's  con* 
tract,  and  introdnced  by  Mr,  Prondfit,  was  then  read. 

Other  legal  authorities  were  also  read  from  the  law  reports.     ^ 

Tbe  committee  then  a^onmed  till  to-morrow  at  2  o'clock,  P.M. 


Wkdnksdat,  March  7, 1855. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjoiumment 

Present,  -Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  Oh'n.,  and  Messrsj,  Gill,  Howell,. 
Adams,  Filer,  Field  and  Goss. 

0.  H.  Lamar  was  then  called,  sworn  and  examined. 
.  Edvrin  Palmer  was  then  (sailed,  swom^and  examined. 

Arthur  Besley  was  then  called,  sworn  sod  ^xatnined. 

The  committee  then  adjourned  till  to-morrow  at  2  o'clock,  P.  M. 


'    ^         •  »  TttWMftUT,  Mardi  8,  l«6lf. 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjoumm«iil 
Present,  Mr.  P.  Q.  Smith,  Gh'a,  abd  Messrs.  Adams,  Field,. 
F41er.aQd  Gps^ 
Qeo.  W.  Mygatt  was  re-cidM  and  re-enfadned. 
-4»dMW  Yial  was  then  called  by  the  commissioners,  awom  alid 
examined. 
The  committee  then  adjourned  till  5  o'clock,  P.  M. 


w 


5  o'oLOox,  p.  M. 
The  con[imittee  met  pui^^ant  to  ai^oummeut 
I^resent^  as  before,  and  also  Messrs.  Howell,  Gill  and  Adams. 
"W,  T.  Bailey  was  called|^vorn  and  examined. 
A.  S.' Sanborn  was  then  sent  for. 
Kr.  Bailey's  testimony  was  handed  to  If r.  Sanborn. 
tr.  T.  Bailey  cross-examined  by  A.  S.  Sanborn. 
The  committee  then  adjourned  till  to-morrow  at  2  o'clock,  P.  M. 


•  Feiday,  if  arch  9, 18561 

^Pi^  committee  met  piuRBaoi  to  i^joiuiimeiik  . 

Present,  !&(>•  P*  H«  Southj,  Gh'Sy^aud  Mesars.  Adams,  Howell^ 
Qill,  Field,  Pileiv  Gossr  and  Sandall. . 

W.  T.  Bailey  was  thefi  re-callad  and  re-exammed,  by  A.  S«  Saib 
bom.         ^   ■ 

C.  G.  Mayers  was  then  called  by  tto  eommiesiciiers,  sworn  aad 
examined. 

L.  J.  Farwell  wbb  then  adled  by  the  comitussioners^  sworn  and 
examined  and  cross-examined. 

Dr*  &  ^.  Bogh  "was '  thetiA.  called  by  the  commissioners,  sworn , 
examined  and'cfoss^xamioell. 

Simeon  Mills  wgs  ^V^  qalled  by  the  commissioners,  sworn  and 
examined.  .  , 

^'  Dr:  Geo.*  R.  McLane  was  t))en  called  on  the  part  of  the  commis- 
sioners, sworn,  examined  and  cross-examined. 

Arthur  Eesley-was  then  jce-called  by  A.  S.  Sanborn,  sworn  and 
cross-examined. 

itr.' Hesleyb  former 'testimony  being  furnished  Mr.  Sanborn. 
''Miessrs.  Adams  and  Fi^ld  were  appointed  a  special  committee 
to' examine*  ttfe  books  of  the  commissioners,  and  report  the  amounts 
audited  ancl  expended,  and  fof  what  services. 

The  committee  then  adjourned  till  to-morrow  at  2  o'clock,  F.  M. 

10 


n 


Satubday,  March  10. 1855. 

t^ .        ,   .'    /  ' 

The  committee  met  parsuai^t  to  adjonrnment 

Present:,  Mr.  P.  H,  Bmitt^,  Gh'n,  and  M^^rs.  Adams,  GilliFi^ld 
and  Filer.    '        '.       '       '  ,  »^     • 

E.  6.  Eyan  appeared  in  beTiatf  of*  Itfr.  Paroudfit,  and  spoke  as 
to  the  legality  of  the  contract  . 

A  communication  was  received  from  the  commissioners,  as  fol- 
lows: 

"Madison,  March  10,  1855, 
Son.  P.  IT.  Smithy  Chairfnanj 

Of  thc;  Joint  Comnvithej  in  the  matter  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum: 

"The  undersigned  comtnlfesiohers  of  the  *  Wisconsin  State 
Lunatib  Asylum^'  hereby  request  ot  the  coihmtttee  of  which  you 
are  chairman,  the  privilege  of  reviewing  the  testimony  taken  by 
h6A  committee,  th^  estlttiate  n^de  by  the  person  or  persons, 
employed  for  that  purpose,  and  that  they  be  allowed  a  reason- 
abto  time  to  istroduoe  bef^^  iaid  citymmiftee,  such  testintioriy, 
as  they  shall  think  proper,  to  answer  or  explain  the  proofs  which 
hare  already  been  taken  attbe  inbtanee  of  said  committee. 
"  Yours  respectfeilly, 

'  ALDEN6.  SANBORlf,' 

D.  8.  ViTTlT]*,     • 
>    -     '        BAM  (5^.  BUGS.*' 

After  consideration  And  ooniultatio?,  the  folio  wing,  answer  iras 
agreed  upon,  and  delivered  to  D.  S.  Vittum : 

'•    '  "Madisok,  March  1^0, 18'55. 

"  Gents .:  Yx>urs  of  to-day  is  received^  ,Three  of  the  cooimittee 
will  meet  yon  at  7  o'clock  this  evening,. at  tl^e  room  of  the  cjom- 
mittee,  at  the  Badger  &otel,  to  have  the  teatin^ony  and  estimatea 
in  regard  to  the  Lunatic  Asylum^  r^ad  by  the  cjerk  of  ^he  cemimit- 


TS 

tee.    On  Monday,  the  12tli  inst;  the  committee  will  meet  at  2 
o'oloek^  P.  ^vft^d  will  then  ^stentq  vxj  evideiu^e  you  in(iy  pffr* 

"Yours,  &c.,  ,,    ^ 

P.  H.  smith; 

Ch'n  Joint  Committee. 
"To  Messrs.  D.  S.  Vittnm,  A.  S.  Sanborn, S.  G.  Bugh,  Oom'rs.'' 

Ea  accordance  therewith,  Messrs.  Adams,  Filer  and  Field,  w^re 
appointed  a  committee  to  meet  tne  coinmiesioners  this  evening  and 
bare  the  testimony  and  estimates  taken  l)y  the  committee^  read  to 
Ibem. 

The  committee 'adjonmed  to  Monday,  March  12th,  at  2  o'clock, 
P.M. 


MoiioAT,  March  12, 1855. 

Die  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 

Present,  Mr.  P.  IT.  Smith,  Oh'n,  and  Messrs.  Adams,  J^i^ld, 
Filer,  Goss  and  Randall. 

Mr.  Adams,  from  the  commitee  appointed  on  Saturday  last,  to 
meet  lihe  commhsioners,  reported  that  the  coinmittee  attended  at 
tiie  place  lind  time  named  to  the  commissioners,  and  waited  until 
0  1*2  o'clock,  P.  M.,  but  that  no  person  appeared  to  meet  them. 

The  commissioners  not  appearing  to  ofBer  any  testimony,  at  4  1*2 
o^clock,  P.  M.,  the  committee  adjourned  till  7  o'clock,  P.  M« 

7  o'clock,  p.  M- 

The  committee  met  pursuant  to  adjournment. 

Present,  Mr.  P.  H.  Smith,  Oh'n,  and  Messrs.  Adams,  Field, 
Filer,  Goss  and  Randall. 

The  subject  of  the  report  of  the  committee  was  taken  up,  and 
a  mutual  conversation  ensued,  when  it  appeared  that  the  yiews 
of  the  members  agreed,  except  as  to  the  legality  of  the  contraot, 
in  which  Mr.  Goss  disagreed  from  the  renuuning  members. 


The  committee  then  adjourned  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the  chair- 
man. 


Thuksdat,  March  15, 1855. 

.  The  committee  met  pursuant  to  the  call  of  the  chairman. 

Present,  Kr.  F.  H.  Smith,  Ch'n,  and  Messrs.  Adams,  Fields 
Filer  and  BandalL 

jSimeon  Mills  was  re-  oalled  and>  erosa-exapained. 

The  committee  then  adjourned  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the  chaiiv 
man. 


March  18, 1855. 

The  comnuttee  met  at  the  call  of  the  chairman. 

Present,  Mr.  P,  H,  Smith,  Ch'n.  and  Messra.  Gill,  Randall, 
Field  and  Filer. 

The  report  of  the  committee,  aa  drawn  up,  was  read  and  nnani? 
mously  agreed  to,  and  signed  by  those  members  of  the  committee 
present,    , 
,  The  committee  then  adjourned. 


"0." 
EVIDENCE. 


i    8B. 


STATE  OP  wisooNsnr, 

DAKB  OOtTNTTj    * 

Samuel  G.  Bn^,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  fiaitli:  that  he  is 
one  of  the  commissioners  of  the  State  Lunatic.  Asjlum,.  and  was 
appointed  about  the  Sd  or  4th  of  April  last.  The  proposals  f^v 
building  the  asylum  signed  by  Lamar  &,  Besley,  was  handled  ip 
witness  on  the  day  prior  to  the  opening  of  the  proposals.  ,The  oth- 
er proposal  signed  by  A.  Proudfit,  was  handed  to  the  Board  by 
Dr.  HcLane  on  the  morning  ot  the  day  of  opening,  as.  wit^e,^ 
thinks.  The  bid  of  Lama^  &  Besley  was  thought  by  some  of  tfaye 
Board  to  be  informal  from  want  of  precision,  bi^t  was  nevertheless 
considered,  and  was  judged  to  be  the  highest  of  the  two  bids  re- 
ceived. The  commissioners  did  not  regard  the  prices  of  Mr. 
iProudfit's  bid  as  unreasonable.  Cannot  stale  positively  when  the 
plans  and  spebifications  were  received.  They  were  open  at  all 
times  to  public  inspection  after  they  were  received.  The  estimate 
as  given  in  the  report  is  the  only  one  made,  and  the  commission- 
crs  have  had  no  reason  to  change  their  minds  in  regard  to  Its  .cm;- 
fectness — knows  nothing  of  the  "Worcester  plan.  .The. bid  of  Mr. 
'Pfondfit's  Wds  accepted  as  being  the  lo\jrest  of  the  two  received. 
*^o  matron  or  other  officer,^ha8  been  appointed  for  the,  asyljim. 
'\         .     .    '   /  '    .    SAM'L.  G.  BtJGH.'!, 

Sworn  arid  subscribed  before  me  this,  14th  IFeb.  1855. 
P.'H.  Smith,  (5h'n.  special  co(m.    .  :    J»  •ii 


7S 


STATE  OF  WISCOKSIN,     ) 

DANE  COUNTY,  J 

Geo.  E.  McLane  being  duly  s^orn  on  oath,  saitb  :  thsit  he  la 
the  Superintendent  of  the  State  Lunatic  As}  lam,  and  was  ap- 
pointed the  4th  of  April,  185i^,  or  thereabouts,  under  and  bj  virtue 
of  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  March,  1854.  The  first  pub- 
lication was  notice  for  proposals  for  site,  published  under  the  advi- 
sal  of  the  superintendent,  April  14,  1854,  for  five  weeks.  The 
second  publication  was  a  notice  for  proposals  for  building  said 
asylum,  which  was  published  in  six  newspapers  .  for  six  weeks 
successively  prior  to  Nov.  1st,  1854.  The  plans  and  specifications 
for  the  building  was  prepared  and  open  to  inspection  about  the 
firiBt  of  Sept.  1854,  and  were  open  for  inspection  at  all  times  there- 
after, until  the  letting  of  the  contract.  They  were  kept  at  the 
Governoi-'s  room  first,  and  afterwards  at  the  consultation  room  of 
ibiQ  Supreme  Court.  The  longitudinal  wings  are  each  about  130 
feet  in  length,  including  the  transverse  towers.  Two  proposals 
were  received,  one  from  Mr.  Pfoudfit,  at  least  a  day  and  a  balf 
before  the  opening  of  the  proposals,  which  was  the  first  of  Novem- 
ber, 1854.  The  opening  of  the  proposals  was  postponed  on  account 
of  the  illness  of  Mr.  Vittum,  one  of  the  commissioners.  The  oth- 
erproposttl,  signed  by  Lamar  &  Kesley,  was  received  too  late  for 
reception,  though  it  was  laid  before  the  commissioners,  the  super- 
intendent remarkitig  that  he  doubted  its  formality ;  thinks  it  was 
received  after  the  first  November,  1854.  The  proposal  of  Mr. 
Proud  Bt  was  opened  in  the  at'ternoon  of  the  Ist  Nov.,  as  was  also 
t!he  other.  Mr.  Proudfit's  proposal  was  ;'eceived  after  the  20th 
Oct.,  1854.  Witness  examined  both  Worcester  and  Taunton  asy- 
lums, t)ut  found  them  both  insufficient  to  meet  our  purposes,  aud 
Jletermined  not  to  take  either  as  a  model  tor  one,  both  in  referenoe 
to  cut  and  arrangement.  Upon  consideration,  witness  adopted 
the  plan  as  recommended,  and  decided  upon  by  the  Board  of  Su- 
perintendents of  Insane  Asylums  of  the  XT.  S«  and  now,adoptedj 
and  in  course  of  erection  by  the  TTnited  States  for  the  Hospital 
Insane  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  the 


Odneral  Government,  as  also  by  some  ten  or  eleven  other  instita- 
tions  tn  tile  IT.  6.,  the  plan  being  varied  to  Bait  the  means  and  ne- 
ceesitiee  of  this  state.  Yhis  plan  was  reported  to  tlie  commission- 
ers and  by  them  adopted.  The  form  of  the  Worcester  Asylum  is 
different  from  the'i)l'an  adopted,  but  the  treatment  is  similar.  No 
matron  or  any  other  officer  of  the  institution  has  been  appoiuted, 

nor  any  constiltlng  phy siciah.' 

.  .  '  '    GfEO/n.  McLAKE. 

Strom  Mdenb^cribdd  tbiS) tSthday  of  7eb.,  A.  D.^  18S5. 

P.  H.  SMrm,Nottffy  Public.' 

Examination  of  Geo.  R.  McLanef  resumed,  Thursday,  14th 
rebriiary,  1855.  Witness  cori'ects  his  statement  made  yesterday 
m  relatibn  to  the  pro]f)08al  6t  Lamar  &  Resley,  as  follows  :*  The 
proposal  was 'handed  to  witness  bj:  Dr.  S.,G.  Bugh,  one  of  the 
commi8sioners,^wh6'  informed  witness  that  it  had  been  handed  to 
him,  Br.  Bugh;  sohie  days  before.  It  was  handed  to  fitness  about 
midday  on  the'16t  Nov.,  1854.- "  The  Specifications  and  plans  were 
inliadison  about  the  15th  of  Sept.  1854,  and  the  drawings  were 
teceWed  about  two  ^eets  thereafter.  The  plans  and  specifica- 
tions were  in  Madison  and  open  f6r  inspection  as  early  as  the  16th 
Sept  1854.  The  front  of  the  main  •building  is  not  intended  to  be 
cut  stone.  The  original  proposals  of  Proudfit,  and  Besley  &  La- 
mar, are  now  in  the  office  of  the  comn^ssioQQrs*  Tho)  plom  and 
specifications  were  made  by  Sloah  &  Stewart,  of  PJrilltdelphia, 
Architects,  and  were,  ordered  b^  ^^tpess.  .  Tha  cost  was  $300; 

Subscribed  OTd  pwori^  to  bqfoi[e  mej,  this  14tk  day  .of  Feb. 
A.  D.,  1855.  ',  ..  .'. ,     ,:•    .       '•..••:.'.! 

P,  Ht  Smtth^  N<>tary  Public,  ^    .  ! 


OTAtEOFiJc^isooNsm,)^  _  ;/ 

'•'Dikb'Cototy.'-'     •'   f    '     "■   '    "   ■   ' 
A.  "A.  B?rd  being  ^nly  sworn-  on  oath,  sayff  that  he  is  acqainted 
ititH  buiiding  ttone  buildinjgif,  andftas  erected  rariouB  large  buiM- 
ings,  among  which  are  the  Dane  county  Jail,  Dane  county  Fire- 


80 

proof  Office  Bailding,  University  Building  and  Railroad  Depot, 
all  of  cat  stone  :  has  seen  the  notioe  of  tho  i^omnup^ion^ns  .of  .tkf 
Lunatic  Asylum  j^or  proposals  for  baUdiDg  Afiyl^m^ .  aD4  applied 
to  Dr  Bugh,  one  of  the  commissionierB,  for  an  examipatioi;  of  the 
plans. and  specifications  some  three  or  fonr  times^  but  was  infornor 
ed  that  they  had  not  arrived.  The  last  time  was  about  the  36tfi 
of  October,  when  Ctr.  Bugh  informed  bin^  that  .the  speituQcations 
bad  arrived,  but  not  the  plans.  All  ot  these  calls  were  witim 
two  weeks  precediqg  the  letting  of  the  contract.  Witness  called 
upon  Pr.  B^gh^  inasmaoh. as  he  was  bettor  acqaaintodwUifarllim 
than  with  Dr.  McLane,  upon  whom  hei  dii  not  call.  The  object 
of  witness  in  calling  for  the  planp.  and  specifications,  was  for.  the 
purposo  of  enabling  him  to  n^ake  a  proposal  Cor  buildiog  the  Asj- 
lum ;  but  not  being  able  to  see  them  he  made  no  pr9pasal.,  A 
fair  price  for  e^cavati(»i  and  levelling  would  be  1 6c.;  for  rock 
excavation  70c.  per  cubic  yard.  The  l^l^t  time  bnt.one  when  wit- 
ness called,  was  about  the  6th  of  October,  when  Dr.:  Bugh  ifiform- 
ed  witness  that  neither  plans  nor  specifications  were  ia  Ha^i^D* 

A.  A.  BIRD. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  before  me,  this  15th  of  Febroaiyi.  1855. 
P.  H.  Smith,  Ch'n  Special  Qommittiee.  / 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIIT. )  „ 

;     Durs  ConKTTJ.        ■  .     ^  ^'  . 

Alden  S.  Sanborn  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  says  that  he  is  one 
of  the  commissioners  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum :  was  appointed 
about  the  Ist  of  July  1854.  Thinks  Dr  McLane  returned  fremi  the 
East  from  the  15th  to  the  20th  September,  and  brought  with  him 
the  elevation  plan.  It  might  be  still  later,  however*  Dr.  Mc- 
Lane brought  with  him  at  this  time  some  other  smaller  drawings, 
and  a  book  of  printed  specifications,  b^ng,  th^  jQujsial  of.  insani- 
ty, with  Dr.  Eirkbride's  lecture,  ^ejscribing  .t^q.oonstruetion  of 
Buch  institution^, ,.  TJbiokai.tbQ  |^gja,plan3j„bei^g  thfl  opes/pcj^ted 
'npiu  the  o%e^.c%mQAlj9ut,tl(i^,^pttQf;Oct<3fbje^  fowiWynfwft  or 


81 

&ree  days  earlier,  and  perhaps  a  dBj  later— «but  witoaif 
thinks  not  to  exceed  one  dsj  later.  The  proposal  of  Lamar 
&  Besley  was  informal  tbroogh  indefiuitonees;  bat  was  luH 
rejected  o.n  that  account  Mr.  Proudfit's  was  accepted  as  being 
the  lowest — both  being  considered.  The  proposals  were  opened 
November  Ist,  at, about  11  o'clock  at  night  The  printed  speoifir 
cations  brought  bj  Dr.  McLane,  were  not  for  this  building  ape^ 
oiallj.  Those  adopted  by  the  board  ot  commissioners  rnrim 
somewhat  from  those  contained  in  the  pamphlet  Journal  of  Jnr 
sanity.  Tbioks  the  plans  and  specifications  procured  from  SkMi^ 
&  Stewart,  with  the  exception  of  tliose  brought  back  by  Dr.  Msr 
Lane,  were  not  ordered  mntil  after  Dr.  McLane's  return  from  the 
East  Witness  has  had  no  reason  to  ^change  his  mind  in  regard 
to  the  cost  of  the  Asylum  from  the  opinions  expressed  in  the  re* 
port  The  understanding  of  that  portion  of  the  contract  relating 
to  the  longitudinal  and  transverse  wings,  is  that  |4995  is  to  cover 
both,  and  this  understanding  was  shared  with  Mr.  Proudfit  at  the 
time  of  making  the  contract  Witness  cannot  state  the  precis^ 
time  when  the  plans  and  specifications  were  adopted  by  the  conn 
missioners.  The  bid  of  Mr.  Proudfit  was  accepted,  because  the 
commissioners  thought  themselves  bound  to  accept  the  lowest  bid 
— some  of  the  items  were  thought  high  and  some  low.  Compared 
with  other  contracts  with  the  state,  witness  thinks  this  contract 
is  not  high.  Witness  was  much  absent  from  the  capital  from  the 
98d  September  to  the  23d  October,  and  the  plans  and  epecifioa- 
tiens  might  have  arrived,  and  witness  been  ignorant  of  it  Thinki 
he  left  Appleton  on  the  20th  September,  and  arrived  here  the  SSdf 
September,  since  which  time  he*  has  been  here  constantly  in  at^ 
tendance.  Mr.Vittum  wrote  that  portion  of  the  report  giWng  thrf 
estimates  as  to  cost ;  and*the  architect  to  whom  he  alludes  is  not 
recollected  by  witness.  Witness  thinks  the  estimate  was  made 
by  an  architect ;  he  further  bases  his  own  opmion  on  the  testf- 
mony  of  medical  men  as  to  the  cost  of  other  institutions.  Wittiefli 
has  since  his  appointment  been  almost  constantly  employed  for 
the  Asylum.    Ko  acting  commissioner  to  discharge  the  duties 

-11    .  ' 


8S 

Imb  been  appointed.  Witness  was  not  in  Madison  at  the  time  of 
the  postponment  of  the  letting.  The  coostrnction  of  witness  of 
the  notice  of  postponement,  was,  that  no  proposals  would  be  re- 
Heived  nntil  the  2Uth  October,  on  the  ground  that  the  plans  might 
not  be  here  before  that  time.  Witness  thinks  (150,000  will  co^er 
entire  Asylum's  cost,  except  the  heating  building,  which  will  coet 
from  $3,000  to  $15,000,  but  is  not  under  contract  Another  rea- 
eon,  I  think,  for  the  ]iOstponement  of  the  letting,  was  Mr.Yittnm's 
illness.  The  plans  and  specificatious  were  always  open  to  inspeo- 
Ifen  after  their  arrival ;  the  precise  time  of  their  arrival  witneaa 
does  not  recollect 

ALDEN  8.  SANBORN. 
Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  16th  February,  1855. 
!P.  H.  SioTH,  Oh'n  Special  Committee. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, ) 
DAKB  oouirrT,  I 


p.  8.  Yittum,  being  dnly  affirmed,  saith :  that  he  is  one  of  the 
eommissi^^ners  of  the  State  Lunatic  Asylun^  and  was  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  1864.  The  notice  for  proposals  to  build  asylum 
waa  published  in  six  or  eight  papers;  in  the  ^'Wisconsin/'  the 
^^Dexnocrat  &  Argus,"  the  ^'Osbkosh  Cpurier,"  the  ^^Menasha  Ad* 
Tff^te)"  the  <'Sauk  Co.  Standard,"  and  others.  The  plans  and 
Ij^ifiiCations  were  prepared  after  the  first  notice  for  proposals^ 
cipn^t  state  the  time.  The  specifications^  as  published  in  the 
^«cial' report  of  the  commissioners,  he  thinks  are  the  same  as  the 
original  specificationB.  He  was  in  Hadison  in  August  and  the 
first  of  September,  but  being  sick,  the  openiug  of  the  propoeala 
iTM  poi9tpo^ed.  The  plans  and  speoifiqationa  were  open  for  puj^ 
He  ef apaination  fi>r  several  days  at  the  office  of  the  Asylum, 
^ie  were  hot  two  proposals  received.  Cannot  state  the  tim* 
ikpj  were  received,  as  they  were  handed  to  the  Secretary,  Dr.  Q. 
B.  McLane,    The  bids  were  opened,  as  he  was  infoimed,  en  the 


r 


8i) 

Iftt  df  JLpril,  1854,  bat  he  was  not  present.    The  antiezedid  a  copy^ 
tAf  thcf  notice  pnbh'fihed  in  the  aforesaid  papers^ 

^^JToticeto  Contractors. 

'*  Sealed  propoaalsi  to  be  opened  on  the  20th  day  of  October 
Bextybj  the  nndersigned,  will  be  receiredfor  furnkbing  materials 
•ad  deiog  the  work  lor  the  erection,  in  the  yieinitj  of  Madison,  of 
the  8tata  Lnnatic  Asylnm  bnildiag,  or  saoh  portion  thereof  as  tii0 
Goremor  and  Commissioners  maj  de^tn  it  advisable  to  have  erect- 
ed. The  stone  work  and  materials,  the  plastering  and  materials, 
and  the  jotaerb  work  and  materials,  maj  be  bid  for  separately  or 
jointly,  at  the  option  of  the  bidder. 

^'The  plans  and  specifications  will  be  exhibited  by  Dr.  G.  B. 
ICcLane,  Superintendent  of  said  Asylum,  on  and  after  the  20ih 
day  of  September  next,  in  the  Tillage  of  Madison,  and  nntil  the 
opening  of  said  proposals*  ^ 

S.  Gf.  BUGH, 
D.  &  VIITDM, 
A.  8.  SASTBOSN, 
OoomsissionerB  of  State  Lunatic  Asylum. 
DaUd  Attgnsi  9di,  1854." 

^^The  opening  of  said  proposals  will  be  postponed  nntil  the  firftt 
day  of  Korember,  and  the  reception  of  the  tame  nntil  the  twen- 
tieth day  of  October  next. 

Madison,  September  SOth,  1854." 

D.  s.  vrrruM. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me  this  18th  day  of  Feb.  A.  D. 
1865. 
P.  H.  Smtth,  Oh'n.  special  com. 

S.  S.  Tittnm's  examination  resumed,  February  14th,  1855. 

The  rustic  groins  mean  cut  stone  at  the  comer  of  the  building.- 
JSo  out  stone  is  intended  to  be  used  that  is  not  named  in  the  sped- 
fieatioBS.    Witoees  was  in  Madison  on  the  2d  day  of  Kovember, 
1854,  bat  was  not  here  on  the  first  day  of  Kovember,  1854.    The 
cmtraet  was  awarded  a  day  or  two  before  it  was  executed.    Wit* 


64 

1168S  doo8  not  know  wben  Lamar  &  Bealey's  proposal  was  r80«ired>. 
The  joiner  work,  upon  both  a  loogitadinal  and  a  transverae  win^ 
is  incladed  in  tho  Bum  of  $4995,  which  pays  for  both  taken  togeth- 
er, and  the  same  constmctioti  applies  to  the  painting.  The  plana, 
epecifications  and  drawings  were  open  to  inspection  from  the  20tii 
cf  October  to  the  let  of  November,  at  least.  The  nnderatEnding 
of  the  postponement  was  that  the  reception  of  proposals  wonid  h% 
postponed  until  after  the  20th  October,  and  that  they  would  ha 
deceived  from  that  time  to  November  Ist 

D.  8.  virnnt 

Affirmed  and  subscribed  before  me  this  S4th  Febmarj^  18(S.  - 
P.  H.  Smith,  Notary  PubUc,  Wis. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,  ) 

nAMMOOVVTYy  )      ' 

C  H.  Lamar,  being  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  saith:  that  he 
resides  at  Oratoit's  Grove,  Lafayette  coanty,  and  is  a  railroad  con- 
tractor  by  profession ;  .that  he  made  a  im>posal  for  the  contract  for 
building  the  Lunatic  Asylnm,  being  in  Madison  at  the  time;  that 
he  handed  his  proposal  to  the  commissioners  on  the  3 Ist  day  of 
October  last,  and  left;  Madison  on  the  same  or  the  next  day»  Mr. 
Besley's  name  was  signed  to  the  proposal  by  witness,  by  an  under* 
standing  with  Mr.  Besley.  Saw  the  plans  and  specificatLona  on 
the  27th  day  of  October,  at  the  Sapreme  Oourt  consultation  room. 
Some  of  the  papers  were  pasted  up  on  the  walls,  and  some  lying 
on  the  table.  Was  here  between  the  time  of  the  notice  for  pro- 
posals and  the  27th  October.  Was  not  here  when  the  propoaala 
were  opened.  None  of  the  commissioners  ever  made  any  proposi- 
tion to  witness  with  regard  to  allowing  the  commissioners  an  inter- 
est in  the  proposal  made,  or  to  be  made  by  witness.  Bid  not  see 
{he  plans  nor  specifications  prior  to  the  27th  October ;  was  told  on 
^rmer  visits  that  they  had  not  been  received.  The  proposals  were 
in  the  usual  form  for  public  works ;  has  heard  it  said  that  the  pro* 
posal  was  informal,  and  consequently  asked  Dr.  McLane  with  ra« 


r 


8S 

gard  to  il^  who  to]d  witneea  that  it  was  not  infornial.  From  the 
reading  of  the  notice  of  postponement  witness  thought  no  propo^ 
iaU  oonid  be  received  after  the  20th  Oeiober. 

0.  H.  LAMAR 
Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me  this  16th  daj  Februar/,  1855. 
P.  H.  Smith,  Gh'n.  special  com. 


edited  hf  the  Oommi$don0t4. 

March  9,  1855. 

