J84
I 29.63
975/FY
PUBLIC
USE
of the
NATIONAL
PARK
SYSTEM
Fiscal Year
Report - 1975
UNIVERSITY OF GECR&IA
MAY 20 m*
"ST* a i~
LIBRARIES
DEPOSITORY
NPS PUBLICATION NUMBER 157
PUBLIC USE
OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM
FISCAL YEAR REPORT - 1975
National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
October 1975
ill
IV
FOREWORD
The National Park System contains the basic values
of our civilization. It contains the physical progres-
sion of our universe. And it contains the opportu-
nity for the understanding and the self-awareness
that can help us survive in this troubled era.
The Park Service faces many problems, but we
hope to solve most of them. I represent a corps of
people dedicated to preserving the National Park
System and providing in parks the joy of discovery
and the strength of understanding for all people.
GARY EVERHARDT
DIRECTOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
May 20, 1975
CONTENTS
Page
Foreword v
Introduction 1
Areas in the National Park System 4
Summary Data 6
Visits, by Management Categories 9
Overnight Stays and Visitor-Hours 10
Systemwide Visitation by Month,
1971-1975 12
Special Analysis 14
Fiscal Year 1975 Public Use Patterns 15
Bicentennial Visitation Expectations .... 17
Map (Centerfold) 22
Individual Park Statistics 25
Footnotes to Table of
Individual Park Statistics 45
Notes Regarding Data Collection
and Presentation 46
Definitions 47
For Additional Information 48
Listing of Regional Offices and
Their Addresses 49
VI
INTRODUCTION
There are hundreds of units in the National Park
System, ranging from tiny historic properties to
vast natural areas of over 2,000,000 acres in size.
These parks are found from northern climates,
with short seasons of active visitation, to the
tropics, where use can occur year-round. They are
found in our largest cities and in remote, sparsely
populated regions.
Visitation to memorials and national shrines such
as Independence National Historical Park and the
Lincoln Memorial is intense over most of the year,
and the use occurs on a small land base. Heavy use
also occurs in certain parts of the larger parks at
certain seasons, long weekends, or peak periods
within a day.
Servicewide visitation to the parks is almost always
upward, though individual areas may have varying
patterns. This is an historical trend that appears to
be inevitable as long as increases in population,
larger discretionary incomes and improved mobil-
ity are operative or until effective capacities are
established and enforced for individual parks. On
the other hand, an energy crisis or other national
emergency can change this trend completely.
Another upward bias is built into the historical
statistics on public use of the parks. New parks are
added by each Congress and, in the fullness of
time, enter into public use statistics.
In FY 1975 total visits showed substantial increase
over FY 1974, but this increase is partially due to
visits recorded in areas not reporting in 1974. The
largest new item is Gateway NRA which had 6.9
million visits in FY 1975.
Other principal components of the 1975 increase
were Buffalo NR, Golden Gate NRA, and Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal NHP. Visits to these areas
are for a complete 1975 Fiscal Year.
Changes in counting procedures occur at individual
areas from time to time. Some of these procedural
discontinuities lead to increases, some to decreases,
so it is difficult to generalize about their effects on
the Systemwide total. Occasionally, however, there
is a large systematic shift-usually upward-affect-
ing a major segment of the System's data; examples
are the 1960 redefinition of a park visit (coupled
with centralization of control over counting proce-
dures), and its full implementation in 1971 with
respect to nonrecreation use.
Reliable statistics and careful analysis of their
significance are important tools for park managers
in planning for the use of the parks. Theirs is the
dual task of protecting park resources and pro-
viding for their use by our and future generations.
Reference to the quantitative measures of use is
essential if we are to provide a quality park
experience. Awareness of discontinuities in the
time series of such measures is a prerequisite to
proper interpretation of the data.
Widespread interest in statistics on national park
use is found also among public agencies at all
levels, planning organizations, universities, travel
associations, and private groups of individuals.
Such statistics are used as an indication of the
extent and probable growth pattern of the Nation's
leisure industry.
KINGS CANYON NP
Sequoia Lake, West of General Grant Grove
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SPECIAL ANALYSIS
The purpose of this section is to illustrate specific
aspects of public use of the National Park System,
in order to create a clearer picture of the diversity
of use and the various factors that affect intensity
of visitation.
Included in this issue are two brief essays; one on
Public Use Patterns in FY 75 and the other on
Bicentennial visitation. Also included is a map
showing CY 74 visitation data distributed accord-
ing to States and other political entities (the
District of Columbia, U.S. Virgin Islands and
Puerto Rico).
