Skip to main content

Full text of "Putnam's monthly"

See other formats 


This  is  a  digital  copy  of  a  book  that  was  preserved  for  generations  on  library  shelves  before  it  was  carefully  scanned  by  Google  as  part  of  a  project 
to  make  the  world's  books  discoverable  online. 

It  has  survived  long  enough  for  the  copyright  to  expire  and  the  book  to  enter  the  public  domain.  A  public  domain  book  is  one  that  was  never  subject 
to  copyright  or  whose  legal  copyright  term  has  expired.  Whether  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  may  vary  country  to  country.  Public  domain  books 
are  our  gateways  to  the  past,  representing  a  wealth  of  history,  culture  and  knowledge  that's  often  difficult  to  discover. 

Marks,  notations  and  other  marginalia  present  in  the  original  volume  will  appear  in  this  file  -  a  reminder  of  this  book's  long  journey  from  the 
publisher  to  a  library  and  finally  to  you. 

Usage  guidelines 

Google  is  proud  to  partner  with  libraries  to  digitize  public  domain  materials  and  make  them  widely  accessible.  Public  domain  books  belong  to  the 
public  and  we  are  merely  their  custodians.  Nevertheless,  this  work  is  expensive,  so  in  order  to  keep  providing  this  resource,  we  have  taken  steps  to 
prevent  abuse  by  commercial  parties,  including  placing  technical  restrictions  on  automated  querying. 

We  also  ask  that  you: 

+  Make  non-commercial  use  of  the  files  We  designed  Google  Book  Search  for  use  by  individuals,  and  we  request  that  you  use  these  files  for 
personal,  non-commercial  purposes. 

+  Refrain  from  automated  querying  Do  not  send  automated  queries  of  any  sort  to  Google's  system:  If  you  are  conducting  research  on  machine 
translation,  optical  character  recognition  or  other  areas  where  access  to  a  large  amount  of  text  is  helpful,  please  contact  us.  We  encourage  the 
use  of  public  domain  materials  for  these  purposes  and  may  be  able  to  help. 

+  Maintain  attribution  The  Google  "watermark"  you  see  on  each  file  is  essential  for  informing  people  about  this  project  and  helping  them  find 
additional  materials  through  Google  Book  Search.  Please  do  not  remove  it. 

+  Keep  it  legal  Whatever  your  use,  remember  that  you  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  what  you  are  doing  is  legal.  Do  not  assume  that  just 
because  we  believe  a  book  is  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  the  United  States,  that  the  work  is  also  in  the  public  domain  for  users  in  other 
countries.  Whether  a  book  is  still  in  copyright  varies  from  country  to  country,  and  we  can't  offer  guidance  on  whether  any  specific  use  of 
any  specific  book  is  allowed.  Please  do  not  assume  that  a  book's  appearance  in  Google  Book  Search  means  it  can  be  used  in  any  manner 
anywhere  in  the  world.  Copyright  infringement  liability  can  be  quite  severe. 

About  Google  Book  Search 

Google's  mission  is  to  organize  the  world's  information  and  to  make  it  universally  accessible  and  useful.  Google  Book  Search  helps  readers 
discover  the  world's  books  while  helping  authors  and  publishers  reach  new  audiences.  You  can  search  through  the  full  text  of  this  book  on  the  web 


at|http  :  //books  .  google  .  com/ 


\^-'"\^^ 


* 


w^ 


\i 


^  Vi\S   M0\T]ILY 


-^  G  A  Z  i  ^  E 


!■■. 


MIJKK    . 


UTNAM'S  MONTHLY 


MAGAZINE 


or 


American   H'lUtntntt,   S^dntt,   »nb   %ti. 


VOL.  IV. 


•  •        •  *  • 


JULY  TO  DECEMBER,  1854. 


.•  ..  -    •         •-•• 


NEW  YORK: 

«.  P.    PUTNAM   &   CO.,    10    PARK    PLACE.' 

LONDON:  SAMPSON  LOW,  SON  «  CO. 

HOOOCUT. 


>  according  to  Act  of  Oongren,  In  the  jear  1854,  hj 
G.   P.    PUTNAM  A   CO., 
In  the  Clerk*!  Office  of  the  District  Oourt  for  the  Southern  District  of  New-Toilc 


W.  H.  TDWON, 
Panmai  akd  BruMrm, 


CLOSE   OP   THE    FOURTH   VOLUME- 


10  Tarh  Plaet,  Dt€9mb§r  1,  1854. 

With  the  present  Number,  ends  the  Fourth  Volume,  and  the  second 
year  of  PutnanCs  Monthly. 

In  commencing  the  undertaking,  the  Publishers  were  fully  aware 
that  in  a  time  of  immense  intellectual  activity,  and  in  a  country  of 
great  and  various  literary  rivalry,  where,  in  the  absence  of  an  interna- 
lional  copyright,  the  choicest  works  of  the  best  foreign  genius  are  to 
be  had  for  the  taking,  the  task  was  not  easy,  of  founding  and  sustain- 
mg  a  Magazine,  at  once  universal  in  its  sympathies,  and  national  in  its 
tone. 

The  continued  and  increasing  favor  with  which  the  Monthly  has  been 
received,  is  the  best  possible  proof  that  the  task  has  been  in  some 
degree  fulfilled. 

It  was  certainly  impossible,  with  any  just  regard  to  the  necessary 
diflferences  of  thought  in  a  country  like  ours,  to  avoid  all  censure  in  the 
conduct  of  the  Magazine,  because  it  was  not  possible,  with  an  equal 
regard  for  the  liberty  of  the  author,  and  the  good  sense  of  the  reader, 
to  trim  every  article  to  a  certain  level.  Yet,  both  in  the  choice  of 
topics,  and  in  their  treatment,  the  Publishers  are  confident  that  no 
thoughtful  man  has  found  anything  unjustly  partisan,  since  both  sides 
of  all  the  important  social,  moral,  and  political  questions  which  have 
been  discussed  in  these  pages  have  had  an  equal  chance,  and  an  impar- 
tial consideration. 

The  New  Volume  of  the  Magazine  commences  under  the  best  possi- 
ble auspices.  Its  position  is  now  assured.  Two  years  have  demon- 
strated the  extent  of  its  circle  of  friends,  and  that  circle  is  constantly 
widening.    The  Magazine  has  not  only  the  sympathy,  but  the  actual 

^90941 


Omtenti  of  Vol  IV. 


TL— Thij  Mil  tft  Om  ■wI  of  BatUriE*!;  and  after- 
vards  Ffgfai  Um  Bilp-of-War  Drake— Th«  Bzpcdi- 
fion  that  Balled  from  Qroiz-^lwy  Flf  ht  the 
flerairie. 69S 

Ih  thk  Lank 610 

Jewish  Chmktxet  atNkwpoet 80 

Last  Pokt  Out 213 

LioHTHiNo-EoD  Man 131 

LiTSRATUBH  OF  AlMAN ACS 270 

Lost  onk  Found 330 

Living  in  the  Countet 619* 

Kan— Is  Man  One  oe  Mant 100 

Kaeian  in  bee  Cell. 262 

Mr  Husband's  MoTBBE 206 

ItKS.  HAon^iruit's  BitL 660 

If ATUEAi.  Diplomatists. 104 

ItfEixiB  Watc&iMo. 387 

If OTBLS— TbEIU  MeaNXNO  AND  MiSSION  389 

Notes  veox  itt  Knapsaox. 

Ho.  ▼.— TVadeis^-J^piYe  Asierleaii^— Tehleolar 
(hrlodlg^-Ohoreli  Interrleir— Qrand  MUltary  DU- 
pUjAo. 91 

Cue  PartieiI  and  Politxos 233 

''OuE  Parties  AND  Politics"— A  South- 

eenee's  View  of  the  Subject 633 

]^aintee*s  poetfolio 357 

PicoxeoaN 36 

Slu'eautt  of  Worlds 503 

POPULAE    SlfPBRSTlTIONS    AND    BaLLAD 

Literature  of  England  in  the 
MiDDLt  A«S8 378 

Peairie  Letters — Trail  of  the  Lost 
Child 291 

pROPEE  Spbsrs  of  Men — A  Letter 

FROM      ONE      OF     THE      "  StRONO- 

...      MiNDto" 305 

Palinode 570 

PowEBs'  Grebe  Slate 666 


&AMBLES  OTEE  THE   BeALMS  OF  YbBBS 

and  Substantives. 472 

Rambles  ovee  the  Bealms  of  Veebs 

AND  Substantives  (Seoond  Paper)  602 
Bepeoof— The  Beplt 433 

SEAFtOM  SHdEE 41 

Shadow;  The 421 

Smithsonian  Institute 121 

Some  Western  Birds 75 

Songs  that  Nevee  were  Sung 290 

Spiritual  Materialism 158 

Stage  Coach  Stories  (Concluded) . . .  175 

<St.  Anthony's  Falls 35 

Stoet  of  an  Opeba  Singee 512 

Sea 666 

Tmanxsgiving .....421 

Three  Gannets 536 

Tme  Violet 29 

ToLtea 173 

Tbip    feom    Chihuahua    to   Siebba 

Madeb 106 

The  Art  of  Eating 581 

To  mt  Heebaeium 632 

Titbo»tom*s  Speotaclbs 64'9 

Vespers  /. 536 

Wall  Street — A  Brobdionaoian  look 

AT  it 31 

Waterino-Place  Worries 551 

Weeder,  The 304 

West  Point  and  Cadet  Life i92 

Wilds  of  Noethern  New  Tobx 263 

Wood  Notes 185 

"        The  Foebsiv-Thx  Lake  247 

WiNDBAEP,  The 56d 

Tanxbe  Diogenes 483 

Tobxtown  ih  1854. 87 


EDITORIAL  jrOTBS. 


Aturiean  LUeratw, 


Avalanche  of  Female  Anthor»— Oookerv  Books 
—Mrs.  QlaM-Min  Leilie-The  Master's 
Hoaee,  by  logan—Benton'i  Thtrtj  Tears* 
▼lew— Capron*!  Hiatory  of  OaUforala— Bar- 
gent's  Standard  Reader— Photographic  Views 
of  Bgjpt — ^Hammond's  nills,  Lakes,  and  Forest 
Scenes— Oammings'  Scripture  Beadlncs— The 
Tent  a9d  the  Altar— Baker's  School  Mosio-* 
Falconer's  Poems— Poea»  of  Samnel  Rofers— 
Greece  and'  the  Oolden  Horn— Protestant 
Ohoreh  fn  Utanf ary 110 

Ford's  HlstOfgr  of  IHlnoIs— Mrs.  Stephen'!  Faah- 
ion  anjl  FStnlne— Arnold's  PhUovophical  His- 
tori  of  Free-Mafonry— Abraham  Mflls's  Poets 
and  PoeCrr  of  Andent  Greece— Atherton— 
Ufa  snd  its  Ataii— Protestantism  In  Paris— 
Repttes  f6  the  fdllpee  of  Faith— The  Money- 
Maker-:))isq!Oiirf^  of  Ablet  Abbot  iirer- 
moi  I    Wakjt  6t  the  Formation  of  OpInloDap- 

Address  at  AaUochOoUif   ■■yard  tA|8o(f*s 


Joomey  to  Central  AfHoa—MOes's  RamMes  in 

-  loeland.    * tt8 

Na^Motn,  or  Reef-Rorinff  In  the  Sooth  Seas— 
Ballou's  History  of  Cuba— Dr.  Elder's  Peri- 
■eoplos— Moore's  Sncydopfodia  of  Mosio— 
Bfr.  Bungay's  Olf-takings  and  Crayon  Sketehes 
—The  Youth  of  Jefferson— Bertha  and  Lily,  by 
Mrs.  S.  Cakes  Smith— Hoppln's  Notes  of  a 
Theologioal  Student— Professor  Koeppen's 
Wortd  of  the  Middle  Ages.  ...  451 
Apoeatastasis,  or,  Progress  Backwards— Captain 
Oanot's  Twenty  Tear's  of  African  Stavery— 
Utos  of  the  Chief  JnsUcee  of  the  United 
s/ States— Party  Leaders— Whittier's  Literary 
Recreations— Baskenrille's  Translations  of 
the  German  Poets— Hermit's  Dell— Slmms's 
Soooi— Raymond's  Rochester  Address — Gan 


Scholar— Bfards  of  the  BiMs— AfiraJa— Fredot's 
Modem  History— The  AbbA  S6gur^s  Short  and 


(den,   or   Piotoree    of    Cuba— Shakspeare's 

-  -   -       ^ -"*)ls— AfiraJa— Fredot'i 

»M  S6gur*s  Shoi 
FamUlar  Answers  Old  Redstone— I 
and  Mebraska— Irans*  and  Dickeraone*  Books 


OontenU  of  Vol  IV. 


m 


Mahu,  Wtytani  and  HIekoek*! 
jfatoyhyitet  atMwmr't  Orgaale  ChrisUaoltj 
— TiM  Drmmatte  Worka  of  Beaomont  and 
ftelclMr— Tajlor*t  Poema  of  the  Orient— Biy- 
aat't  Pot  an  Napoleon,  his  Ooart  and  Family 
— FaraUcs  of  the  New  Tcataroent— Tha  Bt- 
aeots  of  Characteff^-OomUi*t  PhilooophT— 
MlM  Oooper*s  Rhjmo  aod  Eeaaon  of  the 
Ooaatry— The  KolckeilMcker  Oallery— Oains 
b7  the  Wajrtlde— Ulj  Gordon,  the  Toung 
BoMckoeper— Mr*.  8oathworth*t  Loft  Heirets 
—The  Weatmintter  Ravlew't  Notlot  of  Mrs. 
8lMr«*t  floanr  MeoMriea— Ljttrla  .    MT 

MUprmi9  and  JWtr  EditionM, 

GhOda'  Edition  of  the  Poemt  of  Sir 


•r  Social 


Thomas  Wyatt,  the  Earl  of  Borrev  aod  Tho- 
Maa  Campbell— Eedfleld*s  Edition  of  the  Noetea 
Ambroslaom,  wlUi  Dr.  klaekeosle*!  Notaa 
Vm^H  IdlOon  of  llaasey*s  Pocma.  .         4U 

IL  English  LUerature, 

Oava^s  Theory  of  Homan  RfOfresslon  Bcmanti 
Bial  Bdenca— Talfoord's  Literary  Ra- 
to  Vacation  Ramblea— 
Pr.  Lee*s  Last  Days  of  the  Emperor  Alexaa- 
dcr  aod  the  First  Days  of  Nicholaa-IvaD 
OoloTln^  Nations  of  Russia  and  Tarfcey- la- 
atitatioos  of  8t.  Pttersburf — Talfoard*s  Oas- 
tillaa— Dr.  Waacen's  Treasorca  of  Art  In 
«real  Britain— New  Works  In  Um  EncUsh 
Praoa— The  Workinf  Women  of  tiie  last  Half 
Ocatary— Balwer*s  New  Novel— History  of 
BMlaod  In  RhyoM— Dr.  8olcar*s  Stotas  Sys- 
tam  of  Enrope— Phemie  M Ular.  .    Ill 

Tke  Plarality  of  Worlds— Sir  Darid  Brtwstar— 
WhewvU— Memorials  of  Amelia  Opie— Alison's 
History  of  Borope—Constantiitopio— Russian 
Chmpaigna  In  Turkey- Barker*s  New  Transla- 
tion of  the  niad— Oeosehtaf«r*s  Corregfio— 
Baa  8llck*i  Americans  at  Home— Reoent  Rn- 
gUsk  Norala-Mra.   Oowdaa   OUrke'a    Iran 


llM  OolpmiMir— Anbrcj^- 
Ooonterparta,  or  the  Cross  of  Love— Nanetii 
and  her  LoTora— RadoUflSi'ft  Frianda,  Ohotfta, 
andSpritea. SM 

Lord  lfahon*s  History  of  England— M%|or  Aa- 
drd*s  Capture  and  Rzscution— Erronaoas 
▼lews  of  his  Condemnation- His  Judges  Vln- 
dlcatad— Patmore*!  Friands  and  Acquaint- 
ancea—Hailitt*s  Manners.       .       .       .    4M 

Bohn's  Publications— Professor  Maurice's  Eeda- , 
siastkal  History  of  t^.e  First  and  Second  Ce»- ' 
turles— Fenerbaeh't  Easanca  of  Christianity 
A  Memoir  of  the  Life  aod  Soienti&o  Researcnas 
of  John  Daltoo-^lnringism  and  Mormonism 
tasted  by  Scripture — Professor  Aosted^ 
Scenery,  Science,  and  Art— Alnsworth*s  FUtah 
of  Baoon— Wilkie  Collina*  Hide  and  Seab— 
Han  nay  *s  SatirisU MB 

Roger's  English  Prisoner  la  Roaala— The  la- 
giah  PobUshlng  Trade— Autobiography  of 
WBuJay. in 


in.  French  LUerature. 

Arago^  Memoirs  and  Wetti  A  History  of 
Turkey,  by  Laosartiae— OeoAney  St.  HUalra^ 
Natural  Utotory— Oriental  Works  in  the 
French  Press lit 

Aoudee  PIchort's  Charles  Qolnt— Les  Mormona 
Life  of  Joseph  Bonaparte— M.  Orasset  and 
J.  J.  Ronsseso— Lamar  tins'!  Memoirs  cf 
Oelebratad    Characters    Cosssoks    of     the 


IV.  Fine  Arte, 

Raskin's  Lectaree  In  Idlnkorgh— 4)nlzotle  at- 
tacks on  Greek  Architecture— Pre- Raphad- 
Itlsm— Raskin  wanted  In  New  York— Stones 
of  Venlee~What  Man  ahauld  epend  their 
■Mney  for,  Ac ttl 

The  New  Tortt  Aeadeosy  of  Maslo-Grisi  and 
Mario— Lentae's  New  Plotiura  of  Washlngtoa 
at  the  Battte  of  Menmauth.     ...   Oil 


PORTRAITS  OF  CONTRIBUTORS. 


ne  aathor  of  the  "  PonraAa  PAraas."— (GEO.  WM.  CURTIS.) 
The  aaU»or  of  ti>e  **  VisiOKa  or  HAnB88B.»'-<BAYARD  TAYLOR.) 
The  aaUior  of  "Swallow  BAaa."— (Hon.  JOHN  P.  KRNNRDY.) 
ne  aathor  of  "Ooa  Naw  PaBBi]»aT.''-<PARKE  GODWIN.) 
The  anther  of  "Monwain  JooBiiia.'*-<J.  RU8BBLL  LOWELL.) 


PUTNAM'S  MONTHLY. 


VOL  IV.— JULY.  1S54.— NO.  XIX 


19  KAN    OKE    OR    MANTI 


m^ffftf  if  J^BwWW^ 


IT  it  not  our  fl^1)i«et^  m  notkhi^  ihfs 
iiDpartant  work,  to  011  tor  upon  any 
cxkwkd  cntlcMm  of  iti  mcriU  and  do- 
fmU^  Volh  oC  wliicli  ftre  obripui  enough] 
aer  lo  imderUlc*  to  ««ttlt  tb«  eontroferay 
!■  vbkli  it  rtkUfli  but  Bimjily  to  of- 
Jnii  lo  fcia  cofiteotjtf  with  such  inctdc^n- 
Ul  rrttifflcii  A»  inaj  oortir  Ui  us  in  Ute 
e<MBVi  of  thtt  ffv?kw.  It  tfl  ftn  origiiiil, 
J  uidf  wi  tniv  Mv,  quite  revo- 
r  pr«iiiitAtk>n  of  1X3-  \mjmyiX  sub- 
Jmiiand  ««  oir*  it  to  the  iitithm^  la  well 
M  to  our  ivftdcn,  mhsfm  mrt  trjf  lo  ke«p 
ioi«w«d  0f  all  tho  l«adiaf  motoiiiiatt  to 
Um  world  of  h^^Mx%  to  mftka  ionia  fslmic' 
IBMI  of  tJio  nitojfie  tnd  bouing  of  its  u-- 

It«  |||Rio«l  iMtrport,  ftn4  tJuit  of  \Xm 
mnmu  urti,  ■»  both  bait  dcgeribed 
to  «lii  ooni^IHa  litl«L  wbidi  ntni  in  tbk 
wiM:  *^!^rpet  of  Manlitodi  or  etlino- 
\  opon  ibi?  (in- 
inp^  neulptor^ 
f  fusML  Slid  upon  tb«ir  naturil, 

toiTa  itoiintod  bv  mI««  the 

miBMMJMIV  of  SJLMirti  Mim- 

inn,  U.  u*  Alto  Pitsukknt  t^f  tbt?  Aca^lviujr 

of  KiSsnl  Sriffftff^  ««  Pbil«dd(iluft),  and 
bjr  adililioiial  ^  nii   from    Prof, 

r  '  T'-   ^  IT    -     !  M.  D.    By 

,  iuimvii^  i  .  ♦>.  %.^mj«4ii  m  < -airo/*    it 

I  Ibftt  w  aiv  oSEm»d  ntber  a 

of  iiib}«iTU  IS  well  as 


to  ifrijr  o 


F^t  in  roipooi  to  Uie  ongin  and 

I «  the  btunni  raod%  mcimllf 

1  both  ligr  Ihiolesiaiii  aiid  mm  l^ 


idenee,  in  that  which  dcrfres  thi  i 
▼aricty  of  nations  now  on  the  globe  fioiii 
tlMj  ,\dam  and  Ki*e  of  Genesis,  or  ralher 
fhxn  Noah  and  hJJi  ihroc  sons,  Shem, 
Ham  and  Japhet,  who  wito  Rnved  frotu 
tie  deluge,  in  which  all  ttie  i^hI  of  man* 
kind  perished,  and  i^ich,  aa  the  oommon 
chronaiogj  «aitiiiiatet  it,  oocutred  in  the 
16o0th  jrw  of  th«  world,  w  234B  yi»ars  be- 
fore the  btrth  of  Chnut  It  a^iiui^*R  that 
the  statements  of  5fo^s  are  irimple  TiiKtor- 
ioilftcts,  an'l  that  all  the  diiitinctlve  iliifer* 
enoea  which  wc  at  thi^  day  obserTe  among 
the  djlferent  Ikmiliea  of  men,  are  the  resulta 
not  of  an  original  diversity  «stabliahod  bj 
tho  OFsator,  at  the  lime  of  the  respecttva 
appearanoes  of  those  famities  upon  tbi 
globe,  but  of  climate,  food^  babita  of  life^ 
cif^ihsation,  inli^marriaget  and  oth«r  ox- 
tcmal  agencies,  which  haro  mnco  hecTii 
and  for  ccnturicsj  at  work*  The  Cauc*- 
iian,  the  Malay^  the  Afnerican^  the  No- 
gro,  the  Atongoi  in  ahnrt^  all  the  tribSi 
of  the  earth  aw  held  to  bo  the  litiPttl  de* 
SLiendantit  of  Noah,  or  at  f^irthest  of  Adam  \ 
and  it  Ih  inferred,  consi^quenUy,  that  they 
all  liclong  to  the  sama  species  at  Weil  as 
to  the  iwnie  g«nu8  of  aniinalsL 

llio^  ^ho  rnaiiitoln  Una  theoij  ttsi 
their  arguments  Hl^bllf  Opon  the  wofda 
of  Seripture,  thou^  tbn^  aidianrof  to  ooi^ 
firm  it  by  many  impitmta  oonsldenyoiis 
drawn  fVom  the  aoakgie*  of  naloiml  ad- 
moe,  fit>tn  the  afUnitiKi  of  langiiagn,  (No 
the  remarkable  traditions  of  Tarioiiii  peo* 
11]  Sf  and  from  tha  autbentb  reoorda  of 
hiatory.  Nearly  all  the  Oliristiao  iwcti, 
hc»w  manifold  and  oonEietuig  soeirer  tlieir 
mlsrpi«tationa  of  Scriplitro  in  otbar  f»- 
,  are  f^ngularljt  unanrmous  im,  mt^ 
I  thai  tbi  drat  book  of  Moan 
i  tbo  ktentieal  origin  of  tba  htamm 
fftfio:  mwljr  all  tha  »otl  mlimt  ack 


2 


li  Man  One  or  Manyt 


fJuly 


entists,  lingnists  and  philosopher^  such 
as  Ilumboldt,  Cuvicr,  Buffon,  Adelung, 
Schlcgel,  Bluraenbach.  Prichard,  Ac.,  adopt 
the  same  view  on  the  grounds  of  science  5 
while,  it  is  remarked,  that  the  {H^oat  ma- 
jority of  civilized  men  have  practically  ac- 
knowledged the  unity  of  the  races  by 
an  amalgamation,  which  lias  scarcely  leit 
an  unmixed  race  among  them. 

But  in  the  face  of  these  authorities,  the 
authors  before  us,  assisted  by  Agassiz  and 
Morton,  and  sustained  by  several  distin- 
guished naturalists  in  England,  France 
and  Germany,  have  founded  a  new  school 
of  Ethnology,  which  they  called  the  Ame- 
rican school,  and  which  flatly  denies  every 
fundamental  proposition  of  the  accredited 
theory.  They  say  that  all  mankind  did 
not  descend  from  a  single  head,  whether 
Noah  or  Adam  ;  that  the  several  human 
races  are  specifically  distinct ;  that  no  ex- 
ternal causes  with  which  we  are  acquaint- 
ed are  sufficient  to  account  for  the  exist- 
ing differences  of  human  species ;  and  that 
this  primordial  and  continued  diversity  is 
amply  proved  by  physiological  science,  by 
the  differences  of  languages,  by  the  nu- 
merous traditions  of  the  tribes,  and  by 
the  monuments  and  other  evidences  of  an- 
tiquity. A  more  positive  and  direct  oppo- 
sition, then,  than  that  which  subsists 
between  these  two  classes  of  inquirers, 
oannot  well  be  conceived.  They  are  at 
swords'  points  on  the  main  issue,  and  on 
all  the  subordinate  lines  of  evidence  by 
which  that  issue  is  attempted  to  be  sus- 
tained. 

We  shall  give  an  acccmnt  of  the  results 
we  have  gathered  from  the  leading  arga- 
ments  on  each  side,  but  shall  firet  pre- 
mise a  word  or  two,  in  regard  to  the  use 
of  Scripture  in  the  controversy.  Dr. 
Smyth,  of  Charleston,  in  his  work  on  the 
'*  Unity  of  the  Human  Races,"  takes  the 
ground  that  the  testimony  of  the  Bible  is 
80  peremptory  and  positive,  as  to  the 
'^origin"  of  men,  tliat  it  ought  to  put  .an 
end  to  all  controversy  on  the  subject  If  it 
is  once  clearly  revealed,  he  argues,  by  the 
unerring  word  of  Qod,  that  all  mankind 
are  the  descendants  of  Adam,  there  are 
no  demonstrations  of  science  that  ought 
to  be  allowed  to  wrest  our  faith  from 
that  fact,  or,  indeed,  which  can  be  applied 
at  all  to  the  determination  of  the  ques- 
tion. It  becomes,  exclusively,  a  religious 
verity,  not  resting  in  the  least  upon  in- 
ductive reasonings,  but  upon  the  pure 
affirmation  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  '*  No 
man,-'  he  remarks,  **  can  deny  this  doc- 
trine, while  he  reoMTts  Um  Bible  as  hav- 


ing been,  in  all  its  contents,  arranged,  or- 
dered and  directed  by  a  superintending 
Wisdom,  which,  either  directly  communi- 
cated its  statements,  or,  when  their  truths 
were  otherwise  known,  preserved  the  in- 
spired iRTiters  from  all  error  in  their 
compilation  and  presentation."  "  The 
unity  of  the  human  races,  for  which  we 
earnestly  contend,"  he  adds,  "  is  the  iden- 
tical origin  of  all  mankind,  originally  from 
Adam  and  Eve,  and  subsequently  from 

Noah  and  his  sons  " 

*'  This  question  is  fairly  and 

legitimately  a  Scriptural  one.  It  is  plain- 
ly beyond  the  discovery  of  reason.  It 
lies  in  regions  to  which  the  clue  of  history 
ofl'ers  no  guide.  It  is  immeasurably  be- 
yond the  reach  of  inductive  investigation. 
The  facts  we  cannot  discover.  Reason- 
ing upon  these  facts,  and  conclusions 
founded  upon  that  reasoning,  we  cannot 
make.  The  appeal  must,  therefore,  be 
made  to  testimony,  and  that  testimony 
must  be  divine.  And  if  this  testimony 
exists,  then  our  belief  in  the  original  unity 
of  the  human  races  is, — like  our  belief  in 
the  certain  immortality  of  the  human  soul 
in  a  state  of  hap^ness,  or  misery,  in  all 
the  doctrines  of  the  Bible^  and  in  the  orig- 
inal creation  out  of  nothmg  of  the  earth 
itself^ — an  exercise  of  faith,  abd  not  a  con- 
viction produced  by  science."* 

Dr.  Smyth,  however,  attempts  to  distin- 
guish this  aspect  of  the  question,  namely, 
that  which  relates  to  "  origin,"  from  an- 
other aspect,  which  relates  to  the  actual 
diversities  of  existing  races ;  or  to  the  ex- 
tent and  nature  of  their  differences ;  to  the 
possibility  of  accounting  for  them  by  nat- 
ural and  existing  causes ;  to  their  proper 
classification  as  varieties  of  a  single  spe- 
cies ;  or  as  the  several  species  of  a  single 
genus ;  and  finally,  as  to  whether  in  the 
case  of  any  particular  tribe  resembling 
man,  such  as  the  Dokos,  &c,  they  are  or 
are  not  to  be  admitted  under  the  genus  or 
the  species  Aomo,  or  are  to  be  classed  in 
some  lower  t>rder.  All  the  latter  ques- 
tions, he  says,  are  questions  of  science, 
which  fall  within  the  knowledge  of  our 
minds,  by  observation,  experiment  or  tes- 
timony, whether  from  the  domain  of  his- 
tory or  philosophy.  The  questran  of  ori- 
gin is  therefore  entirely  distinct  fh>ni  the 
question  of  specific  unity.  *'  The  former  is 
a  question  of  fact,  to  be  decided  by  histo- 
rical evidence,  but  the  latter  is  a  question 
of  scientific  observation  and  induction. 
^The  quostkm  of  origin,"  he  continues, 
^can  be  determined  only  by  the  evidence 
of  Scripture;  history,  tradition,  language, 


•  VBiigr«rat 


bpi«»«^0OL 


ns4.] 


li  Jtffen  Om  or  Mimy^f 


litT  U*  lh«  laifiil  irit]  h^nrt  of  .lU  tni>ni 

[94  W   tiio»e  cntom  wbkb  iir<*  employ* 
I  til  lA  fiic  iii«  dflidlkatlQa  of  otb<?r  ani- 

Tlii«  diftinrtm  m  &  dp«r  ami  ynlirl  f^rtt?, 
lo  ihm  rxtml  m  whiirh  it  divjfles  thc^  Sri* 

[kI«wI  oqcAtik*  of  ihij   htiitmn 

^ if  ill  iboMi  fftcU  fif  dril  history  And  ar- 
ifgr  wbkb  htrc  a  Wfiriti^  upon  tho 
ftlid  |ibyiiic&t  piH^ilartrit'g  of  the 
I   rmtiLyi,    uuMi   thftir   (Mirly    hornert, 
^iMr    mi  'tieir    iiitcrWcndlnijs, 

(ftfti  ihmm  Ktit  *fi  Dr.  Smyth 

)  tion  of  **ori|rin" 

IfiipfltK  •«  K«  Ki»Yt|i(>Ki«s :    fcir  if  it   Ik; 


:  wixn 

which 

rroiiL 

irl  yet 

L'    Cltl 

i  and 

I  tit\y  or  H  r  nn  uf 

Wi  bot  w*  M'  the 

<lf  llii%  f  ix.«  h«jir  i»rn  con  hi  bo 

et  prhn^rrlTtil  ^p'Hf**^,  ntjd  yet  tho 

imimiM  ;«  of  ficitcteo 

,  cod  Uik  iur{]lAJn«  hitt  lirst  error^ 
llkft  ifuiwlirm  of  Lhff  fpiniyaJ  ori{;tto  of 
Hi^  villi  ih«  q4it&Uitii  of  hi«  n^iUirftl  or 
alork  |e«ti»t«.  Now,  the  fomi^r  i« 
ttrlv  «  ^ttB»tion,  which.  i(  it  is  to  b*  re- 
Ifcd  It  ill,  iDtui  bv  rvMilrcd  by  rt!f«li»- 
M.  benuiM  tiM  iM^ltM  of  the  race,  hk<» 
I  i^  tW  mdiviJidiAl.  ftulv  iiiti  hiit-k    to 


by  firoi 
nor  iHp  Hmit  n: 
litfifi  fines  a  KUpcni  r 


il  ecji   ha 


mhI  to 

Vet,  an 


laui  unj  rrmefubDr  all  thai  occtirr«d 
I  h/m,  aAer  bltft  iaAuMryi  aiirl  tiwy  itifiv, 
of  bJM  dpT^Jop- 


ib« 


int'fit,  his  pmiinmt*  n^,  the  ntition  lo 
uhicb  h*.'  iK'loiif^M,  HTid  fit}j<*r  fm't-^  of  his 
cxfitriijiitTe :  so  A  race  miiy  arrive  at  a 
proximate?  cojicl  usion  a^  tt>  the  time  atid 
pJtice*  of  its  app'nranw  (ijwjii  earthy  Mid  to 
fl  iTrtuiii  eon V lotion  of  the  tnoro  irnporUnt 
t  hiuirrcfi  which  it  bus  sinw  uitcl4}rjfi»it& 
Ihit  thi!  I[|it«*r  inqiiiry  is  ohvbusl^^  a  pm- 
t'Titilif  or  nnttirnl  i>nt\  Ihooj^h  it  cjiimot  by 
wiy  fu^jioM  cutty  iis  furtlitn-  hjick  tlj:*n  tl>« 
priod  whcro  vt^ritfthlx*  history  tctuiinates 
b  VBgtic  triwiilion  (iml  niytholoK)'* 

'[  Sl,  i»!nr>inE:-  iktu!  ^<  ti'TitipU  have  made  % 
^  '  'IS  to  ufi.  hi  not  mif- 

ii'  .■  the  rw^itcotivi?  do- 

tn&nm  t*f  jscicjicif  anfi  rtvidalion,  in  their 
ethnithj^ri^^J^l  ifi(]tiiiio9.  The  former,  re- 
gardm^f  the  *Scriptiirca  a»  ivu  lb  wit  11  tiro 
t'Tidciik^  on  questions  of  mituntl  ot'iuur- 
i^nce,  iiave  cndeuvon-d  to  conform  all  thd 
Si*ii5ncwi  to  a  strict  litrral  rntcrpTctulioii 
of  thfin,  while  the  biter,  fijrtfd  by  tiu- 
nicraus  discrc'pimcicjtj  hjiT©  i*nK'lnime<l 
tliotse  inii^rpretnlion*  of  Scrip tiire  en- 
linfly  iniideqijiiti?,  nnd  tbaruff^re  fiilse* 
Thu«i  Dr,  Sruyth^  on  the  ii»tht*rity  of 
Gcfitisk,  leijierU  that  all  m^n  ha  to  de- 
scended from  Xoah,  and  tlmt  the  difibr- 
eiK'es  we  note  nriionj*  tbiTn,  in  r^i^itrd  to 
rmo,  are  the  msultsof  oKtenml  iidbiencea 
to  which  they  hnn  mn^  Um\  DxpoEied. 
But  Dr.  Nott^  on  the  other  hiini],  imgorts, 
Qti  tb«  authoriLy  of  the  K^^^-ptiAH  |)$o- 
turus  and  cbronnlfi^^v,  that  tho  races  ts^ 
bibitt^   tJif:  '^  rt^nfX'K  in  ihv  tiDM 

of  Noah^  ail  lore  it,  wbii^i  thejf 

do  now.  and  Umt  ibLttfortJ  t*xttrn4il  inda^ 
em%'%  har^*  bad  littli?  or  no  dlbct  in  ppo- 
dudfif  ibitn.  Their  |K)HiUonH,  U  will  Im 
19611,  m  rwiioally  hoKlit(>,  and  irn?cuii- 
CtUbte,  tipon  the  irrounds  of  filhw,  If 
Stnyth  he  right  Nijti  is  h  rone,  or  if  Xott 
h^  Mgbtf  tSui^th  ia  wroo^.  (J  rant  the 
theory  of  Siiiyth^  and  Nott***  brstorit'al 
ffli^tn  must  he  mi^t&kcx,  or  )^rHnt  tlie  ibo- 
ory  of  Nott,  and  8myth^?^  intci  prestation 
of  Gi'tic^Miti  i^  rifi^n^'nift^  Wc  do  not  njT 
here,  wht^ihi^r  of  Ih**  two  ij«  right,  but  OB» 
1v  tli^t  tioth  of  thcin  f^niiot  \h-^  miltm 
sro  may  be  iiopj>osc»d  to  prov«  oni 
iind  N^Jvncv  an  opjKiiiite  thingi  ajui 
UjLh  hv  i«q«iaHy  eorn*»^t,  wbieh  in  A^nmrd, 

We  can,  however,  n«to  iUvm^  pi.'ntl«nwi| 
■  liflienltiot,  and  prvftiTV^?  8rr(p* 

afi  Scwtice  intact  by  am^ther 
vR-;v  t>i   rno  niiitr       ^1  >tni*timis« 

takrn.     I^t  u«i  imsti^  Ikm 

rv-'"'*-"  ■■*''-■■■■  ■   ■■■!  ajid 

t!  -,  to 

CU1,.-.,L„™    ^,,.i   ,^- ,    ,, --^^,      •  ..  .iiod«' 

of  roveJelidQf  iod  to  r^tt  to  two  rattn- 


■  U«»r^tlMlla 


BiHNv  tr;  Tlhointi  Hajrtii.  a  D.,  papB  »L 


li  Man  Oni  or  Manyf 


[Julj 


I7  distinct  classes  of  troths.  The  latter 
we  will  call  a  revelation  of  truth  in  the 
natural  sphere,  or  that  sphere  of  life 
which  is  conditioned  in  time  and  space, 
and  is  the  appropriate  object  of  what  is 
termed  Science ;  but  the  former  we  will 
call  the  revelation  of  truths  which  are 
above  nature,  relating  wholly  to  the  infi- 
nite interests  of  men,  or  to  principles  not 
conditioned  in  time  and  space,  and  only 
to  be  spiritually  discerned.  May  it  not 
be  possible  on  this  supposition  then,  that 
the  Word  is  constructed  in  such  a  way  as 
not  to  deal  at  all  with  mere  natural 
events  for  their  own  sake,  but  to  employ 
them  exclusively  as  the  means  or  vehi- 
cles of  a  higher  truth  ?  May  it  not  be 
that,  when  it  speaks  of  the  creation  and 
experience  of  Adam,  it  may  shadow  forth 
the  spiritual  genesis  and  development  not 
only  of  an  entire  primitive  race,  but  of 
man  universally,  both  individual  and  col- 
lective ;  or  that,  when  it  describes  the  de- 
struction of  an  entire  globe,  with  all  its  in- 
habitants, by  water,  may  it  not  borrow 
from  the  phenomena  of  a  deluge,  the  terms 
in  which  to  express  its  sense  of  some  vast- 
er spiritual  catastrophe  ?  But,  would  it  be 
right  to  allege  in  that  case  the  literal  sense 
of  these  references  to  natural  facts  and 
events,  in  the  determination  of  a  question 
of  science  ?  If  the  primary  and  exclusive 
objects  of  the  Word  are  spiritual,  and  not 
at  all  scientific,  can  we  with  any  proprie- 
ty use  it  as  a  ground  of  scientific  evidence, 
without  doing  violence  to  its  character? 
Would  not  its  Uteral  meanings  be  simply 
incidental,  and  not  conclusive,  in  reference 
to  any  natural  subject  ?  We  confess  that 
such  is  our  view  of  the  matter,  having 
found  it  dimly  anticipated  by  Origen,  SC 
Augustine,  St.  Jerome,  and  others  of  the 
early  Christian  fathers,  though  it  is  no- 
where luminously  treated  except  by  Swe- 
denborg. 

As  this,  however,  is  not  the  place  for 
any  explanations  of  theology,  and  as  we 
are  not  empowered  to  impose  any  special 
tenets  upon  the  readers  of  a  literary  peri- 
odical, let  us  quote  a  confirmatory  para- 
graph from  one  of  the  most  sagacious  and 
eminent  literary  men  of  the  day,  who  is 
at  the  same  time  an  orthodox  Episcopa- 
lian. De  Quincey,  in  his  essay  on  Pro- 
testantism, rcmarKs : 

**It  is  an  obligation  resting  upon  the 
Bible,  if  it  is  to  be  consistent  with  itself, 
that  it  should  refiac  to  teach  science ;  ana 
if  the  Bible  ever  had  taught  any  one  art) 
science,  or  process  of  life,  capital  doubts 
would  have  clouded  cor  oonfidenoe  in  the 
authority  of  the  book.  By  what  caprice, 
it  would  haye  been  asked,  is  a  dirine  r '^ 


sion  abandoned  suddenly  for  a  human 
mission?  By  what  caprice  is  this  one 
sdence  taught,  and  others  not  ?  Or  these 
two,  suppose,  and  not  all  ?  But  an  ob- 
jection, even  deadlier,  would  have  folio w« 
ed.  It  is  clear  as  is  the  purpose  of  day- 
light, that  the  whole  body  of  the  arts  and 
sciences  composes  one  vast  machinery  for 
the  irritation  and  development  of  the  hu- 
man intellect.  For  this  end  they  exist 
To  see  God  therefore,  descending  into  the 
arena  of  science,  and  contending,  as  it 
were,  for  his  own  prizes,  by  teaching 
science  in  the  Bible,  would  be  to  see  him 
intercepting  from  their  self-evident  desti- 
nation (viz.,  man's  intellectual  benefit), 
his  own  problems  by  solving  them  him- 
self. No  spectacle  could  more  dishonor 
the  divine  idea.  The  Bible  must  no^ 
teach  any  thing  that  man  can  teach  him 
self.  Does  the  doctrine  require  a  reve- 
lation ? — then  nobody  but  God  can  teach 
it  Docs  it  require  none  ? — then  in  what- 
ever case  God  has  qualified  man  to  do  a 
thing  for  himself,  he  has  in  that  very 
qualification  silently  laid  an  injunction 
upon  man  to  do  it^  by  giving  the  power.'* 
Thus  we  may  see,  that  if  Revelation 
were  any  thing  less  than  a  disclosure  of 
principles  to  which  human  reason  is  in- 
competent (though  not  unable  to  perceive 
their  supreme  rationality  when  once  dis- 
closed), if  it  attempted  to  reveal  what  was 
clearly  within  the  constitutional  range  of 
the  human  mind,  or,  in  other  words,  if  it 
had  come  to  teach  us  the  natural  sciences, 
it  would  be,  instead  of  the  most  benignant 
gift  of  God  to  us,  one  of  the  most  fatal 
and  pernicious  instruments  of  our  degra- 
dation. Discharging  man  from  his  re- 
sponsibility to  inquire  for  himself  into  the 
mysteries  of  the  world  about  him,  it  would 
serve  to  keep  him  in  his  original  infantile 
condition,  a  mere  slavering  dependent  of 
the  Deity,  or  the  cowering  slave  of  all  the 
tyrannies  of  nature.  It  is  through  the 
exercise  of  his  reason,  on  the  facts  of  his 
existence,  that  man  developes  his  higher 
powers,  acquires  knowledge,  and  overcomes 
the  natural  obstructions  and  limitations 
of  his  existence.  He  is,  indeed,  only  the 
true  man  to  the  extent  in  which  he  has 
made  himself  master  of  his  circumstances, 
by  his  own  free  will,  or  in  accordance  with 
the  dictates  of  his  internal  life.  Should 
he  be  exempted,  therefore,  from  this  ne- 
cessity of  self-instruction  or  development, 
in  any  sphere  to  which  he  was  competent 
by  tfaie  direot  intervention  of  God,  he  would 
be  robbed  so  iar  forth  of  his  prerogative. 
Ha  would  be  relegated  back  to  his  child- 
hood, and  m  all  certamty,  become  the 
flagrant  dii^graoe  and  accuser  ^  Yob  too 


le^l 


Jft  Man  Om  or  Manyf 


Miilgiiit  hthtT,  imtQa4  of  his  twsitest 
mthtm  mnd  intinitehouor*  We  sre,  thei«- 
iv«»  decidodljr  of  tho  »mo  oonrKition 
wick  Ih  Qutiiccjf  tbjit  the  Bible  wsts  not 
ilnritnril  (o  lisacJ  tru  through  n  oouri^c^  of 
fk»  iul«tnl  KOPtm^s,.  but  ihttUU  ruiRaiOQ& 
Wtm  IIm  iTTftlAlkm  of  tltnt  jfiipcnmturDl 
acottowy  hj  vh^rJi  niiu  is  rinleciucil  from 
■fi,  Mpnoomtfiuli  And  ooiiitDim«d  «  m^in- 

doei  of  i»  u  ire  af  this  miodf  do 
a0l  ^pndftto  tb«  cild  Jewish  8criptar(?»^ 
liMnfnnii  m  Ihe  hbtartral  docuuienU  of 
m  nmwmtik^tre  ar  chosen  nmtion,  in 
m^ttm^^mmri"^  fy^^-v  ^tym  to  u^  to  be  ks 
lyva  ho V  iro  venerable  i 


CbrwtaaA    tr 
wliidilifti  U 


very  dofeivuco  to 
'  m  the  Interest  of 
the    jtifanibilit^r 

I  to  I  Infill  in  thit 
juhes only  to  their 


jatarku  or  rtJigu^ uj>  aicon i up.  Ah  HMKirUa 
^rvvnt*.  ftlli^^l  to  K«T&  l^kon  |>imco  ia 
Ibtafttii  !  in  Iheir  iillusiaog 

|9  Qalv  we  muKt  re^rd 

tfem  Iti  '     '  "  should 

niptfdAi  irLlanti- 

foaftf  •oar^i  M  ..,-,:1j  there 

Mi    Inothffi  mbolical  Kig- 

w'lfftt^ft  "**{^' ' ' '  iEi]<' to  their 

liliv.    TiMir  iff  ^  1  tticised 

iiinpur- 
noiii  w^jthtbe 
it  text^,  £uch 
r  infitAtJoe,  or 
I  I  S,  tliey  are  In 

I  iii4yalriuui»l}'  r^-c  uik'^i,  a  ad  porg- 
Ib*  gloMBS  aD'i  the  errors  of  iiiis^ 
of  the  deej^r  ho- 
wtrt  U  VbA  oootonli,  tlliui  oihor  writings ; 
Ml  ilMir  Ifttar  dcrivoii  its  valot*  from  ihg 
frilpMf  m^MsHM  it  Teildf  and  not  I  ho 
latigi!  rr — *- "  ^*rb  it  \%mf^y  and  which  are 
flubonlir  lo  l«tUrcan  IwTiiiulD  to 

AMngMA    U  I  II  mi-^l  IHTklNl      (If'i  Jui'l  iniLK. 


tea 


tit  L  kri^'Mtuly 
A  truth  of  thcMi* 
i^»  dtfdant  thtl  all 
iilanCa  of  a  singles 

^     ■"       »)€- 

■  n* 
,  .  I  ifralifw 


icference^  not  to  the  life  and  de-*tiny  of* 
itngle  tnao,  bat  to  thai  of  the  nia%l  an* 
dent  and  |?ni&ltiTe  peofple*  whom  God 
placed  n|xiia  this  globe,  whom  he  su8taiu(«d 
in  a  direct  and  nuraoidoiiA  manner^  wlien 
the  whole  physiieal  condition  of  tha  world 
was  quite  ditliTfnt  from  whiit  it  hns  IxH^n 
arncief  or  is  at  |>n?^»nt,  and  to  u  hich  tha 
tradvtion;*  of  nearly  all  nations  ftfurj  ui 
thfir  Ool<i<?n  or  Paradisiaoil  a^. 

What  thfii,  are  the  le^»' •  •  ■'      i> 

as  to  the  actual  di^itineliui  i 

r^\iK  and  as  tu  th*?  paKt  pLrj^  iuh y  <.t  i n^^ 
di*.tinct»ous  ?  Thisi  is  tlit*  Fcientitic  qm>i*- 
tjon  to  be  answci'L'd,  now  that  we  have 
^t  theology  in  it^  proper  place* 

It  i^i  t'stniiHttii  I  hat  there  are  nine  bim- 
dred  millions  of  living  bvin^son  the, earth, 
who  are  called  human,  becanso,  though  jxi&- 
geeemg  tome  cliaracttri^tioa  ctmimon  to 
the  animals,  they  are  most  ckarly  nntl  un* 
miintakahly  dpttingtiished  from  animals, 
both  in  roiipcct  to  what  tbej  have  in  wm- 
mon,  and  in  rvspect  to  eertain  qoidilits  in 
which  they  are  cmiDCotly  superior  aiii  1  (k- 
cuhar»  8omH  philosophers  havtj  pn-'tuiidinl 
to  see  in  thtj  lower  kinds  of  hiim^ni^t  xatf 
close  afhii  '  '  "u>nkeys  and  oorani^ 
uutan^N,,  L  ve  there  has  not  yet 

iHjtmany  \^ j...^r  m  neftdy  allied  to 

those  unhappy  looking  individual  himjielf, 
as  not  to  be  able  to  tell  that  a  man  w^is  a 
man  at  the  ftn^t  fright.  The  lowefst  A  Ifonan 
or  Guinea  ^^c^ro,  widely  remove<i  an  he  U 
in  a|>pQarfttiaa,  ot^ganiKm  and  mind,  from 
a  ShakosMM^  or  «  Waiihin^ton,  u  atdl 
more  widely  removed  from  Chimpanzcoj 
haR  Nltll  a  more  intimate  fdlowshif)  with 
Shakespeare  and  Washington  than  he  ba3 
with  Chimpanzee.  It  Is  po&Mhlo^  by  a 
stretch  of  the  imajjfination,  to  coned vo 
thiit  in  the  la(i?!e  of  agt^w,  bu  might  become 
a  com f ►an ion  of  Shakespeare  or  Wawbinif* 
ton,  by  a  ^simple,  though   almost  prodi* 

- ri.  vi.i-M..,f.nt,  in  debtee,  of  the  tjiwJi* 

■  >w  him  to  po^wfts ;  but  it 
.   .    1  ^  L  _>  conceivH  tSint  ('hmi|tan^oo 

should  ixtvjme  the  e^^nal  of  a  Gmijpa  No- 
gro^  by  any  eontinuoua  development  of 
what  ho  haSf  utid  ODlf  by  a  changi»  in 
kind.  It  is  a  mttttr  ^  tiiore  or  le8A  l>&- 
twijen  the  Ne^ro  and  the  iupar&noat  Can- 
cudan ;  bit  I  iMrtwc^c^n  Chimpanvw  and  lh# 
K<>gro,  it  i  r  of  life  itv!    '     ^      r 

ofana(K.v  MUmtwn  -x 

to  entire  tum^niisLiuion.  In  orJi  r  wnni!*, 
«  man  is  a  man  al)  tho  world  overj 
and  nowhere  a  monkey  or  a  hip|KH 
potftTOua,  and  whaUwer  hi*i  rank  m  th« 
ioale  of  humact  beni^^  I«»'  l<  v\iUi\vA  ui 
tntxy  oonakienitka}  '.  ^ 

tci  man,  aa  af|iarat<  l, 

bat)  or  any  oiXwr  croataro  that  ap^QAra 


It  Man  One  or  Manyt 


[July 


to  be  makin}^  a  wonderful  effort  towards 
his  standard.  This  point  is  admitted  on 
all  hands,  and  maj  be  set  aside  as  estab- 
lished. 

Thc^  humans,  a^in,  are  spread  orer 
every  part  of  the  globe  where  it  is  possible 
for  theni  to  Hyc  at  all,  from  the  extreme 
north  where  mercury  freezes,  to  the  ex- 
treme tropics  where  ether  boils ;  on  the 
tops  of  mountains,  in  almost  impenetrable 
forests,  amid  sandy  deserts,  on  coral  reefs, 
and  the  remotest  islands  of  the  seas. 
With  the  exception  of  a  few  small  islets, 
wherever  man  has  been  able  to  travel, 
either  in  ancient  times,  when  the  methods 
of  locomotion  were  few  and  slow,  or  in 
modem  eras,  when  he  has  borrowed  the 
lungs  of  the  fish  and  the  wings  of  the  bird, 
he  has  encountered  his  brother  man ;  he 
has  encountered  him,  too,  not  as  a  new 
comer  there,  but  as  an  old  and  quite  reg- 
ular inhabitant  of  the  district,  both  well 
adapted  to  its  conditions  of  climate,  heat, 
moisture,  vegetation,  ^.,  and  actually  in 
love  with  the  place.  The  Esquimaux  who 
lives  on  train-oil  in  the  midst  of  perpetual 
snow,  clings  with  pertinacity  to  his  icy 
home ;  the  genial  and  balmy  air  of  the 
temperate  climes  solicits  the  African  from 
his  blistering  tropics  in  vain, — the  Mongol 
of  China,  from  the  earliest  centuries,  has 
steadily  refused  to  mingle  with  other  na- 
tions, either  to  receive  them  or  to  go  out 
among  them ;  and  only  the  hand  of  the 
conquering  invader  has  been  able  to 
drive  the  American  Indian,  wanderer  and 
hunter  as  he  is,  from  the  burial-place  of 
his  fathers.  A  traveller  from  Italy  to 
Sweden,  in  the  direct  lino  now  would  pass 
through  the  same  nations  and  tribes  as  he 
would  have  done  in  the  days  of  the  Csesars, 
or  of  Romulus  and  Remus.  Thus,  local 
fixity,  repugnance  to  foreigners,  and  a  ve- 
hement clinging  to  localities,  which  tra- 
dition, remains,  habits  of  life,  grave-stones, 
and  monuments,  conspire  to  teach  him 
were  the  homes  of  his  ancestors,  have  al- 
ways been  prominent  attributes  of  man, 
and  above  all  of  primitive  or  semi- barba- 
rous and  savage  people.  Indeed,  it  is 
worthy  of  note,  that  they  are  immobile, 
Just  in  the  degree  in  which  they  are  abo- 
riginal and  undeveloped,  while  as  we  as- 
cend the  line  of  civilization,  either  con- 
temporaneous in  space,  or  successive  in 
time,  we  find  them  to  become  more  and 
more  mercurial,  friendly,  active,  and  cos- 
mopolitan. The  Malay,  the  Ethiopian  and 
the  Polynesian  lives  for  the  most  part, 
now,  where  he  was  first  known,  and  the 
Caucasian  only,  whose  superiority  in  lhi% 
if  nothing  more,  is  evidenti  has  shown 
himself  a  dtizen  of  tiiegtobe^  going  wher- 


ever there  is  water  to  float  him,  or  land  or 
snow  on  which  to  wa^k. 

There  are  no  two  individuals  of  these  nine 
hundred  million  humans,  precisely  alike ; 
and  hardly  two  groups  of  a  dozen  or  more 
members  each,  in  which  something  pecu' 
liar  may  not  be  discerned.  They  vary 
in  color,  almost  through  thA  prismatic 
scale ;  they  differ  in  hair,  eyes,  nose,  skull, 
pelvis  and  foot ;  they  speak  in  languages 
that  are  quite  as  numerous  as  the  visible 
stars;  and  their  modes  of  existence  are 
indescribably  various.  Some  subsist  on 
snakes,  worms,  and  roots. ;  others  eat  their 
grandfathers  as  a  favor  to  them  and  ser- 
vice to  God ;  while  others  have  three  hun- 
dred and  sixty-five  methods  of  cooking  a 
potato.  Some  live  on  trees;  others  in 
caves ;  others  partly  on  land  and  partly  on 
water;  and  others  in  palaces,  which  are 
store-houses  of  the  most  sumptuous  lux- 
uries. Some  do  not -travel  sixty  miles 
in  the  whole  course  of  their  existence; 
while  others  are  able  to  go  two  or  three 
hundred  miles  every  day  if  they  choose. 
One  is  brutal,  vicious,  and  fiendish ; 
another  refined  and  virtuous:  one  is 
proud,  haughty,  and  given  to  strike ;  an- 
other is  gentle,  patient,  and  submissive : 
one  is  grave  and  incommunicative ;  another 
is  mirthful  and  loquacious :  one  is  clear 
in  perception,  slow  in  reasoning,  and  firm 
to  execute ;  while  another  cannot  count 
ten,  or  go  in  when  it  rains,  or  free  his 
head  of  a  perpetual  burr  of  falsehoods 
and  lies:  one  worships  a  stone  as  his 
God,  and  another  the  infinite  Father  and 
Lord : — in  short,  wherever  wo  look,  we  be- 
hold only  endless  variety,  unceasing  con- 
trast, and  an  apparent  inextricable  confu- 
sion of  life ! 

But  vast  as  this  diversity  is  in  so 
many  respects,  we  discover  in  it,  as  in 
other  organized  realms,  a  law  of  method 
and  order.  We  note  resemblances  among 
them,  which  enable  us  to  gather  them 
into  groups — first,  as  families  related 
by  ties  of  consanguinity ;  next,  as  tribes 
related  by  remoter  ties  of  the  same  sort ; 
then  as  races,  having  certain  qualities  in 
common ;  and  finally,  as  stocks,  or  typical 
races,  in  which  these  qualities  find  their 
fullest  and  highest  expression.  The  num- 
ber of  distinguishable  races  has  not,  that 
we  are  aware  of,  been  estimated ;  but  as 
Adelung  enumerates  over  three  thousand 
distinct  lan^ages,  besides  a  variety  of 
dialects,  it  is  safe  to  assume  that  there 
are  quite  as  many  races.  B  u t  of  the  typi- 
cal races  or  stocks,  to  which  these  may 
be  reduced,  the  enameratran  has  varied 
from  one  to  siztjr-three.  Metam  divided 
I  into  two  divisknui ;  Moses,  or  the  wii- 


1664.] 


/t  Man  One  or  lianyf 


ter  of  Genesis,  Carier,  Jacquinot,  VareT. 
Latham,  Smith,  Ac,  into  three ;  the  <Ma 
Ef^ptians  and  Kant,  into  four ;  Blumen- 
bftch,  into  five;  BuflTon,  into  six  ;  Hunter, 
into  seTen ;  Agassiz,  into  eipht ;  Picker- 
inc.  into  eleven ;  Bury  St  Vincent,  into 
HAeen ;  Desmoulina  into  sixteen ;  Mor- 
ton, into  twenty-two;  Fourier,  into  thirty- 
two  ;  and  Luke  Burke,  into  sixty-three. 
These  dififerenccs,  however,  arise  from  the 
arbitrary  nature  of  the  classifications 
adopted,  one  considering  as  primary  what 
another  considers  secondary,  or  tertiary, 
and  one  arranging  by  one  or  two  traitSj 
Rich  as  the  hair,  tlie  lacial  angle,  the  co- 
lor of  the  skin,  or  the  form  of  the  head, 
while  others  arrange  according  to  many 
traits,  anatomical,  physiologic^,  geogra- 
phical and  intellectual. 

A  few  specimens  of  these  attempts  at 
scientific  distribution  will  show  us  at  once 
the  nature  of  their  agreements  and  differ- 
ences, and  may  not  be  valueless  in  other 
relations. 

**Ccvi£R  divides  man  into  three  stocks, 
Caucasian,  Mongole  or  Altaic,  and  Nc- 
^a ;  he  refers  the  American  to  the  Mon- 
golian stock. 

^  Fischer  divides  man  into  Homo  Ja- 
pcticus;  U.  Neptunianus;  H.  Scythicua 
(Mongols);  H.  Americanus  (Patagoni- 
am^) ;  II.  Columbicus  (Americans) ;  IL 
Ethiopicus  ;  and  II.  Polynosius. 

"  Ll^on  divides  man  into  the  White 
Racv  ;  Dusky  lUcc,  including  Hindoos, 
Catfrariaiis.  Papuans,  and  Australians; 
Omn.jt-coloTt'U  Race,  the  Malay  ;  Yellouf 
Bace.  the  Mongolian.  Oceanic  and  South 
American;  Jirl  H'jlcc.  the  Caribs,  and 
North  Americans ;  and  the  BUick  Race. 

-  D  I- MtK  I L  proposes  the  divisions,  Cau- 
canan,  Hyperborean,  Mongole,  American, 
Malav,  and  Ethiopian. 

*"\'iaET  divides  man  into  two  speciee  : 
thejitst,  with  facial  angle  of  85^  to  90'-^, 
including  tlie  white  race  (Caucanian),  the 
yellow  race  (Mon;:olian),  and  the  copper- 
culored  nice  (American) ;  the  strand^ 
with  facial  angle  75  '  to  K2^,  including 
the  dark  brown  race  (Malay),  the  black 
race,  and  the  blackiuh  race  (Hottentots 
and  l'apua8). 

*•  Di^MOL'LiNs'  sections  are  Cclto- 
Scyth- Arabs ;  Mougoles  ;  Ethiopians ; 
Euro-Africans;  Austro- African* ;  Ma- 
lays; Papuan;  Negro  Oceanians;  Aus- 
tnilasianri ;  Columbians  and  Americans. 

*"  BoRT  DC  St.  Vincent  makes  fifteen 
^viaioDS — races  with  straight  hair,  of 


the  Old  World ;  Tiz.,  Homo  Japeticus  ;* 
H.  Arabicus ;  H.  Indious ;  H.  Scythicos 
(Tartars) ;  H.  Sinicus  (Chinese) ;  H. 
Hyp^boireus ;  H.  Neptunianus ;  II.  Aus- 
tralasicus ; — in  the  New  World,  H.  Co- 
lumbicus (North  Americans)  ;  H.  Ame- 
ricanus (South  Americans)  ;  II.  Patigo- 
nicus — negro  races ;  II.  iEthiopicus ;  H. 
Caffer;  II.  MeUvinus  Hn  Madagascar, 
Fiji  Islands,  Van  Diemen^s  land) ;  and  H. 
Hottentottus. 

^Mr.  Martin  divides  mankind  into 
Jive  stocks,  as  follows : 

^'  1.  Japktic  Stock  ;  including  the 
Eurojytan  branch,  or  the  Celtic,  Pelaa- 
gic,  Teutonic  and  Sclavonic  nations ;  — 
the  Asiatic  branch,  or  the  Tartaric,  Can- 
casic,  Semitic  rArabs,  Jews,  kc,\  and 
Sanscritic  or  Hindoo  nations ;  and  the 
African  branch,  or  the  Mizraimic  (ancient 
j^gyptians,  Abyssinians,  Berbers,  and  Gu- 
anches)  nations. 

"2.  Neptunian  Stock;  including  the 
Malays  proper,  and  the  Polynesians ;  (in- 
cluding, perhaps,  among  the  last,  the 
founders  of  the  Peruvian  and  Mexican 
Empires). 

^3.  MoNGOLE  Stock,  including  Mon- 
goles  and  Hyperboreans. 

"4.  Prognathous  Stock,  includins 
the  Afro-Negro,  Hottentot,  Papuan,  and 
Alfourou  branches. 

**  5.  Occidental  Stock,  including  Co- 
lumbians (North  American  Indians), 
South  Americans,  and  Patagoniaas. 

**Dr.  PicKERiNct  observes,  in  his 
first  chapter,  that,  in  the  United  States, 
three  races  of  men  are  admitted  to  exist, 
and  the  same  three  races  '  have  been 
considered,  by  eminent  naturalists  (who, 
however,  have  not  travelled),  to  com- 
prise all  the  varieties  of  the  human 
family.'  He  continues,  ^  I  have  seen  in 
all  eleven  races  of  men ;  and  though  I 
am  hardly  prepared  to  fix  a  positive 
limit  to  their  number,  I  confess,  after 
having  vi^uted  so  many  diflfereut  parts  of 
the  globe,  that  I  am  at  a  loss  where  to 
look  for  others.'  He  enumerates  them 
in  the  order  of  their  complexion,  begin- 
ning with  the  lightest. 

"A.  —  White.  Including,  1.  Aror 
bian ;  with  nose  prominent,  lips  thin, 
beard  abundant,  and  hair  st might  ana 
flowing.  2.  Abyssinian;  with  a  com- 
plexion liardly  becoming  florid,  nose 
prominent,  and  hair  crisped. 

"  B.  —  Brown.  Including,  3.  Afon- 
golian  ;  beardless,  with  perfectly  straight 


•  TIm  Bmm  of  Ifan.  mi4  tb«lr  OeofrftphkMl  DUUIbation ;  bj  CbarlM  rickerln^  M.  D.  Botton,  IMa. 
[C.  ft.  Kspkirlnf  ExpcdtUuo.] 

t  Vvt  In  ftUiMton  to  J«ph«t,  tb«  wd  of  Moah,  but  to  Jftpttot  (aodax  Jap«tl  irenni,  Horaot),  wbom  tb«  «a> 
SUmS^  wfwiwl  M  Ike  itugvalturof  tb«  ran  tahibitlm  tb«  waiUro  nfioiu  of  tb«  world. 


s 


It  3f<m  One  or  Manyt 


[July 


and  Tcnr  long  bur.  4.  Hottentot^  with 
Negro  features,  and  doee  woolly  hair, 
and  stature  diminutive.  5.  Malay  ;  fea- 
tures not  prominent  in  the  profile ;  com- 
plexion darker  than  in  preceding  races, 
and  hair  straight  and  flowing. 

"  C.  —  Blackish  Brown.  Including, 
6.  Papuan;  with  features  not  promi- 
nent in  the  profile,  the  beard  abundant, 
skin  harsh  to  the  touch,  and  the  hair 
crisped  or  frizzled.  7.  Negrillo;  ap- 
parently beardless ;  stature  diminutive, 
features  approaching  those  of  the  Negro, 
and  the  hair  woolly.  8.  Indian  or  7'e- 
lingan  ;  with  features  approaching  those 
of  the  Arabian,  and  the  hair  straight  and 
flowing.  9.  Ethiopian ;  with  complex- 
ion and  features  mtermediate  between 
those  of  the  Telingan  and  Negro,  and  the 
hair  crisped. 

"  D.  —  Black.  —  Including,  10.  Aus- 
tralian ;  with  Negro  features,  but  with 
straight  or  flowing  hair.  11.  Negro; 
with  close  woolly  hair,  nose  much  flat- 
tened, and  lips  very  thick." 

A  more  convenient  distribution  for 
the  organic  kingdoms  than  any  other, 
we  thmk,  is  into  what  may  be  callca 
"  Groups  and  Scries,"  or  groups  of  groups, 
and  scries  of  series,  marking  the  groups 
by  qualities  which  are  the  most  general 
and  simple,  and  ascending  from  these  to 
qualities  which  are  more  complex  and 
particular,  for  the  successive  series.  But 
it  will  be  important,  in  any  effective 
method,  to  separate  also  in  each  group, 
and  each  series,  several  peculiar  groups. 
1st,  the  Capital  or  Head  Groups ;  2dly, 
the  Transitional  Groups,  which  connect 
the  more  regular  groups ;  and  3dly,  ab- 
normal or  exceptional  groups,  whose  re- 
lations are  not  constant  but  accidental. 
Our  space  will  not  allow  us  to  describe 
this  arrangement  at  length,  but  we  may 
illustrate  it  briefly,  by  referring  to  the 
usual  distributions  of  an  army.  Sup- 
posing it  to  consist  of^  say  twenty-four 
regiments,  each  subdivided  into  compa- 
nies, platoons,  &c,  we  shall  have  also  1st, 
the  General-in-Chief  and  his  Staff,  com- 
posed of  the  principal  officers  of  each 
regiment,  who  are  the  Head  or  Type ;  2d. 
the  Aid-de-Camps,  who  are  transitional 
between  the  Generals  and  the  line,  and 
the  Commissariat,  who  are  transitional 
between  the  line  and  external  parties ; 
and  3d,  the  musicians,  suttlers,  ac.,  who 
connected  with  the  army,  and  yet  having 
nothing  to  do  with  its  cnief  function,  of 
fighting,  are  only  exceptional  members. 
But  these  are  suggestions  by  the  way. 

We  have  xemuked  the  great  diversity 
of  human  raoea^  and  the  duflBcnlty  luita- 


ralists  exx)erienoe  in  their  attempts  to 
reduce  them  into  a  scientific  order ;  but 
we  have  now  to  remark  that  the  difficul- 
ty does  not  arise  from  frequent  or  arbi- 
trary changes  in  the  character  of  the 
races  themselves.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  their  leading  types,  their 
predominant  qualities,  have  not  changed, 
since  the  earh'est  recorded  times.  The 
precise  distinctions  which  it  is  so  easy  to 
make  now,  between  the  Negroes,  the  Mon- 
gols, the  Europeans,  &c.,  prevailed  four  or 
five  or  six  thousand  years  ago, — as  far 
back,  indeed,  as  the  history  of  man  ex- 
tends, even  up  to  those  Adamic  or  Golden 
ages,  which  are  known  to  us,  if  at  all, 
only  by  vague  tradition  or  the  earliest 
revelation.  We  can  trace  by  means  of 
the  older  literature,  by  picture-writings, 
and  by  the  monuments  of  Egypt  partic- 
ularly, fifteen  or  sixteen  races,  which  wo 
recognize  as  such  at  this  day,  to  the  com- 
mon era  of  the  deluge,  and  some  of  them  to 
a  period  nearly  a  Uiousand  years  earlier. 
Adopting  the  shortest  chronology  of  the 
Egyptologists,  we  shall  still  find  in  the 
pyramids,  the  heads  and  faces  of  Arabs, 
Canaanitcs,  Nubians,  Assyrians,  Tartars, 
Hindoos,  Thracians,  lonians,  Lybians, 
Lydians,  Abyssinians  and  Negroes,  who 
were  contemporaries  with  Solomon  at 
least,  and,  if  we  adopt  the  longer  chronolo- 
gy, contemporary  some  with  Abraham  and 
some  with  Noah,  and  some  with  the 
literal  Adam.  Tne  Egyptians,  as  our 
readers  are  aware,  from  the  very  earliest 
time  of  which  vestiges  remain,  viz.,  the 
third  and  fourth  dynasties  ^tbe  latter 
3893  B.  c.  according  to  Lepsius),  were 
accustomed  to  decorate  their  temples, 
royal  and  private  tombs,  &c,  with  paint- 
ings and  sculptures  of  historical  charac- 
ters and  events,  and  that  voluminous, 
though  interrupted  series  of  such  hiero- 
glyphical  monuments  and  papyri,  are 
preserved  to  this  day.  These  sculptures 
and  paintings,  says  Dr.  Nott,  yield  us  in- 
numerable portraits,  not  only  of  Egyp- 
tians themselves,  but  also  of  a  vast  num- 
ber of  foreign  people,  with  whom  they 
held  intercourse,  through  wars  or  com- 
merce. They  have  portrayed  their  allies, 
their  enemies,  their  captives,  their  ser- 
vants and  slaves ;  and  we  possess,  there- 
fore, faithful  delineations  of  most,  if  not 
all,  the  African  and  Asiatic  races,  known 
to  the  Egyptians  3500  years  ago, — races 
which  are  recognized  as  identical  with 
those  that  occupy  the  same  countries  at 
the  present  time.  Thus,  to  give  a  few 
illustrationeL  in  the  celebrated  scene  of 
the  tomb  oi  Setimeneptha  L  commonly 
oalled  Belzcnii's  tomb^  which  to  referred 


/t  ifaii  One  m  Mtmy  f 


>  lb  XIX th  Jjoi^tj,  1500  1,  c,  (or, 

iggffgi^  *..  r^  .1..   '  'Ml  B.C.),  we  have 

iMMii  thftt  ihe  Hgvp- 

,jiM  inii4  ...  ^T'  ^**'""?nij*hic 

•TittH,  In  «r)i  .4  hu- 

IMI^^,  IlttV  e  hoen 

laovn  T.  unct  nic**, 

lh»  Red,  .  rk  utiH  tho 

iryitUaoi^  ^, 

or  iaiBfidQilh  ,  ^, 

It  T»pn^<Cllte  Uic  id;*i«i  \Ui\k^  €oi! ducting 
illliiffi  jwrpomtp^js  ^'^cli  four  of  whom 
ife  ifionatc*tAbrj  of  i  dtstiadt  type  of 

•r  ^km  BaoS|  par  iwreUenrt^  etinUuns 
fiyllMg;  111*  sccfind,  cjUM  Nam(7, 
l«r  JtQoir,  li  m  Aniatic  gr-oup;  the 
•  lyra,  allied  KwBU.  *«r  black,  ig  Ncpr^* ; 

iBd  Ul*  iMirthf  c^lle^l  TiMHT%  or  white. 

li  m  gfMlli  cf  wtiAt  if  generally  tf  rnvei! 

JftnljrtJ^    t:.T   ra',ira.«]!UX    tvpc.f.       In  pOr- 

II  til  flielftD  dynasty 
i,  w*  have  ftratureA 
4if  fkr^ri.  Jcwi&h  Semitic,  Nu- 

bian, «jia  :  r^  ;  jind,  from  other 

tDoottiEy. '  tLirty  varieties 

ij^Caxica  i«c  efwxibs  range 

Vturrsi  Uic  UiiriLiUtb  and  scventwiith 

From  t  bo  X  H  tl*  dy liasty  (  which  €k>sc  d 
S12I  a.  c-X  t^-pdituj  (nvus  nutsit rolls  I'vi- 
dtrtiasi  of  fc|n  I  ■        * '  Tv*^  Apiati<^B, 

K*i;t^j**  aud  t" !  i  •«.  A  mong 

lh«tn  u  thr  fiuiit'M  -  ^ . .  <x| . ...  Uvirty-scvcn 
fgwmtt^*^  hy  Njmc  &upp<>»ed  t*^  repru- 


J°     AKmiIkiIM     Tn    Fi 


pt,  t>r 

miily, 

iitiilcd 

till  dynasty 

f  PUTS  por* 

<Ut  IVtii  d>iiai;- 

^  Um  R,  r.,  we 


L4U'  I4;. 
Whirh  ii 

csjnntati^Q  tif 
mtitft  ft^frr  or  . 
U  proprr   to  * 

to  llic  true  eiircirv  > 
f«aiam4,«rhid)  wr 
gr  itn  wn  a^lmt/t* 

[  lilbtiah  b  not  ^ 
Ptya  yC  tbi»  liiaUA^n 
>  l%«  vamp  ftiT  fofir  ' 


id,  ^ 


It 


ippt&ul 
.  /  tlw 


Yet  13  the  jreogmphicft]  knowledpt  «7f  th# 
E^y  ptiauM  m  net  Ha  v«i  bee  it   ' "  -  ■  -  ■  \   p|>Q» ., 
IjnLly  to  gmal!  parta  of  A  i  and  f 

KuropL<  oiily^  wc  Imve  a  ri^^  i , .    ,..,,..  a  that 
Um?  naCionK  tinknowu   to  thetn.  but  of  | 
whose  existent*  wc  bate  <>ther  mfortna^l 
tirni,  such  as  tliofe  of  China^  Austral  fa.  I 
Northern  and  Western  Aflla,  Europe  ana 
Atncrica,  exhibited  the  wime  must  diverti' 
ty,  and  have  retained  the  same  fundamea* 
taf  permnnencc  of  type.* 

The  flaioe  con  elusion  is  largely  ootifirm*] 
ed  by  the  mmiberleBH  riiR<?s  talteii  Iroml 
the  tomhg  of  Etruria,  by  the  pictorial  de-1 
lineatioua  of  the  Chinese  annnU^  by  th# 
antique  sciitptures  of  India,  by  the  vener- 
able ruini  of  Ninovnh,  and  t>y  «hc  undated 
tftbleta  uf  IVtii,  Yucatan  and  Mes-ica,  il|.| 
which,  though  found  ki  hx^dilies,  far  te-l 
moved  from  each  other  in  spacc^  and  (Vna  | 
n&  in  time^  the  distinctive  charactcHslits  ( 
of  hiiEn?iii  mix%  lis  Alorton  obsiervt-s^  iiri>  j 
so  accurately  depicted  m  t^o  enable  im,  for  j 
the  mo^t  part^  to  dii&linguish  them  at  m  I 
glance-    The  history  of  the  Jews,  who,  for  j 
BO  many  cent uHcfl  scattered  over  the  earth|  | 
yet  retdn  the  features  of  their  remote  an* 
ceMora,  m  well  as  of  the  Mwljtrs  in  Hun-  | 
g^ry,  the  Basiitie^  in  S\mxi^  the  fiypfilea 
m  n«.arly  all  nation^j  the  AuEtraiians  and  j 
the  Americffln  Indiaui,  are  striking  illu»*i| 
trationg  of  national  continuity,  under  op- 
poiiing  circ  urns  timers  ;  and  it  U  quite  im* 
pij^tble  to  read  the  earlier  reconls  of  any 
nations,  or  to  lie  ten  to  their  traditione^  \ 
without  being  imnrea&ed  by  the  muUitndff  ' 
and  diversity  of  the  tribes  which  are  dim* 
1y  discerned  to  figure  in  their  eaj-hcr  da^^  n- 
Wai^H  ati<i  eonqucsta  are  the  e tuples  of 
their  annals,  the  wara  of  distinct  and  re* 
tR-Ilntit  tribe?,  and  the  conquest  of  neigli*  j 
f»orifi^butunfni:ndIy  provinces.  Thcvcryi 
lit  ^wumia  with  mazy  r^cea,  wb  tlui  < 
>  of  the  uijt»niing  waver  with  newlj' ' 
aiiimjited  insects   and  nvotea*    Takt  Up  \ 
the  recorUa  and  b^cnd^  of  any  neopk,  tho  J 
history  of  On^ec^e  by  Gratfl,  the  bJstor7^ 
of  Eome  bjr  Nlebuhr,  the  history  of  ^™  1 
Gaab,    by  Thierrr^  and  how  tney  njfl 
biek,  no  I  to  any  stnde  tt^i^  from  which 
tli^y  have  de!^X!1lde'lf  but  to  a  niuHiplid- 
ty  of  rac4'»    until  tbity  arc  lost  in  the 
gathering  cjju'knpfis  ot   myth^*     1ndeer]| 
Ett  wc^   ajiccnd  tJi»   atr«!atn   of  time,— & 
itream  lilermlly*-tt  hreakii  iiito  tnore  and 
mtrfo  nuiticrtjii^  runtluent*,  which  agaiii 
dJvid«  and  n^hvidc,   until  ttie  trntx^s  of 


4^  lif  oaeifBnilvr 


u  ajutlliieii  mx^fitf  Of  |ihll|,tBCtlU 


10 


It  Man  One  or  Manyf 


[Mr 


its  many  springs  are  lost  in  the  deserts, 
like  the  sources  of  the  Nile.  Diversity 
and  not  similarity  is  the  character  of  an- 
cient days. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  a  remarkable  fact 
in  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  or- 
ganized kingdoms,  which  lias  been  so 
beautifully  stated  in  regard  to  plants  by 
De  Candollc,  and  in  regard  to  animals  and 
man,  by  Agassiz. ,  It  was  first  philoso- 
phically appreciated  by  IIuml)oldt,  in  his 
personal  narrative,  though  it  has  since 
been  almost  universally  confirmed  by  the 
observations  of  naturalists.  Every  hem- 
isphere, says  the  distinguished  traveller, 
produces  plants  of  different  species ;  and  it 
IS  not  by  the  diversity  of  climates  that  wo 
can  attempt  to  explain  why  equinoctial 
Africa  has  no  laurina'a,  and  the  New- 
World  no  heaths ;  why  the  calceolariaa 
are  found  only  in  the  southern  hemis- 
phere ;  why  the  birds  of  the  continent 
of  India  glow  with  colors  less  splendid 
than  the  birds  of  the  hot  parts  of  Ame- 
rica ;  finally,  why  the  tiger  is  f)eculiar  to 
Asia,  and  the  ornithoryncus  to  New  Hol- 
land.* ^ 

It  has  accordingly'  since  been  discover- 
ed that  vaVious  families  of  plants  are  con- 
fined to  particular  countries,  and  even 
limited  districts,  and  that  latitude,  eleva- 
tion, soil,  and  climate  are  but  secondary 
causes  in  the  distribution.  There  are 
inan^  distinct  botanical  districts  on  the 
contmcnts  and  islands,  each  of  which  has 
its  own  vegetation,  or  rather,  each  of 
which  is  a  focus  or  centre  to  genera  and 
species  which  have  existence  nowhere 
else,  with  inconsiderable  exceptions.  De 
Gandolle  established  twenty  of  these  re- 
gions, and  Professor  Schow  twenty  ;  but 
Professor  Martin,  of  Munich,  divides  the 
globe  into  fifty-one,  to  which  others  may 
now  be  added.  The  same  law  of  distri- 
bution holds,  in  regard  to  the  fauna),  or 
congregations  of  animals,  both  of  the  land 
and  the  sea ;  and  Agassiz  demonstrates, 
that  the  bound^irieSj  within  which  the 
different  natural  combinations  of  ani- 
mals are  known  to  be  circumscribed  on 
the  face  of  the  earth,  coincide  with  the 
cultural  range  of  distinct  types  of  man. 
The  fauna  and  fiora  of  the  globe  vary  in 
two  directions ;  firstly,  north  and  soutlf, 
from  pole  to  pole,  pretty  nearly  in  accord- 
ance vrith  the  zones ;  and  secondly,  east 
and  west ;  those  of  the  west  of  Europe 
not  being  the  same  as  those  of  the  basin 
of  the  Caspian  Sea^  or  of  the  eastcmr coast 
of  Africa,  and  those  of  the  eastern  coast 
of  America  not  being  the  same  as  those  of 


the  western.  Agassiz  accordingly  divide 
the  faun<E  first  into  eight  grand  realms, 
the  Arctic,  the  Asiatic,  the  European,  the 
American,  the  African,  the  East  Indian  or 
Malayan,  the  Polynesian,  and  the  Aus- 
tralian realms,  which  he  again  subdivided 
into  numerous  subordinate  faunae. 

The  arctic  realm,  including  therein  all 
animals  living  beyond  the  line  where  for- 
ests cease,  and  inhabiting  countries  en- 
tirely barren,  offers  the  same  aspects  in 
all  the  three  parts  of  the  world  which 
converge  towards  the  north  pole.  The 
uniform  distribution  of  the  animals  by 
which  it  is  inhabited  forms  its  most  strik- 
ing character,  and  gives  rise  to  a  sameness 
of  general  features  which  is  not  fotmd  in 
any  other  region.  Its  flora  consists  of 
gramineous  plants,  mosses,  and  lichens, 
and  a  few  flowering  plants  and  dwarf 
birches.  A  number  of  the  representatives 
of  the  inferior  classes  of  worms,  of  mol- 
lusks,  of  echinodcrms,  and  of  medusje.  are 
found  here;  no  reptiles;  numerous  fishes, 
especially  of  the  salmon  family ;  swarms 
of  characteristic  birds,  such  as  gannets, 
cormorants,  petrels,  ducks,  geese,  mor- 
gausers,  and  gulls,  Vrith  a  small  number 
of  wading  biixls,  and  some  marine  eagles. 
The  larger  mammalia  which  inhabit  the 
realm  are  the  white  bear,  the  walrus, 
seal,  the  reindeer,  the  musk-ox,  the  uar- 
wal,  the  cachelot,  and  whales  in  abun- 
dance. It  is  witliin  the  limits  of  this 
realm  that  we  meet  a  peculiar  race  of 
men,  known  in  America  as  Esquimaux, 
and  in  the  north  of  Asia,  as  Laplanders, 
Samojedes,  and  Tchuktsches.  It  diflers 
from  the  whites  of  Europe,  the  Mongols 
of  Asia,  and  the  Indians  of  North  Ame- 
rica, to  whom  it  is  adjacent  The  unifor- 
mity of  its  character  along  the  whole 
range  of  the  Arctic  seas  is  in  remarkable 
correspondence  with  that  of  the  fauna. 

^'  To  the  glacial  zone,  which  incloses  a 
single  fauna,  succeeds  the  temperate  zone, 
included  between  the  isothermes  of  32*^, 
and  74^  Fahr.,  characterized  by  its  pine 
forests,  its  amentacia,  its  maples,  its  wal- 
nuts, and  its  fruit  trees,  and  from  the 
midst  of  which  arise  like  islands,  lofty 
mountain  chains  or  high  table-lands, 
clothed  with  a  vegetation  which,  in  many 
respects,  recalls  that  of  the  glacial  regions. 
The  geographical  distribution  of  animals 
in  this  zone,  forms  several  closely  con- 
nected, but  distinct  combinations.  It  is 
the  country  of  the  terrestrial  bear,  of  the 
wol^  the  fox,  the  weasel,  the  marten,  the 
otter,  the  lynx,  the  horse  and  the  ass,  the 
boar,  and  a  great  number  of  stags,  deer, 


■  Ptia.  par.  ToL  (S  pi  tSQi 


ISM.} 


It  Mm  One  w  Many't 


n 


•Ik,  s^ti,  tktvp^  Imlkf  bircA.  Kqnlrrvl^ 
^t^iuk,  4c  I  In  iH  "^  ™  -'  r -'  ......i,.r...i 

sifv  ftfld  titjC^t    tAtile-lniiil!)    &Mi 

I  itein5.  wr    rnny   diHtitigtiii^h  in 

r  Mcvmi  -   apfrt*xm^atiii*; 

lilj'  t'l  t'  r  <ir  the  trof»ic«, 

rc»<  ^  it  prc^fttrr  diwr- 

^  ID  111 '  1 1  theni  ri-'prt wn* 

liuxi  uc  tiiMi  ;itmmp?  \\%im*  of  iM 

I  boundttriuM,^     Wc  Kave  tlr^it,  ad- 

t  the  areikH.  n  ^    '  \  with 

I  ftli»o«t  tinKWm  I]  L'  old 

iiitQ  m^  itkt  mw  Ti'ir^'i  m  vvoii  11  ftirii; 

imrill^  til*  hcmkt  of  Itn?  ttioo*io ; 

A  csM  HmperaH  zmtt,  in  whicli 

tfoeti    iirt»    coTiibintd   wrth 

,  Hup  Si.nni'  nf  tite  fuf  uumjnK  \  next^ 

^<w»>!j  in   uhich  tho 

t    to    the   priTdiling 

I  trti*  «  vwwty  of  evt.Tj*tu*'ni 

d,  lb«  dikf  float  of  Ibif  culture  of 

r  fexu%  irvrm  ftnd  of  the  wheAl  j  &nd  ii 

pir/if  ztme,  in  w^HWi  n  mmOw^r  of 

fbnui  i,ro  ' 

jofUiv 

[y«t  lk«ri  |j  iKroughuiit  : 

f    one    fei* 


HJWirr 


<;j:ilulc«,  of 


I)  jjcj*  previiiljiijf 
iB«MJI  fMlift  and  Iknib,  Attain,  o^intt  to 
lk»  tnit^titlltipi  M  ttio  fiirfA'>\  thr>  <%cTori- 

^itfJMBBtv'  [   itUo 

mfCmtr  !i  n)  North 

rks,  wHu^  I  iorAtc  /xitxc 

MI  «r  tbr  '\^\m\T 

wr  cuts, 

a&viliM  of  tli^ 
wbilfit  tK«  rai    . 

b)r  tbe  Akpr»  and  (mmm  of 
r  valil  «r  fr«rm  Utvp^rmto  xoiwa.** 

If  tbt  wbolif  nui|;«  of  th9  t<m- 
lro«D  «a«t|  to  wpMt,  ^^i^ftniqti 
lltidM  it,  in  fteconii 
*  ^jirical  iiwtttrt ' 

afiKi«lia,tAfl  pftvir  <  Tni> 

iiblxif  9(1,    liii    ^.'^r  .^.  Ml    realm, 

incUailst    frafi^  «j   wril   m4    A  ma 

MMDpD<mniK   NiTthorn   ArAbta^ 

i  Biff^iirf ,  «A  Will  M  Kumpo,  profwr ly 


ISO  called  ;  t!jQ  wv^tem  puis  of  A  sin,  ttud 

fv.>  r..rtk.,...  .,.f^ta  of  Afriim  bein^  iiiti- 

1    by    their     gtsjlofjiral 

, . ;  1 1 ! e  BOuth<?ni  par IH  of  K u- 

rope,  and,  iki.  tiic  North  American  rculm, 
whiuh  <?:Ktt'nf3H  as  far  south  m  the  tablij- 
land  of  M*?xHTo. 

^'  17ie  teiii|K?rAUr  zon^  is  not  chuncUr* 
ie^kI,  bke  the  arctic,  by  one  and  the  SAtno 
fiiuiin ;  rt  doi^s  not  fonti|  as  the  arctic 
di)*;ii,oiiecouliiiiit>iiKnxjl<>gicai  zoni*  iiroumt 
the  glo*K>.  Not  on^y  do  the  nnlinalg 
chntijio  from  one  lifmisphprc  to  another, 
but  liiest?  liHlt'rencf?."*  eJtLst  evL^n  bt*tw©«tt 
TftHniiB  rt*^JoTjs  tit  the  H«niv  hcu^i sphere* 
The  fi|iecii'«  belonj^riiii:  to  the  western 
eouiitnfs  of  the  ohj  vtorkl  are  not  id^>a* 
iki\  with  those  of  the  ettslorn  counlrioi; 
It  Ia  true  ibat  ihfj  ofttn  nr stumble  eio^' 
other  so  riost?h%  that  iinlil  very  re<3etit1y 
tii<*y  have  bt'^Jii  cfinfoundcd.  It  luu  bi!«a 
i-*fii;rvi*<j,  however  for  mod  en)  jtoology 
and  liotMoy  to  thu*<-i  (besie  iiicv  diatino- 
tions.  For  tnjitAni.^,  the  coniferic  of  tha 
oid  worl'l,  t'VL'n  within  the  sub-ftrctjc  kodc, 
ftpe  not  iti-ntir^il  with  those  of  Aiueric** 
Instead  of  ihc  Norw&y  and  btaek  piDe,  w^ 
have  here  th«  balsam  &nd  the  w)iitG 
^j>ruce ;  medoid  of  the  ootumon  Hr,  the 
PitiUM  tig  if  la  i  JiiAleAd  of  the  Eun»|w.'iin 
larch,  tho  haanatac,  4c;  and  farther 
iottth  the  ditTerfDcea  ar«  atdl  more  i^tHk- 
ine*  In  the  temperate  £o&e  proftor,  the 
ftjtke  t\w  bo(*ehea,  llie  hirche*,  the  horn- 
ihw  biiphornbeamst,  the  chesinutAj 
I  [  toowiK>d.4^  the  elms,  the  linden,  tho 
jnaplt*^  and  the  walnuts,  are  njpresentod 
in  ttach  continent  by  peculiar  Bj>c^ies  dif- 
fer! n  1^  1 1 1 0  ro  o  r  Ics^,  Pecul  iar  form  s  make 
here  and  there  their  appoarance,  such  as 
tbf*  K'*>o-trpe.%  tho  tidip-treejL  tho  mne* 
iH^hiiH,  Tlje  evergreens  are  still  more  dl' 
vcr»;ttlcd,— we  need  only  mentioii  the  car 
nii^lias  of  Japftn,  and  the  kalmias  of  Ame~ 
rtc4  as  e^amplca.  Among  tlie  tropical 
foruH  extrnditig  into  tbe  warm  IcmjieratA 
z*>nc,  wc  iioti*^  partkuUrly  tbe  jinhnetto 
in  the?  Southern  Unllod  &tat4>ji,  and  the 
duurf  nhirnmropA  of  southern  K^iropo. 
itmal  kin>rdom  presents  th@  lytmo 
is.  In  Eiw>iio  wc  have,  for  io* 
atattooi  tba  brown  boar ;  isi  North  Atocir- 
iea,  the  black  bear ;  hi  Asia,  ihe  Xtctkr  of 
Tuljet:  tbe  Eyropi^an  tttag,  and  itie  Kti* 
f<opoan  drt>r,  arn  rcppefH'tiU*d  in  North 
.  !."a  by  the  ConiifliaD  utajf^  or  wapiti ^ 
>■    A  itior}c!L]iti    drer;  and   in  ra^lcmi 


11. 

:i'>ru 

.j»h. 

1 

ite4 

*'*  ■••-"* : 

,   ....    ......  - 

.,.  p,^  ...  ^;i)U* 

01111)  Mtd  m  Mcmgolim  by  lb*  yilt  j  Uit 


IS 


1$  Man  One  or  Maayf 


[July 


wild-cats,  the  martens  and  weasels,  the 
wolves  and  foxes,  the  squirrels  and  mice 
(excepting  the  imported  house-mouse),  the 
birds,  the  reptiles,  the  fishes,  the  insects, 
the  mollusks,  &c.,  though  more  or  less 
closely  allied,  are  equally  distinct  specifical- 
ly. The  types  peculiar  to  the  Old  or  New- 
World  are  few ;  among  them  may  be  men- 
tioned the  horse  and  ass,  and  the  drome- 
dary of  Asia,  and  the  opossum  of  North 
America ;  but  upon  this  subject  more  de- 
tails may  be  found  in  every  text-book 
of  zoology  and  botany.  We 'would  only 
add,  that  in  the  present  state  of  our  know- 
ledge we  recognize  the  following  combi- 
nations of  animals  within  the  limits  of  the 
temperate  zone,  which  may  be  considered 
as  so  many  distinct  zoological  provinces 
or  faunae. 

*•  In  the  Asiatic  realm, — 1st,  a  north- 
eastern fauna,  the  Japanese  fauna  ;  2d, 
a  southeastern  fauna,  the  Chinese  fauna, 
and  a  central  fuuna,  the  Mongolian  fauna, 
followed  westwards  by  the  Caspian  fau- 
na, which  partakes  partly  of  the  Asiatic 
and  partly  of  the  European  zoological 
character;  its  most  remarkable  animal, 
antelope  saiga,  ranging  west  as  far  as 
southern  Russia.  The  Japanese  and  the 
Chinese  faunas,  stand  to  each  other  in 
the  same  relation  as  southern  Europe  and 
north  Africa,  and  it  remains  to  be  ascer- 
tained by  farther  investigations,  whether 
the  Japanese  fauna  ought  not  to  be  sub- 
divided into  a  more  eastern  insular  fauna, 
the  Japanese  fauna  proper,  and  a  more 
western  continental  fauna,  which  might 
be  called  the  Mandshurian  or  Tongou- 
sian  fauna." 

The  nations  of  men,  inhabiting  these 
regions,  belong  all  to  the  so-called  Mongo- 
lian race,  the  natural  limits  of  which  cor- 
respond exactly  to  the  range  of  the  Ja- 
panese, Chinese,  Mongolian,  and  Caspian 
Faunas  taken  together,  and  that  peculiar 
types,  distinct  nations  of  this  race,  cover 
respectively  the  dillbrent  faunas  of  this 
realm.  The  Japanese  inhabit  the  Japan- 
ese zoological  province,  the  Chinese,  the 
Chinese  province,  the  Mongols,  the  Mon- 
golian province,  and  the  Turks,  the  Cas- 
pian province,  eliminating,  of  course,  the 
modem  establishment  of  Turks  in  Asia 
Minor  and  Europe. 

The  unity  of  Europe,  according  to  our 
author,  exclusive  of  its  artic  regions,  in 
connection  with  Southwestern  Asia,  and 
Northern  Africa,  as  a  distinct  zoological 
realm,  is  established  by  the  range  of  its 
mammalia,  and  by  the  limits  of  the  mi- 
grations of  its  biras,  as  well  as  by  the 
physical  features  of  its  whole  extent  It 
may,  therefore,  be  tabdinded,  into  the 


following  eight  yJitimB,— Ist,  the  Scandi- 
navian munsd ;  2d,  Russian ;  3d,  Central 
European  ;  4th,  Southern  European ;  5th. 
Iran  ;  Cth,  Syrian  ;  7th,  Egyptian ;  and 
8th,  the  faunsB  of  the  Atlas.  But  here 
again  we  note  that  the  European  zoologi- 
cal realm  is  circumscribed  exactly  within 
the  same  limits,  as  the  so-called  white 
race  of  men,  including  as  it  does  the  in- 
habitants of  Southwestern  Asia,  and  of 
North  Africa,  with  the  lower  part  of  the 
valley  of  the  Nile.  Modem  migrations 
and  historical  changes  are,  of  course,  in- 
cluded. The  different  subdivisions  of 
this  race,  even  to  distinct  nationalities  cover 
precisely  the  same  ground,  as  the  special 
faumo,  or  zoological  provinces,  of  this 
most  important  part  of  the  world,  which 
in  all  ages  has  been  the  seat  of  the  most 
advanced  civilization.  In  the  southwest 
of  Asia,  we  find  (along  the  table-land  of 
Iran),  t'ersia  and  Asia  Minor ;  in  the 
plains  southward,  Mesopotamia  and  Syria ; 
along  the  sea-shore  Palestine  and  Pheni- 
cia;  in  the  Valley  of  the  Nile,  Egypt; 
and,  along  the  northem  shores  of  Africa, 
Barbary.  Thus,  we  have  Semitic  nations, 
covering  the  north-  African  and  southwest 
Asiatic  faunae,  while  the  south  European 
peninsulas,  including  Asia  Minor,  are  in- 
nabited  by  Graeco-Roman  nations;  and 
the  cold  temperate  zone  by  Celto-Ger- 
manic  nations ;  the  eastern  range  of  Eu- 
rope being  peopled  by  Sclaves. 

"  Though  temperate  America  resembles 
closely,  in  its  animal  creation,  the  coun- 
tries of  Europe  and  Asia  belonging  to  the 
same  zone,  we  meet  with  physical  and 
organic  features  in  this  continent  which 
difler  entirely  from  those  of  the  Old 
World.  The  tropical  realms,  connected 
there  with  those  of  the  temperate  zone, 
though  bound  together  by  some  analogies, 
differ  essen  tially  from  one  another.  Trop- 
ical Africa  has  hardly  any  species  in  com- 
mon with  Europe,  though  we  may  remem- 
ber that  the  lion  once  extended  to  Greece, 
and  that  the  jackal  is  to  this  day  found 
upon  some  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  and  in 
Morea.  Tropical  Asia  differs  equally  from 
its  temperate  regions,  and  Australia  forms 
a  world  by  itself.  Not  so  in  south- 
ern America.  The  range  of  mountains 
which  extends,  in  almost  unbroken  con- 
tinnitv,  from  the  Arctic  to  Cape  Hom,  es- 
tablishes a  simihirity  between  North  and 
South  America,  which  may  be  traced 
also,  to  a  great  degree,  in  its  plants  and 
animals.  Entire  families  which  are  pecu- 
liar to  this  continent  have  their  represen- 
tatives in  North,  as  well  as  South  Ameri- 
ca, the  cactus  and  didelphis,  fiar  instance ) 
some  species,  as  the  puma,  or  American 


mif 


1$  Jfnn   On0  or  Mamjf 


18 


In  oofinwTtioo  wiih  tbcR*  factJi, 
IM  Cod  tlwt  Unnfiiad  J^mrricQ^  though 
H  1ms  ill  |*^i!t«r  t yff«^  (*•*  r?i?imf*(*?rri5ltc 
■•Omim  «•:  I  Au^ 

iTfthiwdk^  r  the 

<>i  Alri'^a    ftU'l    A^in  ;  t 

►  being  tapirs  and  j  t 

n%Mf  fitiiiooerMeK.  and  hi|"[!^^]»f>iuun  > 
I  lt»miiilisanti|  th«  IUidas  fttiiri  alptcas, 
I  ^-,„„t ,  -...» i^mfieA  J  whilst  it  m- 
ii>  rc«pcct^  of  AustmliA, 

-kic.-  ..  .  "  **.*pe  of  miiT^upmls, 

mUL  til  I '  I  an  is>  attd  j  »A<^h7* 

■mt  •'H    .  ^y«»  life  entirely 

[vmnitb^  tliefi*.  1  t)ti«,  with  due  quftliH* 
'  ,  It  mmf  tw  s»id^  that  the  whole  con- 
lif  Aoienca,  when  cyjitipured  willi 
i^oditii;  twin*cfint^nt?nUof  Ell- 
[^|»^Afhcm  or  Ajiii-Au^fTtilia,  in  dmr- 
bir  B  mnch  prpAti'r  unifonnitT 
rttA  mtur«j  f  .  combined  wilh 

|fe  •peoal  Jooil^  rmyof  tin  mib* 

CjP««i,  wiwtu  ^m{\  justify  th«  e»- 
ilttboient  of  manj  j;pccial  faiinfe  wiihm 

Wmi  ItuBiQ  f«*t«  b<?fnr©  usj  we  may 

L  lltti  Vkn%  should  be  no  gr««t  di- 

{fMtjr  wxoffo^  th0  tribes  of  mui  bhabit- 

;  tto  eontiiifiiit  \  Knd,  bd^d,  the  mo^t 

\  mTeitJg&tion  of  Uieir  nc^oulmri' 

I  Itt*  led  Dr.  Mort^in  to  consider  tliurn 

k  apiHliliitJtiy  tint  a  single  race,  from  the 

of  lh«  £»i|iiimaux  dawn  to  the 

ftmo«4  extremity  of  the  oontin&nt. 

^  nt  tbr  fawi^  limt*,  tt  ^lould  be  f€- 

r-l  '   accofdantH?  with  the 

al  f*f  tho  wholB  rcalai^ 

u  t/i  an  iuHni  to  nniaber 

\^  iwaQ  '  en  ting  tnore  or  less 

I  rji[ie  irom  mciother« 

*  JU  l»  the  «|i«d*l  fiiun^  of  the  Ameri- 

il,  we  may  di-^^'*'  •  "  ^^  uiihin 

to  sonc,  a  C '  '  tuna^ 

tww  Nawfwani! —  ....  i^-a  the 

l£>  tlM   baste  of  tfio   Rock^ 

DaitainaL  A  &mu  of  ttio  Notih  Am^ru^ 

I  ftijyif  fffmf  A  fiinnaof  the  Ntirthittjjt 

%  Ibasva   of   thp    mi^idU    Vniiad 

j  ft  frvrr  'H  UftHed 

of  tbt  AmaHaui  rftntimtit  fWim 
roT  llioOJdWorRi  ru 

Nf  til  iha  ptt^raph  i 

■nalfl,  Ibaai  llbO  oxict  cijm'4|x>naeui'« 
fall  iki  ftdftmali  of  (h«  norUum  ttqipM^ 
I  MM  of  Aswriai  with  thum  of  Eytope: 
Cbi   dkUtiCliriatie  fbrm«  of   wliich 
\  to  tlM  aoM  fKfiarm,  with  it)«  tix* 
oeljr  of  A  fcw  eubcirdittAte  Ijiies, 
M  llto  OMnmi  Aiwl  IIm  tkuttlL 
'lalmpial  AiMrioi  wn  waj  difto- 


giiish  a  Certfral  AfUi^rtmnfmma^  a  Ura- 
^ili'an  fauJiiL  ^Jnuna  ofifn?  Pumpas^  a 
fauna  of  tht-  Cojflilfn'm.  a  Perupinn 
faunfi^  nnd  a  Patagonuin  fauna  ^  bnt 
ft  is  nnue€e?.^ry  for  our  purpose  to  men- 
tion here  their  characteristic  fpaturea, 
w^hich  in  ay  T*g  >r*thered  frotn  the  works 
of  rriiice  New  Wicd,  of  Spii  and  ^lartina, 
of  T*?chtidij  of  Popjiig,  of  EamoQ  dc  U 
Sam.  of  Purwinj  Ac," 

We  cannot,  however,  fillow  Af&affli  , 
fiirther^  in  hia  demonstrations  of  the  sarat_ 
remarkable  coinndences,  fn  the  Africai^' 
tbe  Eaht  Indiun,  the  An  strati  an.  And  Ibo 
PotvnesiJin  ryaliO'^t  Knouph  Kas  beea 
said,  we  think,  to  show  that  the  organ^ 
ixwl  life  of  the  globe  is  distributed  Into  a 
series  of  distinct  circl<!s  or  larger  itphereiL 
which  are  ag-ain  dividctl  into  a  seHea  of 
smaller  spheres,  and  of  which  we  may  re- 
gard the  inferior  ptants  and  animals  as 
constituting  the  circumferences,  and  cei^ 
tain  rfic^.<?  of  men.  the  serenil  centres,  ft 
is  a  most  impre^iYc  view^  and  one  that 
forces  the  inference  upon  the  mind,  that 
it  cannot  be  a  chance  collocation^  that 
plant^^  and  jLnimals  and  men  ha?e  not  m- 
sumed  this  arrangementj  under  cajinal  in- 
flueneea  (by  the  random  dispersion  of 
seeds  by  windj*.  by  the  drift  of  waters,  by 
the  deposits  of  binlii,  by  the  sbipwrwik  of 
canoes^  4c.  ^).  but  that  it  denotes  A 
gmt  geticinl  plan,  whereby  the  CreattTQ 
Wisdom  has  oonncctLd,  difii^io^ed,  and  co- 
ordinated the  my  nod  upherca  of  life  into 
A  grand  organic  whole.  X}f.  Ch aimer?),  itt 
hU  Briijgewater  Treatme^  ba^  an  idmim- 
bio  chapter  on  the  **  collocatiooa  "  of  mat- 
ter AS  A  proof  of  dedgn,  but  what  col  lo- 
cation that  he  onu merited  is  more  rogiilir 
or  beAutiful  than  the  cotlocAtions  which 
Agaasiz  has  hei^  unfolded  in  r^irftrd  ta 
the  relations  of  all  the  hving  croatureii  I 
Does  it  not  open  a  new  chapter  to  our 
perceptions  of  the  order  of  the  unirerAii 
while  il  kjndtea  a  tivid  hope  of  the  speedjr 
dtftooverr  of  the  laws  wbica  govern  the  or* 
gatiic  diifereDco  and  the  historiCAl  chaagei 
of  races? 

Without  stopping  to  remark  upon  th« 
utter  absi<nce  of  any  authentic  ca^*  of  thoi  , 
trAQSfuutatiou  of  one  rare  into  Another, 
or  aj>on   the   rcatrlcted   influence  whk'H  i 
climate  And  other  extertiAl  cauaes,  hAVA 
ho^n  demonBtrAtiKl  to  haro,  Aren  In  th«  | 
produotton  of  alight  ethab  fsriAlf^m^  w 
upon  the  important  otjdABOit  ol  tlM  dli*  j 
tsr  ^^  f  races  to  be  drawn  ftom  hf- 

\'  LIS  bring  together  the  two  <tr 

tl .  i . .  I  r .. .  .L  vg oomidcrAtioiu  otat  w hidi  wn^  ] 
hare  »o  NummanJy  pMAtdi^tllAltlii  Seri|»> 
imtSL  which  Are  wuppOM  to  toAdi  thA 
Mimiili  b^toric  oc^  of  mvn^  ^baUjf 


14 


Coicu  de  E^pafla. 


[Jnly 


haTe  another  meaning ;  that  the  traditions 
of  most  races,  the  more  exclusive  and  un- 
friendly as  we  ascend  their  annals,  have 
made  them  the  immemorial  possessors  of 
the  soil  on  which  they  were  found,  while 
all  their  arts  were  referred,  not  to  common 
progenitors,  but  to  special  and  peculiar 
gods ;  that  the  distinctions  of  race  have 
been  permanent  for  thousands  of  years, 
and  that  the  human  races,  like  plants  and 
animals,  exist  in  quite  definite  zoological 
spheres,  out  of  which  they  seldom  rovo, 
'  and  in  which  they  thrive  the  best, — and 
have  we  not  good  grounds  for  the  con- 
clusion that  the  historical  beginnings  of 
men  have  been  diverse  ?  We  say  nothing 
of  the  period  which  preceded  all  history, 
of  that  primitive  or  Adamic  condition, 
when  the  earth,  like  man  himself,  was  in 
its  infantile  integrity,  as  both  tradition  and 
revelation  assert — and  when  the  gradual 
loss  of  innocence  brought  about  the  grand 
moral  and  physical  crisis  or  transition  in 
which  the  present  historical  order  origi- 
nated, because  that  is  a  question  which 
pertains  to  theology  and  not  to  natural 
science ;  nor  do  we  maintain  that  the  dif- 
ferent races  are  distinct  species,  because 
the  men  of  science  have  so  bedeviled  the 
word  specieSj  by  their  definitions,  each 
one  using  it,  to  favor  his  own  views,  that 
it  is  difficult  to  tell  what  it  moans,  while 
the  theologians  attach  to  it  the  most 
sacred  associations,  so  that  to  deny  the 
identity  of  the  human  species  seems  like 
denying  the  manhood  of  men.  But  we  do 
state,  that  so  far  as  scientific  and  archae- 
ological inquiries  go,  the  preponderance  of 
evidence  is  on  the  side  of  fixed  and  pri- 


mordial distinctions  among  the  races,  and 
of  a  multiple  or  national,  rather  than  an 
mdividual  or  dual  origination  in  history. 

We  are  compelled  to  answer  the  ques- 
tion of  our  running-title,  then,  by  saying 
that  man  is  many,  because  he  is  consti- 
tuted of  a  multitude  of  races,  whose  char- 
acteristics, outside  of  certain  limits  of  va- 
riability, have  been  permanent ;  and  yet^ 
that  he  is  one,  because  he  is  inconvert- 
ably  separated  from  every  other  organism, 
by  his  anatomy,  his  physiology,  his  mind 
and  his  heart,  which  place  him,  in  his 
lowest  forms,  at  the  head  of  creation; 
while  the  Infinite  Father  has  vouchsafed 
him  a  common  responsibility  and  a  glorious 
destiny.  That  hierarchical  gradation  of 
marked  and  immiscible  series,  which  is 
the  secret  of  universal  order,  whereby  the 
extrcmest  variety  is  harmonized  in  unity, 
is  not  departed  from  in  his  case,  but  is 
most  signally  illustrated,  proving  more 
than  any  thing  else  his  immense  superi- 
ority to  all  creatures,  at  the  present,  and 
promising  his  indefinite  expansion  and 
improvement  in  the  future.  For  though 
the  primordial  forms  of  Races  are  dis- 
tinctive and  fixed,  yet  each  in  its  sphere 
is  susceptible  of  growth  or  development^ 
and  the  great  triumph  of  Christianity  will 
consist  in  educing  the  spiritual  phase  of 
each  type  of  man,  heretofore  dominated 
by  the  Vitalities  of  Nature.  The  nations 
are  of  one  blood,  therefore,  not  genealogi- 
cally, but  spiritually,  in  their  capacities 
of  thought  and  afiection,  which  the  blood 
only  typifies,  and  which  are  the  very 
essence  and  most  real  grounds  of  their 
manhood. 


COSAS   DE   ESPAKA. 
(Gonoliided  ttom  p^pe  S9&) 


THS  PIQ-KILLINO. 

A  FTER  the  poultry  has  all  been  eaten  up, 
A.  comes  the  pig-killing.  This,  too,  hap- 
pening at  the  Christmas  season,  makes  an 
occasion  more  or  less  festal  in  Barcelona. 
Your  Spanish  pig,  who,  by  the  way,  is  a 
no  less  important  character  in  his  country 
than  is  his  cousin  in  Ireland,  is  not  rused 
for  the  Yulgar  purpose  of  being  fried  to 
Urd,  or  salted  down  to  pork.  He  has^  ia 
fac<^  no  more  &t  than  he  has  hair  on  him. 
He  is  a  long-leggod,  loii|^-8Boated  aadlonp- 
tftiled  fellow,  and  woold  hate  Iwn  dtp 


scribed  by  Plato  as  an  animal  without 
hairs.  But  though  the  pickings  on  his 
ribs  be  small,  they  are  sweet.  The 
Spaniard  rolls  the  morsels  under  his 
tongue  as  he  does  his  easily-besetting  sins. 
It  is  nut-fed  flesh;  and  has  the  flavor  of 
acorns.  This  taste  is  as  much  prized  in 
the  roasted  joint  as  that  of  the  skin  in 
the  sherry.  Pig  is  came  hi  Spain.  The 
porker  does  not  live  here  in  the  chimney- 
corner,  and  sit  .in  the  best  arm-chair  as 
in  Paddy's  cabin;  bat  he  roams  the  fields. 
Mid  goes  a-nutting  with  the  boys  and 
girls.  He  eaits  gnss,  as  there  are  no 
cows  to  eat  ii;  and  woidd  milk  the  goats 


w 


Comu  d9  Eitpam. 


UcT  iriiitid  hi  him*     TIo 
\  H  mon?  thhti  ihe  moiif  nni- 
!  tti  ulbtf  ot>iitttrii?«;  ft  ml  i?,  in  cons<v 
wil]tng  trj  Ik*  driven.     He 

r  uv  more  fowul  munda  in  it     It  h 
^leM  ihri^up}!  tbe  nn»^*  *^''^'>  ^i^  New 
1;  mail  hM  NOflK'  evi'n 

r4»wii  tliio  lltrtMit  I  <  ofa 

wifJi  him.     The   ^Ic^^^h   of  the 
b  ti»  lh»t  of  the  foniKT  m  the 


I  trf'  ruttst  pre  itt  t<>  the  t-itnnt*d 
ifl  In  vmir  Hilkiiji^  fuuliJli^u     Afford  mi?* 
;i»  rmtt  ^tk  St  a  SpnnlFh  tulilo  is  to 
jrf>urMlf   **of   the  ctrL'nmci- 
i;^  and  tikimhi  yon  <k'clmc?  a  ctit  *if  & 
*/  bic*  bini,  ytm   irouhl  Ik*  kcI 
k  wt  B»  fw^cr  thill  a  hf  ae  b  c^i .    It  ou  - 
,  3rmi  U^VtiT  wtmhJ  do  it — part  leu  Iwr* 
titer  hsrifiir  tiMd  this  f^s^*)',     1  n^mre 
I  dMi  tfh&fi  joa  Quij  tian'  id  ten  up  all 
i  whldl  were  stowin!  fiwiiy  m 
.  yiHi  ei.nn(»t  rj(^  \wtUT 
lt»«ttBde  yoflflAndlord*!!  r*>juit  pjg — 
mil  pt  it     (inly  it  maj 
L  j«M  tWr  in  tiH>  nykontng,  liff  it  ifi 
ft  dkh    to  6^'t   in^funt  the  king. 
lt*m^imf  tikt  porll,  or  ymi  mmy  not ;  bnt 
mt  lUaf  f0  Wttda.  it  ia  the  only  meat 
Ul9  Pcniaralft  wiiicH  has  jnleeB  in  it, 
I  oaf  luTe  ■  wry  tittb ;  and  BhmM 
I  In9«l  far  in  t!i^  coim:    •  would 

\^f  when  voij  w<.  1  of  a 

t^Cit.    Batthebet^  1^  ..  -  ^^ '- 

An  tnilm  Jotnt  of 

tr 

m    \  

bpOWJJg  St  tht^  f^iid  tti  lliut  Lin)0 

^  W  wia»  in  fiw^t^  <it  th*'  t«»giTininf;-^ 

Make  yp  rotir  loiml^ 

t,  t*»  ^^f   M^o   iiv^Ht  of  H«'  iiniir- 

■  if  go- 

^tpi^pn  <  tnkt* 

itihffi* 

>  jdrj  I  iji  |>ork ; 

temr  U  '  I fcr  who,  when 

te  imid'l    .      |.._;ij^r(!,  4:#n   fimj   a 

^lowcirk  upon.     Forewarned— 

Bui  inl  |pt  tin   ««  fi  V   Iha 

!  g«9f«to  wurk  I'l'  ^  The 

bl«l^ii  aof  dtms  in  Uio  r  r  in  a 

It  i<  «  *r»l^it*nf  '^oeh!- 

[  mi  .<prO' 


Md  aj  w4Vfl  Hit  it 


'w«A&  HIT  mis  |mr;i' 


lUey  m^y  not  go  to  churcli  fo  Ray  theif 
jiravcTsu  But  k^t  tbtm  he  walking,  with 
one  dejFT^  or  anolher — and  they  fre<)iicnt- 
\y  htt^^t?  KeTcral  ui  their  heafia  at  onee — 
:'  rinnot  pi  to  ibis  favorite  promenade 
\i  hearing  the  ^qnealing*  Every^ 
Lp.MMJep  is  honnd  to  Re«  the  hops  on  the 
Pium,  »s  Xhi^j  apo  among  the  lionfl  of  the 
city;  «nd  cvtry  one  who  w-*m14  ,mv->  %n 
ai?eoimt  of  the  cc^r/jr  de  Bar*  •.  <  let 

the  abeohitt*   necossily  of  <;  _,  the 

kiUinj;  of  thrm, 

One  exlremiiyoftho  C!«n1ftnar^  thofi,  fi 
covereil  with  herds  of  swim^  all  a^  Mack 
aa  if  they  were  posneRned  with  devils. 
Your  8 1 mn lard  himnelf  is  hrowti.  Of 
mtirse,  bis  pig  cannot  be  white^  He  has 
bwn  blaek  evtT  f^infe  thi*  country  was  in 
the  j)i^>iKf'ssion  i>f  the  Muor<— if  not  longer, 
Indeeii,  a  wbtte  porker  would  jiaM  f^p  a 
gho.«5t — wcjidd  make  every  native  turn 
paler  than  Iiimself — and  would  tie  dnv'eii 
out  of  the  renfnsula  with  PatiT  N<JHter^* 
Accordingly,  the  pip  on  the  Pasco  arc  all 
black,  and  all  eatholia 

The  jiortioTi  of  tho  esplanade  set  apart 
for  thejse  saeriflecs  may  be  half  nn  acre  of 
more.  Tbitbor  th*  predestined  aiw  driven 
by  tens  und  by  fifties  frem  the  eountry* 
A  certain  miml^r  of  them,  called  tir^t  \o 
meet  their  fate,  are  coaxed  mto  theglaugli-» 
ter-houRfi,  and  then  bound  hand  antl  foot. 
As  for  the  house.  It  oonsiirt^  of  a  small  clr* 
ctdfir  f»orti<>n  of  the  sands  of  ihi*  PaMef>. 
without  a  jiunf le  flWard  Xn^  wver  them^  anij 
of  1*0  mucli  of  the  bhie  heavens  as  roofs  the 
spi>t.  There  are  no  floors,  no  clean  Ktriw, 
no  hot- water,  no  erosn^beani'?,  no  pulleys 
There  are  hoga  and  Spanianls — no  morow 
\  Eld  'tia  all  that  isnooesiu'j — as  wo  ihall 

Of  i\k{i9tkkms,  I  lie  le*isthatjgf^id,  lh<?  ' 
b<*tter ;  so  of  tho  wpiealing.  The  rule  of  tho 
former  operation  sfipms  to  he  "iwcre  well 
fion^^  if  ^tit^''re*hfie  ipnM^  i  and  of  tho 
latter,  i  rv.  there  in  ko  little  wool  Of 

hair,  t!  i  not  tie  too  much  cpyinir» 

The  prcniKj^r  uu'^unrnt  is  ciiy^ht  m  plat- 
ter, itnd  pftics  into  tfte  putlditijr*  of  lb« 
Ayndamlf  n*  ,  '  «  *  o-  -^  tialj 
Koul  of  the  I  uly 

openin**,  a  b    M.  ..-  ^l,,.- ^i.  ,  .  »p*t, 

and  the  nuresii^tm^  hrad  i^  i  i  Irt 

a  nmall   lo^  fis  oti  to  a  pi  I'  iinl 

thbfi  lien  puraHel  anotbep  h*:  a*,  rh-  ilij:- 
tance  of  a  couple  of  ft*et;  AU'l  In",  w^  *  n  ihe 
two  ifi  a  Jow  (Ire  of  tiii«-faggot^  'J'ba 
head  i«  pulled  over  tha  flatn«%  flnt  tliii 
Rirte  nfid  then  that^  nntil  whmt  little  hair 
thw  Hnifuni  hnt}  nn  hi**  for*i>*tJi*p  t«  Rit^jjiKf, 

zieii'i  lo  mti — ones  man  pujuti^  ami  turninf 


le 


Quat  dt  EtpaSa, 


[July 


bjT  me&ns  of  the  hook,  and  mnothcr  doing 
the  same  by  the  natural  hand]*  of  the 
liind  feet.  A  noviee  might  suppoise  that 
the  pig  was  about  to  m  roasied  in  pre- 
©amtioti  fur  sonae  great  feast;  wbereaa 
lie   is  fiimply  to  be  chEured  a  little^  and 

^'scraped  with  a  h<?e.  The  animal^  which 
mnt  on  to  the  fire  blacky  comes.off  of  it 
white.  To  make  the  transfigumtioii  per- 
fect, the  bod  J  is  dragged  from  the  logs  on 
to  a  few  clean  hurdles,  and  laid  back  up- 
wards, as  natural  as  life.  Then  the  cleaner 
mounts  and  seats  hinisolf  astride  the  neck 
as  cavalierly  m  tliongh  he  were  ^kig  to 
run  a  race^  or  make  a  iailj  against  the 
hJcws.  But^  instead  of  that^  he  goes  busi- 
ly to  work  upon  the  head,  removing  by 
means  of  tlie  scraper,  together  with  a  very 
imall  quantum  of  water,  what  had  been 
left  by  the  hoe.  As  he  gains  upou  his 
task,  he  gradually  re tnoveRhiii  seat  farther 
ftiid  farther  back,  until  at  last  he  ridi^  by 
the  tail,  and  may  tumble  oir  into  the  mud 
bebindT  if  he  be  not  carefid*  All  this  is 
the  work  of  but  a  few  minutes.  The 
cleaning  process  finished^  the  butcher  ap- 
proaches, and  at  a  blow  or  two,  cuts  off, 
jiot  the  head,  but  the  half  of  it— teing  that 
^rlion  attached  to  the  upper  jaw-  Then 
down  the  back  goea  the  quick  knife^ 
once  or  twice— and  the  booe  isout,  with  Ihe 
tail  into  the  bargain.     It  is  done  in  scarce- 

,  ly  more  time  than  it  takes  an  old  salt  to 
6p1  it  a  cod fi sh.  Baskets  are  brought  lined 
^'ith  clean  white  clotii  to  receive  the 
entrails*  The  blood  is  neatly  wiped  out 
of  the  carcase  by  napkins.  The  knife  goes 
down  the  belly  as  it  had  before  the  back. 
The  officer  of  excif?ej  whose  dignity  is  sup^ 
port^  by  a  tent,  with  a  couple  of  chain- 
ed bull'dogs,  now  comes  forward  and 
applies  the  red-hot  brand  to  the  two  se- 
parated sides*  Each  of  these  is  hfbed  by 
anemns  of  a  pole  laid  across  two  men's 
fihoulders,  and  in  weighed.  Then,  finally, 
each  manj  shouldering  his  half,  walks  off 
^'ilh  it  out  of  the  ring,  and  deposits  it  in  a 
neighboring  cart*  which  straightway  rat- 
ties  both  off  to  the*  market.  Every  part 
of  the  process  being  done  by  Bj^peiis^  the 
whole  is  accomplished  with  rt*m  ark  able 
fttpidity,  and  with  greater  neatness  than 
coM  he  expected,  considering  place  and 

*  'mrsons.  Nothing  short  of  a  little  broil- 
ing over  their  own  \o^  I  am  sure,  would 
iulUce  to  vrhitcu  the  hides  of  thepig*kilkrs 
themsel  ves.  As  it  was,  they  were  precise- 
ly  the  color  of  hams,  and  had  e^ery  ap- 
pearance ^'■'*  i  -  i  from  the  smoke-hole. 
Nut  to  ■  0  on  ibis  vvty  Spanish 
theme,  I  u  i  u  nwi  unit  the  porker  has  the  b- 
iierty  of  the  walk  in  liarcelona  on  one  other 
occasion  bir^des  that  when  be  m  led  out  to 


slaughter.  It  h  when  h&  h  put  up  in  a 
raffle.  Then  you  s?ee  him  walking  over  the 
course,  escorted  with  fife  and  drum,  and 
bis  tail  tied  up  with  ribbons.  The  mnsi- 
dans  go  before,  and  a  driver  with  a  big 
whip  follows  after.  Thus  in  triumphal 
procession  the  decorated  shote  passes 
through  the  principal  streets  of  the  town. 
He  nioves  on  cheerfully,  though  slow — 
whether  pleased  v^ithamusic  scarcely  too 
sdentific  to  gratify  his  eoTj  or  strniuJated 
by  the  cracks  of  a  thong,  of  which  he  h 
perfectly  conscious,  to  appreciate  the  me- 
lody, AU  men  give  way  to  him.  For  tbe 
lime  being  he  is  the  hog  of  the  walk.  He 
deserves  to  be.  For  he  hiuj  been  picked 
out  from  all  his  fellows,  as  the  biggest,  the 
fattei^t,  the  handsomest.  Like  many  gayer 
promcnaders,  he  takes  hiis  airing  less  to  see 
than  bo  seen.  Not  that  he  expects  to  at- 
tract the  eyes  of  fair  ladies,  or  the  glai^ses 
of  the  beaux.  It  will  better  answer  the 
purpose  if  a  tailor  look  at  him — if  a  cobbler 
be  induced  to  buy  one  of  his  tickets — if  a 
butcher  or  an  innkeeper,  or  any  person 
who  tnoy  think  it  cheaper  to  purchase  his 
meat  by  lottery  than  to  go  to  market  for 
it^  shall  be  led  from  a  sight  of  his  fat 
point*  to  go  to  one  of  the  numerous  lottery 
offices,  and  pay  down  hia  W^^ta  for  & 
chance  at  the  **  whole  hog.'*  These  office* 
are  located  at  convenient  points  about  the 
town,  and  may  be  i:^ect>gnized  by  a  sign 
over  the  door,  containing  the  portrait  of 
the  identical  animal,  diawu  in  chalk  or 
charcoalp 

The  passion  for  lotteries  is  strong  in 
Spain.  The  government  constantly  helpa 
out  its  unsatisfactory  revenue^i  by  aid  of 
thenL  Lottery  tickets  are  exposed  for 
sale  in  the  principal  streets.  Traders  in 
tickets  are  to  be  met  with  on  the  pub* 
lie  walks^  The  numbers  which  have 
drawn  prizes  in  the  great  national  lotteries 
at  Madrid  are  posted  up  at  the  street-cor* 
ners  by  agents  of  the  government;  and 
the  fortimate  drawer  of  the  highest  prize 
is  heralded  about  in  all  the  newspap^^a. 
The  pi{^-rifus,  however,  are  authorized  by 
the  authorities  of  the  city  j  and  are  always 
said  to  be  granted  for  charitable  purposes* 
Hence  the  lockless  purcb&ser,  who  gives 
his  good  hard  reals  for  a  blank,  may  al- 
ways comfort  himself  with  the  belief  that 
his  money  has  gone  to  the  poor's  l:>ox— 
thotigh,  for  my  part,  I  gi'eatly  fear  lest  a 
considerable  percentage  "m^y  have  stopped 
in  the  pockeiis  of  the  AyuntamuiUQ, 

Observe  that  yoin*  Spautard  does  not 
fet  up  a  horse  or  an  ox— not  even  a  bull 
or  a  lionkcy  in  a  raflle.  He  knows  Itiat 
DO  soul  would  buy  a  ticket.  It  would  t^ 
quire  double  the  number  of  musickoSi 


(hmii  d§  Eipana. 


17 


i  gill!  worse  moMc  to  attimet  Ifvc  attcn- 
Hm  of  the  mrnmvA  puUic*  A  Tew  ^ryp- 
■MiBi^r^i-  '  ^  nor^«  or  an  hf^  ivho 
Wii  g<Mri  f  into  A  ri/^  particu* 

brly  if  He  wrrv  imJt  of  lilind.  Of  \ml\f 
SpttfinttL  The  pf>pulac«  mij^hl  look  tt  a 
Mil,  if  il  w«r«  ono  whtrh  Khon^etl  fight 
^ttMl  nsfKlcred  tl  pm^lent  for  all  but  tor* 
rm  to  fcl  tiut  of  tlie  waj.  Yt-t  it 
oMiM  ttoi  b*  o«rUiin  that  tn/  bodj  but 
Idk  tM(n^t«  ifoultl  take  the'troiibte  to 
iriiik*«ll«r  iLiiy  c»r  tbo  before-menlion^ 
^  ^iiMdra{K<lA»  Btit  sbo^  m  latiye  an  &ni- 
na]  m]i&bl«  oi  :  verted  into  bai^s 

ttod  tMhom^  iti^  /h  is  at  once  dis* 

«iH<dil  til  intcFcitt  m  hitu.    He  in^tiocti  fgIj 

r»  bfct  liaiifU  mio  hii  poeketi  to  s^  if 
b  ricfa  MMi^  la  b«  tho  owner  of  ane 
ytmim.  ]f  00.  iw  i^oeB  itnught  to  tht^ 
wen-laowii  0fSo&  and  btija  %  ticket  enti- 
Uinf  Mm,  bjr  h«1p  of  S&otA  Eolalia,  to 
.  Um  «limAt««ltire.  Siirh  is  the  Sp&niiLTd^S 
wm  oC  fiUiqc  hia:  f>ork  barrt'L 

Bol  Iht  dtMUnclii^  pi.'CuLiuitj  of  the 
BwistlRMM  ^^  rcmiJnJi  to  be  mentioDed  | 
■ftd  eonld  on  no  tocount  bo  k^ft  out  of  anj 
ffj|fU  deacriptLon  of  him.  It  is  not  that 
ht  mMm  uytji.  it  i§  ttot  tliat  be  \b^  kilfod 
iMi  tW  t*aMt<^  SutWi.  It  15  not  tlmt  he 
m  fatt  iziid  lott«ri(!ft.  It  m  thnt  /ir  if 
Ifaiwffrf  ^  rVjrf,     Am  HOOTi  &8  h9 

pilM  bim  >  ho  is  1  candidate  for 

fcip<l«w  Hirr  ^lo^cker  the  b«ller  after 
Iht  catling  of  Kia  ejeteeth,  he  is  spHnklcd 
WTtHii  Iwily  wmt«jr.  That  eerctnony  per- 
iifiBtd  lip^vn  hull,  h«  \h  no  lon^^  an  un- 
lA  aaltfialfr  He  is  held  to  be  as  g^iXKl 
igiiDaraloil,    He  is  c<sttemtKi  Christi«.n, 

I  m  CaAMth  aM  Satiit  George  of  Oata^ 
1^    The  act  for  tver  ihidd^  htm  from 

•Jl  had  McidffitJL  He  is  not  liable  to  lose 
him  mpfMk^  and  rii*r<iie  nut&  II i8  suptK!r 
b  ooi  likdj  to  git«  him  the  nigKttnure. 
Btf  li  fi«*  rJipQiMvd  to  the  mk  of  breaking 
bii  aoia  off  in  rooting,  Il«  ciitinot  b@ 
eHhI  ftwij  hjr  hohgoblins,  or  have  hia 
i  fdIM  out  hj  Iho  Old   Nick.     Hin 

II  it  HO^  li>  be  wbolcfoose.  No  Cbrb^ 
I  am  bo  cbdkod  in  twanow  ing  tt^  though 
iMitait  nofif  f  r  "*^i  ^^-^iigle  a  Jour. 

It  frill  Ml  pl^  tri'  lomachft  of 

trat  Miofn  vHik  .- 
frriiin  ttttbgbQWttaofa 
ood  nlbf^  t>  attialifaroatr 
df  iny  >'  fidttl.    ItM  jiuGisii  rcn^ 

dflrid  pir  witiT  !t^.r?Tfrit  will  not 

ipoil  iLe  autu|*lt'A(«m  of  \\  licale- 

Jy^brod  i^flor^t*.  nor  m:^  .  ^alkro 

m  ibidit  blacker  llian  hu  b  h^  iinturtj^ 

Hj  bH  oic^ani^  then,  Icl  th*'  pig  bo 
i|vi '  ■  ■  '.  1 1  i|uadntpedji  arc  in  Bare©* 

looii  ^  aertsloeiiUt  day  of  Janilr 

^  ir^  uxr^^umm  vill  rid«  hia  }mm  w 


nrk  like 


his  ass  three  times  around  the  chutii7h  of 
San  Antonio  A  bad — with  bnyJed  tad  and 
mane  woven  with  flowers — with  a  hug:o 
iorUU  loaf  of  bread  htmy  at  hiii  svldle- 
bow^->and  himself  in  a  red  cap.  sheepskin 
jacket  and  leathtir  shorta  i  and  if  he  will 
come  to  a  halt  before  the  church  stepsy 
while  a  prie.*t  reads  a  prajer  over  man 
and  as!s,  and  another  throws  hoir  water 
in  both  their  faces;  and  if  he  wdl  then 
draw  out  hl*^  leathern  pouch,  and  pay  into 
the  holy  man's  hands  tuppence  ha- penny  j 
and  after  having  paid  dowTi  his  coppera 
and  received  into  the  bari^ain  a  picture  of 
San  Antonio  A(>od  him^Tc  together  with 
a  printed  account  of  the  food  saint\s  power 
in  iiuerceding  for  all  Chrif^tian  muk'tcers 
and  jackassea  at  the  throne  of  the  Kle&st'd 
Virgin,  he  wdl  then  back  out  of  the  sctJio 
as  quickly  as  whip  and  spur  and  hfMivcn 
can  help  him  so  to  do^  and  wdl  mnrcovcr 
cut  down  the  street  and  through  half  the 
town  as  if  the  Devil  himst^lf  were  after 
him  to  wipe  off  the  sacramental  drops  ere 
they  were  dry  in  the  hair — then  I  say. 
that  neither  his  honte.  nor  his  ass,  nor  his 
tniile  shall  hit  his  fbot  against  a  stono 
from  that  day  twelvemonth.  lie  shall 
not  hare  horse  aih  nor  staggera^  nor  any 
sort  of  murrain  within  Uw  year.  He  shall 
not  be  foundered t  nor  lo^  his  wind.  He 
shall  not  kick^  nor  bite,  nor  so  much  as 
flirt  his  tallj  except  in  fly  time,  San  An* 
tonio  Abftd  atiiwen;  for  it  afh  Duly  one 
thing,  tm fortunately,  ho  docs  not  under- 
take to  giiarantee — and  that  is  to  stop  a 
jackass  from  braying  when  *^he  d^n 
pleases*" 

Let  the  quadrupeds  be  blessed  then. 
Only  the  ass,  I  think^  might  as  well  be 
left  out  He  is  too  stupid  an  animal  to 
bo  at  all  aflected  by  beneilictiou.^.  tie 
knows  only  one  sort  of  water — and  that 
is  drtnkifig  water.  Shake  the  holy  hroom 
over  his  head,  or  tlw  cowhide^  still  ho 
braySi  Be  the  grounil  under  his  feet  sacrml 
Of  prolkne.  it  makes  no  difTL^renoe,  he  bravs 
italh  When  at  the  hour  of  vespers  you 
are  llsteumg  to  the  nun's  Zow  chant ;  or 
whcn^  the  jiealmg  oigau  done,  the  aoktnn 
fijlenoe  is  bn>ken  only  by  the  whispffisd 
prayer  of  the  kneeling  worshipperii^£7sc« 
Joiifi  PttrisinM  / — what  a  di&boliiml  oot^ 
eort  is  suddenly  set  up  by  tliu  i^sea  wait- 
ing at  the  church  doors  [  Or  when  hi  the 
iitdly  night  the  melancholy  lover  Is  iwur- 
ing  out  nis  tcnderent  plait^t  beneath  Iha 
baloony  of  his  lady  fair^  and  his  HTnent  sl>u1 
is  breathing  forth  ttx  Ia>jt  st^fi  aigh — tScin* 
ia  i\faria  i^d^xaaf — what  a  longer 
drawn  wail^  what  a  more  powerful  High* 
lug  cornea  fpi>m  the  b«lly  of  ioroe  neigh- 
boring and  no  litt  dkMMd  idokey !   In 


IS 


Cotaa  de  £»palta. 


[July 


A  country  where  so  much  time  tR  spent 
either  before  the  altar  or  beneath  the  bal- 
mny ;  and  where  there  is  at  least  a  pair 
of  jocka^sses  to  every  cotiple  of  iUktnU  and 
lovers,  this  hrajfing^  ^>ecniies  an  tutolep- 
nbk  nuisance.  If  Snn  Antonio  A  bad  ware 
worth  a  fig,  hb  would  put  &  stop  to  it, 

TITE   CARKIVAL, 

TtiK  Ban^lonese  CamiTal  k  to  that  of 
I  Spain  what  the  Roman  is  to  Italy.  Bac- 
( chnia  M ith  a  long  retinue  of  Fanns  and 
i  SatyrR  always  pays  the  Catalonia^n  capital 
[  ft  vjait  at  thi?5  Ht'Aisoti ;  and  A'enus  is  there 
\  too  with  her  train  of  Loves  and  Graces. 
[Both  of  them,  however,  con<luct  them- 
'  selves  with  so  much  more  sobriety  thaji 
*  they  formerly  did  at  the  Grecian  festivala, 
that  they  can  hardly  be  recog:nized  as  the 
same  porjtana^es.  Still  fun  and  frolic  aro 
I  let  pretty  freely  loose  in  the  streets;  and 
i«7en  Ca'^tilmn  ji^ravity  comas  out  in  belifl 
[mud  a  Tom-foors  cap. 

During  the  daytime  there  are  prooea- 

throu^h  the  streets,  with  luaskfl, 

Bia  itnd  banners.     Fraternities  of  odd 

fcllows,  and  good  fellows,  and  all  sort^  of 

Ifellowii,  parade  their  youthful  folites  and 

idiasyneracies  in  the  faj:e  of  day  and  of 

alt  the  pfiople.     And  he  h  the  very  best 

fellow  of  them  all   who  we^rs  the  most 

fantastic  apparel,  who  bears  the  wittiest 

I  motto,  who  makea  the  most  absurd  har^ 

angnes,  who  utters  the  most  unpardonable 

puns.     The  gypsy  beaux  too  are  out  on 

horseback  \  not  clad  in  rags  and  f^kins,  but 

for  onow  in  ruflBed  shiriE,  plumed  hat?, 

i'ackcts  of  broadclothj  and  having  their 
loriscs'   tails  braided   with  ribbons  and 
ro^*s-     Colossal  %ureE  representing  the 
genii  locLf  are  borofl  about  the  town  upon 
»ic«n*3  shoulders  5  or  are  drawn  In  state 
in   immense   gilded  chariots,   hung  with 
.  lowers.     Bands  of  music  go  before;  the 
aost  gorgeous  or  the  most  groti^sque  of 
^|>ody guards  acciompany  the  divinities  \  and 
the  whole  rabblo  of  the  town  comas  afler. 
The  wheels  of  business  are  made  for  two 
or  three  days  to  stand  still ;  and  only  tho 
car  of  pleasure  rolls  unhindered  throagh 
I  the  city. 

At  night,  ©"rary  body  goes  to  the  pub- 
llic  balls*  All  the  theatres  and  halls  are 
1  converted  into  baU-rooms.  Even  th® 
[merchanii  are  turned  out  of  the  Ex- 
I  change,  and  its  beautiful  apartments  are 
[Appropriated  to  the  dancers*  But  the 
I  centre  of  attraction  is  the  opera  house. 
iThis,  which  ih**  Barcejonesp  will  t«U  you 
Lis  the  largest  one  in  tht?  worht,  is  lUted 
Imp  with  a  temporary  floorj  and  oousecratp 


ed  to  masking  from  midnight  until  morn- 
ing. The  gatleries  are  crowded  with 
spectators;  two  orchestras,  containing 
each  ft  hundred  performers,  are  placed  at 
either  extremity  of  the  immense  saloon  ; 
and  as  gay  %  gallop  goes  over  these  hoards 
a^s  can  be  seen  any  where  in  Christendom. 

The  price  of  admission  having  formerly 
been  higherjit  was  then  attended  only  by  the 
more  fashiotiable  clftsses  of  society!  Now 
all  the  Baji^looBs©  world  is  there,  both 
high  and  low*  The  pleasure  is  partici- 
pated in  b J  a  greater  number;  but* tho 
fun,  if  more  vulgar^  is  none  the  less  hearty. 
What  the  dresses  may  have  lost  in  olc- 
gance  they  have  gained  in  variety.  The 
fashionable  ladies,  who  now  attend  ais 
Bpectators  chiefly,  do  not  mind  tf  their 
Silks  be  a  little  dingy  j  and  the  ragazza 
is  only  too  happy  to  dance  in  cambric  or 
calico.  In  one  or  the  other  she  will  ho 
sure  to  b<s  there ;  for  she  would  go  thread- 
bare during  half  the  year  rather  than  no« 
have  a  neat  new  dress  for  the  camivaU 
She  will  be  there^  and  polking  it  with  an 
akmndfm^  the  very  grace  of  ecstasy* 
Though  her  skirts  will  Bot  be  of 
gauacj  nor  wroujrht  with  silver  or  with 
gold,  still  none  tvill  wave  more  briskly ; 
none  will  be  thrown  to  a  better  elevation. 
She  will  not  be  clasjied  by  a  zone  of  gems, 
nor  wear  jewels  in  her  hair  ;  but  her  curls 
will  tje  fastened  by  the  Catalonian  bodkin ; 
her  ears  will  be  hung  with  Moorish  rings ; 
and  her  lover— for  of  course  she  is  blessefl 
with  one — will  have  planted  a  nosegay  in 
her  well-rounded  bosom* 

But  our  ragazza  has  already  flown  hy 
in  the  waltz — and  lo  !  here  oi.>mes  a  throng 
of  dancers  gayer  than  the  rest  The 
ladies  in  it  wear  no  disguise  excepting  tlic 
domino  noir.  But  the  gentlemen  are  in 
costumes  the  most  bizarre^  They  are 
all  nose,  or  all  moustache.  You  see  beards 
which  are  longer  than  those  of  hermits ; 
shirt  collars  whi>h  overt^jp  the  ears;  coat* 
tails  which  reach  to  the  ankles  \  conical 
caps  a  yard  high  ;  harlequin's  bells,  devil's 
tails,  satyr's  boofa,  ox- horns*  By  two  or 
three  hours  past  midnight,  the  mirth  grows 
a  little  boisterous.  The  laugh  gets  to  be 
as  loud  as  the  music  ;  and  for  the  rest  of 
the  night,  the  dance  goes  faster  and  faster 
round  till  morning. 

Let  US  escape  to  a  box*  There  you  can 
fiit  masked  or  unmasked — in  burlesque  or 
in  biack— and  look  down  upon  ih^jnti^rc 
of  the  g&ttoping.  You  will  not  sft  long 
before  tnose  two  ladies  in  black  silk  mask^ 
and  loose  silk  robes  of  the  same  maierialj 
will  honor  you  with  their  Kalutalions, 
You  know  by  their  drcfw  thut  ihry  aro 
aotherobodAnce,  but  simply  to  gri;-et*lhcir 


CmoM  dt  EifpaM, 


19 


MUtmlaiiorA.  sod  lo  tell  unfJet  covor  of 
1  diMiiiU}  softie  truths  which  ih&y  msj^ht 
Ikloirfi  Ui  conftfND4  wil.1»niit  one.  They  will 
ittli^vDr  to  diAjsjuj.^  their  roices  as  wo  11 
fc-  ;'  But  yoti  will  rt"<?f>SJ*iK<^ 

t-*  iTi  aor^'Tit  of  one  of  them, 

Tbov  ['pi  iHvrr'lHi  lictrny^  ftnd  canttot 
w»m  d«cw<iTt7  vau.  Yon  siUsjil  her  fUH^rt^t 
imt  erf  fiiT  hcirt  the  mam  en  t  she  hepnn 
lo  mftk.  Btit  Jti  return  r*>n  fH>ur  fiji-lh  a 
iMMon^  UjTTcui  of  Csu^titmn  vows  a^nd 
€on|>tinieiitiL  You  kijss  her  h&nd^-»t 
Utm  1  ou  mftT  my  so  in  Spani.sh ;  hwi 
mheti  ■  -r  kATi%  nor  actuftlly  Ui 

Ikrenr  -r   hfr  ffct,  yun  will  ad* 

AlT««  Itj  her  iht^  I  1  of  j1  t(tS  pifM 

d*  IT,  Sfnoffi.  ne.     But  the 

wvpof  violt-tH   -;  J  m   )^our  hand 

lioop  Hw  111.  ,.,rr  -  Ml'  ii:.-  right  to  their 
diVMJl}  ft&a  with  nc 'thing  tiirther  to  wisli 
or  hofo  for,  you  straightway  r<stif& 


A    UOCK    Bni.L-F1C3HT. 

^MB  tr  ^^'AtnloiiiA  han;:i;  upon  tho 

4yial^«  :>  by  the  eyelids,  threat- 

cafQg  tijiwii  ti*e  nsctirrvnoi?  of  4^ti>rj  rero- 
imkourr  ii^tallon  i(>  Hill  off  nlto^ther* 
I^eeJtUjf  th«  lower  ck^^v^  of  th«  capilnl 
m  toHiaUnt^  disloyal,  aiid  democratic 
Tbax  ft"  '  "d  with  thinr  toes  well 

•f«T  ll  5    revolt;  and  their  jma** 

dam*  '' aelion,  they  would 

HOC  At  :  to  rt'dderjiiif^  their 

Idttftt*  ^   -■  ttie  ariMiat  who  rule 

0fir  t'  ntj    Birrulona  has  been 

OfwW  r-T  th**  IhhI  quarter  of 

a  .f.-f,(-  ^i^Q  1^51^  n**iid- 

«•.  in  the  city,  is  i4orao 

<i  ie.-irii  the  fact  that  tha 

*  '(  the  proline©  ha;?,  the 

:  s?»  trying  and  shootiopf. 
3«o:tjsed    of    conspiring 
t  jH  ti-M  and  the  iforern- 

r  ii'vlla.     Kilt  N>  it  is; 

MXifi  --«   '  .  i  ,•         '-r  ujM.itji^r  f^uarlcr  of  a 

fWltiitt  >         L .  i  I     nil    J '  r    ;  -  r ).  y  hoTC  f  oqni  r© 

tbfl  ei  ^'ii'Mi   li  front  ton  to 

tvtnt}  ''\v'>net^}  ancl  tbo  loj* 

•Hjrtj^  -rred  by  e«wi<»n- 

tf:itt»r  for  Ibe  whole 

ttillta.'..  iv, 

TTi«  winter  1  wftfi  in  kart^lona,  the 
town  rffv  nrifmwlv  i-v-ijM!d  a  cahhiHfe 
fiWIi  rit  ftt  Madrid 

ha^  Ftt  I  lies  on  n>get^ 

blai  >(  i  ihe  gnsai  townci 

Hut  »-*  ■**  *«a<  no  meatN,  tb» 

moi^urt   rytAiyu-i^^  .  J  tat  oa 

llv  food  ol  th«  ic«r,  clfect  of 

tkm  wjr  Iboliali  aa  w«^u  nr^  ^t-ry  wrongful 


fifJiet  wnfi,  tbftt  not  a  raKh«ife  or  a  potato 
WflK  hrottirht  to  the  uatea  of  a  single  Spai*- 
i^h  city.  The  mlzvm  hud  to  go  to  tho 
csittinrry  to  buy  their  vegetables  a»  best 
they  <x>uld  of  the  peasantryj  who,  with 
i:^'at  nnAnitnitj,  re(\isod  to  pay  the  ad- 
ditional tax  for  the  privilege  of  «?lling 
them  in  town*  The  t^^^sants  held  ont 
nntil  the  populace  were  r^luced  to  thej 
borders  of  dtvsperation*  The  lower  Bar- 
celonese,  Uking  the  lead,  were  id  commo- 
tion. They  are  always  bloodthirsty;  and 
now  they  Vere  jjettin^  hungnr  besides. 
They  were  out  of  g:arlio.  And  had  the 
news  of  the  revocation  of  the  obnosions 
decrees  not  oome  in  as  it  did  to  allay  the 
popular  ferment^  the  lower  classea  would 
have  risen  npon  the  higher  with  the  s^inia 
knives  with  which  they  had  peeled  theif 
last  onions* 

So  afjTiid  are  the  Barcelones©  author- 
ities of  this  tendency  to  reWlhon  in  tho 
populace,  that  they  no  lonj^er  dnw  to 
grant  them  the  entertainment  of  thdr  fa- 
vorite l^c^titM  dt  Toroa,  or  featiTak 
of  bulls.  They  remember  that  %  few 
years  ago,  the  popular  fury*  troiifl«d  by 
the  sight  of  the  blood  of  beiwta,  could 
with  difficnlty  be  restrained  from  seeking 
to  slake  ila^  thirst  in  that  of  men.  Sinc^ 
that  time  there  have  btjcn  no  bull-ft|;hi9 
in  Biireelonj*.  e.%cept  ^ham  onc#*  Thewe^ 
as  nolxHiy  is  expected  to  be  killed  in 
ttw^m,  neither  bulls,  horiea,  nor  men,  are 
not  considered  dan^rouB  to  tlio  public 
pcac*.  They  do  not  rouse  the  blood  of 
tlie  spectators  to  the  boilinz  poinL,  as  do 
the  peal  bull- feasts.  And  tne  more  m.  ss 
they  are  not^  like  the  Intter  fHitertain- 
ments  held  in  summer,  when  lh«f  blood 
of  Ijoth  men  and  brutes  i*  rarely  much 
below  fever  heat,  but  In  the  oold-bkH»de4 
tiea^n  of  win  ten 

AcconliuglVj  the  traveller  can  have  a 
chance  of  stximg  the  mock  JieMfa  at  Bar- 
celona, if  he  likes ;  though  compared  with 
the  i^reat  national  nolomnity  as  porformed 
at  Ihfadrid  or  Seville^  I  fancy  it  must  bo 
fx>me thing  Hkis  a  hanpng  at  which  tha 
culprit  h  reprieved,  llowewr.  1  for  on^ 
went  to  the  sham  fight  And  all  tbs 
world  of  Boreelona  went  with  tne.  For 
hxmn  before  the  cotnmeneenatint  of  tho 
sp»cttde,  the  prineipd  fitrveta  leading  to 
tlie  scene  of  ooinbat  weti;  filled  with  a  gay 
throng  of  all  elaasca  and  agvs,  thetr  #^ic*pa 
quick ene<d  ami  their  faoeti  lighkHJ  im  with 
anticifiatt^  pleasure*  A  4  it  was  a  Sunday 
afternoon,  all  the  rout  was  in  holy  day  at- 
tife:,  nmking^  the  march  as  gay  as  i  trt- 
umpti.     The*  ivr^nj  Imrdly  Wido 

enough  to  let  '  The  IhitratU 

Torot,  whitber  uw  Ltniiiantly  cladooluiun 


Cosas  de  Eitpdfta^ 


[Mj 


I 


I 


was  tending,  is  ild  ntnphilhefttine  «ltu&tcK) 
just  vdlhottt  one  of  the  city  g^tcsj  arjfl 
near  the  stution  hotise  of  the  first  railway 
coDstructed  in  Spain.  Stranj^o  that  tho 
barbaric  sliow;?  of  tiiiips  gone  by  can  still 
be  set  up  within  sound  of  the  whistle  of 
modem  civilirjitTOTi  1  But  here  is  the  the* 
mtre  of  the  bQll-tight  vriihin  %  stone^e 
throw  of  the  railwaj.  the  pis  works^ 
and  the  j^nd  quay  of  the  port.  So  te- 
nacious is  the  i>paniard  of  old  cuitom.^ 
and  tho  game  of  bloo<i !  The  edifloe  ii 
built  on  the  model  of  the  Roman  amphi- 
theatre, and  is  capable  of  containing  sev- 
eral Ibotis^ind  spec tt tors.  Yet  it  is  a 
woodim  Coliseum,  with  no  preteiisiona  to 
any  b^uty  of  architect  am!  details.  Its 
only  ornament  is  the  gayly  dressed  crowd 
— the  red  cajx  cloak  and  mocado  of  the 
lower  classes  j  the  silks,  velvets  and  !acc« 
of  the  higher ;  the  uniform  and  bayonets 
of  the  guardsmen ;  the  tnpfslry  and 
gilded  slate  of  the  logc  gnberiiatoriaU 
The  prices  are  arrang:ed  to  suit  all  pnrs^ 
ei,  fitttn  the  caballero's  to  the  beggar 'it. 
The  one  sits  in  the  shade  at  many  more 
times  the  e:sp«nse  of  the  other  in  the  sun. 
The  aun,  in  fact,  \a  always  on  the  aide  of 
the  bt?i5gftr  in  Spain^-its  li^ht  beiiif;  so 
common  that  it  i§  constdcml  a  mark  of 
pentdity  to  keep  out  of  \L  In  summer  tho 
hidalgo  may  be  on  the  right  side  of  the 
question ;  but.  by  the  well  adjusted  lawa 
of  compen^^atTon^  the  pobra  who  goes  to 
the  fea^t  of  bidls  in  wmterj  has  decidedly 
the  be.st  of  the  barj^in- 

At  any  rate,  there  they  3?it :  the  poor 
fellow  in  light,  and  the  rich  one  in  shade, 
impatient  both  for  the  beginning  of  the 
entertainment.  At  length,  the  bugl^ 
sound.  The  chitioSy  in  fantastic  dress, 
and  bearing  banners,  enter  by  a  side 
door,  and  march  up  to  the  cDrregidor^s 
seat  to  make  their  obei^^ance.  These 
having  after wardn  taken  their  places  m 
the  arena,  another  flourish  of  trumpets 
announces  tho  eutmnce  of  the  picador 
im  a  gayly  caparisoned  steed.  With 
plumed  hat  in  hand,  he  rifles  up  to  the 
gubernatorial  Beat,  where  he  presents  his 
knightly  horna^^e ;  and  then  galluping 
around  the  circuit  of  the  ring,  he  re* 
cdvDS,  in  return,  tlie  applau«ie  of  the  popn- 
lace.  Again  the  trumpets  bray  <mt--the 
folding  ^ate^  are  opetioa— anil  in  bounds 
the  bulL  lie  li  a  fmmlh.  and  \%fi&  \m 
horns  tipt  with  balls*  Therefiire,  k't  no 
gentle  reader  faint  There  may  be  so  mo 
little  fsbow  of  blood,  and  some  iigly  sen- 
satiotts  felt  about  the  ribs  of  a  chido  or 
two.  But  no  lives  will  bt^  taken  ;  hr  the 
buttoned  horns  caimot  gore  the  chaiTgcr's 
fianka  i  and  the  two  or  thivo  jeu^  old 


hoofs  have  not  th<?  heavy  tread  of  those  of 
a  leader  of  the  herd*  Si\  courage*— and 
let  us  see  the  fight. 

The  furious  animal  ruehes  through  the 
gates,  head  down  and  tail  in  tho  air.  But 
at  either  *?ide  of  the  entrance,  hia  torw 
mentitra  lie  in  wait  for  him.  They  have 
their  hands  full  of  ^mall  barbed*  dart^, 
with  short  handles,  decked  with  ril>bon:^. 
These  are  to  be  hurled  info  the  sides  of 
the  bull's  neck,  to  worry  him.  At  his 
Tcry  first  bound  into  the  arena,  he  recf  ites 
one  of  these  missiles  on  either  side.  MmcI- 
dened  by  the  sting,  ho  turns  upon  his 
persecutors.  They  fly— they  dodge  bis 
thrusts — they  leap  over  the  bafrierB.  A 
ck  uio^  in  harlequin *s  dress  aad  bells, wavea 
bis  red  banner  to  attract  tbe  enmged 
animal  away  from  the  fijgitivea.  Another 
shakes  his  scarf  at  him,  juit  as  he  is 
making  a  aalJy  against  the  banner,  A 
cloak  is  thrown  in  to  save  the  scarf. 
Meanwhile,  the  barbed  shafts  are  flying 
thick  and  fstst  into  the  poor  brute^s  nect 
He  roans  with  rage  and  agony.  lie  iscat- 
ters  his  foes  in  all  directions.  He  drives 
them  out  of  the  ring. 

Then  come;*  to  the  chai^ge  tbe  moiinted 
pkaflor.  He,  too,  is  anned  with  jave- 
lins ;  and  riding  boldly  by  the  side  of 
the  cantering  beastj  with  well-diaxned 
aim,  he  drives  them  homo,  until  the  bleed* 
in^  neck  is  hung  with  arrows  a^  with  a 
double  mane*  At  intervals,  the  bull, 
fearless  of  the  threatening  spear,  makes 
an  onset)  with  all  his  l*>rces*  But  for  the 
preventing  balls,  his  honis  would  gore 
and  rip  up  tho  unprotected  flajiks  of  hia 
enemy ^  letting  out  his  entrails  to  drag 
upon  the  ground,  and  be  torn  by  the  no- 
ble steed's  own  hoo^*  As  it  ifs,  the  blood 
which  stains  the  charger's  sides  cornea 
from  the  bull's  neck,  and  not  out  of  his 
own  belly.  Horse  and  rider  easily  es- 
cape unharmed  from  the  well- balled 
horns.  Only  the  too  Tenturesome  chulif^ 
who  seizes  the  n&mlh  bj^the  bomSj  may 
be  thrown  down,  and  even  trodden  under 
footj  if  he  be  overmastered.  In  that  CAse^ 
he  hs  withdrawn  from  his  perilous  sitim- 
tioHj  as  st)on  as  rnJiy  be,  by  his  cunjpa- 
niouSr  and  carried  oW  to  the  nx>m  of  the 
attending  surgeon,  who,  armed,  as  in  the 
days  of  Dr.  Sangradoj  with  kitcet  and 
hot  water,  stands  ready  to  finish  the  task 
comroenced  In  the  an^na* 

When  the  poor  bull  baa  been  bullied 
to  all  hearts'  oontenti  he  is  given  over  to 
the  MQiadores.  and  their  assistaiHs. 
These  rush  in  iipon  him  i  and  selling 
biin,  one*  by  tho  horn^,  artoihcr  by  the 
tail,  and  the  rest  as  bc^l  thty  can,  they 
hold  bim  fast      Thio  airow^  are  thcu 


lui,} 


CoiOM  de  Eipana, 


21 


drftwn  out  of  his  bleeding  nwifc ;  Bn-I  re- 
lirrpd  of  thc?te  tJiiet>tnl'orUhl0  omaTiumts, 
b»  tsilrugi^l  fir  f!rJrcn  off  Iho  scene  of 
aetei.  Tlie  hurrahs  ^r  the  hoots  of  the 
MfMilafiO  ibilow  htm  to  the  —  ^'-  -  -  tr^i* 
{«g  M  h«  fii^  tihiiwti  the  I  I   or 

||i0  frh^'"  ""'^  For  only  -.  .  Lijriie 
INkI  «r  I  wsn  tyro^^  whieh  ivrtj  ox- 

llibaltt'l  !iL<niw.'<lfVA  to  bo  Froni  the 

puttuf  1  Liiiirifi*    The  rt^it evil icoti 

a  mttrki  of  the  imrt  they  were 

mrttMi  to  |*1*>  ifi.  One,  the  vury  niotticDt 
of  oitentig  the  anuria,  kKikixl  amund  ypoii 
tk0  htwoog  aurd  h'>>ting  crovrd,  as  if 
amatd  ^Dd  eonrouTidcMJ  by  the  uniiKal 
«|NCtjide^  or  by  the  uufaToriihlo  rwi'ption, 
AnoUuET,  afWr  retvivinf  » javelin  or  two, 
tiarssd  out  to  be  an  Arrant  covrard,  and 
«0ttl4  not  %ht  on  ony  terms  whatever, 
A  tMsrd  r*n  roaritt^  nway  from  hm  pur- 
wma%  wnkmg  m  rain  At  every  pkte  to  get 
•ol  oC«  >or«|M  he  b«<]  no  fancy  for,  and 
oiiljr  tamtni;  from  Fheer  dij<^gi]fit  to  muke 
aA  oectfticfiml  onsr^  on  tbeiiarlequkig  who 
looic  mkemi  VMihsi  vrith  the  tad  of  his 

Oil  the  whok,  the  play  went  ofT  to  tho 
gaiifil  aatisfiictiof],  A  bitiahon  of  ^>1- 
4mm  kept  the  n^^l-cafifi  from  ctrsmtjt^ 
](3if«eif  atid  ftiKclt^  tlicm  rc'it  ron tented 
villi  i^t  '  '  ^'lood  mndinvn  tht-Miecks 
^tkn  '  They  h&rl  hcsiclos  the 

p^mtBtJ  fMKjr  fdkiw'K  ribs 

nm^! .  ^il'H  cAp  iciKKiH^I  into 

dte  tb  I  n  '^  ^>i  ^'t  Lv^o  liadly  npfted  up  ; 
nod  tli0  ckMik  of  a  tt'rrified  chuto  pmnod 
to  tJht  wall  Kv  {Ya'  i,ii][\  KrkMiv  ,,^  the 
lbgittf«wa^  ihe 

bttrrkr.  Fv.  :,.:,w- 

MfE«d  V  tL'iit  ol  dc*x- 

larfty  '  h' tiier  on  the 

|»rt  cf  !  isniniNlSf 

drew  \"  hracisi- 

As  nobody  wai  kilM  or  run  through, 
DO  lady  hwl  a  pret^jit  for  faintini^.  Not 
»  Mtmtu  H'am  besrd.  Not  a  fan  wm 
riMl  bdWro  the  i^y^4.  Even  tht^  t^ni^lkh 
laifte»  ]ire«cnt  did  nut  ^y  into  lirsk^Heg, 
iMtt  looked  on  fv  tili  ttie  mny^  /mitt  for 
nydi  lh«j  %re  90  c«lehrat4-d  cm  the  ei>n- 
ttmt  Ktillt  imlcsa*  I  ftm  j^atly  tni^ 
taJtca,  ih«r«  waa  iome  killing  done  in  tbe 


boxes.  There  were  nobler  Heirta  Rtrnck 
there  than  any  whieh  were  CKposcd  in 
the  Hop.  For  the  hull-flj.-^ht,  be  it  mock 
or  serious,  m  not  an  occji^ian  to  be  let 
slip  by  the  fair  one,  who  ^x-s  to  it  armed 
with  daggers  both  in  h**T  eyes  and  gar^ 
ters.  I  met  there  also  bt^Oes  from  other 
cbraes^  the  fairest  blondes  of  the  northern 
w^inter^  who^  ndntrlin;;  with  I  he  brunettes 
of  the  tejTa  ctdient€t  had  learned  their 
arts,  and  went  likewise  armed  to  the 
knt^ii  The.se.  too,  lire  dnn^erous  to  be 
met  with  sit  bu I  Mights.  In  fiM:t,  an  addi- 
tion of  n  few  heads  of  an  bum,  and  eyet  of 
blue  to  the  dark  beauty  of  a  gallery  of 
8|.iAnTsh  Se floras  and  Sefioritaii,  makes  m 
battery  of  charraa  the  most  formidable 
that  can  be  imagined.  The  prmeipal  in- 
fitrument,  however,  of  Spanish  <x>qnetry| 
whether  at  the  feast  of  hulli^,  or  any  other 
sort  of  feajiu,  b  the  fan.  In  the  httle 
hand  of  a  Seilora  of  the  South,  the  abtmtco 
m  as  wonder-working  an  instrument  as  % 
rod  in  the  gniHp  of  a  tviisArtlj  or  a  sceptno 
in  that  of  a  king*  It  signifies  every  thing 
— it  dgnihei^  nothing.  All  depends  on 
the  wmy  in  which  it  is  flirted.  And  there 
are  a  thousand  ways.  Yet  not  one  of 
I  hem  can  lie  described  in  words.  Utterly 
itn possible !  But  when  you  see  a  fan 
'  beckoning  to  you^  you  know  at  oiit?e  what 
it  means.  Only  a  liimplelon  wotild  fall 
of  nnderfitanding  thia  language  of  na- 
tural signs  the  y^^tj  ttrst  lesson  that  waa  ^ 
given  him  in  it^  Yon  must  be  a  perfwjt 
blockhead  to  force  a  lady  to  dro|>  her  fan, 
in  order  to  intimate  to  you  that  she  takea 
a  lively  interest  in  your  welfare.  That  is 
the  I&st  motion  she  ever  gives  it.  It  is  tlsd 
greatest  man^jeuvre  capable  of  lieing  exe- 
cnted  with  a  fan — to  drop  it.  If  it  is  in  a 
war  of  self-defence  that  &tm  resorts  to  this 
use  of  the  weapon^  you  onght  to  knovr 
that  she  has  come  to  the  final  struggle. 
In  fact,  it  is  no  more  nor  less  than  a  pro- 
position to  f^nrrender.  It  is  the  hsyling 
down  of  the  tlag  of  the  fortress*  Then  is 
your  time !  Seise  it  like  a  man^-fbr  in  s 
another  moment  you  may  be  for  ever  too 
]%U\  Rush  in  at  the  open  gates  of  the 
citadel  of  tlie  heart :  and  hold  it  against 
all  comer*— us  long  as  yon  can- 


I 


I 


I 


\i 


poly. 


THE    VIOLET. 

LILIES  and  roses  of  the  earth, 
That  are  uplifted  gracefully 
Rdoice  in  your  luxurious  worth, 

But  you  are  nothing  now  to  me ; 
For  in  my  bosom  I  have  set 
Only  a  little  violet 

Love,  from  the  regions  of  the  air, 
Searching  an  object  for  its  aim, 

Discovered  me  reclining  fair. 
And  through  the  skies  an  arrow  came : 

Through  the  fair  violet  and  me 

Came  the  swift  arrow  suddenly. 

I  felt  ray  spirits  faint  and  fail, 

I  felt  the  wound  that  checks  the  breath, 
My  features  virore  the  red  and  pale, 

But  not  the  livery  of  death ; 
My  troubled  eyes  a  vision  met 
Lovelier  than  any  violet 

0  flower,  in  whom  I  see  alone 
The  bloom  of  each  expressive  grace^ 

The  beauty  of  an  airy  zone, 
And  glory  of  a  matchless  face ; — 

0  maiden,  like  a  morn  of  May, 

You  wooed  and  won  my  heart  away  1 

Your  soul  is  as  a  tender  vine 

That  hangs  its  clusters  on  the  bought ; 
You  lead  unto  a  royal  shrine 

The  homage  of  a  thousand  vows ; 
Love,  in  a  raiment  shining  new, 
Steps  from  a  throne  to  flatter  you. 

Your  voice  is  music  heard  afar. 

When  all  the  night  the  moon  enshrouds } 
Your  eyes  are  like  the  morning  star 

Beneath  the  arches  of  the  clouds ; 
Your  stature  and  your  graceful  guise 
Are  as  a  palm  of  Paradise. 

Dear  is  the  fond  confiding  air 

With  which  you  tell  your  heart  to  me^ 
And  you  are  blithe  as  you  are  fair. 

Blithe  as  the  summer  to  the  tree. 
In  you  is  mirrored  and  defined 
The  nature  of  my  perfect  mind. 