•TATB  OF  WISCONSIN,) 
Dave  County,  J 

D.  S.  Tittam,  being  recalbd  and  sworn,  deposes,  and  says : — 
I  consnlted  Mr.  Boy  den,  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  some,  in  relation  to 
the  building  in  general;  also,  Mr.  Brown,  of  Baltimore,  Md.  I 
eonsnlted  also,  Mr.  Newson,  of  Baraboo,  an  English  stone  masoQ 
by  trade.  I  have  frequently  had  an  estimate  from  Mr.  Newson^ 
so  far  as  the  stone  work  was  concerned.  Mr.  Newson  came  and 
looked  at  the  plans  and  specifications,  and  made  an  estimate  of  the 
atone  work.  He  made  no  detailed  estimate.  He  made  one  im- 
mediately after  the  contract  was  made.  I  dont  recollect  what  his 
estimate  was.  All  I  relied  upon  by  Mr.  Newson,  was  his  esti- 
mate of  the  stone  work.  I  consnlted  him  for  my  own  satisfaction. 
The  amount  of  iron  would  have  to  be  a  guess.  Several  estimate* 
were  made  in  regard  to  the  lumber.  I  hardly  think  the  commia- 
tioners  employed  any  architect  to  make  an  estimate  of  the  work, 
since  the  contract  was  let.  Mr.  Boydon  and  Mr.  Brown  have  not 
been  here  that  I  am  aware  of.  I  do  n'^t  think  the  the  commission^ 
era  hare  employed  any  architect  to  make  an  estimate  of  the  build* 
ings  to  be  completed  in  the  jear  1855.  From  about  the  20tb,  to 
the  last  of  October,  1854,  I  was  at  Madison  most  of  the  time. 
I  dont  thinl  I  ever  told  Mr.  Prondfir,  or  any  other  person  the  man* 
ftor  in  which  bids  were  to  be  made,  or  prc^osals  received  for  tht 


9« 

)l^tK>r  .wd  matorUU  for  the  ereetion  o{  the  Lmiatio  ABjJaip.  I 
Q^ver  heuri  any  oouTeraittioii  betw^^n  l£r.  Prondfit  an4  Um  copi- 
miaBionere,  or  betweefi  him  and  the  Governor,  in  relation  tx>  tl^ 
inaiineF  in  "which  tke  bids  or  proposals  were  to  be  made.  I  never 
had  any  conversatioDi  I  think,  with  Mr.  Proudfit  aboat  this  con- 
tract, nntil  the  day  the  bid  was  opened.  Mr.  Proudfit  naveir  told 
me  that  if  I  wonld  get  him  the  contract,  or  assist  him  to  get  it,  he 
would  give  me  an  interest  in  it,  or  anything  to  that  effect  He 
never  offered  to  give  me  an  interest  in  the  contract,  and  never 
made  me  any  propositions  about  the  contract,  either  before  or  af- 
ter it  was  let  I  never  told  aiiy  parsom  that  Mr.  Proudfit  had 
made^me  pach  an  offer.  I  think  all  the  drawings,  except  the  heat- 
ing  apparatus  were  here  by  about  the  20th  of  October  1854. 
What  I  mean  in  stating  that  Mr.  Newson  made  any  estiumtes,  is, 
that  I  frequently  talked  with  him  on  the  subject,  and  he  gave  me 
liiB  opinion  of  the  expense.  I  have  not  seen  Mr.  Boyden  or  Mr, 
Brown  since  the  letting  of  the  contract. 

D.  s.  vrrruM. 

Subscribea  and  sworn  before  me  tliis9tli  day  of  Match,  1855. 
P.  H.  SmiH,  Ch'n.  special  committee. 


STATE  OF  WIBOOKSIN, ) 
Da»b  Couktt,  I 

W.  T.  Bailey,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes,  and  says :  I  reside  in 
Ifllwankee.  I  am  acquainted  with  Sanborn  one  of  the  commie* 
aioners  and  have  been  about  eight  years.  I  am  a  mason  by  trade^ 
and  have  been  engaged  in  that  business  for  about  24  years.  Mr. 
Sanborn,  some  time  in  the  month  of  August,  spoke  to  me,  and  rec^ 
oommended  that  I  should  put  in  a  bid  for  the  State  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum. This  was  at  Milwaukee.  He,  Sanborn,  called  on  me  at  iny  * 
house  in  Milwaukee*  He,  Sanborn,  staid  at  my  house  two  or 
three  days,  and  told  me  to  come  up  and  put  in  a  bid  for  the  job 
^f  building  the  Lunatic;  Asylum,  and  that  he  would  use  his  infli^ 


ence  to  get  me  the  job.  I  got  the  impression  from  wbat  wae  eiudj 
that  I  sbomld  hare  the  job,  an<^  that  he  would  like  to  make  eoat* 
thing  out  of  it  He  eaid  that  if  I  would  put  in  a  bid  he  woald 
use  his  inflaence  with  the  other  oommia0ioDer8  to  get  me  the  job^ 
and  that  he  would  go  for  me  in  any  event  He»  Sanb<Nmi  gare 
me  the  first  intimation  I  had  with  reference  to  the  building  of  tha 
Lunatic  Asylum.  On  the  30th  of  October,  I  came  to  Madiseft, 
and  on  the  morning  of  the  8Ut,  1  found  Mr.  Sanborn,  abd  witib 
him  went  to  the  basement  of  the  capitol,  and  there  saw  the  tiMk 
elavation  of  the  asylum,  md ffpecifioations^  whieh  were  afterward^ 
and  dariDg  the  sama  day,  removed  to  the  north-west  nxm  in  tlMS 
basement  Did  not  see  the  ground,  or  any  other  plan  akthe  tlnla^ 
except  the  elevation  plan  referred  to. 

Afterwards,  daring  the  same  day,  I  saw  Br.  Bagh  and  Sanbera 
together,  and  asked  them  whether  the  whole  of  the  building,  ao- 
eilrding  to  the  elevation  plan,  was  to  be  built  or  a  part  Of'  it  o^Iy, 
lind  they  told  me  they  had  not  decided ;  they  Wished  to  wait  tmtit 
another  commiMioner  oame.  I  then  asked  them  how  the  jc/b  %ai/ 
tei  be  bid  for,  whether  by  the  gross  sum,  o^  so  much  per  fbot  or 
yard,  or  how  t&e  proposals  should  be  put  in ;  and  could  get  from 
Aem  no  satistactory  reply.  I  think  Mr.  Sanborn  told  me  at  the 
time  that  the  plans  for  the  building  had  not  all  arrived.  I  then 
Mid  to  Sanborn,  ^  There  is  no  use  of  my  staying  here,  I  shall  not* 
get  the  job,"  and  he  replied  by  saying,  "  You  know  how  state  |6bl^ 
always  go;"  and  Mr.  Sanborn  then  said  there  was  one  bid  in,  and' 
tihat  it  would  be  declared  off  the  next  day.  I  asked  Mr.  Banbom 
to  see  the  plans  of  the  Asylum,  and  the  only  plan  showed  me  Wat 
Ai6  front  elevsftion  plan,  and  I  understood  him  to  say  that  thef 
working,  drawing,  and  other  plans  had  not  yet  arrived. 

W.T.  BAILEY.    ' 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me  this  8th  day  of  March,  A.  D. 
1865. 

P.  H.  Smith,  Ch'n  joint  special  com. 

W.  T.  Bailey,  croas  examined  by  A.  S.  Sanborn :  ThinksSanWa 


88 

firfllDftBied  the  matter  of  bidding  for  tlie  Asylum  to  witness;  can- 
Mt  tell  atwbftt  time  exactly  Banborn  called  on  me  in  Milwaukee; 
Minet  state  wbat  were  the  words  used  by  Sanborn  when  I  got  the 
iifipression  that  he,  Sanborn,  wished  an  interest  in  the  job;  noth- 
ing was  said  about  the  price  for  doing  the  work;  think  there  was 
an  intimation  that  Sanborn  wished  to  hare  one  take  the  job,  in  or^ 
dar  ibat  he  might  make  something  out  of  it  Did  not  understand 
Ibat  if  there  was  a  bid  lower  than*mine,  Sanborn  should  nse  hia 
ittfln^nee  in  my  favor.  Think  there  was  no  talk  about  bids  what* 
•ven  My  intention  was  to  put  in  a  bid  flx>m  the  best  of  my  jodg^ 
awnt,  and  from  that  I  inferred  that  I  was  to  hare  Mr.  Sanbom'a 
aid  in  {MXMmring  the  contract  I  did  not  expect  the  job  in  caaa 
there  was  a  responsible  bid,  lower  than*  mine.  If  there  was  an  ir- 
i)9sp#i»sible  b'd  lower,  I  should  have  expected  the  job.  I  do  cot 
ssmember  having  any  letter  from  Mr.  Sanborn,  saying  that  tba 
job  could  be  let  to  the  lowest  bidder.  I  was  delayed  in  coming  ta 
ICadison  to  make  a  bid,  because  I  had  a  job  then  on  hand.  I 
^ok  the  front  elevation  was  at  the  capitol,  but  have  no  recolleo- 
tion  of  any  other  plan  being  there.  I  think  I  did  not  at  any  tinna 
i^  anything  besides  the  front  elevation.  I  think  I  saw  a  notioe 
to  Qoatractors,  prescribing  the  20th  October,  as  the  time  limited  for 
the  xeception  of  bids.  Never  saw  any  other  notice.  Think  Mr. 
Sanborn  wrote  me  that  the  plans  had  not  oome  on,  and  hence  the 
contract  would  not  then  be  let,  meaning  the  20th  October.  I 
^d,  when  I  was  at  Madison,  ^^  that  there  was  no  use  of  my  stay- 
ing, because  I  sboul4  not  get  the  job,"  because  I  got  the  impret- 
fiion  that  there  was  some  one  picked  out  to  have  the  job.  I  think 
1  asked  Mr.  Sanborn  who  it  was  that  was  picked  out  to  have  the 
job,  and  think  his,  Mr.  Sanborn's,  answer  was  that  there  was  na 
one  picked  out  Think  I  recollected  Mr.  Sanborn's  saying,  '^Yoa 
know,  how  state  jobs  go."  Do  not  remember  any  other  remark  ia 
connection  with  that  reply  of  Mr.  Sanborn.  Did  not  infer  from 
the  remark  that  the  work  was  to  go  to  the  lowest  bidder,  but  I  in- 
ferred that  there  was  some  favorite  one;  not  positive  that  it  was 
Jfi.  Banborn  that  said  there  was  a  bid  in--it  might  have  been  the 
ethev  commissioner.   On  reflection  I  think  it  waa  Mr.  Sanborn  ^ 


80  n 

did  make  the  remark,  and  am  strengthened  in  this,  becange  I  had 
but  little  talk  with  the  other  commissioners.  Had  no  talk  with  Dr. 
Bagh,  that  Iremember,  other  th^n  is  stated  in  mj  testimony  in  di- 
rect examination.  I  am  not  positive  where  the  conversation  with 
Mr.  Sanborn  was  had,  but  think  it  occurred  between  the  IT.  8.  Ho- 
tel and  the  Capital  House.  Mr.  Sanborn  went  with  me  to  see  the 
plans,  at  my  request.  I  think  I  received  a  letter  Irom  Mr.  Sanborn 
<m  the  Thursday  before  the  30tb  October,  or  on  the  Thursday  bo- 
tore  that,  in  relation  to  some  business  of  Mr.  Sanborn^  and  also 
in  relation  to  the  examination  of  the  plans.  I  think  in  Milwaukee 
I  said  to  Mr.  Sanborn  like  this:  ^Sanborn,  if  you  will  do  some- 
diingfor  me  in  that  job,''  meaning  the  Lunatic  Asylum  contract^ 
**you  shall  not  lose  anything  by  ifj"  to  which  Mr.  Sanborn  replied, 
«<that  he  should  like  to  make  $1000  out  of  it"  Mr.  Sanborn  did 
not,  I  think,  aek  me  to  take  the  job  in  order  that  he  might  make 
something  out  of  it,  and  I  do  not  remember  that  he  intimated  any 
such  thing.  I  do  not  think  there  was  any  talk  about  the  lowest 
bid.  I  did  not  get  the  impression  that  any  one  but  the  lowest  re- 
sponsible bidder  would  get  the  contract* 

W- T.BAILEY. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  8th  day  of  March,  A.  D. 
1865. 

P.  H.  SioTH,  Ch'n  special  com. 

W.  T.  Biiley'a  cross  examination  resumed,  March  9th.  1855. 

Think  I  arrived  in  Madison  on  the  30ch  Oct.,  and  remained  nn* 
til  the  afternoon  of  the  next  day.  Oame  in  the  morning  train  of 
ears  on  the  80th.  It  was  the  afternoon  of  the  80th,  that  I  found 
Mr.  Sanborn  first,  but  think  I  saw  the  plans  first,  on  the  morning 
sf  the  81st  Oct 

Q.  Have  you  ever  complained  of  any  unfairness  shown  toward 
jon  as  a  bidder! 

A.  I  think  I  have,  cannot  teU'to  whom  first,  cannot  recolleol 
suJung  any  complaint  to  any  one  in  Madison.  I  complained  to 
Jfohn  Ryeeraft,  in  Milwaukee^  This  was  a  week  or  two  after  I 
was  ia  Madison.    I  think  fha  day  I  started  for  Madison,  after  be^ 


M 

i^gflubpcdnaad,  that  Byecraft  told  me  that  he  had  intimated  to 
tome  one  in  Madison,  that  I  was  an  important  witnest.  Did  not 
know  that  he  was  going  to  write  or  give  the  information,  before  the 
day  I  started  for  Uadison.  I  have  had  some  little  connection  with 
Byecraft  in  business,  bat  not  as  a  partner.  Cannot  say  how  loi^ 
Mr/ Sanborn  staid  at  my  house  in  Milwaukee,  am  not  positive  aa 
to  his  staying  more  than  one  night.  I  have  a  very  little  prejudioe 
against  Mr.  Sanborn,  mainly  growing  out  of  this  Lunatic  Asylom 
affidr.  I  have  had  hard  feelings  against  him  before,  but  think 
they  have  not  influenced  me  in  this  matter.  It  was  three  or  four 
years  ago  that  I  had  this  feeling.  My  prejudice  is  not  occasioned 
more  by  the  old  matter  than  by  the  present  cause.  I  felt  it  mora 
than  at  the  time,  bat  it  has  blown  over  now.  The  prejudice  on 
the  old  ground  is  entirely  gone.  Do  not  remember  saying  at  th» 
time  of  this  first  hard  feeling,  that  I  would  remember  the  matter 
against  Mr.  Sanborn,  but  might  have  said  so.  I  thought  at  the 
time  I  should  make  evil  return  for  the  evil  I  thought  done.  Do 
not  remember  that  it  was  Dr.  Bugh  who  was  present  at  the  Gapitol 
when  I  saw  the  ground  plan,  nor  Dr.  McLane,  nor  Mr.  Yittum. 
They  woto  all  strangers  to  me.  Do  not  remember  stating  that  I 
should  notmake  abid,  as  it  wastoolarge  a  job,  though  I  might  have 
done  so.  Do  not  remember  saying  that  the  reason  I  made  no  hid 
was  because  I  had  not  time.  I  have  so  stated  since  I  have  been 
in  Madison  this  time.  At  the  time  I  saw  the  plan,  I  have  no  re- 
collection that  Dr.  Bagh,  Dr.  McLane  or  Mr.  Yittum  was  present, 
net  knowing  them.  I  have  no  ill  feeling  against  Mr.  Sanborn  now 
to  do  him  any  ham  whatever,  and  did  not  seek  to  come  to  Madi- 
son as  a  witness,  what  I  said  about  the  matter  of  the  asylum,  I 
s&pposed  I  said  to  friends  and  had  no  idea  of  having  it  repeated. 
I  went  with  Mr.  Sanborn  from  the  Capitol  to  the  IT.  8.  Hotel, 
when  we  met  another  commissioner,  do  not  recollect  which  cue. 
Do  not  remember  seeing  any  of  the  commissioners  together  aftei' 
that;  at  the  IT.  8.  Hotel  some  conversation  took  pkce  between 
me  and  the  two  oommissioaers,  but  I  cannot  recollect  what  it ' 
Q,  Did  you  go  back  to  the  Capitol  after  this  meetixigf 


r 


%i 

A.  I  think  we  di4« 

Did  not  readfthe  specifications  all  through,  bnt  read  part  of  thenii 
enough  to  get  some  knowledge  of  ih^  bailding.  Witness  correcftir 
his  statement  about  Bjecraft;  he,  Byecraft,  may  have  intimated 
to  me  before  that  he  shonid  report  mj  knowledge  of  the  asjiam 
to  Madison.  I  think  I  asked  Mr.  Sanborn  how  much  of  the 
building  was  to  be  let,  and  his  answer  was  that  it  was  not  yet  de- 
cided. This  was  in  Madison,  and  I  think  another  commissioner 
was  present,  but  which  one  I  do  not  know,  think  it  was  Dr.  Bagh.' 

W.  8.  BAILET. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  daj  of  March^  1855. 
P.  H.  Smith,  Oh'n.  special  committQ. 


h 


O.  O.  Maym^  caUsd  iy  the  comrndssiaturs. 
STATE  OP  WISCONSIN, 

BA.NB  OOUHTT. 

Charles  Q.  Mayers,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath  says :  that  he  it 
an  agent  of  the  American  express  company,  and  was  such  agent 
last  fall;  there  was  a  tin  case  came  directed  to  Dr.  McLane,  *bj 
express.  I  do  not  remember  of  more  than  one  case  coming. 
From  the  books  kept  in  the  office,  it  was  delivered  on  the  86th  Oct' 
I  remember  it  being  in  the  office  for  a  few  days  prior  to  its  deliv- 
ery. From  the  books  it  appears  to  hare  left  Cleveland,  O.,  on  &it 
SOth  of  Oct.  The  entries  on  the  books,  are  undoubtedly  correct. 
The  first  date  refers  partionlarly  to  the  payment  of  express  charges. 
The  bill  was  originally  made  out  in  the  name  of  Dr.  McLane^  who 
called  and  had  the  bill  altered-  to  the  lunatic  asytnm.  Do  not 
know  what  the  contents  of  the  case  were.  Cannot  say  bnt  that' 
Mr.  Yittum  got  the  case  before  the  money  was  paid.  It  usually 
takes  about  three  days  for  a  package  to  come  to  Madison  (ft>]ii 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

CHAS.  GEO.  MAYERS. 

.  Swoni  and  subseribed,  bdforei  me,  this  9th  di^  of  Mancbi  IM5. 

P.  H.  Smtth,  Ch'n  special  ooznmittee. 


Called  lythi  Oommimm&r^ 
STATE  OP  WISCONSIN,) 

DAXB    OOUHTT,  ] 

,  Leonard  J.  Farwell,  being  dalj  sworn  on  oath,  saith :  I  execu- 
ted a  deed  to  the  State  of  Wisconsin  of  the  asjlum  grounds,  on  the 
2Sd  of  September.  I  think  the  contract  was  first  made  in  Angaat^ 
perhaps  before.  The  ccmtract  was  made  with  the  advice  and  con- 
tent of  the  Gorernor.  I  have  seen  Gov.  Barstow  on  the  grounds;^ 
directiDg  where  the  bnilding  was  to  be  placed.  I  saw  Dr.  Mc- 
Lane,  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  about  the  10th  of  September,  when  he  told 
me  he  had  been  to  Philadelphia  after  the  plan  for  the  Asjlamt 
and  had  them  there  with  him.  When  I  saw  Gov.  Barstow  on  the 
grounds,  they  were  paced  off  with  reference  to  this  bnilning  under 
contract  About  the  latter  part  of  September,  or  the  firat  of  Oc* 
tober,  Dr.  McLane showed  me  some  plans  and  drawings),  and  oth- 
er papers  in  reference  to  the  Lunatic  Asjlum,  in  the  consultation 
room  of  the  supreme  court  I  had  consultation  with  Dr.  McLane, 
^ith  reference  to  letting  the  contract  and  he  said  there  was  no  one 
in.  Madison  who  had  offered  to  take  the  job,  and  he  must  give 
iiuther  time  lor  proposals.  I  saw  a  notice  for  proposals  in  the  pa- 
pers,  and  it  was  generally  xmderstood  that  there  was  plans  and 

specifications  ready  to  be  seen. 

LEONARD  J.  EARWELL 

Bworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  day  of  March|  1855. 
P.  H.  Shxth,  Ch'n,  special  com. 

Oro89  ecffaminaiion  hy  the  ConwmiUee. 

I  think  it  was  after  the  contract  was  let,  that  I  saw  Gov.  Bar^ 
etow  on  the  grounds  of  the  asylum.    I  cannot  describe  the  plans! . 
ilkw,  nor  state  particularly  what  they  were,  except  that  they  were 
laige  and  colored.    I  saw  them  in  the  latter  part  of  September^  or 
early  in  October. 

LEONAED  J.  PARWELU 
Awom  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  Mih  day  of  Maroh,  1855. 
P.  H.  SioTH,  Oh'n.  special  coxb« 


r 


STATE  OP  WISCONSIN, ) 

Dijrs  OCXrKTT,  J 

Dr.  S.  G.  Bagh,  being  dalj  sworn  on  oath,  says ;  That  he  mei 
Mr.  Bailey  at  the  capitoI,  aod  heard  him  say  in  onversation  with 
Mr.  Sanborn,  that  "the  job  was  too  heavy,  and  he  did  not  feel 
disposed  to  engage  it."  I  saw  him  afterwards  at  the  U.  S.  Hotel^ 
and  asked  him  if  he  was  intending  to  bid,  and  he  replied  that  he 
was  not,as  it  was  too  extensiye  an  affair  for  him  to  engage  in.  I  do 
not  remember  Mr.  Bailey's  asking  him  how  much  of  the  baildingft 
was  to  be  let,  and  have  no  recollection  of  saying  that  it  will  not 
be  decided  until  another  commiesioner  came,  do'  not  recollect 
any  other  conversation  as  taking  place.  I  think  the  general  planh 
and  other  plans  were  present  when  Mr.  Baileye  ramined  thein,btft 
oannot  swear  positively,  but  am  pretty  certain  that  the  large  plant 
were  Id  the  capitol,  on  the  30th  of  October. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  architect  making  an  estimate  of  the  cost 
©f  the  Asylum,  nor  of  the  portion  to  be  built  during  theyear  1855^ 
either  before  or  since  the  letting  of  the  contract.  I  was  in  Madf- 
•on  for  several  days  before  the  1st  of  November,  1854.  The  plans 
and  specifications  came  from  the  east,  in  a  tin  case.  I  saw  M¥. 
Prondfit,  in  Madison,  several  times  before  the  opening  of  the  bldflf, 
and  had  a  conversation  with  him  in  relation  to  bidding.  I  tieV^ 
stated  to  him  the  manner  in  which  the  bids  were  to  be  made,  Hiid 
do  not  recollect  hearing  any  of  the  commissioners  state  the  man^- 
ner  of  bidding  to  him,  (Proudfit)  I  heard  a  conversation  in  the 
Govemro's  presence  in  regard  to  thue  contract  I  have  heard  the 
Gtovemor  speak  approvingly  of  the  grounds  and  plan  of  the  Asy- 
lum. I  think  the  Governor  advised  and  consented  to  the  commis* 
sioners  receiving  the  bids,  and  letting  the  contract  for  the  erection 
of  the  asylam  on  the  grounds  purchased  for  that  purpose.  I  can- 
not say  that  the  commissioners  consulted  with  the  Governor  in  re- 
gard to  the  plans.  I  think  the  contract  was  consummated  with  Mr. 


H 

Proodfity  with  the  approTftl  of  the  GoTernor.  Before  the  bids  were 
opened  I  did  not  learn  from  Mr.  Prendfit  nor  firora  anj  other  pw- 
son  the  manner  in  which  his  bid  was  made.  I  never  had  anj 
conTersation  with  Mr.  Prondfit,  nor  never  heard  any,  with  him  in 
regard  to  the  manner  of  his  making  his  bid. 

The  commissioners  never  had  any  consnltation  as  to  the.  manner 
of  making  the  bids  other  than  was  embodied  in  the  notice  for  pro- 
pesals,  and  never  devised  any  plan  as  to  the  manner  in  which  bids 
shonld  be  made.  I  cannot  tell  how  long  it  was  before  the  con- 
trast was  made,  that  it  was  determined  how  mnch  shonld  be  let« 
The  determination  of  the  commissioners  was  to  bnild  the  centre 
building  and  the  two  wings.  They  deemed  it  advisable  to  do  thia» 
X  think  this  determination  was  several  days  before  the  contract 
was  let  I  know  of  no  such  determination  before  the  time  of  ad* 
vertising  for  proposals.  I  do  not  know  how  Mr.  Prondfit  got  his 
information  as  to  the  manner  in  which  he  shonld  make  his  bid  ; 
it  was  not  from  me.  I  never  told  aoy  one  how  to  bid ;  neither  did 
any  of  the  commissioners,  to  my  knowledge.  I  know  of  no  other 
method  of  getting  this  information,  except  from  the  specifications, 
^e  speci^cations  were  never  published  in  any  newspaper,  to  my 
knowledge.  A  notice  was  never  published,  to  my  knowledge,  ask- 
ing £ar  proposals  for  bnild^gthe  centre  building  and  the  two 
"^gS  alone.  (Counting  each  longitudinal  and  transverse  wing  as 
QBty  there  would  then  be  three  wings  on  each  side  of  the  e^ntr^ 
buildiag,  making  six  wings.  Counting  each  longitudinal  and 
iMMh  transverse  wing  separately,  there  would  then  be  six  wings  on 
eaeh  side  of  the  centre  buildings  making  twelve  wings  in  alL 

BAM.  Q.  BUGS. 

Bwom  and  subBcribed  before  me,  this  9th  day  of  March  1855. 

P.  H.  SioiB,  Ch'n.  special  com. 


95 
OdUsd  hy  ih$  (JommimoMn. 
STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, ) 

DANB  COUNTT,  ) 

Simeon  Mills,  being  dniy  sworn  on  oath,  says :  I  saw  the  plan 
between  the  middle  of  September  and  the  first  of  October.  I  went 
to  the  Executive  Office  to  see  them  by  invitation  of  Ht.  McLane, 
I  saw  the  front  elevatioD,  and,  I  think,  the  ground  plan.  This  was 
probably  about  the  20th  September.  I  have  no  recollection  of 
seeing  any  notice  for  proposals.  I  think  the  front  elevation  I  saw 
is  the  one  that  I  have  since  seen  in  the  commissioners'  room. 

SIMEON  MILU3. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  on  this  9tb  March,  1855.^ 
]?.  H.  SsoTv,  Ch'n  of  the  Special  Ooul 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,! 

]>AHB  OOUMTT,  I  • 

Simeon  Mills,  being  re-called  and  sworn,  says :  Q.  Were  the 
the  plans  yon  saw  at  the  Executive  Office,  and  to  which  yon  re- 
ferred in  your  testimony  as  having  seen  on  or  about  the  20th  of 
September  last,  sufficient  and  such  plans  as  would  enable  a  me- 
chanic to  make  a  proper  and  correct  estimate  with  reference  to 
bids  or  proposals,  for  the  furnishing  of  materials,  and  doing  the 
work  for  the  Asyl  um  f 

A.  I  should  think  not  I  am  in  the  habit  of  building  at  Madi« 
•on.  SIMEON  MILLS. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  to  before  me,  this  16th  day  of  Marrh,  A. 
D.  1856. 

P.  H.  Smtth,  Ch'n  Special  Com. 


8f 


OaUed  hy  the  Chmmisnaners, 
STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, ) 

DANE  OOONTY,  J 

Dr.  Geo.  B.  McLane,  being  dalj  sworn  on  oatb/ flays:  I  saw 
Mr.  Bailej  in  the  consultation  room  of  the  Soprenoe  Conrt  Mr. 
Sanborn  told  me  that  Mr.  Bailey  had  come  oat  from  Milwaukee  in 
reference  to  seeing  the  plans  of  the  Asylum,  which  I  showed  and 
explained  to  Mr.  Bailey.  Mr.  Bailey  looked  through  them,  and 
in  coversation  remarked  that  he  could  not  take  hold  of  the  job,  as 
it  was  too  extensive.  I  thought  at  the  time  that  his  examination 
was  insufficient.  On  the  80th  of  October,  all  of  the  plana  were  in 
the  Capitol,  with  the  exception  of  the  heating  building. 

GEO.  R.  McLAMB. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  March,  1855. 
P.  H.  Skith,  Ch'n  Special  Com. 

OroMeooaminatton  hy'the  Committee. 

The  oatsid^  heating  building  has  not  been  let  The  grounds  for 
the  Lunatic  Asylum  were  purchased  by  the  advice  and  consent  of 
ihe  Governor.  The  notice  for  proposals  was  also  published  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor,  who  consented  to  the 
manner  of  its  publtcation.  The  contract  with  Mr.  Prondfit  was 
entered  into  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Governor,  who  was 
present  when  the  bids  were  opened,  as  was  also  Geo.  B.  Smith 
No  architect  was  employed  by  me,  nor  to  my  knowledge,  tomafce 
any  estimate  of  tlie  cost  of  the  asylum^  I  know  nothing  of  mj 
own  knowledge  of  any  architect  being  employed  to  make  an  esti- 
mate of  the  cost  of  the  asylum,  either  before  or  since  the  letting 
of  the  contract;  and  the  same  answer  applies  to  the  main  building 
and  to  the  two  wings,  and  for  the  work  to  be  done  during  the  year 
1855.  I  know  nothing  of  how  Mr.  Prondfit  got  his  ioformatioD  as 
to  the  manner  ot  making  his  bid.  Two  of  the  Iaif;e  plans  oam* 
la  the  tin  case,  sworn  to  by  0.  G.  Mayers,  the  Express  agent    la 


r 


or 

TOj  judjjment,  ds  tfee  superintendent,  it  will  be  necessary  to  build 
the  heating  bnf Miiig  befoite  the  main  building  is  used. 

GEO.  R.  MoLANE. 

Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  March,  1855.      , 
P.  H.  SMim,  Ch'n  Special  Oom. 


He-called  hy  A.  S.  Sanborn.  '.■•.. 

STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, )  ^^ 

DANE  COUNTY,  )       ' 

Arthur  Resley,  being  duly  sworu  on  oath,  says :  I  wish  to  be 
understood  as  saying  that  Mr.  Sanborn  said^to  me  that  he  wished  to 
make  something  out  of  it,  and  did  not  say  thfM)  be  wished  an  iu^      !'/  I/. 
terest  in  the  contract.    Mr.  Sanborn  never  ii^timated  to  me  ihat  h^ 
wanted  an  .interest  in  the  contract. .  !^r,. Sanborn:  said  Dothing  of         I 
the  way  m  which  he  wished  to  noAl^e  sioiBiethiDg  out  of  it    Wl^at 
I  stated  m  my  direct  examination  embraoed  all  that  I  remember  : 
of  my  co^veiaation  with  Mr.. Sanborn,  and  what  I  then  stated  I    ; 
wished  to  have  understood  in  the  manner ,  in  wJstioh  I  here  testifur  ' 
in  reference  to  the:intere3t  ifi  th^  contract.    My  former  testimony 
^rae  read  to  me  by  Mr.  Smith*  /Mr^  Sanbqru  stated  to  me  that  h^  v' 

would  do  all  he  could  to  get  me  the  contract,  without  saying  he 
wished  an  interest  in  the  contract.    Mr.  Sanborn  said  to  me  that 
he  wanted  to  make  something  out  of  it,  at  the  same  that  he  pro- 
mised, to  do  all  he  could  to  get  me  the  contract    I  stated  at  the 
time^  that  if  I  had  a  chance  to  bid  I. would  be  wiUjlng  to  l^ve  any 
one  else  get  it,  if  they  should  bid  lower  than,  I  did.    I  have  oomr    ;     /  - 
plained  as  much  of  Mr.  Sanborn's  action  in  t|ie  premises  as  ^ftl^e  •  ; 
,ACtioD  of  either  of  the  other  commmissioners.    I  had  no  cause-^to         .  k 
find  fault  Wi%  the  other  commissionei'b  other  than  what  grew  out,  \ 

€>£  Mr.  Sanborn's  igtatements.    The  morning  after  the  contract  was  . 
let,  Mr.  Sa^ilbom  told  me  tiiat  Br.  Bagh  and  Proudfit  kept  aloof         ,  , 
from  him,  mmd  liid  (Sanbom)  thought  there!  was  collusion  between 
tbem,  (meaning  Dr.  Bdgh  and  Proudfit);  and  that  ^ugh  told  him 
(S^Gbom)  Aftt  Prondit  would  give  him  a  place,  (meaning  San-  * 

13 


98 

boro.^  The  first  conversatioo  in  regard  to  mj  fcaving  tiio  eonfaract 
took  place,  I  tbink,  as  Mr.  Sanborn  an4  mjself  were  walkii^  in 
the  Capitol  Sqnare — part  of  it  might  have  taken  place  while  Mr. 
Banbom  and  tryself  were  going  to  look  at  the  Lunatic  Af^jliim 
gronnde.  I  do  not  now  think  of  anything  else  that  wonld  iiicul- 
pate  Mr.  Snnborn.  Have  no  recollections  of  Mr.  Sanborn's  pa)  ing 
that  he  wished  nothing  done  that  wonld  embarrass  either  himself 
or  me.  AETHUR  RESLET. 

Bwom  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  9th  Mereh,  1855. 
P.  H.  Sicrni,  Ch'n  Special  Ck>m. 


STATE  OP  WISCONSIN,   ) 

DAVE  OOUfiTT,  f 

Dr.  GeOb  R.  McLane,  being  dnij  sworn  on  oath,  saith,  that  the 
plans  and  specifications  as  presented  by  the  snperintender.f,  were 
adopted  by  the  commissioners  of  the  lanatic  asjlnm^the  Govenior 
being  pref  ent,  at  their  meeting,  Sept  20,  1854.  The  Governor  at 
the  time  gave  his  consent  to  the  plans. 

GEO.  R.  McLANE. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  before  me,  this  tth  March,  1855. 
P.  II;  SioTiii  Ch'n.  committee. 


Called  h/  ths  Commimcnen. 
STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,   1         . 

DAKB    00T7NTY,  I 

I 

Andrew  Viall,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  says,  that  he  res)dea 
at  Madison,  and  saw  the  plans  about  a  v^cek  before  .the  time  ad* 
Tertised  for  the  letting  tlie  first  time  of  the  Stato  Lunatic  Asj^IiKniy 
but  cannot  sny  that  the  plans  now  before  the  committee  wcr4  thu  . 
plans  then  saw  by  witness. ,  Witness  saw  speciiicatlousi  slso  a  c<»pj 
of  which  was  written  and  a  copy  printed.    Thruka  the  plaw  uo«i 


99 

before  the  committee  \rere  the  ones  i\^n  shownr  wi&ees.  HK 
Proudlit  wae  ]>rc8ent  at  the  time ;  also,  Dr*  HcLane.  Have  never 
seen  any  otiier  plans  that  I  am  aware  of.  The  plans  were  the  siae 
of  those  before  the  committee.  Was  present  with  Mr.  Proud fil 
three  times,  and  the  s&nie  plans  were  present  each  time.  West 
for  the  purpose  of  aiding  Mr.  Proadtit  in  making  an  estimate  fur 
a  proposal.  Tlie  estimates  made  were  on  the  basis  of  the  writtex^ 
specifications.  Tliinks  that  the  front  elevation  pliw  wae  the  one  - 
shown  witness,  and  now  before  the  committee.  The  plans^wereiB  ' 
both  the  consnitation  room  of  the  Supreme  Oonrtiaud  in  the  At- 
torney Geuer..l's  office. 

A.  VIALL  . 

Bwom  and  subscribed  before  me^  this  8th  March,  1855. 
P.  B.  SHrrU)  Ch'u.  joint  com. 

STATE  OP  WISCONSIN,   \ 

Edward  Heler,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  sajs,  that  ho  has  resi- 
ded in  Madison  between  four  and  five  years,  and  is  engaged  in  tb& 
lumber  business.    Was  engngcd  last  summer  in  sawini]:   stone.. 
Was  in  Madison  last  fall,  and  saw  the-  notice  for  proposaU    for- 
building  the  Lunatic  Asylum.    Witness  called  at  the Gk>vernor's^ 
room  and  inquired  ft)r  the  plans  and  ppecifications  before  tiietiin^  , 
for  receiving  proposals  had  expired  ;  thinks  it  was  early  in   Qcbi^  . 
ber.     Mr.  Hunter  was  in  the  Qovernor's  room  and    told  witqesa 
that  the  plan:)  and  specifications   were  not  there,  except  the  l)ront 
eloTatioD.    Koono  else  was  present.    Mr.  Ilunter  did  not  direct 
witness  to  any  other  place.     Witness  called  to  examine  the   plana; 
and  specifications  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  proposal.    Did  not 
call  again,  nut  being  able  to  learn  where  the  office  wa^  kept     Wit*, 
nesa  put  iti  h6  bi<l  in  eonseqnetice.    Neither  of  the  commissiunera 

were  present  when  witness  called. 

EDWARD  ILSLEY. 

Bwom  and  subscribed  before  me  this,  Gth  March|  1855. 

P.  n.  Smtth,  Oli'n.  special  com. 


100 


>  S8. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN. 

DANS  COUHTT. 

Arthur  Beslej  being  dnlj^  sworn,  deposes  and  says :  I  reside  in 
Madisoo.  Previous  to  my  coming  to  Madison,  I  have  been  en- 
gaged, altogether  aboat  t^n  years,  as  a  contractor,  and  principally 
upon  pablic  works*  I  was  in  Madison  a  portion  of  the  time 
during; the  last  fall.  '  Mr.  Sanborn,  one  of  the  commissioners, 
spoke  to.  pie  one  day,  and  said  that  the  job  of  building  the  Asy- 
lum, was  pue  that  the  state  would  not  have  to  go  into  again ;  and 
that  as  it  was  a  large  job  he  wanted  to  have  some  interest  in  the 
contracty  Qr  make  someOiing  out  of  it.  This  was,  I  think,  about 
the  20th  Pit  October  lastj  and  fianborn  and  myself  were  then  goings 
out  to  examiie  the  place  where  Asylum  is  located.  He  told  me 
he  would  do  all  he  could  to  let  me  have  the  contract  if  I  would 
let  him  have  an  interest  in  it  Tlie  bid  put  in  by  Mr.  Lamar  w^ 
not  signed  by  me,  although  Mr.  Lamar  and  myself  had  talked  of 
putting  in  a  bid  together.  The  bid  did  not  meet  my  approval — 
I  was  intending  to  put  in  for  cut  stone  at  $15  per  enable  yv^-  J  . 
was  informed  by  Mr.  Sanborn  that  the  ti/ne  for  letting  was  tha  < 
30th  of  November,  and  I  went  to  Green  Bay.  about  the  2$t2i  of 
October,  intending  to  be  bact  before  the  letting..  About  this  tiiue 
I  asked  Mtl  Sanborn  about  the  plans  and  specifications,  and  he 
•told  me  that  Dr.  McLane  was  to  have  had  them  before  that  time^. 
and  he  did  not  know  the  reason  why  they  had  not  come.  I  told  , 
Mr.  Sanborn  that  if  I  got  the  work  I  would  do  something  for  him. 
There  was  no  understanding  what  it  would  be.  At  the  time  I 
made  outihe  bid,  I  supposed  that  the  whole  building  was  to  be 
cut  stone. '  I  should  think  it  would  require  from  eight  to  ten^  days. 
after  seeibg  the  plans  and  specifications,  before  I  should  be  able 
to  make  dttt  proper  proposals  for  the  erection  of  the  building.  U 
may  be  th^t  I  am  slower  than  other  people, 

•         '  ARTPIJR  RESLEY. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  mo,  this  7th  day  of  March,  A.D.. 

P.  H.  SioTHj  ObaimnRfn^  6cc. 


STATE  OF  WKCONSDf, )  ^^ 

'  DANE  COUNTY.    .  •     )       *  '  '      •  ' 

?  C.H.  Lamar  baiilgdialyswohi  081  oatiijeays:  The  first  time  I  asw 
the  planfi  of  tUe:  first,  seooiid  and  thikl  stories  <yf  the'  WiBeonsin 
Stftte  ^Batic  A^ylnm^  was  about  the  27th  of  Oct.,  whi6h  was  the 
.  1if|^^l  caoae  here  for  tht  second  tim^;  attd  from  that  time  np  Xo 
tke  &8t  of  Novembisr,  they  were  in  the  office  of  Uie  eolhmlssioii- 
efSy  pader  the  State  Library.  When  I  was  at  Madison,  abont  the 
<fin|t  of  October,  the  planB  I  did  not  see,  and  was  toTd,  I  ih^nk,  by 
>Dr.  BQgh^Qne  of  the  commiseiobeis,  that  the  plans  had  not  ar- 
liyed  v^r  the  .specificatio^B  either.  No  one  of.  the  commissionere 
at  a^y  time  before  the  i^rst  of  November,  or  the  letting  of  the  con- 
tr^et;  proposed  to  me  to  make  any  poroposals  fbr  the  bailQhg  of 
the  Asylum,  by  whom  either  or  all  of  them  were  to  have  ^a^y  in- 
.  \^x^9X  in  tho  contract,  or  the  profits  arising  therefrom,  either  di- 
rectly or  indireotly.  It  is  my  impression  that  on  or  about  the  27th 
of  October,  but  I  oaniiot  say  whether  it  was  then,  or  on  or  about 
tlie  firatof  October,  I  heard  Dn  Bngh  ask  Mr.  Bird  if  he  dfd  not 
intend  to  put  in  proposals,  or  something  to  that  effect,  for  build- 
raag-the  Asylupa-i^and  I  think  he  remarked  that  he  was  too  busy, 
,or  had  all  the  bi^iness  he  oould  attend  to^  and  should  nofput  in 
any  proposals.  This  conversation  occurred  in  the  streets ;  a^d  the 
foregoing  is  the  su1)stanoe  of  the  oonreFsation  as  near  as  I  can  re- 
collect. 

C.  H.  LAMAR. 

Subscribed  an !  sworn  to  before,  jnO)  this  7th.  of  March,  A.  D. 

1855.  !    ^  ' 

P.  H.  Smith,  Ch'n  Special  Oammittee. 


103 
STATE  OF  WBCONSIff, )  ^ 

DANK  OOUUTT,  J 

Edwin  Palmer,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  ssjSi  that^e  re- 
aides  in  the  citj  of  Milwaukeo,  and  has  for  abont  ten  years,  and 
daring  that  time  has  been  engaged  in  house  bnilding.  I  hare 
been  engaged  in  aaeisting  Mr.  Mjgatt  in  making  the  estimates  of 
iho  cost  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Lnnatic  Asjium,  nnder  the  con* 
tract,  and  at  the  estimated  prices.  1  have  examined  carefallj  the 
estimate  marked  "A,"  and  submitted  to  the  committee,  and  beliey« 
them  to  be  correct  The  estimate  referred  to,  is  signed  by  myselfl 
The  portion  of  the  Wisconsin  Asjlom,  contracted  to  be  bnilt  the 
first  year,  wonld  cost  much  more  than  the  construction  of  the 
Worcester  Asylum,  according  to  the  plan  reported  by  the  senate 
oomniittee,  as  appears  in  the  senate  journal  of  1854,  and  is  upon 
.<«  plan  differing  very  materially.  The  erection  of  the  Wisconsin 
Asylum  main  building,  would  cost  much  more  than  the  main  build- 
ing of  the  Worcester  Asylum,  for  the  reason  that  it  is  more  than 
twice  as  largci  and  for  the  reason  also,  that  the  Worcester  Asylum 
is  heated  by  furnaces  within  the  building,  and  the  Wisconsin 
Asylum  is  heated  by  apparatus  in  a  building  removed  from,  and 
^entirely  distinct  from  the  main  building. 

EDWm  PALMER 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  tLia  7th  day  of  March,  A. 
D.  1855. 

Pi.  H.  SiOTU,  Oh'n  Speoial  Committee. 


'  «PATE  OF  WISCONSIN, ) 

DANB  COUNTT,  ) 

Augustus  A.  Bird,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  says,  that  he  has 
been  present,  and  aided  Mr.  Mygatt,  in  making  the  estimates  as 
to  the  cost  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum,  except  as*  to  the  excavation, 
which  was  reviewed  by  witness  afterwards.  Witness  concurs  in 
the  estimates,  as  presented  by  Mr.  Mygatt,  in  the  estimated  price 
.mnd  in  the  contract  prices,  except  as  to  the  construction.of  the  pro- 


103 

posal  and  contract  of  Mr.  l?rondfit  aa  to  the  painting,  joiner  work 
and  extra' items;  these  witness  thinka,  under  the  contract  shoald 
be  applied  to  each  longitudinal  and  each  transverse  wing  separate- 
ly^and  not  together,  as  as  is  done  in  the  contract  estimate. 

In  making  these  estimates,  however,  it  was  agreed  by  Mr.  Mj- 
gatfe,  Mr.  Palmer  and  witnessj  to  take  Mr.  Mygatt's  conatraction. 
If  the  contract  is  construed  as  witness  thinks  it  should  be,  it  would 
add  to  the  cost  $41,289  98,  making  the  total  cost  of  $152,140  42. 

A.  A.  BIRD. 

8worn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  6tk  day  of  March,  1855. 
P.  H.  SioTH,  Gh'n  Special  Oammittee. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,  I 

DANK  COUNTY,  J       ' 

Geo.  TV.  Mygatt,  being  duly  sworn,  on  oath  says,  that  ho  re- 
sides in  Milwaukee,  and  is  an  architect  by  profession,  having  been 
ongnged  in  that  business,  and  in  building,  for  twenty-fivie  years; 
baa  resided  in  Milwaukee  about  thirteen  years ;  has  made  aft  esti- 
mate of  the  cost  of  building  the  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  uuder  An* 
drew  Prondfit^s  contract,  in  connection  with  Edwin  Palmer  and 
A.  A.  Bird,  Esqs. ;  has  been  engiged  seventeen  days  in  making 
ench  e:»timate  ;  has  also  prepared  written  estimates,  which  are  the 
ones  here  submitted.  Under  the  contract  with  Mr.  Proudfit,  the 
eost  of  the  main  building  will  be  $77,86!)  GO ;  the  cost  of  wing 
building ''A"  is  $108,188  86;  the  cost  of  wing  building  «B'*  is 
$99,412  00;  the  longitudinal  and  traverse  buildings  being  both 
indnded  in  these  two  estunates.  The  wing  building  ''0/'  inclu- 
ding extreme  wings,  is  $97,400  00.  Tlie  cost  of  engine  building, 
as  per  p1an«  including  pipes,  heating  apparatus,  &&,  will  probably 
be  $30,000.  The  gross  amount,  under  the  contrac^t  price,  is  $410,- 
•50  46.  At  a  fair,  just  and  reasonable  price,  the  same  would  cost 
#SIS5,673  OB,  this  being  a  liberal  price.  In  making  those  esti- 
inatj^  nnder  the  contract  price,  the  suox  of  $4,995  put  in  ijpL  the 
{HTOposal  for  joiner  ^ork  on  each  longitudinal  and  transverse  wing, 


104 

is  estimated  as  inclndiDg  both ;  they  being  considered  a%  one,  and 
as  composiDg  one  work,  and  that  sum  is  taken  f^  incIadiDg  the 
joiner  work  on  both  throughout  the  building,,  and  the  saipe  rule 
appljing  to  the  painting,  as  also  to  the  proposals  for  extra  items. 

The  estimates  are  made  upon  the  printed  Bp^cificatlons  as  con- 
tained in  the  special  report  of  the  oonomvissioners,  leaving  out  the 
word  ^^each"  oncey'lwhere  it  occurs  in  connection  with  the  pbinting 
twice.  If  the  proposals  are  construed  as  meaning  that  the  joiner 
worky  painting  and  extra  items  are  to  be  counted  separately  oi^ 
.the  longitudinal  and  on  the  transrerse  wiinge,  tbe  additional  cost 
under  the  contract  price  will  be  $41,28d^  96,  n^akiog  the  gross  coat 
$452,140  42.  The  estimate  of  the  actual  cost  is  made  at  prices 
higher  than  the  Madison  prices,  as  witness  understands,  and  high* 
er  than  the  Milwaukee  prices.  Under  tlie  contract,  the  cost  of  the 
building  will  be  made  to  costfmuch  more  than  the  estimate' under 
the  contract  makes  it.  This  can  be  done  in  the  iron  work  gener- 
ally; because  greater  weight  of  iron  may  be  put  in  than  is 
necessary,  on  account  of  not  all  the  sizes  being  named  in  the  spe- 
xifieations.  In  making  the  estimate  the  size  and  weight  has  been 
taken  which  seemed  suiBcient  for  the  purposes  of  the  buildings 

The  size  of  the  joists  and  partitions  may  also  be  increased,  and 
also  other  things  which  are  not  specifically  described.  The  esti- 
mates given  at  length  and  herewith  submitted,  are  correct  to  the 
best  of  the  witness's  knowledge  and  belief.  In  addition  to  the 
plans  of  the  several  floors,  the  front  elevation,  the  section  a^d  the 
plan  of  the  engine  house  and  bakery  are  made  by  JSloan  AStew 
art,  a  rear  elevation,  a  transverse  section,  an  end  elevation^  ^work- 
ing drawings  generally,  specifications  for  engine  house  and  bakery 
Would  also  be  required  in  order  tc^  make  proper  proposals  for 
the  building.  It  is  not  customary  to  make  proposals  unless  plans 
and  specffications  are  complete.  Without  the  large  plans  of  the 
floors  and  front  elevation  the  commissioners  have  no  plans  that 
witness  lias  been  able  to  see,  upon  which  a  bidder  could  malgesafe 
proposals  to  erect  the  building  in  the  manner  in  which  ^rof^sals 
'  «re  usually  made.    'VV'itness  has  drafted  a  plan  of  the  W<»i^ester 


105 

Aoylnm  upon  the  plan  as  proposed  by  tlie  senate  90uiix\ittee  of 
'1864,  npon  the  same  ecale  as  the  plans  of  Sloan  &  Stewart.  Ac* 
€k>rding  to  the  plan  of  the  commissioners,  the  Wisconsin  Lunatic 
Asylnjoa  covors  for  main  builJing  7,800  feet;  first  longitu- 
dinal and  tr^na verse  Wfng  9^86  sqaiure  Ie6t,.marked  ^^A^  upon  the 
plan ;  wing  *'B"  6,025  sqqare  feet ;  wing  ^'O*'  6730  feet.  The 
whole  building  covers  44,480  square  feet.  The  Worcester  Asylum 
main  building  covers  8,040  feet,  upon  the  plan  given  by  the  com* 
mittee  of  the  senate,  and  the  wings  ar^  6,840  feet  taken  together, 
making  in  all  9,880  square  feet^  If  the  Worce&t^r  Asylum  was  to 
be  built  at  the  same  contract  price  as  Mr.  Proudfit^s,  the  cost 
would  be  183^980,  and  fit  the  estimate  price  (64,340.  Witness 
knows  of  no  plans  and  specifications  for  the  engine  hov^e  and 
bakery,  not  liavipg  been  able  to  see  any,  and  the  sum  of  ^0^000 
is  added  in  both  estimates,  the  difference  in  the  two  being  irre- 
apective  of  this  engine  and  bakery  house. 

G.  W.  MYXSIATT. 
Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  6th  March,  1855. 
P.  H.  Smtth,  Ch'n.  special  com. 

G.  W.  Mygatt  recalled,  Thursday,  March  8lh,  1855. 

Witness  called  at  the  office 'of  the  Lunatic  Asylum  OoramisBion- 
ers  last  evening,  March  7th,  in  company  with  Dr.  MoLane,  the 
Superintendent,  and  saw  the  abstract  plans  referred  to  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Lane,  which  he  (Dr.  McLane)  gave  witness,  being  the  N.  J.*Tren- 
ton  AbjIu^,  in  pamphlet  form,  and  the  State  Hospital  for  the  In- 
mhej  as  then  in  the  Journal  of  Insanity.  There  is  a  similarity  in 
the  ground  plans  of  these  with  the  Wisconsin  Insane  Asylum,  but 
the  elevations  are  different.  The  New  Jersey  Asylum  is  not  so 
large  as  the  Wisconsin  Asylum,  from  the  plans.  Witness. would 
not  think  himself  safe  in  making  an  estimate  for  a  proposal  from 
diese  tibstract  plans.  Has  seen  the  front  elevation  plan  in  the 
Governor's  Boom,  which  varies  from  the  plans  before  the  commit- 
tee^  and  upon  wbiob  the  estimate  of  "witnesB  was  made.  Witness 
would  not  consi^  himself  siile  in. making  ^estimate  giving  the 
14 


106 

total  cost  of  the  bailding,  from  tho  abstract  plana  as  referred  to  bj 

Dr.  McLane,  but  might,  under  certain  circumstancea,  bid  for  the 

piece  work.    Witness  has  given  anotlicr  daj  in  addition  to  the 

time  named  in  Ixis  examination  on  tho  6th  ins^. 

G.  W.  MVQATI. 
Svrom  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  8th  March,  1855. 

P.  H.  Sicrrn,  Ch*n.  joint  com. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN, ) 

DANE  OOUNTT,  J       * 

John  D.  Welch,  being  sworn  on  oath,  says:  that  for  the  last  ten 

years  he  has  resided  in  Madison.    Is  a  contractor  and  builder  bj 

profession.    Was  in  Madison  in  September  and  October  last;  saw 

the  notice  for  proposals  for  building  the  State  Lunatio  Asylum  { 

was  one  of  a  company  designing  to  bid  for  said  work. 

^j  J.  D.  WELCH. 

C  Sworn  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  16th  February,  1855. 

P.  H.  Smith,  Ch'n.  com.,  Notary  PubliCi  &e. 


STATE  OF  WISCONSIN,    > 

DANB  COUNTY,  f 

James  Livesey,  being  duly  sworn  on  oath,  says  tba\  bo  reaidei 
in  Madison,  and  is  a  stone  mason  by  trade.  Was  at  home  daring 
Oct  and  Sept.  last.  Saw  the  notice  for  proposals  fur  bulidiogths 
lunatic  asylum,  and  was  desirous  of  bidding  for  aame,  for  wbich 
purpose  witness  went  to  Mr.  Titus'  oflSce  to  see  the  plans  and 
specifications ;  no  place  being  named  in  the  notice  for  tho  exhibi- 
tion of  these  plans  and  specifications,  witness  suppoaed they  would 
naturally  be  at  Mr.  Titus'  office,  as  ho  was  the  only  archirect  ia 
town — did  not  find  the  plans  nor  specifications  at  Mr.  Titua*  officCi 
and  was  unable  to  find  their  whereabouts — did  not-  call  npoo  the 
commissioners. 

JAS.  LIYESKT. 

.'Bworti  and  subscribed  before  me,  this  16th  January,  18:^5. 

P*  H^  Bum,  QIi'd*  com.  of  the  legidlature. 


lor 

STATE  OP  WISCONSIN, ) 

DANB  COUHTT.  f      ' 

Benj.  Jadkins,  being  daly  sworn  on  oath,  eajs  that  he  har  resi- 
ded at  Madison  over  two  years  ;  that  he  is  a  honee  carpenter  bj 
trade,  and  is  now  engaged  in  bnilding  the  Lake  Side  Water  Oare, 
and  also  J.  £.  Kendall's  stobe  house,  being  the  contractor ;  that  he 
called  at  the  office  of  the  Lunatic  Asjlnm  commissioners  in  the 
Gapitol  twice,  the  first  time  about  twenty  days  before  the  time 
adyertised  for  opening  the  proposals.  It  was  about  two  o'clock, 
P.  M ;  Dr.  McLane  was  present,  as  also  another  person.  Witness 
object  in  going  w§s  to  examine  the  plans  and  specifications,  in  or- 
der to  bid  for  the  work  on  the  asylum.  On  calling  for  these  plans 
and  specifications,  witness  was  informed  that  the  ground  plan  was 
to  bd  aeeti^  bat  thai  the  others,  as  well  as  the  specifications^  had 
not  arrived,  but  would  bo  reoeiyed  in  about  a  week ;  nothing  else 
wa»  said  in  regard  to  the  plans  or  specifications.  About  a  week 
or  ten  days  thereafter,  and  about  the  10th  of  Oct.,  witneas  called 
>  again  at  the  office,  and  asked  if  the  plans  and  specifications  were 
then  ready  to  be  seen,  stating  that  the  object  of  witness  was  to 
bid|  and  thereupon  be  was  inforraed  that  they  were  not  then  read/ 
«r  kad  not  been  receired.  Tlie  ground  plan  referred  to  is  called 
by  architects  the  front  elevation.  Witness  saw  the  notice  for  pro- 
posals in  the  papers,  and  called  about  ten  days  before  the  time  to 
open  the  bids ;  would  want  about  four  or  five  days  to  figure  np  a 
Ud,  and  would  want  all  the  plans  and  specifications.  Witness 
intended  to  bid  only  for  the  wood  work,  and  alludes  to  that  and 
oM  to  the  stone  pa^t. 

BENJ.  JUDKUfB. 
Swdra  and  snbecribed  before  me,  this  20tli  Feb.  1855. 
P»  II.  8]irrt|  Ch'n.  com. 


"D.^' 


LETTERS. 


Maoisok,  Oct  13)  1S54. 
Wm.  T.  Bailey,  Esq., 

MrbsABsm:  Yours  of  the  9tli  in^t  is  receiyed,  and .  J  foel 
mncb  gratitude  for  your  kind,  wishes.  We  arc  all  about  half  sick, 
bad  colds,  tired  out,  <fec.  &c.,  the  consequence  of  liringin  an  open 
house — expect  to  haye  abetter  tenei^'ent  soon*  * 

The  plans  and  specifications  for  the.  asjlum  have  lK>t  f^  been . 
8ut)mitted  or  agreed  upon.  1  suppose  thej.  will  be  made  public 
on'  the  20th  of  this  month  ;  and  from  tiiat.titne  until  the  20fh  of 
TS'ovember,  proposals  for  building,  Aq.  will  be  received  bj  the 
commissioners.  Nothing  can  be  done  in  th/^  way  of  takipgcon- 
'  tracts  until  the  plans  are  agreed  ifpon.  When  the  plans .  avo  sub- 
mitted, you  will  necessi^ily  need  tp  com^  and  see  them,  in  order 
to  know  what  work,  and  how  much  is  to  be; done.  -  It  miXk  be  a 
^eat  contract,  and  require  a  vast  amount  of  labor.  When  the 
plans  are  submitted,  I  will  write  ^ou  immedialely,  and  you  will 
probably  need  several  days  to  investigate  them,  &c.  &0k 

Perhaps  if  you  come  out  here  in  about  ten  days  I  can  give  you 
a  small  job.  Please  write  me  on  reception  of  this,  the  terms  on 
which  you  will  lay  up  a  cellar  wall,  (or  a  basement  of  stone)  faced 
on  the  inside,  and  three  feet  faced  outside.  The  stone  will  be 
about  the  same  as  those  blasted  out  of  the  channel  of  the  river  at 
Appleton— perhaps  not  quite  as  good.  The  stone,  lime,  sand  and 
water  to  be  lumished  you,  and  you  to  make  mortar  and  tend  your-^ 


r 


109 

eelf.  The  oateide  face  to  bo  pointod  with  white  mortar,  and  the 
inside  with  snch  as  the  stone  are  laid  in — wall  to  be  16  or  18  in- 
ches thick — probably  about  8  cords  to  be  in  the  wall. 

I  believe  I  have  made  myself  sufficiently  explicit,  so  that  you 
understand  what  I  want,  &q. 

I  do  not  know  certain  as  I  shall  have  that  work  done,  but  there 
can  be  no  harm  in  learning  the  cost.  Lest  I  should  forget  it  the 
next  time  when  I  write,  I  will  tell  yon  wlier6  ^'fi"nd  me  when  you 
come  here.  I  am  on  block  265,  in  a  house  owned  by  H.  B.  Boun- 
dy ;  you  can  find  it  easy  enough.  Our  respects  to  Mrs.  Bailey, 
John,  Pauline  and  all  the  rest. 

•  :•  r  '•  '        '    '       '  Yelirs truly, 
I    '  .  ALDEN  S.  SANBORN. 