GOLDEN GATE NRA
Children playing in the surf
14
FISCAL YEAR 1975 PUBLIC USE PATTERNS
Despite rising costs of travel and a rather sluggish
national economy in Fiscal Year 1975, public use
of National Park System areas appeared to exhibit
a rapid recovery from the energy-crisis-stricken
period which overshadowed FY 74.
Total reported visitation to NPS areas in FY 75
was 228.9 million, an increase of nearly 20 million
above FY 74 reported levels of use. New areas' use,
however, accounted for a relatively large propor-
tion of that increase. In particular, Gateway
National Recreational Area in New York which
began reporting officially in July of 1974 recorded
nearly seven (7) million visits in FY 75.
As a means of developing a more realistic compari-
son of annual aggregate changes in use levels, two
hundred and thirty two (232) park areas which
were reporting in FY 73, FY 74, and FY 75 were
selected for evaluation. Aggregate use data for
these areas are shown in the following table.
Total Visits (in thousands)
Percent
for 232 selected areas
Change
FY 73
199,656.5
—
FY 74
193,273.8
-3.2%
FY 75
203,861.2
+5.5%
Thus, for a stable population of park areas, the
FY 75 increase was slightly over 10 million or 5.5%
when compared with FY 73. Only 4.2 million
more visits (+2.1%) were recorded in FY 75 than in
FY 73. Increases in use occurred at 68% of the 232
park areas when comparing FY 75 to FY 74.
However, only 111, or 48%, of the areas reported
larger numbers of visits in FY 75 than in FY 73. It
is apparent that for many parks, 1972 and 1973
still constitute the peak use years in recent history.
Based on preliminary data, however, the summer
season of 1975 is likely to set many new attend-
ance records. A thorough report on summer season
15
trends will appear in the Calendar Year 1975
Public Use Report.
Over the long run visitation is likely to continue
increasing as long as population and family in-
comes rise. Historical growth in annual (Calendar
Years 1964 through 1974) visitation is presented in
graph 1 . The graph shows as a solid line the visits
total (in millions) as reported, and as a dotted line
an adjusted visits total which excludes (a) new
areas' data and (b) data for nine park areas which
were largely responsible for the sharp jump in
reported use totals in 1971 resulting from a basic
change in counting procedures.
TOTAL REPORTED VISITS
\DJUSTED TOTAL VISITS
(base year- 1964)
CALENDAR YEAR
Graph 1. Visits to National Park System areas, showing gross totals
reported for 1964 through 1974, and adjusted totals on a 1964 base
(excluding data for new areas which began reporting after 1964 and
for 9 other areas significantly affected by changes in counting
procedures).
In 1976 total visitation to NPS areas is expected to
top a quarter of a million visits. The lure of
Bicentennial programs and events, the subject of
the following article, will play a significant role in
attracting users next year.
16
BICENTENNIAL VISITATION EXPECTATIONS
The National Park Service has spent several years
and over $100 million in planning and preparing
for the nation's Bicentennial. Activities and pro-
grams directly related to the history and future of
our Nation are scheduled at more than 250 NPS
areas under the Bicentennial themes Heritage,
Festival, and Horizon. An important part of the
NPS Bicentennial program has been the extensive
construction program initiated in Fiscal Year 1973
at 23 selected areas for the restoration and
rehabilitation of historical structures and environ-
ments and the building or installation of new
visitor facilities to provide for visitor experiences
of outstanding quality. A travelling performing arts
show on colonial life, films highlighting various
aspects of the nation's history, a travelling Bicen-
tennial art exhibit, and numerous publications are
being sponsored by the National Park Service as
part of the Bicentennial celebration. Specific infor-
mation on Bicentennial activities and programs can
be obtained by writing to the Office of Public
Affairs, National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240.
• ; v fcJ&£
Visitors to Saratoga National Historical Park in New York during
the American Revolution Bicentennial may enjoy demonstrations of
"living history," as well as learning more about a key battle of that
war.
17
As a result of the Bicentennial celebration, tourism :
in 1976 is expected to increase dramatically as ,
both Americans and foreigners seek to discover the
resources and people that made America. Based
upon a survey commissioned by the American
Revolution Bicentennial Administration in the
Spring of 1975, forty-four million U.S. adults
expect to visit a Bicentennial site or event during a
vacation trip in 1976. Weekend trips, day outings,
and Foreign tourism to Bicentennial sites or events
will add substantially to the number of persons
actively participating in the 200th birthday of the
United States. According to the ARBA survey, the
four primary destination areas for Bicentennial
tourists on vacation trips will be Washington, D.C.;
Boston, Massachusetts; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
and Williamsburg, Virginia. The National Park
Service has jurisdiction over many of the prime
Bicentennial sites and attractions in or near these
areas.