Unto  the  eyelids  of  my  youth 
You  hold  a  deep  enchanted  glass, 

Wherein  the  forma  of  Loye  and  Truth 
Do  most  majestically  pass ; 

Their  hands,  from  urns  of  nlyer  brig^t^ 

DkpeDse  the  floiren  of  my  del^t 


1834] 


23 


MEEH    REGENBOGEK*B   COHCEET, 


HOW  ?i^t  «tt(l  tnrlctia&ble  ftr«  our 
hnimttOtli  *^''  '"M^.  !      W©  do  not 
ipMk  M  nitfv  j!  pliriisos,  con- 

ilrveleil  fcr  inUui    by  drums,  or 

trjr  tht  vibfrnluip  iitei?*  ot  tWqucnlers  of 
&hii»(itr>  oinei*rts.  Such  riiiisic,  whoso 
jji|^  m  iu  milr  cbnrm.  thu  Tnetiiory 
BUMri  hke  nurM^ry  rhyitit:^,  ^iid  fuiJowB 
b  nmniiiirk'^  Ju>ct*  witbinjt  tltbrt  Iti- 
disdf  tlic  vlfurt  is  odmer  n^qim^cd  to  he 
fill  of  the  burden*  We  am  M  captive  by 
ibr  ft^f^lK^n.  iii  Ibouj^li  tlit'rtt  wi^e  ft 
luuwiHkrfiiii  wiUiin  ur  wbw?b  ff<?«/4  per- 
ml  m  pnindin^,  out  the  siimo  cudlijsfi  tnel* 
oilX,irrt-  *  '1  ■  -  *  ^■:'  ■ .  !ik«  the  Wed- 
dttifC  i»  ^4'  the  Ancitanl 

Hftfint :      :: .,  ..,  «  i...^^.-  vl  r«\erjr|  s»yi 


Tka  |ilMUlk>li9  111  1  *l3riil  *uii§ 

Tini  Mm*  ttil  trttit  •  IbfjuMud  tlmoi.** 

Slicli  WM  rendered  uttractfTo 

liy   foHi^i  (lotion.    U'tiime   ft« 

OOifcrKt':  T  [1,.  ;iij  iji  our  dty*,  Iu  «?crj 
4|q|||  D'  .s  xLcretho  sounda  of  trtlDc 
wvtv  hoiJjvd  by  dt^^taucv,  the  muic  uiagi- 
cai  tocicft  ^cmImL  Tbinirti?,  of  Ihemselvt^a 
«oauMHi|*t^*«,  by  ^  ^reatiTieiit  IjimI 

IwcOBli    aliiioftt  — -if,     iiidec<]r 

p«Oi.  pfttbon  or  i-iJMiiMiiL^iu  m  executioQ 
pmid  imiae  nitiTniMX'iicvii  or  p^alitude^ 
lulp  jt,r»-.^  -J  '.!,.  iio  what  ^ve  w*>uld^ 
the  tD«  *  d  e vcr>'  foouieji,  b aun I* 

•4  «»*f  \Vt»   could   tiOt   ^i^CRpQ 

iL    Or  uioiif  the  street^  in  par^ 

\q€   ftji'i  ,   tbQ    same  Benttmental 


mm^ 


^^^ 


=?*3 


floiteid  alioixl  us  ttko  an  ofHeioii!)  jtfirite, 
■wi  4r«f«  tway  froin  tfH*ir  moonn^s 
Iwiyw  en  ivliich  we  w^ri?  uniit  to  lloat 
ani  aiftTfi  tbf'  faro,  rkf  rot'Gfy,  leaving  ua 
t^i  -<  owii  rrfrain, 

•  liar  ittay  k^am  to 
jif^rat*  ab  ut^h««UaJ  th^nv«  frofii  \\%  at- 
indnl  liarmf>Ttrrfi,  ni^  follow  the  idea 
«r  l^  c»m\^  <  akcn  up  by  i««cliati 

4Aff  Mcliofi  :  fannon^.    The  tra* 

ffloai  ailniiiu3iU  tiim  mwiq  to  bi  piiii 


of  fin  ajnny  wbo^  movemt'nt»,  though  dU 
Tt»r«e,  are  yet  in  olHNliencc*  to  <>n';  t:K>njpre^ 
hensivf  miwi  that  surveys  the  whole 
firld,  and  vfill  brinj?  oi^dvr  and  unity  out 
af  eonjUcxity  uml  iteming  tfinfu.siwi.  But 
even  t«  tbo!if?  ivbt>  ijrwKp  the  fttnij^mM'r'il 
thoiijfhl  and  appryeinte  the  fnll  bcantjr 
that  Jieelhavwj  iir  M**7?u't  have  t*r€?ated, 
whtjt  nhadowy,  im palatable  fonnn  arise  at 
the  surntnon^  of  their  wondrfius  strains  1 
Can  tXva  ainati^ur  describe  hi»  emotbiii 
wlien  the  \ttsl  tojrcs  of  tbt*  tnasti?r-p}c*oe 
of  hjs  fnvoHie  comjwser  are  bfnkm^  into 
bjh  bifart,  while  his  eye  brim  a  \ritfi  ten- 
derueas  orexuiUtion  ?  Can  he  .<i*y  what 
subtle  links  coiificct  music  with  I  be  world 
about  n.%  *o  that  as  the  at  ream  of  nn'lody 
flow^  on,  green  meadows  seem  to  nlojjo  to 
its  banks,  inajestjc  trees  wave  oTi*r  it, 
uiountwn®  with  lu»pin^  ca-scados  at  and  on 
either  hand,  and  the  inmunsity  of  o<3*satt 
heaves  on  thi?  hne  of  the  btin^on  t 

But  tliero  are  many  strains  whkh 
charm  the  untutored  multitude  as  well  as 
the  acoom pitched  few,  und  yet  are  ntt«r* 
ly  intan^blr.  We  fwl  their  mflucncc  as 
of  the  wind  m  p^nih  dailmnce  or  iit  ro- 
fti£^tie^  tern f jest  j  and,  tbou;;h  moved  like 
the  tree-topa,  wc  cannot  deUun  or  analy£4 
the  viewless  for*.^  ihat  swlk'pm  over  u». 
Such  sprntiiul  mu^sie  i^  in^tinet  with  lifo, 
'*  vital  in  every  pJirt;"  but  yuu  cannot 
tell  where  the  subtle  t's.MjjK*e  forks*  Yotl 
cannot  anatomii&o  the  Hirueturv  (we  ap- 
p«-'al  with  Uiore  conlidencc  to  non-profes- 
eioiifll  ricadeiN).  and  Msiy,  here  r«?si*Jcs  thii 
anmLating  aoul  whieh  |;tvt£M  charaeler  and 
ea,  f  I  re  khioq  to  I  ht;  w  ho  3  e*  1 1  la  a  ti  j^tire  in 
the  kalejtltJinit}|>o,  wliich*  at  every  turfij 
i!hang^v4  mto  a  (tnnbmation  of  grace  be- 
fore unthoiight  of.  It  is  an  anntral  dis^ 
play,  where  the  rrimson  Hush  of  the  hky 
ta  a  canv^a  on  which  e%er-»hiftin^  formi 
of  tKSBUty,  goMiin^  steebgray.  fepBrry* 
white,  emerald  and  p*irple, — 

blend  rn  ceasele<«s  envbrace,  only  to  re^af^ 
|«^ar  more  ^luriansly, 

L>nca  muHtr;  then  convey  ideas  and  ex- 
cite emotion**  al*ove  and  liey<Jnd  the  power 
of  apeoch  7  U  m,  may  it  ni4  aptly  sym- 
bof^see  those  impretKitins  which  the  spirit 
peoeiTcs,  witbont  knowing  buw^  in  tliia 
life,  and  which  may  Im>  Htitii><iHi[l  lo  b-ar 
an  intimate  relation  to  1^  r  tum- 

mnna^nion  ici  anotb<  r  s\*\,  t*,»mx*  I 

Often  tjio  tnu«ing  m!  t  ^  i -^  Ibrina  of 
more  than  mortal  bN..i.jL\  i^iverttii;  over 
bit  iitad,  j«t  raiiiiduxig  at  a  brvaiU,  Ma 


Etrr  MegmhogmCi  Cfencirf, 


fairies  before  an  intnif^ing  footstep.  He 
would  cntch  and  embody  the  virion,  but 
it  fiLtlcs  itito  tii^bulous  infisstmctnes-i.  und 
odIj  the  meniorj  is  left  him.  Will  ha 
not  isorne  lirighter  das'-  ri? produce  it  ?  So^ 
ttKj,  the  piict  feels  his  bniin  throbbitij^ 
with  wciirhtier  thoughts  than  he  c;in  rjI 
to  the  tniiMic  of  his  vurse.  Ikatity  fill  a 
his  soul  a^  with  a  visible  presenne ;  but 
dull  characters  could  never  cx|>reiiK  all 
that  his  iTtiaptmiion  has  conceivtd.  \V^dl 
b«  not  find  uitonwjce  hen^aftcr  7 

Perhaps  the /orwwf  into  which  thotj^ht 
is  crystalli?.cd — Hf^ external  irtist  of  vvorda 
•^will  perish  with  the  orf^^nns  that  pro- 
duce them  ;  but  the  interior  Nfc  will  sur^ 
Tive,  and  its  character  may  be  appre- 
ciatct!  by  the  finer  ^lOwcrs  of  the  spirit, 
without  the  aid  of  its  original  medium. 
It  l>ocomefi.  then,  pleasant  to  anticipate, 
that  niusic^  one  of  the  unircrsal  media  of 
thou(jht  and  feelin^c*  ^'^^1'  ^ti  some  form, 
accompany  us  ihrs^ujrh  our  im mortality* 
And  a^  tlie  man  Jindw  beauty  and  sublim* 
ity  in  ihe  verst^s  which  he  read  listlessly 
while  ft  schoolboy,  so  with  our  enlarged 
and  unclopj^ed  faculties  we  may  perceiva 
a  meanrnir  and  force  m  music  far  beyond 
our  present  apprehensions.  Thcretbro  it 
ia,  wbcnercr  music  trans^'euds  our  expe- 
rience as  an  interpreter  of  our  ideas  or 
emotions,  or  Bupge.sts  iinapcs  other  than 
of  the  actual  world,  thai  our  spirits  pro* 
phetically  lean  forward,  and  we  fancy*^  at 
least,  that  we  catch  sounds  from  th<s 
celestial  sphere-  Who  could  hear  the 
EubUme  andanit  moyement  from  Beetho- 
ven'a  ninth  symphony  without  fet^lin^  hi.^ 
soul  wafled  on  the  serene  airs  and  fed 
with  the  beauty  aiid  rragrance  of  the  bet- 
ter land  7 

Such  are  porac  of  the  speculations  with 
which  I  was  occupied  wlitle  quietly  wait^ 
in^  for  the  comtuenceineut  of  Ukrr  Re- 
gknpoghn's  i-ojici^rt,  <Jf  course  all  the 
world  has  heard  of  Htiiu  KKfiRNUoaiitN, 
The  journal  is  ts»  who  certainly  ou^ht  to 
know  tell  us  that  he  h  profouniily  skilled 
IP  uiitsic,  lioth  as  a  stiifuce  and  a^  an  art. 
"VVnh  a  liberal  eclfcticisra  he  aunbines  in 
hta  prop^amnies  the  most  dlebrateil  ct)m- 
positioiis  of  all  the  existing  scliools,  No*^ 
thing  is  too  minute  for  his  uoticc" ;  nothing 
too  profoinid  for  t^ie  ^asp  of  his  gtnius. 
The  plaintive  mtltHhes  of  the  Celts,  the 
brilliaut,  graceful,  imjxissioned  music  of 
Italy,  and  the  ip'atid.  iutolkctual,  yt-'t  soul- 
full  creations  of  <Jerraiiny,  that  yweep 
over  every  chord  wherewith  we  are 
Btrung.  all  find  in  him  thi^ir  comu:)t>n  and 
fitting  ini<?rprt'tcri  And  wliclber  one 
wouUI  Ije  swnycd  by  ihe  \\t\m\  movement 
of  thti  waltz,  or  would  bc^ar  tho  grand 


Marseillaise  till  his  blood  tjn|^les  to  his 
finder's  ends, — whether  he  would  listen  to 
the  music  of  love,  the  alpha  and  omega 
of  the  Italian  openk  or  would  boar  a 
symphony  by  Beethoven^  '"  the  Shake- 
sf)CJire  of  music" — all  he  may  enjoy  to 
hrs  heart's  overflowing  at  the  concerts  of 
IlEaa  Reg  EN  BOO  EN,  So  s^aid  tb->  editora 
with  one  accord,  from  those  of  the  great 
capital  of  letters  nn*l  art.  down  to  the 
obscurest  man  of  ink  who  had  been  blest 
by  the  receipt  of  HiRa  Reckn boo  en's 
compliments  with  a  card  of  admission. 

Some  days  previous,  placards  with  let- 
ters of  Patagonian  stature,  decked  with 
all  the  colors  as  yet  Cf>mpounded  in  ink 
and  emblazoned  with  attractive  symbolic 
devices,  had  announa^d  with  p*>rtcntou3 
exclamation  points  that  Hfrr  Regenbo- 
CEN  was  COMING  !  The  public,  stimu- 
lated before  to  the  highest  point  by  the 
wonderful  accounts  that  preceded  the 
great  master^  waited  with  caper  exjtecta- 
tion  for  his  arrivah  Aneclotes  of  bis 
boyhood,  of  his  youthful  struggles,  and 
of  the  tmlliant  successes  of  \{\s  manhood, 
appeared  in  all  the  newspapers^  It  waa 
truly  wonderful  to  seu  how  familiar  the 
press  were  with  the  minutest  dotailjs  of 
his  hf story.  In  due  time  he  came,  and 
straightway  a  new  set  of  "  posters,"  with 
yet  larger  and  more  brilliaivt  characters, 
publisbod  the  fact  in  the  crowded  streets, 
and  announced  the  first  afternoon  concert 
in  Beethoven  Hall*  The  programme  to 
mo  was  attractive*  With  Htma  Re*7 en- 
boo  »:ii'8  well-known  taste  and  tact,  how 
could  it  lie  otherwise  1  I  obtained  a 
ticket  by  dint  of  crowding  my  way  for 
near  half  ait  hour  towards  the  oflfiee  win^ 
dow^  and  wilb  the  prize  in  hand  j-eached 
the  optn  stri-^et  ai^ain,  exhausted,  breath- 
Ici^s.  and  with  sad  detriment  to  my  gnively 
respectable  dress.  My  but  might  tje 
cylindrical  no  niore^  my  linen  crura pleil 
and  limp*  and  my  boctts  might  bear  con- 
tributions of  mud  from  ."scores  of  huddled 
feet,  hut  I  bad  my  ticket ;  I  sbvmld  hear 
Uehr  Rkoenbogen's  orchestra^  and  1 
was  more  than  content  *4nti  now*  artcr 
a  day's  delightful  anticipation^  I  hrid  bt^cn 
in  my  place  full  hiLlf  an  hour,  rumina- 
ting, as  the  reader  is  aware,  ujjon  the 
mystery  that  is  bound  up  in  this  ditine 
art. 

I'ho  usual  dilBculty  was  experienced 
in  oblaining  seats  by  tliose  whojka  state- 
ly figures  or  rich  ctjstumea  showed  to 
advaiittige  in  sweeping  nloni^  the  aisles. 
Thfiti  was  the  usual  t]  dpi  ting  nmi  gjg* 
glmg  of  mbs^ds  in  vikfly  t^"  ■  ^^  •  untial 
indusirions  fnmung  by  li,  age^^^ 

though  the  liall  was  aL..^....,.,,y   c©ol 


1BS4.] 


Merr  Se^e^ip^t  Cm^H, 


U 


|irHVH  wmtHmtimi  •  th*  itmiaI  mnk- 


lBlCC4'|cl«/i 

'          .1  fit- 

U]    Twflcj* 

k^fl 

l3%r  \h^    ^r^i    r 

H';t'>\    unps    r'l    :\    '-iniifiier 

«K4>vrr  on  ihc  roof  uf  an  oki   funiibouso 

by  »*irbt  ^  r^     ■ 

'  '-— "w  -  —  - —  ffT^m 

tlie  c^rriic^t  r 

rMl 

»a  tujiTii;,  *'  - 

'^i^^l 

tjwtt  tWft  T 

It?  cjimJIini^  of 

fliUrs  fti>d    ! 

*»r  tli<*  oIrhs, 

ndoTfriXI ' 

:d(!  mng  J 

IIM    M^i- 

'-^  lM?mg 

iftU^Uie^^ 

luniierpi  tuUMvil  and  tocjk 

ttdr  pl*n^     T  ><i  Hi  uf  %!  1  ct&  iiii*  iJ  a  it  a  R  i> 

WBMWt^ 

i3*vi»):  !»owwl  lirnvcly  to 

Hbmm^ 

multitude,  str]>[M?d   Upon 

iSmfsomlQii 

■d  by  the 

^oqU   of  V. 

of   JICI^ 

fblMal  bft»4ikrr^ 

riK  1^    uu'i    iiK-    tiihilto  of 

iMfm  Olftt  fisd  »t  h(.t  fi^et     He  did  nut 

fikur-*-^-- 

'  -'^       HiF  iir  s^xntRHl  U> 

■y**V 

•^tT^>lyU^l^;  wli«n 

ttift» 

■  i  r».,],t  i-,f  benefit 

iDoe  ind 

bnwtf 

j  at  sKn- 

onima^ 

Old  i  rognrded 

Ite  «lth  ' 

i.     Not  tbftt  I 

a    lur^iL'tt*  i    my 
1t<»f!4**l    ill  hoy  hood 
If  '     iho 

kr-  :dc» 

fli*>l  hjTp\t  trie  J  1  h^jt  I  he 
ti^t«7«a  •qatirei  »m  ho  barely  nittvd 
hm  kBM  Mvcr  m  fork  in  the  lofli«gt  tree 
Bb  amMMf  irt«  |»Uiii  aiuI  unpnstciiiikig. 
tb»  wfisMVf  wliHe  glovfs  iitd  wtistco«t 
jMi  wintiii^ ;  hut  thciv  i«  ah  do  frit>* 
«f  wileh  jm^  ditrDond  pma  or 
!ik  modect  drtfss,  iliii  fiu^o 
«»«  a  ttodj.  Th«  t4siiiptt!Hu  front  i«  hicK 
lay  itniiolhly  Wk^  hki»«  tboi^  of 
|»04»  and  xrti^tii,  nw^Ucd  to  a  full 
The  mouth  wwH 
Ii  vv  €!umpr^''»^'d  witli 

i^xik  uf  c^nmmnd,  rio^-  jii«t 
fiffUp^Jlbljr  miliDjE,   ind   now   tn^niuloui 
VilJi  »  wM^ifliij  whM ' 
«•  ii  mmf  be  to  the 

fl««rlMUif  by  |irTjJ«t>txn 
by  tMlHiof  -1 * 

Wbtfvftr  K 

ll  OTmcti  hki^  the  4. 
wtiirli  ««  rtery  Ui 
I  deOa*  tfi^ftM^tiMii. 
tnmTTrftr 


\Ui     f-Tt  <•!  u-iJ  -    I 

,  Willi  ft 


fiirtbftil 

11,  could 

■  -  rvt^^ 

^rid 

f  n 

lU 
ihi^  iMArt 

p^fotTiid    to 

KVtLA 

■  f«- 

the 

I  riih»r 


orchestra,  in  which  cvcfy  performer 
wajt  himself  a  master,  I  knew  £  tihouI4 
htrar 

"Snctj  in&t«i  uv  wirblKl  to  til*  «trttt(t, 
Aod  mwlu  Ilel]  gi-Aiit  what  luv«  <ty  iwk;* 

or  loflJer  sttaina,  which  would 

And  lirliif  fell  buren  ImAhv  ibIb«  ^fM," 

How  attt'nttTelj,  rcvoretitlf ,  the  miiiw 
dans  awmitiH]  the  BipiA)  I  Not  i  more- 
Tiient  ihroiigliout  the  #erri«d  line,  Froni 
the  lending  Tiolin  down  to  the  men  of 
dnims  and  cymhali,  they  stood  like  an- 
1oni*u.  The  white  wand  was  mi$^.'d  and 
swept  evenly  like  a  pendulum  j  the  sym- 
phony begun,  I  had  neVL-r  heard* the 
great  work  before,  If  it  had  been  fa- 
iniUar^   rny   attention    niij;bt  have   been 

fWen  to  crrtical  observfttions  j  I  might 
ave  endeavored  to  notice  the  treatment 
of  the  principal  motifs  by  the  com|»oser, 
and  the  style  of  eiefiition  by  the  per- 
formers, rtappily  it  W!t4  n<?w,  and  I  was 
content  to  listen  with  the  unc^uostioning 
dehghtof  a  clulil,  and  to  surs-cndcr  my- 
self wholly  to  its  influences.  The  nam*, 
the  Italian  Symphony,  gavti  me  nn  idea 
of  it*  chamcieri  but.  i'ven  nitliout  Uiit 
key^  it  would  not  have  i>een  ditllcuft  ta 
guess  the  design  of  the  coTii|:io8er.  1 1  had 
no  salient  melotiie^  like  tlio^  of  Moxart 
and  RoBsini ;  its  1>e&uty  was  the  rr5{ult 
of  compleir  forces.  Y'ou  foflowtnl  no  sin- 
gle ^'^'"'^■^'^"^1 ;  you  found  no  returning 
&tr:i  to.     But  the  wholv  had  tut 

exqu,  ..  t  ;uinetry  whii'h  tlie  oioi^tHion 
of  the  moat  Nub^irflinnte  part  would  Imva 
jicriously  marred.  A  thought  from  tha 
**  Fable  fbr  Critics,'*  which  wiwi  recalled 
tiy  this  vi'oiidi.trful  unity,  showg  tha 
aatlogy  between  [loetry^  and  music  in  thia 
reipect^ — 

**  !f«*  LI  la  {i4t  on*  Uihiif  Pflf  itfoUlar  liftii* 
llAkv«  «  pn*nv  t(it  tMh*t  th«N  fKborsI  tatmn 
Tbr  »iitn»Ukliif  pttTftdlnE,  uulUdg  tb#  wl>i)^ 

fkt  tliat  )fiit  lA  mwi«lBf  till*  MS*  of  tb«t.  p^ 
Tiilt*  ttwmft  M  U  ww*^  ft  eiitff  Umh  uf  Uj«  iiaUtiw* 

Under  the  iiTeslstihle  ^fpell  of  the  nujiie 
I  w«!;  tiiMju  in  lt«ly.  aninnj^  the  !M-'eTH*a  It 
tto  vividly  rv-priiditixwi  fTuajritiation  out- 
htrip|ied  tlic  diligenrn  and  th**  rulway 
tmin.  I  *nw  the  mouniain  and  it^  airy 
pjith  oviT  whk'h  I  he  mule  Heek*t  his  w»y 
chroiijih  tlu'Uikt  't  but  I  w&a  e^emfit  from 
the  imlmmw  tran^iL  Whatrvi-r  thcmu^ic 
»u|fy[csle*i  or  mr*rn'tn*  nrn}M,  I  paw 
wiUiMtji  the  f:«i  !  ^it  aft 

imjio^d  ujioii  bamt 

on  ii*ar«l+  a."«  u  p-- 1 tj  a  g-. ;  1 1 1  v  i :  n  *  1 1  ]  1 1  u  ug  ciii«« 
rent.     >Jy  HhalUi]t  HWtpt  nuder  XXin  aW' 


Herr  Ik^mhof^m^i  UomerL 


[Jidy 


dow  of  mftrble  palaccfi^  and  its  silken  sxni! 
WHS  ^istenden^  with  perfumed  ^frs  from 
the  shore.  Monuments  of  Grecian  pi?niua 
and  of  Eomati  art,  partly  cniTfibJiug  or 
protje,  crowned  the  height?  or  j^learaed 
»mOTig  duraps  of  trees  m  yale^  All  thikt 
the  travel k'r  and  artist  hav^^  brought  over 
the  Atlantic— St,  Peter's,  tlif  Calitsciim, 
baths  and  temples  iiiioibtTiOfiS.  stet-ple* 
hatttnl  baiidiU^  cowled  and  tom^ured 
monks*  and  the  intdLitudint>us  confuKion 
of  the  Ciirnival — all  crowdt'4  in  airy  pro- 
cession before  me. 

But  wliJlfj  in  imagination  imder  the 
gloriouii  sky  of  Italy,  rapt  in  the  thouglits 
which  itss  past  msgnificencc  inspired.  I 
was  coiiscioiia  of  an  aknost  startling  wn- 
fiatvon  at  every  modulation  of  the  mui>ic 
iiito  a  new  key.  The  key  in  which  music 
is  written,  as  every  reader  knows^  ha^ 
much  to  do  with  its  character  and  effect. 
It  is  to  music  what  the  background  is  to 
a  patntinj^ ;  upon  its  tone*  stimbre  or  mel- 
low, depends  all  the  harmony  of  coloring 
«nd  much  of  the  expretvsioo  of  the  promi- 
neat  figures*  It  is  the  warp  through 
which  the  silver  thread  of  melody  h 
woven*  It  is  the  language — Italian,  Eng- 
lish or  French^ that  by  its  liquid  or 
Btroag  or  impassioned  character  moulds 
tlie  poet^s  conceptioni*  My  temperament 
la  im]}re,^sibl@j  and  I  am  afiectetl  in  an  unti- 
fiual  degree  by  the  changes  of  key  which 
a  great  oomposar  knows  how  to  introduce}. 
Sometimes  afler  a  ierce  tumult  of  sounds, 
aE»  in  representing  a  battle  or  cleniCDtal 
Btrifa,  the  change  brings  a  relief  like  en- 
teiing  a  cool  grotto  out  of  the  noontide 
glare,  or  like  breatliing  the  dewy  air  of 
evening  after  the  toil  and  dust  of  a  long 
Bummer^ii  day.  When  the  modulation  is 
gradually  eficcted,  it  biings  a  gentle  sen* 
tation  of  pleasure  without  challenging  any 
Ttaeotal  exertion*  It  is  hut  the  swinging 
of  the  door  on  golden  hinges,  which  when 
opened  discloses  neff  delighta  beyond* 
But  often  the  abrupt  change  bniij^  a 
sudden  and  thrilling  emotion,  m  when 

" on  ■  *mld*ti  opttti  &y 

HjumL  tliuoikit'.^ 

HKua  Rii:f;c]^Bo<^KN  seemed  to  have 
ifached  jjerfectign  in  this  respocL  The 
harmunies  which  his  orchestra  gave  were 
ab^luki,  not  mere  approxtuiatioiis.  And 
when  a  theme  hml  produced  its  clTect  in 
one  key^  and  was  to  be  repealed  with  a 
new  shade  of  coloring,  the  transitton  was 
marked  by  an  wixy  simplicity  which  is 
the  result  of  the  highest  art.  The  k&s 
sympathetio  listener  might  doubt  whether 


there  bad  been  any  change  at  all.     My 

nerves  e-iuld  but  acknowledj^e  th»3  ex- 
quisite delicacy  and  precision  of  intona- 
tion ;  every  fibre  wiui  tremulous  while 
,the  chromatic  intervals  were  firmly  yet 
airily  touched  in  the  modulation.  Tljero 
wa-S  no  creaking  as  of  rusty  hinges,  no- 
thing of  the  jolt  that  attends  the  '*  awiteh- 
ing  off"  a  car  on  the  railway.  Either 
the  bland  toneis  imperceptibly  shifted  inio 
other  convbinations,  or  suddenly  arranged 
themselves  on  a  new  front  with  the  start- 
ling effect  of  an  instantaneous  miJttary 
niftnoDuvre,  In  one  caso  it  was  a  vaguely 
indolent  pleasure,  lulling  tlie  itenises  in 
elysium ;  in  the  other,  a  bold  rapture  that 
led  captive  the  asConishei  souL 

A  new  phenomenon  was  now  apparent 
under  the  sway  of  Kkrk  RKocsiBoiiCN's 
marvellous  baton.  I  hud  formerly  read 
of  Gardiner- s  ingenious^  theory  of  tlie  cor- 
rej^pondeiiee  tf»tween  the  seven  prismatic 
colors  and  the  i^cven  tones  of  the  scale,  but 
it  rested  in  a  dusty  crypt,  covered  with 
an  accumulation  of  later  deposits.  Now 
by  some  occult  association  of  ideas  it 
came  vividly  to  mind,  I  could  not  re- 
member the  particular  color  which  was 
assigned  to  any  one  tone  5  nor»  indeed, 
could  I  have  told  tlie  letter  to  which  any 
passing  tone  was  ais«igned.  But,  by  a  not 
unnatural  analogy,  the  succession  of  keys 
that  left  so  deep  an  impression  upon  my 
Kjind)  seemed  to  diffuse  in  turn  their  pe- 
culiar hues  as  well  a^  their  interior  intla- 
cnces  through  the  air*  Every  pulse  of 
sound  that  knocked  at  the  ear  appealed 
to  the  sight  a«;  well*  For  the  air  that 
trembled  with  those  magical  tones  seem«d 
to  have  a  supernatural  subtlety,  and  when 
cheerful  or  soothing  music  prevailed,  was 
tinted  with  azure,  araetliystj  am  Iter  or 
rose  color ;  or  it  sbifWd"  im perceptibly 
from  one  to  another,  like  the  colors  of  the 
opal  when  turned  in  the  sun,  or  as  the 
light  breaks  from  the  glo^isy  plumage  of 
the  pigeon-s  neck*  When  passion  in- 
spired the  fttmin,  deeper  colors  pervuded — 
scarlet,  crimi&on,  purple,  or  goM^brown. 
Every  em 0 lion  eten  seemed  to  have  its 
symbolic  hue;  and  as  love  and  jt^alousy^ 
fc|K)sc-aud  fear,  hope  and  despair  al- 
lematodj  the  sympathetic  ether  quiv- 
ered with  a  cew  and  oflen  sUirtling 
change. 

llerr  Regenb*^gen  seemed  to  be  ab- 
sorbed in  th^  development  of  these  won* 
drous  modulations^  lisiening  with  evident 
solicittidu  to  Im  vure  that  the  orchestra 
maintained  the  exqui-^ite  relation  of  tones 
which  had  such  jmiver  over  th^  primal 
elemeiitH  of  mutter.  And  when  ui  th<i 
swee^^of  iiii  wand  the  twCt  aaurc  disMJlvud 


ItM.] 


Jltrr  Ittpenbo^m^i  Von^rL 


2t 


iBt»  pcmtM,  or  1>lM)od  with  ihe  color  of 
1^  oHokPi  lif«i«l,  his  Aiudous  ey«  briglit< 
tsvl  sad  bk  fSui  wore  m  ^tul  look  of 

INil  with  all  Uiu  pcrflx^t}0n  of  hArniony 
■doij  ^ '   ncgloctixi,     Th(?  themes 

wHJk  »  m\k  in  dl*tiir[g  wilKout 

■  wmf  v^  irt|;  frtntr  tlie  lirendth 

of  dwjif  '«^^  1<:i'3  :j  I  U'-Lrii.ess  nml 

fl«^,  sada  lilt 

«lin  duKTsr^  •  ^  ijf 

ll»  p«rf«ei  m&^tt.  8f>  ilu^t  a^  ti  ic  ix^uocrt 
fVUMdHl,  tho  I«|tttmia.t«  ^u^ifciitiotiii  of 
tilt  miiie  lii4  thehr  Aill  weight  with  t>¥tTy 

Hcndy  imitfttivi  ttm«ib  ir^rr  R«g«nl)o« 
fn  ii  Qwietvtood  to  i'i%Urni  lightly.  He 
wvolil  u  '  't,  i-xrrpt  m  burlesque, 

to  piwL  .  Id  \\^  (btii?.  ttR-  ti^-^cr's 

kiip^  die  if->TTipuiigaf  bfi^tTialOf*^  (lie  riK»9iig 
if  ^ow,  wr  lh#  BurjjfiiiK  of  k*viathAiVi 

imturo 

Trees 

'  K  other 
Birds  RWinzing 
ftoiiglii^  luippj  Jt*  t-he  00od  of 
iflt  ttodttlmted  ttmm^ti  Him  air, 
foOf  ««  Ukw  rightful  ^utrt  in 
3UiMf^«  f^rmad  9reii«str%  of  which  Ilerr 
<mlj  A  section.    The 


1^  varied  c%ltU  nnd 
afw  f|aiiUMuiily  to 
«A  mfti^  «9oloe»  l< 
mk  tMr  Wris  wkiiq^' 
IP  tfe  naile  luftly  roMw 


«  is  plains  bettutT. 
At  aanA,  ton  p^/ 


Kilenlly ;  only*  us 

ioniid  E&  of  tlio 

^  *  oAk)^  ou  Mmi0 

.<•  he&rt  with 

"  'i'tI  away 

^1  Anw'ti 

.  iHLfn>"d 

i.t 

h- 

r    >*t4Jrill, 

i>  wavc^ 

rmtbiis  Uic  flr^t  p.irt 
cd.  Ono  by  ooc,  tluj 
•topped,  And  the  iaj^t 
■ito  fBMdoil  lo  ttwoon  iwray  ;  you  cutild 
•«  «|f  wIm»  ite  biT4lh)i]|<  ctiaiii<'i.  It 
mm  m  in— tinn  wvrtli  «  \eftr'ii  life.  T 
kaiiljr  Idiiw  wittllier  t  waji  %i\\\  in  tha 
l«l  ^nttfifki,  wliOe  the  poArly  pink  at- 
SMiMV  ufvrfeBiii;  the  dctvH*  tiJn>lt^^  1 
Oirfi  mA  lura  frara  at  reTiTv  anil  jiakh 
te  ciicTmiMaii  m  jpwidng  &k^iig  tfii: 
|iito«e<  mnks  -if  fhv   \^*n-'j\W':,  or  in 

wm  f^|i^U44.  AUU  I  Wia  but  lua  h4|>|jy  ;i 


Such  A  concert  my  Ifiend  Lowell  %i'^ 
tended  when  he  wrote  this  cjtquisjle  frag- 
ment: 

**TIU«fc*rualilfiir.  like  an  ikomti  TUt 
OrvlsJ.n  .         '  Lr1«s)i»tin^ 

TLciui.  ilv  md  Out 

Aj  citirf?,  ^'  wtiH«  thv  lid 

**  Off  In  Sqw  tniimjim  tiiflf  begait 

Ai  ci'ttr  K  htrp  vKaHai} 

A  fltf^il  brveics  Qnttl  tlii7  nui 

U}!  tt)  ■AtictdQii  ecatuy* 

"  And  then  Uk«  mlnnbqMJrop*  of  tiln  ^ 

Ilinpdng  kn  w«lar  »ilror|j^ 
The;  linfvrtnif  ifrnpiiad  and  droppoil  ig■ll^ 
"nil  U  wu  tlmMl  Uks  ft  p«lp 
IVi  llilva  vrben  ll»  out  wanM  b«." 

The  second  part  of  the  concertj  accord- 
ing to  the  pro|tf atonic,  was  to  con^sist  of  i 
niiw  work  by  Ilerr  Ik^genbopMi  him^lf* 
I  H\Taii«*l  its  coiiiniuoct^iiK^nt  with  curiosi* 
ty  not  attojivthLT  fr^  from  ffl|iprii'liension ; 
for  Ko  compteU?  had  bvt'O  his  success  m  an 
i«U"rprvt<;r  of  the  i^jrund  conocfitions  of 
oth<?ri?,  that  I  fc/irt'd  he  would  W  una  bio 
to  niAiiitaln  the  interest  he  had  artxisod- 
A  jwrft^ct  conductor  h  not  necessarily  % 
coTiijjostT,  any  nioru  timn  a  coiiNumniatc 
actor  is  a  poet  or  rUetoriciani  I  ktiuw 
that  if  thert!  w«r<^  any  new  orchestral 
effects  po«^ible  we  should  have  thetu.  The 
harmonies  would  undouhliidly  be  at  one© 
massive  and  flowing,  and  the  iitrijost  ^ood 
taste  would  tetO|:k*r  thii  whole ;  but  the 
freshness  of  orij^inality  might  ^fter  all  be 
wanting.  I  did  not  know  lierr  Hcgen- 
bop.'n. 

AtUif  A  brief  prelude  the  M*c«>nd  sym* 
ptuiny  be^fin ;  before  a  do?A-n  loefthurea 
were  jjerfuniiLMl  my  apprwhi-nsious  wera 
At  an  end.  Tliu  structure  of  every  phrase 
gin) wed  the  master ;  and  lh*i  nic I ody, 
fiulic^ntf  clearly  dertncd*  and  licarinja^  % 
uwiatiiiiK.  beyond  words,  allbctc.'d  me  incx* 
prv-v^ibly.  Ah  tho  pointer  who  aim^  to 
jK^rtray  the  huuiiin  form  in  vnriouii  alti* 
tude^4^  and  under  the  infbieiire  of  di  He  re  tit 
emotions.  |jalienily  studies  anat^joiy,  And 
reprofiucej!^  uu  bis  canvas  the  mniitteat 
ctfwt  of  mu»<iu!ar  action  in  the  \Xtmg 
' "  ^  "^  it  Ncit  H  icd  to  m  e,  1 1  iti  1  m  %^ '  n  I  h>- 
Mjdied  the  amilomy  of  the  «>ul, 

!,,,.,_       :    ii.-.V   liiiu-     In     :i^vjvk^  II    t^vi<ry     sett- 

iAfi^fU  hi  .  lit;  tbo 

worlvM  tjf  th''  rreAt  inftitterN^  i\wm  he  had 

tiK'^fl  rm  Uti'l^f's  tn   lh>*  tn^itTiit^nt   of  iTm 

i  him  the  I  f 

lin  **F  ]q\  y 


AliliL 


uol  ]u:l  ici^p 


2i 


Serf  Itt^mhogm^s  Concert 


[July 


dental  lucky  bit ;  nor  were  bb  symbols 
mero  coTVYentjonalisnis  j  so  exquisite  was 
thtur  atkptation,  there  was  no  mistaking 
the  composer^s  firift  ?  you  rushed  on  with 
the  inufcic.  nmi  felt  every  emotion  it  was 
designed  to  portray.  Whul  wonderful 
force  now  attende<t  *iflch  n*oduJation,  while 
with  this  music  piercing  to  the  innermost 
soul,  the  atmofsphere  f&Bpl&jod  ite  chro- 
mntic  changes ! 

Tho  effect  of  constant  attention  had  now 
be<^ome  almost  painful.  I  seemed  to  lose 
individuahty  and  power  of  rtm^tanoe.  My 
whole  being  throbljetl  with  the  rhythm 
of  the  orchestra ;  and,  as  the  *'  medium  " 
IDf  mesmeric  subject  is  conscious  of  the 
presence  of  another  soul  in  her  own.  so 
the  yery  citadel  of  life  seemed  possessed 
by  the  genius  of  musrc,  nnlil  I  wa«  help- 
~'ess  alike  in^ni}'  jo}^  and  in  my  dissolving 
ufkTS,  I  was  like  a  cloud  driven  by  the 
rfnd,  dyed  hy  the  sun's  clicmistryj  and 
hlriiivered  by  lightning. 

For  very  relief  from  this  overmaster- 
ing inftnence,  though  it  was  &g  fajscinating 
IR  opium*  I  dcicrtnincd  to  brerik  away 
and  to  watch  the  effect  of  the  music  and 
the  changeful  light  ujvan  others. 

A  ruddy  fiico  near  me  while  a  flood  of 
crimson  loured  down  might  have  served 
Fal staff  for  a  flambeau  ;  ani>n  it  was  over- 
apread  with  a  ghastly  green  such  as  old 
fKoger   Chill ingworth   wore  in  his  later, 
evil  days.     His  whiskers,  that  doubtless 
looked  respectably  brown  while  on  his 
morning  promenadcy  now  bore  the  unde- 
[  Ctded  hue  that  generally  attends  the  ef-^ 
fiirts  of  the  chemist  to  imitate  nature. 
Wbat  an  ordeal    for    shams    was    this 
zauberlichtl     There  was  a  maiden^  ^ 
model  of  the  reigning  mode  in  dress  and 
adornments^  doubtless    tbe    beloved    of 
»ome  dry-goods  clerk  j  her  features  arch, 
her  eye  dancing  with  an  exuberance  of 
epiritk     What  a  fascinating  creature  she 
eeemed  while  the  soft  rose  tint  prevailed  J 
But  just  then  an  amber  radiance  was  dif- 
fused, and  her  clieekt  so  delicately  shaded 
before,  told    of   cosmetics    and    artistic 
touches ;    her  teeth,  before  pearls,  were 
fftlpttblT  just  from  the  furnace  of  the  den- 
tist*    •*  l)ear  mo/'  whispereil  the  once  fair 
,  one  with  a  shuddering  self-appreciation^ 
I-**  I  do  hope  the  music  will  change  from 
'bis  horrid  key ;  I  never  could  abide  four 
f  ^ats !  **    Her  admirers  seemed  dubious  as 
Ifo  the  coni^truction  of  her  remarkf  and 
lljesitAted  whether  they  ought  to  be  abash- 
let!  or  atlmntwlj  meanwhije  their  cheeks 
^Tlvallcd  the  flitting  plaj'  of  c^^I' 
1  dying  dolphin.     But  with  a  si- 
of  the  rjdicnlous  she  exclaimed;     ii  whh, 
$hould  keep  on,  what  &  sight  Madame 


Partfilott  will  be*  to  be  irarc  I  How  funny 
to  leave  her  monstrous  head-dress  blog- 
FOTuinjjc  like  a  bunch  of  yellow  holly- 
bocks  ! " 

'^  There  comes  dear  old  Mr*  Fiftysii," 
said  her  yonnger  and  more  rustic  com* 
panion.  **  See  his  face  rippling  into  smiles, 
like  a  film  of  cream  breathed  on  by  the 
dairymaid/'  "Yes,"  rejoined  the  more 
expeoenced  dami^l^  *^and  loc>k.  too»  at  his 
Gomiejil  liead.  One  can  see  now  each  sep- 
arate simple  of  which  his  hair-dye  is  com- 
pounded."  "  Better  make  a  note  of  ftiem 
in  ttmcj"  said  a  voice  that  suggested  an 
exee.^g  of  free  acid.  I  looked  at  the  lemon- 
colored  portal  from  which  this  ill-ns^tured 
warning  came,  an<l  remefubered  the  face ; 
it  wm  one  I  had  formerly  admii:ed  ;  now 
it  gave  me  an  inward  start.  For,  a=5  I 
looked,  green  reigned  ;  and  the  eyes  that 
had  seemed  so  tctiderly  bhie  in  the  crys- 
tal light,  were  nofV  diilMiko  sea- water,  or, 
at  times,  were  Kg  hied  up  witFi  a  sinister, 
feline  lustre.  Her  hairj  which  curled  so 
coquottishly,  was  now  almost  instinct 
with  life  in  its  crisp  radiation,  1  even 
fancied  each  coil  a  serpent  and  herself  the 
ancient  Medusa,  And  if  thm  be  envy,  I 
thought  how  fortunate  is  it^  that  in  the 
clear  light  which  falls  ujx>n  earth  a  veil  is 
thrown  over  much  that  would  otberwisB 
render  us  miserable, 

A  young  woman  not  many  seats  re- 
moved seemed  to  be  giving  her  whole  soul 
to  the  music^  Soinetimes  she  nodded  or 
whispered  a  brfef  word  in  answt*r  to  lier 
companion,  but  still  she  was  a  loyal  sub- 
ject of  Ilcrr  Regenlxjgen,  The  cora^* 
iianion  seemed  to  be  at  the  cross-roads  ; 
lie  looketi  at  her  doubtfully,  for  her  face 
was  not  beautiful,  and  she  used  no  co- 
quettish arts  of  fascination*  lie  evidently 
construed  her  undivided  and  eager  atten- 
tion to  the  orche^itra  as  in  some  measure 
a  slight  to  himself.  With  a  less  e^ympap 
tbetic  organization,  he  oould  not  appre- 
ciate that  perfection  in  music  which  so 
enchained  her.  Soon  there  came  a  gh>- 
rioufl  strain,  lofty  and  pure  as  the  sky, 
and  diffusing  a  mild,  blue  radiance*  Ko- 
thing  of  enchantment  ever  equalled  th© 
effect  of  that  azure  light  upon  the  phuti 
features  of  the  maiden.  In  her  eyes  the 
warmth  of  atftfction  enhaoijed  and  i>flcned 
the  gleam  of  intellect^  and  a  halo  encircted 
her  head  like  that  which  painters  give  to 
the  Virgin  Mother*  I  hoped  the  hesita- 
ting admirer  wotdd  see  her  transhgura- 
tion ;  and  he  did.  If  he  ever  forge tj*  that 
reveliiliyn  he  is  no  true  man, 

A  liuninutive  tlgure  with  ^y^s  like  an  I 
owl,  sitting  by  the  side  of  agHyl  ydni^stHl  i 
woman^  his  wife,  apparently,  next  caught  J 


ISM.] 


fftrr  Apmho^'^i  CmetrL 


29 


mw  §XUen\km.     flow  he^  omie  to  the  fort- 

o»t  wan  m  ni>>t"'  '  '"'  "'"  ^'vnknulf 

Willi  |»penL  ftttd  jkt  hi  the 

■iMPi^  lii  Mspis#tl  liny:  ''  prtKjf  ^* 

#»  IIm  tOfi  of  hi*  ^  '   '^r  hig  M'ai^t- 

^••l  pockvi  m  M^rwit  of  cTtiiKl^ri  jtist  »{»- 
naml,  which  ixil|;hl  Imvo  fiu|c$^ted  the 
Iteiva  pifM^  Wt  on  &  clomr  yWw  J  mw 
thai  it  win  »  pHyicirian'»  T»cle  m«cum. 
fhitt,  tbav  w»*  pTobublf  *  luvtek^r  ot  Hit 
JiifTWfl  aocieiM,  ©w  of  At  **  cmiiwnl  i^rav- 
Mtawi'ttloolliicsoi'jt:.-  ^  '  ^afc 

dtoir  of  old  bfloi  '  A 

Im  tall  of  nutki^  i^  inHiriMn-u,  «  ^tdd 
htini ad pbos  wlit ix^iii  to  |iore  oTor  Urn 
^tm/bamhtd  tud  n^ckf^Jt  erudition  exccpl 
la  Bwilwiiiw  H»ll  r  Would  the  moxoh 
iif  •wf  teavv  U>«^  ilivru^if  tliicki't  i^ht^ro 
ht  bwl  Ml  kinf  }t^  and  wiUing* 

Ijraaaa  ta  Uie  du;  •  i'lenng  of  gfty 

tanii  I    Madame,  hui  richly  drc^^^  wift^, 
mty  |yi?«  capltiml   him  fur  Iho 
1  fwrhftp  with  hhn  her  olht!? 
a  Jfnnng  mftO  with  hiuidicotne 
^  with  the  visible  imprvs!*  of 


I  «tt  hi»  brow. 

Jf  «pon 
Imd  of  > 
tno? 


ir,d0 

dd 

ici;-   ill- 
tu  mast 

...  . ',  ,t  * 


ktth 


Juat  Itei  tlie  mnab  aiKlled  tti 
^affaaoi    Mtrrn'ri.   k^ucU    aa    mi^i  ' 
pwtad  Oirat)  on  h^  re- 

Im  U'  r  hmri  kindled  at 

Ife  aainM*  J^mUow?  Ktopptnl  ttiymf^  with 
tete;  even  l>ocU>r  Ov^l  cntTniikd  ht£ 
papva  aod  kiolicd  alir^ut  him  a>i  if  in  wou* 
dv  a&  tha  fisibk*  mlhuKijuifi  of  thc»  »u* 
dm^oij  aad  al  Uir  of 

Ifatair;  hot  Um  ^  in 

hliil  It  fl*«ld  Univ  rniAi.*  vMnm^'u  Hv  aUj^« 

Mttt  cmaftla  as  amaL  Tbo  fitinh  of  ex* 
bteaSim  an  liie  fiKt^  ^  **  '^-  ^mhitioujt 
Mik  waa  In  ■uvoit  <^Hb  (htr 

Li^faid  aflrrtatioo  ^  : i.'  in  tho 

vawHO  uf  l^liiutit  and  with  the  KktnnVf 
MR^flKaUcvlorctl  f«cv  t>r  L>iM:tor  Uwl« 
Mh  of  ti^Mii  rrfartlod  th«»  fj^'v  of  tUu 
li^l^l^vd  cfilhu^imMC  ^itb  adniirution. 
Pf«ik» !    A  ch&nrc  nf  -^tught  a 

Hifpli  tm*;^      hW  t  H<iii  now 

iHMl  '    from  thi:  i>i:<i  of  ihifl 

<t>Wig*  1^    one    cftfrcrly    nolfliih, 

ling 

rho 

»  IV* 

-    -.«.    ,.,.—   jP '..-^*  to 

■ml  hk  SMlo  ^— *|  if  ^oa 


could  sec  her  fiice  under  this  light,  it 
would  be  enough." 

A  vount*  man  with  silken  nioimttcbe* 
and  delicate  fcttturts.  his  hands  riusetl  in 
»|MJtiess  gloves,  sat  beside  %  girl  who 
tiiTght  in  Paris  hoTc  bwn  Ink  en  (or  a 
griH^tt^.  Evident  disparity  in  rwnk,  as 
the  world  Um&  settled  it,  tmsvA  a  widl  be- 
tween them.  True  manlinoiw  might  level 
it,  but,  aljis.  if  he  does  pass  over,  how 
bkt^ly  IS  it  that  it  will  be  by  stealthiJj 
climbing  like  a  thi«fl  While  he  whi^- 
|x?riMl  she  cftst  IwT  eyes  upon  her  pmity 
fijot  that  kept  uit^ottsciouii  time  to  a  deli^ 
ciaus  tiir.  Under  the  bllnence  of  tba 
mui^ic,  which  now  was  like  V'rdrai  Cat-in^ 
in  its  tender  Rimphrily,  litsiening  ta  the 
hoiiejed  words  which  M'ero  breathed  in  her 
ean  the  maidi^n  wm  bdled  mlo  a  dre^in 
of  lore,  I  almost  thought  that  llerr 
Hegenbt)gen  had  observed  Uie  net  spread 
for  her ;  for  the  key  chimped  with  a  stun* 
iiing  violence.  Crimson  Jlnsheti  the  face 
of  the  $nitor.  telling  of  nightly  debauch- 
ery ^  And  from  his  oyo  ^]%r^  a  lund  lUinfit 
Could  the  simple  girl  have  look^  up  Iha 
£|M*I]  would  haw  beea  'hit^ketK  Bui  sha 
did  noL 

The  unequalled  excellence  of  thismusit^ 
i<M:ompanied  by  the  unearth  I  y  lights  thai 
pluwetl  or  trembled  or  dnticod  through 
ilw  tiir,  appciireil  to  me  to  evinee  *ticlj  su- 
pjni!itin»t  jHjvviT  that  1  wondered  at  tho 
ct^mparativo  inditlvrenc^  which  th@  audi- 
etiLD  manilbstefh  It  is  true  they  wtm  VDr 
thnntastic  in  their  Admiration^  and  ap- 
plauded to  the  «cho  every  marked  pas* 
aagc^ ;  but  it  was  merely  such  enthiuEiaitii 
as  I  hwi  witnessed  when  Jenny  Lind 
uane  ;  it  was  thu  tribute  whieh  genius  lit 
itji  bibber  niauifestalions  always  ohtaiiia. 
But  this  unheardnjf  art,  whieh  campaswd 
all  height  and  depth  and  masterod  IhA 
very  8oul  of  the  liKtener,  and  to  whic^ 
the  eI<'iuentHof  tlu^  r:.  v  '  wjrld  flocmod 
to  be  in  per  feu  I  o\»  \Hivd  to  QM 

t*i  bt*  but  imjuirlLi  1 1  ^  stiiJ^-ciatedi  It 
waj*,  dunbtle^K,  owing  to  the  f&ct  that 
Herr  lic^eitUigtMi  had  wiwidy  brought  tho 
audience  by  vaHy  and  aliiMiat  JnseoidbAs 
dcgn*!.s.  fruiri  Hi' ir  di  Tl-ht  in  merely  m^ 
chjir  inl!uen«»  of  tho 

prt>t  in  Use  retch  of 

the  h  u  II  *an  J4*c  i  J  U  fi^.  A  t\%>nl  i  j  i  g  ly  j  w  hi  la  t 
tUeste  last  and  almost  nurucnlons  riviulta 
weni>  pro< luted,  though  the  attention  of 
all  was  rivete^l,  yet  it  wajt  not  a  painful  or 
enforced  silencQ:  every  ouv  aeemi^d  at 
ewm  I  and  tho  oocaAionAl  whimper,  tha 
Bid<;bng  g1anee«  the  adjustment  uf  oma- 
inenla,  the  relief-givmg  chaunEe  of  |ioaitk>iL 
all  were  part  of  ttm  u«ual  txpntmum  of 
gonoert  goarflta    A  hw  euthuaiaatk  |«<9^ 


§0 


Wiff  Bi§ 


t'#  £^nc*rl. 


tJuJjr 


seemed  to  me  ta  isrnipatlns&c  with  my  own 
highly  wrought  fwltngs  ^  orKl  it  rclifiTed 
mts  to  fiml  mj^sclf  justTfietl  by  their  cx- 
mmplc.  so  thjit  I  mifrht  h<*  Bure  I  wns 
neither  drenmin^,  nor  pursued  hj  the 
thick  coJTiing  rancb^  of  in^ftnity, 

Amoni,^  tlie  fact*s  thri«  lighliMi  up  wns 
th«t  f>f  n  lady  clresf^ed  in  hlack  Bitting 
under  tlie  )jaltx)ny  with  a  bright  boy  of 
eight  f>r  tpn  renrs  by  her  siilc*  Poverty 
waa  not  wholly  conomled  by  her  moiim- 
lijg  garb,  nor  by  the  neatness  which 
H3*rked  her  own  and  her  boy's  appear- 
ance,  Undor  the  oppressiTC  splendor  her 
eyes  were  dovvncaH(;  and  her  face  pale. 
The  boy  looked  up  inquiringly,  putting 
h>3  little  hand  in  hers.  Agnin  the  key 
chanjrert.  nod  the  hall  wfi3  filled  with  an 
indescribable  rosy  and  golden  ltg:ht  such 
as  the  west  caists  on  mountain  and  cloud 
when  the  sun  pannes  on  the  horizon,  A 
henvenly  melody  floated  out  upon  the  air, 
whik*  every  mre  and  delicate  dettce  of  in- 
strum  en  tation  was  employed  to  buoy  it 
np  and  hei^^hten  its  beauty.  Even  the 
immortal  trio  in  Don  Giovanni  never  af- 
fected vm^  m  deeply*  The  widow's  soft 
©yes  were  suffused  with  tears,  and  their 
upward  gflauces  set^med  '-commercing 
with  the  skies,"  Was  not  the  spirit  of 
the  husband  near  to  enjoy  with  her  thnt 
wondrous  uiTisic,  and  to  know  with  what 
tender  aflection  she  cherished  his  mem- 
ory ? 

My  attention  was  soon  recalled  to  the 
cnrhestra,  for  I  heard  the  prelude  to  a 
nevir  movement.  A  few  violins,  a  yiolon- 
ceilo,  horn,  flute,  bnssoon  and  harp,  were 
detailed  ns  nn  advance  corps,  leaving  the 
main  anuy  to  fullovv  in  re^serve.  Very 
few  perMJUi^  who  have  attempted  to  put 
their  in>]ife,ssions  of  music  on  paper  ean 
be  as  ipiorant  as  I  atu  of  the  mathematics 
on  which  the  ^lence  resets.  1  do  not 
know  the  natue  of  a  single  chord  ;  and  as 
for  inodoktions  I  have  not  the  least  idea 
of  file  hiwB  which  govern  them.  Sii!!, 
Jong  exiKi'ritni'u  as  a  listener,  am!  an  in* 
stinct  whicJi  miisician^  tell  me  rarely  erra^ 
enable  me  to  detect  errors  and  appreciate 
eTcell<?ncies  even  in  the  minutest  etfeets, 
Thereftiru  I  cannot  tell  what  charm  Herr 
Rcgenljogen  hod  given  to  this  final  move- 
ment;  but  it  was  btjyond  my  highest 
conception.  Airs  danci'^  to  each  other  in 
ceaseless  play,  sparkling  like  gold  fishea. 
The  low  tone  ttmt  eloKed  some  deliente 
strain  sup[x>rted  on  its  firm  base  a  troop 
ottnelodies  that  came  leaping  and  carol- 
Unf  afkr  it ;  ea«h  of  which  in  turn  rested 
■s  the  found  lit  ion  for  a  now  display.  Then 
came  a  ^leri-xt  uf  re|i**ye.  The  exul»etance 
c^f  epirits  that  had  animated  the  principal 


instruments  snhsided,  and  all  blended 
into  a  choral  strain  so  full  and  perfect  in 
its  harmony  that  another  element  coul4 
not  be  imagined-  Over  this  stream  of 
music 

^  DmP)  ni^«itl<\  imootlk  tad  Urongip'* 
I  heard  the  silvery  Tibrationa  of  a  harp 
as  it  was  touched  by  a  master  hand ;  and 
I  strove  to  catch  the  countenance  of  the 
player  who  could  create  such  sounds* 
But  the  light*  danced  over  the  orchestra 
like  igues  fatui*  Mfsta  seemed  to  envelope 
the  harp  as  with  a  dim  cloud  that  »Mhook 
into  widening  circles  with  every  vibra- 
tion, forming  a  glory  around  it  I  could 
see  no  object  clearly.  As  in  a  battle  the 
spectator  sees  through  tlie  smoke  and  the 
confused  cru^h  of  men,  now  an  arm  with 
blfliing  sword,  now  a  Innco,  now  colors 
waving,  and  now  a  rearing  horse,  m  m 
the  gpot  whence  the  music  issued,  I  caught 
glimpses  of  instruments  and  players 
through  the  rosy  mist.  And  the  harp 
seem^  to  be  the  same  which  is  immor- 
tatbed  In  the  old  ballad, — made  from  the 
breast-bone  of  a  woman ;  for  T  saw  the 
yellow  hair  gbsten  as  tliose  gentle  fingers 
caressed  it, 

"  A  IbmaijA  hvpirr  i«4e1iif  by^ 

BlMiioKe,  O  BlDjr^<rr1«t 
Tbe  sweet  f^k  flicfl  hu  chaaitred  ta  apf 

h3i&  Yf  lien  l3«  irnkftd  thnt  luly  cdi, 

filrttiorio,  O  BSDnorti^^ 
lift  Blgtaad  and  niade  «  hnrf  tnnaiif 

By  tbff  b«iii}7  mlli.dBai4  of  BlaDorla, 

He  miidA  A  fatrf}  ot  ber  breMt-boaoy 

BliiBurtc^  ^e 
Wbnsa  eotifidB  w^ld  tacit  a  beart  of  steii% 

&y  4hd  bc»DJ)jr^  &^, 

The  strtag*  ht  ftniawl  of  her  f^Uow  bafr, 
Bttinnrle^  Jfecv 

With  sttch  delight  the  momenta  paj^sefl, 
that  the  lotid  shoutR,  the  universal  clap- 
ping of  hands^  and  the  j^eneral  movement 
of  the  audience,  first  indicated  to  me  the 
close  of  the  concert,  I  did  not  applaud ; 
the  noisy  tribute  of  hands  and  feet  seem- 
ed a  most  unfit  manirestation.  I  remained 
6xed  upon  my  seat  while  the  fading  colors 
fluttered  through  tlic  lofty  roorn  and 
melted  in  the  cool  ashy  twilight  that 
came  in  at  the  upper  windows.  When 
the  musicians  had  all  gone^  when  Herr 
Regenbogen  had  picked  up  the  fragrant 
Bowers  that  were  now  incontestably  hfSj 
and  the  last  straggling  auditor  was  leav- 
ing \\\2  darkening  hall,  I  stepped  mto  the 
gtrcct,  alone  though  in  %  crowd^  atid  wDut 
to  my  fioUlary  rocmi. 


I8S4.] 


WALL^STREETi 


A     BAOIIDieirAOtAll     LOOK     AT    tX. 


A  n*mnff  «... 


U.I   niLllL 


"Hint  timn  %  A%w  \t  rth*  ftn.1  fljiwit 

Y*t  :      ■  ■    ■ 

T»" ■       ■  iiirtsfi. 

*  1  wv  vtur  ftiiY  ti««^  if  nt^  tt»«  •»«  «f  i  «tt7  wiJi  bat  on  vbleli  a  *GliiiDf;»  HM  Mum  <««•»    tlMmfe««l 

W^  «^«»  ftK***  ^  '  ^' b  iUl  thp  Vldliw  upon  ft  MliTkl'i  Jickat     finr.,  .t  ^ft 

IteA  tol  vnib  Qilr  'IndiHf  In  piivm^bouMa  iif  •tun# ;  fninii  i»«Tr.  .  1 1^ 

**  Tkt  JWiiwirplMiP  of  £4Atin 


NOT  WIT  i^thrffugh 

tlie  loti  I  little  ta 

■^  tforpTM*,  «ii  Uk'  iu>jli.i  i^f  Wnll-sir^t  I 
a^  t  oonlil  not  hc]|i  lo^jkitig  dbru£|i$ct^ 
Utf  9pQii  tli«  4ewM  ftfi'l  lit'«itj|<^tt  kit  c^n- 
emmmk  there.  Soiaoevli^r^  in  tho§o  yt^ar^ 
vkir^  lit  tMtWMn  tlrim(tiT«^  Atlalcsf^m^^ 
miA  mf  pmatnt  idirAtiPdcrl  ( ?)  pitriwl  of 
ttk^Mld  mh'~^-  *  ^""  ^ ^t-:iy*  rogartl  as 
IW  ItadcOr  ^  of  iriv  e3r[)0- 

nmm^Uffi^^ -^    •       '  tH  i«iw  mc^Jn 

fciBrid  tMMMA  la«L  ft  fk^kly  pecUmn 

if  lUi  Vpfy  Cfirtci.  «   A  nrl    Tirm-  iu»  I  i^tood 

ft««  mim  more.  »  b' '  OrmMJ^  I 

iPsUBOl  Wi  lb<^  t'  a  Bort  of 

bvw  It  lb*  tiiiM  «h«n  t  kboned  thcro 
villi  UMMMUfin  of  aUifltv.  old  a»d  youngs 
•omfuiljr  tCftlizttijC'  how*  itii'viuyy  i*ircn 
■v  boaitilt  <Mt  liid  coruc  U(idt?r  Urn 
thvine  iiyiiiietkifi  ihal  rnin  otily  "in  tho 
•wtttt  «»f  ui«  Iw^  i^ould  cjLt  1in?ii/l !  ^^  I  do 
•Ml  roin  til  xfty^  liy  tliiK^  ttint  1  wti<t  diA-^ 
MKd  lunemite  ftt  a  niUforiui)^'  whirh  IiJ^d 
lllitm  #o  ftil  iiMiiliitid  fthke.  On  the  ron- 
Inffft  I  wvt  prv^mtd  in  utrtigiHt*  as  Imrd 
M  41^  body]  <mljr  I  dn^A^li^l  inneli  this 
tmiC  oi>l%pKl  to  *^iire«t  my  h(>f^  afti  r  tl^o 
■■rtMlar  fiiiiiii«*r  r. f  W i it  c tree t.  Fo r  t^i 
El  luduittmitf  t]  Ui  \k  tto  IcMi 

^km  driiMUlch  ucie*K  iwtf  jnio 

iW  I|yc4«»l  I0««liw  Qi  Uii«  Ciirm*  i  ftod^  of 
OMEiw,  •»  deiilntnlrly  |Mittiti|c  ftll  th« 
ttoBf  faliz^  of  Uie  «uiii  in  Jeupudjr  ererj 

la*  WmU-AtrMt,  (hitf),  I  fnm-w<l  that  I 
sold  MB  th«  maJiidjntioii  rmttquirvt — while, 
•towhtry.  r  mrbf 

mmm  iit^^  y  m 

ad  waMlw!il  fU  fi^^fffod  cr^vck  ruiUog 
l»  wd  fti^  f  tlioajiliC  UmI  if  KT«r  ft  «iniB 
M  ill  uitXi  m%i»  ft  Itviof ,  breftihitig,  im* 
pgrnm  f«datj«  tkift  cmi   oirtetoljr  did 


there.  Tndeedlt  wns  no  rtiffic^uU  niatte^r 
t«  ima^De  Mammon  to  stand,  anud  those 
atony  purlaius,  like  an  iiirisiilblc  imskmi^s^ 
tcr,  drtTing  men  with  a  lash  of  terrifle 
excitements,  a$  if  tliey  were  but  quarry 
siavieit,  to  dig  and  dehe  far  away  from  the 
free  air  and  Kunshine  of  a  higher  lif«.  I 
rcmemiier  hoWj  eTcn  to  my  boyish  mind, 
tlus  slavery  to  the  infatuation  of  a«eutna- 
lating  wedth  seemed  almost  to  assume 
such  a  horrible  aspect  as  this.  It  really 
apfiearefi  usi  if  fomo  diabolical  power  hid 
li!t  loose  itR  mahi^aQt  inlSucnees  upon  th« 
itTX'i^t>  and  that  the  subtle  influx  had 
jjcnetrakMj  the  very  bouIs  of  men,  till  they 
all  Recmi'd  jionwssed  with  but  one  com- 
mon idl^^^  and  to  be  liFtng  under  formir 
live  principlcjt  wholly  adverse  to  tbo§e  of 
their  Dature^, 

Thtfi  m  iti  appetr  by  t»o  means  a  too  ford- 
ble  dp^rripiiori,  if  any  one  will  but  lake  into 
coti^deratioti  the  iiftture.s  of  these  itieo, 
white  yet  unstiphistJoatod— -when  their 
finrr  scndbibtiew^  punr  tfiHtea,  dt^eper  ffto- 
ultH'si,  ami  diviner  aptitudt  ^  hid  not  t»«giEll 
to  tak«  a  bwi?r  plaois,  Thrn  to  nee  tho 
great  XaUiral  (Jnler  of  God  det^ii^ning 
mati  for  one  direction^  and  An  arlifki^ 
■yiteiii  of  ihJDp  whtrliog  htm  ill  ftAQib«r| 
IS  ft  ikhi  curioiit  cfiougnT  And  wonderfiil 
enoupi  to  amaK4)  any  one  who  m  CApalilft 
of  bein|^  AmAsed  or  startlad  at  an^  tiling. 
I  prcMwiit  tlie  fact  jdmp}j  (n  a  phHo^phio 
lMt|  jretf  mt  1  write^  there  fathcm  aljio 
about  It  ft  aort  of  rrandeur  whiob  mi^i 
apnefti  even  to  the  ntghenl  po«tie  titiftft. 

I  mn  reootlect  ponderin;^  upon  ftil  thif 
then,  ftsd  bow  iieuiuoiis  the  whole  ph»> 
aotneoft  BMrmcdt  And  1  oan  remem* 
ber  wondering  too  (tiftUirally  enoughs  I 
think,)  how  I  oould  take  eare  of  my  lifo 
while  pur«uinf  the  perilling  prw^c^jt*  of 
gotting  ft  bving.    To  get  a  hving,  Axtd,  ftt 


9f 


A  Brohdignagiaii  Look  at   Wall*HrmL 


[July 


tbe  same  imk%  to  keep  th<}  nattre  ch«j«c> 
teristics  ofonra  life  intact-^her©  was  an 
fiicongTtwnn  enterprise  indeed  Tor  the  tne- 
T\^i%n  of  Wftll-slreet,  nnd  •  *  fancy '  wbieh 
its  titolid  btilJs  and  bc^ars  would  fail  to  fi«>e 
ibe  ralue  of. 

If  men  must  labor,  thought  Ij  bow 
much  better  to  lal>or  at  that  which  de- 
▼elope^l  their  mora!  and  Jnleilet^tunl  ca- 
pacities and  whiehf  at  tb«  same  Ittne^ 
brought  with  it  the  necessaries  of  life.  It 
appeared  a  feasible  plan,  and  indeed  a 
duty  J  for  fome  at  least,  thna  to  make  the 
support  of  exislencc  subsidiary  to  \U  entJ. 
Let  som<j  meuj  for  Jnfjtance^  derote  tbem- 
ftelv^  to  Science,  otberR  to  Art,  others  to 
tiiteratiireT  others  to  Philosophy,  for  what 
is  strongly  congenial  with  a  man  is  the 
Call  of  Nature  to  him,  and,  thereforCi 
most  littrally  his  proper  vocation. 

But  yet  I  knew  of  a  gander  direction 
Etill  which  a  mind  might  take  ;  for  in  il; 
flowed  the  uses  itnd  fa^scination  of  all  these, 
and  mtinitely  more  besides*  It  was j: rand, 
moreover,  because  it  called  into  being  the 
purest  energies  of  the  soul,  and  therefore 
drew  sublimely  near  the  great  original 
Vocation  of  the  whole  human  racje.  To 
be  sure  it  may  be  said  of  all  men  that 
they  are  required  to  follow  it,  and  to  sym- 

{mtiiize  earnest]}'  with  its  modes  of  un- 
bkling  their  inmost  being  ;  but,  strbtly 
speaking,  it  is  an  occup*itmi  only  to  that 
favoi'ed  few  who  would  devote  to  it  ex- 
clusively everj*  faculty  of  their  nature* 

Of  all  pursuits  this  was  to  mo  the 
most  glorious,  and,  while  (Standing  down 
lUDong  those  dingy  haunts  of  traffic,  it 
Mjcmed  a.^  if  I  bo  held  religion  afar  ojf, 
opening  wide  her  everlasting  ^Mt^R  as  into 
an  Elysium  of  Thought ;  and  I  knew  that 
within  its  meditative  walks,  wimiing  into 
mysteries?  deeper  than  any  labyrinth,  the 
clangor  anci  tumult  of  the  mercenaries 
around  me  were  never  heard.  For  re* 
ligion  then,  as  now,  appeared  to  mo  not  as 
the  ejtponent  only  of  a  single  fervor  of  the 
heart,  but  of  that  brood*  rich  conception 
of  life*  and  that  lofty  recognition  of  iti 
sui>ematural  circumstances,  without  which 
no  man  has  a  true  manhood  nor  even  com- 
mon sense.  But  it  is  not  my  object  now 
to  advocate  this  idea-  Suf^ee  it,  that  bnd 
only  literature  and  philo<iopliy  been  the 
aaehanted  garden  for  me,  I  should  have 
left  Wall-Mreet  just  as  1  did. 

Some  will  call  it  religion  that  drew  tho 
graphic  eontrast  of  the  natural  and  the 
artil^cial  before  my  mind — ^some  will  caII 
it  philosophy.  Be  that  as  it  may,  religion, 
in  itJ^  largest  sense,  has  always  appeared 
to  me  the  divinest  philossopby,  and  philos- 
ophy,  carried  out,  but  the  synonym  of  re- 


ligion* T!iey  both  call  upon  man  to 
maintain  his  manhood  by  giving  simplicity^ 
enmestnefis*  and  mentaf  dijinity  to  his  na- 
ture* They  both  require  the  clearest 
vision  of  the  true  state  of  things  on  earth, 
and  deruand  a  course  of  action  in  accord- 
ance with  it.  I  will  not,  even  at  the  Hsk 
of  digressing  too  far,  omit  thi-s  mimilon 
of  the  sublime  authority  to  which  1  w-as 
indebted  for  a  wi<^dom  that  is  s^metimea 
greater  in  children  than  in  men. 

Thus  with  new  purjioseH  did  I  prepare 
to  launch  agaiu  upon  the  sea  of  life — weU 
knowing  it  to  lie  not  altogether  a  coin- 
mprcial  sea^ — and  1  therefore  unworshippe4| 
the    gilded    machinery   of   finance,   and 
started   upon    the   voyage    of  endeavor 
without  a  curse  as  a  propeller ;  aud  al- 
though perhaps  progre?Ǥive  Yonng  The- 
ology, built  aAer  the  spirit  of  the  age,, 
may  run  the  risk  of  being  blown  about  by| 
every  ivind  of  doctrine,  yet  1  rely,  witJi 
out  much    fear,   ujjon    th»t   insipiratio 
which,  while  it  bloweth  where  it  lisleth,'^ 
one  cannot  tell  whence  it  cometh,  nor 
whither  it  goeth. 

But  my  metaphor  of  the  sea  has  car* 
ried  me  all  abroatl*     Not  six  jears  &ga  T 
bade  farewell  to  Wall -street,  and  saw  itl 
gatesv  not  rcry  heavenly,  and  yH  **i 
gglden   Mnges   turning,"  close  ujMin  m©  ' 
with  a  most  bona  ding  sense  of  relief     I 
was  out  of  prison.     What  a  field  of  effort 
was  before  me  !     Youth  must  be  spared 
its  ecstasies,  and  be  pardoned  for  them 
too.     How  liberal  was  to  be  the  occupa- 
tion of  my  future  life  I     To  acquire  know- 
ledge instead  of  wealth,  to  speculate  philo- 
soph  really,  and  not  financially,  to  t^pend 
my  lime  in  the  pui'suit  of  the  Giml,  lh^2 
Beautiful  and  the  True,  and  not  in  dealm^f 
with  Shylock,  depreciating  "  fancies  "  and 
detecting  counterfeits.     I  really  mu4t  be 
excused  if  I  grow  enthuisia^tic  ovir  tlie 
glory  of  my  expectations,  and  estimates  as 
beyond  all  money  and  all  price^  the  pro- 
perty in  which  1  have  invested  uij  liltlo 
all  of  head  and  heart-     Yetj  although  I 
will  not,  cannot,  put  it  up  to  dejiecration 
by  offering  it  for  sale,  most  gladly  will  L 
"share  and  share  ahke"  with  any  fredi 
and  natural  spirit,  all  the  first  fruits  of'' 
its    discovery    and    possession.      Mrut 
fruit i^ — for  these,  aa  yet,  are  all  that  I 
have  garnered — but  u>  have  gamcreil  uveil» 
these*  let  me  any,  confers  a  greater  title  toi 
this  ki^td  Estate  than  all  preliminary  talk 
and   chotrerlng  with    time   ftud    0[»por- 
tunity* 

Hcai  Estate  did  I  cdl  It  7    Yes,  well 
worthy  h  it  of  the  name.      Real  and 
idL^l,  all  in  one— no  les.^  than  the  i»roa4j 
domam  of  the  landlord  of  the  universe  < 


iaj(4.] 


fdifpia^ian  took  ai  TTflfi 


dRfffd  m  fief  for  ervr  to  tho  teniiro  ftf 

thr  t^^i '!««<.  RamUi  t^l  AS  the  sun 
which  «litn«!<i  Ofxititt;  r^l  wt  tb«  iritij 
imflofWiNi  ivhii!h  iseeiKl  froin  t*artb'»  ixn* 


w9«Ia;  cii  irhu-  tbo  idmi 

fkn**  of  IMtlirr  ^   »riii  ^vi;.i^  relUrflS   ftfO 

dtt«ni  mad  raoniag  wnr* 

I  liavt  olk»fi  bm  at  «  Ion  hr  foroe  il- 
liairfttkMit  no  riii«)!r  ilrju^rtptire  that  t 

Ml»  ai  to  bare  (mt  oocht  Uj  mc  thu  other 
4^,  dnrms  1117  Aocitktital  visitt  Thu 
ilturtnlTfr  ****  <^  i^tnkniK,  iinri  all  Uk* 

frlMi  f  nM^t  c  JDddent,  tbat  1 

ahal!  -1^  '    K^  ti2k<:K  n|*aTi  tbat  oontt'in-^ 

fftati^  tti  pceulkr  plaamra, 

A»  ■  >i^>«i  Ktood  tbcta  ami  lookt^d 
■iwiail  flit^  t  fell  the  aattie  mlluenrc  tipm 
■y  iiMiHiii  '  '  ^*H«*?li  1  hati  ft  It  vcjvis 
ifii^  when  >  I  llw  raagnituifc.  al- 

my     ,  i>  intareatM^   so  Htl/ 

b/  l4io*c  ornate  mtiJ  mas- 
I  ervcrleilf  if  tit>i  (.ixactly  liko 
*  iintwr  of  B«Ul  to  rc*ch  hf*ft  li,  cbt- 
>  I0  orerfmdi  ^arth.     Ami  bero  t<>0 
'f  tiM  btttldera  Ihcrmf  lym  Wlixin^  a 
ity  of  upgrmtioM  bj  m  totirtHtt>n  of 
twa kitty  in   rudely    uiwn   the 
I  of  bla,  bvarbke,  tram  pi  in  jc  dovrti 
aObcltiMM^  and,  bul{4]kef  i'J!«.sing 
lia  baaer  txaadoamttL    \v%.  bcrc  I  5a w 
iMikkfa  tbmrtoi.  "mi^^  ■  f 

SBft  aC  renown/'  who,  iak 
Hamkft  fbr  tbo  mormu, 
blilb  apM  tbia  moikni  Shiiiar  n  n-hif^'.: 

wHk  tbo  tofcltttrion^  tha  diaJteto  of  Om 

||«l,  oaa  Hop  ooi  of  W  md  I 

I  ol  tbo  boac  of  a  i<»  ^  uti- 

iiboiiQioiitbobaiiluof  iU  l^i^^'  <:  ii-  - 

]  oloft  tbo  foldofi  iovpirt)  oi  tin    ' : 

t  and  poltitMl  i&  an  AMyJuui  tiul  wilh 

iblo  by  human   i*!iurc  rnkm^t^     1 

I  «p  no  ap^rml  Ptu  I  ijt  a  fuw 

I  akiod  opon  i>  lo  nf  tbo 

and  whol  a  l^^lilJlg«.^  wt%  h4*rt;t 

to  now  aopooi  bad  cMvty  Wxin^  r^ 

1 1    All  amwl  mm  I  beheld  ib^  nn* 

dip  of  tha  liiiri^u^     I'h^  in- 

I  obtffo  my  bm^l   utkI   tun  Kutt 

L  froio  Ita  Xiki/f  tf  ,  I  ifftr 

Four  cftiet  Ift^  it  to- 

I  mttf  owl  tbMT  nch  arctsm' 

r  oi  bill  md  dolo  tMMd  to^  abriiik 


fft>m  before  thdr  hot  and  dinffr  con- 

Wall-j^tfeet  lay  stTrlrb<?d  out  from  my 
tery  feet  bke  a  Moiiy  dvfllo  !o  tbe  rlvar^ 
atnl  thcr^  1  fttowl  fifty  tiTrti-s  ljillc?r  than 
li»y  fetlovr-iuL'ri  within  it.  To  all  mienis 
and  pufpom^s  I  vni*  a  CoIdssijh,  Had  my 
lonn  h^  in  the  pTtjpfirtif>n  t^f  my  visioti, 
lik«  th<»  imafTi?  nt  IthmJe*,  I  **ould  havn 
crossed  th^  Narrows?  at  a  istrtclo^  and  had 
wbrile  navies  ri<lii  lK'tm*L-ii  my  feet,  A» 
I  looked  clown  upon  the  pinci?  whkh  I 
haii  bi»t  jiist  *]tnltod,  t  SPcmH  to  ,'iIIei;or- 
kc  the  ^itiflR"trn;f  stfik'S  my  miml  baij  bwn 
in  a  fctr  years  kwfnn*.  Just  now.  as  then, 
I  had  been  oTprHbndowwl  by  lln  Btrip<?n- 
doti?*  reality^  and  npiirJy  ovt^roomo  hj  its 
magnitlwnt  appcjil  to  thi*  jjopulur  notion 
of  glory  and  imfjortunw.  Juhi  now,  bg 
thL'o,  1  had  >jej^tni  to  doubt  vrhplber  I 
ciMild  be  neht  in  the  thtwry  of  ]ir«  I 
cheriMbefl,  wmn  I  wivr  thousands  of  tjet- 
tiif  judgment  than  1^  piittinj.'  to  tb-i  most 
practical  t*?st  a  ih«?ory  wbic^h  I  dw'iupd  al- 
together ootmteritfti  sjtd  worthlo^ss.  Whero 
I  now  atood  I  could  repeat  lb*?  B*yingj 
with  absiolnti?  ©onrit^ion  of  it*  truth, 
*'  Wbat  ghadowEt  w«  an*,  and  what  abad* 
ows  we  piir*u«.^* — biit.  wbik*  down  thoro 
the  granite  Kst^han^,  de««jiil4s  of  mo,  * 
would  loom,  out  tbo  tnom  wubatantial 
ftlwMlow  I  evi*r  saw  ;  the  ('tn?tocn-huu«o  of 
theso  United  Staleii  would  not  imitato  ita 
model,  tbe  ancient  Parthonon,  ho  far  aA  to 
critmbie  into  ruin» ;  t)ie  benw  rowa  of 
Institutioas  cortmrntc  mid  rock-ribUiM!, 
Tcfu'^c]  to  ahake  aod  I  urn  bit}  bc^forc  thrir 
time ;  nor  would  the  ^'bMt^»niTis  fortune^  of 
the  rich,  like  the  g;^llt>n  raiua  in  tha 
Arabian  lalo.  appol  their  owners  by  turn* 
11 1^  uito  loav(«s» 

So  it  wms,  I  rwilly  found  itdifflcnU  to 
fiumuion  im  pudc  nee  *  r  noil  jjjh  to  faco  out 
juy  own  matuTed  convjntkm.*^  bcfoitj  fiueh 
an  army  of  logic  m  il«  (.H>rporat^  and 
srehit«ctiiral  cogency |  and,  ni  tho  same 
ttmt%  keep  the  pmpe  witb  niysi^lf  tor  not 
l^mg  ■  mofkftt  man*  But  op  tht*re  in  th* 
iLpire  of  'rrinttyf  tfio  aSfK'ct  of  it  jUl  was 
alti-ri'^l,  and  I  now>itood  U|Mitj  my  vantago* 
1; round,  and  conid  ^in  the  ^^^n^^en  rountl 
U*  my  side  of  ibe  argument.  Ah  I  lookrnl 
tifHYn  thoH^  citrea  lying  Uclow^  in  the  dim 
diMtamWf  like  nnidcilfi  of  wmid  madu 
strangely  aoeura^  how  every  ihn%^  in 
be:ivt'n  and  eirtb  aeofned  to  Awcume  tbdr 
r«.'lative  eonmN|l2«noe  I  How  dwindliHl  tn 
not  long  wero  fditboa  and  tiuui  In  the 
fomiihcjrtanyig  porapeciito  of  a  Tcrtical 
gin ore  I 

I  bad  around  mo  tlio  natural  and  Iba 
artiDcial ;  but  JuM  bonaath  taa  ^  no- 
tunl  bod  beon  aefMilofafod  bf  tbo  orti* 


34 


A  Brchdignagian  Look  at  Wails freeL 


[July 


ficial.  Not  a  "  green  thing  ^  was  to  bo 
seen  ;  all  was  entombed  beneath  slabs  of 
Ktone,  and  the  weight  of  vaulted  struc- 
tures. But  over  that  level  floor,  and  clus- 
tering ai-ound  those  piles  of  masonry,  were 
*' creeping  things  innumerable,"  yea.  shoals 
of  human  beings  scarwly  more  than  a  span 
long,  blackening  the  pavement  like  ants 
in  the  sunshine,  running  in  an«l  out  among 
the  openings  of  that  stonework,  and 
swarming  like  bees  at  the  corners  thereof. 

There  it  all  was:  the  miniature  of 
houses  and  the  abbreviature  of  men. 
The  puny  dray-lwrse  dragged  along  pain- 
fully his  tiny  load ;  the  toy  carriage  rolled 
in  Liliputian  stateliness  for  its  pulfed-up 
pigmy  owner;  the  noisy  little  stage  trun- 
dled with  its  ••  twelve  inside  "  over  a  pave- 
ment as  smooth  as  an  oil-cloth  ;  and,  dot- 
ting all  o'er  this  "  gray  and  melancholy 
waste,"  were  crowds  of  busy  men,  and 
bo3'S,  that  busy  undergrowtli,  creeping 
swiftly  from  the  tables  of  the  money- 
changers to  the  scats  of  them  who  sold 
stocks.  It  was  a  curious  sight  to  behold 
— the  Wall-street  of  Lilfput,  and  more 
still  for  me,  when  probably  with  some- 
thing of  the  same  feeling  as  Gulliver  after 
he  was  let  loose,  I  marvelled  greatly 
how  I  could  really  have  been  tied  down 
there  by  any  complication  of  interests  so 
slender,  and  how  the  very  hairs  of  my 
head  should  have  been  numbered,  and 
confined  by  no  weightier  matters  than 
dollars  and  cents. 

But  think  not^that  it  was  only  a  whim- 
sical conceit  that  made  me  a  Gulliver, 
standing  up  there  and  confounding  ray 
personality  with  two  hundred  and  eighty 
feet  of  Gothic  architecture.  My  physical 
altitude  was  all  factitious  I'll  admit ;  but 
I  will  never  cease*  to  assert  the  moral 
proportion  to  the  scene  below,  of  which 
I.  or  any  one  else,  might  have  stood  the 
representative.  On  an  allegory,  there- 
fore, did  I  base  all  my  pretensions  to  the 
colossal.  Beneath  the  outlines  of  that 
sacred  tower  I  found  it  easy  to  fill  out  tho 
mental  and  moral  stature  of  a  man  ;  and, 
in  the  belittled  shapes  of  fussy  life  below, 
to  symbolize  the  comparative  magnitude 
of  operations,  only  apparently  large. 

I  did  no  more  than  this,  then.  I  tried 
to  imagine  myself  in  some  sort  of  propor- 
tion with  the  gigantic  theory  u|)on  which 
man  was  formed  by  his  Creator,  and  after 
the  measure  of  tho  stature  of  the  fulness 
of  Christian  common  sense,  to  look  out 
upon  life  iu  its  greatness,  and  in  its  little^ 
ncss. 

From  such  a  height  I  saw  life  in  its 
greatness,  stretching  away,  like  some  Tast 
Bcenery,  till  its  background  was  lost  be- 


hind the  stars.  T  could  hear  the  deep 
melodies  of  that  immensity  rolling  heavily 
along  its  m3'Stic  distances,  and  tlirobbing 
\x\\OTi  the  very  air  1  breathed.  The  wholo 
atmosphere  appeared  changed  with  a 
mighty  response  to  an  invisible  existence 
beyond.  The  very  planet  itself,  as  if  in- 
stinct with  a  consciousness  of  infinite 
emotion,  seemed  to  career  beneath  me 
like  a  steed.  I  saw  immortals,  bom  of 
mystery,  move  on  mysteriously,  and 
ascend  to  greater  mystery  still.  I  saw 
every  plunge  of  a  new  life  into  the  world 
to  be  the  signal  for  eternal  relations  to 
form,  n;id  circle  away  from  each  man, 
like  rippling  zones  upon  an  illimitable  sea. 

And  when  I  drew  nearer,  and  looked 
within  this  august  life,  its  glory  swelled 
out  even  its  minutia?  into  magniticence. 
I  saw  affections,  which^  developed,  would 
have  girdled  the  globe  with  a  millennium. 
I  saw  powers  to  which  only  an  outraged, 
law  and  not  the  Almighty  had  said — 
*'  Thus  far  shalt  thou  go,  and  no  farther." 
I  saw  no  less  than  the  tides  of  the  eternal 
deep  surging  unperceived  beneath  every 
soul,  as  the  oceun  roars,  unheard,  along 
the  undiscovered  archways  of  tho  earth. 
Thus  did  I  behold  a  divinity  stirring 
through,  and  energizing  all  things ;  and 
subtle,  secret  and  sacred  agencies  perva-  . 
ding  the  whole  sphere  of  human  existence. 
Such  was  its  scenery. 

I  glanced  from  this  upon  the  plateau 
of  Wall-street,  and  estimated  in  its  turn 
that  little  struggle  and  pigmy  endeavor. 
The  crowds  ebbed  and  flowed  with  the 
fluctuations  of  the  market  In  the  dwarf- 
ish pursuit  one  man  looked  like  every 
other  man.  At  that  distance  I'  saw  not 
tho  wrinkle  ofcare,  nor  the  exulting  mien 
of  triumphant  recklessness.  I  detected 
not  the  cheat  in  his  nefarious  attempt: 
nor  appreciated  the  honesty  that  would 
not  lend  ui)on  usury.  All  was  monoto- 
nous similarity,  and  suggestive  of  but  ono 
idea,  that  there  the  better  nature  of  man 
had  but  a  stinted  giowth.  raising  its 
bloomless  head  amid  the  sterile  influences 
of  the  market-place ;  whore  the  light  of 
Divinity  could  no  more  awaken  its  gran- 
der syiupathiea,  than  the  pattering  rain, 
or  the  blessed  sun  could  fertilize  the 
earth  whilst  those  ponderous  buildings 
did  crowd  upon  it  There  I  saw  man  a  de- 
faulter to  his  nobler  impulses  and  desires  ; 
actuated  by  no  more  than  the  instinct  of 
the  bee  or  the  ant  to  hoard  up  additions 
to  his  substance ;  and,  like  the  little  dwel- 
ler of  the  molehill,  blind  to  the  greatness 
of  any  thing  which  transcended  Uie  minor 
interests  of  his  state. 

So  did  I  seeilliistrated  one  of  the  moK 


18G4.] 


St.  Anthony's  Fall. 


85 


mdmncholr  f  icU  of  oar  condition.  The 
Mvrssity  of  man  compels  him  to  labor, 
•nd  then  its  fruits  become  the  only 
tourers  of  his  happiness.  ThiLS  does  his 
natniw  swathed  in  infancy  by  the  ban- 
daprs  of  an  habitual  rontim*,  grow  not  into 
the  natural  stature  of  a  man — belittleil  by 
bcin:  eivrn  to  little  thinjrs — strong  only 
Ri  tfie  ratio  of  its  petty  obslarles.  and 
dra-li>lily  content  with  the  cramped  fc- 
ijrij^  i>f  a  moneyed  life. 

Ra^h  on  th?n,  thou  moral  Liliput! 
Whirl  on  with  puny  violence,  thou  micro- 
CTKin  of  abbri'viatcil  men  !  an<l  let  the 
httle  eddvin?  of  gains  and  losses  agitato 
joor  dwindled  hearts  as  if  it  were  a 
whirlpool  of  annihilation.  Live,  act,  suffer, 
die.  under  the  contractility  of  your  selilsh 
eoK^tions — only  hope  for  as  shrunken 
a  dr<tiny  )K*reafter,  as  the  preparati(m  for 
It  has  lieen  srantlmg.  A  fell  spirit  has 
joa  in  his  power ;  and  Mammon,  like  a 
wianl.  has  wuve<l  his  wnnd  over  you, 
aa-1  d(H>me<l  you  alike  to  littleness  and 
nron*<ni»u-ncc  I 

In  nading  what  I  have  now  written, 
Home  one  may  .<ay  that  I  have  confounded 
the  coo«l  witli  the  evil  in  this  unqualified 
deotiDfiation  ;  and  that  unlike  my  proto- 
trpe.  Quinbus  Fle.strin,  the  man-moun- 
lim.  I  have  not  in  my  perambulations 
over  t>its  moral  Liliput,  taken  any  precau- 
tion a>i<int  my  skirts  ;  and  therefore,  with 
taariv  a  frail  ab<unlity  which  I  may  have 
iaiirpclly  knu<ke<l  in  pieces,  and  many  a 
hamSug  which  my  unwary  gait  has 
<Tu»h'.d.  I  have  also  passed  too  swceping- 
ly  oT«*r  fxilMtr  itself,  and  so  tarnished  the 
pViry  of  coniinerce.  and  shaken  the  real 
masTiiti.'r-n'x*  of  its  results,  (hkmI  friend  1 
anv  aTiiivmt  of  moral  altitude  will  never 
k'^j^n  the  n'>bility  of  lal>or,  when  it  is  the 
as^ij!  «»f  pr>irrt>s,  and  the  riiiht  hand  of 
U:.' rii-t-m-e.  It  is  only  individuals,  and 
t>jr  T«-iidc-ncy  in  earh  indivi<lu:il  to  contract 
h.m*«-;f  to  one  i^k-a.  that  1  have  sought  to 

And  yet  I  am  far  from  being  unaware 


that  there  are  very  many  doing  bii'siness 
in  Wall-street,  who.  in  their  inmost  hearts 
feel  a  contempt  for  its  sordid  dreams,  and 
lament  that  dire  necessity  <lrives  them 
into  bondage.  Honor  be  to  them  all ! 
But  nevertheless,  let  them  not  inordinate- 
ly magnify  themselves,  lH?cflnso  their 
hearts  are  lifted  higher  than  their  head.s. 
Everyone  knows  that  to  succeed  at  all  in 
any  pursuit,  an  attention  mu>t  be  paid  to 
it  which  is  exclusive  of  every  thing  else 
for  the  time  being.  And  so  down  there, 
all  higher  considerations  nmst  suffer  an 
wlipse  during  the  transit  of  the  bank 
hours.  It  matters  not  then  how  a  man 
feels  before  an<l  after  these  moments  of 
a  circumscribed  consciousness,  it  is  a  f:vct 
very  plainly  discernible,  that  the  tem- 
porary inconvenience  of  having  this  lili- 
putian  soul  must  Ixj  submitted  to,  before 
he  can  thread  his  way  with  any  dexterity 
among  the  low-arche<l  intricacies  of  trade. 
It  is  a  fanciful  idea  that  occurs  to  me  ; 
but  as  it  seems  altogether  ortho^iox,  I  will 
suggest  it  b^  way  of  obviating  all  difti- 
cultics  of  this  double  dealing  with  one's 
self.  To  a  man,  urged  by  nee<l  and  not 
by  greed,  into  the  commercial  districts,  I 
say :  "  (jo  to  now.  Take  upon  thyself 
this  small  degree  by  a  sort  of  voluntary 
metamorphosis.  Anticipate  the  kindly 
offices  of  the  Devil,  by  calling  \\\yon  thy 
better  genius  only,  to  change  thee  for  the 
nonce  into  the  epitome  of  thy  former  self. 
Having  by  this  procedure  'dwindled  by 
degrees  and  grown  beautifully  less,'  de- 
vote to  thy  business  all  that  is  left  of 
thee.  viz. — an  insignificance,  only  facti- 
tiously concealed.  But  when  the  friendly 
enchantment  hath  endcil  with  the  going 
down  of  the  sun,  step  thee  out  of  the 
magic  circle  and  wend  thy  way  home- 
ward, dilating  mnjestieally  out  of  thy 
metempsychosis  into  the  rarer  atmos- 
phere of  thy  more  natural  humanity. 
Then  mayest  thou  rejoice  as  a  giant  to 
run  thv  course." 


ST.    AN'TIIONY'.S    FALL. 


ALT^  ye  exrursionists  ^romg  to  s^o 
Tlie  Falls  of  good  St.  Ai.tljony, 
How  many  falls  pray  ha  1  he  ? 
Aak  biro  please  one  thing  to  tell, 
By  what  temptation  first  he  fell. 


36 


Polj 


PICOMEGAK. 

9tar«  of  pM  tb«  tereerunrmrd  frelUc^ 
QtfOiatt*  Uie  thicket  nettinc 
SilTrfy  mo«  bm  locks  downJettf  ag; 

Like  »  maid*^  brave ! 
Amnrhead  bts  dark  tl%i;  wettfnf 

la  thy  darko-  irave. 

BY  the  rirer's  broken  border 
Wading  throngh  the  ferns. 
When  a  darker  deep^  and  broader 

Fills  its  bays  and  turns ; 
Up  along  the  winding  ridges. 

Down  the  siidden-drop^  descent ; 
Roonding  pools  with  reedy  edges 

Silent  coves  in  alders  pent 
Through  the  riFer-fiigs  and  sedges 

Dreamily  I  went 

Dreamily,  for  perfect  summer 

Hushed  the  Tales  with  misty  heat. 
In  the  wood,  a  drowsy  drummer 

The  woodpecker  faintly  beat ; 
Songs  were  silent,  save  the  voices 

Of  the  mountain  and  the  flood, 
Save  the  wisdom  of  the  voices 

Only  known  in  solitude ; 
But  to  me — a  lonely  liver, 

All  that  lading  afternoon 
From  the  undennining  river 

Came  a  burthen  in  its  tune : 
Came  a  tone  my  ear  remembers, 

And  I  said,  what  is' t  thee  grieves  ? 
Pacing  through  thy  leafy  chambers^ 

And  thy  voice  of  rest  bereaves  1 
Winds  of  change,  that  wail  and  bluster 

Sunless  moms,  and  shivering  eves^ 
Carry  sweets  to  thee  belonging 

AU  of  Ught  thy  rim  receives : 
River  growths  that  fold  and  cluster 

Following  where  the  waters  lead, 
Bunches  of  the  purple  aster, 

Mints,  and  blood-dropt  jewd  weed, 
Like  oamclians  hanging 

Mid  their  pale  green  leaves ; 
Wherefore  then,  with  sunlight  heaping 

Perfect  joy  and  promised  good. 
When  thy  flow  should  pulse  in  keeping 

With  the  beating  of  the  blood  ; 
Through  thy  dim  green  shadows  sweeping, 
When  the  folded  heart  is  sleeping, 

Dost  thou  mourn  and  brood ! 
Wider,  wilder  round  the  headland 

Black  the  river  swung. 
Over  skirt,  and  hanging  woodland, 
'  Deeper  stillness  hung ; 
As  once  more  I  stood,  a  dreamer 

The  waste  weeds  among ; 
Doabt,  and  pain,  and  grief  eztremer 

Soemed  to  fiule  awmj, 
Bat  *  dim  Toluptoous  wanom 
Smoti^  Mid  thnlkd  my  fi«gr  ttMnP, 

^ ^Ofw  bend  tad' bigrs 


IftM.]  TorkUnpn  in  1854.  Zf 

Spying  thou,  0  mournful  River ! 

As  of  old  dost  wind  and  waste ; 
Falling  down  the  rock  for  ever, 

Rustling  with  a  sound,  of  haste 
Through  the  dry-fringed  meadow  bottom  ; 

But  my  hands  along  thy  bed 
Gather  now  no  gems  of  autumn, 

Or  the  dainties  summer  shed  ; 
By  the  margin  hoarsely  flowing, 

Yellow  dock,  and  garget  growing, 
Drifts  of  wreck,  and  miry  stain, 

By  river-wash,  and  dregs  of  rain. 
Yet,  though  bound  in  desolation, 

Bound  and  locked,  thy  waters  pour 
With  a  cry  of  exultation, 

Uncontained  by  shore  and  shore ; 
With  a  measured  deep  vibration, 

In  its  wind  my  cheek  is  wet, 
But  unheeding  woe  or  warning, 

Thou,  through  all  the  barren  hours 

Seems  to  sing  of  summer  yet ; 
Tliou  with  voice  all  sorrow  scorning 

Babblest  on  of  leaves  and  flowers 
Wearily,  whilst  I  go  mourning 

O'er  thy  fallen  iSinks  and  bowers. 
But  a  faith  thy  music  teaches 

Might  I  to  its  import  climb. 
Still  the  yearning  heart  beseeches 

Truth :  as  when  in  summer  time 
Through  these  dells  I  vaguely  sought  her 

In  the  dreamy  summer  time. 
So  the  margin-paths  and  reaches 

Once  again  I  left  to  roam, 
Left  U'hind  the  roaring  water, 

Eddy-knots  and  clots  of  foam  ; 
But  it  still  distuibwl  nie  ever, 

As  a  dream  no  reason  yields, 
From  the  ruin  of  the  river 

Winding  up  through  empty  fields, 
That  I  could  not  gather  something 

Of  the  meaning  and  belief 
In  the  voice  of  its  triumphing, 

Or  the  wisdom  of  its  grief 


^V 


YORKTOWN    IN    1854. 

'II  AT  York  town  was  three  quarters  both  before  and  since,  where  the  loss  of 

of  a  century  ai^o,  few  are  alive  to  life  has  l>ecn  much  more  fearful,  and  from 

I  ;i ;  but  to  see  it  now,  a  quiet,  unobtru-  which  imiwrtant  results  have  followed  ; 

*:fi;  little  town,  of  between  twenty  and  but  these  have  Ijeen  confined  principally 

liiirty  bouM->  half  of  them  uninhabited,  to  the  belligerent  parties :  no  effect  has 

"ariih  the  ruin4  of  tenements  destroyed  du-  ensued,  which  is  to  leave  its  impress  upon 

najE  CoriiWallLs's  siege,  meeting  you  at  mankind  for  all  time  to  come.     Not  so  at 

turn,  one  can  scarcely  reali/AJ  that  Yorktowu ;    when  Cornwallis'  s'gnature 


it  va«  oiKX  tlie  scene  of  a  contest  more  to  the  articles  of  capitulation  was  extorted 

pQfftc&tfcMU  to  the  welfare  of  the  human  from  him,  he  virtually  became  an  unwil- 

raortlMn  soy  that  has  occurred  since  the  ling,  but,  nevertheless,  a  subscribing  wit- 

of  the  Christian  era.    It  Ls  true,  noss  to  the  birth  of  this  vast  empire :  the 

battles  hnvo  boea  fought,  treaty  of  peace  which  followed,  two  years 


38 


Yorkioum  in  1854. 


[July* 


afterwards,  was  a  mere  diplomatic  for-' 
malit}'.  With  the  termination  of  the 
8icge  at  York  town,  all  hostilities  ceased, 
and  peace  practically  prevailed.  "What 
the  destiny,  and  what  the  mission  of  this 
republic,  are  questions  which  the  result 
at  Yorktown  jwrmits  us  not  only  to  ask, 
but  to  attempt  to  solve ;  but  for  it  the 
grand,  at  the  same  time  moral  experiment 
of  man's  capacity  for  self-government, 
would  have  been  still  in  abeyance,  and 
when  it  would  have  been  tried,  could  only 
be  known  to  a  superior  and  controlling 
power.  The  la.st  obstacle  to  this  experi- 
ment, in  the  then  thirteen  colonies,  was 
the  remnant  of  a  British  army,  entrenched 
in  1781  on  the  banks  of  York  Iliver: 
when  that  army  was  captured,  the  inhab- 
itants of  a  large  jwrtion  of  this  continent 
became,  as  far  as  human  beings  may,  the 
masters  of  their  own  destiny  ;  and  from 
that  day  to  this,  they  have  been  engaged 
in  giving  ellect  to  political  opinions  which 
liad  hitherto  V.tcen  regarded  as  visionary 
and  impracticable.  Thus  much  for  the 
result  of  the  siege.  AVe  will  now  gimce 
at  the  siege  itself,  and  at  tlie  place  where 
it  occun*e(l. 

Near  the  commencement  of  the  present 
year,  a  party,  including  the  writer,  em- 
barked near  the  close  of  the  day  at  Balti- 
more, on  board  of  the  little  steamer  Mon- 
mouth, bound  up  York  River,  touching  at 
several  intermediate  landings.  The  next 
day,  about  sunset,  we  came  in  sight  of 
what  now  remains  of  Yorktown.  It  is 
very  pleasantly  situated  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  river,  on  the  brow  of  a  hill, 
whence  you  have  a  view  extending  into 
the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  reaching  almo;;t 
to  the  Virginia  capes.  The  town  has  a 
fine  harbor,  and  formerly  enjoyed  quite  a 
valuable  ^^  est  Indian  trade ;  but  this  is 
now  all  gone.  Like  most  other  southern 
villages,  it  is  a  dull,  silent  and  monotonous 
place ;  and  it  requires  no  little  effort  of 
the  imagination  to  repcoplo  the  hills  and 
fields  and  waters  of  the  present  day,  with 
that  grim  throng  of  stem  and  busy  men 
which  seventy-three  vears  ago  met  here 
in  deadly  conflict  If  one  felt  disi)osed 
to  experiment  upon  the  nerves  of  the  in- 
habitants of  a  quiet  and  unsuspecting 
little  hamlet,  by  the  sudden  explosion  of 
a  rocket  or  a  musket,  a  more  fitting  place 
than  Yorktown  could  not  be  found  this 
cide  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  and  if,  before 
Comwallis  in  1781  marched  iiito  the 
place  with  his  eight  thousand  British 
troops,  with  their  long  trains  of  artillery, 
ammunitioo  and  bi^gage-wagons,  tho 
town  was  as  inoffensive  and  qniet  as  it 
appears  now— the  inhabitants  of  that  daj 


must  have  been  abont  as  much  astonished 
at  the  English  general's  approach,  as  if  he 
and  his  men  had  arisen  from  the  oyster- 
beds  of  the  river. 

Those  conversant  wnth  our  revolution- 
ary history,  will  recollect,  that  the  cam- 
paign of  1781  was  opened  by  CornwaHis 
in  the  South ;  that  Sir  Ili-nry  Clinton, 
tlic  previous  year,  in  his  descent  n})on 
Charleston,  had  divided  his  forces :  leav- 
ing a  considerable  portion  of  them  under 
Comwallis.  to  ojKjrate  in  the  Southern 
colonies,  while  the  commander-in-chief, 
with  the  others  retumed  to  head-quar- 
ters. New  York.  This  movement  otlered 
an  advantage  which  could  not  f'S»\ipe  the 
quick  military  perceptions  of  AVusliing- 
ton ;  who,  early  in  Alay,  1781,  commenc- 
ed concentrating  his  forces  near  New 
York,  for  the  double  purpose  of  prevent- 
ing Sir  Henry  Clinton  from  despatching 
reinforcements  to  the  relief  of  his  subor- 
dinate in  the  South,  and  at  the  ^ame  time, 
of  blinding  him  as  to  his  real  intentions. 
The  investment  of  New  York  required  a 
large  force  and  heavy  siege-trains ;  these 
were  all  provided,  and  tho  feint  was  per- 
fect. 

In  the  me.an  time,  Comwallis  and 
Greene  had  met  at  Guilford  Court-house, 
where  the  British  commander  had  receiv- 
ed a  check.  Tarloton  had  been  cut  to 
pieces  at  the  Cow-pens;  and  Lafayette, 
with  three  thousand  men.  was  in  Virgi- 
nia, and  of  course  between  the  royal  anny 
and  New  York;  and  as  Comwallis  left 
the  country  he  had  oyerrun.  Greene  st<xxl 
ready  to  occupy  it ;  so  that  the  British 
commander  was  only  sure  of  the  ground 
on  which  he  was,  for  the  time  being,  en- 
camped. The  Americans  were  not  in 
sufficient  force  to  offer  him  frequent  bat- 
tle ;  but  tlicy  adopted  the  more  prudent 
alternative,  of  hanging  on  his  fianks  and 
rear,  and  crijjpling  him  on  every  oppor- 
tunity. Under  these  circumstances  Com- 
wallis, with  a  view  of  placing  himself 
nearer  his  resources,  commenced  his  march 
northward.  Lafayette,  however,  with  his 
command,  which  had  been  reinforced, 
and  which  was  now  in  a  fegion  where  it 
could  receive  accessions,  as  they  were  re- 
quired, blocked  his  road ;  and  the  Eng- 
lish general  found  himself  so  straitened], 
that  he  was  compelled  to  make  urgent 
appeals  to  Sir  Henry  Cluiton,  for  rein- 
forcements ;  but  Sir  Ilenry  deemed  Wm- 
self  so  seriously  threatened  by  Washmg- 
ton,  that  he  dared  not  spare  a  man ;  but 
in  reply,  directed  Comwallis  to  take  up  a 
position  on  the  seaboard,  fortify  himself, 
and  await  reinforcements.  In  obedienoe 
to  this  order,  Yorktown  was  the  place 


1854.] 


Torktown  in  1854. 


80 


Klecicd.  The  spot  w»8  a  judicious  posi- 
tion for  the  pur))ose  of  carry inp  out  the 
onlers  of  the  commander-in-chief;  but 
the  Terv  reverse,  for  holding  in  check,  an 
*!Tancinjr  hostile  force ;  a  contingency 
which  the  English  general  seems  never  to 
Kave  contemplated.  It  proved  a  trap  to 
roTOwallis,  from  which  no  ingenuity  of 
h:s  could  save  him.  It  was  now  that  the 
masterly  tactics  of  Washington  began  to 
derolr-pe  themselves;  lie  had  no  sooner 
Kwi  Cumwallis  in  i>osition  at  Yorktown, 
tlian.  under  various  pretexts,  he  commenc- 
ed priparing  at  the  head  of  ChesajKiako 
Bay  a  large  number  of  transports ;  and 
kee{.in^  up  the  show  of  a  siege  on  New 
York,  he  set  aY>out  quietly  sending  off 
dttachnients  through  New  Jersey,  at  the 
same  time  so  di>{)Osiiig  of  them  as  to  con- 
tinue the  threat  on  New  York,  until  near 
t1;e  rnd  of  July,  when  every  thing  being 
I'l  neadines.';.  he  suddenh*  concentrated  his 
f  jrcc.«  at  Philadelphia,  made  rapid  marches 
towanis  his  transports,  and  having  reach- 
ed lh«in  was  well  on  his  way  to  attack 
r.,niwa!Iis.  Iiefore  the  English commander- 
inchkf  had  the  least  suspicion  of  his  dc- 
».-cn.  F««r  the  pur|)Ose  of  comprehending 
the  >a;nrity  and  beauty  of  this  movement," 
the  n  ader  would  do  well  to  take  the  map^ 
aad  tr.itv  the  course  of  Washington  down 
tV  </h'  ^jieake  Bay  into  Jamos  River, 
an!  i:p  tlinl  rivt-r  to  Wiliiam>burg,  twen- 
ty-ii\f  nj:les  from  Yorktown.  and  see 
l.ow  flT«rtiial]y  he  plared  hiu)>elf  in  Corn- 
wa!!'--'^  rear.  In  |>a.«i>iujr.  it  is  as  well  to 
«y.  t'  at  it  wa<?  tlu'so  combinations  and 
m  ViTii'-'.t-.  which  placed  Washington 
am  Tij  t'.e  very  ab!e?t  military  command- 
IT<  if  tiiv  .i;:e. 

ihi  tr.e  27th  S.'pt..  17^1.  the  American 
anjiv  rn^-arijjK-^l  within  a  mile  of  Coru- 
wal  i-*«%  lines;  and  the  next  day  the 
Fni.i  h  i*<»rtion  <»f  the  army  having  taken 
Lp  is  ji^-^iiion  on  the  left  of  the  Ameri- 
can-, at  a?»*»*:t  the  same  distajiee  from  the 
enAH  y.  a  rannonu'le  fr(»m  the  British  en- 
trrr«  !im"ntN  u>hen*<l  in  the  sie^-e.  During 
the  r.i^iit  <.(  the  '2'Jth,  tlie  British  evacti- 
att-i  **;«ral  of  their  redoubts,  and  retired 
W]'hin  iKeir  ifni.'s ;  on  the  next  day.  'JOlh, 
t;.  ■-<•  r«d'»'.il.ts  were  (H*ciipied  by  the  in- 
T*«:  iij  f.in  es.  On  the  Ist<)ct()>K'r,  groun«l 
wa**  tjfi'krn  by  the  Americans  on  their 
Cr^l  lArallil  of  approaches,  und«T  a  fu- 
r-'U-*  fMniion.ide  fpjm  the  em-niy.  On 
til'.-  '.*ih.  -evtralof  the  Ameri<*an  n'<!oubts 
trmz  C'*«iplete<l,  General  Wa.shington 
Liz;t<«  If  i)ouite<l  and  fired  the  HrNt  gun, 
vL^b  waM  8ucoee<led  by  a  terrific  can- 
nmiade  by  both  armies,  from  over  three 
Lundred  pieoM*  of  artillery.  This  was  kept 
Vf  sari/  wUboat  cessation,  for  sut  days. 


On  the  15th,  a  couple  of  Briti.<;h  redoubts 
were  stormed:  one  by  the  French,  and 
the  other  by  the  Americans,  On  the  17th 
Cornwall  is  sent  in  a  flag  of  truce,  which, 
as  all  know,  resulted  in  his  capitulation 
on  the  10th.  Thus  much  for  the  progress 
of  the  siege. 

The  morning  following  our  arrival  at 
Yorktown,  broke  sullenly,  portending  a 
storm,  which  .set  in  furiously  Wfore  twelve 
o'clock  ;  but  while  it  was  threatening,  we 
availed  ourselves  of  the  opj)Ortunity  of 
walking  over  the  battle-field.  The  Ame- 
rican breastworks  are  nearly  obliterated  ; 
but  the  more  permanent  entrenchments 
of  the  British  arc  still  comparatively  i»er- 
fect.  We  resolved  to  take  the  incidents 
of  the  siege,  as  far  as  possible,  in  chrono- 
logical order,  an<l  of  course  our  first  care 
was  to  hunt  up  the  outworks  evacuated 
by  the  English  on  the  night  of  the  29th 
September,  They  lie  on  the  western  out- 
skirts of  the  town,  and  are  still  in  good 
preservation.  They  were  strong  positions, 
and  their  abandonment  must  have  left  the 
j>ortion  of  the  town  in  which  they  were 
situated  in  a  very  expo.<?ed  condition,  and 
our  officers,  when  they  took  jK)ssession 
of  them,  expressed  much  Eurprisc  at  their 
being  voluntarily  given  up.  We  next 
looke<l  for  the  two  redoubts  stormed  by 
the  allied  fon^es  on  the  ir)th  October.  Th6 
first,  or  most  eastern  of  these,  (that  storm- 
ed by  the  Americans.)  being  near  the 
river,  has  nearly  been  washed  away  ; 
that  taken  by  the  French  portion  of  the 
alliefl  anny.  may  still  be  traced.  The 
capture  of  tliese  rcdou!)ts  brought  thean- 
taj:onists.  as  it  were,  within  spi'j»king  dis- 
tance;  an<l  it  berame  too  .apparent  to 
Cornwa]li.><,  that  unless  surcor  arrived, 
(of  which  there  was  no  rea.<onablc  hojK».) 
or  unless  he  could  eseaj>e  by  a  stealth}' 
night  retreat,  his  destruction  or  sunvnder 
was  inevitabh'.  On  the  .Micree<ling  night, 
therefore  (the  iGlh),  he  attempted  an  es- 
cape across  the  river  to  (iloueester  Point, 
when*  a  small  French  force  was  stationed 
for  the  i>urj>ose  of  watching  Tarleton.  en- 
trenehwl  then* ;  this  force  it  was  deter- 
mine<l  to  overiK)wer  an<l  <lestroy,  when 
the  entire  British  army,  after  abandoning 
their  artillery,  ammunition  aiui  baggage- 
traii.'S.  were  to  have  moved  oil"  in  l^ull 
retreat,  through  a  iK)rtion  of  A'irginia, 
thrtmgh  Maryland,  rennsylvania.  and 
New  .Jersey,  all  occupied  by  the  Ameri- 
can tn)ops,  until  a  Jiinction  could  have 
}K*en  f(>nued  with  Sir  Henry  Cinton  in 
New  York.  In  pursuance  of  this  deter- 
mination, a  portion  of  the  besieged  army 
had  actually  Crossed  the  river,  and  an- 
other considerable  detachment  werQ  cux- 


40 


TorkUmn  in  1654. 


[Jdy 


barked  in  boatfl,  and  part  of  the  way 
over,  when  a  violent  storm  of  wind  and 
rain  sprung  up,  nearly  eng:u]fing  tlie 
whole  party,  and  sent  the  boats  with 
their  passenjrers.  so  far  down  the  river, 
that  it  was  a  late  hour  the  next  day  be- 
fore they  could  rejoin  the  main  body  of 
their  army.  It  was  regarded  as  a  very 
rash  attempt,  and  demonstrated  the  des- 
perate straits  to  which  Coniwallis  was 
reduced.  On  the  17th  he  solicited  a 
truce. 

"We  then  entered  tlie  main  works,  sku- 
ated  on  the  eastern  ed^e  of  the  town  ; 
these  are  still  in  excellent  keeping,  and 
must  have  been  truly  formidable  when 
bristling  with  cannon  and  filled  with 
soldiers.  What  first  attracted  our  atten- 
tion was  their  brevity  ;  but  this  was  pro- 
bably considered  an  excusable  military 
fdult.  if  it  was  one,  as  all  military  com- 
manders prefer  compact  works,  with  as 
few  assailable  points  as  possible.  But, 
perhaps  our  ideas  had  imperceptibly  be- 
come exaggerated,  from  the  reflection  that 
there  was  an  army  of  about  eight  thou- 
sand men  stationed  for  their  defence ;  and, 
if  it  were  desirable,  these  men  were  ca- 
pable of  occupying  defences  much  more 
extended  than  those  before  us.  JBut 
there  they  were,  with  banks  too  broad  to 
be  perforated  by  a  cannon-shot,  and  too 
steep  to  be  easily  scaled  by  an  assailant. 
Li  a  conspicuous  angle  of  these  works 
may  be  seen  the  foundation  and  ruins  of 
the  costly  mansion  of  the  patriotic  Go- 
vernor Nelson  who  commanded  the  Vir- 
ginia militia  at  the  siege.  J  ustly  suppo- 
sing that  his  house  would  be  the  most 
convenient  spot  for  Comwallis's  head- 
quarters, the  Governor,  with  rare  disin- 
tcresteilness,  offered  the  American  gun- 
ners a  guinea  a-piece  for  every  shot  which 
should  hit  his  own  house — a  promise 
which  it  is  said  he  scrupulously  redeemed. 
Under  such  incentives  it  was,  of  course, 
soon  a  heap  of  ruins;  and  Cornwallis, 
after  seeing  his  servant  killed,  was  driven 
further  into  the  town,  to  another  mansion 
belonging  to  the  Nelsons,  although  the 
American  shot  still  pursued  him.  The 
house  is  of  bricks,  and  the  marks  of 
several  balls  arc  still  to  be  seen ;  one  shot 
penetrated  the  southeast  corner,  went 
through  the  wall,  entered  the  dining-room, 
tore  otf  a  couple  of  panels  of  the  wain- 
scoting, and  spent  its  force  against  the 
marble  mantel,  which  it  shattered  to 
pieces.  Three  other  caimon  shot  liave 
left  their  marks,  all  on  the  eastern  gable 
end.  Two  of  them  went  through  the 
wall,  the  hole  made  by  one  of  these  is 
Btill  open  i  a  third  struck  half  way.   This 


bonse  is  now  occupied  by  the  estimable 
widow  of  the  grandson  of  Governor  Nel- 
son. 

Attached  to  the  personal  staff  of  Gen- 
eral "Washington,  during  the  siege,  was  a 
clerg>'man  by  the  name  of  Evans.  One 
day,  in  the  midst  of  a  severe  cannonade, 
the  general  and  his  staff  were  occupying 
an  exposed  position  within  the  American 
lines,  when  a  shot  struck  the  ground  so 
near  the  spot  where  the  general  and 
his  staff  were  standing,  that  it  threw 
the  earth  on  to  the  cierg}'man's  hat, 
which  gave  him  great  alarm.  Evin- 
cing his  terror  in  his  countenance,  he  took 
off  his  hat,  saying,  '*  see  this.  General ! " 
to  which  Washington  replied,  **  you  had 
better  show  your  hat,  sir,  to  your  wife 
and  children ! " 

After  traversing  the  entrenchments,  wo 
sought  the  field  wbere  the  formalities  of 
the  surrender  took  place.  It  is  at  pres- 
ent a  respectable  inclosure  of  some  hun- 
dred acres,  and  it  was  about  the  same  in 
1781.  It  joins  the  town  on  the  south. 
The  precise  spot  where  General  O'llarra 
is  said  to  have  delivered  up  his  sword  and 
apologized  for  the  absence  of  his  com- 
mander, is  now  marked  by  a  couple  of 
poplar  trees,  which  we/e  planted  by  some 
one  in  commemoration  of  the  event.  The 
field  itself  is  nearly  a  plain,  and  is  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  the  purposes  for 
which  it  had  been  cho.«^n. 

Next  in  order  was  the  **  Moore  house," 
in  the  eastern  parlor  of  which  Cornwallis 
signed  the  articles  of  capitulation.  The 
place  is  now  called  the  "  Temple  Farm," 
and  the  house,  which  is  of  wood,  appears 
much  as  it  did  when  occupied  by  Corn- 
wallis. It  is  outside  of  the  entrenchments, 
and  within  musket  shot  of  them  on  the 
east.  A  lawn  of  some  three  hundred 
yards  in  extent  slopes  from  the  house  to 
the  banks  of  the  river  ;  and  although  the 
place  shows  some  evidences  of  dilapidation, 
it  has  a  pleasant  aspect.  On  the  farm 
there  is  an  ancient  inclosure  of  bricks, 
which  the  tradition  of  the  country  says 
was  formerly  a  tower,  and  built  as  a  de- 
fence against  the  savages.  •  Wo  saw  no 
traces  of  a  tower ;  but  from  the  extent 
of  tfie  ground  walled  in.  and  the  number 
of  tombs  which  it  is  said  to  have  con- 
tained, it  seems  most  probable  that  it  was 
intended  originally  as  a  burial-place.  Only 
one  of  the  tombs  is  now  to  be  seen,  and 
it  bears  an  inscription  of  a  date  only 
forty -seven  years  after  the  first  settlement 
of  Virginia  by  Europeans  at  Jamestown. 
The  inscription,  which  is  still  very  per- 
fect, is  preceded  by  an  elaborate  heraldic 
device,  which  of  course  is  unintelligible  to 


1M4.] 


Sia  from  Short. 


«l 


m  repoblicftng.  The  figure  of  an  animal 
which  we  pronounced  a  goat,  seems  to 
predominate,  but  of  its  sifrnification  in  a 
coat  of  arms  we  must  confess  ignorance. 
The  inscription  reads  thus : 

UMiar  WILLIAM  GOOCH.    ^ 
dj«I,  Octoh.  S9Ui,  1655i 

*  Within  UiU  tomb,  thert  doth  Inti^rred  lie, 
Xo  fthape,  bat  rabitftnoe,  true  nobility : 
Iiarit  tboof  h  yoosg.  In  jean  bat  twentj-ninc^ 
TcC  gnoed  with  o*tarp*t  niorall  and  divine^ 
Tb«  ehorch  froai  blu  did  good  participate^ 
Ib  eoaiMcIl  rare,  fit  to  adorn  a  atate." 


Before  taking  a  surrey  of  the  battle- 
field, we  were  advised  to  pay  our  respects 
to  an  aired  inhabitant  of  the  place,  by  the 
name  of  Robert  Anderson.  Being  at  the 
nme  time  assured,  that  although  utter 
strangers,  and  under  the  necessity  of  in- 
troducing ourseWes,  we  would  meet  not 
only  with  a  polite,  but  a  cordial  reception : 
this  was  all  rerificd ;  but  Mr.  Anderson, 
on  account  of  his  age  and  the  threatening 
state  of  the  weather,  was  compelled  to 
excuw  himself  from  walking  over  the 
pvunds  with  us,  yet  he  gave  us  such  in- 
fumiation  as  was  of  groat  assistance  to 
0.4  in  our  subsequent  researches;  and 
afWr  we  had  been  over  the  field,  ho  ad- 
ilre«<ed  us  a  polite  note,  saying  that  if  the 
ib«{Artion  of  an  authentic  plot  of  tho 
vorks  with  the  positions  of  the  opposing 
UfTCf'^  t-orrectly  noted  down,  would  be  of 
iny  a'>>i>tance  to  us,  he  had  one  in  his 
^»«^-<«Mi/U  whi«!h  it  would  ailbrd  him 
p!t-x-«ure  to  exhibit  The  plot  was  made 
l»y  aji  oili<*er.  who  was  present  at  the 
M*-re.  and  while  the  forces  were  still  in 
pii>iiion :  and  if  our  recollection  is  cor- 
rect, the  survey  was  made,  while  tho 
tcrnus  of  the  capitulation  were  under  dis- 


cussion. It  is  probably  the  only  contem- 
poraneous plot  of  the  field  now  extant. 
We,  of  course,  very  gladly  availed  our- 
selves of  the  invitation,  and  were  much 
gratified  by  an  inspection  of  the  map^ 
which  enabled  us  to  verify  some  of  our 
notes.  Mr.  Anderson,  who  was  bom 
during  the  siege,  and  of  oouV'se  is  over 
seventy  years  of  age,  has  resided  nearly 
all  his  life  in  Yorktown ;  consequently,  it 
has  been  in  his  power  to  gather  many 
interesting  incidents  connected  with  the 
siege,  from  those  who  were  active  partici- 
pators in  it  These  may  be  denominated 
its  unwritten  history,  and  are  highly  in- 
teresting. Besides  the  incidents,  he  has 
collected  numerous  relics  at  difiereni 
times  fi^m  the  field  ;  among  those  which 
he  showed  us  was  a  small  belt-plate, 
bearing  the  inscription  of  **A.  Gordon, 
Guards,"  and  several  others,  one  with  a 
date  as  far  back  as  1755.  He  also  ex- 
hibited part  of  a  wax-candle,  which  is  said 
to  have  belonged  to  Cornwallis.  There 
was  also  a  heavy  dragoon^s  sabre,  and  a 
cart  load  of  cannon-shot  and  bomb-shells. 
An  excavation  in  the  marl  banks  of  the 
river,  fancifully  called  "  Cornwallis's 
Cave,"  is  exhibited  as  the  place  where  the 
British  commander  took  refuge  during 
the  bombardment  This,  of  course,  is 
improbable,  as  no  military  man  of  reputa- 
tion could  behave  in  this  way,  without 
suffering  disgrace.  The  place,  as  it  is 
comparatively  dry  and  secure  from  shot 
from  the  town  si<lc,  was  probably  used  as 
a  magazine  of  some  kind.  Its  extent  is 
scarcely  sufficient  to  supjwse  it  <\'a8  a 
store  for  provisions ;  hence  the  inference 
seems  natural,  that  it  was  occupied  as  a 
jwwder  magaziue. 


SKA    FROM    SHORE. 


**  Ant'wi»"*  <»f  mairic  Mil?, 
PUota  of  Ui«  purple  twlllslit,  drupplug  down  wilh  coetlj  tal&\** 

**  Come  unto  thc9«  yellow  Mndi.*' 


TannyMm. 


IX  the  month  of  June,  Pnio  and  I  like 
to  walk  ujion  the  Battery  towani 
nun**  t  and  watch  the  steamers,  crowded 
with  paNMrn^^-rs.  l>ound  for  the  pleasant 
pU'JV'S  along  the  coa-st  where  people  pass 
the  hot  months.  Sea-sid*  lo<lginjrs  are 
not  very  comfortable,  I  am  told,  but  who 
would  iftl  lie  a  little  pii»ched  in  his  cham- 
ber, if  Uiti  windows  looked  uj>on  the  sea  ? 
la  nch  praitfcs  of  the  ocean  do  1  indulge 


at  such  times,  and  so  respectfully  do  I  rc- 
gani  the  wiilors  who  may  chance  to  pass, 
tliat  Prue  often  says,  with  her  shrewd 
smile,  that  iity  mind  is  a  kind  of  Chelsea 
Ho>]iital.  full  of  al>ortive  marine  hopes 
and  wi>;hes,  broken- lej:^^!  intentions, 
blind  rejrrets,  an<l  desires,  whose  hands 
have  been  shot  away  in  some  hard  bat- 
tle of  experience,  so  that  they  cannot 
grasp   the   results  towards   which   thej 


46 


Sea  from  Short, 


[Julr 


reach.  She  is  right,  as  u^ual.  Such 
hopes  and  intentions  do  lie,  mined  and 
hopeless  now,  strewn  about  the  placid  con- 
tentment of  my  mental  life,  as  the  old 
pensioners  sit  about  the  grounds  at  Chel- 
sea, maimed  and  mnsinpj  in  the  quiet 
mominnj  sunshine.  Many  a  one  among 
them  thinks  what  a  Nelson  he  would  have 
been  if  both  his  legs  had  not  been  pre- 
maturely carried  away  ;  or  in  what  a  Tra- 
falgar of  triumph  he  would  have  ended, 
if,  unfortunately,  he  had  not  happened  to 
have  been  blown  blind  by  the  explosion 
of  that  unlucky  magazine.  So  I  dream, 
sometimes,  of  a  straight  scarlet*  collar, 
stiff  with  gold  lace,  around  my  neck,  in- 
stead of  this  limp  white  cravat ;  and  I 
liavo  even  brandished  my  quill  at  the 
office  so  cutlass-wise,  that  Titbottom  has 
paused  in  his  additions  and  looked  at  me 
as  if  ho  doubted  whether  1  should  come 
out  quite  square  in  my  petty  cash.  Yet 
lie  understands  it.  Q'itbottom  was  bom 
in  Nantucket 

That  is  the  secret  of  my  fondness  for 
the  sea :  I  was  born  b}'  it.  Not  more 
surely  do  Savoyards  pine  for  the  moun- 
tains, or  Cockneys  for  the  sound  of  Bow 
bells,  than  those  who  are  born  within 
sight  and  sound  of  the  ocean,  to  return  to 
it  and  renew  their  fealty.  In  dreams 
the  children  of  the  sea  hear  its  voice.  I 
have  read  in  some  book  of  travels  that 
certain  tribes  of  Arabs  have  no  name  for 
the  ocean,  and  that  when  they  came  to 
the  shore  for  the  first  time,  they  asked 
with  eager  sadness,  as  if  penetrated  by 
the  conviction  of  a  superior  beauty,  "  what 
is  that  desert  of  water  more  beautiful 
than  the  land  ?  "  And  in  the  translations  of 
German  stories  which  Adoniram  and  the 
other  childi-en  read,  and  into  which  I  oc- 
casionally look  in  the  evening  when  they 
are  gone  to  bed, — for  I  like  to  know  what 
interests  my  children. — I  find  that  the 
Germans,  who  do  not  live  near  the  sea, 
love  the  fairy  lore  of  water,  and  tell  the 
sweet  stories  of  Undine  and  Mclusina,  as 
if  they  had  especial  charm  for  them,  be- 
cause their  country  is  inland. 

We  who  know  the  sea  have  less  fairy 
feeling  about  it,  but  our  realities  are  ro- 
mance. My  earliest  remembrances  are  of 
a  long  range  of  old,  half  dilapidated 
stores ;  red  brick  stores  with  steep  wooden 
roofs  and  stone  window  frames  and  door 
frames,  which  stood  upon  docks  built  as 
if  for  immense  trade  with  all  quarters  of 
the  globe.  Generally  there  were  only 
a  few  sloops  moored  to  the  tremendous 
posts,  which  I  fancied  oould  easily  hold 
fast  a  Spanish  Armada  in  a  tropical  hur- 
ricane.   But  sometimes  %  great  ship,  an 


East  Tndiaman,  came  sailing  up  the  har- 
bor, slowly,  lazily,  with  rusty,  seamed, 
blistered  si<les,  and  dingy  sails,  with  an 
air  of  indolent  self-importance  and  con- 
sciousness of  superiority,  which  inspired 
me  with  profound  respect.  If  the  ship 
had  ever  chanced  to  run  down  a  rowboat 
or  a  sloop,  or  any  specimen  of  smaller 
craft.  I  should  only  have  wondered  at  the 
temerity  of  any  floating  thing  in  crossing 
the  path  of  such  supreme  mnjesty.  The 
ship  was  chained  aud  cabled  to  the  old 
dock,  and  then  came  the  disembowelling. 

How  the  stately  monster  had  been 
fattening  upon  foreign  spoils  !  How 
it  had  gorgeil  itself  (such  galleons  did 
never  seem  to  me  of  the  feminine  gender) 
with  the  lu.scious  treasures  of  the  tropics ! 
It  had  lain  its  lazy  length  along  the  shores 
of  China,  and  sucked  in  whole  flowery 
harvests  of  tea.  The  equatorial  sun  flash- 
ed through  the  strong  wicker  prisons, 
bursting  with  bananas  and  nectareah  fruits 
that  eschew  the  temperate  zone.  Steams 
of  camphor,  of  sandal  wood,  arose  from  the 
hold.  Sailors  chanting  cabalistic  strains, 
that  had  to  my  ear.  a  shrill  and  monoton- 
ous pathos,  like  the  uniform  rising  and 
fulling  of  an  autumn  wind,  turned  cranks 
that  lifted  the  bales,  and  boxes,  and  crates, 
and  swung  them  ashore.  But  to  my 
mind  the  spell  of  their  singing  raised  the 
fragrant  freight,  and  not  the  crank.  Mad- 
agascar and  Ceylon  api>eared  at  the  mys- 
tic bidding  of  the  song.  The  placid  sun- 
shine of  the  docks  was  perfumed  with 
India.  The  universal  calm  of  southern 
seas  poured  from  the  bosom  of  the  ship, 
over  the  quiet,  half  decaying  old  northern 
port.  Long  after  the  confusion  of  un- 
loading was  over,  and  the  ship  lay  as  if 
all  voyages  were  ended,  I  dared  to  creep 
timorously  along  the  edge  of  the  dock, 
and  at  great  risk  of  falling  in  the  black 
water  of  its  huge  shadow,  I  placed  my 
hand  upon  the  hot  hulk,  and  so  esta1>- 
lished  a  mystic  and  exquisite  connection 
with  Pacific  islands,  with  palm  groves  and 
all  the  passionate  beauties  they  embower, 
with  jungles,  Bengal  tigers,  jKipper,  and 
the  crushed  feet  of  Chinese  fairies.  I 
touched  Asia,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
and  the  Happy  Islands.  I  would  not  be- 
lieve that  the  heat  I  felt  was  of  our 
northern  sun ;  to  my  finer  sympathy  it 
burned  with  equatorial  fervors. 

The  freight  was  piled  in  the  old  stores. 
I  believe  that  many  of  them  remain,  but 
they  have  lost  their  character.  When  I 
knew  them,  not  only  was  I  younger,  but 
partial  decay  bad  overtaken  the  town ;  at 
least  the  balk  of  its  India  trade  had 
shifted  to  New  York  and  Boston.    Bat 


imt\ 


Sea  frt^m  Shore. 


[  IJm  ft]ifiliatK3»i  rcndned*     There  wis  no 
I  in  tlw  ai^mooQ,  1  1 

If'.  -'^' 

to'  '^t^  (^>t 

#11  \vaU:h 

ItfoHnr  *mi  *if  tbt'«|tif>r  li>H'itr%i  the  sliijist, 

frH!i        '  r  mpi  of  life  thmn  nji  cw^ca- 

^^.  kill;:  AS  if  in  their    Fletp, 


thrifty  mother, — another  Pru^, — mme 
snufBng  and  smclhoi;  uliout  nic* 

*^  Why  I  my  a^on.  {^t^njf.  $iiujf)  whore 
have  vou  luin  ?  {Sfittf,  *nup^.}  lias 
tho  baiter  Ih;cu  niaUinj!  {Anuff)  gingrr- 
bnmfl  7  Yon  ftocII  a.s  if  yoifd  hegn  in 
{tmtff^  Mnttjf,)  a,  btk^  of  cinniiTnon." 

'^  rv«  only  iK^n  on  tltc  wl curves,  tno- 
thcT.*^ 

^'  Wtfllj  n?y  deir^  I  hop  rott  haTcn't 
stiii'k  up  your  clot!it<:4  with  rrjtj^aitses. 
Wlmrvi^K  ani  <hrty  j/fti'CA,  an'!  danf^'i^UK 
Yon  niu*^t  take  catc  of  ycjursclf,  my  laan. 

But  T  fit'part^fH  trom  the  ninlcrnal  pre- 
ficnce,  proud  and  hfippy*  I  was  nrotnat'c, 
T  ho  re  aiH>ut  with  nic  tho  true  fon-ign  mt 
^Vhoercr  mnH%  tnt*  feme  It  distant  fX^un- 
fries.  I  had  nnlinpg,  spicus*,  ciunainon, 
and  cloves,  willioiit  tho  jolly  red-nose. 
1  pleased  myself  with  being  the  rupre- 
eent alive  of  the  Indies.  I  was  to  good 
odor  with  inyft<*lt  Ami  ^\\  the  worUh 

I  do  not  know  how  it  h^  hul  surely 
Nature  ioaki*sk*adly  provlsioiL  An  im- 
ati:iiiation  ao  e*sdy  eieiU'd  as  iiiine  eould 
not  have  escaped  ,di!4tt  PI  J^HH  tine  lit  if  it  hiid 
had  ample  opportunity  and  e.vjjerienoe  of  ' 
the  \hms  it  so  lonptd  to  nee.  TlvenTore, 
although  I  nmde  the  Inrlia  vi>yu|ft%  I  liAvo 
never  Ixen  a  tmudler,  and  ^avinit  tho 
little  lime  I  was  n.shore  in  India,  I  did 
not  1  OS*?  tht^  .sense  of  novulty  and  rumanee, 
which  the  first  si^ht  of  fonif^n  bind*  iJi- 
Hpirt**s  That  1  ittic  tiuie  waK  all  n>y  foreign 
imvek  I  am  glad  of  it.  I  ttce  now  that  i 
I  t^hoold  never  have  found  the  eoimtry 
frvjiii  which  that  Ka^t  IndiamaTi  of  my 
early  days  arrived*  The  palm  gmves  do 
not  ijow  with  which  that  hand  hi  id  upon 
i\w  ship  plaeed  me  tn  jiiitf:ic  (^^tnni^liont 
And  a>i  f«ir  the  bivelj  Indian  maid  \^honi 
the  palmy  ar^heii  b<?wered,  she  ha^  lonj; 
Hi  nee  clnspiHl  &ome  nutive  lover  lu  bur 
busom,  am  If  rijx'mnl  i^do  mild  maternity, 
how  ^hnitid  I  knrm  her  now  1 

"  Yon  won  Id  lind  her  qnite  m  easUy 
now  aa  theu,^  sayK  my  I'mOj  when  I 
Hpeak  of  it. 

8ho  la  right  again,  an  nsnat,  that  pr^ 
cion^  wotn;in»  and  it  ii*  thercforo  I  ft?el 
that  if  the  elmnn**^  <if  life  havi*  m*-K>fed 
nie  fa^t  (o  a  bo-/  Ir^kj  they  IvavO  ' 

h'ft  al  I  tb?  land  '  >  >  n  l'  fairer  an4  J 

fre?;lier  in  my  n i  u,  m  iIk'v  euuld  etet 

Im?  in  mv  ni*nn>rv,     Ipon  my  ^mly  tOf* 
r>  ■   f         M  o«!l  i  J  I'di  i  1 1  i*f  1 1  le  U  >  ji  and  ^careli  1 
E  .i  for  the  !(hurc\     Ibil  tmw  in  a  1 

;  .-,!,,,  fjun,  A,i  1   .....  .*  moro  J 

wfum  1  rvachod  hoiu«  my      iben;  and  make  tortunes,  who  w««rgrma»«j 


lilcot^'  I",  and 

rfC»*  i-,    nnd 

I  :.  e,  for  they 

-i  lim  printrtj 

loi  tik  'W  vaulted 

1%  «^  Mtis  ioi^in- 

te.      ."  !    heaps   of 

-«,  f*!'!  1  yQXv^  aami 

r-  I  Trier  &tu!Ti^ 

,t  it  cohL  and 

ini.-,l    ,  .       -uiaiption  of 

mal  »  SI  1m  A      Ltf  pre- 

OBtl^r  -ic  ilirou^h 

^  mefia  1  tan  K"hi><>U 

Hintr' '  -  '  ^  '^re  in  neh 

iIImotl  ii'xil  a  twdighi  of 

UMML  C^    .,..    ..^.  ■  -i-'-V  with  '-^i-'Wi'^  at 

B^|M  odora.     1  hkcd  to  lo'  <  v 

im  flrvm  the  Klare  of  Kunhght  n  •   d 

Qnm  tbe  DtioTaw«et  dinine>H  wo^h  hke  the 
|Blp«|.>  hr,Mth  oi*  the  far  ofl'  island- 
ef»f  rmn!  ptirrot  or  nmniw, 
btCiL  '  daimt  MTtth  gli^U-oing 
it  jinniii  m  liu  r:^;;'/,  and  a^i  the  gay  huo 
i  Ikltor  to  a  chance  xunU'am.  mil  in 
fmk  btfd,  fihnll  voice^  as  if  thru'tling 
p  s^ntidtf  upon  a  irliblening  wire 
k0Ql  iiiAl  ^ratr'  '  '  :n,  then  the 
Ikl   wafl  and     wilh- 

il  flMVing;^  I  wi*  V...'*.. iOfcTiiing  the 

ITf^MD  th«  old  atorejq  and  thci  docks 

^  ftWvij  cmmbbng,  toucliei],  I  ktmw   not 

wkj  w>r  lw)rw»  by  thtf  jh'iikivo  air  of  |»a?it 

liTQipenty,  I  rattibled  out  of  the  town  on 

iham  well  remeinWrcd  aftcrnounK,  to  the 

i  thAt  lay  npon   bin-c^ide^i  over  tho 

'  Ivtttior,  vid  thai!  ^at  lo^ikm^  ont  to  hea, 

I  bmef§%  «>fs»  distant  ^ujI   piorcedin^  to 

"    _'  aoda  of  the  ear  lb,  to  be  my 

%jpi'^mA  imafa^  who  would  mi       '  \ 

•ad  wnaiiifnl  to  all  tl»e  j^l 

dT  tkerutarf      ^'  • '  ■  '^  '^'^*'--d 

W  U»  tlortt  wivre 

eMi^«     Eici  ; 
P  aalBfatmf  my  Irna 
|wf«d,  my  diktliri 


u 


Sea  from  Shore, 


[July 


cloth  jackets,  drink  iced  beer,  and  cat 
curry,  whose  minds  fall  aj;]eep,  and  whoso 
bodies  have  liver  complaints.  Unseen  by 
me  forever,  nor  ever  reprctted,  shall  wave 
the  Eg^'ptian  palms  and  the  Italian  pines. 
Untrodden  by  me  the  Fonim  shall  still 
echo  wiih  the  footfall  of  imperial  Rome, 
and  the  Parthenon,  unrifled  of  its  mar- 
bles, look  perfect  across  the  Egean  blue. 
.  My  young  friends  return  from  their  for- 
eign tours  elate  with  the  smiles  of  a 
nameless  Italian  or  a  Parisian  belle.  I 
know  no  such  cheap  delights ;  I  am  a  suit- 
or of  Vittoria  Colonna  ;  I  walk  with 
Taeso  along  the  terraced  garden  of  the 
Villa  d'Este,  and  look  to  see  Beatrice 
smiling  down  the  rich  gloom  of  the 
cypress  shade.  You  staid  at  the  Ilolel 
Europa  in  Venice,  at  DaniellVs,  or  the 
I^one  bianco;  I  am  the  guest  of  Marino 
Faliero-  and  I  whisper  to  his  wife  as  wo 
climb  tne  giant's  staircase  in  the  summer 
moonlight. 

**Ah!  senzAaraore 

*Andare  sul  mare. 

Col  8po9o  del  nmre. 

Nun  pao  coosolare.** 

It  is  for  the  same  reason  that  I  did 
not  care  to  dine  with  you  and  Aurelia 
last  July,  that  I  am  content  not  to  stand 
in  St.  Peter's.  Alas !  if  I  could  see  the 
end  of  it,  it  would  not  be  St.  Peter's. 
For  those  of  us  whom  Nature  means  to 
keep  at  home,  she  provides  eutei-tainment. 
One  man  goes  four  thousand  miles  to 
Italy,  and  does  not  see  it.  he  is  so  short- 
sighted. Another  is  so  rar-sighted  that 
he  stays  in  his  room  and  sees  more  than 
Italy. 

But  for  this  very  reason  that  it  washes 
the  splendid  shores  of  my  possible  Europe 
and  Asia,  the  sea  draws  me  constantly  to 
itself.  Before  I  came  to  New  York, 
while  I  was  still  a  clerk  in  Boston,  court- 
ing Prue,  and  living  out  of  town,  1  never 
knew  of  a  ship  sailing  for  India  or  even 
for  England  and  France,  but  I  went  up 
to  the  State  House  cupola  or  to  the  ob- 
servatory on  some  friend's  house  in  Rox- 
bury,  where  I  could  not  be  interrupted, 
and  there  watched  the  departure.  The 
sails  hung  ready;  the  ship  lay  in  the 
stream;  busy  little  boats  and  puffing 
steamers  darting  about  it,  clung  to  its 
side,  paddled  away  from  it,  or  led  the  way 
to  sea,  as  minnows  might  pilot  a  whale. 
The  anchor  was  slowly  swung  at  the  bow, 
I  could  not  hear  the  sailor's  son^,  but  I 
knew  they  were  singing.  I  could  not  see 
the  parting  of  friends,  but  I  knew  fare- 
wells were  spoken.  I  did  not  share  the 
confusion,  although  I  knew  wBat  bustle 
there  was,  what  hurry,  what  shouting, 


what  creaking,  what  fall  of  ropes  and 
iron,  what  sharp  oaths,  low  laughs,  whis- 
pers, sobs.  But  I  was  cool,  high,  separate. 
To  me  it  was 

"A  painted  9h!p 
Upon  a  painted  ocean.** 

The  sails  were  shaken  out,  and  the  ship 
began  to  move.  It  was  a  ikiT  breeze,  per- 
haps, and  no  steamer  was  needed  4o  tow 
her  away.  She  receded  down  the  bay. 
Friends  turned  back, — I  could  not  see 
them, — and  waved  their  hands,  and  wiped 
their  ay^s.  and  went  home  to  dinner.  Far- 
ther and  farther  from  the  sliips  at  anchor 
the  lessening  vessel  became  single  and 
solitary  upon  the  Water.  The  sun  sank 
in  the  west ;  but  I  watched  her  still. 
Every  flash  of  her  sails  as  she  tacked  and 
turned,  thrilled  my  heart.  Yet  Prue  was 
not  on  board.  I  had  never  seen  one  of 
the  passengers  or  the  crew.  I  did  not 
know  the  consigniees  nor  the  name  of  the 
vessel.  I  had  shipped  no  adventure  nor 
risked  any  insurance,  nor  made  any  bet, 
but  my  eyes  clung  to  her  as  Ariadne's  to 
the  fading  sail  of  Bacchus.  The  ship  was 
freighted  with  more  than  appeared  upon 
her  papers,  yet  she  was  not  a  smuggler. 
She  bore  all  there  was  of  that  nameless 
lading,  yet  the  next  ship  would  carry  as 
much.  She  was  freighted  with  fancy. 
My  hopes  and  wishes,  and  vague  desires 
were  all  on  board.  It  seemed  to  me  a 
treasure  not  less  rich  than  that  which 
filled  the  East  Indiaman  at  the  old  dock 
in  my  boyhood.  When  at  length. the 
ship  was  a  sparkle  upon  the  horizon,  I 
w^aved  my  hand  in  last  farewell,  I  strained 
my  eyes  for  a  last  glimpse.  My  mind 
had  gone  to  sea,  and  had  left  noise  behind. 
But  now  I  heard  again  the  multitudinous 
murmur  of  the  city,  and  went  down 
rapidly,  and  threaded  the  short,  narrow 
streets  to  the  office.  Yet,  believe  itw 
every  dream  of  that  day,  as  I  watchea 
the  vessel,  was  written  at  night  to  Prue. 
She  knew  that  my  heart  had  not  sailed 
away. 

Those  days  are  long  past  now,  but  still 
I  walk  upon  the  Battery  and  look  toward 
the  Narrows,  and  know  that  beyond  them 
separated  only  by  the  sea,  are  many  of 
whom  I  would  so  gladly  know,  and  so 
rarely  hear.  The  sea  rolls  between  U3 
like  the  lapse  of  dusky  ages.  They 
tra<;ted  themselves  to  it,  and  it  bore  them 
away  far  and  far  as  if  into  the  past. 
Last  night  I  read  of  Antony,  but  I  have 
not  heard  from  Christopher  these  many 
months,  and  by  so  much  farther  awav  ia 
he,  so  much  older  and  more  remote  than 
Antony.  As  for  William,  he  is  as  vague 
as  any  of  the  shepherd  kings  of  ante- 


liM] 


Sta  ffmi  Shrn^. 


r  iljiuM^fts.    Tt  lit  ttio  pc»  thai 

»  door  «»    if  1j:v*  csrrW  tiiom  off  un4 

'  mt  tl*»tii  I  its  nihcr  side*    It  la 

Ifortmuii  m!  nol  fmt  tb^ui  tipt>n 

'  te itnikrsldLN     An^  ihvy  hiili^  and  1iA|»py 

^tlltl  7      Ij^   *^'''r  imir    gniy.  ftjul   have 

ifcr:  (*r  have  llief  Uken 

to  >*  ,§1     Are  the  J  popes 

orcK'.Uiij.L  )ct  i     Dci  they  fea-^t  with 

hmroA^  Bor^^S*,  or  pr^^arh  rod  ivpnhUo 

II  ui  the  Cfjuncil  of  Ten  I     l>o  they 

B^hoid   how   hri^hiiy  hrrakg    the 

V  -^    sf..-  ...n  -  .^^jtidd  UK^y 

Iwv  i'^^re  to  the 

fljltv >*" '    i  u.-, ;. .  ■  ,  ^  - .  .^  r  or  the  J-^n- 

owtjrht   them  with  Zoh^ide  in  the 

j  cdlp^'^«  c-rtr  Uvn  or  hiivp  tlicy  iimde  eht*o?e 

fsLi  ;nT?     Fricndj^  fif  my 

yoc  '  uumleringfihiiveyoii 

.  ti|f  T  that  you  Jfeilhcr 

Aotuf*  i'^>  came  iiUe  ntmors, 

M  iklM  r'  ,  ^l  into  history  ami  de- 

lb  hir  fjuui-u.     Wa^  it  longer  tigo  thitii 
!  jf#Ulil>T  timl  I  walked  with  iny  eousrn, 
I  pert'  '  '       "     I   with 

!  Ihtr  «r  ti^-  ant  to 

nflT     ^-  ■■..]  and 

.:■■■-  .M   in 

f  Wm^  tbere,  hid  riMen  like  &  dawii  in  the 

'  neftp  '**  ^'*"-  '^^^tmL     I   talked  and  lis- 

I  by  Wms  it  longer  «gp 

IQaari*^  ^t  »»he  to  id  me  of  her 

^i|ililiatd[  p«Iii^-«  Upcsrtried  with 

r*wrn>tL^  should   be    cheaply 

of  ii*achers  lead  her 

jjleteHt  and  most  rart- 

4^Ub»  kik-^l4^1^f4t »  how^ — and  with  herslen- 

ilrr  pttnh'^  *^-**(w»  nhf^nld  Imv*  a  Itox  at 

llif    :  and  liveried  Rer- 

ht  dth  ^nd  youth, 

iri  a  j'  |>erfii?t  dnnale? 

■I  iio^  r  7      Why  d^X'n  a 

gr  iom'  -idihiy    upn  my 

p«r,  til  ikn   aert>sK  with 

r*»    '  ■'''••"  of  in«iiiin% 

wf>t  I  !<inj.']e  te«r 

fill  -  j»nit  up  in 

ht^r  and  overflow  if 

Ittti  ,  rn*   itJ4    wny  out* 

WLj  ■erowi  tiif  pern  camf!  fuinl  ^uf^ty  sto- 

^  fifea^  Eikr  Tpijr  rmfT^  m  ffie  wind,  ofa  clojft- 

1  ton — iinil  a 

i««d  hiiTiii'vl 

m 


cne — ^and  a 


md  go«x  ftt 


pleacnre,  who  h  Tint  a  husband,  yet  hm 
the  key  of  the  cloii^tered   panlen  ?     I  ^ 
not  ktjow.     They  are  pecretii  of  the 
Tht*  pi<?tures  pru*^  before  my  mind  sudden^ 
ly  jind  I  manure*;,  and  I  feel  the  tears  rls* 
ing  that  T  wonid  jjirtdly  rt'prf}*is.    Titbit- 
lorn  lofjks  Rl  me,  then  stands  by  the  win* 
do*f  of  the  oftlee   and  leans'^ his  broi 
jurainfit  the  cold  iron  bars,  and  look^  down  I 
into  the  httle  square  paved  court*     I  t&%m\ 
my  hat  and  steal  out  of  the  olBiH:  f!>ra  fijK 
minutes,  and  slowly  pure  the  bnTTying 
ptrfK?^,      Meek -eyed   Alicx' f   mn^'-nifieenl  ^ 
Mnud  \  fWi>iit  hab3-  Lilian!  why  flrx^sth* 
^ca  imprison  you  m  far  away,  when  will 
you  return  ?  whc*re  clo  yon  im|^r  ?     Tho 
water  lu|^!i^  idly  about  the  dnckji, — lie's  ealm,, 
or  Rayly  heaveH^      Why  does  it  brinp  ino| 
doubts  and  fears  now,  that  bmu^ht  sneh 
bounty  of  beauty  in  the  4tiyn  lon^f  gone  7 
I  remembtT  that  the  day  when  my  dnrk 
haified  couNrn.  with  hoops  of  barbanc  gold-j 
in  her  cars,  sailed  Uh-  I  tidy,  won  iiuartcr  dmf  \ 
when  we  ba!ivnred  the  l>ook.s,      ft  wM 
nearly  no<in.  anil  in  my  impatience  to  bo 
away.  I  had  not  added  niy  columns  with 
siifflcient  c^re.     The   inexorsible  hand  of 
the  olBce  cloek  p<«ntc<i  solenuily  tawardii 
twelve,   and   the  remorseless  penduluinj 
ticked  solemnly  to  nmin*    To  a  man  who^m  i 
pleasures  are  not  mnny.  nnd  rather  jimafij  I 
the  loss  of  such  an  event  as  mrng  far«f-| 
well  and  wishini];  God  ijyoed  to  a  frtend  go«  I 
jng  for  Europe,  h  a  ^eiit  Ioe^s.     It  was  so  | 
espociaUy  because  there  wa«i  always*  more  j 
to  m&,  in  every  departure,  than  the  parl- 
jngnnd  the  fare w el h     X  was  j:radually  nwj 
flouncing  this  pleasure  as  1  saw  tmalij 
profipeet  of  ending    l>efore  noon,  when] 
Tit  hot  torn,  after  looking  at  me  a  moment^  Jl 
came  to  my  fiiide  of  the  defk,  and  said : 
"  I  should  hke  to  finish  that  far  you/" 
1  looked  at  hmi :  poor  Titbottom !  h^ 
bad  no  friends  to  wff^h  (IcHt  speed  npoiM 
any  journey.     I  quietly  wipoi}  my  JMi^l 
took  down  n^y  hat,  and  went  out*     It  iru<| 
in  the  day?(  of  i^ni)  par'kets  and  h^  rogll* 
Stirity,  when  pm\^  to  Eurojie  was  more  of 
an  ejjoch  in  life,     flow  gayly  my  cou.^iii»] 
litood  upon  the  deek  and  detaile*!  to  m^I 
he^r   plans!      How  merrily  the  ehildrenn ' 
Khniiie^J  and  Raufj; !     H&w  hmg  I  held  ray 
cos^sin's  little  hand  hi  mme,  and  irajied  in- 
to her  great  eyoja,  rt?mem!iertng  that  they  J 
w^MiId  sec  and  touch  the  thinp*  that  wert^l 
1  lie  to  me  Pir  eviT,  hut  all  the  mor»  f 
iia  and  fnir  I     8h«  kissed  mo— I  wts  j 
Hisre  tearsk  I  njmem^H 
I  ]  promi«eti^  m  wmrittf  J 

it  wita  only  the  nllier  day  that  [  saw 
another  parUng  of  the  Mme  kind,  I  waa 
not  A  principal,  only  a  »p«ctator  \  bmt  m 


40 


Sea  from  Shore. 


[July 


fond  am  T  of  sharing:,  afar  off  as  it  wore, 
and  unseen,  the  sympathies  of  human  be- 
ings, that  r  cannot  avoid  often  going  to 
the  dock  upon  steamer-days  and  giving 
myself  to  that  pleasant  and  melancholy 
observation.  There  is  always  a  crowd, 
but  this  day  it  was  almost  impossible  to 
advance  through  the  masses  of  people. 
The  eager  faces  hurried  by  ;  a  constant 
stream  poured  up  the  gangway  into  the 
Rtcanier,  and  the  upper  deck,  to  which  I 
gradually  made  my  way,  was  crowded 
with  the  passenjrers  and  their  friends. 
There  was  one  group  upon  which  my  eyes 
first  fell  and  upon  which  my  memory  lin- 
gers. A  glance,  brilliant  as  daybreak, — 
a  voice, 

"  Her  voice's  TnuBic,— cull  It  the  weirs  bubbling,  the 
bird's  warble,** 

a  goddess  girdled  with  flowers,  and  smiling 
farewell  upon  a  circle  of  worshippers,  to 
each  one  of  whom  that  gracious  calmness 
made  the  smile  sweeter,  and  the  farewell 
more  sad, — other  figures,  other  flowers, 
an  angel  face— all  these  T  saw  in  that 
group  as  I  was  swayed  up  and  down  the 
deck  by  the  eager  swarm  of  people.  The 
hour  came,  and  I  went  on  shore  with  the 
rest  The  plank  was  drawn  away, — the 
captain  raised  his  hand — the  huge  steamer 
slowly  moved, — a  cannon  was  fired — the 
ship  was  gone. 

The  sun  sparkled  upon  the  water  as 
they  sailed  away.  In  five  minutes  the 
steamer  was  as  separated  from  the  shore 
as  if  it  had  been  at  sea  a  thousand  years, 
1  leaned  against  a  post  upon  the  dock  and 
looked  around.  Ranged  upon  the  edge 
of  the  wharf  stood  that  band  of  worship- 
pers, waving  handkerchiefs  and  straining 
their  eyes  to  see  the  last  smile  of  farewell, 
— did  any  eager  selfish  eye  hope  to  see 
a  tear?  They  to  whom  the  handker- 
chiefs were  waved  stood  high  upon  the 
stern,  holding  flowers.  Over  them  hung 
the  great  flag,  raised  by  the  gentle  wind 
into  the  graceful  folds  of  a  canopy,-^say 
rather  a  gorgeous  gonfalon  waved  over 
that  triumphant  departure,  over  that  su- 
preme youth,  and  bloom,  and  beauty, 
going  out  across  the  mystic  ocean  to 
carry  a  finer  charm  and  more  human 
splendor  into  those  realms  of  my  imagi- 
nation beyond  the  sea.  **  You  will  return, 
O  youth  and  beauty ! "  I  said  to  my  dream- 
ing and  foolish  self,  as  I  contemplated 
those  fair  figures,  richer  than  Alexander 
with  Indian  spoils.  All  that  historic  as- 
sociation, that  copious  civilization,  those 
grandeurs  and  graces  of  art^  that  variety 
and  picturesqueness  of  life,  will  mellow  and 
deepen   your  experieaoe  even   as   time 


silently  touches  those  old  pictures  into  a 
more  persuasive  and  pathetic  beauty,  and 
as  this  increasing  summer  sheds  ever  soft- 
er lustre  upon  the  landscape.  You  will 
return  conquerors  and  n<5t  conquered. 
You  will  bririg  Europe,  even  as  Aurelinn 
brought  Zenobia  captive,  to  deck  your 
hom(?ward  triumph.  I  do  not  wonder 
that  these  clouds  break  away,  I  do  not 
wonder  that  the  sun  presses  out  and  floods 
all  the  air,  and  the  land,  and  the  water, 
with  light  that  graces  with  happy  omens 
your  stately  farewell." 

r»ut  if  my  faded  face  looked  after  them 
with  such  earnest  and  longing  emotion, — 
I,  a  solitary  old  man,  unknown  to  those 
fair  beings,  and  standing  apart  from  that 
band  of  lovers,  yet  in  that  moment  bound 
more  closely  to  them  than  they  knew, — 
how  was  it  with  those  whose  hearts  sailed 
away  with  that  youth  and  beauty?  I 
watched  them  closely  from  behind  my 
post.  I  knew  that  life  had  paused  with 
them  ;  that  the  world  stood  still.  T  knew 
that  the  long,  long  summer  would  be  only 
a  yearning  regret.  I  knew  that  each  asked 
himself  the  mournful  question,  "  Is  this 
parting  typical — this  slow,  sad,  sweet  reces- 
sion?" And  I  knew  that  they  did  not 
dare  to  ask  whether  they  should  meet 
again,  nor  to  contemplate  the  chances  of 
the  sea. 

The  steamer  swept  on,  she  was  near 
Staten  Island,  and  a  final  gun  boomed 
far  and  low  across  the  water.  The  crowd 
was  dispersing,  but  the  little  group  re- 
mained. Was  it  not  all  that  llood  had 
sung? 

**  I  saw  thee,  loTelj  Inez, 
Descend  along  the  shore 
With  bands  of  noble  gentlemen, 
And  banners  wavetl  before; 
And  gentle  youth  and  malders  gay, 
And  snowy  jtlomes  they  wore ; — 
It  would  have  been  a  beauteous  dniaiii. 
If  It  bad  been  no  more  1  ** 

**  0  youth ! "  I  said  to  them  without 
speaking,  "bo  it  gently  said  as  it  is 
solemnly  thought,  should  they  return  no 
more,  yet  in  your  memories  the  high  hour 
of  their  loveliness  is  for  ever  enshrined. 
Should  they  come  no  more  they  never 
will  be  old,  nor  changed,  to  you.  You 
will  wax  and  wane,  you  will  sufler,  and 
struggle,  and  grow  old,  but  this  summer 
vision  will  smile,  immortal,  upon  your 
lives,  and  they  shall  shed  for  ever,  under 
that  slowly  waving  flag,  smiling  hope  and 
peace.  ft  is  so  elsewhere ;  it  is  the  ten- 
derness of  Nature.  Long,  long  ago,  wo 
lost  our  first-bom,  Pruc  and  I.  Since 
then,  we  have  grown  older,  and  our  chil- 
dren with  OS.      Changs  oomed^  and  grielj 


1664.] 


Sea  from  Shore. 


'47 


pn-hap!(.  and  dcciy.  We  are  happy,  our 
children  are  obe«lient  and  gay.  But 
filkotiM  Prue  live  until  she  has  lost  us  all, 
and  laid  us,  frray  and  weary,  in  our 
prare^  she  will  have  always  one  babe  in 
her  heart.  Every  mother  who  has  lost 
an  infant,  has  gained  a  child  of  immortal 
TMjifh.  Can  you  find  comfort  here,  lov- 
er', whose  mistress  has  sailc<l  away  ?  " 

[  did  not  atik  the  question  aloud.  I 
t^*in{^t  it  only,  as  I  watched  the  youths, 
anl  turned  away  while  they  still  stood 
|[t2:ng.  One,  I  observed,  climbed  a  post 
anil  waved  his  black  hat  before  the  white- 
washed side  of  the  shed  over  the  dock, 
whence  I  supposed  he  would  tumble  into 
the  water.  Another  had  tie<l  a  handker- 
cfafef  to  the  end  of  a  somewhat  bap:«ry  um- 
brella, and,  in  the  eagerness  of  gnzinp:, 
had  forrotten  to  wave  it,  so  that  it  hung 
moumfully  down,  as  if  overpowerc<l  with 
the  jnief  it  could  not  express.  The  en- 
tranced youth  still  held  the  umbrella 
aloft.  It  ^med  to  me  as  if  he  had  struck 
his  flajr ;  or  as  if  one  of  my  cravats  were 
aTiuir  in  that  sunlighL  A  negro  carter 
wa>  juking  with  an  apple-woman  at  the 
entrance  of  the  dock.  The  steamer  was 
CiC  of  si<:ht.  1  found  that  I  was  belated 
and  hurried  back  to  my  desk.  Alas! 
poor  lovers;  I  wonder  if  they  are  watch- 
ng  still  ?  Has  he  fallen  exhausted  from 
the  post  into  the  water  1  Is  that  hand- 
ktrrrbief  bleached  and  rent  still  pendant 
af^m  that  S4)i)iewhat  baggy  umbrella  ? 

-  Vfrtith  and  beauty  went  to  Europe  to- 
day.*^ mid  I  to  Prue,  as  I  stirred  my  tea 
at  evening. 

As  I  spoke,  our  youngest  d.iughter 
bn*'jcht  me  the  sugar.  She  is  just  eigh- 
tttn.  and  her  name  should  bo  IIel)e.  I 
t'N.k  a  lump  of  sugar  and  looked  at  her. 
>}>f  had  n  vc-r  sttmed  so  lovi'ly,  and  as  I 
•'•r.:.p-l  til"  !»»mpin  myup,  I  kis-jcd  hor. 
1  i:^'»<^  d  at  Priu".  Tlie  dear  woman 
MfiiUiL  but  did  i.ot  aiL«wer  my  cxclama- 

IKII. 

Thus,  without  travelling,  I  travel,  and 
^hart*  ih.-im';l;<»n.-*of  ih')>('  I  do  not  know. 
Ui:t  <-oinct:njes  the  old  lonuing  comes  ovir 
m*-  a-i  in  the  <lay<  when  I  timidly  touchcfl 
tlie  hu?*»  Kai't  lndi?.m:»n,  and  magnetical- 
ly Mile^l  piimd  the  world.  It  wus  but  a 
fcw  da\  s  af  er  the  lovers  and  I  waved 
farrweil  to  the  ste.ini'T  ahd  while  tho 
h'V.  ly  ti/iins  standing  under  the  great 
ptxifi}*>ns  were  as  v'^vid  in  my  mind  as 
ever,  that  a  day  of  premature  sunny  sad- 
neM.  like  these  of  the  Indian  sumtner, 
drew  me  away  from  the  office  early  in 
the  aHemoou:  fi^r  fortunately  it  is  our 
doll  fetm*m  now,  and  even  Titb<;ttom 
( leaves  the  office  by  five  o'clock. 


Althongh  why  ho  should  leave  it,  or  where 
he  goes,  or  what  he  does,  I  do  not  well 
know.  Before  I  knew  him,  I  used  eomc- 
times  to  meet  him  with  a  man  whom  I 
was  afterwards  told  was  Bartleby,  the 
scrivener.  Even  then  it  seemed  to  mo 
that  they  rather  clubbed  their  loneliness 
than  made  society  for  each  other.  Re- 
O'.ntly  I  have  not  seen  Bartleby;  but 
Titbottom  seems  no  more  solitary  because 
he  is  alone. 

I  strolled  into  the  Battery,  and  as  I 
sauntered  alwut,  Staten  IsUnd  looked  so 
alluring,  tender-hued  with  summer  and 
melting  in  the  haze,  that  I  resolved  to  in- 
dulge myself  in  a  pleasure-trip.  It  wa* 
a  little  selfish,  perhaps,  to  go  alone,  but 
I  looked  at  my  watch,  and  saw  that  if  I 
should  hurry  home  for  Prue  the  trip 
would  be  lost ;  then  I  should  be  disappoint- 
ed and  she  would  bo  grieved.  Ought  I 
not  rather  (I  like  to  begin  questions 
which  I  am  going  to  answer  aftirmative- 
ly,  with  ought^)  to  take  the  trip  and  re- 
count my  advcn'.ures  to  Prue  upon  my 
return,  whereby  I  should  actually  enjoy 
the  excursion  and  the  pleasure  of  telling 
her,  while  she  would  enjoy  my  story  and 
be  glad  that  I  was  pleased  f  Ought  I 
wilmlly  to  deprive  us  both  of  this  various 
enjoyment  by  aiming  at  a  higher,  whioh, 
in  losing,  we  should  lose  all  ? 

Unfortunately,  just  as  I  was  triumph- 
antly answering  "Certainly  not!"  ano- 
ther question  marched  into  my  mind, 
escorted  by  a  somewhat  defiant  oughL 

"  Ought  I  to  go  when  1  have  such  a 
debate  about  it?" 

But  while  I  was  perplexe<l  and  scoffing 
at  my  own  scniples,  the  ferrv-bell  sud- 
denly rang,  and  answered  all  my  queB- 
tions.  Involuntarily  I  hurried  on  board. 
The  boat  slipped  fvom  the  dock.  I  went 
up  on  deck  t«)  enjoy  the  view  of  the  city 
from  the  l>ay,  but  just  as  1  sat  down  and 
meant  to  have  saifl  *'  how  beautiful !  "  I 
found  myself  a.-^king : 

'•  Ought  I  to  have  come  ?  " 

Lostin  ptTplexing  debate  I  saw  little 
of  tlie  scenery  of  the  bay  ;  but  the  remem- 
brance of  Piu-'  aid  the  gentle  inHuenco 
of  the  day  plunged  me  into  a  nnx>d  of 
pensive. reverie  which  nothing  tended  to 
destroy,  until  we  suddenly.arrived  at  tlio 
l.inding.  As  I  was  stepping  a-<hore  1  wa« 
greete<l  by  Mr.  Bounie,  who  passes  the 
summer  on  the  island,  and  who  hospita- 
bly asked  if  1  were  gt)ing  his  way.  Ilia 
way  was  towanl  the  southern  end  of  the 
island,  and  1  said  yes.  His  {)«>ckets  were 
full  of  papers  and  his  brow  of  wrinkles, 
80  when  wo  reached  the  point  where  he 
should  turn  oUJ  I  asked  him  to  lei  me 


48 


Sea  from  Shore. 


rjui, 


alight,  althongh  he  was  Very  anxious  to 
cany  me  wherever  I  was  goinp. 

"  I  am  only  Rtrojling  about,"  I  answer- 
ed as  I  dambcrcd  carefuUy  out  of  the 
wagon. 

"  Strolling  about  ?"  asked  he  in  a  be- 
wildered manner,  "  do  people  stroll  about 
nowadays  ?  " 

"  Sometimes,"  I  answered,  smiling,  as 
I  pulled  my  trousers  down  over  my  bcfots, 
for  they  had  dragged  up  as  I  stepped  out 
of  the  wagon,  "  and  beside,  what  can  an 
old  bookkeeper  do  better  in  the  dull 
season  than  stroll  about  this  pleasant  is- 
land and  watch  the  ships  at  sea  ?  " 

Bourne  looked  at  me  with  his  weary 
eyes. 

"I'd  give  five  thousand  dollars  a  year 
for  a  dull  season,"  said  he,  "  but  as  for 
strolling,  I've  forgotten  how." 

As  he  spoke  his  eyes  wandered  dreami- 
ly across  the  fields  and  woods,  and  were 
fastened  upon  distant  sails. 

"  It  is  pleasant,"  he  said  musingly,  and 
fell  into  silence.  But  I  had  no  time  to 
spare,  so  I  wished  him  good  afternoon. 

"  I  hope  your  wife  is  well "  said  Bourne 
to  me,  as  I  turned  away.  Poor  Bourne  I 
He  drove  on  alone  in  his  wagon. 

But  I  made  haste  to  the  most  solitary 
point  upon  the  southern  shore,  and  there 
sat,  glad  to  be  so  near  the  sea.  There  was 
that  warm  sympathetic  silence  in  the  air 
that  gives  to  Indian-summer  days  almost 
a  human  tenderness  of  feeling.  A  deli- 
cate haze,  that  seemed  only  the  kindly  air 
made  visible,  hung  over  the  sea.  The 
water  lapped  languidly  among  the  rocks, 
and  the  voices  of  children  in  a  boat  be- 
yond rang  musically,  and  gradually  rece- 
ded until  they  were  lost  in  the  distance. 
It  was  some  time  before  I  was  aware  of 
the  outline  of  a  large  ship  drawn  vaguely 
upon  the  mist,  which  I  supposed  at  first  to 
be  only  a  kind  of  mirage.  But  the  more 
steadfastly  I  gazed,  the  more  distinct  it  be- 
came, and  I  could  no*  longer  doubt  that  I 
Haw  a  stately  ship  lying  at  anchor  not 
more  than  half  a  mile  from  the  land. 

*'  It  is  an  extraordinary  place  to  anchor." 
I  said  to  myself.  ^'  or  can  she  be  ashore  ?*' 

There  were  no  signs  of  distress ;  the 
sails  were  carefully  clewed  up,  and  there 
were  no  sailors  in  the  tops  nor  upon  the 
shrouds.  A  iiag,  of  which  I  could  not  see 
the  device  or  the  nation,  hung  heavily  at 
the  stem,  and  looked  as  if  it  had  fallen 
asleep.  My  curiosity  began  to  be  singu- 
larly excited.  The  form  of  the  v^«el 
seemed  not  to  be  permanent,  but  within  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  1  was  sure  that  I  had 
aeen  half  a  doien  different  ships.  As  I 
gtied  I  saw  no  more  sdlsi  nor  masts,  bat 


a  long  range  of  oars,  flashing  like  a  golden 
fringe,  or  straight  and  stiff  like  the  legs 
of  a  sea- monster. 

*•  It  is  some  bloated  crab  or  lobster  mag- 
nified by  the  mist,"  I  said  to  myself  com- 
placently. 

But  at  the  same  moment  there  was  a 
concentrated  flashing  and  blazing  in  one 
spot  among  the  rigging,  and  it  was  as  if  I 
saw  a  beatified  ram,  or,  more  truly,  a 
sheepskin  splendid  a«i  the-hair  of  Berenice. 

"  Is  that  the  golden  fleece  ?  "  I  tliought 
'•But  surely  Jason  and  the  Argonauts 
have  gone  home  long  since.  Do  people  go 
on  gold-fleecing  expeditions  now  ?"  I  asked 
myself  in  perplexity.  *'Can  this  be  a 
California  eteamcr  ?  '• 

now  could  I  have  thouglit  it  a  steamer  ? 
Did  I  not  see  those  sails  **  thin  and  sere  ?  " 
Did  I  not  feel  the  melancholy  of  that  sol- 
itary bark  ?  It  had  a  mystic  aura ;  a 
boreal  brilliancy  shimmered  in  its  wake, 
for  it  was  drifting  seaward.  A  strange 
fear  curdled  along  my  veins.  That  sum- 
mer sun  shone  cool.  The  weary,  battered 
ship  was  gashed  as  if  gnawed  by  ice. 
There  was  terror  in  the  air,  as  a  "  skinny 
hand  so  brown  "  waved  to  me  from  the 
deck.  I  lay  as  one  bewitched.  The  hand 
of  the  ancient  mariner  seemed  to  be  reach- 
ing for  me  like  the  hand  of  death. 

Death  ?  Why.  as  I  was  inly  praying 
Prue's  forgiveness  for  my  solitary  ramble 
and  consequent  demise,  a  glance  like  the 
fulness  of  summer  splendor  gushed  over 
me;  the  odor  of  flowers  and  of  eastern 
gums  made  all  the  atmosphere.  I  breath- 
ed the  orient  and  lay  drunk  with  balm, 
while  that  strange  ship,  a  golden  galley 
now,  with  glistening  draperies  festooned 
.  with  flowers,  paced  to  the  measured  beat 
of  oars  along  the  calm,  and  Cleopatra 
smiled  alluringly  from  the  great  pageant's 
heart. 