Hii»B0K,0et.l9, 18M.     .     ''     ' 
W.  T.  Bailbt,  Epq.:    ■ 

Dkab  Sib  :-^I  suppose  those  plaiia  will  be  exhibited  on  and  af- 
ter to-morrow,  and  yon  b&d  bettff  eome  here  next  Monday,  aiid 
examine  them,  if  you  wish,  for  a  contract,  &c.    You  just  put  up    *  '   ' 
and  bring  along  your  trowels,  <&c.,  and  you  can  get  some  work  here 
if  you  wish.    You  will  want  to  stay  a  few  days  at  any  rate,  and  .     ;.\ 
'you can  Wotk  apart  of  th6  time,  and  get  along  about  as  fast  with  .    ,^  ,  y . 
other  maMcIrs'  at  tJie  feame  time.    The  Louse  in  which  I  live  is  to    .  ^^  ,.. ;:: 
be  plastei^a,  and  tlie  owner  sstys  he  will  have  you  do  jt,  if  you    ^  ,..•.. m. 
will,  if  ydtt  kre  lierc  the  first  of  text  week.    Write  me  by  next  » ,  .   ,    j 
mail,  whether  or  not  yon  ^U  t3ome  on  Monday  next.  ^  ^ 

"5  :  f       "  ^  Yours  very  truly,  .  '  ,       ,. 

AIDEN  8.  8ANB0BN.     .^  ,'  '     ' 


.w< 


JOURNAL  OP  THE  SENATE. 


TnuBSDAT,  March  S,  1851. 

Ifr.  Yittum,  from  the  ooimnkte&on  state  affairs,  reported 

Ko.  181  8,  a  bill  to  provide  for  a  state  lonatic  asjlom, 

Which  was  read  the  first  and  second  times, . 

And  accompanying  the  same  a  report  upon  this  subject,  of  which 
1000  copies  were  ordered  printed,  to  wit : 
The  committee  on  state  affairs,  to  whom  was  referred,  so  innch  of 

the  OoTemor's  message  as  relates  to  an  insane  af^jlum,  and  the 

petitions  and  memorials,  prajing  for  the  establibhment  of  the 

same,  submit  the  following 

REPORT: 

Uany  facts  have  come  to  tlio  knowledge  of  tliis  committee^ 
CTincing  the  great  necessity  of  immediate  legislative  action  npon 
this  subject.  The  Governor  by  directing  our  attention  t>  tbis  im* 
portant  work,  has  but  given  voice  to  the  general  and  proxiund  in- 
terest at  present  existing  in  the  state.  From  every  quarter,  from 
the  press  of  every  political  partj,  from  individuals  in  all  pursuits 
and  classes,  without  asipgle  dissenting  ooice,  we  hear  an  expres- 
sion of  the  warmest  feeling,  that  no  fiirtlier  delay  should  be  made 
in  taking  measures  for  relieving  the  insane. 

From  the  best  information  the  committee  can  obtain,  derived 
chiefly  from  medical  gentlemen,  some  of  wliom  have  given  great 
attention  to  the  subject,  it  may  safely  bo  estimated  that  there  are 
at  the  present  tiii:e,  more  than  one  hundred  insane  persona  in  this 
state,  who  are  fit  subjects  for  the  aid  of  a  public  institution. 


r 


111 

These  frtsane  pei^ons  tnnst  of  nccessitj  be  wandering  about  our 
streets  and  fields,  or  cotiiined  to  jail^,  or  in  the  custody  of  their  . 
friends.  Tlioso  who  are  running  at  large,  endan;;er  tlie  public  and 
are  in  no  way  of  recovery.  As  to  th  »8o  who  are  in  charge  of  their 
friends,  to  use  the  langnage  of  Dr.  8purzheim,  *^on  one  point 
there  is  great  nnifvmnity  ofop'nion  among  medical  men  in  regard 
to  the  iiiB^n(>,.and  that  is  the  importance  ot  separating  the  patient 
from  his  faiinly  and  customary  associations.'^ 

The  legislature  reqnires  no  hight  wronght  picture  ot  t}ie  intense 
misery  to  which  the  poor  lunatic  is  subjected,  who  is  inQarcerated 
wider  a  mock  prosecution,  in  the  cold,  cheerless,  sunless  and  fire- 
leas  cells  of  a  jail.  * 

We  feel  anthorized  to  apply  to  our  own  state,  the  language  used 
by  the  trustees  of  the  state  Innatit  hospital  of  Massachusetts,  in 
reference  to  that  oommonvrealth :  'Mhat  were  a  system  to  be  de* 
vised,  whose  express  object  it  should  be  to  drive  every  victim  of 
Insanity  boy.  nd  the  limits  of  hope,  it  would  scarcely  bo  within 
the  powei*  of  man  to  suggest  one  more  infallible  in  its  general 
tendency  than  tliat  which  has  been,  is  now,  and  will  be  in  practical 
operation  among  us,  so  long  as  we  aie  destitute  of  an  asylum.'' 

In  view  of  this  immense  mass  of  unmitigated  misery,  the  quea* 
lion  occnn>,  wliat  can  be  done  fur  its  alleviatiuni  Ilappily  for  us, 
this  probK  in  is  not  left  fur  our  solution.  It  is  a  principle  univer*' 
eally  admitted,  that  the  only  hope  of  restoring  the  insane  to  sound- 
ness of  mind,  ex'sts  in  the  agincy  of  institutions  in  which. they 
are  seJDarated  from  the  community,  and  subjected  to  a  course  of 
medical  and  moral  management,  very  peculiar,  and  wonderfally 
successfut. 

Dr.  Bell,  of  the  Worcester  asylum  says :  "  The  fact  of  the  hope* 
lessness  of  the  insane,  under  the  ordinary  mode  of  treating  other 
bodily  diseases  is  established."  And  the  opinion  of  all  bestqualit 
fied  to  judge  will  Bustafn  the  asset  ti<in,  that  notwithstanding  all 
the  ad  vane  s  and  impruvements  in  medi^*al  science,  the  aoceessof 
the  physician  ntider  common  circumstances  in /^  administering  to 
the  mind  deceased,"  is  no  greater  than  in  the  days  of  Hippocrates 


112 

or  Galen.  This  principle  was  overlooked  in  Europe,  uutil  aboat 
tlio  close  of  the  last  century,  since  which  time  however,  the  pub- 
lic authorities  of  nearly  every  civilized  nation  have  turned  their 
attention  towards  proper  receptacles  for  the  insane. 

In  this  country,  institutions  of  this  character  have  been  estab- 
lished in  most  of  the  states,  and  they  have  exhibited  results  won- 
derful  and  gratifying.  With  us,  therefore,  there  need  be  no  ven- 
turing in  the  dark,  no  engagii^  in  doubtful  and  untried  projects. 
We  have  the  means  of  knowing  every  fact  respecting  the  results 
of  an  insane  asylum  in  this  state,  with  nearly  as  much  accuracy 
and  certainty!  as  if  it  had  been  years  in  operation. 

The  managers  of  the  various  American  asylums,  have  appareut- 
ly,  with  a  benevolence  ever  to  be  praised,  labored  to  give  other 
communities  the  means  of  knowing  precisely  and  specifically 
what  is  necessary  in  the  establishment  of  similar  institutions. — > 
They  give  us  exactly  what .  we  need ;  not  philosophical  diserta- 
tions  on  insanity — not  appeals  to  our  feeling,  nor  loose  suges* 
tions,  nor  ditluse  and  general  statements  of  facts,  but  minute  and 
detailed  accounts  of  their  whole  proceedings^  their  entire  results, 
and  their  whole  bill  of  expenses,  down  to  items  the  most  inconsid- 
erable. 

We  can  derive  tlierefore  from  these  institutions,  every  fact,  de- 
tail and  ciroumstanco .essential  to  enable  us  to  judge  and  act  wise- 
ly and  conscientiously  in  the  premises ;  facts  which  are  of  peculiar 
value,  beings  based  upon  evidence  almost  identical  with  that  ex- 
isting among'  ourselves, 

The  comttiittee  are  not  aware  of  any  method  by  which  so  just 
and  definite  a  view  of  an  insane  asylum  can  be  afforded  as  in  the 
brief  analysis  of  the  results  of  the  several  institutions  which  have 
been  for  mauy  years  in  operation  in  the  Korthern  States.  The 
committee  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  the  most  recent  reports, 
all  which  they  have  consulted  however,  have  b^en  published 
within  a  few  years. 

At  Bloomingdale  Asylum,  New  York,  of  681  recent  cases,  34X 
were  discharged  cured,  being  about  seventy  per  cent,  bat  among 


11^ 

eas^a  of  long  standing,  instahcefi  of  cure  were  mncK  less,  Voing- 
Only  ten  of  one  bnndied  and  sixty. 

With  regard  to  the  management  of  tho  insane  at  this  asylum^ 
the  repoit  says :  "The  patients  are  arranged  into  cUi  ses,  according 
to'tbe  form  which  their  particular  maniacal  delusions  have  as- 
turned,  and  treated  in  that  manner  which  seems  best  adapted  to 
their  morbid  association  of  ideas ;  in  restoring  the  power  and  hab* 
its  of  self  control,  in  substituting  agreeable  sensations  and  reflec* 
lions,  for  those  which  are  painful  and  irritating,  in  inducing  a  • 
habit  of  employing  their  judgment,  which  like  every  other  facuK 
ty  is  strengthened  by  exercise.  The  means  of  effecting  these  ou^ 
must  be  addressed  to  the  case  of  each  patient. 

Harsh  treatment  and  all  needless  restraint  is  avoided.  Chaina 
arenotnsed,  even  confinement  to  the  cells  is  seldom  resorted  to» 

As  much  liberty  as  is  consistent  with  the  safety  of  the  patient 
IB  allowed  ;  many  are  permitted  to  leave  the  house  and  to  emploj 
themselves  in  the  garden  or  on  tlie  farm. 

They  are  taken  out  to  ride  ;  occupations  of  different  kinds  are  ' 
afforded  them,  and  they  are  permitted  to  partake  of  various  inno* 
cent  amusements ;  they  are  allowed   to  dine  together  in  classes^ 
and  ever}  thing  that  can  ap;  ropriatcly  contribute  to  their  comfor^ 
is  particularly  attended  to. 

At  the  Connecticut  Iletreat,  of  253  recent  cases,  230  wore  cnred^ 
a  ratio  of  a  little  less  than  91  per  cent  Of  )i63  old  cased,  C2  were 
reocvered. 

The  medical  visitors  in  their  annual  report,  remarks :  **  Ko  pub^ 
lie  institutiim  of  Europe,  whose  reports  we  have  seen,  claims  to 
have  cured  over  71  per  cent,  of  recent  cases,  and  they  average 
leas  than  40  in  all. 

TliiB  institution  reports  cures  of  about  01  per  cent,  of  recejfit^ 
easeSi  and  an  avemge  of  51  of  all. 

**  We  are  perfectly  satistied  that  under  the  present  benevolent 
«nd  enlightened  policy,  no  institution  in  the  country  can  exceed 
this,  in  tho  cumfort  and  contentment  of  its  inmates,  or  in  the  proa» 
pectafijrded  for  the  restoration  of  diseased  ihtellecta.   *    *    * 
16 


lU 

We  have  witnessed  in  oar  Qdonthlj.yiBitB  to  this  institotiou,  the 
influence  of  kindness,  sjmpaliiy  and  affection  in  soothing  the  ra- 
vings of  the  furious,  in  encouraging  the  hopes  of  the  desponding, 
and  arousing  the  melancholic  from  his  gloomy  musings— we  have 
seen  the  mind  emerging  from  the  clouds  which  enveloped  it,  and 
by  degrees  assuming  its  empire,  till  at  last  reason  has  been  con- 
firmed and  all  the  hidden  attributes  of  intellect  brought  out  and 
displayed  in  tlieir  native  strength  and  lustre.        «        «        • 

The  benevolent  mind  cannot  contemplate  without  horror,  the 
possibility  of  a  recurrence  of  the  old  system  of  management,  in 
which  the  whip  was  the  incentive  of  action,  and  the  damp  and 
dreary  dungeon  was  the  abode  alike  of  the  maniac  and  the  con- 
vict. The  law  of  kindness  is  the  most  effectual  control  for  mental 
x>r  moral  alienation. 

The  system  of  government  adopted  in  this  institution  is  truly 
parental.  No  violence  is  permitted,  and  no  restraints  allowod[^  but 
fluch  as  are  necessary  for  the  welfare  of  the  patient 

At  the  Lunatic  Hospital  in  Worcester,  more  than  80  per  cent 
of  recent  cases  are  entirely  cured,  and  of  the  old  cases,  27  per 
cent.,  being  about  54  per  cent  in  all ;  a  result  truly  gratifying. 

In  their  report  made  several  years  ago,  the  trustees  say ;  ^^  But 
however  deeply  all  our  better  feelings  may  be  moved  by  the  re- 
flection that  many  of  our  fellow  beings  under  the  auspicious  in- 
fluence of  this  institution  have  already  been  restored  to  reason 
And  returned  to  bless  their  families  and  friends,  who  under  the 
former  coercive  system  of  treatment,  would  have  mourned  their 
lives  "  without  hope,"  yet  under  die  ameliorated  condition  of 
such  as  have  not  yet  recovered,  the  trustees  regard  as  a  subject  of 
equal  congratulation  among  men,  and  gratitude  to  JBCeaven. 

No  one  who  has  not  actually  seen  from  time  to  time  the  inmates 
.of  the  hospital,  can  comprehend  the  extent  of  the  change  which 
hBB  taken  place  in  every  external  indication  that  makes  tihe  physi- 
.pal  and  moral  condition  of  a  human  being. 

Many  who  in  their  paroxysms  used  formerly  to  wound  and  lac 
jtr^tQ  themselves  to  a  degree  that  threatened  life  itself,  now  lia* 


U5 

l:uitaan7  iQcreMe  nn  prdioarj  pradeDoe  iu  avoiding  ilia  oommoa« 
causes  of  anoyance  or  accident.  Not  leas  than  one  hundred  o{ 
these  brought  to  the  hospital,  seemed  to  regard  hnman  beinga  as 
their  enemies,  and  tbear  first  impulse  was  to  assail  them  with  0pea 
or  disguised  force.  Kow  onlj,  twelve  offer  any.  viplenee.  Of  the 
Ibrty  persons  who  formerly  divested  themselvsis  of  olothin^^  ev^en 
in  the  xnoet  inclement  season  of  the  year,  only  e^ht  now  do  it-^. 
Throngh'all  the  galleries,  tiiere  is  far  less  susceptibility  to  e9;cite* 
i^ent,  more  gratitude,  more  civility  and  kindness  exercised  to- 
wards each  other.  The  w;ailing  of  the  desponding,  and  the  ra* 
Ting  of  the  frantic  wefe  djspel^^d.  i       ^   ) 

The  internal  change  is  legible  on  the  countenance.  With  Hkp 
insane  it  is  emphatically  true  that  the  dark  shadows  of  the  n^nd 
i|re. projected  on  the  face,  hence  from  the  alteration  tbat  has  in 
:f;nany  instances  occurred  in  the  outer  aspect,  amounting  to  almost 
a  change  in  identity,  there  may  be  inferred  a  corresponding  alter- 
ation of  the  condition  within.  The  deep  lines  of  anguish  have 
been  obliterated  or  spftened,  whose  sharp  engravings  were  begpn 
many  years  ago  in  despair. 

The  wide  circle  and  heart  sickening  variety  of  horrors,  exhibited 
by  the  inmates  of  our  inslitutions  when  first  brought  together,  as 
though  every  region  of  the  "dark  immense"  of  insanity  haid  seni 
a  representative  of  its  terrors,  have  been  gradually  reduced  in  ex- 
tent, and  mitigated  in  quality. 

If  the  erroneous  action  of  the  mifid  has  not  been  rectified,  thd 
dreadful  emotions  that  once  accompanied  and  aggravated  its  move- 
laimfs  have  been  dispel)^^  and  they  are  now siicoeed#S'%y  mild* 
•r  tod  more  peaeeJTiiliietttiiieiit^ 

I  Happily  the  fe^figs;  and  emolSi^ni  may  U  diy^st^d  of  dtoir 
pain  and  error  even  after  the  intellect  has  forever  lost  !to  pim^ 
Kof  diati]>g«iih]|ig:tbs  tmAfmm.  tfae^llUaeiaite  ideas  iaik4ritier- 
oeptions.  »     . »  .      .  .;, 

^,  The,«yfltem  of  tr^a|[;n^^t  &em  which  the  fp^^gomg  resnljta  hfive 
been  realized,  has  been  a  coptipi^^  ende^Yor  ^  preserve  i^o^fj^eif 
^|[dish:the.  b.9dily  health  of  thq  patient,  |>j  9arefid.  att^pt^^^  to 


efeftnlioesa,  exercise,  fiir  a^rd  stiitable  diet  It  luu  been  the  care 
of  all  those  engaged  in  administering  the  dailj  affaira  of  the  io» 
slitation,  to  exclode  as  far  as  possible  all  causes  of  mental  disqni- 
etnde,  by  snbstitoting  persnasion  for  force,  hj  practicing  foi  bear- 
ance,  and  all  the  nameless  offices  of  humanity,  and  by  imbning 
ih  ererj  practicable  \ray,  the  mind  of  the  patient  wifli  a  ne«r  act 
of  pleasing,  cheerftil,  graceful  and  benerolent  emotions.  In  fine, 
die  whole  scheme  of  moral  treatment  is  embodied  in  a  single  idea 
humanity — the  law  of  love — that  sympathy  which  sppro- 
priates  another's  conciousness  of  pain,  and  makes  it  a  per^ 
sonal  relief  from  suffering  whenever  anochers  »uJrerflig\i  are  re- 
Beted;* 

Hie  only  remaining  point  which  the  committee  wish  to  consider 
IS,  whether  a  state  institution  of  this  character  can  be  founded  at 
an  expenditure  commensurate  with  its  advantages,  and  which  wilt 
afford  a  grateful  instance,  instead  of  a  mortifying  subject  for  future 
reflection. 

The  hospital  at  Worcester  was  established  at  the  sole  expenaci 
vf  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  and  is  at  the  ]  resent  time  a  glori- 
ous monumoptof  the  liberah'ty  and  philanthropy  of  that  commons 
wealth.  It  was  the  first  asylum  for  the  insane  pauper  of  tlie  Uui? 
ted  States,  and  on  account  of  its  wonderful  success,  its  widely  ex^ 
tended  benefits  and  coiuparatively  moderate  expense^  deeervesi  ia 
the  opinion  of  this  committee,  to  be  held  up  as  a  model  'for  our 
imita^iop. 

.  Thd  fommiitM  fipd  tht^^  foUowiog  published  accomtt  of  tlm 
Worcester  Asylum.  Hi  consictSrOf  ajoep^ter  Iwilding  and  %vim 
It'yfVn  Xbe  o^nteir  b^i^ing  ia  76  feeft  l^ng^  aad  40  i^t  widf^lQid 
^pirat^ea  high, 

'  1|i#  winfs  are  eaeh  9^feet  Ibng  in  front  aiid  100  f«^  In  rear^  M 
feet  wide,  and  three  stories  high. 

'  ""They  are  in  the  ^ame  Kne,  extending  from  right  and  left  fity«9 
the  tippdnte  end*  of  the  center  building, 
fhe  l^nt  €ft  the  center  building  projects  23  itcet  forward  of  the 


.117 

trout  of  til 0  wiogs.  The  wings  being  36  foot  wide,  half  their 
width  joiaa  upon  tlie  oenter  building  and  Imlf  falls  io  the  rear. 

*  ♦  *  The  cellar  extends  under  the  whole  edifice.  The 
bASomonI  storj  of  the  center  building  is  designed  for  store  roomS) 
a  kitchen,  laundrji  &c. 

The  front  part  of  the  second  storj  contains  four  rooms  of  poo- 
venient  size,  which,  with  the  chambers  immediatelj  over  then, 
and  the  small  sleeping  apartments  into  which  the  fourth  sloxy  ia 
divided,  are  intended  for  the  superintendent  and  his  family,  the 
domestics  and  laborers.  As  this  portion  of  the  hospital  is  to  be 
used  in  the  same  way  as  an  ordinary  dwelling  housoi  it  is  jGLaial^ed 
in  the  same  manner.  The  rear  of  the  first,  seoond  and  third  sto- 
.ries  ef  the  center  building  is  deaigued  for  dining  and  day  ^ooms  of 
the  insane. 

The  wing3  are,  in  each  story,  divided  in  the  center  by  a  long 
hall,  or  aisle,  12  feet  in  width,  and  extending  from  end  to  end.  In 
consequence  of  the  wings'  falling  half  their  width,  as  before  men- 
tioned in  the  rear  of  the  centre  building,  these  halls  compauni^te 
at  both  ends,  with  the  external  air,  and  thus  the  means  of  a  moat 
thorough  ventilation  are  secured.  On  each  side  of  these  halls  are 
situated  the  apartments  designed  for  the  insane.  They  aire  8  feat 
b;^  10,  and  are  provided  with  a  permanent  seat  secured  in  t)ie 
wall.  Each  apartment  has  a  large  window  with  an  upper  sash  of 
cast  iron  and  lower  sash  of  ^ood,  both  of  which  are  glazed. 

Immediately  without  the  wooden  sash  is  a  false  sash  of  cast  irQn 
corresponding  with  the  wooden  one  in  appearanoe  and  dimbenaioa^. 
This  is  set  firmly  into  the  sides  of  the  window  frame,  a  nanro^ 
space  being  left  at  the  bottom  for  wa,ter  to  pass  off  and.  save  the 
ivamo  from  decay.  When  the  wooden  sash  is  raised,  the  ,  falds^p 
iron  ono  preaonts  a  barrier  against  escape  or  injury  from  leapii^g 
out  through  the  windoWr  It  is  said  that  a  man,  ho>wevor  furioualy 
.mad'or.  impatient  of  confinement  he  may  be,  will  rarely  attf^qif^ 
to  break  through  a  window  until  he  has  first  tried  unsuccessfuUy 
to  raise  it. 

Jfitbeao^  thja  simple  «(m|rivf^cewUL  afford  effee^laaf^l^ 


118 

l)oth  to  property  and  person,  without  inflicting  npon  the  patient 
any  injurious  restraint.  Each  of  these  apartments  is  provided 
with  two  air  flues,  one  for  heated  the  other  for  cold  air.  It  is  in- 
tended to  warm  the  wings  by  furnaces  placed  in  the  cellar.  The 
hot  air  is  to  be  conducted  from  the  furnaces  through  flues  in  the 
Hall's  walls,  and  to  be  discharged  through  apertures  into  the  halls. 
By  these  means  the  air  in  the  halls  may  be  raised  throughout  to 
any  desirable  temperature.  Over  the  door  of  each  apartment, 
thera  is  a  small  aperture  through  which  the  heated  air  in  the  halls 
will  pass  into  the  rooms  and  thence  will  be  carried  off  into  the 
attic  by  means  of  the  hot  air  flue  of  the  room.  The  aperture  of 
this  flue  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  room,  and  is  to  be  kept  open  only 
in  the  winter.  The  aperture  of  the  other  flue  is  at  the  top  of  the 
room,  and  is  to  be  kept  open  in  the  summer,  so  that  as  the  air  is 
made  light  by  heat,  it  will  rise  and  pass  off  through  the  channel, 
and  the  cool  air  from  without  will  rush  in  to  snpply  its  place. 

All  these  flues  open  into  the  attic,  which  is  ventilated  by  sky- 
lights fn  the  root  and  large  fan  windows  at  the  ends.  At  the  end 
of  the  wings  where  they  join  on  and  are  connected  with  the  rear 
part  of  :ho  center  buildings,  the  halls  open  into  the  dining  and  day 
rooms,  before  mentioned,  in  the  center  building.  These  rooms 
are  fitted  up  with  the  same  means  of  strength  and  security  as 
are  provided  for  the  apartments  in  the  wings,  and  being  directly 
connected  with  the  hall,  are  to  be  warmed  from  them.  Tlie  din- 
ing rooms,  occupying  the  rear  of  the  first,  second,  and  third  stories 
of  the  center  building,  are  of  course  situated  immediately  over  a 
portion  of  the  kitchen. 

Adjoining  these  rooms  a  perpendicular  space  is  left  open  from 
the  kitchen  to  the  third  story,  through  which,  by  means  of  an 
apparatus  similar  to  a  windlass,  and  called  a  dumb  waiter,  the 
food  can  be  raised  from  the  kitchen  and  distributed  to  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  persons,  in  six  diffidrent  divisions,  without  incon- 
venience. 

Each  story  in  the  wings  is  provided  with  a  bathing  room^ 
'vraBbing  room,  A;c.    The  large  windows  at  each  end  t>t  the  hall 


119 

are  protected  by  an  opeu  frame  work  of  iron.  Each  hall  ha0  a 
separate  stairway,  leading  into  an  ontor  yard,  so  that  each  story 
in  each  wing  is  entirely  disconnected  from  all  others,  as  if  it  were 
a  separate  bnilding.  This  allows  that  separation  and  classification 
of  the  patients  on  which  all  treatises  upon  the  means  of  restoring 
the  insane  so  strennonsly  insist." 

The  commissioners  to  erect  this  hospital,  state  in  their  report 
that  the  preparation  of  the  grounds,  the  excavation  and  stoning  of 
the  cellar,  making  roads,  and  the  complete  construction  of  the 
bnildings  including  all  labor  and  materials,  was  accomplished  at 
a!n  expense  of  a  little  less  than  24,000  dollars. 

Tour  committee,  aided  by  a  gentleman  of  this  town  well  aq-^ 
quainted  with  building,  have  made  an  estimate  of  the  expense  of 
erecting  an  asylum  in  this  State,  upon  the  plan  of  that  at  Worces- 
ter, with  the  following  result : 

The  calculation  is  made  for  walls  of  stone  two  feet  thick  in  the 
lower  story,'  diminishing  2  inches  in  each  a33ending  story,  and  the 
cellar  wall  of  two  and  one-half  feet  thick. 

Excavation  and  stoning  cellar,  inclnding  whole  fonndation  and 
door  steps,  -.-.-,  $2000 

Stonework,  -  -  -  -  -  9270 

Timber,  .-.-..     lOOO 

Boards, 1600 

Shingles,  -  -  -  -  -  -       300 

Doors  and  windows,  -  -  -  -  1500 

'  Nails,  door-hinges,  and  trimmings,      -  -  -       800 

Plastering,  .....  600 

Carpenter  and  joiner  work,      ...  -     2500^ 

Furnaces.    -..-•-  1000 

Cast  iron  casements,    -----     1900* 

Painting, *-  860 

Total, $22820 

The  above  estimate  may  not  be  entirely  eerreet  in  erery  pttrtie*- 
nlw ;  bat  the  committee  ore  eonfident  the  ezpenie  will  not  exceed 
the  above  estimate. 


120 

Tonr  coromitUe  bolieye  that  the  expenditure  of  thia  turn  of 
inonej  is  warranted  upon  manj  consideratioDS.  There  are,  how- 
erer,  three  principal  points  of  view,  in  which  the  establlshmeat 
of  an  insane  asylum  should  be  regarded. 

1.  As  a  curative  institntiony  restoring  those  entrusted  to  its 
4^arge  to  the  exercise  of  reason,  and  to  their  duties  in  society. 

8.  The  inflaence  of  such  an  institution  in  diminishing  the  amount 
of  public  suffering,  by  alleviating  the  condition  of  the  insane  in* 
unites,  who  are  beyond  the  reach  of  successful  med:catioD|  aud 
removing  the  anxiety  and  distress  of  their  friends. 

8.  As  a  place  of  cnstody  for  those  endangering  the  lives  and 
safety  of  the  community  and  theirK>wn  persons. 

Not  only  so,  but  your  committee  believe  that  our  insane  can  be 
flupported  at  an  asylum,  at  a  cost  below  their  present  expenae  to 
the  community. 

Instead,  therefore,  of  a  hospital  being  a  tax  upon  tbo  public,  it 
will  be  most  desirable  as  an  economical,  money  saving  establish- 
ment, without  looking  to  any  benefits  of  cure,  amelioration,  or 
safety. 

If  it  be  regarded  that  each  one  of  those  insane  who  is  so  situfr- 
ted  as  to  have  others  dependent  upon  him  for  support,  is  of  ne- 
oessity  compelled  to  transfer  the  burden  to  the  public,  thereby  in- 
cidentally increasing  the  cost  of  insanity  to  the  people,  and  if  it 
be  also  considered  that  the  burden  of  years  must  be  expected 
from  the  hopelessness  of  cure  which  would  be  to  a  great  extent 
removed  by  tlie  curative  influence  of  an  asylum,  there  can  be  lit- 
tle doubt  of  the  correctness  of  this  conclusion. 

There  is  still  another  consideration  which  your  committee  would 
be  very  loth  to  see  overlooked ;  namely,  the  purchase  of  sufiScient 
land  to  relieve  the  asylum  from  that  embarrassment  which  some 
of  the  institutions  in  the  older  states  have  experienced.  They 
feel  tliat  this  is  one  of  the  surest  means  of  removing  any  appre* 
iiensiou  that  an  asylum  would  bo  an  additional  expense  to  the  pul^- 
lie,  above  Aq  eost  of  erection  and  commeDcemenl. 

An  asylum  ftimisbed  with  proper  facilities  fur  the  enipbf  meai 


m 

^{  ikt  inmatesi  oaoi  to  a  coneiderablo  extent,  be  made  self-sap- 
porting.  Experience  shows  that  nearly  one-half  of  the  inmates 
of  erk^Tj  asjlum  are  not  qnlj  capable  of  productive  labor,  but 
that  sncb  labor  is  of  immense  consequence  as  regards  cure. 

The  committee  beg  leave  to  refer  to  the  opinions  of  two  genUe- 
meii  Qii  this  subject,  who  have  had  great  experience  in  the  man- 
i|gement  of  the  insane. 

Dr,  Lee,  superintendent  of  the  asylum  at  Charlestown,  says : — 
**  Almost  every  writer  upon  the  treatment  of  the  insane,  has  spoken 
apon  the  advantage  of  occupation  and  labor  as  contributing  to 
their  recovery,  and  yet  the  institutions  of  this  country,  are  very 
deficient  in  the  means  for  affording  it.  No  one  ocght  to  have  less 
than  fifty,  and  an  institution  established  by  the  State  oug^t  not  to 
have  less  than  one  hundred  acres  of  land,  and  even  that  number 
would  probably  be  too  small,  should  there  be  one  hundred  and 
fifby  patients. 