For example, Independence National Historical
Park in Philadelphia, the area most closely associ-
ated by the American public with the people and
events which led to the successful independence of
this country from British control, is expected to
draw the largest numbers of Bicentennial tourists
in 1976; 7.5 million touring the historic buildings
and an additional 7.6 million visiting the grounds
and mall area and participating in special events.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction of historic build-
ings and the construction of a new visitor center
and the Liberty Bell pavillion at Independence are
some of the improvements being made to prepare
for the Bicentennial. The capacity for Inde-
pendence NHP to attract and accommodate large
crowds for special events was amply demonstrated
in September of 1974 when the City of Philadel-
phia in cooperation with the National Park Service
held an old-fashioned block party, "Olde City
Sunday," which drew an estimated one million
participants in one day. The reenactment of the
First Continental Congress and displays of life in
the eighteenth century were some of the events
highlighted.
In Washington, D.C., preparations for the Bicen-
tennial include the remodeling of Union Station
into a National Visitor Center and the construction
of Constitution Gardens in the heart of the major
tourist areas of the city. Estimates of the number
of out-of-town visitors expected in the Nation's
Capital have varied widely. The White House
18
Bicentennial Task Force is preparing for as many as
seventeen million visitors to the Washington Area
in 1976 and National Park Service sites will be
important itinerary items for many of these visi-
tors. Approximately 2.5 million visits are antici-
pated at both the Jefferson Memorial and the
Washington Monument. The White House will be
toured by nearly 2 million persons and the
Arlington House in Virginia is expected to record
nearly 800,000 visits. Capacity constraints
are likely to play a major role in limiting the
number of persons who can view first hand many
of the historical buildings and monuments during
the peak travel season. The Lincoln Memorial, a
relatively open and accessible structure, is expected
to report between four and five million visits in the
Bicentennial year. A popular annual event held on
the mall in Washington, D.C. is the American
Folklife Festival which is sponsored jointly by the
Smithsonian Institution and National Capital
Parks. About 515,000 visits were recorded at the
1975 Festival during the last week in June and the
first week in July. On July 4th, alone,
110,000 persons visited the Festival and
176,000 attended the Independence Day Cere-
monies on the Monument Grounds. An extended
Folklife Festival is planned for the summer of
1976 as a part of the Bicentennial program and as
many as five million visits are projected.
In the Williamsburg, Virginia area, the National
Park Service has jurisdiction over most of James-
town Island, the site of the first permanent English
settlement in America, Yorktown, scene of the
culminating battle of the American Revolution, the
Colonial Parkway which links these sites to Colo-
nial Williamsburg, and the Cape Henry Memorial,
marking the site of the first landing of the
Jamestown colonists. The vicinity is rich with
historic values and has traditionally been a popular
tourist destination. The State of Virginia has
designated the region as the focal point of the
State's celebration of the Bicentennial. A State
Bicentennial Exposition is planned in the vicinity.
Over 1 2 million visits to Colonial National Histori-
cal Park are forecast for 1976, a 25 to 30 percent
increase over estimated 1975 use levels.
In the Boston Metropolitan area, the National Park
Service is involved in the administration of a
variety of sites which are closely related to the
development of our country. Already in 1975
significant increases have occurred in visitor use of
19
these historieal areas. Longer daily and weekend
hours of operation in 1975 at Faneuil Hall in the
Boston National Historical Park resulted in larger
numbers of tourists this year. Many more are
expected in 1976. Because the seven historical sites
in the Boston NHP (the Old North Church; Old
State House; Bunker Hill; Old South Meeting
House; Boston Naval Shipyard, berth for the U.S.S.
Constitution; and the Paul Revere House in addi-
tion to Faneuil Hall) were not actually admin-
istered by the National Park Service in FY 75, their
use data were not officially reported and are not
included in our published use statistics herein. In
nearby Concord, Massachusetts, Minute Man Na-
tional Historical Park, the scene of the April 19,
1775, confrontation that opened the American
Revolution, conducted a Bicentennial Commemo-
rative Ceremony at North Bridge on the 200th
anniversary of the historic battle. Highlights of the
ceremony included a parade and a visit by Presi-
dent Gerald Ford. Over 100,000 persons attended
the ceremonies. More than one and a half million
visits are forecast for Minute Man NHP in 1976.