Was  this  a  barge  for  summer  waters 
this  peculiar  ship  I  saw  ?  It  had  a  ruined 
dignity,  a  cumbrous  grandeur,  although 
its  masts  were  shattered  and  its  sails  renL 
It  hung  pretcmaturally  still  upon  the  sea, 
as  if  tormented  and  exhausted  by  long 
driving  and  drifting.  I  saw  no  sailors,  but 
a  great  Spanish  ensign  floated  over,  and 
waved,  a  funeral  plume.  I  knew  it  then. 
The  armada  was  long  since  scattered,  but 
floating  far  * 

last  for  centuries,  and  again  restored  to 
sight,  here  lay  one  of  the  fated  ships  of 
Spain.  The  huge  galleon  seemed  to  flU 
all  the  air,  boilt  up  against  the  sky  like 
the  gilded  ships  (^  Claude  Lornune  sgsinsfe 
thei 


IBsl] 


Sm  /r6m  Shore, 


m 


BtH  it  IM»  ror  now  m  Mack  fikfr  tlnu 

Wr:;  ■  liiV  ; 

of   •  T'^^u^^|»  OAihs, 

|itt^^  ;iutiili?r  of  COTf!- 

,  ftAd  over  all  Liic  j^uatjr  )h*11  of  ft  tle- 

>  H^  woM  «M  Ebb«ft  Eldit  «*  I  ttIt«HL" 

-Tlicre  wef»  no  don^U  1,,,,,^,  r  imt  mrhr 
i  tky  I  tiAW  ti  Mving  with 

iai|t  thiotuM-  _   i re  scnitorfi 

1^  I  \Mth  dllCIll  boTi- 

tn  liw-  L^  SI  riug*      Th« 

k  h»rk  Kvi  arti  uputi  a  caIhi  hke  ihjit 

r^tailMrti  but(idi'«.     1  kaw  the  Buoen- 

I  and  tli«  nyptiali  t^f  V*ctuc«  «Dd  the 

Wlw  wen*  tlim$  wming  over  the  «if1e  7 
t  Cfwwtbd  the  boftta,  ftnd  sprang  into 
r?  men  in  old  Sfaabh  nrtnor, 
and  sworck  and  bearing  m 
tm  J  Wlm  iru  he  staniling 
<iedc  with  folilrcl  arms  and  gn- 
[  towafd  the  Aborts  as  loTtfs  on  their 
mod  martyrs  npon  Ueaven? 
'wli^  clbtatit  and  tumultuous  mim 
[  ddi  amatl  otift  Cflciip^  Irom  other 
afKJ  distant  snores?  Wh»t 
I  of  foiTiKn  tivTimjiS^  forgotten  nm?, 
,  and  whui  hohmmly  of  dnhtirk- 
|1  Wan  ihh  pitve  fbrnn«  (VthiriM'ti*  ? 
Yd  theaft  wer«  not  iw)  ^^juitiwh  ah  ttiKj 
j«it  now.  This  grtmp  of  strri:i- 
with  hii^h  fjfukf-vJ  hnts,  who 


iflli  tipf>tb 

1  <lw!k  AJid   ItM^kc'd  out 

p»  ft  ah 

t  <t*tijd  *nx»  hy  th*'ir 

vkot  ■nile  L" 

'      son,  wft.«   roii^h, 

Idteii^Midr 

In  tliat  Koft  ftf- 

niMa,  iiwidif 

■ "'  ^njii^jfi  li|iuii 

■1  iMil  d«. 

V    ll4^.ntl  to 

B  l»  t»  «ecinv^ 

...  ,j>f  H'iiilry 

wBMlMid? 
UliM&Mar 

ntom-nhtpoauld 

•filahfnijaf 

f«tU^   "irlivr*    « 

hiiiiiil    1    kEo  ?     ^  hiiui 

IMM  I  niiVCt  what  f^h'nikl  I  ^i^^l  Is  nnt 

Mtbairwd  thai 

»  h 

!  Itiiia.  tlM  Al(wnU»  tJi^il  J  havL  lo.t  /  ' 

Aa  I  «at  ptarin^  At  it  I  could  not  hi3t 

wbdlier   iioanit  bail  awn  tliin 

vbn  k«  lmjk«d  upOQ  Ibo  wat^r? 

k  lit  tot  aueb  sifjt^ta  rr^r  dfi^',  be- 

I  ba  lif«a  doim  t^re  I     In  tt  nut  f^r- 

( ft  maci<^t  yacht  ar  hia  ?  and  dot»i  h« 

I  filir  pn^mf ^1^  after  biialnitis  bonrs  ta 

,  and  Spaiii,  and  Epyfit^  fwrftap^  to 

|><irsAint     Does  b«   run   ni^.s    wiih 

ftj,  PtutopftUr  ami  IJirm  of  S)in- 

nfft  regaUat  on    fabuluoi  «yu  I 


Why  not  1  He  U  a  i-ii^h  nmn  t*n>.  And  wlMf 
should  not  (^  Xpw  York  nicrohnnt  m 
whtit  a  SyriiciiM?  tymnt  nnd  an  Eiiyptian 
I » r  i  I  ice  did?  11  j*  ^i  1  to  urnc's  y  a  eJ  1 1'  tho«e 
tmiiptuoiH  chftinberii,  like  I*hi%iiiter*g 
^ilk*rv*  of  which  the  greater  jinrt  win 
made  of  ^pht  cedar,  and  of  Mtlcsmn  cy* 
prcs*;;  And  hA^  In*  tvvnity  diwirs  jiut  trt- 
fli*ther  with  bt'nms  c»f  ritroii-woocl  wt\)\ 
tunny  omriniriit-i  ?  Ilrt^  tho  roof  of  his 
cabin  a  i-arvcd  (fi»!d*>n  fiw.'e,  itnd  is  bis  sail 
hncn  wiih  a  ]>nrpiu  fntiiL^'? 

I  suppose  it  is  ho.  J  sAid  to  my^ielf  as  I 
lw>kfd  wist  folly  lit  I  he  ?ihip  which  begjm 
to  pli miner  mid  melt  in  the  hsize* 

''  It  etTtftinly.is  not  a  Miin^  sni*ek  ?" 
I  mkpil  douljlfiiUy, 

No.  It  nnif^t  hi}  Bcmrne^s  niaigfc!  rw:hl ;  I 
was  sure  of  it*  I  mM  not  help  Uu^hing 
at  |x)or  old  Hiem,  uhu»ie  cabins  were  di- 
vided into  tnany  rootus  with  floors  cotu- 
pogeii  of  mOBJiie  work  of  all  Isind-^  of -if  ones 
tiissftllated.  And  on  this  nR^wuV  the  whole 
story  of  the  Illnd  was  dfpicted  in  a  niar- 
?eTlous  mannLT  lie  had  oidy  purdens 
*'oi  nMmrU  of  n^o^l  wonder  In  I  Ixaufy. 
enriched  with  nil  sorts  of  jiIanLij  au4 
shad-iw^l  by  roofs  of  lead  or  tiles.  And 
iKjj^idoii  thi»,  ther*?  wtrt*  tent^  roofed  with 
bou|;hs  of  white  ivy  m\*l  of  llw  vine,  the 
root*  of  whkdi  deri^eil  their  nioistutr  from 
casks  full  of  earth,  nnd  w«fre  watered  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  pui^ienfi^  There 
wvn'  t4itiple!^,a!sfj.  with  door**  of  ivory  and 
citron- wytnL  rurnt**hiHl  in  the  numi  ejt- 
quiMtc  nmiiner,  wit^  pk'tnivs  and  litiitneA, 
and  with  go  bids  imd  vasiss  of  « Very  form 
and  hhii]H>  hu:iginEihli<.'' 

**  Pi  Mir  Hoiit  rie  I  *^  I  Kaid^  **  I  sitp|x>«e  hi* 
is  finer  thun  thut  whieh  is;  a  thmisiutl 
yc'ars  oliL  l*<jcjr  I  to  unit*  I  1  donU  wonder 
thttt  his  eyert  are  weiiry,  ntid  that  he 
wonl<l  jiay  ^o  dearly  for  a  diiy  of  h/i.-siire, 
iJear  nie  I  ia  it  one  of  the  pHcf's  tliat  niiiNt 
Im?  paifl  for  wealth,  the  kwping  npamn^c 
yju-hLl" 

Involuntarily  1  had  asked  the  questioa 
aloud. 

**  The  migie  yaehtris  not  Bounw's,"  im- 

vfite^l  a  farnihnr  roiee»  I  liMike*!  up 
:jd  TitlKittoin  Ktood  by  my  «idtu  *•  Ilo 
\tm  not  know  that  all  Bourne'**  iiioncy 
woultl  not  Imy  the  yacht  / "  a-*ked  ho, 
*^  [le  i-annot  even  He*:  it.  And  tf  he  eonId« 
it  woiihi  tn'  Uif  rii;i4:ir  yacht  Ui  hini^  but 
only  a  Imttrn^d  and  iitfilitary  bnlk.  *^ 

The  haxe  blew  p-*^nUy  uwiiy  an  Tit* 
b<»ltofn  K(M>ke.  at*!  ih.i..  ir,i  n,.  Si.inidh 
galleon,  my    lio'  laV 

galley  and  iVduii  ,  cind 

the  Pilprim's  Muv  i-  Uiwit,  an  old  bkacll* 
tng  wreck  op  in  tbi-  l*«^*h* 

'*  Do  ;  ou  9^up|ioM;  any  true  low  tft  ia 


80 


Hard-Up, 


P«l7 


vwn?'*  iisked  Titbottom  solenmlfj  is  ho 
BtocHl  hare  headed,  and  the  soft  sunset 
wiD*i  |jl'un.^l  with  his  few  H&irs.  -*  Could 
Cleojmtrft  ,smile  uptJD  Antony,  and  the 
tnoon  iijion  Endymionj  and  the  bca  not 
Jovt*  its  lovers  ?  " 

Tbe  fresh  sea  air  breathed  upon  our 
fiuses  us  lie  fipoke.  T  might  have  mailed  in 
Hiero's  ship,  or  in  Roman  galleys,  had  I 
lived  long  centuries  ago,  aod  been  born  ft 
Bobleman,  But  would  it  be  so  sweet  a 
rcnietnhr?ina^.  tliat  of  lying  on  a  msrblo 
couuh  under  a  golden  faced  roof  and  with- 
in doors  of  citron  wood  and  ivory ,  and 
Bailing  in  that  state  to  g^eet  queens  who 
are  mummies  now^  as  that  of  seeing  these 
fdr  ligun-s^  standing  under  the  great  gon- 
falons^ theu> selves  as  lovely  as  Egyptian 
belle«3.  aiul  going  to  see  mor<?  tijau  Egypt 
dreamed  ? 

The  yticht  was  tnine.  then,  and  not 
Bounie*s.  I  took  Titbottotn'a  arm  and 
we  sauiitercd   toward   the  furry*     What 


sumpitiouR  SulUn  was  T,  with  this  sodij 
Yizier?  Sfj  languid  odalisque,  the  sea, 
lay  at  my  feet  a^  we  adTanced,  and  spark* 
led  all  over  with  a  sunset  smile,  Ilad  I 
trusted  myself  to  her  arms  to  be  home  to 
the  realms  that  I  shall  noTer  see.  or  sailed 
long  voyages  toward  Cathay^  I  am  not 
sure  I  should  have  brought  a  more  pre- 
cious present  to  Prue^  than  the  story  of 
that  afternoon. 

'^ Ought  I  to  have  gone  alone?"  I  ask- 
ed her  as  T  ended* 

"  I  ought  not  to  have  gone  with  you/* 
she  replied,  **  for  I  had  work  to  do.  But 
how  strange  that  you  should  see  such 
things  at  Staten  Island.  I  never  did^  Mr^ 
Titbottom."  said  *ihe»  turning  to  my  dep- 
uty, whom  I  had  asked  to  tea. 

*'JIadam,"  auswen^d  Titbottom,  with 
n  kind  of  wan  and  quaint  dignity^  so  that 
I  could  not  help  thinking  he  must  have 
arrived  in  that  stray  ship  from  the  Spanish 
armada,  '^  neither  did  Sir.  Bourne," 


HAR0-UP, 


0E4FTEB  L 

rpHE  title  of  this  arlicle  may  induce 
X.  people  to  iiupp0{?e  that  f  am  writing 
from  experience ;  that  T  am,  perhaps,  ia 
debt,  and  s^hort  of  money.  I  am  no  such 
thing.  On  the  ojntrary  I  am  exceedingly 
wealtljy.  I  have  very  large  possessions 
in  Ireland.  1  have  a  greaier  snrn  than 
modesty  allows  me  to  mention,  invested 
in  TuBcarora  coal  stock.  My  credit  is 
Tinequalied  in  Innumerable  pkcts,  that 
it  would  be  too  tecLious  to  particularize*  I 
can  at  any  moment  draw  on  my  banker 
for  any  sum  the  public  may  choose  to 
name*  I  deal  with  the  most  expensive 
tftilora^  drink  vhiS  vougeot  every  day  for 
dinner ;  in  short  I  have  never  known  for  an 
instant  what  it  was  to  want  money. 

What  I  am  about  to  detail  is  merely  the 
«r^ult  of  (XTtain  coufessions  of  a  friend  of 
mine^ — no,  not  a  friend  either.  An  ac- 
quaintance, say.  A  casual  acquaintance, 
who^  in  a  moment  of  after-dinner  coinma- 
nicativeut'ss,  disci osimI  to  me  a  good  many 
facts  conwrtimg  his  history.  [  should  bii 
very  rainh  annovijil  indee*l  if  juny  body 
were  to  huagine  that  I  am  iu  the  remoU^I 
degree  connected  with  these  details  of 
povert}'.  As  J  said  befurt.*,  my  circuui- 
stauee^  tin*  in  the  most  t]^>urbhtng  cotidi* 
tion,     F.vtrry  thing  etisuotial  to  lu^urioua 


enjoy meTit  snrroands  me  a^  I  writej  and 
1  have  four  aervanLi  (in  blue  liveries)  wait- 
ing respectfully  at  the  end  of  the  spadous 
and  nchly  furnished  apartment  m  which 
I  ani  sitting*  in  order  to  carry  this  article, 
page  by  page,  to  the  Editor  of  Futnam^s 
Monthly,  If  he  donH  take  it,  Til  offer  it 
to  Harper,  for  I  want  the  mo — ^-  that  ia 
to  aay.  I  am  anxtouB  that  the  public  should 
have  the  benefit  of  my — acquaintance's  i 
experience. 

His  name  is  Sfynus.  Belisarius  MynusL 
His  father  was  somebody  if  I  could' only 
recount  whom.  His  mother  was  Dobo«iy, 
as  well  as  I  oould  gather  from  him.  And 
he  Tvas  born,  heaven  knows  where.  Ho 
has^  however^  a  name*  Whether  this  name 
results  from  his  parents,  or  from  chance^ 
or  fmm  hi^  own  invention,  I  am  at  this 
moment  quite  unwilhng  to  i^y. 

Slynus,  I  believe,  began  life  by  becom- 
ing a  literary  man.     That  is  to  f^ay^  bo 
lived  in  a  garret,  and  contributed  to  tho 
Oct'ident  periodical*  '  His  ciiildbot>d  is  lost 
in   ohhurtirity,  and  the  (irst  cp<.M:h   from 
w*hich  I  c:ui  ihiti*  his  existeuce,  i^.  the  pub- 
licalion  of  a  story  entitled  'The  Animated  , 
Skvh'ion.*^     At  III  is  j>triod  of  his  life  ho  j 
kcj^t  bin  cttal^  in  a  hat»box,  anri   bit'th^d  I 
elu't'.se  on  a  lirwshovid.     FviXu  tln»  carhcHt 
kiroun  |H.'riod.  hisi  timmces  were   not  in  a 
tlourinhing  condition*  The  Orcident  Magi^ 
ziite  was  not  over  hbcral  iu  iti<  pay^     My- 


E^fdUp, 


n 


MiMtii^n^kni  for  ^'Th^  Ammjitcd 
Skawtoa.**  wY^h-Ii  tuiuk  t^xncily  twelve 
nfts,  ftti  '  nm*  lin<?^ — which  lft>*f, 

liy  lJi»  V  'r>  have  l*ecn  (mid  for 

ti  a  whnj**  I'^g''.  't  tiic  ptlit^if  liii4  had  any 
imnor  in  hiin.  btit  he  hii>i  ma— anil   I10 
hiii  to  «Jitt»t  nn  that   ^xnw  for  At(  rntire 
MMilli.  ivhk^Hi  wben  the  prici?  of  mciaU  wa?^ 
dwtoeted,  K-fl  but  a  Mimll  tuarj^ji  far  dothes 
and   packt't    iiitinry,      ^'u^y  hcnjii^   alB(>, 
1ft Till. \  iti^rntion  ijave  oiiL     Tlim  wag 
^r  -Mild ;  hut  I  wili  mwntmiti 
v,  ihiit  Mjnus  can  writhe  a 
{lioffieiit  than  any  nun 
*     I  have  a  tale  m  my 
40«k  Lki«  |4-t'^iii  hour --a,  laXv  of  /ir#  t 
bqf  j<m     f^>    nn«l*T!*t4Mjd — entitled  Tho 
"^        act  .  which  I  will  back  for 

itt  <  er,  aj^inst  any  .story 

*       "  '►,  or  Hawthorne  ever 

^  r  tliHt  may  be.  Mynua 
»  jv  *,  i^T^tuM  mrr^er.  It  was,  he  sajd^  a 
|«ltry  and  un^mufu!  profession.  Editors 
«i*i  »tjt  Ji|>fvrpciat«  jrvniu^  when  they  met 
it;  ro  ftddiUcin  t«*  wliu-li,  Ihey  wert*,  h^^ 
pnmnkX  n»k',  Iht' u leanest,  most  dishonesty, 
an*!  n^i^t  ignorunt  of  mankind-  Of  pub- 
li«J^cr«  iu?  had  ft  8unr1arly  jriAi  opmion.  A 
|:«hhHl^.T  vr&!D  «  niKldle  man.  stamhnj^  lK^- 
t««^4k  the  author  and  tht  pnhhc,  and 
faring  on  the  plunder  of  both.  Let  him 
IhH  0O5C  KTow  rirh,  Mynii«5i  would  say* 
«ad  liv  wmild  rru>^h  all  ^i\<^h  Termtn  into 
tikp  BiffittUrst  du»<t  of  tnfamy  ! 

M)nu4  look  his  deftfirlurc  imm  the 
rtabn^  of  ^rttun.  w^th  a  ^hiUmji;  in  »dver^ 
tixrei  otiilM  m  ix>p|nTS  ^>>d  an  hneution. 
Tbrav  <t»Qtf^t}iti It'll  tiii  entire  capitaJ.     The 


VBtiabif 


Mm  titai 
PUT  fetmu^ 


diati'ly 

.'It  f'on* 

^vc-alth, 

capitaj  tg  set  it 

sed    it   to   llin^ts 

as   aln^ailvj  but 

f^jtjs  wiiic:h  hovers 

■Ti  any  wjiy  with 

.  i  >i  )ii  *i'ticability . 

dead,  wine  Imd 

:en  uii  it^  rcsiiilu^ 


CBATTEB  n, 

km   *irfm»k«  jii«iifft 

h^ri  Uti-l  In  KT37-i!»"th  Ktrt?et,     You 
r<  In  t^al  hxrahtv, 
n  v^tj,     X(it  Tfmt 
lb  H 

fa- 
il ja  dii!  lly 
III!  and  nti* 
lArf^l'"^'"**-     if  *t<   wuiu  ti,    who  occu[»y 


themselves  vrjth  abusing  eai^h  othiT  bi 
celbn*.  Brutal  German  FhoemakeM  in- 
habit thv  haiH'mentS'^1  mar  remark  m 
panmnt  that  the  German  shoeimiker  is 
t'  '  -t  dtin  in  existence^  at   lensl  90 

> — ^washerwomen,  orjijian^cam- 
■3  L  c  L  >  - 1  -,.  .tnd  ol d  clo t hefi  res nscitatorjj  geti- 
t^rpilly  o<N*upyinf^  the  upper  fimrs.  A 
Dutch  grocery^  cjfcoiinie.  looms  at  either 
comer,  wfiere  at  night  a  red.  nnwhote*! 
lome  lifrht  glares  out  upon  the  dark  streot. 
and  tih ricks  and  blasphemies,  and  cries  of 
murdi»r  who  along  the  Btones»  i 

>Jyniis  had  a  poor  room  tn  the  honm 
of  a  t^oatamicr^  a  large  red-fuctd  Falstaf- 
fiaii  Israelite,  who  majde  h»g   living  by 
e^upfptyingone  of  our  theatres  with  certain 
articles  of  stage   wartirobep      Hw  made 
calico  doublets  trimmed  with  yellow  wool- 1 
len  bmtd,   that   looked  by  gaslight  like 
Kilken  apparel  dt-co rated  with  i^^ld*     lira 
K^^imm  helmets  were  wonderfully  rlanvi- 
cal  and  effect iTii,  tfje   head-piece.^    being! 
generally   conMtmcled  of    old   bx>l-top4  j 
ehaperi  and   varniHhud+    witJi  an   arrhi*d ) 
piece  of  wooti  fastened  on  top,  which  was 
adorned  with  copper  leaf  that  at  uighl 
shone  With  mnch  ^pk-ndur.  on  tlie  huads 
of  supernumeraries*    Sofuetiines  -^fynnft's 
landlord  would  have  i*>  make  a  coat  for 
tho  chief  icior,  and  then  h^  would  taktt  ^ 
great   painii  mdet'd.     He  would  be  seen 
running  about  in  fut  ha«ttN  with  httle  fx^n 
and  ink  sketches  of  the  garment  ]u  hii 
pi>ckeK  ptckin^  up  bugks  hero  and  MWer 
cord  theit^,  and    imitation    |KHnt   bee  in 
another  place.     And  then  there  i^ould  \m 
trcnienduus  setving  and  bastiin^^  altering 
and  fitting,  anfl  ni  Hi  Hate  me.ssiagL*,<  fium  th« 
chief  actor  to  hiirry  uji  thin  tniat  fur  dn.-^  I 
rehearsal,   nntil  at    laut  the  coijituinier'l 
tnumph  would  Im.*  eompbttiby  aceitig  in 
the  piny  hiU  i 

Tt  waft  he  rip  that  Mr,  lk*ti!«anu.<  Mynus  ' 
ha/l  a  miM.*r*ihle  attic,  for  vvliich  he  waf 
popularly  Hupjx>>v<l   to   pay   the  Wflekljr  , 
Bum   of  twfi  dttlhirs     Jaku  many  other 
(w> I N u I ar  *i » pjK J8t  I  ions  1  h is,  h*  t  we  v^r.  was  a 
drSusion;  ami  at  the  tinir  I  hpi'^k  of  My- 
nu^  hadartunliy  aecotnplishcd  the  nevt-p- 
li^'l»forirt*t1en  nrh^  vi-ment  of  rimniiij?  in 
debt   to  a  Jew,  t«j  thv   :ifmnjnt    t,f  i-Hir-  ' 
Ia*?u  dollaris  and  twtMi 
old  eent.s  wer*?  on  Bi""  • ' 
ofbrttO'ly  and  wati^r^  ami  mpny*  ■• 
m  hO|ip|iiHJ  |f»  Mr.  Mynuft  on  tli.  1 

of  his  !i Jiving  a  hteraiy  party. 

The  -rthole  Koum?  n?eketl  of   lh»'atrt^ 
If  unv  wu^tt*  p«|»cr  wttH  huddhtl  awav  *n 
mniT  r*,  it  w  sis*  j-nre  to  he  a  mn-^  nf  nld  ] 
pUy  bUhs,    iiandy  mlored  prinUof  t^t*y 


Jfiirtf.Pii. 


pitiy 


rite  ajt^tors  hung  on  the  w&lh.  There  were 
Jantcs  Wallftck  as  Hoik,  and  Echsrin  For- 
rest, bciirinir  an  unl  hailed  muuber  of  per- 
Koiis  off  of  the  stage  under  each  aran,  T»w- 
iln  drc'sses,  booking  tarnished  tmd  mouldy 
in  the  dajhijht,  littered  the  rmjms*  Tlieat- 
rJciU  properties  served  the  most  foreijjn 
ji  1 1 v^niB^^.  1  he  coals  were  ke pt  in  a  ScaV^h 
trir:;e,  and  a  two-himded  sword  of  the  Ger- 
man  middle-age  period,  was  ninck  in  the 
window  m^h  to  keep  i t  from  rat tl i nf;^.  Mrs, 
Sollerman  Isaacs,  in  the  privacy  of  her  do- 
mestic dticle,  iii^uuU  J  appeared  inaeotton 
Tchet  coronation  rolje,  hy  way  of  a  dressing 
gown,  llehnets,  shiokls,  doublete,  green, 
rctl  and  blue,  trunk  hose,  and  clof^tic 
tights,  jack  and  Spanish  booL^  together 
with  a  thousand  other  pirish  and  iJI- 
ficented  artkles  of  attire^  lay  all  over  the 
house,  with  the  dirt  and  craziness  of 
whii^h,  tliese  fe^jtal  garmeii|a  contrasted 
Btrangel)^, 

JTynuk  poor  fellow,  after  hts  final  re- 
solve to  cut  literature,  entered  his  abode 
in  rather  dull  spirits*  HtJ  stole  upstairs, 
so  that  his  landb.ird  mi^ht  not  hear  hira^ 
and  advifrt  to  the  unsettled  ao-ount^  ou 
the  istair-case,  which  event  would  l>e  nuts 
and  cht^ese  to  his  fellow-lodgers,  who 
would  be  sure  to  listen  at  their  doors. 
IkhnuR  was  to  a  certain  extent  careless 
nliotit  being  dunned  in  private^  but  a  putt- 
Ik  dun  was  more  than  he  was  aocustomcd 
to  l*eur  with  equanimity, 

lie  ^t  donn  at  his  table,  and  revolTed 
hi.^  pre^nt  position.  It  was  by  no  in  cans 
briliiant.  One  shilling  and  thrfejience 
was  not  an  immoderate  capital  to  com- 
mL-nce  life  oyer  again  with ;  and  without 
cnjiital  what  was  to  become  of  his  iuYcu- 
tion? 

"  A  curse  on  all  publishers  and  capitat- 
ists/'  he  muttorcdf  jingling  the  one  and 
tlireei*ence  in  his  left  trousers  pocket,  the 
only  one  that  bad  no  holes  in  it.  **  They 
liii^ht  have  made  a  fortune  out  of  me  had 
they  chosen.  There  were  my  collected 
tales  wiiich  I  ofiered  to  Plebbins,  the  best 
things  of  the  kind  ever  published  in  this 
CJOuntry,  and  he  refused  them,  forsooth, 
because!  ^  the  subjects  were  revolting.'  Aa 
if  a  publisher  could  tell  whether  a  thing 
WiUH  revi'Iting  or  noti  Then  there  was 
loy  Romance,  ^  The  Infernal  Machine,  or. 
the  Celestial  Coi^urer,'  ihui  way  unsuitecl 
to  publication  too,  because  the  hero  hap- 

Seui'd  to  be  a  cannibal,  who  eventually 
evours  the  young  lady  to  whom  he  is 
attached.  An  idea  in  it3>elf  so  ori initial 
tnd  stnking  that  it  would  bf*  the  making 
of  any  t^ook*  The  fact  of  it  i>,  an  original 
man  ha.^  no  chance  in  the  world.  'Tjs 
ojtly  your  commoti -place  scribblers  who 


get  on.  Fellows  who  write  wifthj-washj 
domc,«itic  stories,  with  a  pretty  girl  and 
iroo<l  old  man  in  each.  Tlu^se  tliiu^  sell. 
These  go  do\^n ;  vi  bile  the  man  who.  like 
mCj  labors  to  produce  an  artistic  and  ori- 
ginal work,  may  starve  [  Oh  I  a  cwr&e  on 
all  publishers,^  VU  never  write  a  line 
again  as  long  as  I  lire  \  *' 

So  £:aying.  Mr,  Beltsnnus  seized  a  pen, 
,dipi>ed  it  in  his  ink-bottle,  and  coitiitienced 
a  three  act  oomedj  on  the  p^t 

He  had  got  to  a  very  exciting  situation 
in  the  first  act,  Mhcn  hia  hero,  having 
dif^guised  himscJf  in  a  beaPs  skin  in  order 
to  carry  out  an  intrigue,  was  6ci?;'.'d  by 
thti  ke£*i>er  of  I  menagerie  and  kicked  up 
with  other  wild  animals,  he  not  daring  to 
di^lose  bis  identity,  for  some  reason  that 
Mynus  was  just  then  trying  to  hit  upon, 
when  the  door  of  his  room  opened,  and  a 
deep  bass  voice  cried, 

**  Mister  MmusT* 

"  Well  !*'  said  Mynns.  doggedly. 

**Did  Henry  the  Eighth  wear  shoe- 
buckles?'* 

*-No,    Rosettes,'* 

"  And  the  toes  to  his  shoes?** 

^^  Brand  and  round," 

'^Mister  Mynus/*  and  here  the  door 
was  opened  wider,  and  a  large,  groasy 
faced  man,  M*iib  a  three  days*  bt^aid.  en- 
tered. ''  Mister  Mynus.  About  that  lit- 
tle bill.  If  you  can  settle  it  to-day^  I 
shall  be  glad,  for  I  am  Fhort  of  moncT^ 
and  I  must  buy  tlio  stnif  for  CromwelpR 
breeches.'' 

^^  I  haven't  got  any  money  nt  all.  Mr* 
Isaacs,'^  said  Mynus.  turning  round  dea- 
perately^,  and  facing  the  dun.  "It-s  nO 
use  coming  to  me  now,  Vm  writing  a 
play  for  Mr.  Tiddler  of  the  Mulberry  The- 
atre, and  he'«  to  give  me  five  hmidretl 
dollars  for  it  when  it's  finished.  Pti  pay 
you  then." 

A  sort  of  keen  light  glittered  in  the 
Jew's  black  eyes,  lie  knew  perfectly 
well  that  Mynus  was  telling  a  lie,  but  he 
gave  no  indication  whatever  of  any  con- 
sciousness ubout  the  matter  beyond  a 
thick,  oily  grunt,  which  might  be  inter^ 
pre  ted  any  way, 

*■  Well  Mister  Mynus,"  he  said^  "you 
know  it's  hard  for  a  working  man  with  a 
family  to  be  kept  out  of  bis  money,  but 
still  l^n  nn wilting  to  pres5  you  too  hanl, 
l*m  sure  you*d  pay  if  you  could.  Now 
you  iiiigiit  do  me  a  seriloe^  sir^  and  if  you 
wnulil  wiiv  wc  could  talk  about  the  rent 
an  '* 

'  cried  Mynos,  catching  eager- 
ly at  this  htraw* 

"  Why,  sir.  yon  see  I'm  not  much  giron 
to  walking  of  lato*    Vm  (^tting  inta  Qeshj 


ISM.] 


Ward' up. 


6S 


•r,  mnA  it  titr*  mc.  ^tiH  I  !m  ve  to  niti 
AK#wir  1  err  lit  d«iil  from  the^trv  U*  thritre, 
ftD<  ^  h<':\*y  liai5  with  me  to  ho\t{ 

ik  Vi>^T.  .sm  I  tliought,  thnt 

f»n .  '  H  n  ff  irt'i  1 1 J  cm&n.  and  if 

jOij  irri'  the  Img  — " 

^  P^Htiii^  very  red 
in  *  ''roni  hb  ehnjr  at 

ed  Mr, 

In-  ,  iPTfii ^r^vi^ii  jtrtr  *>n  his 

lal!  *' X*>  oflem'^\     I  w*oiildn't 

^s  1    '-1'^   ''»>K   T  tlioughtymiM 

At  -l^jwn  to  tee 

Mr  '>t.  lmK(>miii- 

M^  ml  iiollare  for  I  he  pl«y 

y04j  M  I  Tvc  iip  doubt,  hu-ll 

ivovntmcml  mt  »ome  omb  who  will  <?arry 
UMf  Iwf  fir  mi* '^ 

Mjruti^blti  '  t.     IfltsiiAca  went 

WTpWWh*  1  ftbout  the  play, 

ud  TiiHJirt  woulii,  uf  course,  say  that  h© 
mrwtt  bcmrd  f>f  *;i!ch  a  uiitii  lUi  Sly II  OS  ia 
liii  lif^     It  vrui  very  mukward. 

**SUy--«(Uy— d«.ri*t  he  mj  husty,  irn 
lii.^  "'  '  ■  m<Tvd  Bchsariiis,  "  I  didn^t 
1^1  her.     I  ihitik  i  f^hauld  like 

%  lii*,v  —  %*ery  wel).     8e<lentary 

bibit*^  ye*j  f  my  i'h«M  wan  la 

m^nftkw  .  '  rv  }ir  rhri^w  hjick  his 

iw«U«ni  a.^  If  h«'  to  hit  mnm 

^mhtklwlhun^wiv.  us.    ^4S'c  no 

dottbc  Iktl  carrying*— y I) ur  bag  would  Ikj 

**l^orl  no,  Mr,    A  tnefe  fe*th- 

ir  iB  a  I  hk<!  inti.     Quite  an 

ailMfVB)  -ly.     I'lii  gtniv^  to  the 

Bo«wgf  t  vith   itfitTR^   Jimior   for 

Its'  4ijd  if  il%  ri*>t  iHc<»ti* 

fri  J   r^n   come,     Thtrv's 

ta^uki  iiu  fFTuma  ih«  MXDrs,  ttinictiinai| 
mr,  j wt  111*  thing  fi»r  ao  edioited  gent  like 

•  ril  fOy**  aiid  Mriiufi,  faintly,  yield ing 
Is  tkM  frmormief%  dc^iiny  that  scciried  to 
fORBs^  him.  **  Vll  f^D.  hinns ;  btit — but 
^—tim  oe»^tri*t  'Hi  \\\v*  I  aiij.'* 

Vam  '  '  hiH  little   idea  of 

FuBft,   1  ^   name   wm   Dot 

known  iK^jfilo   %n  the  world 

ihfmcic  *  .'  hi*;  f'!rtitTty  di'^cTosed, 

m**  ■■■■n« 

tlift  '  hiia  OLiryuig  ft 
co«                                      airt?. 

'  ■      *tJ8fte*l 

Vll  iu     He 

vsUnt  to  d^i  >nrd  work  of  hii 

lKUBii!3tt,»  v»<i  ,.  ,.,  .V  .jrliy  r«»uiv«f«]  that 
llyaiM,  tfom  bn^ki^ti  tii^  ^lould  Ut  that 

xj,  un  hk  lidtfj  leli  thv  hu* 


mil  in  lion  keenly.  Tie  was  full  of  pride, 
llif>u^h  without  much  of  cither  «?lf*re- 
§i|fC^ct  or  moral  courniri*-  lie  would  lx>r- 
row  rnoTM?v  of  II  ^tJinati,  or  livv  ttp^iu  ft 
friend  without  the  slijLjhtest  compunction, 
y<?t  would  revolt  •  pains t  the;BUml]e.st  so- 
ciid  gii^*!it.  with  nil  l\w  jndipiatjoti  of  no 
incofriifitibie  ccnlleumn. 

**  WclJ,"  said  he,  when  f-Haiica  was  gono^ 
''I  nitist  make  the  ticst of  it,  I  supixjac, 
I  shult  learn,  fierhapK.  Romethmg  about 
theatrical  ma  iter  b.  and  ihnt  will  lielp  my 
phiy»  Who  knows  btit  1  tn ay  attract  the 
attention  of  the  manager  him&elf?  He 
mav  oiri'T  me  nn  engagement ;  I  Tnay 
make  a  hit.  Terms  one  hundred!  dollars 
a  nipjht.  «nd  a  benefit  every  week — }\um\ 
1  wbh  Belli!  WOK  here/* 


CIIAPTKII  ItL 

nut  URHT  nr  titi  txjSKJSKd&. 

*^  Well,  Be  I  la  h  here,'*  said  a  voieo  be- 
hind him.  while  a  fantastic  looking  child 
of  about  fiintwn  stole  behind  lum^  and 
stack  a  pen  down  hin  back^  between  his 
HhirtH'ollNr  and  h\^  neck, 

Bella  had  certjiiuly  a  >^tiii-M«rntncal 
ippeAnuice.    5?he  jnok^ed  r  .  hko 

ft  rairy-Qiieen  out  of  eoip  11  er 

gown  had  once  been  a  celesiial  atlair  of 
pink  giiu£e  with  g<^Id  ^panj^le^  on  iL  nnd 
had  no  doubt  ascended  to  heaven  in  matiy 
ft  tftbleaii  w  ith  considerable  erTei:!t.  But 
IMJW  }%  wai?  lorn^  and  sojlud  under  the 
aruiK,  and  the  gpan^le'i  were  fallen  otT, 
though  the  g:itminy  Fpotii  to  wbieh  they 
had  once  adhered  still  rcmamod  ;  in  fchort, 
it  waa  no  longer  available  for  even  the 
lowest  de^ripiioQ  of  fairy-  Her  dirty 
white  kid  sandnU  adde<i  smuewhat  to  her 
di-itrepu table  Mptiearanc:*^,  and  wheii  in  the 
iupsfnii  jif  this  rurriphnL  taw*1^^  r,.i,,| 
siw  gleam  in  j^  one  tA  • 
mnl  miniaiurx'  brtKiriii  .  _  4- 
ing  the  iikcnejii*  of  a  bun(U*iu*ts  respect- 
ftble  looking  old  gentleman,  in  a  Luflf 
waistcoat  antl  blue  coat  one  could  itefttoe- 
ly  get  orer  the  jdea  I  hut  ^he  kepi  a  pawn- 
broker' ft  ftljoji,  aird  ilrci»o«J  lu  rst  If  m  tlie 
unredeemed  ptwds* 

i'hjs  iueoiigfruous  attire  lermin«t*^d  at 
the  mxk^  and  emerjring  from  thin  cliao* 
of  ilnery,   there   rOM^   a  izhn  V     L 

Large,  diiip  blut\  cxpre*^ive  > 
ed  and   soft   by   turr:  ''■'       r,  ,,,   nril 

imootb,  and  Mvniii  bv  a  tort 


dor  and   vtvaaiy   ta  every  motion^  yet 


Hari-TTp. 


[July 


with  sleep  seeming  b  liang:  eror  npm  h<?r 
whilej  bci^vy  eyeliJi*.  su<^h  was  Bella  %s 
ele  WHS  brt'ubing  into  the  prombe  of  a 
gbnouii  womanhootl. 

**  Did  l&iuiics  was  up  here  just  now; 
what  did   he   wtiat  ?**   demanded   Mi^ 

tllft,  btlf  fieattng  herself  oti  Ihc  edge  of 
■'tfae  smflJl  table.'  that  rocked  with  her 
weight,  ftiid  gazing  with  an  air  of  iiiquisi* 
ti?e  boidtie^fis  iit  Bt^li.'^rius, 

^  Oh  !  the  usual  things"  said  Mynui  j 
*'he  <mme  for  \m  rent*" 

•■'And  p>i  the  usual  answer.  I  suppoi^e. 
To  wait  till  Tiesct  week  ^"  and  Miss  Ik-Ua 
biiri?t  into  a  loud,  course  fit  of  laughter, 

*'  Hush  I  shut  up,  Whftt  do  yon  think 
he  hftd  the  impudcsnoe  to  propostJ  to  me  ?  " 

''How  should  I  know?" 

**  Why.  to  carry  hiH  httg  for  hioij  when 
he  goes  io  the  theatres*" 

**  Well,  %  capiul  offer  it  waa,  too.  I 
fispposc  hcUI  give  jou  something  for  your 
trouble." 

'^Biu  theimhgnity,  Bella!" 

'*Psh!iw,  What  husiness  have  you  to 
arc  any  dignity,  without  a  cent  in  your 
IpockeL" 

**  I  hare  one  and  threepence."  said  My- 
nus^  in  a  touo  of  mild  reproael^  a?;  he 
drew  from  his  pocket  the  remnants  of  Lis 
fbrtiine. 

"Oh  I"  cried  Bolla,  with  sudi^en  viva- 
city, ''give  me  sixpence  to  buy'  six- 
penn'orth  of  China  crackers  to  frighten 
old  ]Vrps.  Isaacs*" 

^*  Independent  of  the  considerations  of 
economy,  Bellaj"  gajd  Mynus^  Benten- 
tiously,  *^  which  in  themselvej  are  solid 
enough  to  oppoie  an  impassable  barrier 
to  your  request^  the  impropriety  of  your 
inedit&tcd  attuck  on  your  gujirdii*n's  wife, 
is  sufHcicnt  reason  for  my  declining  to 
idvnnce  the  nccesisary  funds," 

*■  Bother!-^  said  Bella,  pettishly  spat- 
terinj^  the  ink  about  with  th«  quill  end 
of  ii\'nns^i  pen ;  "  old  Isaacs  ain't  my 
guardian," 

^^  Yes  he  is,  for  want  of  a  V>ctter.  When 
youj  a  tender  ttifftnt.  Bella/'  said  Mynus, 
this  lime  assuming  a  pater  no-pathetic 
tone — ^'whea  you,  a  tender  infant,  got 
^C«t  in  the  streets  of  Bostonf  and  old 
OS  you  very  profanely  call  him^ 
licked  jou  up  and  took  you  home,  and 
^advertised  for  your  parents  in  all  the 
papers — *' 

'-  He  did  it  for  tbe  rewu-d  he  thought 
he'd  get."  interrupted  Bella. 

**  But  he  didn't  got  any  reward^  conse- 
.quently  he  couldn't  have  done  it  with 
[that  vieWt"  answered  Mynus,  with  a  ma- 
"  itjc  TogtCj  that  plac^  Mm  matter  beyond 

Noubu 


*'  Well.  I  don't  care,  any  how/*  said 
Bella,  with  a  tos=s  of  her  head,  "  I  don't 
like  him  a  bit^  or  hiii  old  wife  either. 
And  1  know  very  well  all  tliat  they  want 
■is  to  make  money  out  of  me." 

^^  When  do  you  make  your  first  appear^ 
ance.  Bella  7'^ 

**  Wh}',  Mr.  Tiddles  has  promrsed  old 
Isaacs  that  he'll  let  m©  go  into  the  Dance 
of  the  Lilies,  in  the  Flower  Queen,  But 
I  don't  like  ballet.  I  want  to  pky  in 
tragedy." 

''In  tragedy,  do  you  7  it  appears  to  me 
that  you're  rather  anjbttiousj  Bella." 

"  WelL  you  miiy  laugh  as  you  hke,  Jlr, 
Bolisarius,  but  Vv^  practised  ever  so 
much,  1  can  tell  you.  A^\i  Mrs,  Tr^nacs 
if  I  haven't,  I  know  all  Lady  Macbeth 
oli:" 

And  without  a  word,  she  flew  into  a 
corner  c»f  the  room  and  bcgnn  Lady  5lae- 
beth.  It  certamly  \Km  a  most  extraor- 
dinary performance.  Totally  uneducated, 
and  con^uently  quite  unable  to  compre- 
hend, much  less  to  interpret  the  ptiet'a 
meaning,  still  there  flashed  through  her 
y^ry  ridiculous  declamation,  something 
of  tierce  and  unconquerable  genius.  H**r 
voif^  was  rich  and  powerful,  and  her  whole 
fonn  seemed  to  dilate  with  passion^  as  sha 
recited  with  the  moi^t  atrodously  lioni- 
bastic  manner,  passage  after  passage. 
MynuSj  who  knew  nothing  of  the  stage, 
was  struckj  sjjite  of  hinvsclfi  with  this 
glimpse  of  inar tic u late  genius,  so  to  speaks 
*^By  Jnpittr  I"  la'  cried,  starling  up 
enthusiastically',  when  the  girl  having  fin- 
ished, stood  quivering  in  a  corner  with  de- 
parting passion  ;  "  By  Jupiter,  Bella,  I 
tell  you  what  I'll  do  ;  I'll  write  n  play 
for  3^ou,  and  j'ou  shall  come  out  in  it,  and 
make  both  our  fortune*  1  '* 

''  Qh  I  Jeminy ,  w  on't  that  he  splendid  7  " 
shrieked  Bella,  suddt^nly  E^haking  olf  tlio 
tragedy  attitude,  and  dancing  round  the 
room  like  an  elfin  creature,  ''  What  is  it 
going  to  be  ?  tragedy,  comedy,  melodra- 
ma, or  what  7  only  give  me  a  beautiful 
part,  for  I  want  to  be  murdered  and  die — 
no,  I  think  I  ought  to  end  by  being  mar- 
ried. And  then  I  must  have  a  h>ver,  who 
swears  continually  that — " 

**  Pshaw  I  '*  said  >Iynus  oontemptuous- 
ly.  as  he  paced  up  and  down  the  room 
with  majestic  strides,  *'  None  of  your 
common- place  forms  for  me  \  I  despiso 
conventional  rules*  I'll  not  write  a  com- 
edy or  tragedy  divided  Into  acts,  and  with 
entrances  and  exit.9|  an^l  Huch  tmah. 
No,  I'll  have  a  wiltl — strange — untiarthly, 
inexpljcable,  original  sort  of  thing,  with 
no  nets  or  Bceni^ry,  or  charact»Ts,  or  any 
thing  of  that  kind  in  it^  but  il  frhall  U 


55 


qC  i^irUbc  dCbcls.  And  iineicpoctcd 

,  »u4  iW  plot  «h»Il  be  unlikt*  any 

jth»t  WW  ever  h^furtf  i*een  or  hunrd 

tMi^  Cfh^w  (mblighorss  how  h  tnitb  of 
^Bokm  QUI  ri*«e  i^>ori«  Oi^m  nil.** 

*  But  jrcittll  pif*  me  %  um  \mrt,  Mr, 
Mi^^iu>i,**  likiMl^d  El- 1  In,  Mxitiiii^  aUrtu- 
•I  fest  m  *--  ''-  •  "    T^        I'lroriginnJitys 

*T«i  n,. y... i  pdrt,  Bdla; 

snirt  tliatll  m&ki^  your  hair  Btand  on 

Poor  D^tl%  whoxe  rich  brown  trespss 

Ipi^  ^itvl  to  think 

tl^.  Lilure  in  the 

fm^mAitc^  hut  ^.iiu  pr^bAhiy  made  jEotns 
tUofWMiet  far  the  lict'ti^  of  n  poet 

"It  wiU  bpa  tt^nirnrf'  H.*»con- 

tinoad  Beltnariizs,  gro^^  ^'xcited 

M  tlie  idea  grew  dc%ie<u  "  i  ant  is^  if 
Ibt  nmOj  oowan}]j  public^  will  not  ocnn" 
Idba  lo  muth  tb«  efforts  of  the  eagle  ta 
«v  lola  ip»^  Vnu  will  b«  cdled  be- 
fiif«  tbr  *--'♦*•"  Wla,  fiix  timei,  tmd  at 
the  lef*^'  ^hc   »houtH  of  ^  niitborj 

tQtlior,'  ^^  ml  *nd  tht»n  you  will 

ImA  n»  m^rtid^  thi*  f^t^g^,  knee-deep  in 
boQqiwto.  Th»t  pl&y  will  run  &  thotiMiid 
niftfiCi.  I  t^\  (xmTino^  that  it  irill, 
IIcIIa,  u>d  w«  Khnt]  m«k«  loads  of  motiey* 
I  Ml  roQ  wh»t  rit  dcK  BtftU ;  if  it  »uj3- 
oisdi  ni  mtrry  yon.** 

**T«>  tlial-ft  ft  good  idc*,"  luswered 
Betii  p«i»ly.  *^  I  suppose  you'd  belter 
MiTf  Rm  '     if  1  don't  f* It  iu    lovu 

«till«ori  m  th>^  muiu)  tnoc/* 

'^Tlwt  wouiu  t«  impassible,"  snid  My- 
Mb  pfwvUjr^  Iftyinf  hi»  Itcind  upon  hh 
OUMMcripi,  fti  n  to  Okll  her  aili?]ttioti  Co 
Vtm  bd  01  lu«  bttng  t  nuin  of  tran^ieenilent 
^fomm,  **jwi'r«»  »  mM*^*  to  think  of  s^uch  i» 
ttipf.    Po  V  1 1  Isancii  hjM  pit 

Mjiafwr^  ifirt'  ^  fipiin^  xml    Til 

pt  Ca  vork  tt  tmecJ' 

^ntffO  md  ifici,**  iujiwerfd  Bell^,  as 

^  tlvt  Stairtii*  iif  D<kftth/*  tJOntiTiued 
MyiMUt,  sulOcxiiitpng,   '^  Th^t  will  do.  The 

nmj  wvm^    niTtktnfr.    OriLniiAL     F«<ople 


ftU  -itiiK-  pin*  i-  III    1  iniu'c   rir   nuiy^ 

t  tfanikp  irlxTc  |ji^pl(?  weru  kitlod ;  some 
avtflflMlcom  -  *— t-tcw  Am  wny  iVs 
■upMtirM;     >  )^,  B«Hft7*^ 

*1f«L''  «uu  .  ^,  pointing  with  hor 
fm  iii»  »l«irm.  "*  But  old  iMua  nys  it*8 
Im^  T  T  r'Mi  td  pi** 

rul   Oh  I  that  infenml  b»jr. 
H^  mi  Ipnoff  out  tJi  tht  broad 


«  Ytfl,  be  is  thm0\.  m*^  g«t  it  Mdtr 
packed,  and  pf^iou;;  heavy  It  1%  Im, 
There*F?  jlEI  tht?  armv  in  it," 

*'  An  the  Ai-nij  1  '* 

*'  Ves !  ftl]  liie  armj's  dothc^i.  King 
Brchard's  army,  you  Itnow ;  and  I  nijvcr 
saw  mch  jufkels," 

^'Mr^Mynua!  I'm  a  wailing  (hr  you,** 
came  rolling  up  the  stairs  in  old  If^aaf^* 
ba^^  voice,     **i^tir  yoiirsf?lf  a  littl(%  sir.'* 

*'  It's  that  girl  tb'at\s  kct^pin^*'  brm.  she's 
ftlway»  np  thoro.'*  chomsc«l  a  siluill,  femi- 
nine voice,  belonging  to  Mm.  Isnactiv,  a 
lady  who  seldom  made  h^*r  apijoarnnee  in 
any  thing  less  than  queenly  atim\  At 
the  preisent  m omenta  she  bad  on  an  old 
mantle  of  Anne  li«leyn'a,  while  she  stood 
at  the  bottom  of  the  iftairit,  wiLb  a  sausage 
on  the  top  iif  a  toas^tnig  fork,  nhe  ha^ng 
evidently  intcrrnpted  Mi^nc  cnhnary  task^ 
to  fXtnic  and  Iwllow  adcr  her  ward. 

*'  1  ^uppo.se  I  muBt  go."  said  Mynua^ 
millenly,  **  Good*by»  Bella,  Kwp  np 
your  spirits  for  the  play.  Now  ibcn^"  he 
conthiu^nl,  afi  he  prfX'et»(lt*d  to  jom  old 
Ihaacit,  '^  to  bear  my  huttalialiong  hke  a 
ShAke^[)eareJ^ 


CHAPTEE  IV. 

DaOlADATIOM   til   OEXTDl. 

BtttiiARtcs  BdiPiCB,  like  other  great  and 
good  men,  had  contracted  many  littlu 
debts  in  various  places  about  iht?  city,  on 
the  strength  of  his  dubious  conneciion  with 
the  pre^*i.  These  liabihlies  fr^fpicrttly  in- 
t**rFere<l  with  his  promenades  of  a  morning. 
His  courHc  from  pjint  tu  point  often  a^ 
somed  a  £i^-2;ag  character,  tZiat  ec^rtainlr 
prolonged  his  walk,  and  inrhKx<d  ex^rcise^ 
if  it  dirl  not  contribute  lo  his  comfort- 
The  motto,  or  {KipuJir  phrastv^  of  ^'go 
sihead."  waij  Lnappticablo  to  My  mis,  Im 
^nihWt  go  ahead.  ^  There  wtJrr  Uyo  many 
obi*iucf(.»s  in  the  way,  llroadway  had 
UJi>ieen  barricJMles  for  him.  InvSisiblp  ram- 
parts that  at  certain  »ifK>TS  arrestini  hi» 
progress  like  mma  uf  tho  eftetiautmenta  of 
the  tftden  time. 

The  M 1 3 1 1         ■"  ■  '  aire  fronted  on  Broad- 
way, and  .    Iai^  in  hand,   and 
ikneying  ilmi  l\i  ly  l»<>dy  knew  win*  Im. 
wa^  and  wax  loiikinj?  at  him,  pronji'nadci' 

alon?:  "'"^-  ^»''   i     '       '■    -shop  after! 

shop  -L,  (I Lid  r9*T 

Tcngi.-: ■.-/iintjtu*d|j 

I  can  tell  *^piL 

obsarriatK':  ■  r  ofi 

0bj(ii:tH  nS 

centfv  a(  tt.  .     .  l  i 

bia  attention  j»^  Juu^hi  ma  U>  k«,)c|i  jua  iaot^ 


ffard-Up. 


[July 


wmtintuny  Himnct  nwnv  from  the  shop 
fktnr^  ^ras  w^omTorrtjl,  The  KTiitnAlod  con* 
ver-i:iri<ii»  iTito  mlndi  b*>  wt>ul<l  erUer  wnth 
Isaacs,  \v\wn  ht?  liehe!i  n  cn^litor  IcKitning 
lip  ill  the  *Ji>lan(?e;  tho  fiextui-on.^mmiutT 
in  \vhjrh  hi."  vvntiM  retire  heliind  Uie  Ff^l* 
wjirt  i^t'Csou  of  that  worthy  Jew,  when 
piissfiiL:  nny  spt^t  of  peculiar  tknp:erj  usw^ 
him  as  th**  hiinlers  nm  hnff  l^fjughs  t€i 
eonccnl  them  frniu  iiie  wild  animiilK  they 
are  rt^iiiniiitcriDK ;  the  rftpitlity  of  hia 
pare  in  honte  pliicc^ ;  and  the  ck^ver  aX' 
cuHes  by  whicii  he  would  irniua?  his  com- 
pgiiion  to  cnisis  nnd  reoross  lUi?  streut.  all 
di^plftyefl  a  profound  stratepHic  ability^ 
Bot  j^urpasHt-d  by  I  he  wny  in  which  Na|K>- 
loon  ii\^oi*ied  the  Uuiiaians  in  his  famous 
retrofit  fit>m  Moscow.  Thanks  to  thy  so 
manueitvres,  and  the  fiiij^ular  jjosition  he 
occupied  an  bn|^nan  id  waiting  to  Mr* 
Sodur  imn  li^aacs  JlyniL^  reacheil  his  dea- 
tination  in  safety,  and  folio wiug  Isaaes, 
soon  found  himself  within  the  walls  of  tho 
AlitllK-rry  Theatre 

They  entered  by  the  fh>nt  door,  and 
foimd  their  way  into  the  parqiielte, 
Thenct*  stambling  down  the  middle  aisk, 
with  L-rhoing  stt^jfflj  they  pafifiotl  through 
the  orche^jtra^  and  gtoopin^,  ^ijneessed  m 
the  small  door  throtigh  which  th©  audi- 
enc*.^  is  accustomed  to  behold  the  nmsi- 
cians  in  the  iJit^rvalB  of  performance,  pass 
in  and  oirt^  for  the  purpose  of  snatching 
their  ha%l/  mug  of  beer.  Once  throQj;^li 
this  door^  they  found  themselves  under 
the  s  tape  J  surrounded  by  awful  fragments 
of  nuichiaeryf  screws^  ropas  and  "  lifts," 
that  in  the  almoin t  impenetrable  darkne^^s 
of  the  plfttre  loomed  out  like  the  terrible 
appiiratus  of  some  Spanish  iniiniiiit^rial 
dungeon*  Stdl  depemJent  on  Isaacs' gui- 
4inco.  Mynos  followed  blindly ,  until  after 
giroping  aiong,  aud  ascending  a  creaking 
iitaircase,  hf  suddenly  emerged  upon  the 
siiige* 

There  was  a  faint  daylight  throagh  the 
place,  A  few  a«^tors  with  their  parts  in 
their  liands,  wore  walking  about,  mutter- 
ing to  them^lves,  and  in  front  of  the 
Stage,  at  an  awful  table  coTcred  with 
green  baize,  and  surrounded  bj  theprouip- 
ter^  the  stage  manager,  and  the  superin- 
tendeni  of  &^*nery,  sat  the  manager  him- 
self I  lit^hind  him,  stretcheil  away  into 
darkness,  the  Ijody  of  the  theatre  ;  dismal 
linen  eovers  fell  blankly  over  the  gilding 
and  the  velvetj  aud  a  rush  of  cold  air  as 
from  a  tomb,  swept  continually  Btage- 
ward. 

The  manajri^r  v^ns  m«jwcltng  a  iw«ne. 
Two  i  1  the  two  balvea 

of  a  ^  ■  V  (brest  logwth* 

er,  while  Eiui>Uit'r  wajs  t^riiiningin  its  midst 


a  species  of  antique  altan  otrt  of  what 
seemed  excessively  like  painted  tea-bo3te& 
The  flat«*  at  the  sides  of  the  titage,  however, 
being  all  turned  the  wrong  way,  ami  rep- 
rej=enting  the  interior  of  a  ball-room,  in- 
terfered Fc>mcwhat  with  the  eflect  of  the 
wooflland  background. 

■^  Now  Mrs,  Tottj"  said  the  manager, 
in  a  voice  like  the  crack  of  a  cattle-drirer^a 
wliip^  it  was  so  Kharp  and  short,  ''*we*re 
ready.     Arc  yoii?^* 

^^  Here,  sir?"  said  a  lady  in  a  deep 
thick  ¥oioe,  from  behind  the  scenes  emer- 
ging  as  hha  S|Toke.  She  was  tall  and 
stont  with  fine  eyes  and  a  coarse  nose, 
atitl  had  on  an  exceedingly  crushed  and 
shabby  bonnet, 

^*  Now,  Mra  Tott,"  said  the  manager, 
"go  on.  4 

''  What!"  cried  Mr^  Toit,  with  an  in- 
dipiant  starts  as  her  eye  lit  up*m  the  tea- 
boxes*  *'  What  1  Mr.  Tiddles,  you  surely 
don't  mean  to  call  that  thing  a  haltar  ?  '* 

Mrs.  Tott  was  a  native  of  England,  and 
retained  all  her  national  prefudjces  | 
amongst  otbera  that  of  freetjom  of  speech, 
and  arbitrary  ifieas  about  the  |X)^ition  of 
her  h'n. 

'■  Of  course  T  do^"  replied  Mr.  Tiddler 
*"  A  Tcry  excellent  altar.  Why  ma^nmi 
when  I  managtKi  the  Ilavmarket.  I'd  have 
been  proud  of  i^nch  an  altar  a^  that." 

■'  Well,  Haymarket  or  no  Haymnrket," 
said  Mrs.  Tott,  ^^  I  can't  clasp  my  long 
lost  Hangelina  to  my  bosom  on  a  paltry 
herection  of  that  kind.  Tve  not  been 
hncruvtomed  to  play  to  sueh  propertied 
Mr,  Tiddles." 

^'  Zoundii !  madam,  look  here  P^  cried 
Tiddles,  riiabing  indiguantly  to  the  altar, 
and  mounting  the  steps.  "'  Thertj's  room 
enouD;h  for  an  array  on  it," 

*'  Yes — but  is  it — strong  enough  1'*  said 
Mra.  Tott,  hesitatingly. 

"  Oh  I  that's  it,  is  it  ?*'  said  Tiddles, 
whilo  a  mocking  smile  stole  over  the  pro- 
perty man's  face*  * '  Look  here  Mrs,  Tot  t,^ ' 
and  Tiddles  jumped  i^eTeral  times  on  the 
platform  without  indudng  any  digiclosnro 
of  weakness  in  the  structure.  '^  Ther«j 
will  that  satisfy  you,  ma'ara,'' 

Thus  encouraged  Mrs.  Tott  mounted 
the  alt^ir^  and  addressing  ben^elf  in  a  con- 
versational tone  to  TiddlesL  said : 

"And  eui  it  be f    Mj  night  r*f  Kifnuw  pwt. 

To flhoir  1DJ  w»7 !    MfCh9fM\  mj «ti«7tl4 1  o; 

cbvyfl4t 
My  Icivf  loft  Hmgelliiii  fimntl  id  haV* 

My nus seemed  rniber  a-^tonished  at  tha 
iadillerenofj  >^ith  wlui.-h  Mr**,  Toil  deliTer* 
e<l  hernwlf  of  this  nujiassiDtivd  pasfMige, 
bein;^  occupied  nearly  the  whole  tituv  m 


Mrd^Up. 


Etinp  of  to  hOTtmU  fttid 

•'Hit  perbrmuim  of  Miti%  51tsh- 

r,  wlio in  a  |zT*r  cotton  ^nwn 

t  itiwiiiUjr  pnictuib^  k  mfw  t^U*^  with* 

wmic,  to  «  dialiuit  corii«r  of  llie 

ml«kiii)v  iUdriMaied  in  an  iii'liNtinct 

from  om»  of  the  wm\t^  by  ^Ir. 

,  tbe  fiiliin  of  tlio  f>kxxr.  wbo  hadn't 

fp»^*  ■■■  ■    '  "-'■■'     ■■■■•■■"^■ 

•  tt   13' 

,  ittvv^  ....,^..->  ^w) 

hn^  ts  who  it 

tinleri-  rHiK^Msssion 

i*p«m>fi<^  To 

tiBomdail  1^  •■•■■  iti^r- 

of    Mr*    Iloiii?*,  whn    wfw*   t-ifriMiiereti 

kabl^  hftri<lvLrinr,  nmf   ihvuy^  kncVF 

{■Ert  peifecHy.     I  -  -i  ^'n^  in- 

I  id  rMOftrkab J9  » t  ^  ca i rtt>  out 

i  oodttmiAl  itUv4LUi  ui  jabber^  &nd 

into  ibib  other  in  £Ui:h  ^n  «^tni- 

^  tJbf  Cm^  Wll>>    |J-n    lirhMJML'H    ^M    lllJ^UIH^Liy 

ibf  tliAi  ^fviJMJi  iTR-s  |«jrfw:tiy 

fo  tliQ  p^Iay  wtnit  *in.  mlcrriij>tfcd 
'  IlllVf  iSiltiiitr!^  b\  «>»!*:•  ijisjiute  b*- 
ibi  prvftDi^ti^r  hiid   the  artar^,  or 
tn<1^  II n  the  pun  of  thr  mnuii* 
p^lbrftfn  Mm.^,  Liubf^pcriKiibtf  u> 

t^wtiwtMm  iti  imnicultkT,  a  fat   ni*ri 

plKjrnl  paihciUc  faibcr^  Doc&sioDcd 

'    Milbdoa   bjr    UffViir  Im.*\u^    reafly 

icdSttI  fcr   «t»d  *hoTi    \m   d*d  i'OiM*?, 
W»  itidt>^iiu»t* 

tir  it  be  bad 

L-    <...,.   LiirtMy   b-'    ■  -    ** -t 
lAthtfttrr.     TbaitiW 
,  fidgar  peuiilc  wtr 
t  Iff  Ml  tiirtiiit^  HtriKli*  itiijr 

\  tke  uublfi"  Hirh    -tiitrnnv  • 

r! 

^PWVT    l^f^-fffiif    thr     (iJiry-liV>'    forr^f, 

'■i^it  tiu-ii.t  and 
III  he  h:nj  pit'- 
"ijH  iuithuntfr, 


tUair  niMiAl  r  I  mid  Inr 

^n^mm  m  fTMi  «  i<^biig  ol  khtl'  uh  be 


hw\  aniidpnfrd,  when  he  \ra*?  mtrfwlut-ed 
by  tifjimcs  to  Mr.  Tiddle.**  lie  m-tiiiUly 
summoned  up  cf>iiraii;i*  to  proposal?  to  that 
bijrb  nnd  itiis:bty  jwrsoriuji^iv  the  produlj^ 
tion  of  a  drama,  nf  hi^^^  My  tint's  composi- 
tion^ which  propctsitioii  the  manager  at 
first  pOf>b'|iooh«l,  tbon  lislt^nwi  to^  md 
flnittlj  in ti indeed  thiit  p(.*r]mp»  if  the  plmy 
was  ifood  and  sidt^^-d  to  his*  eoinjwmy — 
thnt  in  particu!ar^be  might  be  indsiced  to 
undertake  it 

"  Now  r^acs."  ^id  Sfpiiis,  SLS  they  rft* 
lamed  home  by  a  side  street — Jfynug 
hnVLDg  efTeeteil  this  by  declaring  thai  the 
noise  in  Brtmdi*fiy  atTtscted  hi?  head,  ^^  now 
Ifianc^  tbe  current  of  my  destiny  it*  on 
the  iiivn.  It  \i%n  lieen  ebh-'tide  a  lon«^  wbilo 
with  me,  Isaacs  but  it's  going  to  be  fjood 
now.  Myfortune^sbarkis^retiimin^into 
Ij*>rt^  laden  with  n  frt?i^bt  of  hupiJines^^ 
^*it^l  tlte  flui;  of  triumph  flyhig  at  ber 
beinu  But*-  coutinne^i  he,  suddenly  for- 
diking  the  man  time  irim{r*?ry  in  wiiich  ho 
bad  hevn  indulging,  '^wouH  1  cruali  tho§e 
infernal  publii^hcr^  when  I  get  rich  !  lU) 
be  hangecb  J^^^ac^  if  I  da\rt  publish  ftll 
my  ho<jks  mvselt  Won't  thai  cut  thi*m 
up?" 

Isaacs  thought  tbe  contingency  highly 
pnilmble* 

''  Then/*  continued  ^^yutll^,  im  \m  iraa- 
gination  wanniMl,  *  Til  L'tiinbhsh  an  ■«' 
thorns  college,  where  literary  men  till 
live  for  nothing  wliile  they  it  re  writiiif 
their  booka,  and  be  no  longer  drfieuduni 
on  brutal  Magazine  <?ditort»  for  their  sup- 
port, Nalbing.  Hir^  ts  so  degrndiug  to  the 
true  literary  man  aa  to  W  obhjst^l  t**  work 
for  monyy.  It  fetters  his  mUillt^t  air| 
and  cramji^  hi»  iijiaglnatioiu  If  I  wa!>  rieh, 
Vd  ahow  ibu  world  what  writing  waa 
and   n^iltit'V   publisher**   to    thitr   |rro|>cj 

**  I  wish  yon  was  Heh,  dr,"  reiiponded 
Ti^aaf^f.  **  becausi*  then  you  could  pay  mc 
that  htlie  bid  that—  ^* 

'  Til  fainoi in   ma ii !  ■  *    »h rieketl   My nu% 

ou  not  iniluee  me  to  aeeeiit  tbitt 

iiiig  office  under  promis-c  of  never 

itiiji^?<aiiu>g  llut  t)ihuu*s  aecouni  7     Am  t 

(,,  tr-sird  you,  K'lacK aB a  pruiuiise  breftkcri 

i»r  a  man  of  your  w*^|^^  ?" 

-I>MnH  fn?t  yourwdf  al»o«t  it,  Xfn  My- 
mtit,  i  wa'^uH  asking  you  for  it  ju>it  noWj 
you  know,  only  if  ^ver  you  wa^  to  ^1 
rich  I  ilHMighi—  " 

'■  Sa    more,   no    mor^  of   thia,"    »mid 

.'adtinW;^ 

i  .1.. I   ffir  a   mompTit      lie 

kiifw  uho  iKiiild  have  to  pjij  tor  ibe 
ilntikK,  and  U%>  Jt;wij»b  ttpiril  n##i*^  up 
agnmat  aucb  Itiitrtdity ;  but  ho  wm  tliii>ty. 


5B 


ITanf'Up. 


[July 


TUo  bar-room  was  invRmgly  near — 'twta 
onljr  I.  ghillmg— so  he  led  the  way. 


THl     POLAK    MAlBlir, 

MvNCs  had  Bcarcelj  reaetied  hh  homo 
before  he  commenced  hU  drama.  It  was 
determined  that  Bella  sliould  privately 
reheiirs^j  her  part,  and  tthen  all  waa flnish- 
ed  be  introduoed  to  the  manager  at  the 
mtrm  time  as  the  piece.  There  was  an 
old  retired  ai^trei^s  who  li^-^ed  in  a  garret 
in  Elizabeth  strt'et,  who*;e  servieea  were 
called  into  requisition  as  instructress  to 
the  aspirant,  and  after  a  few  trials  of  her 
voice  and  doJiyery,  this  aexflgGnarian  lady 
declared  that  Bella  pos^ses^sed  immense  dra- 
matic ability.  So  while  My nus  wrotOj 
and  alteredj  and  cogitateti,  Bella  with  her 
tutor  practised  rising  and  falling  inflc^> 
tions— starts  of  surprise  and  horror — ex- 
damations  of  anger  and  ^ief — effective 
entrances  and  graceful  eiits^in  short,  all 
those  artificial  [loints  which  actors  study- 
so  intently,  and  which  render  the  stage 
what  it  b— the  most  unnatural  of  al)  the 
mockeries  of  nature. 

The  play  and  Belli  were  ftni.^^hed.  The 
former,  as  Mynus  himself  said,  had  trans- 
(x^ndod  all  his  former  eflbrts,  and  would^ 
doubt  I  eH!;^  en  wreathe  his  temples  with  un- 
fiidiug  iriory.  He  had  as  the  play  pro- 
gressed been  obliged  to  alter  his  original 
title,  and  its  outer  corer  now  presented 
tliese  words,  engrossed  in  a  bad  but  ela* 
borate  imitation  of  German  text. 

TEIX  MAIPKK   of  TUB   POI»LB  UAf, 

A  SfMJLMA 

tS  TliBKB  ACTMt 

HT 

nELIBA.1t[Trft  MTXrSt 

Mv^nns  wiLs  a  proud  man  as  tho  finish- 
iog  stroke  vttiH  put  to  those  seventy  odd 
leaves  of  manuscript,  lie  read  it  to 
Bella,  and  Bella  read  it  to  him^  untd  the 
text  of  her  part  (the  Maiden)  grew  so 
familiar  to  her  that  she  used  it  in  prirata 
conversation.  He  read  it  to  old  Isaai^, 
nay,  even  repeated  it  to  him  as  he  went 
along  the  streets  with  him,  bag  in  hand. 
He  read  it  to  Mrs*  Isaacs^  while  that  lady 
made  toa'^t  on  the  point  of  a  Highland 
claymore,  which  weapon,  since  Scotch 
dramas  had  gone  out  of  fashion,  was  no 
loiv^er  useful  as  a  property*  He  read  It  to 
Mrs,  (lunch,  ih^  decay ec!  actresss  who  liad 
taught  Bella,  and  once  or  twi^c  the  wild 
idtu  crossed  lit^  mind  of  rt-ading  it  tt>  one 
or  two  of  his  most  obdurate  creditor^j^  in 
the  hopo  that  such  ti  dinplay  of  gemim 


would  entirely  soften  their  hearts,  and 
enable  hini  to  promenade  Broadway  once 
more  in  peace.  But  the  sujrgej^tionj  al' 
though  brilliant  seemed  Vain,  and  he 
still  stole  down  the  »ide  utreets,  and 
watched  the  comers  as  of  old. 

The  Rubicon  was  passed*  The  play  was 
read  to  the  manager*  BeHa  was  eathibiteil 
to  him  in  her  character  of  the  fiiaidenj 
and  that  autocratic  functionary  had  a1> 
stiltitely  declared  bis  intention  of  bringing 
them  ho  til  out.  It  is  needless  to  say  with 
what  joy  Mynus  beheld  on  a  yellow  pla- 
cai^l  one  morning*-  a  line  at  the  bottom  of 
the  announcement  of  the  evening's  enter- 
tainments at  the  Mulberry  Theatre,  stat- 
ing that  ''a  new  and  origit»al  drama, 
written  expressly  for  this  theatre,  with 
new  scenery,  dresses  aJ>J  effects,  was  in 
preparation  and  would  be  shortly  pro- 
duced," Even  the  ca^iuvuer  warmed 
into  enthusiasm  as  he  saw  this,  and  said 
to  Mynu%  feelingly^  with  the  tears  roll- 
ing down  his  puJfy  Jewish  cheeks,  **  I 
tell  you  what,  Mr.  Mynus,"  said  he,  "it 
will  be  a  f^at  day  for  me  when  I  sec 
that  girl  there  come  out  m  an  actress  on 
her  own  hook.  I  never  thought,  sir, 
when  I  picked  her  up  one  night  a  crying 
like  any  thing  in  the  street,  with  nolhini^ 
oa  her  but  a  little  thin  silk  dress  and  that 
big  brrjoch  there,  that  §he'd  come  to  any 
thJuK  half  so  good.  And  when  I  brought 
her  home  to  Mrs*  Isaacs,  and  when  I  ad- 
vertised Tir  a  monthj  sir,  for  her  parent^ 
and  when  no  one  came  to  look  after  her, 
didn^t  I  get  a  rubbing  down  from  the 
old  woman  for  my  humanity.  But  it^s 
all  for  the  best,  sir,  and  an  approving 
eonscieoce  is  e:!ccellent  interest  upon  one's 
capital ; "  and  Mr*  Isaacs,  quite  overcome 
with  the  rteoUection  of  his  own  1>enevo- 
lence,  and  the  domestic  Bulfenngs  be  en* 
countered,  on  acxx^unt  of  it^  wept  plen- 
tifully into  a  linen  pocket-hamikerchief 
which  had  once  been  part  of  the  vestmeuU 
of  a  Pries teRB  of  the  Sun, 

As  for  Bella,  she  was  wild  with  delight 
ller  daily  journeys  to  rehear?ial  were  to 
ber  travels  into  Fairyland.  The  ability 
which  she  so  strikingly  displayed  in  even 
her  cruile^l  performances  struck  the  nia- 
nager  with  wonder  j  and  m  she  wa*^  qtiite 
shrcvvd  enough  to  imderstand  her  own 
value*  her  spirits  rose  in  proportion  as  she 
gained  eonlidence  m  herself*  She  and 
^iynus  had  great  times  of  it — be  sitting 
on  the  glDoray  stage,  seeing  her  perform 
his  crealiim  of  l\m  Maiden,  And  wh<:n 
she  c^ime  to  Ibe  sc^^ne  where  '^^' ■^  nd.SMi^* 
turns  ovuft  wdh  thr  Matdwn  ■ 
its  slippery  surfiio<?.  and  he  s.'ii^  ,    i 

look  of  liopelesa  vg^uy  which  tboisc  iargu 


IM] 


Mard'Up. 


ffd 


dtfk  vym  fif  bers  «^  up  to  heaveo,  la 
the  went  Uiroiufh  Uie  aU«;^  busitic*^!^  on  « 
btft  ImtsI  di4t  rcpiTsciited  the  ioeber^g 
ttt  pt«|mn.tm7  fchearsiil-i;^  hd  coitld  t)Qt 
l^  fbefioj;  thai  IbLH  yonui^  girl  «'&!»  du^ 
tiwd  lo  achkve  a  brilliAut  fitiocejui^  in 
nMck  bt  loa  fbcmlfl  ih&re.  Then  tlief 
^pwU  uJk  cTUTi'Iv  over  th«ir  praspectSj 
•od  L  d  thut  they  were  to 

mmrn  •  ir^U^Ua  usAcnting 

oIoiiT  fat»  *U  iLfitLfiifemniis,  and  Mjnus 
bJiiflp  til  worU  of  txtnrttfpuit  hopcM, 
ttd  every  ilsj  tuiuhhng  mofO  «ud  tuoru 

night  carac,  AUflTcr 
Isi  bliotxl  v^itb  hug© 
tikm^  *n  ia"5  n«w  drmtnik.  MyiiiiHp 
ibmed  «id  aajEkmA,  stole  o^it  through 
iSm  Urm^  tnd  Wis  nmriir  tired  of  rendmg 
tboi.  il»  eto|*p«J  it  «¥«ry  dornur  iiti>l 
nad  llw  la^igit  iimouiloeiii«Dtft,  mnd  vr^'iit 
liioevirrlMr^fOOiDftlid  peniHi-d  theAmall 
MIkwiia  tlM  MtXM  l^li  and  unvnryiT^g 
igltftfL  fir  hovvn?U  aboul  the  Thealro, 
l^ffff*  it  wu  ft  hitHy  lime.  Thu  ^ceno 
pWv  WM  fiQlting  m  his  list  t9iiche»  to 
b  ICTMI  torac  The  nmni^r  wis  show* 
h$  tke  afpenterfl  Iht^  ord<*r  in  wh^ch  eic^ 
^HiK  dicmtil  eonio,  jtTid  Icochtitg  thv  ac- 
Ini  Iha^  ^  And  positions  in  the 

pHMl  trnbl*  whirh  the  iw:tfl  Cer- 

mtm^H:   aiui  Hidif    to   e^ery 

bedfe*'  bontMNL-  b«re,  eiijohn^^ 

Ili9»i  imtrqciitiji^  v i ^i  ^  «'  Utspt^  and  i'vcry 
anw  aad  Citsa  hauled  up  hy  mmt:  cantjin* 
to^Si  ■e<iir,whci  fiiticied  li^^  ni^r  Jir|  i^ot 
§■1  IttOL  mi  who  rvviinr  i  by 

gliiiil  ftli  tlM  troable  he  ^  '^  nus 

WM  ttochftockofed  by  the  jject 

J»  owe   with.     People  di'i  \n   to 

tbil  be  W&9  the  grvni  Miitbor 
►  tui'4  «^W  mii^  <'xi^^4'nce  the  piwe 
H  wf^  '  Mrnt  cnp^^ ; 

mt^  '  ly  iu  get  out  df 

Ikiw.  ndd  not  h^Uni 

^  hk  inutibed  him, 

•fia  I  *     Vnther 

hvi  ^'  lion 

bwBliifaUy.     II  a  to 

eiwlar  aw*^  i/   tn 

how 

ai«pniMnit  by  v^  <  ople 

» tlws  htlh  at  !  tv'on* 

:  wb^  I  iiii'  new 


tir! 


U  at 

pew  mf Ud-  ' 


i)k  Ifthi'y 
.  ^  liiokinf^  dt 
i   much  nlxiui 


W  U'    LT  vr    H    WiJUHl 


l>'-lLr.-r    lO 


Wbns  th«  ciirt^n,  or  bow  Crom  ft 


private  box.    Tho  Ifttler  he  eMlevmiHl  tho 

pr«ferttble  coiirise  on  two  jw-eutinta,  Flret, 
It  wasi  more  diirnrtlcd,  Si^mndly^  beeoula 
mana^,  with  li^&acs*  ns«iiNt:inc!t%  to  ^H  np 
a  tolerable  buKt— tiiat  is  to  may,  he  could, 
out  of  the  projieitieii  in  that  p^ntttman's 
pOflaessioQ,  ootnRuind  a  decertt  evening 
coat  and  waistcoat*  But  in  trousers  and 
boots  the  wt^rthy  Jew  was  limited,  and 
thowj  portions  of  Mynuw's  own  ature  were 
quite  impmcticabk.  By  nkilful  manage- 
uient  in  a  private  box.  bott^ever^  he  coSd 
pFei^»nt  an  elaboratt*  bii«?t  to  the  publiC) 
efleetnally  cf>iK:^-alin«r  any  dcfidendea 
which  might  otherwise  he  observable  in 
his  own  lowpf  exta^initie.^  And  m  the 
tiioi>  pujiHtd  m  fuvered  and  aniebus 
tho  light  niitd  the  hour  for  performance. 

The  house  was  fiUL  [or  it  was  Sitturtlay 
night,  and  in  jmrquettc  and  dres.^  drcle 
tnighl  U^  «fen  a  plentiful  sprinkling  of 
black  eycii  and  heavy  lips,  fur^jfa]!  [»*^jplo 
the  Jews  retain  the  stron]2:i*st  lov©  of 
spectacle,  and  on  ibeir  Sabbath  the  the- 
atrical treWnrics  are  the  In? tier  for  theuu 
To-night  unusual  attr»iHJon^H  drew  to- 
gether an  unusually  largv;  audience.  A 
new  piece  and  a  new  aelrc^i^  are  stddom 
brouirht  the  same  evening  on  the  Ixmrds ; 
and  by  the  time  that  the  ori^hifJiitra  bad 
struck  up  the  Co[»cnhageTt  Walt^,  which 
it  playtKl  alx  nights  in  the  week  m  the 
thfj^iitriv  and  on  Sunday»  at  a  German 
concert,  there  wari  not  avacant  seat  in  the 
house. 

Mynus  aUcmated  between  the  mana- 
gtT's  box  and  behind  the  Mcenes*  From 
tljL*  fofTiier  he  watched  anxiously  the  ejc- 
prcsHion  of  the  audience,  hopinjj;  to  discern 
if  th t?y  were  in  gocjd  humor,  while  behind 
the  hcenes  ho  went  from  actor  to  actor, 
earnestly  tntixsatiog  them  not  to  forget 
certain  jjoints  which  he  had  impre^^Mi^l 
upon  tht'ir  niemory*  and  on  which  tho  fate 
of  the  play  abtiolut^Ky  detJuDdefl*  To 
lldh  he  licai^'ly  darecl  ^m  Jk^  she  looked 
so  splendid  m  her  oostuiiMa  aa  tbe  Maiden, 
which,  intended  m  it  wiui  fbr  a  ipoyage  m 
the  Arctic  tx'gton^  struck  one  as  Inappro- 
priately alight ;  unle$««  indeed,  a  pr^ifu^iion 
of  spangJc«  and  artificial  floweri  were 
eaterelgn  again/it  cold. 

The  beir  ranj?,  tbo  orchi^tra  raced 
tbrongb  the  la^^t  fdw  l>afs  they  were  play- 
ing, the  curtain  rose,  tbe  munnur  uf|><!ot>Ie 
Bcltlins:  theniiR'lvus  in  their  m?atA.  Jilii^d 
tho  b^ni^]  and  the  play  began.  Mynus 
fbced  h\%  eye  on  tho  th<.'arriml  critic  of 
the  New  York  Daily  Cockdmferj  who  sat 
oppt^Hih*.  ii<;j  would  have  pwn  worldi 
tJi  havo  l»*vn  abk*  to  alt  n*'Xt  that  man, 
auil  tUttur  biitt  for  an  hour  and  a  halt 
But  the  play  wtmt  on.     Evtry  now  and 


CO 


Hari-Up. 


[July 


then  as  a  new  ^ceno  mude  its  flppenmnce 
there  wrould  n>ll  do^n  the  hoiij^  a  salvo 
of  applause,  but  as  3'et  the  drama  ib^elf 
did  not  come  in  for  much,  A  faint  laugh^ 
drawn  out  by  the  funny  man's  putting 
hii  hoftd  through  &  pane  i>f  (^lass,  and  j?ay- 
ing  that  it  sared  him  a  hain^resscr,  and  a 
s!i|^bt  Indication  of  hystencal  alTwtion  on 
the  part  of  a  young  Jewish  lady  in  the 
boxes,  when  the  vilkin  was  preparing  to 
blow  np  the  twenty-one  decker,  in  which 
the  heroine  wai?  aJjout  to  safL  vrere  all 
that  as  yet  arrived  to  con  Hole  Mynus* 
But  he  was  patient,  TSetJo,  m  the 
Staiden,  had  n'j>t  uppeart*d  yet.  The 
audience  was  waiting  for  her,  WhsivBhe 
<^me^  then  wouldti't  il  go  7 

The  Maiden  came.  In  the  ioene  of 
"lurid  devasttttron"  {qtmtation  from 
bills),  with  which  the  second  act  opened, 
she  bounded  on  the  stage,  in  her  spangles 
atjd  Wowers  and  little  satin  shoes,  and  the 
huge  brooch,  containing  the  portrait  of 
the  elderly  gentleman  in  a  blue  ooat^  with 
which  she  never  parted,  blazing  on  ber 
bOi5om.  She  stopj^ied,  half  panting  as  she 
entered,  and  tum<Mi  toward  the  audience* 
She  certainly  looked  lovely  in  that  mo- 
ment Her  face,  pa!e  but  luminous  as  it 
w*sre  wfth  the  binghtness  of  those  glorious 
eyes  of  hers,  turned  half  upwards  with  a 
sort  of  mingled  fear  and  wonder.  Her 
lightj  graceful  figure  poised  on  one  «matl 
foot,  and  her  hands  crossed  abovo  her 
bosom,  as  if  to  still  the  beating  of  her 
heart,  while  one  of  those  instinetive  tributes 
which  an  audience  sometimes  pa3's  almost 
involuntiirily,  greeted  her  after  the  first 
pau^'.  From  gallerj',  parquctte,  and  dress 
circle,  round  aftit  round  followed,  until 
the  very  house  shook.  This  sec  mod  to 
encourage  her»  for  she  rose  to  her  full 
heighL  and  her  countenance  relapsed  once 
mo  lie  into  that  careless,  half-tlvflnnt  e,t- 
prci^^ion  she  was  accustomed  to  wear. 
Then  the  play  went  on»  She  threw  as- 
lonishinj  power  into  the  stilted  and  bom- 
bastic language  a,=!ijigned  to  her.  lier 
whole  frame  seemed  to  quiver  with  emo* 
tion,  and  hor  action,  though  sudden  and 
startling,  as  if  the  very  burst  of  impure, 
was  griiceful  in  the  highes^t  degree.  The 
audience  felt  at  once  that  the  g^irl  was  ono 
of  those  rare  genutscs  that  in  dramatie 
auTials  Htand  out  in  bright  relief  against 
tht*  hosts  of  stilted  performers  that  the 
worM  has  been  forced  to  praise,  him  ply 
becatise  they  bad  no  better.  Bella  car- 
Tie<i  a  way  the  applause  of  tlje  jiiL'ce.  Alt 
lier  j>ofnts  were  marked  with  tlint  appre* 
ciiitive  murmur  so  dear  tu  the  artist.  She 
^as  mat<kig  a  great  *uccvh».  But  it  ap- 
red  to  Mjnus  that  the  play  was  not 


going  on  Tcry  well  Every  scene  that 
Bella  was  not  in  passed  unnoticed.  Tbo 
choice  bitsJ  of  the  drama  did  not  awake  a 
single  response  from  the  audience.  The 
funny  man  said  funny  things^  and  the 
villain  communicated  his  black  designs 
through  a  pair  of  black  moustaches,  in 
Tftin.  The  manager  looked  darkly  at 
Mynus.  3fynus  looked  at  the  critic  of 
the  Daily  Cockchafer.  Tliat  gentleman 
looked  as  solemn  as  the  day  of  judgment. 
Unutterable  ccmdemnation  i?ecmed  to 
hover  on  hia  frowning  brow*  Columns  of 
terrible  rebuke  seemed  to  be  quiekeninf^ 
into  life  in  that  judicial  brain.  Myniis^i 
heart  began  to  sink  a  little,  and  he,  by 
way  of  comforting  himself^  essayed  a  joke 
with  the  manager,  who  was  blacken ing 
by  degrees^  like  a  thunder  cloud,  in  the 
back  of  the  box.  The  prompt  niiymcr 
in  which  that  person  supprcsst^'l  hi^  bud- 
ding jocularity^  deterred  him  from  any 
further  effort  to  keep  up  apijeji ranees, 
and  he  accordingly  allowed  himself  to 
look  as  wretchedly  as  be  felt. 

It  was  now  towardfl  the  close  of  tb© 
last  act,  and  Mynus,  who  was  staring  va- 
cantly into  the  stage  box  opposite,  tho 
only  vacant  one  in  the  bouM\  and  vnm- 
dering  why  it  had  not  been  taken,  sud- 
denly lieard  the  d^ior  ot^en^  and  by  tho 
waving  of  the  curtains  it  was  evident  that 
a  party  had  arrived*  Mynus  tlmught  with 
just  indignation  that  they  need  nut  have 
been  so  late. 

Bella  was  not  on  tbe  stage)  she  did  not 
come  on  again  till  the  rcry  end  of  llio 
last  fccene,  where  she  fiave»  hui"  Esqiii- 
maui  lover  from  the  deadly  gnif^p  of  a 
white  bear,  and  the  curtain  fall^  on  a 
weddin^^  feast  in  a  Grtenland  Tillai.*o, 
The  play  went  on ;  the  liear  attj^cked  tho 
Esquimaux  lover  ;  Bella  bouuilud  In  to 
the  rescue.  She  had  Ecarcely  appeared 
when  the  curtains  of  the  box  ihat  Mynua 
had  been  picviousl}"  \i"atching,  bi*caine  vi- 
olently agitated,  and  lio  mw  a  largo  ivory 
lorgnette  thru&t  eagerly  forward  as  if 
some  one  leaned  over  tv  get  a  be  ttcr  vievr. 
One  or  two  profiles ajjpeared  too  at  t  he  Imck 
of  the  boK,  anxiously  watt^hing  the  i^lagv. 
Some  great  commotion  w».k  eviilenUy  ckj- 
currrug  there.  The  play  went  on  to  ita 
clost^.  Tho  Mttuggle  with  the  btar  waij 
own  Bella,  with  incredible  pre^encv  of 
mind,  hnd  };iTen  it  a  fish  hone  to  swal' 
low,  wiiii'h,  sticking  in  its  thront,  causetl 
its  immediate  sutToeat'tonj  and  a  he  now 
nested  in  the  arms  of  h+.'r  es ban?? tod 
lover,  Ttir  K-iiiiniaux  Til  lagers  flock^jd 
h^  and  :  WJ>ual  ittUvau ;  but 

as  the  cii  r  'tided  a  w  brill  cry  was 

liuard  Uiat  «cbu^  through  the  rDtiit) 


I 


i 


n$4] 


Emi-Up. 


01 


Itfon.  Tb€  «iirUmi  of  the  6ta^  box 
wmm  diwm  Tiolcntly  -  -  »  r,  md  &ii 
iM  f^tligmmi   ii{*(k  -gtiug  in 

fiffl&llj  Cl' '  ::  on 

IJbf^^pt.  j.ctid 

•St  lyk  kftti  iipd 

rfMlUing  tki*  >  . :ra§p 

Wf  rrvfi    Al  tiuti  tliRiMiee.     The  audi- 

awtio  ibought  t\m  was  roeriely  ati 
liun  of  some  old  vtidmsmsi,  beg&n 
4ii  bois^;  but  ific  njoTneut  the  curtain 
Ml,  tba  fipotl4:^m%ii  who  hjid  cauaod  all 
^Um  irxciumL-iit  wiMi  dmwii  bfick  iiiU>  tJie 
ba£.   T  ncMi  closed  4nd  moved  Eo 

■*f«.  >^  II  trctncnfious  call  fur 

th«  lf*i'»i^  "^  loiis  from  the  ^- 

kfj,  IKMCir  occst.    But,  Birmng« 

l»  «i^,  t&  ;^.. ......    iid  Dot  mum.    The 

^pratf  bcftMM<d^  Mad  ft  f«iir  h]9««i  bma 
i»  bf  licwrii  51*  nil*  If  re??  imjiRticnt  Wo 
giK  tmlM  f'  ur,  nor  vtould  ther, 

MatfyKii.  .    }uid  brouirbt  Ikila 

Mif«  ill*  csuriun,  m  ninld  a  perfect 
flirai  of  rsfM  aod  iv^hijitltng^  he  lafl  the 
fen  lad  veai  bttbiad  thi?  sceBes. 


CmJLFfEB  VI  ' 

'    "  "     ^tr.  Chiitt7"  e&id 
:LJin,  whcim  ho  tnct 

-  Unbind  otM?  of  the 
ill  ?  \\w  \ik'K}\f\&  are 
E  ( <  itunij-  out.'* 

Huld  iVfr, 

I  i  no  ftp- 

i  \  iigf  Atiii,  of  courae, 

Mr.   Ghfttt; 

•  t,  CI>Ut«ID0tk|* 

rf.ai  i     1  u    ticurd    nothuig 

;  1  mo*!  ttdVni;iJ  row  in  the  gal- 

What  thi^  tUuco  d«»  yon  mean?*' 

'Wb/  it  itTPtn*  tint  Korae  old  (^tnilc- 

I  in  U>e  hoxc%  aaw  »  bru^Jcb  orj  tkdla 

[  lit  rpooipuiedf  aiwl  be*  c^ine  rtinhiti^ 

Ia  b««  afkr  tbi*  ilciv  ua^  qtct,  aeking 

cmat  he  B»w 

iiniiK,  aiid  af- 

!  her 

ttWut  it.    But 


^fica,-! 


klM>W 


iif  bis  clij2d,  ai 

tif  «aeor  t«u<j 

^illMllll  Ai  «-! 

ttd  t&ai'«  aU   I 

*G<K4l  Godt  hut  the  nuno^-^iid  yoq 

-Yea*     Jlr.    Efaivt  ^     ^  *  jy   rich 

M,  thi7  laj.     tktt  Sib  Av^*^ 

■M.  aai!  tiaa  cami|^  au  j  mm  loaU    Bob 
M  9  kKkj  i(>H  to  liaTo  found  ludi  ft 


father.  But  I  say  won't  Mrs,  Guncli  be 
glad  DOW  tbftt  the  pirr^  gone  ?  She  was 
as  jealous  of  her  a^  a  pile  of  bric;kii." 

And  with  thiii  appropriate  f^imije,  Mr, 
Chat  I  Sttuatored  off  to  congi'iituialc  Mrs, 
GuucL 

Mynus  fioemed  in  a  drtiim.  Bdlo  ;  hia 
Bella,  suddenly  *rajjsfr>nuwi  into  a  young 
ludyl  why  it  wiia  like  a  iv|:ulnr  |«l»y, 
li^!  necolli*cli'^cl  now  the  etnry  of  her  hav- 
ing bwn  picWlhI  lip  in  lbt?'HtiVft6,  with 
nothing  definite  aWut  her  but  this  very 
brooch,  and  with  his  brain  in  a  whirl  ho 
liurritMl  \m:k  Ui  tiis  box,  in  order  to  pr&* 
6cnl  iilnistdf  in  ease  ho  wii«  ciiilt?d  on  to 
appear.  lit*  found  the  managiT  hi  «i 
eveniiiir  suit  before*  the  cnrfaln,  holding 
his  hjit  eJcs^Jintly  l>ef#n*e  him*  while  h« 
was  cxplaniin|  in  be{irt*ri-fidin|:  tones  of 
sorrow,  ho^v  impissible  it  wjwj  fur  B^*U» 
to  apj^Ktar  t^efore  Ihcm^  owin^  to  a  s!jd- 
den  attack  of  illne.*s.  **  Tbeyni  luik  for 
mtij  now,**  ihongbt  Mynu^,  and  \m  heart 
biKit  at  the  eug*?e-«tion.  But  they  didn't. 
They  took  their  hats  and  doaks  aud  bon- 
ne ta,  and  poured  out  of  tlie  theatre*  And 
the  jpuilightft  went  out  ona  by  one,  aud 
the  two  old  women  commenced  liai>j;in(r 
the  linen  over  tbe  velvet  m\<{  gilding  o? 
the  boxes,  and  the  thc^atre  wus  nearly  in 
darkness  before  Myunu  could  renliie  tlic 
fact  tliat  his  play  fiad  bvseu  damiii>d, 

lie  met  the  nti&ntip.T  a^  he  was  ^y\\\g 
out ;  and  4);^  a  tuht  hope  Mked  when  the 
play  would  he  rep«^ated. 

*'  Repeat  that  plaj^  pir  j "  critjd  Tiddler 
10  a  MOiix  of  thunder.  ''  lleiityil  sueh  v,lM\f 
ai  that  t  Cnteh  me  »t  it,  tliut's  ail.    IL%iig 

Jour  play,  .Mr.  Mjnus.  Mang  it,  1  «ay. 
t  cost  me  toads  of  moneys  and  I  diiren^t 
run  it  a  see^jnd  niphL  Then  th<  Tt*B  tliat 
prirL  I  uiL^bt  have  made  sutne thing  of 
her.  But  &be'a  carried  otf  Wfore  mj 
eyeia*  Hang  tht?  pby^  &ir.  It's  been  * 
misfortune  to  m^, 

*^Mr*  Tlddb*."  Baid  Mr*  Mynua  with 
dignity—**  your  langungi^  is  loat^me^  I 
will  make  yon  rejicnt  of  it,  sir,  b^foro 
kmg^.  V\\  anjiLnh  y*'-  -^^  '  *^  -md  he  walk- 
ed into  the  Htptet,  iis  did  think 
that  he  would  in;ik  npent,  and 
that  he  would  ^inash  lum  \  fr>r  Inj  vtm 
full  at  \\w  niouientot  the  wi  I  drat  dreams 
M  '  not  ftle^'p  much  thut  nighti 
n<-  ■}  felt  no  (vjrret  *t  the  fnr lure 
of  hifi  (j]iiy,  lie  hail  other  vie w^.  Views 
of  labuiouii  splendor,  Bella  hntl  fouiid  by 
a  eiiiir^ultif  eliutk^*,  a  rich  fatherf  Bella 
would  l»e  wealthy,  Bella  waH  In  love 
with  him*  Bella  wt  '  '  i  uj^ 
They  wouJd  Jivu  in  the  I  nj 
|iatmm3(;e  the  Colinnjio,  vi,itMM  itn  a-  ilia 
rival  of  Tiddlea^  thratn»j   and  towirdA 


83 


ffari^Up^ 


•[July 


d^fl^mk  he  domi  off,  forming  schemes 
of  TeDgCAnoe  igftinst  a  ccrtdn  publif^tier. 

The  next  morning,  in  purtm&oce  of  hts 
plan,  he  rose  early,  and  found  out  by  the 
dircctoty  in  the  next  apothe<*ary'i  shop, 
Mr.  B^^r^dott^s  address  in  Fifth  ATenue. 
Then  having  a^lomed  himself  to  the  ut- 
most of  his  ability,  he  poBted  oflf  to  Bel- 
la's new  ^esidencc^  It  was  tnily  a  ^ten- 
did  mansion.  Built  of  brown  stone  of  & 
rich,  sober  hue,  and  flniiked  t^ith  con- 
servatories, and  stables  that  did  not 
Iciok  like  stables,  so  highly  were  they 
omamdnted^  it  looked  inore  like  a  pa- 
lace, thsn  the  restdeuftj  of  ft  shnple  citi- 
zen. Mynti.'?  could  not  make  up  hts  mind 
to  enter,  but  thought  he  tvould  walk  up 
and  down  outside,  and  wait  until  he  saw 
Bella  at  one  of  tlie  windows.  It  was  a 
flue  fiprinjr  da)' ;  the  sun  shone  warmly, 
and  ti  host  of  bn II iantly  dressed  people 
issiued  fbrth  rmm  their  houses,  on  their 
W&Y  to  church,  Mynus  thought  to  bim- 
selL  that  the  day  would  soon  arrive  whun 
he  would  be  as  (ray  as  the  gayest  among 
them.  Presently  Mr,  Bmn don's  door 
oftened,  and  a  lady  and  gen tk man  came 
aut»  Jn  the  former.  Mynus  at  the  firi^t 
glance  reoogniT^i  Bella ;  but  how  chang- 
ed. In  the  short  interval  between  her 
aMuction  from  the  theatre  and  the  p reg- 
ent moment,  she  had  obtained  by  some 
means,  inscrutable  to  poor  people,  an  ex- 
quisite spring  dress.  Quiet  in  tone,  but 
of  the  softest  and  most  delicate  materials* 
And  m  well  did  she  wear  it^  so  firmly  did 
she  step,  that  one  could  scarcely  belicTo 
this  lashionable  looking  girl^  waathe little 
ftClrfKin,  who,  the  nipjht  before^  played  the 
Maiden  of  the  Polar  Seas,  She  wore  the 
brooch  still  on  her  bosom  ;  and  in  the 
fine  looking  old  gent  Jem  an  on  whose  arm 
she  leaned^  Mjnus  recognized  the  origi- 
nal of  the  miniature. 

They  came  tovvards  him.  He  stepped 
half  forward,  with  a  beating  heart,  and  a 
well  conned  congratuLition  ou  his  lips, 
Ht*r  silk  dress  almost  brushed  his  thread- 
hure  trousers,  &s  with  cold,  exprei^slonless 
e^es.  Khe  swept  by.  as  if  be  had  been  aa 
utter  stranger.  For  a  momenta  Mynus 
was  staggertjd;  but  then  his  spirit  rose 
indignantly  at  the  fnj«i?stice  he  was  near 
doing  his  defir  Bella.  8 he  did  not  .see  him. 
T\w  .sun  wa.s  in  her  cyeiS,  She  was  daz- 
SEJed,  ant  I  sis  ht^  Aid  not  speak,  she  passed 
hiin  unwitiiiiglv.  It  must  he  so,  lie 
would  try  a^aiu.  So  crossing  to  the  oppo- 
site sid«  of  tile  wt%y^  he  ran  a  few  blocks, 
crossed  M|fatn,  and  stationed  htmi^elf  right 
in  her  pMth.  4 In  ^hu  came,  with  upright 
head,  firm  step,  and  level  eyes.  She  passed 
imuoticed,  his  outstretched  hand|    she 


passed  imnotlccsd,  his  plain  tire  "  Bella, 
don't  you  know  me  ;  "^  she  passed  him,  as 
if  he  had  never  existed,  and  so  on  into 
God's  temple,  where  she  listened  to  the 
preaching  of  chanty  to  all  mankind. 

Poor  Mynua  could  doubt  no  longrr.  Ho 
leane<l  agamst  a  wail  upon  which  the  bright 
sunlight  was  falling,  and  while  group  af- 
ter  group  of  gayly  dressed  people  passed, 
he  wept  silently  over  the  ruin  of  his 
dreams.  He  had  loved  her  so  mueh*  He 
WAS  so  wilting  to  share  with  her  the  sun- 
shine of  his  own  lifCs  whenever  ii  shone 
for  him.  He  had  hoped  so  much  from 
her.  that  it  was  very  hard  that  she  should 
forget  him  GO  completely  in  her  prosperity. 
He  would  never  put  fiiiih  in  woman  again- 

Ho  went  slowly  home  to  his  garret. 
The  first  thing  he  saw  on  his  table  was  a 
slip  of  paper  on  wliich  was  written, 

Mr.  S,  M^nut, 
For  value  received^ *  $£0  27 

Poor  MynuB  shook  \m  head  hopelessly. 
All  his  dreams  had  vanished,  and  this  re- 
ality alone  remained.  He  saw  no  way  out 
of  it  Just  at  this  climax  of  his  desjiiiir,  a 
voice  which  he  recognized  as  that  of  Mrs. 
Isaacs  said  outside  his  door,  **  Mr  My- 
uus  1     A  letter  for  you,  sir,'' 

'*A  letter  for  me?^'  cried  Mynus,  a^ 
tonished.  For  his  correspondence  was 
limited,  having  neither  friends  nor  acquain- 
tances, "  Oh  I  'tis  from  that  scoundrgl 
Tiddles,  I  suppose." 

He  took  the  letter  and  opened  it  A 
long  slip  of  paper  was  wrapped  around  a 
small  note.  The  slip  of  paper  was  a  check 
for  a  hundred  dollars.  The  note  contain- 
ed the  following  words. 

"Miss  Brandon  I'egrets  that  her  aecjuain- 
tanoe  with  Mr.  Mynus  mu.st  lorminate. 
He  has,  howeverj  her  best  wishes,  and  she 
trusts  thst  the  inclosed^  will  be  of  some 
service." 

A  red  spot  glowed  for  an  instant  on 
My  nus'g  cheek.  To  recei  ve  al  ms  from  her, 
who — the  check  was  half  crushed  in  his 
hand  by  the  impulse,  when  his  eye  fell 
on  the  little  account  which  lay  on  the  ta- 
ble. He  checked  himsself.  The  reader 
will  no  doubt  think  3!ynus  excessively 
mean;  but  perhaps  if  the  reader  were  in 
Mynus^scircum^tamsoj  he  would  have  done 
what  he  did,  that  is.  put  t!ie  cIxTk  in  his 
pocket,  and  burn  the  note,  An«l  lhu<*  Mn 
Isiwics  was  paid  his  bill,  and  for  three 
wefks>  Mynu:*  lived  like  a  getitJcinAiw 
nttermg  aii;irhemii>i  in  Ins  cup^  agaiUKl 
pubhiilieni  and  e<litors,  m  which  he  uowr 
%\m  included  managers  and  women* 


1864.1                                        JETymit  to  Air.                                            63 

Ai  for  Bellm,  she  is  at  present  the  or-  she  declaimed  the  Polar  Maiden,  in  his 

HBent  of  a  faitt  set  of  young  ladies  in  garret.     lie  sighs  all  the  more  heavily, 

JSiwm  York.    She  goes  to  the  watering  poor  fellow,  because  the.  hundred  dollars 

.and  has  an  enormous  bill  at  Ma-  has  been  long  since  spent,  and  Belisarius 

errero's  erery  year.   Mynus  some-  once  more  holds  out  his   hand  for  the 

her,  driving  by  in  her  carriage,  obolum^  and  is  still  hard  up. 


t^, 


ad  flgfas  as  he  thinks  of  the  time  when 


HYMN   TO   AIR. 


THE  mightiest  thou,  among  the  Powers  of  Earth, 
The  viewless  Agent  of  the  unseen  God, 
What  immemorial  era  saw  thy  birth  ? 

What  pathless  fields  of  new  Creation  trod 
Thy  noiseless  feet  ?    Where  was  thy  dwelling-place 
In  the  blind  realm  of  Chaos,  ere  the  word 
Of  Sovereign  Order  by  the  stars  was  heard, 
Or  the  young  planet  knew  her  Maker's  face  ? 
No  wrecks  are  hid  in  thine  unfathomed  sea ; 

Thy  crystal  tablets  no  inscription  bear ; 
The  awful  Infinite  is  shrined  in  thee, 
Immeasurable  Air ! 

II. 

Thou  art  the  Soul  wherein  the  Earth  renews 
The  nobler  life,  that  heals  her  primal  scars ; 

Thine  is  the  mantle  of  all-glorious  hues. 

Which  makes  her  beautiful  among  the  stars ; 

Tliine  is  the  essence  that  mforms  her  frame 
With  manifold  existence,  thine  the  wing 
From  ^\U  of  outer  darkness  sheltering, 

And  from  the  Sun's  uplifted  sword  of  fiame. 

She  sleeps  in  thy  protection,  lives  in  thee ; 

Thou  mak'st  the  foreheads  of  her  mountains  smile ; 

His  heart  to  thine,  the  all-surrounding  Sea 
Spreads  thy  blue  drapery  o'er  his  cradled  isle. 

Thou  art  the  breath  of  Nature,  and  the  tongue 
Unto  her  dumb  material  being  granted, 
And  by  thy  voice  her  sorrowing  psalms  are  chanted— 
Her  hymns  of  triumph  sung  1 


Thine  azure  fountains  nourish  all  that  lives  : 
Forever  draiuwl,  yet  ever  brimming  o'er, 
Their  billows  in  eternal  freshness  jxmr, 

And  from  her  choicest  treasury  Nature  gives 

A  glad  repayment  of  the  debt  she  owes. 
Replenishing  thy  soun-cs : — balmy  dews, 
That  on  thy  breast  their  summer  tears  diffuse ; 

Strength  from  the  pine,  and  sweetness  from  the  rose ; 

The  spice  of  gorgeous  lud,  the  scents  that  fill 
Ambrosial  forests  in  the  isles  of  palm  ; 

Leagues  of  perennial  bloom  on  every  hill ; 
Lily  and  lotus  in  the  waters  calm ; 

And  where  the  torrent  leaps  to  take  thy  wing. 
But  dashes  out  its  life  in  diamond  spray, 


4i  Symn  to  Air,  [July 

Or  multitudinous  waves  of  ocean  fling 

Their  briny  strength  along  thy  rapid  way — 

Escapes  some  virtue,  which  from  thee  they  hold : 
And  even  the  grosser  exhalations,  fed 
From  Earth's  decay,  Time's  crowded  chamel-bed, 

Fused  in  thy  vast  alembic,  turn  to  gold. 


Man  is  thy  nursling,  universal  Air ! 

No  kinder  parent  fosters  him.  than  thou : 
How  soft  thy  iingers  dally  with  his  hair  I 

How  sweet  their  pressure  on  his  fevered  brow  I 
In  the  dark  lanes  where  squalid  Misery  dweUs, 

Where  the  fresh  glories  of  existence  shun 
The  childhood  nurtured  in  the  city's  hells. 

And  eyes  that  never  saw  the  morning  sun. 
Pale  checks  for  thee  are  pining,  heavy  sighs 
Drawn  from  the  depth  of  weary  hearts,  arise — 
The  flower  of  Life  is  withered  on  its  stem, 

And  the  black  shade  the  loathsome  walls  inclose 

Day  after  day  more  drear  and  stifling  grows, 
Till  Heaven  itself  seems  forfeited,  to  them  I 
What  marvel,  then,  as  from  a  fevered  dream 

The  dying  wakes,  to  feel  his  forehead  fanned 
By  thy  celestial  freshness,  he  should  deem 

The  death-sweat  dried  beneath  an  angel's  hand  ? 
That  tokens  of  the  violet-sprinkled  sod. 

Breathed  like  a  blessing  o'er  his  closing  eyes, 

Should  promise  him  the  peace  of  Paradise — 
The  pardon  of  his  God  ! 


What  is  the  scenery  of  Earth  to  thine  ? 

Here,  all  is  flxed  in  everlasting  shapes, 
But  where  the  realms  of  gorgeous  Cloudland  shine, 

There  stretch  afar  thy  sun-illumined  capes,    * 
Embaying  reaches  of  the  amber  seas 

X)f  simset,  on  whose  tranquil  bosom  lie 

The  happy  islands  of  the  upper  sky. 
The  halcyon  shores  of  thine  Atlantides. 
Anon  the  airy  headlands  change,  and  drift 

Into  sublimer  forms,  that  slowly  -heave 

Their  toppling  masses  up  the  front  of  eve, 
Crag  heaped  on  crag,  with  n.any  a  fiery  rift. 
And  hoary  summits,  throned  beyond  the  reach 

Of  Alp  or  Caucasus:  again  they  change. 

And  down  the  vast,  interminable  range 
Of  towers  and  palaces,  transcending  each 
The  workmanship  of  Fable-Land,  we  see 

The  "  crystal  hyaline  "  of  Heaven's  own  floor— 
The  radiance  of  the  far  Eternity 
Reflected  on  thy  shore ! 

VI. 

To  the  pure  calm  of  thy  cerulean  deeps 

The  jar  of  earth-born  tumult  cannot  climb ; 
There  ancient  Silence  her  dominion  keeps, 

Beyond  the  nairow  boundaries  of  Time. 
The  taint  of  Sin,  the  vapors  of  the  world, 

The  smokes  of  godless  Altars,  hang  below, 
Staining  thy  marge^  bat  not  a  cloudis  carled 

Where  those  sapmal  tides  of  ether  flow; 


1854.1  Acn>9»  the  Stand.  05 

What  Tistis  ope  from  those  serener  plains ! 

What  dawning  splendors  touch  thine  azarc  towers ! 

When  some  fair  soul,  whose  path  on  Earth  was  ours, 
The  starry  freedom  of  its  wing  regains, 
Shall  it  not  linger  for  a  moment  there, 

One  last  divine  regret  to  Earth  returning, — 

One  look,  where  Light  ineffable  is  burning 
In  Heaven's  immortal  air ! 

VII. 

Thine  are  the  treasuries  of  Ilail  and  Snow ; 

Thj  hand  lets  fall  the  Thunder's  bolt  of  fire, 
And  when  from  out  thy  seething  caldrons  blow 

The  vapors  of  the  whirlwind,  spire  on  spire 
lu  terrible  convolution  wreathed  and  blent^ 

The  unimagined  strength  that  lay  concealed    ■ 

Within  thy  quiet  bosom,  is  revealed 
To  the  racked  Earth  and  trembling  firmament. 
And  thou  dost  hold,  awaiting  God's  degree, 

The  ke3r8  of  all  destruction  : — in  that  hour 

When  the  Almighty  Wrath  shall  loose  thy  power. 
Before  thy  breath  shall  disappear  the  sea. 
To  ashes  turn  the  mountain's  mighty  frame. 

And  as  the  seven-fold  fervors  wider  roll, 

Thou,  self-consuming,  shrivel  as  a  scroll, 
And  wrap  the  world  in  one  wide  pall  of  flame ! 


ACROSS   TH*   STAND. 


A  GOOD  long  hour,  so  tells  my  watch, 
Have  I  b«5n  trying,  love,  to  write ; 
And  yet  I  have  not  made  a  line, 

Nor  do  I  think  I  can  to-night, — 
Unless  indeed  these  simple  wonls 
Do  set  themselves  to  easy  chords. 


Between  us  lies  a  little  stand, 

Some  blotted  paper,  pens,  and  ink  ; 

We  are  so  near  our  hands  will  meet, 
Our  lips  will  almost  touch,  I  think ; 

I  told  ^ou  so !  but  pray  remain, 

And  kiss  me  o'er  and  o'er  again. 


III. 

And  now  the  hours  may  come  or  go ; 

I  will  no  longer  heed  their  flight: 
Your  kisses,  dear,  are  more  than  songs, 

Nor  will  1  pen  a  word  to-night ; 
What  care  I  ror  a  deathless  name  ? 
A  lore  like  oan  is  moro  than  Fame  ( 


06 


[July 


ISRAEL   POTTER;    OR.    FIFTY    YEARS    OF    EXILE. 
A  FOXTRTn  OF  JULY  STORY, 


CHAPTER  L 

TOE  BrSTHPLACB  OP  ISRAEL. 

"yilE  traveller  who  at  the  present  day  is 
*  content  to  travel  in  the  good  old 
Asiatic  style,  neither  rushed  along  by  a 
lo'V,inotive.  nor  dragged  by  a  stage-coach  ; 
who  is  willing  to  enjoy  hospitalities  at 
f:ir-sc:ittered  farmhouses,  instead  of  pay- 
ing his  bill  at  an  inn ;  who  is  not  to  be 
frijrh toned  by  an}'  amount  of  loneliness, 
or  to  be  deterred  by  the  roughest  roads 
or  the  highest  hills ;  such  a  traveller  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Berkshire,  Mass., 
will  find  ample  food  for  poetic  reflection 
in  the  singular  scenery  of  a  country, 
which,  owing  to  the  ruggedness  of  the 
soil  and  its  lying  out  of  the  track  of  all 
public  conveyances,  remains  almost  as  un- 
known to  the  general  tourist  as  the  inte- 
rior of  Bohemia, 

Travelling  northward  from  the  town- 
ship of  Otis,  the  road  leads  for  twenty  or 
thirty  miles  towards  Windsor,  Icngth\nse 
ufion  that  long  broken  spur  of  heights 
v/hich  the  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont 
send  into  Massachusetts.  For  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  distance,  you  have  the  con- 
tinual sensation  of  being  upon  some  ter- 
race in  the  moon.  The  feeling  of  the 
jilam  or  the  valley  is  never  yours  ;  scarce- 
ly the  feeling  of  the  earth.  Unless  by  a 
sudden  precipitation  of  the  road  you  find 
yourself  plunging  into  some  gorge;  you 
pass  on.  and  on,  and  on,  upon  the  crests 
or  slo[)es  of  pastoral  mountains,  while  far 
below,  mapped  out  in  its  beauty,  the  val- 
ley of  the  Ilousatonic  lies  endlessl}'  along 
at  your  feet.  Often,  as  your  horse  gain- 
ing some  lofty  level  tract,  Hat  as  a  table. 
trots  gayly  over  the  almost  deserted  and 
sod«]cd  road,  and  your  admiring  eye 
sweeps  the  broad  landscape  beneath,  you 
seem  to  be  Bootes  driving  in  heaven. 
Save  a  potato  field  here  and  there,  at 
long  intervals,  the  whole  country  is  either 
in  wood  or  pasture.  Horses,  cattle  and 
sheep  are  the  principal  inhabitants  of 
these  mountains.  But  all  through  the 
year  lazy  columns  of  smoke  rising  from 
the  depths  of  the  forest,  proclaim  the 
presence  of  that  half-outlaw,  the  charcoal- 
burner  ;  while  in  early  spring  added  curls 
of  vapor  show  that  the  maple  sugar-boiler 
is  also  at  work.  But  as  for  fiurniing  as  a 
regular  vocation,  there  is  not  much  of  it 
here.  At  any  rate,  no  man  by  that 
means  accumulates  %  fortune  from  this 


thin  and  rocky  soil;  all  who.se  arable 
parts  have  long  since  been  nearly  ex- 
hausted. 

Yet  during  the  first  settlement  of  the 
country,  the  region  was  not  unpro«luctivc. 
Here  it  was  that  the  original  settlers 
came,  acting  upon  the  principle  well- 
known  to  have  regulated  their  choice  of 
site,  namely,  the  high  land  in  preference 
to  the  low.  as  less  subject  to  the  un- 
wholesome miasmas  generated  by  break- 
ing into  the  rich  valleys  and  alluvial  bot>- 
toms  of  primeval  regions.  By  degrees, 
however,  they  quitted  the  safety  of  this 
sterile  elevation,  to  brave  the  dangers  of 
richer  though  lower  fields.  So  that  at 
the  present  day,  some  of  those  mountain 
townships  present  an  aspect  of  singular 
abandonment  Though  they  have  never 
known  aught  but  peace  and  health,  they, 
in  one  lesser  aspect  at  least,  look  like 
countries  depopulated  by  plague  and  war. 
Every  mile  or  two  a  house  is  passcrl  un- 
tenanted. The  strength  of  the  frame- 
worji  of  these  ancient  buildings  enables 
them  long  to  resist  the  encroachments  of 
decay.  Spotted  gray  and  green  with  the 
weather-stain,  their  timbers  seem  to  have 
lapsed  back  into  their  woodland  original, 
forming  part  now  of  the  general  pictu- 
resqueness  of  the  natural  scene.  They 
are  of  extraordinary  size,  compared  with 
modem  farm-houses.  One  peculiar  feature 
is  the  immense  chimney,  of  light  gray 
stone,  perforating  the  middle  of  the  roof 
like  a  tower. 

On  all  sides  are  seen  the  tokens  of  an 
cient  industry.  As  stone  abounds  through- 
out these  mountains,  that  material  was, 
for  fences,  as  ready  to  the  hand  as  wood, 
besides  being  much  more  durable.  Con- 
sequently the  landscape  is  intersected  in 
all  directions  with  walls  of  uncommon 
neatness  and  strength. 

The  number  and  length  of  these  walls 
is  not  more  surprising  than  the  size  of 
some  of  the  blocks  comprising  them. 
The  very  Titans  seemed  to  have  been  at 
work.  That  so  small  an  army  as  the 
first  settlers  must  needs  have  been, 
should  have  taken  such  wonderful  pains 
to  inclose  so  ungrateful  a  soil ;  that  they 
should  have  accomplished  such  herculean 
undertakings  with  so  slight  prospect  of 
reward;  this  is  a  consideration  which 
gives  us  a  significant  hint  of  the  tcmpc* 
of  the  men  of  the  Revolutionary  era. 

Nor  ooold  %  fitter  country  bo  fouz» 


imt 


f^;  w,  Fifi^ 


rfori 


sM«* 


VlMfclo 


Ikrr  Ike  l}irtl)|ilftieo  of  the  deroUnl  jmlHoti 

To  •  'ic  l>cst  Ktime-wAll  binld- 

tf«    f  t    woof!-ehonp<?rs»    come 

iry    ruMiinfain   luwns ;  a 

villi  the  toma- 
itn;iL  us  isisijr- 

.  the  lilnom  of 

^  ere 

ij-^  upon  tbem* 

is  miiutel  Jtke 

Th<3  balmy 

like  ji  cfnser. 

>  for  the  spare 

:|(entine  tnoun- 

i^li-  Irum  tlie  great 

riir— thu  St  l:et€r*i* 

Ts  to  the  twin 

jch  is  the  two- 

.-rM-    .»  .^  lif  IJerkKhire  j 

'4»wuto  thcwujit  Ihe  Htmsa- 

fnaeWtmlfi    '■"     l^l    Iirr  vv;L;,rv   In^vrinlh, 

4vPii|dt  rl  ::^  m 

IM  rtiUcti  !  At 

fkii  MiJnci   tb«   U^^uty  oi  evrry  thJn^ 
avowl  f\m  poim\tdc3  the   loneliness  of 
•rir.     Yau   would   not  bate  the 
ttiore  wttl^^rl  if  y<'n  could*     Con* 
\  cirmk  Id  riu^  At  tit  your 

,  tbo  bc!4i'  '  company  but 

I  wliAl  ni|*tiin!  vou  behold*  hover- 
■  '    -         ■*  ■     ^-Kor 

-some 
Dj^^af^;  itiiu 

'  lAmji.,^..-,.,  .,,..-.  ,  ■-'^- 

hlnL    Or  you  b*  hold  & 

ft«M  ICflBe  cWi  like  a  tUr 
aid  fbfli  lu*  pmnAcltHl  camiI^  tmd  dart* 
lil|^4|oiirn  t^^nr(l=  xhv  p-vit  for  hi§  prey* 
CN"  f-  aTsoitt   in   th** 

■B^  Tn!' It  Illy  W^it 

liy  •  '  I  iiidftctty 

|in.«  brnvtTV. 

tell 


MBCBsnli  to  liiia  «ay«  IrnAK^ 


tWi> 


incxiidiary  jmt- 


ftir  IB  vo^fti  with  their  hymtm,  tmd  yoiir 
own  ^[il  joy§  m  tho  poneral  joy,  Llktj 
tt  irtfungpr  in  an  orchesfnv,  you « can  Dot 
help  BJiJuing  yourself  when  nil  a^untl 
you  niT^'  wnrh  Losannns* 

But  ill  ftutujnn,  thoi^t*  gny  northemera, 
the  hinK  rt?tum  to  their  smiihcn^  jliui- 
tationa*  Tlie  mount aiivf  arc  kft  bUak 
fttid  KTO.  Sora*uk>  8ctt.lts  down  upon 
them  in  drizzling  mists,  The  IrsivelkT  h 
l>eect,  at  perilouB  turns,  by  d<  nso  mas^ea 
of  tog.  lie  erne r^  8  for  a  muuiout  hito 
more  pcnotr*ble  air  j  ami  [itinaiug  iom«* 
pTSj,  abandoned  bowse,  eres  ihe  lofty  \ar 
^rs  pliunly  eddy  by  iu  de*okt^  dtnari 
juKt  m  from  the  phi  in,  you  ituty  >ee  it 
eddy  by  the  [itnnncks  of  di§ti"mt  and 
lonely  heightiL  Ov^  dismounting  ft-om  hia 
fiigbteiied  horse j  be  \cnM  him  down  isomo 
Bcowling  glen,  where  ibti  road  steeply 
dips  among  grim  rocki;,  onlv  to  ri>u  im 
abniptly  a|;::^in ;  and  as  ho  wjirdy  pieki 
his  way,  uneasy  at  ItiL'  tiif:ii:\cuij]^  R^cne, 
he  £ee»  ^omo  gho^l-like  *i|;;«<^'t  fouinliii^ 
through  the  rois^t  at  the  lusuLith';  and 
wend  itig  to  wards  i :  T  .1  ■  1 1 .  ■  If  %  .1  j  1 1  >  I.  ■  h-  >i  5  to 
stone,  uncouthly  ■  ihe 

spot  where,  &omc  1     ,  .  iW, 

aouie  farmer  was  upset  m  his  wood-Ued, 
and  perished  beneath  the  hi^rl 

In  winter  this  rcj^ion  m  bhjckcd  up 
with  snow.  Inaeciessible  and  impiu^ble, 
those  wild,  unfrequcnte<l  road^,  wbieh  in 
August  are  OYez^grown  with  bi|y:h  graj^  iii 
Decejuher  are  drifted  to  tlie  ai-m-pit  with 
the  white  fleece  from  the  sky.  As  if  an 
ocean  rolled  betiraen  maoand  man,  inter- 
commmueatton  ia  dtcQ  auflpended  for 
weeks  and  weeks, 

SucK  at  tlib  day,  18  thu  eountry  which 
gave  birth  to  our  hero  :  pp>pheticaj^ 
Btyled  Israel  by  the  gofrd  Puritans,  bta 
parents,  #inco  for  more  than  forty  ycm^ 
poor  Potter  wanrk'red  in  the  wild  wilder- 
nc€S  of  the  world^a  eitremcht  hardslupa 
and  ins. 

How  little  he  tiionght,  when,  as  a  boy, 
bunting  aA^T  hig  father'fi  ^irhy  cattle 
amon^  these  New  Eniirlaud  tiillin.  he  him- 
aelf  likt  n  beiii^t  should  l>o  huntetl  tlirmigh 
half  tif  Old  Kni^larwl,  a^  a  numway  reW- 
Or,  how  iXHild  he  ever  have  druamed, 
when  Involved  in  the  autumnal  vapors 
of  these  mountAinfi,  tluit  wor»ie  liewiJdet^ 
tDenta  awaited  h&m  three  thcjusund  miles 
Hi  t,»hj4  the  eea,  wamienng  lUrlorn  in  the 
:^  of  hfmtlfm.  But  so  It  was  doiH 
0  be.  ThislittlcTKrv  .rn,ehill^ 
bora  iu  n'r^hi  of  the  i*ini  or, 

wa*^  to  liUi^er  out  the  ►»  f 

a  prit^ncr  or  a  pnup<.r  u^ftu  lii 
banks  of  liie  Thamej«, 


tt^f  U*nL  w  tike  tJMtt.    Allan  while  tbo 


es 


Iwad  Potter;  of,  Flfhf  Tmrs  of  E^le. 


Mj 


OHAPTKB    It 


Urt  -Emrmwvh  Ai>TX2rT[r& 


I^ActNAT^olff  wUl  ensilj  picture  the  ra- 
mi cl»js  of  tbe  youth  of  IsrmeL  Let  us 
piLSS  on  to  &  lees  imioature  penod. 

It  appears  that  he  hc^pin  his  wander- 
mpi  vary  earljj  nioreover,  that  ere^  on 
just  principles  thrOTiving  off  the  joke 
of  hi^  king,  Israel,  on  mualjy  e^cufiable 
grounds,  emftncipated  hunseif  from  his 
aire.  He  c<:jntmiicd  in  the  enjoyment  of 
pairent-al  love  till  the  age  of  eighteen, 
when,  hav tug  formed  an  attachment  for 
ft  nftighbor'a  tlaughtcr — ^for  some  reftsoUj 
not  deemed  a  suitable |natch  bj  bm  father 
— ^!ie  was  severely  reprimanded^  warned 
to  discontinue  hh  visit"?,  acd  threatened 
with  some  di*!graeeful  punishment  in  c^se 
he  pet^iste<l  As;  the  girl  was  not  only 
beautiful,  but  amiable — thouehj  as  will 
be  Si-en,  rather  weak— and  her  family 
respectable  as  any^  thoui^h  unfortunately 
but  poor,  Isi-ael  deemed  bis  flithor'a  con- 
duet  unreasonable  and  oppressive ;  par- 
ticularly as  it  turned  out  that  he  had 
taJ^en  secret  means  to  thwart  hia  son  with 
the  prl's  connections,  if  not  with  the  girl 
herself,  8f>  m  to  place  almost  insurmount- 
able obFtack\s  to  an  eventual  marnaj^e. 
For  it  had  not  been  the  purpose  of  Israel 
to  miury  at  once,  but  at  a  future  day, 
when  prufk*tice  should  approve  the  step. 
Bo,  oppreseed  by  tiia  fatherj  and  bitterly 
disapi-KJinlcd  in  bis  love,  the  desperate 
boy  formed  the  determination  to  quit 
them  both,  for  another  homo  mid  other 
friends. 

It  was  on  Sunday,  while  the  family 
were  g<ine  to  a  farm-house  church  near 
by  J  that  he  packed  up  aa  much  of  Ms 
clothing  m  might  be  ooutained  in  a  hand- 
kerchiefj  which,  with  a  smalt  quantity  of 
provji^ion,  he  bid  in  a  piece  of  wooda  in 
the  rear  of  the  house*  He  then  returned^ 
and  continued  in  the  house  till  about 
nine  in  the  evening,  when,  pretending  to 
go  to  bedj  he  passed  out  of  a  back  door, 
aud  hastened  to  the  woods  for  his  bundle. 
It  was  a  sultry  night  in  July  j  and  that 
he  Uiij^hl  travel  with  the  more  easo  on 
the  succet^ding  fhy^  he  lay  down  at  the 
foot  of  *  pine  tree,  reposing  himself  till 
an  hour  before  dawn,  when,  upon  aw»k- 
ingj  he  heard  the  soft,  prophetic  sighing 
of  the  pine^  stirred  by  the  first  breath  of 
the  morning*  Like  the  leaicts  of  that 
evergreen,  all  the  fibi«8  of  hisi  heart  trem- 
bled within  him  j  tear?;  ft' 11  from  his  eyes* 
But  he  thought  of  the  tyranny  of  his 
(Ulht-r,  and  what  seemed  to  him  the  faith- 
leasness  of  his  lote ;  and  shouldering  hia 
bundle^  arose,  and  marched  on. 


His  intention  was  to  reneh  the  new 
countries  to  the  northwfo^il  and  we5t* 
ward,  lying  between  the  Dutch  ^itlle- 
ments  on  the  Hudson^  and  the  Vatdcce 
settlement*  on  the  Ilousatontc*  This  was 
mainly  to  elude  all  search*  For  the 
same  reason,  fi>r  the  fii'st  ten  or  tirelve 
miles,  shunning  the  public  r[>adfi,  \w 
travelled  through  the  woods  *  for  he 
knew  that  be  would  soon  be  m't^ed  and 
pursued. 

He  reachc<l  his  deistination  in  safety ; 
hired  out  to  a  fannerfora  month  throtigh 
the  hanrt^t ;  then  crossed  from  tbo  Hud- 
son to  the  Connecticut*  Meeting  hero 
with  an  adventurer  to  the  unknown  re- 
gions lying  about  the  bead  waters  of  the 
latter  river,  he  ascended  ivilh  lliij*  mail 
in  a  cjmoe,  paddUng  and  pulling  fur  mnny 
miles,  Hei-e  again  he  hired  himself  out 
for  three  months ;  at  the  end  of  that  time 
to  receive  for  hia  wagei,  two  hundred 
acres  of  land  lying  in  New  Hampshire. 
The  cheapness  of  the  land  was  nut  ulone 
owing  to  the  newue.ss  of  the  country,  but 
to  the  perils  investing  it.  Not  only  was 
it  a  wildemesis  abounding  with  wild, 
beasts,  but  the  widely  i^cattered  inbahit- 
anta  were  in  continual  <]read  of  being,  at 
some  unguarded  momcut,  destroyed  or 
made  captive  by  tlie  CaDftdian  fiavages, 
whOj  CTcr  since  the  French  war,  had  im- 
prOT^d  every  opportunity  to  make  forays 
across  the  defenceless  frontier. 

His  employer  proving  fabe  to  his  con- 
tract in  the  matter  of  the  land,  and  there 
being  no  law  in  the  countiy  to  for«?e  him 
to  fulfil  it,  Israe!, — ^who  however  brave- 
hearted,  and  even  much  of  a  dare-devil 
upon  a  pinch,  seemSj  nevertheless,  to  hav# 
evinced,  throughout  many  parts  of,hi3 
career,  a  singular  patience  and  mildness, 
—was  obliged  to  look  round  for  other 
means  of  livelihood,  than  clearing  out  a 
farm  for  himself  in  the-  wilderness.  A 
party  of  rt)jal  surveyorH  were  at  this 
period  surveying  the  uni^cttled  regions 
boniering  the  Connecticut  River  Vi  its 
source.  Af  fifleen  shillings  i>er  montbi 
he  engaged  hiiuEelf  to  this  [larty  as  ai? dist- 
ant chain-bearer,  little  thinking  that  thfi 
day  \n\B  to  come  when  he  should  clank 
the  king*s  chains  in  a  dungecmt  even  as 
now  he  trailed  them  a  free  ranger  of  the 
woods.  It  was  midwinter;  the  UikI  was 
surveyed  upon  snow-?hoes.  At  tlie  clotio 
of  tlic  day,  firij.-i  were  kindled  witb  dry 
hemlock,  a  hut  thrown  up,  and  the  fjjirty 
ate  and  slept* 

Paid  tilT  at  last,  Israel  height  a  gim 
and  ammumlion,  and  turned  hunter. 
Deer,  lieaver,  Ac.,  were  plenty.  In  two 
or  three  months  he  had  many  skins  to 


I 


i 


lS54j 


Jmul  Potkr;   or,  Fi/l^  Tian  of  Exik. 


tkmw.  I  wappom  It  Tii*TCf  mtertd  his 
«b^llttl  ha  wii  thiii  ^imlifjing  him- 
ii»V  iir  anAriumvi  of  tiH'ti.    But  thua 

w«r»  tai*<r\t!  i1j*i*<.  wimjJ- rful  ^bots  who 

IkMiL  ,   whom  Put* 

WBi  l»i;k  Witt  iiU  the  white  of  tli«  CQi^ 

wit!  (  of  his  Imnllnji;  he  pur- 

^Iktf^^  1  iw*T<*si  af  laiitl,   further 

i?  '    monj  .settled 

fj.  lit,  imtJ  ifi  t\^o 

mtim.r*^  '«»iri  nj^  uwn  ti*iKl8,  cleared 
thktf  acrcfi  for  ^iritif;.     In  ilic  winter 

mmmmlmh '-"  --.1  tripfXHh    At  iho 

fffifif  llie   '  ht*  &i>lil  bii4:k  his 

lUiJ-Hntw  ^  vi  il — eo  the  orvgl- 

IaJ  owner,  i.iy  pounds 

1  im<'8call- 

fctllS'  thCT 

^^w\  >  of 

ilnkin  iki&ds^  i^\ii^\tfa.  U  "mu^  tionr 
V^ttf  ftfmm.  Flitting  HiA  (Toock  on  & 
hi»d^^-T.  ■  ■  '.'  Ciuida,  ft 

pdfSi-  i|;»twrg- 

tlttl^  Wd  il  b*«n  fuii  .  i  ucmM 

«»  b^uxHrd  y»  V.  ',.■  iinm<^ 

til fiit^tUw  Willi!.-,.       ■,.,;.. jcTJcy  fcg 

firiMi  rwU  i\*cit  hAffovTH  over  ttie  flng- 
pt^  ti  firwM.  Iii  tTi^-  way  wji^  hrvd 
tliiA   faults    ^'  i4i)d   in(Je(>ei)- 

das  witkli  COT)':  r  fciref&th<}r»  to 

mtKmaJi  fr«t:«lotii, 

Hiii  €?iwiidijui  trip  pmre<l  highlj  ecte- 
ontfiiL     SklUtig  hin  glitterixi^  ^jtAs  tt  % 

4ii^  reductiuii.  Itctiirnin;;  to  rLirle5^ 
luws,  hm  ^p09vd  of  liLM  n?Ut  ni  cargo 
^pMtt  fti*  vtrjr  fine  pri>l^t*  And  now, 
vMi  *  %!lil  ht^ri  ftnd  a  h^^^jivj  pur^e,  ho 
liihwllii  ill  il  luji  jiwi^thrjirt am prLreiits^ 
if  wbofD,  fur  tkree   viam,  ho  had  tiad 

Tbry  wtn?  ni>i  Iokr  wilonifihcf!  thAD  do 
E||)htr»  :>pG&raoc«;  ht-  hud  been 

WMlt  The  4^3 1,      IVit  ht^  lovo 

ili  iotr%«M  \«>  nii«t 

^■1  4teit«ml  I  to 


bBBl 


lllsui  iucii 


niftin taming  his  rights  (for  he  was  mw 
onc-and'twt?nty),  resohcd  once  more  to 
r  (.'treaty  and  quit  his  blue  hills  for  I  ho  bluer 
bJUows. 

A  hcrmitftge  in  the  forest  13  the  rf?fuge 
of  the  narrow-nibiled  luisaiithroin? ;  & 
bEnimCJck  on  theoceftn  is  the  BHylutn  for 
the  generous  di&t reused.  The  ocemi  hrims 
with  natural  griefs  and  trii;;fpfliesi;  and 
into  that  wntery  iuiititfusitj  of  terror^  tAau's 
Irritate  gnef  i^i  hmi  like  a' drop. 

Travel  li tig  on  fof>t  to  Providoiiec,  Ithod^ 
lislund,  Israpl  shipjx^  on  board  a  sloops 
bound  with  lime  to  the  West  Iridies,  On 
the  tenth  day  out,  the  vr  i  -^  ■  -ht  fire, 
fro  m  water  coi m  n  un  ira  r  ? ,  e  1  ime. 

It  was  imi*t>ssiblc.'  toextij.^  . .  ;  :'..-  Hames, 
The  boat  wa?^  hoif^ted  out.  but  owiu^  to 
loriji  ox[K>!surc  to  tlie  sun.  it  net^ded  eoutin- 
ual  baling  to  keep  it  niloat  They  hAd 
only  time  to  put  in  a  firkin  of  butter  and 
a  teu-gaUon  kpi^  of  wattT*  Eight  in  num- 
l*er,  the  cn?w  ejirru?4ti:d  liiemM-'lve*:!  t*>  th© 
weaves,  in  a  J^-ttky  liih^  many  leagues  fr<im 
land*  As  tht?  lK»al  swi^pt  under  the  bum- 
iiig  bowsprit,  Lnracl  caught  at  a  fni|E^ 
montortlie  tlyiug-jib,  which  f=^il  imi]  rall- 
cn  down  the  stay,  owing  to  the  charring^ 
nigh  the  flec'k^  oi"  the  rope  which  hoislcd 
it,  Tjuined  vviih  the  Kniuki%  and  it*;  cdg« 
bhiokcned  with  tlie  firc^  this  Lit  of  ean- 
T*vs  hoi  J  ted  thi'Ui  hravvly  on  their  nay. 
Tliank>i  to  kind  Providemx',  on  the  ncond 
day  they  were  picked  up  by  a  Dutch  ^hip, 
bound  from  Kostutia  to  Ilolknd.  Tbo 
ai8tawa)'S  were  liuniunely  n.*eelve<l,  anil 
supplied  with  every  neccsiiiJiry.  At  iho 
end  of  a  wiek,  while  unwophiiiticated  Is- 
nwsl  was  Kilting  in  the  main  top,  thinking 
whftt  ^hotiM  U'full  hiin  in  llollant!,  and 
wondering  what  j^rt  of  unKeltliHlj  wild, 
eoontrv  it  wa^^  and  whether  there  was 
any  Jocr-Hhwling  or  heavcr-trjiftping 
there;  lot  ati  Amurieati  brig^  bound  frfun 
Piscata*iua  to  Antigua,  comcR  i[i  sighL 
The  American  ttwjk  them  aboard  niifl  con* 
veyi'il  HiiTn  -,r;?v  to  her  [m^tL  There 
I  ^  T  jr to  liieo ;  from  tbenec, 

Uiher  rovmgs  ensued  ;  until  at  Ta^tt 
entering  on  board  a  Nan  tucket  nhip,  ho 
htmted  the  tcTmthan  off  the  Western 
iRlamk  and  on  the  rortnt  af  Arhcn.  for 
wxtecn  months;  rHtinnn^  at  length  to 
Kantiieket  with  a  brinnniiig  liohh  From 
that  i^lund  he  siih'd  again  <in  n puttier 
whaling  vovage,  I'Stfrnrlimr.  t\m  Umt\  into 
the  great  Smith  Sea,  Th*  re,  promotwl 
to  be  liflrpc>onrr.  iNrael,  whoi«iw  eve  and 
arm  had  bt'cti  no  itnproveff  '  *  ■  •  •  *ttio 
witli   hm  gun    in    the   wil*i  >w 

furilter    intenissikd  \m  aitn,   !  ,      .- .hajj 
Vm  whale-bmce  ;  i*iill*  ut*wittiii)jly,  jn^ 


TO 


Israel  Potter  ;   or,  Fi/li/  Vcars  of  ExiU. 


[July 


paring  himself  for  the  Bunker  Hill 
rifle. 

In  this  last  voyage,  our  adventurer 
experienced  to  the  extreme,  all  the  hard- 
ships and  privations  of  the  whaleman's 
life  on  a  long  V03age  to  distant  and  bar- 
barous waters ;  hardships  and  privations 
unknown  at  the  present  day,  when  sci- 
ence has  so  grcatl}'  contribute<l,  in  mani- 
fold ways,  to  lessen  the  suirerings,  and 
adil  to  the  comforts  of  sea-faring  men. 
Ileartil}'  sick  of  the  ocean,  and  longing 
once  more  for  the  bush,  Israel,  upon  re- 
ceiving his  discharge  at  Nantucket  at  the 
end  of  the  voyage,  hied  straight  back  for 
his  mountain  home. 

But  if  hopes  of  his  sweetheart  winged 
his  returning  flight,  such  hopes  were  not 
destined  to  be  crowned  with  fruition. 
The  dear,  false  girl,  was  another's. 


CUAPTER  llL 

LSllAFL  GOES  TO  TUR  WABB ;  AKD  BKACniNO  nOTEXB 
IIILL  IN  TIMK  TO  BK  OF  BKRVICB  TUKRE,  8C»0»  AF- 
TP.R  18  FOUrr.D  TO  KXTKND  BIS  TBAVKLS  AOBOeft 
THE  AEA  INTO  TUK  BNUIY'b  LAND. 

Lekt  to  idle  lamentitions,  Israel  might 
now  have  planteii  deep  furrows  in  his 
brow.  But  stifling  his  pain,  ho  chose 
rather  to  plough,  than  be  ploughed. 
Farming  weans  man  from  his  som^ws. 
That  tranquil  pursuit  tolerates  nothing 
but  tranquil  meditations.  There,  too,  in 
mother  earth,  you  may  plant  and  reap ; 
not.  as  in  other  things,  plant  and  see  the 
planting  torn  up  by  the  roots.  But  if 
wandering  in  the  wilderness ;  and  wan- 
dering ui)on  the  waters ;  if  felling  trees; 
and  hunting,  and  shipwreck ;  and  fighting 
\vith  whales,  and  all  his  other  strange 
adventures,  had  not  as  yet  cured  poor 
Israel  of  his  now  hopeless  ])assion ;  events 
were  at  hand  for  ever  to  drown  it. 

It  was  the  year  1774.  The  difficulties 
long  pending  between  the  colonics  and 
England,  were  arriving'  at  their  crisis. 
Hostilities  were  certain.  The  Americans 
were  preparing  themselves.  Companies 
were  formed  in  most  of  the  New  England 
towns;  whose  members,  receiving  the 
name  of  minute-meu,  stood  ready  to 
march  anywhere  at  a  minute's  warning. 
Israel,  for  the  last  eight  months,  so- 
journing as  a  laborer  on  a  farm  in  Wind- 
sor, enrolled  himself  in  the  regiment  of 
Colonel  John  Patterson  of  Lenox,  after- 
wards General  Patterson. 

The  battle  of  Lexington  was  fought  on 
the  18th  of  April,  1775 ;  news  of  it  arrived 
in  the  county  of  Berkshire  on  the  20th, 
about  noon.    The  next  mormng  ot  sun- 


rise, Israel  swimg  his  knapsack,  shoul- 
dered his  musket,  and  with  Patterson's 
regiment,  was  on  the  march,  quickstep^ 
towanls  Boston. 

Like  Putnam,  Israel  received  the  stir- 
ring tidings  at  the  plough.  But  although 
not  less  willing  than  Putnam,  to  fly  to 
battle  at  an  instant's  notice ;  3*et — only 
half  an  acre  of  the  field  remaining  to  bo 
finished — he  whipped  up  his  team  and 
finished  it.  Before  hastening  to  one 
duty,  ho  would  not  leave  a  prior  one  un- 
done ;  and  ere  helping  to  whip  the  British, 
for  a  little  practice'  sake,  he  applied  the 
gad  to  his  oxen.  From  the  field  of  the 
farmer,  he  rushed  to  that  of  the  soldier, 
mingling  his  blood  with  his  sweat.  While 
we  revel  in  broadcloth,  let  us  not  forget 
what  we  owe  to  linsey-woolsey. 

With  other  detachments  from  various 
quarters,  Israel's  regiment  remained  en- 
cam])ed  for  several  days  in  the  vicinity  of 
Charlestown.  On  the  seventeenth  of 
June,  one  thousand  Americans,  includi(ig 
the  regiment  of  Patterson,  were  set  about 
fortifying  Bunker's  Hill.  Working  all 
through  the  night,  by  dawn  of  the 
following  day,  the  redoubt  was  thrown 
up.  But  every  one  knows  all  about  the 
battle.  Suffice  it,  that  Israel  was  one 
of  those  marksmen  whom  Putnam  ha- 
rangued as  touching  the  enemy's  eyes. 
Forbearing  as  ho  was  with  his  oppressive 
father  and  unfiiithful  love,  and  mild  as 
he  was  on  the  fann ;  Israel  was  not  the 
same  at  Bunker  Hill.  Putnam  had  en- 
jouied  the  men  to  aim  at  the  officers ;  so 
Israel  aimed  between  the  golden  epaulettes, 
as,  in  the  wilderness,  ho  had  aimed  be- 
tween the  branching  antlers.  With  dog- 
ged disdain  of  their  foes,  the  English 
grenadiers  marched  up  the  hill  with  sul- 
len slowness;  thus  furnishing  still  surer 
aims  to  the  muskets  which  bristled  on  the 
redoubt.  Modest  Israel  was  used  to  aver, 
that  considering  his  practice  in  the  woods, 
he  could  hardly  be  regarded  as  an  inex- 
perienced marksman ;  hinting,  that  every 
shot  which  the  epauletted  grenadiers  re- 
ceived from  his  rifle,  would,  upon  a  differ- 
ent occasion,  have  procured  him  a  deer- 
skin. And  like  stricken  decrs  the  Eng- 
lish, rashly  brave  as  they  were,  fled  from 
the  opening  fire.  But  the  marksman's 
ammunition  was  expended;  ahand-to-hand 
encounter  ensued.  Not  one  American 
musket  in  twenty  had  a  bayonet  to  it 
So,  wielding  the  stock  right  and  left,  the 
terrible  farmers,  with  hats  and  coats  off, 
fought  their  way  among  the  furred  grena- 
dbrs;  knocking  them  rieht  and  left,  as 
seal  hunters  on  the  beach,  knodk  down 
with  their  dubs  the  Shetland  seal.    In 


1851.] 


Imtd  Potkr  ;   or,  Fijy  Tmr$  of  Sxlk, 


?l 


lb*  dfiiM  en»wtt  »jw!  orinfusion,  while 
Isaiprji  nii&ikvC  got  mt<.TU)ckecl,  he  miv  a 
Hide  liAMixniatjal)*  ntunai-iu;;  hiH  f^el 
6«n  Ui»  |;t^^' '"  ^  THrnkini?  somfl  fftlU*n 
mmmy  mm*f  l<  him  dt  the  k*«t 

pi^  drM|>(     _  <1  4U1  hk  iiuiakct, 

M  WTT«ich«d  St  '  1. lit  found  that 

IliOflQJb  m  bmre  r  it,  that  hand 

«i»  MfRfHoiai  t«r  «vcn  It  wm  .wmt 
BrttWt  ffWfrr'n  h<y^  <fWf>rfi-afm,  cut  IHtm 

I  !ost.     At  that 

B^-tii'.  Eitjitnl  at  is- 

fieri  '  <  r.     In  ati  in* 

■1131  \  l  by  kindred 

ilJaDl  6  i  y  a  hroihcr's 

mApv  '■'!<*     But 

hn«l  LA  cut 

Ml  t^  :>, .  received 

m  imrrjxsv^  .    a  long 

iSlt  *.'^l.-^  I  II  hurk'd 

L  Yui^  him 

t*  vvcr«  tho 

I  Art  I  ^vhii^h  oiir  Sicinius 

IMMftt  II    thitt   rn«tiJurith1o 

UL  uth   h)^  conirAdca 

be  fn»r  ,,iiiF    Prn!tpcf»t    lliU, 

a^  *  ■    'J  thehoB- 

tr  di'trtuicdj 

ttoL  .♦!  wi-  ,  several 

|Baei  of  ^  \  by  tho 

wmfpom,  trw   .  '  "  hij^h 

hmth  Afifi  mm  U- 

-.  0(i    i*ro>p(x:t 
now    in    pOK* 
■MM  of  y«v  lu«,  It  ho  ta  turn  h^d  forti* 


n   ]3o«t(m 

'  y  wf  pro- 
V  fir«:*it- 

-n      to 

I.  gf 

-itin- 
L*yh     Tho 


iCn  in.*  ibw  WigviF 
IM  piSM,  euniiiimtittet: 
§t^     Semmen  went  bu- J  t4i  U 


•  ^M  fiprtn  ic»  Trtlnn^HT  for 

itrl-      ■  .lidi 

!  ty. .  r  hn 


fbn»  dft ji  ottt  sf  Eottoo  bftrbor,  Um 


briganttBe  wna  caiJitin'd  by  lUo  enemy's 

feliip  Foy^  of  twi^nty  gnn%  Tsiki^n  prisoner 
with  thu  rc*t  of  the  crew. Tsr^iel  via*  afl<?r- 
vards  pot  on  >-*'i«  1  t}ip  fVivjutc  Tartar, 
with  imtiicvIiLi'  r di^rs  hr  Ewglnn'i. 

8eroniy*two  ^^  ,    ^cs  in  ihin  vt\<Hfl» 

Ueadod  hy  rsmoi,  the.se  men^half  irny 
Bf^ross  lh(j  sea— formed  a  frohtnne  to  tyizt 
the  ship,  but  n-cro  Liotrtiyud  by  o  rtnerado 
English inati.  As  ringlcadt'r.'  HrmA  vms 
put  in  iron^,  and  so  leniainivl  li]|  th(* 
ifigatc  ww^horod  at  Fortiimouth.  There 
he  was  brought  on  deck ;  und  would 
liaTe  met  perhaps  sonits  ternbfii  fat*s,  hud 
it  not  come  out  durhig  i\m  e\anitnationi 
that  the  Enghshman  Inid  bet'n  a  deserter 
from  the  amiy  of  hk  Dutive  Cfiiititry,  ere 
provmjr  ft  traitor  to  ]m  adopted  one, 
Kdicvcd  of  his  irons,  Israel  wau  plaeeii  in 
the  marine  ho«|Jttal  on  t^hore.  wher<!  half 
of  the  prisoners  t*>ok  the  small -jk^x.  which 
swcjit  *it]'  a  third  of  tbcir  tmculicr.  Why 
tftlkof  Jjifta? 

From  tho  hospital  the  survivors  iirere 
conreyed  to  Sprltit^acl  and  thru,st  on  board 
a  hulk*  And  here  in  the  black  tioweh  of 
IhL*  ^hip.  snnk  lt>w  in  the  simless  m%,  our 
poor  l!4rael  tay  for  a  month,  Uke  Jounh  in 
the  M\y  of  the  ^hsde. 

But  one  bright  morning,  Israel  is  hailed 
from  the  deek*  A  bargt*n^an  of  tlio  rom- 
m^ndcr's  boat  is  Bkk.  Knovrn  for  a 
£&i]or,  Iitruet  for  the  nonce  is  «p{)olnted  to 
pull  the  aliment  nmn*8  oar. 

The  oiTleers  being  landed,  some  of  the 
crew  propcj*?e,  liktj  merry  KngliJihmen  as 
they  arv,  to  hie  to  <i  neigh  boring  alt^'houso, 
and  ha?o  a  c*>sy  |K>t  or  tw*i  tog\'ther« 
AgJ-ced.  They  start*  and  Isiael  with 
them-  As  the}'  enter  the  ale-house  door, 
our  prisoner  is  suddenly  reiniudixl  of  *ttli 
more  imperative  calli,  UnsnHp»K;te<l  of 
any  design,  he  ts  alio^ied  to  leave  the  party 
for  a  moment  Nci  sooner  doe«  Israel  seo 
hit^  I  "  '    '  ■    .^  5i««d 

int  ■  ^viops, 

he  ffUi  L.>  iii^r-  n  >ii-vt.  ill'  iiLN-  t'nif  iniTe« 
(so  he  ai^ertranls  aflirmedj  wiLhoiit 
liallinjf*  He  ^ried  townrtla  L<jndoni 
M  iHi-ly  dceniin;:  thnt  oocc  in  tliat  crowd 
dek-ction  would  he  iiniMi^^LMe* 

Ten  niiJcDL  as  hr  \  from  where 

ho  had  hf\  the  t.  u  i^uri^ly  pn*is- 

ing  a   ( ':  ul    n   htllo    vi|1ii;;i'  on 

the  roai  J  .  i  ng  h  i  mM>]  f  m^K  pre  tty 

isafe— hark^  wkit  in  thia  ho  hc«.rs  ?^ 

"Ahoy! 

**  No  ship,"  says  Tsranl,  hurry  ing  on, 

"  Stop." 

^'  If  you  will  atteof!  t>  your  buj^iines*.  I 
will  endetivor  i*i  mtfud  tr*  mine.''  rtt- 
hlitfi  Ura*il  <x*«iUy,  And  Tl«1^t  uunvito  to 
Ictji  grow  hia  wiujfs  again  ;  tlying^  om  d^tti 


Imd  Potter;  w,  Fi/ljf  Yean  t^  S»t», 


[July 


fiay.  at  the  rate  of  sotnethmg  less  thim 
thirty  miles  aji  boiir, 

*^'  Stop  thk*f ! "  is  now  the  ay.  Num- 
beri  rushed  from  the  roftd*side  houses. 
After  aaiilis'ji  chase*  the  poar  panting  dc«r 
ts  caught 

Fmding  it  wns  do  use  iiow  to  prev&ri* 
cate^  leraot  holdly  confesses  himscLf  a 
prisd  ncr-o  f- war.  The  officer,  tt  good  fellow 
OS  it  turned  out,  bad  him  escorted  back 
to  the  inn ;  where,  obserrbg  to  the  land- 
lord|  that  this  must  needs  bo  a  true-blooded 
Yankee,  calls  for  liquors  to  refresh  Israel 
after  his  run*  Two  soldiers  are  then  ap- 
pointed to  guard  him  for  the  present 
This  was  to  Hoards  evening ;  and  up  to  a 
late  hour  at  night,  the  inn  was  filled  with 
strangers  crowding  to  see  the  Yankc*© 
rebel  as  they  politely  termed  bj m.  These 
h'jnest  rustics  fieemed  to  think  that 
Yankues  were  a  sort  of  wild  creatures,  a 
species  of  a  Opossum  or  kangaroo*  But 
Uratd  is  yery  affable  with  them.  That 
liquor  he  drank  from  the  hand  of  his  fo«, 
has  perhaps  warmed  his  heart  towards 
all  the  rest  of  \m  ent^mie^.  Yet  this  may 
not  be  wholly  so,  IVe  shall  see.  At  any 
rate,  still  he  keeps  his  eye  on  the  main 
ehauoe — escape.  JCeither  the  jokes  nor 
the  insults  of  the  mob  does  he  su3er  to 
molest  him.  He  iscogitatiDga  little  plot 
to  himself. 

It  seems  that  the  good  oflScer— not  more 
true  to  the  king  his  master  Umn  indul- 
gent towards  the  prisoner  which  that 
same  loyalty  made — had  left  orders  that 
Israel  should  bo  supplied  with  whatever 
liquor  he  w;mted  that  night.  So,  calling 
for  the  can  a^ain  and  agniUj  Israel  iuTites 
the  two  soldiers  to  drink  and  be  merry. 
At  lengthy  a  wag  of  the  company  pi'opo^s 
that  Israel  should  cntertuin  the  public 
with  a  jig  J  he  (the  wag)  having  beard, 
that  the  Yankees  were  extraordinary 
dancers.  A  fiildle  is  brought  in.  and  poor 
Israel  takes  the  £oor.  Not  a  little  cat 
to  think  that  Iheso  p^oplu  should  so  un- 
feelingly seek  to  be  diverted  at  ilit*  cjt- 
pensio  of  an  unfortunate  prisoner,  Israel, 
while  jifiging  it  up  and  down,  still  con- 
spires away  at  his  private  plot,  resolving 
ere  long  to  give  the  enemy  a  touch  of  cer- 
tain Yankee  steps,  as  yet  midreamed  of 
in  their  simple  philosophy.  They  would 
not  petiilit  any  cessatiou  of  his  dancing 
till  hu  had  danced  himself  into  a  perfect 
sweat,  so  that  the  drops  fell  from  his  lank 
and  tiaxen  hair.  But  I^rael^  with  much 
of  tht*  gentleness  of  the  dove,  m  not 
wholly  without  the  wisdom  of  the  ser- 
pent. Pleased  to  ^eo  the  flowing  bowb 
he  congratulates  himsc^lf  that  his  own 
niate  of  pi^r^piratioa  prevents  it  ,from 


producing  any  intoxicatmg  elTect  upon 
him* 

Late  at  night  the  company  break  up. 
Furmshcd  with  a  pair  of  handcuffs,  the 
prisoner  is  laid  on  a  blanket  spread  upon 
the  floor  at  the  side  of  the  bed  in  wbic^i 
his  two  keepers  are  to  re|>ose.  ExprcssingJ 
much  gratitude  for  the  blanket,  with  appall 
rent  unconcemJsrael  stretches  his  le^,  A  a  ' 
hour  or  two  passes.    AU  is  quiet  without. 

The  important  moment  had  now  ai*- 
rived.     Certain  it  was,  that  if  this  chane  ' 
were  suffered  to  pass  unimproved^  a  sec-"^ 
ond   would  hardly  present  itself.      For 
earljr,  doubtless,  on  the  following  morn- 
ing, if  not  some  way  prevented,  the  two 
soldiers  would  convey  Israel  back  to  his 
floating  prison^  where  he  would  thence- 
forth remain  confined  until  the  close  of 
the  war  |  yeai*s  and  years,  perhaps.   Wbeii 
he  thought  of  that  horrible  old  hulk,  his 
nerves  were  rcstrung  for  flight.     But  in- 
trepid as  he  must  be  to  compass  it.  wai> 
nesa  too  was  needed.    His  keepers  badj 
gone  to  bed  pretty  well  under  the  influ- 
ence of  the  liquor.    This  was  favorable,! 
But  still,  they  were  full-grown,   strong 
men ;  and   Israel  was  !iandcu0ed.      S^ 
Israel  i^esolved  ujion  strategy  first ;  and 
if  that  failed,  force  afterwards.   He  eagerly 
lii^tened.     One  of  the  drunken  soldier&| 
muttered  in  his  sleep,  at  first  lowtyj  then.! 
louder  and  louder, — '*  Catch  'cm  !    Grap**  1 
pig  'em  1     Have  at  'em  I    Ha^long  cut^ ' 
lasses  1     Take  thatj  runaway  ! " 

**AVlmt's  the  matter  with  ye,  Phil  7^' 
hiccoughed  the  other,  who  was  not  yet| 
asleep,     "  Keep  quiet,  will  ye  1    Ye  ainY 
at  Fontenoy  now." 

^^Hc^s  a    runaway    prisonorj   I    say. 
Catch  him,  catch  him  i" 

"Oh,  stutih  with  your  drunken  dream* J 
ingf^^  again  hi^x^oughed  his  comradei|' 
violently  nudging  Mm*  ^'This  comes 
o'  carousing." 

Shortly  after,  the  dreamer  with  loudj 
snores  fell  back  into  dead  sleep.  But  by] 
something  in  the  sound  of  the  breathing] 
of  the  other  soldier,  Isi-ael  knew  that  this  , 
man  remained  uneasily  awake.  He  delib- 
erated a  mcment  what  was  best  to  do. 
At  leogth  he  determined  upon  trying  bin  . 
old  plea.  Calhng  upon  the  two  soldiers,  J 
he  informed  them  that  urgent  ijuccs&ityi 
required  his  iui mediate  prei^enoc  somo-^i 
whore  in  the  rear  of  tiie  bouse. 

**  Come,  wake  up  here,  Phi  V  roared  the 
soldier  who  was  awake ;  *'  the  fellow  hero 
says  be  must  step  out ;  eujs^  tbe<e  Yuii*  ] 
kees*f  nobett*?r  t^MJicuttuii  \\rMA  t'.tbc  l-.-hi 
uponnateralne^ 
Itam'tnatentl;  ; 
Yankeej  dou^t  ye  knuw  no  bcltvr  V' 


16M.] 


Itfod  PiftUr;  Of,  Fi/y  Ymn  of  Mxils* 


n 


I 


WiUi  tnanj  anif^  dtaimdntbnSi  th^* 
Iw  laow  fttaig^FriJ  to  their  tiH-'ts  itid 
fiktdbliiie  1;  '  *   ^^  ^  ■■  '  rteit   Kim 

iifk  cbUj,  ;....  '  :UBc  to  a 

^«w    Ko  toocv  'ijittd  by 

Hm  vti'  ^^  liiig 

ltt^li%r«i»  ttiU>  Uiv  tniirv  |   %^  bin,  (i main ng 
la  the  Ofi)xi«ttc  dimHion,  he  houni;yA  Ibe 
Wtktr  hmd  otvr  hcfk  into  the  gunlen^ 
■ifn   tt^iaig  ft  hmvl  i  utid  Ihi^it  lea^^iug 
•ftr  tW  Utter^ft  hctstcj,  tUrt«  bltiitlly  ant 
inki  tJift  miiJnight     Next  niomcnt  he  was 
il  the  gardcsi  weII     No  outlet  wms  did- 
bit  in  tJbfl  gk)i>ui.    But  a  rrurt-lnie 
,  f.v  *\...  .....II      Spnii^'iug  hito  tt 

l>,  1  AM  he  w!|Aj  iKrael 

J  to  him  St*  If 

k  tliefrQci:  tud  once 

monr  leu  ;;  I  '  \ il' An  ti ma^ 

vjUi  load  4  ^  ddruiik- 

Ailtr  ntnrnag  two  or  thrpc  miles;,  mv\ 
hMfittf  ootaUDdof  ptifsiiil,  Israel  nins 
«P  Ui  rill  tikik«elf  of  t!  liich 

iwpBJr  hium.     After  i  Wr 

kfrCUOOMdx  r  J  on 

ipia  iritii  ^^'t^- 

9aQ(r^»  p}fW  n^  -  !t^  nil  L-ulorfil 

will«tbQ  IMi  iw...    .....^  i>f  the  j^prir^g 

n?t-»  ax?,  lh^*rl|:llt  IfiTft^I^  ftJI  of  »  trc?in- 
I  iitily  he  rnughl  now;  I 

L^  ,  noaw  iiv4ik(i)tu*g  pjArk. 

fgrwiifd  ttuoin.  he  came 
if.  nn*]   Hi  ri  knew  ihat, 
^*  ihk  wafi 

t  If  id  j  one 

hn^  "    'A'hit4s 

mn  tUtf 

VMd   «»^  ^  <  Ml    riiiH    bud. 

II  trrv  *^*t  ijf 
^  ' -i   looked 
it  on  the 


il  1km  iMiil 

•f  tjKdftJ, 

kIUa  vert! 


1^., 


lie   woJi  )&> 


,1.- 


■  ititl* 
lilftlbMaw  r  ttrt 

iBd  pfUuiitK  irtf^t*!  Tifrh  a  tit' Id,  wh«ru 
IM    l»|C«tff  *rht7    hud 

fi^  dfe0«k '  k|^.  khnu  Hi^; 

Ife  Uov  stuck u-:^  Uvurij   tj  the   !. 
<jad  in  Iticir.  cj^r^^.   %\h 

id  i*fl    ~    "         '   "  "  f  Ji- 


Israel,  taking  ofiT  his  hiitj  ^'does  this  roi4 
pi  to  Lcmdon  I  ** 

At  thig  fjiIntAtioTi,  the  two  figures 
turnefl  in  a  sort  of  stujnd  amo^mcntj 
ciiusin^  an  ulmost  corrf^fKinJIitg  exjircs- 
Bion  in  I?ra<5l,  wlio  nov*'  jit'nx^n^d  ihjii  they 
were  iiicn,  and  liot  xvnmcn*  lie  \mA  mis- 
inkcti  thcm^  owing  to  their  fmckii,  iind 
tht'tr  wearing  n«  jjantaloonKj  only  hnscHzhc^ 
bidden  bj  Ihfir  frocks. 

"  Beg  i^ardon,  ladies,  but  I  thooghi  ye 
were  something  else,"  SAiddsmel  sgiun» 

Ouct  more  the  two  fipurea  started  ftt 
the  strflng(>r,  and  with  added  boorishntj^ 
of  suriiHse. 

^'  Does  this  ro&d  go  to  London^  gentk* 
men?" 

**  Gentleniefi — egad  1  '*  cried  one  of  Ihi* 
two, 

"  Egnd  1 "  echoed  the  second, 

PuUio];^  their  hoes  before  them,  the  two 
frotkt'd  lM>ors  now  tix^k  z  |txhj  long  look 
Jit  Ibrat'h  tncAntinic  !?cratchn>g  their  htiads 
under  their  plaited  straw  hat's* 

**  1>UL*«  it,  geiitltiiien  7  Doe^  it  go  to 
London  J  tki  kind  tnonirii  lo  ttil  a  r*«>r 
fellow,  do." 

**  Yees  goin*  to  Lnnnun,  arc  yees  7 
'\rc<*l— aU  night^go  along/' 

And  withotJt  anotla^f  word*  havbg 
now  satbflwl  their  rustic  eurio>*ity^  the 
two  human  steers^  willi  wonderful  (ihlcgwi, 
applied  Ihemselvei  to  their  hoes;  AU|>* 
jKis^Jiig,  n»i  dciubt.  that  ilicy  bad  given  all 
rcqui^.tte  mforniation» 

Shortly  afler^  Israel  pa.*ised  an  old. 
dark^  tnojb^y-lookfng  ch»].iel^  itis  roof  all 
plastered  with  the  dan*|>  yellow  dead 
leaves  of  the  previtius  aiitunmj  fi!iowtii?d 
there  fruin  a  clotse  clumsier  of  venerable 
trtTH,  with  great  trunks,  and  ovtTStretch* 
Ing  btanehe^.  Xe^t  ni*>mrnt  he  fonml 
himself  entering  a  village,  11  le  tile  nee 
of  early  morning  riHied  upun  it.  But 
few  llj^iutig  Mcitijj^^n*  G I itndng  through 
the  nindovv  of  a  now  noi^ele*^  puhhc- 
houj^.  Tiirnel  *-avv  a  lahk  alJ  in  disorder, 
covered  w  Hh  empty  tlagou^s,  and  to!>ai!CicK 
a^heK,  auii  long  pi^»ef  i  miun  of  ttiu  latti^ 
broken. 

AOi:r  panning  lie  re  a  moment,  lie  nioi*ed 
on,  and  id^ nerved  a  mnn  over  Ihu  way 
itamhi}g  KtiU  and  w^itohing  him.  lo- 
atantl>  Jxrael  wa.^  rcmimled  thai  he  had 
on  the  dixr^s  of  au  Eo^liwh  sailor,  and  that 
it  was  ihi*  prohubly  vvhiuli  haij  arrvHlnl 
thp  Ktr«iig*'r*>i  atttntiori.  Well  knowing 
liiiftt  hi&  i^tf^riihar  thpaa  cjc|xjsed  htm  lo 
I     ■'   '      ■       '    "     ■   "     ■      .  ••     Mm 

t  .  '  >  a 

».  -il- 


Israel  Potter ;  or,  Fifty  Teart  of  Exile. 


[July 


neath  tlie  weight  of  a  pick- axe.  hoe  and 
shovel,  going  to  his  work ;  the  Tery  pic- 
ture of  poverty,  toil  and  distress.  His 
clothes  were  tatters. 

Making  up  to  this  old  man,  Israel,  after 
a  word  or  two  of  salutation,  offered  to 
chancre  clothes  with  him.  As  his  own 
clothes  were  princc-liko  compared  to  the 
ditcher's,  Israel  thought  that  however 
much  his  proposition  might  excite  the 
suspicion  of  the  ditcher,  yet  self-interest 
would  prevent  his  communicatmg  the  sus- 
picions. To  bo  brief,  the  two  went  be- 
hind a  hedge,  and  presently  Israel  emerg- 
ed, presenting  the  most  forlorn  appear- 
ance conceivable;  while  the  old  ditcher 
hobbled  off  in  an  opjwsite  direction,  cor- 
respondingly improved  in  his  aspect; 
though  it  was  rather  ludicrous  than  oth- 
erwise, owing  to  the  immense  bagginess 
of  the  sailor- trousers  Happing  about  his 
lean  shanks,  to  say  nothing  of  the  spare 
voluminousness  of  the  pea-jacket.  But 
Lsracl — how  deplorable,  how  dismal  his 
plight!  Little  did  he  ween  that  these 
wretched  rags  he  now  wore,  were  but 
suitable  to  that  long  career  of  destitution 
before  him  ;  one*  brief  career  of  adventu- 
rous wanderings :  and  then,  forty  torpid 
3'ears  of  pauperism.  The  coat  was  all 
patches.  And  no  two  patches  were  alike, 
and  no  one  patch  was  the  color  of  the 
original  cloth.  The  stringless  breeches 
gaped  wide  open  at  the  Imee ;  the  long 
woollen  stockings  looked  as  if  they  had 
been  set  up  at  some  time  for  a  target 
Israel  looked  suddenly  metamorphosed 
from  youth  to  old  age ;  just  like  an  old 
man  of  eighty  ho  looked.  But  indeed, 
dull  dreary  adversity  was  now  in  store 
for  him ;  and  adversity,  come  it  at  eigh- 
teen or  eighty,  is  the  true  old  ago  of  man. 
The  dress  befitted  the  fate. 

From  the  friendly  old  ditcher,  Israel 
learned  the  exact  course  he  must  steer 
for  London ;  distant  now  between  seventy 
and  eighty  miles.  He  was  also  apprised 
by  his  venerable  friend,  that  the  country 
was  filled  with  soldiers,  on  the  constant 
look-out  for  deserters  whether  from  the 
navy  or  army,  for  the  capture  of  whom  a 
stipulated  reward  was  given,  just  as  in 
Massachusetts  at  that  time  for  prowling 
bears. 

Having  solemnly  enjoined  his  old  friend 
not  to  give  any  infonnation,  should  any 
one  he  meet  inquire  for  such  a  person  as 
Israel,  our  adventurer  walked  briskly 
on,  less  heavy  of  heart,  now  that  he  felt 
comparatively  safe  in  disguise. 

Thirty  miles  were  travelled  that  day. 
At  night  Israel  stole  into  a  barn,  in  hopes 
of  finding  straw  or  bay  for  a  bed.    But  it 


was  spring ;  all  the  hay  and  straw  were 
gone.  So  after  groping  about  in  the  dark, 
he  was  fain  to  content  himself  with  au 
undressed  sheep-skin.  Cold,  hungry, 
foot-sore,  weary,  and  impatient  for  .the 
morning  dawn,  Israel  drearily  dozed  out 
the  night. 