Pasture^  meadow  and  tillage  land  should  be  had  in  abundance. 
Tlie  farm  should  be  well  stocked ;  cattle,  sheep  and  swine  raised 
for  the  use  of  the  institution,  should  be  fed  from  the  produce  of 
the  farm  ;  corn,  potatoes,  and  all  kinds  of  grain,  &c.,  should  be 
raised  by  the  labor  of  the  patients.  This  is  not  all ;  there  should 
be  dairy  rooms,  workshops  and  storehouses,  all  arranged  for  the 
particufar  object  of  employing  them      *  *  »  * 

I  confidently  anticipate  the  time  when  all  these  things  will  be 
performed  in  our  insane  asylums,  and  when  arrangements  for  such 
labor  will  be  considered  as  indispensable  as  the  strong  rooms  and 
straight  waistcoats  for  the  refractory  have  been  in  time  past. 

In  the  institution  in  which  I  have  had  the  honor  to  preside,  we 
have,  within  the  last  eight  months,^  illustrated  in  our  experience 
not  only  the  practicability,  butgreat  utility  of  labor.        *  * 

The  occupation  should  be  as  constant  and  as  varied  as  possible, 
and  the  time  will  come,  when  to  allow  a  man  to  indulge  his  reve- 
ries iu  idleness  until  he  has  sunk  in  a  state  of  confirmed  insanity, 
will  be  considered,  as  it  deserves  to  be,  a  gross  neglect  of  duty. 

The  order  of  the  day  is  onward.    Our  old  institutions  must  and 

18 


123 

will  provide  the  means  for  facilitatiDg  the  employment  of  their 
patients,  and  if  with  all  the  light  and  knowledge  which  can  now 
be  obtained,  onr  legislatures  neglect  to  provide  these  facilities, 
they  will  inflict  a  sore  evil  npon  humanity. 

Doctor  Woodward,  of  the  Worcester  asylum,  remarks : 

^^  I  do  most  anxiously  wish  that  one  institution  maybe  estab- 
lished in  this  country,  in  which  the  benefits  of  labor,  both  as  a 
restorative,  and  in  a  pecuniary  point  of  view,  may  be  fairly  tried. 
*  *  *    Give  us  the  means  for  the  employment  of  the 

insane,  on  lards  and  in  shops,  and  I  think  we  will  exhibit  results 
which  will  gratify  the  public.  *  *    An  institution  of 

the  character  of  this  will  always  have  a  number  of  working  men 
in  it,  and  they  are  always  disposed  to  labor  when  permitted.  Shut 
up  in  the  halls,  they  are  often  unhappy,  discontented,  and  trouble- 
some. Sufiered  to  go  into  the  fields  and  garden,  and  join  in  the 
labors  of  the  season,  they  will  be  cheerful,  pleasant  and  healthful. 

Patients  duly  appreciate  the  confidence  thus  reposed  in  tbem^ 
and  bring  into  requisition  all  their  powers  of  self  control,  to  show 
that  confidence  has  not  been  misplaced.  Appetite  and  sleep  are 
promoted  by  labor,  the  physical  powers  become  renovated,  and 
the  prospect  of  care  is  grealy  increased.  I  am  confident,  with 
suitable  moral  management,  labor  is  the  best  means  of  restoring 
chronic  cases  to  health  and  mental  soundness.  Convalescents  are 
also  particularly  benefitted  by  labor.  When  the-  excitement  of 
disease  wears  away,  and  the  mind  becomes  capable  of  rational  re- 
fiection,  the  subject  of  employment  is  first  adverted  to,  tl^e  animal 
powers  feel  the  need  of,  and  demand  active  exertion.  *  Qive  me 
something  to  do,'  is  the  universal  request  of  this  cIsbs  of  patients.'' 

Believing  that  duty,  no  less  than  justice,  mercy,  and  true  econ- 
omy, demand  the  establishment  of  an  asylum,  the  committee  re- 
port the  accompanying  bill. 

D.  s.  vrrruM, 

A.  M.  BLAIR, 

OHAS.  A.  ELDEIDGE. 


CHAPTER  59. 

,     AN  ACT  to  provide  far  a  State  lunatic  Aaylvm.^ 

Published  April  15, 1854. 

The  people  of  the  State  of  Wiscormr^  repreeented  in  Senate 
and  Assembly^  do  enact  <is  follovye  : 

SEcmoH  1.  The  governor  is  hereby  authorized,  and  it  shall  be  hiB 
duty,  to  appoint  a  board  of  commissionerfi,  consisting  of  three  per- 
gbns,  to  select  and  purchase  a  suitable  tract  of  land  containing  not 
loss  than  one  hundred  nor  more  than  two  hundred  acres,  for  the 
location  of  a  State  Lunatic  Asylum :  Provided^  That  if  a  site  for 
such  asylum  suitable  for  that  purpose  in  the  opinion  of  the  gover- 
nor, and  containing  not  less  than  one  hundred  acres,  shall  be  do- 
nated for  that  purpose,  or  can  be  purchased  for  a  sum  not  exceed- 
ing fifteen  hundred  dollars,  then  such  asylum  shall  be  located  at, 
or  in  the  vicinity  of,  the  village  of  Madison,  in  Dane  county. 

Sbo.  2.  The  conveyance  of  said  land  shall  be  to  the  state  of 
Wisconsin,  in  fee  simple,  clear  of  all  incumbrances,  and  on  the  ex- 
ecution and  delivery  of  said  conveyance,  said  commissioners  be- 
ing satisfied  that  no  incumbrance  exists  on  said  land,  shall  dra^n^ 
their  order  on  the  State  Treasurer  for  the  amount  of  the  purchase 
money ;  which  order  shall  be  approved  by  the  governor  and  coun- 
tersigned by  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  paid  by  the  said  treasurer 
out  of  any  money  appropriated  by  this  act,  not  exceeding  fifteen 
hundred  dollars. 

' '  Sec.  3.  The  said  commissioners  are  hereby  further  authorized, 
^th  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  governor,  to  cause  to  be  erected 


124 

apon  the  gronnds  purchased  for  that  purpose,  snitablo  bnildings 
for  the  use  and  accommodation  of  said  institotiun,  which  shall 
hereafter  be  called  and  koown  bj  tlie  name  of  the  Wisconfiioi 
State  Lunatic  Aaj'lam ;  and  also  to  make  such  other  improvements 
upon  and  about  the  grounds,  as  thej  may  think  expedient  and 
proper. 

Sec.  4.  Such  buildings  shall  be  constructed  in  accordance  with  the 
plan  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  as  recommended  by 
the  committee  in  their  report  to  the  senate :  Provided,  That  said 
commissioners  shall  have  power  to  make  any  alterations  tiierein 
which  thej  maj  think  necessary,  and  which  will  not  materiallj 
change  said  plan,  or  increase  the  cost  of  said  building. 

Sac  5*  The  governor  is  hereby  authorized  to  fill  any  vacancy  in 
said  board  of  commissioners,  which  may  occur  by  reason  of  deaths 
resignation,  or  refusal  to  act,  and  also  to  appoint  a  snperintend^il 
ot  said  asylum,  who  shall  be  a  well  educated  physician,  and  who 
shall  hold  said  appointment  for  the  term  of  three  years,  and  until 
his  successor  is  appointed  and  qualified,  unless  sooner  rouioved  bj 
the  govemon 

Sxa  6.  Such  superintendent  shall  by  yirtoe  of  bis  office  be  seo- 
retary  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  and  shall,  beforo  Altering 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office,  execute  a  bond,  payable  to  the  State 
of  Wisconsin,  in  such  sum  and  with  such  sureties  as  the  governor 
may  require  and  approve;  which  bond  shall  be  filed  in  the  office 
of  the  secretary  of  state,  and  shall  be  conditioned  for  a  faithful  dis- 
charge of  all  the  duties  required  of  him  by  law.  It  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  said  superintendent  under  the  direction  of  the  board 
ot  commissioners,  to  superintend  the  erection  of  all  buildings  and 
the  making  of  all  improvenaente  authorized  by  the  law.  He  shall 
also  collect  such  information  in  relation  to  similar  institutions  ae 
he  may  tliink  proper,  and  lay  the  same  before  the  board  of  com- 
mission  ers. 

Seo.  7.  As  soon  as  the  site  for  such  asylum  shall  be  conveyed  to 
the  atatOi  the  board  of  commissioners  shall  immedia^ly  publish  a 
notice  in  at  least  six  newspapers  in  tlus  state  and  for  aix  weeks  eoo^. 


129 

c^sfvely,  that  seaTod  proposals  will  be  received  by  them  for  fuj^- 
nishing  materials  and  doing  the  work,  fur  the  erection  of  the  asy-" 
lum  building,  or  such  portion  thereof  as  the  commissiontoM  may 
deem  it  advitrable  to  have  erected,  specifying  in  snch  notic^  parti- 
cularly the  manner  and  time  of  the  making  and  babmltting  of 
inch  proposals,  and  they  shall  award  contracts  fbrsoch  matetifds 
and  work  to  the  lowest  bidders  therefor.  With  the  advice  and 
oonsent  of  the  governor,  they  shall  <}etermine  the  tlmi^,  the  man* 
ner,  and  order  in  wMch  the  erection  of  all  the  buildings  and  woilt 
contemplated  by  tlib  act  shall  be  commenced,  prosecuted,  and 
complete,  and  adopt  all  necessary  regulations  therefor,  not  incon- 
sistent with  this  act. 

8so.  8.  Every  account  for  work  done,  matei'iaTs  furnisheiTi'  ser- 
vices ]>erformed,  or  expenses  incurred  in  or  about  such  asylum, 
shall  be  made  out  against  the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum, 
and  shall  contain  a  particular  specification  of  each  item  thereof, 
and  when  so  made  out  shall  be  filed  with  the  superintendent  of 
said  asylum,  who  shall  record  the  same  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for 
that  purpose,  after  which  tixe  same  shall  be  laid  before  the  board 
of  commissioners  for  their  allowance.  Upon  being  satisfied  of  the 
correctness  of  such  account,  said  board  shall  allow  and  certify  the 
same  to  the  secretary  of  state,  who  shall  audit  and  direct  the  state 
treasurer  to  pay  the  amount  thereof  out  of  the  appropriation  made 
by  this  act,  and  the  state' treasurer  shall  pay  the  same  and  take  re- 
ceipts therefor  in  the  same  manner  other  appropriations  are  paid. 

8eo.  9.  The  said  superintendent  is  hereby  authorized  to  receive 
subscriptions  and  donations  for  the  purposes  contemplated  by  this 
Mt 

8£0. 10.  The  aforesaid  commissioners  shall  serve  as  such  for  the 
term  of  one  year,  unless  sooner  lemoved  by  the  governor,  and  be- 
fore enteting  upon  the  duties  of  their  offices,  shall  take  an  oath  to 
fiiithfully  perform  all  the  duties  required  of  them  by  this  act.  They 
•hall  hold  btated  meetings  at  least  once  a  month,  and  as  much  of- 
tener  as  bubiness  shall  require,  at  tlie  office  of  the  superiutendent| 
er  such  ether  place  as  they  may  appoint  They  shall  keep  a  record 


of  their  procceedingSj  and  shall  report  the  same  to  the  logl^Iature 
at  the  next  session  thereof,  and  sball  receive  two  and  a-half  dollars 
per  daj,  while  necessarily  employed  about  the  business  of  said 
asylum. 

Sbo.  11.  The  aforesaid  superintendent  shall  receive  twelve  hun- 
dred dollars  for  the  first  year's  service,  and  th^^after  such  sum  a^ 
the  legislature  shall  designate. 

Sbo.  12.  There  is  hereby  appropriated  out  of  the  state  treasury 
the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dcllars^  for  the  purpose  of  defraying 
the  expenses  incurred  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Ssa  13.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in  force  from  and  after 
its  passage  and  publication. 

Approved  March  $0, 18&4. 


'♦Q." 


ANNUAL  REPOBT  OF  THE  GOMMISSIONISS 


or  THB 


WISCONSIN  STATE  LUNATIC  ASYLOM. 


FOR  THE  YEAB  1854. 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONERS, 


To  Hia  EsDcellenoy^  the  Governor^  and  the  Honorable  ZegUlature : 
The  Commissioners  of  the  Wisconsin  State  LuuHtic  Asjlum, 
pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  law,  make  the  following 

REPORT: 

Immediately  upon  the  adjournment  of  the  last  legislature,  they 
entered  upon  the  discharge  of  their  duties  as  such  Commissioners. 
And  first,  the  selection  of  a  site  upon  which  to  erect  the  buildings 
of  the  Institution.  Aware  how  important  an  Influence  the  location 
of  this  hospital,  and  its  construction  and  general  arrangemens, 
would  have  upon  the  mental  and  physical  well  being  of  those  who . 
were  shortly  to  become  its  occupants ;  the  Com  mission  e  is  have  in 
nearly  every  particular  been  glided  by  the  experience  of  those 
who  have  been  long  familiar  with  tho  subject,  and  who  are  ac- 
quainted with  the  defects  as  well  as  the  advanta;<es  of  a  majority 
of  American  Asylums.  Dr.  Kirkbride,  in  an  ably  written  article 
upon  '^  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,"  says :  ^'  When  it  has  been  deter- 
mined tb  erect  an  hospital,  the  first  object  to  be  attended  t)  is  the 
selection  of  a  suitable  site  for  the  buildings.  The  utmost  caution 
should  be  observed  in  taking  this  step,  on  which  may  depend,  to 
n<^  small  extent,  the  future  character  and  usefulness  of  the  insti- 
tolioa ;  for  the  beet  style  of  building,  and  the  most  liberal  organi- 
zalioB,caa  never  fully  compensate  for  the  loss  sustained  by  a' 
looatitiD  that  deprires  the  p»tients  of  many  valuable  privileges^ 
or  subject  tbem  to  varisd  annoyances." 

IT 


130 

Maoy  sites  were  offered  to  the  Commissioners  bj  citizens  of 
Madison,  and  other  sections  of  the  State,  a  fall  account  of  which  is 
given  in  the  Superintendent's  Report.  After  a  careful  and  scruti- 
nizing examination  of  the  various  localities,  the  Commissioners 
selected  the  lands  offered  by  Ex-Governor  Farwell,  upon  the  north 
shore  of  Lake  Mendota,  in  the  town  of  Westport,  about  six  miles 
from  the  Capitol  square.  This  site  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
that  can  be  imagined,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Commissioners, 
possesses  every  necessary  requisite  for  such  an  institution.  It  is 
in  a  healthy,  pleasant  and  fertile  region  of  country ;  the  land  is 
of  a  good  quality  and  easily  tilled,  and  the  neighborhood  is  re- 
plete with  objects  of  an  interesting  character.  While  the  Asylum 
will  be  retired,  and  its  privacy  fully  secured,  views  from  it  will 
exhibit  life  in  its  active  form,  and  the  stirring  objects  of  a  busy 
town.  The  tract  embraces  one  hundred  and  four  acres,  in  which 
there  is  a  due  proportion  of  wood  and  tillable  land.  A  supply  of 
water  can  be  obtained  from  the  lake,  and  the  facilities  for  drainage 
are  abundant.  Tlie  general  character  of  the  land  is  such,  as  will 
admit  of  a  high  degree  of  tasteful  and  agreeable  improvement. 

The  Commissioners  feel  that  they  would  not  be  doing  justice  to 
Governor  Farwell,  if  they  should  neglect  to  remind  the  legisla- 
ture of  his  public  spirit  and  liberality,  made  so  apparent,  by  his 
deeding  to  the  State,  this  tract  of  land  for  the  nominal  sum  of 
fifteen  hundred  dollars,  while  the  real  value  thereof,  is  not  less 
than  six  thousand  dollars.  The  Commissioners  are  also  under 
many  obligations  to  him  for  valuable  suggestions,  during  the  pro- 
gress of  their  business. 

The  fourth  section  of  the  "  act  to  provide  for  a  State  Lunatic 
Asylum,"  is  as  follows  : 

"  Such  buildiugs  shall  be  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  plan 
of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  as  recommended  by  the 
Committee  in  their  Report  to  the  Senate.  Provided,  Thatasid 
Commissioners  shall  have  power  to  make  any  altarationa  iheroiii 
which  they  may  think  necessary,  and  whicdi  will  not  materiaUy 
change  said  plan,  or  increase  the  cost  of  UM  biuldioga."  .   i  . 


181 

'  One  of  the  commissioDers  was  delegated  in  the  early  part  of  tLe 
9W8011  to  visit  the  Worcester  Hospital ;  and  he  >ya8  there  and  else- 
where advised  by  scientific  physicians  that  the  Worcester  Hospi- 
tal had  not  only  ceased  to  be  a  model  institution,  but  had  fallen 
into  the  rear  rank  of  the  march  of  improvement.  Within  the  last 
iew  years  there  has  been  a  rapid  advance  in  science  as  applied  to 
the  treatment  of  the  insane,  and  it  is  generally  conceded  that  a 
more  convenient  style  of  arcliitectnre,  and  better  arrangements 
than  can  be  found  in  any  ot  the  old  hospitals,  are  indispensable. 
The  trnstees  of  the  Worcester  Hospital  serionsly  contemplate  sell- 
ing out  the  old  buildings  and  erecting  new  ones  upon  another 
site.    They  say : 

^  Tlie  k)caUon  is  such  as  no  one,  at  the  present  time,  wonid  se- 
lect for  each  an  objects  The  land  connected  with  it  is  altogether 
Coo  limited,  is  badly  gitaated,  not  famishing  to  the  patients  that 
freedom  and  exercise  in  the  open  air  which  is  desirable  in  such  an 
iostitotion.  The  hospital  buildings  are  almost  snrrounded  by  city 
residences,  and  are  not  suitable  for  the  nses  to  which  they  are  put. 
They  are  low  studded,  the  stories  being  only  eight  and  a*half,  and 
nine  feet  high  in  the  clear ;  they  are  warmed  by  furnaces  in  the 
basement,  which  are  very  dangerous,  and  now  nearly  worn  out. 
They  haw  already  been  on  fire  at  least  once  from  them.  The 
ventilation  is  so  imperfect  as  not  to  deserve  the  name.  The  venti- 
dncts  are  each  but  four  inches  square,  opening  into  attics,  from 
which  the  foul  air  has  no  means  of  escape.  It  often  ascends 
through  one  ventiduct  but  to  descend  through  another.  But  for 
the  natural  ventilation  through  the  windows  and  doors,  the  con* 
taminated  air  would  be  often  intolerable.  Its  evil  effects  are  plain- 
ly seen  in  the  appearance  of  the  .patients.  The  frequent  occurrence 
of  erysipelas  in  the  hospital  is  but  one  of  its  indices.  The  tables 
of  mortality  sho\i^  that  erysipelas  stands  at  the  head  of  acute  dis* 
^ases  in  fatality  here.  There  is  an  entire  want  of  suitable  yards 
connected  with  the  buildings.  There  are  five  separate  kitchens 
with  all  the  utensils  to  render  them  severally  complete." 

This  being  the  case,  the  cotiimissioners  did  not  think  themseWes 


13> 

authorized  by  the  law  under  which  they  act,  nor  did  thejr  deem  it 
desirable  to  pr(»po6e  a  building  entirely  original  in  its  design,  but 
they  determined  to  act  within  the  scope  of  the  law/  and  to  adopt 
such  improvements  a;)  were  dictated  by  the  experience  of  the  past, 
and  by  the  knowledge  of  those  who  are  familiar  with  the  waota 
and  requirements  of  the  insane.  They  determined  to  carefully 
stndy  tne  existing  institutions  and  if  possible,  to  adopt  all  their 
good  features  and  to  avoid  their  defects. 

With  due  regard  to  economy  in  their  expenditures,  they  were 
desirous  to  erect  an  institution  that  would  most  completely  fulfil 
the  object  of  its  design,  and  ultimately  give  most  satiefaction  to  sa 
enlightened  community. 

For  the  purpose  of  gaining  the  requisite  information  upon  the 
subject,  Hon.  6.  B.  McLane,  Superintendent,  visited  during  tiie 
past  year  nearly  every  hospital  ot  any  note  in  the  Eastern  Statea. 
He  gave  the  subject  a  caretui  and  earnest  examination,  and  laid 
before  the  board  the  result  of  his  investigations,  as  set  forth  in  iiia 
Eeport,  to  which  attention  is  invitedJ 

In  regard  to  principles  which  should  regulate  the  constmction 
asd  vaiied  arrangements  of  hospitals  for  the  insane,  there  is  at 
the  present  day  a  remarkable  unanimity  of  opinion  among  those 
familiar  with  the  subject.  A  series  of  twenty-six  propdtitions  in 
reference  to  their  construction  was  adopted  by  the  ^  Association  of 
Medical  Superintendents  of  American  Institutes  for  the  Insane," 
at  their  meeting  in  Philadelphia,  in  1851,  and  these  propositions 
have  been  recognized  as,  and  are  without  doubt  the  highest  au- 
thority upon  that  subject.  The  plan  adopted  by  the  commission- 
ers is  intended  to  be  in  perfect  accordance  with  the  views  of  that 
association.  It  is  the  plan  matured  by  Dr.  Kirkbride  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania  hospital,  and  approved  by  every  snpeiintendent  in  tiie 
United  States,  and  it  may  be  safely  asserted  diat  if  carried  oat  in 
the  true  spirit  of  enlightened  philanthropy,  it  cannot  fail  to  giYB 
us  an  institution  of  a  high  order,  every  way  superior  to  any  previ- 
ously erected,  and  at  as  small  a  cost  as  can  effect  the  object  de- 
sired.   Pur  a  iuU  and  specific  account  of  the  plan  of  the  boildingB, 


188 

the  ooiDTDissioners  would  refer,  to  the  report  of  the  Bnperintend- 
«nt,  and  also  the  drawings  and  specification  now  in  their  office. 

It  is  gratifying  to  know  that  this  plan  has  received  the  approval 
of  every  well  educated  man,  to  whom  it  has  been  submitted. 

The  commissioners  in  November  last,  had  the  pleasure  of  meet- 
iDg,  in  Madison,  commissioners  from  the  state  of  Maryland,  of 
which  commission  was  the  Hon.  Benj.  0.  Howard,  and  who  were 
Tisiting  different  states,  to  be  made  acquainted  with  the  most  ap- 
proved locations  and  plans  for  insane  asylums,  preparatory  to  the 
location  and  construction  of  an  institution  of  that  order  in  Mary- 
land. They  are  men  of  high  character,  active  benevolence,  and 
scrutinizing  investigation.  They  had  already  visited  most  of  the 
hospitals  in  the  Union,  deemicg  it  indispensable  to  their  duty  in 
view  o)  the  respbnsibie  trust  confided  to  them.  They  vialred  the 
location  selected  by  us,  and  noted  our  plans  of  building,  &c.,  and 
were  pleased  to  accord  their  unqualified  approval  of  the  same,  and 
they  fully  determined  to  adopt  the  plans  of  "The  "Wisconsin  state 
lunatic  asylum,"  without  alteration,  as  a  pattern  for  Maryland. 

The  Wisconsin  state  lunatic  asylum,  when  fully  completed, 
will  accommodate  from  two  hundred  and  fifty  to  three  hundred 
patients,  and  the  cost  of  the  entire  structure  will  be  the  sum  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  But  the  wants  of  the  in* 
sane  in  this  state  may  not  demand  the  expenditure  of  that  amount 
for  many  years.  The  commissioners  deemed  it  to  be  their  duty  to 
provide  accommodations  for  at  least  one  hundred  and  ten  patients, 
as  soon  as  possible,  that  being  the  estimated  number  of  insane  in 
the  state  at  the  present  time.  Therefore,  under  the  provisions  of 
the  act  establishing  the  asylum,  the  board  caused  to  be  publish- 
ed in  the  required  number  of  newspapers  in  the  state,  a  notice, 
stating,  that  sealed  proposals  would  be  received  by  them  for  fur- 
nishing materials  and  doing  the  work  for  the  erection  of  the  build- 
ing of  said  asylum,  or  such  portion  thereof  as  the  commissioners 
ahould  deem  advisable  to  have  erected,  and  that  they  would  award 
.the  contract  to  the  lowest  bid  therefor.  The  contract  was  award- 
ed to  Andrew  Prondfit,  whereih  he  has  agreed  to  complete  the 


184 

main  building  and  two  loogitndinal  and  two  transyeree  wing^ 
within  tlie  year  1855,  two  more  losgitadinal  and  two  more  trant* 
verse  wings  within  the  year  1856,  and  the  remainder  of  said  build- 
ings at  such  reasonable  time  thereafter  as  the  commissioners -may 
direct;  and  for  the  performance  of  liis  agreements  in  the  premi- 
ses, he  has  entered  into  bonds  to  the  state  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  contract  also  provides,  that  as  the  work  pro- 
gresses, estimates  of  materials  furnished  and  work  done  shall  be 
made  monthly  by  the  commiBsioners,  and  eighty  per  cent,  there- 
of allowed  the  contractor,  the  remaining  twenty  per  cent,  to  b©  re- 
tained until  the  completion  of  the  several  sections  of  said  work. 
The  cost  of  the  portion  of  the  building  to  be  completed  in  the 
year  1855,  will  be  $67,743  00.  Tlio  estimate  has  been  made  with 
reference  to  the  bid  of  Mr.  Proudfit,  by  an  able  and  experienced 
architect,  and  the  commissioners  arc  confident  that  such  sura  is 
abundantly  sufficient. 

Mr.  Proudfit  has  gone  vigorously  to  work,  and  is  placing  mate- 
rials upon  the  ground  as  fast  as  possible.  "We  are  informed  by 
him,  that  he  has  already  contracted  for  all  the  stone  necessary  for 
the  main  building  and  two  wings ;  for  all  the  brick,  and  lime  for 
ihe  same,  a  large  amount  of  lumber,  and  has  all  the  machinery 
necessary  for  hoisting  stone  and  other  materials  on  hand,  and 
there  is  no  reasonable  doubt  that  the  work  will  be  completed  ac- 
cording to  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and  perhaps  sooner. 

The  last  legislature  appropriated  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand 
dollars,  which  leaves  $52,743  00  more  to  be  provided,  in  order  to 
complete  the  contract  with  Mr.  Proudfit  for  the  main  building  and 
two  longitudinal  and  two  transverse  wings. 

There  has  already  been  expended  by  the  Board  to  this  date,  a 
sum  very  little  exceeding  five  thousand  dollars. 

We  think  we  are  warranted  in  the  premises,  to  say  that  the  first 
aeetion  of  the  asylum  will  be  completed  and  ready  for  patients 
before  the  meeting  of  the  next  legislature ;  aoditional  enactments 
may  therefore  be  necessary  at  the  present  sesaion,  in  order  to  per* 
fact  the  organization  of  the  institution. 


135 

There  is  in  the  United  States,  no  complete  and  well  constructed 
institntion  of  this  class,  which  has  not  exceeded  in  cost,  the  sum  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  while  many  have  been 
constructed  at  an  expense  of  over  two  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
"MTorcester  asylum  cost  two  hundred  and  eighty  seven  thousand 
dollars;  Taunton  asylum,  just  completed,  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  thousand  dollars,  and  the  state  has  already  authorized,  to  be 
made  to  the  latter,  additional  improvements  at  a  great  outlay ;  so 
true  is  she  to  respond  to  the  calls  of  the  unfortunate  insane.  The 
TJtica  asylum  originally  cost  two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and 
until  recently  has  been  regarded  as  a  model  institution ;  yet  the 
legislature  of  New  York,  with  a  liberality  that  refuses  to  deny  any 
expenditure  that  may  be  necessary  to  render  it  more  perfect  as  an 
instrument  for  accomplishing  the  benevolent  object  of  its  erection, 
have  Mthorized  an  additional  expenditure  of  seventy-five  thou- 
eand  dollars  the  past  season. 

The  Derbyshire  lunatic  asylum,  designed  for  the  accominoda- 
^n  of  three  hundred  patients,  and  completed  in  the  year  1861, 
cost,  including  soventv-nine  acrerf  of  land,  ninety-eight  thousand 
three  hundred  and  ninety  six  pounds  sterling.  The  Birmingham 
Borough  Asylum,  erected  for  three  hundred  patient?,  commenced 
in  1846,  and  completed  in  1850,  cost  seventy-four  thousand  two 
hundred  and  twenty-four  pounds.  Many  more  institutions  of  this 
order  might  be  enumerated,  and  there  can  never  one  be  found  of  any 
considerable  merit,  the  cost  of  which  has  been  ultimately  measured 
by  a  few  thousand  dollars. 

Yarious  reasons  may  be  assigned  for  the  many  imperfection^ 
whidibave  been  long  endured  m  asy lams,  prominent  among 
^hi«h,  is  the  lack  of  confidence  in,  or  the  neglect  ^^to  appeal  to 
the  authority  of  medical  men  who  have  lived  in  asylums  and 
among  the  insane,  and  who  alone  know  what  the  insane  require." 
This  reason,  construed  in  the  fullest  extent,  will  indeed  embrace- 
all  others,  for  the  learned  medical  men  at  the  present  day  are  in* 
tent  upon  progress,  and  untiring  in  their  investigations,  not  only 
traversingtheirhomecontinent  to  find  out  something  good   and 


136 

true  upon  this  subject,  but  they  yisit  their  transatlantic  co-work- 
ers, with  them  to  exchange  and  compare  views,  to  the  end  that 
ignorance  shall  be  no  sin  of  theirs.  Such  medical  men  as  have 
been  quoted  in  the  superintendent's  report,  are  men  of  no  low  no- 
toriety ;  eminent  in  their  profession  they  command  our  highest 
respect,  and  our  position  imperatively  demanded,  that  we  heed 
them  in  their  labor  ot  benevolence.  We  have  done  so— we  could 
not  conscientiously  do  otherwise — to  have  set  adverse  opinions  of 
the  nninformed  against  theirs  would  have  been  such  a  palpable 
error  as  an  enlightened  community  could  never  forgive :  and  the 
just  recompense  of  that  error  could  be  nothing  less  than  an  un- 
qualified verdict  from  yourselves,  that  we  have  been  unfaithful 
servants. 