Other NPS sites in the Boston area which are
closely associated with the Revolutionary Era
include Longfellow National Historic Site, which
besides being the home of poet Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow from 1837 to 1882 was the headquar-
ters site for General George Washington during the
siege of Boston in 1775 and 1776; Salem Maritime
National Historic Site, which was the only major
A r J
L
w
Established in 1959, Minute Man NHP contains three units; the
Lexington-Concord Battle Road, the Old North Bridge and Minute
Man Statue in Concord, and the Wayside, home of the Alcotts,
Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Sidney also in Concord. An
interpretive station is in the Buttrick Mansion overlooking the North
Bridge.
20
port never occupied by the British during the
Revolution; and Adams National Historic Site, the
Home of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy
Adams, of Charles Francis Adams, U.S. Minister of
Great Britain during the American Civil War, and
of the writers and historians Henry Adams and
Brooks Adams.
NPS areas throughout the nation are anticipating
larger numbers of tourists in 1976, at least partially
due to the emphasis on the Bicentennial. Displayed
in the following table are use data for thirteen
areas closely associated with the Revolutionary
Era. These data are for the first six months only of
1973, a relatively normal travel period; 1974, a
period characterized by the dramatic onset of the
energy crisis; and 1975, a period when economic
uncertainty continued to prevail but optimism was
on the upswing.
PUBLIC USE AT THIRTEEN SELECTED BICENTENNIAL SITES
JANUARY-JUNE VISITATION (in thousands)
1973 1974 1975
Adams NHS
7.8
5.9
9.8
Colonial NHP
4,512.9
4,071.5
4,475.6
Fort McHenry NM & HS
242.2
206.9
255.4
Fort Necessity NB
73.8
53.5
72.5
George Rogers Clark NHP
31.1
33.6
39.3
George Washington B'place NM
88.6
43.1
86.4
Hopewell Village NHS
66.3
49.8
61.2
Independence NHP
988.1
966.3
1 ,476.9
Kings Mountain NMP
169.9
176.0
288.0
! Minute Man NHP
258.1
282.7
559.2
! Moores Creek NMP
17.8
19.4
24.0
! Salem Maritime NHS
151.3
102.7
136.1
Saratoga NHP
125.7
113.8
124.5
21
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INDIVIDUAL PARK STATISTICS
Displayed in the following table are FY 74 and
FY 75 Recreation, Nonrecreation and Total Visita-
tion Data (in thousands) for individual areas of the
National Park System.
Two-hundred and sixty-seven (267) listings are
presented, however, only two hundred and fifty
seven (257) areas were officially reporting as of
June 30, 1975. FY 74 data and partial FY 75 data
(through December 1974) are shown for nine
National Cemetaries which are now administered in
conjunction with their associated historical units
and Grand Canyon and Marble Canyon National
Monuments which were eliminated as separate
units in the Grand Canyon National Park Enlarge-
ment Act effective January 1975. Voyageurs Na-
tional Park reported use in the first two months of
FY 74 and it is listed here even though its report
status has been discontinued. Thus only 255
individual listings are valid as of June 30, 1975.
Two areas, Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National
Recreation Areas, are reporting use, however, their
data are combined, no breakdown available, with
that shown for North Cascades National Park.
Each listing includes the state or states in which
the park is located and the regional office through
which it is administered. Regional office abbrevia-
tions are used :
MA Mid-Atlantic Region
MW Midwest Region
NC National Capital Parks
NA North Atlantic Region
PN Pacific Northwest Region
RM Rocky Mountain Region
SE Southeast Region
SW Southwest Region
W Western Region
Regional office addresses are shown on the inside
back cover.
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iNOTES REGARDING DATA COLLECTION
AND PRESENTATION
Public use data are collected in the field year-round
on a continuous basis, except at a few parks which
are closed for the winter. Excepted from the
reporting requirement are those areas not in
Federal ownership, a few parks where it is imprac-
tical to produce consistent or meaningful data, and
a few parks which are not yet open for public use. !
All data are as of the end of the year (fiscal or
calendar) unless otherwise noted.
Note that certain areas which are administratively
considered as parts of National Capital Parks are
listed in their own right as units of the National
Park System, and no data for them are included in |
that shown for National Capital Parks for FY 75.