By  the  first  peep  of  day  coming  throngli 
the  chinks  of  the  bam.  he  was  up  and 
abroad.  Ere  long  finding  himself  in  th-j 
suburbs  of  a  considerable  village,  the 
better  to  guard  against  detection  he  suj>- 
plied  himself  with  a  rude  crutch,  and 
feigning  himself  a  cripple,  hobbled  straight 
through  the  town,  followed  by  a  porvcrso- 
minded  cur,  which  kept  up  a  continual, 
spiteful,  suspicious  bark.  Israel  longed 
to  have  one  good  rap  at  him  with  his 
crutch,  but  thought  it  would  hardly  look 
in  character  for  a  poor  old  cripple  to  be 
vindictive. 

A  few  miles  further,  and  he  came  to  a 
second  village.  While  hobbling  through 
its  main  street,  as  through  the  former  one, 
he  was  suddenly  stopinxi  by  a  genuine 
cripple,  all  in  tatters  too.  who,  with  a 
sympathetic  air,  inquired  after  the  cau.sc 
of  his  lameness. 

"  White  swelling,"  says  Israel. 
"  That^s  just  my  ailing,"  wheezed  the 
other ;  *'  but  you're  lamer  than  me."  he 
added  with  a  forlorn  sort  of  self-satisfac- 
tion, critically  eyeing  Israel's  limp  as  once 
more  ho  stumped  on  his  way,  not  liking 
to  tarry  too  long. 

"  But  halloo,  what's  your  hurry,  friend  ?" 
seeing  Israel  fairly  departing — "where 
're  you  going  ?  " 

^'  To  Londcm,"  answered  Israel,  turning 
round,  heartily  wishing  the  old  fellow 
any  where  else  than  present. 

"  Going  to  limp  to  Lunnun,  eh  ?  Well, 
success  to  ye." 

"  As  much  to  you,  sir,"  answers  Israel 
politely. 

Nigh  the  opposite  suburbs  of  this  vil- 
lage, as  good  fortune  would  have  it,  an 
empty  baggage-wagon  bound  for  the  me- 
tropolis turned  into  the  main  road  from  a 
sitle  one.  Imme<liatcly  Israel  limps  most 
deplorably,  and  begs  the  driver  to  give  a 
poor  cripple  a  lift.  So  up  he  climbs; 
but  after  a  time,  finding  the  gait  of  tho 
elephantine  draught-horses  intolerably 
slow,  Israel  craves  permission  to  dis- 
mount, when,  thro^ving  away  his  crutch, 
he  takes  nimbly  to  his  legs,  much  to 
the  surprise  of  his  honest  firicnd,  the  dii- 
ver. 

The  only  advantage,  if  any,  derived 
from  his  trip  in  the  wagon,  was,  when 
passing  through  a  third  village — but  9 
little  distant  from  the  previous  one— 


1854.J 


SofM  Wtitem  Birds. 


?5 


I<rte1.  by  lying  down  in  the  wagon,  had 
wholly  aTofded  being  seen. 

The  Tillages  surprised  him  by  their 
namber  and  proximity.  Nothing  like 
this  wafl  to  be  seen  at  homo.  Well  know- 
ing that  in  these  Tillages  ho  ran  much 
nwre  risk  of  detection  than  in  the  open 
country,  he  henceforth  did  his  best  to 
avoid  them,  by  taking  a  roundabout  course 
wheneTcr  they  came  in  sight  from  a  dis- 
tance.   This  mode  of  travelling  not  only 


lengthened  his  journey,  but  put  unlooked- 
for  obstacles  in  his  path — walls,  ditches 
and  streams. 

Not  half  an  hour  after  throwing  away 
his  crutch,  he  leaped  a  great  ditch  ten 
feet  wide,  and  of  undiscoverable  muddy 
depth.  I  wonder  if  the  old  cripple  would 
think  me  the  lamer  one  now,  thought 
Israel  to  himself,  arriving  on  the  hither 
side. 


(To  bo  Continued.) 


SOME    WESTERN    BIRDS. 


BIRDS  may,  of  all  animals,  naturally 
be  8up[i08ed  to  be  the  least  gov- 
erne^  by  any  law  of  geographical  distri- 
bat>>n ;  since  they  are  the  free  common- 
trs  of  Nature,  and  can  go  where  their 
own  Kweet  will  carries  them.  Still,  even 
birdit  are  gOTemed  in  no  small  measure 
by  the.sc  mybterious  laws.  The  law  which 
oucfiiies  the  grizzly  bear  and  the  antelope 
to  the  region  west  of  the  Mississippi,  Jind 
the  oorthem  pike  and  the  muskalungo  to 
tii^  basins  of  the  St  Lawrence  and  the 
Mi*>i->:piii,  aI.«iO  restricts  the  sharp-tailed 
gT.-a-^r  \\A  the  majrpie  to  Wisconsin,  Min- 
D*..-->*Ji.  Nebraska  and  the  western  slope  of 
tiir  Kfky  Mountains.  More  curious  still, 
friUMf  «'f  the  birds  of  i>as>age.  whose  lives 
arc  wari'lerini:.  seem  to  l>e  under  the  same 
!n:iucn<x  •%.  The  brown  crane  comes  year- 
ly ^i  l»ri:f*l  in  Illinois,  alonj;  with  that 
rare  and  beautifhl  bir«i,  AVilson^s  phala- 
r  j»e.  ii<-ithcr  of  which  are  ever  seen  (e.x- 
r*  j»t  a.>  stra^rgU  rs)  in  the  Eastern  States. 
>  J  with  !V>mc  of  the  ducks,  as  the  shovel- 
It  rani  the  ga^iwall,  which  are  not  un- 
cimniou  hcrv,  though  there  unkno\ni  or 
UbMxXy  vi. 

We  CAn  ea.-ily  understand  why  those 
arjmals  which  are  evi(h*ntly  f<»nne<l  to  live 
or.!y  under  certiin  con  litoin;,  shoul'l  oc- 
r-ipy  ji^v'uliar  l«x;alities :  th;it  the  moose 
ar.l  cari'./ou.  the  si>ott*<l  p*i)iisc  and  the 
cr-«!-SLL  >hou»d  inhahit  th^  j)ine  fnre«;ts 
'/  thv  n-irtli;  and  that  the  hrook  tro«it 
iL  >i:I'J  '^YUpy  its  cold  and  hijrhly  aerated 
witi  Tv.  '1  hN  is  the  etr-f t  of  chniatr  and 
Iat:tud'; ;  but  why  longitude  should  atlef-t 
:Li»  d:>tribulion,  and  confine  the  Mack 
baiH  and  ptkeperch  to  western  lakes  and 
nvern.  and  the  prairie  wolf  and  swallow- 
tailed  hawk  to  western  plains,  is  only  to 
be  afioounted  for  by  recognizing  the  same 
gpKM  Uir    of  distribution  which   has 


placed  the  red  man  upon  one  continent, 
and  the  black  upon  another. 

There  are  some  animals  which  are  now 
only  to  be  found  in  the  west,  Which  for- 
merly were  <listril)uted  all  over  the  con- 
tinent and  have  Ih^ou  driven  backward  by 
the  advancing  wave  of  settlement,  or 
rather  the  propensity  to  waste  and  de- 
stroy which  accompanies  American  set- 
tlements. The  bison  and  the  pinnated 
grouse  are  examples.  The  first  was  un- 
doubtedly to  be  found  two  hundred  years 
ago  east  of  the  great  lakes ;  and  the  sec- 
ond at  the  same  j>crio<l  abounded  all  over 
the  country,  from  "the  brushy  site  of 
Bo«;ton  *'  to  .Jaulesto^^'n  in  Virginia.  Tho 
same  causes  arc  still  at  work ;  tho  bison 
will  soon  Ix"  as  ninrh  a  myth  as  the  mas- 
todon, and  in  half  a  century  the  jrrouso 
will  1)C  as  extinrt  a  bird  as  the  dodo  or 
the  dinorni^.  Let  us  then,  while  he  yet 
lin«:ers  in  tho  flesh,  devote  a  few  lines  to 

TKir.-f)  Ci'Pii>o. — This  fine  bird, 
which,  for  its  size,  the  sport  it  shows  lx»- 
fore  (ioL's.  and  its  value  on  the  table,  wo 
plac?  at  the  head  of  the  list  of  American 
feathered  irame — is  now  only  to  be  found 
in  the  prairie-^  of  the  west  and  south-west. 
In  northern  Illinois,  where,  a  few  year* 
a^o,  their  abundance  and  voracity  caused 
seriou'?  ilainaire  to  the  ^rain  fields,  thus 
have  become,  thank-itotlie  facility  of  send- 
ing them  to  the  New  York  markets  by 
railro.ad,  comparatively  .«icar(!0  and  dear. 
Ten  years  ago.  we  shot  grouse  within  tho 
limits  of  the  pre.<cnt  city  of  Chica^ro.  and 
their  conmion  price  was  one  dollar  per 
dozen.  Now  we  pay  three  dollars  i»er 
dozen  for  them ;  and  if  we  want  a  day's 
shooting  we  must  go  from  thirty  to  forty 
miles  froui  town.  The  pinnated  grouse 
derives  its  di.«itingui8hing  name  from  tho 
small  wing-like  appendages  (pinna)  whkrh 


16 


Some  Wettem  Birds. 


[July 


project  from  each  sido  of  the  neck,  in  both 
sexes  of  the  adult  bird.  Wilson  and  Nut- 
tal.  strangely  enough,  assert  that  the 
wings  are  only  found  on  the  males.  Wil- 
son's description  is  otherwise  correct,  ex- 
cept as  to  the  weight  lie  says  that, 
when  in  good  order,  the  male  weighs  three 
and  a  half  pounds.  Now  we  have  weigh- 
ed many,  probably  hundreds,  but  we  nev- 
er have  found  a  bird  that  came  up  to  three 
pounds,  the  average  weight  in  this  region 
being  about  two. 

They  breed  in  Maroli,  and  the  season  is 
continued  through  Apnl  and  sometimes 
in  a  late  and  wet  spring,  through  May. 
Like  the  rest  of  tlie  family  of  grouse,  they 
are  polygamous.  They  make  their  nests  on 
the  ground,  in  the  middle  of  the  largest 
prairies,  and  lay  from  ten  to  fifteen  eggs, 
nearly  as  large  as  those  of  a  hen,  and  of  a 
whitish  color.  In  common  seasons,  the 
young  birds  can  fly  by  the  first  of  July, 
and  great  havoc  is  made  among  them  by 
the  market  shooters,  though  they  are  not 
larger  than  a  quail,  and  about  as  fit  to  eat 
as  a  boiled  kid  glove.  Like  all  young 
birds,  they  then  feed  principally  on  in- 
sects ;  but  as  they  grow  older,  they  eat 
seeds  and  other  vegetable  food,  and  when 
the  wheat  and  oats  are  ripe,  they  procure 
their  chief  subsistence  from  the  grain 
fields. 

In  the  large  and  liberal  system  of  far- 
ming pursued  in  Illinois,  the  immense 
grain  fields  contain,  even  after  harvest, 
enough  scattered  grain  to  supply  the 
grouse,  numerous  as  they  are  (and  wo 
have  seen  five  hundred  of  them  in  one 
field).  The  immense  corn  crops  of  this 
country  are  frequently  loft  standing  the 
largest  part  of  the  wnter.  affording  a 
constant  supply  of  their  favorite  food  to 
the  "hens,"  as  they  are  calle<l  by  the 
farmers;  such  a  field  of  standing  com 
frequently  attracting  them  from  many 
miles  round.  When  this  supply  fails, 
they  eat  acorns,  buds,  seeds,  &c.,  frequent- 
ly taking  long  flights  morning  and  night 
in  pursuit  of  food. 

The  proper  season  for  shooting  grouse 
in  Illinois  is  from  the  middle  of  July  to 
the  first  of  September ;  during  that  time 
they  lie  well  before  the  dogs,  and  as  they 
are  in  families  consisting  of  the  old  cock 
and  hen,  and  from  ten  to  fifteen  young 
birds,  they  are  easily  scattered,  and  with 
good  dogs,  the  whole  bevy  may  be  picked 
up.  About  the  first  to  the  middle  of 
September  thev  collect  in  flocks  composed 
of  several  families  ;  become  wild,  so  that 
on  the  approach  of  the  shooter  or  bis 
dogs,  the  whole  pack  will  take  wing,  and 
fly  perhaps  a  mile  before  they  alight  As 


the  season  advances  they  become  more 
wild,  till  by  the  end  of  October  they  can 
only  be  shot  with  a  rifle,  as  they  sit  upon 
fences  or  trees. 

In  cold  winter  mornings,  they  may  be 
seen  in  great  numbers,  sitting  on  the 
stacks,  apparently  torpid  with  the  cold, 
and  may  frequently  be  killed  with  a  shot 
gun  in  great  numbers.  When  the  ground 
is  covered  with  snow,  and  their  food  is 
scarce,  they  are  caught  in  vast  quantities 
in  box-traps. 

During  the  month  of  January',  of  this 
year,  ten  tons  of  these  birds  are  said  to 
have  been  brought  to  Chicago  over  one 
railroad.  The  average  weight  of  these 
birds  being  two  pounls,  ten  tons  would 
comprise  ten  thousand  individuals. 

If  the  other  five  railroads  coming  to 
Chicago  from  the  west  and  south  brought 
in  as  many  more  each,  it  is  evident  that 
gentlemen  who  desire  grouse  shooting, 
had  better  hasten  their  coming  to  Illinois. 

During  the  summer  months  the  grouse 
lie  in  the  long  grass  of  the  prairie  during 
the  night ;  about  sunrise  they  go  into  the 
grain-fields  to  feed ;  there  they  remain 
two  or  three  hours  if  undisturbed.  They 
then  return  to  the  shelter  of  the  grass 
and  high  weeds,  where  they  remain  quiet 
till  five  or  six  in  the  afternoon,  when  they 
issue  forth  in  quest  of  food.  From  five 
o'clock  until  dark  is  the  best  part  of  the 
day  for  shooting ;  and  more  birds  tan  be 
got  in  the  two  hours  before  sunset  than 
in  all  the  rest  of  the  day. 

We  were  of  a  party  some  years  ago  in 
Elk  Grove,  some  thirty  miles  from  Chi- 
cago. It  was  about  the  first  of  Augjust. 
and  the  weather  was  warm.  We  arrived 
about  ten  in  the  morning,  and  two  of  the 
party  being  inexperienced  in  the  sport, 
would  go  out  as  soon  as  we  arrived,  in 
spite  of  the  advice  of  the  older  hands. 
They  toiled  over  the  fields  and  prairies 
for  two  hours  under  a  burning  sun,  with- 
out their  dogs  having  a  smell  of  a  bird, 
any  more  than  if  they  had  been  on  the 
Battery. 

About  five,  p.  M..  having  slept  and 
smoked  away  the  balance  of  the  day,  we 
all  went  out  to  the  same  fields  which  our 
friends  had  visited  so  unsuccessfully  in 
the  morning,  and  had  our  five  dogs  ut 
points  in  different  parts  of  the  field  in  ^ve 
minutes  after  we  got  over  the  fence.  The 
sport  grew  better  and  better,  fresh  birds 
coming  in  from  the  prairie  continually. 
We  continued  shooting  as  lone  as  we  could 
see,  and  when  it  became  too  dark  to  shoot 
longer,  we  went  back  to  the  house,  about 
half  a  mile  ofT,  witii  sixty  birds,  which, 
divided  among  four,  made  a  load  of  about 


IM41 


rwffTB  M^rvlt^ 


n 


•-ftve  poitnds  to  ftii^k  whi«h.  with 
I  liid  ntbur  t*qui|jtiii'iitK,  wah  ns  much 
^  ws  railed  to  airry,  irith  tliv  ttit!rciiiy 
\W\ 

I  ill^U  jrct  up  with  i  i^od  di?nl  of 
^Ideh    is    Apt    to   coiiftisfl   a   Df'W 

jir«^.i  so  tliat  1  good 
HIIt 

A  Werv  -iro*o  a  biijjKy 

fox  i.  ..J    ;■  ^^  t'orly  miifcs, 

wilh  OIK?   »lo^  hundrcKj 

W'  wiiU  the  fltnie 

!  birlft  were  in 

tlo^kis  «iiii  |P»l  oji  (jtjjtc  ^rild ;    in 
i-rrrr  a  Itttlr  Ki!1^  w<?  fctjirtcfl  n  ilock 
if  tV  r 4s ;  thor  rose  in  n 

twailil  I  Ifrtng  both  bamis 

isto  Uaui  t hroe   Mkh  tho 

firvt  »ti4  ^  'Hd  barrcL 

TUf   i^i  ?i>fin,  \vhtii  fulj    grown 
[  t  ..•atbcfvl,  irn»opie  will  oirry  i^lF 

L  lu^'  ov  ''    '    T,  without  flinchmgi 

tNsi  ^**r   flying   half  a 

if  irU 

It  m  Ih'  'iui<j  ^]L»ortpracn  that 

bM  '  wcr  of  withholding 

■««t  "  H^  snpposBd  to  do, 

r«  Ikm,  not  s««n  iuj  thmg 

r  mi  Ihix  |Mjint 
n^  lEFcmAC  iit  a  bird  of  Terj  irtrong 
vnd  whcttj  thry  are  pJcnty,  dogs 
mj  tft^Iy  broken   on    tl^cm.     We 
B^rrrml   times  Been  taken  into  the 
^  teiltn,  wtiM  in  the  momtnf^  had 


•ifti  or  v< 
pemtA.    'I 


ise,  which  be- 

Sty   Ktanch    on 

^  -  veTer.  high 

nnrity  of 


I J  any  mij/i-i" 
\  nfid  adtiaitJon. 
Wff  imre  had  a  brace  of  pobtcr  pnifie 
i  wwt  aliotil  ^i^  monthi  old  wbin 
laioii    Ibr    ftliooting    oofSfMnetd.^ 
the  l^th  of  July  we  took  them 
\  Id  tm  hew  tlioy  w<jij!d  Ix'hjivi*.   Tht'y 
r  i«?«Ti  gsrni^^  nor  b*d  they  been 
oC  tlMi  city.     W**  pii(  Ihf^m   in  the 
^  dfotr  al»out  1 '  >  1 1  of  town, 

ped  at  a  (r,  nd  which 

ttmB  wb^ffe  K«r*i-  ^^cr     n^tiaMy  to 
Bid.     Whilii  Ikxtcning  our  horm;  in 
bed*  thi!  dogm   klrppud  away,   nor 
11V  Snd  Ihvm  aitrr  «Ofiie  EMfMirrh 
tba  hiHiap.     We  wwit  towardn  ttua 
ami  faw  the  dO|;:«  atiout  half  a 


gd    Iq    ihn   T^rrLir>t< 

Wa  aiB 
iardljr  \- 
I  al  a  Utoi  p 
tiUlbaaka'. 


Apparently  at  a 

Ui  tsk  thvto.  ftiid 

r?**,  when  wo 

'  l1  baeking 

.  t^II-tmJiiea 

mik  \    They  kept 


their  stand  till  we  fCiw^hed  tlieni,  and  did 
not  inOTe  until  w^  steppt^i  ii^  k'loro  them 
and  put  up  thf?  bird's^  a  oovcy  of  biiif- 
grown  grouse.  Th**n  the  pnppieis  brokv  in 
and  clmsLvl  but  wen*  cwjiily  n*Citlle«h 

ThohediJ^'HFuIfillNl  their  early  promise, 
and  were  n  '1    broec  while   \\wj 

hved;    not   1  for   they   died  iit 

three  ynnrK  .-Mi  [<v  jjui«>n,  futiuinisteml 
by  Borne  ruffian^  under  the  ordt^rw  of 
meaner  niiTiJinft  mHI  j  tbt*  Corporation  of 
a  woU  known  Weatt-rn  city  j  which  per- 
mits drinking  shops  and  pnibJing  iiou&es 
and  dens  of  debauchery,  but  pmhibit^ 
do^i?.  Ell  than*  and  rowdi^  bate  totes, 
but  dog:^  have  not. 

Wo  once  tried  the  enpertment  of  keep- 
ing grouse  m  confiiieinentj  but  met  wilh 
Tery  indifflTcnt  suct^jiH,  We  pnrchftiNtHl 
one^  winter  neaj  a  hnntlreel  of  ihew;  bird^a, 
whieh  had  bt?en  caught  in  traps,  aliTe, 
We  put  them  in  a  lar^c  upj>er  Jofl*  or 
garret,  about  t^rerity  I'eet  wide  and  fi(Vy 
long  ;  the  entrance  \i  t^  gunrdeil  by  hang- 
ing up  a  Bail  before  the  (hifir.  which  td- 
1ow<k1  \m  to  peep  tbron;^h  a  hole  and 
watch  ihc  habits  and  cot»duct  of  our  pris- 
oners. They  would  CAt  fjvely  of  gmin, 
and  drink  like  common  fionltry,  «Uhotigh 
Wilwn  telU  us  Ifiey  ni^ver  drink  in  cap^ 
tivity,  nor,  as  lie  bdiere^  in  thcfr  wild 
fitate  either.  They  seemed  very  pugna- 
cioiia  in  their  habiN^  fu>rj  fuij|r^ht  among 
themselres  constantly.  Not,  however, 
like  game  cocks,  two  individuals  having  a 
fair  Ptand-up  fi^ht,  to  see  which  was  the 
better  bird  but  in  a  dilfcrent  fashion. 
One  cock  wouM  gire  the  on«  fwjtt  him  a 
blow  with  htg  bill,  he  wouid  bit  the  neit  j 
number  three  would  pa^  it  to  mimber 
four,  and  in  a  minute  there  would  be  a 
general  lk'ld-ii|rht.  in  the  eoui*sc  of  which 
lomo  woutd  olVn  h*.t  killed,  it  mscm- 
bled  an  Irish  shindy,  where  every  Paddy 
li  Bciieod  with  an  in^ne  denire  to  break 
his  neigh bor^t  hm/L  Then  at  a  aignat 
known  to  thems«lT«af  they  would  all  take 
wing)  and  fly  againnt  the'noof  with  such 
violence  an  to  break  theii  neckj.  To 
prevent  this,  we  clippecl  their  wingi, 
which  pn»t**nteti  some  of  Wmr  mo&t  an* 
pirinir  IhghtH^  btit  did  not  atop  Iheir 
lighting. 

More  or  lens  of  them  died  daily,  nnttl 
by  spring  our  atook  was  redueetf  to  one 
old  o^k,  a  veteran  who  had  survived  all 
the  hartUbipfi  of  eapUvKy,  and  daiMpini 
of  battle ;  %  iort  of  WcJhngtoni  wEm 
nothing  Cfiuld  kilt  though  be  was  i>ediieail 
to  skin,  bgiK'  an^l  foatbert.  Otm  w«  r^ 
Isaaed  from  the  houM^-tops  and  In  «p«ta  of 
bit  amaioiatod  eondition  he  took  a  bee  lina 
hf  the  prairie,  wliei^  wt  hatt  no  doubt 


18 


Some  Western  Birds. 


[July 


lie  arrived  in  safety,  and  astonished  tho 
feathered  people  with  his  captivity  and 
escape. 

A  preat  difference  of  ojnnion  exijits 
with  rejrard  to  the  merits  of  the  pinnated 
IDjouse  as  an  article  of  food.  Most  people 
will  tell  you  that  *•  prairie  lu*ns  are 
mifrhty  poor  eatinjr,"  while  the  favored 
few  who  have  eaten  these  birds  under  the 
proper  conditions,  will  say  that  there  is 
nothinjr  wearing  feathers,  be  it  canvas- 
back  duck,  or  ()ctol)cr  woodcock,  that  is 
sui>erior  to  it.  Cookin?;  makes  the  differ- 
ence. While  the  grouse  is  yet  younpr, 
and  white  of  flesh,  smy  till  the  first  of 
St'ptemlxT,  he  should  bo  split  open  and 
broiled,  or  made  into  a  pie.  So  cooked, 
he  is  respectible — about  equal  to  a  tamo 
chicken  of  the  same  ajre.  But  to  eat  him 
in  perfection,  he  should  be  full  grown  and 
dark-lleshed,  say  in  November.  Should 
Ijc  picked  clean,  stuffed,  and  roasted  }>e- 
fore  a  quick  fire,  well  bastwl  wiCh  butter, 
and  above  all.  underdone,  as  you  would 
cook  a  canvas-back.  Eaten  in  this  way, 
with  wild  plum  jelly  (a  kind  Providence 
has  placed  the  wild  plum  and  the  grouso 
side  by  side),  the  bird  will  fulfd  his  des- 
tiny, and  take  his  place  at  the  head  of 
American  game.  How  is  he  generally 
cooked  in  hotels,  boanling-houses  and  tho 
like?  They  pull  off  feathers  and  skin 
together,  put  him  in  that  vile  invention  a 
cooking-stove,  dry  up  all  his  fiuo  natural 
juices,  till  he  comes  to  table  a  mass  of 
brown  strings,  with  no  more  sapidity  than 
so  much  harness  leather.  Subject  the 
woodcock  or  canvas-back  to  such  treat- 
ment, and  where  would  be  tho  flavor? 
and  echo  answers,  nowhere. 

The  Sharp-tailed  Grouse. — Tetrao 
•DhasiantUua,  This  fine  bird  seems  to 
nave  been  unknown  to  Wilson,  but  Nut- 
tal  gives  a  very  good  description  of  it; 
making  its  geographical  limits,  however, 
more  narrow  than  they  have  since  been 
found  to  bo.  We  had  frequently  been 
told  by  sportsmen  of  a  distinct  kind  of 
grouse  which  inhabited  the  groves  of 
Wisconsin;  and  from  their  description 
of  the  bird  we  supposed  this  to  be  the 
species. 

In  the  winter  of  1842,  while  travelling 
in  that  section  of  country,  we  saw  many 
of  the  Burr-oak  grouse,  as  they  are  called 
by  the  inhabitants,  sitting  on  trees  by  the 
road  side ;  not  having  a  gun  we  were  un- 
able to  procure  specimens.  The  next- 
summer,  being  in  the  same  region,  name- 
ly, the  beautiful  country  lying  between 
Milwaukie  and  Madison,  we  saw  them 
a^n.  Their  habits  reseimbled  those  of 
the  pinnated  grouse,  excepting  that  they 


inhabited  by  choice,  the  groves  instead  of 
the  prairie. 

The  winter  of  1844  being  a  severe  one, 
with  much  snow,  these  birds  came  farther 
south  than  usual,  and  we  procure<l  several 
flnc  specimens  in  the  Chicago  market. 
Two  or  three  winters  since,  when  the 
cold  was  severer  than  common,  we  have 
known  them  killed  in  the  vicinity  of  Chi- 
cago. We  also  tried  them  repeatedly  on 
the  table,  and  found  them  to  be  superior 
iu  flavor  to  their  pinnated  cousins.  They 
are  feathered  half  way  down  the  toes, 
and  their  plumage  generally  indicates  a 
northern  bird. 

The  Ravex — Corvus  coitLX,  Young 
poets  of  the  third  and  fourth  classes,  who 
formerly  alwundcd  more  in  New  England 
than  at  present,  were  wont  to  draw  their 
illustrations  from  books,  and  commonly 
from  English  books.  In  their  descriptions 
of  rural  scenery,  you  found  ivy-clad  cot- 
tages, with  daisies  enamelling  the  meadow; 
sky-larks  were  seen  to  soar  and  night- 
ingales heard  to  sing ;  while,  if  their  mood 
was  dismal,  the  raven  generally  darkened 
with  his  funereal  presence  the  tragic  page. 

Now,  if  these  votaries  of  the  muse  had 
examined  for  themselves,  they  would  have 
found  that  the  crow  is  the  bird  of  ill-omen 
in  New  England,  where  the  raven  is  not. 
Illinois,  on  the  contrary,  rejoices  in  the 
presence  of  the  raven,  and  the  crow  is  sel- 
dom seen;  these  two  predatory  cousins 
seldom  living  together. 

The  researches  of  modem  naturalists 
have  established  the  fact,  that  scarcely 
any  American  beast,  bird,  or  fish,  is  iden- 
tical with  its  European  analogue,  though 
the  difference  is  frequently  to  be  detected 
only  by  close  and  scientific  observation. 
Thus,  our  raven,  although  to  unpractised 
eyes  the  same  as  the  European,  has  differ- 
ences of  organi2:ation  sufiBcient  to  make  a 
new  species.  In  all  his  habits,  however, 
he  is  the  same  bird. 

Some  years  ago,  being  out  shooting 
with  a  friend,  he  slightly  wounded  a 
young  raven.  Having  hetird  of  the  ease 
with  which  these  birds  may  be  tamed,  we 
begged  the  life  of  the  eaptive,  and,  having 
tied  his  legs,  brought  him  home  in  the 
buggy.  In  a  few  days  he  entirely  recov- 
enS  from  his  wound,  and  became  verjr 
familiar,  amusing,  and  mischievous.  IIis 
usual  perch  was  the  top  of  a  shed,  which 
stood  on  an  alley  much  frequented  by 
pigs,  poultry,  and  stray  dogs.  Ralph 
would  watch  his  chance,  and  when  a  pig 
came  near  his  perch,  he  would  alight  upon 
the  back  of  the  astonished  grunter,  and 
ride  him  about,  quickening  his  pace  by 
repeated  digs  of  his  beak,  and  shouting 


1854.] 


Some   Western  Binh, 


79 


his  delij^ht  most  ▼ocifcrou.>ly.  If  he  saw 
a  do^  lyiPS  ^^  ^^^^  alley  pnawinj^  a  bone, 
be  would  steal  softly  bl'liind  him,  and 
piTing  him  a  dig  in  the  back,  fly  away  to 
hu  perch  with  a  mischievous  chuckle,  be- 
i'Stt  the  do^  could  retaliate.  The  do«;3 
wuuM  frequently  be  so  much  disconcertecl 
ly  t^e  attacks  of  this  mysterious  enemy, 
x^  t'*  al>an<lon  the  field  and  the  Ume  to- 
gvt^icr,  aoii  lUlph  would  enjoy  the  spolia- 
opi'na. 

We  saw  him  attack  a  brood  of  young 
turkeys,  probably  with  the  purpose  of 
makin;;  a  meal  of  them  ;  their  cries,  how- 
eTvr.  quickl}'  brought  the  old  hen  and 
pobbltT  to  their  assistance.  Ilali)h  stood 
up  to  the  turkey-cock  for  a  round  or  two, 
bat  was  soon  driren  to  his  perch,  whero 
be  con?oled  him>clf  by  scolding  tlie  tur- 
keys at  the  top  of  his  voice  as  long  as  they 
were  within  sight. 

After  keeping  the  raven  about  six 
monthic  be  became  so  troublesome  that 
we  were  obliged  to  give  him  away.  His 
\mM.  exploit  was  to  attack  a  new  buggy 
which  haAl  been  left  near  him,  and  tear 
the  cushions  all  to  pieces. 

Wilcox's  Piialarope. — Tliis  beautiful 
l;tlle  wader  was  first  notice<l  by  Wilson 
m  a  museum  in  Albany.  He  never  saw 
tbe  hvin^  bird,  and  Nuttal  says  that  it  is 
only  a  straggler  in  the  Uuitc<l  States. 

Ttn  or  twelve  years  ago  a  friend  brought 
t;-  two  specimens  (a  malo  antl  female), 
wr;>"h  be  had  shot  in  the  vicinity  of 
•'ui.-ajTO.  lie  had  never  seen  the  bird  be- 
fore lht>ugh  familiar  with  most  of  the 
Uris  of  this  region.  Having  com[)ared  it 
with  the  description  in  Xuttal  and  identi- 
fied the  5j)ecies,  we  went  out  in  search  of 
cure  sjccimens,  and  succee<le<l  in  procur- 
1  iz  half  a  dozen.  Wc  found  the  phala- 
r  'p**^  on  the  wet  prairies  south  of  the 
nty.  zenerally  in  jKiirs,  the  females  con- 
taining well  develoj;cd  i.*;:^s.  This  was 
a>^jut  the  middle  of  May  ;  but  alth oiiirh 
wir  have  scnm  them  on  the  same  frround 
aeorly  every  season  since,  we  have  never 
a.'-Ltrtaine'l  that  they  liree»l  heR' ;  anl 
frim  thf?  fhort  time  which  they  stay  in 
tl»'s  vi<"inity,  we  believe  that  they  merely 
itop  here  m   passing  to   their    breeding 

Thk  Sand  Hill  Cii\nk. —  Grus  ca- 
na'UiuiM,  Wilson  supjioses  this  to  Imj  the 
young  of  the  gruat  white,  or  whooping 
rraoe,  Qrua  americuna ;  whili'  Nutta), 
in  our  opinion  a  better  authority.  de^criU'S 
itaA  a  distinct  sfiecies.  <)iirari|iiaintunce 
wiih  this  bird  inclines  us  dtridedly  to  the 
lalter  opinion.  Besides  the  great  fliM'er- 
I  in  size,  the  white  crane  standin*^ 
'  a  CmH  taller,  the  color  of  the  naked 


skin  of  the  head,  an'l  of  the  bill,  is  sufH- 
ciently  dilfereiit  to  mark  them  as  distin«'t 
species.  The  brown  crane  has  the  head 
of  a  reddish  brown  and  the  bill  blackish, 
while  the  whooping  crane  has  the  bill 
of  a  wax  yellow,  and  the  head  orange 
colored. 

Again,  out  of  large  flocks  of  these  birds, 
which,  pas>ing  the  summer  in  IllinoLs  aie 
to  be  seen  all  over  the  State,  to  one  hun- 
dred of  the  brown  cranes,  you  would 
hardly  find  two  of  the  white  kind ;  and. 
it  seems  to  us,  that  as  it  resorts  to  our 
prairies  to  breed,  that  if  it  were  the  young 
of  the  whooping  crane,  the  old  white 
fathers  and  grandfathers  would  sometimes 
come  west  to  visit  their  descendants  ; 
especially  as  they  can  pass  from  the  Caro- 
linas  to  Illinois  in  a  few  hours,  and  that 
free  of  cost ;  a  circumstance  which  is  apt 
to  weigh  with  people  at  a  certain  time  of 
life. 

The  brown  crane  arrives  in  Illinois  in 
May,  and  takes  up  in  the  sloughs  or 
swamps  in  which  its  favorite  food  alwunds ; 
for  our  crane  resembles  the  Frenchman  in 
this  among  other  things,  that  his  most 
esteemed  delicacy  is  a  fat  frog. 

The  nest  is  made  in  an  elevated  spot  in 
a  swamp,  generally  built  in  a  tussock  of 
grass,  to  raise  it  somewhat  above  tho 
ground.  The  eggs  are  two  in  number,  of 
an  olive  green,  spotted  with  brown,  and 
about  tho  size  of  that  of  a  goose. 

When  the  young  are  half  grown,  they 
are  of  a  bluish,  or  slate  color,  and  are 
very  easily  tamed.  Though  one  of  the 
wihlest  and  most  wary  of  birds,  when  in  a 
state  of  domestication  it  becomes  so  tame 
as  to  walk  al>out  tho  house  and  feed  from 
the  table,  which  its  long  legs  and  neck 
enable  it  to  do  with  ease. 

between  one  and  two  years  old,  tho 
crane  assumes  its  brown  color,  which 
sometimes  so  nearly  resembles  the  jKileago 
of  the  <leer.  that  in  the  lon;r  grass  the 
bird  is  (»ften  mistaken  for  the  beast. 

At  the  latter  end  of  summer  the  crano 
a*>an»lons  his  reptile  diet  and  resorting  to 
the  corn-fields,  becomes  fat  and  savory 
food,  quite  equal  to  the  Canada  jroose,  and 
nearly  as  good  a  bird  as  the  wild  turkey. 

At  the  approach  of  cold  weather  he 
takes  himself  off  to  the  South,  to  visit  his 
p<issil>le  gruiKlsire,  and  probable  cousin. 
the  whooping  crane,  whose  melody  ot 
voice  our  bird  jwssesses  in  some  de^ee. 

Our  crane  is  a  very  vij^urous  and  cour- 
ageous bird,  and  when  attacked  «iefends 
itself  so  desjierately  with  his  live  inch 
dajrger,  that  we  tiiiiik  he  would  Tk*  a 
match  for  any  bird  of  pn*y  e\c»pt  the 
eagle.      Of  this  we  once  had  un  ocular 


80 


The  JewUh  Cemetery  at  Newport, 


[Jul, 


proof,  when  we  first  came  into  the  coun- 
try and  were  unacquainted  with  the  habits 
of  the  Tarmints.  Riding  over  the  prairies 
in  September,  we  came  upon  a  nock  of 
full-grown  brown  cranes,  and  drove  within 
easy  shot  of  them.  We  fired  from  the 
waggon  at  the  nearest,  and  he  fell ;  the 
others  took  wing.  We  leaped  from  the 
waggon  to  secure  our  easy  prey,  when  to 
our  astonishment,  instead  of  allowing  him- 
self quietly  to  be  bagged,  the  crane  tame 
at  us  at  the  pas  de  charge^  with  flapping 
wings  and  levelled  beak.  As  the  bird 
stands  about  four  feet  high,  this  was  a 
new  experience  to  one  who  had  shot 
nothing  larger  or  more  formidable  than 
a  grouse.  We  gave  him  the  second 
barrel,  but  either  the  shot.  No.  8,  were 
too  small  to  penetrate  his  feathers,  coming 
head  on ;  or  in  our  haste  and  confusion 
wc  missed  him  altogether. 

We  now  began  to  think  that  discretion 
was  the  better  part  of  valor,  and  would  have 
been  willing  to  cry  quits  with  Mr.  Crane, 
but  his  dander  was  up,  as  well  as  his 
feathers,  and  \fhatever  may  be  his  affinity 
to  the  white  crane,  he  certainly  showed 
no  white  feather.  There  was  nothing  for 
i^  but  a  fight  So  we  aimed  a  blow  at 
his  head  with  the  butt  of  the  gun,  which 
he  dodged,  and  returned  with  a  pass  of 
the  long  beak  at  our  eyes.  Fortunately, 
wo  had  taken  some  years  before,  a  few 
lessons  in  the  art  of  self-defence ;  so  we 
cleverly  stopped  the  dagger  thrust,  and 
seizing  the  crane  by  the  neck,  af^cr  a 
severe  struggle  succeeded  in  throwing 
him  on  the  ground,  and  putting  our  knee 
on  his  neck.  Then  with  a  pocket  knife, 
we  finished  him.  During  this  time  wo 
were  so  sorely   buffeted  by  his  wings, 


and  scratched  with  his  long  claws,  that 
though  we  came  out  of  the  fight  victorious, 
we  determined  to  be  careful  how  we 
meddled  with  a  sand-hill  crane. 

We  once  saw  a  tamo  crane  whip  a 
couple  of  good- sized  dogs  which  had  come 
into  the  yard  where  it  was  kept.  The 
dogs  attacked  it  on  sight,  but  the  crane 
very  coolly  waiting  their  approach,  flew 
up  some  ten  feet  perpendicularly  into  tho 
air,  and  descended  on  their  backs,  deal- 
ing such  savage  stabs  with  his  beak,  that 
the  dogs  fled,  howling  with  pain  and 
terror. 

A  tame  crane  is  useful  about  a  farm  as 
a  destroyer  of  insects  and  vermin,  as  well 
is  a  very  amusing  pet.  Nothing  can  be  more 
ludicrous  than  its  appearance  as  it  grave- 
ly stalks  with  long  strides  behind  its 
master,  gesticulating  in  the  most  grotesque 
manner,  and  looking  like  a  sort  of  feather- 
ed Don  Quixote.  It  is,  however,  rather 
dangerous  to  children,  whom,  when  irri- 
tated it  does  not  hesitate  to  attack. 

In  a  wild  state  this  cran^  has  another 
Qallican  habit  It  dances.  In  unfre- 
quented places,  where  safe  from  observa- 
tion, the  cranes  will  arrange  themselves 
into  regular  cotillons  and  country  dances, 
and  caper  by  the  hour  together,  indulging 
in  the  most  fantastic  movements  of  the 
head  and  body,  and  presenting  a  most 
amusing  caricature  of  a  human  danoing 
party.  We  once  witnessed  an  exhibition 
of  this  kind  from  an  ambush,  where  the 
performers  were  some  twenty  or  thirty 
in  number,  and  if  we  had  the  power  of 
Cruickshank  to  put  it  on  paper,  you  would 
agree  with  us  that  it  was  a  sight  not  to  be 
forgotten. 


THE    JEWISH    CEMETERY    AT    NEWPORT. 


HOW  strange  it  seems  I  These  Hebrews  in  their  grave& 
Close  by  the  street  of  this  fair  sea-port  town ; 
Silent  beside  the  never-silent  waves, 
At  rest  in  all  this  moving  up  and  down ! 

The  trees  are  white  with  dust,  that  oV  their  sleep 
Wave  their  broad  curtains  in  the  south-wind's  breath, 

While  underneath  such  leafy  tents  they  keep 
The  long,  mysterious  Exodus  of  Death. 

And  these  sepulchral  stones,  so  old  and  brown, 
That  pave  with  level  flan  their  burial-plaoe, 

An  like  the  tablets  of  the  JLaw,  thrown  down 
And  broken  by  Moses  at  the  mountain's  base. 


16M.]  The  JewUk  Cemetery  at  Newport.  81 

The  very  names  recorded  here  are  strange, 

Of  foreign  accent,  and  of  different  climes ; 
Alvares  Mod  Rivera  interchange 

With  Abraham  and  Jacob  of  old  times. 

*' Blessed  be  God!  for  he  created  Death  ! » 
The  moamers  said :  "  and  Death  is  rest  and  peace." 

Then  added,  in  the  certainty  of  &ith : 
"  And  giveth  Life,  that  never  more  shall  cease." 

Closed  are  the  portals  of  their  Synagogue, 

No  Psalms  of  David  now  the  silence  break. 
No  Rabbi  reads  the  ancient  Decalogue 

In  the  grand  dialect  the  Prophets  spake. 

Gone  are  the  living,  but  the  dead  remain, 

And  not  neglected,  for  a  hand  unseen, 
Scattering  its  bounty,  like  a  summer  rain. 

Still  keeps  their  graves  and  their  remembrance  green. 

How  came  they  here  ?    What  burst  of  Christian  hate ; 

What  persecution,  merciless,  and  blind, 
Drove  o'er  the  sea, — that  desert,  desolate — 

These  Ishmaels  and  Hagars  of  mankind  ? 

They  lived  in  narrow  streets  and  lanes  obscure, 

Ghetto  or  Judenstrass,  in  mirk  and  mire  ; 
Taught  in  the  school  of  patience  to  endure 

The  life  of  anguish  and  the  death  of  fire. 

All  their  lives  long,  with  the  unleavened  bread 

And  bitter  herlM  of  exile  and  its  fears. 
The  wasting  famine  of  the  heart  they  fed, 

And  slaked  its  thirst  with  marah  of  their  tears. 

Anathema  maranatha !  was  the  cry 
That  rang  from  town  to  town,  from  street  to  street ; 

At  every  gate  the  accursed  Mordocai 
Was  mocked,  and  jeered,  and  spumed  by  Ctiristian  feet. 

Pride  and  humiliation  hand  in  hand  V 

Walked  with  them  through  the  world,  where'er  they  went : 

Trampled  and  beaten  were  Uicy  as  the  sand, 
And  yet  unshaken  as  the  continent. 

For  in  the  back-ground,  figures  vague  and  vast. 

Of  patriarchs  and  of  prophets  rose  sublime, 
And  all  the  great  traditions  of  the  Past 

They  saw  reflected  in  the  coming  time. 

And  thus  for  ever  with  reverted  look, 

The  mvstic  volume  of  the  world  they  read. 
Spelling  It  backward  like  a  Hebrew  book, 

Till  Life  became  a  Legend  of  the  Dead. 

But  ah !  what  once  has  been  shall  be  no  more  ! 

The  groaning  earth  in  travail  and  in  pain 
Brings  forth  its  races,  but  does  not  restore, 

And  the  dead  nations  never  rise  again. 


82 


[July 


A   BIOGRAPHY— PART    II. 
LATER    YEAR& 


THE  true,  full  life  of  plants  may  be  said 
to  begin  and  to  end  with  their  period  of 
blooming.  Whilst  trees  do  not  blossom 
until  manj  years  have  passed  over  their 
lofty  heads — the  fir-tree  and  the  beech, 
for  instance,  seldom  before  the  fiftieth 
year — the  humbler  plants  look  upon  the 
time  when  they  are  crowned  with  flow- 
ers as  the  happiest — and  last,  of  their  ex- 
istendc.  It  comes,  with  some,  after  a  short 
year,  whilst  the  Agave  Americana  lives 
many,  though  not  quite  a  hundred  years, 
without  ever  flowering.  Then  it  produces, 
with  amazing  rapidity  an  innumerable 
host  of  flowers,  growing  almost  visibl}', 
until  it  has  unfolded  its  magnificent  can- 
delabrum of  nearly  50  f^t  high,  and  then 
it  perishes.  So  also  the  beautiful  Tallipot 
palm :  it  grows  and  flourishes,  and  forms 
a  vast  crown  of  broad  leaves  at  a  great 
.  height ;  then  only  it  flowers  for  the  first 
time,  produces  its  seed  and  dies ;  so  true 
is  it,  that 

••  He  bids  e*ch  flower  hb  quickening  word  oboj. 
Or  to  each  lingering  bloom  enjoins  delay.^ 

Plants,  however,  have  not  only  their 
age  of  blooming,  but  also  their  season. 
Whilst  most  of  them  open  their  bright 
chalices  in  spring  or  midsummer,  when 
^'  the  sun  smiles  on  the  earth  and  the  exu- 
berant earth  returns  the  smile  in  flowers," 
others  do  not  bloom  until  fall  or  even  win- 
ter. The  autumnal  crocus,  which  gives 
us  safiron,  blooms  not  until  almost  all  the 
other  flowers  are  gone.  The  black  helle- 
bore sends  its  pale  green  flowers  as  a 
Christmas  present,  and  the  fn^ant  black- 
thorn blossoms,  while  the  cold  north-east 
winds  blow,  in  spite  of  cold  and  frost.  The 
vernal  crocus  sends  up  its  golden  cups  in 
early  March,  however  cold  it  may  be  in 
the  reign  of  what  Ck)leridge  calls  '^the 
dark,  frieze-coated,  hoarse,  teetlwshattering 
month,"  and  the  silvery  almond  flower 
blooms  on  a  leafless  bough.  Nay,  the 
very  hour  of  blooming  is  appointed  to 
plants  with  mysterious  accuracy.  A  few 
years  ago  I  went  to  see  near  Upsala,  the 
cottage  of  old  Linn6,  the  father  of  modem 
botany,  and  among  all  the  precious  relics 
carefully  preserved,  there  was  no  token  of 
the  pious  reverence  with  which  his  coun- 
trymen honor  his  name,  more  touching 
than  his  floral  clock.  In  a  half  circle, 
carefully  arranged  around  his  writing  ta- 
ble, stood  a  number  of  plants  which  open- 
ed their  flowers  each  at  a  certain  moment^ 


so  that  they  revealed  at  a  glance  to  the 
great  master,  the  hour  of  the  day,  with 
unerring  precision.  For,  as  every  bird 
has  his  hour  when  he  awakes,  and  sends 
up  his  hymn  to  praise  his  Maker,  so  every 
flower  also  has  its  time.  They  open  com- 
monly to  the  light,  some  in  the  morning, 
closing  at  night,  whilst  others  will  not 
open  at  all  except  in  clear  bright  weather. 
The  degree  of  light  which  they  require, 
determines  mostly  the  hour  of  the  day  at . 
which  they  will  unfold  their  beauty.  Thus 
the  daisy,  like  a  true  day's  eye,  opens  its 
white  and  crimson-tipped  star  to  meet  the 
early  beams  of  the  morning  sun ;  and  the 
moming-gloiy  closes  its  sweet-scented 
flowers  before  the  sun  has  risen  high; 
the  dandelion  opens  at  half-past  five,  and 
closes  at  nine  ;  the  scarlet  pimpernel  waits 
patiently  until  mid-day,  and  dreads  rain 
so  anxiously  that  it  folds  quickly  up,  even 
before  the  impending  shower,  and  remains 
closed  during  the  passage  of  a  cloud. 
Hence  its  name  of  the  ^'  poor  man's  wea- 
therglass." Others  love  late  hours :  the 
evening  primrose  opens  its  golden  eyes  in 
the  sweet  hour  of  eve,  and  retires  before 
the  glare  of  day.  The  brilliant  while 
lotus,  opening  when  the  sun  rises,  and 
closing  when  he  sets,  still  loves  shade  so 
well,  that,  when  it  has  no  shelter  to 
screen  it,  it  folds  up  its  pure  leaves  as  soon 
as  the  sun  reaches  the  zenith,  as  though 
unable  to  endure  the  too  ardent  rays  of 
the  luminary  that  called  it  mto  life.  There 
are,  on  the  other  hand,  also  bats  and  owls 
found  among  plants,  wide  awake  all  night 
long.  The  convolvulus  of  the  tropk» 
blooms  only  at  night,  and  so  ddcs  the 
magnificent  cactus,  the  large  flowered 
torch-thistle.  Late  in  the  6ilent  night, 
when  all  other  flowers  are  sleeping,  this 
strange  plant,  with  its  dry,  bare  stem,  un- 
folds its  gorgeous,  vanilla-scented  flowers. 
There  are  few  others  known  of  greater 
beauty ;  they  sometimes  measure  a  foot 
in  diameter,  and  when  several  of  these 
magnificent  creatures  are  open  at  once, 
upon  the  same  plant,  they  seem  like  stars 
shining  out  in  all  their  lustre,  and  veri- 
fying the  poet's  assertion,  that 

**  Darkneos  shows  ns  a  world  of  light 
We  never  see  by  day." 

But  it  is  a  short  glory  indeed :  at  mid- 
'  night  they  are  fully  blown,  and  as  soon 
as  tiie  morning  dawns  upon  them,  th^ 
fold  up  ihmr  channs,  anid  a  few  hoars 


1.1 


A  Bieffrtg)ktf—Part  II. 


M 


'  tliiy  arv  ilfCftfed  T«ivio^  not  i  tnuse 
if  Ihcir  JEV||«^otM  mat^  |i«Hmd  thm». 
Kirt  ftlt  pUt)t3E,  it  ij(  well  known,  h<ire 
'  to  gaze*  trri  im  with  gtmtk*.  child* 
iryicuj''  tKr  fcPTt^  JUid  ulli^l  plauti 
J  feed  without  npparcntly  bloom- 
flrst  Where  Oroy  o<^!itr,  hovrcTcr, 
i^fbid  tlifl  mriety  of  their  color  ?;iir|!AS8- 
Qnlj  hf  that  nf  their  *»h«|>e.  The 
|MfSl  e«li>r»  occur  in  Alpine  f»ltJit& 
vWa  filing  fiowers  nkirt  th«J  et^mftl 
hmki  il  w  AOicnig  thi*sc  thut  we  wwifX 
IbqIe  Ibrlbtf  Mell^^t  liky-hliie,  thf^  ptirest 
MiiW  whitgt,  tad  the  m'lgt  Wiiutiful  rxm^- 
dlsTt  nnttt  we  re««h  thi?  very  glory  of 
tezuT  ^  Icodrofift  raniibf^  &  bii^i  % 

■mi  rtioml  fmoiF-corered  peaks, 

Wf  ll^r  fikfck  tlw  ^owerfl  of  the  pTjiin  look 
IsiMtro  ■atd  vt^nttL     Bui  they  hn^e  no 
r,  frigrmnar  bcin};  fnv<-'n  ta  tho  chil- 
oC  thi  low   Ian*iH  orify.    80   with 
4l  b  not  pmwi  beauty  that  ts  moHt 
iljr ;  lit«v  bi  a  fur  more  potent  eh  arm 
illieinrco'        ''         thai   mirrotindB  the 
Tit»e^*  *re  liifTer* 
I  Ibr  Wi ^  ;.  i»  L  * . ,  ..ecm  1;  to  have  wished 
RAte  tlie  North  frir  the  ftbwiKJCI 
r  fny  isolam,  by  givnii^  HWiTt  odors  io 
^  of  planiA.     l'hti«  the  hi»n- 
t^A    1h    IhriH.    anj[nritic    ermngh,    to 
ite  litxury ;  is 
'  li  road  the  frtJit- 

of  Urn  gulden   furxe  i    tho 

I  «Eh&icti  hi  <^arly  BpHng  %  Kweet 
,  tnd  this  pine  \%  &romatic 

I  ^bivao^  (o  it*  gfaicscftil  done,    Scmie 

rba-Vi  ritjt  Mlor*.     The  tnr- 

t  on  «kr  t4k«i8  >te  tiiuiJ9  from 

rr  tuilrir*,  und  whie^h  is  Tiioro 

I  tltf^  ftet  in  diftmctcr.  ha^^  an  nnimal 

ill,  dttKhr  re<ini»blJng  thttt  of  heeC  and 

I  MMbUm  frisi^A^ciowl  Hmell^  f^>  »tr<>ni,^- 

«f  apoM  mi«l,  Utftt  it  attrfi^U  the 

■   "'    fy,  vA  tempt*  tt  to  deponit 

I^H^IlMfCl^  fta  if  It  wern  f-nrrbn.      Vm^ 

'aoi  efri' 

BllKul^•lld  Ktoikiokr  loeiiKt^  which  n%- 

f  B  milt! e  w>t«JTS  ttn4  tiTt'ffitfi!  tf>  munT 

i:liL     f-  fm'- 

bcii  b  k:  ^H'ml 

rlj  -tlv   t"  fiUraf  t 

>  ft.Ti  vbere  a  table  is 

•  u»rini.     il  r'*  well  known  that 

II  fliiftU  wh*t  they  watU  to  f>jit, 
lil  ti  a  mdjgiotif  diiitannr^,  and  aji  Na- 
•  dlU  W  t£ur  itndl  Ibti  vulture  and 
!  buaaird  t0  ptfform  th^f  ^1-u 

KlriMft  «fi}o^iiMnvi 
rirtjiliy  M,  WItC  ajibfh: 
Jy  devdofitfl  m 


.i.v^h 


tinted,  and  his  brave  heart  nearly  failed 
him.  felt  his  hope«  revivf?d  and  his  cour- 
age restored  Hj  the  sweet  odor  of  gasa** 
fras^  which  the  land-bree^sc  brought  upon 
itswbgs  from  the  distant  shores  of  the 
New  World, 

The  oddest  ehipes  of  flowers  are  prolw- 
bly  found  imong  the  Orchid acem  of  this 
Oontitient^  whoso  (lowerRj  Hdh  tn  every 
shade  and  variety  of  color,  portray  tii 
their  extraordinary  formation  almost  the 
entire  scope  of  animated  nature.  Jieaats, 
birds,  and  ftihes.  Some  represent  a  hel- 
met wnth  ita  visor  up ;  others  lot'*k  like 
ants  and  larger  insects.  The  l)e<j,  the  fly, 
the  spider  and  the  lizard,  are  each  accu- 
rately copied  in  gonie  ranetios;  one  looks 
for  all  the  life  like  a  dove,  and  is  irr<?ver- 
ently  calletl  the  Ilojy  Ghost ;  and  another 
resembles  a  large  and  beautiful  butterfly 
BO  closely  %%  to  deceive  even  the  instinct 
of  birds. 

It  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  cfirious, 
anti,  ai  yet,  most  mysterious  leatures  in 
the  life  of  plants^  that  the  appearanci?  of 
flowers  is  in  some  mstanees  accotit panted 
by  very  remarkable  phenomena.  In  many 
of  our  creeprs^  in  the  lilies  and  the  com- 
mon gourd,  a  kind  of  ffcver-heat  ta  per- 
ceptible it  the  ttTDc  of  inflore«oenoe. 
Somf  times  it  apfpearK  in  fjaroxy^m^^,  then 
a^in  it  rises  and  faljs  re^darly,  and  so 
distinctly  I  that  in  one  plant,  whiah  has 
perhaps  only  l>oen  subjected  to  more  care- 
ful obserrations  than  others^  the  beat  hid 
been  nolbed  to  inercai^c  daily  from  00  to 
IIO^  or  even  120  degrees,  and  tlion  agnin 
to  fall  to  the  temperature  of  the  atmos- 
phere.  Some  have  thought  that  this  very 
striking  peculiarity  of  certain  flowei^ 
might  bo  conm»cleti  with  the  power  of 
other*  to  emit  light*  The  gf^ntle  daugh- 
ter of  Lmn^,  when  walking  on  a  dry, 
mittry  sonimer  evening  through  her  f^ 
ther's  green-^house^  first  observed  flaiihes 
of  phMKphofi?«ct?nt  light  on  %  few  pltnts, 
Sitiop  then  morn  have  lieen  obeerved  to  be 
go  endowed,  aud  the  common  nasturtium 
of  our  gardens,  if  plucked  at  the  time  of 
a  bright  sunshine,  and  at  once  oarrkd 
into  a  flark  room^  will  become  irisible  to 
the  eye,  after  it  has  nsited  awhile,  by  a 
gentip  light  emittetJ  from  Us  li^ftTea.  In 
fact,  most  of  uiir  yellow  or  orange-colortid 
flower*,  oar   mangold   and   monk^ht'Mxl, 


rveniOgs    ^ive  nut 
<  hf'  fom*  of  icpark^ 


tola  UiAt  Odniiilff 


imii,  wh*t|j  \ixn  ttn-kv  tiui' 


will  iu  trifnTi 
light,  ami  }ff^ 

at  <lther^    in    ,:      -  r    hnl    mnr,*   f* 

fflow.      In  a  few    f.l.j.,^:.  ;  oi     ;  ■•  -!     .i 
I*  not  limited  to  til'' J' '^vir    ,  ^ 
mon  to  all  leaves.    ThuH  1; 
'  rrreping  along  tho  roof  of 
an  »tr  of  endaantuwnt  to  ihtiu,  l-v 


A  Bio^raph^—PSrt 


\Uy 


soft  Mid  cknr  lig!it  tb<?y  diffuse,  while 
^totlier  pTani,  abounding  in  tlte  jung1<^ 
of  the  Madura  dii^trict  in  the  East  In^iics^ 
gives  an  cxtraordinarilj  vivid  li^ht  which 
illumirjates  the  ground  around  it  for»3nie 
distant?. 

£qimt1y  striking  and  peculiar  is  the 
clear^  loud  sound  with  which  the  (lajs/.!mg 
white  flower  of  certain  pahn-tfLHiS  opens— 
a  fiouud  already  noticed  in  times  of  antj- 
quity^as  we  Icam  from  Pindar,  who  speaks 
of  the  iseai^oii,  when  "  the  first  opening 
shoot  of  the  datepalm  proclajnts  the  arri- 
val of  balmy  spring,"  This,  however, 
sccfns  to  be  the  onlj  exception  to  the  gen- 
eral stillness,  with  which  Nature  pro- 
ceeds in  her  work,  ever  showing  how  calm 
and  unpretending  the  growth  of  every 
tiling  beautiful  m  in  God^s  visible  world. 
It  m  a  frequent  remark  that  ''  we  never 
heai  a  roso  opening  or  a  tulip  shooting 
forth  iu  gorffeous  colors,"  and  yet  of  the 
same  {|uict  flowers  it  wa$  ^id  :  Consider 
the  lilies  of  the  field :  I  saj  unto  you^ 
that  Sobmon  in  all  his  glory  waij  not  ai^ 
rayed  like  one  of  the^ ! 

When  the  beauty  of  flowers  b  gone^ 
their  leaves  drop  quietly,  silently  to  the 
ground  5  but  a  part  of  the  flower  always 
remains,  attached  to  the  8tem^  and  this 
contains  the  fruit  or  the  sc^ds  of  the  ptant 
by  which  it  continues  its  existence  and 
reproduces  itself.  It  is  in  the  process  of 
preparing  these  parts  that  plants  show 
most  distinctly  how  well  they  know  what 
time  of  the  year  it  ts^  In  autumn  they 
feel  that  winter  is  coming,  and  prepare  for 
jtj  by  compietiiig  all  the  necessary  pro- 
cesses with  far  greater  activity  than  they 
haft  shown  at  any  other  p(erio<l  of  their 
life.  It  is,  of  course,  not  an  innate  con- 
sciousness of  the  season,  that  impels  them 
to  do  so,  but  an  extremely  delicate  and 
now  much  heightened  perception  of  out- 
wanl  influences^  inappreciable  to  our  less 
refined  senses.  The  production  of  «eoda 
hi  the  great  end  of  the  life  of  the  majority 
of  plants^  though  not  of  trees  and  all 
those  who  live  for  many  yearii  But  the 
humbler  plants  see  in  it  the  great  pur- 
pose of  their  live^:  for  th^s  they  have 
grown  and  worked  and  lived,  for  this  they 
have  unfolded  the  whole  rich  apparatus 
of  flowers^  and  now  their  best  cares  arc 
bestowed  upon  the  ripening  fruiL  No 
precaution  is  neglected  to  preserve  it  i  the 
little  capsules  which  bold  tho  precious 
seed  offutnre  generations,  are  surrouudod 
with  thorns^  or  covered  with  down,  cased 
in  I  leather,  buried  m  Urge  masses  of  suc- 
culent tlesh,  or  carefully  packed  away  in 
UapJ,  ai( -tight  Hhcllsi.  A  mother  <!ould 
not  liave  better  care  for  the  cradle  of  her 


beloved  one.  Then  when  the  seed  is  ripe, 
and  has  to  be  turned  out  into  the  wide 
world  to  seek  a  resting-place  and  a  home, 
it  is  furnished  with  a  crest  of  f^thci^  or 
in  trusted  to  a  tiny  embarkation.  Nature 
gives  it  winp  to  Jfy  with  or  a  boat  to 
swim  in.  And  so  admirably  is  the  minute 
grain  protected,  that  the  smallest  have 
often  survived  for  centuries.  Raspberry - 
seeds^  it  is  well  known^  have  been  found 
in  a  barrow*  thirty  feet  deep,  alongjside 
with  coins  of  the  Emperor  Hadrian,  and 
yet^  when  sown,  they  have  borne  fruit 
The  pyramids  of  the  Pharaohs  ar^  crum- 
bling into  dustf  but  grains  of  wheat^  found 
in  their  interior  and  once  more  intrusted 
to  the  tender  care  of  their  mother  earthy 
have  joyously  sprouted  and  made  an  am- 
ple return. 

The  fniit  undergoes,  of  all  parts  of  the 
plant,  perhaps  the  largest  number  of  re- 
markable changes^  even  after  it  hajj  al- 
ready reached  its  full  sizi^  and  complete 
shape.  Acid,  whilst  growing,  it  bi'comes 
sweet  as  it  ripens^  and  is  sngarj-  when  per- 
fectly mature*  Fermentation  makes  it 
vinous,  and^  dried  up,  it  turns  sour  or  bit- 
ter. Fruits  vary  in  taste,  apparenUy  to 
suit,  by  the  kindness  of  an  AH- wise 
Providence,  the  changing  wants  of  man. 
During  the  oppres^ivo  heat  of  bumnier. 
nafture  ripens  for  him  juicy  and  refreshing 
cherries,  peaches  and  melons  v  the  mori^ 
sugary  figs  and  mulberries  di,sappcari  with 
the  former^  as  fast  as  the  bright  days  tff^t 
produced  them*  When  the  warm  Min  is 
lea^^ing  us  and  cold  chdls  begin  to  threaten, 
more  vinous  fruits  ripen^  liko  pears  and 
applea^  with  their  warm^  nutritious  juice* 
At  last,  when  autumn  aJreidy  veils  the 
sun  in  cold  misi^  and  cuts  ojf  its  warmth 
from  US  by  dark  clouds,  the  grafie  grves 
us.  in  its  fermented  juice,  the  most  pow- 
erful cordial.  Winter  brings  oily  and 
farinaceous  nuts,  almonds,  and  olives, 
which  keep  long  and  warm  well.  Still  it 
must  not  ne  forgotten  that  those  fruits 
which  are,  so  to  speak*  necessaries  of  life, 
the  wheat  of  the  North,  and  the  date, 
cocoanut  and  breadfruit  of  the  South,  are 
constantly  found  in  aU  stages  of  devulop* 
ment  and  last  longer  than  a  short  ^a^rm. 

But  fruits  do  more  \  they  actually  tell 
ua  when  they  are  ripe  and  wish  t*>  bo 
gathertHJ.  They  mostly  change  their 
color  for  this  puipose :  as  long  as  they 
are  unri|ie,  they  are  green  like  the  kavea^ 
among  which  they  are  concealof!,  or  r^.Hi* 
di^h  liko  the  bark  to  which  they  doscly 
adhere^  a:j  is  the  case  with  plums.  As 
they  approach  jnaturily*  they  assume 
brighter  c«jloni*  si>  tliat  tha  "rcry  change 
annouuces  them  to  be  ripo,  and  their  ridi 


n 


,W(M,J^low  or  hUck,  invito^  tbosw? 
'  Bfe  me  tJiej  ircre  intcndcti   Dthcrs 
lo  US  hj  th^rir  Kmell— and  some 
I  1^  cwtr  fir*    Thp  rhmtrmMmrr  smps 
Illlitll9f«i  nir,  ^  '  s  are 

l^liiy  cM  in  ii  siri<1 

iKdhllfifw  t'    '  •-'  I  car  At- 

■Mflitffv.  Mt  ^trikcii 

flMpmimi  ^'^<'  ^"^  M  '"-'I'  tlie  ^otmrl 

^Nari Jbr  roany  milc-rt.  Oihcr  rniits  of 
fUnm^  wkbh^  iiTittl  ripe,  ire  re  liid  unJcr 
1^  pfo^jeeting  screen  of   Jiroatl   Ic^tcs, 

0*1  n^  ^t  m  fi(?«n 

to  litn^      ,  Among 

ftt  i»tlttr  notiir  iirt;  |x'r)i4|t?^  nrirt;  curious 
fcfl  the  iMit^crali  of  the  Wtst  fndjcii. 
fbtfj^  are  cxc.TV4liiip;l y  f^m^l  of  lh«itj  uuts, 
H^  v^l  k  id  TJiifi  f'lr  th^tn  to  look  ii|i  bo 
llieic'  ii«iin  cJin  but  r^rt'ly 

^  If  HngE  the  din  net' 
I  vh4-Ti  nu  i<  nn<jv\  And  ili  niplit  fftil« 
■Vy  gt^iwinanfU  an>  stH^n  lo  nish 
let  to  tliv  $cmsi  to  wbM]  they  h&vo 
I  fltnliiUjr  mTttcd* 

m  h  the 


hilii*  thaniwiTis  in 

Mtfr,     The  p-ASs 

t<1e(h,  now  un- 

'\v  for  want  of 

killps  pvtn   tht* 

T'tion 

niittb**y 
■:iiti,  with' 
kl  Ail  th(?y 
nCM  j^>at- 
ii^'U  the 
'iicnt 
«  im- 
'it^  to 

■  .%>iOfl 


p  iU  thadi*,  v. 
the  li^ 
I  Jfar  etl,  U'biin  th^  wmd  \m^^a.  over 
dbenip  And  tboy  an*  gt>nc,  Aud  the  place 
Uivfwif  know4  ibifM  no  m**ri»,  Ann  the 
fiae  M  drird  tip,  and  the  fig-tree  lAn- 
btCiii  the  poflnegrmimte,  the  p%ftn-tr^ 
.  t  cad  Um  •iipMnOi  cren  ill  the  trees 
rUieMilireiHtKc^.    V  -^  t 

^  aliao  rtvn  Ute  j. 
TmulbrC  for  tlie  t»rc«>r  l 

ifbrtbe  foCtitt?    Th*  aib 

,  m  ikiep  dti  rich 


Afifti    »l^t    l^^4    fr*|UjU     iluS    t>A    do* 


ffoibed  ^lory  of  fk%  whofi  tb©  j^rasse? 
take  tbctr  humble  ru&set  girb,  ind  the 
ttiftple  wcJirs  itn  *'  gtirgeona  enmson  robe 
like  an  Orientd  monirch/*  For  Icft'res 
also  change — some  only  is  the  ermine 
whitening  m  the  cold  seison,  or  as  birds 
who  chuifs  their  plumage  in  winter; 
such  are  the  evergreens ;  others  diange  to 
Uve  no  more ;  as  mnn  does,  before  he  alw 
retumi,  dust  to  dust.  Their  hrijrbt  green 
grows  ptt!e.  their  rfgor  decllncH,  their  del** 
cate  tracery,  that  bad  go  often  made  tis 
marre!  and  worship  the.  hand  tlmt  made 
them,  is  effftced,  and  no  longer  Pf?rves  to 
ptss  the  lifeblood  of  the  tree*  Then  they 
shrink  and  shrirel,  iboy  flutter  awhile 
anxiously  on  their  tender  leafstalka,  as  if 
reluctant  to  leave  thejr  sweet  snmmep 
home,  and  then  comes  the  rude  boii^tcrous 
gale^  and  t£4rs  them  for  ever  from  the 
parent  tree.  **  The  bare  skeleton  of  the 
tree  tjccomes  trinspirent,  rtsinp  in  spec- 
tral grandeur,  m  it  stretches,  full  of  woa, 
its  bafe  branches  agfttnst  tlic  c^^dd  eveninj^ 
sky,  and  rattles  in  the  iirrce  teinpefit,  A 
new,  ghastly  light  is  shining  tbronjrh  its 
stripped  anatomy,.  And  it  is  a  light,  oti 
with  man — the  name  light  of  heavtjjt. 
which  in  the  waning  lustre  of  life  makei 
his  spirit  become  Jovelicr  ever j  hour,  p?- 
ing  him  a  stiblimer  fsiitlk  a  bngbtcr  hope, 
a  kindlier  sympathy,  a  gentler  resignji- 
tion.  Like  the  autunm  leaf,  he  also  g}mv^ 
into  decay,  and  kindloH  into  ilt-atli.  'Hie 
Bun  of  another  world,  already  rl^eri  up- 
on hiR  eoulj  though  human  eyes  cannot  wv 
hold  it,  bums  through  the  delimie  tejt- 
ture  of  his  thought.*;,  feelinjj:s  and  desire% 
and  sliines,  already  hcri?  on  eaithT  in  nil 
th*^  r^diatiey  of  truth^  hope  &nfl  pcaac." 

VAficd,  therefore^  as  the.'sr*    "'"^  tinj** 
of  plnnt)^  K  it  hm  Its  flxei  iik 

term.  Not  alt  leaveii  fa)]  al  U;.  ...;,..  :jue. 
The  pi no' tree  keepg  its  leaves  two  or  four 
years  j  the  llr  and  jcpruee  clumge  only 
every  Icn  years;  Rome  tree«  drop  annurnT- 
ly  certain  bmnchet*.  The  dead  foliifc  of 
aome  imkn  clings  to  tbem^  loni;  &fVr  all 
others  have  been  gw«?pt  away,  tmd  the 
yon  Off  elm  waits  all  winter  idid  drop*  not 
a  leaf  until  its  sueeejsor  pusbcjc  it  out  of 
it^  n^i^ting-filace.  Some  fall  to  form  a*ofl 
litter  beneath  ;  others  rtmiain  to  iffortl 
shelter  in  bleak  winter,  But  no  art  of 
man  imn  arrest  the   falhn|?  k'pfwben  it* 

dfir  ^' '    •^^,     Artificial  bi'ttl^  removal  lo 

a  1 1  ate  and  great  cire  may  une- 

e- 1  jing  out   new  crops   Jifmo^i, 

wi  '— hut  the  proccHs  tixliEitHt* 

tin  [ilAnt4  nod  it  di**^  a  prematiifo 

death.  Stiil  even  the  decay c<!  leaf  i^  not 
limt,  U  enricbea  the  toil,  and  fall  pro* 
duoet  9^i»gf  tho  dying  leaves  helping  to 


dft 


A  Bioffrmphy — Part  IL 


[Mj 


bring  forth  the  bright  vcrtlure  of  the  com- 
ing year.  The  generiil  wgnal  for  tho 
gbedding  of  1*?»vl'S  Ils  the  maturity  of  the 
aeed^  that  greatest  purpose  of  the  life  of 
plftnts  otK^  iLCCompJbheii  thej  die,,  or  at 
leasts  rest  for  a  season.  Thus  death  comes 
to  some  after  a  few  days  j  bushes  and  low 
trees  keep  their  seeds  during  the  winter^ 
welcome  food  for  starTing  birds ;  and  the 
huaibk  chickweed  brings  forth  seed  seven 
or  eight  timeia  a  year,  not  i\:?sling  even 
during  winter,  and  keeps  open  table  for 
mimy  a  Liny  wren  or  hungry  sparrow ; 
showing  ua  onoe  more  Providence  so 
much  greater,  as  its  creature  is  feebler. 

This  kind  of  decay  excepted,  plants,  it  is 
though  t^  are  not  subject  to  the  deatruc- 
live  oijeration  of  internal  causes ;  vegeta- 
ble life  succumbs  to  outward  iiifiut'nccs 
only*  The  vitality  of  tret?s  is  certainly 
ftkaost  incredible.  N  o  k  f nd  of  m  u  ti  I  atiou 
am,  apparenlly,  destroy  them.  Who  haa 
not  seen  old  willow  trces^  adhering  but 
with  &  small  portion  of  their  bark,  to  their 
roots,  ftnd  yet  continuing  to  live  and  to 
perform  their  duty  ?  How  beautifully 
does  not  the  chestnut  of  our  own  noble 
forests  send  out  a  crown  of  young  shoots 
to  hide  the  vacaut  ^paco  where  once  it 
reared  its  mighty  gtem  ?  The  whole  vi- 
tality of  the  inner  wood  raay^  in  fact,  be 
destroyed ;  if  only  some  layers  of  the  bark 
suTYivej  the  tree  will  vegetate  with  undi- 
minished vigor,  and  continue  its  life  for 
an  almost  unlimited  period.  They  will^ 
in  very  old  age,  lose  some  of  their  height 
by  decay  at  the  top,  for  it  seems  as  if  the 
sap  could  no  longer  ascend  the  whole 
height  from  the  deeply  buried  roots  to  the 
lofty  crown,  but  they  continue  stiU  to  in- 
crease in  girth*  and  patiently  wait  for  the 
stroke  of  the  axe  or  the  fierce  rage  of  the 
temj^cfit.  Thus  it  is  that  England  boasts 
of  many  a  yew  or  an  oak  tree,  that  has 
survived  the  massive  church,  by  the  side 
of  which  it  was  planted  j  and^  spring  after 
spring  J  yet  shelters  the  ruins  of  its  once 
so  proud  companion,  with  its  dark,  rc- 
fireshini  verdure.  The  tender  leaf  even 
resists  m  its  fragile  texturOj  the  winds  and 
rains,  the  burning  sun  and  the  nipping 
cold  of  a  whole  season h  Greek  and  Bo- 
man  sepulchres^  stately  palaces  and  lofty 
monumeuLs  over  the  graves  of  the  great 
and  the  renowned,  have  dlsappCM^  ; 
nolhiDg  is  led  to  mark  the  place  where 
they  once  stood,  but  the  dark  cypresses 
that  saw  them  rise,  and  overshadowed 
ihem  for  age& 

But  even  after  death,  plants  live  on,  as 
it  wer^  and  are  useful  to  man.  Vast 
tracts  of  heatK,  covering  large,  low  basins^ 
^nd  formod  by  the  annual  accumulation 


of  vegetable  iuatt(?r,  which  in  water  be* 
comes  to  a  certain  decree  djeeom posed  or 
carbonij.ed,  finally  pn>ducc  those  Jjlack- 
ened  remains  of  plants  which  we  c^dl 
peat 

Or  extensive  forests,  covering  viilbys, 
and  hillsides,  are  o ver flood ed,  and  the  up- 
rooted trees  form  a  gigantic  barrier,  which 
previints  the  flowing  off  of  the  waters. 
An  extensive  marsh  is  foruied^  particular- 
ly well  adapted  for  the  growth  of  various 
kinds  of  mosses-  As  they  perish  they 
are  succeeded  by  others,  and  so  for  gene- 
rations in  unceasing  life  and  labor,  unttlj 
in  the  course  of  time,  the  bottom,  under 
the  influence  of  decay  imd  the  presssure 
from  above,  becomes  turf.  Far  below 
Jbs  hard  coal 5  the  upper  part  is  light  and 
spongy.  At  various  depths,  but  some- 
times  as  much  as  twenty  feet  below  the 
surfa^ie,  an  abundance  of  bogwood  is  found, 
consisting  mostly  of  oak,  bard  ajid  bla^k 
as  ebony  J  or  of  the  rich  chocolate  colored 
wood  of  the  yew.  Such  ancient  fortes ts 
eveiy  now  and  then  rise  in  awe- inspiring 
majesty  from  their  grave.  The  whole 
city  of  Hamburg,  its  harbor,  and  broad 
tracts  of  land  around  it,  rests  upon  a 
sunken  forest^  which  is  now  buried  at  aa 
immense  depth  below  the  surface.  It 
contains  mostly  limes  and  oaks^  but  must 
also  have  abounded  with  hazel-woodsj  for 
thousands  of  ba%e!<nuts  are  brought  to 
light  by  every  exeavation,  not  exactly 
made  for  nuts.  Our  own  city  of  New* 
Orleans,  it  has  been  recently  discoveredj 
is  built  upon  the  most  magnifoent  founda- 
tion on  which  city  ever  rose.  It  was  the 
boast  of  Venice,  that  her  marble  palaces 
rested  in  the  waters  of  the  •idriatic  on 
piles  of  costly  wood,  which  now  serve  to 
pay  the  debts  of  her  degeuerale  sons,  but 
our  Venice  has  not  less  than  three  tiers 
of  gigantic  trees  beneath  it.  They  all 
stand  uprigEt,  one  upon  another,  with 
their  roots  spread  out  as  they  grew,  and 
the  great  Sir  Charles  Ijyell  expresses  his 
Wid'  that  It  roust  have  taken  at  least 
eighteen  Tiundred  3*eaj-s  to  fill  up  the 
chasm,  since  one  tier  had  to  rot  away  to 
a  level  with  the  bottom  of  the  swamp  be- 
fore the  upper  tier  could  grow  on  it  \ 

But  thcTe  is  stiU  another  v^table 
world  buried  l»encath  our  feet.  For  the 
trees  of  so-called  prinjcval  forests,  bt^lo ag- 
ing to  a  period  of  hoary  antiquity,  and  far 
surpassing  in  exuberance  the  rankest 
tropical  jungles  of  our  day,  have  not.  like 
modem  woods,  undergt»ne  decay,  but  are 
treoBured  up  in  subturraniian  houses 
There  they  were   t:  <  1  into  ^a^t 

enduring  beds  of  cci:l  ij  thei^o  lat- 

ter agea  has  become  i^  luaa  um  source  of 


A  Bio^mph^ — Pari  IL 


8T 


Kml 


of  beAi,  ftnd  w««Uh.      Alwmi  all 
mn  iriffHitk!  fbm-treea,  such 
ail  III*  wnr!'!    '  -  -  Ujr  knows  no  raore  j 
A  fcrv  are  ^  -  >  ^i-mo»s«<«  of  e(| uall j 

L.itvc«  AT»d  twigs  rest 
i  mother*  but  often  entire 
I  jtfttfurinL-  liprin^bt^  forty  to 
iOl'Iboi  bigh,  H  '>dr  FCK»ts  tind 

InttdlM,  droikd  t  of  timea  be- 

fOVJ  tho  m«ixiory  of  luan. 

T1iii»  w«  mny  trace  ih4<  biography  of 
fk^tm  tlirou^i  tbcMr  oltJ^n  brt«f  but  il- 
ir«y»  ef ttiUitl  life,  fmin  tho  flrst  iippeJir> 
tQOP  of  %  email  mteroficopic  eel!  to  their 
lul  liarjiii|$*fitic«  micler  our  teei^  throutrh 
ifl  ihm  gkifiei  and  delkaeies  of  vej^tablu 
1%  ^r^yn-*^  with  the  sofkncd  juid  dc* 
oijtti  pnn,  and  tfiilin^  vnih  the  f^D^il 
omL  Wo  me  that  e^h  pi  an  I  has  a  lifo 
of  iii  ^vn.  lliat  tber«  dwelU  slill  m  each 
tiw  ^  llryac]  who  watchcn  orcr  it  and  ^ 
Hji  gftjwth,  or  sighs  her  lant 
I H  dic«*  Wtf  obw'rve  ih«  l>eatjtiful 
Uiiit  F.\i  t^  l^etwecu  all  their 
mrtB  aaid  V-  it  mrtoiinds  them, 

tioirliie  fi  I  th€oi»?lTe>?  to  the 

iiiih  oa  wl  tow;  whtle  the  stom 

pim  wilh  ^  1)  of  air  that  comes 

wt  ijiciw  Dot  whciicr.  The  Itaves  breathe 
tfat  water  of  riTurm  aod  af  the  atmo^^phere, 
rite  tm  QolbldA  bud  and  flower,  &nd  the 
wai  al  laai  oouiwcU  thn  pilant  ooce  moro 
witll  Iti  Aatum  homo,  an  eloquent  witnes.'^ 
if  aor  awn  blei^ed  tnitnort^lity.  But 
\  ia  no  moDiimcnt  Kei  by  thtnr  grave 
baw  th«y  lircfl  ami  what  they 
Vet,  they  had  thoir  dtitics  ta 
and  fatthfutfy  havg  thc^y  dono 
W«U  may  m^  tboti  in  conclusion 
for  w||at  purpose  docs  the  plant 
f  up,  the  Boi]  rrT*i  tind  nourish  i^  and 

^•athiry  lun  fifceiiJiitiefl 

^faaaiad  bw'i.  lii^v  nourish  man^s 
bodgr  m  haaJtb,  tJicv  rv^torr^  him  in  tiit^k^ 
■■»;   tliej  civv  '^  that 

«»««» turn,  t&a  i^ht 

yaaja^MMl  lb*  v^^^^^  r^tw^^  l  ..v>U  his 
mam*i  tbatimhar  of  which  hm  lionsvsL, 
bii  fectoKi^bia  iblpa  ir«  partly  or  whol* 
fy  omaifiMlMi  aU  thaiw  af«  but  a  few 
^Iba  mmf  beueibi  which  tha  Yi^gctAble 
warbl  omrera  itpcm  matu  VV^bervv^r  we 
iarfiy  wa  iae  m  It  our  i;riaat  ii*M)Uf€Q| 
ifw  aor  ladroada  aivl  our  mmtH  could 
■al  aiii*  woa  wa  not  ituuttuni  uf  fon^sts. 
Wa  wonbl  aueoiimb  to  the  cuUl  i.«f  winter, 
tei  tlttC  tiaeatiifa  ntitritjnim  otdy  by  the 
tiA  of  llw,  \      '  be  power 

r  11  land  to 

OlVT  iiic  rtn»ii'i  <w  •  iin,   jf  WO  had 

nta  farj  dpilrtirtkm  of  plaut* 


f  for  their 


the  wisdom  lUid  forethought  of  the  Ci^ 
tor  is  in  this  alno  munifr.-^t,  that,  whilst 
plants  ini^eist  and  ornament  the  earthy  ani- 
mals browse  and  trim  them  to  ch«^k  their 
luxuriance,  so  as  to  mdntain  the  whole 
fiystcm  of  creation  in  order  und  l*eaiitf. 
And  yet  this  is  but  tho  huuibleitt  purpoaa 
that  plants  serrq  on  earth— the  humblest 
because  it  onlj  sadafles  material  require 
men'tfi,  however  we  ourselTes  may  ha?e 
reflned  and  Tarnished  them  oTor.  Only 
in  one  point  of  ?iew  does  this  important 
end  of  their  existence  obtain  a  higher 
value* 

It  is  true,  plants  are  there  for  man,  for 
the  countless  poor,  and  God  said :  Thou 
Shalt  eat  the  herb  of  the  field.  But  the 
very  curse  of  th«  Aimighty  has  since  Ijecn 
turned  into  a  blessing  from  oJjove.  If  ho 
does  labor  in  the  swuzt  of  his  brow,  to 
eat  the  herb  of  the  field— how  .ibundanl- 
ly  m  he  rewarded  !  Of  a  mere  thorn  ho 
has  ma/le,  as  if  by  enchant inmt.  the  beau- 
tiful and  fragrant  rose.  Before  he  thus 
labored,  the  gli? e  was  dry  «nd  oSensiTef 
tho  peach  bitter,  the  pear*had  but  a  hard, 
woody  fleahj  and  the  apple-tree  was  full 
of  thorns^  Man  labori^  &ud  the  thorns 
fell,  the  rose  doubled  and  trebled  its  bril- 
liant crown,  the  |M*aeh  and  the  pou-  fill&d 
with  perfumed  juice,  the  oli?e  liist  its  bit- 
terness, and  the  wild  msHa  wore  qonTert- 
ed  into  waring  fields  of  life-<^ustalEking 
grain.  The  induence  which  the  reget^ 
ble  werld  thus  exerdscs  on  the  oiritita- 
tion  of  man,  is  at  jet  but  little  noticed, 
only  in  the  great  outline  has  it  been  ob- 
served, that  wherever  tho  spontaneous 
productbns  of  the  earth  supply  him  wiUi 
Ibod^  he  is  completejy  tavage-^only  a  de- 
gree  farther  advanced  where  he  plants  the 
palm  and  the  banana— but  where  ^rain  Ja 
nii^  principal  support  industry  and  intel- 
ligence are  most  perfectly  developed,  as 
in  the  temperate  £One^  li  is  thu^^  shown 
us,  that  the  rich  heir  m  not  the  happieHt^ 
but  that  the  child  of  the  poor  man,  gifted 
with  industry  and  indomitAblo  will,  haa 
far  more  power  over  prosperity. 

Modem  soicnee  has  taught  us,  of  UUl  a 
hig^her  duty  and  a  nohler  nurposa  for 
which  the  pilant  Hres,  Worfcing  in 
masiea  they  r^nlate  the  nutnerotia  and 
QQiaprehetiaive  |»hy  steal  firoeesaes  of  lb« 
earth.  Theirs  la  the  duty  to  ke«p  tba 
atmo8{)hera  dij  or  rooititt  &.*  may  Dt  m^ 
qtiirod.  On  tbem  depends  tlie  warmth  or 
the  coldoan  and  the  fertility  of  our  soil ; 
they  oltor  th<»  dimati,  change  thu  oourat 
of  local  wbd%  inereaao  or  diminish  tha 
ouantity  of  raln^  an  ^  '^  the  rifor  of 
the  ieaaonji.     It  i^  ^  that  wbola 


I  fbr      ooantriea   and 


to 


88 


A  Biegra^y-^Part  IL 


[Jtily 


plMits  for  their  sole  isupport,  or  thftt  the 
life  of  (entire  natioDis  is  bound  up  with 
ihftt  of  «  single  tree,  Uke  the  Mauritius 
pahui  but  wl^le  nces  of  men,  thi^ugh 
numberless  gcoeratious,  ein  Ut©  only 
where  it  pleases,  under  Proridencc,  cer- 
tain planU  lo  g^w  and  to  prosper- 

Bj  far  the  noblest  and  most  exalted 
purpose  for  which  planU  live  is,  howeverj 
to  iMlom  the  suHkce  of  our  beautiful  earthy 
and  thus  to  mate  irwuiifest  to  us,  in  their 
very  existence,  and  in  al!  their  thousand 
wonders,  tho  Ajniighty  Creator  of  heaven 
and  eartk  It  is  in  tliis  aspect  only  that 
plants,  the  tj^pca  of  nature^  acquire  their 
highest  signtftcanoe.  They  boeomo  thenj 
Itot  our  fri^nd^  and  supporters  only^  but 
our  kindly  teachers  also.  Whether  we 
look  down  u{>on  soft  mosses  that  creep 
over  the  rugged  rock,  and  the  humble 
lichens  wcejiing  with  slow  oozing,  or  gaze 
up  at  the  giant  tree  of  Uie  forest,  every 
wher«  our  tniod  is  lifted  up,  in  awe  and 
wonder,  to  that  Intelligence  which  watches 
over  the  destinies  of  the  universe,  and 
gives  us  here  already  a  faint  climpse  of 
the  great  plan  of  creation  and  its  great 
author. 

Clearly^  however,  as  we  all  feel  the  im* 
presaions  which  the  vegetable  world,  and 
oipecmlly  ttie  consciouBness  of  thetr  Ktill, 
uncling  life  iod  labor  produces  upon 
our  mini^  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  ex- 
pUm  the  causes,  or  even  to  determine  and 
express  them  in  words,  clearly  and  di^ 
tinJetty.  The  mere  farmer,  it  is  true,  sees 
nothing  but  tons  of  hay  in  a  fiowery 
meidoWi  and  m  many  bushels  of  wheat 
m  ft  glorious  field  of  golden  grain^tho 
m^estic  fores U  repre^nt  to<  hixn  but  so 
many  cords  of  wood,  and  the  broad- 
branched  elm,  in  all  its  lovely  beauty, 
shades  his  land,  and  is  a  nuisance.  On 
the  other  hand^  we  know  that  it  is  not 
the  refined  mind  and  the  most  fastidious 
taste  that  enjoys  the  beauties  of  the  vege- 
table world  most  and  best*  The  humble 
men  of  St.  Kilda,  we  are  told^  who  went 
to  pay  their  duty  to  their  Lord  in  the 
**lar  southern"  island  of  Skye,  could 
hardly  proceed  on  their  journey,  because 
"the  trees — fsuch  beautiful  thinp  they 
had  never  seen  even  in  their  dreams — the 
trees  kept  pulling  them  back."  It  is, 
moreover,  evidently  not  the  mere  ma.^  of 
foliage^  nor  the  depth  and  variety  of  color 
that  affects  our  senses,  but  the  almof^t 
unperoeptible  and  uncomsdous  effect  of  all 
these  elements  together  on  our  sou!.  The 
roae  doe^  not  pleajjc  us  merely  because  of 
its  lender  glow  and  delicate  hue^  but  he« 
c^uiu  our  imaginatjpu  connects  with  it 
the  idea  of  blooming  youth ,  and  a  thou* 


sand  other  ima^s  float  around  this*  Th© 
landscape,  with  its  various  parts  and  beau- 
ties, acts  upon  manj  upon  his  tone  of 
mind,  and  thus  imperceptiblv  upon  hij 
entire  inward  development  Ilow  differ- 
ent must  needs  be  the  idea  of  the  world 
to  him  who  obtained  his  first  impressions 
from  the  solemn^  evergreen  pne  woods 
of  the  Norths  overshadowing  or  bordOTing 
upon  deep  blue  lakes  and  vast  granrto- 
strewn  plains,  and  to  the  happier  uianj 
whose  early  days  passed  under  the  bright 
leaf  of  the  myrtle  and  the  fragri*nt  laureL 
reflecting  the  serene  sky  of  the  8outh! 
Even  in  the  same  lan<!,  how  dilTerently  is 
the  mind  afiected  by  the  dark  shade  of  a 
beech wood^  the  strange  sight  of  a  few 
scattered  pines  on  a  lonely  hill,  sighing 
sadly  in  the  fitful  gusts  of  wind^  or  of 
broadn,  green  pasture-laods.  where  the 
breoKe  rustles  gtently  through  the  tremb- 
ling foliage  of  birches.  Our  hearts  beat 
gladly  and  joyously  when  fields  of  flowers 
are  lighted  up  in  bright  sunshine;  our 
spirits  droop  when  we  sec  them  look  sad 
and  forlorn  on  a  rainy,  melancholj  day,  . 
Peace  and  quiet  happiness  teaeh  their  gen- 
tle lessons  to  him  who  dwells  in  fertile 
valleys,  with  velvet  lawns  on  their  bot- 
tom, and  the  sides  tufted  with  the  asbj 
the  cheerful  beech  or  the  feathery  junijwr, 
shaded,  it  may  be,  by  the  soft  dark  ver- 
dure of  ancient  yew-trees^  whose  venera- 
ble trunks  wctg  slender  saplings  in  the 
age  when  Druids  worshipped  there.  Iden 
live  not  so  on  the  boundless  praine,  whcro 
the  wolf  chases  the  swift  crane,  where 
cloud  races  after  cloud,  and  the  white 
man  wages  war  against  the  red  man. 
Free  and  bold,  beyond  all  other^^  brcatbtiis 
the  mountaineer,  bred  in  the  fieroOj  mces- 
sant  warfare  with  the  rigor  of  Alpine  win^ 
ters  and  the  dangers  of  the  chamois  hunt  ^ 
defying  all  earthly  power,  he  looks  down 
from  hh  lody  home,  proud  that  Liberty 
dwells  on  mountain  heights,  and  that  the 
foul  breath  of  the  grave  does  not  reach  up 
into  the  clear  blue  ether  ai'Ound  him« 

The  cficct  is  ss  varied  when  we  take 
not  the  whole  vast  scenery  of  a  landscape, 
but  its  more  isolated  parts.  Few  will 
look  ujjon  the  ine liable  beauty  and  sweet* 
ness  of  flowers,  that  rich  jewelry  with 
which  heaven  has  adorned  the  bosom  of 
our  mother  earth,  without  feelings  of  ele- 
vating and  refining  delight*  To  him  who 
observes,  not  with  his  eyes  only,  but  with 
his  mind  intent^  his  heart  idlxe^  there  ts 
no  resisting  their  unconscious  unfold iug^ 
their  peaceful,  childliko  trfi\  ilieir  gentle^ 
resigned  and  hopeful  drooping*  Who  has 
not  in  his  life  also  some  days  of  gay  and 
sunny  spdngj  when  he  loved  to  look  upon 


1651] 


A  Mkgraphf—Ba^i  IZ 


hm^&M  M  i^car  to  him^  f^Il  of  hope?  and 
kit,  vbfiQ  hn  fell  for  them  zmd  with 
teiB*  w  ih«jr  iroulii  evvj-  look  fo&dJr  uji^ 
vinl  to  tlio  detf,  blue  heaven  nbaTC, 
HiliBf  «>ii  the  imn  ih-*  -^--ml  them^ 
liam^ltglilljr  (rDm  t'  :  uii,  nvTi<r 

Mliflg  tt|i   ihnkr  bea;,. .  >vr««t  fT«< 

paMO$f  mn  ia  pvn  it  forth  again  k^  day 
waU  min  nvtn  hrightlir  rti^^  Oh,  w^U 
te  it  l«Mi  laitl  that  i^acb  cu|)  of  a  dower 
li  m  pulpit.  9TTf^  r:irh  leftf  n  book  from 


w  and  f> 
tj  toaUon^l  Li^ 
if  IW  fiW'th. 


the  wisdom,  good- 
i  ^v  ho  has  so  lavish* 
orvT  111©  face 

1  rmi  look  up  t^ 

'    .^1  leafy 
it«  roots 


ondt 

■ittB  tinn  runri  <hij  hhi  oi  aik'  und  Tigpr. 
iril^Mt  Mmg  himwLf  lifted  up  uilb  iti 
IJIpttdb  llcmQCm  lo  h- '^"-  '^- 'ip^hts  aud 
fmmr  fctltngy,     W«  r.  uHth  the 

«liid  Syfim, who  wt]/  ,  , .,  J ardiu  des 
PinfeB  «a«l  thiir^  ''dipped  \m  country's 
tfia  aiwi  wr{kL"  And  »«  Ihe  sc&Iding 
•iWi  tfiekM  down  the  ruj^gt'd  ehoek^  he 
«ia  HOOT  more  a  irstiderer  rn  tho  dt^sortj 
lal  «npi  Euoh?  he  hrcathof),  itcroia  thi» 
twy  MOd,  the  perfume  from  the  thicket 
Ifpinif  on  hi^  promSst^  laud ;  afain  ho 
••ir  afcr  vHt  th«  palm-tree,  creitiog  orcr 
ihm  ImhIv.  htill  watcTA.  Mid  heaH  tho 
lAntfoit  tmktv  of  thc^  dktnn^  eflioeFg  bell 
uaifl  bifi  tears  were  dtkd^  hojic  ag%\n 
ItfEfiad.  and  frc^h  m^  ^M  (.■mi>tiuti^  roso 
•iliiiliig  antslhrii- '^  "  "  ^"  ''  ^^  are 
luiiOiMi  litmmn  - 1  tl  y 

Bttt  Ifws  apeak  to  ub:  ''Do  not  trees 
\a3k  vHh  Ihtir  Tiuifv  Iuhl^^?  Do  tliny  not 
•If^wiiie,  -i  Uyvf  anQ  tho 

IMaarecu'^  ^igs.  play  sweet 

mamct     Wha  htm  t^vtr  lu^ard    Uw  soil 
wiaqpcr  of  jr^u^  J«iv»*^  In  spritm^  on  m  , 
wmmj  oianiini,  '  nat  feel  &»  if 

liiBbaer  bcanu  o:  were  rutinlr^ 

llirom;!!  Ilia  heirt  i  luvi  ih*m.  when  tho 
mmaaim  0otf,  hke  a  nun  U4.>tv  GwVa 
IttK"  war,  diackMea  her  licAuteoikg  hca 
mm  CiMf  moM  rawa  often  tht'ir  cnmson 
Mpsi  ipaHrlh^  villi  MCttf  thit  fell  from 
kmfiaL  wlka  mi  not  bk«x  hk  Makar  ?<— 
wA  nm  aatmnii  comc^  tho  seasou  of 
tilt  aEfB  e^  jcl}ow  \itikt  wbea  wheat  ta 
aiiifloldea  firttu*  »ri<T  Uio  00m  wafes 
Itodni  tSMeUi  nited  atr  H-ho 

•  nvl  rtaiiidBd  <.H  '  r  dmth  7  '^ 

As  wwwrj  mtiMm  kma  iin  otrn  Ume  and 
llivn.  Ml  ffTurv  Hon  and  t^wnfj  VAn«- 
ly  lia«  lifc  peculiar  echo  in  t!j43  heart  of 
mmA*  VlMrwtmnmg,  hk«  muxif^,  with  mil 
Iba  fiiiD>ii9  irmii*  of  thought  uml  iina^eii 
ifftjiCf«wiU»  nrety  cumicivaU**  Mateof 
■iod,  piaala  and  groupa  of  plaiita  efir 


awalteTi  kindred  feelings.  Thero  b  a 
uijsttHouA  affinitj  between  human  cojh 
icrbusDe8^8  and  outvrard  naUire,  but  atill 
more  tiiysU>rit>U8  i^  the  Taried  nuiniier  in 
which  this  relfltjon  m  modified  by  indi- 
vidual feeling-  The  waring  cornfield  has 
ita  beauties,  and  *o  have  long  avenues  of 
popliu^  with  vinta  hanging  in  rich  fes- 
toons from  tre<?  to  tree.  Plains  crjverof! 
with  orange  groTei  and  broken  in  by  fer- 
tib  slopes  and  yin«yartl&r  di'nse  forosU  ofgi- 
ganticMid  primeTa]  growth  swurniing  with 
every  variety  of  animal  juid  ve^etahl^^  Nfe, 
these  and  countless  other  sdent?s  find  each 
iU  response  in  somo  train  of  human  emo- 
tions and  affections,  which,  like  the  lyre  of 
Timotheu&.they  by  turn f^ excite  and  soothe. 
Each  tree  that  we  know  has  ita  own  ex- 
presHion ;  it  has  witoes^sed  our  joy  or  our 
grief,  and  wherever  it  meets  our  eye,  it 
seems  to  murmur  responses.  So  it  js 
with  larger  groups.  Here  we  see  vaal 
prairies  with  gently  waving  floodjs  of  tip- 
dure^  full  of  gra^  and  cheerful nei^s,  thtna 
long  sombre  porticoes  of  gnarled  oldstema, 
fi  tan  ding,  as  the  eeilarM  uf  I^banon,  like 
massjTepillarSj  supporting  Jheir  ponderous 
domes.  Beautiful  Tme%  w»th  their  ahort- 
lived  flowers  and  hidden  hut  permanent 
thorns^  remind  us  of  earthly  pleiuiares — a 
fores tj  with  its  sUent  temple  of  foliagej 
raised  through  centuries  on  gigantie 
trunks^  high  above  man  and  full  of  peace 
and  mme^ty,  Gila  us  with  nOic^^oug  awe^ 
and  makes  us  bow  low  and  reverently 
before  iht^SQ  vbible  tokens  of  the  Creator  J 
Rtiblime  power*  Even  the  humblcat  of 
flowera  bring  with  their  sweet  perfume 
rieh  blea^ngs  to  the  heart  of  him  whofit 
hand  tendn  them  with  care.  Where  a 
flower  opens  its  qtiiet,  chi Id-tike  eyes  upoa 
us,  our  passions  fly  like  evil  AfMrita^  and 
he  who  delights  in  the  stilly  hiimh!e  growth 
of  delicate  plants^  is  not  apt  to  harbor 
coar^  tbought?^  or  fierce  fecbngK,  tn  the 
house  around  which  we  see  a  tidy,  well* 
kept  garden,  order  and  lieaco  are  apt  to 
prevail,  and  where  there  is  a  tlower*«taiid 
outside,  there  is  ahnost  always  a  hook* 
ahelf  within. 

In  his  joy  and  in  hifl  sorrow,  therefore, 
man  loves  to  surround  himself  with  plauli 
and  flowers*  He  crowoa  the  bride  with 
«weet  myrtlo  or  the  pun  ofange  bloBHomf 
the  Itttirel  speak>i  to  hini  of  glory  itnrl  f^ 
nown,  the  piilm-bnindi  of  glorious  hopnf^ 
for  the  future.  Am!  wln-n  the  lovinJ  one 
d(^part«,  ho  tiim»  again  to  the  ftoif^M  fif 
thoeajih  and  tho  tFce«  of  tl  ri» 

prieve  with  him  and  to  give  c  \m 

Kin  sorrow.  Froui  thu  Sk>ulh  Sea  to  um  tcy 
Norths  from  Eajit  to  West,  grief  finda  the 
iame  simple    but    touching  espienioTi* 


90 


A  Biography — Part  IL 


[July 


The  mourning  peasant  of  Normandy 
burns  the  lowly  straw  bed  on  which  his 
friend  expired  before  his  hut,  and  the 
round  black  spot,  as  it  contrasts  with  the 
green  turf  by  its  side,  remains  long  an 
humble  but  eloquent  epitaph  of  him  who 
left  no  other  record  behind.  In  peaceful 
villages  we  see  neither  gorgeous  monu- 
ments, nor  lofty  trees  rising  in  honor  of 
the  dead — and,  we  fear,  as  frequently  in 
praise  of  the  living — but,  sweeter  far,  the 
graves  are  covert  with  green  sod  or 
humble  flowers.  "We  adorn  graves," 
says  gentle  Eveljm,  "with  flowers  and 
redolent  plants,  just  emblems  of  the  life 
of  man,  which  has  been  compared  in  Holy 
Scripture  to  those  fading  beauties,  whose 
roots  being  buried  in  dishonor,  rise  again 
in  glory." 

The  Japanese  deck  with  flowers  their 
"  eternal  mansion,"  and  the  Turks  perfo- 
rate the  monumental  slabs  spread  on  those 
who  shall  be  seen  no  more,  in  order  that 
a  naturalgrowth  of  bloom  shall  spring  up 
through  the  apertures,  and  that  the  buds, 
so  nourished  by  the  grave,  and  set  free  to 
the  winds  of  heaven,  shall  shed  their  fra- 
grance and  strew  their  petals  around  the 
Moslem's  "city  of  silence."  The  West- 
em  traveller  gazes  with  deep  sympathy 
upon  the  grave  of  the  Chinese ;  it  is  a 
simple,  conical  mound  of  earth,  but  over 
it  spread  and  twine  wild  roses  and  cover 
it  with  a  mass  of  pure  white  blossoms,  or 
it  is  crowned,  in  simple  majesty,  with  a 
tall  plant  of  waving  grass.  Our  cities, 
also,  now  love  to  bury  their  dead  where 
woods  unfold  their  massive  foliage  and 
breathe  an  air  of  heaven;  their  better 
taste  has  made  the  green  grove  and  the 
velvet  lawn  sacred  to  the  memory  of 
those  that  are  gone  to  the  realms  of 
peace. 

And  what  eloquent  mourners  are  not 
trees!  The  dense  cone  of  the  cypress 
overshadows  mournfully  the  Moslem's 
tomb,  with  its  sculptured  turban,  and  the 


terebinth  keeps  watch  by  the  Armenian's 
grave.  Some  nations  love  to  weep  with 
the  weeping  birch,  that  most  beautiful  of 
forest  trees,  the  lady  of  the  woods,  with 
boughs  so  pendulous  and  fair,  or  with  the 
willow  of  Babylon,  on  whose  branches 
the  captive  Israelites  hung  up  their  harps. 
They  love  to  look  upon  their  long,  thin 
leaves  and  branches,  as  they  hang  lan- 
guidly down  to  the  ground,  or  trail  list- 
lessly on  the  dark  waters,  now  waving 
full  of  sadness  in  the  sighing  breeze,  and 
now  floating  in  abandoned  despair  on  the 
silent  waves.  Their  whole  dishevelled 
and  disheartened  aspect  seems  to  deplore 
some  great  misfortune,  and  we  can  &ncy 
poor  Desdemona  singing  how 

**Tbe  poor  soul  Mt  sighing  hj  a  syoamore  tm^ 
8ing  all  a  green  willow, 
Her  hand  on  her  bosom,  ber  head  on  her  knee, 
The  ft-esb  streams  ran  by  her  and  nonnored  lier 

moans, 
Her  salt  tears  fell  ft-om  bcr  and  softened  the  stnaei^ 
81ng  all  a  green  wUIow  most  be  my  garland," 

for  Desdemona  also  had  a  song  of  a  wil- 
low, and  she  died  singing  the  song  of  the 
willow. 

Other  nations  again  love  not  trees  that 
seem  to  unite  in  sorrow  with  the  earth 
and  to  carry  our  regrets  to  the  dust,  but 
rather  cherish  such  as  seem  to  lift  up  our 
hearts  in  their  branches,  and  to  raise  onr 
hopes  to  heaven.  Such  are  the  mountain 
cypress,  the  lofty  poplar  and  the  sombre 
pine  of  the  North.  The  latter,  especially, 
with  their  dark  but  evergreen  foliage, 
their  balsaanic  fragrance,  the  strange  «ia 
sighs  that  are  ever  heard  in  their  long 
boughs,  and  their  lofty  crowns,  reaching 
to  the  very  clouds,  which  successive  sea- 
sons find'  unchanged,  and  nothing  bat 
death  causes  to  vary,  remind  us  of  the 
only  source  from  whence  comfort  comes 
for  our  wounded  hearts,  and  lift  up  our 
eye  and  our  heart  to  that  God  who  gives 
death  and  gives  life  again  to  those  that 
fear  Him. 


ti$44 


91 


NOTKS   FEOM  MY  KKAPSACK. 


(OoQttiiti«4  Hoco  pttf»  iu.) 


W^ 


i'HEN  w*  kfl  the  cwnp  th^  dciist*  va- 
*  por  litif  gvd  ufl  bo  clo«v{y  m  to  escetudc 
tiw  BMiBUiDS  from  our  view,  nnd  the 
|nip«et  of  mia  cftmud  m  unu^iiml  dis- 
■lij  flC  ien^  or  hl«iiket«*  Ttjc  omens, 
fciirf  cr-  w«f»  oat  ▼eriAc^i  luui  %\w  c&uopy 
«f  il0«dfimf*d  A  TJkT^  UiXMT^^  on  the 
«ifdi.  Tm  oou&try  trnvrrsod  is  rollini; 
mA  flvik,  mod  rs  if  jyst  from  ihc  H&nd 
«C  tki  CiiAtor,  uniK»rr««l  by  Uie  plough- 
dbiTi*  Ateic  tb«  ro«d  l&rge  m»«8e8  oC 
Iptedis  lit  pKbddinf  stotiJC.  were  observed  ; 
Ubii  itfiBftimi  being  probably  tjitderlaid, 
m  h  ittCiffWl  frum  oocMioniil  cruppings 
«a  bf  tJis  red  6&iidAtol^«.  A  few  sped- 
MBi  of  jtnwr  were  tXsa  noticed,  but 
^irf  v«r»  or  it»  TAlye  except  perhups  as 

Osr  BBarcfa  t^ydtj  was  relieved  soldo- 
wte  frooi  (t»  finliiiary  Mepiildiml  ch&roc- 
l«r«  bf  qaw^iif  •ercfml  |«rtics  of  Mcxioiti 
trwkm.  Tbe  first  tme  ctmdsied  o(  m 
HBibir  irf'  cftrU  loaded  wUi  flour^  and 
bvsid  iir  Sttia  Ro»a«  The  fat  Iter  of  one 
if  te  ftten  in  this  ptrty  w&a  oaptiired  list 

f«n«  bjr  the  tolminsmg j 

lb»  aMona  betq^  on  nk  wny  from  Ssinta 
MoA  to  ntet  hk  lion.    ThLs  v^'uk  (Ir^  ac* 

of  huB>M'ir  \\\u\x  ho  was 
^  bat  tha  saga'  diptor« 

(innei  r  ^  ■ — with- 

out wbidi  Rd  Itesu^^ui  trawl ii — und^iubt^ 
tMm  9wiAmaK  tbai  h<>  wm  «  ftpy.  The 
itbibiibn  t4  Mlental  love  lioitor^,  at  the 
iHrt^  witb  Ilia  iBoti^  was  »tiafictory  e  vc^n 
to  llw  flDld*bftoodi»d  iiienMlitlity  of    our 

^  and  llio  pri^  w»ji  there  (t>fo 
In  a  abfi! ;  rKTwanla 

ber  [iBjrtT  luaded. 

TbiliutfiGikii  tlour  of  f^mmeiTo 
if  «r^intfil)^  mboHod^  and  ujscd  in  this 


^■i^  rsoetit  Ibr  extfm  ooeaAions,  wht<n  it 
•  ffftcd.     It  boot 

ia  Matt  eootaining  mx  arrobajii, 


I  b  put  0|i  for  aak«  and  lrati§- 


^abool  aitM  bfiiitlrvd  and  fifty  fionnds 
«di«  asQd  w&a  sold  at  ibi.t  dollars  the  jiii^k* 
Hhaa  tradcfa  wvr?  tmTnt^rtttit^Yj^  f.>ltowLHi 
Vf  a  amftU  cirmvnr  ji.d 

^Ib  croeberyi  dr  >  or 

batoa.  Ai;.,  from  SaIuUq.  mi- 

mim  viira  almoat  bonis  io  l.  by 

Oav  «Mnaoa»  bofdani^  wkudi  m  K^torml 


imUncefi  had  actuiilly  worn  into  the  bone. 
We  contn bated  somewhat  towards  the 
relief  of  one  of  the  cruelly  loaded  beasts, 
by  the  pnrebasa  of  a  cm  to  of  apples. 

AmonjErst  th©  simnty  vegetation  through 
wliicb  we  passed  on  this  day's  mardi,  the 
nva^ey  (A^ave  Americana)  was  quito 
abundant,  Jt  is  from  this  plant  that  the 
Jfejcicans  extrj^ct  their  pulque,  from  the 
djstillivtion  of  which-  the  gtfnuine  niusail 
ispnxluced.  The  plant  varieB  from  Ijv© 
lo  fifteen  feet  in  height,  and  in  this  ch- 
inat«!  has  no  cUixns  to  centennial  diatinc- 
tion.  as  seTtral  generations  mtiy  llouriih 
during  such  ^  perio«K  At  the  prO|)er  am- 
son  an  incision  is  mailc  aiter  the  tnanner 
of  tapping:  a  nmple  tree^  fmm  which  a 
honey* like  juice  eludes^  winch  continues 
running  for  two  or  three  months.  Allter 
fermentation  tliis  juice  takes  the  name  of 
pulque.  Though  a  very  popular  beve- 
rage among  all  orders  of  Mexicans,  it  is 
at  first  nauseating  and  insipid,  and  uas  a 
taste  somewhat  between  bard  cider  and 
sour  '*  small  bccr.^*  Many  of  the  stalks 
of  the  msi^uey  having  yielded  up  the 
vital  currttfit^  were  dead,  and  numbers 
who  bad  wives  or  who  hoped  to  have 
themr  gmtherod  quanttti^  of  the  se«d, 
which  they  intended  planting  at  homOn 

During  the  march  an  eipress  arrived 
from  a  Senor  Don  [jobo^  who  signed  himself 
chief  of  the  department  of  MonelovSj  brings 
ing  a  protest  against  tbe  advance  of  this 
armyT  ^^  ^  violation  of  the  stipulations 
ajprocl  to  at  Monterey,  It  did  not  appear 
that  tbe  ctimmanding  general  considered 
these ''  paper  pellets''  as  of  very  ftmnidablo 
character,  as  ho  pursued  his  way  with 
provoking  indllferonoe  to  thoir  oonteixts. 
We  reached  a  little  stream  bearing  the 
fioctical  name  of  Ahuf^  ( Bu7.3^ard)f  and 
encamped  about  one  oVlock.  Not  a  slar 
witi  vmblc  at  3|  oVlock  the  ne^t  morn« 
ing,  when  a  blast  from  the  bugler  of  the 
commanding  ^tioral's  tuard  roused  the 
nvu.*ueiAns  of  the  so  vera!  dotachmenCs  to 
the  iH^rp«tr»tion  of  reveille*  Tbt  clouds 
hung  low  and  tbn'at<?uing»  and  the  smoko 
as  it  ro*o  heavily  frf^in  the  camp  ilrtiii, 
mingled  with  the  diunp  and  murky  atmos- 

Ehens  no  a4»  atmo^l  tr>  HiuotlifT  tho  Uamsit 
lay  eamo  on  gloomily,  and  men^s  ooun- 


02 


Notes  /ram  my  Knapsack. 


[July 


tcnances  caught  the  sad  and  sombre 
expression.  The  column  was  put  in  mo- 
tion at  G  o'clock,  and  on  unusual  degree 
of  confusion  was  observable  throughout. 
The  order  of  march  had  been  changed, 
and  every  one  seemed  to  get  into  the 
wrong  place  and  at  the  wrong  time.  All 
parties,  however,  finally  found  the  posi- 
tions assigned  them.  Three  miles  from 
the  Ahura  wo  crossed  the  Gachupina,  a 
little  stream  which  has  its  source  in  the 
mountains  near  it,  bearing  the  same 
name,  and  at  a  distance  of  five  or  six 
miles  farther  the  Pilctos,  flowing  from  the 
same  range.  Several  miles  to  the  right 
of  the  road,  at  the  gorge  through  which  the 
latter  rivulet  finds  its  way,  there  is  a  rancho 
of  considerable  importance  devoted  princi- 
pally to  the  rearing  of  sheep  and  goats. 
After  leaving  the  Piletos  we  met  a  party 
of  traders,  carrying  their  stock  in  carts, 
*  to  'each  of  which  three  or  four  pairs  of 
oxen  were  attached.  The  freight  con- 
sisted of  peas,  beans,  rice  and  dry  goods. 

A  Mexican  cart,  in  rudeness  and  sim- 
plicity of  construction,  rivals  perhaps  any 
vehicle  ever  invented  for  transportation, 
since  the  Jewish  spies  '*came  unto  the 
brook  of  Eshcol  and  cut  down  from 
thence  a  branch  with  one  cluster  of  grapes 
and  bare  it  between  two  upon  a  staSl" 
The  wheel  is  formed  of  five  pieces.  The 
nave  or  hub,  is  part  of  the  centre  slab, 
which  is  rounded  at  both  ends  to  the 
curvature  of  the  wheel.  To  the  straight 
sides  or  edges  of  this  piece,  two  other 
parts  are  added,  and  the  circle  completed 
by  rounding  the  exterior  edges.  These 
three  pieces  are  held  together  by  two  ties 
passing  through  them  on  opposite  sides 
of  the  nave,  and  fastened  by  wooden  pins. 
The  box  consists  of  two  or  three  longitu- 
dinal bars  placed  upon  the  axle-tree,  for 
the  support  of  the  floor,  which,  as  well  as 
the  sides,  is  formed  of  hides,  corn-stalks, 
sugar-cane,  or  any  other  material  that  of- 
fers. The  yoke  and  bows  are  not  used 
with  the  oxen  as  with  us,  but  a  straight 
bar,  with  slight  mdentations  on  the  lower 
side  to  conform  to  the  head  of  the  animal, 
and  lashed  to  the  horns  by  thongs  of  cow- 
hide, is  substituted  therefor.  This  mate- 
rial also  serves  instead  of  a  chain,  to  con- 
nect the  yoke  with,  the  cart.  Iron  forms 
no  part  of  the  arrangement  And  this 
vehicle,  thus  accoutred,  serves  all  the  pur- 
poses in  Mexico  of  flat-boats,  broad-horns, 
canal-boats,  steamers,  "  Canestoga  "  wag- 
ons, rail  cars  and  locomotives. 

The  Lampesis,  about  six  miles  from  the 
Piletos,  is  more  of  a  pool  than  a  stream. 
The  inhabitants,  or  rather  the  guides  and 
travellers,  repreaent  the  water  as  fatal  to 


animals,  and  an  order  was  accordingly 
given  that  horses  and  mules  must  not  t!e 
permitted  to  drink  it.  The  water  emits  a 
strong  sulphurous,  fetid  odor,  and  com- 
bines a  styptic  taste,  with  that  of  sulphur^ 
Up  to  this  stream,  our  route  lay  through 
an  arid,  sterile  waste,  and  nearly  parallel 
to  a  rampart  of  mountains  formed  \jy  the 
Sierra  Gachupina,  whose  sharp  and  rug- 
ged summits  were  veiled  in  clouds 
throughout  the  day.  The  prickly  pear, 
the  chaparro  ceniza.  the  maguey,  the  cha^ 
parrol  and  the  huisachi,  have  monopolized 
the  soil.  The  latter  plant  is  particplarly 
remarkable  for  its  very  deep  green,  luid 
its  sharp  and  numerous  thorns.  After 
crossing  the  Lampesis,  we  entered  upon  a 
narrow  valley,  lying  between  heights  of 
considerable  elevation.  The  Lampesis 
chain  starts  from  near  the  stream,  and 
presents  the  columnar  structure  in  great 
perfection ;  the  Gachupina  rises  less  pre- 
.cipitously  than  the  former,  and  continues 
some  ten  or  twelve  miles  farther,  gradual- 
ly and  gracefully  tapering,  until  it  recedes 
to  the  level  of  the  prairie.  The  head  of 
the  column  reached  this  point,  which  had 
been  selected  for  the  encampment,  about 
3  oVlock ;  the  infantry  assigned  as  guard 
for  the  train,  did  not  arrive  until  after 
sunset  The  objection  to  this  order  of  ar- 
rangements would  be  very  obvious,  if  we 
had  been  traversing  the  country  of  an  en- 
terprising enemy,  and  the  credit  of  the  in- 
vention was  perhaps  due  to , 

who,  it  was  understood,  at  that  time,  con- 
trolled the  details  of  the  march.  The 
train  was  of  great  length,  and  if  attacked 
by  cavalry — as  it  would  have  been  if  at- 
tacked at  all — before  the  escort  could 
reach  the  point  assailed,  irreparable  dam- 
age might  have  been  effected.  The  artil- 
lery and  dragoons  were  in  advance ;  both 
corps  comparatively  helpless  unless  sup- 
ported by  infantry,  and  so  far  removed 
from  each  other  as  to  be  beyond  the 
reach  of  effective  co-operation.  It  was  by 
a  like  faulty  order  of  march,  when  encum- 
bered with  an  unwieldy  train,  that  Da- 
pont  was  cut  to  pieces  in  the  afiair  at 
Baylen.  the  only  purely  Spanish  triumph 
in  the  Peninsular  War. 

Tlie  march  was  one  of  extraordinary 
length  and  corresponding  fatigue.  The 
rofl^  was  thoroughly  cut  up  by  the  horses 
and  carriages  in  front,  and  the  in&ntry 
were  compelled  to  plod  along  in  an  atmos- 
phere almost  stifling,  being  so  saturated 
with  dust,  and  over  hard  gravel  roadfi, 
forming  blisters  at  almost  every  footfall. 
While  thus  coated  with  an  impalpable 
powder,  the  rain  began  to  fall,  conTerting 
It  into  a  beautiful  paste,  and  when  we 


Nhkt /rmm  mf  KnapHitk 


tfttdM  C«lilp^  to-  rented  ft  loco^ 

Molhre  ceologM^'  <  ^f  mh  allu- 

fsL  Wfl,  w«ari*«Jt  ^i-i  ^^^i"»  down  wilh  a 
attck  </  mlKnogt  Uiirty  rhIch,  (Iniv'Kin^ 
ThttmiTu  T  cl<i^,  with  difflcul* 

tj-  over  the  but  few  tarcti  tx> 

■iMi  IIm  lcot»  occcvHj&r^'  to  prok'ct  Ur^tq 
nott  Um  kieniiorthtni  blaala  which  lic- 
Jlirvrfirk  li^ip  ^''«'1'-'«  '^Tnf>Tig  the  hills 
md  t«rof|iiiif  ori  >  =  ^  i  pnit-n  t,  or  Ui 

tmk  til*  p«Mu:.  ri -/  ^>f  (^ri  and 
hMm,  re<|tiii^  to  timku  Ute  dry  h^rd 
itffBd  pdblabli^f  whk'h  ana  the  teTripimg 
vgMPk  Ibr  ft  jioMicr's  supper^  The  com* 
■fnii'^frm  fCP«rmV  >n  ooEsidc^rfttion  of  Uj« 
dftv^  aiaratf  icsierotisTj  jtilii'ved  the  in- 
fbtttty  bom  pimtd  tor  tlic  ni|;ht,  ftnd  each 
B«a  vrmpp^  hiD)^Gl^  m  hi«  blflnkot  to 
ilMfi  M  lyi  one  can  deep,  except  a  iraluti- 
twr  fli  Ilk  first  ofttnfuiign. 

Ww  wenr  enonipdl  rnvt  in  ejit«DiiiTe 
tttante,  Nftriog  the  Tonnickble  tlUo  c»f 
^Ia  BMMdb  de  niieetiti  ^ofl^irft  do  Gns^ 

Mnp§  de  Iw  Ifmiaftnas,"  ^ -  '  *  y  ft 

iMnd  of  Seller  Dot!  Jacop-  Vft- 

nn%  III*  Ijawfboidrr  juia  t,  ..^  of 
Iktflliii  of  COftbctUft,  whose  lordly  po^ 
i^nos  «tt^  fnotn  tlik  point  to  Sal- 

mow 

IW  is^  jell  in  fitful  filiow«rfl  durmg 
Ikt  alriM»  tiifi  ibi  winds  murmured  t 
InihImPiIij  ofer  the  wttary  mod  sleep- 
■f  tildiiri  The  utiweloomft  notes  of 
te  tmiik,  hcMrcTtr,  wcf&  not  permitted 
tediiiurli  llieir  fi  <Fntil  ne&r  the 

biv  *f  nmrisfr— ;  y  understood, 

ibi  era  ime  doL  ti.irk  and  driz^hng 
and*  bang  oTcr  the  Dioutii^mH;  the 
hMii^g  warn  dttk,  md  overcast  with 
tilt  mmm  tud  tiid  du^crl^Bit 
f  vhtQ  renderod  n»blA  by  tbo 
To  ftdd  to  tiiu  fcoeiml  dimiiiifac- 
dcvpoudcncy,  there  waa  doubt 
i  the  tnmp  m  to  what  tbo  day 
Mftg  Ibrtk  No  one  could  t«ll 
if  V9  were  to  moYo  or  not.  The 
[ganerftl  htnwelf,  ever  prompt 
md  dtartfc,  wiiied  now  to  warert  he«i- 
lit%  tatolvi;  ma4  roeoneider.  At  m  late 
kmmr,  it  Wft*  ob*erv«d  that  hi^  guards 
TO*  eirilfhig  their  (entjt;  upon  which 
efS7  btiljr  micdildtd  we  were  to  laarcli, 
itd  fr«|Mr«l  toeordbi^f ,  In  the  oounio 
if  Mf  fta  hour,  tooomed  tsother  rev{>« 
lwli«i  m  puhlit  tratinieiil:  the  guard 
tMtti  wm  biii^  pHebed  t^ti^  A  nn^^ 
$mmm  of  *mn>tf?tif  lbl1ow*d|  tnd  to 
fBvml  ectintf,  Meeended  ft  g^meral 
mmmdarx,  ^^  mftiij  wen)  itic1jti»l  to 
Iksk  llflii  tbe  latter,  fur  l)w  thn'\  bad 
Ihl  ^IIHTitt        !  lift- 

ftmA^^ mail  ;  rrR| 

It  nit  tftel  Ulift4  if«  atMHiUl  iHkt  iiAiy  ch 


before  to-uiorrow.  Ha  Ting:  the  day  thmi 
to  ourselves,  we  were  ermbled  to  t*roll 
about  8t  our  leisuru.  or  ah  far  us  the  uiur- 
ky  atmosphere  and  general  gloom  wuuld 
invito,  or  ^nettkt  orders  would  j^ierujit. 

The  •*HacieDda  of  our  Lndy  of  Gua^ 
dalupo  of  tho  Sister^,''  is,  of  course,  the 
attractive  feature  of  the  pliipc.  excepting 
the  sublime  displays  of  nature  by  which 
it  m  gurroundetl.  The  upproiieh  Ui  the 
house  from  the  norths  is  through  a  state- 
ly avenue  of  willows,  the  hrnrw'hea  of 
which  intertwine,  and  fonn  a  nattiral  arch 
of  perpetual  verdure,  Un  ihw  Hjjht  of  ItH 
termination,  there  is  a  fountain  of  crystal 
water,  beautifled  with  a  eiuniar  cordon 
of  willows f  and  to  the  left,  stands  the 
mansion  itselt  surrounded  by  and  om* 
nt'Cted  with  a  high  i»tone  wall  hu*k  Uit 
defence  tgainst  the  Indian^;.  As  we 
paased  through  the*  avenue*,  the  {icimc 
might  have  been  taken  for  a  rehiars^irl  of 
the  daj'S  of  Isaac  and  KulHMxa,  Women, 
in  thejr  light  and  simple  costuoic,  were 
engaged  in  wa.'^hirig'  j  tiocks  of  shicp  and 
goats  wens  drinking  at  the  foutilam  i  and 
beyond  were  the  Wftte?  carrierH,  with 
pitchers  on  their  ahoulders,  and  ready  to 
address  you,  "  Dnnk ;  and  we  will  give 
your  camels  drink  also."  The  hotise  b 
spidoiia,  and  the  walls  of  euornumiiitluck- 
nefft.  The  entrance  h  by  the  uHual 
arched  way  to  the  iuttrbr  court.  The 
first  object  we  &aw  here  wnis  a  jKjr tabic 
oonfc^^ional  box,  which,  on  the  arrivnl  of 
tbo  itincnail  pricBt,  is  traoiifcrrcd  to  the 
several  apartments,  in  order  that  their  oo- 
cupanU  may  be  Komakally  rciievod  frum 
the  burden  of  their  tranitgre^i^ionK,  The 
room  into  which  w©  were  at  ooco  ixni* 
ducted  by  the  polite  proprietor,  had  nioro 
of  the  appearance  of  home  comfurtJ<^  than 
any  thing  we  had  yet  Kcen  in  Alexloo. 
We  discovered  tliat  we  had  already  been 
preeedeil  by  manj .  ajs  cnriouK  and  tnqutni- 
tire  afi  ourselven^  who  were  ranged  around 
tho  walls  with  th*?  regularity  of  wax 
figure^  oti  cbaiftt  having  gilt  backi^  and 
cane  botiomx,  and  of  undo u bud  A  men- 
can  manuficture.  Tlie  upfter  end  of  the 
apart*nent,  wly^rt  the  (ground)  floor  wftg 
i:ar|^rt]ted  fur  a  few  fuet  ill  width,  was  dis- 
tinguished with  a  mahogany  sofa^a  lux- 
ury for  which  we  were  altop*  t'  m^ 
pared.  The  walk  hm  ware  y 
a  ^nall  rvpr(«entation  of  the  «.i  i*  i^i^i  d- 
by  two  mirrors  in  gilt  frvmcs,  mtiHtthd 
for  ornament  ratkirr  than  for  u«^.  beioK 
eo  high  thai  they  cxiuld  not  mtninler  to 
anv  ono^s  vanity,  nithoul  the  aid  of 
ladderit^  and  two  figures  of  "our  lady 
of  Guadalu|ie/*  Many  Mripturd  pi4x«a 
were  hung  round  the  rooni|  among  whkh 


wore  the  Return  of  tho  Prodrgal  Son,  the 
AtiimncialionH  Christ  benring  the  Crosfi, 
and  the  Resurrection.  On  ft!I  sides,  tho 
wnlls  were  rudelj  painted  iji  panels  to  the 
hetj^ht  of  three  orfour  feet^  and  over  these 
a  fancy  wreath  of  virions  and  tantastic 
colore.  A  fcw^  iroUimc!*  in  French  and 
SjKinifih  werc5  scattered  upon  a  largo 
round  table,  occupying  the  oentre  of  the 
apartment.  In  the  latt4?r  lai^iwge,  there 
was  a  hand&omo  copy  of  Do  TocqaeTille's 
Democracy  hi  America,  which  appeared 
to  have  been  well  studied,  and  accotinted 
in  some  degree,  perhapji^  for  tho  just  and 
liberal  views  entertnmed  by  the  proprie- 
tor towards  the  United  States,  and  the 
deep  regret  and  despondency  which  bo 
OT^inccd  on  the  subject  of  his  own  conn- 
try. 

Of  Mexico  ho  spoke  with  tljo  feelings  of 
a  loya!  son  and  devoted  patriot  Ho  la- 
mented her  falling  fortunes  in  terms  of 
touching  eloquence,  tracing  her  degene- 
racy to  the  corruption  of  the  church,  by 
whose  established  [)0licy  the  people  were 
kept  ignorant  and  impoverished^  and  to 
the  reckless  ambition  of  military  leaiders, 
whose  selfish  ends  kept  the  country  torn 
and  rent  by  factioos,  and  who  were  ever 
ready  to  deluge  the  soil  with  the  blood 
of  her  best  and  bravest  citizens.  In  re- 
lation to  his  own  country^  his  views  ap- 
peared to  be  etuinently  enlightened  and 
patriotic,  and  if  the  Mexican  Kepubiic  had 
many  such  spirits,  she  might  shako  off 
the  thraldom  that  now  fetters  her  enef^ 
gies,  rouse  herself  once  more  to  hii^h  and 
chivalrous  action,  and  array  herself  in  the 
paooply  of  prosperity.  But  ambitioaj 
ignorance,  superstition  and  priestcraft — 
tho  latter  tho  direst  incubus  that  ever 
cursed  a  commonwealth — muf^t  be  demo- 
lished and  stt-ept  away,  before  freedom 
can  have  her  perfect  way* 

The  hacienda  derives  part  of  its  name 
from  three  hills  in  its  immediate  vidnity, 
called  ^£75  hermanoji^  the  sisters :  an  idea 
in  the  science  of  names  not  con  lined  to 
the  United  States-  One  of  these  hills  is 
surinounteil  by  a  cross  conspicuously 
placed  on  the  grave  of  a  man  murdered 
by  the  Lepnn  IndianSj  whose  incursions 
are  not  limited  by  political  or  ge^^graphi- 
eal  boundaries.  This  establishment  is  one 
of  sevefi  belonging  to  the  same  estate^  lo- 
cated at  different  points  between  tho  Sa- 
linos  and  Agua  Nuevaj  on  the  other  side 
of  Saldlto.  They  are  rented  for  a  certain 
annual  percentage  of  tho  product^  along 
with  the  peons  qt  slaves.  This  spedies 
of  servitude  we  suppy&ed  was  common 
over  all  iJeacicuj  but  wu  were  here  in- 
formed thut  vi  exists  only  in  the  States 


of  Tamauli|ma,  New  Leon,  and  Goahuili^ 
A  citizen  contracts  %  debt  which  be  is 
unable  to  pay :  the  creditor  takes  posses 
sion  of  his  person ;  allows  him  a  Sxed 
sum  for  his  services,  but  charges  him  with 
whatever  he  receives,  either  in  food  or 
clothing*  A  nmnmg  account  of  debit 
and  credit  is  thus  opened ;  but  the  credits 
arc  usually  so  small  mm  pared  with  the 
debits,  that  time  only  widens  the  original 
difference  between  tnem ;  and  the  unfor- 
tunate debtor  becomes  a  bondsman  for 
ever.  Odious  and  revolting  as  thus  sys- 
tem is^  it  is  yet  little  more  repugnant  to 
the  spirit  of  Christianity  and  enlightened 
civilijation,  than  that  relic  of  barbarism 
existing  perhaps  now  in  a  few  of  the 
United  States  which  assumes  poverty  to 
be  a  crime,  by  imprisonment  for  debt.  But 
what  is  perhaps  most  marvellous  in  this 
matter^  we  are  told  that  peonage  ejtists 
only  by  prescHption,  and  that  there  is  no 
written  law  to  give  it  countenance.  It 
has  prown,  however,  to  such  strength 
that  individuals  cannot  resist  it,  and  he 
who  should  attempt  the  overthrow  of  this 
system  of  iniquitj",  would  bo  more  likely 
to  be  crushed  in  the  effort  than  to  effi 
any  amelioration.     The  government  is 

im  Decile  or  too  corrupt  to  attempt  a    

formj  though  the  efforts  of  philnuthropists 
have  not  been  wanting  to  call  it  to  the 
rescue  of  so  many  thousands  from  morale 
physical  aud  intellectual  bondage. 

The  Hacienda  de  las  HermanaSj  as  it  u 
commonly  called,  has  attached  to  it  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  families  of  peons. 
These  are  distributed  or  rather  confined 
within  the  walls  of  the  place,  and  shel- 
tered from  the  weather  only  by  the  most 
comfortless  hutSj  made  of  corn-stalks  or 
sugar-cane.  A  whole  family  is  thrust 
into  an  area  too  small  for  the  sleeping 
apartment  of  m  siogte  indivit^ual ;  and 
tliere^  in  filth  and  wi^tchedness,  in  an  at- 
mosphere fetid  and  corrupt,  subjected  to 
associations  and  ideas  the  most  monstrous 
and  con tamiiAi ting,  children  of  both  sextos 
arc  reared  to  maturity^  and  ripened  for  &d 
inheritance  of  woe ;  and  old  men  &nd  wo- 
men sink  into  the  grave  to  make  way  for 
the  successive  groups  that  are  im wiled 
onward  and  downward  by  the  sam^  in- 
exorable necessity.  The  annual  products 
of  the  estate  are  between  two  and  three 
thousand  sheep  mvX  goats,  about  (en  thou- 
sand bushels  of  com,  and  ft  few  thousand 
pounds  of  sugar.  One  third  of  the  grain 
raised  is  consumed  at  home.  The  market 
is  Monclova,  The  present  proprietor  con- 
templates changing  his  crop  from  corn  to 
cotton,  which  bo  thinks  would  pr^vc  more 
profitable.    Of  this  tbere  would  m^m  to 


IMeM  from  my  knapsack. 


W  Ride  ilonbtf  un  eotUtQ  goods  «ro  etiof- 
iMailjr  hi^h  m  the  ixxinttyt  tione  of  tfie 
fw  ntfUml  m  imported ,  juid  the  two 
fttAaiw  siQ  Id  micceetarttl  o^K^rtitioti  at  Sal* 
lilB^  wMeh  would  inmr¥  «  rt^ady  tnnrket. 
A  ^liftut^**  eiitcrt«lnmcTit  wils  given  to 
Urn  oommiiiditi^  gm^ml  and  a  h\^  u  aiders 
vbo  «nv  irith  liim.  which  p.ij^'^cd  olf  with 

9imUf^^  the  fimt  mur^c  €on^Ji^lcd  of  rice 
mtd^  into  ft  iort  or  pi7/^ti ;  I  be  a  cume  n 
itaiff  <if  ImeI^  Oftbbag:!*,  bcunts  and  ouiom^, 
vllkli  m  fblloirctl  hv  n  roast  kid ;  and 
Id  ibis  flocoaeded  ftnotber  stew  or  hash  of 
b«f  md  ablMwv :  frijoUm  or  Ix^anii, 
MTiwI  «p  a  let  Akjicufw,  c^iidudv*!  the 
li^iM.  11>r  iriie^it^  were  hunCTy,  and 
IlimfiOiuK  ria|H'«saiited  to  have 

b^  **<ItistL  '  witb  the  oxoeption 

OfOMt*  frtiich  vvaa  rather  too  strODgljr 
tiwiiirail  iritb  ^mrlic* 

Qb9  word  «hfiu)d  bo  p'fen  to  the  pic- 
lOTnoa  loutKm  of  thii  t^slablishtnent, 
lh0«|P  p«  aor  p«(idl  can  hardlr  do  ju^ 
te  «i  il»  b««litkf*  Thrt-e  ran^s  of  hills 
i#  bttd  Mid  mftjeittk  on  time,  their  Tcncr- 
\  fktiTDwed  hy  time's  unsparing 
^  Atid  their  tops  pinnacled  in 
coilfem  to  tbi^  point,  and 
villiB  tbt  iftlkffs  Utna  Cbnn^dj  the  golden 
plSlom  <kf  lb*  ripe  fields  of  com  is  mingled 
vik  Ifat  deep  ^fven  of  lb&  waying  sugar- 
ant;  llie  ptatos  arts  eirerj  where  enli- 
^■lad  If  J  doekji  and  herd.s;  the  water 
iws  our  its  pebbled  beci^  murmuring 
Mlli  sMlBfiv  *^  wh^ti  the  fun  is  paril- 
Mwd  lit  tlM  lieftftna,  bathing  the  moun* 
liiit-titpe  ta  mft^tou»  Ught^  the  picturp  is 
mmsfk/lm^  toe  loreliiress  of  nataro  be* 
9mm  m  fit  aooooipaniinent  to  the  em- 
WkiiBtaU  of  ftrt^  and  the  two  com- 
liDsd    iimi    ft    perfect    and     faultless 

Tbe  ImwI  oT  the  ootatna  irfts  In  motion 
m  Mmo  mlautes  bdbiti  7  o'clock  the  fol- 
liwii%  Busmiaic,  while  the  «nu  was  ^et 
leideii  m  the  cimvU,  whkh  hnng  diu-k 
nd  lw«<erttic  ov  i  y.    Th** 

Mtfdh  oC  ft  lew  u.  us  to  a 

h^  Mfrin^  wbidi  ^uij{4iv^  the  irrigating 
Mftftla  befiabmiU.  It  ot^mcii  out  uf  the 
r-  '  n^  of  110^  Fahrvn- 

K  V  (ff  sijt  feet  dtf*p, 

a»j    pr-.ui!  '•  ■'     ■-     ^r-     'ts^, 

Y^  wal«r  1  ■  '^ver 

ttio(>     A  an 

tfiseChai!"^  -Mi^, 

leieMdiai  i^^ 

Men  J  ^  croaw  Eiianivd  otot 

apftf*  lit  oi  the  depftitcd 

Mol^  HP4  b>  a  tiiujdtffer'e  hand  iato  tlie 


world  of  spirit^  withoat  time  tor  eon- 
fiasnion  and  extreme  unclionp 

The  Arroyo  del  Carmel  is  about  thro* 
mlleji  from  the  hacienda,  where  we  were 
detained  about  an  hour,  while  the  pio- 
neers were  repairing  the  bridge — a  labor 
which  might  havo  b^en  perfonncd  yester- 
day, but  was  notj  because  the  exis^tcncc 
of  the  stream  was  not  known.  About  a 
mile  from  this  titream  we  passed  a  forlorn 
^oup  of  six  buildings,  the  most  of  them 
in  ruins,  x^hich  once  Qonstitiited  the  lord- 
ly hacienda  do  Tapado,  The  chapel  still 
remains  in  tokrable  repair^  but  the  other 
structures  are  crumbling  away  under  the 
destroying  iufluences  of  the  ele  men  ts.  Une 
of  these  now  roofless  bmldiog*  forms  a 
large  reclangular  area,  wiihm  which  the 
Tcgctable  iieon  dwellings  are  pitched 
against  the  walls.  The  place  is  oocupbd 
at  present  only  by  iieons,  whoso  squalid 
wretchedness  was  Tery  apparent^  even  in 
the  briyf  perk>d  to  which  our  visit  was 
limited,  i  quarter  of  a  mile  beyond 
these  ruin%  we  struck  the  Sal  ado,  a  small 
stream  flowing  between  high  banks,  of 
which  the  arroyo  del  Carmel  is  an  aMu- 
ent.  The  road  continues  nearly  parallel 
to  the  Salado  for  several  milea^  tra?ersiiig 
com-fielda  extending  orcr  hundreds  of 
acres. 

The  hacienda  ^  las  Ajuntos  ^'  is  about 
nine  miles  from  that  of  "-  las  Bennanaa^^' 
and  was  originally  a  more  extensive  es- 
tablish ment  than  the  latter.  The  build- 
ings are  now  out  of  repair,  but  were  never 
compactly  arranged ^  nor  constructed  with 
a  view  to  defence*  The  huts  of  the  t>eons 
present  sumQwh-4t  the  appearance  of  the 
slave  quarters  alimg  the  MisisisMippl  River  j 
though  the  resideui'eof  the  b\&ck  is  usual- 
ly a  pidace  compared  with  that  of  tho 
Mexican  bondman.  An  we  pa^cd^  tho 
men  were  ranged  on  both  sides  of  the 
road,  gating  upon  us  with  that  vaooot, 
stupid  euriofdtT,  which  results  from  their 
purely  animal  existence.  The  women 
were  incatt<ired  about  in  groups;  Ihdr 
iihoulders  baro^  their  long  black  hair  fall- 
ing loosely  around  them,  their  rebozot 
reaching  below  the  waist,  and  mingling 
tlieir  colon*  with  the  ibids  of  their  petti- 
coatn.  Children  naked  and  half  dotbed 
were  hanging  ui^ion  the  motber^i  breftft 
playing  in  the  dirt  with  the  dogi  ma 
pigs,  or  atftriug  in  flxcd  wonderment  al 
rbe  crowd  of  atiuupra.  One  man  more 
t^syti  iTsri^jiH*  tlian  the  other,  h**'l  i*«^ta^»ii>ih' 
■p  for  the  occa  uq 

ijiid  vcn-  tttleri'    .  '  re 

waA  c^nwqut  I  ;  Jttrtvnagtj*    Then 

muat  have  U  <  4  eight  hnndred 

aotik  oouaeoted  Hitb  ihia  ealabltabmetiti 


JVbfit  from  m^  Knapiack. 


sll  reared  m  ignarance  and  opprcssba; 
robbed  of  their  riglits^  citU  and  religions, 
tktid  roudcred  by  birth,  habits,  A&d  ussoci*- 
tion  fit  supporters  of  a  military  oJigarchjTi 
and  fit  ministers  to  the  unbridled  passions 
and  cruel  extortions  of  a  corrupt  priestr 
hood. 

We  eucampc^d  about  11  o'clock j  half  a 
utile  from  the  hacienda,  and  as  otir  tents 
were  whitening  the  plain,  the  sun  emerg- 
ed from  the  curtain  of  vapor  which  had 
hidden  him  for  a  day^  or  two,  and  gave 
token  of  a  fair  afternoon.  The  rain  was 
over,  though  the  whole  country  this  side 
of  the  Nueces  had  the  appearance  of  a 
iong  continued  drought.  The  ro^dfl  were 
generally  ground  into  powder  to  the  depth 
of  several  incUcSj  and  the  earth  on  either 
side^  baked  to  the  hardness  of  brick,  pro- 
sen  ted  frequent  fissures,  broad  and  d«.\epj 
the  effect  of  long  intense  heat  without 
raii^ft. 

An  order  f^ven  to  Colonel  Harden 
(officer  of  the  day)  to  station  a  guard  over 
the  hacienda  las  Ajunta^  or  '^it  would  he 
plundered  J '^  created  a  very  considerable 
flare-up  in  cc^rtain  quarters  of  the  camp, 
and  led  to  a  long,  and  some  say,  stormy 

interview  between  the  Colonel, ^ 

and  ^^-  J  the  latter  of  whom  apn 

peared  as  a  fort  of  diplomatist.  Our 
Celtic  Alcibiad&si,  it  appears  from  the  ro- 
suU|  was  partially  successful  in  his  efforts. 

It  was  rumored  at  one  time  that  the 

and olBcers   were   all    to    reslgrij 

hut  this  determination  was  subsequently 
changed. 

The  skyey  inHuenoes  were  not  flattering 
as  we  left  camp  about  SJ  o^elock  the  next 
morning.  The  evening  before  had  g^ven 
promise  of  a  fair  day.  but  near  midnight 
the  winds  came  sweeping  down  from  the 
raoun tains,  and  the  clouds  i?eemed  to  fol- 
low in  their  wake.  Hill  and  valley  were 
alike  overspread  with  mi^t  and  vapor. 
For  ten  miles  we  passed  over  a  sandy 
roadj  the  dust  filling  eyes,  uoise  and  mouth, 
and  almost  stifling  and  blinding  the  un- 
fortunates on  foot  who  had  to  tread  it* 
Very  little  gross  was  any  where  to  be 
seen.  The  growth  of  ismall  plants  was 
proliflCj  and  several  new  varieties  of  the 
C&^tus  "^t^re  observed  skirting  the  road. 
One  of  these  spreads  into  a  tree  twelve 
or  fifteen  feet  high^  with  proportional 
hfimehes.  Nearly  all  the  members  of 
the  cactus  Oimily  — and  their  name  is  le- 
gion^-are  found  in  this  vicinity*  We  also 
noticed  a  singular  shrubj  sk  or  eight  feet 
in  heigh  tf  with  in  numerable  brftiiches 
springing  (Vom  ih«  root  |  these  are  of  a^h 
or  dim  <^lor^  ticftr  a  email  yellow^  flower^ 
bat  &re  wholly  without  foliage.     Tbo 


branches  ait^  as  haro  of  leaves  as  a  rose 
tree  in  Deeember.  Two  miles  from  the 
last  camp  wo  passed  a  rancho  occiipit^d  by 
a  few  familiesj  living  in  the  sjime  miser- 
able condition  as  the  i>eons  of  the  hodcn* 
das.  Their  dwellings  were  corn-stalk  huts 
with  thatched  roofsj  not  high  enough  to 
Stand  erect  in.  nor  long  enough  to  permit 
the  occupant  to  lie  at  full  length.  High 
stone  walls  forming  an  inclosurej  and 
apparcntl}''  intended  for  the  residence  of 
their  masterj  added  to  the  desolatbn  of 
the  scene.  From  this  point  the  next 
house  was  distant  about  nine  miles,  and 
near  this  place  the  mud  walls  of  Moa- 
clova  ^Tsi  revealed  themselves,  rising  iu- 
distinctly  against  the  dark  background 
of  the  mountains.  We  halted  four  miles 
from  the  dty^  and  encamped  between  two 
cotton  fields — hundreds  of  acres  of  com 
surrounding  us  on  all  sides. 

Several  citizens  of  MoneJova,  headed  by 
Scftor  Don  Lobo,  political  chief  of  the  de- 
partment, and  author  of  the  protest  re- 
ceived a  few  days  since,  came  into  camp 
in  the  afternoon  with  a  written  papiir^ 
differing  somewhat  in  style  and  purport 
from  the  preceding;  document-  concluding 
it  is  saidj  with  an  ofier  of  the  nospitaJities 
of  the  city  to  the  Commanding  OeneraL 
It  might  hare  been  civdj  perhaps^  und^r 
the  circumstances,  to  extend  the  invita- 
tion; they  were  however  received  with 
due  courtesy,  and  after  an  exchange  of 
the  usual  common  pi  aces  on  such  ooca- 
sions,  the  delegation  returned  to  towB, 
The  Senor  "  Gefe  Politico^"  is  ft  larggj 
gravc^looking  gentleman,  somewhat  port- 
ly,  double-chinned,  and  as  a  whole,  would 
make  a  formidable  can^'date  for  alder- 
man in  any  of  our  cities.  He  and  his  as- 
sociates were  dreRsod  (n  round  jackets — 
the  invariable  riding  or  diplomatic  cos- 
tume of  Mcxico^-and  of  course  raatle  no 
very  imposing  appearance  in  presence  of 
the  glittering  cortege  which  siurounded 
the  commanding  general,   among   whom 

with  his  new  coat  and  bnght 

buttons,  was  not  least  conspicuous. 

It  was  reported  in  camp  that  an  ex- 
press from  General  Taylor^  which  left 
Monterey  on  the  26thT  had  arriTed.  with 
the  information  that  the  Navy  had  pos- 
session of  all  parts  of  California,  [is  Cali- 
fornia a  lake,  nver^  or  inland  sea  1]  and 
that  Ckneral  Kearney  would  oceupy  Santft 
Fe  during  the  winter.  General  T.  ex- 
pected to  hear  Irom  Washington  touching 
the  armistice]  by  the5lh  proximo,  and  ad- 
Yimid  that  in  the  menTi  time  no  movement 
be  made  soutl  '•■•>v'j^* 

A  parade  h,  oiuumnding  Gcn- 

erml^a  tent  of  the  twa  Kquadroiis  uf  dr»* 


iPblii  fr^m  my  JTmpmdt, 


^t 


MOt^  ittd  dM  iiiptiraiot  of  fiim^lf  in 
mD  vntlfaBi,  IMIimed  by  his  inUfimiiift- 
bit  fUC  ocin^  ^  plumea  Mtd  chfttx^i^us, 
wmd  mmm  in  fbn^  e&psi  Bomm  ifi  e[)&u* 
IflM^  soin^  in  wtnp  ind  aoiiift  with  Mro 
iliMiidcf«i  io  short  ti^roBentiiig  is  ▼ari<*- 
fiM  an  iipeel  a*  tlie  GMilatm  of  ft  couit- 
OT  diWfi,  imunliii  tilt  idti  that  f4>mm1 
wlHafy  powioti  wm  to  b«  taken  o/ 
Be^if^  tbjn  dkplaj  of  ^th- 

bat  II-  iio©*i6*ry 

tb«if  I     ,  i*\v  wci^ 

I  by  ' ■  ■     ,  who.  fcarijif;  their 


^Nm  nlgbt  miir  ib*?  idmirftbli*  uiiilbnrnty 
«f  ibtt  ^tafl*  pimlftHJi,  i*fihtc]y  onlemd 
t^MB  ta  wiih'trAw,  As  Ui«  sociel j  fmm 
vlidi  tiwy  w«v«  tbofl  a3De)tifI«cl  did  not 
m  MimbJe  m  to  mtarfure  with 
_Eiviati«  tb«  ik  tropf  tvtj 
Ujf'movod  oflf  towftrdM  the 

AboQl  balf  a  miia  from  cfttn^  thvns  bt  a 
«all  itai^  laoebo,  or  tstancui,  a^  they 
Im*  call  Hr  ooosutuiing  a  little  hamkt 


?  'Imta,  which  are  oocunied  bj  i^ 
,  Ulf  elolbtni  hftlf  fed,  bair  civil- 
of  people.  The  road  thence 
I  m  coliiTated  raffkon,  and  fields 
;  to  the  height  af  iifUxQ 
er  trnttSf  kft,  axtcod  far  And  wfdu  ou 
'  I  M^  m  tba  ffiibtirbii  of  the  city,  whik 
I  which  nkirt  iha  road 
^hade.  Miwiclova  b 
iba  Bioantaim  and  Uaei 
U9mu  Sp  UKlar  the  nurltm;  uf  Hublinuty. 
Sighiia  M  Cifunn  looks  down  ru^- 
liijhr  «•  ana  atda,  and  the  Sietra  del 
QiMm  fian  itatlf  proudly  oti  tha  other. 
Thm  apyinafh  m  amj^liirly  picturnujue 
and  iMHitiliil  an'!  tb«  city  iUelf  h  div^r- 
a^ad  iHtli  mQ  and  plain,  gMrrf^ioiidicnlaf 
■■AiaC  fiD>*«^«ti''  u>*<  'II  the  nty  pf  Fc 
tM^  tifltsf:  uiidttL     The 

» liAfi?  '  f Orientals  in 

lihm  tkM  '♦in  tho 

'  AllilOfi^b  I  h  mate- 

iir  laaAj  of  iha  piuo^l  buddings^ 
BmWk  as  daawhere^  however,  mont  or  the 
|a«M  art  of  adobo*  Tliere  are  threo 
fA^^ ;  two  (^>r  tii«  lower  hundreda,  and 
mt  iir  tha  npficr  lesai  An  Alameda  of 
Hvoatloii  Ciaa  and  pHda  of  tliitiit,  fiir- 
■iahm  a  baattiiful  protnenadu  Tor  tho 
Mmsh^  flurai  or  Ibtir*  hundred  yards  tn 
kt^g^  At  ila  aouthani  c^ireuiity  alanda 
a  wpmaaamA^  hathif  a  filain  eqoaya  baai^ 
i^ppiftaif  a  thfl^  nrrbaM  twesity-fite 
ii*  hA^l^tolcn)  Pt  and  tcniii* 

iHtaflvjili  tlia  ti  nirt'  of  a  f^ 

«ya.    Hiafw  ia  tM^tiin  ^a  aitbrl 

aibafW  aa  lit  wboi,  foi  nt  ur  to 

v'Im^^  H  wmi  cndad*    Canti^umg  along 


the  princtpal  !itn?et  tram  the  Akmcda,  we 
passed  the  city  cockpit  on  our  right,  also 
shaded  with  the  China  Lr*e,  and  profided 
with  seats  j  and  fitill  further  on  wo  tm- 
tercd  the  main  plajta,  around  which  tho 
principal  building  are  locfttt?d,  Tho  ea- 
ihcdral  is  of  masfiivc  proportions  i  not 
f'triking  in  ajchitectnral  dcsigiiL  but  alto- 
^t^t  V, . , .  '" ' " ^  n nd  im posing*  Thi!  stylo  ia 
of  1  -.if  onkr*  and  is  probably  a 

ootti .,    uf  tbo    Moorish   with  the 

original  Axtec;  The  ^itat  tower  in  which 
the  beljg  are  ptaeed^  nam  from  tlic  ^uth- 
easUsm  ^|^le  of  tbo  huildinff,  thereby 
destroying  its  symmetry,  and  with  it 
much  of  its  bmuty,  ft  is  in  better 
preservation  than  the  other  churches,  and 
of  more  modem  construction.  ITie  other 
public  buildings  arc  a  Altlitary  Itospital^ 
the  Town  Hall,  a  Jesuit^s  College,  and 
the  Cuijtocn  House- 

The  population  of  Monclora  is  vaHouelT 
estimated  at  from  tive  to  ten  thotu^nd, 
and  doc^  not  probably  greatly  giirpaae 
the  smaller  number.  It  appears  to  bo  a 
genernl  custom  among  tho  towns  to  rate 
tho  number  of  inhabitaiita  ta  high  as 
po&aible*  No  go  vemmcnt  census  is  Uken, 
and  as  TeptvacuUtioii  is  oomiiially  baaed 
on  populatioiij  it  hooomea  the  plioy  to 
mak^  tliu  Ittttor  a  maximum.  This  ii  ao- 
cording] J  done  whenever  practiesble,  and 
the  fjopulntion  giTen  in  books  must  gen- 
erally be  reduced  from  BAodi  to  forty  per 
ctnt.j  depending  upon  the  variable  stand- 
ard of  honesty  in  the  different  towns. 
The  city  in  hand^mely  adorned  with 
trees,  of  which  a  j^reater  variety  is  ob- 
serrabb  tljan  usim.  Besides  the  dato 
ir^  luxuriant  with  fruity  the  PJjyryptian 

£m  may  be  x^n^  -looking  almofll  as 
olate  in  ita  new  home  as  in  the  daaert ; 
its  k'j.n^^M  Iruiik  and  «ipansive  top  af- 
ford' ibk»m  of  an  exiled  ao- 
vert  r  vfra  rumcd  country, 
to  wiuch  liii  tit*>i^r  may  return.  The  tia- 
tlTO  pooan^  however,  i^nrpssBOS  in  size  and 
bcnuty  all  the  cioiica  that  wealth  hntt  jn^ 
troducod.  not  eteu  exccptiiig  whait  lin- 
uveufl  calls  the  prinoes  of  the  vi^tablt 
kingdotn,  and  in  ita  fcnerablo  tn^ea^, 
worthj  lo  be  the  mcmarch  of  the  city 
grorea  and  atomiea.  Vet,  notwithstand- 
ing so  much  rural  l>«auty,  Monclova  has 
a  gstiaral  appoaraiK^  of  dci^ol  a  tiou .  Thm% 
is  no  erideiioe  any  where  of  thrift  or  pfoa* 
fierit^  I  aisil,  lilio  the  whole  countrrf  it 
aeetna  on  the  hii^hway  to  ruin  andf  de- 
atj'uctioru  lluuiAn  erie]*!^'  h  paralyzed 
by  some  mighty  and  mynti^rious  power ; 
Hi  tarnation  prevails  in  every  <)uat1«r ; 
idkncasand  tndulirnce,  8ih-nt  though  pro- 
litic  causes  of  rice  and  immondity,  nu^ 


m 


Vomjrom  m^  Miui^^ioek. 


p^ 


rftSDpiJit.  so  to  spoftk;  sod  the  seeds  of 
Bodil  dissolution  smm  to  be  sown  brcmd- 
ea&t  throughout  etery  iivgdqg.  There  m 
p*rttlysi!j  in  the  body  jiolitic,  wbkh  g»I- 
ffttii^im  it*:t'lf  couJd  not  remOTe, 

W  hat liver  might  have  b«en  theohject 
of  the  military  display  from  camp,  it  was 
apparent  eijoiij^h  artier  the  arrivnl  of  the 
ctiTaleade  in  town,  that  it  contributed 
THEtly  to  the  amusement  and  gratification 
of  the  women  and  children.  The  girls 
and  boys,  naked  and  dothodj  were  abrottd 
in  all  their  strength,  and  the  young  misses 
and  their  mammas  seemed  to  oon^er  the 
aflktr  m  quite  a  jubilee.  It  was  as  good 
ns  a  saint ^s  thy.  The  General  was  at  the 
head,  and  tliercfore  most  stared  at,  and 
therefore  again — which  was  of  nmcb 
more  oon«equence — he  was  somewhat  re^ 
lieTcd  from  the  winding  ehcet  of  duf^t, 
which  clung  like  shadows  to  the  whole 

Earty.  The  exhibition,  though  meanings 
iss  in  itself,  was,  from  the  eharacter  of 
the  people,  ^lerhaps  well  calculated  to  im- 
press them  with  a  sense  of  the  power  of 
the  United  Stated.  ITie  display  would 
undoubtedly  aftect  languishing  damsels 
and  setitinjeotal  sefloritas^  but  Mexican 
men  of  station  are.  as  with  us,  not  always 
men  of  sense,  and  may  be  imposed  upon 
by  fiuch  cliarlfltmry.  It  appears  the  ob- 
ject of  the  excursion  was  to  re  turn  the 
call  of  Seftor  Lobo^  while  the  occasion  was 
iucidentaJly  improved  to  indicate  to  the 
people  of  Monelovaj  that  the  personal 
staff  of  an  American  General,  command^ 
ing  three  thousand  men,  is  little  les^  for- 
iWidablti  than  that  of  a  field  marshal. 
Geo*  Wool  shows  how  thoroughly  he  ap- 
proeiates  the  Mexican  character,  by  o{)er- 
ating  upon  their  mmds  through  the  me- 
dium of  thi;  eye*  With  them  all  is  gold 
that  glitters,  and  with  thera,  too,  the 
''pomp"  of  displtiy  is  always  associated 
with  the  *^  circumstuooe; '*  of  power* 

The  camp  was  almost  deserted  during 
the  day  J  and  the  quiet  of  the  Sabbath  for 
once  prevailed.  Curiosity  took  large 
numbers  to  the  city,  wher©  the  novelties 
practi.sietl  at  the  church ,  were  sufficient  to 
attract  all  those  fond  of  dramatic  cnter^ 
toifiinents.  The  serviees  of  the  day  in- 
TOlved  a  variaiion  from  the  usual  ptt>- 
gramme^  which  gaTC  increased  zest  to  the 
perfonnance.  The  priest  was  interruptiKl 
at  the  altar,  by  a  deputation  from  a  dymg 
man,  bo  whom  it  wag  necessary  to  admin- 
ister extrt^me  unction*  At  the  same  time 
a  proce.'^;^ion  *?aine  to  the  church,  preceded 
by  a  baud  of  music  to  escort  the  padre  to 
tne  death' l>i*d  rvquiring  hjs  prcntoee.  By 
the  aid  of  burning  f^udlis  and  lighted 
lamps,  to  say  notliing  of  Ibe  bJaxing  sun 


in  the  heavens,  they  reached  the  attaTj 
and  aller  sundry  grotesque  and  unmean- 
ing contortions  and  genuflexlonsj  they 
succeeded  in  making  themselves  under- 
stood, and  the  priest  followed  ihem  to  the 
door.  His  carriage;,  drawn  by  two  mules 
richly  caparisoned,  was  awaitinf^  bim  a 
short  distance  from  the  church,  the  path 
to  which  led  through  an  avenue  of  kneel- 
ing forms  J  eager  to  secure  the  minimum 
of  sanctity  to  be  acquired  by  touching  the 
hem  of  his  garment.  To  do  him  justkei, 
the  venerable  man  did  not  seem  unwil* 
ling  to  dispense  as  much  of  this  priceless 
though  invisible  virtuCj  as  might  be  want- 
ed by  his  worshippers,  and  therefore 
passed  very  leisurely  to  hts  carnage. 
Having  safely  reached  it^  the  postition 
mounted^  and  the  vehide  rolJwi  away 
from  the  crowd,  but  not  like  the  car  of 
Juggernaut  J  over  the  necks  of  its  victims, 
from  whom  in  ignorance  and  superstitioii 
these  are  so  slightly  removed. 

The  report  in  the  "Gazeta  de  Hon- 
clova  '^  of  the  scene  of  Saturday  at  the 
dsi^pacho  publico  of  the  Gefe  Politico^ 
cannot  be  translated  with  entire  faithful- 
ness, but  the  substance  may  be  worth 
preservation.  It  is  ditficult  to  compre- 
hend fully  the  broadness  of  the  fan^ 
which  policy  n^nders  necessary  to  pliy 
oW  upon  the  Me^tcans^  Tbo  Amerkaa 
Commander  arrived  in  town  with  nearly 
three  hundred  mounted  men^  smothered 
in  their  uniforms  ;  the  day  hi  tensely  hot 
and  the  dust  of  the  s^treels  rising  in  vol- 
umes sufficient  to  suflbcate  the  party,  and 
mingling  with  the  perspiration  on  each 
niRn's  face,  so  as  almost  to  form  a  plaster 
caKt  of  the  individual*  After  reoeiTiiig 
salutes  from  his  escort  in  the  plaza,  1^ 
was  conducted  to  the  presence  of  Sen  or 
Don  Lol)0,  followed  by  all  his  officers. 
These  were  presented  in  euceession — ^tho 
oci^emony  constituting  a  sort  of  dumb 
sbow*»to  the  great  amusement  of  the  i 
sembled  Coahuilans^  mostly  lioyS} 
crowded  round  the  windows,  and  q&m- 
pied  the  lower  portion  of  the  ^-  despaeho.*' 
The  guard,  with  the  **  Gefe  '*  on  his  right 
Gcatf^  himself  at  the  head  of  the  room, 
behind  a  table  furnished  with  writing  mar 
torialt^.  The  dialogue  then  et^mmeneedj 
and  was  continued  and  concluded  ver^ 
nearly  as  Allows : 

A*  G,     **  It  is  a  very  warm  day/* 

This  was  a  proposition  which  n^  mid 
man  could  deny,  and  was  thcrefora  an- 
scnted  to  by  an  emphatic  ^^  very," 

A,  G.  "  My  object  in  vi&itiiiL'  town  to- 
day, was  to  rt4urn  your  catl  i.i  '  ,y 
in  an  informal  way,  and,  to  pi  ■  '.a- 
i&DdefatindtQg}  to  staUs  that  ti>uiormw 


I 


'1HI.] 


JrvflSl  jpWW  iJiy  AimpHHif^^ 


if»  I  «!i»ll  not  take  mrtilmr 
'tJie  town  uniil  Ihtf  dnj  fc>I- 

O,  l»*     ••  1  frg!TH   tlmt    til©    <S«T»eri! 

bk^  Hit  Oi»  m%f%\r  ^-f  n^turmn^ 

il»  ▼iail  of  mv  il  k  ^ 

aidlMB  fttrrmikr  of  th«  ciiv.'^ 

A.  G.     ''I  iimtl  pciOfiotio  thftt  tn Alter 
lir«  dft^  or  two^  but  tb«ll  expect  in  Ibe 

I^MMJng  m  eom  tod  fnipf»1rc«  for  ray 

G.  F.    ^Tha  people  sliftll  b<*  itiformed 
«f  tli*'  '»rrKnil*-i  wisbw?,  a»(l  will  doubts 


m  tL«u  «u^j 


thit  ill  willbHiig 

itarily.  or  it  mny 

m*'iiiifi  to  comf*el 


*  0  fir»t  time 

wwf  uiiH:  •.miisto  a[  11  if''   AiiicHciin  idea 
•f«  *^iit«iteiTF  »>  aet)      4  wtll  Ii^t  the 

ifprvliri  in  th«  niAiU'r.^' 

A«  6-        -i  jjttfeTn«ly  unplens- 

flBi,  «id  witmrmpt  Lh«  harmtitiy  and  ^ood 

wilfa   wmcb  J  biiVL^  i^ntered  and 

i  tiiQ  cotintry.  bhouUi  I 

t  io  any  coni|Jti3Aory 


iktt  te  flOHtnlod  I 


SrttfT  Laba  i^fniilcd  bii  appr%<iiitbn 
if  tbe  remark  by  a  aralkHiiid  bow. 

A.  11*  *'  It  Btaf  bt  wcJ]  to  sUto  aJno 
Ami  Aail  probably  r^uira  storv-bouaca 
«4  ^aaartan.'* 

G- 1*.  "  Tbc  public*  bameka  baws  twa 
■paiiiiiM   n^m%  wUuh  aia  oaw  at   Uia 

jl.  G«     **  Jmy  will  not  b«  saffieicnt, 
md  mmm  mam  be  bad/* 
0.  P.    *  Hie  matUr  aball  be  attend- 

A.Q*  '^t  wiU  take  my  leare ;  and  as 
W^^M  ba  oaii^bora  for  a  lime^  hope 
|W«  ba  •BoabU.*' 

fbaiaaiMinne  to  Ihbi  drtlrty  vaji  not 
■Ala,  bat  ««  tboii^bt  frum  t'be  twinkb 
tf  Mlar  LfObo^a  «>'«.  Im»  vi^a«i  perhapa 
mmmariai^  U§  biniaalf  m  ilift  kr>^yiga  of 
tba  a  inaiari  lamuitrytnaii^  ''  V  tnly  par* 

daviri  mmtsiytlkt'  abortkius"  and  1   am 

Tba  M^iao  KdHor,  It  apfimnii  con- 
aivaiba  acobor  nf  tbe  ^'^  E(-J«^«^tr«l  Ad* 
Ar^iaa  **  an  AMricaa,  a  bluiider  which 

llttm  vbaa*  Edit  rg 

iiiMlba  Siilat^  m 

§  ^gporatKie   iitibecioinrtig 


any  other  thnn  an  Engltih  souroe.  But 
rrvenont  a  nan  nimilom. 

Tho  crowd  of  men  and  lioys  in  tlie 
l^wt^r  und  of  the  room  <>T*enefl  nod  form- 
ed ft  passaj^e  for  the  Ainoricftn  GcneraJ 
and  \m  followers,  who  inonnicd  their 
burfics.  itnd  plzy^c^d  themselTes  in  front  of 
the  draf^xms.  Arms  were  presented  and 
thu  t'^valf'^de  left  the  plaza. 

CHfi«vrs  were  subseqnently  detached  for 
the  juirjwi^  of  exsimining  cjtmrters,  and 
rr|Kjrted  that  they  had  found  theresidenc© 
of  SeBr>r  *Sanchez.  the  great  proprietor  of 
haciendas,  well  furnished^  which  was  ac- 
cord ini;;  I  y  selected  AS  the  doDnicil  for  the 
Common  din  ^  General.  Any  change  of 
position  would  be  aa  improveinenU  We 
are  in  tim  midst  of  old  cotton  ll^lds^  the 
ground  thoroughly  cut  up  by  the  plough. 
by  the  horses  and  mules  of  Ihc  mrmy,  ano 
by  the  eon^tJint  carivnts  of  Me.\ieiins$  on 
their  shit  111*  tig  fionieg  and  borricoa,  who 
ktiep  clouds  of  duHt  flying  all  the  tiixie, 
which  takes  possesion  of  meat  and  drink, 
till>9  the  eye^  blockades  the  thoTBJCt  and 
hcrraetiealiy  aeak  the  pores,  Drdls  for 
thf^  time  were  abandoned,  and  oSicen 
aod  men  were  moatly  dtvidini^  their  leia* 
are  between  brag:  and  the  btUiard-Toom — 
prolific  aoixroes  of  di^^t'ction  and  demo- 
mi  ization.  All  went  to  town  who  could 
ptl  permission,  or  erade  the  *^*ntlnelaJ  and 
of  the  men  who  remained,  thone  who  were 
not  smoking,  lounging,  gamblings  Addling, 
dandngt  <^^  whistling  for  want  of  thought, 
were  making  bad  bargiains  with  the  na* 
dve  peddlers,  who  formed  two  linea  along 
the  road,  and  were  selling  for  gevend 
times  their  cakiMl^  eaa* 

dioa«  eorti  '  ^td,  fodder, 

and  other  u.\  inur-^  in.lJl|:^fl.-i4iU"u  jur  tbta  maf* 
kct.  Impresaed  with  our  harm  km  inten- 
tkms^  ttiey  wei«  bjghmlng  to  Auicr  that 
tbeu-  propenailJei  l»  fkm»  had  b««tt 
le|r&li^  An^  wifediniMidiQi  moit  eior- 
biuint  prioes,  for  the  wortfalaaa  trash, 
which  a  soldier  will  erer  pitrohaae  when 
bt;  haii  I  he  money* 

Major  Thomift,  of  the  Quartermaster*« 

Department,  amved  on  the  tiriit  of  No* 

TMiihpr  wilh  the  gratdying  intuUigirnce 

:  -  on  una  nd  of  Colonel  HiHsell  waa 

jf  or  fin^  dayg^  march^ 

yiiUi  n  iale  hour  on  the  night  of  the 

2d, and  ^—  witii  their 

^  '^^  '  *il  advisors,  were  delila*rating 
(hfogramma  of  the  pcrformanoe 
M^  . — ..i^  the  confjncst  of  Mundora,  and 
the  wbiaper  went  forth  that  our  fli^  waa 
til  I M  hoitiiad  ^i  t ^^  I  K I <  n \  f •  ^: k  n rvciaely, 
and  Kalutod  at  ittt^ry 

of  urtdlery.     -i  ^  ooB- 

dujdon,  Uie  lenUf  Bunk  miu  dajk^iMia  and 


100 


NoUt  from  my  Knapsack. 