In  settling  upon  a  plan  for  this  asylum,  the  Oommisstoners  had 
to  decide  whether  they  would  have  constructed  a  building  at  small 
expense,  possessing  very  limited  good  qualities  and  usefulness,  or 
such  a  building,  at  greater  cost,  as  would  meet  the  approbation  of 
those  who  best  know  what  is  needed,  and  which  would  not  be  im- 
mediately obnoxious,  and  subject  to  revision,  change  or  total 
abandonment  We  chose  the  latter,  and  as  yet  have  found  no  just 
cause  to  regret  our  choice. 

In  the  prosecution  of  this  business,  we  have  at  all  times  been 
aided  by  the  Superintendent,  and  to  him  we  must  accord  much, 
for  the  energy  and  faithfulness  which  have  characterized  his  la- 
bors. His  position  in  years  past  hi^ve  been  such,  that  American 
and  Englisth  Journals  of  Insanity,  form  no  inconsiderable  portion 
of  the  reading  matter  of  his  library.  His  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  plans  and  specifications,  and  the  practical  workings  of  a  vyn-^ 
temised  structure,  has  been  to  us  of  great  value,  and  his  energy 
and  ability  have  been  fully  equalled  by  his  uniform  kindness* 

In  conclusion,  the  Commissioners  would  say,  in  the  language  of 
Dr.  Kirkbride,  "The  plan  will  be  found,  it  is  believed,  to  give  at 
as  small  a  cost  as  can  effect  the  object  thoroughly,  what  was  ori- 
ginally [ropcscd  as  desirable  in  a  hospital  for  the  insane,  ample 


187 

provisions  for  ihe  accommodation  of  tho  oflScers  and  all  employed 
«— ever  J  thing  requisite  for  the  custody,  comfort,  and  enlightened 
treatment  of  the  patients — and  arrangements  throughout  that  will 
allow  the  supervision  to  be  thorough  and  effective,  and  the  man- 
agement liberal,  and  at  the  sanie  time  strictly  economieal." 
Madiboh,  January  1, 1855. 

SAM.  G.  BUGH, 
D.  S.  VITTUM, 
AIJ)EN  S.  SANBORN, 
Oommissioncrs  of  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum. 


18 


FIE8T  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT. 


To  the  Commissioners  of  the  Wisconsin  State  lAmatic  Asylum  : 

Gbktlemen  : — In  conformity  with  section  6,  of  chajiter  59,  of 
the  Laws  of  Wisconsin,  approved  March  30, 1864,  an  "  Actio  pro- 
vide for  a  State  Lunatic  Asylum,"  I  lay  before  you  the  following 

REPORT: 

Under  your  instructions,  in  the  month  of  April  last,  I  made  pub- 
lication, that  proposals  would  be  received  for  the  donation  or  pur- 
chase of  a  site  suitable  for  the  location  of  our  asylum,  setting 
forth^  that  if  a  site  for  such  asylum,  under  the  act  approved  by 
the  Governor,  should  be  donated  or  could  be  purchased  for  a  sum 
not  exceeding  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  the  asylum  should  be  loca- 
ted at  or  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison. 

Shortly  after  such  publication,  very  many  liberal  communica- 
tions, were  received  by  me  from  diflferent  portions  of  the  state, 
which  I  had  the  honor  to  lay  before  you. 

The  late  Henry  K.  Holley,  Esq.,  as  you  are  aware,  made  us  an 
offer  of  one  hundred  acres  of  land,  at  fifteen  dollars  per  acre,  at 
five  miles  distance  from  Madison,  and  commanding  a  fine  view  of 
the  village. 

Messrs.  Catlin  &  Williamson  presented  for  consideration  cer- 
tain described  lands,  ranging  from  ten  to  fifteen  dollars  per  acre. 

The  offer  of  Ex-Qovernor  Farwell  of  two  tracts  of  land  con- 
taining each  one  hundred  acres,  one  tract  as  a  donation,  the  other 
at  fifteen  dollars  per  acre ;  the  proposal  of  James  Richardson  & 


189 

Co.,  o£e  beantifnl  site  on  th€  sauth-esAt  shore  of  Third  Lak«,  oon- 
tMmng  a  little  more  tlian  one  hundred  acres,  offered  at  a  saerifie^, 
but  at  a  price  sonewat  exceeding  the  limitation  of  the  act;  the 
proposition  of  Messrs.  Mills  <fe  Williamson  of  a  quarter  section,  or 
a  portion  thereof,  fonr  miles  from  Madison,  and  x^ommanding  an 
eartensiye  prospect  of  the  snrrounding  conntry ;  the  very  libe^'al 
offer  of  James  B.  MaBtin,  Esq.,  of  Milwaokee,  on  his  purchase  of 
the  Fort  Winnebago  Reservation,  with  his  proffers  of  money  to 
aid  in  the  erection  of  the  asylum,  and  the  use  and  occupation  of 
buildings  for  temporary  accommodation :  the  offer  of  Messrs. 
Kirk,  Basset  iSc  Norris,  of  Saut  county ;  and  the  proposal  of  IX 
W.  Jones  &  II.  IL  Gray,  ^ith  liberal  offers  of  donations.  All 
these  having  b^en  entered  in  full  on  the  journal  of  our  proceedr 
ings,  need  but  a  brief  enumeration  here. 

^  i  Under  the  provisions  'ft  the  "act  to  provide  for  a  State  Lunatic 
Asylum,"  ahonld  a  site  suitable  for  such  purpose  be  donated  in 
the  vicinity  of  Madisop,  or  purchased  for  a  sum  not  exceeding 
£fte6u  hundred  dollars,  then  it  became  incumbent  upon  you  to 
locate  said  asylum  at  or  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison. 

After  having  visited  with  you  the  several  locations  offered,  un- 
der your  instruction,  I  notified  Mr.  Farwell,  that  the  one  hundred 
acre  tract  of  land  which  he  had  offered  to  the  state  for  the  sum  o* 
fifteen  hundred  dollars,  had  been  accepted  by  the  Oommisaionerg 
and  approved  by  the  Governor.  Under  the  advice  of  the  At- 
torney General,  a  deed  of  conveyance  was  made  to  the  state,  an 
•order  tor  the  purchase  money  drawn  and  the  deed  recorded. 

Under  a  resolution  passed  by  your  board,  and  by  the  advice  of 
the  Governor,  you  are  aware  that  I  visited  most  of  the  similar  in- 
stitutions in  the  United  States,  and  upon  my  return .  laid  before 
you  a  plan,  which  was  adopted  by  you  without  reservation. 

In  the  outlay  required  for  the  establishment  of  our  institutiogL 
aad  the  plan  adopted,  it  may  appear  to  some  who  are  not  familiar 
with  the  number  of  insaaein  our  state,  that  we  are  making  ar« 
raagmenfes  beyond  our  necessities.    From  the  statistics  and  returog 


140 

ibat  have  been  made  to  me  daring  the  past  year,  I  am  satiafied 
that  we  have  in  this  state  at  least  one  hundred  patients,  who,  hj 
neglect  in  their  treatment,  may  become  incurable.  Ajs  to  the 
mere  item  of  expense  in.  the  plan  recommended  by  me,  I  cannot 
more  fully  set  forth  my  views  than  by  a  quotation  Irom  a  report  of 
n  distinguished  physician,  and  one  whose  education  and  great  ex- 
perience in  the  treatment  of  insanity  must  .entitle  his  opininion  to 
great  consideration.  I  refer  to  Dr.  Luther  Y.  Bell,  of  Massaohn- 
setts.    He  says : 

^^It  would,  as  formerly  not  be  difficult  to  demonstrate  the  value 
of  hospital  treatment,  and  especially  of  early  subjection  to  the 
use  of  means ;  but  the  day  has  passed  when  the  community  needs 
fluggestions  or  instructions  on  these  points,  and  for  years  this  asy- 
lum has  been  so  over  crowded,  that  the  anxiety  of  its  managers 
has  been  rather  to  keep  down,  than  to  augment  the  number  of  its 
applicants'" 

**  The  most  essential  draw-back  to  the  fullest  amount  of  public 
good  attained  by  the  Insane  Hospitals  of  the  country,  regarded  as 
a  whole,  obtains  in  the  erroneous  belief,  or  at  least  thet  actual 
ussumption  of  a  possibility,  that  this  class  of  institutions  can  be 
carried  on  fairly  and  justly  under  any  such  outlay  of  means  as 
would  be  measured  by  the  ordinary  support  of  individuals  having 
health  and  reason.  We  cannot  be  too  grateful  that  the  views  of 
those  who  have  directed  the  affairs  of  this  asjlum  have  never 
stopped  at  the  nominal  accomplishment,  but  have  aimed  at  attain- 
ing the  highest  realities  of  their  professed  ends,  a  consummation, 
only  to  be  sought  in  the  decision  that  just  so  much  money  shall  be 
freely  expended  as  can  be  wisely  applied  to  the  object." 

*'As  the  communities  called  to  provide  for  the  insane,  advance 
In  familiarity  with  this  duty  and  in  means  to  meet  it,  the  fatal  er- 
ror of  cheap  institutions  will  cease  to  exist— an  error  involving 
not  merely  the  negative  objection  of  leaving  the  presumptive 
ends  of  hospitable  treatment  unfulfilled,  but  the  positive  hazard 
of  accidents  compromising  not  only  thejnstitution  immediately 
concerned,  but  the  usefulness  and  reputation  of  the  whole  class." 


^B  would  be  a  lutppy  conviction  npon  the  minds  of  legielatere 
and  commnoitiea,  oonld  thej  be  penoaded  that  between  no  pro* 
Tirion  at  all  of  a  public  kind  for  the  Insane,  and  a  parsimonionSi 
stinted  and  inefficient  imitation  of  a  real  provision — the  former 
evil  is  infinitelj  the  least  A  Connty,  or  Town,  or  State  may  dig- 
nify a  part  or  the  whole  of  some  custodial  receptacle  for  its  lana- 
tics,  with  the  high  sounding  title  of  "  An  Asylum  ;'^  the  public 
and  curators  of  the  unfortunate,  or  even  the  friends  and  relatives 
may  ignorantly,  or  as  of  self  excusing  salvo,  accept  such  substitu- 
tion as  a  full  acquittance  of  their  obligation;  bat  every  person  who 
gives  an  hour's  reflection  to  the  matter,  and  compares  the  cost  of 
persons  in  health,  and  of  the  insane  under  even  the  minimum  outr 
lay  for  mere  custody,  to  say  nothing  of  amelioration  and  care, 
cannot  but  see  the  impossibility  of  doing  justice  to  the  insane  on 
a  cheap  plan.  Oommunities  preparing  for  provisions  for  this  class 
have  been  led  into  woful  miscalculations  on  this  subject." 

I  present  this  quotation  not  in  extenuation  of  the  cost  of  the 
building,  but  simply  to  place  upon  record,  that  in  my  connection 
with  an  institution  of  this  kind,  I  could  not  conscientiously  re- 
commend a  plan  that  would  not  carry  out  fully  the  great  ultimate 
end  designed  to  be  accomplished  in  the  curative  treatment  of  the 
Insane.  In  maturing  this  plan  I  was  governed  chiefly  by  the  fol- 
lowing resolutions^  which  after  mature  consideration,  wore  unani- 
mously adopted  by  "The  Association  of  Medical  Superintendents 
of  American  Institutions  for  the  Insane,"  and  directed  to  be  pub- 
lished in  the  Medical  Journals  of  the  Oontineat|  as  the  sentiments 
of  the  association  on  the  subject  referred  to. 


Otf  THE  OONBTEUOTiOV  OV    HOSPCTAJUS^  J^OB  TH£  ISSASM* 


L  Every  hospital  for  the  insane  should  be  in  the  country,  not 
within  less  than  two  miles  of  alarge  town,  and  easily  accessible 
at  all  seasons. 


143 

IL  !No  ho&pital  for  the  ineaue,  however  limited  its  cap&citj, 
should  have  lefts  than  fifty  acres  of  land,  devoted  to  gardens  and 
pleasure  grounds  for  its  patients.  At  least  one  hundred  acres 
should  be  possessed  by  every  State  hospital,  or  other  iDStitntion 
for  two  hundred  patients,  to  which  number  these  propositions  ap- 
ply,  unless  otherwise  mentioned. 

III.  Means  should  be  provided  to  raise  ten  thousand  galtens 
of  water,  daily,  to  reservoirs  that  will  supply  the  highest  parts  of 
the  building.  ' 

IV.  No  hospital  for  the  insane  should  be  built,  without  the 
plan  having  been  first  submitted  to  some  physician  or  physicians, 
who  have  had  charge  of  a  similar  establishment,  or  are  practically 
acquainted  with  the  details  of  their  arrangements,  and  received 
his  or  their  full  approbation. 

V.  The  highest  number  that  can  with  propriety,  be  treated  in 
one  building,  is  two  hundred  and  fifty,  while  two  hundred  is  a 
preferable  maximum. 

VI.  All  such  buildings  should  be  constructed  of  stone  or  brick, 
have  slate  or  metalic  roofs,  and  as  far  as  possible,  be  made  secure 
from  accidents  by  fire. 

VII.  E  very  hospital,  having  provision  for  two  hundred  or  more 
patients,  should  have  in  it  at  least  eight  distinct  wards  for  eadi 
sex,  making  sixteen  classes  in  the  entire  establishment. 

VIII.  Each  ward  should  have  in  it  a  parlor,  a  corridor,  single 
lodging  rooms  for  patients,  an  associated  dormitory,  communica-> 
ting  with  a  chamber  for  two  attendants,  a  cl(/thed*room,  a  bath* 
room,  a  water-eloset,  a  dumb  waiter,  and  a  speaking  tube  leading 
to  the  kitchen,  or  other  central  part  of  the  building. 

IX.  No  apartments  should  ever  be  provided  for  the  confine. 
ment  of  patients,  or  as  their  lodging  rooms,  that  are  not  entirely 
above  ground. 

X.  No  class  of  rooms  should  ever  be  constructed  without  some 
kind  of  window  in  each,  communicating  directly  with  the  exter- 
nal atmosphere. 


U3 

XL  No  chamber  for  the  use  of  a  single  patient  shonld  ever  be 
le08  than  eight  by  ten  feet,  nor  should  the  ceiling  of  any  story  oe- 
cupied  by  patients  be  less  than  twelve  feet  in  height 

XII.  The  floor  of  patients'  apartments  should  always  be  of 
wood. 

XIIL  The  stairways  should  always  be  of  iron,  stone,  or  other 
indestructible  material,  ample  in  siase  and  number,  and  easy  of 
ascent,  to  afford  convenient  egress  in  case  of  accident  from  Are. 

XIY.  A  large  hospital  should  consist  of  a  main  central  build* 
ing  with  wings. 

XY.  The  main  central  building  should  contain  the  offices,  re- 
ceiving rooms  for  compimy,  and  apartments  entirely  private,  for 
the  superintending  physician  and  his  family,  in  case  that  officer 
resides  in  the  hospital  building. 

XYI«  The  wings  should  be  so  arranged  that,  if  rooms  are 
placed  on  both  sides  <>£  a  corridor,  the  corridors  should  be  furnish* 
ed  at  both  ends  with  moveable  glassed  sashes,  for  the  free  admission 
of  both  light  and  air. 

XYII.  The  lighting  shoi>ld  be  by  gas,  on  account  of  its  con- 
venience, cleanliness,  safety,  and  economy* 

XVJJLL  The  apartments  for  washing  clothing,  &c.,  should  be 
detached  from  the  hospital  building. 

XIX.  The  drainage  should  be  under  ground,  and  all  the  inlets. 
to  the  sewers  should  be  properly  secured  to  prevent  offensive  em- 
anations. 

XX.  AUhospitals should  be  warmed  by  passing  an  abundance 
of  pure,  fresh  air  trom  the  external  atmosphere,  over  pipes  or 
plates,  obtaining  steam  under  low  pressure,  or  hot  water,  the 
temperature  of  which  at  the  boiler  does  not  exceed  212^  F.,  and 
placed  in  the  basement  or  cellar  of  the  building  to  be  heated. 

XXL  A  ccymrplete  system  of  forced  ventilation,  in  connection 
with  the  lieating,  is  indispensable  to  give  purity  to  the  air  of  a  hos- 
pital for  the  insane ;  and  no  expense  that  is  required  to  effect  this 
object  thoroughly  canl>e  deemed  either  misplaced  or  injudicious. 


144 

XXII.  The  boilers  for  generating  Bteam  for  warming  the  hxnli^ 
ing^shonld  be  in  a  detached  stnicture,  connected  with  which  maj 
be  the  engine  for  pnmping  water,  driving  the  washing  apparatus, 
and  other  machinery. 

XXIU.  All  water-closets  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  made  of 
indestructible  materials,  be  simple  in  their  arrangements,  and 
have  a  strong  downwai'd  ventilation  connected  with  tbem. 

XXIY.  The  floors  of  bath-rooms,  water  closets,  and  basement 
stories,  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  made  of  materials  that  will 
not  absorb  moisture. 

XXT.  The  wards  for  the  most  excited  class  should  be  con- 
structed with  rooms  on  but  one  side  of  a  corridor,  not  less  than 
ten  feet  wide,  the  external  windows  of  which  should  be  large,  and 
have  pleasant  views  frum  them. 

XXVL  Wherever  practicable,  the  pleasure  grounds  of  a  hos- 
pital for  the  insane  should  bo  surrounded  by  a  substantial  wall, 
so  placed  as  not  to  be  unpleasantly  visible  from  the  building. 

Institutions  for  the  insane  are  now  being  erected  or  completed 
in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  two  in  Ohio,  in  Alabama  and  other 
states,  which,  in  the  principle  of  their  construction  deviate  but 
slightly  from  the  building  now  being  erected  by  us.  Should  the 
plan  of  this  af^ylum  be^carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  specifi- 
cations, we  will  have  an  institution  of  such  a  character  a?  will  re- 
flect honor  upon  our  state,  and  at  no  greater  outlay  than  is  neces* 
sary  to  obtain  the  important  object  we  have  in  view. 

In  a  report  of  this  character  it  cannot  be  expected  that  I  should 
give  a  detailed  accoant  of  the  plans,  drawings  and  specifications 
of  the  building.  They  are,  as  you  are  aware,  open  for  examina* 
tion,  at  the  asylum  ofiice,  and  accessible  to  alL  To  give  a  general 
idea  of  the  arrangement,  I  would  state  very  briefly,  that  the  build^  - 
ing  will  be  of  stone,  consisting  of  a  basement  and  two  nriaoipal 
stories  in  every  part,  except  the  centre  and  projecting  pordoas  of 
the  wings,  which  will  rise  higher.  On  the  centre  building  wUl  b^ 
a  dome  in  which  will  be  placed  the  water .  tanks* .  Yeakiiat^gt, 


r 


145 

flhafU  will  tepmitiate  on  the  protecting  portions  of  tbe  vio^  aad 
in  tho  central  dome.  The  oebtre  building  sepftratefl  the  two  gexed, 
and  On  either  eide  of  it  are  three  ranges  of  wings.  The  tirst  range 
is  separated  froottlie'  eentre  building  by  a  space  >eight  feet 
wide^  and  the  other  ranges  fall  bacfc  sufficientlj  far  to  leave  the 
corridors  opeu  at  both  ejitremitiee,  giving,  when  completed|  eight 
distinct  wards  for  each  sex,  besides  accommodatioos  for  more  vio- 
lent patients.  The  cellar  is  excavated  throughout  itswhole  extenf^ 
ui  which  are  the  air  chambers,  reservoirs,  passages  hj  railways  fyt 
conveying  food  from  the  kitchen  to  the  different  duin;b  waiters  be- 
tween it  and  the  extreme  wings,  purposes  of  ventilation,  &(i.  AU 
eolinarj  arran^emeoits,  with  thosa  for  heatings  gas-making,  and 
proonring  water  for  the  establishment,  and  indeed  wherever  fire 
i»  requisite,  oecupy  a  distluct  building  from  the  Asylum.  All 
pipes,  :flaes,  etc.,  will  be  conducted  by  archways  to  the  nuun 
building 

The  architectural  front  of  the  building  is  plain  and  in  good  taste. 
The  portico  has  been  dispensed  wHh,  as  being  too  costly  and  de- 
•troying  the  upper  portion,  of  the  building.  A  double  verandah, 
made  of  iron,  six  feet  wide,  has  been  substituted  in  its  stead.  The 
plan,  as  you  are  aware,  was  prepared  by  Sloan  A  Stewart,  archi- 
tects of  Philadelphia,  and  their'  drawings  and  specifications  are 
admirably  executed,  and  as  lull  and  specific  as  could  be  desired* 
The  great  responsibility  which,  under  your  kind  confidence,  has 
rested  upon  me,  in  maturing  a  plan  for  our  State  Lunatic  Asylum, 
would  necessarily  compel  me  to  avail  myself  of  all  the  improve- 
ments of  the  day,  in  the  medical  and  moral  treatment  of  this  class  ' 
of  patients.  Apart  from  this  important  and  responsible  view  of 
the  subject,  I  cannot  but  feel  pride  that  this  institution  should  keep 
pace  with  the  growing  increase  and  prosperity  of  our  State. 

To  Dr.  Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  of  Philadelphia,  Superintendent 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  lam  under  deep 
obligations  for  the  assistance  he  has  rendered  me  jn  furthering  the 
object  I  had  in  view.  To  Dr.  Luther  Y.  Bell,  of  MassachusettS| 
Dr.  Chandler,  of  Worcester,  Dr.  Nichols,  of  Washington,  Dn 


146 

SuttolpK  ^f  ^ew  Jersey,  Oen.  MoDooald,  of  Flnshing,  Dr. 
Oboate,  of  Taunton,  aod  others,  I  am  under  obligatiooe  for  kiod 
4tttention6,  in  aiding  me  to  carrj  out  the  objeot  of  mj  miesioQ. 

And  here,  I  would  take  ocoaeion  to  express  ray  deep  aenee  ^ 
the  eotnph'ment  paid  roe  by  the  Governor,  and  yonrselveH,  in  your 
prompt  approval  of  the  plan  of  the  Asylum,  as  laid  before  yon. 

As  your  report  will  show,  the  contract  for  the  building  was 
Awarded  to  Andrew  Proudfit,  Esq.,  and  I  am  most  happy  to  lusti- 
ly to  the  commendable  industry  and  diligence  with  which  he  bag 
been  forwarding  the  work.  A  large  portion  of  materials  is  already 
tipon  the  ground ;  and  should  early  and  necessary  appropriations 
be  made  the  present  session,  which  cannot  be  tooatrongly  urged, 
I  ffeel  confident  that  the  building  may  be  ready  for  the  receptioa 
of  patients,  before  the  period  contemplated  under  the  contract; 
and  certainly  the  large  number  of  patients  of  this  class,  already 
in  our  State,  should  have  somo  claim  upon  the  sympathy  oi  our 
legislators. 

GEO.  R.  MoLANE, 

8up.  Wis.  State  Lunatic  Asylnitt 

To  Messrs.  !0uoh,  Ynrrnx  and  Sanbobn, 

Gommissionerff. 
ICadisoo,  January  1, 1865. 


"H.»' 


SPBCLIL  REPORT  OF  THl?  COMMISSIpNERS 


OF  THE 

WISCONSIN  SM.  LONATIC  ASILUM. 

IN  ANSWER  TO  A  RESOLUTION,  PASSED  Br 
THE  ASSEMBLY,  JANUARY  19,  1855. 


To  the  SanordbUj  the  Assembly^  of  the  SkUs  of  Wisconsin : 

By  direction  of  the  Board  of  OozmaissionerS)  of  the  Wiscon- 
8in  State  Lunatic  A^sylum,  I  herewith  lay  before  you  their  Report, 
asked  for  under  a  resolution  passed  by  you,  January  19, 1855,  to- 
gether with  accompanying  papers. 

QEO.  R.  MoLANj;  , 

Sap.  Wia,  State  Lunatic  Asylua. 
Hadison,  January  22, 1855. 


SPECIAL  REPORT. 


To  the  AsiemUy  of  theSMeqf  TFtMOMtft  : 

In.aresolotioD, passed bj  jou,  Jannary  thelDtb,  1855,  a  oopy 
of  whicli  directed  to  iiS)  id  ia  tlie  words  and  figavea  fijUuwisigi'tO' 

wit: 

A8BEHBLT  HaI«^ 

KiJ»3aBrf  January  18^.185^1.  J , 

To  the  Commtssionere  of  the  State  Lunatio  Asylum  ; 

.A  reaolutioD^of  T^ich  the  foJIowlDg  is  ,a  tf qq  copy,  ps3«ed  t]|e 
Afise^tbly  this  morning: 

Resolved^  That  the  Board  of  CominissionerB,  appointed  by  tUe^ 
Governor,  by  virtue  of  an  act,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide  foi;  a 
State  Lunatic  Asjlam,"  approved,  March  80,  lSi)4,  be  req[aestedi 
to^  inform  this  Honee,  at  as  early  a  day   as  posdible,  what,  if  any^ 
contract  has  been  entered  into  by  them  on  the  part  of  the  Bbate^ 
by  virtue  of  section  7,  of  aforesaid  act,  and  if  any   contract   has 
been  made,  tninsrhit  to  this  House  a  copy  of  the  same,  with   'all 
specifications  connected  therewith  or  alluded  to  in  such  contract; 
also,  the  number  of  bids  or  proposals  received  before  the  letting^ 
of  said  contract;  the  prices  cmtained  in  each  bid,  the  names   of 
persons  making  such  bids;  also,  the  estimated  expense  necessary 
to  complete  and  furnish  the  Asylum  under  the  present   cbntract, ' 
a^  that  the  Ohief  0)erk  of  this  House,  be  instjructed,  to  ^tranpfpik 
to  said  JBoard  of  Commiaaipnero  a  copy  of  this  res^  ilurion. 
Attest:  DAVID  AWOQD, 

Chief  Oleik  Assembly,.    . 

Yon  request  to  be  informed  at  as  early  a  day  as  possible: 
Firti    What,  if  any,  contraei  has  been  etttemd:ibt»^by  th^ 


150 

CommissioDere  on  the  part  of  the  State,  by  virtue  of  section  7,  of 
the  aforesaid  act 

Second.  That  if  any  contract  has  been  made,  we  transmit  to 
yon  a  copy  of  the  same,  with  all  specifications  connected  there- 
with  or  alluded  to  in  such  contract 

Third.  To  be  informed  of  the  number  of  proposals  received 
1)efore  the  letting  of  said  contract,  the  prices  contained  in  each 
bid,  and  the  names  of  persons  making  sveh  bids* 

Famrdu  1\>  be  inibirmed  of  the. estimated  expense  neeessary  to 
joomjIk/bB  and  iiiiiiiah  the  Asylum  under  the  present  contract 

In  reply  to  the  first  request,  we  would  most  respectfully  refer 
you  to  our  Report^  made  to  the  Honorable  Legislature  at  its 
present  session,  by  reading  which  yon  will  be  fully  informed  on 
that  subject 

Jn  compliance  with  the  secoi^d,  we  herewith  transmit  to  you  a 
copy  of  the  contract,  with  the  written  specifications  connected - 
therewith. 

Also,  in  compliance  with  the  third,  we  herewith  send  you  a  copy 
of  all  the  proposals  received  by  us  before  the  letting  of  said  con- 
tract, in  which  proposals  is  specified  the  price  for  materials  and 
work. 

And  in  answer  to  so  much  of  the  fourth,  as  relates  to  the  expense 
necessary  to  complete  said  Asylum,  we  would  again  refer  you  to 
Oi^r  said  Beport  And  as  to  the  expense  necessary  to  furnish  the 
j^ylum,  the  Commissioners  have  not  had  that  matter  under  con- 
fiideration,  and,  therefore,  cannot  at  thisjime  give  you  an  estimate 
of  the  cost  with  any  certainty  of  accuracy. 

We  have  in  our  oflEice  plans  and  drawings  of  the  Asylum,  whidi 
are  made  a  part  of  the  aforesaid  contract,  but  we  do  not  herewith 
•submit  copied  thereof,  Air  the  reason  that  it  would  involve  the  ex- 
penditure of  about  four  handred. dollars,  which  we  deem  a  useless 
outlay,  iaaHiDUoh  as  we  ber^tofore.  have  stated  to  the  Legislatvire, 
ttiit  the  said  plans  «ud  drawiogp  are  open  to  inspeotion  at  the  of- 


101 

fice  of  the  Asjlam,  and  accessiblo  to  all ;  but  if  the  Assembljupoa 
mature  reflection,  considers  that  the  public  interest  demands  a  copj 
cftbete  drawiDga  and  plans^  the  OommiflsidnistB  ^11  prooiiQ  th# 
iUde  as  toon  «a  possiMe^ 

The  OommisslonerB  at  thetiine  of  entering  into  the  oontraot: 
aforesaid,  thought  proper  to  request  of  the  contractor  a  bond'witb' 
anretieS)  to  secure  the  perfbrmanee  of  his  agreements^  with  wbidbi' 
request  he  promptly  complied  ;  and  a  copy  of  said  bond  is-  tiM 
betewith  smbttiitted  to  you. 

AI,DEN  S.  SANBORKi 
SAM.  Q.  BUQS, 
Oomm'ra  of  WiSb  State  Lnnatio  Asylum.    . 
Madison,  Ian.  9%  I860. 


(port.) 
TBOFOSAL. 
T0t]is0c9emar^andC(mntnmicners<fiisSba^ 

Gkhts: — I  hereby  propose  to  do  all  the  work  Moi  fimush  tk^ 
materials  for  the  State  LoBa'ic  Aaylom^  to  be  oontivcted  at  ICadi- 
■on,  according  to  the  plan  and  ape^ificatiooa  exhibited  by  yon^  and 
Bgjree  to  build  the  main  bnildiog  aod  two  longttndiiial  and  two 
traoarerBe  wings  in  the  year  18S5,  aod  the  remainder  of  the  bnildr 
ing  whenever  the  Board  of  GomroissionerB  or  Legialatore  oonaider 
it  necf  Bsarr ;  and  I  will  give  satiafiietory  fecnri ty  to  any  amonut  you 
may  reqnire,  to  secure  the  work  according  to  contract ;  the  State  to 
pay  80  percent.  <^  the  work  aa  it  prDgresBea,  at  the  end  of  each  and 
every  thirty  days,  and  the  balance  of  twenty  per  cent,  when  the 
work  IB  completed ;  and  I  farther  agree  to  commence  the  work 
immediately,  and  to  drive  it  nntil  completed,  provided  1  am  paid 
according  to  contract,  at  the  following  rates,  viz: 

Vor  aS  csnvaiion  necemarj,  rad  depoaitiag  tbe  nme  »  reqnir- 

•dbytheCommiaBioDCfi^orSiiperiiitcndeDt 35etB.ptraibiej4. 