Those areas are :
Antietam NBS
Arlington House— The Robert E. Lee Memorial
Catoctin Mountain Park
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal NHP
Clara Barton NHS
Ford's Theater NHS
Fort Washington Park
Frederick Douglass Home NMem
George Washington Memorial Parkway
Greenbelt Park
Harpers Ferry NHP
Jefferson Memorial
The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
Arts
Lincoln Memorial
Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Grove on the
Potomac
Manassas NBP
National Visitor Center
Piscataway Park
Prince William Forest Park
Rock Creek Park
Sewall-Belmont House NHS
Theodore Roosevelt Island
Washington Monument
White House
Wolf Trap Farm Park
46
Due to a sharp wrench in the designation and
classification of areas in the National Park System,
based on legislative actions and administrative
decisions in late 1974 and early 1975, the number
of areas administered and reporting use between
FY 74 and FY 75 appears to have declined. The
decline, however, is illusory.
As of June 30, 1974, 298 areas were defined as
part of the National Park System. Twelve new
areas were authorized by the 93rd Congress which
brought the total to 310 areas. Another legislative
action caused the elimination of two National
Monuments as separate units through their addi-
tion to Grand Canyon National Park. Thus the
National Park System would have consisted of 308
lareas under the 1974 designation system.
However, several administrative decisions resulted
in additional changes. The ten National Cemetaries
were dropped as separate units and are now
considered part of their associated historical areas.
Fifteen areas previously considered part of the
National Park System have been moved into a new
category called Affiliated Areas. These areas draw
on the NPS budget but are neither staffed nor
owned by the Federal government (another area,
the International Peace Garden, not previously
counted in the System's list was designated an
Affiliated Area which brings that total to sixteen).
Two parkways and Wolf National Scenic Riverway
were delisted completely, as they are not expected
to remain under NPS jurisdiction. Therefore the
deletion of 10 National Cemetaries, 15 Affiliated
Areas, and the 3 areas placed in deferred status
brings the total to 280.
Finally, recognition was given to six units of the
National Capital Parks as separate parks in their
own right bringing the total number of areas in the
System to 286 as shown in the summary tables.
The effect of the changes on the number of areas
reporting is described briefly on page 24 and also
in the footnotes to the table on Individual Park
Statistics.
DEFINITIONS
As used in this report, certain terms have special-
ized definitions:
47
Visit - The entry of any person, except National
Park Service personnel (meaning staff of cooper-
ating associations, concessioners and contractors,
as well as those directly employed by the Service,
and the households of personnel resident in the
parks), onto lands or waters administered by the
National Park Service.
Visitor - A person who generates a visit as defined
above. Though this same person may enter the
same park a number of times, or several different
parks over the course of the year, he is counted as
a separate visit for each entry.
Visitor-Hour - The presence of one or more visitors
in a park for continuous, intermittent, or simulta-
neous periods of time aggregating one hour (e.g.,
one person for one hour, two persons for one-half
hour each, etc.)
Overnight Stay - The passing of one night by a
visitor within a park (on park lands or waters, not
on private inholdings within the park boundaries).
An overnight stay occurs each night a visitor
remains in the park.
Recreation - Any reportable use of National Park
Service areas for the purpose of engaging in any
activities except those which are a part of, or
incidental to, the pursuit of a gainful occupation.
Nonrecreation - Any use other than recreation use
as defined above.
Management Category - Basically, one of three cat-
egories of parks for which management policies
have been promulgated by the National Park
Service. These are "natural," "historical," and
"recreational." National Capital Parks is essentially
an urban park system not statistically truly com-
parable with the individual parks of the National
Park System.
Fiscal Year - Year running from July 1 to June 30,
and designated by the calendar year in which it
ends.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORM A TION
If more detailed information about visitation
is needed, please contact the Statistical Unit,
National Park Service, Washington, D.C.
20240.
48
LISTING OF REGIONAL OFFICES
AND THEIR ADDRESSES
Regional Director
Mid-Atlantic Regional Office
National Park Service
143 South Third Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Regional Director
Midwest Regional Office
National Park Service
1709 Jackson Street
Omaha, Nebraska 68102
Regional Director
North Atlantic Regional Office
National Park Service
150 Causeway Street
Boston, Massachusetts 021 14
Regional Director
Pacific Northwest Regional Office
National Park Service
523 Fourth & Pike Building
Seattle, Washington 98101
Regional Director
Rocky Mountain Regional Office
National Park Service
P. O. Box 25287
Denver, Colorado 80225
Regional Director
Southeast Regional Office
National Park Service
1895 Phoenix Blvd.
Atlanta, Georgia 30349
Regional Director
Southwest Regional Office
National Park Service
Box 728
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Regional Director
Western Regional Office
National Park Service
450 Golden Gate Ave., Box 36063
San Francisco, California 94102
Director
National Capital Parks
National Park Service
1100 Ohio Drive, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20242
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