[July 


quiet  for  the  night,  and  men  slept  freely, 
until  they  were  roused  by  the  reveille  to 
the  great  events  of  the  day.  The  column 
straggled  out  of  camp  by  instalments, 
the  Commanding  General  and  staff  being 
in  advance.  The  day  was  intolerably 
hot  (the  mercury  at  91^),  and  our  con- 
stant enemy,  the  dust,  rearing  itself  in 
triumph  over  the  horse  and  his  rider. 
The  attaches  to  the  staff,  agents,  clerks, 
servants,  Ac,  were  first  peremptorily  or- 
dered to  keep  without  the  presence ;  but 
they  were  not  compelled  to  retire  so  far 
to  the  rear  as  to  be  unable  to  perceive 
what  might  be  going  on  in  higher  quar- 
ters. This  annoyance  having  been  dis- 
posed of,  the  members  of  the  cavalcade 
were  busy  enough  in  attending  to  the  in- 
dependent, impalpable  particles  of  clay, 
which  kept  up  a  grievous  assault  upon 
all  the  organs  of  sense  and  sensibility. 
Occasionally  a  Mezicax)  cart  would  be 
seen  coming  from  the  town,  when  an  aid 
or  an  orderly  would  be  at  once  despatched 
to  turn  the  innocent  offender  from  the 
road,  to  prevent  any  extra  allowance  of 
dust  from  coming  ^^  betwixt  the  wind  and 
our  nobility."  Notwithstanding  these  and 
kindred  obstructions,  the  head  of  the 
column  reached  the  Alameda  about  11 
o'clock,  where  the  road  to  the  new  en- 
campment diverges  to  the  left  from  the 
principal  street.  At  this  moment,  the 
idea  appeared  to  occur  to  the  enthusiastic 
military  amateur,  now  prosecuting  the 
delightful  task  of  a  first  campaign,  that  it 
would  be  a  very  fine  thing  to  march  the 
troops  through  the  city,  though  it  would 
be  necessary  to  retrace  a  mile  or  two  of 
distance,  in  order  to  reach  the  site  of  the 
proposed  camp.  There  was  no  disposition 
on  such  a  day  of  triumph  to  interfere  with 
what  appeared  to  be  a  human  gratifica- 
tion, though  if  the  Commanding  General 
could  have  anticipated  the  military  mon- 
strosities and  grotesque  gaucheries  that 
were  to  follow,  he  would  probably  have 
withheld  his  consent.  After  divers  halts 
and  marches,  orders  and  counter-orders, 
grave  consultations  and  verbose  decla- 
mation, the  column  again  struggled 
into  motion,  but  before  it  reached  the 
principal  plaza,   the  active  and  untiring 

Major  had  hoisted  the  flag  and 

established  his  guards  in  the  city. — 
Thus  the  labor  of  the  night  before  had 
proved  much  ado  about  nothing.  The 
conquest  was  achieved  without  the  aid  of 
dragoons  or  artillery,  and  the  star-span- 
gled banner  was  giving  its  ample  folds  to 
the  breeze,  without  the  inspiration  of  gun- 
powder. This  disappointment  was  not 
Bufficieiit  to  satiate  the  appetite  of  our  in- 


defatigable leader,  who  insisted  that  the 
troops  must  be  passed  in  review,  in  the 
most  public  place  in  the  city,  and  thence 
marched  to  camp.  This  exhibition  par- 
took of  all  the  characteristics  of  a  mUitia 
muster.  The  infantry  entered  the  plaza 
with  their  arms  at  a  shoiUder,  but  as  the 
imitator  of  the  great  Corsican  did  not  ap- 
pear to  know  the  identity  of  "  shoulder  " 
and  "carry."  and  perhaps  conceiving  it 
necessary  to  make  himself  heard,  he 
thundered  forth  the  command,  **  Carry 
arms ! "  Instead  of  the  cnick  along  liie 
whole  column,  which  he  expected,  to  fol- 
low as  each  man  should  bring  his  hand 
'^  smartly  to  the  butt  of  his  musket,"  there 
was  a  startling  indifference ;  not  an  arm 
changed  its  place,  and  the  only  motion  in 
the  ranks  was  to  get  ahead  as  fast  as  pos- 
sible. This  they  were  permitted  to  do  un- 
molested. The  infantry  in  front  plodded 
their  weary  way ;  the  artillery  and  dn^ 
goons  passed  by  with  stately  and  meas- 
ured tread,  and  the  Arkansas  cavalry 
brought  up  the  rear.  Not  the  least  con- 
spicuous objects  in  the  gay  procession, 
were  a  horse  loaded  with  fodder,  led 
by  an  Arkansas  trooper,  and  a  mule  be- 
longing to  one  of  the  dragoon  oflSocrs,  that 
on  its  own  hook  kept  ^*  tlie  noiseless  tenor 
of  its  way,"  in  spite  of  all  opposition,  un- 
til it  reached  the  centre  of  the  plaza,  when 
it  poured  forth  a  most  sonorous  blast^ 
that  sounded 

**  Liko  BolADd'8  horn  In  BonoesTalle'a  battte." 

The  whole  performance  might  have  {&b8- 
ed  for  a  good-natured  satire  on  the  pro- 
fession; ridiculous  to  those  who  know 
nothing  of  military  matters,  and  worse 
than  ridiculous  to  those  who  had  any  ex- 
perience therein.  No  better  method  couJd 
have  been  devised  to  exhibit  the  army  as 
a  mass  of  imbecility ;  its  numerical  strength 
indicated  only  weakness,  and  its  want  of 
unity  and  exactness  in  evolutions,  arising 
from  the  circumstances,  would  seem  to 
demonstrate  ignorance  of  drill  and  desti- 
tution of  discipline,  and  a  total  inadequacy 
to  the  tisk  of  conquering  a  country  which 
should  oiler  any  opposition.  Though  every 
man  could  have  been  counted  as  we  moved 
through  the  plaza,  and  the  incompetency 
or  indifference  of  officers  and  men  ap* 
peared  so  conspicuous,  wo  were  mortified 
that  our  real  efficiency  could  not  be  sub- 
jected to  a  more  satisfactory  test 

It  was  a  difficult  problem  in  militair 
engineering  to  determine  a  clew  by  whida 
the  column  could  unravel  itself  in  the 
narrow  streets  of  the  town,  so  as  to  find 
its  wa^  to  camp.  The  task  of  collecting 
the  different  fragments,  welding   ^*~ — 


mi.} 


Fm&l  and  Fair, 


101 


aedtt  to||cli«rf  sod  g^tlsiig  ihmk  in  tho 
ngfai  diff«0lloa,  vftii  ho«r«vtr  fin&llj  ao- 
«HfMbi4  bjr  pMibg  the  hend  of  tht 
liitJiBB  llmfif n  m  pmot  noir  the  rctr 
if  tl»  fiolmni,  lad  trrenng  ib«  jugulir 
if  IB  AtktaomM  oonifuitix  with  n^niotse- 
iHi  liwliihpmoiw  Whi>n  the  httc  of  th^i 
«H^  intf  fMiched^  the  eonftisbn  e^t  the 
fMHinc  iMTl  of  UuB  tky,  ir«8  renewed 
wiik  tdSlioita  ind  virkUons,  Th«  poai- 
Ita  te4  tMCii  itl«et«d  antler  the  imme^ 

Ailp  iUfMrfumi  of 1  hut  there 

^ad  Imii  no  aaadjatmont  of  plaoes  tu  the 
MbfVBl  Brnw,  ioa  oontf  moim  wiTe  marctt- 
ii  ii  all  4igwgiimm  t  ''  '  '  right  pom- 
te^^ttddrifw  Ih'^  it  to  mftka 

ivflB  fbr  oChenL  wb^  m  mr.  ie  turn  would 
fffeably  ywlrl  to  the  nejct  i!omer<  Thi5 
Mlf  rtmmif  te  tfai«  di«M4or  w«a  flnaUy 
Mil  ift  m  §nM«{  poioiiiioii,  m  the  story 


goeS)  fbr  eaieb  one  to  pitcli  his  tent  as  he 
chose^  and  the  '' color  Jitie'^  so  fiicd  ftt 
last  aJW  thia  initmier,  could  hiirdly  b« 
dasaed  among  slraaght  lin^s,  or  ctiTTes* 
It  appeared,  however^  from  a  sUtement 
of  the  Topoptiphtcal  Engineer,  that  the 
original  dcsig:n  was  thus  acciderj tally  cur^ 
rieci  out,  namely ;  to  form  a  combjimtion 
of  wedges  or  salient  points  after  the  prin- 
dples  of  Vaiiban^  thereby  making  a  beau- 
tiful application  of  Iho  higher  branches 
of  military  science  to  caatranictation. 
When  darkness  fell  upon  tho  eamp  at 
night,  there  were  but  few  who  could  **  de- 
fine their  position,^*  so  thoroughly  con- 
founded and  mixed  up,  was  one  commnnd 
with  another.  Daylight^  however,  en»- 
bletl  the  raen  generally  to  give  thom- 
Gelves  a  *' local  habitation." 


FOWL   AND   FAIR, 


aY     OKI     Of     T]t£     LATTKa. 


^^  -iaaMU«DdMenoHii£Vll^t»i«blrdis 

^tm  f  airi  'itii  1  ti«T«  hmrA  '«fD  dilrp  tiff  mmMI  0»«ak  and  t^Un. 

*JipM-i^t«al^lMi««M  «^  OivvIqii,  dilfpnUoB,  H^diitot  Wlii«Ueiilk»i,  CRivfttSoHf  Cfteklt«UAQ» 

1 0amiYm  tpmk  tliwl,  tl»«t  trt  leflmcd  «&fUim**  ' 


T 


(IE   fUBMlca   on    Atona.    Tousseners 
dStf  fftietftiir  tn  a  late  number 
d  Vtn,  mrn^i  mv  '  !te<Hildnot 

tfviUlllbiif  iD#U  iig  thefbre- 

kom  liandol^ih'fl  Amvntai^ 
tii«  yew  ICH  whieb  foil 
my  f^e  about  the  aatnd  lime*  The 
Eimoiig.  ForgiTo  me 
j«  whn  aay^  **  Thoii  through 
italityf  and  fumy,  Muiis. 
T*  MTPM  bk  ^kjitCU  ftiprhping  biiilM 
«■  VOMtfK  ja  tme  eommon  giftry^^ 

FnaLJI  tBTcntiioii  ban  racked  heaven 
■I  flMtli«  le  fitDduoi  '  Ia  Nocifteaiii^  ^ 
Im  tW  UuBblM  tbat  eradtate  Ibeir  mart 
if  %titmm^  to  Use  ^Itt^rm^  cnmmU  of 
^^  fcntmlitre.  f I  ia  the  mtiouAl  molto 
H  iwibt  Mt  Ibi  book  tn  f]ucsttou  itt 
MiH(  Iml  aurk  nia^  i  hatv  md  rtarl 
k  I  kB«»  mtf  iiti|ied  Ibc  cmun  of  an- 
i^v^  «rlikMa,  daring  ai  a  honejli«« 
•«^  «ba  vMiltir«a  hilo  Dtofid  lii?a»— 
lai  witbout  eril  blmt 

a£ii]    iiiyiaa   haTe  been 
m  flotm^i  yncilMii,  itaoa  BtSea- 


dom*  picturing  the  eharms  and  hlandtflh- 
ments  of  woman.  Fire,  oin  and  wnter 
have  f^imisluHl  each  itci  apiiropriate  sym* 
bol ;  the  refulgeney  of  sunlight ;  the  !«!# 
cold  ^l^tter  of  the  itars ;  and  the  e?er 
ehangiti;^  uJttua  each  haa  lent  ita  pottfj 
to  «we!l  the  anthem  to  ber  prausei  why 
not  now  tax  bird^laml  7 

^ancy  thoughts  will  obb*tidej  boweverj 
wht'ti  and  where  tboy  sliould  not;  and 
PLiirt\  dL'finition  of  man*  a  biped  viikmit 
frather^f  with  Diogenes*  prai^ticul  t*lud* 
datiun  of  the  samei  a  pluekcd  chicken 
turned  in  among  bis  diMifileiL  rose  unbld- 
den  to  my  tnind^a  ayef  aad  In  Jitxtapoai^ 
tion  women  wd\  fi-»thered  I 

**Tht'rc  H  an  old  fablo^  that  Jupiter 
when  he  made  mm,  ^ve  him  bia  eboioe 
of  wiujeit,  or  injagit»ation ;  he  acoeptwl  the 
latttT^  which  ahowa  our  falmlous  pt^ge* 
nil  or  had  amae  bramx*^^  Thua,  in  «yr 
*'  Monde  dm  oiaeaux^"  i  doubt  not  chim 
be  many  pitaaaot  fandea,  b^t  bom  aa  f 
have  bean  in  an  atmospbere  of  coiumoii* 
liliMi,  iMli  Iftna  I  atriw  to  lond  bna^nir 


102 


Fowl  and  Fair, 


[July 


tion  wings,  like  those  of  Icarus,  the  wax 
will  melt,  and  I  get  a  sudden  cooling 
plunge. 

At  the  present  epoch  poetical  rhapsody 
is  not  the  language  used  to  charm  the 
&ir  sex.  There  has  heen  a  descending 
scale  in  woman  worship.  The  old  muses, 
who  were  wont  to  be  awakened,  each 
time  a  new  divinity  was  apastrophizcd, 
now  sleep  in  peace  upon  Parnassus — 
and  the  race  of  Phillises  and  Chloes,  lie 
buried  beneath  their  flowery  mounds  in 
Arcadia.  Tribute  had  been  paid  at  beauty's 
shrine  till  nature,  exhausted,  gave  up*  in 
despair  of  finding  novelty,  among  any  of 
her  elegant  symbols,  to  offer  on  the  altar 
of  adulation.  Throwing  aside  a  censer, 
which  no  longer  exhaJed  perfume,  she 
abandoned  the  worship.  Then  came  the 
Age  of  Reason,  and  woman  descending 
from  her  exaltation  abjured  blind  adora- 
tion. In  abdicating  her  hereditary  throne, 
she  may  find,  like  Christina,  by  gaining 
liberty,  she  has  lost  power — but  freedom 
is  the  watchword  of  the  age ! 

It  was  a  good  reply  of  Plato's,  to  one 
who  murmured  at  his  reproving  him  for 
a  small  matter,  "  Custom  is  no  small 
matter;"  and  it  seems  to  me  that  cus- 
tom, based  on  heavenly  wisdom,  estab- 
lished long  ago,  in  Eve's  time,  the  relative 
position  of  man  and  woman.  "  Mais  on 
a  chang6  tout  cela" — '^revenons  k  nos 
oiseaux." 

I  have  none,  as  I  have  said  before,  of 
the  Audtibon  mania,  and  know  as  little 
about  the  feathery  people,  as  the  owl  did 
about  talking,  "though  he  did  a  prodi- 
gious deal  of  thinking" — but  there  are 
some  things  which  are  obvious,  even  to 
unpoetized  minds.  The  plodding,  domes- 
tic habits  of  birds;  their  "bringing  their 
food  from  afar "  like  Solomon's  virtuous 
woman  ;  their  attention  to  their  nestlings ; 
their  indefatigable  pains  in  teaching  the 
young  idea  how  to  fly.  Their  contented, 
cheerful,  loving  lives — what  a  beautiful 
lesson  can  be  gathered  thence;  who 
would  not  wish  his  mate  a  Jenny  Wren  7 
But  alas !  Jenny  Wren,  with  her  "  cur- 
rant wine  and  cherry  pie,"  like  the  good 
Mrs.  Primrose,  is  as  much  a  rara  avis, 
in  these  our  days,  as  an  ostrich  might 
have  been  in  the  time  of  King  Arthur.  . 

The  train  of  thought  induced  from  this 
fanciful  imagery,  leads  us  to  dwell  upon 
the  present  era.  There  seems  a  note  of 
preparation  reminding  one  of  migratory 
meetings  among  the  blackbird  clans  at 
midsummer:  may  their  "Crowation" 
work  no  worse  results ! — because  forsooth 
geese  once  saved  Rome;  here,  their  de- 
aoendants  aspire  to  cackle  in  the  Capitol 


The  term  hen-pecked  has  become  honorary. 
Jays,  parrots,  and  magpies  are  dubbed 
orators,  a  phenix  endeavors  to  establish 
her  claim  as  head  of  the  fire  department — 
and  eggs  are  hatched  by  steam. 

When  Napoleon  was  asked  by  Madame 
do  Stacl  "whom  do  you  consider  the 
greatest  woman  in  France  ?  "  he  replied, 
^  she,  who  has  given  most  sons  to  the  re- 
public"— a  Roman  answer,  i*orthy  to 
be  encased  with  "  the  jewels  "  of  Cornelia. 
But  where  one  eagle  mother  is  training 
her  eaglets  to  swoop  deep  into  blue  ether 
soaring  heavenward,  their  eye  fixed  on 
the  everlasting  brightness,  there  be  thou- 
sands, birds  of  a  feather,  content  to  allow 
their  broods  hatched  in  the  forcing  house 
of  society,  to  hop  about  half  fledged, 
looking,  "as  if  nature's  journeymen  naa 
made  men.  and  not  made  them  well,  they 
imitate  humanity  so  abominably  " — ^how- 
ever, let  us  leave  there  the  genia  Aome^ 
and  turn  to  the  flock  of  pretty  creatures^ 
who  flit  about,  in  many  coloi^  plumage 
in  the  great  aviary  of  New  York.  Fre^ 
from  the  egg-shell  they  chirp,  and  twitter, 
and  flirt.  The  parent  bird  apparently 
heeds  them  not,  or  should  she  feebly, 
attempt  teaching  them  to  use  their  wings 
aright^  they  toss  o£^  and  are  away  in  mid 
air,  where  perhaps  some  hawk  or  other 
bird  of  prey,  is  ready  to  pounce  upon 
their  inexperience.  Shall  we  drop  all 
metaphor,  and  may  we  be  permitted  one 
word  of  exhortation  to  the  beautiful  part 
of  creation — our  women  ? 

Unshackled  by  the  conventionalities  of 
the  Old  World,  at  the  early  epoch  of  our 
history,  the  form  society  took  was  free 
and  guileless — such  as  villages  remote 
from  the  baneful  influence  of  cities  yet 
present — generation  after  generation,  this 
frank,  pure  freedom,  indulged,  became  a 
characteristic,  and  our  women  were  the 
most  virtuous,  perhaps,  in  the  world: 
virtue  is  daring — conscious  of  Uieir  own 
rectitude  of  intention,  they  knew  no  re- 
straints. But  a  change  has  mdually 
crept  over  the  face  of  society.  No  longer 
a  blank  three  thousand  miles  of  ocean, 
places  its  wide  barrier  to  the  encroach- 
ments of  foreign  corruption — a  bridge  of 
daily  intercourse  now  spans  that  world 
of  waters,  linking  our  republic  with  the 
nations  of  the  Old  World — our  town  has 
risen  to  be  a  great  metropolis,  where 
hordes  of  adventurers  pour  in  from  every 
dime.  They  look  on  m  astonishment  at 
our  women.  It  is  an  enigma  they  cannot 
solve:  or,  if  they  attempt  it,  put  on  it  a 
wrong  construction. 

The  freedom  is  well — the  principle  is 
well— bat  the  derelopmenk  of  droun- 


t034.] 


^wl  und  Fklf, 


tm 


Let  thcso 
kttn  t  UkI  to  the 

nn»L     LlI  ibfui  svck  uihi*r  occu* 

t  titftll  to  »i**  rVcT  on  tho  WJIIIT'      Not 
Wm  witlj  Frcjicb  enact- 

or t    luliii)    rigor,   the 

L|iarju£lul  ' ■•■\  1  would  make 

*  itljPti^  I  wouid  haro 

■HfU^      '  :  y  ni  those,  long  fiio^ 

rirm^  tbe  mothers  of 
itfUiLiic,    i  nviuld  Bay,  be  wise  in 

-Bo  wutt.  I  KCi>m  the  tnotbn!    Fol- 
\  mmt»U,  And  W  wise  £    Tbit^s  a 
I  Itick  r  fkilh  !    Itt  tLk  ah  nee  to  b& 

lliu,  I  iimginui  ibcs<i  pre  it  j  cfrcatures 

i  mj  triritncnti  ajid  ftll  mj  proti 

I  Bit  wailed ;  but  mrt  there  aot  mothefs 

I  «iU  lend  ft  willing  e&r  ?    Levity  of 

m  tho  trying  mn  of  our  eoiumu- 

hm  tlw  tfaddinit  irhool  ^rl^  to  the 

dvTvlogied    dra«rbg-ixK)m    belle— 

mm  WM  mm/0  mosor  ftrisen  to  docrj 

imf    It  It  not  within  fbe  nvrt^w 

1 0i  oar  drawmg^roomA,  that  this 

f  prmilft,  but  in  otir  Broidways 

INililic  ptftC4»k     In  imttftting  French 

importing  French  frippery^ 

bj  Mit  nnport  fthto,  Uie  guiel,  elep^nt 

r  of  the  Fiiuieniw  Jimme  tommd 

I  fitmi^  thai  i^entto  reierve  al  maDuer 

i^ich  *ttr«0ta,  whib  it  imposes  respect  i 

mil  Iw  alieeed  this  b  «JI   u-tifidaL, 

Ilia  gcnumo  pari^  of  intention  in 

piaftPTi.  f**  tkt*ir  aaleguard ;  pvited, 

t  k>  a  M  I  letnimit  there  m  fiotne- 

iifmr^  in    tlib^   public 

^  of  admiration, 

I  in  flie&^jr  maimer 

*  WOfUrij    Ti^.sf limit, 
•  It  to  A  rtSbtM.  ant »  ] 

liaia  liii!u«eid  tne^  old  cr<]i4kking  rareo 
I  am,  to  potir  forth  ray  oocroua  note  \ 
iiAve  I  W^fi  routed  to  indignation 
_  tlia  rmiark  :ir?r» ;  oRajh  hare 

'hmm  vai*}v  >ou"i5  women 

thcmaelT  '   iiMch    remark. 

tly  a-  i  i  to  lio  otip  of 

tb«   world, 
>M*uty   hi 


>M*uty   by 
H.'T,   wbicti 


Amu'Dg    ft 

V  bo  harbor 

do  the»a 

aK  %rn  (^Atal^ 

a   nab<  iis   to 

ttajpoiialiial  lfi.ui.U'A^HUii.xi— Uics  fa^i- 

l  Spamard — the  indL^leTi  1 1  talian — tbo 

'^  jKiiid  Engllshwo^ 


man.  cnchhaTe  tstahlishcd  thmr  nationali- 
ty ;  iti  the  category,  where  will  the  Ameri' 
can  be  fo  mid  ?  Fri  toIoujJt  tretn  bl  es  on  my 
pen*  Let  her  beware.  Let  those  httle 
Wotica  with  ringlets  flowing  frutti  be- 
neath their  fiuscmating  capote^  b«  not  ao 
demon stnttive  in  their  **  nmU  and  bedc|, 
and  wreathed  smiicj*,"  *- walking  and 
mincing  aa  they  go" — other  lands  are 
making  note  of  this — and  ibou^h  we  at 
home  are  satisfied,  that  their  wild  oata 
onoB  sowed,  the^  tnake  the  domcstie 
wires  that  soit  our  firesidea,  yet  there  is 
not  a  man  among  u%  hut  who  condemns 
in  his  heart,  this  public  prodigality  of 
charms;  and  not  a  woman  either,  but 
who  in  her  Hper  years  will  acknowledge 

Wh«n  ■be  vm  fnwia  Ifi  Jodpnent* 

ihe  was  allowed  ft  licence  of  froedom  to 
which  Bhe  looks  hark  with  fw>me  niorti- 
fi(»tion*  The  fault  hew  with  tht*  pnrents, 
and  as  we  started  with  an  omttbological 
allegory,  so  may  we  extend  it,  and  say, 
J  ike  the  wild  ostrich  of  the  desert  our 
women  allow  their  young  loo  early  to 
feel,  that  they  are  wami<3  into  hfe  he- 
nrjith  a  power  Ibrcign  to  the  parent  wing. 
Tliat  the  precodons  winging  their  way 
alone  in  their  tnesptnencc;  does  all  the 
harm.  Mothers  are  not  enough  with 
their  daughters,  and  I  doubt  very  mucsh, 
if  thero  existed  more  of  the  sy*itero  of 
matronly  lafinence  and  HurreiJlaneef  that 
the  gay  gronps^  who  throng  our  public 
walks  would  appear  less  like  a  field  of 
tulips,  toeing  their  heads  to  every  pasa- 
ing  hrec2et  inciting  remark  from  every 
thonghtleas  fop~<wnere  are  the;^  mothers  T 
— adopting  later  8t  Paul's  adrioa,  they 
have  beoome  stayers  at  home — htit  do 
they  dream  that  the  little  pea-green  capote, 
ana  the  two  Chinane  ptg^tatlSf  pendant 
thorcfrom,  is  imbibing  its  Urst  lesiOn,  at 
thirtei'Ut  in  ogling  und  ineijiicnt  coquetry 
at  that  nioiiieut.  from  mme  ^torklike 
figure^  whoMs  thin  legs^  balancing  an 
empty  pute,  secma  to  iitUc  i'euiseod  the 
ver)'  quiiit4?jiaesico  of  Mantstu — or  that 
her  elder  sist^;  Capote  Rosa,  has  more 
than  oneo  dwelt  witn  beaming  admiration 
on  a  gloM^  motiatache.  and  o^miileiioUf 
whkh  Faiidyke  or  Rembruudt  iniglit  ha?a 
rejoiecd  to  penetl,  Init  wbu«e  nngiii,  aa 
heir  to  »Bamo  Italian  barber  or  foreman  m 
ft  Haranft  iesar  ehof^  j»fvr  was  dreamt 
of  in  h«tr  philoflopliy.  $hv  ii^nnot  think, 
aAWa«  naidofEoinbrar  Frenoli^ 

author  J  **  cotnme  lea  D  j  <  f  en  t  }*m 

oii  iU  ont  fia^ftl-i,'*  Xii,  1  iMilicvo  my 
lovely  countrywomen  JWl  aa  keenly  that 
well- respect,  and  pride,  eich  wOBmi'ft  an^ 


lOi 


Natural  DiplmnatUti. 


[Jdy 


guard,  as  any  others  in  the  world— they 
are  sent  adrift  too  young,  and  their  ex- 
perience is  bought  at  too  high  a  prioe. 
My  cases  are  extreme,  it  is  true ;  but  let 
each  gay  capote  tax  herself,  and  say, 
whether  she  has  not  been  exposed  to  just 
such  a  fatality,  by  that  open  careless  de- 
fiance of  criticism  which  is  practised  on 
our  public  promenades. 

The  thankless  task  of  censorship  is 
closed.  For  me,  there  will  be  scowls  and 
the  turned  lip  of  scorn ;  but  there  is 
within  the  hearty  a  standard  of  right  and 


wrong ;  and  if  my  fair  young  friends  will 
bring  their  thoughts  and  actions  before 
that  tribunal,  coolly  and  calmly,  they 
need  seek  nowhere  else  for  counsel  how 
to  act — we  take  our  coloring  from  our 
prejudices  and  passions,  but  if  a  virtuous 
mind,  calls  itself  to  account,  it  will  rarely 
go  astray  from  the  pure  internal  decision 
of  its  heart  judge. 

"TowUftilonefl, 
The  li^ariefl  Uiat  thej  themielTtfl  proeora 
MoBt  be  their  schoolmutenL** 


NATURAL    DIPLOMATISTS. 


NATURE  and  Lord  Chesterfield  about 
the  same  time  entered  upon  a  trial 
of  skill  in  producing  diplomatists.  The 
parties  were  as  nearly  matched  as  they 
ever  can  be,  where  nature  is  on  one  side, 
and  a  man  on  the  other.  Both  parties 
exerted  themselyos  to  the  utmost,  and  the 
contest  was  a  very  spirited  one  I — it  will 
be  long  before  the  world  tires  of  reading 
of  the  strup:gles  of  both  parties.  The  re- 
sult was — Nature  produced  Franklin,  and 
Chesterfield  a  learned  booby.  Similar 
contests  had  taken  place  before,  and  have 
taken  place  since ;  but  Nature  always  has 
had  greater  odds  in  her  favor  upon  other 
occasions,  in  the  adversary  against  which 
she  has  been  pitted. 

Our  old  spelling-books  used  to  have  for 
a  motto — 

**^TiB  education  fbnnB  the  common  mind. 
Just  as  the  twig  is  bent  the  tree*s  inclined.** 

The  twig  in  the  case  of  Franklin  and 
Chesterfield,  as  in  all  other  cases,  was 
first  bent  by  nature,  and  the  father  of  the 
one  could  not  bend  his  son  to  a  taste  for 
the  soapboiler's  trade,  any  more  than  the 
flBither  of  the  other  could  bend  his  son  to 
a  taste  for  diplomacy. 

Benjamin  Franklin  was  one  of  the  most 
extraordinary  men  the  country  or  the 
world  has  produced.  Bancroft  says,  "  he 
was  the  greatest  diplomatist  of  the  eight- 
eenth century.  lie  never  spoke  a  word 
too  soon;  ho  never  spoke  a  word  too 
late;  never  spoke  a  word  too  much, 
and  he  never  failed  to  speak  the  right 
word  at  the  right  season." 

Bancroft,  as  is  well-known,  is  a  very 
able  diplomatist  himself  and  no  one  is 
better  qualified  to  judge  of  Franklin's 
merits  in  this  respect  than  he. 

Franklm,  being  the  son  of  a  poor  soap- 


boiler, had  very  slender  advantages  for 
an  early  education ;  but  the  strong  mind 
and  great  love  of  knowledge  that  nature 
had  given  him,  soon  enabled  him  to  step 
forth  from  the  obscure  condition  in  which 
he  was  bom.  The  country  has  been 
tolerably  prolific  in  good  diplomatists 
since  FranKlin's  time ;  but  we  can  pro- 
bably count  the  period  that  will  intervene 
before  we  have  another  like  him.  by  cen- 
turies. 

Ex-President  Van  Buren  is  a  very  able 
diplomatist,  and  his  father,  we  believe, 
bore  but  little  resemblance  to  Chester- 
field, or,  at  least,  subjected  his  son  to  no 
such  diplomatic  training  as  Chesterfield 
did  his. 

We  hardly  know  of  any  exhibition — 
Herr  Alexander's  not  excepted — calca- 
lated  to  create  in  a  spectator  greater  ca- 
riosity and  astonishment  than  that  of  an 
interview  between  Talleyrand  and  Van 
Burcn,  in  which  each  was  trying  to 
"pump"  the  other.  Van  Buren  himself, 
we  believe,  has  given  an  account  of  his 
last  interview  with  Tallejrrand,  when  he 
(Van  Buren)  was  minister  to  the  court 
of  London ;  on  which  occasion,  (in  com- 
mon with  most  others  when  they  met, 
we  presume,)  the  curious  and  interesting 
operation  spoken  of  above,  was  mutually 
sought  to  be  performed.  The  day  Van 
Buren  was  to  leave  England  for  the  United 
States,  Talleyrand,  happening  at  the  time 
to  be  in  London,  call^  upon  him,  and 
seemed  to  have  something  important  to 
communicate.  Van  Buren  did  not  (we 
do  not  say  could  not)  speak  French,  and 
there  was  no  interpreter  at  hand.  Time 
was  predouSj  and  what  was  to  be  donet 
In  previous  mterviews,  they  had  always 
communicated  with  each  other  throogh 
the  medium  of  an  interpreter.  YanBrntn 


1884] 


rSitrral  MplomaUitn. 


IDS 


fcrrgrMi 
«it  iMrrcwi 


nil»  ft  motion  poUl^  m^tma^  of  hfa 
npti  mi  the  jnffcwiiilniK  flf  the  int«r- 
fitw,  ft&d  mlm  of  the  mtmsAtf  of  hi«  go- 
iaf<  After  nn  im|)AtJ«ttt  gt^tun  or  tiro, 
f^^ajfVttJ  bn^ki^  out  in  v^f  ^uod  fing^ 
liilt,  witik  ^*  Willi,  wcU,  if  thm  w  no  in- 
|vpr«  *  i^>^  1  mufil  talk  English^ 
If  mz  :  i^DcEu^^ 

W«  Tvrn  wTP*f<s«ii  to  bo  vpiy  well  in- 
liranltJi  m  (Wictot  Van  Bun^n^B  ki\<m* 
M^  9f  Ungiuie^  bat  we  wunld  just 
flMil  ilMit  if  ftQj  SiSft  hftpiH'nf.^(l  to  t>o 
iBWceoiWiTi  iiw  dafnv^l  to  dimimtmi- 
cal*  mmmMamU*  another  thut  he  dktii^t 
wiih  Mr.  Vft0  Bursn  to  understrntKi,  thut 
hr  rfi0Qld  vne  iOtDi  olhir  Iftoguige  th&n 
tfa»  Frmdi* 

Tb««  vn^e  two  wotnrn  m  the  iKst 
Ufciotiuy  who  ilispliiyed  extraordiniry 
■HJnwitir  trnkaitu;  no  VxtrftoHinaryf  in 
tet^  thfti  Ibr  m  ione  tiiiic  they  possessed 
'  gTMl  '^  '  '  '^'0  of  the  preat^ 

■r  many  (x*ntu- 
I1i»  pftaOnmij  luia  exrn-twd  no  liltlo  C(sn- 

tiol  ««w  thv  dastioiefl  of  Europe.  Wc 
illa4t  to  titi*  Empress  Jo^eephine  and  to 
l^df  BttEtUton.  We  [rjok  ill  vain  fur  iny 
itiAllgff  of  the  bc!ii4i]]g  of  the  Iwr^  to- 
tnnlv  ittfikntiaef  In  the  early  (wi>  cannot 
mj  adiiQitfaHi,  fbr  on«  of  thctn  had  none,) 
Itlligillg  Op  of  tho  diutg^hterfi  of  the  YVeiit 
Vnlb^  ta4aot«r,  and  the  {loor  Itiborer  of 
ijiirminirr^  Kitar«,  in  stpiie  af  the  mo.st 
ftd terse  drrtTTTi^f  nTK*r^,  yf^'mt'd  bt*nt  up<:m 
■dbngtlt*-  Mtif.  Powell, 

thp  aiiw<  *  >.^  of  her  time, 

Md  I  vrt^rc  both  j»7rvants 

iMt^r  of  a  Dr.  Bndd*-<one 

t  MHi»'rtmi'i,  M  'h(jr  a  uurHery- 

■MhL     W^   ler  ,\\  the  scrvitx'^ 

|0«  Yimlind,  cai^uiui^ii  to  fomhi&dow 
llbi&  I^BifOiiMa  lly*y  both  aflorwanU 
iflfti  mrt  Tk^  hciftM^  of  Tmfnlgtr  and 
AurtpriiU  nvTt*r  bowed  to  anotiier^M  in* 
%aamm  wm  ihejr  bowed  to  tlmt  of  the  two 

m  liNig  |«i>6tf>t|*    l>i  ^TT  of  ono 

«C  tlmB  woaH4i  oTcr  ibo  creatMt  of 
imi  Imvocs,  only  teniiiiuit«a  with  hk 

Wick  what  a  lamh  Hand  nattirt  show- 
t  dioiaect  gifbi  upon  that  rvmark- 
matXK  Lady  [lamilCon,  ftnd  what  a 
of  «xperirooe  nhe  underwent  in 
g  from  a  Uborpr^tf  hovd  to  that 
•be  ftllaiMd  m  ib«  wife  of  the 
snbaMaKkr,  and  ui  the  more  tlmti 
roCyto  who  wa»  I*  ri..H.-,.r.^.  i.i,,i      u',. 
biv«  tbi<  Imiit  of  at  3^ 

tlttlK 
10  Ibr 

•M^  iwiItU^  a«iii  hmi4  io  cittuk     Nature^ 


howevLT,  rndowod  the  poor  serrant  gtflj 
Emnm  Lyuu,  with  i;iidi  a  universality  of 
genius,  that  she  bounded  uvcr  thcN^  i>t4:!pa 
With  an  ease  and  Jightnesa  hardl_\^  paral- 
leled in  the  realms  of  romance.  From 
bein^  a  poor  mirsery^maid,  and  hired 
model  for  artists^  we  find  l*er  a  few  years 
later  the  wife  of  a  dbtinguiKhed  Engli*th 
ambassador  at  NaplcK — a  woman  un- 
Ofjiialled  in  the  beauty  of  her  person,  in 
the  grace,  elegance^  anil  fascinations  cf  her 
manner^  in  the  extent,  yariety^  and  irre- 
fiisttble  ohartn  of  her'  ajceomplMthmonts* 
From  rtmnliig  at  the  sound  of  the  bell  to 
rettHve  oniers  for  menial  senrice  tn  the 
honfio  of  a  teacher,  we  find  lier  f^iving  or- 
ders to  the  British  fieet  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, ruling  th^  court  of  Naples,  and 
completely  subjugating  the  heart  of  that 
s^iniple*minded.  ardent,  impetuous^  fleiy- 
fioulcd  hero,  Nelwon. 

A  most  inscrutable  bending  of  the  twig 
was  that  which  indicatetl  the  future  career 
of  the  poor  servant  girl,  Emma  Lyon. 

Marie  Louise,  the  daughter  of  the  House 
of  Hft|isburg5  might  have  licen  exj^ected  to 
have  Bueked  in  diplouuMry  with  her  luoth- 
erV  milk.  The  twig  in  her  ca^se^  as  well 
as  in  that  of  most  daughters  of  kin^ 
eould  not  well  be  suppotied  to  be  bent  by 
ctrcuinstance«  in  iny  other  direction  Uian 
lowarda  diplomacy  ;  yet  it  is  well  known 
how  she  (Himpared  with  Josephine  in 
di|ploTimtic  powers ;  one  was  full  of  saga- 
city, ai!!uteness^  nnil  ttict,  tbe  other  wa*i  but 
lit  tic  removed  from  a  iilo«:khead. 

L«>uis  XVL,  who  from  infancy  to  man- 
hood, couhl  have  breathed  no  o  their  air 
than  a  diplomatic  one,  wlioie  bib  and 
tucker  m  a  baby,  whoM^  Jiekit  tnd  trou- 
ierit  ajt  a  bvy^  whos^c  coat  ftnd  wig  as  a 
man,  n^unt  nuce^Karily  hare  been  deeply 
impregnnted  with  di[»lt>inftry.  was  almost 
de vo  i  d  o  f  capari  ty  iw  a  i  i  i  p  1  *j  i  uatt^ t.  Whit 
ailed  the  inclination  of  the  tree  in  th# 
cai*e  of  this  poor,  unfortunate  king,  b«  wdl 
an  in  that  of  ni08t  of  the  rent  of  the  Bonr- 
bona  ■?  If  ho  had  lived  rn  Cijuneetieut  at 
the  present  time^  he  migtit  have  ma^Je  % 
fortune^  and  acquinKi  some  dij^tinction  as 
a  locksmith  J  or  h*  might  luive  rendered 
8omo  service  to  the  Indian  tribes  with 
whom  \\%A  iHin  Elra/4?r  iti  »aid  to  bave 
»t^  i  "  ■  '■'■]■-  '  ..  ^^  x^  ji  ^f0^  j^ 
n*  i  Atiiic^  the  society 

ol  >:iiv  Jill*  jiJinj-MrjM  w  y  men.  of  his  con  r- 
tiiTR.  lj<Kjk»,  every  IhmIv  and  vvury  tiling  to 
pi't  awny  by  himself  .njfi  irorAc  on  lofJfci  / 
Whut  a  nm^nlnr  umtiince  uf  llic  tiute  and 
iiKliiialimi  uf  II  m«n  runnsn^r  u  hulh  cuiju- 
ti'r   to   ht^   €«hu*atitm   lutd  w^i 

what  an  imitanev  of  a  lo\*e    !  *  !»y 

nature  for  what  was  ao  (ar  remo. 


106 


Natural  JHphmatUU. 


[Jul, 


the  thoughts  and  habits  of  those  among 
whom  he  was  brought  up. 

Nature  is  oftentimes  very  irreverent  to- 
wards works  of  men  that  the  multitude 
arc  taught  to  hold  in  great  veneration ; 
but  it  never  would  have  been  believed  a 
century  before,  that  she  could  have  been 
guilty  of  so  great  a  disresf)ect  to  the  mem- 
ory of  that  pompous  and  "solemn  swell" 
Louis  XIV.,  as  to  have  dared  to  make  a 
locksmith  of  his  descendant. 

The  career  of  Franklin  shows  with  what 
an«  inexorable  will  nature  seems  some- 
times to  decree  that  her  work  shall  break 
through  all  the  trammels  and  impediments 
by  which  circumstances  have  hemmed  in 
and  surrounded  it.  When  Franklin  was 
sent  minister  to  France,  "he  found  on  reach- 
ing there  that  his  reputation  had  preceded 
him.  His  arrival  in  Paris  created  the 
most  intense  sensation.  The  greatest  men 
in  Europe  flocked  around  him.  and  vied 
with  each  other  as  to  which  should  do 
him  greatest  honor.  The  great  philoso- 
pher was  as  plain  and  simple  in  his  attire, 
as  modest  and  unassuming  in  his  manners, 
when  the  observed  of  all  observers  at  the 
most  magnificent  court  in  Europe,  as  he 
was  when  in  his  printing-office  in  Phila- 
delphia. But  there  was  as  much  diplo- 
matic cunning  pi-obably  exercised  in  the 
arrangement  of  that  plain  quaker  toilet 
of  his,  as  was  ever  evinced  in  the  most 
elaborate  and  costly  one  that  diplomatist 
ever  wore.  Sheer  force  of  intellect  had 
enabled  him  to  burst  the  bonds  which  had 
held  him  in  obscurity,  add  he  quietly 
kicked  aside  or  clomb  over  all  the  obsta- 
cles that  encumbered  his  path,  until  he 
took  his  place  by  the  side  of  the  mightiest 
in  the  land.  The  soap-boiler  diplomatist 
and  the  Bourbon  locksmith,  in  the  course 
of  human  events,  were  brought  face  to 
face,  and  as  they  confronted  each  other, 
the  spectator  might  have  exclaimed  '^Look 
on  this  picture ;  and  on  this." 

**  See,  tchat  a  grace  was  teaUd  on  thia  frroto, 
A  comblnaUoD,  and  a  funUf  indeed. 
Where  every  god  did  seem  to  sot  tila  seal, 
To  give  tbe  world  assurance  of  a  man.** 

This  was  one  picture ;  the  other  was  a 
good-natured  simpleton,  with  a  little  ca- 
pacity for  lockmaking. 

While  Franklin  was  creating  such  a 
commotion  at  that  codrt  of  which  Mario 
Antoinette  was  the  head  and  leading  spi- 
rit, the  daughter  of  the  poor  Lancashire 
laborer  was  spending  her  time  at  ordinary 
servitude ;  but  she  became,  not  many  years 
after,  the  confidante  of  the  sister  <$f  Marie 
Antoinette,  who  was  queen  of  Naples,  the 
ruler  of  her  conduct,  and  the  controller 
of  her  fortunes. 


The  Bourbons  were  a  very  fastidious 
family  (most  of  them),  and  Louis  XV. 
(except  among  his  mistresses)  could  not 
hold  much  communion  only  with  persons 
whose  blood  had  been  purified  by  at  least 
two  centuries  refinement  in  the  ranks  of 
the  nobility. 

A  woman  of  decided  ability  in  his  reign 
was  declared  to  be  ineligible  to  some  post 
about  the  throne,  because  only  about » 
century  had  elapsed  since  her  family  had 
first  been  ennobled.  Nevertheless,  if 
Louis  XVL  and  Maria  Ix>uise  had  asked 
Franklin  and  Lady  Hamilton  concerning 
their  pedigree,  after  giving  them  an  ac- 
count of  it,  they  might  with  a  good  deal 
of  significance  have  asked  the  question  so 
earnestly  put  in  **  Our  Best  Society,"  to 
a  nobody  who  was  the  son  of  somebody, 
*'  But,  by  Jupiter,  king  of  gods  and  met, 
who  are  you  7  " 

Lord  Jeffrey's  speculations  upon  the 
early  career  of  Franklin  are  as  interesting 
as  they  are  original.  The  reader,  we 
think,  will  forgive  us  for  making  the 
quotation,  if  he  should  be  familiar  with  it. 
"We  caimot  help  fancying,"  says  liis 
lordship,  "  that  if  Franklin  had  been  bred 
in  college,  he  would  have  contented  him- 
self with  expounding  the  metres  of  Pin- 
dar, and  mixing  argument  with  his  port 
in  the  common  room,  and  that  if  Boston 
had  abounded  with  men  of  letters,  he 
would  never  have  ventured  to  come  forth 
from  his  printing-house ;  or  been  driven 
back  to  it,  at  any  r.ate,  by  the  sneers  ot 
the  critics,  after  the  first  publication  of 
his  Essays  in  the  Busy  Body."  Lord 
Jeffrey  considers  that  Franklin  became  a 
great  man  because  he  lived  in  his  younger 
days  away  from  a  highly  cultivated  and 
retmed  literary  society.  (Our  inference 
is  drawn  from  the  whole  article,  and  not 
from  this  particular  extract.)  lie  at- 
tributes his  success  principally  to  what  he 
escaped.  And  what  did  he  escape?  Why. 
he  escaped  the  unwholesome  influence  of 
a  college  education,  and  the  society  of  re- 
fined and  learned  men,  and  enjoyed  nt- 
stead  (when  he  was  not  occupied  at  soap- 
boiling,  printing,  or  with  his  books,)  the 
society  of  coarse-minded  and  unlearned 
men!  Most  of  the  other  diplomatists 
whose  lives  we  have  been  considering^  or 
propose  to  consider,  happily  had  similar 
privileges.  They  all  enioyed  the  advan- 
tage in  their  younger  days  of  a  freedom 
from  intelligent  and  cultivated  society; 
and  while  we  have  sought  for  the  germ 
of  their  success  in  the  irresistible  prompt- 
ings of  nature,  Lord  Jeffrey  would  ascribe 
it  to  their  having  escaped  those  great  evili^ 
a  regular  education  and  the  oontaminsttng 


1884.] 


foltffsl  JHphnmHiH. 


tor 


^WilL  «mv  did  you  inwl**  smys  Mra, 
emhh  iA  Mrs*  Brown,  **  Nii,  I  iif  ver," 
m|illH  Mm*  Brown ;  and  these  a:imTni^ntg 
mmffmu  »JJ  wv  hAve  to  saj  in  reply  to 

Onooftbt'  ;  *  '  i<'i»fi  hor*>en  or  the 
fiVBCll   IteVT.  ru  Hochc,  a  man 

vImi  ioraiod  Uj  l^jiuuhk!:  kU  thi*  talent  tiiid 
l^iBi  ol  NipolaOD  with  greiikr  inte^rtty 

Inordioary  Ulcnts  for  diploutary.  From 
til*  feiei  of  hi5  hiTin^  bwri  ihe  son  ol  a 
iMMEtlen  tDftiiy  wotitil  giipi^fOHO  rh»t  the 
tul;^  litff^Uing  of  llic  twig  tow&rds  diplo- 
mmcsr.  in  hut  mm,  m  fftr  a&  uduciitiun  that 
way  went^  muBt  hftto  been  very  stiprht, 
W*s»  bowcirer.  mre  otb<:*rwjgc  mmd.>«l.  We 
09VW  yet  knew  m  very  ehrcwd  horse- 
JodceTT  who,  we  think /would  not  m^ke 
B  gopi  «Jr(iIotnmt[st.  Hi.'  Almost  iiiyanAblj 
pmmamat  a  good  knowledge  of  butrmn  nar 
Imi  <takk  penotrttion  into  and  aeut^  die- 
oraimtkin  of  ot  i  r-  •  -  -  r  :in  sjtnn  i  a  te 
iBJ  dimama.1ai#  wr  Iidw  to  con* 

«nl  tnmialf  from  ci....*.  .  ..^4xtiaa£ 

*3vt  Itwiikt  Ukf^ «ir*i7  flfhtr  dmii 

It  wfU  b«  rwolWtid  with  what  indig- 
iiOt  ijtonUhmf'nt  the  elder  ^\lr.  Wc^ller 
IWIIHP'1  nf  hill  ^'yn  SmmV  disicomflture  in 
Ck«  ffiploma}  y<T    between  him 

ami  i\m  "  m*    >  i^p  in  MitlWrry.*^ 

DnMtftfifff  tlic  AihaiiUgCji  of  eirly  ediH 
fltttinn  8m  had  enjoyed,  runoinn  ih« 
illiiat%  h  '  '  sltfoping  about  th^ 

■tfiai^  ^STelW  iboiiKlit  it 

Vii  diser»<^i^»K  .^ML..j<  ijoyi  are  vory  apt 
l»  Im  Jbrvwil  and  xharp-wittad^  and  wo 
■a^eomider  Boche^a  rducation  an  raib^ 
fte«tor»iMi  fbr  th^  derelopsient  of  the  dt- 
|dom*tir  ialcnt  Of  the  unhappr  fklca 
wli  I   upoTi  mi  tiiJiiiy  of  I  tit*  prt>- 

BUii  '>r  tho   Fr**m'h   R<fVtituiMin^ 

tkmiM  %rm  InH  f»'W,  morf-  to  hate  t»een  do« 
plorad  tliati  thrtt  nf  r  rrn.  llucbv.  Me  was 
o^pOBBtl  to  >  '!  poil1on1^d  at  tluj 

a^rfy  a«w  t^i  urio    ail«r   hivm^c 

'  cyidenoe  of  his  cnpii' 
;Ai««]yui  «nd  i^etieral* 

Aim«Ki  imiii  ''       ti  :».   —    rtilatlUg 

Qpgvi  what  <  ocmao<^ 

awBcwii  if  l»i  li"^  ««^.  j*<^  T^..ii  uiN  arniy 
m  Ireland ;  and  wa  are  inolined  to  birlieTe 
ItMA  cbe  <ac«aiy  of  no  singla  fitateninan 
Imh  dona  NO  miieli  tor  Snietand  the  lant 
eaiit«ry,  m  thai  adeeree  wiod  ha  eooouti- 
lefMi  whkh  obUfid  h^m  to  put  baok  to 
Franctt*    Hwn^kftn   hw  teatiBed   to  hia 

''Uaclie  wv  one  of  itit  llr«t  f/fomh 
UmI  «far   Ffifloi    |istMliioed«      Ha  wa4 


bratOj  intelligent  aboundinfe  in  talent, 
deciKive  and  penetrating.  If  he  hacl  land- 
ed in  Ireland,  be  would  hate  aucocedcd* 
11(9  was  accustomed  to  ci^il  war.  hud  paci' 
fied  La  Vendee,  and  was  well  adnptwl  for 
Ireland,  He  had  a  flne^  handsome  f\pm\ 
a  ^)od  addre^^  and  was  prepos8t^a^ing  ani 
intriguinj^/^  Thiers  Iclis  m  tb*t  be  wha 
Itioked  upon  by  all  republicans  m  the 
only  man  who  could  singly  have?  sucoe^^ 
fully  opposed  Xapoicon.  He  was  certain- 
ly macje  of  very  superior  stuff  to  what 
most  of  Bonaparte^s  marshals  and  general s 
were  oornpo»ed  ofj  and  if  he  had  lived 
would  uudoubtedly  have  proved  a  formida- 
ble riTal  to  him.  The  French  Retotutioii,  it 
is  Tery  well  known,  was  exceedingly  pro- 
lific in  every  variety  of  villaiiis,  from  tha 
ominary  rascal  to  moui^tera  more  wot^ 
derfnl  than  "  the  anthropojihafa  and  men 
whose  heads  do  grow  beneath  their  ahoiil- 
ders."  A  man  who  occupied  about  a 
halfway  position  between  the  two*  was 
Foticb^v  the  notorious  chit^f  of  piyYuyi  lo 
NafMnleoiu  The  necessity  of  employing 
such  consummate  rascab  about  a  throne, 
wc  think  dearly  enough  ahows  why  it  ik 
that  *'  uneasy  lies  the  head  that  wear«  a 
crr»wn."  Notwithstanding  the  numerotia 
and  unmitigated  villanies  of  Fouchc*^  he 
wa«  a  very  able  diplomatist  Nifjoleoti 
said  '^  be  could  worm  all  your  eecreta  out 
of  you  mth  an  air  of  catmneM  and  utieon- 
cero/'  We  iniroduoe  the  following  anec- 
dote of  him,  aji  related  by  Alison*  for  the 
double  purpose  of  showing  the  diplomatic 
akill  of  the  supple  and  un^rupubua 
floouodrvl,  and  also  of  tllu^lraCmg  what 
mighty  events  may  depend  uiion  seem* 
ingly  very  irivul  circuioistnTit'es, 

"That  unparalk'<led  inlri^UiT.  who  tiad 
Ijoen  in  communication  with  Wdlinaloa 
and  Mctt«rnich  all  the  time  lie  wa.^  olii«f 
miniKter  under  NafH>leon|  had  promi^  to 
fui-ni)4h  the  English  general  not  only  with 
the  oxi£t  mument  of  attack,  but  with  the 
plan  of  the  campaign*  Welling?  fnn  w$m 
hourly  in  e^tpeotation  of  tliin  int^]ligem\>, 
whioh  woulci  have  enabltnt  him  Ui  know 
in  what  direction  he  lihould  n 
hi»  lonxtti  I  and  thenoo  it  wast  t , 
tncittonl««i  is  his  cantonments,     iww 


did   not 


it,  nmgt   l>e  given    In] 


Foudil^i  oim  wordg : 

WmmMi    and     bird    \ 
pfcmiiaed   marvelg   i^nd    i 
Engliith    gt^n«!ralii^simQ  c 
ttlmuhl  at  the  very  Itrjwt  ^i . 
of  the  eatapaigD^     I  kn«yw  lui 
tlie  ualbrttfoeii  attack  would  t>^i 
tb«  ieth  or  18th  at  latwt     N 
taoded  lo  gtve  battle  oo  Uie  1 
Eilgliab    army   a£br    havmg 


liuiJi:licd 


110 


Editorial  Note$ — Ameriean  Literature. 


fJol, 


ones,  and  are  by  no  means  rare  in  the 
world.  They  are  contained  in  the  follow- 
ing extract : — "  Wits  have  not  always 
been  good  ambassadors;  and  vain  men 
have  generally  been  the  dupes  of  the 
nation  that  they  were  sent  to  dupe.  The 
best  ambassador  is  the  plodding,  dull 
man.  who  proses  and  bores  his  hearers, 
until  he  has  fairly  wearied  out  the  patience 
of  those  whom  he  is  sent  to ;  such  char- 
acters have  generally  succeeded  in  gaining 
for  their  courts  what  they  wanted."  Yes, 
and  such  characters,  the  world  over,  are 
pretty  apt  to  succeed  in  gaining  whatever 
they  set  their  hearts  upon.  Our  own 
observation  of  the  almost  uniform  suc- 
cess which  waits  upon  those  persons  in 
every  department  and  sphere  of  life  who 
possess  these  qualities,  gives  us  an  un- 
dying faith  in  the  truth  of  the  observa- 
tions. Who  will  hesitate  to  add  their 
testimony  to  the  fact  that  the  perseve- 
ring, energetic,  brazen-faced,  rhinoceros- 
skinned  dunce,  all  over  the  world,  meets 
with  twice  as  much  success  in  life,  as  the 
modest,  sensitive,  quick-witted,  man  of 
genius  ? 

Chesterfield  and  Talleyrand  were  un- 
doubtedly two  of  the  ablest  diplomatists 
the  world  has  produced,  and  were  also  two 
of  the  greatest  wits;  yet  we  have  the 
testimony  of  the  former  to  the  effect,  that 
wit  stands  greatly  in  the  way  of  success ; 
and  in  the  following  extract  which  we 
give  from  Chesterfidd,  he  may  be  con- 


sidered as  indorsing  the  truth  of  the  pre- 
vious French  writer. 

"  That  ready  wit,  which  you  so  partially 
allow  me,  may  create  many  admirers; 
but.  take  my  word  for  it  it  makes  few 
friends.  It  shines  and  dazzles  like  the 
noon-day  sun,  but,  like  that  too.  is  yctj 
apt  to  scorch ;  and  therefore  is  always 
feared.  The  milder,  morning  and  evening, 
light  and  heat  of  that  planet  sooth  and 
calm  our  minds,  (jood  sense,  complai- 
sance, gentleness  of  manners,  attentions, 
and  graces,  are  the  only  things  that  truly 
engage,  and  durably  keep  the  heart  at 
long  run.  Never  seek  for  wit ;  if  it  pre- 
sents itself;  well  and  good ;  but  even  in 
that  case,  let  your  judgment  interpose ; 
and  take  care  that  it  he  not  at  the  ex- 
pense of  any  body.  Pope  says  very 
truly — 

*  There  are  whom  beaTen  has  bleat  with  store  of  wit, 
Yet  want  as  macb  again  to  govern  tt' 

And  in  another  place,  I  doubt  with  too 
much  truth — 

*  For  wit  and  Judgment  erer  are  at  strife. 

Though  meant  each  other'a  aid,  like  man  and  wills.* " 

Hardly  any  two  other  men  could  be 
found  better  qualified  to  pronounce  judg- 
ment upon  the  profitableness  or  unprofit- 
ableness of  wit,  than  Pope  and  Chester- 
field, for  both  of  them  had  a  very  unusual 
endowment  of  it. 


EDITORJAL   NOTES. 


LITEBATUBE. 
American. — A  most  alarming  avalanche 
of  female  authors  has  been  pouring 
upon  us  the  past  three  months,  nearly  all 
of  whom  arc  new ;  and  we  have  allowed 
a  large  heap  of  books  to  accumulate, 
while  we  have  been  waiting  for  an  oppor- 
tunity to  attack  them  and  classify  them. 
The  success  of  Uncle  Tom  and  Fanny 
Fern,  has  been  the  cause,  doubtless,  of 
this  rapid  development  of  female  genius, 
but  among  these  new  books  by  ladSes,  wo 
recognize  the  names  of  some  familiar  and 
popular  authors.  Nearly  all  of  these 
books  are  novels,  and  it  is  rather  remark- 
able that  only  one  is  on  the  womanly  sub- 
^t  of  cookery,  an  art  which  is  popularly 
imagined  to  belong  exclusively  to  the  gen- 
tle sex.  But,  if  we  wanted  to  say  an  ill- 
natured  thinp;  about  woman,  which  there 
to  no  possibibtj  of  oar  erer  being  guilty 


of,  we  should  say  that  all  the  good  cookery 
books  have  been  the  production  of  men. 
Certainly,  no  woman  has  yet  distinguished 
herself  by  a  treatise  on  the  culinary  art 
while  many  men  have.  The  famous 
cookery  book  of  Mrs.  Qlasse,  which  is  of- 
tener  alluded  to  than  read,  it  is  well 
known,  was  not  written  by  a  woman. 
Mrs.  Glasse  was  only  a  sell;  and  her 
witty  recipe  for  cooking  a  hare  is  the 
only  recipe  of  hers  which  has  been  re- 
membered. If  there  has  ever  been  a  fe- 
male cook  of  sufficient  importance  to  be 
known  beyond  the  purlieus  of  the  kitchen 
in  which  she  worked,  we  must  confess 
ourselves  ignorant  of  her  name  and 
achievements.  Ail  the  renowned  dishes 
that  bear  the  names  of  their  inventors, 
have  been  the  productrans  of  masculine 
grains,  and  we  monld  be  as  much  snr- 
priaed  to  hear  that  a  lady  had  invented  a 


iieratuTf. 


Ill 


mw  diih,  -  "  of  1  Itijv 

Vftttti  or  Soyrr* ;  not  *'veQ  a  fi*fti»il**  Hril- 
kt-5J«»ifcrTo,  '  The  n»  '  "^ 


1^  r«eet|>is  nt 


I   nrt'   biw<*e<l  on  hm 
Mi^,  und  on  & 
hJH  fill  Mi  IDC?  Art. 
"lid  b« 
^   mid 
btti  of  f^uf^n  rifanit.***  jumI  tiicmi:^!- 
sboald  bs  itn* 
mnd  we  sre  boqnd  to  say  tlmt 
Ledlk*  wrrt**  with  ^rc*  t  «ta« 
h«f  li^Dgtm^  19  someiifDii 
tiMl  her  metmng  unotirUisa  Thvn 
it  b  wilh  putn  wv  mJlude  to  ilm  ft^ 
b  too  eTifkrit.  llmt  ^li^  tliinka  too 
Iff  the  J^tt**t  mrt  w^M^h  ^he  hfti  at- 
/  lo  itvve  mitniriinnii  in.    It  ig  n^t 
tar  mIi  wm  with  ibc  gre«t  miHt^i^ 
tb«    w^Hd  their  dob  turd  by 
tte  dte*ert*li«if)«  on  jmt-a-feti^ 
tad  othf  I    '     '•    :  to|>icj?,  an 
mig  jmi^t ;  1  }icr  things 

worid  fthff  rifirfiriH  »h  t^rititlrd  to  thfi 
cC  •  human  bt^iojt  b««ide«  pof*a* 
Iftlbtifcry '^^  "  ■    *'^'~Hn<*k,t^onr 
^  '  following 

*Ab«  y  oj<  »«- 

THICK  allowed  by 

tit  ^Ta  1  .lasses!'* 

. !  **  and  m 
M|gb  a  t#w  tittfpHi  tmlii  wf  stumble 
gnoii  th«  dtr90lioi»  Ibr  making 
akc&  and  vtewini:  terraninn*     Now^ 
irery  rfiaractcmtii?  find  womanlyj 
t  wm  «wd  not  h4vo  tt  ,  wo 

i^  to  «p»  women  wt^  i  jiui 

■idar  that  the  tit]  ^  i.s^  Nicw 

bvdph^  foE  Coo4  '^'oon  a  tt>- 

^illprr!^''  .  ;^tid  mnothcr 

^'aTclv   wo  find 

liirlin. w..,viui B«ak  Duickifi* 

I  lit  111  1M  ntamdifitood  u  qh- 

^  Mi**  T4-*II('#  nM\n|it  l^xik,  we 

if'  ' 'libit* 

,  'J   fijr 

inaArmjSmfVk  »i  waii  iultfud««i  t  ^^ 

I  •#«  fbr  AoNiyicait  ilishaa  atici  mad^ 

la  tka  Anmoan  Utuwm- 


lelinsiiruii 


wife,  and  no  on*,  wu  pFC^mitne,  will  be  dis- 
fxised  to  qnarrvl  with  tbc  nuthor  for  ftv- 
ing  naore  ruforrnntion  Ihiin  she  promised. 
Such  a  book,  1*^*  a  yottng  hous<?ket?por, 
who"  knows  (i  cood  dt*ftl  more  jiliowt  th^ 
pmno  Umn  ^nes  or  pudditif^s,, — and  nearly 
all  young  ti  '  rn  in  this  country, 
aiT  of  that  -  r  lic»  a  rt^al  blessing. 

For  sojch,  e.^im  iHjj  V  iviiw*  Lc<^lic  haA  jp^ifcn 
copious  direction i  for  *'tbc  iielection  of 
suitable  trtieles,  in  pr<?pjiring  br^^akfas^ts, 
dinners  and  suppers"  whicli  will  l»o  found 
not  the  least  instrnctivo  part  of  her  fol- 
unie.  There  am  the  oombinstions  of  Tiiy 
siniple  elements  for  aliout  forty  different 
kinds  of  break fa^t^,  Hotne  of  which  huve 
an  alarmingly  siibj^Untiftl  look;  as  the 
foUowbg,  for  \m  Anttnnn  break  fast,  for 
instance  i  *'  Prgvons  Att^wcd  with  mnsh* 
looms ;  ftHe*l  sweet  p>tatoes  i  boiled  to- 
tnatoc»-*mnfiiuE? ;  miJk  totJit,"  or  **  hash- 
ed duek ;  bam  %roiL«d ;  potdiod  egip  i — 
fliinnet  cakes ;  tosAt-' 

A  breakfast  like  that  might  serre  some 
delicate  people  for  a  dinner.  Under  the 
head  of  **  EcoNomtcAL  Dinwehs  for  8irjiLi 
DijsNias/*  we  find  ^^Yeal  cutleta;  ©>ld 
ham  I  »piniich;  turnips;  potatoes  i  pok«| 
aspars^Qs— baked  batter  pudding/*  What 
poke  may  be  we  have  no  idta.  for  the 
name  h  new  to  m  an  a  dinner  bill,  but  it 
appears  to  be  a  favorite  with  Miss  Leslie, 
as  j^he  inclitdcH  it  among  tbe  elem(*nts  of 
her'e<jonomical  dinners*  It  is  worth  find* 
ing  out ;  for  ecoaomkal  dinoers  in  these 
days  of  high  prices^  are  not  to  be  de$pii^<d. 
and  if  [)ok»  should  be  not  only  ecooomi- 
cal»  but  wholesome  and  palatable,  w« 
donH  think  itH  uniuifory  name  should  |if«- 
vent  its  becoming  faNhionabte*  Undi^r  tbi 
hewi  of  Cmti-HTAiAs  Dj^Nra.  we  And  tht 
following  n^iuarkiiblu  et>llix'tion^  ^'lioaat 
turkey;  cranio rry  fiance;  boiled  bitn; 
twmips ;  beets ;  winter  sqtui«l|  %  ailiiot 
pies/'  No  plum  pudding  t  Tbir«  Mm  dK 
n^tionfl  hr  Nicw  Yicam^s  DiKKciif  bnt 
Now  York^iTH  neTer  eat  dinner  on  Pffew- 
rearms  day*  Under  tbe  hcatl  of  YtaY 
Nif^a  Fi.!kiiLT  D}iii«£aj«  roi  Spriko,  wo 
And  the  following :  ^'  Cat-fish  «oup  \  roast 
Jamb  with  mint  saooo  |  piias ;  asparagufl » 
spinach;  mund  rio»  podding;  gooa^ 
berry  ftj*>l/*  Vory  wat^  w«  ha?fl  no 
doiitit ;  but  cat-dsh  Bati[i  and  BOOiabMty 
fwl  have  nn  odd  eoHad  to  Ui  WBio  wsm  HOC 
familiar  with  thoM  hucuma,  Tlim  bpi 
liao  oopkma  finalrtictiotit  for 
tksa,  hrttakfoMt  i«arli4Mi.  and  oyiitBf  i 
and  tb  ittKtrnctionit  ill'  the 

art  qf  I  >  uot  differ  if  they 

>ur  t-fn  i.a  .  ■         M^.  11;.^  lisLodA  of  Miii 

tuotiii^'* 


t 


mmm 


112 


Editorial  Noks — A^teriean  Literaturi^ 


[July 


—The  Master's  Hmise,  hj  Logan. 
Want  of  space  prcyents  us  thk  month 
from  noticing  thi^  new  work^  in  wkich 
soothorn  institutions  ar^Q  the  chief  cle- 
ment of  interest,  nt  the  lenfjjlh  which  we 
would  he  iiliid  r^  do*  The  work  is  pub- 
lisbe^l  hy  SicKlrath  of  this  citj,  and  is  un- 
derstood to  ho  the  production  of  si  well- 
koo^-n  literary  gentieraan  who  has  re- 
sidt:(l  many  years  in  Louisiana,  and  who 
cannot  be  accused  of  not  knowing  any 
thing  of  the  snbjtct  whereof  he  writes. 
The  Master^s  House  was  evidently  sug- 
gested hy  the  sticces;;  of  Uncle  Tora,  but 
it  is  in  BO  manner  like  that  work*  There  is 
very  little  of  filave  or  plantation  life  in  it ; 
the  author's  aim  appc^ara  to  have  been  to 
depict  the  society  and  social  usages  which 
a  purely  tlaveholdiog  and  agricultural 
oonun unity  oreatjes^  And  ho  certainly 
has  done  this  with  great  power,  hut,  of 
course^  not  witliout  exaggeration.  The 
*5cene  of  the  Master's  House  m  chiefly  in 
Louisiana,  hut  it  commenees  at  a  New 
England  village.  The  hero  of  im possible 
Tirlues  is  a  fjlaYc4iolder,  but  all  the  other 
diftncters  are  of  a  very  different  typo. 
As  a  Btory  the  book  hm  no  merit,  as 
there  is  nest  to  no  story  in  it ;  but,  as  a 
Euoc^ession  of  sketches  of  local  ecenisry  and 
character,  it  hm  very  considerable  merit, 
and  will  be  Hkety  to  attract  attention 
both  North  and  South. 

— Benton's  Thirty  Years'  View.  This 
is  the  first  part  of  the  long  title  to  CoL 
Beaton's  first  volume  of  personal  reminis- 
oenoeB,  a  book  from  which  we  have  an- 
ticipated much  piquant  and  profitable 
reading  since  we  first  read  the  announce- 
ment of  its  being  in  print.  The  second 
part  of  the  title  is  rather  more  significant 
and  definite:  0/\  A  History  of  the 
Working  of  the  American  Gomrnfnent 
for  thirty  t/earSyfrom  1820^0  185(X  Tke 
first  Toltnne  forma  a  book  of  739  closely 
printed  pages  in  double  oohtmns,  and  we 
very  much  doubt  if  any  book  of  equal  mag- 
nitude has  been  p» hashed  during  the  preis- 
ent  century  which  t^:intains  so  little  thai 
is  worth  pre*jerving.  We  never  suspects 
ed  Mr,  Benton  of  being  a  great  man*  but 
we  never  imagined  that  h\H  rc'putation 
had  so  small  a  foundation  of  original 
power*  ns  we  have  found  to  he  the  case  from 
revliog  his  Thirty  Years*  View.  Mr.  Ben* 
ton  ha^  been  thirty  years  in  the  Senate^ 
and  during  that  time  he  has  had  the  en- 
tire i^ontldenoe  of  the  |>eopIe  who  sent  him 
there ;  he  has,  during  all  that  time,  been 
masler  of  himself*  and  enjoyed  greater  po- 
htical  ativantM.  '  .my  other  man  in 
the  nation  j  ^'  -iven  him  a  splen- 

did phyiicat  euiiMiLunuu,  and  he  has  all 


the  natural  adrantagea  of  a  great  orator^ 
a  comtLianding  pereoD,  a  grave  and  im- 
pressive manner*  and  a  itentoriau  voic<». 
He  has  led  an  irreproachable  life  in  all  the 
domestic  relations,  and  has  been  a  h.ird 
student ;  yet  we  do  not  find  that  he  has 
ever  been  a  leader  m  tlie  Senate,  or  has 
ever  identified  his  name  with  any  great 
political  measure.  The  world  is  no  Witer 
for  bis  having  serv«^d  thirty  years  in  the 
Senate.  The  great  achievement  of  liis  po- 
litical life  seems  to  have  been  his  advo- 
cacy of  the  **  expunging  reaolntion,"  a 
trifling  piece  of  pftrtisan  service  scarce 
worth  iQfiDtiojiing  in  a  g]rm7e  history* 
Col.  Benton's  book  is  not  a  history  of 
^*  the  Working  of  the  American  Govern- 
ment," so  far  as  the  government  workj 
itself  upon  the  character  of  the  people^ 
but  simply  a  reporter-like  review  of 
what  the  government,  or  rathtT  the  dif- 
ferent governments  and  parlies  of  the 
country  have  done  during  that  time^  the 
lion's  part,  of  course,  being  that  of  the  re- 
porter. But  J  notwithstanding  the  great 
sjiace  devoted  to  what  ''Mr*  Beaton  saidj*' 
*'I  said,"  "I"  did,  vrrote,  advised,  Ae, 
the  author  does  not  play  a  prominent  part 
in  bis  own  history.  He  was  alwaya  a 
second  fiddle  to  a  Jackson*  or  a  Van  Bu- 
ren-  Ho  l*oasts  of  having  the  same  qual- 
iiicatiotis  for  an  historian  that  were  pos- 
sessed by  Fox  and  Ma^kintoshj  inasmuch 
as  h^  too,  "  had  spoken  history,  acted  hi^ 
tory,  lived  history,"  But,  a  man  may  do 
all  of  that  and  yet  not  be  a  good  histo- 
rian, as,  indeed,  Fox  and  ^fttckintosh 
were  not*  The  literary  merit  of  CoL 
Benton's  book  is  not  great  j  and  we  have 
been  surprised  at  the  want  of  method  in 
the  production  of  so  methodical  and  ex- 
act a  compiler.  There  is  hardly  any 
tiling  In  the  volume  which  could  not  be 
found  in  a  file  of  the  Washington  pap 
and  we  imagine  that  future  historiaii 
will  prefer  going  to  original  somisaa  for ' 
tiie  materials  of  history.  But  there  art 
some  few  things  in  tiie  volume  which  are 
purely  Bentooian,  and  very  admiralde  in 
their  way*  S uch,  for  instance,  as  I h  e  hiogra* 
phical  sketches  of  Hr.  Macon,  of  John 
Taylor  of  Carolina,  and  of  other  political 
worthies  whom  he  had  known  persL>nally, 
He  appears  to  be  too  much  of  a  hi*ix)  wor- 
ship j)er  to  he  himself  a  hero,  and  hr»  de- 
votion to  General  Jackson  Is  too  absorb- 
ing and  intense  to  permit  him  to  make  a 
reliable  analyst  of  the  character  of  that 
remarkable  man. 

— Ctifron's  Hi^ory  of  Caiifomia^ 
Califoruia  is  rather  young,  aa  yet,  lo  have 
a  written  history,  hut  it  is  very  dosiimbk 
to  hare  aU  the  authentic  inrormatian  that 


1854.] 


Editorial  Xotcs—r^'i^crif^an  Literature. 


113 


cui  be  gathered  in  relation  to  its  present 
Cbclition  ;  and  to  give  this  appears  to  have 
been  the  aim  of  the  author  of  a  History 
of  Caiifornia.  by  E.  S,  Capron,  recent- 
ly p«iblished  by  Jewctt  &  Co.  of  Boston. 
The  early  his  tor}'  of  the  country  is  rapid- 
ly glanced  at,  but  the  author  lias,  very 
|Ti)|vrIy,  confined  himself  to  the  present 
oun  lition  of  the  gold  State,  ancl  has  given 
a  futod  deal  of  valuable  mformation,  much 
of  It  gleaned  by  personal  observation  and 
rjtcarch,  in  a  plain  but  clear  and  readable 
>tyle. 

'^SargenVs  Standard  Header,  Eve- 
ry one  who  has  had  the  advantage  of  a 
regular  whool  education,  well  knows  the 
importance  of  a  Keader,  and  how  much  the 
maiure  taftteof  the  man  is  iutluenced  by 
the  forced  reading  of  the  boy  at  school. 
Kcaders.  heretofore,  have  l>cen  exceeding^ 
ly  imperfect,  and  many  of  them  appear 
to  hare  been  compiled  with  but  little  in- 
telligent thought  or  care.  But  greater 
attexiiioD  ban.  of  late,  been  \tsi\d  to  this 
clan's,  of  books.  an<l,  one  of  the  U*st  of  ihcni 
t}.at  we  have  examined  is  the  Firift  Class 
Standard  Header,  by  £|k.-s  Sargent, 
vhirh  lias  been  lately  pubhsiicd  by  J.  C 
lierby.  The  selections  have  l>een  made 
vuh  irreat  care,  and  with  an  eye  not  only 
10  the  rhetorical  but  the  moral  character 
of  tho  piccf*  M-!ccle«l. 

"  l^kt^ntn-auhic  Vietrs of  Ef^ijpt^  Past 
and  Fresvntr  gives  us  the  result  of  the 
l>r.  J.  P.  TicomisonV  travels  in  tlie  regions 
of  the  Nile.  It  is  a  work  Injth  (k*scnp- 
l:Tc  '►f  the  incidents  of  travel,  and  of  the 
fruits  of  scholarly  rtsearch.  The  journey 
wah  begun  in  the  month  of  January.  \SW\ 
and  contmutfd  for  some  three  mouths. 
Mr.  Thompson  calls  his  skelclu's  "  photo- 
pnfihic  views."  Ijecause  tliey  were  taken 
ai  the  tim*f.  "  froni  the  li^ht  which  each 
licw  itself  threw  up>u  tin*  mind.  photr>- 
graj»ht^l  from  the  outwanl  u|>ou  the  iu- 
wir-J.'^  But  we  do  not  alway.4  lind  in 
tV  Q  the  i^-TftMrt  a«fMr:u'V  which  the 
iiHpr;>,-':'»n  luifiiic*^.  althouirh  Uiey  are 
IaiViUx]  enough  to  (imvey  a  pretty  vivid 
«xiir».>-;tm.  It  i**  dilli«*ult  to  write  any 
tiiinr  aViut  K^ypt  at  this  day.  whieh 
(•.'nail  be  strictly  new.  except  in  the  way 
t^iat  l>r*{r»iu<<  does  it.  by  unfolding  tlie 
iii^aninv;  of  new  di.'»c»iveries,  and  yet  it  is 
quite  as  diffi<Milt  to  write  aljout  K;rypt, 
ar>.1  not  li^  intfn'sling.  The  oldcNt  of  the 
Dati<*n*>.  by  tl»e  wonderful  light  which  her 
uribiincrd  monum'.'nts  throw  U{)on  anii- 
qriity.  has  lierome  the  freshest  of  the 
iiation«.  and  her  tombs  |K><«sess  all  the 
DOTelty  of  in  tenant,  of  a  modem  re  vol  u- 
tKin  or  a  contemporary  war.  The  anti- 
quarian, the  linguistj  the  uinoloj^ibt.  and 

VOL.  IT,--8 


the  Christian,  are  alike  absorbed  in  the 
revelations  which  the  science  of  the 
nineteenth  century  is  disclosing,  from  the 
obscurities  of  a  once  almost  forgotten  past. 
Mr.  Thompson,  being  a  clergyman,  dwells 
particularly  upon  the  relations  of  Egyptian 
memorials  to  the  Hebrew  Scriptures,  but 
he  .  is  not  one  of  those  bibliotes,  who 
carries  his  reverence  for  the  latter,  to  the 
extent  of  hisisting  upon  the  literal  inspi- 
ration of  every  letter  and  figure  as  they 
are  now  found.  lie  admits  that  the 
Ilebrew  computation  of  time  cannot  bo 
reconciled  even  to  Poole's  short  method  of 
£g\'ptian  chronolog}-,  and  frankly  adopts 
the  longer  dates  of  the  Septuagint  version. 
Nor,  in  doing  so,  does  he  fear  that  he  in- 
validates in  the  least,  the  real  contents  of 
revelation.  His  whole  account  of  the  lise 
and  progress  of  Egyptian  discovery  is 
intelligent.  liberal,  and  animated. 

—  We  remember  to  have  read  a  part 
of  Mr.  Hammond's  '•  IJiils^  Lakts^  and 
Forest  iSceneSj'^  when  they  were  first  • 
printed  in  the  Albany  Daily  lic^n'stcr, 
and  were  charmed  with  a  certain  fresh- 
ness and  buoyancy  of  feeling  which  they 
exhibited.  Now  that  his  sketches  of  the 
wilds  of  Clinton,  St.  LawTence,  and  Essex 
Counties,  with  their  primeval  scenes  and 
famous  hunting  and  fishing  grounds,  aro 
gathered  into  a  volume,  they  have  lost 
none  of  their  original  quality.  The  style, 
we  note  now,  ij»  slightly  too  auibitious 
here  and  there,  and  would  gain  by  sim- 
plicity, but  the  description  of  lone  lakes, 
silent  woo<ls,  roaring  waterfall.s.  and  all 
the  moving  accidents  of  lL^h  and  fowl,  are 
none  the  less  animated.  The  .'«t4)ries  of 
backwoods  life,  of  encounters  with  Ix'ars, 
snakes,  and  *•  Ingens.-'  make  little  pre- 
U.*nsions  to  humor,  hut  are  still  racy  and 
truthful.  an«l  have  the  ^.^-nuine  smack  of 
nature  about  them.  In  these  branding 
d:iys.  with  a  .solstitial  sun  overhead,  and 
the  stones  of  the  pavement  hotter  than 
the  ll(M)r  of  l*an<le!nonium.  it  fills  one 
with  a  thriil  of  despair,  to  read  these 
pleasinc:  tales  of  the  cowling  fyre>t'>  an<i 
brook>. 

—  The  '•  Serif }iurf  Ifradinirs*'  of  the 
liev.  Jons  Cimmim;^  are  biur coniinents 
on  the  I><Mik  of  <iene>is.  They  are,  for 
the  most  part,  plain.  pra<-tiral.  and  din'Ct, 
and  <lo  not  aim  at  exe;:esis,  yet  the  jk-i  feet 
coolness  with  which  the  writer  treats 
some  |*:irts  of  the  literal  text,  as  if  thu 
dithculties  fiCiinted  out  by  Chri>tian  .sc*hol- 
arh  had  no  exi^teno*.  is  almost  amu.'^mg. 
He  ac-tually  rontetids  that  the  waters  of 
the  deluge  were  alnive  the  highe<tt  moun- 
t«imK  of  Asia,  and  then  adds:  *'  HitrluMM-k 
believe.s  tiiut  the  delu)g;k:  v;^  w^V.  Muvw^v^tai. 


114 


Editorial  Notes — Engliah  Literature, 


[July 


Yon  can  read  Ws  roasons,  which  are  per- 
fectly consistent  with  true  piety,  thoufrh 
not  satisfactory  to  me."  In  otiier  ircspecta, 
these  comments  are  intelligent,  clear,  and 
forcible,  showing  a  familiar  acquaintance 
with  the  Scriptures,  and  a  rare  power  of 
explanation,  with  occasional  eloquence. 

—  The  '-Tent  and  the  Altar"  is  by 
the  same  author,  and  contains  a  commen- 
tary upon  the  {mtriarchal  life  of  the  an- 
cient Jewish  fathers.  *•  The  patriarchs," 
says  the  writer.  *'  lived  in  the  dawn  of 
the  Christian  dispensation,  and  in  tlie 
youthful  days  of  the  human  race.  Each 
tent  was  a  little  world  revolving  round  its 
own  fireside.  Each  patriarch  was  a  prince, 
ruling  over  few  but  faithful  subjects.  All 
of  them  were  among  the  first  cx|)eriments 
of  grace  in  a  fallen  world,  the  first  proofs 
of  its  transforming  and  elevating  influ- 
ences." 

—  A  useful  little  book  is  "  Baker^s 
School  jMusic-Book,^^  which  is  a  collec- 
tion of  songs,  chants,  and  hymns,  for 
juvenile  classes.  A  simple  system  of  in- 
struction in  music  is  first  given,  and  then 
illustrations  taken  from  popular  songs  and 
hymns,  adapted  to  the  tastes  of  the  young. 

—  The  latest  number  of  the  fine  Bos- 
ton edition  of  the  British  Poets  contains 
the  poems  of  Falconer,  with  a  life  of  the 
poet  by  the  Rev.  John  Mitford,  and  co- 
pious illustrative  notes.  Falconer's  verse 
is  not  the  most  vigorous  and  musical,  and 
yet  his  "Shipwreck"  has  no  little  fasci- 
nation in  it  perhaps  as  much  from  its  fore- 
shadowing of  his  own  fate  as  from  its 
intrinsic  meiits.  His  minor  poems  are 
feeble  and  scarcely  worth  preserving. 

—  A  neat  anrl  complete  edition  of  the 
^^ Poems  of  Samuel  Rogers"  hos  been 
prepared  by  Ei»e3  Sargent,  in  a  style 
quite  equal  to  his  late  e<lition  of  Camp- 
bell. It  contains  all  the  poems  that  the 
venerable  poet  has  published,  with  a  most 
agreeable  and  vivacious  life  of  the  author, 
to  which  the  memoirs  of  Moore,  Byron, 
and  other  contemporaries  have  helped  to 
contribute.  Mr.  Sargent  has  a  rare  facil- 
ity in  culling  the  pleasant  things  of  litera- 
ture, and  in  putting  them  together  with 
discrimination  and  taste.  Those  who  read 
his  memoir  of  Campbell  will  be  eager  to 
get  his  remarks  on  Rogers,  which  are 
quite  as  authentic  and  none  the  less 
c^larming. 

—  Among  the  posthumous  works  of 
the  late  distinguished  divine  and  traveller, 
Dr.  Stephen  Olin,  was  one  called  "  Greece 
and  the  Golden  Horn"  which  has  been 
ably  edited  by  his  friend,  Professoe 
McClintock.-  'it  is  chancterixed,  as  the 
editor  f\jii  by  the  nmc  quKlities  of  ex- 


cellence that  have  marked  Dr.  Olin'ii 
previous  writings,  particularly  his  travels 
m  the  East.  "  His  mind  was  singularly 
comprehensive  ;  but  at  the  same  time  hod 
a  rare  facility  of  accurate  and  minute  ob- 
scr\'ation  ;  and  the.se  qualifications,  com- 
bine<l  with  a  severe  and  conscientious 
truthfulnes.s,  fitted  him  admirably  to 
write  books  of  travel.  He  does  not  give 
us  romance,  but  reality,  which  is  better ; 
he  tells  us  what  he  saw,  not  what  he 
dreamed."  At  the  present  time,  his  nar- 
rative of  his  sojourn  in  Greece  will  possess 
a  peculiar  value. 

—  No  complete  history  of  the  "  Pro- 
testant Church  in  Hungary"  \\^&  been 
prepared  previous  to  the  German  version, 
by  a  friend  of  Merle  D'Aubign6,  whkrh 
l)r.  CitAiG  has  now  translated  into  Eng^ 
lish.  The  materials  have  been  drawn 
from  authentic  and  original  sources,  and 
we  have^  the  word  of  the  distinguished 
historian  of  the  Reformation  that  they 
may  lie  relied  upon  in  every  particular. 
It  relates  to  Christian  experiences  that 
have  been  hitherto  almost  unknown,  and 
opens  up  a  new  chapter  in  the  annals  of 
martyrdom.  "We  get,  in  the  course  of 
the  narrative,  some  impressive  glimpses 
of  the  political  condition  of  Hungary, 
under  the  rule  of  its  different  Houses. 

English. — The  author  of  the  "  Theory 
of  Human  Progression,"  who  now  an- 
nounces his  name  as  P.  £.  Dove,  has  re- 
deemed the  part  promise  of  that  work,  in  a 
treatise  on  the  ''''Elements  of  Social  Sci- 
ence," It  is  in  style  and  principle  very  much 
like  the  Theory,  quite  as  elaborate  in  logical 
forms,  and  quite  as  original  in  its  main 
purpose.  Mr.  Dove,  as  our  readers  may 
remember,  lays  it  down  as  a  fundamental 
proposition,  that  the  Sciences  are  devel- 
oped in  a  strict  logical  order,  which  order 
is  also  their  chronological  order.  In  other 
words,  each  science  has  its  peculiar  ob- 
ject-noun, with  which  it  is  exclusively 
concerned,  but  the  study  of  which  leads 
inevitably  to  other  objects,  in  a  regular 
sequence.  Thus  arithmetic,  the  most  gene- 
ral or  comprehensive  of  the  sciences,  con- 
ducts us  to  algebra,  algebra  to  geomctr}'. 
geometry  to  mechanics,  mechanics  to 
physics,  physics  to  chemistry,  chemistr}' 
to  vegetable  and  animal  physiolog}',  and 
physiology  to  politics,  political  economy 
and  morals,  &c.  Each  succeeding  science 
is  an  application,  on  higher  grounds,  of 
the  principles  of  those  sdenoes  that  pre- 
cede it,  and  cannot  be  perfected  until  its 
precursors  have  attained  a  considcrabie 
degree  of  devetopment.  But  when  tboso 
precursors  have  reached  a  positife  or  cer- 


IJ 


Miii&Hai  y&m^SmlUh  Ltkf&iun. 


tu 


i  itftfai,  the  miJbldiiig  c»f  the  oUiefs  be- 
I  ftmAltH-ofomuiKw  Asfioonafltbe 
idttDoet,  the  foroe  fcionces, 
llijikily  Um  filmkAlt  tnd  tlie  phy- 
toiiM  iCMQoa  »»  mofie  or  Urn  cqhi- 

politktt  Bit  J  politic!^]  economy,  must 
kl  ft  greater  certitude  &ad  perfcc- 

Mr^  I><mi^i  diisificfttioti  of  the  sdenoes 
•  la  QQmtB%  «ad  jr«t  m  many  «- 
t  ^itllt  diflfaraiL    }le  ift  not  a  stinpte 

"f  lik«  Comte^  but  JMlmits  of  in* 

meUphjKicttl    truths    whkb 
rij«et&.    ik  tha  ordisr  of  hia  ar- 
aim,  looy  b»  does  not  foUonr  pre- 
tlitt  ntn*  mqmaat  m  Comte,  be- 
I  be  clanfles  w  ladettccs  according 
» tlM  rdstboB  of  thought  while  Comte 
I  aooofdmg  to  the  depeudeDoe  of 
Mf.  r>o?e  wu»  ftccused,  by 
■b  finrkWf  jihortly  uflcr  the 
of  Iiii  '*  Thtjyry/'  of  baring 

I  bit  tyiltm  &otii  th&t  of  the  p-mt 
|iliiloiiOph«r }  but  m  a  pamphlet 

b»  wroto  IQ  reply  to  the  critique 

mtd  that  ilic[rQ  wen  emotud  dvs> 

I  b«tw«Bfi  lb«  two  schemes;  whUo 

1  t^t  up  to  th@  ttme  of  writing 

»li0  VM  cuttrrly  ignorant  of  tho 
hk  ^Cmiempotary,    It  was  eer- 
reisftrkililtf    UiEi   two   thmkefs, 
uokoowfi  to  well  oili^f  Abould 
Iftlka  solo  nacfa  iimilar  trunB  of 

I I  but  Mr*  Biivo'a  ei^pliimticm  waa 
'  ts  to  BCf|tiit  him  ftt  one©  in 

I  of  il'  1  min^  men 

itbftehai^li^  ;vptii[ouj£|y 

1  tJlo  labyr:i  ol  othom. 
iMotaof  PoUHoa  SeaencA,'^  U 
rtD  polltiof  of  th 
'  tlw  tliaoffy.    The  oljjt 
^  teooir<&ic  to  thftt,  i«  tiic  lut  k  of 
,  Aful  ih«  whole  and  cxdudiri^  fimc- 
^  Hw  «Ut)B  b  lh«i  ctttabliAbmeiit  of 
I  MBm  aU  taw.    Tb»  Itgiaktor,  as 
km  wmnrng  ta  do  with  Vntvulcnr^^ 
*  ^tiliU'*  or  any  other  ot 

r  Mj^tcti  ntay  fait  Jp£  u 

jfccn  af  other  tcktioaB,  but  the  tiei- 

r  mC  poli^ca  deak  &lotio  with  equity  or 

Thb  atEtamcnt  la  not  new, 

Oy  ia  IhN  ewmtry.  where  m  l»r^ 

■H  bavo   alwayii 

nf  tliB  »tAtc  to 

< -tratian  of 

ribt^  truth 

r.lfabfd 
if  by 


of  polttlti 

the  chk'i 


^Ikk 


nk  to^rtjui  m 


tj!,  tint  we 


hop©  to  tnako  it  th©  subject  of  a  caf«fhl 
consideration  b<sre«f4er.  In  the  tnetli 
tone  wo  content  ourselvea  with  a  wiah 
that  it  mmy  be  speedily  republished  in 
this  country. 

— Among  the  posthumous  works  of  th« 
late  SiF  Thomas  Noon  Talfotjti£>,  waa  m 
**  Suj^kmerU  to  VocaHQn  Ramblcx^^^  m 
book  giving  an  aooount  of  one  of  tbe 
Jeamed  jurist's  journeys  on  tbe  contmenL 
In  style  and  character  it  resembles  the 
original  which  it  ot*mpIeteg»  It  exbiblta 
tbe  author  in  bis  best  light,  fts  an  accom- 
plisbed  scholar  and  gmcefnl  writer,  fond 
of  relks,  the  gentler  arts,  nice  in  taste, 
poetic  m  sentiment,  but  never  ptL^onftt« 
or  vehement  either  in  his  hkings  or  dis^ 
likings.  He  describes  with  accuracy  »n4 
jodgment,  in  »  kind  of  sober  enthusiASiii 
whidi  has  enough  of  admiration  in  it  to 
lundle  the  sympathy  of  tlie  reader,  hut 
not  enough  to  make  an  indelible  imprea- 
sion  on  the  memory.  It  is  in  vain  that 
one  looks  for  rapture  in  him,  and  yet  M» 
obiervations  and  fancies  ire  always  ge- 
nial and  agreeable.  We  have  marked 
severml  passages  in  the  book  for  extract, 
but  mu^toonEne  ourselves  to  a  single  onOi 
an  episode  suggested  by  the  name  of  Sir 
WUlmm  FoUeit^  an  old  companion  al  tbo 
bar,  AS  he  read  it  io  the  tniTellers*  book  at 
a  hotel  in  Naples.  It  is  a  brief  bat  strik- 
ing CQDimentAry  on  the  hfe  of  a  briUumt 
and  succesiiful  lawyer*     tie  says : 

wu  »ti1i±«i)  mcirtttllj  vhea  lie  tneocl  It-HiT  ■  UlW  of 
th«  m^mX  etfnfiil  flD4«Tci(r%  v^d  lh«  mont  brUlltat 
fucciaiMi^-ft  lUb  letM^  |if!u4  isliialsfavd,  Iio«m«4, 
t»]r«wt  tii«  wAnmaa  kit  vna  ofdMaiatttofd  vm^^ 
lb*  Uib  utttk  MlvQOMi  wbo  beda«fttoT«4  vll^  »ni- 
pliant  m^  tiM  fhtvoMtt  pluM  la  •  ytiJIwtoa,  w^4i 
la  lU  urrriM  iavtitfai  teUmit*  fwrU^pfttliMi  wtt^ 
ttit  lnt«nf bk  hiOpvK  fe«n^  p«Mimt,  ifllMitliiDit  isii 
TieMiiKUtariuiirlltM;  tu  lil^  qI  a  pulKklaa  aA- 
ialr«dbyttotttttim»Wytfft*MWlirtiewiiM, 
ldallx«d  bf  putliMfti^  fiPfiiMtod  \f  eppaa«iiti^  m* 
tMrtii««i  bj  lUe  bMl;  fKinfaltdd  bj  lh«  wLiul,  wIihp 
d4<4liilJm  hMJUi  va»  th»  *tilj*et  af  i>t4|GUa4it  to  bte 
•0v<ftilfft<^D«e«ib*d  tei  ta  pFtM«  bj  tog  fnodlfit  a  ^ 
Hi*  of  Ifii  twifftas  uifl  wbiii  r*ce«lMr  Jt  i 
dAiv  te  lb*  iibrttoM  of  a  l^v  frlisdi;  Um  vaalat  | 
liD4g*  <jf  »  axidMt  nd  tinMil  tp^iafceri 
flfikQtUd  ttSM^pt*  4if  taaiiM  tn}bftdi*<i  in  i  ^tai*  if  j 
iai.QOQr,,  •tfqnlfvd  in  t«a  j9v»  bjf  iji«  bbom  vblA  j 
MiteiMd  tti  ttmofiUim— «n  bU  ibtt  world  1 
of  Btf  WUttuD  F«fl»tl  Tb«  poot"!  astt 
« I^oci  onifUj  morltf,*  tu  Cki  w  U  tAdlMtvi  i«rtblf 
ilnrittAH.  bv  j>«  p)Mjm  la  tlu»  «Qrrjvtnf  irmtlgM  nl  bli 
«if*«.  Ti>  mubUii.  lif  Iiti  tmmxfft  tu  bto  | 
ti«  Iii»  Mi  aoiUlEkf;  not  a  bmiiii**  anodn^t  >«*  i 
diJD9»r  i^i3n«<L  tKti  n  |irfi>di>i«  ' 
tp««r}i  '  ifMfifHtnin ;  M(  n  I 

Mrlktfii^  i>f«tfm«at  |  la 

diMib   Uic»   j,>rrvcT   ur  nnoTLftuij    lm   MHprviift.      flow  ] 

tAtBaifr^luTw  mi 

•lu>ttM  ttd  In  diifiy  le  4 

*rhe  aa»nf'  Ismctnt  t&  applicable  to  efvry 


MUorial  Notts— JSi^liih  lAltnivare, 


[iv^J 


I 


iatoKectn&I  c&reer^  which  i^  oot  eoDQected 
with  literflpturei  for  books  are  the  onlj 
mnb^r  in  which  tha  predoiig  thoughts  of 
^mus  can  be  preserrai 

— One  of  the  many  evils  of  the  existmg 
attempt  at  war, — for  thus  far  it  is  little 
more  than  attempt,— is  the  tnuHitude  of 
books  that  are  prit^ted  about  Russia  and 
Turkey.  We  have  before  us  &  liwt  of 
some  twenty  or  thirty  volumes  on  these 
subjects,  without  tnentioning  pampbletK, 
issued  within  the  last  two  months*  Some 
are  personaJ  memoii^  others  compilatioaa 
from  older  books^  and  others  mera  politi* 
cal  catchpennies,  A  few,  however,  throw 
light  upon  the  structuru  of  the  eemi-bar- 
barous  societies  of  both  nations,  and  by 
skimming  them  one  gets  occasionally  a 
good  thing  or  two.  In  Dr.  ht.%h  "  Last 
Days  nfAk^andtr  and  First  Daya  of 
Nichoia*^^*  we  find  this  anecdote  told  in 
illustration  of  the  universal  corruption 
which  prevails  in  the  Russkn  adminis^ 
triLtion. 

"  WbiD  llaa  Emperor  AlexMoAa  wM  il  «M  el  tb« 
miUtuy  oobnlai  m  itw  je*n  190  (lA  m  t«ur  of  laAp«e- 
ttoD^i  l3«  went  nnmd  vMtlng  etitr  lunua;  $M  ob 
■¥Bi7  tJbl0  ba  Ibond  ■  dloiw  pivpftred,  OBft  of  tha 
principal  ftrUd«A  ^T  wblcfa  comlAted  In  a  Jtfong  pig 
t««sttMl.  The  PrlDc«  YolhottAkf  auap«ctad  Ihero  wu 
mmt  trliik.  and  cut  olT  the  tbil  of  tha  {?%  and  put  ft  Id 
hto  poeliet  Oft  euterlae  Uie  next  honm,  tha  pif  was 
pmenlJcd,  btit  without  the  tail:  upon  which  Pfioca 
V«lhAi0ky  mid  to  tbe  emperor, '  I  think  thlt  an  old 
ftlf'nd  ]  *  The  einpcrcn-  damandad  bla  maanln^  wben 
be  look  ant  tlh«  tall  IWm  IiIb  poeket  and  applied  IC  to 
thf»  put  from  irbleb  It  bad  bean  Kmovad,  The  em* 
p«iDf  did  not  Fellah  the  Jeit,  and  It  waa  soppoaed  Uda 
pt«coof  plaiaantrjlad  ta  the  pcLn^*«  dlagneu,'' 

It  waa  not  unoommon^  we  bate  been 
told,  in  fo Finer  days,  when  the  specie  in 
the  banks  of  Wall-street  was  to  he  in?es^ 
tigated^  for  boxes  of  gold  to  be  setot  tibout 
from  bank  to  h»nk,  d  la  roosted  pig  in 
Eussift*  The  same  author  asserts  that 
during  the  rei^  of  Nicholas,  he  has  ^r^ 
ried  on  an  uninterrupted  war  of  twenty- 
eight  years  with  the  Circassixing  at  an 
annual  loss  of  20,000  lives,  or  of  nearly 
6OO3OOO  lives  in  all  In  the  two  cam- 
paigUB  against  Turkey^  1328-29,  some 
300,000  peris  bod  by  sword  or  pestilenosj 
and  in  the  various  campaigns  against  Per- 
sia, Poland,  and  Hungary^  the  losses  were 
no  less  enormous.  It  seems  to  oost  con- 
gideruble  to  maintain  order  in  Europe,  tf 
we  may  judge  from  these  state  moots  I 

— Another  writer  on  Russia,  Ivas  Gol- 
oyiji^^^t  whom  we  gave  a  biographiciil 
«ketch  in  an  early  number  of  the  Month- 
ly^ — ft  Hussian  himself  by  birth*— in  his 
"  NcUioTW  qf  EusMia  and  'Iltrkeyt^^ 
mvm  a  had  afeount  of  Kioholas^  whom 
Be  describes  as  false>l)p9irted,  cruel ,  r^ 
lej^tle&s,  and  without  talent.    lie  3»ysi  r 


**  Einopa*  doea  not  jet  kiww  ibii  mvu    Be  la 

Ihougbt  to  baTf  talenla,  and  be  baa  only  v\4xk  Wt^ 
tdjj  ^ill  CI1I7  be  piizzlfld  which  title  to  {Ira  bloi— 
'  A  «n>«D^  Don  Qi]lzol«v*  'A  diUt^^arftml  9pdj!l«ii^ 
or  *■  A  worn  ao^wblpper.*  Haynan  waa  oblj  bla  popIL 
We  ctfnlA  giro  tbe  namocrf  womea  vboiii  Kj«liolaa 
baft  c&u»d  to  be  whipped  bj  tbe  polloa  Ibr  tbe  crltne 
cf  UberalLun ;  and  »  troe  Is  tt,  tbat  al  Bt,  Pttteva- 
bnrg  may  hodj  can  tell  ytm  bow  tbe««  affain  a» 
maaiLgecl  In  tket,  tbe  Eoialana  are  to  broken  t^to 
dfl^potUm,  til  at  thei"  took  on  ft  at  quite  fiatatal  tbai 
women  ehould  he  punLihed,  an^l  pqaJtbeti  bj  tbe 
wblp,  *  *  When  Puahktii,  Iba  pvMtm.  |Ket  of 
HoBftla,  f^ll  by  th£  hand  of  an  adveatarer,  and  tbe 
ptiopla  wero  cpdwdlDfr  round  the  bouse  where  ho  lay, 
Nlc!b(ita%  In  hiA  JtrAloDftf,  allo'^r^  the  Frnichniaa 
who  bad  fct1]«Hl  hitn  In  tbe  duel  to  e«cape;  icd* 
meetlDg  Rrf  loQ,  tbe  fkbalbt,  ha  aald  to  bid,  '  What 
a  pity  that  Fuali^la  la  dead'  *  i5lTfi»  It  bi  tu  kivpaft^ 
bko  \09B*  *D9W«f«d  tbe  old  mas.  *Te$.  be  p,T«  ex- 
oelliiiil  dljiDETiti"  repJJied  the  Emperor,  wbo  waa 
Bpeaking  of  Count  ]Uxi«ln  FoaHkln,  who  bad  died  at 
Mdocdw  some  months  before.  What  «xqabii{«  taete  t 
LEiraiaQtol^  anoUier  etnlntuat  BfUMtia  poeit,  died,  and 
Klcholai  «iieIalDicd— '  Ite  lived  IJfce  a  dof,  and  be 
baa  died  likfl  obal '  EyloJedf  wae  a  dlitbigalabed 
lyriu  poet,  KlcholiB  barafad  biro  I  That  la  bta  wtrj 
of  Uoatlug  BQB»lan  talent  Pol^^jalelf  waa  auotlier 
youug  poet  of  liberal  t^jstJoadia.  Htobobf  eaUed 
bfm  10  bltn  and  etabraeod  bim,  Eriry  body  belioT- 
ed  tbat  be  meaat  to  take  him  Into  ^rm.  He  made 
bim  a  Botdler;  and  when  the  poet  died^  a  frt^od, 
wiabtng  to  And  bia  body,  waa  told  to  go  and  look 
tmoog  tbe  b<3Sfe  which  an  need  m  eolBaa  for  tb« 
ixjnmon  eoldlenl  Bakoloflkly  wroteaome  ipLriM 
vntim  a^iilaat  tbe  Cut.  Bit  jad^  aaked  hba 
wbeiUser  hv  had  not  burled  bta  Sereeet  inT«gtlTn 
against  GoAf  *Y&^*  replied  tbe  poet,  *^kaewli|g 
that  Qod  is  mom  merdfiil  than  tbe  Ctat**  Ue  vm 
thrown  tbto  *  duogecji,  whldi  he  never  qnitted, 
UTi  *£  1  €orpi«<  Eveo  at  tbli  Ttfj  tnntnent  Ntclio- 
Ibb  Lft  WJMiakliig  bla  T^ogeance  on  Buktin]!!^  wboni  he 
ii  pledged  to  Austria  to  liee|l»  izujsafed  tn  |«1iofL 
Dli|;itit  preretitd  oar  conttaulag  tlie  aad  IJat  of  vic- 
tims^ and  we  will  therelbre  oopclude  by  mantloOlDff 
a  iltiglB  f^tt  to  allow  Ida  mode  ^  traaslag'  ftuaya 
iHMiia.  Madame  HaatoptchUi  wrota  aonie  yessaa  entl- 
tl«}  ^  Tho  Hiuband  and  the  WUfr'  The  bii&b«lid  la 
Buaela,  and  tbe  wtfela  Poland,  and  (be  p<)«t  abowt 
Ui&i  If  they  do  not  love  one  anotber,  It  b  for  want  of 
a  prtipesr  underEtnodlng.  Madaoie  Bastoptebln  waa 
exited  to  Mdscow  ;  the  Ootirl  got*  tb«r«^  and,  ftt  tb« 
«ad  of  a  fow  moutha,  the  Empreia  mwfo  the  cEilo  at 
t  HeaftatrodeX  aad  Lnvlteii  her  to  a  baJ^I  at  tb* 
Ai  i^n  aa  Nldialu  «««  b^v  be  ordaia  b«r 
to  quit  tbe  palace  I " 

We  add  gome  other  aoeodot^  of  th« 
same  Imperial  p^reomige  ttom  tbs  aime 

volume. — 

**At  tbo  Female  Orphan  IttMitntJoo,  iL  Petara* 
buff  there  la  tbe  oiiraery  fbf  goreitieMei^  plaoed  Q9- 
del-  tbe  orden  of  Oonnt  Ylaltdegoueki  Oae  of  the 
yoitag  ladU'tfl  found  bemlf  in  ah  Intereatlof  oofidi-' 
Uqu,  and  Li^Ame  a  ndotbeTf  without  Ifae  Mipcrlnlatid* 
enta  being  able  to  ladleate  pneclse^  wtt^  of  Iben  U 
wa^  Tbe  Kmpeii^r,  ftLrlans,  ivvoatded  lo  ibe  |ilBoa 
In  perpon.  He  bamnfuod  Uia  yunnc  ladles  am!  d^ 
dared  lliatt  uol^a  Uie  gafltj  one  aamed  bemcif,  ti« 
wimld  cause  tbf:m  all  tn  tee  rtsltef!  by  Ttofr^^'if^vmi 

U»'.-  ^ 

firing- — ^«  _», ^_.^,   .„  .„  -^,„..-..  ,.,  4^ 

pLci    As  b«  piiMd  Cltioagsb  ibe  «ORlAnrt  «»e  of  tbe 


XB^t&mi  ifeks^ET^tish  Uumtun. 


IIT 


vturt  WCoBoi^alOQ*  frota  ta  ftlfkont,  site  cotiiba^ 

BMHh<>  M  lATftntl  ol4  mm  vwlMd  liluMtlf  tn  bli 
Ivl,  Mi  Mid.—*  Yo«r  If^P^x,  ^  1*^  "ii'l  ^»>*' 
Iflvtttf  ttKt  «^  Tttm  JllDff  ftuwiUf  ipMk  ihn 
11^  l«l  OMsd*  «>i>tta«  tu  mm  to  II*— »apet^ 
|««  NM^r  ttSliliiMd  irtafaolv;  *t)at  If  foq  u» 
«bI«Aj  *i*h^  i»  Mtar  a  tliif  l«  irgf<d  tfatt  doat  mA 
^mmm  m  ht  tm^  tH  ^^  ^va  fln^giod  ta  det4h.' 
JttI  litf*  viiw  ivpna^n  tn  SaUuIc  In  thtt  Ittok 
•ii  psteni  eT  tte  Aatoonl,  Uut  U^a  old  cluj  IopI 
M»w«riiii^p«Mli;  b* Nduiie ptie, fbU  biiok upon 

Ito  fifti^  MA  BVt«  I1»oIL»  IgEllL'* 

Wt  nuipecft  from  tbt  nature  af  mnuy  of 
lilt  ttoriM  b  tl)«a§  tuooks,  Ihat  they  &r@ 
pMA  op  with  m  qjecf&l  refereoce  t0  tlio 
IRKei  utalB  of  the  Knglkh  market 

^We  hsire  jiut  spoJeen  of  &  wark  in 
froaii  kit  bjr  the  Iftte  dxm^km  tUlburd,  but 
lit  lagilih  JottredOa  mutxm  alno  extracts 
ftvn  m  dnm  fottnd  &mong  his  pap^^ 
II  it  •  historksil  iragedj  in  fixf!  acts, 
Q^kd  lb«  CAfTiUJUr.  iod  founded  upon 
lb»  nrfolt  of  tli«  CcrninioDn  of  Castile,  un- 
^v  ten  John  de  Padillib.  agi^t  Cardmal 
AAritt,  lb«  rigpr>t  ^  ("  I'^irtes  the  Fifth. 
JU  bi  lafl  dnst  ftt  the  suue 

IBM  «  ftf^fail  p  i  TotedfOjwltst, 

Mumamrwirm  pQliiician,  And  a  teadiraf 
i^lid%  be  hsu  hatl  great  dilBcuItksMn  re- 
«wilflig  foch  ingntngl J  oppodte  traits  of 
•teieter,  tmt  tlie  mobve  of  hk  rebeUion 
i»«l9tf«i  froia  certain  parsottal  OQtrap« 
l4kb  hm  bad  reodYed,  uid  the  mdignft- 
lin  COQMQVit  tbireon,  artfkdljr  inflamed 
W  Ilk  vtk.  Tk^  aeTenl  pemmam  are 
Mi-i  iuiUMla  J  irfctb  gift  trulli  and  fldelity, 
tiibijtel  k  ttnlbS^  wtlli  cxiosideTable 
Mfivtm  iJdll,  hot  Uie  plaj  ts  fiearcely 
idiaM  to  the  atai^e,  and  awakpiiB  no 
mi  kkr«l  in  the  reading.  Talfouft^ 
MiiBtwhAt  of  a  poet,  vaa  not  a 
'  J  lEnd  such  of  y»  pkya  aa  hate 
tmehtd  a  modetmic  domaoratteoewif  owe 
illo  Ube  daJkac?  and  mutrf  of  the  Un- 
giip  and  tha  kaowkd^o  of  ata^  bual> 
■M;  whkb  tb«j  dbplaT,  rather  than 
ftck  drsfliatk  moritii,  H«  wani^i  vigor 
aii  holddm^  wiule  }ia  refines  tixi  it^u^h^ 
lH<h  k  wt^rdi  tad  tentimenti  to  produce 
fhid  tmpnEflioiMi  on  a  akoeikDeoiia  au- 
iiwf  Singlktktt  tod  paitkolar  pa*- 
ttM  of  bk  pUjrt  will  ba  matiabtnd, 
\m  at  t  niick^  th^x  cannot  atlm  t  per* 

— A  woril  whWi  i*  r(^iN'i\  .n.*  t*'^ little  al- 
kalko  Jttt  no^  -IJaU  IW* 

vkti,  k  J>m,  W '  titjaisoF 

AtT  PI  GatAT  Bhi7ai>/=  iiie  mott  com* 
|kit  aocmmt  of  the  art  fnllcritt  of  that 
eodstfx  that  bta  tfpatrtd.    II  not  only 


ffiTCS  a    full    biatttry  of  Art    in  Groat 

BrJiamf  but  intelligent  and  discrimiiiating 
critidstns  of  all  the  lead  lag  pictnre-s,  with 
judiciouB  chamcEenjtntfona  of  the  pTDmi- 
nent  modem  British  artiste.  The  autlior 
u  a  learped  Genaojij  irell  known  by  \m 
prevjouH  writings  on  Art,  who  spent  ma- 
ny months  in  England,  visiting  collection 
afler  collection,  with  a  riew  £o  an  accurate 
dciicription  of  the  whole.  All  the  great 
houses  which  contain  galleries  of  pfetures, 
engmvingFk  or  statuary^  appear  to  bavo 
been  frec]y  opened  to  Kiin,  and  he  made 
excellent  ufio  of  hia  opportunities.  In  no 
country  in  the  worlds  hardly  ejrceptini; 
rtaly,  are  there  more  line  pictures  than  in 
England ;  but  unlike  those  of  Italy,  they 
are  not  easily  accessible  to  the  pubho. 
Belonging  to  private  gentlemen,  they  are 
abut  up  in  their  town  or  country  mam 
6km%  and  it  is  only  on  particular  dayB,  or 
by  the  intervention  of  friends,  that  the 
ttranger  is  permitted  to  catch  a  gUmpsa 
of  thi^n.  On  the  oontinent  it  is  dil]#nmt| 
for  nearly  every  gallery  there  is  at  opia 
as  it  could  be,  if  it  were  a  mtntnon  poetet* 
Eiion  of  the  people^  All  that  you  hare  to 
do  is  to  present  yaur^^lf  at  the  door,  l*e- 
tween  sunrise  aud  sunset,  to  Kain  ailniis- 
skm,  and  you  may  remain  as  long  a^  you 
ptette,  or  come  is  oflen  as  you  pleait, 
during  tbeae  hours*  The  oontbental  galle- 
ries are,  therefore,  better  known  than 
those  of  England  j  but  few  of  them,  ex- 
cept the  world-ikinou^  ooltcctious  at 
Bome^  Floirenco,  Yenioe,  Dreadeu,  and 
Madrid,  are  superior  in  the  extimt  or 
wealth  of  their  coutcuts,  to  those  of  Dev- 
onslm«  House,  Chats  woith,  An&ley  noune, 
Ikfr.  Hogera^a,  the  Britii^  MoseuiiL  Ac« 
We  should  like  to  extract  some  of  Ur, 
Waagen's  remark.^  on  the  present  Htaie 
of  An  iu  Great  Briinin,  hut  the  followiQg 
estipate  of  Turner,  whose  merits  tie  SO 
rariously  approcialed,  must  aulBce : 

*0f  til  tb«  KatlUi  pilfitm  «l  tt)«  pirlMl  of  nf 
vMt  10  lacteo4  t  kfi«w  Cb*  l««it  uf  Ttuntr,  luviiig 
•Md  T«r7 1^  fll^lf  «Qfk«t  «iid  tti»«  «lmcwt  «iiU]i«- 
nr  of  1^  toter  UisA^  le  mf  lw<^  \m,  TMt%  1»2M»  ud 
t<&t«  t  ■sdMTcirt4  Id  fipilf  tbii  otsMva,  wtd,  lift v < 
itii  •aMM4f4  la  tmtilalnf  •  aaailm  «f  bl»  t«toEan« 
wM  dmwlDipi  o^  tbi  Mali  tvk«i  |iirl«di^  I  Itol  mf* 
•vlf  ^aaltfi#d  to  g!v^«  mf  d«11banU  aiftoloo  ii|M« 
Uiiai.  U  ifTpMis  ta  is#  Lbwt  Tortifiir  win  %  warn  0 
si«Y«IlfWf  f««l»ti  «««apftQf  Hfii«  mth  pl«et  Btaoag 
Hit  SoiiUh  iiii4itfa|>«*pil&to»  tt  vat  ^  n  Ler6 
trma  AsMttf  tb«  modtm  tagOOi  p««li.  In  pe^ut 
nf  IVt,  un  ItAdwmpA-pAiiitif  h*»  ^H  m]>pa»iwa  wUfa 
•treb  TuttiUlltjr  of  UiwiL  ni>  btitorioul  ItndaAiiwi 
»  (blbu  U)«  mavt  fxqidittf  fbellof  Har  boAOtj  uf  Uam 
ui>!  ttjh«i  uf  Ui^Uog :  jii  Ibo  taai«  ttm»  bn  bu  Ui« 
powPT  ^  mtklikf  tbfm  •tuitMi  tb«  nscwl  t«i1«i1 
nuKidt  of  fwhff  i  loft  J'  BT^door,  i  ^t*;^  sed  ikmiBf 
ip*liacbii^f, «  tittui^  fib'Parftilnuii  •,i)4  pMe^  ^  u 
mtfMrof«tllb«tl«iMat*  BoiMliiti  b»  ibQ  traaM 
wtuip#<m]lir  tttatgr;  «Ula  tta  itv  la tti  ai*  Ta» 


118 


Editorial  Notei-^Englitk  lAierahtft. 


[July 


ried  aspect,  to  e<iiully  BabMrvIentto  hla  magiobniah. 
HU  vievs  of  oertain  cities  and  localities  inspire  the 
spectstor  with  poetic  fMlings,  such  as  no  other  pain- 
ter eyer  ezdted  in  the  same  degree,  and  which  is 
chiefly  attribntable  to  the  exceeding  pictnresqneneas 
of  the  point  of  view  chosen,  and  to  the  beaaty  of  the 
Ilslitlng.  Finally,  he  treats  the  most  common  little 
snbjocta,  snch  as  a  group  of  trees,  s  meadow,  a  riiaded 
stream,  with  such  art  as  to  impart  to  them  tho  most 
picturesque  chann.  I  Bboald,  therefore,  not  hesitate 
to  r«c»(^ize  Turner  as  tho  greatest  Imndscape-painter 
of  All  times,  but  for  his  deficiency  in  one  indispensa- 
bio  element  in  every  perfi>ot  wwk  of  art,  namely,  a 
Miund  technical  basL\  It  is  true  that  the  pictures 
and  drawings  of  h\»  earlier  and  middle  period  over- 
llow  with  an  abundance  of  versatile  and  boantlftil 
thoughts,  rendered  with  j^eat  truth  vf  nature ;  but  at 
the  same  time  his  historical  landscapes  neyor  possess 
the  delicacy  of  gradation  and  the  magical  atmosphere 
of  Claude,  nor  his  realbtio  works  tlie  Juicy  transpa- 
rency and  freshness  of  a  Eny^doel ;  while  many  of 
Ills  best  pictures  have  V^t  their  keeping  by  subse- 
quent darkening,  and  with  it  a  great  portion  of  their 
value.  In  his  later  time,  however,  ho  may  be  said 
to  have  aimed  grailually  rather  at  a  mere  indication 
Than  a  rcprcsontatinn  of  liis  thoughts  which  In  tho 
latit  twenty  years  of  his  life  became  po  :fuperflcial  and 
arbitrary  that  it  is  «^mctimes  difficult  to  say  what  he 
really  did  intend.  Nut  tliat  I  overlook  oven  in  these 
pictun>!»  the  freqnent  extmordlnary  beauty  of  oompo- 
bilion  and  lighting,  which  render  them  what  I  should 
rather  call  Wautifiil  i>ouIs  of  pictures.  The  raptures, 
tlitrrcfiire,  of  many  <»f  Turner's  countrymen,  who  pre- 
fer these  pictures  to  those  of  his  early  period,  I  am 
not  able  to  share,  but  must  adhere  to  the  sober  con- 
viction that  a  work  of  art,  executed  in  this  material 
world  of  ours,  mui^  in  order  to  be  quite  sitisfiictory, 
have  a  complete  and  natural  body,  as  well  as  a  beau- 
tiful dOUl." 

— Among  the  Iwoks  just  issued,  or  an- 
nounced in  England,  we  may  note  the 
following :  Mrs.  Jameson's  "  Common- 
place Book^^^  the  thinl  volume  of  Lord 
John  Kussell's  "  Memorials  and  Corre- 
spondence of  Charles  James  Fox  ;  "  and 
also  the  eighth  volume  of  "  Moore^s  Me- 
moirs^^  hy  the  same  editor; — a  volume 
of  original  letters  by  James  Boswell,  Dr. 
.Johnson's  toady — a  life  of  Amelia  Opic, 
from  her  own  diaries*  by  Mrs.  Bright- 
welL, — tho  ^^  Institutes  of  Metaphysics, 
or  the  theory  of  Knowirtg-  and  Being," 
by  Professor  Ferricr, — the  third  volume 
of  Sir  A.  Alison's  ^^Jlistory  of  Europe," — 
the  ^'American  at  Home"  by  Judge 
Haliburton, — besides  new  novels  by  Mrs. 
Marsh,  Miss  Jewsbury,  Mrs.  Trollopc, 
and  the  author  of  Margaret  Maitland. 

—The  "  Working  Women  of  the  last 
Half  Century,"  by  Mrs.  Clara  Lucas 
Halfour,  i»  an  attempt  to  make  known 
to  posterity  the  virtues  of  Mrs.  Hannah 
More,  Mrs.  Barbauld,  Elizabeth  Smith, 
Charlotte  Elizabeth,  Mrs.  Sherman,  Mrs. 
Mary  Duncan,  Mrs.  Judaon,  Sarah  Mar- 
tin, and  Hannah  Kilham. 

— BuLWER  is  said  to  be  writing  a  novel 
19  which  the  t^rit-rappingB  are  to  fonn  a 


part  of  the  machinery,  and  in  order  to  be 
accurate  in  his  use  of  the  new  element  he 
is  studying  the  subject  carefully,  and  by 
personal  examination. 

— A  History  of  England  in  Rhyme  is 
not  a  novelty  m  its  design,  for  there  have 
been  a  great  many  attempts  to  describe 
the  events  from  ^"^the  Conquest  to  the 
Kestoration"  in  verse ;  but  it  is  some- 
what new  in  its  execution,  as  our  readers 
will  observe  by  the  subjoined  specimen. 

Kinff  Henry  had. 
As  it  spears, 
With  dub^ine  liv^d 
For  eighteen  years. 


A.Queensh«  was 
Of  modest  mind. 
Whose  temper  was 
Most  sweet  and  kind. 

The  Kinz.  however. 
At  oourt  had  seen 
A  beauty,  nam'd 
Anna  Boleyn, 

And  had  for  her 
Such  fancy  ta*en, 
t>n  Cath*rlne  he'd 
Not  look  again. 

But  Anna  he 
Would  have  for  wife. 
However  it  might 
Occasion  stiifo. 


While  thoughts  like  these 
Torment  hla  brain. 
Their  utterance 
He  esQ^t  restrain. 

^Ah,  Kate,  of  yon 
**  I  don*t  complain : 
"But  that  sweet  girl 
**  I  must  obtain. 

"•My  wish,  indeed, 
<*Imust  flxliU, 
**  For  wed  that  giri 
"ImuBtandwlU." 

Think  of  a  hundred  pages  of  such  stuff, 
meant  for  "  the  Hope  of  England,  of  three 
years  and  downwards." 

— Dr.  SoLGER,  whose  lectures  on  Ea- 
ropo  gave  pleasure  to  select  and  intelli- 
gent audiences  in  this  city,  has  recently 
put  forth  a  work  called  "'  7%6  State9' 
System  of  Europe,"  an  exposition  of 
modem  functionaryism  and  diplomacy,  in 
which  Lord  Palmerston  is  treated  as  the 
head  Satan,  and  the  whole  plan  of  ruling 
the  many  by  mystification  and  frau4  is 
detailed.  Dr.  iSolger  writes  with  vigor, 
and  from  an  intimate  acquaintance  with 
modem  history.  He  is  a  Russian  refu- 
gee, and  of  course,  hberal  in  his  political 
sentiments. 

"Phemie  Millar,"  by  the  author  of 
the  Kinnears,  is  just  now  the  leading  story 
with  the  British  booksellerB.  It  is  a  nar- 
rative of  Scottish  life  in  a  small  fishing 
town  of  Fifeshire,  and  is  told  with  mncb 
,  homor  and  a  dec^  inaight  into  character. 


IW4,] 


Eiitmul  JVbfef — Frtnch  Likratun, 


110 


jteMtflail  Qovd  ol  the  dijr. 


-     Mho 

ip  of  M. 
tt  o|icnit  with  & 


wrks  oC   tlio    g:rcst 

aali»»  of  Qm  stitbor. 
Vnif  ik«4*:h  uf  AniiTt/s  lftb<jr3«  by  hii!  di*; 
t^pnift'^  r  Yon  lluni* 

IflAdty  I  sng  part  m  an 

•aliil»Migf«£rhjr  0J:  \m  L^&rlitir  v€.ars  br  iho 
•f»kL  Iff'  wn*!  ^«*>rri  in  178tlj  is  lie  is 
ftftksil  Hi«<c<  hu  hod  Unm 

teeoaid  n  the  ^xoes^m  of 

Ihtir^  itbn.     Ilo  AdmiU 

tint  W  f  !  n  ho  ^»ve  ft  laJjee- 

dtfVti  Icj  a  tn^iu>i'  ^^^lailliil  ESOldk'T*  AD  »ct 

«ycli  neirl/  oo«t  him  hi*  lifci,  but  he  was 
iDl  «f  in  ig«  to  bike  injr  protDinent  p&i-t 
in  tK»  •fvntfl  of  th«t  titiie.  A  ntituml 
if<il^iie  for  Tii!vthMi,!iti,-v  itntiio^  htm  to 
iipiiv  f9  «  p]  r  -cluik  School, 

m  bt  pmi  f  I  ejrimisatkit] 

Witib  fivltct  cotiliiiciico  o(  suoci<«5s.  But 
i  Mbv  towiiMiiftn  had  ^*ii8t  becti  rg^eU^d^ 
nd  Hovkgt,  thi?  cjc^mrnrr^  ftdtifiGd  him 
•Ml  •»  AH)ly.  11m  mtiswer  wfti^  "My 
■gmiii  iammt  mgra  th^  waidd  se«ni 
its  Ilia  fiulore;  »t  mny  rste  I  h^^ipe  tu  be 
mmm  liioemiftil^  thcmgh  Tour  Taming  Ib 
ClfaiJifa4  tti  intisiudite  m^^^  3f.  J^fange 
pOTM  emv— *"  the  old  ^xcm^  of  the  ig- 
wrnm^  wad  woeeodorl  to  the  exnmiun- 
liBn,  wlMreiQ  he  fintiid  Uio  cvididatc  fu> 
ikHlbl^  Uuii    h»  oovorod  him   with  em- 

\waA  pItudHv.    The  funotis  EcoU 

hftre 
Om 

r  iVoffilun,  M>  nAiN£3trii'iT2,  wai 
ii  MiannipLtMit  that  the  jttudt^ots  imd,  m 
lliir  denofiftmbonfs  to  Hill  mto  errors 
liiypiitjr.  to  make  Kport  of  bin  ignormiiea 
*1llm  ho  wiihed  to  poae  a  acholar/^ 
maf%  a  mbqqa  of  th#  work  m  tlio  jfrA^ 
•miai^  ^bo  began  m  a  poin|ioiiB  niati- 
Mr,  wIMi  «icii^d  bumoroiu  opjiositioii*" 
^  IL  Lebonllaiiger,^  aaaJ  be  on  one  ooca- 
Mi.  ^  joa  hatv  IMO  tht  wnq^  bava  ^ou 
BBC  t  ••— -  No,^  rir,"  wi«  tbt  «iiitxp«ctod 
tWBf, — ''  Whtt|  iir  |  naver  aeo^  the 
Biaoii?'*  csda^mod  tha  l^^oiDflBOr,  who 
lad  pmanvd  Bona  paaEillvfQMttQQ.  In 
•|Ai  or  bin  hMUgmtkn,  tSa  Btndaat  oh- 
aOMlaljr  ke|>l  1o  th«  Mtna  aniwer.  IIo 
lad  baafd  of  Iha  moon,  it  wai  tnw  fbut 
kid  newtw  wetm  it  Hobtb  of  latigbt^r 
tatfBl  ool  on  Bfanr  tide  \  aad  ftt^m  that 
iKf  iPTtb  tha  autbori^  of  poor  M.  Eaa- 
Boidfatii  waa  ma  far  afv. 

AL  Arafo  libfda  ua  bobm  oofimia  t«?«- 
kriiM  of  lliB  wa^  in  wliicb  edcq  of  sd* 


fsa^aoQ  pivuiijw.     xiw  lamotis  a 
Faifi0ckm^  doaa  ool  ifipeir  to 
bai  w«ll  managad  in  tboat  dtjn. 
ff  ^km  iVoff^wiun,  M>  nAixxstraiTa, 


ence  and  learning  were  treated  by  their 
lm|«riAj  |)»trout  When  he  wm  eU'«?tcd 
MemVicr  of  the  tnstituUv  at  the  curly  tige 
of  twenty -three,  be  wm  prcupntcfi'im  a 
matter  of  course  /o  His  Mfijesly*  The 
ceremony  took  phce  at  the  I'uik-nes, 
,whetie  the  Emperor^  Tftuminjsr  fmni  mn^^ 
rtririrtd  the  crowd  of  sarunU.  ajni.ts 
aud  iittintteiirfi  decked  out  in  ptvt^i 
ooatsu  Af  *  Arago  profe.^ses  himself  jib  wkvd 
ftt  tlje  ea^'rness  with  which  the  men  of 
mind  sought  for  notice  ftoia  the  man  of 
lorce^  *-  Ymu  are  very  youui;/'  was  No- 
pol cone's  first  ohservatioTi ;  *"  what  4 s  your 
nmne  7  "  The  astrononier^s  right-brtiid 
couipanion  took  tliti  aaswer  out  of  hia 
mouthy  spring,  "Jim  name  is  Arago,"— 
*•  What  ficicnt^  doen  lie  ctilti?atL<  ? " — 
*'IIe  cnllivntc'S  Astronomy/*  put  in  tlie 
k<fl-hand  nL«iu;libon — '^  What  luivo  yon 
done  ?  '*  •*  lie  hm  just  mea'^urvi]  tlie 
Spaniab  meridiiin/'  hnNtt'n<*d  Uy  explain 
tho  ngbt-hmnd  friend;  and  so  the  Kuipe- 
ror,  probably  thinking  thnt  Arnpo  was 
mnte  or  imijecile,  turned  fiw^y  tu  notice 
another  member  of  the  rmtituie,  the  well* 
knowTi  naturalist  Lamarck.  The  old  man 
pn'^^ented  a  Umk.  "  Whafs  this?**  cm- 
claimed  Urn  Maj&sty,  ''  your  aksurd  meie- 
orolog)*^  ch  1  Tins  is  the  work  in  which 
you  eompctc  with  MatUiieii  Ltm^tjerg.  la 
It  not  If  Tbia  nnnnary  dishonorii  your 
latter  days.  Btick  to  naturnl  history  \ 
and  I  shall  roeeiire  your  priHJuction^  with 
pleasure.  As  it  is^  I  only  occ*'pt  tbii^  vol* 
ume  out  of  respect  to  your  gmy  hnir'A, 
Ilere^*^  be  addea  to  an  md-dw  camp,  **tiAkc 
iL^* — Poor  Mt  Latnarck,  wlto  had  endeiv 
vorcd  U^twi'on  each  of  thesie  abnipt  Ken- 
t«nce<i  to  explain  that  the  book  he  bad 
pre.HCuted  did  treat  of  natural  history,  waa, 
at  length,  m>  overeouie  thnt  he  actually 
burst  inin  tcara.  Inimciiiati'ly  aAerwanM 
|kL  Lanjuinois  came  forward  with  another 
book.  Napoleon  iaid  to  him^  with  a 
aneorin||  kiigb,  *^I  we  Uiat  thu  whole 
Senate  is  meUine*  m(o  iht*  Institute." — 
*'  Sir^"  replied  >L  IjuiJumaJ^^  **  the  Sett- 
ate  or  all  bud  tea  in  your  kingdom  is  tb^ 
one  vrbich  baa  moat  koum  to  attaod  to 
1ittratur«. "  This  bold  answer  checkod 
lliH  Miyesty,  who  instantly  broke  ott  con- 
ferer;ce  with  the  men  of  sdcncs  and  watit 
away  with  bii  s^rouji  of  heioio  gencfatai 
who  wera  aqiially  ifkcaj^bte  of  apprvcia* 
ting  looh  ftoeioty.  From  what  M,  Ar*^ 
rulatea  w«  cm  eaaily  utider»tand  how,  m 
thai  cxtrmordinary  reignj  a  book  of  Mrds 
for  clnldiiin  m%s  Huppreaaed  becauae 
it  oonlaitied  the  nhri.««T ;  *"  llw  eock  ia 
rather  the  tyrant  than  the  chioftaiii  of  Uit 
farm^yard." 
—  A  iiktorif  of  Tutkqfi  by  LAJtiixiKC, 


H* 

'<%,       *- 


^\^"XWVVi\^    M.^'^-WvVX     ^^VA^WvA 


tlic    true   signification  of  his  will ;      first  sought  doubtless  in  good  faith,  to  ex- 
VOL.  IV. — 9. 


120 


Editorial  Xotes — Ft-ench  Literature. 


[July 


is  in  press,  and  a  preparatory  notice  of  it. 
sijrncd  M.  de  Cescna.  appears  in  the  Con- 
siitittiofinel.  After  praising  tlic  penius, 
activit)',  imapnation  and  style  of  the  au- 
thor, the  notice  j>rocccded  to  say  that  the 
**rrcface"  would  be  found  in  another 
part  of  the  paper,  and  the  subscribers  to 
the  Const  Hut ionnd  were  conjrratulated  on 
King  enabled  to  read  this  production,  by 
one  st>  familiar  with  the  affairs  of  the  East, 
in  advance  of  the  regular  Jiublication. 
"  They  will,  |)crhaps,"  said  M.  de  Cesena, 
'•observe  some  few  expressions  betraying 
opinions  that  are  not  ours,  but  they  will 
understand  that  we  owe  it  to  M.  Alphonse 
de  Lamartine^s  renown,  to  leave  liim  his 
entire  independence.  We  desire  to  see 
nothing  in  this  preface  but  the  entire  jus- 
tice which  the  eminent  historian,  in  his 
dignilied  impartiality,  renders  to  the  na- 
tional conduct  of  the  Imperial  grovern- 
ment  so  far  as  regards  foreign  polic}',  and 
tlie  Eastern  question.  It  seems  to  us 
useful  and  opportune  to  let  France  and 
EurofKi  sec  what  is  thought  of  this  con- 
duct by  an  Ex-Member  of  the  Pro>'isional 
Government,  and  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittL-e.  Praise  from  a  friend  is  doubt- 
less a  delight,  but  praise  from  an  adver- 
sary is  more,  it  is  a  triumph."  Among 
the  passages  of  this  Preface,  however, 
wliich  occupies  eight  columns  of  the  Con- 
stitutionnel,  is  one,  in  which  he  represents 
France  as  fighting  the  battle  of  liberty. 
The  principle  of  obedience  to  tyrants/it 
says,  is  maintained  by  Russia,  and  the 
C'iuse  of  liberty  and  order  identified  with 
Turkey.  *'  But  then,"  it  adils,  "  I  hear 
it  objected,  why  you  yourselves  alidicate 
liljerty ;  look  at  the  present  state  of 
things  in  France,  and  other  western  na- 
tions." Lamartine  answers.  "Eclipses  do 
do  not  extinjruish  the  sun.  they  merely 
iutcrcopt  its  rays.  The  eclipse  passes 
away  and  the  light  remains.  The  state 
of  the  nations  of  Europe.*,  at  this  moiuf^nt, 
iii  not  a  i>n]ic*iple  but  an  accident :  it  is  a 
momiMit  of  lassitude,  a  nicre  lialt  in  the 
march  of  ti-unsition."  The  pre.>ent  sus- 
jiension  of  liberty  in  France,  he  also  avers, 
is  the  result  of  the  mere  mechanism  of  gov- 
erumcnt,  which  may  be  bi-oken  to-mor- 
row, and  all  the  vital  elements  of  a  gix'at 
nation  reniam  intact.  The  pnnciple  which 
Las  induced  Fi-ancc  to  resist  Russian  a;;;- 


gre.<;sion,  he  again  alleges,  is  a  principlo 
superior  to  the  vicissitudes  of  growth,  *'a 
principle  anterior  to  dynasties  or  repub- 
lics, which  survives  empires  and  dictator- 
ships." Now,  much  as  M.  de  Gesena  ad- 
mires this  kind  of  writing,  Louis  Napo- 
leon did  not,  and  a  peremptory  order 
came  down  to  the  Const itutiontiel  ofBice  to 
destroy  all  the  copies  of  the  Prcfaco. 
Lamartine's  eloquent  periods  were  instant- 
ly snufied  out ! 

—  A  scientific  work  of  unusual  merit  is 
the  General  Natural  History  of  thtf  Or- 
ganic Realm  (Ilistoire  natureUe  gr^ndrale 
du  rcgne  organique,  principalemeiU 
itudiS  chez  Phomme  et  les  animaux)  by 
M.  Isidore  Geoffrey  St.  Hilaire,  with 
which  the  illustrious  author,  of  still  more 
illustrious  descent,  has  been  occupied  for 
some  years.  It  contains,  an  introductory 
narrative  of  the  great  naturalists,  a  valu- 
able criticism  of  their  yark>us  schemes  of 
classification,  and  an  able  presentation 
and  defence  of  the  author's  o^-n  system, 
which  rejects  in  its  arrangements  of  the 
organic  world,  all  linear  series,  and  adopts 
that  which  has  taken  the  name  of  paral- 
lelism. Of  these  different  plans  we  shall 
give  some  account  when  the  remainine 
volumes  (the  first  only  is  published)  shall 
have  reached  us. 

—  The  French  press,  like  the  English, 
groans  with  books  upon  the  Oriental  na- 
tions, and  the  Eastern  question.  Besides 
those  we  have  alseady  mentioned,  we 
may  refer  to  M.  Famier's  History  of  the 
Rivalry  and  of  the  Protectorate  of  the 
Christian  Churches  of  the  East  {Ilistone 
de  la  RitalUe  et  du  Protectorate  des 
eglises  chretiennes  en  Orient)  to  I)'- 
Oiis.srNs's  picture  of  the  Ottoman  Empire. 
{Tableau  de  V Empire  Ottoman)  \  to 
litiAiJouR's  Journey  iji  the  Ottoman  Em- 
l>iix\  a  de.stription  of  its  natural  and  arti- 
licial  frontier  ( Voyage  dans  V Empire 
Ottoman^  ^c.)\  to  Jouamn's  Histor}' 
an»l  Description  of  Turk(.'y  (Ilistoire  et 
dt: script imi  de  la  Turkic) ;  to  Chopi.n's 
History  of  Ru.«:sia,  the  Crimea.  Circas.sia 
and  Georgia  (///«/o /re  de  la  Ifussie,  ct 
de  la  Crimee.  Circassie.  Geor^ie^  etc); 
U)  Lacrtjix's  Isles  of  Gitcce  (Jles  de  la 
Grice\  and  some  two  dozen  others, 
whose  names  it  is  scarcely  worth  while  to 
copy. 


and   tin?    true   siKDificiUon  of  his  will; 
voi^  IV.— 9. 


flro t  sought,  doubtless  in  good  Ikith,  to  ex- 


THE    SMrTBSONIAPr    f JT STITUTIOK. 

I  rntm  b«  imiraftlij  of  ttel&c  Iitv«itlf4t^l  hj  mw,  which  v«i  Uunigbl  worthy  of  Mnf  erMittd 


nt  af  the  Smithfiimtin 
atMn,  at  Wa&bittgton,  bjr  means 
;  be^wl  of  i^  Englizih 
knonlf^duY^.  deiimiis  of  iU  in- 
■  at  th«?Biimc"tinie, 
f0«ii  I&  ■  ih  own  n«me  with 

fi^T  »li  l»mc  to  eaiiH*,  tti,  vre 
tn  tn&rk  Ai)  mll-iEnpnri&rtt 
th«  bJKlorf  (H*  Jsckiioe  in  Amrrioi. 
1^  (be  ifnouni  bemieitbcd  i:^  in  n^ 

Kr^t  in  TJeir  or  thi?  mn^iiUide 
k  to  b«  done.     \U  iiiiiu;tl  in- 
1  htir  MM  much  ui  the  nmouni 
Fttir  ippropriaied  by  Congrcf^  for 

De0.     J'  1  »«*  the  tm- 

Qftimf  >  "^'-n  bftlr  n 

i  pM^  for  ihu 

.  nd. 

p|pjrtttpci;  vi  tbi»  bc*japjii  iics  not  in 
iOiini  of  fumlti  af^firDprtJitcd^  It  ij!» 
Ibutid  onJ^'  in  tbtt  viu!  pHTin'f)!?  of 
progffti  JnculcAtcd  by  thtt  ono 
but  cofoptpbcujiivf*  ■cnti'nf^e  of  th« 
tif  Mr.  S*iitilh*on — **  io  fmmd  at 
'      "      ■  nf   the 

■  ■•/ 


while,  ttmon^  roost  of  our  countrymen,  m 
vagfue  mnfl  (Jl*detim"<l  an  idon  ol'  this  roumtn- 
tlorj,  iti  objcci  ftiid  aini,  hcenis  l<»  prevml^ 
lis  to  cnU  for  an  exposition  of  what^  as  it 
appears  to  us,  all  Tnuj?t  aditiit  to  be  itis  in- 
ttfrnknt  tnt'ssion,  when  the  lifi*,  the  fbaroc- 
ter,  nDfl  iho  opinions  of  Sinitii?4on  himself 
are  well  Ponsittcrcd|  us  indieca  of  his  un- 
doubtcil  wtglics  Atid  intcntiOQi  in  frtming 
tlie  bequiist* 

For  we  must  bear  consttnlly  in  mind 
that  the  SintthM>T*inn  m  not »  public  but 
a  privflte  institution.  It  wis  fijundcd  by 
the  cxcltjsive  bounty  of  one  individual, 
aud  iho  1  uit4'd  Utiles  bare  no  right  but 
as  trufitetA.  Thu  lrn*^t  could  hHVu  been 
*?*^  l,n--,i  had  tbo  object  nought  to  Im  iie- 
I  nppeaivd  unworthy  consid- 
'  !  ijudeeinible.     But,  having  mum 

icceptmi  Uil*  tru^^t^  onr  government  \% 
bound  in  honor  to  fulfU  it,  in  good  faith, 
and  in  strict  ■cfortlanoe  with  the  np^^jLront 
wij^lie^  of  8mi|liflon,  ait  weil  a^  ih«y  c!an  h^ 
a**5erlained  by  the  tjest  light  obtamable* 
ITie  very  brcvitv  and  simplo  condseneat 
of  hts  Will,  mule  this  at  firKt  no  ««^y 
tiyik.  A  conttict  of  opitiionii  for  noint 
tnae  sinbarrftssed  ATI  '  j 

tion.    Thin  wan  not 

it  morv  «?fj'inii)on  t i i .i u   v^v  f ■  j:  m ►  r    ww »ch 

COnfotiudH    the    tiiffi^ian    of    knowludg«! 

u^rt.    i(.    '"^*^nntt^merU^  though  nothing 

'U  moro  d^Mtinci.     it  wqm 

.     ii  of  the  idea  of  tl^r  tuvtw 

'[  the  knowledge!  air' 

'Miy-'U'^  ti  WidtT  eirr. 

'<i|  by  8uiif:,      I    1  !i 

.1  jU,  tJjti  dis^..''v..-i  V   ■II 

UuLh*4;,    iuii]    Httw   lawH   in    M.'tu^ol^, 

.)  led  astray  manr  of  tbo^e  who  at 

txi^t  60ug)il,  doubtiotv  m  good  fioith,  toox- 


I 


wjiite  his  Ijequc^t  II  ia  m  impoHj^nt 
Ihjit  this  distinetiofi  bctwreew  tlie  iictual 
increase  of  the  knowledge  in  the  posses- 
jftbn  of  tlje  world  J  and  the  mere  disacmi- 
Tiatitm  of  that  al  really  in  esisti^nce,  should 

kept  clearly  before  ?js.  to  enable  us  to 
•tmiii  ilw  exact  feig^itlcance  of  S^nith- 
SOn's  wordg,  II nd  the  objects  he  l>ad  in 
vbsTj  0.S  tlms  indictttcd,  that  befons  wc 
priKced,  wre  tt^k  our  rentiers'  att<?ntion  for 
ft  inoinervt  to  this  point, 

Whnl  k  it  that  causes  any  paHictilnr 
year  to  stand  out  more  protninently  than 
otlier,^.  and  to  mark  an  era  in  the  ttnnals 
of  science?  What  causea  the  names  of 
ctTtuin  inen  of  science  to  appear  to  ns  in 
the  dkn  Tiiitas  of  the  pstHt,  so  well  tle- 
(Ined^  iind  bo  distinct  to  the  ininds  of  all 
of  us  ?  Is  it  not  because  that  particular 
yf»r  Is  associated  with,  or  those  great 
namc^have  beon  halJowed  to  the  world  by 
new  smd  important  discoveries  tn  reg^ard 
to  the  lawH  of  the  universe  1  Sneb,  for 
instmice,  as  the  discovery  of  the  circidtt' 
lion  of  the  blood,  that  of  the  law  of 
gravitation^  the  motion  of  the  heavenly 
bodiiis^  or  such  names  as  Haryey.  or  New- 
ton,  or  Galileo.  They  may  have  been  dc- 
nded  in  thi/ir  dA}%  for  they  were  in  ad- 
vance of  I  heir  tnues.  Their  discoveries 
may  have  bi»cu  hooti:d  at  and  ridierded. 
Yet  postmty  a  wan  la  to  both  the  highest 
ptnccs  among  the  great  names  a»  well  a^ 
the  great  e|x}cb.'S  of  ec^ience.  This  is  the 
true  test  of  tbtir  inlrinsic  worth.  With 
DO  diapoKiiit»j[i  tu  under  tistim ate  the  value 
of  the  general  ddfusion  of  all  knowledge^ 
we  must  still,  in  orflcr  to  appreciate  the 
agnlticauce  of  Smithsotrs  expresied  will, 
bear  in  mind  that  it  is  quite  dif^tinct  from 
its  advancement  or  increaw,  and  that  the 
one  may  be  as  distinct  from  the  otbiT  as 
shallownci^  from  depth.  That  seaich 
fjr  knowledge  which,  aiming  at  the 
bigbe*il  tibjectSf  £itrivu>  for  liie  discoviry 
of  new  111 w^  or  seeks)  to  mvestigati!  dif- 
ficult and  intricate  t|Ue.stionH,  in  the  eyen 
of  the  world,  j>  often  dt<emed  as  vahteJess 
as  its  i^ubji'ct  may  be  abstru.sc  and  iintn^ 
teres  ting.  The  wovhl  gvv^s  the  prefei^ 
©ooe  at  lirst  to  thone  who  can  rendiT 
flcknce  plea.'^ing  ami  popular.  Mankind 
are  but  too  apt  lo  over-csltmalc  at  UrEit 
the  study  of  thot^e  blanches  of  sejencc 
which  tan  at  once  be  brought  to  beur 
upon  the  physical  wrnit^  of  society,  an* 
to  under-csUnmte  sncb  a5  are  purely  m'.U 
lecLuah  or  the  poum?clvou  *A  which  *»ith 
the  imincdia.te  nt'cessitit^'i  ol'  nnmkitid  are 
remotAj  and  oi>snjre.  That  tlni  is  au 
natural  a»i  it  ta  s]uu't-si|;ht4:d  ^  tuat  it  i^ 
pt^rhap^  unnvoiduUlcj  only  icodtfrii  it  tlie 
more  m^pgriant  that  thiiy  v^bo  jceek  to 


conform,  in  pood  faith,  to  the  e^qrl 
wishes  of  Smith>ion,  sliould  not  .itTriWl 
to  him  the  mme  cnnfusion,  or  an  inabilii  ^ 
to  make  proper  dii*finctioii!4  be  I  wet  n  the 
abstract  and    the  practical,  hetwcon  ad- 
Taiiccmcnt  and  mere  extension  of  kno' 
le*Igi!^  ivhcn  his  whole  life  attestJi  that 
one  more  thoroughly  apprecaated    tbi 
distinctions  than  lie.     Nut  to  anitcipal 
however,  and  liefare  we  atfpTnpt  any  di 
ductions  in  relation  to  hi^  cvi<ffnt  meai 
ing,  from  what  we  knovr  of  his  [inrsui 
and   seientdic  aspinLtion^,  let  ii<s  briefly 
refer  to  what  In  known  of  llie  ieading  am' 
prominent  points  of  his  life  and  cl 
acter, 

James  Srnifhson  was  the  illejiitinjal 
son  of  llugbj  Duke  of  Nortbnmlierli 
and  Elizabeth,  niece  of  Charley  Ihrke 
Somerset.     Many  of  the  peculiarities 
his  character  may  be  traced  to  the 
flieting  feelings  of  pride^   m   the   noi 
blood  that  flu  wet!  in  hi?t  veiui*,  an*l  an  el 
trt*me  sensitiveness  with   rugard    to 
birth.     lie  wm  educated  at  tho  IJniv^ 
sity  of  Oxford^  where  he  distinfjuishetl 
himself  by  bis  att^mtion  to  the  study  of 
the  physical   sciences,     lie  was  reputed 
to  be  the  bei^t  chemist  in  that  univer^Hity^ 
and  was  esipecially  suoees^ful  in  analytf* 
chemistry,  having  been  among  the'  fin 
to  adopt  and  U>  practise  upon  a  suceessfi 
system  of  minute  analysis. 

In  evidence  of  hm  pro^ciency  and  ex* 
pertnuas  in  this  branch  of  chemistry^  Pro- 
lessor   Henry,  in  a  recimt  Welure  lK?ro] 
the  Metro[K3litAii  Mct^hunrcs*  lnHtiiiil«> 
Wsishiugton,  relates  that,  on  on 
be  caught  a  tear  as  tt  was  trii  • 
the   face  of  a  lady,  and,  lhou;^ji  n-   in 
one  half  of  it^  sucoeuded  in  au:* typing  t] 
remaTuder,  and  in  detecting  in  it  the  pi 
senoj  of  several  suilts,      llv  devoted  hi 
s  If  with  constant  zeal  ami  u^sidiuty 
thf  iTivestJiiatJot)  of  Ibc  pliy^ic.il  ^j'lt.ncx'i 
diietly  chonustry^  mineralogy  and  geology 
and  in  connection  with  these  stucht^s*.  jj 
pared   and  read  liefore  di  tie  rent  le;irn 
{societies  of  England  about  thirty  scienti 
communicationii.     To  these  he  ovies^  in 
large  measure^  his  scientilic  repulatioi 
lie  by  no  means,  however,  conliniMl  hi 
studies  or  rcsicaiclieH  to  tliesct  oi-  even 
tiic  merely  ph^.sical  sciences.     It  api>cai 
i>om  the  writings  lie  hua  left  behind  hi; 
that  hardly  auy  departum-'Ut  of  tmmi 

V;--."i-i-'-    ■■- -T    >.i^.    .....ntion,      I 

iveuidi! 


sfifl 


lie  rcputattou. 
:  1  h\  h\A  tnvn  .'^'■ 

by  vneii  a  du 
lui  would 


^5& 


IBM] 


The  Smiihfonmn  Imiiiutm 


nz 


Dily  •nMkdfttjo  tiM  namo  with  the 

f   :         ■    Irc.     With  i\m 

iiitc'fition  Ui  \jc* 

lit'i-kvi  f-  niN  r.^"3'■•'l'^   i^'  -  n*^  Uovul  .SurrriV 

tlfta/i^lrrrfr  Im  '  ■  -  <    '"ui  nud  tlic  numril  uf 

rttii  1  V  --i  1 '  '  I  rt  t*Tj  t !  y  ri*  1 1  nt^  t  ji  sh  i5<  1 

ht»  <i^i^»^  i1   t'*   lnH  lirjthew,   nt 

P»bi»Ac  lit  ?i  '  ^^  n^vrrt  lu  th«  rnite<i 

..Jl      .   f  .1    tlU>t..  (it  Un?    f^JUfi- 

hi.H  nimi'. 
•  <!,  aimI  Jill 
t>  i»»kii»g  iin»!iicNi>»  ftwiu  ti*  have  heim 
irriKcd  !^»  n^H-iiiihi'!  *ita<Up».  iVJthoii^yi 
'i4  of  the  fact  Umt  ih*  k'?t 
jmI  flcm'i**J  in  hi<  veirin^  he 
II  hiH  view  a,  a.u*\ 
f'ttdctiCe  nhe/utrt 
i  iftMi  'k€  ithoh  world 
■J  itnd  f$tl  mankintt  his 
1^"  ^viiKitHj  xho  Miitx'nty 
Kw    wt'U  at*  his  ci:- 

,  f  tin  -.(tpM  t  ii^rit  ^'  i,>r 


.   Ixe  in  |mit  infL^rrtHj 

'"lnrnl'*>ti,  which  wm 

in4  which 

iLtti-n  with 


DlierlAi:^ 


•I    lUJf' 

virth- 
mc  not ;  riiy 

Ti^     r.r     i^.'Li! 


ruimtrj  tu 


9lildlli^T«< 

utjcm  V, 
to   thft   )i 


with  the 


•MtKtants  t,H  tniEfjt  l*e  ruquirefl.  In  July 
I84fi.  t!io  whule  of  llie  prf»ccs«  of  tha 
8tiiiUiB(>TtiivTi hi*qiic»*t» atrKniTi"  -  ;■  -i  jpal 
[inii  mtcirsti  to  thu  Htiiii  o\  wm 

plikr  d  «ii)fh:r  tho  caru  *jf  Uh  U.  ^  —  , 

THl*  net  of  Congress  estuhlishin^  thm 
inKtiiutii^n  f iinnniplaU't!  the  ej«|iotiflilur« 
nf  the  -  iiujoun t  (  via,  ^242,1  HH}) 

that  L  1   in  iiiteici>t,  tipon  the 

bui](Iiiij^  tTf^tctl  (iw  its  tj*ip,  together  with 
snch  portionii  of  inlL'n*st  on  i\n-  original 
IxN^iiCJit  jMi  renmtncfl  iini'Jtp<?mk'il  m  any 
year,  Da*vin>*i?*  of  husban*hni:  thi'ir  re* 
sonrrcjf  to  the  utinoiit,  the  Ile>:ent^  rc- 
Bolvetl  to  inve.st  the  buihling  funtl^  and 
not  Id  lhii>^h  the  htiildtit^  rnitnc^imtcIyT 
but  tot>3(tt'n«l  the  time  of  \iH  eoni|ileUon 
Utittl  Sh^J^l^O^'Xl  of  iuton^.^t  shuoia  ba 
Enved,  to  l>c  iwhlocl  to  the  jirincipah 

Thit  pfan,  on^^nmlly  profKi^iuil  by  Fro- 
Tessor  U at  lie.  Ims  been  eiirric"!  out  hy  the 
SutTi'Lary  ;  atni  thon^li  iln?  hml-hn^f  haA 
cost  ^^lUMXm,  it  will  lie  tljiiKhetl  withio 
the  jirestnt  year^  lin  I  the  original  prin- 
cipal iiwjxasrd  fnmi  S:>|5.t»l»ft  to  ^063.0iKJ, 

The  intpfovi'k'nl  ihve^tmtnt  of  the 
originnl  fuudii  by  ihv  Unile^l  8t»te^  in 
worth k^HH  sti^k,  wt^K  on  nrntw  aceoonts, 
An  unf^^rtunate  circun»f*tAnce.  It  cvr^iuii- 
}y  detuyeil  the  ('slal»lih)inietit  of  the  inati- 
tiition  it*ielf.  It  niello  it  neee«sary  for 
Conjure  ss  to  inlerpos^e,  an 'I  io  rinJeein  our 
pHwl  fiiiih  hy  i\'ftnifilnsr  the  rn^^Ti**y  thun 
th VQ\%  n  J4 way ,  Thin  ain  of  i^iioj  J(t  justice, 
with*mt  which  we  would  huve  Mood  di*;^ 
hojiored  BM  a  rmlion,  in  the  eyefl  of  tbs 

^''''^'''  ^ '    TT  tht?  i'Htiinalion  of  nmny, 

H  a  qim^i  n^jht  to  inttT- 
i  s  ill  i^i  as  W^t  to  suit  their 

i-  i'lu  the  evitjenl  tuten- 

t:  !  r      Vftnouti  eon  lite  tiri^ 

H.  In  ita'H  wi're    broiiehed^  and    ueAily  alt 
M*enip4  more  or  lei*^  incUn^^i  to  nmk^  use 
of  th*-*  tnonev  to  iJefray  tho  exjM.-a'*  of 
their  own  hft*vhif'»«.  or  to  (lay  lof  humlry 
'    -u'sA,   hi  them* 
.  should   fiii>' 
iHjo  Jnr  svitti   ujraMy  Hni^^ii  from   the  na- 
ti*>mvl  ttvasury.  and  fur  whieh  it  cxrtainlr 
'     ^     ■  riyht  to  nifiKi^  umj  iif  Snnthv)u*« 
L      Sonnr  tlioiijflit  it  would  he  a 
.. .  ■    -|fjy>rtunity  to  t'stahhish  an  acneul* 
turn]  bureau,  atid  thai  the  funrln  ("Otihl 
not  U"  bittiii  ui.iinitn -at-  ,1  iliufi  fi.r  II  piir* 
plSCJ  »o   j»rr  iiIIj!. 

In   w'hot   w  ■  ■    b« 

uhtatiieih  or  mor*  pio'i  lione  i«i  i\w  rmit^ 
try  ?  Now,  f»r  b*^  il  ffom  n*  Io  t|nw>itioii 
iUa  niied  of  mch  an  institution^  Uur 
govern  incut  i^i  dewfrvinj-  of  jfist  reproadh^ 
that  it  hti><i  not  -i  en-MttKj, 

Hut  It  ciraf  ly  \\  i  m  \*l  \i,i* 


124 


The  Smith»mktn  Imtituiim, 


[Aug. 


money  contcmf^trtted  by  Smithfjon^  who 
cmbraetvl  a!i  kinttt  of  htotnledge,  and 
not  the  mere  practical  art  of  ajrrienlture, 
anil  who  meant  to  dtfTttge  knowledgi!  to 
men  of  all  nations,  and  not  for  our  conn* 
try  men  merely*  Others  wantc^d  a  ^llery 
of  line  urtts  n  limitwi  form  of  knowledjji; 
for  which  Mr.  Sraithson  is  not  know^n  to 
haf^e  had  any  taste*  Though  not,  per- 
haps, excluded  by  his  will  it  certainly 
was  not  exclusively  contemplated-  Nor 
was  the  scheme  of  a  great  national  library 
at  Washington,  any  more  likely  to  have 
been  in  hts  mind  when  he  sought  to  in- 
cr^fie  knowled^  among  men.  A  Irbrary 
however  lar^,  select,  or  vahiable^  keeps. 
preserver  but  hardly  diffuseii,  certainly 
does  not  increase  know-led^.  It  must, 
of  necessity,  be  local  and  limited  in  ita 
benefit.  Mr  Smithson*s  li|*hts  were  in- 
tendisJ  to  shine  for  all  mankind.*  Others 
strenuously  (ml led  for  a  great  national 
museum,  on  llie  plan  of  the  British  Mu- 
jsatirn^  or  so'neihing^  like  it.  A  most  de- 
sirable ohject  doubtless,  and  one  which 
cannot  too  soon  be  organized  by  Congrcis^ 
from  the  national  treasury  ;  and  iiivalua- 
ble  an  an  instrument,  a  place  of  registry 
or  a  field  of  stud)*  for  tha^^o  who  seek  to 
discover  new  truths  in  science,  but  it  is 
nothing  more.  It  is  not,  clearly,  what 
Mr.  Stnithson  left  his  money  for,  to  the 
exclusion  of  other  pur|)Oses.  And  when 
we  bt'ar  in  mind  the  constant  tendencies 
of  mere  collections,  without  an  active  liv- 
ing orf:ani55ation,  to  become  station ary» 
too  much  precaution  can  hardly  be  ta- 
ken to  guard  against  a  condition  that  ar- 
rests both  the  increase  and  the  ditfuston 
of  knowledge. 

It  was  nnaroidahle  that  all  these  con- 
flicting opinions,  unfortunately  aided  by 
the  necessity  that  existed  Tor  calling  upon 
our  national  treasury ,  f^honld  have  delay- 
edt  for  several  years,  the  fulJilment  if 
Mn  SinitliKon'e  will.  It  is,  npon  the 
whole,  a  mailer  of  some  con^rratulalion^ 
that,  out  of  so  j^xrat  a  eonllict  of  mind.Sj  so 
mneh  of  the  true  spirit  that  dictated  the 
b(?quest  s^honhl  have  been  preserved,  as 
may  be  found  in  the  pro^amme  of  or- 
ganisation adopted  by  the  Board  of  Re- 
gents, Ileccmber,  JftW.  It  certainly  was 
most  fortunate,  that  for  the  executive 
head  of  the  Institution  their  choice  should 


have  fallen  upon  one  so  thoroughly  im- 
bued with  the  I  rue  animus  of  its  founder. 
Professor  Joseph  Henry,  of  Princeton 
College^  the  gentleman  selected  by  the 
Regents  to  Inaugnnite  this  infant  insiitu- 
tion.  was.  like  Mr.  Smithson,  himself  de- 
voted to  the  study  of  the  physical  sciences. 
Thoroughly  undi*rstanding  the  mi.ssion  he 
has  undertaken,  sensitively  appreciative 
of  the  design  of  Mr.  Smithson  in  the 
incrcai^e  and  advancement  of  scientific 
knowledgt*,  watchful  and  zealous  in  Im 
endeavors  to  execute  the  important  trust 
confidtfd  to  his  hands,  and  enjoj-ing  the 
contidence  of  the  scien title  men  of  the 
country;  no  one  could  have  endeavored, 
with  more  religious  fidelity,  to  fulfil  it  in 
the  cxai^t  spirit  of  its  founder^  than  he 
appears  to  have  done. 

The  Smithsonian  Institutlonj  aa  finally 
organ! seed,  by  act  of  Congress,  was  accom- 
panied by  certain  requirements  which,  as 
we  shall  take  occasion  hereafter  to  show, 
arc  in  conflict  with  the  spirit  of  Mr.  Smith- 
son's  will,  inasmuch  as  they  directly  di- 
minish the  means  of  executing  it.  'This 
act  contemplated  the  formation  of  a  libra- 
ry, a  museum  of  natural  objects,  a  gallery 
of  fine  arts,  and  an  expensive  building 
We  shall  speak  of  each  of  these  pre«icntly 

The  plan  of  organization  adopted^  wi\s^ 
in  point  of  fact,  a  kind  of  compromise  be* 
tween  those  who  sought  to  exact  the  folfil- 
meut  of  the  fotmdcHs  will,  and  those,  mon; 
latitudinarian  in  their  construction,  who 
wished  to  make  the  funds  av.ailable  tor 
their  own  ideas  of  the  be^st  means  of  spread- 
ing knowlcflge.  A  counterport  of  the 
British  iluscum  was  evidently  contem- 
plated by  many*  As  we  have  sai<l  per- 
haps wo  ought  to  be  thankful  that  the 
former  wer^  able  to  retain  so  much  of  thi* 
found er^i4  ainis^  in  their  attempt  to  harmo^ 
nlsMj  eon  flictiug  opinion  St  Nor  was  it  to  be 
expected  that  any  plan  adopted,  even  under 
the  most  favorable  circuntstances^  couJd 
be  found  quite  perfect  tn  practice.  It  was 
of  course  at  f^rst  rather  a  trials  a  provisfon^ 
a1  suggestion  of  detail  a,  than  a  permanent 
adoption,  though  they  have  been  thus  far, 
for  the  most  part,  adhered  to. 

In  the  first  report  of  the  Secretary  to 
the   Board  of  RegentSj  we  lind  ocrl 
guiding  principles  upon  which  the  plaaj 
organization  was  based,  worthy  of  nou 


7^  Smiih»onia»  lustituiion. 


]$& 


rhatk  w«  thftll  brtiflj  ^re.    Th«  bo^ 
ii  not  for  us  iti' '^1"   ^"»^  f/i*- ...^i,,. 
1}  the  Unibsd  Sr 

linUofi  b  an  m<'  ik^  n  naiiottftl 

«itMWi«iUm«iit ;  ^  ui  ohj*K%  is  to 

||er«a«e  the  cxisUtv^  ^tuck  of  knowledge 
1^  MTW  Irullis  iii  till?  ilr^t  tiUcc,  arvrl  tUen 
la  dini^iuinaio  theiii ;— ali  bram-hcv;  of 
karfMrlMl^  mm  entitled  to  ftttcniiim,  there 
m% ;  lis  mm  should  lie.  i%M 
it  Kucb  rcMulU  H^  ed.t)Uo| 

r  oTllitt  widii  Huh]  to  br  ;  luid 

EotMnnr«di  itoiiieefittrjr  expendilures 
'  tocaJ  ot^^i^cC^  would  be  a  pirT^irrsJon  af 
IW  iTtiat.  Sudi  wtfc  tlve  prinerples  «« 
Ilea  Jttid  doim*  The)^  «fc  sountl  and  iipt 
W  tw  cotttrovert^f.  KulioiA'itig  Ihein  uut  m 
ll»  plan  of  or}^tii;B«tu>()^  U  w'as  proposvi], 
bf  i«imrd«  for  ntftmoirs  coritAiniii|^  iK?w 
tratbi,  U  >ljttiutjitt^  to  oripn&l  iti^carclu-^s ; 
amttiAl  appropriiii«oris  fur  |>zir|tc- 

in  vanous  branches 
i  [tjiraU?   tTX4tist*5  on 

='  III 
^  tlie 

to 

I  by 

'■  un  ; 

^    of 

to 

,1  vU  uiirkhy  ol 

I  ohv^rvalioijjj 
r.vtmrt^  m 

Eiuljjuctif, 

Aitioiii;  the 

II  tbe  rrporlji, 
^  '  I  story,  ig- 

*c  lOttrU, 

.  ^ ,  ,.^ulq»^iphy, 

bibtiogrmphj. 


Hfe^  lO  bo  ^  '^'AU* 

00kg€  '  ry,  n  mil- 

muxm.  ^H.      Th(f 

||««r  V  'Hi  of  the 

IfH^iP^^r' tLT^    *H     Lrtr    jr4^ru<-fi    >'^cic(tCJ^  JU)d 

mA  oorfAl  ptnodtoib  ut  tmghi  he 
wmamvy  m  prepumf  the  i^mtIs.  Thu 
'^Ihr**^^  WM  id  ONiiitAt  of  ot^u  to  ver* 


if  J  tht  publications,  ins  tr  omenta  of  re- 

searcb  iuexp*' ►^^'^i  -—"'^^  casts  of  the 

tnost  eelehrji  i  A  ptunr,  mod- 

els of  antscjuii  ,  ....  ,  Ld  of  imtuml 
bis(tor>%  KspecraJ  attention  rus  also  to  bo 
|ivc«  to  the  colJeclion  of  catalogue-*  of 
foreign^  ft.<i  well  as  dotnmtic  hbrjine^,  ih  u 
tueans  of  biblio^rmphical  knowlcd|^. 

The  above  is  a  brief  ftynopsi^  of  the  plaa 
of  operations  upon  which  the  inslrlulbn 
was  bailed  at  iu  flr^t  organijLation,  and 
ufion  whichj  up  to  the  present  moment^  it 
has  been  eamtkl  on*  Before  we  take  itilo 
oonsiidcratiori  bow^  hr  all  tlic  matters  oon- 
lemplatud  by  the  act  of  CoDgrefta»  are 
compatible  with  a  faithful  obaervaneo  of 
Mr*  Smithson's  wishes,  it  will  b^  interest- 
ing to  ob^TTu  what  ha«  been  done  by  the 
intilitution  durmg  the  six  ye4LrH  of  it3  ac- 
tive ej£ii>tence. 

The  pubhc&tiona  iiisuod  by  the  Smith* 
soniaii^  are  of  two  i^ixes,  qunrto  and  uctavo. 
The  lunner  embrace  the  JSmithsonian 
Contribiit)ani«  to  Knowledge,  and  thm  ^ze 
has  been  preferred  because  of  ila  supri- 
ority  and  economy  for  the  platen  which 
niay  be  required  to  accompany  the  original 
pttiwrji,  to  which  this  ^ene^  is  restricted. 
Six  of  these  voliimtfa,  containing  twenty- 
four  sefMirale  memoirs,  have  beeji  piibliJi- 
<d»  Of  tbc^  tho  llrst  m  oecupic^l  by  asi 
«ltt I M ,  I  1 1 .,  w ( > r k  by  Mck^r&»  ^q u ier  and 
Dit  I  to  the  Hncient  motiu intents 

of  h  sppi  \'alley  ;  the  fourth  con- 

Lain  it  a  (^ranmmr  luid  dictionury  of  the 
Dakota  languii^*  ouliucicd  by  members  bo 
the  Dakota  mission.  The  other  voluniea 
are  cKunipied  by  urtginal  jm[>erH,  by  vaii- 
OU94  gt^ntieaiLMi  of  liigh  fc«e«i,'n  title  attainr 
lucnltif  scvvn^l  of  which  deiierve  lo  bo 
notjce^l  more  partieutarly. 

f  'opii*^  of  tlie  volume  on  themonumeiiU^ 
of  the  Miiflisiiippi  Val!ey,  were  distributed 
arnong  the  pruicipal  literary  and  ^cutititla 
iOcMea  of  tha  world,  and  to  all  the  eu^ 
lipa  and  largtr  libraiiea  of  this  et^uniry, 
and  haa  every  where  met  with  ct^mrucuda' 
tiou*i,  1 L  hm  been  iu.strumtmtal  in  dinscting 
atleniiun  to  AuKnciin  antiqukies,  and  baa 
not  a  bttle  i^mtnbut^Hl  to  e<>llc^iioft«ofall 
Uie  factK  ttiat  can  be  pithered^  in  regard 
to  the  aneient  mhabiUnUi  of  Amrnea^ 
Iseforfl  it  IK  ma^te  Urn  late  by  the  obliti'ra- 
tiou  of  tht^ir  nnmtimriiti^  and  other  tmoee^ 
in  tiii?  onward  tidi*  of  dvilizatioa. 

The  ^ainniBr  of  thv  l>akuta.»  \h  det  Tn«4 
a  work  of  j^reJit  mtt<n*t»t^  U)th  u>  ibu  ^-th- 
noIojiiKt  and  r'.      '   '      '  =       '      ,  lI>- 

lication.  and  i  nsi 

for  eollf  f-' ■  't+' ^  i*pw^  led 

to  tiii?  J'  mirk  on  the 

langiiag^:  ,  lube  alao  ia> 

«ued  under  t i  ^  'f  tbia  liuitituyoii. 