For  all  rock  czcxYauon $150      do        do 

For  all  niVblo  or  rough  maaaorj.  aodk  aa  edlar  walli^  partition 

valla,  and  tLe  oatcr  walla  of  boiidiDg 3  GOperperth. 

For  an  cat-atone  maaonrf • 16  50per  perek 

For  aU  brick  in  work 12  50  par  tboosand.' 

For  all  CMt-iron  in  work 151  eta.  per  poond. 

Forall  wroagfai-inni  in  work... 16     do        do 

For  all  locka  need  in  boikling 3  50  eaA. 

ForaUMta        "         •        1  25  each. 

Forallaerewa     "         •        1.    3  00  per  groan 

Forall  botta        -         -        3  00 per dos.  pair. 

ForaUnaila        •         " 7  ctai  per  pooad. 

For  all  pine  Ion.*        " 34  75  per  thooaand. 

For  all  oak  lam.  *         •        99  50         do 

Lathiagio  work  complete 98  eta.  per  jaid. 

Crtas  tin,  leaded  and  painted  on  both  Bidea,laid  on  roof i&  etn  per  foot 

For  all  4  inch  tin-condocton  pnt  np 95   do       do 

For  all  13  inch  tin  floea 50  do       do 

Plaataring,  two  coata,  brown,  and  one  coat  hard  fiaidb 98  ctai  per  yard. 

Fancj  and  hjdnialic  cement  plaatering 37|cla.per7anL 

Boogh  caating  and  pencilling  exterior  with  compoaition  of  wadli- 

ed  aand  and  tallow,  and  finiahi^  the  aame  good 45  eta.  per  jaid. 

Far  apaakiag  tabes  of  tin  in  work 35  el&  per  foot 


I5d 

Pklntim^  leeordiag  to  ^«oiiM»ti<)ii%  nuti*  bailding $1,000  00 

Painting,  according  to  qpecificationi,  for  enck  longitudinal  and  traatTer«e  wing  666  66 

For  all  glsaB  Qted  in  add  building  in  work,  p«r  box, 9  50 

Johierworkon  main  building,  as  iiperified 7,495  00 

Joinftr  work  on  each loBgitttdiiial  and  tranavane wing.... « 4,995  0(1 

Sztra  itams  not  included  in  the  abore  tchadula  that  maj  be  necesarj  on 

main  building 1,800  00 

Hztra  items  on  each  longitudinal  and  transTerae  wing l,iK)0  00 

The  above  materials  to  be  of  excellent  quality  and  the  work  to 
be  done  in  substantial  and  workmanlike  manner. 
EespectfuUj  enbrnitted, 

ANDREW  PROUDFIT. 
Waupxjn,  October  18, 1854. 


ARTICLE  OF  AGREEMENT. 

Article  of  agreement  made  and  concluded  this  sixteenth  day  of 
November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  huTidred 
and  fifty-four,  between  Andrew  Proudfit,  of  the  county  of  Wau- 
kesha, in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  of  the  first  part,  and  David  S. 
Yittum,  Samuel  G.  Bngh  and  Alden  S.  Sanborn,  commissioners  of 
the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  of  the  second  part,  whereof  it 
is  covenanted  and  agreed  as  follows :  That  the  said  Andrew  Proudfit 
hereby  contracts,  covenants  and  agrees  to  furnish  all  the  materials, 
which  shall  be  of  a  sound  and  good  quality,  and  perform  all  the 
labor  necessary  to  construct  and  fini&h,  in  every  respect,  in  a  good 
and  substantial  and  workmanlike  manner,  ''The  Wisconsin  State 
Lunatic  Asylum,"  on  the  terms  and  for  the  price  set  forth  and 
stated  in  his  proposal  hereunto  annexed ;  the  said  work  to  bo  ex- 
ecuted and  conform  in  all  respect*?  to  the  annexed  epecifications, 
and  the  plans  now  in  the  possession  of  the  said  commisslonerSj^ 
and  to  be  completed  as  follows : 

The  main  building  and  two  longitudinal  and  two  transverse 
wings,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  one  thousand  e*ght 
hundred  and  fifty-six ;  two  more  longitudinal  and  two  more  trans- 
20 


154 

Terse  wings  on  or  before  tke  first  day  of  Jannaiy,  one  thovsand 
eight  hundred  and  fifty-seven ;  and  two  luore  longUndinal  and 
two  in^re  transverse  wings  whenever  the  commiasioDers  shall  di« 
lecty  giving  one  year's  time  to  do  said  last  m^itioiied  woric  afitt* 
notice  given  to  said  Andrew  Prondfit. 

And  it  is  further  agreed  that  the  building  contracted  to  be 
built,  shall,  during  its  erection,  be  under  the  inspection  of  the  an* 
perintendent  of  said  asjlnm  and  the  commissioners  thereof. 

And  it  is  further  agreed  on  the  part  of  said  commissioners  that 
moBtbly  estimates  shall  be  made,  either  by  them  or  some  one  to 
be  appointed  by  them,  and  that  upon  said  monthly  estimates  of 
materials  furnished,  and  work  done,  the  State  shall  pay  to  the 
contractor,  Andrew  Prondfit,  eighty  per  cent,  on  the  amount  of 
work  done  and  materials  furnished. 

And  it  is  further  agreed  that  within  thirty  days  after  the 
said  building  shall  be  conapleted,  according  to  the  terms 
and  conditions  of  this  contract  and  the  specifications  hereunto  at- 
tached, and  accepted  by  the  said  commifisioners,  the  State  of  Wis- 
consin shall  pay  to  the  said  Andrew  Proudfit  the  sum  which,  ac- 
ctrding  to  the  terms  of  this  contract,  shall  remain  unpaid  after  de- 
ducting all  previous  payments. 

And  it  is  further  understood  and  agreed  by  and  between  the 
parties  to  this  contract  that  the  work  about  said  building  shall  be 
measured^  including  openings. 

ANDREW  PROUDFIT,   [otal.] 
D.  S.  VITTUM,  [SKAL.] 

ALDEN  S.  SANBORN,     [sbal.] 
SAM.  G.  BUGH,  [skal.] 

Sealed,  signed  Mid  delivered  in  presence  of  Geo.  R.  McLane. 
E.  M.  Hunter  as  to  the  signature  of  S.  G.  Bngh. 


(oomr.J 

SPECIFICATION 

Of^Dorkand  materials  to  he  used  in  the  erectUm  of  the  Wiscci^ 
sin  State  Lunatic  Aeylum^ 

DESCRIPTION. 

The  buildings  are  composed  of  a  centre  65  feet  by  120,  and  on 
each  side  are  three  longitudinal  and  three  transverse  wings.    The 
centre  building  is  four  stories  high.    The  first  story,   12,  second, 
16,  third  18,  and  the  fourth  1 1  feet,  each  in  the  clear  of  the  floor- 
and  ceilings.    The  longitudinal  wings  are  three  stories  high,  each 
12  feet  in  the  clear ;  the  transverse  wings  have  an  additional  sto- 
ry,  which  is  7  feet  high  at  the  eaves,  but  extends  u;*  into  the  roof' 
to  the  height  of  10  feet,  and  is  finished  to  the  collar  beams ;  a  eel-' 
lar  is  throughout  the  whole  extent,  and  is  eight  feet  deep  in  the 
clear  of  floor  and  lower  edge  of  joists*    On  the  centre  building  is 
a  dome  intended  to  receive  the  water  tanks,    and  on  each  trans- 
verse wing  is  a  dome  of  smaller  "dimensions  or  cupola,  intended- 
ed  as  ventilators  for  the  flues  aad  ducts  tbrougliout  the  building. 
IJOiT  the  interior  arrangements  and  other  particulars,  retereoce  if' 
toi  be  had  to  the  plans,  when  all  are  figured  and  fnlly  explaiued. 

BZOAVATIOVS. 

He  cellar  will  be  excavated  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the 
building,  and  to  measure  8  feet  in  the  clear  of  floor  and  lower  edge 
ot  joists  when  finished.  Foundation  trenches  will  be  dug  for  the 
outer  walls;  centre  building  18  inches,  wings  12  inches,  and  tor* 
all  the  partition  walls  6  inches,  below  the  level  of  the  floor  of  the 
cellar;  all  earth  from  the  excavations  will  be  leveled  and  graded' 
around  the  building.  Tlie  foundations  will  all  be  sunk  deeper ' 
than  the  above  specifications, if  necessary  to  procure  unapproved^ 
foundation.  All  rubbish  will  be  removed  fVom  the  building  an^> 
cellar,  and  the  floor  of  the  cellar  prepared  for  grouting  and  par^ 
ing. 


1S6 

OUT  9TO1IB. 

A  baso  of  hammer  dressed  stone  will  extend  around  the  whole 
building,  8  inches  wide,  which  will  form  the  sills  of  the  cellar  win- 
dows, and  will  project  2  1-2  inches  froni  the  face  of  the  wall,  with 
a  wash  on  the  eamo,  at  the  opening  of  the  cellar  windows,  they 
will  be  9  inches  thick  on  the  top  :  the  outside  door  sills  and  steps 
of  front  and  back  main  entrances,  and  all  the  window  sills  will 
be  of  cot  etone ;  likewise  the  rustic  groins  of  the  centre  building, 
t^p  to  the  level  of  the  second  floor,  and  the  rustic  blocks  around 
the  windows,  of  the  first  stQry  centre  building ;  the  stone  must  be 
of  the  best  that  can  bo  procpred  in  the  vicinity,  and  all  excepting 
the  ba^e  smoothly  dressed,  and  all  firmly  and  solidly  set,  and 
where  necessary,  well  strapped  with  iron  into  the  masonry ;  12 
stone  sills  will  likewise  be  required  at  the  doors  of  the  cross  corri* 
dor  entrances,  12  inches  broad  on  the  top,  and  6  inches  thick ;  all 
the  bath  rooms  and  water  closets  in  the  wings,  and  drying  rooms^  and 
kitchen  floors,  will  be  laid  with  clay  tiling  or  stone  flagging,  well 
bedded  in  cement;  the  cross  passage  between  the  corridow  will  bo 
done  in  like  manner. 

MASONRY. 

AH  the  exterior  walls  will  be  built  of  quarry  building  stones, 
lai  1  on  their  broadest  beds,  and  the  foundation  stones  broad  and 
flat,  and  solidly  bedded  in  mortar.  Those  of  the  cellar  centre 
building  will  be  3  feet  thick,  and  wings  2  feet,  with  footings  of  6 
inches  projecting  from  each  face  of  the  same ;  the  walls  of  the 
c^tre  building,  up  to  the  level  of  the  second  floor,  will  be  2  feet 
6  inches,  from  that  line  up  to  the  level  of  the  tliird  floor  2  feet  S 
inches,  thence  up  to  the  fourth  floor  2  feet^  and  upwards  22  inches^ . 
in  the  tympanum  the  walls  will  be  18  inches ;  from  the  cellar . 
vralls  up  to  the  level  of  the  third  floor  in  the  wings  will  be  20  inch- 
es, and  the  remainder  18  inches ;  all  the  partition  walls  will  be, 
built  of  brick.  In  the  centre  building  up  to  the  line  of  the  first 
floor,  all  the  corridor  walls  will  be  22  inches  thick,  all  the  others 
aivd  all  on  the  wings,. excepting  those  in  the  crossings  between 
the  corridors,  will  be  18  inches ;  the  crOdS  partitions  of  the  centre 


16T 

btrfMing,  and  the  walls  of  the  cross  corridors  will  be  IS  inches, 
and  all  others  on  the  wings  will  be  9  inche3,  as  also  the  corridor 
walls  above  the  ceiling  of  the  third  floor;  the  cross  passages  be- 
tween the  corridors  will  be  arched,  and  made  thoronghl  j  fire  proof; 
the  heads  of  ftll  the  openings  through -^nt  the  cellar  will  be  arched, 
likewise  the  heads  of  the  cellar  windows  and  cellar  doors,  and 
arching  likewise  will  be  required  where  the  partition  wall  com- 
mences oreran  opening.  All  openings  intended  for  cold  and  hot 
air,  Aaes,  g^bSj  ventilator?*,  &c ,  will  be  made  according  to  the 
plans,  and  where  directed  by  the  superintendent  during  the  pro* 
gresB  of  the  work.  All  flues  to  be  well  and  thoroughly  parquettedi 
All  the  masonry,  including  the  brick  work,  to  be  done  in  the 
best  and  most  substantial  manner ;  the  brick  to  be  good,  and  the 
stone  to  be  well  selected.  The  mortar  to  be  composed  of  clean 
sharp  sand,  and  fresh  wood  burned  lime,  in  such  proportions  as 
will  ensure  an  approved  cement.  Iron  bars  1-4  by  2  1-2  inches, 
will  be  required  in  the  cellar  for  the  support  of  the  flues  at  start- 
ing, and  anchors  from' the  joists  into  the  walls,  and  ii'on  rods  with 
screw  backs,  for  the  snpport  of  some  of  the  partition  walls,  and  all 
other  iron  rods  and  bars  required  in  the  construction  of  the  abovej 
must  be  inserted  in  Ihe  sameu 

OAST  iMon  Afn>  WJB  woirr  tsoir  woiol 
All  the  outside  windoiirs  tfaroughoat  the  whole  building,  exaept^ 
xDg  those  openings  fVom  the  oorridofs,  will  have  a  neat  wit>ngfat 
iron  guard,  to  extend  witbin  5  indies  of  the  top  and  bottom  of  the. 
lorwer  sash,  securely  fastened  on  tfad  outside  of  each,  and  all  %bi 
Upper  sash  of  the  dormitories,  bath  rooms  and  wmter  closets,  wttl 
ber  noadeof  cast  ircn^  seonrely  fksCened  to  a  fratne  of  wood^ 
Wrought  iron  guards  will  be  made  for  all  the  windows  in  the  cor* 
yidorS)  secured  od  tiie  ioside  aoross  the  sane,  with  doors  of  st^ut 
wire  in  each,  to  be  hinged  and  secured  with  bolts  and  lock;  like^ 
wise  at  the  ft)ot  and  head  of  staiifi,  will  be  doom  of  the  sanfe  IdnA 
Biadev  and  securely  huag,  and  fastened  with  locks  and  b^lts. 
Wrought  iron  bearers,  with  cast  iron  risers^  will  be  made  for  all 
the  stairs  in  the  wings,  add  likewise  in  >tlie  cetttre  buildkigi  Ae 


158 

flight  leading  from  the  first  st^rj  iuto  the  second ;  this  flight  will 
have  iron  balusters  and  hand  rail,  and  will  be  outirelj  of  that  ma* 
terial,  excepting  wooJen  treads,  secured  upon  tlie  iron  bearers  and 
risers;  op^n  oast  iron  guards  will  be  made  and  walled  iu  the  cellar 
windows,  bat  iu  four  of  each  longitudinal  wing,  tliej  will  be  hung 
and  secured  with  bolts;  1  1*2  inch  iron  rods  with  screw  backs  riy- 
eted  on  the  ends,  will  bo  required  wherever  a  pariition  wall  la 
started  over  an  opening  abjve  10  feet  space,  t<>  support  the  brick 
work  of  the  same ;  an  iron  frame  and  door  will  be  made  and  iioog 
at  each  end  of  the  cross  corridors,  and  securt^d  with  strong  locks 
and  bolts,  and  a  complete  eet  of  iron  safe  doors  for  the  centre 
bailding ;  wickets  about  8  inches  square  will  be  made  and  inserted 
in  all  the  dormitory  doors,  with  suitable  locks  oa  tlie  same.  The 
balconies  in  the  centre  building  will  be  of  in^n,  excepting  joists^ 
rafters  and  roof,  and  all  in  accordance  with  the  elevation.  114 
inch  iron  rods  will  bo  required  for  the  framing  ot  the  trussed  gird* 
ers,  and  bolts  for  tlie  same,  and  for  the  domed ;  anchors  for  the 
joists,  ejcs  for  the  cellar  doors  opening  into  the  air  chamber,  jamb 
screws  for  all  the  dormitory  door  frames,  stubs,  screws  and  every* 
Hiixxg  else  necessary  to  complete  the  building. 

'  LUMBBR,  HABDWASB  AND  OAVPBRTtB  WOft&. 

AIL  the  flooring  joists  in  the  centre  building  and  transverse 
wings  will  beSH  12  inches,  and  in  the  longitudinal  wings  8h8 
inches,  ceiling  joists  of  longitudinal  wings  S»<8  inches  ceiling 
joista  of  centre  building  3  m  10  inches,  and  ceiling  joists  of  collar 
beame  over  the  rooms  iu  the  transverse  wings  will  be  2  h  10  ineb- 
M,and  all  placed  16  ioches  between  centres ;  all  joists  over  18  feet 
to  be  backed,  and  all  leveled  up  straight  aeruss  the  ends,  and 
i^ocked  np  with  hard  dry  blotking. 

In  all  framing  for  stair  ways,  the  trimmers  will  be  double  and 
pinnej]  together,  all  requisite  frauiing  to  Ite  ait«aded  to  for  flaea, 
dumh-waiteit,  water  closets,  dbc. ;  the  common  rafrers  ou  thelon^ 
gi(budinal  wings  will  be  8  by  6  inches,  and  will  be  placed  SO 
inclies  betwt* en  ceiHres,  secured  on  wallpladea  <m  the  comdor 
walh)  and  tied  tcgether  with  collar  baams  of  iudi  boaid  siailfid 


HoroeS'tbem;  on  the  back. part  of  the  traoaverae  wings  the  roof 
will  be  hipped,  a;i;id  the  front  part  a%  ahown  in  the  elevalioxi^ 
Birong  collar  beams  will  be  required,  botii  front  and  baok,  of  2 
by  10  inch  plank  t)  form  the  ceiling  of  tUe  fourth  stories ;  in  Hm 
qentre  bnilding  oyer  the  chapel  will  be  required  three  single  tras»- 
ed  girderd  to  support  the  roof  over  the  same ;  they  will  b^  lai4 
cro8S^¥i8e  the  room;  the  ceiling  joists  will  be  secured  between 
by  cleating  the  girders  and  notching  the  ends  of  the  joist  on  thein ; 
tbe  rafters  will  be  placed  acros«  the  girder^,  and  raising  pierces 
loured  on  the  top  of  the  ceiling  joists  in  the  usual  manner;  th/^ 
tia*beam  or  lower  piece  of  timber  of  the  girders  will  be  6  bj  1^ 
ioobes;  braces  and  level  plates  5  by  5,  with  centre  1  l-i  inch 
iron  rod$,  with  stout  plates  well  rivited  pp  one  end,  i^nd  doublf 
notson  the  other*  Qvev  the  other  pprtiou  of  the  oeo^re  building, 
the  ceiling  joist^will  be  laid  aeross  the  walls  in  the  uBual  manneri 
on  wall  plates,  and  the  rafters  will  bear  upon  the  raiding  pieces, 
and  the  corridor  walls,  which  will  be  carried  up  to  the  roof;  these 
itaf^rs  will  aU  be  9  by  8  inch  joists,  and  placed  20  inches  between 
oentres;  directly  .under  the  dome  will  be  lafd  4  by  H  inchjoistSi 
13  inches  between  centres,  covering  a  space  not  less  than  40  f^et 
square ;  this  floor  of  joists  is  to  receive  the  water  tanks  and  like- 
wise the  sills  of  the  dome,  which  will.be  a  circjular  rim  4  by  IQ 
il^ches ;  posts  4  by  9  tapered  jip  to  4  by  5  ;  plates,  ties  and  bracks 
4  by  6  inches,,  and  the  upper  floor  of  joist  will  be  8  by  10,  ceiling 
8  by  8,  and  the  ribf  will  be  made  with  3  by  6  seantling  (chofdj^ 
fu*e  of  plank  well  secured  and  braced  to  the  same.  Tho  smaller 
domes  aud  vt^tilators  will  be  made  in  the  same  manner,  with 
posts  8  by  6  tapered  up  to  3  by  4 ;  the  ba^e  of  the  dome  a  d  roof 
will  be  boarded  for  tinning,  and  all  other  rparts  will  be  made  in 
apcordanoe  with  the  elevation  ;  all. other  external  flni^b  will  be  in 
accordance  with  thq  elevation,  viz :  eaves  and  cornice,  front 
dressings  of  the  wiqdows  of  the  second  story  of  the  transverse 
wipg$,  the  pediment  heads  of  wlii<:h  will  be  of  wood ;  front  door- 
ways and  windowsof  centre  balconies,  &c.  All  partitions  not.of 
brick  will  be  4  by  4  inch  studding,  16  inches  between  centres,  ail 


160 

the  joists  will  hare  strips  of  Iby  2  1-2  inch,  well  nailed  on  thenai 
to  receive  rough  boarding  for  deafening  of  sound ;  and  tho  board- 
ing will  be  kept  two  inches  below  the  top  of  the  joists,  where  the 
floors  are  intended  to  be  flagged,  the  joists  will  be  levelled  two 
inches  lower  than  the  others,  and  in  such  cases  the  roagh  board* 
ing  may  be  nailed  on  the  top  of  the  joists. 

FLOOBS. 

Planed  and  grooved  flooring  5-4  thick  of  oak  or  yellow  pine 
will  be  laid  and  well  nailed  to  the  joists,  and  the  joints  shot 
thronghoiit  the  bailding  excepting  where  the  floors  are  flagged, 
inclndiDg  balconies.  The  main  entrance  outside  door  frame,  will 
be  a  large  beaded  jamb,  secured  against  the  stone  jamb  of  the 
Bame,  and  the  back  door  frames  will  be  3  by  6  inch  scantling, 
(these  last  mentioned  are  those  on  the  stairways  of  the  wings.) 

WmDOW  PAAHES. 

Alt  the  window  frames  will  be  made  plank  front,  or  casing  with 
moulding  on  the  front,  and  all  double  hung  with  the  best  azleptil^ 
lies,  cord  and  weights,  excepting  on  the  dormitories,  where  tiiey 
will  be  hung  single,  and  in  the  corridor  where  they  wilt  be  hung 
with  biuges,  and  these  will  be  secured  with  bolts,  top,  bottom  and 
middle,  those  of  the  dormitories  will  be  secret  hung :  the  sash 
will  all  be  1  3-4  inches  thick  in  the  centre  building  and  transverse 
wings;  they  will  be  made  12  lights  in  the  usual  manner,  excepting 
those  opening  down  to  Ihe  floor,  where  they  will  be  15,  and  those 
in  the  dormitory  will  be  made  5  lights  wide,  each  5}  inches  and  i 
high.  First  and  2nd  stories  18  inches,  and  3rd  18  inches,  the  others 
will  be  marked  on  the  ground  plans ;  4  windows  in  every  ward 
will  have  a  wire  frame  made  and  hung  on  the  inside  of  the  win- 
dows, likewise  in  all  of  the  dormitories  for  noisy  patients  will  be' 
thesame,  but  of  stouter  and  stronger  materials,  and  all  secured 
with  locks  and  bolts,  all  windows  opening  out  on  the  balconies 
wiil  extend  to  the  floor,  and  the  lower  sash  will  be  made  to  fly  np 
into  the  head,  one  light 


181 

nAlVL 

An  tto  mod  work  of  (he  ^t$m  will  be  i^nii^  to  1>e  put  up, 
▼li:  ID  the  wtngtan^vel  will  be  mudeef  1 12  inch  plauk,  pbmed 
and  grooved  together  which  furms  a  square  trunk  or  box,  and 
which  will  be  arranged  for  a  Tentilailor  fur  the  corridor  and  wiU 
CMimet  with  the  corridor  above  and  below  the  stairs,  viz:  at  the 
floor  and  oelling,  around  tliis  shaft  tho  stepe  will  bo  secured,  being 
lot  into  it  and  likewise  secured  on  the  iron  bearers,  which  will  be 
pat  Qp  distiiid;  and  separate  Jrom  tbe  sluift,  the  other  end  of  the 
steps  and  landings  will  be  skirted  in  the  neual  manner,  all  to  be 
pepared  Ibr  finishing  without  plastering  on  the  under  side.    "The 
Joain  flight  first  story  will  require  tbe  steps  to  be  secui^d  to  tho 
lisera  and  bearers,  and  trim  and  finish  aroobd  tbe  floor  mi  the  see* 
caid  storj,  and  also  to  seonre  the  newele  on  tho  first    Tlie  other 
stetiawiUbe  all  of  wood,  and  continued  bend  rail,  and  all  tho 
itsps  to  be  of  oak  «-4  tliick,  there  to  be  tongued  and  blockod  to* 
gotber,  and  let  into  tbe  wall  string  and  built  upon  four  carr  ages 
of  S  indi  posts,  the  hand  mil  to  be  2 1^2x4 12,  the  balusters  of 
a  IS  inch  square  at  the  base  and  tbe  newels  8  inches,  all  of  oak, 
and  the  two  latter  neatly  turned^  and  the  whole  put  up  in  a  com* 
pleto  and  substantial  tuonntr;  stairs  will  be  contined  to  tho  cellar 
where  they  are  marked  on  the  plans,  and  done  in  the  usual  man* 
nor,  likewise  stairs  will  bo  continued  up  to  the  fourth  story  wings 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  others  in  the  wings^  but  allof  wood;  also 
stairs  will  be  continued  np  to  the  dome  and  will  be  enclosed  within 
a  partition  of  boards  planed  and  grooved;  a  grooved  floor  will  be  kiid ' 
around  tbe  tank,  and  likewise  up  into  tlie  dome.    The  dormitory 
door  frames  will  be  made  of  4x6  inch  scantling,  and  on  the  corri» 
dor  side  a  mouldings  inches  wide  will  cover  the  joint  of  pIas;eriog| 
they  will  be  made  with  an  opening  of  five  inches  wide  over  tiM 
door,  and  well  secured  into  the  walls  by  jamb  sorewe  and  stubs  at 
the  bottom,  all  the  other  room  doors  will  be  jamb  cased  witli  tw# 
Inch  plank  rebated,  and  all  over  14  inches  wide,  framed,  head  and 
bntt  in  imitation  of  the  doors,  closet  doorways  will  be  jamb  eased 
with  1 1*3  inch  plank,  the  windows  io  tibo  fmnt  h^  of  iha  oeiitio 

21 


163 

building,  let,  2d  and  Sd  stories  will  be  jamb  cased  for  inside  shut* 
tersi  with  back  and  jambs  continued  to  tbefloor  aod  panelled  soffits, 
this  panelling  will  ail  be  flat  with  edges  of  stiles  and  rails  slightlj 
bevelled. 

The  dressings  aronnd  the  doors  of  the  parlors  and  dining  fXK>ms 
in  the  wings  will  be  an  architrave  6  inches  wide,  first  and  third, 
centre  building  7  inches,  and  in  the  second  nine  inches,  all  two 
inches  thick  on  the  back  edge ;  this  includes  the  windows,  like- 
wise in  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  stories,  front  half  of  the  centre  build- 
ing, all  the  window  jambs  of  the  remainder  being  plastered ;  the 
windows  intended  for  inside  shutters  will  be  finished  with  sills  and 
facia  in  the  usual  manner,  and  all  the  others  will  have  a  still  of 
fi  inch  plank  with  a  neat  facia  under  the  same.    The  wash-boards 
in  the  corridors  will  be  6  inches  wide,  the  top  edge  slightlj  bevel* 
led ;  the  skirtings  of  the  stairs  in  the  wings  will  be  done  iu  the 
same  manner;  this  style  of  wash-board  will  be  put  up  in  the  itk 
.  stories  of  the  wings  and  4th  story  centre  building ;  in  the  parlors 
and  dining  rooms  of  the  wings  the  wash  boards  will  be  8  inchea 
and  moulding  on  top.  and  the  skirting  of  the  main  stairwajs  fin* 
iahed  to  match.    The  main  entrance  doors  will  be  made  in  pairs 
in  two  thicknesses  or  1 1-2  inch  plank  secured  together  and  mould- 
ed on  the  front  side,  hung  witli  6x5  inch  butts,  and  secured  with 
8  inch  upright  mortice  locks  and  iron  flush  bolts.    All  the  doraii- 
torj,  parlor  and  dining  room  and  cross  passage  doors  will  be  1 8-4 
inches  thick,  and  excepting  those  in  the  noisj  patients,  made  bead 
and  butt  on  both  sides,  hung  with  4x4  inch  butts,  and  secured 
with  41-2  inch  mortice   locks;  thd  noisj  patients  dormitories 
doors  will  be  made  in  two  thickness  of  inch  grooved  boards,  made 
erosswise  and  put  together  with  wrought  nails  and  hung  and  se^ 
eured  in  the  same  manner  as  the  others.    In  all  the  dormitory 
doors  will  be  an  iron  wicket  inserted  with  a,  spring  lock  on  each 
<described  under  the  head  of  iron  work);  sash  doors  will  be  made 
and  hong  in  the  partition  wall  between  the  associated  dermitories 
and  the  attendant's  rooms  with  locks  same  as  dormitory  doora. 
All  the  closetSi  clothes  hopperSi  dumb  waiters  and  bath-room 


163 

doors  will  be  made  the  same  as  tboee  of  the  dormitorie3  and  1  IS 
inches  thick,  hang  with  3  1-2  inch  butts,  and  secured  in  the  same 
manner ;  the  doors  also  in  the  4th  etorj  of  the  wings,  also  the 
doors  in  the  first  and  third  storj  of  the  center  building,  but  in 
thickness  they  will  be  two  inches;  tlie  doors  in  the  second  story 
center  building  will  be  panelled  the  same,  but  made  in  two  thick- 
nesses of  1 1-4  inches,  secnred  together,  hung  with  5x5  inch  butts 
and  secured  with  5  inch  mortice  locks ;  the  4th  story  center  build- 
ing room  doors  will  be  1 1-2  inches,  closets  1 1-4,  hung  and  secured 
same  as  bath  room  doors ;  all  the  doors  excepting  th^  closet,  bath- 
room and  ^d  and  4th  stories  center  building  will  have  three  hinges 
on  each  door. 