12d 


The  Smithsonian  InitimHm, 


li 


It  has  bepti  exfimbed  1>y  cornpeti^nt  etli- 
nolojfiKU  nnd  its  pirblicfttton  waniilycotn* 

Among  the  pftpers  contained  in  the 
seeofid  untl  thrrii  vol y !»!(**«.  our  spjicc  will 
cmly  suffer  us  to  refer  Ut  a  ft'W.  Th& 
oonirihiitiorvii  of  Mr*  Ilnrvey  to  A  bistor j 
of  the  ^fiirine  Algftcj  of  North  Atiierien  do 
I5crvt!  particular  mcntm.  Its  iitithor>  Pro- 
ft«ssor  Harvey  of  the  UniversHy  of  Ouhliiij 
IB  a  botanist  of  the  bipbcFl  onthoritTr  m  this 
brnnch ;  who  not  only  made  a  collection 
of  the  marine  pfantK  of  our  coa-^t.  but  fur^ 
imbed  draw^ings  and  descriptions  of  each 
species  at  his  own  expense.  Thin  work  is 
warmly  eonimended  by  our  best  bota- 
nists.  Two  numbers  have  been  pub!i?ihcd 
and  the  tbVrd  is  in  preparation.  It  !«  a 
work  of  pirat  merit,  iut^rest,  and  scicntiiic 
importance^  and  not  without  a  practical 
vahie  in  agriculture  and  the  chemical 
art'*.  If  the  Institution  had  1>c<;n  able  to 
publish  nothing  else,  it  would  have  no 
reason  io  be  ashame<3  of  its  in strii mental- 
ity in  giving  to  ihe  world  a  work  of  thiii 
standard  character,  and  which,  but  for 
thiJir  tiid,  would  perhaps  never  have  seen 
the  Hghr. 

El  let's  contributions  to  the  Physical 
Ge*>graphy  of  the  United  States  ift  also 
A  contribution  of  much  interest,  and 
one  that  hits  exdted  much  attention 
amfrng  those  to  whom  its  subject  is  one 
of  i»eculiar  attraction,  A  very  elaborate 
and  thorough  series  of  researches  into  the 
anatomy  of  the  frog  was  prepared  for  the 
Institution  by  Professor  Jeffries  W3'manj 
of  Harvard  University,  throwing  much 
new  liuht  npon  the  organization  of  this 
class  of  the  animal  kingdom.     Interesting 


and  Taluable  rewa regies  in  r&j^rd  to  thi> 
aborijrmal  monunienl*i  of  New-Vork^  by 
5Ir,  Sqiiior,  nnd  of  Ohio.  t>y  Mr,  Whittle- 
ficy,  are  pivcn  in  IbcMr  vdumes.  Seit'Siti- 
fic  accounts  of  the  Ijotnnieat  collections 
made  in  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  by  Mr. 
Wright,  unvler  the  dirci-tion  of  the  United 
States  Survey,  have  been  furnished  by 
Professor  Gray,  nnd  their  publication 
com  mi' need  m  the  thirtl  rolume. 
,  Thp  hh:^  Professor  SearK  C\  Walker,  of 
the  Nati*ma(  Ohj^ervatorvH  was  aukd  liy 
the  Institution  in  llic  conjpl*nion  of  those 
remnrkablc  aslmnonvicai  triunvphs.  whirb 
attt^nded  thi?  cfosing  da_v  of  thut  truly 
great  philoj^jpher.  (lis  ndmblion  of  an 
cphcmeris  of  the  actual  places  of  the  n">w 
planet  Neptune,  |jerbaps,  wilhoTit  cxwp- 
tiouj  the  p\^atest  triumph  AstronoTny  half 
yet  achieved,  we  owe  to  the  bounty  of 
the  SmithMipnian,  which  thus  assisted  in 
giving  the  honor  of  the  interest  in  jr  dis- 
covery to  our  own  country.  IF  the  histj- 
tution  bad  done  only  this,  it  would  have 
richly  earned  the  grateful  consideration  of 
science.* 

Among  the  reports  on  the  Progress  of 
Knowledge,  in  octavo  form,  have  appeared 
a  n>05t  valuable  history  of  the  recent  ini^ 
provenients  in  the  Chemical  arts,  which 
b^  been  nnicH  sought  after ;  a  history  of 
the  planet  Neptune  by  ProfcMS€>r  tlotild  j 
notices  of  ali  the  public  libraries  in  ihe 
United  States,  by  Profesisor  Jewctt ;  and 
a  complete  catalogue  of  the  Coleoptem  of 
North  America. 

These  publications  are  sent  by  the 
Itjs^ti tution  to  all  the  ^rf^l  class  lihrariea^ 
and  literury  and  scicntrlic  jsocietics  in  tho 
worldj  OS  well  as  to  all  the  colU'^gcs  and 


*  The  frtllawinft  accoQut  of  PmfeaiBftr  WaTfcef^  ftl!<enrQtiat  wp  hmvp  Jhnnff.  tilnt^  Uifr  mUi\e  <rei»  wriUf  \  (a 
ateeturv  d^llv^i^d^f  Frofe»«cir  UvoTf  bt>fure  tbe  Aia^rii&ftii  AMi>eiaUt»ti  fur  Uit^  lulvAnotiutujit  cf  K«luitHilpit,  li 

*•  A  few  ytarfl  aco  a  rt'w  pinriet.  now  Icnown  br  th<»  nime  of  NVfitunfiv  wiia  dl»mv-'^r«l1  fii  *  ]r«miirl£Ah1« 

iitr  .  ] 

hni  i ....  ..J 

«f  tliD  Ittbtt  WOT  I  1. 

mi'''.  . 

mCM'!.i  I 


ator' 

Lull 

lt»T'     -         . 

Itl  ttl#  Ob*;jn,  iiLucj-  i4i  I'uUh.  Ill  ^Ut  bt  einruiutnl      ii  **  J*  f-HiJiU  4lkML  LfU«J.l  . 


18M.] 


7%«  Smilhjumian  IntlituHon. 


HT 


■hUe  lilmriM«r*nT  mkcrilttuJc  in  the 


DM  SUtr^ 

Tt,    i-itiiT-f,   H'-^  Ifi^rinnlt.n 

■Nfv  r 

[Wl»fi 

A«Um 

flie«»n 

.1- 

raberc: 

lUnbuilOUS 

KKItTft^! 

ind 

In 

^i    )MlU    iUv-    fiublicAtir>n« 

ti 

|^of>.   we    jiitifit    not    omit 

mmkfi 

TBfenUcii)    of  the   ar» 

vpmet^^ 

1   by  it  in   einnnwitidn 

lil     tWtT 

'    ^  .   .       ",, 

b  •  iPfi 

T  W« 

•\ 

w  of  the  tJtiittnl 

iinU*h  tliiun  {Ji*n 
uim   it  r*'f*ivi.*H 
mntry  and  forwardu 
I  to  til  Thf*ie  exchivniri** . 

"Own  Atul  til  her 
iifiinty.  Ihi^f- 
[ilaiKif  frciuntJHc 
ln?<iitntion  hiiH 
ifjn  of  Ih5 
i  pri  Royal  St>* 

(■ptlcm,  with  rrfrr  I,  .   !M(iri*at 
-^  ^  'I'-"    '    ■^.:  ,,i   lilt:    ^vorkK 
111  I  Jtis^titutitja  in 


IvTaH 


I 


•fit.: 

irrtti  itn   imknowii  qn«jitity  of 

«?fL     Pr*jk'ss<jr 
-t  thrr.'  riHirtlni 
f  VLm  iir:j.  « f  f  t  h !  H  r<  jHij  t  ry 

t  ikniu^  1 4  aji^ftnt  of  the 

f  IfiAUtQtaon  Uitt  IN  P> 


ipjo<l   looompliBluKi  in  tbA   diffusioti  of 

kn*>w  l4?dp;«. 

RtHCftrclieA  rr»t/>  tlie  [>lio«omt?nii  of  m** 
tcv^rology  have  liecii  exit*itkLv<  Iv  j»r«i^xmt-' 
eel  imd<*r  tho  dirt*ction  of  !l  nma 

I  lis  t  il  1 J  t  i  on*     T  hesc  b«  V  c!  i  M  ;  uUi  a- 

&\,  witJi  the  dv!^t|cn  to  (*(nbriM.ct.  tu  tkr  ns 
pcisLsjUhi,  the  whob  £tiHac:o  ^»f  North 
Ai]icrJ4!»  undent  thoir  ob?Jet?Arif^ii«,  Ub- 
feorvLTji,  in  rlitrer^nt  parts  *>f  the  eonntry, 
rtvHjfil  I  by  Tiinoii^  rbnfi;;^*s  in  the  sky^ 
tho  (lirecUon  of  the  w  inrl,  ili^  chnnfcs  of 
tcmpcnttirc,  &<!.,  kc.  In  thi^  th^  InsU- 
tuliun  \i^&  iM?on  aided  by  Cojijk^io^H,  by 
appropriation!*  from  New  York  ajkI  Xa^tKn- 
cbiiJiisLU,  and  by  obstrvationKfroin  ottiecrs. 
Uttlj  rri  ,.LU'  owHi  iiml  thu  BMllih  army. 
1 !  I  New  York  nmdtj  hbiral  *p- 

pf\  for    meteorologicil    ohntTfTH^ 

tions,  anci  im  whole  Ky^ttiu  vvus  <irt^rini7*--d 
iinder  the  dirtH.tion  of  tho  i^fTiiUistmmn 
Insilitatton.  i:k>nieilun^  »miiUr,  thuujL'h 
or  J  ii  fittiftllpr  scmh\  has  been  doi^o  by 
AfttfiMHcbustHty,  Iniportiinl  i*jrvici;H  h»¥» 
nlM)  iusiu  fend<5rw<l  by  ih«*  In^tituUou  in 
tho  intro<b)cuon  of  inu  >  iriniienU 

for  cond ucti n g  tljcjsc  o  Y h b » - 

fibltf  n^iiiUtfi  Imvc  ^K'f'n  oijiaiiii  ii,  in  st'vcrnl 
inntfin^TH,  by  e;iploring  and  surveying 
jn'  ^ninho*!  by  tbu  liisitiUUbu  vfiKh 
i\  At    the    pt^<.M?nl    niumenl^ 

i*;i.. ,..,  ,L,,,HiitM|  obM.*rven  un*  diHiribiitwi 
ovur  th^  entire  rontineiit^  m*n^  or  k^sM 
LiiihT  ill  f\t*ry  Sutc  m  Iha  Umon,  ;»11  of 
hnvu  bctjn  tiuppliinl  with  \\vw  iind 
r  tublv.^  and  dnifcliou.s  fur  ob.'^TV- 
ifi|^,  und  innny  uf  thcrn  a<x'timk'ly  emu* 
pun^d  with  inhtninvcnLs.  In  ihib  way  buH 
b*?cn  cxiUtsctt*d  ttti  extended  sfiiea  of  fjictJi 
yielding  deduL'tron!^  of  pvat  interest  in 
rv^ffird  til  tbi^  chirr  a  re  of  ib«*  courUry,  and 
the  met^'amlogy  of  ihe  ^lobo. 

Although  the  condition  of  lU  fund4 
have  notf  Urns  far  fK'nnittt^d  Eitncb  to  lj<i 
d  »no  in  J^gtird  to  rc}«e&r«*J}CM  in  oalurikl 


Uai 


I  ¥thl6h  irimLiU-i  lliu  nkUCfTjliuiiuif  M»  rallitW  U  ft^tta  ulflit  t«  nl|tlit  lit  | 


i  prf"*rt  tc  iii#  »«ti-^^  '^ ' 


low.    l'«MGiP  iv  IjU  i]uutni>ry*    ii#  vw  ik  iaui,<-tiilui  tuiu  A#  «U  la  »JJ, 


nr 


Tlie  Smilhitmian  ImtituUoH. 


fAuf. 


k 


k 


i 


faistcif7,  i^iteiff  ^c.f  the  Institution  has 
not  \ieen  idle,  A Rgj stances  Iioa  been  ren- 
dered to  tho  e:!C  pi  oration  of  the  botany  of 
New  Mexico,  and  to  that  of  the  fossil 
geology  of  Nebraska.  Tfc  has  defrajed 
the  exfjenses  of  exploration  in  relation  to 
eroKions  of  the  earth  hy  rivers,  and  other 
geolo^cal  phenomena,  U  h^%  projnoted 
mstroiiOTny.  hy  aiding:  the  researches  that 
discovered  the  trno  orbit  of  the  planet 
Neptune,  as  w-ell  as  hy  the  instrumenLs 
it  funii^hetl  l^ieut.  Giliiefl^  in  his  Chilian 
expedition.  It  ha^^  furnished  annual  h^im 
of  t3€oultiition8  of  the  principal  stars  for 
the  determination  of  loo|rittide^  U  has 
prepare*!  tables  for  &Eo:rtaining  heights 
with  the  baroniett-r.  It  has  furnished 
instrnmcntis  for  determining  the  elemi?nts 
of  the  maj^^nelic  force,  to  the  varioas  ex- 
ploring exj*cdjtions.  And  last  though  by 
no  means  least  In  this  lij^t.  of  food  deedsi, 
it  has  perfected  J  under  the  su)jerv»«ian  of 
Mr.  Jewett,  a  plan  of  slereotvping  cata- 
logues of  li brines  which,  if  generally 
adopted,  will  render  eifective  aid  to  the 
whole  country. 

Since  its  organ itation  the  active  op- 
emtions  of  tho  Institntion  have  been 
much  embarrassed,  and  its  nieans  of 
usefulness  dimmishcd,  by  the  original 
mistake  of  appropriating  so  large  an 
amount  to  &  co.stly  building.  It  was 
an  un  for  lunate  error,  on  the  ptirt  of 
Congresj^   not  to   use  a    fesa   mild   ox- 

CmoT\j  to  be  thus  prodigal  of  these 
ds,  when  a  t;imple  building,  costing 
only  a  sixth  of  the  amount  expende^J, 
would  have  been  abundant  for  ail  iin 
want.^.  Theorigiunl  estimate  required  aji 
eKpenditun>  on  the  building*  &€.,  of 
8250.000,  but  it  waji  found  n«^cessary  to 
incur  an  increase<l  ext>ense  for  Hro-prooting 
tl-je  interior,  of  ©50,01X1. 

It  appeared  from  the  last  annual  report 
made  in  January,  1853,  that  the  number 
of  vobime,>  in  the  library  then  amounted 
to  SJOT,  of  which  2^598  were  adde^l  in 
1852;  that  other  articles,  iucludlng 
pamphletSj  maps,  &c.,  amounted  to 
lU094,  of  which  7,208  were  also  received 
in  1852.*  The  chief  of  these  acc4?fision3 
have  been  derived  from  exchangesj  and 
demonstrate,  that,  to  a  very  Urge  extent^ 
the  InFtitiition  may  depend  u{>on  this^ 
return  from  its  active  ofieratious,  for  ik 
valuablei  scientific  library^  as  many  of  the 
b^joks  thus  received  in  excbanpe  are  of 
the  first  juiportaaeo  to  a  ^  ■  "  tit- 
dent.  Although  the  untini  of 
itm  building  has  rendered  \i  tittx^i-stiry  to 


confine  the  collections  for  the  mupcum  to 
a  limit eil  space  in  the  bafiement,  v  here 
they  could  not  be  publicly  exhrl  iio«l, 
that  departtnent  has  not  been  ne^'h-i  ttni. 
Prof.  Baird  has  actively  ejcertt^d  bini^elf 
to  its  rncrea.%  by  his  personal  reeean-hL'S, 
by  fitimulating  others,  and  by  carefully 
preserving  those  received.  In  the  de- 
partments of  herpetology,  icthyology  and 
mammals,  itfi  collection  is  already  re- 
markaidy  rich.  In  the  i^itigle  item  ot 
serpents  J  the  Institution  possesses  twice 
m  many  North  American  si}>eeiew  as  were 
given  in  the  great  work  of  Dr.  Uol brook. 
It  is  also  rich  in  unde^ribed  ijpecres  in 
various  departments^  but  moi*©  c^fwcially 
in  re|!:ard  to  fishes  and  rt'pliles.  Large 
and  imprtaut  additions  may  be  looked 
for  from  tiie  various  explorhig  expedi- 
tions, lioth  on  land  anil  h^a,  and  mnKiant 
donations  are  received  from  officer*  in 
the  army  and  the  navy.  Indeed  the 
value  of  Washington  as  a  central  point 
for  the  means  of  stimulating  i^e^iearfhes, 
and  collections  in  all  directions,  and  in 
nil  the  various  depariment-'S  of  kuow* 
ledgCj  as  well  as  of  redistributing  to  M 
the  various  scientific  ii&jjociations  and 
colleges  its  surplus  wealth  of  duplicute 
specimens,  has  been  well  attested  by 
wliat  has  already  been  done  by  this  in- 
ititntion^  even  in  its  infancy,  und  when 
one  half  its  income  was  each  year  applied 
to  the  stOEie  and  mortar  of  its  cosily  edi- 
fice. 

For  a  gallery  of  fine  arts  the  only  arti- 
cles that  huve  been  collected,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  act  of  Cong:rt?ss,  havt*  bi^n 
a  valuable  series  of  engtuvingB  by  the  old 
masters. 

The  act  of  Congrees  required  tho  de- 
livery of  public  lectures  in  Washington, 
This  requirement  has  been  complii^d  with. 
It  may  ho  were  r  be  doubted  whether  any 
thing  so  limited  in  their  infiuence  as  l^ 
cal  lectures  could  have  been  contemplat- 
ed by  Smith?«n  hiuiFelC  Yet  we  iu*e  noft 
disposed  to  find  much  fiiutt  with  this  re- 
quii^mt^nt,  Tliat  they  do  goo<l  we  doubt 
not.  No  one  who  has  heard  them, 
or  seen  the  crowded  and  rcspectftd  audi* 
ences  th<?y  are  sure  to  call  out,  can  ha 
estiy  qnestiun  their  beneficial  m^jral 
fluencc  on  a  city  like  Washing* oti.  8liT] 
we  are  quite  as  clear  in  our  opinion  th^t 
not  even  the  good  they  n^ay  do  cun  jwa 
fy  CongR'Ss  tn  pa^ying  for  them  from  i 
Smllh^ontan  fund  to  any  largtr  anioud 
anil  that,  if  it  be  desirable  to  <j\i 
them,  as  we  are  very  far  fntm  disputill 


•  From  UiD  more  rw^fiit  report  uf  tht)  Kefent*  It  would  ■Mm  itU  iti«  Ubrar;  o««a1m»  «#  lM,*m  f Oiana 
Hid  6U0U  ^umpiiletai  b«Etd«  ^trti  at  roluiaoa^ 


mm 


^m 


IfiH.] 


n^  Smithionian  Iwlitution. 


I 


«kigr  ilMKiJil  b9  |au)  for  hj  era?  own  ^^o- 
fWMiuiiit,  or  from  other  sourem,  and 
mAj  A  «nall  fum  t«k«u  fro  u  tbu  Smith- 

'  riRsed  in  iTvipw^  the  liis- 

Ii.  ruwtjot),  brit!%»  fur  our 

ru  U  Jouitxti  3fi!t  w^e  truKt  with  *iufR- 
t  twXws^  Ui  i'lhilitl  Wtti  what  \vu& 
fki  BiMon  SMigi>inl  it  W  lis  fotiudcr^ 
lid  vluU  Ims  been  done  b}*  it^  trintei'Sj 

i fUU  tvoiAtQB*  foriBft  I  how  ftir 

ill  tnte  n&Mloii  hiA  U-  .  '>-  .\^ti>i>ij,  in 
ili  or]gaai»liMI,  ind  oirneil  oiU,  iti  its 
ivlaeqaetit  ofimlJOM.    To  U;  ahlo  to  d>j 

Satth^OQ  r«  ''^>4  lHH|iK'^^t,  Its  wi:U 

M  lib  a«ni  liter  wnd  ruoirfkil 

vKm^  M>  faj'  M  xXwy  throw  light  upim^ 
«i4  vmk^  rri<ii*ijt  LiM  citH.H.t.aiionA  ta 
nUng  tlio  Uequcvit  U  WAS  not  nione 
s  librwy,  or  a  uttjfoum,  or  i 
tif  fine  arta,  nor  to  give  jxipuUr 
It  «rm*  ttiinply  to  aih^tnc^  or 
f  Ju*<     '    '  '  si  dittuiie  what 

:.     That  only 
^  a  t  -  '*  r.Hi,  of 

Ilii  bemtAT  tta 

iifliiilljr  U'  til- 

oiMi  la»u^  J  -  ^ .  ■   that 

WB^mm  ASOOQi:  mciK  But  hoB  iloii^resii, 
a  tliv  ciri&stl/^tfoti  '^f  this  Im^titution. 
Ikoi    disid)  ii^iiL^  of 

Imbqt  tttd  f.  ii^'widiin 

lli»  b(Mii)iii%  ui^iic^uU  It^  a>»  fv)un«Ur^g 
villi  To  our  piira fitiQU  it  im  very 
ikmtt  tltat  it  luui,  in  certain  rc^H^tt^  de- 
riiini  frucn  it  lit  tho  llr^t  pbcv,  it 
t  tiii»  «iprtidkture,  in  ot*Uip»nitively 
I  ai»d  mortar,  of  rn-jirly  thrco 
'-  It  hm  lad- 
',  }ii3  cliargt  of 
'  rgtiii  dofwrt^ 
rly  btboftto 
,,  to  S#  cmntf  tir 
I  ah»orb  the  wtiolo 
thti^.  whili'  mi  siti- 
'.    iti 


wcnJ 

•ritsIkBiir] 

tn^ict  b  M 


I 


L      CoMCTfNU  J 


tl-A%fi'\  ,rx*t  a  ttO- 

i«i_v  to  n  ftiw 
I  I*'  i,  amnarvntly, 

loomnuiifii  I  tic  nulicai  error  of 
J  lla  tnttraMi,  tW  ioimiat  of  half 
^  «IIUi9ii,  lo  Ini  taexlaaiiiitible.  Whtlo 
wmm  llioiifbt  of  faabeUUhiiAie  t^c  capital 
if  tl9  attCiDfi  vtlli  a  HMgiiidceot  boilditig, 
wifpanid  tJiai  tiiey  CDUld  aUo 


havc^  a  larg:©  library^  a  pmllery  of  fine  arta, 
n  niuiveimi^  Ac,^  and  "^tiU  havu  [in  incfttti^ 
liiri^u  enoO(:h  for  th<*  moru  Ittytrtiinale 
iitir[>t**e?v  of  the  iiifttiiutiou*  Tn  the  con- 
met  of  thofe  variotii  ohjcvcfs  of  prefer* 
tiirjL*,  notiij  could  be  cnrriotl  on  ij|»on  so 
\ikv^^  a  sc&Jt^  as  wa^  con  fern  phi  tL««K  and  It 
wais  found  lit'Cies^Ary  to  iurik«>  a  U'tfijM^rft* 
ry  f-oniproraiii^,  by  an  c<]nal  division  of 
tbt*  incMinre  lietwi^en  the  jicUve  ojR*r»tions 
and  the  iihrary  and  innseum.  It  ij*  in 
cijnti^nipliitioii  t*o  far  to  niodify  tbm  ar- 

ran--^ \   ■'-  +-  »-  ■■ror   more  ju.st  and 

1  i  1 1 1  r  thft  mo  tv  lu:  ti  vo 

HU'l  i..  :..'.   ......_  ■.•  .lif  kTjintvlL'd|:V* 

Not  content  wiib  th*.  in  the 

lawh  cisubhfihin^  tbt*    I  !i,  r*jti- 

grL%:!.  bA-s  thrown  upon  it  iiimicti!*^  which 
it  i?i  a^  ek'ftrly  tlic  duty  of^ivcrmncnt  to 
provide  for,  an  are  any  of  their  recogni*«4 
Liabilities.  Of  this  nature^  u  lh<?  law 
requiring  it  to  n^cttve^  kccR  and  wake  ik 
regis.! ry  of  (but  not  to  use)  all  the  cony* 
rightt-^d  pyUlicAtions  of  this  country,  VV> 
shall  not  atop  to  iniiuiru  wbollier  com- 
piety  ctil!ecti*>n8  of  all  the  cf>py'ri]^hiod 

EnblicationM  of  each  jear^  i&suctl  in  the 
United  States^  it  of  sufllciont  vaIuc  or 
interest,  prc^nl  or  pro?;[x'ctivt\  to  war- 
rant the  eipein?e  incurred  by  it;  for  that 
has  Bothiii-;  to  do  with  «jur  present  pur- 
pOK'.  It  i^  unoug!^  for  us  that  it  ia  totally 
foreign  front  the  purnoiiQ  deaigncd  by 
Smithj^n^  and  clearly  belongs,  i?  it  bt»  a 
dnly^  to  any,  to  tbut  bratich  of  i!i© 
government  ^vbich  hii&  cb&i^g^  of  the 
Pat*  lit  uriice,  Conj?rc(*«  is  botind  in 
houor,  and  i^ood  faiti^  to  recall  a  f^ift 
which  ia  felt  to  be  a  burden,  and  not  m 
fiivor. 

The  true  ntiidon  of  the  ^^       '        -vfi 
Institution  is  to  ineroAM;  kiiM  d 

lo  difi'u!^e  that  increase  ^<niu  \i  i^e. 
This  ii  all  iu  founder  kft  it  to  do.  His 
bequest  einnot  with  honor  bt<  diverted  to 
other  purpotie^,  be  they  evir  *o  dcHtmble, 
How  noble  a  mission  this  is,  bow  rit'h 
and  bow  fruitful  'n^  ihx"  Ikld  iM^fore  it»  hag 
Ijccn  ftbundantJy  t^liown  t'vt'u  with  its 
crinpletl  tbaneeHj  itj*  n^slncted  inewui, 
aud  tbodidonler«lncideut  \^  n  ctimmenci- 
inent,  and  even  with  the  btirdena  thrown 
upcrti  it  during  its  licvc^n  year^^  ej^i.vtf'ne©. 
Dttnng  tliMt  tttnc,  \U  aiii^iduou^s  and  faith- 
ful m»ct«tary.  auuit. lively  nw>ik<.^  t*i  the 
intention  of  ita  founder^  and  i'  of 

hU   liciinoat  baa  at  ka^t  *1'  I 

bow  .      ■    ,.     '     ■  -! 

mt  < 

bcuii>'iJ    'M     lii-ij      I  ik"v jrh 

more  TU^i^ht  In*  d  h^  fiiU^  on- 

diaturbc^^i  uj<m^  of  li..  ,.  -  ..  lund,  for  the 
purpoacft  Co  which  it  wa*  deaigned  ami  r»- 


stHf^trd  T)T  its  ftmfiibr.  At  the  same 
time  other  rofeiiUs  hiive  been  niidteqiiaUf 
clear  by  tJie  i/xperierjee  of  the  Mi«titTj» 
tion  and  ciill  f-ir  the  iQier?cntkm  atirt  aid 
of  Cimgreesi?,  These  not  oniy  ^hftw  that 
this  Institution  is  not  able  to  pnivUle  for 
«IE  the  departriKfiits  asprii^ned  to  it,  witli- 
out  a  pcrvoi^ion  of  its  fundf,  and  nn 
Sihwrn  of  its  roiuidci'-sconSdene<?»hntalso 
make  manifest  how  fjKStrabie  and  impor- 
t*nt  it  i^^  thMt  onr  ifovemment  should 
make  wuiiahle  provision  to  meet,  in  a 
libcril  spirit^  and  one  worthy  of  a  jrr<*ftt 
nation,  poasfessed  of  an  overHowin^ 
treasury,  the  vrartts  it  has  it-^lf  called 
Ibf^L  Let  ae  have  a  g^reat  national 
lihrary  at  Washhi^on,  wortliy  im  edu- 
cated and  enhglitened  nation.  Wu  care 
not  on  how  mugntticent  b,  soih  it  may  be 
founded,  only  let  us  pay  for  it  out  of  our 
c^wn  trcfastiry.  Let  ua  certainly  not  per- 
vert for  it  the  bounty  of  a  atmn^l^  who 
troi^ttid  it  tjj  UH  for  n  different  purpose. 
Let  us  have,  too,  our  ntitbnal  jmllcry 
of  fine  arts ;  if  von  will  our  public  lec- 
tures, toQ,  at  \Vasliington  ;  above  &]\ 
let  ue  have  a  great  national  museum. 
We  already  luivo  a  magnitieent  com- 
mencement in  the  proceedii  of  the  grtJiit 
exploring  eacpcdition  under  Captain 
Wdkci?,  covering  every  department  of 
nature.  We  have  yet  others  m  store 
from  the  several  expeditions  to  the  Aix-tic 
region,  to  Japan,  and  the  North  Pacific,, 
besides  others  on  land,  in  explorationB  of 
mir  unsettled  territorieB.  Having  j^one 
thus  far^  our  government  cannot,  ^ith 
credit^  cannot  with  due  regard  to  the  best 
mterests  of  the  country,  now  draw  back* 
We  must  J  however,  provide  the  mean^. 
We  aj%  abundantly  able  to  do  this. 
To  a  greatj  prosperons^  and  wealthy 
nation,  the  cost  involved  would  be  a  mere 
bagatelle. 

Let  us  meet^  then,  these  gelf  imposed 
duties,  in  a  manner  bL^eonunj^  the  nine- 
teenth century,  and  an  honorable  nation. 
Let  us  recaii  iWim  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tion  all  liiD  burdL*nii  otir  government  has 
imposed  uixin  it,  tlmt  are  inconsistent 
witli  Jts  legitimate  mission,  the  increase 
of  knowledf^j  leading  to  it  only  those 
things  >rhJcli  have  proved  to  be  kindrwl 
to  iti^  di'si^  or  dL*,^iralde  to  it  im  auIjk 
l4*t  Conprre*^s,  in  a  word,  fuund,  or  rather 
we  should  ^  J  '  for  it  wu?^  alretidy 

founded,  a  >  ^nat   Institntfon,  at 

"\V  :  '  '  I  from  the 

£?!-  the  px- 

pt:,t]M\s,   inr    ciin.^.  ujiu    tri--    [umiL-llJi  of  ih.© 

details.  ButheiLnnly  uuder  its  control  to 
permet  it  to  derivL^  from  it  all  th^*  aid  and 
oo-opemtion  llwit  may  be  rer|uin'd.     U  is 


obvious  that  it  muKt  soan  do  ^nmethlnj^ 
ol  tliis  kind  in  order  to  provide  proper 
protection  for  the  extensive  cr>Ilection.t  it 
httf4  made,  and  the  yd  mon;  eJiten^ive 
on«?^  it  m  itill  makinpf.  We  could  d(>  no- 
tiling  that  wouid  better  meet  the  wisbes 
and  want»  of  tlje  Anicricnn  peo|>lp^  or 
more  eialt  us  as  a  narioo  in  tliu  eyes  of 
the  world  of  science.  Conwresi*  huA  im* 
pos«!  upon  thcj  SmithPoniBn  Institution 
an  exiJensive  and  costly  bniMTn;;;.  involv* 
ing  ftfi  outlay  six  tmie»  m  hirjfO  nn  would 
ix*  required  for  one  limited  to  ks  wantA, 
hs>  lirst  movement  j^hould  be  to  take  this 
buiJding  olf  its  hands  and  appio|jriiite  it 
to  its  owiF  nation;iI  (X>] lection k  mvl  refiaiid 
the  cost  to  the  Smithsonian  luMiifoiron  for 
the  purpofscs  asKigoL^tl  to  it  by  Mr.  Ktiiilh- 
mn.  Thus  reheve<i  of  it^  bnidens,  and 
the  uncongenial  tasks  a*^i^ned  to  this  In- 
stitution, It  would  be  enabled  to  enter 
ujMjn  a  sphere  of  usefulness  com  mrnsurate 
witVi  the  witihes  and  bounty  of  it^  founder. 
It  could  still  retain  a  tibrury  guited  to  ita 
own  wantUi  without  ^mcnrrinir  any  ^reat 
espensej  for  its  exchanges  with  lincntific 
societieSj  at  home  and  abroadn  are  now 
giving  to  it  a  ycry  larpe  proportion  of  the 
pubhca lions  chiefly,  required.  It  might, 
wUh  advantage,  retain  a  museuni  of  natii* 
ral  history  sufficuMit  to  vanfy  m  ewn 
publications,  and  to  ei  hi  bit  typical^  rare  or 
new  genera  and  species,  or  even  a  com- 
plete series  of  North  Amurican  objects. 
It  nnght  even,  with  advantage,  ruiain  the 
general  direct!  in  of  the  national  colleo- 
tions,  the  difitiibntion  of  the  dujilieatcf^  to 
the  leai'Aed  societies  of  the  world,  and  I  be 
custody  of  such  articles  as  ujiglit  l>e  de- 
ffirahle  for  its  own  pnr[>tiso??  anil  for  study. 
Thus  aided  by  |»overniucnL  instead,  a-^ 
now  J  of  being  burdened  by  nneongenial 
tasks,  the  Smithsonian  rnstitution  would 
become  all  the  must  aj-dent  wisijes  of  Jts 
illustrious  founder  cuuld  have  destredj 
confer  great  pmctical  benetits  upon  man- 
kind, and  achieve  a  noble  pjMUon  b&» 
fore  the  world  of  science,  Tiie  great 
value  of  thi.i  lusUlution  in  the  eyes  of  Ihii 
world  of  science  is  that,  in  Hh  l>'fr]  innate 
niisstoUt  it  di^cliarge^  duties  vi  htch  but 
for  ii^  aid  might  never  he  done  by  any 
one.  The  history  of  ntmrly  ^.^%xry  gr^at 
discovery  shows  that  he  who  adds  new 
and  iiufKjrtiinttrnUiH  to  the  jirovfuu-*  stock 
of  kmnv'k'dge,  is  so  tar  in  advAnee  of  his 
age,  thJil  their  productions  cannot  be  given 
to  the   worlds   without    per  Vr^ 

whtch  not  every  one  is  abie  ■  lo 

incur.     It  is  not  evury  one  i  '.e 

fortune    of   a    iiowditch   v  to 

publish  liii*  discoveries^  and  .-.-  ..;^jr4. 
Yet  Without  it  even  hi^  great  wi»rk  <mmi14 


%  iiian    InAtrtiitioTi,   to 

f  ndvjihrK  uf  science 

ir     i   1  jfihtit  U^   i***>kt*I  ftjr   from   any 

iJnr  ^1  iT'f*.  Tl  i<i  n  h^^ti  tifnj  lioly  rtji?<* 

fnoB]  II  \i^  pro- 

n  witl  not 

I'  i  lo   tUo 

ifjr  j:  L  the  tie- 

Viilirr  rutiirc^  ^*Sci- 

fort^  V  v.-Ei.  in   lil    ihttt 

r  In 

ti^  :  :     .  )i  to 

la^s  ly,  timt  while 

CM^  than  i*ir<;r  lie- 
1^  lUTua^  ^tiong  U}«  mMtt  of  his  wun- 


tr^'fivf  11^  w  littlo  are  the*  litKTier  ohjec'is— 
the  tnie  phH*»^>pliy^-*^f  (w.^H^nfti  i'siwrnod 
or  cnltjvjitt'd^  that  di*ctiviric*  of  th«  jimi 
order  H'hich  npr*n  n  nr^vr  and  unt?3tfi«!ted 
field  for   the  '   -rtnnt   pvneraliJWi- 

iKjnjq^  ''  hiitt  ]  1  111  %\w  ^thno^t  in 

their  hinh,''  itltLjaij^ij  Llicy  had  htvn  be- 
gfisi  by  Ills  o\rn  4K>untrytnen.  A  n?profteh 
lilie  th^?t  enn  neifor  b*?   i  ■  ]ist 

our  own  i'uuntry»  so  Ion  jj- 

rjimi  In^ititution  hhrtll  he  jm  r  nutir  j  i^  lnU 
til  the  mifiortiitit  diUic-s^  und  to  disehjirgo 
ttie  hi'^li  iMH?tion  iti*  illuslrious  loiincjer 
luisjpmil  it.  with  a  f^r-i^v'^hirti  uis^bm 
whJeh  shttil  fL>r  ever  conijwt  hi^  UMne 
wilh  the  advanee  of  sciei>c«  in  Anjenca, 
<jr  Kc»  toii|^  as  It  shall  eoniinuo  io  aid  in 
the  inrrcHso  of  kiKnvledgv  «>r  t*»  \trO' 
mole  thv  diiiasion  ^f  thai  iDcreiMie  anjorrg 
men* 


THE    LI  OH  IN  I  NO- HUD    MAN, 


;rr,..^.jn,  *K,i.^.i,x^  ''^'"I'l^bt 

red 

ihy 

.of 

.i%e  ^ 

:»t.»uit**,  Oil  ill/   low  j»hif>- 

j'po«^,  thoti^h,  tbiit  th« 

^.  Eitid  dnini  up 

r  TT*^>i\>  irloriOfiH 

I  u,     I  lurk  ! — ^omc 

■  14  thb  ihat  chooses 

I  ti>i<;  the 

t  doleful 

'  aj^ittst 

,      ,  ...  ,  .  ...  ,1  m.     Ah* 

"  fj<M>*1  durj  gtf !  "  an 

►rill, 


*  YoQ   iro   Wii.     Stand   hen)   on    the 
.lood  m  th«  eiacl 

mrjae  «i  ui»?  <7.niJic^j  whiTU  hi»  bad   lir»*t 

iteiai  bmmmXt  Wk  mipiUn  iy  i  r  n  pi  IM 
1  dtorr  •ftutjoy.  A  lean,  £f loorny  %uro. 
Wii  dtrk  and  Uiik,  tiiaiu>J]y  .^tri'tiktMl 

bi.    f.r.r.T         t1;^-    vr.uAi't/N.tnillH    uf 

Aud 

,rhl- 

wilbout  uie   bo  it     Tb« 


Wlui  u  that 


^tkr 


w\v^^"  *' '^*?-  .ir;-,T.;..^      lie  g|o^  j„  ^ 

pni  door;  his  .Urmvijo 

null...        ..     .  .,.   ..y    re.4tnig  at   his 

gidc. 

It  WA4  a  ftohshcd  <?oppor  rod,  four  feet 
!o|1^^  }eii|^Uthiirij«e  attached  to  a  neat 
wmi^kn  stall',  by  insertioti  mto  tro  balls 
of  gn?cr»i>-h  phi>*.  niijs^'d  W'lth  copper 
bundit.  The  metal  rod  tern  tin  aie<l  ni  the 
top  Injwdwtse^in  thri>e  keen  tines,  bright* 
ly  gdi.  He  held  the  thtug  by  the  wooden 
[mri  alon«. 

*^  Sir/'  said  r,  bowing  politely^  *'  ha^  I 
the  hinror  <jf  a  viHit  fiotn  tlmt  illiLiitrioad 
l^-od,  J  iijiHcr  TonariH  ?  8o  Htotwl  h^  in 
the  (iioi'k  statue  of  old,  ^^'•fiiu^  the 
bghtnmg-bolt*  if  you  \w  he,  or  hi^  vice- 
roy, I  Imve  to  thsnk  ytm  tnr  thi^  noble 
utAinn  you  havo  brewed  mnong  our 
inountnTn.'j.  Lijctfn:  That  vrajs  a  gtoriou^ 
prah  Ah,  to  a  lover  of  the  tiictjeaic,  it  m 
fi  j^ixnI  thiu;^  to  havu  the  Thtiuderer  Uiai- 
jtelr'in  onit^fi  cottage.  The  Unmder  grt>wa 
finer  for  that  But  prny  lie  «c4to{J,  This 
oid  rUNh*lj*>tt<itned  arm-rhiLir,  I  j^rant,  h 
a  jj.>i>r  suh.^tit*iti?  for  >uiir  evergrven 
tlirone  on  old  (irojlock  j  but,  ix»udui*co«d 
to  Ue  seatthl/' 

While  1  thtii#  pleiJi.«<antly  (cpoke,  the 
jfttrimgcT  nyed  ine,  IiaN  m  winvhr  and 
half  m  a  Ktrango  Miirt  of  honor ;  but  did 
not  move  A  foot, 

**  lH\.   vir     hr<    M'Htid:    viiu    oe^  tO   bv 

dried  arr 

I  r>hiii  ^^giy  on  tha 

liroaa  huiirUt,  wher«  a  biiiu  lin*  hwi 


132 


The  Lightfdng-Rod  Man. 


[Aug. 


kindled  that  afternoon  to  dissipate  the 
dampness,  not  the  cold ;  for  it  was  early 
in  the  month  of  Septemtjer. 

But  without  hecdmg  my  solicitation, 
and  still  standing  in  the  middle  of  the 
floor,  the  stranger  gazed  at  me  porten- 
tously and  spoke. 

*'  Sir,"  said  he,  **  excuse  me.  but  instead 
of  my  accepting  your  invitation  to  be 
seated  on  the  hearth  there,  I  solemnly 
warn  yon.  that  you  had  best  acce[)t  miiie^ 
and  stana  with  me  in  the  middle  of  the 
room.  Good  heavens  1 "  he  cried,  start- 
ing— "there's  another  of  those  awful 
crashes.  I  warn  you,  sir,  quit  the 
hearth.'' 

*•  Mr.  Jupiter  Tonans,'-  said  I,  quietly 
rolling  my  body  on  the  stone,  ''  I  stand 
very  well  here." 

*'  Are  you  so  horridly  ignorant,  then," 
he  cried,  "  as  not  to  know,  that  by  far 
the  most  dangerous  part  ot  a  house  during 
such  a  territic  tcm|)est  as  this,  is  the  fire- 
place i " 

••  Nay,  I  did  not  know  that,"  involun- 
tarily stepping  upon  the  first  board  next 
to  the  stone. 

The  stranger  now  assumed  such  an  un- 
pleasant air  of  successful  admonition, 
that — quite  involuntarily  again — I  step- 
ped back  upon  the  hearth,  and  threw  my- 
self into  the  erectest,  proudest  posture  I 
could  command.     But  I  said  nothing. 

*'  For  Heaven's  sake,"  he  cried,  with  a 
strange  mixture  of  alarm  and  intimida- 
tion— '•  for  Heaven's  sake,  get  otf  of  the 
hearth  !  Know  you  not,  that  the  heated 
air  and  soot  are  conductors ; — to  say  no- 
thing of  those  immense  iron  fire-dogs? 
Quit  the  spot, — I  conjure, — I  command 
you." 

''  Mr.  Jupiter  Tonans,  I  am  not  accus- 
tomed to  bo  commanded  in  my  own 
house." 

"Call  me  not  by  that  pagan  name. 
You  are  profane  in  this  time  of  terror." 

*'  Sir,  will  you  be  so  good  as  to  tell  me 
your  business  ?  If  you  seek  shelter  from 
the  storm,  you  are  welcome,  so  long  as 
you  be  civil ;  but  if  you  come  on  busi- 
ness, open  it  forthwith.   Who  are  you  ?  " 

*'  I  am  a  dealer  in  lightning-rods,"  said 
the  stranger,  softening  his  tone ;  "  my 

special  business   is Merciful 

heaven  !  what  a  crash ! — Have  you  ever 
been  struck — ^}'our  premises,  1  mean  ? 
No '?  It's  best  to  be  provided  ; " — signifi- 
cantly rattling  his  metallic  staff  on  the 
floor ; — "  by  nature,  there  arc  no  castles 
in  thunder-storms;  yet,  say  but  the  word, 
and  of  this  cottage  1  can  make  a  Gibral- 
tar by  a  few  wav«s  of  this  wand.  Hark, 
what  HiinmaUyas  of  concussions  \ " 


" You  interrupted  yourself;  3'our  spe- 
cial business  you  were  about  to  speak  of." 

*•  How  very  dull  you  are.  My  special 
business  is  to  travel  the  country  for  orders 
for  lightning-rods.  This  is  my  sptcimen- 
rod ;  "  tapping  his  staff;  **I  have  the  best 
of  references  " — fumbling  in  his  pockets. 
''  In  Criggan  last  month,  I  put  up  three- 
and-twenty  rods  on  only  five  buildings." 

'*  Let  me  se:*.  Was  it  not  at  Criggan 
last  week,  about  midnight  on  Satuitlay, 
that  the  steeple,  the  big  elm  and  the  As- 
sembly-room cupola  were  struck  ?  Any 
of  your  rods  there  ?  " 

*'  Not  on  the  tree  and  cupola,  but  the 
steeple." 

"Of  what  use  is  your  rod  then ? " 

''  Of  life-aud-death  use.  But  my  work- 
man was  heedless,  in  fitting  tlio  rod  at 
top  to  the  steeple,  he  allowed  a  part  of  the 
metal  to  graze  the  tin  sheeting.  Hence 
the  accident.  Not  my  fault,  but  his. 
Hark!" 

''  Nev^r  mind.  That  clap  burst  quite 
loud  enough  to  be  heard  without  finger- 
pointing.  Did  you  hear  of  the  event  at 
Montreal  liust  year  ?  A  servant  girl 
struck  at  her  bed-side  with  a  rosary  in 
her  hand  ;  the  beads  being  metal.  JJoes 
your  beat  extend  into  the  Canadas  ?  " 

"  No.  And  I  hear  that  there,  iron  rods 
only  are  in  use.  They  should  have  mtm;, 
which  are  copper.  Iron  is  easily  fused. 
Then  they  draw  out  the  rod  so  slender, 
that  it  has  n(Tfi  'body  enough  to  conduct 
the  full  electric  current.  The  metal 
melts;  the  building  is  destroyed,  lly 
copper  rods  never  act  so.  Those  Cana- 
dians are  fools.  Some  of  them  knob  thu 
rod  at  the  top,  which  risks  a  deadly  ex- 
plosion, instead  of  imperceptibly  carrying 
down  the  current  into  the  earth,  as  this 
sort  of  rod  does.  Mine  is  the  only  true 
rod.  Look  at  it.  Only  one  dollar  a 
foot." 

'•This  abuse  of  your  own  calling  in 
another  might  make  one  distrustful  with 
respect  to  yourself." 

''  Hark  I  The  thunder  becomes  less 
muttering.  It  is  nearing  us,  and  nearing 
the  earth,  too.  Hark  I  One  crammed 
crash  I  All  the  vibrations  made  one  by 
nearness.     Another  flash.     Hold  ! " 

''  What  do  you  ? ''  I  said,  seeing  him 
now,  instantaneously  relinquishing  his 
staff,  lean  intently  forward  towards  the 
window,  with  his  right  fore  and  middle 
fingers  on  his  left  wrist. 

But  ere  the  words  had  well  escaped 
me,  another  exclamation  escaped  him. 

"*  Crash !  only  three  puliK» — less  than 
a  third  of  a  mile  off— yonder,  somewhere 
in  thai  wood.    I  passed  three  stricken 


I%$  Li^hinin^'M&i  J/on^ 


Tow  ' 


'  new  iiTid  f^littcrtiig. 

!ijf  moiT  than  aUier 

luou  in  itH  sup. 


J  (PHI    tlie    pe^itliftT 
upan  lui?.  I  Hijp|*fj>;i'  you 

n  V  w fi*lhy r  f* It  y  0 1*  r 

thiui*1cr  is  roarhijSi 

rdeooi  it  _..  . —   jjwulmrly  favornble 
lirododng  kii]|iroa«ton»  fj{vorabk«   Co 

r  ^tvf  wl»fj  would  ■rm  othCTs  with 
yoii    N€ciu     uTib<?N?emnigly 
t  ^marw^lt    Cmnnwti  men  chooso 
ikir  w«»thrr  for  iH^ir  tmreU :  you  cbcoso 

ifcandrr^ftl^rnm :  ui/]  yot — " 

*  Th*l  I  ■       lorm*,  I 

A9i»t^  bat  i  prccau- 

tJOQa,  <«lich    »■    may     44    1  i^ri  ui  i!ij_'-ro<|  tll*Ti 

«i^  knaw,  lUrk  !  QuKk— look  at  rtiy 
ifadoKO  rwl.     Only  oii«  ^IuIIht  a  foot.^* 

"  A   irw   dm  rod,  I  d*ro   Kay.     It* it 
vtel  ■!«  Clicfli!  po^iieulur  (fnccnution^  of 
1 7     Vfft  llntt  hi  iii«  clothe  yondi^r 
1;    tlio    (ilantm:^   rain  is    bvatiif^ 

*'  Are  jfoti  m«j  1     Kimw  you  not  thftt 
fin  troQ  Imt  ii  m  Jtvlfl  ooDiiu<*tor  7     ]>(.'- 

•^1  "  '  cloe©  Iha  shutter*  then, 

ifldcR  fo  bmig  mc  a  wi^tlifit 

\m.     \  '     bell^pull  then?.'* 

-Ai  I      Thit   bull- wire 

oujflit  kMi.^1  T<Mi  .^urer  touoh  beli^wiriQ 
ii  •  tbmdtrWtonaB,  oar  ring  •  bet!  of  ad j 

^Kor  ihoeie  in   bcirrtw?     Pmy,  will 

I  tell  IBB     whf'Tf    aliiJ   ht.iv     ciix     tTi:iV    Uj 

Mir  in  m  Um«^  1 1  r^tiy 

ri?;  Iitit  tiot  wbvre  you  now 
MamL  '  Mu  uuL^  imm  tltQ  wftlL  The 
atTfni  ^^1  .  !Jti  .ru  A  rnQ  down  a  wall| 

Hrf      ■  SA^li  1"    H-'    1  '-  I  J'  r  <:f>(i(JUClor  ihttU 

ftmU — itwi  ill  i  r.i  ifi'  wall  and  nin 
Mi  lli«*  2!i«iM)jj  t  I'/uU  nitijut  have 
Mkm  vcfj  tugfi.     That  mu^t  have  been 

''Vvry  firobably.    Tf*U   tu«   at  oncv^ 
^ '  '  I  H^  in  your  opiuiot^  tlic  safust  iiart 

raooft^  aotl  Uiin  oiid  ipot  tu  it 
liUnO.    CaiQ<»  MUicr/' 

aller  tho  dub  tb«  gtiAt — tJio 
.T — Uk  liuuai^  tii«  houtfo  I — 

►  rpaimiA,  if  you  |tloi«c*** 

^niii,  I  think  I  will  liy 
«i;  ^A'l  *iAii'i,  -ib«  hiartlL    And  t»w 


Mr.  LishtniTis-rocJ-fiiAJi,  in  tho  p«iir.r»  of 
tb*3  tbuiidi^r.  be  .^o  ^oq<5  a^  to  tell  trir  your 
Tcii#ion«  lor  esUitMmnjf  Ihjaone  fiHiin  of  the 
hoiit*!  the  saftrst,  and  jotir  own  f^uv  *it»fid- 
ptihit  tbere  liio  ji^fuist  spot  in  iL" 

Tin' re  ^iis  now  a  liltlc  crrss^ation  of  the 
Btoim  far  a  while.  Tlie  Lr^'htnmg-rofl 
man  siM?nji?d  relieved,  and  rep  bed  ^— 

''  Your  hou«?  in  a  one-storied  houjyj, 
with  nn  &Ub  and  a  Lxdlar;  this  ri>oin  is 
between*  Huneu  »U  cornparaiive  sivfuty* 
Bt^otitue  Itghtninjj  somelimeH  passc!*  from 
#he  cloodii  to  \he  earth,  utid  BomtHimes 
fl-om  the  «arth  to  ih©  douds,  Oo  you 
comprehend  ?^-and  I  choose  On^  n*iddle 
of  the  room,  k-cause,  if  the  lijjhtninf 
fihoulil  titnke  the  hou2<«  at  all^  it  would 
come  down  ilic  chtmncy  or  wiiILh  ;  N>,  oh- 
Tioosly,  the  further  yon  arc  from  them, 
tht*  lH?ttt'r.     Comi;  hither  to  inc,  now." 

'VP  res*D  t  ly  *  Hoiii tH  h ing  y  0  u  j  u  Kt  said  J 
inHtead  of  alarming  lue^  bus  stningvly  in- 
siptrL^l  eoiilidence. 

'*  Wbitt  huve  i  sttid?" 

**  Yon  mn\  that  Bometiines  lightning 
flashcH  fiijm  tho  earth  io  the  cIoikK*' 

**  Ayi*.  tho  returning -stroke,  ii»  it  m 
calk'd  i  wb(?n  ihe  oarthj  U-ing  overcharged 
Mith  tho  fluid,  fiaabei  ltd  suppjii^  up- 
ward,'* 

"  The  returninj^-strok©  j  that  ^  from 
earth  to  sky,  lieltcr  and  lictter.  But 
ooni<3  hero  on  the  hearth  and  dry  your^ 

"  I  am  better  here,  and  bettor  wet'* 
-How  7" 

"It  is  the  fsafL'i^t  thing  you  csm  do — 
Hnrk,  a^iri  !^ — to  p?t  youraeir  lhi*rou^hly 
drenche«i  in  a  thundtr-Hrorui.  Wt^t  c^^lhe* 
are  lietlcr  conductors  than  the  btKjy  ;  aii4 
3o^  if  the  lightning  stnkt*^  it  mi^ht  pm^ 
dvwn  thtj  wut  eiothCH  without  tuudung 
the  lit>dy*  The  htorm  denpnH  a^ain. 
II arc  you  a  rug  in  tho  hon^  ?  UugA  are 
tion-eouductorii.  Get  une,  that  I  may 
HUud  an  it  hure.  and  you  tuo,  llm  Mi^ 
blacken— it  \s  dunk  at  iKxni.  Ikrk  I — 
tlie  rug,  tho  rug  I  " 

I  gave  hitn  one;  while  tho  boodod 
luoutiiattui  a«fwed  closing  and  tumbling 
into  the  qottafo, 

^  And  now^  wine©  onr  being  dumb  will 
not  help  U!s'^  ^d  t^  rciiuuMu^  my  plai^, 
*'Jt'r  n..-  lunr  v-iiir  pretrautionj*  Hi  tiovi-l* 
litij  r -Ktortii!*/ * 

Hit  u  p^n^'iV^ 

"*  Nny^  procxHHi  with  tho  prtrfaiitionw. 
You  Alund  m  the  mhnki  |io.^ibW  placu  ac- 
oordiug  to  ytpur  own  K.'ci^unt^     Uo  tmJ* 

•*  Ihany  thrft  I  nvoid  nii]«*tr«eii|  b%tt 
hoi  I  upland    p4J»turt*n^ 

ruii  .  i!«ttl(j  luid  j^ict'Pp 

«  cru Ad  of  tuciu    II I  tiHYvl  on  loot,- 


MIM^ 


«i 


184 


The  lAghtning-Rod  Man, 


[Aug. 


to-day — 1  do  not  walk  fast ;  if  in  my 
bu^iry,  I  touch  not  itH  back  or  sides ;  if 
on  horsebiick,  I  dismount  and  lead  the 
horse.  But  of  all  things,  I  avoid  tall 
men.'* 

'*  Do  I  dream  ?  Man  avoid  man  ?  and 
in  danjrer-time  too?" 

'*  Tall  men  in  a  thunder-storm  I  avoid. 
Are  you  so  grossly  ignorant  as  not  to 
know,  that  the  height  of  a  six-footer  is 
EufTicicnt  to  discharge  an  electric  cloud 
upon  him  ?  Are  not  lonely  Kentuckians, 
ploughing,  smit  in  the  unfinished  fuiTOW.? 
Nay,  if  the  six-footer  stand  by  running 
water,  the  cloud  will  sometimes  select 
him  as  its  conducter  to  that  running 
water.  Ilark  I  Sure,  yon  black  pinna- 
cle is  split.  Yes.  a  man  is  a  good  con- 
ducnor.  The  lightning  goes  through  and 
through  a  man,  but  only  peels  a  tree. 
But  sir,  you  have  kept  me  so  long  an- 
swering your  questions,  that  I  have  not 
yet  come  to  business.  Will  you  order 
one  of  my  rods  ?  Look  at  this  specimen 
one?  See:  it  is  of  Uie  best  of  copix?r. 
Copper  's  the  licst  conductor.  Your 
house  is  low ;  but  being  upon  the  moun- 
tains, that  lowness  does  not  one  whit  de- 
press it.  You  mountaineers  are  most  ex- 
posed. In  mountainous  countries  the 
lightning-rod  n)an  should  have  most  busi' 
ness.  Ljok  at  the  specimen,  sir.  One 
ro<l  will  answer  for  a  house  so  small  as 
thi'^.  lA>ok  over  these  recommendations. 
Only  one  rod,  sir ;  cost,  only  twenty  dol- 
lars. Hark  !  There  go  all  the  granite 
Taconics  and  Hoosics  dashed  together 
like  i»ebbles.  By  the  sound,  that  must 
have  struck  something.  An  elevation  of 
live  feet  above  the  liouse,  will  protect 
twenty  feet  radius  all  about  the  rod. 
Only  twenty  dollars,  sir — a  dollar  a  foot 
Ihirk  !— Dreadful  I — Will  you  order  ? 
Will  you  buy  ?  Shall  I  put  down  your 
iiuuie  ?     Think  of  being  a  heap  of  charred 


ofTal.  like  a  haltered  horse  burnt  in  his 
stall ; — and  all  in  one  flash  ! " 

'•  You  pretended  envoy  extraordinary 
and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  and  from 
Jupiter  Tonans,"  laugheil  I ;  *you  mere 
man  who  come  here  to  put  you  and  your 
pipestem  between  clay  and  sky.  do  you 
think  that  because  you  can  strike  a  bit 
of  green  light  from  the  Leyden  jar,  that 
you  can  thoroughly  avert  tlte  supernal 
bolt?  Your  rod  rusts,  or  breaks,  and 
where  are  you?  AYho  has  empowered 
you.  you  Tetzel,  to  peddle  round  your  in- 
dulgences from  divine  ordinations  ?  The 
hairs  of  our  heads  are  numbered,  and  tlie 
da^s  of  our  lives.  In  thunder  as  in  sun- 
shme,  I  stand  at  ease  in  the  hands  of  my 
God.  False  negotiator,  away !  See.  th6 
scroll  of  the  storm  is  rolled  back ;  the 
house  is  unharmed;  and  in  the  blue 
heavens  I  read  in  the  rainbow,  that  the 
Deity  will  not,  of  parposo,  make  war  on 
manVs  earth." 

*'  Impious  UTetch ! "  foamed  the  stran- 
ger, blackening  in  the  face  as  the  rainbow 
beamed,  ^^  I  will  publish  your  infidel  no- 
tions." 

'^  Begone  !  move  quickly !  if  quickly 
3'ou  can,  you  that  shine  forth  into  sight 
in  moist  tunes  like  the  worm." 

The  scowl  grew  blacker  on  his  face; 
the  indigocircles  enlarged  round  his  eyes 
as  the  storm  rings  round  the  midnight 
moon.  He  sprang  upon  me;  his  tri- 
forked  thing  at  my  heart. 

I  seized  it ;  I  snapped  it ;  I  dashed  it ; 
I  trod  it ;  and  dragging  the  dark  light- 
ning-king out  of  my  door,  flung  his  el- 
bowed, copper  sceptre  after  him. 

But  spite  of  my  treatment,  and  spite 
of  my  dissuasive  talk  of  him  to  my 
neighbors,  the  Lightning-rod  man  stiU 
dwells  in  the  land  ;  still  travels  in  storm- 
time,  and  diivcs  a  brave  trade  with  the 
fears  of  man. 


LI 


195 


laSiLRL  POTTEB;    OR,    PIPTT   YEARS    QF    EXILE* 
A  9omTU  ef  jvir  stout. 


(OtoUqoim]  frttfu  ^tga  Ti) 


C04FrEB  IV. 


T  r*iphtfktl  tax  the  third  tiaj,  Israel  hifl 

Onn*   fpftr«i   hr  in  a 

T>n^  time  he  Ji.iiMi  > Mi.;,  and 

fcncmtr  httn*i!lf  down  procuirxl  ii  tolcmble 

bl  and  Miijr  Iw'  tf<M«  nNtshed, 

1  Ut<  i»!r*wiii^  uroiincf  I  of  rcar.hini*  \\m 

'  find 

SfeliilKc^  o  Ml  ill  Mrtt 

fffVli;  trtiT^  iirl  in  Ihc 

;  «rtiii:i    >ryiii   \v\    i\   lintisli  navy 
A    bcnfcaiati^H  Mitrt ;    ami  ihtmLh 

'     '      ^-'    " ■  '    ^  lii«*  blut' ctjliar 

i  rt  iroil  m  tho  pre- 

^ ..  ^  tKorouRhlj  con- 

At  Mij  mtf-  kpTiiIy  Qfi  the  Itiok- 

[  Ibf  iJ^**  1 1  r  rt  n  r  J '  1 1  r  i  i> '  1  *'  ocutc  \  ^ y  |i  0|:H?fl. 

■f  i^wmni  »  '  K'Tision,  "tht?  mjI- 

4itr»  *:'V  '.  *>frl  \n  an  iii- 

•I*  MiCT, 

L  of  himself,  bo  wii«  mude  ftriiKmer  on 

4|»t  arid  KOQti  iHi^r  found   ]»imi^tf 

~  '  and  Jock^l  ti|i  in  tim  l^und 

1 9t  ihm  |^a0»i  a  \mmtt  m  CAUcd.  ap- 

to  ninawa^TJit  tnd  thone  con* 

oC  tomor  offeno^ic.     Dny    p^nvl 

«  mnd  ftupp«r]«Mi  in  tbiii  diMmftl 

Kbd  at|^t  cttiiM  on, 

I  Ihaii  now  bera  tlintdjiTS  irithotit 

i'j_y»vt    unr   t«'o*npnnF  Wt     TJn^ 

1 1|*  r  

Ui  Ui  i'unttkrt  hiiii^     Taken  ^p- 

i|^  apm  ihe  very  brink  uf 

(IK  His  i:D«t^   poor   ijirntd  wiih  oii 

mw»  *if  fftlltnf  into  hi?tpi<M«  d^-iftfiir. 

ill-        ■■     ■                   ■:.  -  ■      ■  ^ 

if< 


Two  hftttrs  wirinic  «crr>««  I  lie  fsr^imp, 

of  I  he  window^  ridiM  him  of  hi*  Uand- 
cuftk  KcjclCDltlc  the  door,  sccnn'd  lijck- 
i \y  with  on I3' »  li»i  ^  '  ■  \  »ck .  I'hrn etr 
tnj:  tit©  1h>U  «pf  I  Eff^  through  a 

Mnall  window  m  the  <HH>r.  Uw  i^iinX'^dcd 
in  fomng  thtj  hnsp  nn4  i^i;a\nm^,  his 
hb^rty  nboyt  three  o^clock  in  iiw  mom- 


Kot  lonpj  Rftcr 
H  rent  ford,  sonio 

d. 


d  beiorf  him. 
vvwlit.    Upon 


fir?.t  cN?9ipin^r  Ironi  the  hulk,  si  at  En^iliKh 
pcT>ni«w  wA!*iill  the  inon«^v  hn  h»ib  "^Vith 
two  (*f  th<*se  hp  Kid  boujEbt  a  i^niall  )o*f 
the  diT  afttr  llecinj:  tlie  inr^.  The  other 
four  still  rt^mwned  in  hi*  [Mx^rkct,  nut  hnr* 
bjr  niet  witli  a  iji^l  fjp[K>rtuirity  to  di*- 
|K:i/ij>  of  tbcm  for  food. 

Hiivini^  torn  off  Iho  eollar  of  hm  ^birt| 
Ami  flung  it  into  11  hetlpe.  he  t-entured  tfi 
aoeost  B  re«pp<.**nbk^  CfiqH^nler  nt  5  |mle 
ftfiiWj  alKkiii  «  m*lc»  thiH  fiido  of  Krenlfor*!, 
to  whom  his  rleptf^mliTf  ^iliiution  now 
induct  him  to  jninU  {,,v  work,  Thr 
man  did  not  wislk  '  bm*,  htit  Kaid 

ttiat  if  he  (Israfri,  A  fjirminjr  or 

pjirdrninif.  hv  !ijtj:]it|MHiiipHprrxtin*  work 
from  Sir  John  Alilki,  wbfihe  M;alJ}*^  inAJd. 
T(i*»  not  n^tnote.  lie  ndrlrd  thftt  the 
knight  W&9  in  Iht^  hnbit  of  uii|ilojing 
man  J  men  at  that  .ftpnitonof  the  yi*W7  eo 
bo  «tDO<i  a  fair  cb«nri\ 

Rx^vived  A  little  by  this  i^f  r  rp- 

lief  brael  starlit  in  qoeM  ■  /la- 

man's  R-at,  agrcenbly  to  Uh'  rnnrtion 
r«a*tv«d.     Itnt  he  mi^^took  bin  «ny,  and 

proceeding  op  a  gravdU'd  on  '  ^ •^1|ly 

dvcor^cd  walkway  terrib  iri'g 

a  i;hmp«e  laf  ft  number  or  »i'  n^- 

mi^a^idaa*    Bt  made  an  '  "it 

br fore  liaJDiE^  aafaild  in  turn,  rtfa- 

turtj  of  the  Ampfican  wibk-niciNJi  eould 
have  lKt?n  more  }i&nk  wfritH;  !>v  a  fl  re- 


branch than  at  Ihi^  f  • 
wii¥s  by  a  rt^d  ff  in  1 ,     1 1  r 
th»trlii!iiKiiiii 
Tnkinif  fii 


tbf 


d    L<^ 


136 


Israel  Potter  ;   or,  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


[Aug 


sorts  of  domineering  qualities,  iRracl  felt 
no  little  mispving  in  approaching  to  an 
audience  with  so  imposing  a  stranger. 
But  screwing  up  his  com  age.  he  advanoed ; 
while  seeing  him  coming  all  mgs  and  tat- 
ters, the  group  of  gentlemen  stood  in  some 
wonder  awaiting  what  so  singular  a  phan- 
tom might  want. 

'•  Mr.  Millet,"  said  Israel,  bowing  to- 
wards the  bareheaded  gentleman. 

*•  Ila,— who  are  you.  pray  ?  " 

"  A  poor  fellow,  sir,  in  want  of  work." 

"  A  wardrobe  too,  I  should  ray,"  smiled 
one  of  the  guests,  of  a  very  youthful,  pros- 
perous, and  dandified  air. 

"  Where's  your  hoe?  "  said  Sir  John. 

'•  I  have  none,  sir.'' 

"  Any  money  to  buy  one  ?  " 

"  Only  four  English  pennies,  sir." 

^'*  English  pennies.  What  other  sort 
would  you  have  ?  " 

*•  Why  China  pennies  to  be  sure,"  langh- 
ed  the  youthful  gentleman.  *•  See  his  long, 
yellow  hair  behind ;  he  looks  like  a  China- 
man. Some  broken-down  Mandarin. 
Pity  he's  no  crown  to  his  old  hat ;  if  he 
had,  he  might  pass  it  round,  and  make 
eight  pennies  of  his  four." 

"  Will  you  hire  me,  Mr.  Millet?"  said 
Israel. 

"  Ha !  that's  queer  again,"  cried  the 
knight. 

'*  Hark  ye  fellow,"  said  a  brisk  servant, 
approaching  from  the  porch,  "  this  is  Sir 
John  Millet." 

Seeming  to  take  pity  on  his  seeming 
ignorancc,,as  well  as  on  his  undisputable 
poverty,  the  good  knight  now  told  Israel 
that  if  he  would  come  the  next  morning, 
he  would  see  him  supplied  with  a  hoe,  and 
moreover  would  hire  him. 

It  would  be  hard  to  express  the  satis- 
faction of  the  wanderer,  at  receiving  this 
encouraging  reply.  Emboldened  by  it,  he 
now  returns  towards  a  baker's  he  had 
spied,  and  bravely  marching  in,  flings 
down  all  four  pennies,  and  demands  bread. 
Thinking  he  would  not  have  any  more  food 
till  next  morning,  Israel  resolved  to  e«t 
only  one  of  the  pair  of  two-penny  loaves. 
But  having  demolished  one,  it  so  sharpen- 
ed his  longing,  that  pelding  to  the  irre- 
sistible temptation,  he  bolted  down  the 
second  loaf  to  keep  the  other  company. 

After  resting  under  a  hedge,  he  saw  the 
Sim  far  descended,  and  so  prepared  him- 
self for  another  hard  night.  Waiting  till 
dark,  he  crawled  into  an  old  carriage- 
house,  finding  nothing  there  but  a  disman- 
tled old  phaeton.  Into  this  he  climbed^ 
and  curlinc  himself  up  like  a  carriage-dog, 
endeavored  to  sleep.  But  unable  to  en- 
dure the  constraint  of  such  a  bed.  got  out, 


and  stretched  himself  on  the  bare  boards  of 
the  floor. 

No  sooner  was  light  in  the  cast,  than 
he  hastened  to  await  the  commands  of 
one,  who,  his  instinct  told  him,  was  des- 
tined to  prove  his  benefactor.  On  his 
father's  farm  accustomed  to  rise  with  the 
lark,  Israel  was  surpri.sed  to  discover  as 
he  approached  the  house,  that  no  soul  was 
astir.  It  was  four  o'clock.  For  a  con- 
siderable time  he  walked  back  and  forth 
before  the  portal,  ere  any  one  appeared. 
The  first  riser  was  a  man-servant  of  the 
household,  who  informed  Israel  that  seven 
o'clock  was  the  hour  the  people  went  to 
their  work.  Soon  afler,  he  met  an  hostler 
of  the  place,  who  gave  him  permission  to 
lie  on  some  straw  in  an  outhouse.  There 
he  enjoyed  a  sweet  sleep  till  awakened  at 
seven  o'clock,  by  the  sounds  of  activity 
around  him. 

Supplied  by  the  overseer  of  the  men 
with  a  large  iron  fork  and  a  hoe,  he  fol- 
lowed the  hands  into  the  fleld.  He  was 
so  weak,  he  could  hardly  support  his  tools. 
Unwilling  to  expose  his  debility,  he  yet 
could  not  succeed  in  concealing  it  .  At 
least  to  avoid  worse  imputations,  ho  con- 
fessed the  cause.  His  companions  regard- 
ed him  with  compassion,  and  exempted 
him  from  the  severer  toil. 

About  noon,  the  knight  visited  his  work- 
men. Noticing  that  Israel  made  little 
progress,  he  said  to  him,  that  though  he 
had  long  arms  and  broad  slioAlders,  yet 
ho  was  feigning  himself  to  be  a  very  weak 
man,  or  otherwise  must  in  reality  be  so. 

Hereupon  one  of  the  laborers  standing 
by,  informed  the  gentleman  how  it  was 
with  Israel ;  when  immediately  the  knight 
put  a  shilling  into  his  hands,  and  bade  fajm 
go  to  a  little  road-side  inn.  which  was 
nearer  than  the  house,  and  buy  him  bn*ad 
and  a  pot  of  beer.  Thus  refi  eshed  he  re- 
turned to  the  band,  and  toiled  with  them 
till  four  o'clock,  when  the  day's  work  was 
over. 

Arrived  at  the  house,  he  there  again 
saw  his  employer,  who  after  attentively 
eyeing  him  without  speaking,  bade  a  meid 
be  prepared  for  him  ;  when  the  maid  pre- 
senting a  smaller  supply  than  her  kind 
master  deemed  necessary,  .she  was  ordered 
to  return  and  bring  out  the  entire  dish. 
But  aware  of  the  danger  of  sudden  reple- 
tion of  heavy  food  to  one  in  his  condition. 
Israel,  previously  recruited  by  ihe  fnigal 
meal  at  tlic  inn,  partook  but  sparingly. 
The  repast  was  spread  on  the  grass,  and 
being  over,  the  good  knight  again  looking 
inquisitively  at  Israel,  ordered  a  comfort- 
able bed  to  be  laid  in  the  bam ;  and  hert 
Israel  spent  a  capital  night. 


I 


I 


I 


I 


I 


IIM.] 

_  ia  c^  wtth  tU«  lalMirt'i-s  to  their 
wlira  hi»»'mi*ft>ver  appToachiiig  him 
will  »  btiMTnlcTit  air,  Imdc:  bim  n^tuni  to 
In*  eoorJi,  «nt1  ihvtv  nrinniti  till  he  had 
dlcfi.  ki*  f^n,  irrfi   waji  in  a  iKiUer  psUtv  IQ 

tSp^n  '  >rih  i^tn  &  lUtb  alter 

l»m^  tt£  f«>uTiil  >ir  »rohn  walkiti^  idone  in 
ikp  gfuutiiifi^  r|K»n  iIit»coverin|;  him, 
Imufwmdd  hnv*^  r*/treaU'<l  fiyirinj*  that 
Ir  ttAglit  bitrtiJi> ;  hut  Itc'ckrmin;^  him  to 
•Jfiaw,  the  kniffht  jt^  J.-nu*t  drew  ui^h, 
ixed  tm  bim  ^urh  n  peiRtnitit)^  glance, 
Ikiimr  piKiT  bi'ru  r]imki«<1  to  the  ^r^» 
WM  iiUi  dririid  of  deiuctioii  n^^ 
hv  the  koivlit^  ru»w  nJliujj  m  n 
b  •  .    Israid 

»»'  ■  1   i-  ■  :'i^:,  rhvti 

•fwiatt^'tft  U^t-  MrurtU  of  tlie  luji^ter  to 
fa  «erwit  vrbo  now  npjieart'd,  all  dread 

*Bciiic  bifhpr  «mne  wine  I  *' 
U    yMtTK  :  tij  G»nler  of  the 

laldlt  iW  » '  ' -t  down  TiD  (( tm^em 

*Mjp<Kn  »ff 

it  10  !■  -^  thjit  you  nrv  au 

Aariicii...  ,  ..    .am  not  mieUikcn^ 

l«Ri  ifv  %ii  i*«c«|>pd  |iriioiiiir  of  WAr.  But 

I^TM'I  nghiiiet, 
..:.^  in  hbhAiid, 


^ 

^y 


'  t  —  I  her**  i  t  is  ftpiin.     W  hy 
'  J<>hn  (ike  the  rest  ?" 


ibH  farm 
•BKr 


r.lt»tl  me — but  .SUTHthoW, 

1*1  It  1  c«a*t.    You 
lit?'* 
A  *   Tlark  ye^  your 

.1.'  '        .1    I  r!,t  which  you 
; '  I  a  Mtrftnger ; 

I  „ ,,,  ..,  ,, .  Utnty  voUp" 
I  y€m  for  thul,    Mr  .Millet*" 

_.iL-    ruin f  I   r;itl    ini/    liv    mv    riafht 

m       -  '-'^ivif 

%  thmmnmi   ttmr^   «w«^  John   u*  ^ther 

iW  oiMs.    C«/me.    Only  Sir  ftiid  then 


vvttldf  not  V. 

M  VlttltTi 


>VIJ 


iiiar 


IB|tfcrf 

I  cunuM 
lottclt 


yiid  mna 


1    thta   k  nigh  I 

,  *'  ti?Il  mvy  arv 

1  1^       it'g 

r,  I 
.     .Veil, 

.       .    Hilt  A  fvC^ 


l»ra*'l  fmnklr  t?onft*si!t!tJ  it,,  and  toli]  his 
whole  8tor3%  Tiie  kuight  h6tL'ne<l  with 
much  intLTiftt;  J^nd  ni  U«  roiiHuHion^ 
wtimtKi  Isnuel  to  be  wane  of  the  soldiers  j 
P>r  owing  to  the  scuii^  of  acttim  of  the 
royal  ^ulj^  bein^  in  the  ticijrhlKjrlHiod, 
tbe  ted^coatfl  abounded  hi'n'4ilH>nt^t 

"I  do  not  wish  tmnecoscsarily  to  ipeak 
agjiinst  my  own  country meii;'  he  added, 
''  I  liiit  plainly  speak  for  3'our^rood.  The 
ioidier«  yon  meet  provvlittg  on  the  ro&ds, 
are  not  fnir  specimens  of  the  army. 
They  are  u  set  of  mcnn^  dikHtanlly  Imtiditti  \ 
whfj,  to  obtain  their  fee,  would  lx*ti'ay 
thdr  k^t  tVirndft,  Once  nsore^  I  warn 
ycm  a^n^t  them.  But  enough  ;  f^idlow 
me  now  to  ihe  house,  and  as  you  tell  me 
you  have  exchan^d  clothe?s  before  noWj 
you  can  do  It  Rgaln.  What  tay  you  ?  I 
will  i?i?e  you  eoat  and  breeches  for  your 
rags,'* 

Thus  generously  supplied  withclotbca, 
and  other  eonritirts  by  the  good  knight, 
and  implicitly  relying  upon  the  honor  of 
so  kind-h4?artud  a  man,  Umcl  chceanl  up^ 
and  in  the  ctjursi?  d'  two  or  three  weeks 
bad  m  fattened* his  flanks,  thnt  he  was 
nble  completely  to  fill  Sir  John's  old 
buckskin  breeches,  which  at  lii-st  had 
bun^  hut  loosely  about  him. 

He  was  mat&aed  to  an  occupation 
which  removed  him  from  the  other  work- 
men. The  fitrawbcrry  bed  was  put  nuder 
diis  8o1q  rharge.  And  often^  of  mild^ 
aunnr  afWucioa^  the  knight,  genml  and 
gentle  with  dinner,  would  stroll  ban^- 
headed  to  the  pka>ant  strawberry  lx*d, 
and  have  nitHj  little  con fi dent iai  chatA 
with  Iwrmd  j  while  Israel,  ehanned  by  the 
patriarclial  demeanor  of  this  true  Ahn^ 
hamic  gentleman,  witli  a  imile  on  hiR  lip. 
and  tears  of  gratitude  in  his  e3'es,  offcrii'd 
him,  from  time  to  time,  the  }>lum|)c&i 
berries  of  the  beti 

When  the  strawberry  season  wm  over, 
other  part-^  of  the  j:rr^>undi^  were  asBigiiea 
him.  jVnd  jw>  rIx  months  elapded^  wuen, 
at  tlio  nx'ommui  Kbit  ion  of  Str  John^ 
Israel  pnKurtHi  u  i^rkI  lH?rlh  in  the  ga^ 
d&n  of  the  PrhuvflJi  Amelia. 

So  oomplrtrly  rtow  had  recent  c^«^<iitl 
metamor|jhot«.'d  him  in  all  ontwani  ihingn, 
ttiat  few  BU^pected  htm  of  lieing  any  other 
than  an  F*rtgli»*htTiaii.  Not  wn  the 
kni|£ht's  dome^tic^.  But  in  the  priimrsi^V 
gank'n,  bcin^  obliged  to  work  in  eomijany 
with  many  other  laborers,  the  wa^r 
wmH  riftt'u  a  topic  of  di  amontr 

tl»*?m.     And'  fiii^  d^I  umbels" 

were  not  suldom  tht?  obj- . .  .  -.  .u  rdoui 
remark.  Illy  could  the  esik)  brook 
in  iih^iK^  «uch  insults  upon  the  oe»iititrj 
for  which  \m  liad  bled,  and  for  wbooe 


: 


138 


Isrml  Potfff  ;  or,  Mfiy  Ymrw  tf  Enle, 


[Ai^. 


bcmcvred  sake  he  wbj;  timt  rery  instant  s 
BufFerer.  More  than  udco,  h^a  indignft- 
tk>n  cam©  verjr  nijjh  fre-ltin?  the  better  of 
hi?  pradenoe*  fie  longtHl  fnt  the  war  to 
end,  that  he  might  but  fipeak  n  Utile  bit 
of  his  mind. 

Now  the  SHporinlendent  of  the  garden 
was  »  harsK,  overhparinp  man.  The 
workmen  with  tame  senilitj  enduiied  bis 
worst  fiffronts.  But  Isrfj<?l*bred  mmon^ 
tncMjnt^ins,  found  tt  impos*rible  to  re« train 
himself  when  madc^tht*  undeeeircd  object 
i>f  pitile.'?^  epithets.  Ere  two  months  went 
by,  he  quitted  the  service  of  the  princess, 
und  enjjuped  himself  to  a  farmer  in  a 
gmall  riling  not  far  from  Brentford  But 
hardly  ha3  he  been  htri*  three  weeks, 
wht^n  a  mm  or  again  |rot  afloat,  that  he 
waa  a  Yankee  prisoner  of  war,  W  hence 
thii  nsport&n^se  he  could  neTer  di&coTer. 
No  pooner  did  it  reach  the  ears  of  the 
soldiers,  than  they  were  on  the  alert. 
Luckily  Israel  was  apprified  of  their 
intentions  in  time.  But  he  wBs  hard 
pushed.  lie  wjw  hunted  after  with  a 
perseverance  worthy  a  Ic«;a  ignoble  cause. 
lie  hjvl  many  hairbreadth  escapes*  Mos^t 
assuredly  he  would  have  Ixen  captured, 
had  it  not  b*en  for  tho  secret  ^ood  offices 
of  a  lew  indiTiduals,  who^  perhaps^  were 
not  nnfriendly  to  the  Amerkfin  side  of 
the  question,  thoujarh  they  durst  not 
avow  it. 

Triit'ked  one  nipht  by  the  soldiers  to 
the  house  of  one  of  these  friends,  in  whofifi 
garret  be  was  concealed ;  he  wa*  obligied 
to  for«?  theakultle.  and  nmnm*  alon^  the 
roof  passed  to  thoi^e  of  fldjuining  houf^es 
to  the  number  of  t«n  or  twelvej  finally 
suDceoding  in  making  \m  eiMMk|>e« 


OIIAPTKB  V* 
IlIUEIi  Ui  Ills  Liax^i  &%s. 

HA^tiAmED  day  and  niphU  hunted  fro^ra 
food  nnd  sleep,  dnven  from  hole  to  hok 
like  a  fox  in  the  wo<.td.s ;  with  no  chance 
tft  earn  an  bourns  wnifes ;  he  was  at  laj?t 
advjKiMl  by  one  whoso  sincerity  he  could 
not  douht,  to  apply,  on  the  good  word  of 
Sir  John  Millet  for  a  berth  as  laborer  in 
the  KiUiT^s  Ga^Jius  at  Kew.  There.  \i 
was  saidi  he  would  l>e  entirely  safe,  as  no 
soldier  durst  approjich  those  preniifics  to 
molest  any  soul  lh*.*reln  employed,  ll 
E truck  the  p»r  exile  as  cunouBj  that  the 
very  den  of  the  British  Uon*  the  private 
grounda  of  I  he  British  King;^  should  bo 
commended  to  a  refugee  as  his  secui^t 
asylum, 
Hi4  niliTity  carefully  concealed^  and 


beinir  personally  introduced  to  the  clilef 
gardener  by  one  who  well  knew  him, 
armed  too  with  a  line  from  Sir  John,  and 
recommended  by  his  introducer  as  un- 
commonly ejtpert  at  horticulture  j  Israel 
was  soon  installed  as  keeper  of  certnin 
leK.^  private  plants  and  walks  of  the  park- 
It  was  here,  to  one  of  hh  n«ir  country 
retreatis,  that,  coming  from  ptTpleseitjes  of 
stilt c*-l caving  far  !:«hind  hins  the  <\lnp^ 
old  bricks  of  St.  James— George  the 
Third  was  wont  to  walk  up  and  down 
beneath  the  long  arbors  formed  by  the 
inter  lockings  of  lofty  trees. 

More  than  onoe^  raking  the  gravel, 
Israel  through  intervening  foliage  would 
catch  peeps  in  wme  private  but  parallel 
walk^  of  that  lonely  f5gure,  not  more 
shadowy  with  oTerhanging  leaves  than 
vsith  the  ^hade  of  royal  meditations. 

Unauthorized  and  abhorrent  though ta 
will  sometimes  invade  the  best  human 
heart.  Seeing  the  monarch  unguarded 
before  him  ;  remembering  that  the  war 
was  imputed  more  to  the  self- will  of 
the  King  than  to  the  willingness  of  pnr- 
j lament  or  the  nation;  mjd  rulhng  to 
mind  all  his  own  ^(ifferings  growing  out 
of  that  war,  with  all  the  calamities  of  his 
country  ;  dim  impulses.  ?nch  as  those  to 
which  the  regiride  Ka  vat  I  lac  yielded, 
would  shoot  baleful  ly  across  the  soul  of 
the  exile.  But  thm,^ting  Satan  hehind 
him,  l^rsiel  vanquished  all  such  tempta- 
tions. Xor  did  these  ever  more  di.sturb 
hirn,  after  his  one  clmnee  conver£»ation 
with  the  monarch, 

M  be  was  one  day  gravelling  a  tittle 
bye-waik  ;  wrapped  in  thought,  tbo  King 
t timing  a  clump  of  bushes^  suddenly 
brush erl  lsmel\s  person, 

luimetUati-dy  L^ratl  touched  his  bat-*- 
but  did  not  remove  it- — bowed,  nnd  was 
retiring;  when  something  in  his  air  ar- 
rest e<i  the  Ktng*3  attention. 

''  You  aint  an  Engbshman^^no  £ng^ 
liabnian — uo  no,^' 

Pale  as  deathj  Israel  tried  to  answ^ 
something;  but  knowing  not  what  to 
say;  stood  froaen  to  the  ground. 

'^  You  are  a  Yankee— a  Yankee,'*  said 
the  King  again  in  his  rapid  uid  half- 
.^tanunering  way. 

Again  Israel  a^snyed  to  reply,  hut  could 
not*  What  could  be  imy  1  Could  he  lie 
to  a  King  I 

"  Y'es.  yes,— you  are  one  of  tlmt  atub- 
born  race.— that  very  stubbora  tua^ 
Wlittt  bnn3-ht  yon  bcre?'^ 

^'Thc  faUs  «>r  war,  sir.-' 

^'May  ii  please  youi  '  enid  a 

low   cringing  voice,   fti^  -     '*tlik 

m«jn  ifi  in  the  walk  t^ainst  ordera.   TImm  { 


Id54.] 


ifnwf  pQit^r ;    &r,  Fifty  Tmr9  o/  Exile, 


130 


ll  mrntt  otiiitAke,  taa^  it  ptMiie  your  ma- 
fstjr,  Quil  tlie  wdk,  bbckhe^''  be 
bkwd  it  IsmcL 

ti  wftM  one  of  tbe  junior  ^ftrdci^ers  who 
Lliu«  ftpoke*  It  6vrui!»  tbivt  Israel  hftd 
miiUkcn  lii*  direr  *         ' '  ;  *  mom  t  ng, 

•^SliBk^  roo  il  the  ^rdener 

a|iiB  b>  tawt\\  i.....  ..,    il  io  the  king, 

*j|  aktAk*  or  tlie  iiujl  I  t&^um  jour 

*0v  yott  ■ir»y — ^iiwuy  with  jc,  Mid 
kin!  him  irtih  mc.*^  boifritiij  kitt;;. 

Wiill^K  A  tnami^TiC  till   i\m  iiian  was 
•it  iif  l»nriiig«  the  king  lagain  tiinicd  uputi 
IffTtcL 
*-WfT»  Tou  ftt   Bunker  Hill  i  — Umt 
'    ■  '  Beaki^r  Hill— eli,  i^li  ? '' 
f  c«,  fir," 
^foQfi^t  Ifko  i  dctil^likc  a  Ton- defile 

.^  » 

flog  — hcl|»ef|   iiog   mv   sol- 

*  Tak  «r;  but  Tcry  eony  to  do  it" 
'Khl— ^K'— Tun/,  iti.it?" 
*  I  took  it  luty,  BJr." 

•*  T«f7  tl^  —  vt?ry  raudi 

itricvii.     W  iij  du  yu  .sir  in©  1 — 
Till  ynnt  hmsr— yuur  ki«|c/*  , 
§tr  I  tit  J,  l>ut  ^r  Jth  deep 

k-n^  v^^My  for 

j^.  iBnicl, 
,  -villi    -riHkl  with 
Milt  fvi|vr^  I.     The  king,  ttirn- 

JDjf  foddenh  ,  %iitJKni  rupily  away  from 
\mwHk  ft  SHimviiL  hut  prr^'titly  rcttinting 

vili  ft  1^^   1..  ..  *. .t^l,  **  Yi^ii  are 

llMPfJ  10  I  ar&nmt!thing 

«f  th«t  p>rt  ..  -.  ,.  -  .  But  I  know 
joa  m  Dol — 00^  no.  \  cm  nfv  a  lunaw  ay 
prasi^it^r  uf-T^ar.  ch  ?  V*Hi  tm^e  jioi^jht 
KdiiJ  fforn  |mr>ii)L  ch  7 


C 


•  ^pc  Bn  lF*m'Nt   ri"l>cl^Pobei, 
jm^z^UL     r  .  lisu^k.    .Sjiy  nothing 

«f  liiit  tiUk  And  b^rk  pgiiin. 


.eiidi  jour  iif'^ 


she  iviog 


1liii^fH,*'lllKMgbti 

'Kill  tKe  kiag^  but  tlie  king^H  kiiiduxiaitf 

*  Jota  Biy  •riaj'— •fuiy*^ 

Sadljr  k^skinf    do«rvi,    timi!!    idkntly 

]  awajr.     Very  «*tul/lH;)rn  raoo 


— vicry  stubborn  race  indoed-*— very— rery 

— ^vcry," 

And  ^Ull  growlinf]  ttie  magn&niiDoiis 
lion  (kpartwl. 

How  th*)  mojum^h  ctme  by  bis  know- 
liHlgic  of  &o  biuiible  an  exile,  v^bfther 
through  that  swift  insight  into  individual 
cliamcttT  smid  to  form  one  of  the  mirairu- 
lous  qualities  tniii*^miiu*d  wiUi  a  crovvn, 
or  whether  some  of  tJie  rumorK  jrrcTaillijg 
outside  of  the  gardt'n  had  come  to  his 
eAr  Israel  coutd  never  dt'termiije.  Very 
probably,  though^  tlic  lal  icr  \v^\^  the  caiK^j 
inai^much  li  Home  vagnc  shadowy  ivjwrt 
of  Israel  not  hmtv%  ta\  Engli^^hiuau,  biwl  a 
little  previous  to  his  inttTview  with  I  ho 
king,  been  comrnunicateil  to  hevtinil  of  the 
inferior  ganlenera.  Without  auy  im- 
]M.'acbmoni  of  Isracrti  fealty  to  hi.^  c^oun- 
try^  it  muRt  still  Ix'  narrated*  that  from 
tbb  Im  familiar  audience  with  Gt-ori^'  the 
Third^  he  went  away  wjtb  vtrv  favt>rahle 
views  of  that  monarch,  Israid  now 
thought  that  it  (.\iuld  tiut  bi^  the  warm 
heart  of  the  king,  hut  tb«  cold  htjid^  of 
his  lorrls  in  council^  that  p'rhuafknl  him 
srj  tyrannically  to  perse*; utc  AnuTi'a. 
Vet  hit  her  to  the  precisie  txjntrary  of  i  his 
\\t^\  heeu  IhrAwPi*  opinion*  aj^'tahly  to  the 
tH^pidAr  prejudice  throughout  KtiW  Eug- 
land. 

Thu^  we  !^ce  what  straDge  and  powerful 
magic  resides  in  a  crown,  and  how  aubtly 
that  cheap  and  ea^y  ma^oaiiinniy.  which 
in  private  liclougA  to  uiost.  kuii^M,  may 
ojK'rute  on  iTfJod-naturvd  and  unfortuoato 
souls.  fodiA^l  hitd  it  not  been  lor  the 
[H!culiar  disiuterei^ti'd  lidelit}^  of  our  ail* 
venturer's  patrioti-sm,  he  would  have  >,oim 
tfported  tho  red  coat ;  and  (x=rhap*s  under 
the  immediate  patronages  of  hx^  royal 
friend,  ho^n  a^Jvanr^jeil  in  time  U%  no  mean 
mnk  \i\  the  army  of  Britain <  Nor  in  tliat 
case  would  we  have  had  to  follow  him,  as 
at  la^tt  ue  ^^hall,  t^irough  long,  long  yearn 
of  oh>ie?or<i  and  perjorimm  waudcrmg. 

Continuing  in  the  ^^trviee  of  tlie  king's 
gtirdenem  at  Kew.  until  a  tM^aMin  came 
wheu  IIki  work  of  tbt)  garden  refpuml  a 
Ie«H  nuintj»er  of  labon*ni;  Israi^l,  with 
several  otbeni,  wa*  dischargtul  \  and  the 
tlay  after,  en^fttSL^d  bim^pcif  for  a  few 
tOimtfiN  to  a  fnritHT  in  the  neighborhood 
wlnfu  hr  harj  lie^n  lant  employeiL  itut 
hy,  wlwH  thi^  old 


hardly  a  wei'k  lunl  \ 

(itpry  of  his  b 

pnKiuer,  or  a    ^  ■ 

be  rtviveil  with  a-iJ  'I    n 

h I ood liou nds,  th v.  u .A- 1 1 >  i  - 

on  the*  irn^ek.     The  houM 

bon-d    wen*    nwiiiv   tmR'^  ^  .  „^ 

thankN  to  thi'  tiifiddty  of  a  few  eanioil 

Wf U'wishers,  and  to  hi&  own  ^Uu^^««|iu^L 


1,  or  a  runnway 
r  ti  -^pv.  bt'gau  to 

-  .^  1  M't^  more 
^  i'  I  he  bar* 
'iintM.dj  bul 


uo 


Isntei  Poti^ ;   or.  Fifty  Tears  of  MsUe, 


[Aug. 


vigilAnce  tnd  ictJTitjr.  the  hunted  tox  still 
contitHied  to  elude  apprehensiJOTi.  To  such 
extpeniitieij  of  hamsf^mcntv  howcTer^  did 
this  ince.^sJint  pursuit  subject  him,  that  in 
m  fit  of  despair  he  was  about  to  surrender 
fnm.'icli^  aud  isu^nnit  to  his  fate,  when 
Provideoo©  iieasonably  iuLerpoi^cd  in  his 
ftfor. 


CMAPTEB  TL 

MH4^EL  itAJiW  THK  A  CQU  4  (KTAIICI  OP  CKRTiiiEX  »> 
CSirr  FKtlCfcliN  OP  AJMJEKtOA^  OKK  OP  ttHtU  bEUTO 
THK  fAJlatiS  AirTirOU  OP  TUl  "*  PTf  IBBlOUl  OP  PFH* 
ttnJ^  lUimil  DESI^ATCII  UIM  ON  A  tLT  KUItAWtl 
ACMOAl  TUE  CdA5iSEl« 

At  this  period,  though  mflide  the  victims 
indeed  of  British  oppression,  yet  the  colo- 
nies were  not  totally  without  friends  in 
BritAia  It  was  but  natural  th/it  when 
Parliament  it^lf  held  patriotic  aini  gift- 
ed Jnen^  who  not  only  recommended 
conciliatory  mea^ures^  but  JikfWise  de- 
nouncx-'d  the  wiir  as  inonstn>us ;  it  w^ 
but  uatural  that  throiighout  the  nation 
at  large  there  should  be  many  private  in- 
diriduals  eheriiihujg  stmHar  sentunents  ; 
and  »ome  who  mrwle  no  scruple  ctatides- 
tinely  to  act  upon  them. 

Late  cine  night  while  hiding  in  a  far- 
mer's granary,  L^rttel  imw  a  man  with  a 
Lantern  approaching.  He  was  about  to 
flee,  when  the  man  hailed  him  In  a  well- 
known  voice,  bidding  him  have  no  fean 
It  was  the  fiiriner  himself.  He  carried 
a  me.^sa^e  t<j  Israel  from  a  gentleman  of 
Brentford,  to  the  effect,  that  the  refuj^ee 
w^  earnestly  ^eq^e^ted  to  repair  on  fije 
following  eTening  to  that  gentleman's 
munsion. 

At  fir.:^!  Tsraet  was  diapoj^d  to  Burmiss 
that  either  the  farmer  was  playing  him 
&lBe|  or  else  hi^  honcsl  credulity  had 
been  imposeii  upon  by  eTil-mlnded  per- 
sona* At  any  rate,  he  rep.r*ied  the  mes- 
sage as  a  decoy,  and  for  half  an  hour  re- 
fused to  credit  its  sincerity.  But  at 
leii^h  he  was  induced  to  think  a  little 
better  of  it.  The  gentleman  giving  the 
iavilaiioii  was  one  tSquire  Woodcock,  of 
Breutfurd,  whotie  loyalty  to  the  king, 
had  bt'on  under  euspidon]  so  at  lea,* t  the 
farmer  u V e rnnl ,  This  latter  Informa t ion 
was  n(kt  nvthoiit  ita  effect. 

At  nightfiill  on  the  following  day,  he^ 
ing  (lii^guitHifl  in  €tt range  ebthes  by  the 
farmer,  Israel  sloltj  from  his  retreat^  and 
after  a  tvw  hourd*  walk,  arrivt^d  before 
the  ani'u'dt  1  trick  houM*  i>f  the  Squire; 
who  opt'uing  the  door  in  i>rr';on,  and 
leamin^r  who  it  waR  that  stootl  thi>re,  at 
'^oe  a8.4uriHl  Israel  in  the  most  iolemn 


manner^  that  no  foul  plaj  was  inteiKkd. 

So  the  wanderer  suJfered  himself  to  en- 
tern,  and  be  conducted  to  a  private  diam- 
ber  in  the  rear  of  the  mansion,  wliertj 
were  seated  two  other  gentlemen^  attired^ 
in  the  manner  of  that  age,  in  long  lac^ 
coats  with  smallciotheSj  and  sh(.>es  with 
silver  buckles, 

**  I  am  John  Woodcock,"  said  the  hofft, 
*^and  the^  gentlemen  are  Home  Tooke 
and  Jamei;  Bnd^,  All  three  of  us  are 
friends  to  Amenca.  We  haTe  heard  of 
Ton  for  some  weeks  past,  and  inferring 
from  your  conduct,  that  you  must  b«  ■ 
Yankee  of  the  true  blue  stamp,  we  have 
resolved  to  employ  you  in  a  way  which 
you  cannot  but  gladly  approve  ;  for  sunc^ 
ly^  though  on  exile,  you  are  still  willing 
to  serve  your  country  ;  if  not  as  a  sailor 
or  soldier,  yet  as  a  traveller?** 

**  Tell  me  how  I  may  do  it  ?  "  demand- 
ed Israel,  not  completely  at  ease, 

■^'At  tliAt  in  g04>d  time/*  smiled  the 
Sqnire.  "The  pouit  is  now — do  yoti 
repose  confidence  in  my  statements  1  '* 

Israel  glanced  inquiringly  upon  the 
Squire ;  then  upon  his  companions ;  and 
meeting  the  ejcpressive^  enthusiastic,  can- 
did countenance  of  Home  Ttwke — then 
in  the  ^ts%  honcet  ardor  of  hb  political 
career— turned  to  the  Squire,  and  said^ 
''Sir;  I  believe  what  you  have  said. 
Tell  me  now  what  I  am  to  do? '' 

"  Ohj  there  is  just  nothing  to  be  done 
to-night,"  said  the  Squire  j  ''  nor  for  some 
days  to  come  perhapsj  but  we  wanted  to 
have  you  prepared »" 

And  hereupon  he  hinted  to  his  gtiest 
rather  vaguely  of  bis  general  intention  i 
and  that  over,  begged  him  to  entertain 
them  with  some  account  of  his  adven- 
tures since  he  tirst  took  up  arms  for  hia 
country.  To  this  Israel  had  no  objeo- 
tions  in  the  world,  since  all  men  love  to 
tell  the  talc  of  hardships  endured  in  a 
righteous  cause.  But  em  beginnijog  hia 
story,  the  Squire  refreshed  liim  with 
some  cold  beef,  laid  in  a  snowy  napkiiij 
and  a  gla&s  of  Perry,  and  thrice  during 
the  narration  of  tlae  adventures,  pressed 
him  with  additional  draughts. 

But  after  hii>  second  glass,  reraet  de- 
clined to  drink  more,  mild  as  the  hever* 
age  was.  For  he  iiotice^lj  that  not  only 
dui  the  three  gentlemen  listc-u  with  the 
utmost  interest  to  his  story,  but  hkewiee 
interrupted  him  with  questions*  and  cross- 
queslions  in  the  most  [lertinadous  mon^ 
nen  So  thi*  led  him  to  be  on  bin  guard. 
not  being  absolutely  certam  y<rtj  an  to 
who  they  might  really  be,  or  what  wa» 
their  real  design.  But  as  it  turned  out 
Squii\£  Woodcock  and  his  frienUa  only 


10^.] 


limd  Potter ;   or,  Fifty   Tfara  of  Ekiif. 


141 


lifrcv  Biiklni?  tfif  Ir  finjil  tligclo^un?*,  thit 
^  '»ni  implicit  con- 

Atkd  I"  ti«i»  ik*^mbl^  conelusbn  ih<?j 
ffmtuAllj  4XIZ1C ;  for  upon  thc^  eiifliug  of 

ptkie*  for  hH  bAnf«Lliip«,  tnd  appUuciing 

■iipeBri  u   in  £o  patleiitty 

mAmfUii:  well   fL^  8inf,-iug 

thiBBi«r<  o!  hi^  ^Hjmut  felloW'tiioldirr-a 
rf  fi^cr  HUi ;  fJwy  opviily  rt^vt^aled 
iMr  idMrBiiL  i'kvv  wUhed  to  know, 
ttobdr  Ijcnd  woiJd  undcrtAkc  k  trip 
1,0  e*'*'"^""  '"ijioriaiit  m€«siige 
Ijr  to  J  I  for  tianhUiiHMon 


'lit 


a. 


L  i;pen«4t'S  ph*U  be  pud.  not  to 

lire;  *'  h.i;  wm  ^a|'' 

think  of  it,"  ^d  Isricl,  not 
jli  vbullf  «»tifirTntfl  in  his  tnmd.  Uut 
mm-  wr^  '   liis  [rl^&ticx.'  uti  llunie 

TMic«r  a  T  ^.  ►  1 1 1  f  1 1  111  w  ji  H  g<>n  e. 

TW  8q«4)r*'  t4<i<7  mformefl  Urucl  that,  to 
isqil  «aiificioitit,  It  would  kx?  iH'c!c.<siLr/ 
Ir  \mm  to  rvmoTc  lo  ant*ther  pl4c«  until 
te  Imw  «I  nrhidi  hv  »boy]tl  Ht&rt  for 
fmm.  Thmy  titjobed  npon  him  the  pro- 
IvB^lil  is«fMj ;  g«Te  hin>  a  guin(?a. 
vtfll  ft  Micr  lor  *  gcnUcmtui  in  Whiio 
W«|||im^  %  \mwtk  mwic  tsiiks  frotii  Urt^nt^ 
frfi|  wlkKb  piitif  tt]<.<v  bf/cji^tii  hnn  to 
fmm  m  toon  -  k*,  iKtre  to  tarry 

Qbras  mforuMMi  him  ttf  thus  mueli. 
fi|qB«  Waoiloook  ftskcd  him  to  hold  out 

'^WbalbrT'*  mkilmcL 

*1ilij,  m%mH  jtM  not  like  to  havf  r 
pirctf'  Mw  boou  ignidfft  jrour  reluru?'' 
«iU  EofM  Tooke. 

*»IJ1l  jw;  BO  objcctjons  at   all/'  luitd 

*  Well  tbok  kt  IIm  boot-mtkof  tDi@»- 
mfmjmm.''  miik4  H^mm  Tooke. 

*  Do  fou  ilo  it,  Mr.  Tr»ok<^  Miid  the 
Sflsr^  *'jroa  mouttre  mini**  ptrt»  bettor 

^Ottld  ««l  joor  foot,  my  goi>d  frkud,^ 
aid  HonMr  Tcuk^*-*' there**fi&tr  hst's 
MHPf9^  Tfmr  bciarL'' 

^  meamiri  iii«  rtranil  th^ 
iL^  '  .rsah 

*J^i    U4<*   man  wo  want,"  iiaid  Mr. 
i  tniiiii)ibiaiidv. 

liir:     '    r   glAM   of  wbe, 

.,.    .^ajiar'i   dollicn   for 

dbpiiMj,  Liiravl  now  i(i<t  out 

miatf^  ^»  ^U  f^^  b^  lit^iitinaiiun^ 

isoslfod  raioute  diri^:tioiis  »«  to 


hi&  ro.vl  J  and  ttrivjui:  in  White  Uftlihiiia 
on  the  following  morning,  wsih  very  i-onli- 
ally  receJTed  by  the  gi?nitemiin  t*>  wboui 
he  carried  the  letter  This  pennon,  nn- 
other  of  the  active  English  rrit'iifb  of 
America,  po8S)»sed  a  particular  knoM  led^^^ 
of  late  event*  in  that  land.  To  him 
iMracl  wafi  indebted  for  much  entertaining 
information.  After  remaining  Kome  ten 
thjh  lit  this  pUcCj  word  cjime  from  Sqinre 
\\'(>od(x>ck,  requiring  Israel's  immediate 
return,  MMing  the  bout  at  which  be  must 
nrrift  at  the  hmnyo,  namely ^  two  o'clot^k 
on  the  following  morning.  So,  after  an- 
other nfght*a  solitary  trudge  across  the 
country,  the  wanderer  was  wd  comer  J  by 
the  same  three  gentlemen  as  befyr©> 
abated  in  the  same  roomp 

*'  The  time  has  now  conns,"  imid  Squiro 
Woodcock.  *'  You  nm?it  start  thU  morn- 
ing for  Paris.    Tak  e  otr  y  0  u  r  ^h  wk^' 

"Am  I  to  steal  from  here  to  Vnm  on 
ray  stocking- feet?"  said  Urael  whoao 
late  ea,sy  g*io<J  hving  at  White  Waltham 
had  not  fat  led  to  hring  out  the  i:ood*u&- 
tured  and  mirthful  part  of  him,  even 
as  hiB  prior  cxptricnc^s  had  produced,  for 
the  luQHi  jmrl^  sometbing  like  a  contmry 
result. 

'^  Oh  no^"  smile^l  Uornc  Tooke»  who  al- 
ways?  livetl  well ;  *"  we  have  seven-league 
boots  for  you.  Don't  you  remember  my 
m<ai»uring  you  ?  *' 

Uereu|iun  gping  to  the  dose t,  the  Squire 
brouglit  out  a  fiair  of  new  boots.  They 
were  ijtte<l  with  faliie  hcel^,  Umscrewtng 
tbi*w^  the  !>quirt?  showed  Isnul  the  pajiera 
concealed  beneatJL  They  were  of  n  line 
ti^sney  lihre^  and  contained  much  writing 
m  a  very  small  compass.  The  hoots — it 
need  hardly  be  said — had  been  particu* 
larly  made  for  the  occasion. 

^*  Walk  AcrocHS  the  room  with  tbetn^''^ 
said  the  Squire,  when  UraiMl  liad  pulled 
them  on. 

**nell  surely  b©  discovered/*  smiled 
Homo  Tooko.     "  Hark,  bow  be  creakK.*' 

**  Come,  com«*^  il^s  loij  gerions  a  matfer 
lor  joking,^  isaid  the  Squire*  **  Now  my 
fine  fellow,  Vie  c^iitiuua,  be  sober,  he  vigi- 
lant^ and  a  bo  vn  All  things  ho  spe«dy*'* 

Beinq^  funnshed  now  with  alt  rvqiUHito 
directicju^  ami  a  ftupply  of  money.  Israel 
tiiking  leave  of  Mr.  Tuoke  and  Mr. 
liridgcfl;,  was  iocretly  condimtcd  dovin 
timrs  by  the  Squire,  and  i 
time  w&^  on  bid  way  to  ^  r  i 

lyi:»i]don ;  where  tJiking  th<-  jhjhl  lo^ru  atr 
thfTVTr  he  thenfic  wrnt  in  a  f«eket  to 
Calaiti.  an-l  "  ti*'<"n  mmuteA  a  Ait  land- 
ing, wn^  ti  4  ov<r  Fn'in^h  »i>il 
lowardii  }'^.  \l  -  ^rriveJ  Llirfre  in  nafe- 
ty,  and  froely  declaring  hitniielf  an  Araer^ 


142 


or,  JF^Jty  Tmrw  ef  Etik. 


[Aug. 


icwn.  the  peenliarly  fritndly  rolations  of 
the  two  nuiion*  at  that  period,  procared 
him  kiodly  iLtteotions  Qvcn  from  strangers. 


CMAPTKR  TIL 

SLTT^K  A  tiniToift  ADTKnTcrsB  FPOH  -niE  PO»T  If  Iter, 

OtAUK,  112^  rUjLTrEUTr^  WttnU  UK  n!IIl»  IIGBT  IJL^JtSf- 
ttDLT  A14D  MULTTrASIOimLY  EMPLOTCIk 

FoL LOWING  the  directions  given  hfui  at 
the  place  where  the  diligtmce  stopped. 
Israel  wia  cross^in^  the  Pont  Neuf,  to 
find  Doctor  Frutiklin^  when  he  w^  sud- 
denly called  to  by  a  man  stiinding  on  one 
side  of  the  bridge,  just  under  the  eques- 
trian statue  of  Henry  !  V< 

The  miin  had  a  smuU,  shabby  ^looking 
box  before  him  on  the  g^-onnd,  with  a  box 
of  bracking  on  one  side  of  it,  and  {^ereriil 
shoe-brn,shcs  upon  the  other»  riolding 
anothiT  brash  in  his  banrl^  he  politely  sec- 
onded his  Terbal  invitation  by  gracifqlly 
flourishing  the  brush  in  the  air. 

'*  What  do  you  want  of  me,  neighbor?" 
said  Israel  J  pau,*^ing  in  same  what  uneasy 
astonishment. 

^■Ah  MotLsieur,"  exclaimed  the  man^ 
and  ^nih  voluble  politeness  he  ran  on  with 
a  lon^  string  of  French,  which  of  course 
was  all  Greek  to  poor  Israel.  But  what 
his  language  failefl  to  convey,  his  gestures 
now  made  very  plain.  Pointing  to  the 
wet  muddy  state  of  the  bridge,  splashed 
by  a  ret5ent  rain,  and  then  to  the  feet  of 
the  wayfarer,  and  lastly  to  the  brush  in 
hjs  I  land,  he  appeared  to  be  deeply  re- 
gretting that  a  gentleman  of  Ismer«  oth- 
erwise iin posing  appearance,  should  Ije 
seeti  abroad  with  unpolished  boots,  offer- 
ing at  the  s&me  time  to  remove  their 
bleuiii^ibeSi 

^'Ah  Monsieur,  MoosieiiT,'-  cried  the 
man,  at  last  running  up  to  Israeh  And 
with  tender  violence  he  forced  him  tow- 
ards the  bo:!r^  and  lifting  this  unwilling 
customer's  right  foot  thereon,  was  pro- 
ceetling  vigorously  to  work,  w*heu  Hud- 
denly  illuuiiuated  by  a  dreadful  suspicion, 
Israel,  fe telling  the  liox  a  terrible  kick, 
took  to  his  false  heels  and  ran  hke  mad 
over  the  bridge, 

Inoen«)ed  that  his  politcnesis  shonld  re- 
eeive  such  an  ungracious  return,  the  mau 
pursued ;  which  but  confirming  Israel  in 
his  suspicions,  be  ran  all  the  fitst^r,  and 
thanks  to  his  flee  tness^  soon  succeeded  in 
escaping  his  pun^ner. 

Arrived  at  last  at  the  street  antl  the 
houi^^e,  to  which  ho  had  been  directed; 
in  1  tply  to  his  ^uimnons^  tiie  piU\  very 
stran^'Jy  of  itself  ewung  ojjcn  j  and  mueh 
astonished  nt  this  unlooked*fi>r  sort  of 


enchantment.  I>?rael  entered  a  wide  vault- 
ed passage  leading  to  an  open  court  with- 
in. While  he  was  wondering  that  no  soul 
appt^arett,  suddenly  be  waa  hailed  from  a 
dark  little  window,  where  sat  an  old  man 
cobbling  shoes,  while  an  old  wonittQ  stand- 
ing by  his  side,  was  thrusting  her  head 
into  the  passage,  intently  eyeing  the  stran- 
ger*  They  proved  to  be  the  porter  and 
prtregs  j  the  latter  of  whom,  uptm  hear- 
mg  his  summons,  had  invisibly  thrust 
ofWn  the  gate  to  Israel^  by  me^uis  of  % 
spring  communicating  with  the  little 
apartment. 

Upon  hearing  the  name  of  Doctor 
Franklin  mentioned,  the  old  woman,  all 
alacrity,  hurried  out  of  her  den,  and  with 
much  courtesy  showed  Israel  across  the 
courtf  up  three  flights  of  stairSj  lo  a  door 
in  the  rear  of  the  ^^podoae  building. 
There  she  left  him  while  Israel  knocked. 

"Come  in,"  said  a  voice. 

And  immediately  Israel  etocMi  in  the 
presence  of  the  veuemble  Doctor  Frank- 
Itm 

Wrapj>ed  in  a  rich  dreseing-gown — a 
fanciful  pi-esent  from  an  adnnring  Mar- 
cbesa— euriously  embroidered  with  al- 
gebraic fi gurus  like  aconjuroT*s  n>be,  and 
with  ^  skull-cap  of  black  satin  on  his  hive 
of  a  head,  the  man  of  gravity  was  seated 
at  a  huge  claw-footed  M  table,  round  as 
the  zodiac*  It  was  covered  with  printed 
papers;  flies  of  documents;  rolls  of 
MSS.  J  stray  bits  of  strange  models  in 
wood  and  trietal ;  odd*looking  pamphlets 
in  various  languages ;  and  all  sorts  of 
booka ;  including  many  presentation-co- 
pies j  embracing  history ^  mechanics,  diplo- 
macy j  agriculture,  political  economy,  met- 
aphysics, meteorology,  and  geometry* 
The'  walls  had  a  necromantic  look ;  hung 
round  with  barometers  of  kitrerent  kinds ; 
drawings  of  surprising  inventions  ;  wide 
maps  of  far  countries  in  the  New  World^ 
containing  vast  empty  spaces  in  the  mid- 
dle, with  the  word  D  E  8  E  R  T  diffusely 
printed  there,  i!oas  to  span  five^^nd-twen* 
ty  degrees  of  longitude  with  only  two 
syllables, — which  printed  word  howiever 
bore  a  vigorous  pen-mark,  in  the  Doctor's 
hand,  drawn  straight  through  it^  as  if  in 
summary  repeal  of  it ;  crowded  topogra- 
phical and  trigonometrical  charts  of  vari- 
ous parts  of  Europe;  with  geometrical 
diagrams,  and  endless  other  sur[>risipg 
hangtngs  and  uphoktery  of  science* 

The  chamber  itself  bore  evident  marks 
of  antiquity.  One  part  of  the  rough^iih 
ishi-^  ■  ^''  '— ^'- T.i  =  „...! ^,,^ 

wi'  Ifo 

fig^ij.   ...,....:..,    ..,.,.,„..    ,. ,.  -     ,.cll,, 

looked  neat  and  hale.    Both  wmH  tmd 


te54.] 


hrofl  Potter  ;  or,  Fift^  ¥mn  of  MMtU. 


14a 


I 


I 


mm  wtn  oonipoQiuied  of  )fk»  mftterml^ 
IJMB  lull  iliiiKt ;  both^  toa.  w«t«  old  i 
Ist  wltslr  tbo  mile  cmrth  of  Uio  will  had 
w  ptttot«tl  lu^tr.  U)  HEed  DflT&ll  fiulings 
sd  lanl»^<  '  ki^i>  fi\*%h  without, 

ttMA  wit  i !  .  I  its  core  decayed : 

tkt  Uring  hnm  liad  4uflt  of  ihe  sigd 
WW  frescxiW  with  <l«jleii8if«  blooin  of  bis 
mqL 

The  wcalher  wm  m»i ;  liko^omeold 
W«al  ludtA  bpgBlie«d  on  lh@  ^hsa-i,  the 
wkflle  daotiW  bussed  with  tlivs.  But 
CW  MMplQiii  inixuite  ui  «ti]l  and  cool  in 
^wMt^  Absorbed  in  aome  other  wr>rld 
il  bis  tocviiftiJOQi  ind  thoughts,  these 
ilwoli»  Uck#  d«iJ  jr  cork  and  cam%  did  not 
mmm  oam  wlilt  to  tnway  him*  It  we4  a 
IpNJhr  WCt^^  to  lio  tbifl  serctbc,  cixpI  nnd 
flpB  iMil  |Sit1o<<.<iilirr.  who  by  &lmrp  inqul- 
iitidsi  of  m  irir^t,  luid  tlieii  Ion? 

,  J,  Kurrouuded  by  iU 

» i|«Mr  Ud  uniiktiieaia,  charts  and 
bad  grown  it  last  to  wondrous 
TUerv  be  iftt,  i|uit«?   niotioui^^ia 
ihnmm  Mtk»  flies ;  and,  with  a 
y.      '     '  ^ir  noon  roiirtrmr  of  foH* 
wm  ba  turmng  ot it  tho  IcmTcs 

■TfOfDr  anck  tit  md  t»ttetvd  foiiOj  with 
ft  faiwfiiif  ikrk  ASkd  iihttgy  tA  tbe  bark  of 

3r dd 0^    It •taoeSas  if  enprnntu- 
lot*  WBtrnt  patdi  pvtAln  to  tbi»  graTe- 
_s|  at  ^*"^*^*  f^"*-  ftiresight^ 
.andVoi-  IU.    Old 

matriic  i  i  .  ^  aiH«d  him^ 
1st  to  ha«»  M)«r(«f4>ed  j  jitat  aa  old  dm- 
liHRiiT«»— ^ti  thi  V  l*c  fj|  good  steel— 


I 


I 


I  Sra." 


t;rLs     Vetthongb 
l»  w«a  tbu  ^iHH  tti  bi^hofd, 

Si4'lii>  ars^his  cjfact 

at  tb<-  buw,  tb«  incredibhi 

■■Irtriry  vi  ivian  aoaim^  biiu 

Siii  tiba  jcsv>  (>i  nin  4iUcudar  » liollj,  but 
ate  Uit  jfmtn  of  lapicuco.     Uipi  whito 
I  tnild  bmw^  vpuk^  of  the  Mature 
Ua  ttiwitiMl  to  be 

1  -'oro 

la.,      ,  .. .    even 


M  veil  aa  th£  (iA«t, 
aiVcB  •oQfi'  j«ac«  old  i 


'  pauw  In  all. 
fiaii  wbio  laraipl  i^<  fijH-d  within  tiie 

r,  be  loaf  tba  t.^t  of  all 

1}  liar  fbafli^^bj>'  (aov^  won 

1  lo  bitn. 

fia,  if5t*?fi<  on  bM  frrftmf,  bttrri-ed  and 

iMiati  If  <Y»uriar 

>aiPf  impreaa- 

^(ijoitr,  Wil  jour,  (SI 
u*-  Lzifui  af  iHadiHD^  i  «t^'j 

bat  Inn  hwigr  lo  tmm  ^ 

*  How  do  jroii  dci,  i ■.-.'.,. ^j    .  ,.,t,r,itn,'' 
wHmet 


**  Ah  I  I  EincU  Indian  corn,'*  said  i\m 
Doctor,  tuniing  round  quickly  on  hia 
<'h*ir.  "  A  I'auutryrnnti ;  sit  dnvrn,  my 
gocxl  sir.    Well,  what  ucws?     Sfx?ci*l?" 

**  Wait  a  njinute.  sir,*'  i^aid  Israel  step- 
ping across  tii(9  room  towards  a  chair, 

Sow  there  was  no  c&rpet  on  the  floor, 
which  wa£  of  djirk-oolof^'  wood*  ml  in 
lozenges^  and  slippery  with  wnx.  afkT  the 
u^ual  French  styJe.  As  lj>riiel  walked 
this  »Zjppary  floor,  his  unaccustomo^l  feet 
slid  about  very  strangely,  m  if  walking 
on  ice,  eq  ihiki  ht  came  very  near  f^lltn^ 

'*  Tears  to  me  you  have  rather  high 
becb  to  your  boots,*'  said  the  grave  man 
of  utility^  looking  sharply  down  through 
hb  spwriacles;  **  Lk>n*t  you  kn<[iw  Uiat  it*s 
both  wHhtitig  luather  and  L-ndnTigering 
your  Umb^,  to  wear  Bueh  high  hceli  ?  I 
have  thought  at  my  first  leisure,  to  write 
a  little  pamphlet  aK'^inst  tliat  vi^ry  ahuse^ 
But  pray,  what  wre  you  doing  now  1  Do 
your  hoots  pinch  you,  my  friend,  that 
you  If  It  one  loot  from  the  floor  that 
way  1 " 

At  this  moment,  Israel  having  seated 
him^iclC  wiui  juHt  putting  his  right  foot 
across  his  left  knee. 

''  How  foolish^"  continued  the  wis©  man, 
"for  a  rational  creature  to  wear  tight 
boots,  }l&i\  nature  iutt' tided  rational  creji- 
ttuvs  lihtjuld  ao  do,  ^le  would  have  made 
the  foot  of  psolid  bone*,  or  jwrhaps  of  solid 
iron,  instead  of  bout%  muscle^  and  U&slu — 
But,— laee.    Iloldi^' 

Aud  springing  to  his  own  sllppored 
feet,  the  venvrabb  iogts  hurriod  to  the 
door  and  &hot*to  llio  bolL  Tht-ti  drawing 
the  curtaiu  carefully  ai^raKs  the  window 
looking  out  across  the  court  to  varioo^ 
windowii  on  the  opposite  sido^  bida  Israd 
proceed  with  hm  o|^<iniitonSi 

^'  [  was  mistaken  this  time,"  addod  the 
Doctor,  smiling,  as  Israrl  produced  his 
docunientfi  frt^m  their  curioua  niouaees — 
''your  high  hiH.'[s,  luHtead  of  bcine  idla 
vaniti««,  Jiouni  u^  l>c  full  of  meaning?' 

"  Fpcity  full,  Doctor/*  jsaid  Israel,  now 
handing  ovvr  ihc^  pepcrs,  ^^  1  tmd  a  nar^ 
roir  iioapt  with  thutu  just  now," 

'*  How  I  Ilovv'g  that  ? ''  yud  tho  j^go« 
ftimbUnf;  tlie  papem  eagerly. 

''  Why,  crossing  the  stone  bridgt  tliera 
over  thx*  Strn  " — 

**  Seine  "— inii^rrupte<i  the  Doctor,  giv- 
ing the  Fi-cncJi  pronunciation — ^''Aiwayi, 
get  a  nrw  word  n^ht  iu  tlie  flr«t  plaov, 
uil,  aud  you  will  never  get  it  wrong 

11  ljI  1  wjifi  nroiHitJir  "  ■  ^  —  ^  —  " "^ 
and  whti  ^lioi»ld  hail  nn  i^ia 

looking  m»n»  who,  un'Ui  j -..  ^i^k- 

r^g  to  polii^h  my  houta,  wantcMl  alyly  1^ 


144 


Tmtii  PoiUr  ;   or^  ftft^f   Fm«  rf  ExtU, 


[Aug. 


nnscrcw  their  heels,  und  so  Rt^al  vXX  thcfle 
precious  papers  I*vb  brought  ytJu." 

"ATy  good  friend."  said  the  niftn  of 
gravjij,  glancing  scrutmiifiingly  upon  his 
guest, ''  Imve  yoti  not  in  your  tinjc,  under- 
gone what  they  c*Jl  haH  timi*?i  ?  Been 
set  ufion,  and  perftecuted,  and  very  illy 
entreuttii  by  Bom«  of  your  fellow-crea- 
tures I " 

**  That  I  have,  Doctor ;  yes  indeed." 

^'I  thought  sD>  Sad  usage  has  made 
you  sadly  suspicion*?,  my  honest  friend. 
An  iiidL'icriniinato  distrust  of  human  na- 
ttire  is  the  worst  conse<|ii(in»:^  of  a  miser- 
able condition,  whether  broufiht  about  by 
innocence  or  guilt.  And  though  want  of 
BUEpieion  more  than  want  of  sense,  some- 
times leads  a  man  into  harm  ;  yet  too 
much  suspicion  \^  as  bad  as  too  little  sens^. 
The  man  you  met.  my  friend,  most  pro- 
bably, had  no  artful  intention ;  he  k new- 
just  uothmg  about  you  or  your  heels  ; 
he  simply  wanted  to  earn  two  sons  by 
brush in^  your  boots.  'I'ho^e  blacking- 
men  regularly  stulion  Ihemtielvea  on  the 
bridge." 

'"How  sorry  I  am  then  that  1  knocked 
over  his  l»ox,  und  then  ran  away.  But 
he  didn't  catch  me.*' 

"  How  7  surely^  my  honest  friend,  you, 
— flpliointed  to  the  conveyance  of  import- 
ant secnit  despatches — did  not  act  so  im- 
prudtniLly  as  to  kick  over  an  innocent 
uian'ri  box  in  the  public  stret^is  of  the 
capitsd,  to  which  you  had  beea  egpecia!!/ 
senti" 

''  y t^s  T  did,  Doctor;* 

'*  Never  act  so  unwisely  again.  If  the 
police  had  got  hold  of  you^  think  of  what 
might  have  ensued.'* 

'"  Well^  it  was  not  very  wise  of  me, 
that'n  a  factj  Doctor.  But,  you  stfe,  I 
thought  he  meant  mischief." 

''And  because  you  only  thought  he 
meant  tuischiof,  you  must  straightway 
proceed  tci  d*  mi^hief.  That's  poor  logic. 
But  think  over  what  £  have  told  you  now^ 
while  I  IcKik  over  these  papers. ' 

In  half  an  bourns  time,  the  Doctor,  lay* 
iug  dowti  the  documents,  again  turned 
towai'ds  Israel,  and  re  mo  ring  his  specta- 
cles very  placidly^  proc.'eeded  tn  the  kmd- 
est  and  most  la  miliar  manner  to  read  him 
a  piiternal  d<itadeii  Icsison  upon  the  ill- 
tdvi^d  act  he  had  been  guilty  of,  upon 
the  Pout  Neuf;  (Xtncluding  by  taking 
out  \m  purse^  and  putting  three  small 
silver  coins  into  larael'a  handa^  charging 
him  to  seek  out  the  man  that  very  day, 
iind  mak«^  both  apology  atid  ret^titutiou 
Ibr  his  utducky  mistake. 

*'  All  (if  u*i,  my  honest  friend,"  con- 
ifiitiml  the  Doctor^  ^*  nre  snhjeQl  to  making 


mistakes ;  m  tJiat  the  chief  art  of  Jife,  ii 
to  learn  how  best  to  remedy  mi!^tak^?s. 
Now  one  remedy  for  mistakes  is  honesty. 
So  pay  the  man  for  the  damage  done  to 
his  l)Ox*  And  now,  who  are  you.  my 
friend  ?  My  corresjpondents  here  meor 
tion  3' our  n.^me^Isniel  Putter^aijd  nay 
you  are  an  American,  an  escaiped  prisoner 
of  war,  but  nothing  further.  I  want  to 
hoar  your  story  from  your  own  lips. 

Israel  immediately  began,  and  related 
to  the  Doctor  aU  hm  adventure^s  up  to  the 
presjsnt  time. 

**I  suppose^"  said  the  Doctor^  upon 
Israels  concluding,  **that  you  desire  to 
return  to  your  friends  across  the  sea  ?  " 

'*■  That  i  do.  Doctor,"  said  IsiaeL 

'*  Wc'lL  [  think,  I  shall  be  able  to  pro- 
cure you  ft  passage.'* 

I  srael  ^s  eyes  spark  led  wi  th  deli  ght.  The 
mild  Kige  noticed  it,  and  added.  '*  But 
events  in  these  tiujcs  are  uncertain.  At 
the  prfiSfject  of  pleasure  never  be  elated  j 
but^  without  depresaion.  resjwet  the  omens 
of  ill.  So  much  uiy  hfti  has  taught  me, 
my  honest  friend." 

Israel  felt  as  though  a  plum -pudding 
had  tM!^n  thrust  under  his  nostrils,  mid 
then  as  rapidly  withdraxvn. 

*■  1  diink  it  is  pmbablc  that  in  two  or 
three  d.iyii  I  ^^hall  want  you  to  return  wttb 
some  papiers  to  the  persons  who  sent  you 
to  me.  In  that  ease  you  will  have?  to  come 
here  once  more,  and  then,  my  guod  friend, 
we  will  see  what  can  be  doite  towards 
getting  you  safely  h:>me  again/' 

Israel  ivaa  pouring  out  torrents  of 
thanks  when  the  Doctor  interrupleil  him. 

"Gratitude,  my  friend,  eannnt  be  too 
much  towards  Uud,  but  towanis  man,  it 
should  be  limited,  No  man  can  jjossibly 
ED  serve  his  fellow,  as  to  mcr;t  unbt»unde<l 
gratitude.  Over  gratitude  in  the  helped 
person,  is  apt  to  breed  vanity  or  arro^ 
gance  in  the  helping  one.  Now  in  assist^ 
ing  you  to  get  home^ — if  indeeil  I  shall 
prove  able  to  do  so — ^I  shall  be  simply 
doing  part  of  my  oflicial  duty  as  ag!ent  of 
our  common  country,  So  you  owe  mc  just 
nothing  at  all^  but  the-  sum  of  these  coins 
I  put  in  your  hand  jujat  now.  But  that, 
iuislcad  of  repaying  to  me  hereufler,  you 
can.  when  yoM  get  home,  give  la  the  lirst 
&«jidier*s  widow  you  meet.  DunH  forget 
it,  for  it  is  a  debt,  a  pecuniary  liability, 
owing  to  n;e.  It  will  be  ahout  a  tjuarter 
of  a  dollar,  in  the  Yankee  curit^nc)'.  A 
quarter  i*f  a  dollar,  mind.  My  honest 
fi'iend,  in  pecuniary  matteiT^  alvvavs  be 
exact  mm  sceond-liriml  TitVHrmijiti  with 
whom  it  isj  father  '  |AiisanJ  or 

king,  be  exact  to  a  t  r  liunor/' 

^*  Well,  Doctor^"  said  ifcrael,  **miiceex- 


«■» 


J 


I 


I 


III  iTxr  rciv  twii  nn  (libtm  Uie  ¥er]f'  coins 
m  ?.     lliiTC  wiU  l>e  110 

r:  II.     Thunks  to  my 

r-  riiJ^  i  bftVf  i^noiicjb  to  rtpiir<3 

tii  .    t*i  Mi.'ltlo  daniii;^*H  Willi  llio 

W^LUx  k  4 if  Hie  (irkl^%     I  only  ti>i>k  the 

3fnini  50U.   bwftusc    J    diouj^bt    it 
1  !  i  push  it  iKick  art^r 


i'l  the  Doclor, 
ri  tJeftliag.    1 


I 


*- X<»  mui^Ai,   I*t»ctof,   I  hop*,"  sitid 

tli»  Mge  looked  nitUIIy  over  his  epcc- 
tMiwiipoa  iHm.],  mil  roplit^j.  '^  My  i^ixkI 
tnmd,  ft»T«r  jiermit  vourM-lf  t.i  ^pfcjiHHMW 
ipiB  pcrwTi brr  nmttt-Ts.  Nevtr  joke  at 
ftiatfv!  Ik'  huamesH  transactions. 
tbe  «11  ^  n  114^  Iwu,  you  puHmps 
^Ma  Yi:f>  trniul,  hut  trifkg  niaj  invoNc 
WaOMfllOCUi  |>rnc*ip1(?$;.  But  na  uiofG  al 
ffiMnl  Y'  ■  ler  go  imtuedmtely 
lollM  U>>  K.  Ilaviii^  settled 
wttfi  y&iv  rt  ^  you  w-ilt  find 
ifHMB  Mid  .  'li^  ivheTv  ydu 

vflitay  d*i;..i^  ,t    i.      , rn  b  Parii" 

-  Hut  I  tboiight  I  Kuuli]  m^  to  hate  a 
BttiliMic  rottfMl  the  Lo  wii^  befon^  I  go  back 
|» IhnJinil"  Mid  IsTAcL 

**^"fc#inf*i  Wfon.'  ti!c[i>iir(?^  niy*  friend. 
ir«aiii'  in  your  room, 

|iift  r^  >      I      -i}Cr^  until  you 

^1  '  '  f  i«»Jiu^.     Ni>t  kiiowtng  oQir 

ai  ^nt  I  vhtll  trant  you  to  startf 

jvar  kvi^y^ti'^  tiJ  your  room  L*  imliiipen* 
MJMii.  Hut  irhcn  yritj  cuiuo  tnu^k  frotn 
Bmifftwil  m:!  t  tfnothmg  happens, 

Toa  w»0  lia^  to  turvoy  this  cclo- 

naiad  cant^  !  1 1  fJr  America. 

Mov  00  dirt  !  m  boot-  blaek. 

aaata  y^^   ^m.  «  1^^...  ihango  ready  ? 
L  be  tiyktag  out  all  your  money  in  thi? 


**t>oetQt/*  amid  Iiimd,  ^'I  am  mi  so 

kc<l  over  th«J  boat*" 

f    Iff  a*  brav*?ry.** 

"  ik»visi^  m  a  f^ior  f^t^,  is  the  heif^ht 

d  MnplintT.  niy  frioitd. — i^ouivt  oat  your 

It  Frvucb  eoin,   not 

Ih  I  to  |iAy   iht'  man 

•Ab,  ihni  s\  Ml  li-j^Uio?^!'  Lbrt't  f^inft 

wfli  ha  cnougli*      Put  ihvtn  iti  n  piM^kct 

i  frm^        *     ■'        Mu    Now  go, 


*SWJ  I  .;.., >.  ..  .ucdany  whtre, 

iMor^  as  I  relum  7  I  naMr  Mjjrtst'al  cook* 
dai^  a*  I  eanii  blbirr. ' 

*  Cato  tSKl  roata«r«i]t%  tbdj  aro  callud 
hm%  my  buoaal  (HniiL    Tell  me.  an 


"  ofa  libefmf  hriuaef^ 


t.aro  you 


*'  Not  very  liberal,"  sftid  Umd, 

'*!  thought  as  much.  Wlicre  little 
wine  is  drunk^  it  h  ^kxI  to  dine  init  fM3- 
casionally  at  a  frtend^^ ;  but  w  here  a  |ioor 
man  dines  out  at  bi^  own  chnpec  it  is*  bad 
policy-  NeTer  din*;;  «ut  that  vv:iy*  wboti 
you  can  dine  in,  T>o  n<>t*,(f>puti  tbo  way 
at  all.  niv  honest  friend,  but  come  dir<v!tly 
liftck  hither,  and  you  shall  dine  at  horai^ 
fr**i?  of  cost,  with  me." 

**  lliank  you  very  kindly^  Doctor** 

Anil  Ihrael  departed  for  tbc  Punt  Kcuf. 
SucceetJiuj?  in  his  errand  thitbur.  he  n> 
turned  to  hoctor  Frank  tin,  tnd  found  lliat 
worthy  envoy  waiting  liis  nttpnilnni^H  at  a 
meal,  vrhich  aco<jrdm^  to  the  lloctor's 
custom^  had  been  sent  from  a  nei^bljor- 
ing  restaurant  TJiere  wert  two  covers  j 
and  without  altendmicK  the  hoj^t  ami  fjueat 
gat  down.  Then*  was  only  one  principal 
dish,  hmb  boiled  with  irreen  peas.  Bread 
and  potatoes  made  up  tf  10  rent.  A  din ^i*n- 
ter-like  bottle  of  iinoolorcd  glass,  filled 
with  fjome  uncolored  beverage,  stood  at  the 
vtncrnble  envoy's  elbow. 

*'  Let  me  fill  your  gla^/^  said  the  iiage. 

'^  JVb  whit©  wine,  aint  it  ?  '*  said  Urml 

'*  White  mne  of  the  very  oMej»t  brand  j 
r  drink  yotir  health  in  it,  my  honest 
friend," 

**Why,  it*s  pliiin  water,"  swd  laraol, 
now  tasting  it. 

"  Plain  water  is  a  v^ry  good  drink  for 
plain  men.*'  replied  the  n  ise  man. 

**  YeSi"  said  Inrael,  *'  but  Squire  Wood- 
cock gave  me  perrv,  and  the  other  gen- 
tleman at  White  WaUbam  gave  me  port^ 
and  HO  me  other  friemt^  bavo  gt?en  me 
brandy." 

u  Very  good,  mj  honest  friend  |  if  you 
like  perry  and  port  nnd  brandy^  wait  till 
you  gel  back  to  8<juire  WiMxlii^^k^  and 
Ihe  gentleman  at  SVhite  Walt  ham,  and  tbo 
other  frienii!^,  and  you  ^ball  drink  ]M?rry 
and  port  and  brandy.  But  while  you  ara 
with  me^  you  wilt  drink  plain  water. ^* 

^^  So  it  flecma,  Dact*>r*" 

''  What  do  you  luppuise  a  glass  of  port 
e<wU7" 

**  About  three  pence  Kn^r^inih^  Doctor." 

**Tbat  mujst  b«  poor  yiort  But  how 
inuch  [.^ood  bread  wiU  three  jience  Eng- 
lish nunrlia^i  7  ^* 

**  'hirce  two- penny  rolK  Dtxrtor*' 

**  llow  many  glasses  of  port  do  vou 
suppo!5e  a  man  may  drink  at  a  meal  ?^^ 

^  The  genii  Oman  at  White  Waltliaiu 
drank  a  botUc  at  a  dioiiJifr/* 

"  A  iKillie  contains  Juat  tbuteen  (jlaiant 
— IhatV  thirty -ninit  pence,  auppOHlng   it 
|ioor  wine*      If  «onutliing  of  the  he^t^ 
which  in   the  oii\y  mt\  at\v  f»aiw&  \ua& 
aliotild  drink,  aa  bemg  Cbe  Vii^  vittisor 


onsj  it  wotild  ha  quadruple  that  sttni^ 
which  is  one  hurjclred  and  tlfty-six  ppnce, 
wkich  m  seven tj-eipht  Iwc!^ penny  loaves^ 
Now%  flo  you  not  think  that  for  one  man 
to  swallow  down  seventy-two  two-[>enny 
rolls  at  one  meal  is  rttthur  estnivagant 
boHiness  1 " 

"  Bnt  he  drank  a  bottle  of  wine  *,  he 
did  Hot  eat  seven ty*two  two- penny  rolls. 
Doctor," 

'*  lie  drank  the  money  worth  of  seven ty- 
two  loavos,  which  is  drinking:  the  loaves 
themselves  j  for  money  is  bread  J  ^ 

*•  lint  be  has  plenty  of  money  to  spare, 
Doctor,^' 

**  To  have  to  spare,  is  to  havo  lo  gn?e 
away.  Does  the  gentleman  give  much 
awav?'* 

"Not  that  r  know  of.  Doctor.'* 

"Then  he  thinks  he  haj  nothing  to 
spnre  ;  ruid  thinking  he  has  nothing  to 
Bpari!^  and  yet  prodigally  drinkint^  down 
his  money  as  he  <3tK*s  every  day,  it  eeems 
to  me  that  that  i^nttenjan  stands  self* 
contrjuiiete^i  and  therefore  is  no  good  ex- 
ample for  pi  am  sennible  folks  like  you  and 
me  to  follow.  My  honest  fri«*nd.  if  yon 
are  poor,  avotd  wine  as  a  costly  luxury  ; 
if  you  are  rich,  sliun  it  as  a  fatal  indul- 
geoce.    Stick  to  plam  water.    And  now, 


my  good  friend*  if  yon  are  throtigh  wtth 
your  meaJ,  we  will  rise.  Thi^re  is  no 
pastry  coming.  Pastry  h  porwnGd  bread* 
Never  eat  pastry.  Be  a  plain  man.  and 
stick  to  plain  things,  Now^  my  friend 
I  shall  have  to  tie  private  until  nine  o'clock 
in  tht;  ovL^ning.  when  I  ahall  be  again  at 
your  service.  Meantime*  yon  may  go  to 
your  room*  I  have  ordered  the  one  uoxl 
t0  thiii  to  be  prepared  for  you.  But  you 
mnst  not  be  idle*  Here  k  Poor  Riistiard's 
Almanac,  which  in  view  of  our  Ial0  &m- 
versation,  I  csommcnd  lo  your  eameet 
pmisaL  And  here,  too,  i.^  a  Guide  to 
Paris^  an  Englisli  one,  which  you  eaa 
read.  Study  it  well,  so  that  when  yoa 
come  back  from  England  if  you  should 
then  havo  an  opportunity  to  travel  about 
Paris^  to  see  it^  wonders,  you  wiil  have 
all  the  chief  places  made  historicallj 
familiar  to  you.  In  thin  world,  men  must 
provide  know  Judge  before  it  is  wanted^ 
juBt  as  our  countrymen  in  New  England 
get  ID  their  winter's  fuel  one  gciu>«ii^  to 
serve  them  the  nexL" 

So  mymgj  thij*  homely  sage,  and  house* 
hold  Platn.  showed  his  humble  gue^t  to 
the  door,  and  standing  in  the  ball^  pointed 
out  to  him  the  one  whicb  opened  into  his 
allotted  ai»artment* 


(T0^Oi>iiUjiti«i) 


C  0  K  F  U  C  I  U  8  , 


•*To  wjircb  Ibrthc  principle  of  th1up«,  whkli  ure  reinovwl  ttom  liiimmi  lntellljffini^  ;  U*  Jo  eitrnoriUiiMj 
'h  a|>j»i?9ir  *nit  of  ma  imldre  of  inswi ;  h;  a,  woptl,  t«  pt-ffufin  }»riHlEjji^'^  tn  ufdur  to  |ircicijjrci  arhiilrci-l 
tmd  fi>lbwcF»  in  faturo  Agcii:  thiii  la  trhut  J  ^huulj  n'>t  v;\fh  to  dct," 


ACtltin^,  wlilch  !i\tpvnT  <i 


ALONG  time  ago,  more  than  five  hun« 
dred  years  before  the  birth  of 
Christ,  and  some  seventy  before  So- 
crates, in  the  years  when  the  Jcwg 
were  returning  from  the  captivity  in 
Babylon,  and  the  Greeks  wer*?  reju^lling 
the  armies  of  Xerxes^  a  young  man  ap- 
peared among  tlie  little  feudal  kingdoms 
of  Eastern  ChinzL  Uis  emptuyment  was 
the  teaching  of  Truth  to  men*  He  hod  no 
distinction  of  glation,  or  wealth  to  uid 
hinL  He  lived  among  petty  rival  states,* 
thiit  Ibr  the  Jno^t  part  tlis^wned  hh  ni- 
structionf^,  and  followed  him  with  persecu- 
tions during  his  lifo.  He  jipjokc  of  his  mi^ 
Eioii  at  the  la^t  as  a  failure^  aud  died  dis-' 
coiiriLgufl. 

The  records  of  him  arc  scanty  and 
pLTVLTted  by  the  su per Kti lions  of  early 
titui'H ;  but  tht:y  (ihow  almost  ondc'iign- 
edly,  out  from  tlio  mists  of  antiquity, 


a  simple  and  majestic  lifei  such  a  life 
and  auch  words — the  fit  expression  of 
it — as  have  naturnlly  stampiMi  them- 
selves U|ion  his  country  and  his  |x>opl€i, 
more  than  all  the  conquests  »nd  ejc^iloita 
of  soldiers  or  emperors  Bine(,%  8o  that 
the  simple  preacher  and  noblo  Miu  of 
past  times  Ims  become  identdlcd  almost 
with  the  porionnlity  of  virtue,  and  is  wor 
shipped  as  a  god.  Even  nuirej^--**©  im- 
pressive ftud  ovtrflowinj^  hn^  \hivu  the  tu- 
ilncnoe  of  hh  character,  that  a  notion  of 
three  huudred  millions  ijf  men,  after 
twenty-thrtie  c*?uturtt'!!3,  Ptill  in  Ihe  pct^ 
tie.*^t  detaiU  of  jH>li  ileal  jseiencc  ;iiul  privato 
manners,  roTcre  his  word???  as  the  author* 
ity  which, they  5cek  in  t^m  to  follow. 
Not  Moses,  Mtdioujet^  or  Calviti,  have  so 
imprinted   Ihem^clves  on  tin  ^u 

and  religion  and  formtii  of  :  ,  J«\ 

as    this    Chinese  scholar  lixn,  dunc^  lij 


|iS4] 


Omfiuius, 


T41 


,  mho9it  ilftcrt  he  fieftrc«»}y  lived  to 

It  hfctmipit  depplj  intcrestint:  to  know 
whmi  m  pr^i  m*n,  *  truthful  niau*  so  far 

'im  Ui'    '  "   "     ''         idiout 

^lat  pETabtcfiut  of  hymmn  Uti\     How  tht^ 
I  ^  *wf»jJ  qncjfttiQns,  Why  are  wt? 
>T  ftxidr  Whithpt  uri!  we  gojiig?  were 
iho  ttiNitcil  si-?uiily  Mil,  in  the 

I  tBfik  > 

b    more    '  .'    a-^i   the   word 

Ut   Tin  cat'h   tiny  from   His   coun- 

tliai  the    oorruplioufs    whwh   hove 

WPt-mnil    hia  sjfttcm,    &rc   lieing 

Awny   liy   a   new   tifle  of  hutniiTi 

bt;  mnd  that  hi*  truths,- — ii  resnJt 

*o  e1i%4ly   wlVIhiuiM — urc    htHnj: 

'      '  '  iiLorccompreheii- 

'  rapiti  that  tht» 

f  »«*rtij  uj  ti;iiirr  I'H.'fii  tat"   UMturil  |irt*|»l^ 

I  for  tlie  other. 
E0rii«3'T»SK.  Of  CoNFtTir*,  m  h  th© 
•^  wm*  tjom  551   »*  e„  in 
ifdom    of  t^tt,  in  Shautuni;,  tiii 
pivriiia»  of  t'htfin.     11  tN   Hiuitly 
i  tietii  clblmsrt*Uhe<l   in  former  ttme^?, 
I  rtckonin^  prinro*  in  tltc  line  of  dv- 
■null    nt  htn   hirtK  it  wikR  Tit>t  m   any 
rnk    The  i*!<iial  |)ro«iiKie,H,  which 
fcnc^  f*f  folio  WITS  thrown  alN^ut 
I  of  tb«  founder  of  n   ^t^iigjon, 
liim>     A  vtnguUr  animal  (the 
Sfn,)  tppttftrntly  the  unicwrn,  was  tmmi\ 
ibm    htiwtin    with    a    atone    in    his 
It!  '    h  W1J4  an  inscription,  pur- 

.'1  bib«  Bocm  to  be  lionn 
i>  .ii|i^.  but  vrithotil  a  khig^loiri." 
i-irrv  itt!«i]  in   tti<:<  air ;  au^t  f^TO 
from   a  din  tan  co  came  to  the 
Odciitial  tntufie  tfK>  wan  h<-»ard  in 
BH     In    tfi-'  oTii  Chmi.^N'  lii>itorici^ 
litrifir>  1  liaitiliif  C'htiicj«ian^ 

J  i.  with  ■^piritnil  fftrt*s 

I  national  inKtniuR<rit^,  ! 

to  hif©  prf^wn  ufi  a  Bcrbu:^^  itnd  ;-l^ 

I  Koy^  t3**in|rhtfti1  i5fTeo  then  of  the  i*>l- 

I  tha^of  h'  mfi  oun^plcuayM 

'  to  iwvcTBf)^  the  rit<*«;     At 

J  Itic  i^'Ei-i  "I         ■    ^  ■'■■       ■  '"'"^ 

ttdllOL'U  i 

iNieiirM  to  t  iv^ii- 

mpQB?  t^K^fl     1)>^     :^t   III  ]     (if 

But  inirli  I 


ii    uiT'L^r    to   i^tl    the 
,1   tiiotiop*li»t*i.      At 
,  h£  n4»  ittarric<l  j  a-nd  in  conso- 


qnciice  of  tiifl  nnefuwdng  »dtmty  in  tho 
petty  offloc,  he  was  appomted  inspe^'top 
General  of  Mds  ritid  herds.  Every  thm^ 
Lcr***  Wits  immapi?<l  hy  him  aa  tliorouKhly 
an  it  hail  l»een  in  the  siihordinatfi  place* 
He  neglected  nothm^,  ITr  radt'  over  the 
CO  I  in  try ;  tftikinif  ^vilh  ttie  fanners,  in- 
fftnifiinj:  ihotTi,  ^ttin(^  inJv»rmati<in  a  Wine 
the  peculiar  defvetx  of  tho  m\l  aiid  work- 
ing canefully  at  all  the  dctaiJiU  Ai^icul* 
ture  sprung  up  apitn  under  \m  ear© 
throiigrh  the  ktti^am ;  tuid  large  dintricts 
of  unnsed,  desolate  lands  were  rcfltoro<h 
His  name  was  becoming  known,  and  he 
was  fast  adt^ncin^  in  the  politiral  (*otrrse, 
when  an  event  ncciirn*fl  which  changed 
the  direction  of  hJs  whole  lif^?. 

His  mother  died.  He  linriwl  her  in 
the  Slime  tomb  with  his  father,  with 
e<|nal  marks  of  re.'ipi'ct,  think]n«i:.  contrary 
to  the  Chinese  riiRtom,  that  ''  thf»s«*  whom 
we  have  ulike  loved  in  life,  should  not  Fio 
separated  in  our  respeei  in  denth ; "  an 
innovntifm  in  tlieir  rites,  since  adoptetl  hj 
his  conn  try  men*  He  waf?  only  twenty- 
four^  and  with  a  distinfruisbed  career 
opening' ;  l^nt  he  it  oiwse  abandonwt  all 
public  employment,  and  gave  himself  up 
to  his  jrritT  and  to  ijuiet  menkorie<t  of  her 
dnrin^  three  years.  It  was  the  first  ont> 
look  to  the  thouj^htful  man  into  the  ^at 
Unseen,  and  the  first  sharp  blow  on  his 
heart  lie  never  lost  the  ellects  of  iti 
Every  fieriou^  and  vijroroiw  hfe,  which 
has  taken  holrl  of  Romethin^^  deeyier  th»a 
the  surface  of  thinps,  fiecms  to  be  nalural- 
1)"  preot'de<l  by  f^nrh  years  of  nilenoit 
Mosefi  wa.*  %inon*z  the  slavey  j  ^ti^^ralii 
worked  out  ^ont  thoughts  in  qm*rt  com'- 
pany  with  the  bnrksterK  ;  Luther  biid  hi«i 
N^ltlary  years  of  strupj^hv  and  t>omwell 
spent  his  early  and  mature  life  on  the 
country  farm* 

We  may  well  iup{io«i  tliat  the  yoiiii| 
iofaolar  tn  tbv«a  y«ar§  of  kmelineaa  and 
RorroflTf  quofitloiied  often  of  that  fiomfire, 
unknown  Void^  whither  his  tioloved  one 
harlp>ne.  Was  she  ^till  with  him  ?  Could 
Kha  know  of  hia  love?  Are  the  pcnii 
whie.h  the  f people  worahip  lier  com  pan* 
ions  ?  Wlmt  is  this  mysterious  "  Prind* 
pte  of  Life**  which  the  pbiloBOpherA 
adore,,  and  what  i^  Ik^lh  7 

The  uTiMWCTs  whirh  h«  mado  to  thefio 
queatifjnin^.  m  ^^bownsntwi^iiently  in  hia 
philoiicipl  I  y  M  rii  1  J  i  1  ^  I  Kirt  |i««n  m  wh  con  - 
aemtiod  by  '  oomliitii  i  yet  they 

Swni  to  uv  r;  natural  concluaioni 

-ophy  iiaK  iittaiii*»d  ta  Ijl- 
r  t  h  t"  \  tgf  i  i  of  Christ lani  ty ,  w% 
o&ii  uii  1^  other. 

IliK  :  hta  in  this  thna  of  bit 

mfmw\  Wiiru  la  ah&w  mpeei  to  Iwr  who 


14S 


Cim/ucim* 


[hup 


wa?  ^OTie.  IT(J  Mi  the  ^agueniBS  over  her 
whi>Ie  destiny,  and  jet  tb^  tio  which  binds 
our  huAft  to  the  dead,  pceiiis  almost  the 
only  dcTfttmg  and  dtgnifying  bomi  in  bfe, 
if  suprstition  be  caf?t  anide.  He  studied 
the  old  moralists  of  the  nniion.  land 
foimd  that  tbi»  respect  for  the  dead  pre- 
vailed in  the  purer  times.  He  di*tenniiied 
to  revive  it.  *^  He  constatitlr  urpt*d,'*  says 
one  or  hi*5  biographers,  *'to  tho^  with 
whoui  he  had  occasion  to  qwak,  that  ma% 
being:  that  which  m  most  prceious  under 
the  hciivcn.  all  which  composes  him  is 
worthy  of  the  greatest  respect ;  that,  bein^ 
by  his  nature  the  king  of  tlic  earth,  alt 
which  exists  upon  the  earth  la  submitted 
to  hi^  taws  and  owe,4  him  homap;  and  that 
it  is  in  some  sort  to  degrade  him  from  his 
dif^nity,  and  to  put  him  to  iIip  level  of  the 
brntcR,  to  have  only  indifterence  for  that 
which  remains  of  himj  when  the  breath 
of  lif*»  no  more  animates  bini."  This  re- 
pa  rfi  for  those  who  were  gojie,  fseemed  to 
him  to  connect  the  man  with  his  family 
and  his  race,  and  was  a  pledge  that  he 
himself  should  not  be  forgotten.  It 
cberished  affection ;  and^  in  the  daily 
round  of  low  cares,  it  elevated  bis  nature 
to  stop  a  few  momenta  before  the  imago 
or  memonal  of  the  friend  deceased,  and 
think  of  hi?  noble  qualities,  or  call  up 
a^in  the  tender  love  whkh  the  mould 
and  worm  of  the  grave  eould  not  eat 
awaj»  lie  would  have  the  images  of  the 
lost,  in  the  tnost  familiar  and  pleasant 
placeSj  in  the  garden^  the  doorway  or  the 
inner  home ;  so  that  a.^  men  walked 
arotmd.  they  might  be  prompted  to  emu- 
late the  virtues  of  their  fathers,  and  to 
desirOf  like  them,  to  be  remembered  with 
neverencej  by  those  who  should  come 
after.  And  to  him,  this  love  and  affec- 
tionate wloration  to  ancestors,  i^^med  the 
most  fitting  expression  of  gratitude  or 
worship  to  the  mysterious  **ParNcti*Lt: 
of  Life»"  which  he  vaguely  felt  to  exi^t, 

*'  God}"  said  be  in  a  conversation  later 
in  life,  with  one  of  the  princes  of  the 
country,  to  whom  he  was  explaining  the 
nature  of  sacrifices,  ^^Chano-tv  (God)  is 
the  universal  Principle  of  Life ;  it  is  the 
iruitful  souixje  from  which  all  tbinjjs  have 
flown.  To  give  to  heaven  testimonies  of 
gratitude,  is  the  first  of  the  duties  of  amn; 
to  fsbow  one*s  fself  gratobd  towariis  ances- 
tors, tht*  §econd,  ,  ,  •  Afler  having  satis- 
fied in  m\n^  s^ort,  their  obiigaiion?!  towanis 
Ciu^o-TV,  to  whom,  as  to  ihe  umverml 
pri nei pie  of  all  which  cstistw,  they  {man- 
kiudj  wore  indebted  for  thdr  own  ojsis^t* 
encc,  ,  *  .  .  their  hearts  turneti  to  thoso 
who  had  tranfimitted  life  to  them.    They 


fljfed  fn  their  honor  respectfnl  ceremonieSj 
to  lie  a^  the.  complement  of  th^  ^rwrijice 
offered  ml  em  n!y  to  C  ^i  a  n  a-x  v*"  ( p  2(14 . }  * 
And  again,  "'In  all  w^hicb  I  havi.* ju^t  re* 
called  to  yoilr  majesty,  you  will  com  pre- 
bend witliont doubt^  that  under  whatev- 
er title  one  renders  the  worship ;  whoi'ver 
mmy  be  the  apparent  object  of  it,  and  of 
whatever  nature  be  the  external  ceremo- 
nies, it  is  always  to  Chan*;-tv  that  one 
renders  it,  and  jt  is  Chang-ty  who  is  the 
object  direct  and  principal,  of  the  venera- 
tion." 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  errors  of 
his  followers,  it  rs  very  apparent  that  I  his 
first  prncttcal  direction  of  the  Philosophy 
of  Confucius,  wiis  based  on  a  rational 
reverence*  His  worship  of  ancestors  w 
no  idolatry.  Though  this  one  dcve]t*pi*i 
ment  of  his  piety  Ims  affected  his  nation 
now  for  two  thousand  years,  more  than 
any  thing  which  he  taught  it  was  in  re- 
ality, but  a  single  superficial  exprcis-^ioni 
of  his  system.  This,  durini?  these  yearg 
of  .solitary  thought  and  ftudy,  he  was 
gradually  developing.  Its  features  we 
shall  see  more  clearly  as  we  progress  with 
his  life. 

The  three  years  of  mourning  were  over, 
lie  was  at  once  urgefl  by  the  king  to  re- 
turn to  bis  public  office.  lie  dechned, 
and  continued  to  devote  himself  to  bis 
jitndy  of  the  ancient  records  of  the  king- 
dom'j  the  annals  of  the  ^  golden  ago  "  of 
the  monarch v,  who^e  simple  manners  »nd 
humane  spinthe  perhaps  already  thontdit 
to  revive  agum.  His  pursuits  weren^^w 
evidently  pointing  to  the  future  busini 
of  his  life ;  yet  he  continued  to  practise' 
himself  in  all  the  accomptishments  of 
man  of  the  world.  In  music,  for  which 
he  had  an  enthusiastic  lovej  in  the  sci- 
ence of  etiquette  ;  in  the  use  of  arms  %  in 
arithmetical  practice  and  nicety  of  wnt- 
ten  composition — all  essentials  eren  then 
of  a  gen  Oilman's  cflu  cation  in  China — he 
became  sufficiently  versed.  During  this 
period  he  visited,  for  a  short  lime,  u 
neighboring  court  at  the  urgent  reqiicst 
of  the  prince,  to  assi.^t  in  some  neefled  n>- 
fornis ;  but  returned  soon  to  liie  kingdom 
of  Lou,  to  decide  on  bifi  future  couri 
Hi*  withdrew  himself  from  all  associate%, 
and  wcif^hed  the  stibject  ciirefuny.  They 
were  the  old  qucKtions  with  tlie  young 
man,  ''  The  world  is  o[ien — what  am  [ 
fitted  for?  What  is  my  plnce?  Shall 
I  livf  for  time  or  the  long  future  T  for 
the  common  weal  of  p:oui!,  or  my  owit 
narrow  good  ?  '*  It  was  dj^cided^  as  somo 
few  in  all  agesi  decide  it  To  bis  iriends 
earnestly  remonstratiog  againsit  \it%  thuA 


ht 

S4^^| 

in 


est 


*  Coufliditt^    M«ixL<»tr6&  iJa  CblnoU— ^oL  11, 


nu.j 


Otm^€h», 


140 


if  opporl*!- 

:   "  Put  an 

ta  jt>ur  fnuoUj?.irftiit'*.^s.      Tbry  will 

Bt  is  int*ii 

(Alur  lAiji]iv,iii  \uiKh   I  mil  rfiftrg]tHl 

Tbe  j<Miiig  •cholar  I1114  ehoiicn  th«?ii  the 
U|^Me»llliif  I  btb  to  be  th^  FjTL^nclii^r 

Mtt  aprtied  ad  a  Ijisetani.     All  i^crt^  M^ct- 
-joutir^   ntul   olil,  rich  and   jjoor, 
»*  «i  WUh  th«K'  III!  kc- 

aivl  _  ii">n  mom  Is,  hiatory, 
lifiocmiiy  tlve  prjuotirci  utukr  thvir 
^  _  Ictnf^s  of  <jM,  Yaq  mid  Ctivn, 
HTbrtlirr  llie  fibilaisopber  IrariKft^rtfU  hm 
$n  \t*zh  \f\«^h  t«  thfttm  (Urn  elmr*cti*r*t  of 
Ikt  |r^  it,   under  ihe  prott«- 

Hoft  *  t  riith^  which  belong 

Id  &I1  truly  found  in 

IkoB*  ;  i^J»  not  ck'urly 

^mtmtiu  J  ru'  Ml.  kUL  l*tjctriiw**  benoo- 
■rtt  bc«9£iii?  hijj  text }  und  then,  twenty- 
Ant  cefiluri«tt  ft^o.  even  tis  now.  the 
|im^  IMortiitr  r<  midO  the  Pr(?svtvl  corru  pt- 
•i  ittd  licigoiiisr^tcci,  und  klKih.nt  to  r^yse 
wn  to  tbt  ideal^  wbii'h  ftlwjiyg  hovers 
in  tll«  iB«UfH3».  dtli<^  of  the  future  or  Uio 
PM^i  to  Lhis  kaRun  eouL  Thc^  fumu  M»oa 
lltrniiKli  Uw  neigb boring  (jcoples 
^rvtl  letdier  mnioog  tbirn.  Tho 
occupied  by  the  Empire  of 
i  si  that  tiTne  held  by  a  tmnv* 
r  of  petty  kinj^fioms,  some  appurctitly 
at  mnd  iKnnt«  Iribut^ry  to  the 
C\iurc.  From  one  of  ihvse 
amri^      '  f  the  Prince  of  Tsf,  entoe 

I  m-  iliJiJ  new  philoMjjjhcr^  to 

OfVtMnti  oflbo  govern  men  t  an^l  ;3ii>|>k- 


Uafodiaii  ;,---■».?  ■ 

f   »■'-''   hia  objiKit 

tasfiffortti 

f^lef  to  the 

Mma  of 

, . ,  ^s  wit|1  is 

iDMftHWli 

Un  the  jour* 

My  IIk^  i^' 

.  nly  on  nn  un- 

fyrtc:                    iiUiut 

to  comniit  fiuicide. 

tlir\                    '.Tti,  nrvl  ri^k    hii*  rettS4»n» 

[ 

'   liCKHi  01  n? 

h  jigenient ; 

1:^  U-k^  h&  ui 

jL  thu»,     Con- 

Ibaafv  ki  &  dj' 

'  criMtic   Rpiivtu 

^iMmiai  btm  i  ny-^u- 

hid  he  bml 

■iHilfiiifl liji  > 

■;  lh«t  he 

riSllft  Iram  to  I19  >  coiujiMm  uian  licforo 

k  OMld  be  A   MtfC,'' 

arid  that   '*  no  one 

*  bid  ttfa,  klioiiid  «T<i?r  despair. ^^ 
Wfti  r«o»ivvd  al   iiuA  muri  in  a 

vOy  niftiin-i     «.ilJ   ^f..'Tjt  ft  y^-sir    in 
nlB  fcir  I  '  and  rvrtving 

I  "Anri'.      i  rcople,  how- 


those  in  the  sifniospln^re  of  the  oourl,  and 
At  the  clow?,  the  reformer  pre("!ire<l  lo  le- 
tum  to  bis  own  country.  Ttic  rrincc 
oHereil  him*  as  a  reward  for  bis  kbf*rs. 
tbij  pift  of  a  ^*  town  of  the  third  ordtT/ 
whirh  bo  dedinedj  unleiss  his  proj'  i-ijii  of 
rcjforni  were  adopted*  At  thi««  pcritxl,  iind 
on  two  otlier  opcaiiiona  only  of  his  lifc^ 
are  miraculous  powers  related  of  him,  all 
fiimilar  in  revualing  a  ppecies  of  iiiHpired 
judgtnent  or  wm  clairvoyiihce.  A  ni- 
mor  was  {spread  through  the  rourt^  that 
onij  of  the  old  imi>en(d  fjalaces  w^as 
burnt.  Confucius  at  once  di^sii^iated  a 
particular  one.  On  bein|^  askefl  why  he 
formed  this  opinion,  he  an  s  vie  red  llmt  it 
was  the  palace  of  an  Emperor^  once  noto- 
rjon.^  for  his  crimes — and  he  supposed  this 
the  ju<i^nent  of  Heaven. 

A  c«jurier  who  arrived  soon,  condrmed 
preci^-ely  the  opinion  of  the  sage. 

What  be  himself  thought  of  i^nperna- 
tural  (lowers,  and  miracuJoua  signs,  can  bo 
B&*eu  in  the  fulluwing.  as  well  m  in  the 
word^  alreaily  quoled  at  the  he^d  uf  this 
article. 

PROGNOSTICa, 

"  All  these  prognostics  wilh  which  one 
amuses  men  ;  all  these  arguments,  good 
or  bud,  wliich  one  draw«i  from  eirtain 
events,  are  prfsag«s  which  it  only  holds  to 
man  to  torn  to  his  pro  fit* 

''  Yes,  these  pretended  nipis  of  diiiiistcrj 
of  calamity  and  mis  fortune^  can  becom<3 
fruitful  source*  of  happtnes^s,  proNfmrity 
and  glory  j  tbeae  pret^^nded  au|;ui  ics  of 
goods  to  desire,  c^m  L>e  followed  by  evils 
the  most  to  fear*  U  is  iji  tfie  power  of 
man  to  oonduct  himsdf  well  or  \ll  and  it 
18  on  his  conduct*  good  or  bad,  that  will 
result  his  prosperities  or  di^rAoe&  h(.sba|v 
piness  or  unbappmeKH,  intle}H«ii(/aitly  of 
i]l  prognostics  and  all  auguries, 

*^  Do  not  doubt,  bire^  the  good  aud  bad 
gOYemment  of  sovereigns  are  omens  more 
«urv  of  happiness  or  unlmpptne,s&  thao 
the  moiit  extraordinary  events  in  the  order 
of  nature." 

The  preacbers,  the  wise  men  of  those 
time*  seem  to  have  been  allowed  a  certain 
f feedo tn  at  t be  co ur t«.  A ;?  e x jie r ie need  in 
human  imture,  tbt^y  were  frequenily  in- 
vited to  take  (>art  temporarily  iu'  the 
government ;  and  so^  accepting  none  of 
th«  proliia^  they  could  sometimes  rvdrea& 
i\m  abuiMM  of  public  ofHoi.^^ 

Confucius  iNJil  Tiiaied  itje  ImfiermI 
CourC^  mott)  iSpedlJIjf  with  the  view  of 
studying  the  b^  oti^monia]  and  of  seeing 
bow  the  highest  of  the  rriuces  atimini»- 
tcrvd  the  nU.'tt,  The  truthful  courtesy 
Aad  humi4uty  of  hiia  UtAhtig  won  hJin 


Cmfimm, 


[Awg. 


* 


Fripnds  from  ettry  party.  He  n^cpjvctJ 
the  tuvnors  itiodcslly,  and  to  a  spluiidtd 
etrlopum  on  him^'lfj  repeated  to  htm,  he 
repljeii,  *'  It  is  extravagAnt.  I  do  not,  in 
any  wfiy,  deserve  it.  One  eon  Id  content 
hiin^df  with  Siiytng,  thftt  I  make  a  i title 
nnisie.  lind  strive  to  fail  in  none  of  the 
riu^s." 

In  the  midst  of  the  Bplendor,  he  £poke 
ertTV  where  of  the  j^implc  manner^  of  the 
early  kingr^  aud  uttered  the  words  upon 
gOvt*nimerit  and  the  idejils  of  man's  char- 
aett?i\  vrhkh  bis  people  e^ea  yet  repeat 
with  admiration. 

THE   PEKFECT  MJLN* 

**  tt  is  onh'  in  all  the  universe,  the  man 
soverei^ly  holy,  who  by  his  feeulty  of 
knou'ing  at  bottom  and  of  comprehending 
perfectly  the  pritnitite  laws  of  living 
beiiigr^.  is  worthy  of  jxJsseKsing  sOTcrci[ni 
ftulhcirity  and  of  commanding  men  j  who. 
by  his  faculty  of  possesstDg:  a  soul  great, 
mai^immiuouk^  anable  and  sweet,  is  capa- 
ble of  possessing  the  power  of  spreading 
abroad  benefaction  with  profusion;  who 
by  his  fiLculty  of  having  a  skjuI^  devatcd^ 
flrm.iTnpertuVbable  and  constant^  is  capabia 
of  making  justice  and  equity  rule  ;  who, 
by  his  faculty  of  being  always  honest, 
simple,  ?rt**ve  and  just,  is  capablu  of  draw- 
ing to  himself  respect  and  veneration. 

*'  Let  this  man,  sovereignly  holy,  once 
appear  with  his  virtues,  his  powerful 
fttcnlties,  uml  the  pcoploH  will  not  fnil  to 
testify  to  him  their  veneration  ;  let  him 
Bpt.*ak.  and  the  peoples  will  not  fail  to  have 
faith  in  his  words  j  let  him  act  and  thts 
peoples  will  not  fail  to  be  in  joy,  *  *  * 
Every  where,  where  vessels  and  vehicles 
can  rCBich,  where  Ihe  forces  of  hnman  in- 
tluftry  can  j>cnetrate.  in  all  places,  which 
heaven  covers  with  \tk  immense  roof^  upon 
oil  pointii  which  the  eaith  inctoscSj  which 
the  sun  and  tnoon  enlighten  with  their 
ray«,  which  the  dews  and  mints  of  morn- 
ing fertilize:  all  human  beings  who  live 
nnd  who  l»reathe  cannot  fail  to  love  him 
and  revere  him*'^  1*JG. 

QOQU  QOVKHBfAIKXT* 

**  A  prince  who  wishes  to  imitate  the 
good  adiuiiiiistjation  of  the  ancient  kiiig'^ 
ought  to  choose  minist*.*rs  after  his  own 
B*!ntiments.  always  inspirotl  by  tue  pub- 
lic good.  For  his  sentiments  to  have  al- 
ways the  publk?  jrood  for  motivt,  heou|:ht 
lo  conform  himself  to  the  great  law  of  du- 
ty ;  nnd  that  great  law  of  duty  ought  to  l*e 
lookinl  for  in  kummiily^  that  bL<aatiful 
Tti'tue  of  the  htiiirt.  which  in  the  principle 
of  love  for  all  men ''— 8T, 

P/vrmuiilv  Uf  this  time^  the  most  popu- 


lar philosophy  in  China,  had  l>een  that  of 
the  Ha tiona lists  under  Laoe-tse  (or 
Laltts/.),  Their  system  was  an  abstract  j 
quietistie  system;  reoonmaending  solitude ^ 
and  roflection  as  the  best  means  cf  eleva*- 
ting  the  human  spirit;  and  teaching  an 
astx^do  life  m  the  sure  mode  of  erentnally 
uniting  the  soul  with  the  snpreme  inef- 
fable Reaison,  In  the  pure  form  the  phi* 
losophy  never  gained  a  hold  over  the  peo* 
plL' ;  in  later  times,  it  became  the  grOB^e^ 
and  wildest  of  Chinese  fiupcrstitioti^P 
While  at  tlie  court.  Confucius  took  &n 
opportunity  to  visit  Luut-^K.  The  old  phi- 
losc>ptjer  was  living  in  a  retired  place,  and 
hardly  deigned  to  rccogiiize  liU  visitor* 
He  at  length,  however,  o}K?ned  the  con- 
Torsation  with  a  severe  rebuke  to  the 
young  reformer  for  his  ambition  and  jxib- 
licity.  Uf  the  scholar  he  said,  ''  if  the 
times  and  circumstances  are  fa^orablen  he 
must  profit  by  them,  if  not,  he  must  re- 
iirv  and  keep  himself  tranquil,  without 
em  bamu^aing  himself  with  what  others 
do." 

'"He  w*ho  possesses  a  treasure,  conceals 
it  with  care,  lest  it  ho  taken  from  him. 
The  truly  virtuous  mnn  makes  no  parade 
of  his  virtue,  *  *  *  *  This  is  all  I  have  to  « 
say — make  as  much  of  it  a«  y*yvt  please.'' 

Confucius  l>cing  asked  what  he  thought 
of  Lauti45«.  *<aid,  "l  have  seen  a  dnt^on,** 
The  systems  of  the  two  were  essinitiAlly 
op]^>a$ite3$ }  for,  more  and  more  the  younger 
was  showing  liimseif  especially  the  prac- 
tical philosopher  of  his  da)-.  With  the 
jpr&^i  of  a  strong  mind  ami  with  a  seajcli- 
mg  skuplicism  and  honesty,  he  threw  ^'iide 
all  the  ui^ua!  superstitions  of  the  best 
minds.  He  would  not  even  palm  off  hm 
secret  dreams  and  aspirations  as  a  reli- 
gious creed.  Whatever  vague  ideas  of  a 
''  Principle  of  Nature  '*  or  '*  Supreme 
Ileason  ^*  he  may  have  had,  he  never 
thought  it  worth  his  while  to  utter.  Of 
a  GotJ,  or  a  future,  he  never  spoke*  They 
may  have  been  in  his  inner  souk  blissful 
hopea  to  him ;  but  he  did  not  find  ori> 
deuee  enough  of  either*  to  dartj  to  teach* 
He  only  sludied  the  present;  the  relations 
of  men  to  one  another,  and  the  jiecuhar 
nature  of  I  fie  bouI;  and  hia  conclusion, 
urged  through  a  long  life,  is,  that  the 
health  and  life  of  the  soul,  its  object  and 
itH  happiuesSj  is  principally  and  csjiedally 
m  its  huuumity — in  Lovk. 

Being  sick  on  a  certain  cccaeion.  Tscc- 
LOL\  a  disciple,  begged  him  to  permit  his 
disciples  to  address  their  pniyerH  in  hia 
behalf  to  Ihe  spirits  and  the  genii,  **  I4 
that  suitable?"  said  the  Philosopher, 
Tseu*  loo  answered  with  respect,  '^  That  1 
iujtable.     It  is  »aid,  in  tlie  book,  entitll 


Conftimui.^ 


hmi,  ^rtif lii  TOUT  ^rmm  to  th?  spir- 
its mi jMtB  on  iiifli  iiii4^  b«]aw.^  ** 


!  mrit 


■!,  "Thepratf* 
-?«,«  p.  150, 

:,.  ;,  -that  1 

>w  iH»»tli  ?"  p.  ITi 
^n«  in  fiAtiirPv  which  Ig 
t^iKib.  cftlj  tip  soiuff  longitigs  or 
L*  of  ihw  own  futtiri**  in  bim  only 
•d  r«fiectk)ns  on  the  truths  ho 
B«  stood  ono  day,  mimmgly 
ml  ft  rtiuning  ft  roam,  tmtil  hk 
\  wHh  him  ftuknl  him  why  he  did 
D9  «ATirc«*ed  it]  ftmwtr,  that  mti- 
irlticii  the  mrmjikg  wtler  ftcems  in 
tM  aipei  10  niak^  od  tht*  inind^-4he  scn^ 
•f  €to^/«itfou:rr(^^,  "  S<i.*''  R^iid  he.  ''  has 
Ife  '^AlseifDt  (lortriiic*  Howf^l  from  one 
M  to  •oother,  ftud  wrilj  tbw  for  ercr^ 
/mp  but  Mp  it  oo,  L«t  us  not  he  wise 
ir  4iqfwh<!i  ftJone  i  btit  R>r  others.^^ 

iftrptbrr  tmvH,  he  *|-nin  m- 
llo  bcitL      '  Trt  dreaded  th© 

iOt  locfagr.  ati' :  <   etery  way  to 

hre»  \ll^  to  d(*p«j-L  Tbi:y  Tit  tetV^h  mc- 
1  ill  indiy^^riif  ih*  prince  to  nppoitit 
V'  hf  Vm'Iow   his 

mi  TL'nd  him.    He 

pi'  1  it  faith- 

1  di?*i*iples 
ip.  fi.i  lii.  insiiHtiMij^y 
MhI  ft  OMm:  I    him.   to  re f I] no  an 

«flc»  whcie  ;Jd   bi5   n*!iUy  tiscful, 

manif  bxmfiMi  it.  was  lien«aih  hhn  in 
wtJk,  While  at  the  roiirt,  a  courtier  of 
IDcbinirbT  M^  in  pfncc^  wished 

I091IB  bisn  i''ro»t£i  ftud  sml  him 

urn  pro«iii  ^jI  ric«,  thrn  ftlmoii  the 
mmmf  mmSmm  of  iht^  roifntry-  It  won  Id 
l»  m  mmuA  oflenoe  r>    '  -  us«gi?  to 

■Mi  il  fcadi,  ftod  H'^  r^onfuduB 

ffatT^wtlm  it  amont:  tlv  jH.nr;  mforminj; 
lis  p«»t  nin  pj|it«ly  of  the  hrt     Thi^ 
*na  th«j  i;:f!ninno  courtesy  of 
in  ono  *if  thy  ino<t  r«nark'abl« 
aoi  t^jc  ittory  trf  hi«  life.     Beyond 
Oonfudni  is  i\ve  gimt^ 

Xki  ikljokry  and  pnbtencxji  of  hi  a  ooiin* 
,  14  ihofm  oootinnally  In  itj<a  ind- 
I  ocnirt^net^  of  hi^  Vxtt^  it  mo<st  ex~ 
in   an  ftpT   when  the  Jvw* 
lly  bait  and  when  the 

k»  wMchane- 
liriwil  by  nflmx  •  >  n  u4  !j  I  f  >•  »<  t  s  bed .  Thetv 
li  ft  tPtfvliar    nmt^  of  h^hitj^^  a  car^- 


miv  \mlu 


and  a  di^h'cacy  of  injtmn^llle  wnsiitivi^nwii 
of  men  even  in  extcrunls,  whieU  v^a  IiAto 
always  supposed  the  prodnet  of  an  old 
eivibzation^ 

Conftidus  has  eren  more-  Tht?re  i"?  an 
innate  respect  in  htm  for  man,  as  mnn  ^  a 
complete  self-control  over  potty  sclfifth- 
nesjaof?  until  the  offices  of  a  generou^i  cour* 
te^y  l>f<>om©  habits  which  esij)ecially  con- 
stlttite  hiip  tbe  "gentlemnn." 

It  is  retated  in  the  Philosophical  Con- 
versations^ that  ^'  wh<?n  be  saw  any  one  m 
gmniients,  or  wearing  the  cap  and  rok?  of 
a  niagiBtmte.  or  hltnd.  ercn  if  he  were 
young«?r  than  himself,  he  ro«©  at  hia 
approach*  Or  if  lie  passed  bt?fofv  him 
sitting,  the  philosopjhcr  accelerated  bis 
steps*  When  he  met  a  person  wearing 
garment*?  of  mourning,  he  sn luted  him  by 
descend injcj  from  his  chariot."' * 

He  pre^crreii  bis  indcpimdence  in  hit 
associntions  witii  the  CHiurts ;  and  i^eldom 
[^nve  tlirect  offence,  from  the  skilfnl  use 
which  he  made  of  this  Khiwid  of  etiquette* 
II iR  instructions  on  manners  and  piints  of 
potite  custom  are  the  most  minute  possi- 
ble ;  and  form,  in  our  view,  the  most  Uti- 
worthy  feature  in  h%%  writiuf^. 

The  most  trivial  instance  is  the  fallow- 
ing description  by  bis  biographer : 

MAKITERS. 

*'Wheii  Confnetns  mounted  upon  his 
chariot  he  held  himself  j^tan^hng.  holdini^ 
the  reins  in  bis  bands,  When  he  held 
himself  in  the  middle^  he  did  not  look  bc- 
himli  nor  spteak  without  a  grave  molive  \ 
he  pointed  itt  nothing  with  the  end  of  his 
linger. 

^'  When  he  entered  under  the  f^ateof  th^ 
palace  ho  l.K.<nt  the  borly^  as  if  th^  pilii 
had  not  been  hifth  enough  to  lei  him  pass. 
He  did  not  stop  in  passtng  under  the  gate, 
an<)  in  bis  walk  he  did  not  sully  the 
threiihold  with  his  feet.  In  pasang  be- 
fom  the  throne,  his  countenanco  changed 
suddenly ;  bts  walk  was  grave  «nd  niea- 
sared,  li  if  he  bad  ^Iter*.  His  wonis 
ftpMftr«d  ift  fBlbftnwtad  mi  his  feet 
Takmir  his  rohc  with  hts  two  haitdi,  bo 
mounl«<l  thujc  into  the  ball  of  the  palaoft, 
hiat  body  mdined,  ftnd  h«  hdd  \t\^  breath 
ii  If  M  bftd  aol  di^  k»  bn  utbt*.  In 
(^ain^oQlr  aflerhavfaf  made  a  ftU'^i  be  rd- 
tmxed  little  by  little  his  y^rave  and  r^pect* 
fal  countenance,  and  tcx^k  a  smiltni^  air; 
atidf  whea  be  foacbc<l  tho  foot  of  tbi 
stan-f  letting  bis  robe  Cill  again,  \m 
stretched  out  an#w  bis  arms  bke  ibe 
wing«  of  a  bird ^  and  ia  rtpaimiir  agaia 
before  tbn  throne,  bisootttitenanceehanged 
again,^  kc*  4e. 

Hit  dtaoiplcs  Tcmcm&trftiti^  ^Cb.  \i^asi 


152 


CQnfU€iU9. 


[Aug. 


for  m  much  attention  to  etiquette.  Jle 
replied  tlmt  he  had  an  o>iject ;  he  dt'sirprl 
to  cImrjKe  the  pal  act*  of  thiR  crovTd  of  do- 
notliinj"! and  Ikzicb  \s\\o  disgrace  it.  They 
W&t<^h  Gi*ory  tnovpincnt  and  ho  did  not 
wish  to  give  them  evfn  the  ilighteit 
means  of  tr?[ipm|!^  Ijub.  Besides,  he  arged, 
**  princes  are  fniliers.  and  subjects  should 
be  like  respect Tnl  sona." 

Ho  employed  thesia  rulos  of  mannora 
sometimes  for  his  ovrn  purpose  of  giving 
a  IeJ^<(ou« 

At  a  pTuid  dinner  in  tlie  palace*  he  tras 
seen  en  tins'  thi?  grains  of  the  table  before 
the  fruit,  an  oflcnec  probably  like  Unking 
soup  last  in  our  day.  Of  course  a  uni- 
Tursal  j^mtie  |>assed  among;  the  ctiurt^ers 
at  Ibis  blutjder.  The  king  suspected  that 
there  was  sonie  purpose  in  it,  and  tin  ally, 
in  a  Tery  polite  manner,  called  bis  atten- 
tion to  it.  He  replit-H],  by  a  ford  bio  dis- 
eour^  which  no  one  could  help  regard- 
inj^.  on  the  defective  political  economy  of 
the  kingdom  which  had  neglected  the 
great  supjwrt  of  man^tbu  ^ainis  for  the 
m6re  delicacies*  the  fruits — and  that  he 
thus  wished  to  show  his  preference. 

On  nuother  oocasioDT  a  prinoo  of  disso- 
lute chara<^ter  sought  to  gain  the  ogun- 
tenance  of  the  severe  moral  ij^t  to  an 
nnwur  in  which  he  was  involved,  think- 
ing thu!^  tr>  escape  the  censure  of  the  peo- 
ple. Accordingly,  by  an  act  of  unusual 
courtesy,  the  philosopher  was  invited  to 
the  private  apartments  of  the  palace^  to 
converse  with  the  courtesan,  a  woman  of 
conspicuous  bcautr.  Be  could  not  refuse 
and  ri.^tam  any  inlluence  over  the  court, 
but  he  came  J  and  according  to  the  strict- 
est Oriental  rule,  dirl  not  raise  his  eyes 
or  utter  a  word  in  her  present*  5  so  that 
she  at  length  retired  abashed  from  before 
tbo  grave  mnn. 

There  is  something— -one  cannot  avofd 
the  reflection  even  with  &U  allowance  for 
Oriental  usage— of  pettiness  in  this  skill 
iu  the  courtiei-  etiquette.  Dnt  it  must  bo 
remembered,  with  this  nicety  of  bree<Jing 
Confucius  united  the  boldness  of  the  cen* 
sor,  and  the  most  conipletc  mdependence 
of  life. 

In  an  age  of  concubinage  and  to  a  dis* 
solute  prince,  hear  this  ad  rice  :  ^'  Clothe 
yourself  in  your  garments  of  ceremony y" 
gaid  the  phito^pher;  '^go  before  your 
future  spouse  to  conduct  her  in  aH  the 
apparel  of  your  grandeur  to  your  palace  I  '* 

"  You  make  much  of  it^- ^  said  the  kjng^ 
laughing. 

''It  is  not  too  much,'*  reptied  Oonfuciu% 
**for  tlse  action  most  important  in  life. 
The  alliance  that  two  persons  of  dilfcrcnt 
names  contract  rvcalls  them    to    their 


primitive  origin ;  it  givefi  them  the  same 
ancoi^try  ;  it  places  them  untler  tlso  imme- 
diate tutelage  of  tiie  spirit?4  of  ihe  earth 
who  watch  over  f^ene rations  ;  it  is  th« 
Bymb(}l  of  heaven  smd  eaitb.  whom.'  union 
produces  at!  ihin;:s ;  it  brings  them  hcht 
to  the  Divine  Spirit," 

"What  is  the  secret  of  povemTng?*' 
inquired  the  prince*  ^^ Rectitude.'*^  said 
the  philosopher ;  «nd  on  being  a.^ked  to  do- 
tine  it.  he  answeied,  '*I  tmilersijind  by 
rectitude,  that  quality  of  mind  and  heart, 
which  puts  him  who  posscisses  it.  into  the 
happy  disposition  not  only  of  imtigining 
not  h  i  n  g.  dcsl  ring  nothing,  0  f  do  i  1 1  <;  nothiuf , 
which  is  contrary  to  the  light  of  Tt^ason,  and 
to  the  general  and  particular  good  of  sod- 
ety  J  but  of  thinkings  willing  and  acting  in 
any  circunitstanceS)  conformably  to  thoise 
lights ;  proposing  the  real  advantage  of 
the  common  interest  over  his  own  in- 
terests, without  wishing  to  make  an  illu- 
sion with  one^s  self,  or  seeking  to  impose 
on  othene," 

He  was  at  this  time  made  Primu  Minis- 
ter of  Jugtioe.  The  first  act  of  bis  ad- 
mintstration  was  U^  cut  ofl'  the  head  of  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  oonrtier^j  a 
man  of  notoriously  bad  influence.  An 
envious  plotter  at  court  tried  to  break 
his  hold  over  the  mind  of  the  prin*^,  by 
sending  some  actors  to  represent  the  moat 
alluring  and  obscene  plays  t>eft7re  him. 
The  minister  at  once  ordered  tbt*m  to  be 
imprisoned  and  executed,  as  brenkuig  tlie 
great  moral  law  of  the  empire.  Uf  the  af- 
hce  of  judges  he  satd^  *'  It  is  their  duly  to 
punish  the  guilty,  but  in  pimishing  them. 
they  ought  to  make  them  understand  ihat 
they  love  them,  and  tliat  they  would  be 
glail  from  the  bottom  of  their  hearts,  if  it 
was  in  their  power  to  dispense  with  pun- 
ishing them  without  invading  justice/' 

His  administration  throughout  waa 
stern  and  prompt,  and  be  was  enabled  iu 
the  counse  of  it  to  put  a  stop  to  an  impor- 
tant rebellion. 

Many  rastances  of  bis  skili  and  justieo 
are  related.  Some,  in  their  ingenuity,  not 
unlike  Solomon's  judgment  with  the  two 
mothers.  The  kingdom  flouriijhed  under 
him  J  and  the  name  of  the  phjlost>pher  Iks- 
gan  to  lna  reverenced  tliruugh  all  the 
neighboring  courts*  The  resignation  of 
this  ministry,  waa  effected  by  n  mther  re*' 
markable  device,  A  in  '  .-  rival 
prince,  wishing  to  upset  :.  ^o  fa- 

vorable to  the  prosper jry  ni  i,.iL ,  tried 
every  parhamentujy  or  courlier*hke  meanar 
but  in  vain;  until  he  hit  on  t^  '  '  -^  ^t 
sending  a  deputation  of  the  mi  il 

danciDg  girlis  in  the  empire.    ..^ 


Qmfunm. 


153 


I        ^^' 


or  cftn^'TTiiti'M^  t^mild  with- 

tlwcn.      Pialiiica,    c*?onotnyj  new 

of  reetliude  tnd  p:»>v<fnnng  were 

to  tlwr  wijid,   •!  m\ihi  of  the 

GifttSf  tn«1  ttio  minister  of  ju&- 

rrUffvl  in  di$4guj<i      la    his    ptam 

dfmwn  hy  bullorkK  luvl  witli  htH 

now  aoitftt^it  di»ci|ileis  he  cr^msbd 

lo  t^  kui^orn  c»f  OpcL    The  king 

fafm  witli  gmat  honors  i   m^% 

Ipadaooie  |it«^ntJi  jiqiI  ]e»ve  htm  » 

)  iMt  ii«f«r  hifftkv  of  ipfminiing  him 

The  old  difficulty  being  in  Ihe 

tbe  courts  The  king  could  m*t 
fifc  n|»  hia  anlAwful  aTttount^  Some  of 
tit  wiivr  men  twsoug^U  ihe  prince  lliit 
Otafttmif  fbould  be  pbeed  at  the  hi^S  of 
iMfiL  Mid  th*  reforaiM  b«gin.  The  &&me 
M  nfi/t  iriiJch  eimjjenrmiism  m«kos  m 
itt  ^ttt     Thm  la  quka  now ;  roforms 

oqI^  dUiurb^      *^l  do  not  lova 


.Jk0U»  thfi  fsfonner  md  prcuher 


left 

•miMlg  Ihe 

Lt]c«  tli«  p^t  teAiiheri  of  all 

,  Im  w%*  mo^h  with  tintun?,  baming 

aad  HMtmetin^  as   lie  vratkott  over  the 

eMSitiT.     la  hwjiiiniey  to  ih*?  kingdom 

«f  Eijij  bU  pari  J  were  atUnked  bj^  the 

pttm^B  «f  Romg,  who  myitook  tlicm  for 

kimt  tMK-^lhffvrK  ^  Tliey  w«!ro 

ck  lit  lenRth 

Mnr  forward, 

jii  liui  f[]»n|i«'^  "  iicaren  han  raiaed 

«^  to  ivoitl  to  tl»  iMmof7  of  mm  th« 
4 — *_.-.- ^f  II. ^.^.  ..f^j^iug,^    Do  you 

<if  the  men  of 
..  ^.^.^.^,  ^  ..^4^  fulfilling  our 

oQoe,  **  Tbcrr  ftre  MfciT"  and 
I  tli^ai  bmMyy  on  th«Jr  way, 

TW  fi  Rt#fa  of  Confttdiift  befu  naw 

T>g*g*ig^*  'hv  •*  aivrient  wntinj^, "  the 
riai»i  rviM*d  aiirl  pfvhaHIy  in  Ihe 

nato  ^>f  him,  hi'  ^iit^  c^xpt^KM^l 

kmmt  *.  tiv  ^ru  ||i«  nbilo'iopher  c^pDeinl- 
W  «f  db0  »p|wrtit  anil  tba  Ungihte.  lie 
dHll  tn  iSrar  coi^|Qct«it!».  lie  na%  no  ef* 
ift  te  6mnM  toq  the  inRtincts  and  qui-^sr- 
Umim^  of  tlw  aod,  atul  the  vigiifj  an- 
i«i«»  In  Millie  m  i^ttan  of  nllgious 
prfablHtif  wbioi  lui  loiafbatioti  ajone 
0Hld  fcmJarraaL 

ib  ipmH  mit  make  mt^  rreri  for  the 
IMmI  ■Wfmi  fnda,  of  th^  KUfMTHtitktnt 
wSk  f«l%90ii»  ftan  of  oomDnoo  men*  llo 
#1 M  «c«>fr  il  UmiBj  or  alDmi  Iht  itn- 
Uf  of  Uialr  Mug  mUii4  He 
luai»tf  wish  mykkg.  thtl  tor 


him  t?je  evidence  was  bo  slight,  that  his 
fir^t  duty  swmed  with  the  world  which 
he  could  see.  Tboijgb  ha  does  not  dis- 
tinctly any  where  usseri  a  nersonal  Cre- 
ator, he  docs  assert  and  folbw  eontinu- 
^ly  a  recojfniaed  pliin  of  the  uairerse. 
To  him.  it  is  evident  that  the  human  s^ul 
is  intended  to  find  its  true  action  and 
happiness  in  bv«j  and  that  tho  only 
healthful  relation  between  indiridualt 
and  statesL.  is  that  which  resta  on  the 
basi^  of  uniTersal  brotlierbood. 

''  hove  for  humanity,^'  he  coniSdered 
the  *^  root  of  alt  other  virtnea,  to  whwh 
tlte  trunk  was  filial  piety-"  His  Idids  of 
the  elevation  to  which  the  human  char- 
acter oould  re^ich.  are  transcendent — so 
high,  that  with  his  practical  scope,  Im 
only  ocscasionally  alkdcsd  to  his  vain  pur- 
fiiiit  of  them. 

He  avotded  in  general  every  thing  of  the 
vague,  or  mysterious,  or  supcThuman,  in 
hii^  teach  ingi*  He  stood  on  the  realities 
which  he  felt;  and  from  Uiem  taught. 
Unlike  almost  every  great  teacher  of 
tnith  in  the  past,  he  had  hut  one  doctrtnft 
for  the  crowd  and  for  his  dit^iples. 

^'  You,  my  disciples,  all  of  you  I  Do 
yon  believe  that  1  have  for  you  concealed 
doctriDes  ?  I  have  no  concealed  doctrincfi, 
I  have  done  nothing  which  I  have  not 
communicated  to  yon,  oh  my  disci* 
pies  1  It  is  the  manner  of  acting  of  Con- 
fucius*^' 

Of  his  great  doctrine  he  says : 
'^To  have  enough  empire  over  one*s 
self,  in  order  to  judge  of  others  by  com- 
pansou  with  oursiilvea.  and  to  act  towards 
them  «^  we  would  wi^i  that  oiM  abould 
act  towards  as— that  is  what  we  can  call 
the  doctritie  of  humanity*  There  is  no- 
thmg  beyoinl  it"     PouthieVj  p.  144. 

A  disrSple  said:  "That  which  I  do 
not  de^tru  that  men  should  do  to  me.  [ 
difsire  equnlly  not  to  do  it  to  other  men,^' 
The  phiioiMipher  answered — '^Sai!  you 
have  not  yet  readied  tliia  point  of  per* 
fcctiou." 

'^  Fau*tchi  aaked — *W>»at  was  the  vir- 
tue of  Humanity?'  Tho  Philosopher 
eaid  :  '  To  love  men.' " 

He  a!»ked  what  was  Science.  The  Phi- 
lo!ujplK^  an "^ were*] ;  '*  To  know  men.'* 

Fau^tchi  did  not  penetrate  the  sense  of 
th««i  aaawtera. 

RVLnro  PBtNcrPLC* 

"  If  the  7%mighi  is  sincerely  directed 
towards  the  virtues  of  humatyty,  one  wiU 
not  ooinniit  vicioua  acliona/* 


L 


Ui 


mj^mitf. 


fAu^. 


*^The  ^hokrs  ought  not  to  ba  without 
ft  flotil  firtQ  and  elevated,  for  their  burdeo 
U  hearj  an*!  their  road  long, 

*^HvMjiKiTy  is  the  burden  which  tbej 
baTo  to  tmny:  k  it  not  in  truth  very 
heavy  and  Tery  important  1  It  ia  tt 
death  only  that  one  ceases  to  ciny  it: 
the  roid — ii  it  not  very  long  ?^ 

THE   IDIIALS, 

*'  If  i  think  of  a  man  who  should  re- 
unite holiness  to  the  virtue  of  humanity, 
bow  should  t  dare  compam  myself  to 
bim  1  All  that  I  know  is,  that  I  force 
mjrwlf  to  practice  these  yirtoes  without 
hmig  Cfcst  down,  and  that  I  teach  them 
to  others,  without  discourigiiig  myself  or 
letting  myself  be  dt^jected.  That' is  aU  I 
can  say  of  myselt^* 

*f  To  possess  capiicity  and  talents,  and 
to  take  advice  from  those  whoaredeprirwd 
of  them ;  to  have  much  and  to  take  ad- 
vice from  tbose  who  have  nothing  ;  to  be 
rich  aud  to  comport  one's  self  as  if  one 
were  poor  ;  to  be  full  and  to  appear  empty 
or  stripped  of  all  ;  to  let  one'^s  self  Ije  of- 
fended without  testifying  reaetitm<*nt — 
once  I  had  a  friend  who  conducted  hunself 
thus  in  life," 

*^  The  most  ignoraut  can  attain  to  this 
simple  science  of  conducting  ihemselTes 
well ;  but  it  is  granted  to  no  one,  not  even 
to  tbosa  who  have  attained  to  the  highest 
degree  of  bolinesi*,  to  reach  the  perfection 
of  tbid  moral  science  ;  there  always  ixj- 
[  something  unknown. '' 


*^  He  wbo  is  in  this  high  condition  of 
peHect  virtue  does  not  show  himself  and 
yet,  like  the  earth,  he  reveals  himself  by 
hia  benefactions;  he  docs  not  displace 
himselfj  and  yetj  like  the  heavens,  be  is 
undergoing  numerous  transformations^  he 
does  not  hasten,  and  yet  like  Space  and 
Timoj  be  arrives  at  the  perfectioning  of 
bia  works.'^ 

"  To  occupy  supretne  rank,  and  not  ex- 
erci^  bene^tions  towardi:  those  whom 
on€  govern?;  to  practi^  rites  and  usages 
prescribed  without  any  sort  of  respect, 
ftud  funeral  ceremonies  without  trut  grief; 
that  ia  what  I  cannot  resign  loys^lT  to 


*  It  is  onl  j  the  man  full  of  hoitianity 
wbo  can  love  tn^n  truly,  and  bate  ib«iii 


**  To  be  put  aside  or  nilsimdeiistood  b^ 

men,  and  not  to  be  indignant  at  it^  h  it 
not  the  trait  of  the  inan  etninently  vir* 
tuons  ? 

'^  It  is  not  neoessarv  to  afilict  onrselvea 

that  men  do  not  know  us.  but.  on  the  oour 
traryj  that  we  do  not  know  oarsdves.'* 


"  Sffi-MA-niEir.  affected  with  sadnesa^ 
said — 'All  men  have  brotbers;  I  alone 
hare  none,' 

Confucius  answered — **Let  the  superior 
man  watch  with  a  serious  attention  over 
himself,  and  not  «ease  so  to  m^L  Let  bicn 
carry  in  hvi  commerce  with  men  a  defer* 
cnce  always  dignified,  regarding  all  uieti 
wtthin  the  four  seas  (In  the  universe)  as 
bis  brothers*  In  thus  acting,  wby  idioul«l 
the  superior  tnan  afflict  himselj'  ai  bftviug 
no  brothers  1" 


*'  Some  one  asked,  ^  What  ought  one  to 
think  of  him  wbo  returns  beueiits  for  m- 
juries  1  ^ 

""The  pbilosophcf  answered  ^Tn  that 
case  bow  would  one  return  the  benefits'? 
We  must  pay  hatred  and  hijurtf  h^ju9^ 
tke.  and  baitfits  by  bevpfits, 

liow  gladly  would  he  Imve  learned 
that  Uter  aird  more  sublime  truth,  **  Love 
them  that  hute  you  J  ** 

StlH^^CE. 

"  The  philosopher  said.  ^  T  do  not  desire 
to  pass  my  time  in  speaking.^  Tsew- 
Koung  answered^  *  If  our  master  does  not 
stieukt  then  bow  will  his  disciples  trans- 
mit bis  words  lo  posterity  ? ' 

♦*  Heaven — ^how  does  it  speak  ? '  he  r&- 
plbd,  *The  four  seasons  fallow  their 
courses*  All  the  beings  of  nature  receive 
turn  by  turn,  tbeir  eidsteDoe.  How  does 
Heaven  sp^l" 

From  this  time  he  spent  the  yejirs  J 
laborious  journeys  to  tne  different  kii 
doms  of  China,  teaching  these  truths  of  i" 
higher  bumanitjr?  attempting  to  reform 
abuses^  anil  befriending  the  people  and  tbo 
Bubfect&  He  was  ''  in  cold  arnl  bungej-. 
ana  listings  oft^*'  bis  life  was  hunted 
after  by  the  envious  courtiei's,  and  on 
several  ootasions  be  hardly  esc!tt|i>ed  mur- 
der or  asiAf^nation.  His  leciura  w«rs 
frequently  broken  up  by  the  soldiery  and 
his  disciples  dispersed ;  still  m  cvi^ry  new 
place  they  collected  ait^und  him  and  bis 
ikithfnl  twelve,  excopt  when  duties  to 
tjieir  families  calW  tbein  *wav^  woio  with 
Mm  atwaya*    He  visited  ibc^  kingdoms  of 


I 


Owi  SouiHt  T«ftt,  T^.  Motion.  Mi*l  r&f  ious 
Pikn%  dortng  this  tiuw,  but  ncTcr  &p- 
fnn  to  bftYC  pMiod  the  limits  of  ChiD&. 
JUloifib,  »t  tW  HLTt  of  ^ixty^ighuhe  re* 
Inrwl  to  bi  II.   The  i^ople 

htri  ui  sihort  Ume, 

I  h*ii  Mi^fi.'jLM.Hl  U)  the  number 
«f  llbrntilnNtiixid ;  but  the  i  tovemment — 
tiw  Coort^-whidi  be  wiKtit^il  e^^pecmnj  to 
iniwMCW,  m^%  htn  plans  of  reft>na  coldly, 
waihb  wm  ^ppomw^  U)  ik»  offic-e.  He 
mm  ^tfOlMi  bimfielf  to  hm  GiTorit^  pur- 
"  t  lad  ittwij ;  the  litter  being 
"  '  I  in  the  Aiicicut  Books 
I  Oootiiiiei  which  he  hud  been  tc^h- 

wmlaniii^  bomde^ii  life  b^d  been 
^mm  p^iihl  io  hlTn*  On  one  ooca- 
^M.  Mir  •  stjvigo  ckj,  BeptitAied  from 
\mwmi\fim^  he  waa  i>c«cn  bj  m  peks&nt, 
«^  fff^orted  to  hk  rnonda,  seftrcbin^j 
iImI  m  gtmigir  of  noble  ««poct  waa  walk- 
^  thmi  DMr  tho  fitc^  -'  like  m  dog 

*  lie  b  nditf''  ttid  Conlbdus  on  he«i^ 
'  1  mwe  the  fidelity  of  a  dog,  and 
i  like  one  But  it  mutt^fn  not ; 
manner  men  otmduct  In  my 
fif^iL  I  shall  not  depart  trom  the  afTeo- 
tins  wtlkli  I  bear  to  t}icfn,  tn4  T  will  his- 
te  alwmjra  to  do  tbcTii  all  the  good  which 
b  0  mj  pidir«r.  If  I  do  not  ]t!Ceire  ^om 
mf  laboTi  tli«  IhiiLi  which  I  would  do 
1^^  tfi  #i{i«cL,  I  H'ill  at  leftst  bftvc  the 
^tmnku3em  of  harming  fulfilled  my  duty/^ 
Is  liin  walkB  throiigU  the  coitntry. 
ncaUcd  hb  a^piralions  and 
I  of  hk  efforts  to  el  eva  te 
ft  late  autnmn  grain  fkOd^  a 
,  aliaoat  the  last  of  his  kind,  ti 
[  Ui»  ftrw  ki'meii*  Itl^  Confu- 
and  to  ittc  attcctionate 
i  wlijr  ? — ^  repIieH,  '^  b«aiuso  it 
i  fli  ioHM  of  my  holy  dodriiie,  and  its 
Mfllo  ^»Mr«  Tm  ffiwii  bird  i^pre^cntii 
i^Mlf*  fit  ttSTmod  i  Vmttle  mound, 
wHIi  tho  lufig  erajui  vrhicb  had 
WW  the  gnirc^  of  the  dt?a*l  *vNar 
I,"  Mid  ^  b  ft  IttUe  (Ktout,  gtill  ftiri4> 
tdr  ifPOKTTrd,  *' always  rcncwi*  her* 
rto  fprin^f.  thr  ftiittimtj,  th«  waters^ 
vl^  i\»?  ^\mvra\,  the 
i-rid^T  hi*n— icA<?re 


made  Tatn  efTortu,*'  iftid  he 
a^OL,  "  Vi  I    ^  bo  wijih  to  walk  in 

fl»  0«  th#  ^  l«tdA  to  wiaiiom } 

Oit  mettiodttt^   i  u^vc  no  ftflouree  but 

▲  Ml  dOifafi  The  pmt  rntn^  diimp- 
hbM  4kl  noewlty  in  the  hep:>ic  work  of 
Ifc,  foiftf  o<ii  bto  the  gnsat  DftrkneiL 
JMrillikkftlll 


Sometiraes  he  seems  to  have  had  it  half 
hope  or  faith  in  a  relation  to  an  unseen 

'*  r  am  known  of  no  one,"  said  he,  *'  I 
do  not  v^mh  It  of  Heaven^  I  accuse  not 
men  for  it  Ilumble  and  simple  nchoiar, 
1  have  lu-rived  by  myself  to  penetrate 
the^e  things.  If  any  one  knows  me,  it 
h  HeaTtin. '' 

He  still  had  thoughts,  howeyerj  for  the 
present  To  bis  king  ftskinK  adtice  about 
gOTeniing  the  people,  he  saia,  ^'  Give  them 
enough  and  they  will  be  happy."  ^'That 
is  not  easy,  "saidhiB  highness.  ^^Very 
easjn,"  he  replied.  '^Hear  bow — Be  very 
careful  about  asking  the  people  to  labor 
on  works  which  are  only  for  yon  and 
yours.  Working  far  tbt*mselves,  they 
wilj  work  with  spirit^  in  hope  of  enjoy  iag 
tho  fruit  of  their  labor — ^thea  will  the 
fields  be  eulti  rated,  Ac" 

To  Yen-hoei,  his  favorite  disciple,  hesftidj 
"  My  dear  Yen-hoei.  f  advance  with  rapja 
siepii  tpwards  the  end  of  my  careor,  and 
the  time  of  my  dissolution  is  not  far  away* 
Y'ou  have  been  witness  of  all,  wbich  I 
have  done  to  inspire  men  witli  the  love  of 
virtue,  and  you  are  not  ignorant  of  the 
little  sncceas  which  I  bare  had.  It  Is, 
perhspftj  my  fault  that  1  have  not  succeed- 
ed ;  in  that  case,  you  will  repair  it,  and  you 
will  come  to  tho  end  of  what  I  bft?e  lise^ 
le&^ly  attempted.^* 

There  is  ^omethliig  tnexpuBSsibly  sad  in 
th^e  closing  pi&sKagoa  of  i  life,  generous^ 
heroic,  and  tilled  with  friendship  to  man, 
&s  few  human  lives  have  been,  tn  our 
narrow  view  of  compensation,  one  would 
have  asked  fiir  a  more  triumphant  ending* 
And  then  thi«t  a  soulf  so  breathing  with 
love^  so  simply  devoted  to  goodnaaa,  so 
urged  on  by  the  endless  ispirationi  tiWr 
an  ideal  pc^rfection.  should  never  have 
grtuiped  the  conception  of  an  Imperson* 
ation  of  all  these  qualities  I  Never  to 
know  for  an  ins^nt^  or  expect  in  the  fii- 
ture^  th«  sating  of  this  infinite  hunger  of 
the  iioul  1  To  be  thrown  out  by  men^  to 
have  lovtj  r*- turned  by  coldness  or  hate — 
and  jet  not  even  to  coiyecture  of  the  I^ive 
in  ttiora  hercftfler^  to  which  all  other  love 
is  only  the  type  and  pynibol !  To  steer 
HO  truly  thr<Mi|^h  thi^  darkness  and  gftles 
of  i:  ,  ,  but  to  hare  no  hop©  of 

Lhi  ,  ond  ! 

T 1 )  1 1  i  A  he  n  near  the  close  of 

bi^  tife^  K-  '  F:in emitting  bis  works 

jitolmmiy  lm  Lfiuiifure; 

*^  U  IS  ft  long  time,  my  disdples.  tliai 
you  have  been  attached  to  me  and  have 
rPvogniECf]  mo  for  your  master*  1  liav« 
made  every  eJfort  to  icquit  mjself  in 
my  best  minnerj  of  the  obligfttioos  which 


150 


Canft 


uam. 


[Aug. 


1  htTe  coutrict«d  with  vou.  fn  accepting 
you  for  disciples.  You  haro  followed  me ; 
j^ou  b&vc  partaken  my  works  and  mj 
p&ins;  jou  bare  beeo  taught  what  it  be> 
hooves  mao  to  know,  when  be  wishes  to 
fuifll  exactly  the  duty  miposiid  on  him, 
daring  his  sojourn  upon  the  earth.  In 
the  deplorable  sUtej  in  which  things  aro 
to-dftj,  and  in  view  of  the  aversion  niea 
show  every  where  to  the  reform  of  man- 
ners and  the  renewing  of  the  Ancient 
Doctrine,  you  onght  not  to  flatter  your- 
geh  es  with  being  able  to  recall  the  mass  of 
men  to  the  practice  of  their  duties ;  you 
are  witness  of  the  httle  snccef?*  which  I 
have  bad  in  the  enterprise  which  I  hare 
undertaken  and  in  which  I  liave  not  ceased 
to  work  during  the  whole  of  a  long  life. 
What  you  can  do  with  some  hope  of  suc- 
cess, is  to  contribute  to  preserTe  the  pre- 
cious deposit,  ol  which  I  was  only  the 
depositor^  and  which  I  have«  in  trusted  to 
you.*' 

To  his  little  son,  he  said,  as  he  felt  the 
weakness  of  death  draw  near:  *^OhI 
tny  d«ar  Tseu  Koung !  The  mountain  of 
Tay*chan  withdraws  itself — I  can  no 
more  raise  my  head  to  contemplate  it* 
The  piers  of  the  building  arc  more  than 
half  eaten  away,  I  have  no  placoj  to 
which  to  withdraw  myself*  The  graas 
without  juice  is  dry;  I  have  no  more 
where  I  can  sit  down  to  reposo  myself. 
The  Holy  Doctrine  had  disappeared;  it 
was  entirely  forgotten,  1  iiare  hastened 
to  recall  it  and  re-eslablish  its  empire,  I 
have  not  been  able  to  succeed  in  it.'' 

Ilis  last  public  act  was  a  journey  with 
a  few  intimate  disciples  to  a  neighboring 
mountain,  on  whose  top  he  had  erected 
an  altar*  Upon  this,  his  books — the 
work  of  his  life — were  solemnly  plac5i?d, 
and  with  devout  ceremony,  consecrated 
to  Heaven. 

IJe  then  kneeled  serionsly  to  each  qnar-' 
ter  of  the  compass^  and  thanked  Ileafen 
for  its  care  of  him,  and  of  the  books  of 
*^  Ancient  DoctrinCj"  and  solemnly  ra)m- 
mitted  them  to  the  care  of  the  unseen 
*^  Principle  of  Life  " 

The  favorite  Chinese  pictures  of  the 
philosopher  represent  him  in  ihis  act; 
kneeling  by  the  altar^  with  a  bow  of  light 
deseending  from  the  stars  upon  his  head. 

A  characteristic  trait  is  related  of  him 
in  these  his  last  days.  An  annual  satm^ 
nalia  was  going  on  among  the  peasants — 
some  festival  to  the  genii  of  the  Iruits. 
The  old  man  qould  not  willingly  die  with- 


out looking  on  the  e^ial  face  of  human 
happiness  again^  lie  was  helped  upon  a 
hill  to  aL'e  the  merriment 

" I  avow,"  said  he,  ''I  have  a  true  plea- 
sure in  seeing  these  good  people  forget 
their  misery  and  beueving  thcmselvea 
happy  a  moment.'' 

A  devout  disciple  objected^'  that  the 
people  ought  to  thank  Heaven  for  their 
fruits  by  prayers,  ^'  Ah  wi^lU  "  said  the 
old  warm  heart.  ''''  It  is  in  doing  this,  in 
™oicingy  that  they  fierform  their  actions 
of  grace  and  their  prayers,'* 

He  still  had  strength  once  more  to  re- 
view his  works — but  after  this  gradually 
failed  ;  and,  as  his  biographers  inform  u% 
on  the  appearance  of  the  same  sign 
which  had  preceded  his  birth — the  pre- 
8en<^  of  a  wonderful  animal^  the  Ki  tin 
^ — be  died.  His  age  was  73^  in  the  year 
47 &  before  Christ,  and  9  before  Socrates, 

The  works  of  Confucius*  which  form 
the  claSsSics  of  China,  and  which  especially 
transmit  lus  philosophyi  are  fire  in  num- 
ber. 1.  The  Great  ^cience^--^  treatise  on 
the  relations  of  politics  and  morals.  2. 
The  Tnm  Medium^  or  inrariahleTie^  in 
the  middk  "way,  a  diJicusfion  of  th€  great 

frinciple  of  K/e-^''  Right  Iltti^on" 
,  Phdo§ophic  C<ynversiiUuns^  or  Book 
of  8cnimc€M,  4.  The  I'Wal  Pktjf^  being 
conversations  on  that  subject.  5.  The 
School  for  hiJaniSi  or  a  discourse  on  edu- 
<ation. 

How  much  of  thcie  books  is  original 
with  him^  and  how  much  he  has  gathered 
from  the  "  Ancient  i^Titings,'*  is  uncertain. 
It  is  supposed  generally,  tnat  he  made  the 
old  Treatises  the  basis  and  medium  of  Lis 
own  sentiments  and  thoughts. 

These  and  a  few  other  writings  form 
the  code,  moral,  legal  and  social  of  the 
Chinese  people.  No  one  can  hold  an  oi- 
fiofij  or  claim  a  high  social  position,  or  be 
considered  an  educated  gentleman,  without 
familiarity  with  them. 

The  System  of  Confucius  may  be  de* 
scribed  as  a  system  of  practical  hu- 
manity.  He  stood  on  a  basis  of  known 
fact^  and  taught  human  duties. 

No  philosopher,  out  of  the  influence  of  the 
Christian  manifestation,  has  ever  seized 
with  Guch  a  grasp,  on  the  great  idea  of 
Love  as  the  renovator  of  the  heart  and  the 
practical  life.  Except  from  Christ,  no 
words  of  purer  benevolence  have  ever 
fallen  from  human  Iips«  Nobly  oonflrm- 
ing  the  theory,  was  a  life  which  even  the 


•  Tbfl  \mi  Ifudlitlcini  ue^  dtt  L$vrft  CiMM^vm  ^  ia  UMtUi,  par  FL  I^od  (?Ark),  aa4  dm  Uwm  m* 


I 


of  a  ehI1di8li  i^  tad  tb? 
of  twmtf-thrae  oimliirks  emnot 
oamt,  M  iiiiefi|  iJbe  mo^t  Beir^deTodiig 
md  TOMilHy  wfaJdi  tl^  world  had  witDess- 
«i  II  liM  lift  f  ti  n&iuTftl  iiii|in«iL  D  ui^ 
mg  tliflK  loiip  i^  ftll  ttuU  has  b«4?ii 
«C«ika»ini  beroinn  U)4  love  and  flHtl 

pte,  has  M  iti^elf  from  this  one 
Eb  Lightest  instmetions 
pari  of  ih©  ciTil  law;  his 
F  ara  taa  peoepts  of  religion;  his 
tt  Iha  Dirnia  Iiwat  ta  which  Jl  in  the 
asifan  vIm  tipif^afbir  Ihe  true  and  good 
adfatiiioillj  itrtiegle*  The  diseom^ged 
itaih,  ^M  Bad  u3(9it  a»  it  •@e»med  thoa 
aod  flBBms  always  to  the  ffufibrer  for 
IHmIbh^  hu  bemat  a  triumph  in  the 

Aod  j«t  to  one  ieafie^  the  life  of  Oonfii- 
«na  !«(■  biiii  a  lulum  He  dM  aot  ap 
t«at  lo  naii\  mflniti  aaptratkms ;  he  did 
cat  mMnm  the  »al,  froiii  its  highest 
llt^urM  i  be  taught  DOttiitig  of  the  un- 
«m^  Iha  F.temal~  the  Dmne.  He  could 
aot  utefati  htimin  nature^  bj  awakening 
Aa  bope  of  a  ruiaLbn  to  a  limitlcas  un- 
Fulura  or  to  the  ir^od  Infinite 
Ha  ipife  it  little  to  support  it  in 
«r  to  miothe  iti  nameiosi  and 
DgaofTowB.  Ue  stiempted  to 
hm  OQQ  another,  bat  without 
J  the  g%^tie  aelfiidin^a  of  the  hn^ 
nan  ioat,  mth  these  raouieiitous  motivei^ 
m  wiUwut  seeking  to  transmale  it  by  the 
Ifl^v  a]l-^aiTadiii|;  to  the  onl  j  Perfect  One. 
fir  parliaiM  ooidd  kre  his  Tagtie  conJ^c- 
tsnr  of  a  ditt^r  ^  eren  the  abslraet  Good* 
aaaai  vllkll  lo  Ilim  represented  Godhood. 
TW  naca  «f  nao  cannot.  The  resnlta  of 
^m  ijalam  weft  n&tnral.  The  upjser  and 
rtiiwithtlbl  rTiiiaffl  of  China  have  in  the 
warn  aUttad  mto  an  indifft^retit  or  aggres- 
of  All  which  belongs  to 
fa  mtfier  aaturei    The  people  have 


sought  for  thdr  T^ljgioiLi  mstbcta,  what 
Conrudaniitn  never  afiorded,  and  hare 
found  it  10  the  grossest  superstitiona 
which  corrupt  the  doctrines  of  Buddha  or 
of  LautiiiX,  f n  no  countrj  of  even  an  im- 
perfect civilfEatJon^  has  the  dimity  of  hU' 
man  hfe  faUeu  so  k>w  as  in  China. 

Not  elerated  bj  any  grand  relij^ous 
ta^th  fram  Confnctu^  the  people  have 
0b>t0ned  on  the  tetter  of  his  gosjieL  The 
detail,  the  triYiaiities  of  his  teachings  have 
taken  the  plai^  of  his  principlcj?.  And 
jet  in  the  broad  estimate  of  humnn  histjo 
ry,  Confiicius  baa  done  a  noble  and  im- 
portant  part  The  pirparatiuns  for  high 
de?e!opment  in  the  moral  world,  may  tie 
as  slow  as  in  the  maUrrial  wort  J.  Both  the 
greatness  and  defects  of  the  philijaophy 
of  Confudus,  thoroughly  tested  duiing 
these  matiy  ages,  have  perhaps  b«?n  slow- 
ly and  rtnnly  pnsparmg  a  foundation 
among  his  i>t<Jple»  for  the  hjghe*it  Mani- 
fe^tattoD,  and  thus  ftir  the  most  complete 
Embodiment  of  religion.  The  humanily 
as  well  as  the  siknt  skepticism  of  the 
Cbinetie  philosopher;^  may  be  equally  in 
the  plana  of  tbo  unirers^  a  preparation  fbr 
the  aU-emhmctng  LoTe  and  the  uowa- 
Teijpg  Faith  which  have  sjirung  alone 
from  the  divine  n^vealing  in  CinnsiuxiTr, 

ThU  Movement,  now  so  stead  dy  and 
mysteriously  progressing  in  China — ^the 
most  important  event,  doubtless,  in  many 
oeo tunes  to  the  human  race — may  trace  iti 
origin  and  its  wondi^rfuJ  success,  to  thesa 
very  thoughts  and  aspirations  which  we 
have  been  following*  And  if  this  vast 
homogGoeous  people — welded  i£  no  othtT 
nation  by  oommon  law,  usige  and  in^^titu- 
tions — ever  be  enlightenea  by  a  purer 
laith,  we  may  And  the  dawn  far  back  is 
the  humane  words,  the  ^lf-de%'oting  life, 
and  tbo  dt^our^iged  death  of  the  simple 
Chinese  scholar 


158 


[Atig. 


SPIRITUAL    MATERIALISM. 


hug^  binwFon  tli«  e¥p^  rity.    •    *    ■    (KfUfr^in^}   Kiio^  knock:    Who't  Ui«t*  f  (h4 

^Umt  d^vU's  nunef    FaIUi,  :  iVNCntitr,  tbit  c.iulil  ^weu-  In  Imtb  acqJoa  oeiiliiflt  eltliT  **iV:  vho 

(/TAorJNn^.)   Knock*  knock,  kpnirj^ :    Wbo'e  tht5r«  f    FoJtb,  h6t^*t  u  ED|^lsb  tklkr  come  bii  ^ 

»t  quiet  r    W b*t  »rt  fm  f—MacbatA,  Aisi  11.  Stitn*  &. 


THERE  is  tt  mysterioua  knocking  wbieb 
began  to  be  he&rd  m  Rochester,  a  hvr 
jrears  a^o,&nd  irbich  muced  lotider  and  mul- 
tiplied its  reTerberationa,  unlii  the  sound 
of  it  h  now  achoing  through  all  the  limits 
of  Christendom  ;  and  men  at  the  antipodes 
mapj  be  aeeo  gathering  themselves  together 
in  scared  ^'  csrelcs"  to  investigate  the  start- 
ling phenomenon.  They  tell  UB  it  is  the 
Lerilding  of  measengcrs  from  the  land  of 
apirtts;  and  tilthongh.  at  one  time,  a 
certain  toe  exposure  threatened  an  easier 
Bolution  of  the  mystery,  and  in  epite  of 
fierce  opposition  and  unbounded  ridiculcij 
the  advocates  of  the  spiritual  theory  have 
ended  by  triumphaiitl  v  luniing  the  tables 
uiK>n  all  uribehevers ;  aad  they  now  rest 
their  case,  conftdently,  upon  this  lastj 
more  wonderful  and,  as  yet,  not  invaJi- 
dated  evidence.  Grave  Judges  have  slip- 
ped down  from  the  bench  into  this  arena 
of  controversy^  and  have  tilted  with 
sptritual  we^ipous.  Men  of  great  reputa- 
tion have  not  hesitated  to  stake  all  their 
&tne  In  i^upporl  of  the  strange  faith.  But 
the  subject  assumes  a  serious  iinportanoo 
which  almost  plaaJS  it  without  the  pale  of 
jesting  J  when  we  find  it  unseating  reason 
and  peopling  our  lunatic  asyluma.  There 
is  certainly  '^  something  in  it.^^  It  de- 
serves candid  and  logical  investigation ; 
and  if  the  system  is  founded  in  truth  and 
reason,  by  all  means  lot  us  cmbraoe  iL 
For  our  own  part,  we  should  be  very 
Borry  to  find  ourselves  forced  to  belie vi>. 
We  are  at  a  loss  to  discover  the  consola- 
tion and  happiness  of  this  faith.  To  be 
sure,  there  are  those  who  pretend  to  listen 
with  complacency  to  these  signals  from 
the  land  of  shadows,  and  wbo  avow  that 
they  take  great  comfort  in  the  thought 
that  ghosts  and  goblins  are  dancing 
about  their  pillows,  and  disturbing  tlxeir 
dream!4:,  and  r^ady^  at  the  least  sign  of  in- 
Bubordination,  to  rap  them  sharply  across 
til©  knuckles,  or  play  the  dickens  with  their 
crockery.  For  ourselvos,  we  plead  guilty^ 
to  a  certain  share  of  the  frailty  of  hu^mao 
nature ;  And  this  bringing  together  of  the 
two  worlds,  which  have  no  congeniality  of 
composition,  and  which  have  been  merci- 
fully kept  asunder  for  so  many  ages|  thid 
di^tgging  down  of  th<s  supernatural  to  & 


familiar  contact  and  communion  with  the 
natural ;  this  opening  of  gravesj  and  con- 
juring up  of  the  spirits  of  our  forgot i en 
ancestors  with  all  their  annor  on,  and  the 
same  sledge-hammer  fists  as  of  old,  to 
grapple  with  us,  and  trip  up  our  heelSj  and 
play  all  fantii?>tical  tricks  with  our  rose- 
wood furniture  ;  we  protest,  it  is  beyond 
patience,  fearful  and  unendurable* 

And  we  will  not  endure  it.  We  denr^ 
that  the  knockings  and  tippings  and  such 
like  physical  phenomena,  are  9piriiuja( 
manifestations.  We  challenjge  these  un- 
stable and  meddlesome  spirits  to  mortal 
combat,  and  enter  the  lists  to  prorQ  them  a 
lie^  and  to  whip  them  back  yelping  to 
their  Stygian  groves.  But  lest  any  mau 
should  accuse  us  of  sacrilege  or  blas^ 
phemy,  in  any  words  or  weapons  we  tnajr 
resort  to  in  our  process  of  e:£orcisiii;  lei 
us  forestall  this  objection  of  a  tender  eon- 
science,  by  on  extract  from  Judge  £d« 
munds^  book,  which  may  place  all  parties 
upon  a  Mt  footing. 

The  ghost  of  Swedenborg  has  l>een  sum- 
moned (Judge  Edmondis'  principal  wit- 
ness), and  is  giving  his  testimony  as  to 
the  validity  and  authority  of  spiritual 
communications  in  general.  His  words 
art)  thus  rejxjrted : — '■^  What  the  nature  of 
all  the  concurrent  causes  was,  which 
inUuenoed  this  mauifestation  of  spirit 
commuaion  with  material  or^nizatian, 
I  cannot  pretend  to  say^  but  that 
they  were  by  no  special  directions  of  the 
Creator,  I  am  satisfied.^*  And  again* 
**  Take  no  statemeuts^  thereforOj  tliat  are 
not  based  on  laws  satisfactory  to  your 
judgment,  and  depend  upon  it^  that  whcTj 
any  revelation  is  made,  having  the  garment 
of  marveUousneea  wmppcd  about  it.  tlut 
dther  it  m  a  compound  of  the  cnedium's 
imagination,  or  it  emanates  from  some 
spirit  whose  veracity  is  to  bodoubtesd." 

Hero  we  have  not  only  an  adoitssion 
that  this  aiimi^et  and  this  work  are  not  of 
Ood ;  but  an  admission  of  liability  to 
inondsM.^ity  in  the  very  revelations  tliem- 
selves  (to  say  nothing  of  the  mcHJin)  |  and 
aliso  a  franii  appeal  to  the  su|ireiuacv  of 
human  reason,  as  the  tribunal  by  wfuch 
the  whole  doctrine  sliauld  t>c  judg^, 

We  hesitate  not,  therefbrCj   to  grasp 


54] 


Spifituai  M^Urtalhm. 


I5t> 


^  nor  iooiifftt  of  logic,  nvi  ulrmee 
iMmm  to  the  fight. 
oar  pOiilloii  be  cle&rly  understood, 
tavd  W  lirove,  if  wc  can,  firs^  that 
» InfMWiibW  that  A  §pmi  i$hould  mani- 
ilatlf  jjkynkmXij  i  wnmdly,  ttiat  the 
fmrm  whieb.  it  ifl  preleailerl,  does  rereal 
«vUiii  mrn^^riiA  or  ui  unknowD  lif^  bf 
asiiA  n^tliM*  vtttwftrd  ikmcm&trmtioat 
nl  IfTittg  ma^m^  li,  by  itJi  ^^n  confe^^iionf 
_ "  *l  pewvr,  tnil  yrt,  that  it  is 
\  Uii  Vtm  ihf  ilt  own  ^havinnj^  nfiim)^ 
^ ' » of  |Mi jri«sr«1  momf^^taumu ;  &tid 
tliat  tbiK  fitappoted  rfre«Iini^ 
whatever  it  may  b«i  is  an  cv^tl 
i  liir  tho  sjstcin  of  religion  act* 
1  t»7  ita  agimts  k  oppo^  ta  diviue 
inf^Hnfi,  eootmlktoiyf  irrational^  and 


Aait  ^mt  ae  to  th€  nature  of  a  spirit. 
«kl  iW  (^•ww*  why  tb«  *'  rappings"  and 


all* 


jAt)ot  be  spirittiat  manif^ 

a  ttpirit  (i,  e.  a  free,  ua- 

(I'd,  |mr«  ipiritX  ^y 

Uw  Bdioai-tncn,  by 

vtbologr,  by  all  tJio 

L  and  fi^y  tb*>  very 

.  .  jm^^m^  is  an  immaterial 

1  btfiigf  vsth  totelll^enoe  sna 

uf  tiKx^tnotluQ.  tint    d«stitoto 

or  *oj 
f ,  t&  I  matemt 

hu  lb  At  d  111  tbo  vaiiity  of  hid 
,  a  man  sbouM  think  lo  »hut  up  a 
i;liHt  v-itbrii  nivr  r  to  fasten  Li m 

h/  *  c^tn^  or  u  [drn  by  a  buL- 

lot,  aucb  1  m«n  .•iti-.Uid  L^j  proved  a  fooL 
kmX  oa  the  utber  bmad.  should  a  mti' 
flonoiift  affftit  boast,  Ibat  by  thtf  winght 
of  ln»  ama  ho  Oiiieht  feU  an  oji«  or  that  \%j 
^\  of  hk  spino  bo  might  lift  a 
or  by  tbe  haninc.'^  of  \m 
!  might  Mplii  a  door^paniial,  or 
feft  ook  IftliK  or  the  hMdhoanlol  a  b«d- 
iftB4  ht  tbotdd  be  iuad»  to  oat  hll  own 
Urn  would  lie  in  hiM  irtilritiial 
If  a  »piFil  fjndfl  xm  obstiolo  in 
h|^  wftOa,  tad  doied  ddoni  and  iti>pp«d 
««oha  and  koyholri  hwrinetiically  ftsaliid ; 
m  loBf  M  ho  rwlairtis  His  purely  i^piritnal 
WMmh^  h*  oyiuot  dirocily  odlr  tuiy  rosiist- 
aaoB  la  an/  such  of^eetct.  If  a  door  eaiip 
am  oior  any  Offiooitkiti  to  bis  panaagWi,  bo 
aywio*  Hr  if  a  inblft  Rantiot 

h|f  «it^  <ud  in  but   way,  he 

MHOMt  tJA   ftuv  pif.ianiil.y  jHjttotialij  fiuah 

«^  or  taoul  It^  or  uptiet  it 

*  Ihil,**  ioyi  ono^  ^'  you  muwt  not  dony 
to  pHrvr  of  ainrit  to  alfect  iMbrHal 
MfKX^  Ucfn  un  I,  a  brttij^  1 1  bitt ration 
«  dhol  poww.  By  the  iui*rv  li-rT*  ^if  my 
wttt,  I  novit  my  timbA.  i  cjiu  walk,  or 
\mf^  m  daao»t  or  nt  itill^  aooptrdiG^  a«  the 


spirit  that  b  in  me  is  dispooed.  Why 
sliould  not  a  free  spirit,  then,  animate  any 
material  object^  bu  that  tables  should  hi- 
come  Raltatoryt  chairs  (lerip&tetif ,  ^^c.  7  " 

Simply  notkiUig  tbc  faPt  that  this  ob- 
jection doea  not  approach  tfii>  rappingi  nt 
all  (for  no  amount  of  life  in  %  dinir  <x»uld 
produce  rapa  ujmn  a  door),  we  must  not 
£»rget,  that  the  apirit  by  which  a  man 
moTee  his  limbs  ia  not  a  separate  i^jr- 
tatence,  but  absolutely  a  part  of  himself^ 
wboUy  inseparable^  so  long  as  be  exists 
bodily,  from  his  physical  organiiatbn- 
A^  such  it  bears  no  analogy  to  a  free 
spirit  and  an  argument  from  one  to  the 
other  will  not  hold.  It  is^  in  roality,  not 
the  spirit  in,  a  man  which  wills  to 
walk,  but  it  is  JW  who  wilU  to  walk  as 
truly  as  it  is  he  who  walks,  This  in- 
timate unbn  of  spirit  and  matter  con- 
stitutes the  bfe  of  the  intelligent  mao. 
llieae  physical  acts,  are  the  acts  of  an 
embodied  spirit;  and  these  spintual 
volitions  are  Ibe  Tohtbus  of  a  physical 
man.  The  spiritual  and  immortal  hsfi 
become  for  the  time,  a  fart  of  the  mortal 
and  physical,  in  an  iaentity  which  onlj 
death  can  de^itroy. 

This  is  a  mystery  of  divine  creatloTi. 
The  spirit  had  no  hand  in  producing  this 
identity,  and  cannot  withdraw  from  it  by 
any  simple  act  of  will. 

It  would  be  rather  poor  \€ipt*^  we  think, 
to  argue  that  becaiu^'^e  a  spirit  forcibly  and 
iuvotuntarily  embodti^d  mint  act  tbrouy^h 
a  materia]  organization,  therefore  a  disem- 
bQiti«4i  spirit  may  voluutarily  possess  and 
animat4j  any  inanimate  material  ol^'ect  ;— 
not  to  8{)i*&k  of  an  astaumption  of  the  di- 
vme  pnirogative,  which  such  au  action 
would  nr^olvc.  But  even  admitting  the 
thini;  ^H^siiHibli^,  and  supposing  that  a 
spirit  should  "  euttT  into "  a  table,  and 
Ondow  it  with  \ih  and  Intelligence, — 
would  It  gof  VVe  think  not  Suppose 
a  man^s  arm  should  he  dci^titute  of  joints 
and  mtisclt^.  but  still  itnglmg  with  sen- 
sation to  the  tinpjf  tips ;  of  how  much 
motkm  would  it  bo  capable^  tliink  you  t 
Th«)  intlncnce  of  the  maji*s  will  upon  the 
movement  of  hi^  limb%  depends  u}j<^u  tlie 
perfection  of  his  au&iomy.  and  tlie  fhw 
drculatioo  of  the  vital  llunin.  In  othar 
wordjB,  to  use  a  very  imperfect  slmite,  tho 
machinery  and  the  capcM^ity  of  motion 
tniiJit  ejci^t,  before  the  Npi ritual  moti?e 
power  oitn  be  applic^i  with  I'UbcL  An 
engine  would  be  tkt  tdliciunt  Tur  loctjmutioUf 
without  whoelH,  or  cranks,  or  ic^strin;:,  as 
an  auiruAU!  anil  intcUif^nt  tabic  fur  walk- 
ings, without  articulated  bmbc  mod  i 
nervous  sjHienu 

But  if  it  ia  eontiBiy  to  niton  that 


]«» 


Spiritual  Jfaterinlitm. 


[A^ 


Slants  ahatild  directly  ftlfect  inanimite 
matter^  may  they  not  act  upon  it  by  the 
uitervention  of  the  natur&I  foroos,  &s 
MaK:netism,  Electricity,  or  the  Odk/orce? 

Unfortunately  fi>r  s»ich  a  position  these 
forces  are  material^  and  tbe  same  ^'oature 
of  things  "  which  would  prerent  a  spirit 
from  directly  iuduencing  a  table  or  aa 
ottiiman,  would  bar  H  from  directly  ming^ 
any  tnaterial  force.  How  <smld  *a  spirit 
handle  electricity  ;  coutino  it ;  brin|j  it  to 
bear  upon  any  specified  fx>int  ?  There  k 
no  such  conceivable  pogisil>ility.  This 
fact  hasi.  it  seems,  occurred  to  the  mind 9 
of  tbe  inveDtors  of  the  new  syf^tem  ;  and 
accordingly  a  canon  of  spiritualism  re- 
quiresj  that  in  oitler  to  the  awakening  of 
liie  mysterious  fumiturf-raoving  influ- 
ence, there  must  be  &s.seinbled  n  '*  cirele  " 
technJcaHy  so  called,  of  tanipWe  human 
bodies.*  This  is  It^'caL  Spirits  caunot 
upsvt  the  furniture  them*^h*es;  neither 
civn  they  make  a  mwlinm  of  Electricity 
or  the  Odic  force  ;  but  to  atifect  thege  ma- 
terial objects  thei^  must  be  an  imtnodiato 
bodily  presence.  Now  wo  unhesitatingly 
assiert  that  the  result»  of  this  bodily  pre- 
sence are  not  spiritual  tnanife^tationa. 
For,  either  the  active  TJsible  agents  are 
sufficient  of  theraj*elTes  to  put  the  requi^  , 
site  Operation,  or  they  are  not.  If  tht?y 
are  suRicifnt,  then  there  is  no  need  of 
spiritual^  or  other  interposition.  If  Ibe^ 
art^  not  suttident,  then  if  the  force  ts 
brought  into  operation  at  alL  it  must  t^e 
by  other  than  spiritual  aid,  mce,  as  we 
bare  seeo,  the  sni ritual  M  is  impossible, 
as  the  direct  action  of  spirit  upon  matter^ 
(j,  e.  upon  a  material  force,) 

There  remains,  so  far  as  wo  CAn  see^ 
but  one  way  in  which  physical  phenomena 
can  be  thts  action  of  spirits.  If  the 
spirits  can  obtain  the  complete  control  of 
a  human  agent  j  if  the  pcrsonii  in  a  **  cir- 
ele^" beneath  whose  fingers  a  table  takea 
to  its  leg«  and  perambutates,  are  really 
and  truly  acting  withoot  any  volitton  of 
Uieir  own^  under  the  immediate  |XMffe#fion 
of  spirits^  then,  and  not  other wijie,  may 
these  manifostatlons  be  in  a  certam  sense 
apiiitual.  Let  us  gire  this  question  fuU 
scope*  A  party  of  young  people,  we  will 
suppose,  are  assembled,  and  as  a  sport  of 
the  evening  it  is  truncated  that  they  a^ 
tempt  a  table  moving*  The  party  may 
consist  of  two  potions  or  half  a  dozen. 
They  airange  themseWess  acocn^di^g  to 
mJe^  and  the  table  tips  up  In  due  oourse, 


performs  satisfactory  errolutions.  and  an- 
swers Cjutestions  with  docility,  iflow  IMb 
erident  and  remarkable  effect  has  spnin^ 
a|^)arentlyf  from  the  simpie  laying  on  ot 
hands  of  these  merry-makers.  The  ejE- 
perimMit  wis  made  for  amusement.  Tbo 
plan  was  their  own.  They  are  unoon- 
scious  of  any  sug^entions  but  those  of 
curiosity,  of  any  influence  but  their  own 
love  of  fun.  of  any  power  but  the  touch 
of  their  own  fingers.  The  fun,  and  th* 
tipping^  and  the  Angers,  are  all  that  am 
evident  to  their  senses,  or  to  any  specter 
tor.  But  the  phenomena  are  claimed  as 
a  manifestation  of  spiritual  powen  By 
what  right  or  reason  ?  Some  force  bas 
nwved  the  table.  It  must  have  been  ft 
material  forc«-v  f«>r  no  other  could  produce 
the  etfect  upon  the  material  obicct,  TBo 
foroe  nmst  have  been  called  into  opermtiOD 
by  material  action  alomj  for  no  other 
could  aJlect  a  material  force.  The  ma^ 
rial  action  ts  evident  in  the  af^semblit^ 
and  arrangement  of  the  "  circle ; "  without 
which  it  is  not  pretended  that  there  would 
have  been  any  tipping  of  the  table.  Evi^ 
dentlyj  therefore,  if  there  is  any  f  pirilual 
manifestation  here^  it  must  be  identio&l 
with  the  material  action^  i,  e-  the  material 
act  (that  morry  laying  on  of  hands), 
which  awakened  the  ibn»j  which  muvod 
tlie  table,  must  be  the  spiritual  nvanifest* 
ation.  Now  this  oonld  only  be  true,  if 
the  agents  were  completely  under  thv 
control  of  some  foreign  spiritual  power. 
Their  own  free  agency  musjt  have  been 
destroyed*  The  volition  by  which  they 
laid  their  hands  upon  tho  table  must  hava 
been  a  foreign  volition  and  not  their  own. 
It  is  only  by  this  absolute  annihilatJbn 
of  the  will  of  the  agent  that  spirits  can 
claim  the  acts  of  the  agent,  and,  as  wa 
ha^e  seen,  it  is  only  the  act  of  the  a^nl 
wbich  can  be  the  sf)iritual  manifestatidn. 
If  at  the  mere  requeM  (hidden  influence X 
of  spirits^  the  agents  themselvejs  can 
awaken  a  foroe  which  shall  move  a  tabf&, 
there  is  no  spiritua!  aid  /  and  the  agents 
perform  the  act  as  well  without  the  sag- 
gcfltion,  as  with  it:  so  that  said  suggeiil- 
ive  spirits  could  claim  no  credit  whatevE? 
for  the  efiect,  as  having  any^  the  slightie|^ 
share  in  producing  it 

Their  only  course  is  to  get  rid  of  the 
identity  of  the  agent^  as  an  mtelligent  ac- 
tive canse^  by  the  infusion  into  bis  organ- 
ization of  a  new  eJement^  which  shall 
thrust  aside  and  take  possession  \  of  which 


•  Wfl  ire  toM  thftt  tber«  mrc  ^x^^ption^  tu  the  unlvrr^ai  apphtnfton  rtt  th1<  •'i-anan;  "  tbisi  •tmne*  ptivsl- 


ttUthenUcaifilH     But  evon  tT  ww  wer> 


ifuf,  tbor  Willy  LtrvMHio^  i»  JuaiiujUt^l  li*  ludl^itfUBAbltt  ^^>  kU j'  oC  tb«r  ptvj  Mr«1  iH''ifii)irtii.iiiQnh 


X"-    H   w^Vkk'tm,'   ruiic,  ItiMt* 


ImI  hf  frfaicil  bii  pbjriiail  nun  shill  be 
mtmOmH  tlmliil^jr,  m  if  b^  hia  own 
vfll  ^emaontHf  itxsr^kmd.  Untkr  Biicb 
—twit  b*  b  not  kg  but  tb«  spmt  is  «bso^ 
kttel^  Ae/  bk  $€^km  «ns  laot  his,  bat  th« 
•ettoiM  el  10  tufiiMtl,  forngn,  anihiUting 
Hm^  in  tet  of  another  heing^.  Thu^  to 
Inns  Ui«  OM  b<Mne  td  our  illustrmtion^ 
(a  wttr  U)«  members  of  tlie 
Dip  mn  diber  pro  tem..,  the 
.  (Ch«  ^rita  bAnng  bveome 

r  tn  CAc  Ofvn/^,  Ihiu  losiiif  Uieir 

wmtmt !)  or  the  ipiriti  oiv  n^ 
'  in  wbok^  or  is  p«rt  tli«  ofitnftor«> 
|«l  ilMJ  our  littJe  ''eird«*^  Kre  m  M\ 
md  oanadoni  pofsscssioTi  of  their  r^cti]- 
«■«.  Tb»j  ar«  oot^dotifs  of  the  will  thftt 
f«iiid  Ch^  Ati|;ers  Lh«l  it  wi.«  thetr  awn 
viH  TW  ftet  wiA  tl'ic^ir  own  ftct.'-th« 
pfbtMNWa*  wvrc  iif  their  own  nwi^keiiki^. 
W«  bftn  floppo«ed  •  ^msn  in  which  lh«^ 
WW  piiiiiit  no  MlliOfised  *^in«diuiit." 
SoA  frtancM  nrt  not  unoomition.  But 
l»mifj>  lh»  ^ii«tfmti()fi  Cy^er  into  the 
■■■Hid  tiW>fljM»  of  Spintdom,  kt  & 
vAklfMni  ^vnadlinn*^  b«  introdup^d. 
W«  bftf«ao«r  In  tb*  dfvl«  m  person  whom 
^dkmMm  mwmu  orgtuixftiionj  it  ii  ATerred^ 
s  •Btn0itiiD«iiljr  nmic^Diibl^  to  otdotrie, 
■  * "    ****    or    •*odflic*^  itjt!ij*?nc« ;  imlj 

,  to  tb«  actioti  of  tipinca  An 
of  tbo  mii^ieljc  Ibroti  i« 
^w«  UM  lbs  lingmge  of  the 

'*)— bjr  B  <.tini»«^cle»i  group,  of 
wiith  Ikk  9Muo9pl\hh  mlMduttl  m  on«. 
h willy  tb«  tfisi*  re«alt» tsceuf  w  btlUn^ 


k 


Hb  ''cvfcU,"  tftier  hsritif  bteii  aeited 
•tamt  tb*  iM*  ^T  1  lime,  iimy  dow  frith' 
4nMr  tbcsr  bindji^  perbspA.  and  the  influ- 
•i«w^  «lill  moiiill^  W«  hiT«  neyar 
tfii»M-^*c*iI  th«  fiy*t^  but  wt  irill  iioi  dftur 
iL  t^bk  now  fully  ^  pwumjiitl^ 

ftA  it  mtf  riKxbk*    imfmlM,  eon- 

[  tim  wnUiiiiom^  And  fivv d  eniot  moro 
ipnre.  How  a  ih  not  the 
of'tW  ^nadittm**  which  has 
a#  tlM  ^liMioaiiiM.  llw  tAblo 
withfjiil  h^m,  aiiftwvt«i  qnocimns 
MbMut  hitn.  (k«  hju^  only,  m£  lh«  beii% 
bm^gjtit  an  ihcthuw  of  the  power  which 
•m  pnrfloiiaty  idim  Tbi«  power,  we 
hmm  tli^wtif  WAN  wholly  phyAiaU  An 
inBnM0  Iif  »t  tmrnt  owoimHlj  be  plij^- 
mL  tlw  qucBUon  only  rvniatm — ^Did 
tilt  **BMilliitii"  briiif  an  >ocwrio«i  of 
|ki«cml  |awiT  from  a  ii|>irttttal  Mkureo  t 

Yhe  Jilitt  liiai  thi»  1tjaii\  riiAU-ri^il  iia* 
tisiv  W  b^chly  n*t1n^j  nn^  -t^.^  i4ibli'^  is 
■i^  armncnt  in  fjufv  nal  trn- 

pfWHlliiUty.     Af^iintiii  f«oir«'r, 

m  ktog  M  it  raoiftKiiii  a  aj^uuci  ^i:nUty, 


osn  only  directly  affect  the  ^irituai  no- 
IttJe  part  of  iii*n,  for  w^hit-h  alone  it  baa 
afHnity,  and  thus  indifcctlif  may  tmih. 
his  raatt'ml  pftrt,  through  the  manV  own 
volitions.  It  ia  in  this  way  that  divine 
inspirations  are  oonununic&tcd,  or  that  the 
Spirit  of  God  moven  the  mind  of  man, 
nvithout  Tiolatinf^  hj6  tudividiiality.  Kow 
the  vma  ni«y  t^vc  ytjfuarAtieted  dalioic^ 
of  nerrcit,  and  the  most  shrinking  m^aii* 
tivcEwaHof  conatituiion ;  and  aa  hia  nert^ 
and  his  con^^titution  are  not  ih^  apiritud 
part  of  him,  thoy  cannot  h&ve  the  ali^ht- 
oat  neactioimry  ^ik*ti  upon  any  purely 
spiritnal  impression^  L  e.,  any  iinpraaalon 
which  docs  not  come  through  the  senses* 
OLhc^rwira,  we  mnat  my  (which  would  ba 
moiL^trousi)  that  some  mtm  kp6  so  oonstl* 
tilled  physically^ — tliey  posfleaa  gucb  Ob- 
tuseness  of  Ti^rref— -that  it  is  a  mattorof 
some  difficult r  for  the  Spirit  of  God  to 
aif^ct  them»  We  rtfpciit  it.  An  o eternal 
spirit  which  has  the  povrer  U>  inlluenoe  « 
nmn.  does  not  and  auinot  influence  him 
tbrouffh  his  nerves,  but  applies  directly 
to  hii^  spiritual  part  \  and  no  pecnlianty 
of  a  phyiiii^i)  coiistitution  can  {.tosaJbJ^ 
either  prevent  or  aceelenitc  auch  womm. 
But  migbtj  con  Id  J  or  should  this  samo 
foreign  power  drive  out,  or  overrida,  tho 
native  spirit  of  a  mtka^  uid,  sabitituting  & 
fbretgn  will  for  hiii  will^  rule  his  material 
psrL,  by  an  identification  with  the  physv 
ol  org&niiation,  the  aufsociptibility  of  the 
man's  nerves  would  not  atren^^then  this 
UKurped  dominion  ;  for  the  control  of  bit 

eyaiod  Ittculties  is  do  greater  in  ona 
altbjr  man  than  m  anoLber-*»in  tho 
**nervouj|  inan<n  "  than  b  the  *'  man  of 
nervt' ; "  and  the  forei^  power  on  It 
pOfUH^iisea  t£hfil  (lie  dij^jMHis&itt^d  wili 
ruietl  be/ort,  Thua  no  pecutiadty  of  i 
tnan'^  conatittition  would  lay  btm  open  to 
spirit ual  intlucnee  more  than  aootber 
man,  nor  wuuld  any  physical  iensitiv*- 
nu*A  aid  thf*  ^iioti  of  a  foreign  will  oueh 
Irulling  his  org^ntHm. 

iiut  it  k  irviiient  from  the  oour^e  of  our 
argil rucnit.  that  any  spiHtuul  pon-L^r  t^- 
in^  IKJsx'tiSituu  nf  itio  aiipjKiisfd  "  nitMJiurot" 
ouuld  only  jjoascss  whiit  pkt/$iC(ii  viriim 
alrt-ady  tuciated  in  bini — could  iMit  infuiit 
a  lorvlgii  pli^iloil  virtue,  whacti.  by  iU 
luiturftf  doii  not  belong  to  it.  VVhatovtr 
the  man  eould  do  of  hnnself,  phyftioaliy, 
thai  oould  sny  spiril  do,  [ic^^ssaig  hii 
^ri^MilsiliQClj^aud  no  more.  If.  then, 
thti  mttn  Is  absolutely  a  a'prusetitniivfl  of 
m  spintuid  pn^Nenosii  tt  ean  only  t>e^  tliAt 
tbo  ^pirLiuaJ  pT^eooe  ii  mihig  him  as  a 
eat'«!  paw,  and  ilie  pbvsioftl  powx^r  oxei  t«MX 
is  hi«  own  pbyiL»ciI  powof^  vhick  he 
might  ha^  e.r^rctjntdf  tua  fpofilc,  ^ 


spiritual  Matmalkm. 


foi'e  fiptriitial  p^sesgi&n*  And  this  is 
esfiecially  evidunt  frorn  the  fact  that  the 
external  acti^^n  of  the  medium,  in  hia 
connection  with  Ihe  circJe^  is  precisely  the 
same  as  that  of  any  other  member  of  tho 
circle.  The  new  intelligencje  mires  ting 
him  (if  wii  admit  Buch  occupation),  hji3 
not  ^led  him  to  any  outward  action,  to* 
wari  pttHludug  the  physical  phenomena, 
differing  from  the  action  of  any  one  of 
the  group.  He  has  simply  laid  bis  hands 
mmn  the  tftblcj  like  the  others  |  he  has 
withdrawn  from  the  table,  like  the  others. 
But,  sinc^  whatever  of  extraordinary 
Tirtue  his  preiience  has  brought  in*  being 
physical,  belou|;s  to  bis  physical  organiza- 
tiuDj  is  his  own,  whether  exercised  by  his 
own  will  or  by  a  fonsign  will,  there  iB 
nothing  whatever  in  it  of  a  spiritual  qat 
ture. 

And  finallj,  to  the  utter  exclusion  of  a 
spiritual  power,  in  producing  the  effects 
undtT  discussion,  even  by  the  only  sup- 
posable  means,  a  direct  oocupation  of  the 
agent,  the  **  medium,"  under  all  these 
circumitanecs  of  table- tijtping,  bell-ring- 
ing, itsg-clasping,  guitar-playing^  &c,,  is  in 
conscious  p<>ssession  of  kiit  own  imiitiQns 
— is  in  his  ri|:ht  mind.* 

The  matenal  rirtue,  then,  which  has 
^ne  out  from  this  man,  is  from  no  spir- 
itual source,  and  it  must  be  sought  in 
some  material  difference*  Whether  this 
may*  be  discovered  in  his  coui^titutiODal 
sensibility  to  a  certain  magnetic^  or  other 
influence,  called  into  operation  by"  the  as- 
sembleJ  circle;  whether  it  is  a  power 
inalogous  to  that  of  an  expert  mesmeri^r, 
or  whaU;ver  It  may  bc^  it  is  not  in  our 
provuice  to  investigate  or  determine.  We 
have  business  only  with  the  fact  that  it 
IS  no  spiritual  power ;  and  we  are  driven 
ftt  liLst  to  decide^  that  the  physical  phe- 
nomena connijeteil  with  the  new  J^ystem 
of  behe^  are  not  spiritual  manifestations^ 
BJQoe,  except  by  a  subversion  or  suspen- 
iign  of  nature's  laws,  as  by  a  miracle,  a 
physical  manifestation  of  a  purely  spir- 
itual pr essence  is  ratio nidly  imptMi»ible, 

We  come  to  the  iecond  point  of  dis- 
cussion. The  adTOi^tes  of  the  new  doc- 
trine claim  the  title  of  SpiriiwitUifi  for 
tbeir  system.  The  pretended  revelatora 
themselves  assume  the  title  of  iSpirii^  ; 
and  yet  it  is  a  notorious  clmrticteriatic  of 


their  teachings,  that  existence  in  the 
"  Spheres "  is  a  material  existence,  and 
that  the  iiilmbitants  of  the  Spheres  poa- 
sesB  a  phyi^ical  constitution.  It  is  tm«^ 
that  they  declare  thomselves  to  be  tin 
departed  shades  of  men  and  w*oineii,  wha 
have  *^  Bhnllled  off  this  mortal  coil  j  ^'  but 
they  have  only  slipped  their  heads  into 
the  noofie  of  another  material  hie.  They 
have  a]i.other  body.  They  are  still  em- 
bodied spirits ;  not  freed  from  the  tastes 
and  neceisttie^  of  our  own  more  gro^ 
and  earthy  nature.  A  brief  nff  rence  to 
the  first  volume  of  Judge  Edmonds' 
*^  Spiritualism,"  before  cited,  wiU  conDrm 
thi^  stiitement.  Swedenfaorg  spei^s 
again.  ^Now  spirits''  (he  means  here 
the  p^plo  of  the  sphei-es)^  **  possess  % 
materia]  nature,  and  this  nature^  or  form, 
in  some  is  so  gross^  that  it  is  almost  sub- 
ject to  laws  as  Imperative  as  those  on 
earth.  I  mean  as  material  laws.  Their 
material  nature  is  under  influences  that 
require  obedience,  and  though  th^re  is 
none  of  tlie  physical  suffering  you  have^ 
yet  there  is  as  much  material  necessity 
and  absolute  want  in  proportion  to  the 
grossness  of  their  natures^  as  there  possi- 
bly can  be  in  jour  material  world, *^ 

They  eat,  they  drink,  they  enjoy  the 
fruits  of  Borae  more  perfected  eart^f  md 
shelter  themselves  from  pelting  storms 
in  material  habitations.!  They  are  not 
free  aa  air^  but  are  bound  within  certain 
limits,  while  in  course  of  progression  i 
their  spheres  of  being  only  rather  more 
enlarged  than  ours*  It  will  be  seen  that 
they  must  possese  our  fiTe  senses— ibi^ht^ 
hearing,  smell,  taste,  touch;  Ibr  they 
have  proBpectSf  and  odors,  and  muaic, 
and  fruits,  and  houses. [{  Kow  in  what 
do  they  differ  from  us  1  Only,  as  they 
themselves  declare,  in  degree  of  materi- 
ality* The  things  wluch  are  obstmctiona 
to  us  are  to  them  no  obstacles.  They 
glide  in  to  our  firesides,  the  doors  l>eing 
shut.  They  p&ss  to  and  fro  through  the 
midst  of  us  and  make  no  noise.  They 
are  to  ui  invidble,  and  intangible — in  t& 
far  partaking  of  a  spiritual  naturej  and 
by  just  so  much  bemg  excludeil  from  thi^ 
power  of  impres&ing  ns  physically,  or  of 
mutilating  our  furniture.  But  whilis 
they  are  thus  debarred  from  dirvCt 
physical  action,  no  less  truly  than  If 


*  §0  truo  it  Uj^  iiiMi  h«r  n.|i[H'>tu«  <iftiJ<nll[nM  14  vxerd^WAii  aim- 
him,  hif  ki»  mirit  wiil  biri^lt]^  tJi^ui  fpoiji  tholr  plucei  juiil  direetliig  c 

^  H.  w    ......  ...A   1.  ..I-    .e  .1...  rvd^rf  Ui*  oouttttlMi  wb^r*'"- ■  ' 

i  It  nncitmntf  Xo  «h«lt«r  It^  i 

«l«(lt  L.  1*  flu  illffepcni*-  ^"  ►'■-  '^ 

obltd,  fttix,  vU>,|  9\e. 


xmlrol  of  Ibtt  Qt4}«et»  befo«n 
t7 


IM.] 


Spiritual  Matmaliim. 


IW 


Ibiir  QilmrB  hMd  been  whollj  spiritual, 
|fC  it  bapoMMWL  in  tbe  m^itcnal  rkw^ 
mAm  m  comfmmtgd  queetloD,  whc^ther 
tl^  mMf  ool  wlopt  tiw  inediacj  of  elec- 
Hal,  or  fjthrr  lofioei,  to  cotnmunicate 
vtUi  OS  moruLs.  A  dcspiicb  has  ctime 
iia  lbtt&  yoicvf  «rorR  ftunounciti^  the 
InwtiQQ,  Djr  the  glH>£t  ^f  Benjajniii 
Ihakfai  (how  }mB  tha  gbry  of  &  glio«t 
iifitflcd )  1  of  a  madbiiM  Ibr  the  ipptlk*- 
in  of  ib«  Oijjc  ftirve  to  quasi  in«km* 

eUuil  |Htqioftcii|  uid  one  Ed^rarrt 
Iter  hA«  wrtiteti  m  m  book,  h^w  thitl 
tit  fimt  Ftstiklin  did,  In  bFo«4  day 
(ill*  vhidow  ulitititfc  bdnf  tight  closed), 
aid  with  m  trmirt  of  i&Mi^tanTJ,  appar  to 
bii  BiorUil  rji»,  utid  illuKlratL^  hie  Mud 
IttiailOtl,  vi  rl  armiis  tt  e.rjMTifrtJttili«  ; 
t»  tin  gTMt  ctetHm^nt  of  hi«,  Fowler^ja 

Imp  liBTinir  h^  hati^hn^^  upsia  b^ 

9m  oC  cJtft  <'  'ind  a  pEfi^-at  quant »' 

l^<r  Clw  fi:  !-     Rut  let  m  difl- 

«B(ifr  if  we  rail  t  "        of  these  ano- 


Whigsi. 


ittonif  are  not 


fB^  explicit  u|KM»  ,1,,-  I  Mi^t  lint  f^ive  ua 
lli*fBMfml  idc^  tliAt  th«-)'  |^>ast^j4Ei  ^nme- 


Uw  aubadance  of  t.4ectriciljr- 

mstftrtil  objiJctK  Iik«?  d^o* 

V  m  itmf  tmf.*    But  thrj  do  not 

~  to  ihe  tutum  of  t  forctf,  beyond 

itj  lo  penneatc  i  for  they  ac» 

thm  ateMsity  ck"  reaortmg  to 

«tm  feroe^  to  firoduce  phyai- 


B«r«  IP  «  mfiita]  mnd  patent  inoODilfl- 
iney*  If  them  pf^ti^ntiiitis  animates  hJiro 
A*  povv  io  gni£ip  aiid  coi^iloc  a  tnateriiJ 
tmm^  tbtfj  oiitit  p'"'**"*  ^'^  orgariiza- 
tiofi  A  littk  laon  d«Ra«  than  the  force 


I 


Kow,  by  tlwir  otni  confessloii^  tbeur 
*— '"-  m  not  iitfBaent  to  prvocnt  any 
J  lo  wbftt  WW  know  &■  material 
The  V  tie  rui  t?a  te  thecn«  but  caanot 
L  tb^nv  tririty,  or  the  odic 

iw^  gienii'  objectft  and  &ffcets 

AiiB  too,  MOferiiiii^^  Ucnce  these 
*iplrllo^  poaogaa  hM  deiiKity  (ban  a 
fliyiiey  wm.  ConsequeDtly^  they  cwa 
BO  noro  «flfeet  nich  a  for^  or  rec^viire 
MprontaM  6tMn  tu^  a  foroo,  than  tiiey 
aft  idgmiCLf  tflbct  or  bo  luftueoced  by 
0f/mim  TMblo  Mid  tAHgibLa    to  mortal 

Im  mhm%  1 4«gf«o  of  IK^htfiil  atteDtio- 
Hitt  oro   tfao  ^fam  ermuini   r«diioedl 
tlbii^  ho^m  t«  floiiiovrhcf«  bi  d«t»ity, 
L  llw  fintt  imriiible  gta  aod  pur&i 


unalloyed  sjjiriL  And  yet  the^  thiM 
things  snuff  veuigoa  and  build  castles* 
Tbtnk  of  their  bill  of  fare ;  with  its  rare 
beef;  oh,  how  rare  I  and  it*  inconceivably 
eiher«d  apples.  And  then  tbeir  bouses ! 
We  have  seen  that  the  tntire  compact  and 
solid  the  maturi&it  the  less  could  it  eon- 
tam  and  hem  them  ia  Our  JJood*  cannot 
wet  thetOjt  r*oi"  otir  buildings  protect 
tbem.  But  from  the  sliarper  icmpc'sts  of 
the  "  spheres"  they  fly  every  one  to  his 
dwelling,  \V1iere  are  the  boards,  and  the 
fth ingles,  and  tb©  plastering,  for  tbeir 
•rtisanH  to  work  withal  7  Where  aball 
be  found  the  slender  tools  they  cnn 
handle  7  What  m&oner  of  marbles  and 
^ritual  granites  tnuat  there  be  in  what 
unzmagined  i^uanies  for  these  ahidea  to 
chisel  f 

And  the  wbda  that  blow  in  those 
latitudes  \  Where  shall  we  find  a  eoni- 
parigon  for  th^m  ?  that  rustle  the  unseen 
leoTe*  of  ghostly  forestj^  i  that,  whiAllin^ 
from  within  their  MiAiaii  caves,  call  tip 
spectral  clouds,  laden  with  showers  whose 
tnisty  dilution  would  startle  the  most 
triturated  homceopathist^  to  wet  the 
jacket^  and  chill  the  circulation,  and 
stilTeu  the  joint&^  and  cause  the  limbs 
to  shiver,  of  these  debcate  fiantAstic 
fiubtielics  \ 

But  if,  notwithstanding  the  material 
structure  of  the  **  KpiHU/*  they  are  atill 
shut  out  from  physical  demon !$lration.Sj 
how  will  this  little  peculiarity  aflect  their 
Commtmid^tioQ  by  a  Hying  mediun^  7  We 
smile  sardonically »  W©  cannot  help  it 
We  ire  almost  teoipted  to  lauj^h  outright. 
Why*  only  eeo  the  droll  ilileinnja^  upon 
the  honm  of  which  the  things  afe  this 
minute  toascd!  They  liave^  by  a  most 
uiiforlunate  ofersight,  failerl  'to  claun 
enough  of  the  phy^irjue  to  more  a  huir ; 
but  m  the  aame  breath,  tbi^y  have  coin- 
gnitted  the  unpardonable  blunder  of  claim* 
in g  just  onougb  of  the  pby  bii|ue,  ttideatroy 
their  a^ogy  with  a  nature  purely  sptritual, 
and  thus  to  prevent,  utterly,  that  substt- 
tution  of  thcmjtielveg  for  the  spirit  that  is 
in  mUf  which,  we  have  sc«».  would  be 
the  last  resource  of  a  i^uritual  fiower  seek* 
in^  in  oiitward  expression.  As  oialomt 
beuip  th«y  take  theb-  bodies  wiih  them* 
Thev  lUktiot  oct  without  or  out  of  their 
bodM  JSmi  their  mental  acts  m  so 
ftJt  bodily  that  they  are  performed  within 
the  body.  How  it  ia  impossible  for  auch 
»  oreature  to  obtaia  the  oontml  of  a  mor* 
tal  mediam.     It4  mftteri&l  part  latiJiot 


k 


I  pM»  ff^f  UutMSh  tti«U4 ;  bill  w«  tf  (ti,  aiitl  Ullt  ■  euiToitl  uf  fllrcAiicLt^  * • 
'  '   ^  ~^  '     I  itaim  or  «ul4  wbao  SffflMllilitit  1^^  mttXh-" 


f7#«4»Htfe«tttiS0Ml 


W# 
Oar 


• 


104 


S^ritual  Maieriaiiim, 


[Ao# 


tfi«:€t  the  material  purt  of  the  tDedlam^- 
berng^  vapory  and  intaagible  ;  nor  a^n  its 
spintual  part  afl0ct  the  fipbituml  pmrt  of 
the  mttdium,  being  trunmelled  with  » 
bodily  organization  (how  fine  softTer), 
through  which  it  must  act,  and  which 
fihtJt^5  itoutj  for  evcr^  from  direct  spiritual 
contact 

There  is  rcallj  no  point  of  ooilision  be- 
tween our  nature  and  ancb  a  natnra 
Through  the  senses  we  cannot  eommuni- 
Gate, — those  are  too  delicate,  these  loo 
groaa-  And  since  there  is  no  access  by 
analogous  senses,  through  the  thoughts 
we  cnmiot  communicate ;  for  there  is  be- 
tween tbem  a  material  barrier,  lighter 
than  gossamer,  but  impetietruble  ai  the 
TeU  of  the  future. 

And  now,  what  if  after  all  our  precan- 
tionJi,  we  have  hh  a  loophole  somewhere^ 
and  impertinent  visitors  from  another 
world  have  really  slipped  in,  and  become 
hand  and  glo¥e  with  Judee  Etlmondd,  and 
Dn  Dexter,  and  the  Hon.  N.  P.  Tall- 
madgc,  and  other  odd  fishes  I  What  if 
they  hare  announced  anotbor  gospel,  and 
arc  found  assaaling  the  first  principles  of 
the  Christian's  faith  j  ridiculing  the  time- 
honored  institutes  of  the  old  religion ; 
nndennining  eburcbea ;  setting  at  naught 
and  subverting  the  truth  of  divine  revda- 
tion ;  bringing  in  strange  gods  ?  Where 
are  the  credentials  of  these  heralds  7  and 
are  they  spirits  of  health  or  goblins 
damntid?  Let  their  works  and  their 
teachings  answer.  Their  works  I  The 
credulous  may  find  tbem  in  tricks  and 
grotesque  antica,  worthy  of  narlefidn — 
pocket* handkerehiefg  tied  into  knots ;  fan- 
ciful performances  with  a  fiddlestick; 
stout  men  driven  to  the  wall,  and  held 
fast  by  inmible  hands :  scraps  of  paper 
torn  up  and  thrown  into  people's  faces — - 
and  a  tbougand  such  fooleries  and  mon- 
strosities^ to  frighten  babies  and  driv^ 
hysterical  women  luto  fits.  Their  teach- 
ings I — but  we  must  be  sober.  This  is 
a  matter  that  touches  us  nearer  than  our 
hearthrugs.  Two  years  agOj  wb  might 
have  paised  the  subject  by,  as  an  idl© 
ti^le ;  but  now  that  Spiritualism  numbers 
its  advocates  by  the  hundred  thousand  | 
now  that  there  art*  some  thirty  thousand 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  our  cityj  and 
among  them  men  high  m  dignity  and  in- 
fluence^ who  maintain  that  the  system  i& 
good,  and  of  divine  institution,  it  bocomea 
the  duty  of  a  true  man  to  nnveil  the  im- 
posture— to  m&ke  head  against  its  en- 
croachments, by  fairty  proztm^  it  unrein 
sonable  and  iiiiigen>u& 

We  shall  not  go  ud  and  down  tooollect 
all  the  sayingfl  ma  wntiogs  of  thene 


"  sprrits,*'  The  undertaking  would  be  too 
laborious,  and  the  result  entirely  chaotieu 
We  shall  still  confine  ourselves  to  a  single 
authority,  and  tbns  avoid  the  charge  of 
searching  wide  for  contradictions.  la 
this  one  volume  of  Edmonds^  we  have  a 
professed  compendium  of  "  Spiritualism,** 
so  ^  as  it  is  revealed — in  fine,  a  spediJ 
revel  atioa 

It  would  be  quite  unnecessary  %o  at- 
tempt any  direct  proof  that  Webster,  and 
Bacon,  and  Swedenborg  did  never  appear 
in  proper  person,  to  make  the  revelations 
charged  upon  them  in  the  book  before  us. 
It  is  therein  confeaaed,  that  great:  name% 
and  especially  the  name  of  Swe<lenborg, 
have  been,  in  numberless  instances. /a/^/|^ 
assumed  by  the  '*  spirits^"  in  ordei  to  ai- 
tnct  attention ;  and  since  lying  and  for- 
my  are  held  by  the  best  of  them,  as  Tery 
light  and  trivial  ofTences;,  and  entii^lj 
justifiable  when  made  to  serve  a  good 
purpose^  the  question  is  put  beyond  argu- 
ment, and  the  identity  of  the  revelatioos 
may  be  admitted  or  not,  according  to  tb« 
reader^s  taste. 

At  the  ot>ening  of  this  ji^mt  we  referred 
to  the  fact  that  the  **  spirits  **  do  directlj 
diselatm  any  divine  sanction  for  theif 
**  mission-'* 

Natural  cmise^^  they  declare,  have 
led  to  such  a  development  and  sublima- 
tion of  the  human  race  npon  earth,  that 
they  are  now  (it  to  commune  with  l>einga 
of  a  finer  make^  The  progress  of  science 
is  one  of  the  tokens  of  this  snblimfltion, 
and  it  is  by  means  of  science  that  a  pAth 
has  been  opened  into  an  advanced  stage 
of  being,  atong  which  we  may  pass  and 
repasStbotdii^g  pleasant  conversation  with 
dead  men,  and  becoming  intim&ie  itith 
futurity.  This  dedaration  strikes  at  the 
root  of  the  ancient  creeds  of  Christendom, 
In  place  of  that  rewartl  of  moral  e^cet^ 
lenct^  offered  by  the  founders  of  the  hoi  j 
Christianity,  and  insight  by  a  sublime 
faith  into  Inooncei Table  heavenly  m^-st©- 
rics — there  is  here  substituted^  a  stnstbU 
vinmi  and  a  handling,  through  eleotri^ 
city  and  magnetism,  of  another Itfe.  when 
are  the  tilling  of  fields,  the  building  of 
houses,  and  scbool%  and  politics,  and 
storms  and  hunger^  and  all  necessities 
from  which  the  tired  man  long^  to  escape 
when  he  ties  down  in  the  grave:  and 
into  this  liie  we  may  creep  in  the  natura 
courfe  of  thingM,  like  the  dusty  mot] 
from  the  cocoon  of  the  silk  worm.  Th« 
at  the  very  outset  we  are  assaulted  in  our 
most  cbenahed  citadel  of  hope,  ftnd  i^ntn- 
moncd  to  ddirer  up  a  rich  an  ■  ^ 

promise  for  a  meagre  and   u;  < 

reftlityf  upon  tho  nucre  dicta  u(  ik  ^u^^pi- 


fi  hmiud  bj  t2i$  lipping  of 

Bat  Ib^  prasamptiati  ddea  not  pftU8« 
I  ddik    lh»  **mppmgs,"  alihough  not 
f  to  b«  IV«tti  hafcVEU,  »T«  y<?t  Mid 

.  »5  ^ 


» 


iB  tt  ^'  MW  dispeosftUoa/^  eupple- 
i  npsrkiri  lo  ihiu  of 
iMitiiitir* 

■As  iii»Ser  thi  Home  dls»njMitioR," 
Jitdf»  EditkotKU,  *'aiftiiKind  w«r9 
hi  Ike  BxiflliRios  it  om  Gc4f  fm^er 
t  Sbn  irartlupped, 
*tim  Obriatnui  dbpenAfttJon 
Itar  v«r«  tatt^l  tlie  ImiiiOTUlity  of  the 
ml.  and  Us  txirtaio  for  ever ;  m  dow, 
SMia-  Ikb  new  diipiaMitioo,  it  b  being 
miriid  li>  tbcDS^  in  tin  fbtt  tinie^  what 
fat  slBle  ar  QSiilaice  ii  j  nod  bow^  iit  this 
M,  tfavf  tPijT  well  and  vrtMl j  prepftft  to 
mitg'  vpm  that ;  and  make  it  either  in- 
inenlialilT  norrowful,  or  mejcpresBiblf 
lapf^r.^  irilijaatalim>e&t  be  true,  ihm 
fa  ^  niw^  dlipttiiitioii  ^^  which,  Jifr  ths 
itm  iimt^  iMH^iea  man  the  nnture  of  a 
mmm  lih^  and  bow  hv  m&y  fitly  prv|tare 
ir  k,  fiv  toiBiW^niiw  in  dignity  and  im- 
fvfaea  fa  fftppmaimi  of  Mo8^  and 
af  Cfaraiti  winch,  H  s^em^  only  contain 
fa  Ywfal  abadract  truths  of  reiigton^- 
fai*«  oai^  and  tuati^A  tmiuortahty. 

f  it*  VI  niMl  idtnit  the  mon- 
^  t]M4  tba  Creator  has 
rmalod  what  waa  neoMsary  fixr 
nut'i  fkiHtre  baiipiiiiaKt — tlia^  in  spU  of 
faa  niiglact^  iJna  rvralalioii  has  oome 
faB  MOfi  boaToUnt  bdoga— and  that 
a  inrfiiii'iii  wbieb  »  ooci&itiiedly  not  1h»Eu 
fad,  fairrw  a  taore  proloiind  respi^ci 
Ifaa  asy  diTioa  Ffv«|atm. 
K«r  la  it  aomiKh  ttiatf  by  a  wilfut  and 
1  Ibey  should  degrade 
\  to  toe  ]«vel  of  thvlr 
nt  they  abftoluti^ly  i(< 
by  insinuations  and 
the  Tery  ^criplure& 
i  lo  the  propheta  ana 
a>  tbif  ilioiild  dooftnn  and  iUua- 


■a^  "^yoiir 


.»^.»^ 


jod  c 


1  wfiWra*" 
1fa&  fay  bata  do  tdia  that  God  crealad 
In  fidco,  an  thi?  Cttber  of  a  race  ; 
faiic  iaannat  tuiJtake  to  j^iippuw  thv 
i  raa  u»  ba  in  a  fallao  morw  oosdi* 
boi  thai  what  w#  hara  hmm  aooua- 
fa  lUl  of  man  m  only 
duyifB  to  hiji  tn^nifd  and 
tan^  prfMlioed  by  tba  imsriaiB 
it  aaunbtfa,  fa  wiabi  ma  mmmkkm^ 
wfaH  ipait  ai^otmd  him,  fa  oeoapatm 
if ItfafaMfitta  wiib  fa  cirawmiafMat  oT 
fa  mmmM  )iU,  and  fa  enlin  diroodim 
if  lit  fatal  fram  ipkiiual  lldiigi  (4  a. 


■     **fa  mal 

IP        MfafalM 


spl ritual  intercourse)  to  su%*cts  of  earth." 
*'  When  there  were  few  persons  on  earth.*' 
say  they,  '^  and  the  sjiirit  intercourse  wt& 
frequent,  of  course  the  mindH  of  men  were 
directed  to  spiritual  things;  but  when 
the  world  was  more  thickly  pecjpled,  then 
it  was  that  the  necessities  of  life  compellofl 
man  to  work^  to  devefope,  to  in  rent,  to 
construet^  and  these  oocupationa  pre- 
vented that  &^om  of  fipiritUAl  communi* 
cation  which  enlisted  previously.'^  ( We 
cannot  avoid  noticing  parent  he  ticallyt 
that  this  itrange  theory  of  the  faU  of  man, 
apart  from  its  contradiction  of  the  story 
of  Mos^  and  apart  from  the  general  non- 
sense of  it,  is  hardly  reconciLible  with 
man's  present  revtoration  to  the  state  of 
spirit^communion  from  wliich  he  had  fall- 
en — in  an  age  rather  remarkable  for 
workings^  and  developments,  and  ittven- 
tiona,  and  constructions — especially  smce 
these  very  developmeats  and  inventiona 
of  icaeooe  havt  effect td  the  satd  reAbom* 
tion).  They  !woome  bolder.  **Otm 
creat  feature  of  these  revelatious  (wrilet 
Sweden borg)  ii  to  disabuse  the  mind  (of 
men)  of  errors  which  have  been  ingraflod 
ou  their  henrts,  as  the  result  of  an  ovar- 
w«»ening  faith  in  the  doctrines  erroneously 
iaculoited  a^  of  Qod,  and  as  faimd  in  the 
Bible,^» 

Now^  he  says  again.  "  Thetv  is  no  atsoh 
thing  aa  understanding  God^  separate 
from  his  works,"  *'  Nature  every  where 
is  Ood^s  acknowledgment  of  hi  nisei  (g  and 
is  enough  to  satisfy  the  mo«tt  e«mest 
longtng  of  aU  meo,  if  it  had  not  been  per- 
verted by  the  ariM  of  man.  anei  the  am* 
cerUd  plaji*^  tof&rm  a  church  on  earth 
which  should  shadow  to  the  world  God 
at  a  itpirit,  but,  in  reaUly,  peraonating 
Ood  a^  a  nian.^'  This  is  pretty  itrong 
language.  If  nature  is  sufflcient  for  the 
most  earnest  longing  of  all  men,  then  all 
other  re^'elation  is  super fluous  i  and  if  the 
plan  of  forming  a  ohurch  on  earthy  and  of 
ahadowJti|  God  as  a  e^pirlt^  originated  in 
the  arts  of  man,  tiken  is  the  fiible  and  Our 
whole  religion  a  lie.  But  this  is  not  the 
only  ocoaswn  upon  which  the  inspirations 
of  Scripture  are  attributed  to  thu  arts  of 
man.  The  whole  mystery  whkh  envel- 
o|jcs  tlie  nature  and  passion  of  Christ  is 
dodirod  to  be  the  mrontion  of  the  *^  loadorv 
of  the  tben  new  njvelallon,*^  pruolaimedj 
fos  motif^a  of  '^poflcy,"  to  oretaw*  the 
Bfa^oCmiointobalisft 

Hwm  er«fttttPM  say  that  the  mouI  of 
man  baa  been  iibockingly  tranirnnlUHl  and 
fatiBBked  in  by  the  ctttm  rehgiaua  teadr 
iifl  of  t^le  (ia>«t— ^hat  it  ratiat  wm  b« 
ffanted  the  "^frmdom  f>f  mMamd 
ihmgUp  in  order  tliat  it  may  ""  throw 


165 


Spiritual  Maimalhim 


[Al^< 


ofT  ftU  bonds  of  sect  or  denommntlon," 
and  "ft?el  the  fij^t  glow  of  honest  exultar 
tion^  tbnt  its  nltimati;  dentin j  is  limited 
to  no  pulpit,  or  the  farth  taught  al  its 
altars."  TheiT  wrath  bums  hot  a|iainst 
all  ^^sect  and  denomination/'  Under  this 
head  they  c^numcratc^  the  Chnrch  of 
Rf>me,  the  Church  of  England,  Presbjr- 
ienans,  Dutch  Reformers ;  all  otlier  sects 
and  denominations  of  Christmna  are,  of 
ooursej  included  in  this  categjry.  If 
there  is  any  thing  needi?d  to  crown  this 
monstrous  impiety  and  blasphemy,  it 
may  be  found  in  the  daring  impudence 
with  which  a  reverend  disoiple  of  the  new 
ijstem  has  proclaimed^  that  "  whatever 
of  divine  fundnmenlal  principle,  absolute 
truth,  and  essential  righteousnesSj  there 
is  in  the  Bible,  in  the  popnlar  religion^ 
and  in  the  established  churches,  will 
stand.  It  cannot  be  done  away*  On  the 
contrary,  it  will  he  corroborated  and  ful- 
filled by  Spirit  Slanifestations." 

But  wiil  this  sytftcm,  thus  hostile  and 
uolitaryj  stand  by  ita  own  strength  ?  la 
it  a  rational  system,  as  it  pretenda  to 
be  1  We  will  hastily  glance  at  the  lead- 
ing characterislics  of  it. 

And  firnt.  as  to  the  nature  of  God  and 
his  relations  to  man,     We  are  told  that 
the  Creator  is  ^^  The  Umversal  Gferm  ; " 
that  '^  the  soul  of  man  is  a  part  of  Ood'^ 
and  Jtaelf  a  **  genn,^^  and  an  olfshoot  of 
the  parent  "  germ,"  ig  placiHi  in  the  em- 
bryo to  lie  deTeloped.     This  souU  this  un- 
developed part  of  God.^un folds  in  life 
and   (springs   op   toward   perfection*      It 
passes  through  one  stage  of  being  after 
another,   and    ascends    from    sphere    to 
sphere^  until,  having  arrired  at  its  highest 
glory,  it  is  ready  to  return,  thus  perfect* 
^  into  the  bosom  of  the  God.     Here  we 
have  a  threefold  mystery^an  undevelop- 
ed God^giving  off  parts  of  himself  which 
dcvelope.  and  the  object  and  end  of  whose 
derdopment  is  a  return  to    the  unde- 
veloped source  from  which  they  emanated. 
A^ain  we  arc  told  that  "*  God  exists  afl  a 
principle  ;''^  that  we  can  only  obtain  a 
ratiouju  idea  of  dim,  as;  a  principle — ''  still 
fwolving  itself  into  direct  and  pertinent 
manifestations  of   the    inconiprehen.sib1e 
fpeciabties  of  his  nature*"     The  pasfsagc 
id  80Tnei^'hat  obscure*     We  are  left  to  con- 
jecture what  would  be  a  direct  and  perti- 
nent manife^^tation  of  an  tncotnprebensible 
Rp^riality  of  the  nature  of  a  principle — 
wliicb  we  may  <a11  indiscriminately — God 
_jx^ujc-   Our  confufiion  rs  made  hardly 
l«n  <¥inr'"^'i'^^l  >^v  an  application  of  this 
-wi^r  ;    "Hu^'  iV,fH})  '*Jsone 

fj|f&:_.  I  any  dtytmctu"e  charac- 

lisyie  la  10  pirsQQ  or  if  thi« 


is  so — ^and  who  should  donbt  it? 
should  the  pame  principles  '"^  (to  wit,  i 
Bouls  of  menX  **  emanating:  fmm  thfs 
source;,  possess  properties  distinct  from 
the  germ  &om  whence  they  &pning  1  ** 
We  doubt  our  ability  to  render  brilliancy 
more  luminous  by  any  oommcnt  But 
we  are  not  to  escape  so  easily.  **  God  la 
the  very  ^piril  of  life  in  every  thirty / 
and  it  is  eternally  at  work  subbmating 
and  progressing  every  partieJe  of  matter. 
from  the  rudest  form  to  ita  ultimate  ertd 
the  immortal  spirit  of  tnan  t  *'  Oh ! 
oh  1  oh  I  God — a  germ,  a  principle,  an  it^ 
a  he,  the  gpint  of  life  m  every  particle  of 
matter!  The  soul  or  spirit  of  man — a 
progressive  little  germ,  a  little  prindple, 
an  offshoot  from  this  great  germ  or  prin- 
ciple, and  the  sublimation,  the  ultimate 
end  of  every  particle  of  matter  I— Spirit, — 
matter^  —  germs,  —  principles.  —  ultimate 
ends— <»h,  for  the  due  of  the  daughter  of 
Mtnos  t 

We  might  go  on  to  increase  our  own 
and  the  i^eps  bewilderment  with  such 
sentences  as  this:  *' Light  is  the  pure 
etsmce  of  God  which  the  sun  reflects  into 
your  system."  But  we  refrain*  This 
anomalous  deity*  iihorn  of  bis  personality 
and  transform^  into  s-ome  subtle  and  in- 
oomprehi?iisible  esi^ence,  is  yet  endowed 
with  the  attributes  of  holiness^  wisdom^ 
and  supreme  love,  and  declared  worthy 
of  all  worship  and  affecdon* 

Now  it  k  clear  as  the  light,  that  van'oiia 
intellectual  and  moral  qualities  cannot,  in 
any  human  conception,  belong  to  a  prin-^ 
ciple,  a  pervading  e^i^noe,  an  im  per  spinal 
agency  j  but  only  to  a  being. — separate, 
distinct,  pergonal.  The  attempt  then,  to 
make  of  an  imjiersonal  divinity  an  objf^t 
of  direct  worship,  or  pbetlienco,  or  any 
moral  affection,  is  a  miserable  frnJur^  and 
must  inevitably  fall  to  the  ground. — 
Again  ;  The  soul  or  spirit  of  man.  aa  "a 
part  of  fiodj"  existed  from  all  eternity. — 
*^  not  in  a  sentient  form,"  but  *"  as  a  prin- 
dplo  from  the  beginning,** — in  an  unde- 
veloped identification  with  the  paR^nt 
germ.  But  the  property  or  sentiment  of 
man's  nature  usually  called  suparstiLion, 
is  said  to  be  the  recognition  by  his  spirit 
of  its  origin,  and  a  recollection  of  some- 
thing that  nas  impressed  its  cmufciotiM- 
nesa  before  it  came  into  the  world  (whit«i 
it  was  yet  not  sentient )  1  There  is  a 
slight  incongruity  in  this.     Let  it  fK^ss. 

Whether,  previous  to  being  pb ■    *•  Mie 

embryo,  it  may  have  been  sec  i- 

consdous,  nothin g  is  more  str^j ^^ . .  .  ^  , ,  L- 
ed  u{Kin,  thun  that  the  soul  was  and  is  a 
part  of  Giidn  We  wish  to  eximiise  thia 
doctrine* 


I8MJ 


Spiriiua!  Matmatism. 


m 


I 


» 


nk  wemX  or  ipint  at  tnmn,  u  once  bo- 
^  lo  tii«  gn*l  whob  of  the  Ddtj, 
'  iVfiAfiikvl  from  that  ututTf  to  be 
wtthtii  It  inortAl  bociy.  is  tbso* 
hildj  rfernK^ev/.^iJi  rtduotd'  from  th« 
iiirttil  ni^Mit^  tnd  freedom  of  drfinitf 
lo  iKt  PVUy  mtoerioAof  ■  mut^ml  |>nac>n ; 
mad  91  doomd  to  thui  c^pthity,  not  for  a 
Imif  ii|M9  af  thfvcwYin^  jcftrK  but  f«jr 
naknown.  Kay  more,  wo  ire 
aamrwl  tlimt  it  urilJ  n^^r^r  ti^tln 
to  ilB  pralim  pc*tn«8s^  for  it  c^n 
aeftr  afiiii  tiocatiMi  iWrhod  m  the  God 
"Mil  htm  lU  |PBraotial  if!entkjr« 

ITtet  b  it  that  w«  nn^  here  isk^d  to 
liA^  I  Whj,  jii^t  tbJ« ;  thtt  thore  eji- 
IMal  mmte  tit  miluitc  jiupmiDe  ftitd  perfect 
G«d ;  th^  thi&  Gol,  <»f  hit  otrti  free  frill 
fl»d  plfsmirv,  did  M'purato  himself  into 
mmkj  pttrU  t  ttut  otu  great  pvt  djd  re- 
tn  Um  imme  end  ftitfibntcs  uid  libertaea 
•C  GmI,  while  tibo  ratMioaer  pirtHp  lOiiit 
•p  vitliifi  «  ctrfem  Hffow  framework^ 
«d  into  me%  whose  fate 
be  snbjeet    t^  th«  God 


-la  worrilb  mA  «terve  tliat  |i*rt — to 
■ml  to  kW  ^  thit  thtia  tli«re  luw 
tttaia  HI  imiseilbel  a  reduced,  a  firactloniil 
CM ;  th^  rfery  nirw-i^re&ted  «oul  robs 
flb  aow  tcstating  Gtxl  ot  a  ^lOrtkia  of  hii ti- 
■tf ;  tiMI  «t  worship  now  a  /^##  God 
our  JbreJkthcrs  wor»hip[}cd,-^iii 
iponla^  that  the  proportion  of  the 
Oii  tao  worsht^iiitc  parts  of  th«» 
pdlf  to  tSia  i^orioiis  and  ^ortihi|^i|)ed  |iart 
ii  incfCMOf  ID  a  fearful  ratio  S 

Mm  ^*  i|pivit  OT"  K'ul  of  man,  if  it  was 
il  te  liWrtOiP  ft  fiaH  of  (lo^i.  ijartak' 
xmxur9  and  gElontf*t — Liirl«a§ 
otia  i&crcaiiD  of  6ii//r  it  may 
of  GotS^  which  is  mon- 
fttwuitl).  cati  rif?v«r  reach  any 
Kit  than  itorigi^aJiy  pos- 
I  W  iho  idea  of  a  God  as  the 
CVntior  and  cr^d  of  &11  E^rf.vtion,  a  mil- 
lay,  and  ail  uothbg. 
Ilia  aoid  oi  !  by  the 
•finlaatiflti*.  )i   iw^i-t 

viO^dm  If  li  lio  mtj^rt"!  lip  cluflo  ui  tbe 
baly  Jbr  a  titno  and  Arially  icel  free— that 
!•  ill  ena^  fhrm  bundage,  but  no  a^l* 

HiMrteaioat  pftmilnent  and  popular 
If  ill  t^  teachinita  of  tba  ti^w  rctclatkm 
K  lltti  mm  waa  created,  ffjdsUi  only  ^ 
lli  k  born  that  be  may 
For  tlua  im  trarels  tlinnigti  a 
1  pmvthl  lite*    For  tbL  be 


throws  oft  his  mortality*  and  appears  in  a 
niorc  Tolattle  ishitpc.  to  uiiderjr^'*  a  o*?w 
8«rri€^  of  stnisfpk\4  aijd  clastic  transmit  ra- 
tions tlirough  indefiiiitc  agies — iind  hnving 
finished  hjfl  course  of  rarificatioo.i,  be 
emcrf^es  completely  purified  and  **  pro- 
ftressed" — ^  spirit  It  is  not  ihc  liody 
which  progresses  ;  that  is  slouphetl  oif — 
worn  away*  It  is  not  the  dethT^ned  and 
enslaved  aoalj  this  fraction  of  the  \pfU 
head,  which  proiJ^rcR^.** ;  for,  after  a  te- 
dious emaiielpntion.  fhat  is  restored  to 
less  than  its  orij^toal  divinity. 

But  let  ns  follow  the  proce.ss-  The 
ereation  of  man^s  mortal  boily  is  thus 
glowiuglr  described :  •"  Imagine  the  Spirit 
of  the  ^ir*it  Great  Cause" — (the  imagi- 
nation h  here  gorely  put  to  it,  in  consid- 
eration of  Germs,  Inifientonal  E^i^^ienoes, 
Prindples,  Mid  Spirits  of  life  in  every  par- 
ticle of  oiatter — to  form  a  very  virid  con- 
ception of  the  Spirit  of  the  Great  First 
Cause) — ''  moTing  in  the  glory  and  power 
of  his  nature  among  the  germs  of  suns 
and  worlds,  scattered  through  i$pace,  aud 
wandering  in  orbits  as  eccentric  as  I  he 
Tcry  confumon  of  a  beginning.  Imagino 
at  Ihc  mere  breathing  of  his  voice  (an 
impersonal  Toiee)  1  world  upon  worhl  in 
dumb  obedience,  marshallini:  them.sehM 
in  the  veij  orbits  which  that  to  ice  com- 
manded. And  then  from  the  elements 
around  he  cat  Is  up  light  and  heat,  and  in- 
stitutes laws  which  since  that  period  have 
governed  all  nature*  Behold  1  from  the 
farthcrcflt  (1)  rerge  of  this  dark  space, 
comes  gleaming  through  the  thick  toii^ts 
a  ray  brijrhter  than  the  sun  !  It  t^aeihes 
and  ilknoines  every  ibing  around.  It 
penetmUvH  into  every  particle  of  matteri 
and  out  from  the  incongruous  mass  it 
generates  that  which  God  has  dei^tined 
should  be  the  dwellmg-placo  of  a  portion 
of  bimself^the  body  of  man  I "  • 

Welly — the  creation  is  complete.  The 
iotd  is  incarcerated  l  and  this  hybrid 
being  plods  through  the  world,  and  at 
death  undergoes  another  transformation^ 
We  have  various  descriptions  of  the  sts^ 
oni  change.  The  new  body  is  either  ex- 
haled as  a  sort  of  '^ cloudy  frame"  from 
the  fonaken  corpse  i  or  it  is  an  entirely 
n«w  ereaiiofi  of  new  materiaU.  prepared 
and  waiting  for  the  expected  tk.<nant ;  '^  ^r 
it  is  or  may  be  that  tlie  i«oul  after  leaving 
the  earth  gentrate*  i/n  own  form  P^  ile 
that  aa  it  may,  one  stt'p  of  prog  real  ham 
b««a  made^  and  the  man  is  now  to  die 
leoond  sphere,    tf  he  died  suddenly,  (rutn 


*  tf^i^i  WlO iktm  baa  th#  MO)  of  tb*  ftrumwi  {U  mf  aalM&t  ^  tli*  nteipliitk  temh 
M^tbnittitt^lfti^KiMnona«tiiflnlt«,La  Uito  mwiitii)^  wt  w^ti^  andlalMttHlln 
It^r  Wa  iJ  a  iptctJ  ummmk\tMm  ga  Uift  potol. 


m 


Spiritual  Matrtialism. 


[Atff. 


ftpoplerr^  h*  remafni!  pot^  in  the  iJr 
hj  Kis  own  wei^htj  id  %  itAte  of  fcmi-an- 
conseiousne.'^,  for  nti  tmspecifiDd  length 
of  time — ^{if  he  di*i  nor  die  siiddonlj, 
from  apoplexy,  the  porbd  of  UB«>nscioii9- 
nesa  is  ^^hortcned. )— and  when  he  becomes 
thonrufihiy  awake  to  his  nOTol  attiiationj 
his  frieuds  come  up  to  shake  hands  with 
hitn.  and  away  they  all  go,  hy  the  pro* 
pulsion  of  ft  wi.sh,  to  some  pl«net  whither 
the  **  law  of  affinities  "  may  draw  them : 
**  for  the  second  sphera  embrvoes  not  only 
this  CArth  biit  many  wortda,  nad  to  e*ch 
of  the  globes  in  this  circle  do  fipiritfl  most 
•dapted  go."  In  fact  &  sphere  is  i  circle 
of  worldly  which  the  material  "spirit*'  is  reen 
fitted  to  inhftbit  *crN?rding  to  the  purity 
of  his  mftterial  staniftutie,  tnd  throughout 
which  crrcle  he  has  free  range  of  locomo- 
tion, tie  ftxcSj  howeTer,  upon  a  particu- 
lar i»lohe,  for  ft  residen<^* 

If  ere  he  gives  in  his  adhesion  to  the 
goremment,  builds  a  house,  cultivates  a 
garden^  and  becomes  domesticated.  He 
perhaps  had  been  &  married  man  upon 
eftrth.  If  the  law  of  affinities  should 
lead  his  wife  to  the  same  world,  they  may 
be  reunited. 

But  sfnoe  this  erentuality  is  qnite  niK 
certain, — especially  as  "  in  one  stage  of 
existence  the  affinities  which  &ttr&ct  male 
to  female,  and  otherwise,  might  net  as  a 
repel  1ft nt  in  ftnother  staiJej" — and  as  the 
distinction  of  sexes  is  still  preserved^  And 
the  unclaimed  wives  must  be  nunierons^ 
a  new  selection  ts,  without  doubt^  admis- 
sible. But  upon  this  topic  there  is  stu* 
died  ohscarity,  and  the  imagination  is  left 
to  its  own  license, 

A  referi*nce  to  Mahomet,  howeverj  in 
terms  of  praise — an  assertion  that  be 
wrote  under  the  influence  of  s^pirit  iwt- 
prtmums — that  there  iire  many  truths  m 
his  writings — that  if  divested  of  a  eertain 
cnrthy  admixture  th"'*7  w>idd  ghadow 
forth  mftfiy  scenes  of  the  spheres  beyond 
earthy  and  that  it  is  not  impossible,  but 
even  probable,  that  ^"  he  is  in  the  beauti- 
lul  ^rdena  he  has  so  graphically  de-^ 
■cnbod,*'  *  may  perhapa  be  thought  to 
give  a  ^fOf  to  free  s^jeculation.  At  ftll 
e^nts  this  doctrine  of  ftflinities  ch«nges 
into  dismal  uncertainty  the  eager  hope  of 
a  restoration  of  partH  friendSj  elsewnete^ 
encouraged 

In  this  second  sphere,  the  indolent  man 
and  tlie  lover  of  nature  ftre  ejichftnted  by 
ft  picture  of  enticing  shadea  and  purling 
atreams,  and  the  scenery  of  southern 
Itftly.    Inde^  in  the  visions  of  ephencal 


wew. 


landscapes,  there  is  but  one  pecnliartly 
which  may  not  be  found  in  ft&y  moderate* 
ly  picturesqae  book  of  travel  a.  or  " 
by  a  ffnminer  trip  to  Schooley^s  Mounl 
or  PopocatapetL  That  peculiarity  Is  m 
the  sky.  It  is  true  that  Swedenborg, 
upon  removing  &om  earth  to  the  M& 
sphere,  perceived  no  diflerence  in  the  akf 
except  an  increased  e!e&me^  and  briJ- 
lianry.  But  Judge  Edinonda  describes 
a  most  remarkable  appearance^-and  we 
have  his  word  for  it  that  the  Tislon  is  an 
aocorate  representation  of  the  n^ity.  '- 1 
saw  no  sun/*  says  he,  "  yet  there  was  the 
ejjlendor  of  mid-day*  A  few  clouds  were 
m  the  sky,  reposing  quietlyj  like 
every  thing  else  I  saw^  and  they  wem 
tinged  from  time  to  time  with  ever  cbj 
ing  colors  J  now  pure  white,  like  hi 
banks  of  snow  i  now  of  a  golden  ho^ 
imparting  a  pleasant  sense  of  w&mith  \ 
anon  atrckked  with  crimson  and  bronie^ 
and  all  set  off  by  the  purest  bine  as  their 
background  J* 

Wondering  where  the  light  (S)uld  come 
from,  his  "  vision  was  opened'*  and  he 
*Miscovered  iliat  the  air  was  tilled  with 
bright  and  shining  spirits,  from  each  of 
whom  emanated  light  of  different  hueSj 
which  mingled  together,  and  made  the 
t9Ut  emtm^k  that  so  struck  hini  (me)^** 

Some  of  these  variegated  "  spirits^' 
were  reposing  on  banks  of  clouds  (which 
doubtless  streaked  them  in  such  &  sirange 
fashion)  ;  some  were  darting  rapidly  to 
and  fro ;  others  were  suspende^l  motioei- 
less  in  niid  air.  But  how  the  clouds  w^m 
produced  in  such  an  fttiuosphere;i  how 
they  could  be  visible,  with  so  dazzling  a 
bght  between  them  and  the  eyes,  how 
they  manaired  to  impart  at  times  a  pleas- 
ant sense  of  warmth,  and  what  could 
cause  the  background  of  blue,  behind  the 
clouds  and  beyond  aU  the  light  ilself^^ — 
these  are  left  among  many  other  myste* 
ries  to  be  guessed  at. 

If  one  be  of  a  roving  difpofiitjon,  and 
not  given  to  sloping  bftnk£^  ftnd  6owera| 
and  cottages^  <tVGTy  facibty  is  offered  for 
travelling.  He  may  follow  the  track  of 
the  planets  in  their  revolutions.  Ho  may 
chase  home  the  comets  to  their  myste- 
rious  hidjijg-pliicea  among  the  stars — pro- 
vided always  he  slujuld  not  be  led  beyond 
the  limits  of  his  sphere^  or  temptetl  80  far 
away  from  his  chosen  residence  as  Co  be 
unabte  to  return  to  his  meals^  or  at  least 
to  get  bock  by  bed-time;  for  the  necessity 
of  supporting  life  by  proper  food  and 
aletp,  must  interfere  somewhat  with  too 


*  Tht  tetptm^a^  It  thti— to  «  oOQiiiiiinlc&tlaiti  ftom  Trtneti^  Lord  Clitn9i>nor  BMom  t— "  Wb«r«  b»  li  I 
hMv  ftot,  bat  ixirh^fn  N  ti  In  tli*  N>*atSM  finiHi  he  hu  so  fnpbiotU/  dBMr(b«^" 


JUL] 


Spifituat  Mutinm 


let 


mom  fivm  1  locilit^  of  nst  j  wkI 

'Milt  vml  is  1  co8iiiO|M}lit«  ftmjd  the 
«f  worlds'*  jct  tlic  iohiibiUiite 
t^  worlds  in  dtniod  lUI  aooess 
It  llift  mdett  «boft  him,  unlil  he  mMj 
nuA  tk«B  »  due  oourw  of  promtHm, 
Ihiipbmtt  «f>pe«r  to  be  pticed  in  k^- 
ll%frOmlk»  Qfst  tip  to  thi;  mrcnih,  ^Und 
or  ft«ps  imti!  thm  point 
It)  !■  reached,  ^ns  in  ctirlr^H  of 
;  WH  toflttfl*''  Our  e*nh  liclfifjsps 
li  tti8  fff  «^1  *ri!i**mj  ftljMi  to  the  juxx^nd 
lytef^  ;  *  nsOVCT  A  Bort  of  Taphct 

iv  iftlMi  I  he  bi^lier  Kphorvs  vwliQ 

f  ^>Ui4'il  iioR]t>  riAturii]  law  ;  and 
i  It  b  ukpu  in  the  upward  course  of 
1  lod  «bot]iin{iy<3  spirils  whose 
f  w^ght  his  sunk  th«!m  below  Ibe 
«rtb«t  Mid  who  ftA  coming  ap^  AgmiD  re- 
pMlXQ^  sod  hiioywitv  Our  position  is  by 
•  -  tOQ^l,  ftnd  »9  thus 
!«  by  no  r»€«n»  an 
IJn3  ^n?ate9l  pii77Je 
iPtj^VVJijit  do  Uiose 
■  siiirKs"'  subsigt  ti|)on, 
,  whose  pro- 
the  appetil«a 
.St  ?— WluETTe  afio 
LlaMF  dliea  I — In 
'  am  LU  V  livi*  ht?n^— with  an  Oi- 
t^tirAy  Hf}f\tUii  for  such  » 
f  thlngi^  and 
!  by  a  (iifftr- 
'le  ripht 

riuiiui]  in>Tu  liic  second 

^  dtoidedljr  ambigtioys* 

i*-*^ti*  i„||  ^  coaiiei 

V   progreaa, 
>>Mfre  to 

L  i^ratlttmL     *'Tho 

fiTivng."     Now^  if 

iMiiiy  ^ing 

!]i«i.     But  OD 

J   repr<>- 

iiriry.  or 

«irft»T0 1 

(In  ties 
0,  that 

!  thi*  oulwmrd  life, 
-  arc  gtfca  of  ib« 


aeoood  sphcfre  and  of  tho  BTxth.  Thepmrlct 
of  drfftsreiKK  are  not  apparent  WhT  an  in- 
habitant of  the  second  wpbero  sh*>uliJ  wish 
to  exchange  placea  with  one  of  a  itii^her 
development  m  fur  as  nL*gards  imntcdiaba 
happitiesi,  does  not  app^nr. 

Both  states  are  perfectly  charming,  and 
perfectly  niatt^rial.  The  most  nttrjvcliia 
picture  of  the  en  tin?  n^v^jliition,  i«  i^^t^ii  in 
Judge  Edmonds'  ?i«ion  of  bi^  wife  and 
children,  living  jq  a  pretty  ci.>ttji|:^.  in  a 
pleasant  valley «  and  waiting  for  him  to  n^ 
join  them.  ,  This  is  in  one  of  tiie  higher 
spheres^  we  belierc  (aUhiKig:h  thti  quegtkitt 
i^  open  to  discussion),  but  the  E*mv  scene, 
neither  more  or  less  beautiful  :*rid  tempi- 
iuf^,  might  belong  to  any  of  the  «iphere«. 
We  are  wilUng  to  acknowledge  candidly, 
that  we  cannot  appreciate  a  pt'ogttsHtm^ 
which  consLsts  in  a  mere  trjinsilT  of  a 
mouotonous  felicity  from  one  «taTo  of  al- 
teuuaiioD  to  another.  But  to  return  to 
th«  manner  of  the  t^ttn^fer.  Ono  would 
think  timt  if  there  eicistn  «  *'  uirtvor^ 
law  of  progresaion,"  the  "spirit"  muat 
naturally  and  neoeiuiiHlj  be  carried  up- 
ward, without  an  effort,  if  he  df>os  bat 
keep  within  the  law,  particularly  when  a 
simple  violation  of  tW  said  law  would 
send  him  downward,  This  i^  not  wo* 
To  bej^in  at  the  beginning*  The  lowi'i4 
oondltion  (which  is  ^ynonymoui^  with  thft 
lowest  pl^i/:^)  is  that  of  '^  spirits"  of  a  Wd 
character^  lietow  the  earth,  who  dwell 
upon  an  immense  plain  (thi»  plain,  we 
fluppo^e,  is  co-extcnaive  with  the  anm  of 
the  BU]KirJncumbent  sphere — in  fact  it 
must  Im;  m,  to  ej*ti."li  all  falling  *^  spirits")* 
Upon  thj.<i  plain  congregate  all  the  ou^ 
cmta^  iha  dregs,  or  more  properly,  tlia 
dripping*  from  the  ^»here«  above.  Then 
arc  all  black!  They  av&  rowdyiah  i& 
mannerii,  and  low  in  their  ta^tea.  Vhof 
hare  no  dvsire  to  improve  their  condition. 
!n  trutli,  tbvy  hav«i  found  tiieir  Uvet^  and 
ai«  aatiaflad. 

From  tlie  eentro  of  thia  plain  riaoii  a 
mountain  of  extreme  height  and  prodpi- 
tjincy ,  by  climbmr  whichp  theiie  wretches 
may  obtain  a  view  of  the  next  higlier 
Biratum  of  exiist*?nce  j  we  are  not  «nn 
wliethi^f  it  b  the  first  or  tlt«  taooiid  spheni* 
At  the  inKptring  (iroHpocti  thtjr  art  bl* 
AtAntly  eoitod  with  a  dmam  tn  Cflc^pt 
Vo  ihom  better  worldii.  »nd  by  hard  i.tni|f- 
gling  tbty  accomplish  the  witsh.    Whal 


^m  Ifci  mmuA  mhtn  vE^tmpm  n^t  Q«Jf  tUa  iafia  bat  oiiaf  ««tld«,'"  *<l 

LiflB  ^M  Ibia  W9  bur*  iif  «ai«r*  la  tli«lr  ifpiltBBltBB  Is  111*  Dnlfrkl  bo^T  *^  ^^  >^l^  ^*  m  pr*- 

mA  aHHtftf  ^  flnJ  * '  'i^HTo^  fte^X  'fit  ili»  Him  «lia  a«gl«ote  or  i>d^mm  eomnlkiio*  to  t^ 

k  i«ftlBba»«  nif^lUm  of  wtiM  h*  kjMwt  te  li*  figbt;  u4  tkli  to  nM  laAlet«a  l>r  taf 

aiMuaial^  ^  aa— ^^iptaii  ia>^>tfmiaaa  ta»ag  tad  kwiK,  MUtli  ^laHiy  ^wMa m m 


1»0 


Spinttial  Matmaiiim^ 


[Avf. 


Ltbe  nature  of  ttiis  &tnigg!mg  mmj  be,  it 

[is  hard  to  know^     It  Bcems  td  be  f^m- 

IfcmDikd  of  physical  efibrt  and  &  sort  of 

itortfE^   caiied   in  one  place   &  sinceT^, 

r^igtirfied,  eievatufl,  Boarin^^  self-s»crifieitig 

t  iigun J  1     This  i^morse  has,  no  doubt^  the 

Hme  effoct  tipon  their  specific  gravity,  as 

ikiB  ftdmi^f^ion   of  hjdrog^n   gas   into  a 

bil1<ion.    Something  of  the  sort  would,  c»f 

oourw,  be  necessary,  since  it  was  their 

w^gbt  which  sunk  them. 

And  80  they  go  up^  up,  up.    But  pome- 
bow  it  often  hftppcns.  thut  without   the 
I  infiution  of  this  "  soaring"  remorsej  ihefw 
[  pernicious  blacks,  in  aSl  their  soot  and 
kf^wdyism,  manage  to  find  Iheir  way  to  our 
1  planet  earth,  and  get  into  cv^mmunicatton 
[witb  ^*medium^^'  and   stuff  them  with 
I  most  egit*gT0U8  hes.    This  is  otie  of  their 
^Ikvorite  amusemeDts — so  says  the  reve- 
jktioxi.      How  they  succeeded  in    over* 
ioommg  the  force   which  dragged   them 
"own  before,  is  not  plain;  unless  it  be 
I'lhat  the  return  progression  merely  oon- 
r«tst$  in  climbing:  the  aforesaid  mo  unity  n, 
'  md  then  jumpift^.      This  transit  from 
Ihe  top  of  ft  high  mountain  to  a  circula- 
ting system  of  worldii?,  the  pbne  of  whose 
fevolulion  is  parallel  to  the  level  below^ 
and  which  &rc  not  beyond  jumping  dis* 
%mc^  ifi  quite  a  simple  thbg^  and  demands 
comparatively  a  weiik  ftutb  to  credit   its 
poafiibility. 

But  when  wa  eome  to  the  next  step, 
ffom  one  di«le  of  revolving  worlds  to  an* 
dbep}  we  are  wdly  at  a  loss  where  to  pliuit 
oar  mountain^  Still  there  eeema  to  be  oq 
Other  wAy,  judge  EdmondSj  when  ho 
takes  his  trips  to  the  ^^£piiit  land^"  and 
aacends  from  one  sphere  to  another,  al- 
ways clambers  up  some  mountain,  and 
when  he  comes  back,  it  is  '^down  the 
mouctain  and  back  to  earth  again." 
There  h  nothing  more  futmy  in  all  this 
book^  than  the  visions^  The  dreamer 
says,  *^  X  know  that  I  see  those  realities  j" 
H>  that  we  inay^  no  doubt>  depend  upon 
bis  defjcriptions.  We  behold  then  a  quiet 
oommunity,  with  every  appearance  of 
pormanenoe.  Houses  of  ^ubst^tial  make, 
ivdens  of  guperior  cultivation,  every 
tlibg  indicative  of  a  thrivin^^  tasteful,  bt- 
dustfious  population.  Famihes  are  seen 
aflBembled  in  nifectioaate  harmony ;  neigh- 
bors holding  pleasant  intercourse  by  the 
way^de  or  the  fireside.*  The  exercise 
and  training  of  the  domei^tic  and  social 
alTecLionii.  h  the  great  object  of  thi^ir  life, 
tiki  chief  element  of  tlieir  huppiness. 
Near  tliig  quiet  settlement  rt^s  a  huge 


mountain.  A  steep  and  winding  patbway 
leads  to  the  summit,  and  up  this  palb- 
way  thousands  are  dambering.  It  w  a 
tejT  long  and  tiresome  journey  ^  but  thia 
path  leads  to  a  higher  sphere,' and  tbii  ii 
progression. 

It  would  be  a  pleasing  task  to  rocrmdla 
this  vision  witb  other  commnnicationt 
upon  the  same  subject  Let  ug  arrangt 
the  teachings  into  ^me  order.  A  mao 
dies.  He  enters  another  sphere  of  ex- 
istence* This  spheru  is  a  circle  of  worlds 
revolving  in  their  orbits,  and  (to  msike  the 
Mea  as  conL<iistent  as  pos^ble)  in  the  samt 
plnne.  He  selects  hi  a  world  ;  becomes  a 
resident ;  submits  to  the  reding  powers  i 
collects  a  family;  bmlds  a  house;  tjik 
the  ground ;  raiaes  crops ;  jifcnds  his 
children  to  the  nearest  academy ;  makes 
friends ;  visits ;  enjoys  life  to  the  otter- 
most  ;  is  completely  happy  j  has  nothing 
to  wish  for.  But  all  thi^  whiJo  be  Ia 
nnder  an  inevitable  law  of  progi^eiiloi^ 
by  which  he  is  hound  —  not  morally 
bound,  but  naturally  and  neoessarily 
forced — to  be  dissatisfied  with  the  p?a- 
scnt  and  constantly  to  pre.^  forwardT to- 
ward a  higher  sphere ;  not  a  higher  moral 
tphere,  but  a  S|ihere  higher  in  plac**,  and 
a  Btate  more  refined  in  matter.  There- 
fore, while  he  is  thus  living  in  contentM 
rusticity,  he  is  d^  the  name  time  gradually 
becoming  emancipated  from  his  earlhiness^ 
and  acquiring  by  an  assimilation  with  tha 
state  of  things  about  him,  a  refinement  of 
organism^  that  shall  fit  him  for  a  mora 
sublimated  state  of  things  above  him. 

AIbo^  the  only  path  to  this  sublimated 
state  of  things  above  him,  k  not  any 
gradual  ch&nge  in  bis  system,  going  fbr^ 
ward  in  the  raidst  of  ordinary  cn^ryday 
lifcj  but  stretches  up  the  rugged  side  of  a 
big  mountain,  and  in  the  pursuit  of  it, 
requires  the  straining  of  consUnt  etRirt 
and  the  aband&tiTnent  of  those  aecui- 
tomed  and  fascinating  pleasures^  of  dcH 
mesticj  and  soctaL  and  ogrjcullural  settk- 
ment.  He  is  at  length  resadyi  He  » 
iubhinated.  Ele  is  at  the  top  of  tlie 
mountain*  There  should  be  but  a  step, 
or,  at  most,  a  slight  leipi  to  the  ncarei^t 
planet  of  the  next  sphere.  But  how  it 
this?  The  little  world  upon  which  be 
now  stands,  is  revolving  upon  its  own 
axis,  and  circulating  in  its  orbit  witb  a 
speed  that  makes  his  head  sym[iathetk- 
ally  swim.  The  associated  aystem  mf 
worlds  is  in  the  Fame  whirl  of  moCkm, 
and  the  poor  wretcb  gets  quit«  tan^gla^ 
and  bewildered  m  aU  this  buipry. 


*  IW  ivtD  '*ftfiiik*'  Ii  oar  own,  utA  i 


I  1m  iwiiidaraJ  flgaraitv*.   Th»f  hit*  aa  n«td  4f  §tm  «-' 


iffbi  <»jki 


As  lo  Um  iKXt  eiriTTc  of  worlda,  be  U 

"f  Attr»ctrOD, 
>  uf  iii»the* 
IIi«  sittuitmD  Ls  now  pOJ- 
ipliwiinint  Aftur  tinbe«ra  of 
fer  nc)  Olio  kiiowft  how  msnj 
3r*»rm  and  by  tha  tesbtAiidc  of 
Mffwr* working,'  Uw^  ho  h«s  MieoetKlecl  in 
(Ma^yMiielf  frum  ttia  in&loriil  ^roes- 
M9  wydb  fir«>T«ot«d  bim  from  tijn&g  to 
ft  hiclbaf  plmx  tn  tho  noik  of  progrosiuTo 
tiitt  »fifeifii!  irriLrJIy  ha»  hf^sA 
^f  \me»tmng  w  he  Iua  ii?4£!cuded^ 
mi  «l  ml»  Moment  (tf  Ihcre  in  any  thing 
^  1^  dodiint  of  wngbt^,  ihv  ^nkiri^  of 
Ikv^  ifiinli^  iod  tht*  cOTinvquiL  nt  rt^ing 
rf  Im  llclllrr)^  bm  liody  mitiHl  t»o  of  such 
i«9  %£liMMi,  tbfti  il  h  mitonmbh  for 
li^  ttnl— ■  hf  mmm  tt^^tit  rtoU^oit  of 
ft  Aiitinl  bw,  to  n^tiiru  u{ion  his  itops, 
a*  if  krtWtO€aMf  ^xf^  onts  would  f««r, 
«l  Ife  lofliiart  paik  of  this  dmry  moun- 
liii^  with  Iho  toKurkig  tiMfuiory  of  for^ 
mkitk  ki^pioMi  fti  bi«  ^t,  And  the  Un- 
a«i|  vnfklfilied  prophnry  of  lofte^ 
glorit!»  —  we  amoot  ^y  above 
rhen»  I  But  he  «seftp«ft.  Mm- 
will  nupfiOMtt  convoy ftDoei, 
k  him  of)^  ^d  finish  tbe  tmnsil 
m  naiTcmftl  Uw  «od  i  strong  will 
iwmik*l  effort  hftte  fa&tod  to  ftoeom- 
pUw  lift  fOftft  to  iht  inoomprohensible 
tali  flAiervp  ladttding  the  sublioeot 
Horn  b«  b«- 
ift 
ptrtH^  f«|i«fttft 
ikm  fmtwm  ms'tm  oniin;,  end  in  ftbuul  ft 
Ikmmmd  jmn^  nune  or  hmk  elefift  upon 
l^wm  JioJ  6.  And  id  on  to  Lft^«r  No.  6, 
M  tlvea  lo  t*yor  No.  7,  which  »  the 


|IH|  Uifti  b  Iaw  No^  4  Uoit  b«  b« 
eq»i»  MlViiliM  ftRftin.  mmet  Ihrough  t 
mmm  fiAmd  kkuw*  of  dietrtn^  f«|i«ftti 


tkiB  tt  ilow  work.  Kow  Hur«ly  there 
bo  ft  Mctk  rait  Not  jet,  Tho 
tyil-woni,  lur  tmm  iDotftmor^ 
nnil  of  tho  nm^Ood  ii  sttU 
aown  to  oftrn  bio  bmd  bj  the 
of  lyft  brow,«  ftltboogh  ^  the  fkct 
tf  flMi*^  Ii  mtttlf  to  iupport  m»tl«r,'' 
i»l  «C  online  IImr  cftd  bo  no  longer  ony 
j^mmum  in  tfct  |tfftftlriii|  of  food,  flow 
t  anil  fioll  «^  hJi  tft»te !  Swodoo- 
tai^  Id  bo  lEiiiv,  who  WftH  trfttiiilfttod  bj 
mmm  c^ttctTe  '^•hori  cuC  dtr«ct  froizi 
*  to  Uio  ftinth,  with  out  tho 
mpnttotiooftbip, 
ttAflol  be  cifKelod  to  fc>i?l  ino  iftiiio  dio- 
M(  of  libovi  ftivl  iaifiilitiieo  of  ftn  o?er- 
•hdUnt  hmI  oieitef  mMrkOiftni.  Wo 
tmm&^f  haw  him  dilfttlng  with  ioiiio 


cnthuaiftflm  upon  the  superior  adv 
of  this  eleTfttid  sphere,  To  ill u 
extreme  siibliipfttion  to  which  const&ol 
ftltrition  and  nietAmorphosia  hfttr©  ftt 
length  drawn  out  the  physical  inim,  wft 
are  eiultin^ly  told  that  many  of  thooo 
higher  **  spirit*  "  hftve  no  need  to  e»t  ofkner 
than  onoe  e  week  I  Taking  that  as  ^ 
basis  of  ft  cttlculfttioo,  we  may  msilf  dio- 
coTcr  thb  precise  ratio  of  their  flnemffiS  It 
the  texture  of  our  own  mortality.  Onoo 
ft  wtsk  to  thn?«  times  ft  day  I  Thftt 
would  miLke  one  bnck layer  of  Gothfti^ 
equal,  in  ft  fair  fight,  to  about  itrenfy*of»o 
sphertcal  farmers,  of  the  tery  higheit 
caj)ac]ty. 

Somebody  may  be  dispoM  to  isk,  JmI 
at  tbi!^  mornent^-^nd  we  j^hould  be  gtad 
of  an  answer — ^how  it  h  that  these  "pro- 
gressed spirit^'*  whose  i]ieGi6c  lerity  haa 
<»rried  them  up  to  ft  height  ''far  aboTft 
the  confines  of  any  »Wf  or  planet  of  whkh 
you  (we)  hato  any  knowledge,"  aiv  abk 
ti>  dejcend  at  pltMiHoro  evon  to  tli*'  Iow*sl 
spheres  beneath  theiiK  ftnd  to  rcvis^it  th* 
earth,  anf)  remain  here,  and  hold  eon- 
tiiiuai  ink'reoursu  with  m  cn^tuiVft,  low, 
grove  11  mi:,  and  oferooin^  wilb  grftvitftlSoa* 
How  do  thny  get  down,  ftnd  how  <io  thiy 
kfcp  themgt'ives  down,  with  such  ui  inw- 
ibtible  tendency  to  ^r  off  ag^  in  It 
tjiconc^i fable  disLanoe  ?  ^^ 

Oh,  insulted  shade  of  Newton,  ojid 
tboUf  mucb4[yured  spirit  of  Bacon!  bo 
disturbed  i  A wftke  1  Oome  up  from  yoor 
awful  grftres;.  ftnd  dispel  with  a  bre«th 
the  ha&ele^  fabne  of  this  iilly  dream  1 

But  we  must  not  have  done  witboat  a 
•'flmg*'ftt  the  €th%c$  of  the  now  religion. 
What  course  of  conduct  doe«  it  eiyoin  for 
otir  daily  lifp  T  We  have  noticed,  cumi* 
ftUy,  tljat  forgery  and  lying  arc  reported 
ai  OOiftmon  ftnd  unreproved  pect'adinos 
anOiQig  the  '^npirtts^'*  We  cannot  find 
that  wo,  in  this  life^  are  forbiddcin  to  ao* 
oept  the  pre<!edent 

There  is  a  case  mentioned  in  this  book 
of  one  Tom  Jones,  who  had  boen  hanged 
for  murder,  under  sentence  ttom  Jud|;o 
Edmonds.  He  visits  tho  "  circle/'  to  ex- 
change a  word  with  hts  whilom  Jod»j 
ttvoogb  ft  ipeaktng  medium.  Vpm  m$ 
kne^^  and  wilb  great  emotion,  he  tbftohl 
JudgT«  K,  for  removing  bim  by  the  eon- 
vvuient  hftltur,  from  his  '*  formir  stato  of 
ignorance  and  blindness  into  ttie  wasl 
sphere,  wberc,"  says  he.  **l  hara  bi- 
oomo  ft  mm/*  Thit  mtaeroasit,  mpom 
entering  tho  sooond  ipbar«r  had  proisatod 
htm  ft  cn^tee  between  the  companlooBfaip 


Spirt iual  MakriaiUm, 


«f  black  and  evil  spirite,  and  of  Ibose 
tligbtlr  reformed  and  of  a  paler  complex- 
ion, lie  chose  the  Utter,  and  wjas  at  the 
time  of  oommuaication^  considerably  pro* 
moted,  and  in  verj  happj  and  bopeful 
humor.  He  charges  his  fcrtner  wicked- 
aesi  (as  many  unhanged  economists 
would  nave  done  for  him,)  upon  the  bad 
construction  of  sm^ietyi  which  drove  him 
into  excess  and  recklessn^s. 

We  have  thuji,  it  would  iteem,  a  war- 
rant of  impunity  for  the  wosrt  of  erimt^s. 
But  let  UB  not  come  to  a  hasty  and  ill- 
considered  deciifion.  There  U  a  puuish- 
meiit  ft>r  moral  delinquency^  Dr.  Dtfxter 
thus  defines  it  "^  Every  soul  that  is  out 
^  keej^ing  mth  divim  order ^  muKt 
remain  in  the  license  of  a  perverse  will, 
/or  ever  vik,  until  restored  by  the  r€gen- 
srattTig'  influences  of  jyrogreMsion  up- 
ftard  and  onward  for  ever"  Which 
meanSj  being  interpreted  (and  passing 
the  ambiguity  of  the  word  '^forever")* 
The  oniven^jil  law  of  progression  will 
f^fentuallv  overcome  any  perverse  efforts 
of  the  Bouj  to  remain  "out  of  keeping 
fHth  divine  order,"  and  will  carry  it  to 
perfection  in  its  own  despite !  Such  is 
tiie  da^jutful  fate  of  the  wicked !  Now 
we  glean  h-om  a  careful  perusal  of  these 
ret elationSj  thut  to  be  '*  out  of  keeping 
with  divine  order/*  is  either  to  refrain 
from  loving  God  and  man.  or  it  is  to  pur- 
iue  the  gratificatton  of  one's  low  passions 
tn  preference  to  cultivating  the  society  of 
*^ spirits,"  through  the  rappings  (where- 
by a  certain  grossness  is  added  to  the 
material  nature^  which  may  be  entailed 
mpon  the  new  body  after  death,  increasing 
its  weight)  J  or,  if  it  should  take  place  in 
the  ne^t  life,  it  may  consist  in  a  refusal 
to  §0  in  tpften  ii  rains^  or  to  comply 
with  any  such  requirement  of  physical 
n(X)essity.  *  There  is  thus  an  evident 
mingling  and  a>n founding  of  the  moral 
mud  the  nalurai,  which  not  only  destroys 
all  distinction  between  them,  but  makes 
the  former  a  wholly  inferior  and  supple- 
mentary fragment  of  the  latter*  We  will 
Btato  the  <^se  and  leave  it. 

The  sum  and  substance  of  man's  moral 
duty  {to  perform  which  there  la  the 
gEualiej^t  imaginnble  inducement^  since  the 


iK^Tect  may  be  essilj    romedii 

death)  la  to  love  God  and  his  felli 
and  to  belJeTe  and  accept  the 
revelations.  He  ia  bound  to  thii 
duty,  because  he  was  created  nndei 
natural  laws,  which  require  th^ 
conditions.  If  he  complies  wi( 
moj^I  condiiions^  his  pht/fiad 
will  become  refined. 

If  he  loves  God  and  thn  hui 
and  sits  frequentlv  in  "  circles^** 
su!ts  "  mediumSf"  the  result  will  \ 
a  purification  of  his  material  OTf( 
that  he  fnay  one  day  aspire  to  b 
himself  a  medium ;  to  witness  sui 
cflable  visions  as  perhaps  never  glad 
the  inspired  optics  of  Mahomet,  or  i 
the  enraptured  imagination  of  De  Qu 
The  hope  h  ever  before  hira  of 
with  his  natural  ey^  and  in  no 
those  flitting  and  ghostly  forms 
and  Sweden bof^j  to  whose  teaci 
second  hand^  he  has  delighted  to 

Moreoverj  when  he  drops  mlo  th* 
his  mortd  part,  there  shall  be  r«a<^ 
him,  or  he  shall  have  the  privilege  of 
rating  for  him-self,  an  airy^  beautifg 
flexible  body,  whose  color  ahaU  ' 
yellowj  or  blue,  and  whose  lusl 
outvie  the  brightness  of 
light. 

In  this  effulgent  guise  shall 
through  space,  and  ahght  upon  mm 
coUeut  planet,  where  he  may  marn 
seJf  to  another  bright  thing — of  a  (j< 
Vermillion — and,  perhaps,  tea^ 

And  at  la^t,  after  gradual  1]  ~ 
all  materiality  in  supceasive ' 
velopment*  he  shall  be  received  qj 
*'  bright  ahodc^j"  where  his  spirit  st 
^^  manife^led  iangihljf  ;^'  and  wh< 
shall  ■'retain  the  peculiar  attribo 
his  nature,  so  changm  by  progrMl 
altered  by  his  upward  courfi&^M 
shall  have  ^'  becotne  a  God  ;^  m 
sociated  with  millions  of  spirits  siitl 
deifitfd.  may  spend  a  blii^HfLd  eterntt 
searching  for  his  oiz^it  greater  pari 
Genu  —  the  Principle  —  the  Im] 
Entity — the  Creator  God—^the 
his  adoration,  the  source  and 
being  i 


; — ofad* 
teach  ■oh 

W 


*  Em  pfevlcnu  note, 

t  Edra^ndji  la  Inl^mifiil  ty  •  **  spirit,^  tiitt  i/Vt  i  wa\ 
I  rmHisT,  «ad  «tU«r»  tin:\i^  with  li)fr  iiivrtAl  ej««. 


fEolfint  ftEBiOTint  of  tntittof  h*  wH  Iv  i 


ns 


TO   LYRA, 

LYBA,  amkl  tlie  stus  arouttd  thee  gleatmng 
Tbou  tookcst  <in  me  so  benignantlyH^ 
With  all  thj  pure,  rtiiperuLl  lustre  tx^ing, 
As  if  to  m\e  me  leaye  to  qiiie.stioii  ihc& — 
had  I  will  &dk;  of  things  which  none  can  tell 
,  Wbo  DQ  tills  litUe  Ml  so  fir  beneath  tbee  dwell 

Wtefi  WM&t  thou  when  the  morning  stars  wero  smging; 

And  sons  of  God  shouting  wiih  C!<^tiis7  7 
Waa  the  Harp  then  in  tuni*^ — or  only  strinjinn^ — 
To  gife  with  other  choirs  its  minstr<sli!y  1 
Such  Qjctsic  as  we  niay  not  hope  to  hear 
Ttll  we  h&re  soared  alkore  this  t&iuted  atmosphere. 

^^^1  And  where  ?— when  first  the  Spirit  brooded  otct 

^^^^^      The  &Fe  of  the  abyss — while  darkness  rei^M — 
^^^^B  Aj>d  ft  ch&oUc  mass  was  under  co?er 
^^^^V       TH  £^s  were  gather d — their  wild  wTaves  restrain'd^ 
^^r     And  "  the  dcj  knd  "  appeared— unerring  Truth 
^^^&M  told  koiD  fSrmB  of  beauty  grAc'd  it  in  it^  youth. 

^^^HOod  ^ spake  and  it  wa«  done"— Z&id  earth'i  fonfidstion— 
^^^^V     Pilkrs  and  Ikbric  reu-^d— when  time  began — 
^^^^PThat  iMngw  were  here  of  perfect  conformation 
'  Befiif^  the  dual  was  f^hioo^d  into  tn^tL 

But  osen  of  idenoe.  by  inteMigaHonj 
Have  sought  tooterthrow  these  mai^marks  of  cre^ilian. 

The  theories  of  those  sagacioos  sages 

Wbold  almost  rob  the  Onin [potent  of  might — 
Mtkiqg  «wr  da^9  "  iam^easurabb  age« — '' 
^God  said,  let  there  be  light :  aod  there  was  lighf 
If  Mrtb  mored  then  with  grave  deliberation — 
I  What  impulse  mnce  has  changed  ita  axis  of  rotation  ? 

[  Did^  thou  behold  our  p&rents  in  the  garden — 

Thur  bUss — their  lall^-expuUion — when  the  "  brand  " 

^d  round  **  the  tree  of  hfe  ^^— unble^t  with  pardon^ — 
^lej  waiidePd  solitary  '*  hand  in  hiin<3  " — 
Where  tbofiia  and  thistlej;  in  their  pathway  spning 
8o  utilike  BdcQ^a  fiower^  which  from  them  had  been  flung  1 

? 
Hast  tbon  loolt'd  op  the  state  their  children  grew  in — 

Their  sa-l  inheritance  of  pain  aiid  woe — 

Their  evil  passions,  ravages,  and  ruin — 

With  the  same  radiant  smile  thou  wearest  now  1 

If  ihon  ba^  aympathy  fur  mieerj  here, 

HoDe  eye  is  oft  suUusM  with  a  kind  pitying  tear^ 

i  Where  is  that  Eden  now ?— Does  it  *^ lie  darkling" 
Afl  some  conjecture  'neath  th&  Caspian  Sea— 
And  do  ibose  sands  which  are  so  bright  and  sparkling 
Roll  ov«r  it  1— If  so,  there  let  it  be  I 
Well  seek  that  Paradise  '-a  sure  abode,'* 
When  life'i  pure  river  flowa  ^'  out  of  the  throne  of  God." 

I  We're  totd  by  those  who  jtaich  wh«^e  we  are  sleepiisg^ 
Tbaa  hast  ^  a  ring  "  with  briUianta  thickly  set — 


174  To  Lyra.  [Aug. 

Whv  in  the  dark  art  thou  this  treasure  keeping  1 
What  is  its  value  ? — human  eye  ne'er  yet 
Descried  it,  unassisted  hy  those  powers 
Which  pierce  heyond  the  harriers  that  limit  oar& 

Those  hazy  portals  with  interiors  winding 

Their  diamond-girded  ways  to  upper  skies — 
Or  vistas  opening  where  splendors  blinding — 
Transcendent  and  interminable  rise. 
Are  they  blest-spirit  paths  by  which,  when  flown 
From  earUi,  with  angels  they  approach  the  Inner  Throne  ? 

Those  fleecy  groups  in  azure  fields  reposing 

Like  flocks  of  lambs,  when  wearied  out  with  plaj  1 
Bright  galaxies,  fantastic  forms  disclosing  ? 
And  all  those  clusters  in  the  milky  way — 
As  islands,  sprinkled  o'er  a  dark  blue  sea — 
On  '^  star-clouds  "  ranged — ^pil'd  up  into  immensity  ? 

Those  arms  which  seem  from  nebulte  extending^ 

As  if  to  grasp  remote  infinitudes  ? 
Man  can  but  trace  them  till  with  ether  blending-^ 
More,  e'en  Lord  Hosse's  mirror  still  eludes — 
Whether  fi^m  inner  depths  they  outward  flow, 
Or  firom  the  mass  diffused  go  deeper — 'twill  not  show. 

What  are  those  meteors  which  come  like  showers 
Of  stars — thrown  from  the  sky  by  angel-might| 
With  glittering  coruscations  for  long  hours 
Illumining  the  darkness  of  our  night  1 
Fire-balls  with  streamers  hurtle  through  the  ur, 
But  disappear  at  mom — and  go — we  know  not  where. 

In  what  consists  the  blowing  we  call  light, 

Which,  with  velocity  that  has  been  rockon'd, 
Travels  unweariedly  in  its  flight 
At  least  two  hundred  thousand  miles  a  second  7 
Little,  as  yet,  we  seem  to  know  about  it. 
Except,  that  we  should  grope  in  darkness  nere  without  it 

Philosophers  define  it  *'  the  vibrations 

Of  an  elastic  fluid  filling  space." 
Yet  so  illusive  by  its  aberrations, 
We  see  no  distant  object  in  its  place—    . 
If  we  ne'er  find  you  when  and  where  you  are — 
Do  we  imagine  only  that  we  see  a  star  1 

Or  see  you  through  that  medram,  when  remov'd 

Far  beyond  sight  ?— your  "  true  time  "  being  past— 
The  "  apparent "  only  present — this  seems  prov'd, 
However  strange  to  us — and  shows  how  vast 
The  acquisitions  ne^ul  to  dispel 
Ibose  errors  of  the  senses  which  within  us  dwell 

Wilt  thou  become  our  pole  star  ?    Will  this  planet 

Bevolve  so  many — many  years  of  grace  ? 
bmenetrable  secret ! — Who  can  scan  it, 
Sat  He  who  built,  and  laonch'd  it  into  space  1 
Ks«v  cyaosura  give  place  to  thee — 
■rilklliM^  «i*pwdy  mi^  kip  into  Etemii^I 


Stagt-Coach  Stariei. 


175 


Hiit  tlioii  Qot  Bfdi  celestml  orbi  while  burning, 

Chaogitig  thtif  hues  as  fiercer  ^mmeB  rushed  oti — 
Tbt:n  lo  1  Sill  nud  tii*hv  piilcn««a  tumirtg, 
Qq  out,  uti'l  Ityive  ait  bUitik  where  ouee  they  ahOM  I 
Such  doofu  ftWftiU  our  orb  ;  but  when  destroy M^ 
The  "-  now  «ftrth  ^'  will  be  b«i^  and  twi  a  dreary  voitL 

Wis  the  Cmss  p1»tit«d  At  our  world's  formmtioOf 

A  iyp£  fiigmfkant  of  tbingis  to  be  ? 
And  bisl  thou  near  it  kept  thj  witch rd  sUtioo 
So  like  1  giiftrdiin^iiigel  ?— Tli^n  from  thu«^ 
Coalil»t  thoii  oommuaM^te  the  history ^ 
W«  fthiMild  kirti  woaidrioafi  thiogt^  still  wnpp'd  in  mjiteix. 

Didst  thou  witch  o^er  the  bibe  ot  Bethlehem  ? 

Hie  **  tnmn  of  sorrows  '*  trace  through  scenes  of  strilb  ? 
WTio  pi*  Hiniteif  the  tide  of  woe  to  aUnn — 
And  by  bift  deith  unbur'd  the  gB.tes  of  Ufc, 
When  He  for  us  the  powers  of  hell  withstood 
Aod  qoeochM  their  fieri*  dirta  with  hi^  owu  prectous  blood  I 

A  ptorioas  mewieitlouow — (inscribed 

Wiih  Af.'Tf  V    ( ;race,  lud  Peace) — of  Him  who  hung 
lo  vob  h  while  his  m\.\\  imbibed 

Btini^  vara  of  dirknegs^  wrath  that  wrup^- 

£re  dl  Wirt  **  ianishiid  " — oue  dreid  exclamstioo 
Which  told  how  bitter  were  bi«  pangs  of  de^latioiL 

Th«ro  we  mmj  read,  u  writt^su  with  Qod'a  fiuger, 

A  goldeu  no n tenet!  on  the  deftp  blue  Rky-^ 
**  Takt<  tip  f/j^/  Croat  and  follow — do  not  hnger — 
Walk  inlim  fr»otstepa — erer  let  thine  ajd 
Spoik  to  tbr  hc^u^t  from  these  pure  glowing  letters 
fitt^p'd  with  liedeemiug  Love — Death  Tinqui&hed — brokco  fetters," 


aTAOE-OOAGE  STORIES. 


CBAFTKB  TL 
Ufw%  mrm  Ajr»  law  irtu 

'  ITS  Wet  ^fwtw  Ibisre  at  thi'  OKirt-rooia, 

1    |>««coti,'^i«ai<n  k>tt<  who 

WM  bcu^tUn^  aUmt  and  put  ^^^  to 

hU  in  Uic  bar*rooisi. 

'  Wb  a  ilmlful  bot  dax,  Squiri^"  ivplied 

"^        L  taktogoir  hb  h«£  i£4  wipiu^ 

iL  *'TliAitfttocnirt4»oaj|«3roti^il 

L^mrMtonti.     I  iioti<:  tny* 

^  ft  fmx  Ago  lifit  sun  I'  ji^et 

"lio  rvir  afo  tlm  ttmif  ana  uiorign  Tm 

iMter^  A  biled  owl^  I  thoti^t^  for  a 

M^l  iliodd  ha^  ein  Out    I  nij  leArod 

n  bftiM  lad  malt'^ 

'I  ibtok  ril  tako  oda  of  jour  seed 

i  betfbn  I  go  om^^  said  L 
••l  ikA'l  Mivf«  it  ^tid  harm  y«  a  hAir, 
i^*«bAAmd  liw  Daacoo,  kadlog  the 


B«  i»  of  ¥i}L  III) 

way  to  the  baff  '^  ^fipecially  as  t  boAf 
you're  goin'  to  argy  that  imunetion  «A8« 
aforn  I  he  judgp)  this  morning  i^n  Sqtiin 
Crii  I  is  f  o  n .  Speri  V^  oontanued  the  Dcasm 
st'i  while  he  cut  the  leiutJit — 

"  LS|  i'  every  thing  dso,  if  jou  uru 

it  AM  ji  ortt*r  to  be  uis^d  it  douH  Uarin  yOj 
but  ef  you  ab<:>ofie  it  ye  bcv  to  i4Ulf<.T.  So 
yon  do  ef  yoii  ab^xifKo  hrcail,  nr  inrat,  or 
TCfetabk^  or  oohl  water  vrvn,  cotniu^  out 
o'  the  lot  b  sich  a  hot  day  hke  this  all 
fiweaiy  An<i  iD«ltod.  There^s  a  feller 
killiKl  oYi;r  on  the  mountain  ooly  week 
aibi^  liAt,  Jest  nothin'  tb«  in  the  world 
only  drinkiu^  eolJ  watrr  artar  he^d  boco 
in  the  barn,  on  the  aca01.  a  mowin^  AWA^ 
A  loAd  o^  hay.  £f  it  *ua  b»  bi»i  icpolt 
now  that  he'd  a  drankf  vtM  ha*  nevnr 
bteni  the  iMt  on't ;  theyM  ha'  put  aq  lo- 
oouut  on*t  b  the  CAtaiKst^  And  the  kotvj^ 


176 


Stage- Coach  Stories, 


[Aug, 


ncr's  jury  would  ha'  spit  it  right  out — 
^  Death  from  intoxication ' — but  as  it  was, 
thoy  brought  in  ^  koody-solo-ail/  which 
is  the  most  curouscst  kind  of  an  ail  I 
ever  heerd  on  afore.  The  only  kind  o' 
sole-ail  that  I  know  on  is  a  stunbruize, 
sich  as  I  used  to  hev  when  I's  a  boy,  a 
goin'  barefooted,  unless  they  meant 
original  sin.  and  that^s  an  ail  that's  in  the 
souls  of  these  red-hot  temp'rance  fellers 
a»  much  as  any  >x)dy's,  I  guess.  They 
make  a  sight  o*  fuss  about  temp'ranco 
nowadays,  and  the  minister  over  the 
river  tu  Ashbury  sa3's  that  no  man  who 
is  raly  l)orn  agin,  and  is  a  ginooine  Chris- 
tian, will  drink  or  sell  rum  ;  but  he's 
nothin'  but  one  of  them  young  scjuirts, 
jest  out  o'  divinity  school,  with  more  zeal 
tliau  discretion.  He'll  larn  ef  he  lives. 
I  can  recollect  how  his  prcedycessor,  old 
Dr.  Cook,  as  nice  an  old  man  as  ever 
breathed  the  breath  o'  life,  how,  when  he 
come  over  on  an  exchange  with  our  min- 
ister, oil  us  used  to  come  here  tu  noouin 
as  regular  as  could  be,  and  ef  it  was  sum- 
mer time  he'd  take  a  cold  brandy  punch, 
and  ef  it  was  cool  weather  he'd  ollus  hev 
a  hot  whiskey.  I've  made  him  gallons  I 
du  believe,  and  he  was  as  good  a  Chris- 
tian, I  reckon,  as  that  young  feller ;  and 
though  I  say  it  that  shouldn't  orter  to 
say  it.  he  used  tu  think  I  was  one  tu, 
poor,  miserable,  hell-desarvin  creetur  as  I 
am,  a  mere  cumberer  of  the  ground,  and 
a  nionniment  of  sparing  grace  ;  and  it's  a 
wonder  o'  mercy  1  haint  been  cut  oft'  afore 
this,  for,  says  he  to  me,"  continued  the 
Deacon,  taking  breath,  "Doctor  Cook 
says  to  me,  amost  the  very  last  time 
he  was  ever  over  here  tu  preach,  '  Deacon 
Curtiss,'  says  he,  *  I'm  a  gettin'  old  and 
purty  feeble,  and  I  reckon  that  my  tire- 
some airthly  pilgrimage  is  drawin'  to  an 
eend,  and  my  great  reward  is  at  hand.' 
*  Oh,  I  hope  not.  Doctor,'  says  I,  kind  o' 
cheerful,  for  I  see  he  felt  drefful  kind  o' 
down  and  hypoey.  *  The  Lord's  will  be 
done,'  says  he,  a  sithein;  'but  this  I 
want  tu  say,  says  he,  '  Deacon  Curtiss,  as 
a  dyin'  man,  which  wo  all  are,  but  me  es- 
pecially;' and  then,  says  he,  ^Deacon, 
there's  no  man  in  Guildford  whose  Chris- 
tian company  I've  enjoyed  so  much  as  I 
hev  your'n  in  the  short  Sabbath  inter- 
views I've  hed  with  you  fer  so  many 
years,  and  I  du  hope  and  expect,'  says  he. 
'  that  arter  this  life  there  will  be  a  renooal 
of  our  intercourse  in  a  better  world.' 
There,  Squire— I  euess  that'll  suit  ye." 