INSIDE  SHUneBS. 

All  the  windows  in  the  centre  building  will  have  inside  shatters  ^ 
one  inch  thick,  m  four  folds,  bead  and  butt  on  one  side,  flat  panel 
on  the  other,  and  styles  and  rails  slightly  bevelled,  to  be  hung 
with  back  flaps  and  secured  with  hooks  in  the  nsual  manner ;  all 
excepting  those  of  the  4th  story  to  be  cut  at  the  meeting  rail,  and 
in  the  1st,  2nd  and  3rd  stories  front  they  will  fold  into  boxes,  and 
where  the  walls  are  thicker  than  required  to  secure  the  shutters 
the  jambs  will  be  widened  to  meet  them;  all  the  others  will  open 
againdt  the  jambs  without  boxes ;  the  inside  shatters  will  be  square 
headed  in  all  the  frames ;  clothes  hoppers  will  be  made  where 
marked  on  the  plans,  enclosed  by  doors  on  every  stwy ;  a  horizon- 
tal shaft  for  ventilation  will  be  made  of  planed  and  grooved  boards 
over  the  corridois  of  the  wings,  which  will  connect  with  the  venf 
tilators  on  the  roof;  all  the  brick  flues  and  likewise  the  shaft 
through  stairs  will  be  made  to  empty  into  &e  same ;  particalw 
care  will  be  taken  to  have  it  air  tight;  those  for  the  centre  builds 
log  will  be  led  by  dnot^  up  into  the  dome  above  the  floor  of  tho 
same,  made  smooth  on  the  inside  and  perfectly  air  tight 

otosBm. 

All  the  closets  will  be  made  where  marked  on  the  plans,  and 
ilted  itf>  with  shelireS)  and,  where  needed,  pin  rails  and  clothes 


1«4 

pip^  of  the  most  approyed  kind ;  and  in  the  dining  rooms  an^ 
fhose  for  kitchen  purposes^  tho  abelvoB.  will  be  made  moveable  fw 
eleaoBing. 

DUKB  WArrSBB, 

Will  be  made  of  the  most  approved  kind,  to  be  hung  wit^ 
Weights,  and,  in  addition,  viDdlass  will  be  required  to  work  from 
below;  where  required,  the  dumb  waiters  will  be  enclosed  with 
doors,  which  come  under  the  denomination  of  closet  doors,  and 
will  be  made  the  same.  All  the  dumb  waiters  operate  from  the 
eellar  upwards. 

WATISB   OIXXSSIB, 

Will  all  be  made  where  marked,  and  will  require  a  seat  hinge^ 
to  operate  in  connection  with  the  plumbing.    Each  noisy  patient^i 
dormitory  will  be  fitted  up  with  one  where  marked  on  the  plan* 
cThe  water  closet  intended  for  the  physician's  family,  will  be  en- 
closed, with  riser,  in  the  usual  manner  of  dwelling  houses. 

BATU    B001I9. 

All  the  wood  work  required  in  the  securing  of  the  tubs  an^ 
other  matters,  will  be  attended  to  by  the  carpenters.  Frames  foir 
wire  will  be  made  and  hung  on  the  inside  of  the  windows  of  all 
the  dormitories  of  noisy  patients,  and  to  four  in  eaeh  of  the  othev 
wardS|  and  secured,  with  a  spring  ]o<^  and  bolt 

CBAPSU 

The  chapel  will  be  fitted  up  with  comfortable  pews  without  doors, 
srtth  scroll  backs.  A  platform  will  be  raised  three  risers,  and  a 
neat  pulpit  or  desk  built  upon  the  same. 

All  the  locks  must  be  of  a  superior  kind,  and  case-hardened^ 
and  must  be  made  so  that  the  keys  of  one  wing  cannot  possibly 
epen  the  locks  of  the  other ;  and  tn  additiim  to  the  locks  on  tlM 
doimilory,  will  be  two  small  fiush  bolts  on  the  corridor  side  of  ihe 
dooi;  and  the  doors  will  all  be  hinged  to  open  outwards  into  the 
oorridor.  ^he  carpenter  will  be  required  to  put  up  all  iron  guards 
imd  inside  iron  frames,  and  doors  or  |;rate«  in  the  same,  se^mre  all 
ih^  anchors  on  the  joists,  and  attend  tq  settiAg  the  ijroii  wi^i/m 


165 

guards  of  the  cellar.  AU  lintels  mast  be  placed  upon  tbeir  edgJeti 
and  to  stilt  the  thickness  of  the  walls,  and  none  less  than  eight 
inches  deep  for  the  doors,  and  six  laches  for  the  windows.  All 
Requisite  bond  timbers  and  wooden  brick  to  be  cut  for  the  brick 
layer,  and  attention  paid  to  setting  the  same ;  also,  to  setting  all 
window  frames,  door  frames,  &c.  < 

WASH  BOASbB. 

The  wash  boards  in  the  centre  building,  first  and  third  storieSi 
will  be  ten  inches  wide,  including  a  sub-base  of  two  and  a  half 
inches ;  in  the  second  story  it  will  be  twelve  inches,  likewise  in- 
cluding a  sub-base,  and  mouldings  on  the  top  of  each.  All  the 
joist  will  be  of  pine,  and  the  first  floor,  free  i¥om  sap,  and  all  the 
lumber  to  be  thoroughly  seasoned,  and  of  the  best  quality,  for  the 
different  kinds  of  work,  and  the  work  be  to  done  in  the  beat  and 
most  substantial  manner.  All  hardware  must  likewise  be  of  the 
best  quality;  also  smith  work,  including  every  thing  in  both  branch- 
es  requisite  to  complete  the  carpentry  in  a  workmanlike  manner. 

TIN    WOBK. 

The  whole  building,  including  domes,  ventilators  and  balconies, 
will  be  covered  with  the  best  cross  leaded  roofing  tin,  put  on  stan- 
ding grooves,  and  well  cleated  to  the  board8,painted  on  both  sides, 
the  upper  side  two  coats,  the  first  coat  to  be  read  lead  ;  all  the  gut- 
ters will  be  properly  formed  in  the  roof,  and  a  sufficient  number 
of  four  inch  conductors  to  be  put  up  to  convey  the  water  to  the 
ground,  and  spout  stones  to  be  provided  for  the  same.  The  whole'of 
fhe  base  of  the  domes  will  be  covered,  commencing  with  the  roof^ 
in  a  complete  and  satisfactory  manner;  tin  flues,  12  inches  in  di- 
ameter,will  be  required  for  dust  conductors,  with  flanges  and  doors 
of  iron  made  and  hung  in  the  cross  corridors  of  each  story  of 
wings,  as  shown  in  the  plan. 

PLASTERINO. 

All  the  interior  walls,  partitions  and  ceiling3  above  the  first  floor 
-Will  be  plastered  with  two  coats  of  brown  mortar  and  one  of  hardi 
white  fiuish;  the  cellar  ceiling  of  the  warm  air  chamber  will  also 
be  plastered  in  two  coats  of  brown  mortar ;  all  the  jambs  of  the 
windows  in  the  dormitories  and  fourth  story  of  the  wings,  will  b^ 


168 

plastered  and  angles  rounded  :  those  of  Uie  Parlors  aod  BiDing 
rooms  will  be  plastered  and  a  monlding  ran  on  the  angUis,  as  will 
also  the  windows  on  the  rear  portion  of  the  center  building,  inela-* 
ding  the  chapel:  in  the  fourth  storj  front,  thejambs  will  be  roimdedj 
the  inside  of  the  dormitory  duors  will  also  be  rounded ;  in  the 
Jiitchens,  store  rooms,  dormitories,  water  closets,  bath  rooms 
and  drying  rooms  a  coating  of  hydraulic  cement  will  be  put  on 
the  walls  directly  above  the  floor  instead  of  wash  boards.  On  all 
the  rough  flooring,  excepting  the  fourth  story  center  building,  will 
be  put  a  coating  of  mortar  one  inch  thick|  and  the  same  kept  one 
inch  below  the  top  of  the  joists  for  deafning  of  sound.  The  mor- 
tar for  the. plastering  of  the  interior  to  be  composed  of  clean  sharp 
sand,  and  fresh  burnt  lime,  and  slaughtered  hair,  in  such  proper* 
tions  as  will  insure  an  approved  cement 

ROUOn  OASTINO. 

All  the  exterior  walls  will  be  coated  with  rough  casting  mortar, 
composed  of  washed  sand,  fresh  burnt  lime,  and  in  the  mixture  a 
portion  of  tallow,  each  in  such  proportion  as  will  insure  an  appro- 
red  cement,  the  whole  to  be  laid  off  in  blocks  in  imitation  of  cut 
stone,  and  tinted  as  directed.  The  architrave  of-  the  windows  will 
be  formed  in  the  same  material. 

8PBAKINQ    TUBES 

Will  be  inserted  in  the  walls  to  communicate  with  the  dining 
rooms  and  kitchen,  and  bells  also  in  connection  with  them. 

GAS  PIPES 

Will  be  inserted  in  the  walls  and  ceiling  all  over  the  buildings 
except  the  dormitories. 

PAIXTINO  AND   OLAZmO. 

All  of  the  wood  work  usual  to  paint  will  be  painted  in  three 
coats  of  pure  white  lead  and  linseed  oil,  in  such  colors  as  directed. 
All  the  iron  work  likewise  in  three  coats,  the  fiist  to  be  read  led, 
to  be  finished  as  directed.  The  rooting  of  the  domes,  all  likewise 
included,  and  in  such  colcrs  as  directed.  All  the  sash  will  be 
glazed  with  tha  best  American  glass,  well  bedded,  bradded  and 
back  puttied.  Tlio  alzes  can  be  had  from  the  plana  on  whickthej 
are  marked. 


J67 

tOOPY.] 

PROPOSAL. 

We,  the  undersigned,  propose  to  do  the  excavaMon  of  the  cel- 
lars and  aU  other  neeessary  excavation  of  earth  and  rock,  and  far- 
QABh  the  materials,  and  do  all  of  the  masonry,  stone  and  brick 
work,  inolnding  iron  bars,  and  bolts  and  fastenings  for  the  same^ 
for  the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  in  accordance  with  the 
plans  and  specifications  now  in  the  office  of  the  commissioners,  to 
wit: 
Ifar  oxeavatioD  of  oommon  earth,"  and  depoflititig  the  aame  at  a 

conveaient  distaQce  iVom  the  ^olldiDgs,  and  lereliiig  the  aame^ 

per  cuWc  yard, $00  35 

For  ezcavatioD  uf  looae  aad  detached  rocka^  and  moviDg  the  earner 

per  cable  yard 00  75 

Sor  ezcaTation  of  solid  rock  and  moving  the  aame»  per  cubic  yaid,  1  50 

For  fumisbing  rock,  lime,  saod,  Ac,  and  laying  up'themaio  walls 

and  cellar,  partition  and  corridor  walls,  per  perch, 400 

For  all  fine  cat  stone  for  sills,  pilasters^  flagging,  Ac,  per  foot,. ..  1  00 

For  bricli  laid  in  walls,  per  thousand, ^ 13  50 

For  iron  bars,  bolts  and  fasteningS) .w 00  35 

For  Pine  lumber  in  work, 40  00 

ForOak      do        do  95  00 

Forlatbingin  workcompleta 95 

Tin  roofing,  per  foot, 18 

Flaatering.  per  yanl, 30 

Painting  mai  n  building  and  finishing  materials  dc^ 1«300  00 

Tainting  each  wing  and  furnishing  materials, 775  00 

Carpenter  work  for  main  building, il,350  00 

do  do        each    wing .....^ 6,600  00 

Fbr  all  extra  items  not  includied   In  the  above  bid,  we  will  eharge  ~the  oanal 
i«tall  market  pricei 

The  above  bid  is  on  conditions  that  the  whole  is  accepted,  and 

the  supposition  that  the  rock  can  be  had  from  the  qnarry  near  the 

tavern  at  the  going  rates ;  if,  however,  the  qnarrj  should  prove 

inspfflcieat,  there  would  have  to  be  added  for  hauliDg;  but  it  is 

our  opinion  tliat  the  qnarrjr  will  prove  good  and  sufficient  for  all 

pufpoieB,  with  some  expense  in  opening. 

O.H.  LAMAR, 

ARTHUR  RE8LEY. 
J^adisoD,  October  Slit,  1854. 


BOND. 

Know  all  men  by  thet 8  prcaentoi  That  we,  Andrew  IVondfit  and 
James  C  Pixmdlit,  N.  P.  Ilawks,  Win.  M.  Jacques,  Albert  Alde% 
David  E.  Clapperton,  Wm.  II.  Thomas,  Wm.  M.  Ddnnia,  Beriak 
Browo^  William  S.  Strong,  Samuel  Qalo,  Q^x  P.  Delaplatm, 
Slisha  Bardick  and  £.  W.  £dgerton,  are  held  and  firmlj  boud 
unto  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  in  the  sum  of  fiftj  thousand  dolfam^ 
lawful  money  of  the  Uoited  States,  for  which  payment^  well  aad 
tmly  to  be  made,  we  binil  ourselves,  our  heira,  executors  and  ad- 
ministrators, jointly  and  severally,  firn:ly  by  these  presents^ 
Sealed  with  our  seals,  and  dated  at  Madison,  the  Capital  of  aaid 
State,  this  sixteenth  day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  dor  Lord 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-four. 

The  condition  of  the  above  obligation  is  such,  that,  whereas,  the 

said  Andrew  Proudlit,  has  this  day  entered  into  a  contract  with 

the  Commissioners  of  the  Wisconsin  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  to 

ere^  a  certain  building  therein  described.    Now,  therefore,  if  tbir 

said  Andrew  Prondfir,  shall  well  and  truly  perform  the  said  work, 

aod  erect  the  said  building  in  all  respects  in  strict  compliance  with 

the  terms  and  conditions  of  said  contract,  and  the  spectfieationti 

And  proposals  thereto  annexed,  and  at  the  time  therein  named, 

then  this  obligation  to  be  void ;  otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force 

and  virtue  in  law.    . 

ANDBEW  PROUDFIT,  [i^a 


JAMKS  K.  PROUDFIT, 
N.  P.  HAWKS, 
WILIJAM  M.  JACQUES, 
ALBERT  ALDEN, 
DAVID  E.  CLAPPEBTON, 
WM.  II.  TUOMAS, 
WILLIAM  M.  DEMNIS, 
BERIAU  BROWN, 
WILLIAM  8.  STRONG, 
SAMUEL  HALE, 
GEO  KGB  P.  DELAPLAINE, 
KLISUA  BURDIUK, 
E.  W.  EDQEIUON. 


L.S. 
f  ■ 
Li. 


I1.8 

W 

LB. 

L.8. 
LB. 


M 
w 


MDrosnr  repobt. 


The  nndeFsigned  a  miaority  of  4be  oeimaittM  appointed  to  koh 
castigate  matters  relatii^  to  the  Lunatio  Aaylaniy  beg  lea^  la 
eabmit  the  foUowing  minority  i^ort : 

They  very  much  regret  that  they  cannot  agree  with  the  ini()oti«' 
ty  of  the  committee  in  reporting  vpon  a  matter  of  anoh  great  nn- 
porlance,  both  as  to  the  magnitude  of  the  intereatfl,  and  the  chair- 
acter  and  oondnot  of  the  public  offieera  inrcdred. 

The  nndersigned  do  not  propose  to  review  €ft  pass  npon  the  wU 
denee  elicited  by  this  investigation,  but  will  confine  themselves  te 
the  legal  question  of  the  validly  of  the  contract  entered  into  be* 
tween  Mr.  Proudfit  and  thp  state,  as  one  of  paramount  importanae 
and  which  must  decide  the  action  of  the  legislature  upon  the  sub- 
ject. 

The  act  under  which  they  let  the  contract  is  grossly  imperfeoti 
in  not  prescribing  the  time,  place  and  manner  in  which  the  sealed 
proposals  of  the  bidders  should  be  opened,  canvassed  and  decided* 
The  law  only  requires,  that  they  shall  publish  a  notice  in  at  lead! 
six  newspapers  in  this  state,  and  for  six  weeks  successively,  thai 
sealed  proposals  will  be  received  by  them,  for  furnishii^  materia 
alS)  and  doing  the  work,  and  then,  they  are  required  to  ^^award 
the  contracts  to  the  lowest  bidders."  In  using  their  discretion  i|| 
this  respect,  when  the  law  is  entirely  silent  upon  the  subject^  tins 
commissioners  may  have  acted  impi  udently  and  improvidentl^v 
but  at  the  same  timie  have  violated  no  law.  They  may  iJso  have 
contracted  for  the  erection  of  more  of  the  buildipg^  than  for  tha 
present  was  either  necessary  or  prudent,  but  in  this  respect,  the 
law  alao  vests  in  them  the  fullest  dis^etioa  hj  the  language  in  tiie 
Tth  section  relating  to  the  amount  of  the  work  to  let    *^0r  auch 


170 

portion  thereof,  as  the  CommisBioners  may  deem  it  advisable  to 
have  erected."  These  are  questions  of  care,  pmdence  and  jndg* 
ment,  npon  which  men  may  differ  and  not  be  chargeable  with  bad 
faith  or  wilful  wrong. 

It  is  our  opinion  however,  that  nothing  has  been  elicited  by  this 
investigation,  that  can  impair  the  validity  of  the  contract  entered 
into  with  Mr.  Prondfit,  and  as  this  opinion  is  based  npon  a  con- 
stmction  of  the  act  of  the  last  Legislature  *^  To  provide  for  a  State 
Lnnatic  Asylam,"  it  will  be  necessary  to  examine  that  act  with 
some  care,  to  ascertain  if  possible  its  tme  meaning  and  intent 
Sec.  8  of  said  act  provides,  that  'Hhe  said  commissioners  are  here- 
by farther  authorized,  with  tho  advice  and  consent  of  the  Gover- 
nor, to  cause  to  be  erected  npon  the  gronnds  purchased  ibr  that 
pnrpose,  suitable  buildings  for  the  nse  and  accommodation  of  said 
institution.  Iq  tho  last  part  of  section  7,  it  is  farther  provided 
that, "  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Qovomor,  they  shall  de- 
termine the  time,  manner  and  order  in  which  the  erection  of  all 
the  buildings  and  work  contemplated  by  this  act,  shall  be  com- 
menced, prosecuted  and  completed."  In  section  6,  it  is  made  the 
duty  of  the  superintendent  to  *'  collect  such  information  in  rela- 
tion to  similar  institutions  as  he  may  think  proper,  and  lay  the 
same  before  the  board  of  Oommissioners."  These  provisions  tak- 
en from  several  portions  of  the  act,  no  one  we  think  will  deny, 
give  to  tho  Commissioners  the  fullest  and  most  ample  power  and 
discretion  to  build  suitable  buildings  for  the  institntion,  which 
they  may  exercise  according  to  their  own  judgment,  and  any 
plans,  specifications  and  estimates  they  may  adopt,  and  any  con- 
tracts with  third  peraons  they  may  make,  in  the  exercise  of  the 
dis^etion,  which  the  provisions  impose,  will  unquestionably  bind 
the  State.  Bat  it  is  claimed  that  section  4,  limits  and  restrains 
this  power  and  discretion  of  the  Commissioners.  It  provides  tha^ 
**s«ch  buildings  shall  be  constructed  in  accordance  with  the  plan 
of  the  Worcester  Hospital  for  the  insane,  commended  by  the  com- 
mittee in  their  report  to  the  Senate.'^ 

This  limitiDg  dause  is  followed  by  the  proviso^  ^  provided  that 


171 

Baid  commissionerB  shall  have  power  to  make  anj  alterations  there- 
in  which  they  may  think  necessary,  and  which  will  not  materially 
change  such  plan,  or  increase  the  cost  of  said  building.^'  Any  one 
can  see  that  this  proviso  enlarges  and  .was  intended  to  enlarge  the 
limiting  cUuse  of  this  section,  and  to  give  the  commissioners  more 
power  pud  discretion  to  deviate  from  the  plan  proposed  in  the  first 
clause,  than  they  would  have  had  without  it;  and  it  therefore  fol- 
lows, that  this  proviso  is  not  to  be  consulted  to  restrain  but  to  en- 
large the  power,  and  the  first  clause  can  only  serve  to  limit  the 
ample  powers  and  discretion  granted  by  other  portions  of  the  act. 
It  seems  to  be  an  established  rule  of  construction,  that  when  any- 
thing out  of  the  statutes  is  referred  to,  to  limit  or  restrain  the  gen- 
eral scope  of  the  act,  the  extrinsic  thing  or  fact  referred  to,  must 
be  definite  and  certain,  else  it  is  to  be  rejected  as  migratory,  and  it 
is  submitted,  that  this  rule  is  the  only  safe  one  in  tlio  construction 
of  statutes.  If  it  should  be  permitted  to  go  out  of  the  statute  it- 
self, and  examine  witnesses  and  take  testimony  to  explain  and  con- 
strue it,  and  ascertain  its  meaning,  statutes  would  be  of  little  use 
for  any  purpose  except  for  litigation.  If  we  apply  this  rule  to  this 
limiting  clause  of  the  4th  section,  which  refers  to  "  the  plan"  as  re- 
commended by  *Mlie  committee"  "  in  their  report,"  questions  at 
once  arise,  what  plan!  what  committee?  what  report?  questions 
which  cannot  be  answered  without  going  out  of  the  statutes,  and 
taking  testimony  to  ascertain  what  the  legislature  intended  by  this 
extrinsic  reference,  and  if  witnesses  could  be  found,  who  would 
swear  that  any  certain  plan,  or  conmiittee,  or  report  was  really 
meant  and  intended  by  the  le^^islature,  would  such  evidence  be 
proper  and  safe  in  attempting  to  arrive  at  the  real  intention  of  the 
law  making  power?  In  short,  it  is  submitted  that  the  clause  is  ut- 
terly void^  for  iudcfiniteness  and  uncertainty,  and  cannot  operate 
to  limit  or  restrain  the  power  and  discretion  of  the  Commissioners 
to  build  suitable  buildings,  and  is  to  be  rejected  as  void  and  mi- 
gratory. 

But  admit  for  the  sake  of  the  argument,  that  this  clause  doeg 
limit  thooe  officers  to  this,  or  any  other  general  plan  of  a  build- 


173 

iog,  wbat  is  meant  bj  itt  Does  it  limit  the  size,  dimensions,  qnnt 
itj  of  material  or  character  and  qoalitj  of  the  work  of  art  em- 
ployed in  tbeconstractlonf 

.  The  commissioners  maj  adopt  a  certain  plan  of  bnilding,  as  re- 
quired by  this  clause,and  still  have  and  exercise  the  laigest  dis- 
cretion, in  all  these  respects,  without  anj  violence  to  the  plan. 
Patents  for  inventions  maj  be  obtained  by  depositing  with  the 
Commissioner  of  Patents  a  plan  or  model  of  the  invention,  of  the 
dieapcst  cost  and  of  the  smallest  size,  and  afterwards  the  inven- 
tor raaj  conBtract  his  works  of  costlj  material  and  of  large  dimen- 
sions, and  bo  protected  bj  his  patent  The  model  or  plan  has 
nettling  to  do  with  the  dimensions,  qnality  or  cost;  and  so  here 
the  commissioners  may  be  true  to  the  plan  proposed  and  yet  not 
be  limited  at  all  in  dimensions,  qnality  or  cost,  and  they  might 
have  contracted  with  a  third  person  to  build  this  institution,  in 
such  a  style  of  architecture,  and  of  such  material,  as  would  cost 
millions  of  dollars,  without  any  violence  to  this  claase.  Tet  we  do 
not  believe  that  such  a  contract  would  bind  the  state ;  not  because 
it  would  be  in  violation  of  section  4,  but  because  it  would  be  an 
abuse  ^'f  the  reasonable  di;5cretion  vested  in  the  commissioners, 
by  other  parts  of  the  act,  requiring  them  to  build  suitable  build- 
ingii,  &c.  It  cannot  be  said  that  the  cost  is  limited  in  the  proviso, 
for  the  proviso  purports  to  enlarge  the  limits  imposed  in  the  first 
clause  and  not  to  contract  them.  If  this  construction  is  correct^ 
then  *'  the  power  to  make  any  alterations  in  the  plan  which  they 
may  think  necessary,"  contained  in  the  proviso,  by  giving  any 
force  whatever  to  the  language,  leaves  the  commissioners  to  the 
exercise  of  the  same  power  and  discretion  vested  in  them  by  other 
parts  of  the  act,  limited  only  by  tlie  reasonable  rule  of  common 
law 

Tin's  view  will  make  those  parti  of  the  act,  which  requires  them. 
to  build  '*  suitable  buildings,"'  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Qo/ernor,  t^  "  determine  tiie  manner  in  which  the  erection  of  all 
ihe  buildings  and  work  contemplated  by  this  act  shall  be  com- 
menced, prosecuted  and  completed,'*  and  which  requires  the  so- 


1T8 

j^rintendent  to  ^*  collect  snch  informatioD  in  relation  to  eimilar 
bBtitntious,  aa  he  maj  think  proper,  and  laj  the  pame  before  tho 
board  of  commissioners,"  has  some  consistent  meaning  an(}  effect| 
and  any  other,  it  is  submitted,  would  nullify  them  altogether,  gnj 
other  as  more  constrained  meaning  attached  to  the  act  (han  pre^ 
sented  in  this  view,  would  utterly  defeat  the  object  of  the  law,  i(  . 
the  comnDissiouerd  should,  upon  full  information,  be  satisfied  that 
the  plan,  cost  and  quantity  of  tbo  Worcester  Asylum,  would  bci 
totally  impracticable  in  building  the  asylum  in  this  state.  For, 
in  that  caae,  if  they  adopted  it,  they  would  be  justly  censurablo, 
and  if  they  changed  it,  it  would  be  without  the  authority  of  laf", 
and  their  proceedin  gs  would  be  void.  The.  commissioners  ar$ 
themselves  made  the  judges  of  what  alterations  are  material,  and 
what  are  not,  and  full  discretion  is  vested  in  them  in  this  respecti 
by  the  use  of  the  language,  "  which  they  may  thiuk  necessary/' 
^ntained  in  the  limiting  clause.  Why  authorize  and  require  thQ 
inperintendent  '^  to  collect  information  in  relation  to  similar  jnf^« 
tntionff,  and  lay  the  same  before  the  commissioners,"  if  they  hav^ 
no  discretion  to  use  such  information  in  the  con^traction  of  the 
buildings! 

In  applying  the  foregoing  views  to  the  question  of  the  vi^lIditjK 
of  the  contract  with  Proudfit,  it  is  imported  further  to  consider 
that  the  act  authorizes  the  letting  to  the  lowest  bidder  ^4he  furn- 
isbing  of  materials,  and  the  doing  of  the  work  for  the  election  of 
the  Asylum  buildings."  This  language  itself  clearly  shows  that 
the  contractor  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  plans,  thai 
may  be  adopted  for  the  woik  by  the  commissioners,  and  is  not 
at  all  re^ponsible  for  one  plan  or  another,  but  by  the  act,  ho  i^ 
made  a  mere  employee  of  those  ofHcers,  and  when  itiscQncede4 
fhitt  they  have  the  right  to  employ  any  one  to  furnish  ^^th^ 
material  and  do  the  work,"  his  rights  in  the  contract  are  cam« 
pletCi  and  the  liability  of  the  State  fixed  and  unquestionable* 

By  this  act  the  contractor  is  not  presumed  to  know  anytkiii|^ 
at  all  ab9ut  the  action  of  these  Commissioners  before  the  timq 
th^  announce  to  him,  the  f^ct  that  h|a  bid  to  furnish  materlali 


174 

and  do  the  worlc,  has  been  declared  by  them  to  be  the  lowest^ 
anl  that  he  is  therefore  employed  ;  and  if  the  Commissioners 
have  abused  the  discretion  vested  in  them  by  the  State,  the  rule 
of  law  applicabhpto  ordinary  cases  of  principal  and  agent,  that 
if  any  one  is  to  suffer  by  the  abuse  of  the  authority  and  dis- 
cretion of  the  agent,  it  is  to  be  the  prmcipal  and  not  those  per- 
sons who  have  dealt  with  such  agent  in  goad  faith,  will  be  most 
eminently  and  conclusively  applicable,  to  the  contractor  under 
this  law. 

The  state  committed  the  first  error  in  the  matter,  in  the  passage 
of  a  law,  and  the  creation  of  a  board  of  oflScers,  with  such  unde- 
fined and  unlimited  powers,  audit  is  now  too  late  to  visit  the  con- 
sequenees  of  such  ill-advised  legislation  upon  private  citizens  who 
trust  and  labor  for  the  state  under  its  protection.  The  commis- 
sioners may  have  been  in  fault  in  devising  and  letting  the  con- 
struction of  the  asylum  buildings,  and  the  estimates  and  rates  of 
labor  may  bo  too  high,  but  it  is  submitted  that  this  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  legal  question  of  the  validity  of  the  contract. 

They  may  be  liable  to  the  state  for  any  damages  the  state  may 
suffer  by  their  abuse  of  the  power  vested  in  them  by  the  act,  or 
fbr  bad  faith,  or  official  corruption,  in  the  discharge  of  the  trusts 
imposed,  but  it  would  utterly  destroy  all  confidence  in  public 
agents,  if  persons  employed  by  them  to  do  work,  or  furnish  mate- 
rial, for  any  given  State  enterprise,  and  who  in  good  faith  should 
enter  upon  their  employment  and  invest  their  means  and  labor, 
in  the  honest  and  faithful  discharge  of  their  contracts,  should  be 
visited  by  the  state  with  repudiation.  It  is  believed  that  this 
contract  is  not  alone  in  being  justly  chargeable,  with  high  and 
unreasonable  rates  and  charges  for  work  and  labor  for  the  state, 
which  has  been  made  by  public  o£Scers  with  private  individuals. 
*  Hardly  a  contract  with  this  state,  daring  its  past  history,  can  be 
found  that  is  not  liable  to  the  same  complaint,  and  that  too  when 
made  under  laws  vesting  far  less  discretion  in  the  officers  than  the 
eomhiissioners  have  under  this  act,  and  repudiation  lias  never 
yet  been  attempted,  and  it  is  an  honor  to  the  state  that  it  has