"  It's  very  good  indeed,"  said  I,  after 
taking  a  sip  of  the  punch.  "  Ezoellent^ 
I'll  sit  down  and  enjoy  it  by  the  win- 
doir." 


"Du,  Squire,"  urecd  the  benevolent 
deacon,  beginning  to  burv  himself  in  his 
bar,  brushing,  wiping  and  putting  things 
in  place  for  the  noon  campaign. 

*'  That's  right,  I  du  Hke  to  see  a  nun 
take  comfort  and  enjoy  the  good  things 
of  this  world.  It's  our  duty  tu,  I  ralj 
believe." 

Having  finished  my  punch,  I  walked 
over  to  the  court-house  and  went  up  into 
the  court-room.  The  clerk  was  calling 
over  the  docket,  and  as  I  felt  no  interest 
in  this  proceeding,  having  but  the  case  of 
Peck  r.  Harris  to  try,  and  that  speciallj 
assigned,  I  did  not  at  once  take  my  sei2t 
inside  the  bar,  but  stopped  near  the  door 
and  looked  about  at  my  leisure.  The 
court-room  was  one  of  the  old-fashioned 
sort.  The  entrances  were  upon  the  side 
opposite  the  bench,  and  directly  beneath 
the  gallery.  Then  came  two  or  three 
steps  that  bn>ught  you  up  to  the  level  of 
the  floor.  Tiie  central  space  of  the  roona 
was  allotted  to  the  lawyers,  and  was  sur- 
rounded by  the  bar,  literally  a  barrier  of 
formidal>Ie  appearance,  being  a  fence  of 
round  pickets,  an  inch  or  more  thick,  and 
four  feet  high,  painted  white,  with  black 
points,  this  finishing  touch  having  been 
given  in  order  that  the  marks  of  the 
sweaty  palms  of  spectators  outside,  who 
were  wont  to  grasp  the  convenient  spikes 
as  if  they  were  the  horns  of  the  altar, 
might  be  less  obvious.  The  portal  of  this 
fortification  was  a  wicket  gate,  jealously 
guarded  by  a  constable  with  a  ruddy 
complexion,  and  manifest  ill  temper,  who 
was  never  known  to  admit,  willingly,  any 
one  but  judges,  lawyers,  jurymen  and 
suitors  whose  cases  were  actually  on  trial. 
The  floor  of  the  space  between  the  bar 
and  the  table  had  been  painted,  by  the 
same  ing<.'nious  artist  who  had  blacked 
the  picket  points,  in  square  patches  of  al- 
ternate white  and  lead-color;  the  white 
patches  were  streaked  and  sprinkled  with 
lead-colored  pauit,  and  the  lead-colored 
patches  were  streaked  and  sprinkled  with 
white  paint,  and  the  whole  was  religious- 
ly believed  to  be,  by  many  of  the  iuhabiW 
ants  of  Guildford  comity,  being  thereto 
prompted  by  the  aforesaid  artist  and  his 
friends,  a  close  imitation  of  a  marble 
pavement.  The  bar  table  was  construci- 
ed  in  the  shape  of  a  horseshoe,  and  oot- 
ered  with  discolored  green  baize,  fastened 
by  brass  nails  to  the  edges,  and  spotted 
with  ink.  At  the  open  part  or  heel  of 
the  horseshoe  was  situated  the  criminsl 
dock,  which  was  fortified  by  high  pickets 
pamted  like  those  surroundmg  the  hsr, 
snd  flanked  hj  the  boxes  of  the  Sheriflk. 
At  the  other  side  of  the  table^  fronting  the 


lgS4.] 


Sta^^-Coach  Siiirif*. 


Ill 


tek,  iTM  plioetl  the  derk'i  dflok,  tti  tho 

Iftltki'.  Ucynd  this  w^fc  the  ju<lgtsi' 
AMni,  fthettcPNi  bmtftth  a  canopy  of 
&diid  ml  utoreeo  oa^itis.  )oopu(J  up  At 
te  e«it9i»  ofY^limd  Th«  liutf  of  keep- 
im  tliii  drapery  iti  jiIjutc  w&jp  confided  td  a 
jgimiiilMg  »  L  ■  -  ^|«ri»d  cijrbj  thiit 
Mftfonilr  ^  i<io  firtwiitocl  Ui^ 

iiiij   iudv   1.  ....   u.lsng  together.  «nd 

WaQttr  ajMl  CnmfttOQ,  «iid  &  t»U  ^mlfc- 

ttftC  ta  A  ndirig  oimt^  wIm)  btcMJil  to|^^Hhcr 
IB  th^  rt-x^  of  the  high,  irchetl  wjucIdw, 
9^'  tcktt  Uj  till}  cipurl^ruoiUj  tftlk* 

1  u>.'i(-t  to  mention  thjit  I  s4\r  the  art- 
IlL  Mr.    FitxhoM'^rd,   N:>att^.t    within    tlie 


flferiirifa#t>.  : 

iltAcootaiu  ...^ 
Iniaaii   wm  moi 
t  Ibe  {lair. 


V  lite  tcid*?  of  «  iaII, 

uiiy-hBtPcd  young 

hutid  a  morooeo- 

uok,  Hliidi  seem- 

........      .....1    rv^v.    n,tr 

ian  Um  cotirt'^txitt)  a  tew  imiiiiU'^ 
ilJifd    *'  Fitxhowwfj    ji|:miiBt 


iBigli — liro  emi(««— -I 
•4  a^wul  J«iiuTTnrt 

MM»|piillSt  Wll! 

svri-fuiMti  Kt  n!. 
ifffmafc  cm  tl.    i  i^  >  - 
f  «i  and  »p 

HISS  timfi  tliA«.iiJg  a  t 


A.  Smilh,  and  the 

.  Atlcm   in  the 

.1.  liud  a  j^miiv  iTifl 

I  mauy  of  thi^  law- 

.(II  tiioyotiug  \mw-' 

I  ^ncro,"  St  the 


«Wbo  for  the  ptaintifr?**  B&kcd  the 
IhI  obi  doic:,  potltng  im  himd  to  his 

^IQa^nKm  ior  plauitiff,^'  twd  a  doKoa 

^ftiflli  «Mif  imiuiri^  the  otBcta]) 

'  li  th  et^ttt,'*  rpf»H*3d  Kfr*  niggimion. 
u  bo   Ibf  ddundiuit  r^  il^uu  ntikt^l 
fttcler)i*  aa  be  tiiaile  u  tovmorainJum  oti 
Iha  dodbeV— *"  irho  for   drfin^<liitiU*-two 

nmm  WM  aaothi^r  gimOTtd,  subdui^l 
1h^^  rft*-g  tbe  nuaubcTM  of  tho  bar,  and 
aatli  qfiiilpillMiUt:  ^rtnnmj;  by  the  ipvc* 

At  Mm  Sfumcsi  i  n  tleiiLan,  who 

ImI  bvo  lajkini^  :  u  rtil^  in  iUq 

mmdiMt  ncmAt  t^  I  kjikud 

i^ckrk  tf  tbe  ca^  i  agaimtt 

IbvIIi  bad  beeacaUt^ii 

•  Yf»j  «r,  llitj  b»TO,"  prpliad  the  clwk 

^I^f  ixHir  lArddn,'' Mid  tho  grfnik'- 
MS,  Ipqh  I  irai  lalkinii  tuailj  inth  tb» 


enter  my  name  for  the  defendanta  m  both 
case&'^  Ab  he  lookt^  up  (nun  the  iloeketi 
his  eyes  met  mine,  I  hehuro  I  i>lushcd^ 
for  I  was  exchanging  jilaiici^ii  with  tVmik 
Eiiot  fc*r  the  first  tiine  mnix^  we  hud  part- 
ed in  Paris  s>e\xni  j  t-urs  Utbre. 

I  don't  know  w^hat  I  shaM  have  dof^ 
if  ELiot  had  not  adfanc^d  towinls  nm 
with  an  extended  huud^  and  a  hav  all 
beaming  with  cordiality  and  pleasure ; 
but  the  neift  moment  we  wens  grasping 
each  other  by  the  hand^  and  the  neil 
after  thai  w*ere  in  thu  hhmry  roomj  ba* 
ginning  to  talk  orcr  old  time». 

*'  Whjj  whyt  oil]  fdlow,"  said  Fraiik^ 
after  we  bad  mutually  explaint^^  and 
b^ged  each  others  portion  for  former 
oticnctis  and  sbort-comin|rSj  and  granted 
the  !^mc,and.  m  fine,  renewed  our  fhund- 
shi[> — "  why,  old  follow  ;  so  far  from 
holding  any  pr  '  fust  you  on  ae- 
count  of  ttuit  II ;  '>phie,  1  ain  un- 
der a  weight  ui  ^.,..oii  iliat  I  never 

can  remove.     Ugh  1  I  had  on  escafjc^  and 

Jrour  faiildUl  JrtendBlup  1  have  to  tliank 
or  it." 

^^  Ptihaw  i  ^^  said  I,  focling  a&mewhat  em- 
h:imu»&«d  at  thiii  protesitatkn  of  grati- 
tude, especially  aa  it  waa  aecompauied  by 
a  slight  twmklo  of  my  frieud^es  e^o; 
''  don^t  uicntkin  it ;  if  I  rendered  you  a 
ffOod  fienrka  you  know  very  well  that  I 
had  my  rvward  at  the  lime.'^ 

*^  Fin  glad  of  it — speaking  of  marr^'ing, 
you  are  a  bachelor  yet,  I  believe  I  ^* 

"^Yea  Lhank  ^i//'  1  replkd  empha- 
Bkine  tne  pronoun  ^tightly. 

"  You  are  marrMHii  Pve  h^fcfd,^*  aaid  I^ 
after  a  pause. 

''  Ye^  thank  ^ou, "  f^pU(»d  Frank,  usiog 
Ibe  frame  emphaAi. 

'^  Y^  I  was  mmiftd  SffrenI  j9m%  and, 
hy^th^byf  you'll  be  pbaited  to  know  tliat 
Pve  got  llie  bcs^t  wi(u  in  tho  world,  as  yon 
gball  SKX  thijj  day." 

'■  Yf**,"  I  rt-plitwl,  with  a  shrog  of  my 
shoul  ^       ,!*» 

Ft  nd  looked  Tery 

aly  mv\  m\M-iiivvMis,  '^  :>oyoi|  bafc  beaid 
wliom  L  married  ?  '^  iaid  be. 

*'  1  gaw  it  in  i)m  (iftiicr^  and  bestdei  I 
inijuirLu]  inU>  ilw.  pJirUetdare  of  some  of 
our  friends*  at  New  Uaven*" 

^'  And  bit  toiimi  out  that  [  inarrtsd  vtmr 
coujiin  Hf^lttn,  eh  V*  ehed  Frank,  lau^iiiag 
iimnoderaUdy. 

^'  Exactly-'* 

^*  And  wdl  you  (orgiTo  mo^"  laked 
Frank. 

1  imd  half  a 
tion  of  parti  on, 
the  beui'flt  of 


<nak«  thi»  oondS- 
^ihould  dva  Yu 

tad  ao  mat  JmUmitive,    PJvtmm     Smiih^  but  a  Mwouti  iiiu\i^\i\  c^iitva^ak 


m 


Btape-Coach  Storks. 


[Aug. 


me  bow  absurd  th&t  would  be.  '^  We^ll 
k  od^set  my  success  with  AlAdamc  La  Yigoe 
Ijlgpinst  youvji  with  Mtk  Elmtj"  said  I. 

**  Very  well,  then,"  said  Frank,  gnjly ; 
**  all  ouj-  difiSculties  are  settledj  and  we 
ftre  fnends  once  more.  And  iio#  no  roof 
btjt  that  of  your  friend  tnu^^t  shelter  you, 
m  long  as  you  irmiun  in  town.  I  hope  it 
will  be  a  mo  nth  J' 

"  Thunk  yon,"  sfiid  l^  *•  but  I  remain  a 
day  or  two  only,  and— ^* 

'•  Come,  come,"  said  Eliot»  inlerrnpting 
me  I  '*■  t  fshall  take  no  denial.  I  have  in^ 
^t^  Judge  Wflikur  and  Oniuston  to  din- 
ner tcnday^  and  you  will  all  Hde  down  to- 
gether, as  soon  m  you  have  concluded  iho 
Arguments  in  the  case  you  art  to  try  this 
morning." 

'*I  fear  we  shall  not  get  through  in 
iMflon,"  said  L 

"Oh'ho,"  laughed  Frank,  "never  fear 
I  ibf  that.  1*11  trust  to  Jndgij  \Vatker  to  put 
^  yo  u  throng  h  by  dinner  ti  lue.  T  wo  o'clock^s 
the  hour,  and  we  will  wait  for  you  if  need 

^  Very  well,  then,"  said  L 

^Au  remir.  The  wagon  will  be  at 
Ouitiei**s  by  one." 

A&  I  again  entered  the  oourt^room,  the 
ckrk  was  in  the  last  stages  of  th«  long 
docket,  calling  the  TJ%  W  and  W*sl 
The  judge  was  lying  back  in  hi«  cushioned 
chair,  and  when  his  eye  fell  upon  me,  he 
beckoned  me  to  come  to  him. 

I'htj  judge  leaiied  over  bi^s  desk  to  wh ta- 
per to  me  as  I  went  up  to  the  bench, 
*'All  made  up  with  Eliot,  I  suppOi^e  ? " 
fiaid  he ;  and  when  1  had  confirmed  this 
ooqjocture,  he  continued.  *'  Ue*ll  give  ua 
»  good  dinner  toniay^  if  we  don't  spoil  it 
by  being  late." 

The  judge  slipped  hifi  spectaeles  down 
upon  hia  nose.  ''  Come*  gentlemen/'  he 
cried,  suddenly  and  briskly.  '*  The  court 
Is  ready  to  hear  yoti  in  thecau^  specially 
insigned— Peck  agabist  Harris.  Allow 
me  to  say,"  he  continued,  dropping  his 
Toioe,  and  again  leaning  over  his  desk 
— *^  allow  Hie  to  surest  that  brevity  in 
your  arguments,  and  a  little  leisure  before 
dinner,  are  both  extremely  desirable,  and 
without  one  we  cannot  have  t!ie  other  to- 
day. In  fact,"  said  he,  in  a  still  lower 
tone,  ^'  we  ought  to  be  at  Eliot's  at  balf- 
pa^t  one  at  the  latest,  and  it  h  now  eleven. 
State  your  points  clearly,  gisntlcmeiij  all 
that  you  wish  to  make,  and  comment  upon 
them  at  the  length  tliat  you  think  neces- 
sary ;  but  the  court  i^  intelltgent  enough^ 
I  think)  to  conijirehend  thi^m  without 
prx>hx  argument  Go  on,  Mr.  Cranston  | 
proci?ed  with  your  argument  I  hav© 
Just  looked  o?er  youf  bill;  tbere^a  no 


necessity  for  consuming  thne  with  red- 
ing it." 

Though  T  wa-^i  without  doubtj  as  deeply 
in  love  as  any  3'oung  man  in  Xtjw  Eng- 
land, ntivertheleas,  in  ten  minutes  after 
Cranston  had  risen  to  hisfeet,  I  had  wholly 
forgotten  Mary  Smith.  As  I  lu'iten^ 
admiringly  but  anxiously  to  the  ingeniooj 
and  forcible  argument  of  mj"  acule  and 
learned  fnendj  J  ceastsd  to  fear  that  he 
might  bo  my  rivnl  in  a  Jove  snit.  and 
remembered  only  that  he  w»s  my  antago- 
nist in  the  i^L^ue  of  Peck  r.  Harris.  If 
a  lawyer  becmssed  in  love,  there  is  surely 
no  necessity  of  hit  dying  with  a  broken 
heartT  or  of  mounting  his  steed  and 
going  oir  to  the  wars.  Jf.  in  tlie  court- 
room, and  in  the  excitement  and  absorb- 
ing interest  of  a  trial  be  cannot  for  tbe 
time  forget  his  private  griefs^  ho  is  no 
lawyer. 

As  1  have  before  told  you,  gentlemeni 
this  cttUJHJ  of  Peck  v.  Harris  was  one  of 
oomrndcrable  im[>ortance,  and  Cranston  had 
evidently  prejjared  himself  carelully  fur 
the  argument,  4Ie  spoke  with  an  air  of 
conhdence,  and  with  that  fluency  of  dic- 
tion whiclx,  except  in  a  few  remarkable 
instances^  is  the  rc'^ult  of  only  constant 
practice,  I  saw,  with  mis^vings.  that  a 
majority  of  the  bar  seemed  to  be  thoroughly 
convinced  of  the  eorrectnt'ss  of  bi^  law 
and  his  logio,  and  thauklhl  enough  was  I 
that  the  is^sue  was  to  be  decided  nut  by 
them,  but  by  the  clpar-hewJi^d  and  learned 
jurii^t  who  sat  on  the  bench  above  us, 
listening  with  serious  atteutiou  to  tb# 
i«arnt*st  speech  of  the  eloquent  advocate 
addressing  hrm,  occasionally  taking  notea 
with  imixjrturbable  gravity,  and  sometimea 
reaching  for  ward  for  the  hooks  Irom  whicli 
Criinston  cited  )m  author itbs,  Oranston 
Bpoke  abaut  half  an  honr^  and  when  be 
sat  down,  although  1  had  beeu  pretty  well 
oonvtnced  that  1  had  the  law  on  my  side, 
I  tremblud  for  my  case. 

"There.  Lovel/'  he  whispered^  as  be 
took  his  seat,  and  gathered  h\s  pa^icrs  U^ 
gtsther^  "Tre  tinished  you ;  but  don't  dk 
banh  It^g  unpleasant  to  see  evtin  an  ad* 
versary  struggling  in  the  agonies  of  death ; 
but  get  up  and  gi>  through  tlie  motions  to 
satiisify  your  clients,  and  we'll  go  over, 
take  a  punch,  and  dress  for  dinner.' ' 

^^Wait  an  hour  and  see  who's  th« 
corpse/*  I  retorted,  making  a  haatyuiepi>* 
randum  on  my  briefl 

'*  Go  on,  Mr.  Lovel,  if  you're  re^dy,** 
said  the  Judge,  looking  at  the  clock  «>Ter 
his  spectacles, 

^^  Miiy  it  please  your  tlonori**  said  f, 
nsjng,  and  addr^sing  tho  courts  and  b^ 
ginning  a  speocb  Of  dome  tif «nty  sikuitef 


18^4.] 


Shifft-Coach  Si&rict. 


m 


k  kocib,  wkMk^  tliotigH  liltk  more  ex- 

IpUid  U%  Im^Mt^Vi'    H  l^^yMl   OIH*     iif  Till     TtiKirit 

■iAtom   '        '     ;^a  yiaUf  >^iLi  '  <.it 

tfse  JSnnfenie  Ctmrt  of  Krrors  ha?(  »rncv  t}i«- 
iiM  tK*  Uw  to  b«  lA  I  f  IhIiiickI  il  wm, 
iim  whH'H  wtHild  bo  immocleiit  wid  olher* 
wi«£  tmi>rciiwr,    tio  wwitier    hud  I  uk^n 

MM  df%fik  *  i  arm  water,  th«n 

C^lOflcf'  I.  |>iv.  tFJthout  &  word 

fit  Mik  by  way  of  inkHutle ; 

mid    -•  '  uiir    tirue,   old    i>overn»>r 

Bca  1   I  knew  hy  rcpninthn  to 

b  *^„^  ,,.  .„*;  igutidcRt  kwTtTS  rii  I  he 
flal*.  •itdtknlj  delu^^l  a  tin  ^I]itts>o^ 
villi  lobttCCiO  Jtnce,  tipfiod  hi^  arrAH^hair 
^ivvftfis  learicd  or«r  towiirds  mts  and 
aid,  m  tm  trmphntir  whih-iA^r,  ''  You^re 
f%^  yotftng  mail,  «nd  if  W&lker  dceidcd 
Ifltat  jTOit,  c&rrv  it  up.^* 

1  «iw,  too»  thtt  roj  tuitagomst  h&d  beea 
JIM  bed  li  the  mKlnid  of  lu)'  (lefoi)4%, 
•■d  sTiilefitij  IftbortM)  hiird  to  controvert 
ft  eoww  of  reftsioning  lo  m(^4?t  wKich  he 
ini  mi  |«ep«f«d  bitn^lf  You  Beis  gt^n- 
llmiiL  the  nmtfi  point  in  th«  ^^iims  was 

fhd^^A  tnd   f?    "- •'nera,  reaiditig  in 

ll«ir  York,  e^  ii  C — 

Bern  tJbu  hi. ..  ^   -  .-mwi,  who  htd  up 

ki  thv  tnn'\  iltfi'<"n':>i]y  TTmniMSr* 

'  hskid  tha  lawyer, 
"I  ,  .  with  a  iitatt*m*?nt 

^  ikm  iaM<^  It  IK  n*p>rtcd  in  tin*  luHi 
^QlfMi«  of  Knidit,  Uie  ^Ut  fm^^'  ^fXf,  atid 
MT  b«  Tfd  by  tmf  of  you  Uial  at^  ciu- 

Xlie  Jci4g«  hid  b«co  gi«mg  for  t  mloutQ 
MV  hii  K|ivet«eli0^  b  ftii  abstracted  tDAQ* 
aVvtook  out  hin  vmidif  and  cotnparcMt  it 
wink  Qm  dock^ial  on  ih«»  front  of  tho 

piji»y,  "^n*-   '*  •  **■  ^ ^    "'  '  *lJUictiJK 

*IinJl  k-     "J    f --^^j  ftn- 

UmiAR,  to-ioorrow  momingf  at  tti»  cp^tir 
hs  «C  th«  court  It  k  now  oim  o'dock,** 
W  oaiCoiucd,  with  A  ftwtepifig  |laiioo  ftt 
tk»  wbotr  V»  .fir  of  lAWjefv  befere  hitn, 

*lf  yoiu  iiuuur  tipii<r.^^  eiied  hilf  a 
Soma  hwyvr%  at  umt!,  iprrtigtng  to  thtttr 
to,  and  tfuboua  lo  prma  t£iir  molioitfl 
biAv9  adlattriisniv&L 

**  Otttuciiiimj"  rimirked  the  urbane 
Jodptt  **  iilc»ir  hm  to  rDtnbd  you  that  K  it 
1^  dianor  hoar,  aad  unl^tiis  fu>in«  jt^nHo- 
nn  «iah«i  to  tnakc  a  motion  to^Uv  Uiai 
onbot  bi  aa  wall  taide  to^mLirrtjiw,  I  iihaU 
teil  lh«  tlittrdf  to  adjourn  Iho  ciiurt  T)u» 
)ur\,  ifv{tUc{2M:rj).  nilJ  Bot  b«  iuipancltod 


m  the  first   CMSd   to-mormw  tmtil 
o'elixk^  aijd  I  will  come  in  nt  nine  to  1 
motiimB.     Mr,  Shcriir.  ailjotirti  the  i^iirt^ 
until  nine  o'clot:k  t£vini>rn>w  tnorning k" 

i  wm*  A  good  deal  disnmyed,  wh»'n,  Iq 
tht»  priTAJ*?  of  my  own  chamlier  at  th» 
tavern^  J  V(r«;f»ar(^l  hj  tltvm  myself  tot 
dinner,  and  began  to  overhaol  the  ^mntWw 
wardrobe  closely  parked  in  my  emal|i 
trunk,  which*  at  utartinp  from  home,  I 
bad  supposed  would  W  tine  C'noU|j;h,  and 
cTcry  way  suflicient  for  my  journey  to 
and  from,  and  brief  buaincsi^s  i^iojouni  Itt 
the  quiet  country  town  of  Ouildrord. 

*'  Have  you  got  a  pin  ?  *'  inqoireii  Cran- 
ston, putting  his  head  in  at  the  doo?. 
"Mv  mother  and  pisler  went  away  }mtlk 
wevk  to  8tiehL«u\^ri  Ueajrl^  and  bi'tVt  frj 
button  off  niy  shirt.  1  wiijh  it  waa  i«| 
Mra.  Juily  M  MtiJlm^ii  eye,  and  he  banjnd 
to  her  I" 

**  Beady  in  thcne  ?  "  innuired  the  jolm 
^t  Judf^  Walker  at  the  door;  and* 
forth witli  that  |iortIy  p?]itltiniin  madi»] 
hifi  entrance^  attij^d  in  a  new,  lutlrjuj^  " 
btm  coat  J  blajL'k  pantaloons,  and  a  light  i 
buif^  cashmere  vest,  buttoned  UKJNtilrj 
aerosa  liis  broad  ch*«t,  leaving  ejfjtottii'j 
the  Euowy  frill  and  ruftJc  of  his  shirt, 

"  My  eyes  I  '*  cried  Cran^ston,  **  what  a 
<landy  i  did  jou  ever  ace  the  Uke  before  ia 
your  life  ?  *' 

''  Not  on  him,**  I  replied  j  "  he  ntvm 
dtvfises  that  way  in  our  county*** 

**  Nor  any  where  else  but  in  Guild- 
ford/' continued  Cranston.  **  What  did  I 
toll  you  yei*lerday  t  " 

*'  Come/'  mid  the  Judge^  smilinp  be* 
oOTQlouUy  at  our  runmrk^ ;  ''come,  £hot^i 
wigon  ia  at  the  door*'' 

*^  Look  at  him  !  '*  cried  Cranatoti  j 
**iju*l  it  too  bad*  ITxer©  he  ia,  full  fiv* 
and  tifty — ^" 

''  No,  no,  not  by  five  yvuB  and  mora,'' 
tDterpoaed  the  Judg^. 

*'  Utmy  as  a  badger,"  continiied  Cni»»'J 
etoot  **aod  superior  to  all  f«ithly  piM 
«ianA|  except  a  love  fhr  hii  diimer ;  aiil 
yet  he  ia  mm  neat  and  trim  oa  if  b«  had 
juat  stepped  from  a  bandljox  ;  while  wa, 
jvang  fcilowB^  gotngf  nut  Ut  dinner  luit  to 
look  at  and  id^h  afti>r  a  ymir  of  pn.'ttr 
girla^  Kn  forced  to  lal>or  under  the  dtKaa* 
van  tarn  of  old  ooata  and  Ul-appoinled 
ebirt*?* 

"  Comci,  giFnllem«nt  we  ar«  loiiiig  tim&f^ 
cried  the  Judge,  impatiently* 

We  found  a  Jentey  wa^ron  and  a  aptft  | 
t^r  a,...  i...^, ...  ,.*.j  H.  driver  waiting  (Wr  u^  ! 
rix?Ie.  c lovely  natcheQ  \ 
ik.  ...^   i.„    . ,     „     11   by  the  artihL  Mr* 
fttshowanl  and  bit  bwyer,  Mr.  llMi 
ioii|  vliio  Hi  ftt  tbc  ^knbnr  ia^  x^lik 


180 


Sk^e-Cmeh  Siants, 


tA«g. 


» 


smokjog    their    ifter-difincr   ci- 

Eiiot  stood  at  tho  door  as  we  droTo  up 
to  his  housCf  a.nd  g%Tft  lis  a  benrty  wii*]- 
fonjc.  The  stippjementwy  poeting  ilmt 
I  got  wiiH  espix*iallj  cordml.  hthI  Eliot 
■aid  to  TUG  in  a  wjiisp^r,  a$t  lie  letl  me  itilo 
the  hotjs#e  by  the  hufid,  the  othtT  guests 
prweding  n%  '*  LotcU  you  *?ini't  ttll  how 
glad  1  am  to  »ec  you  I'luro  lit  la^t.  It  m 
mj  fault  that  the  visU  nas  not  made 
jear»  ago.'* 

**  Pooh  [ "  said  I,  retiin>rtig  the  pressdr© 
•r  thu  linnd  by  which  ihcBiii  words  wrL^re 
accotripiioi«?dj  '*  I  was  niortT  to  blarae  than 
yoii  ill  our  unrortuiiat^j  difrc*rctjce.  But 
never  iiiinfl,  w«  are  Fr jciuls  again  now^, 
and  1  aui  hero.     We  will  malte  up  for  lost 

I  Mi  a  good  de&t  or  Ircpidation  at  the 
idea  of  entering  tho  preeent"^  of  Cousin 
Ilckm  and  Misss  Smith.  Thi5  door  be- 
twtHfu  the  halJ  and  the  drawin^-niotn 
itoo*!  ofMfn,  and  from  within  cnmo  a  soft, 
rUBtiin^  noiso  of  la<ii*fs'  Krlken  dresses,  I 
know  of  no  more  apjiaUirj^  sound  than 
this  may  sometimes  be*  Crao*4ti>n*s  ear 
aaught  it,  I  think,  for  he  ihriigf^nl  bis 
ihou^ers  as  be  gave  hm  hat  to  the  ar- 
rant. 

*'Conie,  geDtlemen,"  add  our  boatj 
moviriiff  towanls  the  door.  In  a  moment 
moro  we  had  all  crossed  the  threshold 
and  wiirv  standing  in  tho  drawing-room, 
ki  thu  bowilderinf^  prcscuee  of  three  ele- 
gautly  dressed  ladje^i^  to  whom  we  were 
severally  presented.  Of  course,  during 
the  ccn'inony^  there  was  considerable 
«tiuncialJon  of  names  and  interc  longing 
of  the  ooinplimentary  and  conventional 
phrasej^  that  are  cusitomary  on  such  ocea- 
■ions,  J  was  painfully  embarraBsed,  as 
I  Wi^ll  njight  be  under  the  eireumstances » 
and  at  tirst,  I  must  admit,  I  hardly  knew 
what  I  was  about.  I  must  have  perform- 
fld  my  part  very  awkwardly ^  especially 
ibf  a  gentleman  of  twcnly-seTen,  who 
bid  travelled  in  Europe  and  wiutered  in 
Farts.  I  even  thought  I  detected  a  sup 
^  pfefi8i»d  smile  upon  the  faces  of  the  com- 
pany ;  but  of  this  I  could  not  be  sure,  for 
Ihe  i^«ol.  blindt?tl^  shatled  room  seemed 
altnoHt  dark  after  the  glarings  mid-day 
lan Eight  otit  of  doors.  Hut  this  suspt- 
von  h'"ii;hteneil  my  (s>iirusion5  '^tid  that 
■oiJietliin^  odd  bail  luLpiK^ned  was  Tnani' 
ff*>t  J'i'Ui  tht'  air  of  (xjo^traint  and  stiffness 
wi.i  I  .,  Iiich  conwrsation  i>Lpftn*  after  a 
JM   :     ii   if  v«ry  awkward  and  embarrass* 

I    recovcrrd  in  some  degi^  my 

M&v'^iop.  I  begnn  to  Icrok  about  me  a 

llie  xhf^  ladi^  werti,  of  course^ 


Mrs,  Eliot  and  Miss  Smith  and  her  aty 
cout^n.  That  I  recognised  Mlsi:  Smith, 
there  is  no  need  to  lellTOU,  and  the 


I  you,  ana  ll^c  o>iisin 
loo,  of  courj«?,  though  in  the  confusion  of 
sounds  and  ideas  thai  bewildcrvd  my 
brain  I  had  foiled  t<5  catch  her  name.  I 
had  heard  on]y  the  naines  of  *  Eliot '  add 
*  Smith-' 

>frs.  Eliot^  the  cousin  Ht^len  of  my 
early  fancies,  and  L  as  was  very  natural, 
regarded  each  other  with  coa^iderabb 
curios  ty.  1  saw  that  she  was  a  very 
lovely  young  matron,  with  lart^'e,  dark- 
bluo.  pensife  eyes,  softly  tinted  cheeks, 
and  a  swett  lillfe  mouth  that  utierod  ths 
moj?t  cordial  words  of  welcome^  to  the 
sincerity  of  which  her  speaking  eyes  bore 
witness*  She  advanced  to  meet  m*j  when 
I  wa^  presented  to  her,  and  held  out  both 
of  her  little  white  hands^  and  told  mt 
agam  and  again  that  I  was  a  most  w^U 
(SJme  guest.  It  is  not  in  the  nature  of 
man  to  be  indifferent  to  such  a  wbsoine 
manner  in  a  woman.  Many  a  mane's 
heart  is  coajted  out  of  his  pos^esnion  in 
this  pleasant  way.  And  this  charndn|: 
littk  wottmn,  with  such  a  wealth  of  soft 
brown  hair,  with  such  mild,  pretty  eyes, 
and  such  a  rich,  mellow,  musical  voice, 
betokening  a  good,  affectionate  hearty 
might  have  been  my  gentle*  loTing  wife. 

But,  at  thia  moment,  I  thiuw  a  filanot 
of  comparison  at  Miss  Smith,  and  '•  lleav- 
eos  I  ^'  thought  I,  as  I  met  the  gaxe  of  her 
brilliant  eyes ;  **  I  should  love  her  to 
madness  if  I  had  forty  charmbg  littk 
wives  like  cousin  Hekn.^ 

Mrs,  Eliot  made  me  sit  by  her  on  tba 
so  fit,  and  when  the  company  had  beguo 
to  talk  again  after  the  awkward  silence 
of  which  1  have  spokeUj  ghe  said  to  mo  in 
on  earnest  undertone  *  *'  We  ought  to  beg 
yonr  forgiveness  for  this  foolish  scene*  I 
protested  against  the  whole  affair,  for  I 
thought  Frank  should  tell  you,  but  bo 
Insisled  that  it  would  be  just  ti^e  thing 
to  put  every  body  at  ease  at  onoc.*' 

1  didn^t  know  what  this  meant,  btxt 
supposing  that  I  was  eipecJed  to  reply. 
1  uttered  a  little  ihort,  fotieed  laugh,  and 
said,  **  Ye,s,  oh  y%&.^^ 

^^  We  shouldnH  hare  heard  that  yoa 
were  in  Guildford,  jand  you  nitght  have 
gone  away  again,  but  ^Ia^y  Snnlh,  only 
this  moniin^,  told  us  that  ^he  rude  out  in 
tho  stage  with  you  on  Satunlay.  ami  then 
Frafik  "twI  ^h,^  contrived  thiji  stupid 
sa?ne.  rt^"  con  tin  qH  the  lady, 

with  a  <  ,     .(HIS  nirl    of  \\\  v  r  n  tty 

iip,  ^^Idoirtlike  tliese  dorr  i^j 

they  are  too  Freuchy,  and   t  j^ist 

such  a  favluro  a^  I  predicted.  In^ivad  of 
every  lx>dy*s  laughing  aud   having   ihm 


la^ij 


Sta^^Coaek  Sioriii, 


181 


€inbMTi.s8Tnent     mwi 
Ihm^tFtd  oQt  (if  thrm,  it  lu^rvtHl  ontj  t^^ 
Imiiij  a«  »H  iliflt^r  lb  an  crcr/' 

Comiil  H«Len  i|i|x'3in-<l  lo  Ix*  Hik^lly  ah- 
eojT*!,  oiH  I  was  mT?i|i!4  tt'ly  riivtitifled* 

wJ  tlioiii^h.  Mr, 

«  Uue  9o£i  At  tbc   other    side  uf  Mr/^ 


*^WttU  j«»i  tomewhat  so,"  mM  I  at 
i  fiatitf«. 
''A  %^mdid  joke,  /  ihmkt^   said  the 

-*C»|ntmi  I  **  itld«<I  CrmnstoTi- 

ImMi,  wttU  mn  air  of  nuiet  disdain.     "  I 

MMKcnt   ai  :%  (Lushed  Dkt<  ami 

|Pnieiii|t  Bi'>  a  ht^r  ooiigiii,  '^  that 

Twi*  oo  |»art>  Ui  lU" 

'^  1  he^  juiir  jjanion,  my  dimr,*^  retorted 
Itf  etmMn,  irtth  «t]  ittrjilTi^iriit  fttr,  **  but 
fOQ  w«t»— one  of  the— VIC  til  HA.'* 

Fnnk.  I  b«d  forirutii-n  to  sat,  Imd, 
•Ibr   fcfMiitirilig   fur   hiic    iiiother,    with  a 

^  Tif>;«,  sndtk'ftly 

-"IkhI   I  hat  he 


iliVfta*  ■fSt lia 


io  obevrve  that  Cnui* 

iv  dark uytHi  coujiin 
10.     He  had  ficaled 
f  at  lii>i  by  her  i^ide,  afid  engaged 
'41  S  h*eljf  <^nn'r rsnt  inn  J  hv  cluiuRtJ 
i|lisi  :  ]Hjii  the  ground 

on  hrf  part, 
1  titttj-  ^%  itEit  *}\  it!ollwtioi)  of 
vfV  iMvaii  H«c*i)  h*tu  Ifcftrrf,  whilv  ei* 
fPMSaf  bcr  tcfii^  i  that  «be  had 

■tknQ^  lo-ili\  L-4  thmi  plea- 

If  ftvvrjr  ^^  t  &I1 

^,.,,,-  «„,   ....    t:4dgP 

'  Ul  toto  •  iiiio0iir9e  cofieei-iitMic 
,  ind  1.  ianv^^  mnnu^rmi  all 
I  ri»|<iiatt«  for  ivti*"»h  a  rlfspt-i  ate 
ed  tlic  iTHiin  and  took 
^  Mias  Snitli.  liaving  d!«et- 
llt»  isic»rtment^  It  of  ttiurM  very 
aoo  tMQUn*  •  toatter  of  eitrt  ftte  |>ro}in* 
Mf,  apd  alto  a  whilr,  of  irnrriincnt  n(x:e»- 
mf^fomjwomt'\  >  fair  tseigbboTj 

tniilf  my  twmn  lOt  liappeii  to 

l«  iaflioalArlf  tmvixjiiEia  or  ink'refithii^ ; 
las  1  tomkd  thmlc  of  tiothir^^  to  mj^  and 
tbt  fMnumta  ll^in  I  cuuM  f(?et  my 
bc»  tantctibpd  atiij  i«litreTM^t  by 
I  »gr  liilHrQ*  waJi  parAlyx«<1p  artd 
awimd  meiiiahle  ot  the  oflitx^ 

irk- 


of  hla  drollery^  and  thi?  Judge  and 
Mrs*  Eliot  vpi'rc  talk  in  j?  pit  i  tics. 

The  iiecepilty  of  wuhmitling  some  sort 
of  a  remark  fur  tlit.'  omiiiideratiou  of  th« 
beaut  if  111  SUas  «Sniiih  hail  now  &mii^  to 
be  absolute.  I  was  at  tnj  wit'a  end, 
etrivin^^to  mreut  some  pt^rttnotit  (>?>fierv*- 
tioa    Theriff  was  an  air  of  ri  ni 

the  lady  that  fiet  me  back  ''.  \y. 

She  was  far  more  katittful  t  11:111  1  iim 
euppoeed  her  to  be,  and  sht<  harl  &  inaii> 
ncr  of  Btateliness  aud  hauteur  that  wm 
%M  imexpectiHl  to  mc  as  it  wa,^  em tiar rasp- 
ing. She  was  talter,  and  her  form  mor» 
rounded }  bor  cheek  bad  more  color,  and 
her  eye  m&tt  flre  and  depth  than  had 
lieefi  apparent,  the  day  I  had  seen  her  in 
the  coaeh  ;  there  was  iliv  mme  jndc^se rib- 
able  fascination  alKJUt  beriluit  hiid  causwJ 
iiiy  abnipt  plunge  into  the  JVHtle^  n.^  of 
loTe,  hut  it  now  et*eniod  intensitlofl,  ma§^ 
nified,  muUij4ietl  1  felt  that  ray  doom 
wafl  sealed,  my  fate  fixed,  and  for  th» 
first  Xiixm  in  my  life  was  conscious  that 
upon  the  will  of  a  woman  depended  tht 
question,  whether  1  Nhotildj  in  the  fiitiim 
be  happy,  or  miserable.  ^*  Can  it  hJj 
thought  I,  *'  ean  it  be  that  this  superb 
creature  will  ever  be  mine?"  Whom* 
upon  1  forgot  to  breaihc,  md  t^covered 
only  with  a  ga^^p  tliat  I  wm  fiun  to  di»- 
gutae  by  an  awkward  attempt  at  a  CQU^ 
m  thaij  on  the  wbole^  it  sounded  as  u  I 
bad  biceupped.  Then  I  was  forced  to 
answer  my  own  qucatton  men  tally,  and 
Kay  to  mj^lf :  ^iloy  sir,  it  iaqH  a  pofli$- 
ble  thing.  You  will  never  be  eo  happy. 
gome  other  man  — ^' 

ifeanwhilej  I  said  nothing,  and  Mlsi 
Smith  alao  pres^rred  a  etriei  Bttentx. 
She  sat  within  an.arm^s  length  of  me,  fta 
a  large,  obl-fa&fa  toned  chair,  with  her  £y» 
indeed,  turned  towards  me,  but  with  hur 
glanoe  averted*  What  folly  for  me  t» 
attempt  to  dfiGr{b«  ber.  mtleiiMni  1  In>- 
Bgine  the  mo«t  beauuAil  woman  thai 
your  Umcf  can  painty  and  —  Mi»a  Smith 
waa  far  more  beaultfub  But,  notwith- 
atanding  iK*r  superb,  qni?^ily  mtcjij  I 
noticed  that  tier  boaotn  beaTed,  ner 
brenih  came  quick  and  «bor^  her  nottrOa 
slightly  dUatod  at  each  manifation,  and 
I  here  wiw  an  oeeaBional  nibbliiig  at  her 
cnmprvasod  natber  lip,  with  ber  litHa 
Mfbi  of  teeth,  and  a  nerroua  motif iq  of 
tier  bead,  that  Ijetokcitied  mora  igttntion 
than  the  ooiild  t^ntirety  conoeal. 

Thia  etjoourajred  ttw  fK>iijt"v%hat,  fur  if 
nbe  bad  appcait^d  whoKy  ^d^pon^caaiMl, 
1  never  could  liave  dari.4  to  adttnusa  bftt. 
At  laal  reeovetW  t\\e  v•J^tAa^  ia»fc  tA  m^ 
itpM  and  tanmie^l  \i»fan  vit  m\ivia\^  %mm^ 
— •*  If  I  eimld  bav*  ^octUMi^  Vtwh  o^ 


Siagc- Coach  Slorks* 


dajt  tli&t  I  sUotild  hikvt  the  honor  of 
meeting  you  here^  the  plcaaure  1  foiitid  in 
my  ymrney  would  have  been  gn&ftUj  en- 

"  Thank  jou,"  replied  Miss  Smith, 
^ei^iitig  to  rjuse  her  eye§  to  my  glowing 
couiitfnanee  for  the  tirBt  time ;  **  aJi, 
Hitn,  yoa  art  one  of  the  ^ntk'men  who 
mn}r  ill  tlie  coach  with  us,  ^latardny  7  " 

Wlhit  could  I  fiuy  ?  She  looked  at  me 
with  an  &jr  It*  if  trying  to  recognize  my 
fbatiiree.  Th&t  thb  w»s  a;cting^  I  was 
f  erj  sure.  But  what  coiild  be  the  reason 
of  her  wish  to  dTect  such  &n  unH&ttering 
forget  fulness  of  my  jiersoD. 

^^Then,"  said  1^  after  a  short  pftUBO, 
rather  thinking  aloud  than  really  mteno' 
iug  to  ask  the  qufstion^  **  then  yon  did 
not  expect  to  see  me  to-^iay,  until  I 
mmi,  ?  " 

*'l  most  certainly  did  m?^/*  replied 
Mlas  SmiUij  eniphatieaUyj  and  with  an 
umy  glance  at  her  cousin. 

Mni.  Eliot,  with  &a  anxious  and  trou* 
hied  face,  began  to  say  somethingj  but 
most  fortunately,  at  this  moment^  Frank 
entered  with  hla  mother.  I  immt^diatelj 
i«oognt^Ml  the  old  lady  that  I  hiMl  Jieot 
on  tne  deck  of  the  steanilnjat,  at  the  tinie 
of  my  Hummersut  and  dive.  She  Imd  by 
HO  tneans  foi^ottcn  the  unlucky  occur- 
RSQCO  that  I  bb  re  Just  mentioned,  or  tb& 
OOficem  that  she  had  felt  on  w^itnesemg 
ftj  aad  she  forthwith  pSaccd  heE^elf  in  a 
large  rocking*ehair,  which  her  son  placed 
near  mine^  and  commenced  a  rery  ani- 
matcd  con  ?e  ration. 

*^You  can't  think,  Mr.  Lofel,  how 
frightened  I  was^'^  aaid  ahe,  alluding 
to  my  falling  overlxjard — the  wbieli,  it 
leema^  was  an  event  that  had  made  & 
deep  irapression  on  her  memory*  **  Didn*t 
you  hear  me  scream  ?  I  iupposed^  of 
(i>urB©j  You^d  Ijc  ground  to  atomsj  be* 
twecn  tlic  Bteamhuat  and  the  ve^ael! 
Didn^t  you  hear  me  scream  7  '* 

"1  think  likely,"  I  replied;  *a  heard 
'  t^reral  cry  out  as  1  fell." 

**  Oh  yesj"  continued  the  old  lady, 
■buddcring  at  the  recoUec^tion,  till  ishi^ 
rustled  in  her  Bt'iS^  black  sUk  dress,  like 
a  fi(dd  of  maiie  in  the  wiud ;  '*  you  mnst 
have  heard^  if  you  look  any  notice  at  all. 
I  know  I  Bcre4imed  m  loud  as  I  could, 
which  was  not  Tery  louil  either,  perhapK;, 
I  wm  so  sc^ired  and  hoiTor^struck,  But 
I  screamed  thr  uest  I  was  able  to,  and 
«o  did  Helen  here.  Sh^'d  noticed  you 
iome  time  before  we  knew  who  you  weret 
and  1  hvwd  her  speak  to  Frank,  an  I 
point  you  ont  to  him.  Shut  tliought  you 
must  be  I  bo  G&ptd%yoii  was  bo  tail  and 
•traightj  and  aft^r  rciak  tho 


jou  were,  she  kept  watching  joOj  atid 
when  you  were  getting  down  on  thai 
shelf  from  which  you  jumpeii,  she  spokt 
to  Frank  again,  aiid  told  him  to  ask  yon 
not  to  jump^" 

The  old  lady  paused,  quito  out  of 
breath,-  and  had  recourse  to  her  snuff- 
box, and  then  passed  it  to  the  Ji]4e^ 
Alias  Smith  gnapjied  eereral  of  the  itoiy 
sticks  of  her  fan,  and  gnawed  away  at 
her  rich^  ripe  under  lip,  in  a  way  that  Fd 
have  given  the  world  to  iuiitAte.  Mrs^ 
Eliot,  1  wi\^  not  much  surprised  to  ob- 
scrre,  seemed  a  httle  annoy  L*d,  and  Frank 
and  the  oouflia  exchanged  sly  glances  of 
merrimentp  and  then  went  to  talking 
busily,  the  one  to  Judge  Walker,  and  tbm 
other  to  Cranston. 

"  I  n?aJly  fmi  quite  well  acquainted 
with  you "  resumed  the  old  lady,  trying 
to  find  her  pocket  in  thB  folds  of  her 
dre«s,  to  put  up  her  snuff-box*  *^  Frank 
JL'^  to  writo  so  much  about  you  in  his 
letters,  and  how  kind  you  were  tg  him 
when  he  wits  t^ick  m  Italy.  And  I  b#- 
lievo  you  used  to  writ^  to  Helen,  didn't 
you^"^^  she  continued,  with  a  roguish 
gmtle  slyly  breaking  out  about  her  mouth ; 
**and  dou*tyou  recollect,  Mr,  Lovel,  th« 
little  heart  you  sent  to  her  /  Well,  you'ra 
married  now,  and  that  was  a  gi'eat  whiit 
ago^  so  it^a  no  harm  to  aay  that  she  has 
got  the  heart  yet.  I  saw  it  in  her  workr 
box  the  other  day«" 

^^  Oh,  mamma,^*  cried  Mrs.  Frank  Eliot 
reproachfully,  '^you  are  mistaken  in —  '^ 

'^Tut,  chad,  I'm  not,"  said  the  old  My. 

*'  We  aH  owe  B  great  deal  to  Mr,  Ltivtji,** 
said  Mrs.  Frank  Eliot,  with  a  glance  at 
her  husltand  ;  ^'  I  have  been  trying  to 
tell  him  how  heartily  welcome  he  is  here." 

'^  Oh  yea,  indeed,'*  cried  the  old  lady, 
'*  we  are  rejoiced  to  see  him  here  finally « 
Pray,  Mr,  Lovel,  why  didn't  you  brm^ 
your  wiftj  w^ith  youl  Frant  used  lo 
know  her,  I  believe;  we  should hsTu bees 
delighted  to  see  her." 

I  stammered  and  explained  that  t  waa 
yet  a  bachelor.  ^*  Dear  me ! "  exclaimed 
the  astonished  dowager,  "do  tell  I  why; 
excuse  me,  but  re&Uy^  I  thought — why  I 
I  heard  that  yon  marrifid  a  French  lady, 
and  that  was  the  reason — well,  of  coiir» 
Flu  mistakeiL  and  Vm  glad  of  itj  hut 
where  did  I  get  such  an  iden  1  '* 

Frank  and  bis  wifii  laugh^  hi^artdy 
and  exchanged  glances  dial  a.s5n?td  um 
that  he  had  confeJi.sed  to  cou^sir;  * 

lapse  at  Pada.  beJbns  my  revc.  •  1 

rewched  her  cars  by  the  wav  vfl  AhtA 
Smith,  Every  body  eli*s  snulcd,  even 
Miss  Smith  did,  who  was  playmg  willi 
thj&  broken  fan  in  her  k[k 


im4.} 


Stat^-Coach  Stttria^ 


1S3 


EaibQb1i4i0d  \if  iU%  I  turned  t^wnnU 
*  **  Vau  h/om  Diy  fiUiry  the  tit h or 
.  o  j^j    t     *ML^»,if|j^  ^t,  t^nj^y  stylo  of 


Mvi^. 

tci  voit,  tA  it  r»ijr  thiit 

If.  uid  M 

■'toiilil  WiiAv  itt  ri»u  ?^* 

-luik-i 

MTllh 

gUoA  At 

.        ..L  -1 

bs't  *«c  huw  ti 

l,tU' 

-Whj!^  ^1 

aid  lady»  turii- 

I  1  lUlE    laHLk  LLIJ 


U^r. 


lotftrdii  biT  vhiU^  ji  look  of  ftdntoni* 

"  l  J**  suddenly  cried 
with  vxtrMifdliiJiry 
:ii\g  from  liwr  ^ustX, 
ham  be^tttlAi)  doer? 
oliA.^  contiiiui^  runtiing 
1^  mm  Ui  t  window,  whichj 
_  (0  Ibe  floor,  appticd  upon  Uio 
I  oir  AIM  of  the  w\n^  **  1  must  go 
L  inl  M8  them ;  **  ftnd  out  indexed  she 
r«L  fiiowiod  by  CrMimton,  Misg  Smith 
ilto  ro«e  to  follow  hut  wis  dctdined  by 
^km  Okkt  lady*  *%My  fk-ar,"  said  ahe, 
^diii*i  tH^ak  of  irotng  out  in  ihiii  bmUiB^ 
witlifiut  n  iKjunct.  You'd  bo  laaued 
»  an  IftdiiLQ  J  you  kudw  bow  ensiJy  you 

,  duUL" 
•B«l,ioiity— " 

"Stmy  bet*,  child,*'  b^ulad  tbe  dowager 
:  huT  hciiL,  **  1  bliAll  wmut  you  in  a 
»t  to—  " 
;^«  Wan,''  cmd  Fwik,  intcfrupting, 
' ,  hW  do  you  like  Mu«a  Smith  1 " 
1  VTM  oompbtisly  lu^toundetl  by  tbis 
,  uct  i^ax^  gtupidly  towarai  the 
•  ftbru|itly  tticution<?d* 
^tkt'pm,  know,"  b«  euntiuutiil,  ftpe&k- 
to  litM  wiff^  *'lhat  l,4>Tel  hjui  l»eea 
I  by  the  charma  of  our  liri?ly  fnend, 
■id  \mm  profuiacd  to  foi^^f^  uiu  all  my 
^mftmm  ami  4in«  to  titniwanl,  in  con* 
Mmiksm  thai  I  have,  in  turn,  t>roniised 
t*  MV  a  food  word  for  huu  to  Miry? 
Bmdikci  thai  w«  nsly  onyt>ur  dbcrttloEi/* 
kiidiM,  wtlkini;  up  to  Misn  .Smith  bi^r- 
wttj  waA  tififiiiig  ber  on  the  shoulrjcr  aa 
^  flood  ill  tha  wbdow,  *"!  ought  not 
H  huM^  tspoiod  Lofal  befor«  yoa  He 
litf o  ft  diauco  to  make  bra  for 


'Pilkjr  cksDM,  if  bt  {ilatata^^  rtplied 
IGaa  5»l%  akuftlly  gNng  mt  a  pTeaaant 
aillL  albwt  there  wai  a  Blight  alloy  of 
Mm  in  it.  »  nelt  b0  fl:iirv  to  win/* 
ik^  tddsd  Micwtjcalljp  ^  ho  ia  8uch  a 
|ffo6ci»o(t  la  tlhft  art  of  wooing.  I  wish 
foo^f  tel  me  g!i}  out,  aujQiy/'^i^d  gbe 
BgaJB  tBrniiig  lowarfla  tho  window^  ^  and 
tSn  JOQ  may  all  talk  withoui  bdiig 
iMIpd  to  raly  on  my  dljicn;tiun.'* 

—  *Ho^  B^"  laid  th«  dowag^,  "  tbe  auti 

BttoOM.** 

tm>U& V  ad*!^  Hm  Frank  EUot 


Mlfiii  Smith  almost  pouted,  and  I  -vet- 
turcil  A  j! mart  puil  iit  one  of  my  whiiik«rm 
for  the  purpoise  of  ti*sLirig  the  ijucstioti 
whether  ]  wkj  in  fai't  wide  awvkia  or 
da^Rfuuig.  The  ctidcjicci  thus  obuuned 
teudi'if  MUuewhat  to  dispel  the  doubts  T 
had  bcgiin  to  ent«rtaiR, 

"Mary's  a  nice  girl,  Mr  Lovtl^  and 
would  make  you  a  goud  wife,"  gftid  ih« 
old  bdy,  fumbhiig  aJli?r  her  Mnufl'-boz. 
^'  She^s  a  capital  hou^kee^terT  *'"^  wbea 
ahe  act  ties  down  steady  ^  shell  be  a 
woman  thatll  make  some  man  hamiy. 
I  beg  your  pardon^  but  really  I  can't  hdp 
talking  to  you  as  if  £  bad  kDown  you  a 
long  tune," 

*-Welll"  thought  r,  dumbroundewd 
i^h  amazement,  ^*  if  this  \&n\  oool  tuay  I 
eSvct^"  I  glanced  at  the  young  lady 
so  strongly  rwouimended  to  me,  gho 
stood  at  the  window  apparently  watching 
the  brunette  and  Cramttoii  playing  witS 
the  deer  on  the  lawii|  in  p^wl  uuGOti* 
cem  at  the  conversation  of  which  fihe  her- 
fielf  formed  so  distinguished  a  iubject. 

There  was  a  pau^  for  a  momenk  I 
mippoMe  the?  were  looking  woudeHndr 
at  the  blank  ejcpression  of  mj  ^m.  ft 
gave  me  opportunity  hr  reflection,  and 
the  truth  began  to  dawn  upon  my  bcwil- 
dertfd  mind. 

*■  I  have  htm  mont  confouudedly  mii- 
takcu/*  fijyd  I — my  presence  of  tnind  waa 
wholly  gone  and  1  thought  aloud  in  mr 
eartt<»tm<«iSt  **  It  must  be  then,'*  said  I, 
**  thai  *fAe" — I  nodded  towards  tba  window 
— "  h  fwi  Miae  Maty  Smith*' 

Tilt!  lady  wbora  I  had  doe^nated  started 
and  turned  qukkly  rouuo.  The  blood 
rutfhed  to  bei  i\<^\  she  bit  bor  lip,  and 
damped  her  hni  U  with  a  slinnkkfg 
manner  for  a  mom  ntK  -'uriug  whfch  it  wa§ 
evident  that  she  w^i^  tr-t^t  painfully  em- 
bairaased,  and  then  in  a  hrcath^s  tipaiw 
Bhe  drew  henelf  up  haughtily,  and. 
Heavens !  what  a  beautiful  exni%sGlo&  en 
sooniful  anger  wa»  in  the  Qaabit^  ^aiieo 
that  Eliot  and  I  were  entitled  to  ^fidl 
equally  between  us,  Fratik  returned  tbo 
glaooe  for  a  moment  with  a  black  stare^ 
and  then  suddenly  seizing  bold  of  Um 
Judge^  the  pair  went  oS' together  witlil 
roar  like  a  double^ barrelled'^tm. 

"Frank,  you  we  too  badj"  aria  ilk 
wife  mruiclifuti j^  ^  Did  ho  tell  ypik  ^ 
was  Mbi  Smith  ?>«  ihe  naked. 

«Nefw,  mmrj**  cried  Frmk  ^m  I, 
Loth?-'  ^ 

**  No,"  Baki  L  **  Beacon  Curtian—  " 

**l>jdn't  yoti  War  me  when  I  prt^Mntod 
him  to  you  all  1  "*  crtod  Frank,  when  be 
had  recovered  from  the  extremity  of  hli 
fit  <€  mtn^Benl.     '  Didn't  1  do  it  riglit  t  ** 


^ 


tBi 


Sidfjfe-Coach  St&rier. 


[Attg 


■ 


Mrs.  Eliot  a^iTi  turned  to  me,  I  had 
bj  this  times  Yiiipin  to  reooTOF  my  icat- 
tered  ^tises^  fnr  the  fair  lady  b^  dia- 
Appeared  throug^h  the  ^nndow^*  *'I  hvm 
hmn  to  blarae/^  said  I.  '*Thia  lady  I 
mw  Saturday  in  the  conch.  I  afTterwards 
ondfi&vored  t*  ascertam  her  name^  and 
aupposed  that  I  had  succeeded^  I  was 
■atifified  that  fihc  wor  MisB  Mary  Smith, 
the  daughter  of  Captaia  William  Smith. 
I  came  here  expecting  to  i«e  her,  and 
fonnd  her  here.  I  heard  no  other  names 
when  I  wa«  presented  to  the  ladies  than 
*  Eliot '  and  *  Smith/  and  supposed  that 
it  was  the  name  of  the  ludy  who  sat 
yonder  that  I  failed  to  catch.  She,  I  now 
mippmt,  ie  ^lis^  Mary  Smith,'^ 

**  At  your  fienricCj  sir/*  suddenly  cried 
the  dark^yed  damsel^  reappearing  at  me 
window. 

*^  And  nowj  T  beg  to  know/*  cried  T^ 
waging:  desperate^  while  Mrs.  Eliot, 
Frank  the  Judge,  and  even  the  old  lady^ 
who  began  to  appreciate  the  scene, 
laughed  in  chorus  ]  "  I  beg  to  know  who 
the  lady  is  that  I  took  to  be  Mies 
Smith  ?  " 

"  Why  *  don't  yon  know  now  ?  "  asked 
the  old  lady* 

"Oh!  Frank!  Frank!"  cried  Mre. 
Bliot. 

'^  Upon  my  word"  he  replied,  as  well 
ae  he  could  for  laughing/^  I  am  guiltleaa 
of  any  knowledge  of  the  chief  mistake, 
Lorel  told  me  he  saw  Miss  Smith  b  the 
atage^-and  eo  he  did.     How  did  I  know 

that  he  had  got  the  wrong /^  and 

hereupon    everf   body    went    into    fits 
a^in. 

**  But  who  19  the  other  lady  1  *'  I  de- 
manded when  the  tirfit  lull  in  the  gale  of 
merriment  occurred. 

"Why!  don't  you  remember  her?" 
cried  the  old  lady_  ^  Why !  she  la  my 
niece,  Helen  Eliot  1 " 

''  lielen  Eliot  I "  I  exclaimed. 

"Why;  that's  what  I  supposed  you 
would  find  out  when  I  introduced  you 
to-day,"  cried  Frank^  "  and  I  supposed 
you  had  found  it  ouu" 

**  Is  it  possible  1 "  aaid  I,  turning  to  Mra. 
Frank  Eliot. 

^  Why  noj  indeed."  replied  that  lady ; 
*■  she  is  my  iister  Helen." 

^  For  God's  sake  then^  who  are  you  1 " 
I  inquired,  determined  not  to  be  eurpris- 
ad  at  uty  thing;  while  Cranston  and 
tlw  Teritable  Maiy  Smith  joined  their 
Totoee  to  the  geneiil  chorus. 

"  Me  1  "  screamed  the  lady  j  "  pray 
whom  have  you  taken  me  to  be  ?  surely 
you  have  called  mo  by  my  proper  name 
eereral  tunei  to-day .^^ 


"Tea,"  said  1  ^'Ofeiypeipleiedj  "y^a, 
you  ar^  now  Mrs,  Frank  Eliot — but 
had  always  suppji^cd  that  Mr.  Frank 
lot  had  married  Miss  Helen  Eliot — i 
cousin  Helen,"  I   added  after  a  pai 
"  that  I  used  to  talk  about  with  him," 

"  Whereas^"    interposed    Frank, 
make   an    explanation    that    I   tl 
would    be    supererogatory    alter 
being  presented  to  the  several  ladi<i 
day,  I  married,  instead,  Mies  Etfen 
iot,  an  elder  dgter  ofMias  Rekn  oft] 
name ;  of  whom^  as  you  say,  we  nsed 
discourse  somewhat  in  our  days  of  trai 
and  with  whom  you  rode  in  the  stagtt 
from  the  city,'* 

''And  with  whom  he  ffell  madly 
love^"  added  the  Jucke. 

*^  So  it's  not  me,  after  all,  then," 
Miss  Mary  Smith,  in  her.  own  pro] 
person,  claaping  her  hands  with  a  eti^ 
air>      ^^  Heavens!    what   a    disappoisfr- 
ment ! " 

^  I  beg  youl]  be  consoled,"  said  Crani- 
ton. 

"  Need  I  tell  you  who  the  Other  Chii 
is^  Lovel  1  *'  asked  Frank  taking  his 
and  me  each  by  the  hand. 

"  Quite  a  pretty   tableau,  I  declai^" 
cried  Mias  Smith.    Just  then  the 

bell  ran|,    "  And  there's  the  prompi 

bcU,^'  she  oontiDued^  *4et  toe  curtaiit 
dmp." 


Here  Mr.  Lovely  as  he  called  hi 

abruptly  paused^  and  after  mcrtstej 
his  lipa  for  a  moment  at  the  moutll 
his  brandy  flask,  took  a  cigar  torn 
case,  and  turned  to  the  i^venue^ee] 
otiScer  for  a  light.  After  that  he  f^ttli 
himself  in  his  seat,  drew  a  long  brt^th, 
and  began  smoking. 

''  Is  that  all  ? "  inquired  the  stoat  gett- 
tleman  with  the  round-topped  oap, 

'  I've  finished,"  replied  Mr.  Level 

**  But  what  happened  next  1 "  persisted 
the  stout  gtmtleman. 

**  Dinner,'*  said  Mr*  LoveL,  without 
taking  his  cigar  from  his  lips, 

^^Ajnd  what  next?"  still  inquio^  tb* 
fileepy  gentleman,  with  great  pertinacity. 

^'  Wine  and  cigars,  and  further  the  d»^ 
ponent  saith  nut,"  said  Mr.  Lovel. 

^^  Pshaw  I"  Faid  the  stout  gentlfimaD 
testily* 

**  A  most  worthy  oondueion  if  it  must 
be  so,"  cried  the  sailor.  ^  Come,  g**ntli^ 
men,  are  yon  r^uiy  for  the  uejn  yam "?  " 

*^  I  should  rather  hear  whether  the  laet 
narrator  married  Helen  Eliot;"  said  th» 
stout  gentleman,  a  littki  sulkily. 

"  1  iiould  be  happy  togivn  you  all  lh« 
information    in   my  power/*    taiil    Mr* 


Fbotl-JToftst* 


1S5 


bat  OMilr  hm  csuitioiM.^^ 

fwat  u  /  " 

*lf  a  M  Hi/  ium  At  the  whcd^^^id  L 


Hie  re  en&ue^!  &  fiimuUani?ons  kiselnf 
t»f  ihe  "[Kior  dumb  luouths"  of  llie  IjtUo 
wj||ow-or)Tert4  fl*Ak?i,  and  n  pcncrnl  ro- 
lighting  of  cigiu^  und  rt*newiiJ  of  tiihnc<^ 
ftiirdtt.     Aft*-?  i\w  busik*  otrAKioned  by 

ccl  Tuy  stf>r*y^  wliich  I  do  mn  fcsil  obliged 
to  i>ut  uiJoTi  jmijor  in  thv  Kwuie  words,  1  n 
U'lUu^^  iU  Uien^forL'^  T  ^Imll  iiddii^is  my- 
m\i  direcU;  to  Uje  recidor. 


WOOD-NOTES. 


■Htfw  fiwuf;^— [^^«#  CKonMi 


f  lEf  AOK  BTo.  t. 


^raES^  T  torriV,  n^r  to  m»k^  wtsrds, 
1    hmt  liteaam  t  iWimlity,  but 

■ncfc  i^AMJU,  h^  ( «A  I  nill  bj 

tkae  *'ftooH«04iriu}4''  Jiuw)  what  set  uf 
linHD^tfHii*,  nitdor  my  own  control,  I 
ail»f  hI  KuoQGGBlblljufle  to 

l^dKu  1.    I  ik<Dn»  t«  ex- 

MIL  M0  irtii^jicuiiiny  ftg  I  emn,  the  work- 
In  of  ||m>  iiiBicliiiH!|  an  widl  an  the  pro^kict 
tffiiiUhrli  -'  '  ^-*^m  coTittxiioiwr  In 


I 


|UdlJ^^.. 

^  djcieolate  in  the 

"^^  n  tlmb  tnreriH 

Plnr  limr  gmT 

pMrt   ill  litx  ff^ni 

V  liich  do  tbeir 

y  rcNira ;  win- 

C' 

r  tbt.'  TTii[J!jle?d 

kMK  «U>1 

nJid 

HWIirtrdt 

ji  lun 

mk» 

,  iiig  iu-iuy  of 

iMirr 

-,    tftbiifffhitiff 

^^  ' 

:    OL'    tflO    ll)f>UTjtftit) 

IW* 

r  of  tbc   hor\  fA.m. 

i 

'      loom  J  pijr|ilt? 

n 

by  my  ari»«t 

C 

-  !  rfrt?  only 
this  pre- 

«Pi  V 

;ind  ^tA- 

tkntr 

'1   silent, 

aad  vTiU. 

■-..^  lo  tbeun- 

etil  ca2Ct«*Qi  *ji 

1  lowwds  niL^ 

QggKt  M»  imt   -1i> 

f-  T 

rk  done  i 

lA^^ 

1  <if  It   tn 

fiicb 

fHMi! 

Aith 

1W  r 

uing 

tBlly.^ 

/  in* 

HbUit 

-.,  or 

^Krtf. 

in 

■ViHtli  lu 

I'niKLi  {^i  de(y 

Toi*  ir,*-l 


crttidsm;  thcrre  li  tx>t1i  e^riDOlcfiT  and 
inliionly  for  thi?  ndjcetifu,  BcefdcA^  an 
Adjective  [  nna^i  hnVe^  iiid  coiild  I  ^ay 
trcfttimman?)  routhji^  of  tbe  wmtict 
At  ^uch  B  timt!  thi*  intellect,  unTcftR  oxvi^ 
work:d  to  Htuj>idity,  c3qjrindB  imd  itj^cx^ndii 
M  did  thi*  li^*erftU'd  Afrite^  whom  this 
Jlslwrnmn  frted  from  the  braiwn  Jvlt  "mlo 
which  Solomon  ha*l  hf}jui^^U^\  him* 

3,  CirctimKlanL-cs;  of  wbich  First  :^T 
h*\o  pljiyi^i  tliiXi        "  "       "  ,  f 

chexpi ;  d  GinfXio  1'  '  'i 

Gambit^ jiftd  a  K»ii|;  >  I'uu  rj.  %  riw  -  u  n^  nj- 
of,  that  the  intcIk'Hnd  cici foment  cumi- 
\n^  mipht  Lh?  of  a  pU^oK^nt  cMjmpli^xion^^  I 
to^ik  iiHitiH  t<>  U?  vjfiur  in  two,  nnd  nfter 
%  ^mrp  conU'^^t  did  tt*  Seooud  ;  I  [»!uyt'l 
a  noctnnie  for  piiin<^*fort*iy  that  a  ditc 
pnorKirlioji  of  ikHubrij  fnnaeEi  might  1>e 
<?voKod  to  miojch^  with  tlji*  Cfiinlmtivt-  wid 
hAJ'Hhly  Yivid  w^nsations,  njmainiiig  from 
the  viok'nt  »trif<?  awr  the  dtcfis^board 
Thini;  1  [tHfttxik,  iind  lit  til  at  lht4  pr»- 
Fent   writinje,    do    (Khu    tiirje    lo    tim« 

rrtake^  of  a  err  tain   confiTtion,  wliich 
know    by  4.'    to    pofisttti    l 

jKiwer    of  j'  HtrmnUtitig  ib« 

m«* n Ia]  aiC^tr yn^  *>i  ^  j  1 1  j  ui Jjti cjui*  eater*  I 
had  intendinl  not  fo  nanvo  the  luxnry, 
k'*t  I  fihoulfl  Iw  suspected  of  covert  *1- 
TcriiHing;  and  lej<t,  too,  I  Rhould  difvct 
the  siepx  of  M'mc  &h*itrrninM>i  ntie  to  a 
hmrtnfui  pleiwiinr ;  but    <  v  tihun 

the  a  till  morr  offtuj-siTe  i'   .  "  which 

I  §ee  hi  the  dbtanoL^  uf  pmifling  p^rt  wtno 
— nr  brandy — or  cortlittl-drop»  (rik"  tt*- 
hx'lefi  of  viU^  upecimeiis  of  vile  £lytd«  !)^  I 
m\i^i  explain. 

*^  Chficokte  crcam~dro[>n,"  thm,  are 
m J  *•  jiart  icij I  ar  WK ri  i !  y  /*  I>  i kco  verwl  by 
chance,  whih  -^^  in  the  wihkr- 

npm  m  ffwt^  If^r'ji  or  Thomjh 

mu%  thu  itii|^n^-i  1114  Lvullitupo  forthwith 


LiethFOned  mT  preceding  bftoe-bam  idols 
I— **itick^c«idyi*'  lo^ng^fl^  "pipe»"  v*^ 
tiilla  cream,  gura  arable  drops— «ad  for 
fmn  hia  Wn  the  sole  candy  of  my 
thoughts.  Id  spit^  of  a  queer  cata]o^o 
of  adulterate  niattera  from  tiine  to  time 
diecOYcred,  from  the  list  of  which  in  mj 
poi'ket-book  I  trauecnbe,  via,,  "cinna- 
mon ;  pme  sticks  ;  tiard  coaJ ;  cotton ; 
quartz  rock;  iand-^toue  dittos  eheap 
maple  sugar ;  coarse  brown  papr  wads  i 
gumarabicj  India  rubber  (vuicanked)  j 
lead  01^  J  "  in  spite  of  aU,  I  am  yet  en- 
chained by  the  arotutttic  fragranoej  the 
inappreciable  deiicacy  of  flavor,  the  to- 
luptuous  mingling  and  melting  of  peifume 
and  sweet,  and — not  bitter;  yet  no  other 
word  is  BO  near  my  meamng.  By  them 
I  am  enchained;  and  yet  more  by  tlie 
tnysterious  eali^hteumentand  free^flow- 
ing  balf-in^piration  which  a  moderate  in* 
diligence  in  the  peerless  sweet  iH-eatheg 
over  the  intellect. 

But  r  must  not  dl?«ife  so  far.  AU 
this  time  I  am  only  banning  to  get 
ready  to  commence.  The  confessions  of 
an  American  Candy  Eater  are  yet  ta  be 
written.  Perhaps,  if  nobody  ste&lB  my 
thought^  I  may  some  time  jierform  that 
duty.  In  the  meanwhile^  f  faaTe  given 
tVic  immediate  circumstancea  which  with 
me  J  at  prtsent,  are  most  favorable  to 
rapid  and  pleasant  writing. 

"Bad's  the  liest  then,"  (Qmsquis 
ietiptUur,}  On  that  point,  QnisquiSj  there 
are  differences  of  opinion.  I  am  doing 
as  weU  ns  I  can.  Are  you?  {Exit 
QuU.  refuted.)  ,^ 

It  was  not  undesignedly  that  1  said, 
with  quasi  tautological  iteration,  "  begin- 
ning to  get  ready  to  commence,"  The 
fir^it^  *^  beginning,"  is  done.  The  second, 
*^  getting  ready/'  is  an  ea^curette  into  fer 
other  regions  of  thought;  for  whereas 
preface  No.  L  was  a  slate  men  t  of  alnaoit 
mechanieal  stimuli  to  composition, 

PEEF^CE  No,  % 

is  to  be  an  endeavor  to  analyze  and  ex- 

ptaiu  a  pnncLp!e  or  group  of  principles 
which  is  or  are  to  account  for  pleasures 
arising  from  the  contemplation  and  nar- 
ration of  subject-matter,  such  in  specific 
character  as  the  subject-mat ter  of  my 
midn  diflcounse,  vir,,  youthful  exi>erieii- 
ces,  in  tbemselvea  of  no  great  rarity  or 
aignificance,  but  evoked  into  defmite 
gtatemenbs  under  the  conditions  con* 
sccjuent  upon  their  long  esciBtence  within 
the  dim  rt?alms  of  the  nctor'a  memory. 
The  Apecijic  charui^ter  of  the  subject,  I 
Bi^y ;  not  the  particular  txiicriencea,  nor 
thdr  contemporary  exterior  drcumstan^ 


ces;  but  the  intensified  int^f^Bt  attaeh- 
ing  to  tliem,  when  they  art  eallpd  up 
through  the  mists  that  rise  over  the  gulf 
of  fidlen  youthftil  years— -seem  3«  phan- 
toms of  past  delights,  smilitig  to  us  Irom 
"  Cloudland— goi^geoua  Ian*],''"  across  » 
di£tanee  as  acoeettible  aa  the  ^rly  etami- 
ty  of  God 

The  chief  caoBes  of  tbe  pletsnte  of 
which  T  have  spoken  are,  I  believe,  two ; 
which  I  shall  number  and  snbdivide.  for 
the  sake  of  lucid  anangement,  aa  fol* 
lows  ; 

1.  The  eotemporary  relations  to  the 
mind  of  the  events  rememben^ ;  under 
whicb  I  distingiusb 

a.  The  importance  of  my  gtren  event, 
as  compared  with  the  body  <i  eJ^perlenoe 
ab^Ady  collected.  Such  event  Is  lariger 
in  comparison  with  auch  expcrieneeT  than 
any  following  event ;  and  this  proportlmi 
of  excess  increaaes  aa  the  sum  of  «xpc^ 
rience  anteriorly  gathered  diminii^bes, 
riz.^  towards  birtb*    And 

Ik  The  impressibility  of  tbe  mind  So 
that^  oontimimg  to  use  tbe  metaphor  in- 
augurated in  the  word  "  inipressibilify,^ 
we  have^  taking  circumstances  a  aud  6 
together,  the  notion  of  a  beavr  mas^  in- 
fringing upon  a  soft  body,  and  the  resylt- 
ingidea  of  a  deep  impression. 

This  completes  the  iHuetrative  analyidfl 
intended  only  as  to  tbo  di9finctnp»»  of 
the  memory.  It  remains  to  inquire  why 
these  remembranoes  (if  not  ^jf^vons  in 
themselves),  when  summoned  into  the 
court  of  our  present  thoug^hts,  appear  in 
tbe  witness-box  so  decidedly  to  possess 
the  favorable  regards  of  the  court,  and 
testify  so  invuriably  and  so  cre<libly 
the  delightful  nature  of  the  matters 
evident;e« 

For  this  also  are  reasons  twain,  via.,  a. 
The  condition  of  the  individual  during  the 
experiences  in  qnestion.  Body  and  m  nd 
arv  (com para ttvely)  pure  and  heallby. 
The  elastic  growth  of  the  physical  frame 
is  not  yet  clogged  or  distorter  1  hy  thephy- 
sjologicttl  crimes — the  errors  and  excesses 
in  food,  drink)  garment,  work^  play,  regfl 
— the  social  eoreefies  which  so  ©ft«i  eon- 

jure  up  floutls  for  murtii' ^   -' -  —  faf 

the  uoQutide,  an<i  titick  ;l  ^ 

for  the  jiunset,  of  the  L  ...    ,.=     ... kA 

in  fit  I  ociis  0 f  J oy .  A  con st  1 1 u t  io nal  haji- 
piness  is  t!ms  furnished  to  the  mind; 
and  the  mnor  light  of  thr  ^lad  young 
soul  bathes  all  the  obieclt^  atong  ita 
rood. 

b*  A  natural  consequence  (for  I  must 
positively  call  in  my  wkirmishtTs,  und  ad- 
vance tbe  main  body  of  my  pa^ior)  im,  that 
the  disigrdeiibb  parts  of  <mr  rceollecuona^ 


i 


I 


i  hy  Tirttie  of  onr  yotiihJVi!  power  of 

I  to  sorrow.  '  /irtiiJly  hut 

(ynt  iJBpf«n«<inii  in  r  ,  with  tho 

fplemlors   nf  onr     h;i|'|nues»,    0»d« 
^;  so  lh»t  novi*^  wht'ti  w«  loak 

lA  Of  af  youtli, 

cgd  W9  gMB  mil  from  ijnong  the  dini  laby- 
of  iBtrife  and  fe*il  mnd  Texalioo, 
«iikli  our  iiianhtKKJ  has  ao  hnpfr- 
hmsam»  mtmn^M  and  bewt,  to 
_lhlau  wliere  wc  went  and  c«me 
fe  afc^  cod  tkUf^t,  iMsithtT  knowing  nor 

f%M«  comitfl  that  odloQs  Quisqciie  •gaiii, 
1^  **  ilttip  bnt  rufgmr,*'  with  tn  i|^or- 
In  ■nporting  tbftt  "^  much  roffle  °  stft^ds 
te  as  mvnrM  mtio,  liotfa  of  quantity  and 
Mliif » 10  th«  ]in**n  sn  tl  ..^tratma  in  which 
illalimiL      n>  'a«t  thmtigh  so 

kifB  «  fste,  til  jty  hchmd  will 

a  mat  wad  nm  awa^ ;  and  mixe&  up  bis 
wilk  ilMcml  and  inociheftfitt  i^fcr- 
mam  li»  ^  tuoimtaiii^  *^  mad  "  mice,'* 

Tl»  l)iitaqiiii  I  answer  thn<(  (ii^t  «toop- 
ia^  lo  raprd  atijr  clmr^*s  ml  (lion 

i|piB2^t  )■  that  i  i\:\\\.  writ- 

%mf  n;  two  distmcl  thaitj^h 

dMt  tnstxjjbcs^  ^111  that  now  f  ^       ' 
m  thiril,  haring  ;> 
I  with  thfl  Ptcir*  i*^- '»-   — 
i  wbatctvr  lo  viiher  of  ibc  for- 
rintDtltcror  mannc^r.      Thii^ 
r,  t  mermljr  nj  li>  Ouii&quis,  ^  kh 
[  "Cfttmft  b«  fiimd  J  *^  for  between 
'  tad  cctc,  th^rv  tt  somelhmg  m 

B«ii  sDW|  having  "  tarried  a  little,  thnt 
f  mi^  mm  as  caiid  tha  »Qoticr,** 

I  «fll  wmrtfrr^,  by  ireammendng  th^ 
I  which  I  bmn,  atiil  of  which  I 
tba  central  idea,   in  the  two 


ruMtsmi  vo.  a 


md  L 


T)im9  wwa  of  two  us      *' 

ionna  of  lalo  ^^ — a  €</iiij«^ 
kaomi  m  ihal^f  tniapr' 

0«r  iktlgli  ««!,  an  ma,, ^ 

Imtm^h^m  «o^|ietiif«rl,  lo  **  tniint> ;  "  our 
HtmMkm  aatikm^aiiil  tbi^  imw  aiiDw^t, 

pjdiih  that  time  n^rocUd   ^  ivrca^ 

Wy  bdiw  ^  I  «t>4:»i  waik  to  Um* 

luiar^  ob  ungo 
•da,  or  iiw  UtLifi 


pass  same  day^a  b  woodland  i|)Qrts  thcfe 

and  thereaboula.  and  retura* 

A  summary  description  of  our  prepaiv 
tion  and  outfit  wd)  not  be  superiluoiis, 
and  may  haptj  help  mmit  adventurous 
pedestrian*  We  o^nsidcred^  theii^  Ibit 
we  ought  to  waik  ouj  l\\\Tly  mile*  a  dajj 
without  trouble  \  and  inasmuch  m  Qur 
sedentary  collegiate  (aod  rustkatc)  life 
had  thrown  our  h^  aiittle''out  of  draw- 
ing,*' wc  look  a  course  of  preliuikmry 
train ingj  which  in  my  own  case  was 
hricBy  as  follows.  I  purclmsed  the  heftvy 
cowhide  booU  in  which  I  intended  to 
trarelj  and  (^ve  them  a  terrible  bMliDg 
with  an  ^rti tidal  and  water-defying  com* 
pound,  of  which  the  *'  great  fundamental 
priiMiiples  ^*  wi^re  India-rubber  and  tallow* 
Ttiem  then,  daily  at  fire  k,  m,  I  did  indue, 
and  the  same  fiom  and  after  the  saiil  llro 
diddiligentlj  propel  orer  distances,  and  at 
Bpeedi^  iucrcAaing  fn>m  half  a  mil©  oa  a 
moilerate  walk  to  ti?o  or  iix  miles  on  a 
good  swinging  trot  of  seven  milci  an  hour 
Here  [  will  interpolAl^  one  caution  to  all 
anteprandial  exereisoa  tuu.  to  eat  a  cmck- 
«r^  or  half  a  slica  of  broad,  or  sometUing 
of  that  refreshing  natur©,  before  starting. 
This  little  snack  will  marvdloufily  fortify 
the  .«>tomach,  wbkh  elmt  would  ofkn  ylidd 
to  the  combined  ejects  of  empttaef^  and 
fatigue^  asid  so  incajiacitate  the  enterprising 
nmiLMt  bolb  Aroin  breaking  luA  fast^  and 
from  forafortably  doing  his  daj*a  w<*rk. 
At  lejLht  snch  \^  uiy  cx^)crscnee» 

While  1  WM  tbuBcoursiugaboul^  *^0Tcr 
the  taonntain  aucl  over  thts  mo«>r,"  the 
b!ack*mtth  add  tnmkumkcr  were  prepar*' 
ing  nie  a  knap^ck,  iM\  my  own  plan,  as 
follows.  1*  A  ^kekt^jn  of  stout  steel 
wire,  daiped  togetlj>T  at  the  comerH, 
where  ci«cef»aryt  ^'^ch  in  ^hape  and  Biza 
aA  viould  \^  fcrfinc^fl  by  adapting  the  wire 
to  ail  the  rr/g^rj  of  a  Wa  ontf  f'Kil  high^ 
fourteen  ineb%»  long^  wid  tbrv*  mfhoa 
thick*  2.  A  cover  of  stout  ruKJW't  k^ath«r, 
sew 0*1  stroni^ly  and  tight  every  wherc^es- 
c^'pt  acro!ii<4  one  of  (tie  longer  narrow  sidct 
of  tlie  s!wk  wbich  served  «3  a  mouth* 
Uvt^r  tbi^  the  It.'aihern  eoviT  (Spread  in  a 
flap  wlikb  ftil  wime  wa>n  over  tb#i  fur- 
ther etlgr,  and  wa^  fa^^tcuLd  hy^  two  abort 
Htra|^  to  buekki  newed  Upon  tbe  oorre*- 
pmhng  bruadKidt^  of  ibis  itadu  liii«|;ba 
tt  in  that  conilitbu,  roiling  npm  mj 
slioulders,  Hap  and  buckloK  outward,  ft 
Ld  luatainod  there  by  two  other  atrapi)  of 
which  each  tii  ucwia  to  tbt  umr  idge  of 
tlml  bruad4Hl0  of  the  knapiiat  whlcb  is 
aoj^t  me,  ptseca  iorwmrd  over  the  shouldtr 
on  tiM  «ame  aide,  down,  aUll  oa  tJtw.  luuft 


^^ 


lomrer  «dg^  of  th«  aaiae  ndn  ot  ^tua  Vglv^ 


Wbod^yoifs. 


Sick  to  wHdh  it  in  ser«d.  Cmi§-WlU 
«re  a  pkgue.  The  Back,  &rr4ngc4  as  t 
EftTC  described,  was  dgimed  aixtl  dofftni 
moT«  ejuickly  than  a  jnck^itj  and  gat 
light  1 J  and  easily  upon  tnc. 

In  this  I  stow^  my  Imrdling  outfit  of 
cTotheii,  atationervT  and  a  f^w  materials 
for  nmking:  coarse  artificial  fliesi. 

Siroh  had  >>ocn  my  preparations;  and 
after  dinner  ont*  tlay  m  tlii^  lie^nning  of 
June,  just  as  I  was  despairing  of  Harry ^a 
advent  that  dnVj  and  was  arrftn|!:ing  my 
fiiihing' tackle  for  a  little  sport  in  the  Con* 
ncH-tkut,  the  doulitfiil  &tf  [)a  of  a  stranger 
eanie  e:sjieri  men  ting  up  the  dark  stairway 
which  led  to  my  room  j  a  aharp  knoc^ 
rattled  upcm  th«  wrong  door,  and^  respon- 
sive to  my  intuititely  welcoming  shout 
of  *' Comer'  Harry  ojiened,  successively, 
into  a  dentist's  aud  an  attorney's  offices, 
tried  the  locked  garret  door,  and  ulti- 
mately, by  a  process  of  exhaustion,  found 
and  entered  my  roora,  and  greeted  rao 
with  a  EicientilSc  sophomoiic  howl,  a  short 
war  dance,  and  a  violent  shaking  of  the 
hand. 

Our  cofitl^iteis  were  wonderful.  Mine 
wm  as  folbwa:  blue  check  .^irt.  curious 
antique  coat  and  pantR,  black  glazed  cap, 
finished  with  sheaih-knife  in  Ijelt  around 
iraifit,  HanrX  along  with  mine,  exem- 
plilied  that  unity  in  variety  which  is  one 
of  the  remotest  and  least  nppreetatcd*  but 
moat  satisfactory  conditions  of  beauty — 
the  VM>auty;  at  least,  of  arranii^mont*  For 
gla^'d  cap,  read  chaotic  felt  hat ;  for  blue 
check,  red  flannel  j  and  with  minor  differ- 
ences, e-  ^-T  in  the  wrinkles  of  boot&, 
color  and  patches  of  garments,  and  char- 
acter of  knapsack  (in  which  last  regard, 
thotigh  I  say  it  that  shouldn^t  say  it,  the 
steel  IVarae  gare  luo  a  decided  advantage 
over  Harry),  wCj  like  ^^  young  Celadon  and 
his  Amelia,"'  were  ''a  matcliless  pair," 
That  *'  Celadon."  by  the  way,  always 
attiictcd  me,  by  means  of  the  notion  lurk* 
ing  about  it,  that  fnend  Thfimson  meant 
to  say  ''  Caledou,''  which  i:^  a  much  more 
mouth  fin  tug  word^  but  failed,  through 
ignorance  or  careleftgne.^s.  leLiving  the  pre- 
sent meaching  tri%' liable,  with  it^  asso- 
ciated ideas  of  celery,  ctiiandiue,  and  col- 
anders— -fiirec  as  wis^h- washy  and  diluted 
notions  as  we  Kb  nil  reudily  hnd. 

Well,  an  hour  ur  two  sulticed  to  \rrite 
a  couple  of  IcIterH,  to  pj'ocure  a  certain 
antouut  of  doIIarB  and  of  chan^,  and  to 
bid  a  brief  and  ^tern  farewell  lo  my  ditigy 
old  room,  to  tbc  busy  vvt>rtJ  ^>tjlow.  tuii 
the  pe/»pte  generally  in  that  ntjighborhoodt 
norje  of  whom,  sn  fur  as  my  memonr 
KTves  me,  deigned  any  reply.  We  were 
tiie  crnosure  of  all  eyas — ft  double  star 


of  the  first  magnitude — as  we  slr«>Ile4f 
down  Hill-streeE  to  the  staUoni  in  a  very 
CaUfoniian  styk,  boot-ti>pR  outiiide.  kiia|»- 
sacks  stung,  sheath-knires  sticking  vi* 
cionsly  out  from  our  girdles,  and  ilshing^ 
rods  in  hand. 

We  went  bj  raHroad  or  on  foot^  without 
any  very  remarkable  exporicufiea,  by 
Springfield  and  Worcester  to  Menetlith 
Eridgo,  at  the  lower  end  of  Lake  Wiimi- 
piseogee.  We  amused  ourselves  in  a 
quiet  way  by  entering  extraordinmry 
names  upon  the  bottd  registers ,  and  by 
talking  together  of  our  large  Soutb*^m 
property,  and  of  the  many  fearful  sceDes 
through  which  we  had  passed ;  rascmnt* 
ing  flghU,  bunts,  and  gambling  aid¥«n- 
tures  with  a  fluency  and  fiiluess  of  inci- 
dent and  description  that  set  the  tavern 
loafers  all  agape,  and  produced  a  very 
deep  impression  upon  the  inquiring  mind 
of  one  postmaster,  in  particnlai'.  It  was 
with  sincere  grief,  as  he  informed  us  per- 
sonally, that  he  heard  of  our  resolution  I 
depart.  And  his  sorrow  was  a  patriarch' 
one — not  for  himself  alone,  but  for 
community  whose  letters  he  handled — as 
if  they  all  were  about  to  lose  welcome 
guests.  Said  he  :  *'  We're  a  very  intelli- 
gent community  here — very  intolligent. 
We're  all  fond  of  gathering  Usseful  infor- 
mation; and  when  well-informed  stran- 
gers do  visit  us,  we  enjoy  their  company 
very  much.  Couldn't  you  possibly  Stay 
a  day  or  two  longer  7  ^'  We  oouldn't^ 
possibly !  for  we  were  wondering  already 
how  the  natives  could  hold  %\m  enormous 
stories  which  they  had  swallowed,  and  we 
anticipated  a  reaction^  within  the  sphere 
of  whose  influence  we  did  not  desire  to 
come. 

From  Meredith  Bridge  we  walked  to 
Senter  Harbor,  and  thence,  aiter  some 
days^  loitering  around  the  lovely  wateirs 
of  Winnipiseogec,  Squam,  and  Little 
Squom,  not  forgetting  White  Oak  Pond,,  a 
feeder  of  the  last,  and  famed  for  great 
pickerel  But  henceforward  I  dial  I  not 
describe  journal  wise  the  daily  coursa?  of 
our  adventures.  I  will  only  repn^duce 
the  few  sccnejj  which  are  clearest  in  my 
memory,  throwing  them,  for  the  sake  of 
convenient  composition  and  Brr»ogem(?ntj 
into  short  chapters. 

I— THE  MCfOFTAlN, 

Wk  undeft4>ok  the  asceni  |^^  Mi ►i tit 
Washingtt>n,  fjom  Cruwlbrd"  ii- 

mountmn  path-  Ti^il    U-xn  r 

and  svt  in  pi!  a 

,^de.    We  i'f  ^  "X 

tin  eup5|  and  a  *iuaU  i^ftiou  mI  iiMrnd 


15SI.] 


TToocf-JVate 


ltd 


Hmipalure  .lifancly.    An  hotir  or 


_ ^  ... .-„,.,^, ,    ,,,^  . — ,,   _, 

to    fh.j   .  nmtiiit   uf  Mount 

iK'l  of  the 

liilla,   who 

'  8a€u  iuid  its  air- 

;  (;:niwfi»r<PH  lioilMi 

^..,    !^<i  ami    k^rjkoJ  a^jout 

*n*^  «Ie**f)  narrnw  vnllt'r  was   b*>hiinl   us, 


_tOfA 


to|i  of  Mount  Crftvr- 

(iii..;iTnl.     Woni  an4 
u.  It  had 

u  ii^'ithuui  other  ^lii^G 

rjile  aiMl  white 

hiX'l,  vtc  dcU-rmincd 

uu     Up  the  ritlgc  of 

who  \itkd  climV^ed  the 

"  imc!e  Cruwfljrd  to 

lij ;  down  l}n'  ulhvT 


tbrm   >i 
a{)  til  thf 

^1H     «!*►«        |---         . 

#h^i   11 ' 

»I    Vrt   fl^ 

AfUT  r 

Lif)  t^k]r> 

•1:1*1  'jU  u<    w* 
\  n:n^   riiv*niiL;uii 

l.W«  -*■  ^  ■    ^  ■ 
te«;  iz>fet>  ^  tiA 

■Uhii'tr   ill  r'V\. 

Hit,  ^ 


V .  ii«w 

T%mi  »il  v«7«  U0<  ijui  turj 

Bat  w^  ibftntfied  aerotttf^  und  went  oow 
4njiJ  (^iir   V  i-h  ft 

plid  J  nq^t  of    Ih  ia}«cll 

I  i||4i  anient,  fiill  of  Uluc)   ani  tallefl 

l^BC  ftcron    one  nBcither  vt  all 

^*- *   "-^     -    -    ynity   inlricatd 

%.i.M  *..^-  ,- — :    V    '**'*  Fn?nch  M»d 
ISA,  ia  llie  jrev  cuf  ^aru  ]7rj^,  in 

Lot  Ali«tT»*I]lltl*'     a-    lo'    u:iH   :k«lTail* 

:  to  Uni  fttU^  '  Thm 

jiapfifi ,  » 'd  a 


1 


jump  iWT^Jss.  For  nl though  n  ccftiist 
Swiss  monk  rs  said  to  hAvvf  JpmjHjd  ntmrljT 
an  fiir  oviT  mi  iiTibridgt^l  toiTenl,  y^t 
thorc  was  a  lacly  in  tliu  r«se,  wliicli  eii- 
ooumgLfl  him,  lie  was.  m  facV  <*Jirrylng 
«  dsriMw*!  with  whom  ht*  bad  run  off;  ana 
wa*  closely  |>iirjiucd  hy  %  \^riy  of  inqui- 
ring fricjid^^  who  prQ|)osiHi  to  buvy  Llifin 
ahvi5,  littQT  acnimg  bis  tonsure  oil*  with 
a  hhmt  knifi^,  or  i&  tntkQ  thcta  uiKom- 
fortahlc  in  some  othi?r  good  ortliodox 
way.  The  mcjuk,  it  will  be  perceived,  hjyi 
grc*t  iudnLVUKjuts  to  jump;  and  \m  did 
jump,  sTid  that  to  (rood  purpose ;  for  h^ 
gi>t  Rafc  off  amongst  the  bills  with  his 
ew^K^thoart.  and  is  there  yet,  for  mil  I 
know.  But  WW  had  for  stimulus  only 
the  htmfa  hofior  of  climbioi;  Mount 
Wft&hrogttm,  who  looked  at  us  without 
changing  countenance,  snd  apptirt^ntl/ 
without  mucli  iiUoroRt.  80  Ti*tlw:tin^%  wo 
resolved  to  climb  unohtrngively  duwn  tliis 
sldtf  of  the  chasm,  anrl  op  the  other  j 
which  we  diii  with  the  losi*  of  some  part 
of  our  tingerH,  and  of  the  hugt^^t  i>.irt  of 
our  patieoc*; ;  for  the  c^hiu^^m  lit^L^mwl  (losi- 
tiYt'ly  to  have  been  put  there  to  tmp  us 
in  parUriilar.  Ilnvio^;  tiow  accoinplinbt'd 
this  further  portion  of  unr  jonniey,  n*w 
did  not  Bt'otn  to  have  hnpro^LTd  our  (iros- 
poctF ;  for  wherCJis,  Ijefun*,  wo  hud  only 
%  <:huMTu  in  front,  a  Hliort  iniapectioo  con- 
vincfirfl  lis  tliat  wo  v,\m%  now  ftO]jpliwti 
with  that  article  all  ronnd,  exccipt  where 
i  ndgy  and  crtjoked  ij^ihmu!^  ooanact^ 
our  peninf^oU  with  a  dozen  or  m  of  w^ 
cellaue^^us  mountains,  in  a  ■lit\tcti«>n  nv^arlj 
opposite  to  that  of  our  route.  Our  weir 
position  was^  m  a  tniUtary  point  of  vww^ 
e2C«vdinglj  etroog;  ifflpr^^hte,  in  Ikrt, 
except  to  heavy  utilbTy  on  the  ncighboi^ 
in^penkii;  antl  as  we  hrui  no  rea^ion  ti> 
suppotse  thatfiny  ^M)t*'nUite  eonU.'tuplati-«1 
mounting  IrtttoriL^a  thKreupon^  we  rnkht 
coEuzider  ourselves  qmto  »Afo«  Rul  tnii 
did  not  ftirther  our  main  object.  Our 
niilitikry  po<;ition  wan  of  no  inora  itjio  to 
u*  b  aaconding  >Iount  ^VnAhli^ton,  than 
i  tuil  is  to  a  loTifh  And  wo  now  licjjjaii 
to  rcf-^ive  tt!  s  from  otl>er  bal- 

teric'js  than  ti  'hly  iiow era,  name* 

ly,  from  thor^  ui  Ltii   -till,  wlio^^  ray  a  ftjll 
nj*i>n  OR.  uncouoUTarti'ti  by  any  brwexe, 

V  now  for  l1  '   '  '^^ 

I'  IHH  U>  lb*  of 


hmm   Car  *  r&nfiil  **  tiiij^hl   h»'^    amy  our 

fV  L-TTi    Itirrinl    f%.   i--%\r\u  1     lIimI     xrriil     I  .lit  of 

r  wM  ifch:ipe  to 


our  oori^^rtj  k* 

kn«>wn   an   .'  "^ 

M'Vtn  no  trt 

nmiL    tlur  ' 

Ihim  cleur     W  c  vtA-fx^  on  ikv  a|ic»  ui  a 

hill  witli  an  entiru  h<>rnrjim  o<  iwY.cfc<i  1^ 

aroinid  u*,  cut  mad  %^\\  *\i*tV  \s%  «^  Haor 


extricablo  tangle  of  rast  and  precipitous 
ravines.  Wou!d  it  not  do  jtisi  us  well  to 
amuse  ouraelvts  by  rollmg  rocks  down 
the  tnoufitiiiii  ?  We  thought  it  would ; 
and  vnth  considerable  eiaTliou.  dis^loii^ed 
two  or  three  huge  ones  of  a  ton's  weiji^bt 
or  triorp.  and  trundlfd  them  over,  Tbejr 
leajycd  dcJWTi  with  verj  little  noise,  falling 
from  rock  to  rock  with  dead  heafy  thndSf 
and  striking  out  sparks  and  smoke  from 
every  pomt  thej  hit  Then  we  explored 
our  peninsula,  and  ebristeued  it  Alount 
Washington ;  an  act  of  the  same  class 
with  Alexander's  solution  of  the  Gordian 
knot,  and  Charle male's  crowning  him- 
Belt  I  think  it  was  Charleniagne^— for  in 
all  three  an  arrojrant  vet  noble  inspiration 
of  gtjuios  estemjKirized  the  fulfilment  of 
an  enter|jriBo  otherwise  impracticable* 
Then  we  rtisted  a  little  j  resolved  sudden* 
ly,  being  rested^  that,  after  all,  we  would 
reach  the  ^*oi(/ original"  Mount  Waj^ihinK- 
ton ;  reserving  the  ^^  original  *'  mount,  in 
case  of  failure.  And  In  pursuance  of  this 
reaolTBj  we  once  more  sot  our  faces  to- 
wards tho  odrn  brow  of  the  distant  Al- 
pine king,  and  rcaumed  our  nur^ry^ 
rhyme  progrefia : 

^H«iftwegDi]p,iip^  HI), 
Aad  hfliP  wo  ftj  (iow%  doiro,  dowi^y  * 

Aad  her*  we  §o  ronsd  lod  rouudj?.*^ 

Down  m  the  bottom  of  the  first  dell 
into  which  we  plunged^  whicli,  at  its 
depths  was  just  a  narrow  rtfl  in  the  rocks, 
laid  in  great  steps,  all  slimy  with  trick- 
ling water  and  slippery  moss^  we  found  a 
lovely  little  spring.  It  gushed  out  in  a 
bubbling  spurt  from  a  cleft  under  an 
enormoua  ^^  boulder  in  »Uu^"  as  Harrj 
learnedly  called  it,  as  if  it  were  sadly 
squeezed,  under  gr*j«nd,  and  glad  to  get 
out  ns  fast  as  it  could.  And  moreover  i 
comparing  our  wearintiSJV  and  the  extrtnie 
h?at  of  tfie  hills,  with  the  fresh  carthj 
Cioolness  of  the  water,  it  certainly  SL'emtil 
oolder  than  any  we  had  ever  seen.  We 
lay  down  to  it  Out  came  the  tin  cops^ 
more  welcome  than  golden  gobI«it  to  Sat* 
danapalus  or  Bclbhuz^nr ;  and  we  drajik, 
then  and  therei  bt^iug  ni  a  pf  ofuse  porspi- 
rution,  lying  upon  cold  damp  stone,  and 
under  the  chilled  thick  stratum  of  cold 
air  that  settles  down  in  the  depths  of  such 
nvincs^  fifteen  balf-pini*^  of  ice-cold  spring 
water,  I  fiwallowing  eight— two  <^uarts^ 
and  Harry  seven.  We  qualitiei!  the  fool- 
hardy draught  neither  with  tleliheration 
nor  with  brandy.  The  thirat  of  »nch 
climbing  on   such   days  is   intcmse;  and 

Jill-     '  '  '^ "       :■  ' ",    ■ . :  •  ■* 

*-■■'■ 


cupful!  after  cupfuU  went  itnisatbfyiiigl|' 
down  tuy  throMt  until  instantaneous  re- 
pletion came  with  the  very  last  swallow. 
Neither  of  ub  feft  my  harm  then  or  after- 
ward!*, but  1  advise  no  one  to  tempt  th« 
water  sprites  so  far  i  neither  is  it  other 
than  myslerioufc  that  even  our  fierfia^t 
hitalth  and  elastic  physical  forces  did  not 
collapse  on  the  instant  But  alive  mud 
refreshed^  thoughtless  and  thankless,  we 
arose  and  went  on.  We  strtiggli^  for- 
ward for  two  or  three  hours  mm^ 
approaching  slowly,  but  not  sa^ly,  to  tJtm 
goal  or  our  endeavors.  We  could  see 
more  plainly  the  great  nits  and  gnllios 
leading  up  the  scathed  flanks  of  Mount 
Washington,  and  the  laige  snowdri^s 
remaining  about  his  crest.  We  sat  down, 
after  a  time,  wearied  and  exhausted  upon 
a  peak  apjiarentlj  about  as  high  as  llie 
old  monarch  himself,  not  more  tban 
two  or  three  miles  away  from  him,  to 
rest  and  to  gaze.  We  had  risen  so 
high  that  here  and  there  small  clouds 
were  scudding  along  the  mountain-side 
below  US,  and  we  even  passed  through 
one  which  swept  by  us — a  cold  transitory 
mist — on  it^  windy  chase  up  the  hills; 
and  the  air,  in  spite  of  the  clear  bright 
sunshine  was  oold  and  piercing*  We  BtiL 
howeviTj  in  the  Lndi  lie  rent  stupidity  m 
extreme  Iktfgue,  an  hour  or  two,  until  the 
sun  was  well  down  thu  we^item  sky,  and 
behind  a  great  bank  of  clouds  which  had 
been  gathering  in  the  horizon*  Then  we 
came  to  the  definite  conclusion  that  the 
beet  thing  for  us  was  to  g^t  back  to  the 
tavern  again  as  soon  as  possible*  SOj 
chilled,  stiff,  hungry  and  tired,  we  rose 
and  attempted  to  return  j  but  fell  forth- 
with into  un  ambush  ^t  against  us  by  the 
Princes  of  the  Powers  of  the  Air,  which 
quickly  rt*dueed  the  scope  of  our  thoughts 
from  distant  enterprise  to  immediate 
safety.  We  bad  been  delighting  oursel  ve^ 
with  watching  the  gathering  of  the  clouds 
arxjunil  tlie  great  central  peak.  Eddying 
and  iutervolviug,  vast  fleecy  hosts  now 
deployed  and  manceuwed  upton  its  inac- 
cessible flanks.  Sometimes  they  swept 
on  in  long  unbroken  line,  hiding  all  the 
nuniinit  Again,  they  oi>ened  out,  and 
plunged  down  and  away  to  one  side  or 
the  other^  leaving  the  grim  oM  lutt:  iii  bis 
dark  n^pose,  ttlutii\     But  this  at 

display  opera ttxl  as  a  '*ncfji'  in 

force."  to  occupy  the  attentuiii  *4  ug 
traxellers  in  front,  while  the  true  and 
dongeroufi  attack  came  u}n>n  us  m  fljuik- 
As  wo  ptiZtMl  hi  deli^hl  upt^n  th**  lhiok*^n- 


i.  ixi'  M.dit^ui":  JviruiiLta 


lUA.] 


Tl^'N<iU$, 


Itll 


iCi«ai4%lt*  ' '1t^  ftliatlow,    Th« 

■pnqnig'  l^w  c^cr  ottr  lieiM^  cmuo 
^tmibnrM  th«^  lu^t  light,  and  even  ks  ne 
lulwd  m  iraiNler^  llu)  woitdvr  f^^lt^l  in  to 
ftar,  W  lh»  maun  W.r  of  ttn^  rlrmdy  host 
rJifyrd  topon  tziu  It  w«ji  a  rMhl  thk'k 
§t^l  thm  m]Ai»X  md  mluhst  I  ever  fi-U  i 
•MprnUrt-"  «  - '— »  nrth  littlo  pur- 
ticW  of  im<<  tijiiin  mir  tliSn 

ritji..,.,^  .... ,  '.d  lis  tliniugh 

|_llto«<»t^  ifi  an  innUtit     ThJoker  and 
it   ri^'utrit    i.:i-i,    it!  intennmttble 

irr  s^trcngth.      We 
iitr^  to  follow  the? 

«nd  to  |t^|M3  our 
valley  of  the  S%cq  by 
If  of  llw  r*viiic«.  We 
1^11  Nu  iH^vnijf  f*«L  l'h<j  dark- 
w^  mB  Uie  tttttfifell.  tttometitly  inat«^. 
Ottrlhll*  besJ  rcTOUc^tiocii  Miring  been 
i<ili<Wii1  Kvmy  hy  th©  mist — thowmgh- 
If  atiiat4  in  m  double  senB^^— we  hmi 
MB^  wri^ottan  which  w*y  tlic  Hdge 
Mi|«il  ilavuwArilk  ITiiviTiL^  fi>Ilowed  it 
MM»  dktiace  in  cnu*  ^  lwI  com* 

iw  l«  sii  ijirwit^  \4T  '  i  that  fre 


I, 


40    4U)i;    o( 
dowmfmrkkf 


fqmr 


mI  wviil  the  oth€f 
i!''  tiijM.'  to  l>t'  per- 
'  we  |tf*t  fjurly 
mJ  of  our  tir«i- 

■  r   two    croei 

■  i<ju^  prospect 
,  *Xi4  jutt  u 
.   lost,  fK^lder, 

BOKreti,  than 


RiJM    iJiurv 


dMvUolkoffv 
^ImiMr  ti 

«f«r*  W«  eoolil  not  now  mh:*  a  stt^p ;  tnd 
■wwiPWM%  hMl  been  for  «n  hour  nuin- 
hiim^  aad  civil  fiUting^  frotn  the  wcjikucsg 

«lf  MmoallNi  &tip;tlCV      Bui   iai>    fl<inrl    Tinl 

flic  m  Vb4i9mn,  fmi  ^  i> 

of  tW  lli»t4d0Qd  should  r^ 

■trif  on  ila  wbtto  eculd  wingn.     80  we 

«Mn   lj«t«^  <Nir9efrf*4   hv    qiifidnT]it><lAl 

■s 

r*to  Av-jii^  L'tiU!  1LTJ14  iicmtch- 
mt.  Mid  ir^Ua^  tjmi  fi>j^mrd  into  the 
f*  '     li  fitimKl  lo  fiTMA  chMse  ii|i)On 

IT  ^  dfliii^  and  pAlp«t*|c  wu  ie^ 

%w  *ymp  in  oniab  ctbor  omUniiftHy,  Wt 
m  iMtJil  T1UOO1.  •cmumtM  Urir  mid 
II I  mii  fbrtn  otj  kiiifl  f<>r  rhe 
,  BM  li|>oti  <^wt\j  droppjiig  i^ 
I  fiJt>itE>i*  tiNiJcr  it.  liiat  WW  R  tti^i 
UmI  1  V  I  aix  inctim  of  »*^m^  pn^ 

CinMy  ttfif  4 


the  etige,  or  trM  nEothor  cour^ic*  Omr 
how  munj  hundred  llol  of  sh«M.T  dcseeiiL 
I  tnij  hAvo  hung  b)-  the  slip ^KTy  hold  of 
one  himd  Mid  one  knei^ — qvit  what  divrk 
and  empty  dopthe,  floored  with  edgt^d 
and  pitiless  ledges  of  teeth,  of  sharp  pri- 
njeval  slone^  I  put  out  Ik  ipk'f»8  hand  of 
ftx>t  into  the  (^hwitly  glf^oin— T  know  n<jfc, 
tior  do  I  oaix*  to  know.  Bnt  the  hrlf*- 
les»ne^  of  the  unsct'ii  ix^'etiire  yet  burdt^jj* 
my  memory.  It  has  often  imtmtcd  my 
r^  For  years,  if  anj-  slight  diRfirdiT 
superindua^d  n  dreaming  oonditbn,  I  waa 
in  di-e^ins  at  interraia  driven  by  eold 
mista  or  viewlcsa  winds,  through  inter* 
minable  chasms  waited  tip  to  heaven, 
where  I  saw  that  i^eokitig  ^tuie  repc^t- 
etl  to  infinity.  Over  every  iedf^e  would 
then  be  jmt  forth  a  helpless  hand ;  point- 
ing to  me,  clutching  at  the  thick  mif^tj 
hohiing  wide-jipreaii  fingers  atretehe! 
sttffiy  out,  sweeplnj^  slowly  hither  and 
thither^  vihrating:  np  and  down  in  frantic 
mdecision;  indicating  dreadful  variatroiit 
Upon  the  »aUtary  theme  of  utter  and  dea^ 
perate  loss  and  helpleKwneiiH. 

Sc  we  wandered  ;  nntil  it  hecimo  efi« 
dent^  ae  indeed  it  would  huvc  htviii  b^ 
fore,  if  we  Imri  reaf>  y,  that 

we  shou Id  shortly  I  ^  r  ly  un  - 

iblc  tran  to  crawly  and  tihouid  ihtn  of 
iieceflKty  Jky  over  a  crag,  or  etiffen  and 
die.  We  therefore  felt  abotit  for  a  f*oft 
rock  J  and  haTing  found  one  which,  if  not 
iotually  »oft,  was  at  least  rather  smoother 
that!  most,  and  mof^»over^a  litth*  pheltci^ 
ed  from  the  wind-<invi'n  Ac^t4*>i:,  we 
«lept  and  vratched  aJ  tcTLial  ely^  ui  mif^T- 
able  five  or  ten  mhjute  fenafclies,  until 
some  time  in  the  Utter  |iart  of  the  r%bt ; 
fipending  the  tinn^  alloittHl  to  watch  1  tig 
in  thnwhing  Llie  aruLS  afjout,  kkkini;^ 
H  tamping^  and  the  othLT  ilulefui  mant^u* 
viicfl  which  tiivi  UM'fnl  in  lighting  airaiiiKt 
BtTcre  cold  an*  1  overpo werii  s  e  <  1 1  *  ■  «>  h 
nct^tL  At  h'^\  after  an  indi  > 
tity — it  ifii^nu  «o  &r  IB  my  p^  f 

the  pUiOM^  Oi  time  waji  €i>ui . 
bi?i^n  %  w«ek— of  wretched  | 

waking^  tW  iMt  detneiimcnt  oi  tU:  drr^U 
Ui]  f(i|(  #cudd9d  Of^r  u>L  'Tim  mmm  sad 
stars  shone  out,  un '  '14  and  wel* 
come  to  Uphold,  <  d   tlie  ro* 

malnder  of  our  bny^jv,  ^iiniuionrd  thu 
rvnmindcr  uf  our  liriviijjih,  and  resamiHl 
our  la^t  1^'^^'  "f  "'  ning  out  uf  th<'  tihhui* 
tAJiL"*  by  hv  Ikll  of  the  visitfr- 

CimtXcft,        ■    ■  -iT    with    rii  inr    iid]u 

and  rrtudi  iUi:  s 


a    iii>UK',  kliiUi^   wht%^   W^4)(»L  nH   wn 


192 


West  Point  and  Cadet  Life. 


[Angr. 


fitumbled,  sometimes  in  shadow  and 
sometimes  in  the  uncertain  gleam  of  the 
moonlight,  but  free  at  leaat  from  the 
doa\1Ij  cold  and  impenetrable  darkness 
of  the  terrible  frost-fog. 

Our  scheme  was  successful.  After 
several  hours'  wandering,  we  finally 
came  out,  at  late  breakfast-time,  upon  a 


narrow  meadow  in  the  valley  of  the 
Saco,  a  little  above  Crawford's  House. 
A  day's  rest  8uffice<l  us  to  repair  dam- 
ages. As  for  Mount  Waehmgton-  people 
who  want  to  ascend  it,  may.  For  my 
own  part,  I  don't  think  it  any  thing  to 
boast  of. 


(To  be  Continued.) 


WEST   POINT   AND    CADET   LIFE. 


I  BELIEVE  in  mountains  »  In  elec- 
trician's phrase,  they  are  "  sharp 
points  "  which  gently  lead  down  to  earth 
the  sublimities  of  heaven.  They  are 
G Oil's  standing  protests  against  mammon 
worship  and  all  other  calf  idolatries.  In 
the  deep  and  benevolent  recesses  of  crea- 
tive mind,  New  York  and  Wall-street 
were  surely  foreseen,  and  thus  came  into 
existence  the  wondrous  beauty  and  sub- 
limity of  the  Hudson  valley,  with  its  Pali- 
Farlis,  Highlamls  an<l  Cattskills !  Had 
G'd  thought  as  AVall-strect  thinks,  Ho 
wuuld  have  made  no  such  vast  tracts  of 
unsalable  land  so  convenient  to  market* 
Mr.  Croesus  wouldn't  give  '''that^^  for  a 
hundred  Dunderbergs  and  Round-tops: 
indeefl  he  thinks  quite  contemptuously  of 
the  mountain-maker  for  such  a  thriftless 
waste  of  ground-room.  Poor  Croesus! 
he  should  study  the  phy>iognomy  of  Dr. 
Abl>ott's  dried  cats,  if  he  would  see  a 
physical  type  of  his  spiritual  self. 

Most  profoundly  did  I  believe  in  moun- 
tiuns  on  that  beautiful  day  in  June  184-, 
when  the  steamboat  Albany  bore  me  for 
tlie  first  time  past  the  frowning  steeps  of 
I> utter  Hill  and  Crow's  X  '<t.  During  the 
previous  winter  my  studiuu"  ^seclusion  at 
a  reputable  country  academy  had  been 
suddenly  invade<l  by  the  tidings  that  a 
cadet  appointment,  unsolicited  and  im- 
dreamed  of  by  myself,  had  actually  been 
issued  in  my  unknown  and  humble  name, 
and  that  this  weighty  summons  demand- 
ed instant  acceptance  or  rejection.  Now 
be  it  known  that  my  nineteen  sober  sum- 
mers, spent  in  miscellaneous  farm  work, 
had  revealed  to  my  consciousness  no  clear 
jnspiration  of  martial  fervors,  nor  was  the 
*iuilitary  profession  clothed  in  any  senti- 
mental fofidnations  for  my  rustic  and 
quiet  tastes.  But  I  procured  a  copy  of 
t:iat  modem  edition  of  the  Institute  of 
Lycurgus,  known  as  the  Military  Acade- 
my Regulations,  and  soon  mastered  this 


elaborate  code  in  all  its  Draconian  severi- 
ty. Overpersuade^l  and  with  many  mis- 
givings. I  at  last  decided  to  accept ;  thus 
hoping  at  least  to  become  well  educated. 
Then  came  the  sad  severance  of  sacred 
home  ties,  and  those  stirrings  of  the  inner 
depths  with  which  Youth  launches  forth 
on  life's  tossing  ocean.  The  stage,  the 
canal-boat,  the  railroad  and  the  steam- 
boat, in  turn  expended  their  energies  in 
accumulating  the  long  miles  which  sepft- 
rated  me  from  home  and  its  ever-<lear  in- 
mates. From  mother  to  stop-mother  was 
I  journeying,  when  first  the  rugged  gran- 
ite walls  of  the  Highland  gorge  frowned 
down  upon  my  eager  eyes  with  that  cold, 
hard  Grown  which  they  have  worn  through 
the  last  four  ages.  Break-Neck  Hill.  Bull 
Hill,  Butter  Hill  and  Crow's  Nest  brood 
in  silent  quaternion  over  the  peaceful 
Hudson,  as  if  in  some  mnemonic  reverie 
of  those  Titans  whose  giant  strength  clave 
asunder  their  native  union  "in  the  old 
thne  before.-'  During  this  dream  of  the 
ages,  a  scanty  investiture  of  scrub  trees 
has  "  mellowed  the  shades  on  their  shaggy 
breasts,"  and  the  dark  licheas,  in.  hardy 
legions  have  encamped  over  the  bald 
rocks,  blackening  their  primal  fcldspathx: 
blush  into  the  similitude  of  rude,  unsha- 
ven monarchs.  Unused  to  mountiins  in 
my  gently  undulating  birth-land,  I  gazed 
with  fluttering  heart  on  these  silently 
speaking  Memnons,  so  reminiscent  of  that 
primeval  dawn  when  the  sons  of  mom* 
mg  sang*  their  chorus  of  creation.  These 
rugged  battlements  rose  before  my  mind 
both  as  moniunents  and  as  .  s^'mbols. 
Their  severe,  unchastencd  outlines,  their 
unimpressible,  self-collected  granite  rigi- 
dity, their  seeming  consciousness  of  a 
mission  knowing  no  to-day  nor  to-morrow, 
their  sublime  aspirings  and  deep  down 
foundations ;  all  spoke  to  me  of  that  now 
visible  Sparta  whereof  I  was  about  be- 
coming a -conscript  son.    Thus  Btricken 


Wnt  Ptmt  ami  Ctidei  Life. 


with  swe  did  I  lre«d  Ihat  shore,  smoe  so 

We^t  Point  is^bont  fiflj-throe  miles 
Ikmi  Xoir  Yorl^  on  the  we^t  bank  of  the 
EmitROD,  It  consists  of  %n  irregalar  mngle 
or  ^Obil^  elbowing  the  Hudson  into  the 
cuire  of  it^  entire  naTigable 
A  plain  of  about  160  acres,  ela- 
ov€r  13<}  feet  above  the  riTer,  crownjs 
pOfDt,  while  the  limiting  bluffi  fuid 
laoiiung  doim  lo  the  water's  edge  offer 
miaj  beAntSal  dtisteiiiip  of  folmge  nnd 
entloaknig  p^miite  spurs,  to  greet  the  river 
f^fpi^Bt*  On  the  pl&iQ  is  the  Academic 
lE&U,  the  Chapel,  Hospital,  library,  Cidet 
Bmy«ks.  and  Mess  Hail,  the  hoiLse^  of 
fh&  Professors  and  officer^  and  the  open 
area  for  mihtarf  e  vol  a  tioas.  Under  the  hill 
lo  thie  northwi^  lies  the  quarter  known 
li  Cafiiplowa  which  consUts  of  the  sol- 
Pitts'  barracks  and  the  varioas  emalJ  tene* 
by  the  motley  academic 
of  all  minor  degreeSL  In  the 
or  to  the  west,  the  plaia  is  shut  in 
\f  a  T^sip  qT  hills.  Mount  Independence 
btiQf  just  ahr^^and  weanng  old  Fort 
IHmiani  as  its  headrdr^s*  About  a  mile 
«f^  Redoubt  HUl  ri^s  still  higher,  and 
bitwveti  this  and  lordly  Crowds  Nest  winds 
^  valley  threafled  by  the  Canterbury 
vmA,  Across  the  nrer  m  CoasUttition 
hiiod.  crowned  with  fort  ruins  and  the 
\aam*  of  Qneechy^s  authoresi.  Fort 
HflBtgoingry  is  about  siie  miles  below  the 
hmi,  and  is  apoessible  by  a  deltghtTul 
iwiti^  joltings  excepted  So  much  for 
temphy. 

liow  a  word,  partly  of  counsel^  relative 
te  Ci4ct  aKKntitmeiit&  ^'  How  can  I  bo^ 
«■•  a  Caoet  T  *'  is  a  qaestion  very  prone 
toirisi  in  a  "young  Americanos ^'  lubd 
vlniittiTed  by  fifes  and  G»tber&  Brieliy 
thoL  For  each  Congressional  District 
^  C^et  is  allowed^  whose  appointment 
ipietjcally  in  the  gift  of  the  Represen- 
titne  tn  Cofigress  from  that  District 
Oontioigjeficitt  eonsidertd,  a  vacancy  occurs 
iboat  onoe  ^  three  year^  for  each  district. 
^  ^t^m<t)  your  appoinUnei^t  depends 
Mj  on  thm  being  a  vacancy  ibr  your 
Itoick  lad  secondlv,  on  your  worthy  or 
ttwynhy  M,  0.  The  President  makes 
Mvi  appointments  at  large  each  >-ear^ 
M  |Oa  value  your  peace  of  mind,  do 
bopi  to  he  one  of  his  elect.  And  be 
<yn  mufeiihw  on  any  score,  for  it  is 
Ikit  dcuiog  the  ]Vf (!xican  nur,  nearly 
'lOOatfKl  applications  were  maile 
A  ifinglt  7^1%  ^  '  remember  cor* 
AMimtslmeots  alt  come  from  tho 
of  War,  to  whom  a  formal  ap- 
ihould  be  made;  but  your  M, 
i^ly  •elects  for  appoiatmont.    Now 


a  far  more  vital  qtits&tion  for  you  to  con- 
sider is  whether  you  are^l  to  be  appoint' 
ed  Of  ninety-sd]c  Cajiets  appointed  in  the 
class  of  184^>,  only  twcTity-fivc  |rradnaii»d, 
and  generally  onfy  from  a  half  to  a  third 
of  those  first  appointed^  *'d<:>lf  the  Cadet 
to  don  the  Brevet'*  The  Surgeon's  ex- 
amination often  aignifies  ereiint  for  a 
doFjen  neophytes,  and  as  mwiy  more  ex- 
hibit such  idiosyncnicies  in  rea^lini^T  wri- 
ting, orthography  and  arithmetic,  that 
the  unsympathidng  Academic  Board 
quietly  remands  them  back  to  citizen^ 
ship.  Then  comes  the  January  ejEamina- 
tion^  when  the  algebraic  wrecks  are  con- 
signed, in  f€Arful  numbers,  to  the^  paren- 
tal underwritt'Ts,  So  too  in  June  and 
January,  even  to  the  last^  the  ill-bfillasledj 
the  weak-helmed,  the  mal-adapted.  are 
singled  out  from  among  their  stouter  (el- 
lows,  and  with  stem  justice  are  banished 
from  seas  too  rough  for  them.  The  mar- 
tial aspirant  should  consider  the*e  thinp 
before  becoming  a  Cadet,  and  remember- 
ing well  that  Gudetship  is  no  more  holi- 
day training,  no  refmed  peacockism.  but 
a  four  years  of  discipline  to  bcMiy.  mind 
and  heart,  severer  by  far  than  any  other 
educational  couTise  in  our  land  in  to  I  res. 
But  if  a  sentiment  of  vigori>us  manbooil, 
a  courage  patiently  to  endure  present 
trial  for  future  good,  and  above  all^  if 
an  orderly  seal  for  intotlectuat  culture  and 
hardihood  are  living  foets  in  his  nature^ 
then  I  know  not  how  elsB  a  youth  cao 
become  a>  much  a  man,  aa  by  a  West 
Point  e<lucation. 

I  cannot  but  feel  an  involuntary  pity 
for  tlie  new  cadet  who  is  just  landing  at 
the  old  wharf,  where  a  sentinel  i<^  in  wait- 
ing to  conduct  him  to  tho  Adjutant's 
oiHce,  there  to  record  his  entrance  im  ho 
knows  not  what — small  and  great  tribu- 
lations. The  poor  fellow. has  just  left  the 
endearments  of  home,  and  by  a  rapid 
transition  has  now  become  a  stranger 
among  the  mighty  hills.  But.  worst  of 
all.  instead  of  receiving  kindly  hospitality , 
he  becomesi  for  a  time  one  of  an  inferior 
csMite,  towards  whom  too  often  the  tinger 
of  deri^jion  is  pointod,  and  over  whom  the 
fourth  class  dnil^ma«ter  flonrLshes  with 
too  snobbish  zeal  his  new-born  authority. 
Onee.  too,  he  was  deemed  a  fair  $ul)ject 
fur  all  kinds  of  practical  jokes,  often  cj^rse 
and  witless  I  which  disgusting  hvathen- 
ism.  Heaven  be  praised  !  is  passin;^  mom 
and  more  under  ban,  and  in  now,  1  be- 
lieve, laudably  loathed  as  uugentlt:mauly 
by  the  cadets  themselves.  Then,  too^  to 
he  called  ''a conditional  thlng/^  "«  thing," 
isid  ^a  plebe"  in  slow  prom'»tii'n  ;  to  be 
crowded  Jive  in  a  rooui,  wi(h  \h^  Hoar 


4 


194 


W'w^  Point  and  Cadet  Uft. 


[Angr 


and  a  blanket  for  a  hcd ;  to  be  twice  or 
thrice  a  day  squad-drilled  in  "eyes  right" 
an«l  '•  left  face/'  in  "  forwanl  march."  and 
in  tho  intricjite  acliievcMnent  of  ''about 
face  ; "  to  1m;  drummed  uj),  anfl  drummed 
to  meals,  and  drummwl  to  bed.  all  with 
arithmetic  for  chief  diversion ;  this  is  in- 
deed a  severe  onleal  for  a  yoimg  man 
who  is  not  blessed  with  p<»od  nature  and 
pood  sense,  but  with  these  excellent  en- 
dowments it  soon  and  smoothly  glides  on 
into  a  harmless  memory. 

Folks  are  found  who  contend  that 
AVest  Point  is  a  hotlxMl  of  aristocracy, 
where  caste  ami  titles  rule.  It  would  bo 
plea.sant  to  exhibit  to  such  an  one  the  un- 
unifomietl  new  clitss.  jiresentinp  a  hne  of 
about  one  hundi-ed  younsr  men  of  all 
t3'])es,  at  least  in  exiernals.  Side  by  side 
are  seen  the  tlabby  Kentucky  jean  and 
the  substantial  Yankee  honicspun,  the 
ancient  lon&^-tailed  hi«:h-collare<i  coat  of 
the  farnier's  boy.  and  the  exquisite  lit  of 
the  fa.-ihionablc  New  York  tailor.  The 
hands  mure<l  to  work  danjrle  in  contact 
with  the  unsoileil  tinkers  of  a  riiplomatist's 
son.  or  of  the  jK»ttetl  scnon  of  an  F.  F.  V. 
After  the  examination  for  admis.<;ion,  all 
these  exti'F-nal  distinctitms  vanish,  and 
the  Ca<let  (Quartermaster  receives  in  store 
a  most  .siii;jular  as.«ortment  of  ejnicice. 
Jolly  Billy  Tooten  !  I  wonder  if  that  vivid 
green  coat  in  which  you  so  outshone  tho 
very  beetles,  still  exists  in  that  all-re- 
ceiving, naught-surrendering  receptacle ! 
From  some  chance  rumors,  I  much  fear 
that  times  have  since  been  when  poor 
Tooten  has  nce<lc<l  that  green  chr3'salis  of 
hisshort-live<i  plebeship.  for  very  warmth's 
sake. 

It  is  surely  the  fault  of  the  President 
and  M.  (.\s.  if  the  Cadet  appointments 
are  aristocratic;  and  examination  into 
the  antecwlents  of  several  classes  of  cadets 
have  actually  shown  the  rever.*^  to  be  the 
fact,  as  determined  by  the  circumstances 
and  oivupations  of  their  parents.  I  can 
conceive  nothing  more  truly  democratic 
than  the  total  obliteration  of  all  hereditary 
prestige  which  characterizes  the  academic 
administration,  and  the  social  opinion  in 
the  corps.  1  have  known  two  President's 
gramlson-;.  two  profesesoi'  (ieneral  Jack- 
son, several  sons  of  Si'cretarie.s.  and  other 
high  functionaries,  found  deficient  for  the 
simple  reason  that  they  were  deticient; 
and  I  have  known  heads  of  clas.ses  ex- 
alted ab  aratrOj  simply  for  their  superior 
merits.  Before  mo  lies  a  little  volume 
by  a  Vermont  farmer's  son.  who  success- 
fully competed  for  the  h^dship  of  his  class 
with  a  talented  son  of  Henry  Olay ;  and 
this  but  illustrates  the  real  course  of 


events  in  this  respect  The.hii|tory  of 
the  Academy  consi.stently  and  uniformly 
shows  that  class  stamHng  is  governed,  a& 
far  as  possible,  by  actual  .proficiency  and 
conduct  This,  I  conceive,  is  the  cardinal 
feature  of  all  decent  democracy;  and« 
nn)reover,  it  is  at  West  Point  only  thai 
this  simple  principle  can  rule  educational 
policy,  since  elsewhere  the  distinctions  of 
wealth  and  station  cannot  be  absolutely 
bani.shed  or  neutralized.  Thanks  to  their 
common  pay.  their  miiform.  their  com- 
mons, and  their  n^gulatcd  barracks, 
cadets  must  fare  es.'^entially  alike.  Their 
pay  was  originally  .^28  per  month,  but 
(feneral  McKay,  that  veteran  higgler  of 
AVays  and  Means,  succeeded  in  clipping 
$4  per  month  from  their  short  ooat- 
tiils.  with  the  natural  effect  of  loading 
graduates  with  debt,  if  th<^  have  not 
wealth  or  wealthy  relatives.  Thus  a  bine 
light  of  democracy  has  almost  made 
we;ilth  essential  to'  cadetship;  and  noir 
that  roast  beef  and  cadet's  gray  are  so 
uppish  in  their  tendencies.  I  see  not  how 
a  poor  \)oy  can  go  through  the  Academy, 
without  incurring  an  indebtedness  iu 
some  i)rivate  channel,  which  must  operate 
sadly  to  his  after  detriment  Cadet  pay 
ought  now  to  be,  at  the  very  least,  $35 
per  month,  to  maintain  that  broad  and 
mvaluable  equality  between  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  various  social  strata  whence 
cadets  are  derived. 

After  three  or  four  weeks  of  squad  drills, 
and  the  safe  passage  of  liis  candidate  ex- 
aminations, the  "  thing "  becomes  a  full 
fledged  ''plebe,"  and  assumes  the  Cadet 
uniform.  Happy  day  on  which  he  sheds 
the  motley  l)adges  of  his  rude  probation, 
and  when  the  last  black  coat  vanishes 
from  the  daily  marches  of  the  gray  bat- 
talion— that  "  liery  mass  of  living  valor, 
rolling  on  " — to  tea !  Cadet's  gray  is  a 
peculiar  fabric,  well  known  in  the  realms 
of  dry-gooiisery ;  and  its  color  is  such  a 
felicitous  average  of  all  the  besullying 
contingencies  of  real  life,  that  it  never 
shows  dirt,  even  when  threadbare.  Ex- 
cellent solution  of  a  mighty  problem! 
Long  may  it  remain  untouched  by  inno- 
vating zeal,  and  may  the  bell-buttoned 
brevity  of  the  Cad*et.s'  coat-tail  never 
cast  shorter  shadows!  The  calculus  of 
variations  has  of  late  l>een  freely  applied 
to  the  army  uniforms,  Proteus  acting  as 
tailor  general.  Hence  we  say,  with  feel- 
ing and  emphasis,  eslo  perpetua  of  Cadet's 
gray,  bell-«hapcd  buttons,  black  cord, 
white  drilling,  and  all.  But  alas  for 
headgear,  if  genius  hayo  no  better  inspira- 
tion in  reserve  I  For  full  dress,  the  Cadet 
first  wore  a  cumbrous  scale-decked,  bell- 


ir«l  Point  and  C^dtt  Lifi. 


105 


enmnc 

.  Um  fJro- 

hvitti 

tt.     For 

€t^pt. 

[■■|.  r^p, 

('Htiti  the 
3y  to  b- 

fHA  •- 

'— Titur 

iMllI 

.  'TIS 

ti  wtiii . 

. .  two 

silkiV  llAlblMMi 

lur  trns- 

1Bi»4  «1ikd)  iii  n 

III  wbjeh 

tmsnA   ikil    to   ^: 

to 

4  foe.     If 

w  U«fikM^  wad  ' 

I'l  (tiitjii  giMJcr- 

<WfB  BM^  be  lo  U  If  h*\9u1eil,  or  Im^* 
itrtor  Kcfitnn*  need  it  a  new  chapti^r. 
tfiiliiM '  uud 

1^  r^TTKi.  f\{  CmUgtM  osuafly  nuniWrg 
Aaml  '-  is  oriptikcKl  into  a  Imt* 

Hilim  '  iiifHuiM  ail  utlic^riHl  by 

Ghd^lK.  Uvi»r  Ui«a«  ut  thi«  Coitiiimiid&Dt 
<l  CmMjs  a  Itnc&l  &nny  caplain,  who  b 
te  knuMalmlc  miiituy  hoiul  of  this  bfti- 
yim  »  Alio  fotir  Ijh/la]  Artny  IttiuUmanUi 
the  four  wiup»uto!*,  as  A#- 
kl  loitriietctrt  of  TacUcb.  Ttie  CtAkt 
fr^  cUm  fiiraiAhftA  tho  miui&ite  Cadet 
fifilMina  and  lieuu*tiatits;  the  second  daai, 
Ike  tmsanU;  and  ihn  tliird  daa%  ibe 
anora&i  whiJ^i  ail  otbrr  imtleta  (four 
•mt  oAoBTK  ex(Vf>tc«i '  ■'  Mniincrimi- 
mtiitif  a«  {wriTAif^.    >  art.*  eou* 

diid«d  bj  Ibartii  tir  >  '  CadeU^ 

Mpratljr  Uia  oorpart  uy  dnitd, 

bf   ikii    AiiAftLuii    iliMi  ,   Tai^tKii; 

m  hMitaliua  UnlU,  by  the  Commnndant 
■C  CaiMfiy  c»r  an  a-  L^tatit  Iti  ordinary 
nft^ai^U.  in  tf>  moalH,  &.c.,  lli« 

Qidiia4B^f  ilf^vm.      Thm  orga- 

tjiitimi  tir>  ;  instrtic- 

fkan,    ai^l  <jf  cani|> 

ifid  Iri  :i*jry  m- 

ibniet^  and  for 

iraif ■  rii i j  ut^uniuc^u.  i^pc^ri&j  nrraii^oenta 
tfe  iirdmd,  on  ib«  bicia  of  cIiim  and 
ciaw  rank. 

Iliilv^m  tbi3   S')!!!  aiid  25th  of  June 

itei  ben^  pttdiad  on  i  of 

1^  filaift'    Tlia  aaatii  h  I  ad^ 

li«r  llni  ctaw  barinf^  ^tu  aid 

I^ff4  dii<  Uatig  ti^it-*  on   ;  Jirid 

iM  llie  elaMRi  being  did v  pruui^juii  then 
<nnn  ffif  fittfftr.      *>rn"T>  tt/v  pubhslied 

1^.  I,  ¥aj:atinK  all 

lliii  u^iiJuJL'nKULLi;  nkLLlt  urikniprurokc 


fliich  ft  s;  '  uibles^  buckeis,  chuira, 

trmiks,  1^  ^U\t  to  i\w  now  viM::itjt 

nocitiitiuii  !  iju^,  ihat  a  firm  of  Mny  m 
OutJi  i!i,  I-;  .  .uiparattvely  tame,  jn  Con- 
grt.vHh>util  pinna*?,  the  '^  wasp-w»iMt'd 
^aiiipyif^*,*'  in  txunnntu^  of  caryatjdt.a. 
crown  ihviT  head*;  with  tiibles,  antl,  si(j;h- 
lag  ftjr  urmtLuiiiabk*  wbf*?!  bjirmw-s,  work 
on  with  sudi  vj^ir  i(kit  in  iwo  nr  thjic« 
hours  the  ban  >u  U-hI- 

stvaxig^  ftud  a-   '  .  on  tbi 

gun-rack  ii,     Belbre   brfukUist,   thts   camp 

impound  id  latiJ  oiit^  and  the  t«ii(^  i^n^ctei, 
>y  the  qtik^kened  diligence  of  thmr  ftitur« 
ooinpant^  At  the  indicahH]  hour  Uio 
algtiat  soondii.  the  oompaiiiea  afv  formed 
and  tnarcbc-d  into  tm  pmmdw  ground, 
when  the  batlalioxL  with  Ihu  band  play- 
ing and  colors  iinwled,  marches  to  its 
istiw  home. 

The    encampPMot    consists    of   dgfit 

rowsof  teut&  two  to  ear^ ^'^vopLin- 

ing  on  four  ^tjtDCls,  or  v..  < niJuU ; 

and  a  broad  afetm??  ronb :,    „.:  ecaira 

of  t  hii  caiup.  'rht«  t^'nU  of  the  oompauy 
ofili>urj%,  and  of  the  hu^tructoni  of  TactScSr 
ait!  pil*!hed  opfKiuite  th«ir  rc^jieotive  Cijui* 
pani<?.s,  ind  Uxq  Comiaanilant^H  ntarqu^o 
h  placed  conlrally  down  the  broad  avenue. 
The  guard  tents^  llirc*  or  four  in  nombert 
we  at  tho  opjiosilij  eod  uf  iby  camp*  A 
chuia  of  six  or  ci|:ht  sentint^lsi  fiuminn'k 
tht  camp  ground  day  aiid  ni^^bu  Urn 
guild  coD£iat0  of  throu  reliefs,  which  walk 
post  in  turn,  Uirou^b  tbo  tYrt^nty-four 
hour«u  for  which  each  guanl  in  delailefl. 
Thi^  detail  is  drawn  as  ctjiiitably  us  pon- 
mhW  troin  ilns  four  companies,  and  guard 
duly  ivcurii  once  tii  froni  ibn^c  to  fife 
day  A,  nmkiiij^  it  real  I  y  quit«  biird  work 
for  thoM;  not  inurofi  to  it.  1'hat  direful 
sound  of  the  oorpond,  pounding  on  the 
tctil  lloora  with  tlic  butt  of  his  tnusket 
and  bawliny:,  "Turn  out^  ^ecuml  reiiaft^' 
tears  mnitt  irightful  renUi  in  tbt»  blasMd 
garment  of  sIlh?p,  which  st^ltleji  down  so 
Kvutly  on  th*?  p<Jor  weary  plebi?^  while  ha 
dn.>ame(  of  h«>nie  ind  mol!«er.  On  waking 
to  tho  hard  r^nJity^  hi*  rubM  hta  trei| 
snatch^a  hix  mindLet^  adjuAta  h»  cartrijga- 
boac,  and  quietly  takea  his  |ilaca  among 
the  elgbi  m«rt)'n$. 

Whoi  thu  n^hof  \st  didy  luar^itllad,  il 
k  marcbfd  bv  i'-  -  ..fi->^ .»  .. ...1^-1  th.  u^^ 

of   pOJKlS^    Cll*'L  IjO 

lougwi*for  Lli*i<_ _.,  _L  : Uo 

cutuoM  Ibttrv  P'  UK  though  he  thought 
thi;ni  U^tm  mannoA  at  h^Mt  TbsOQr* 
poral  rcsipondw,  "  friend^  with  the  tHJuntcr* 
8tgn,"  whltdi  cabal Ntsf  wrif!  *>fin;r  d«?- 
inandwi,  ibv  our|  w  ^rrt '  tit 

it  ov&r    ttm    imui  '  \ 

wbcreuiMiii,  htt  lO  tiai:a  \\x  v 


196 


West  Point  and  Cadet  Life, 


[Aug. 


o«ti»cm.  that  the  latter  quietly  yields  his 
P"^t.  und  Tails  in  at  the  rear  of  the  relief. 
'liiis  rouinl  completed,  the  eijrht  i)atriot3 
-ctk  the  solace  of  the  tent  Moor,  stoutly 
hopinjr  th;it  the  otficer  inchai«;e  will  keep 
his  rlistarrc,  and  not  require  a  turn-out  of 
the  iiuard  for  moonlight  insiwction.  Walk- 
in  i,  post  promotes  meditation.  To  pace  No. 
5  on  a  bright  moonhght  night,  when 
shallows  mottle  the  di>tant  mountain 
slojK's,  and  seem  to  sleep  undercover  of  the 
crumbling  ruins  of  old  Fort  Clinton, 
when  steamboats  arc  rippling  the  glowing 
waters  of  the  placid  Hudson  below,  and 
kK:omotives  are  dashmg  wildly  along  the 
mil  road  across  the  river,  when  the  white 
t*;nts  glow  softly,  and  the  quiet  stars 
Arna  tiumblingly;  there  is  m  all  this 
en«iugh  to  stir  whatever  of  tender  mo- 
ui«)rics.  high  pur])osfS.  ambitious  longings, 
and  rellntd  sensibilities,  may  dwell  in  the 
Sv-ntinel's  deepist  nature.  Or  when  a 
sultry  day  hius  n>unded  to  a  close,  and  the 
>torm  spint  has  pile<l  up  his  black  cloud 
fleeces  m  the  Highland  gorge,  and  on  the 
eix'st  of  Crow's  Nest,  when  the  rush  of 
ballj^  comes,  and  the  glowing  lightning 
ftLlully  reveals  the  snowy  tents,  wildly 
li.il'ping  in  the  rushing  blast,  as  if  terror- 
sLi  lekun  at  the  deep  rolling  thunders,  and 
tlie  quick  alternations  of  vivid  light  and 
Solid  darkness ;  scarce  can  soul  of  sentry 
be  so  deatl,  as  not  tlien  to  be  moved  and 
awed  before  sublimity  so  transcendent. 
To  be  roused  by  such  storms  from  sleep 
under  a  tent ;  to  see  the  very  threads  of 
cjinvas  Hash  into  view,  when  the  burning 
lightnings  leap  through  the  air  above; 
a: id  to  fancy  the  electric  arrow  speeding 
to  the  bayonet  points  of  the  muskets 
standing  at  his  head ;  this  is  among  the 
cadet's  magnificent  experiences,  and  quite 
compc-nsates  for  a  wet  blanket,  or  a 
deluged  locker. 

During  the  encampment,  there  are  two 
daily  parades,  one  at  8  a.  m..  and  one  at 
sunset,  when  the  corps  is  drawn  up  in 
line,  and  the  band  challenges  the  voia*s  of 
thf  hills.  Besides  this,  there  are  three 
diills  of  an  hour  to  an  hour  and  a  half 
long,  one  being  before  breakfast,  one  in  the 
f.)i-enoon.  and  one  in  the  allenioou.  Some 
of  the  classes  are  practised  in  the  artillery 
manual;  some  in  riding  and  fencing; 
and  the  first  class  bcjiins  artillery,  reci- 
tations, digests,  pyrotechny.  both  theo- 
retical and  practical,  and  fires  heavy  guns 
and  mortars.  To  ride  around  a  ring  an 
hour  and  a  quarter  before  breakfast,  with 
stirrups  crossed,  and  on  a  hard-trotting 
horse,  gives,  in  my  judgment,  a  clearer  in- 
sight into  purgatorial  mysteries,  than  can 
be  derived  from  all  the  creeds  and  cate- 


chisms. Our  riding-master  was  so  far  a 
hom(jeopathist,  that  if  ring-riding  chafed 
us  raw.  he  kei)t  us  ring-riding  till  all  was 
well  again.  Perhaps  he  took  his  idea 
from  the  scratched  eyes  in  Mother  Goose's 
epic. 

To  the  late  Joel  R.  Poinsett  is,  in  great 
part,  duo  the  honor  of  pi'ocuring  horses  at 
the  Military  Academy  for  instruction  in 
riding,  light  artillery,  and  cavalry  prac- 
tice. When,  at  Palo  Alto,  Duncan  so 
splendidly  illustrate*!  the  power  of  train- 
ing anil  skill  in  giving  effect  to  this  arm, 
he  unconsciously  asserted  a  claim  on  our 
national  gratitmle  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Poin- 
sett. This  statesman  apjjreciated,  as 
Secretaries  of  War  are  not  wont  to  do, 
what  were  the  real  defects  and  wants  of 
our  service  ;  and  his  wide  observation  and 
knowledge  of  foreign  services,  enabled  him 
to  know  and  apply  the  legitimate  reme- 
dies. The  value  of  the  West  Point  in- 
struction in  equitation  and  light  artilleiy, 
has  already  bwu  exhibited  on  many  fields, 
where  it  -'saved  the  day."  Surely  no 
head  with  brains  in  it,  can  fail  to  see  that 
the  good  management  of  a  light  battery 
requires  great  skill,  and  long  training; 
nor  can  its  great  efficacy  then  be  reason- 
ably questioned.  So  it  is  with  most 
branches  of  military  service,  that  requires 
special  knowledge  and  training;  and  in 
war,  moreover,  the  mevitablo  result  of 
deficient  skill,  is  downright  bungling, 
and  the  useless  waste  of  x  human  livea 
Hence,  we  say,  thanks  to  Mr.  Poinsett^ 
and  to  any  other  who,  like  him,  eflectively 
fosters  military  skill,  and  takes  care  not 
only  to  know  the  old  order  of  things,  but 
to  foreknow  and  pre-form  the  oncoming 
future. 

In  a  military  sense,  the  cadet  is  a 
warrant  ollicer  of  the  army,  occupying  a 
sjwcial  grade  from  which,  on  graduating, 
he  Ls  promoted  to  that  of  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  just  as  a  heutenant  is  promoted 
to  be  ca[)t:un.  He  is  under  the  rules  and 
articles  of  war,  and  in  several  instances.  . 
ca<lets  have  Ijeen  assigned  to  active  field 
duty  in  their  grade.  His  education  involves 
a  contract  obligation  to  serve  in  the  army 
four  years  after  graduating ;  and  in  fact, 
he  remains  during  life  continuously  in 
service,  unless  dismissed,  or  until  he  re- 
Bign.s.  and  his  resignation  is  duly  accepted 
at  the  War  Department,  The  result  is, 
a  body  of  highly  educated  military  officers, 
and  the  preservation  of  military  science  in 
our  midst.  NapoltK)n  called  the  Poly- 
technic Institution,  *'  the  hen  that  laid  him 
golden  eggs;"  our  Military  Academy, 
both  in  peace  and  war.  has  given  many 
golden  eggs  to  the  country.     Without  i^ 


ISAI] 


Wui  Pmni  and  Cadet  Lifi. 


107 


cmxls  mad  plus  ftre  loos^^d,  and  the  kut 
gathered  mto  the  terjt  ixjIob,  which  bn? 
boifittd  out  and  Sio  atLmiied,  thsiL  at  rhe 
third  tap.  all  the  tonts  instautiy  go  tlo^n 
in  coiict^ri,  and  woe  to  any  "  uniurk  v^  Jo«" 
who  fails  to  conipktc  the  proKtintiorj  al 
the  moment  The  tents  are  fMv4  and 
piled;  the  compftnitfs  are  lbrnit»d.  and 
taking  thdr  stacked  anns,  art  iiiurchi>d  U> 
the  parade  ;  thecoininanikDt  then  inarchiJS 
the  hattdiciQ  back  to  the  barmck  parade^ 
and  the  encampmetit  is  no  more. 

Turning  now  from  these  alight  sketchet 
of  the  caiiet*s  military  Itf*;,  ht  iis  dwell 
somewhat  oii  hb  academic  ar  student  lire, 

The  cadet  course  of  studies  is  of  four 
years*  duration,  and  four  classes  compose 
the  corjts;  the  finst  class  being  the  one 
highest  in  rank,  while  the  new  cudets  eom- 
pose  the  fourth  claag.  £ach  cliis.»  is 
divided  into  oonTenient  sections  of  from 
twelve  to  twenty  J  for  initruction  in  cich 
of  ilM  special  branches  of  study,  the  first 
cadet  ou  eaeh  sioction  mU  beiu-^  itn  S()uad 
marcher,  and  beinji^  huld  rL'spotisible  for 
ita  attendance  and  depi^rtmeTa.  The  i\*- 
dtatton  hours  are  wjundod  by  a  l>ugle, 
when  the  sections  for  the  hour  nn'  f  >rmcd 
at  the  ban-i*cka,  their  roJlsare  LullL-d.and 
tbcy  are  marched  to  the  ^^t^drTnic  Hall 
by  ihcir  so  vera)  heads  orapiHii  nmrchtra. 
The  laeftiou  instructor  is  thert-  in  wui  ting 
("^r  rwitatjou*  and  on  r(>C4nrtng  thci  r^i|uad- 
marcher* p^  rt^j^iort  of  attend uti  ^  :ii1^ 
tbrc?*  or  more  cadet*  to  the  •  3, 

tu  di8CU!N<^  tbt'  prt^pumtions  lu  .,.,.►.,., 
to  eat^h,  tor  which  por|>0!se  they  jish-i  .| 
to  place  their  diagrams  or  al^rbriLiL 
aniily.>9is  on  the  board.  Another  Jsi  called 
up  and  qut'Mtiotied  on  the  iessoUj  until  one 
of  ihohif  at  the  bojird  hi  ready,  who.  on 
being  called^  first  enunciates  the  proposi- 
tion to  h?  diiscuf^'d^  then  gives  a  con- 
dt^^riMud  anal  y HI R  of  the  demon^itration  or 
<liw  t .  .1  then  gives  the  fuO  demon^ 

hXth-  ^ton^  del  1  neatiou ,  or  descr i|> 

lion^  «i[[i  ssmtjt  reft*n?nec  to  h\A  analyais 
or  rhiii^TaTii^.     LiiKt  of  all  he  rcjvchcg  his 
•■''A  then  hi^  invtruntor 
him  on  >iuch  jitkiiIs  as 
mitted^  and  Oh  Mibjt>ctA 
th    that    difjcus-sed,      Tlie 
method  of  rwitation    in  nioral  4<cleno», 
law^  Ac.f   where    bbekhKiardj^    are    not 
u><ed^  h  clo}<ely  analogtm**  to  thr  rahnxp. 

It    ^ilt    W   »ii<en.    that  thr  n 

fiyiitciii  |>roceedji  f»ii  the  hypoth<  .      m' 

t^det  under»i:iT)ils  his  Icjijion  ht:^^icluitid 
i'he  Jtjfltrucror'n  fimriioii*  jlti*  niLli»'r  to 
mnke  utire  of  tht'  radit'  sul 

irctirate  knowle^lf^e,  tj> 
oit^oci^  and  to  amplify  w  vn  '  ^^\i.»ms^ 
|Hi«rtcMrswD;»t  Ummeomlf  tlw  conmr     than  dlivctljr  to  U^cb  Wvm  €lvi^  %\i\i^<.tf^ 


BT  irouH  hav*  become  mtiother 
I  iMBivlki,  whcrt  a  depravcti  eM- 

\  vaMf  aad  would,  ipiartcr  iu  im- 
Kfteogvi-A  and  plac«^begging 
t  BikttJ  It  would  bocorne  an  unt<n* 
ilcDdi  in    the  national   nostrilsi 
r  kid  pfttnomagi}  m  far  debasefJ  our 
Bt,  aaio  L'ri«>vi'  hTI  lHMtL->it  iiitriot* 
and  ircrc  ''  wy,  and 

iiriiiii  torn.  U>  aistoin* 

hm9»  MM  pi»^  a   prt8  of  a 

Imm  aifffnoftn  aI   prver^ion 

M  fmtj  warfia,  Uuuj>  liir  better,  were 
Hfttncis  l4>  dihhand  them  all  and  \pnv& 
hmikmmtgta<:$m\&\m  ci'  !  as 

Sooold.     Skill  txmld  in 

UDorpbcpas  i|egTvgit£^ ;  w  i  l  ]  l  c  ^  >o :  I  tical 
voi^  SdSbie  itself  lK>m  them 
tb^  whole   *-^'    -    ^tic     Such  a 
nai)t» littiiferto  c'  '   ua  hope  will 

MiIIk  rvftllxsd ;  L^.  : kt  ua  trust, 

Hat  aMfl  Utt  Ul«fl«»d  day  when  wara  shall 
tmm,  tkiQ  and  oducatAOn  may  continue 
to  W   dami^cTtatica  of  out-  army  and 

AbMif  tli9  28th  of  Ailgust  the  encamp- 
mmH  b  wiij:it  to  bo  broktn  up^  and  the 
tmf$  jmiKTtm  to  bAiracka.  An  illumina- 
felM  «f  tJai  camp  usually  takes  plaeie  on  the 
It  i»  broken  up,  and  the 
p  <if  the  *"  stag  dittw*'  are  ex- 
tbe  parade  ifrouiid^  with  a 
fita«ty  outdoing  an   Indian 


Tkuyi  ctir 


In^lwt'en 

ly'tfquent 

.  .  .iinp,      li 

raotc    eailetji, 

I  andles  etuck 

j:  thtfir  move- 

1  ratUc  of  a 

[■•udemrjulpm^ 

In  thf  Mt*n  time,  Hiu  prac- 

j    leave    U'lut 

nt.  And  miike 


tof  tLtarvi-H-f  iii 
iMtt  Ikb  Qfl^Sv  liii 

flWtho* 


Tbt  uoevnf  pfi 
ni  lh»  lentu 

4 tie.     In   ihr  ' 


Q.  K.  1*.  f 

proi'L'ed<; 

he  hm  feiJ: 
eonitectad 


Iff  t^t 


Tty    of  the  cadetn 

T'^r.  kl^f*.).  1=:  rarried 
ihe 

a  hour, 
Lo  their 

the 

air     '_it>\      irni-^'^    fl(l,'J    LUO 


196 


WvMt  Pmni  atid  Catitt  Ufk. 


[Aug, 


mfttter  of  the  lesaon.  He  mlso  enfiiroei 
that  orderly  und  lucid  exposition  and  ar- 
[  rangemenL  which  make  knowledge  Sjrs- 
tenaalic,  connected,  Jind  commnnieable  in 
the  learner's  mind.  lU  requires  a©- 
cum^cy  of  liingniw^e,  no*!  the  observance  of 
certain  recitatioQ  forms,  aad  of  section- 
room  decomm,  matters  far  more  impor* 
tant  tn  educ«.tbo^  than  they  are  usuaHy 
OOnceiTed.  Three  sides  of  Ihe  section 
rooms  *re  black  boarded,  or  rather  the  hard 
finished  pi  Altering  is  painted  blmik,  for  a 
breadth  of  some  fire  feet,  and  a  trough  for 
chalkj  spon]^es.  scales,  ind  pointini?  rods, 
runs  alon^  the  bottom  of  this  blackboard. 
Each  cadet  writes  bis  name  over  his 
work  and  when  called  upon  to  recita 
assumes  ^Uhe  position  of  the  soldier," 
until  he  wishes  to  refer  to  his  work  on  th« 
boardj  when  he  does  io  with  a  pointer- 
It  is  a  matter  worth  some  trouble  and  ex- 
ertion, to  ensure  a  becoming  persoo&l 
deportment  and  style  in  recitation^  and  to 
BUppresa  the  vague,  nerrous  gyratiotiSj 
rockiitgs  and  fumblingSj  which  too  often 
deform  the  manners  of  undisciplined 
students* 

The  instructor  marks  each  recitation 
according  to  his  estimate  of  its  quality  ils 
referred  to  a  scale  of  valuation  ranging 
from  threOj  the  maximum,  for  perfect,  to 
zero,  the  ininimuroy  for  a  total  failure. 
Experienoo  gives  great  accuracy  tn  tlie 
use  of  this  scale,  and  probably  two  expe- 
rienoed  teachers,  recording  mdependently^ 
would  in  most  itistanoes  agree  within  a 
quarter  or  a  half.  At  the  end  of  eiit^h 
week  these  marks  are  aggregatc^d^  and  on 
Monday,  after  dinner,  the  cadets^  esp^ially 
the  doubtful  **  plebei?,'*  crowd  the  hall  of 
the  adjntimt^s  office^  where  the  weekly 
class  reports  are  postetl,  eager  to  see  the 
ofBcial  estimate  of  their  doings  during  the 
last  week,  Uappy  the  successful,  as- 
piring geuiuSj  who  sees  in  a  ^Mnax  for 
the  week,"  a  cheering  asfrurance  that  he 
will  be  "  amongst  the  five,"  or  posfiibly  at 
the  head  of  his  class ;  and  wretched  the 
poor  weakling  who  sce^^  a  bng  line  of 
BfmiQetricat  scroj^  proclaiming  ore  rotun- 
Jsy  that  he  is  clean  doft,  and,  beyond  per- 
ad venture,  "homeward  bound.'*  The  re* 
citation  marks  for  the  wliolti  course  aro 
aggregated  at  the  Janiurf  and  Jmie  ex- 
aminations^ and  are  mainty  decisive  of  each 
cadet's  numerical  standing  tn  tlmt  coursLS 
The  custom  of  frequent  and  thorough  t^ 
views  prevails ;  each  individuars  success 
on  the  final  or  general  review  being  criii- 
rally  observed  and  considertyi  in  makmg 
uiit  the  tiUndjiig,  as  greiil«.'r  weight  justly 
alUu^hits  to  the  Unal  nnd  iHTmuncut  eon- 
f/ncfii  ufm  Cf>nr%e  ihun  to  (lie  earlier  rt^:i- 


oltidJiL 


tations,  Th«  flnal  examinatioQ  also  hit 
some  effect.  By  combining  all  theae  «1^ 
ments  a  definite  order  of  standii^  is  oiadt 
out  in  each  branchy  and  a  general  Atanding 
is  deduced  after  each  examinatiai^  from 
the  combined  gpeckl  sUndinga^  inolti  " 
standing  in  conduct  The  gridn 
standing  is  deduced  by  eountuig  all  ^ 
standings  of  the  several  courses,  eadl 
oourao  entering  with  an  estabHslied 
weighL  Mathematics,  philosophy,  engi- 
neering and  conduct  count  tlireo  huad^ 
each,  as  a  maiimum;  while  chemistry, 
ethics,  ^.,  oonnt  from  two  hundrt^d  to 
one  hundred  each,  aa  a  maxtoiam.  The 
aggregate  numbers  from  the  special  stand-* 
iiigs  of  each  cadet  of  a  clasa  arranged  in 
descending  order^  give  their  dais  sttuidii^iL 

Reoommendationa  for  the  several  army 
corps  and  arms  are  governed  by  the  order 
of  graduating  standing  and  ahsct  the  priori- 
ty of  army  commissions  of  the  same  date. 
For  the  corps  of  engineerSj  only  the  high' 
est  graduates  are  recommended,  and 
frequently  too.  none  are  so  recommends 
ed;  the  order  of  reoommcndationiS  it 
thns :  Corps  of  engineers^  corps  of  topo- 
graphical engineers,  ordnanoe  oorp^  ar- 
tillery^ infantry  J  dragoons  and  mounted 
ritles^  As  a  csonsequence  of  this  acar 
demic  system,  and  becanss  these  reoom- 
en  Nations  are  uniformly  acted  on,  eacb 
cadet  is  the  keeper  of  his  own  de^tinie% 
so  far  as  his  capaci^  makes  success  i 
ticable :  tlms  he  k  most  efiectively  stin 
lat^i  to  diligence  and  good  conducrt, 
well  by  his  hope  of  higher  army  rank  and 
of  a  choice  of  corps,  as  by  his  strictly  in- 
tellectual atnbition  and  personal  character* 
Some  cadets  regard  tho  academic  course 
as  a  crial  to  be  end  urfd  for  the  purpose  of 
gaining  a  commission,,  while  others  more 
jiiKtTy  regard  army  life  as  an  obligation 
to  be  redeemed  in  payment  for  their  acar 
demic  education* 

The  element  of  conduct  which  enters 
with  such  effective  weight  in  the  gen 
standing  of  cadets^  is  chie%  a  reiulft  of  | 
numerous  milii^Tj and  police  regulat! 
AK  petty  offencc£i  and  delinquencies,  \ 
as  latt*  at  roll  call,  rusty  belt  plate,  j 
not  blacked  inattention  at  drill,  room  not 
swept  at  a  sUited  hour,  using  tobsooo^ 
neglect  of  duty  or  of  study.'  and  nnmy 
others  of  like  quality,  are  all  n.'f>ort«d,  at 
lisast  in  the<jry,  anti  if  no  sufficient  excuse 
\%  rendeiefl,  a  ^xprUnn  number  of  demerii 
from  one  to  eight  is  given  for  each,  Stand- 
ing in  conduct  rep;uita  inverAoh  fronj  tho 
total  de  mint,  and  lh«j  prr    '  '  u-t 

s  iMid  in  g   in  V  li  I  vfK  a  I  ]    i  -  he 

four  years*     A  cadet  i^   ,j,hip,>/*?vm  whta 
he  reoiivfii  over  two  hundred  dement  m  a 


ititri^H 

icLIP 


enters 
atlci^H 


|«ir  lad  Bonthljr  nfwrU  of  ^tmnding  tmd 
mndmei  are  imikrl/  Mmi  to  the  {>Arcnt8 
ejIvirtlliAtoftvli  oid«i  Tbese  drctim- 
( pwm  m  much  iiQpotUtif»i  to  or- 
aoodiicC  mil  tJw  tfoidftiMS  of  de- 
•«  to  matkr  biirlil /  dfectivA  th^ 
§ti^pmMxj  iTft«tn  lb  us  E^u/uimmK  thaa^h 
ft  b  ttcii  wttiioiii  fwrioug  <tbjt«f:ttuu»  and 
MtMUim^  cwjieaUitjr  in  foe  tile  ot  mtiim* 
<l  bttldtf^  Tm  ttwiMiimty  reciting  on  cideta 
of  ffC|iiirlixt|^  tbeij-  fclknrft,  tiid  crini  their 
ioaMo«lc%  U  ofba  highly  dJ8tfr«0«bk, 
aid  ^rxfdmsm  %i  lEmva  violent  rutchings 
^  aattaeiamja  aud  of  frK5Ddshi|i  1^  i*i, 
lavavflTf  hjr  -  f  '  y«)>t5aril,  ami  worn 
iBiiljr aelad  irtAinlv  r»r  U-tt«r 

Imi    mr  fr..  .r,; mw   known,   the 

IVJT  llUiOf  fktih  and  firttii^  beton^ng 
l»i^  vamXlf  raiuliing  in  much  eudunug 

na  cwam  of  miUiGiiiaLJes   extendi 
cKk  fotmh  afid  liuftl  dass  yetu^ 
thoroufhly  Uught     It  em- 


» 


wiBaB  paamatfj,  trigotiometryf  algehra, 
iMBf>|iti^  gmoiKiy,  iliailtta  and  ahiid* 
iivi^  pmwpme$ir^t  anaiytit^at  IC«oni«trTt  t^^" 
ftnmial  and  intc^rnl  cftlcuiiu)  and  aoi^ 
tctte,  T)m  te^i-bcMkts  iiMed  aro  thorn 
mmi  t)%^k%  exwpt  ibtj  uwlyttoal  ga- 
'  awl  oalciihii*  of  Pnif  '  '  -  '  his 
aa   Pmfi>Hsii>r  <»f  k.^ 

I  kj  mn  ami  J  affleiM  .  for 

i  d«tY,  Frot  Chiiit:h  i  ng 

jmny  qoou  t-owRril«  .,.,,, _^  tbts 
;  lack  of  ifiatheitiafM'Al  tnUmng  ainonr 
la^  A  bailer  tfi^hcr  in  evi^rj  souse  oouJd 
mmmty  be  (mmd^  than  thti  tiTacbna,  In- 
aii^  fftSin»t  and  t*<^rwfTering  rxpoundar  of 
like  aeMiea  of  ^naiaity.  He  k  unsur- 
plMed  m  ibo  baf*py  ffif*fiky  of  cU'i&r ly 
CTMiilliirafiiH^  k  i  <i\d  of  furirt' 

iPK  MI  Um  exact  i  iTimUy  m  the 

tmd  I  of 

i  ifwt ;  ihe 

^  La  irtmugr    .1111    i^n.    mlum'j  tO 

tSft  and  Ia  VerrieTj  ha* 
1  tliat  cnathcfnatical  siipeftority 
peonliarljr  remark abli^  in  the 
had  «f  fHtoUHoa  and  fi  kTi  in  n  s  TK  ri  t  s vh* 
trt^wbkli  akioa  h  at 

Wot  Point  bam  Ibum  itc 

I  pra-eaiiiBeQoi»*    '  ■  >in- 

al  TOrth'vfn  ami  i  ■'itja 

.  reform  Mtill 
ltd  one  which 
iri'l   bwti  car- 

int  trcro 
.  .liy  F.  K, 


aalvi^K,  ii   .4 


Umi  aad  fnHSitalaa, 
«fc  i^lusheiitatt- 
MSnad  bj  (^*, 
ef  angmoara,  firom  . 


Alden  Partndjre,  in  1813 ;  by  Andrew 
filljciitt^  trom  1813  to  1820;  by  Mai.  IX 
B.  Douglass  from  IS2«)  to  182:* ;  by  Pnif. 
Charles  DaTic^  from  1825  to  18347  and 
ainoe  then  by  Prof,  Albert  E.  Chnrck 

Thecofirse  regtitarlr  snceecKiftig  matbe^ 
miitics,  in  order,  is  tnat  of  natural  and 
exfMTifneniftl  phiiowpby,  wliich  rmm 
tbrou)^h  tbfi  iw^cond  rlasM  or  third  yciir  ttf 
cadetshifk.  It  embraces  njw^hantfw.  op- 
tion, aooustios.  magnetism^  and  «Htronofny, 
Professor  BartU^Vs  Mii^banios,  Optio*, 
and  Aronstirji,  GiimTnerp^s  Awtmnt^itiyj 
Rnrl  Bavis^s  Magnetism  bt'ini^  n^d  aa 
lejtt  books.  Matbemftiic?*  an?  !>tjMstantly 
applied  to  the  p^at  physical  problem;^  of 
this  course,  and  arc  tnade  tbti  fiiniiliar 
tooU  for  thi?rr  discus^iDn  and  Rtlntion.  la 
aouEid  m«cbanical  bstroction,  we  aro 
sadly  defidient,  a»  a  nation,  and  on  thia 
department  of  the  Military  Academy  baa 
hitherto  rested  a  targ^  feaponsibility  fn 
laboriiig  to  meet  thia  need  Otir  kw  good 
piby Iliad  uiTeiBtigators  owe  much  to  thia 
oOtirse,  yet  fkt  too  few  ar«  tho«e  who 
oome  forth  from  iU  influence  both  fur- 
nifibed  and  eager  for  the  high  pursuits  of 
pbiloiophy.  The  living  Boui  and  spirit 
of  philosophy^  Ihe  profound  conscioyaneai 
that  grandeur  and  noble  d^gns  lie  ein- 
bodie<i  in  material  nature,  the  glowing 
spiritual  torch  which  tinea  the  train  of 
philosophic  re^'ATx^h,  and  aniroatOi  all 
vigorouzi  iiide|ieudent  clfort8  more  deeply 
to  fathom  Natuna'i  Htorchousc^ ;  all  tW 
we  fear  is  crn&lied  out  by  the  rigora  of 
routine  mstrncttoin  and  of  mathii'iiiaticil 
prt«etfiioii.  Tt>  une  mathetnatio  as  toi^la^ 
Vfithoitt  becoming  slav<m  to  th«ir  ainitiyn- 
tieSj  to  1^11  the  lionl  itself  with  thi'  pdetjo 
glories  and  ituJiiirationR  of  eternal  nature, 
to  gather  in  all  treaaurea  of  knowledffis, 
a§    I  of  further  p^'  '  a 

iji  i>  mind  for  prosii  i- 

ral  piiuv^^j|!:n  of  Uie  highest  t)  i-t.  v.  lu^o 
the  rigoraof  mathematical  analyBm  should 
not  be  aljatod,  an  acecsi  of  more  gun  id 
faith  and  hope  in  nature^  m  th«  vawt  »alj- 
gtanlial  entity,  ought  to  \m  i  iihiv;itiMl, 
&nd  ttith  it  that  gi^uuine  en:  if 

rci4etirt"h  which  is  it«  legitimn-  ^       .r, 

Tho  Mditary  Acwkmy  can  and  oyghi  to 
oontnbut4<  more  than  it  vi?t  bt^«hme  Xi>  tliia 
kiiwlly  (bnU*rihg  and  glowing  |iur?iijit  of 
gpeneral  nauirai  philoauphy :  let  it  give  us 
movt^  B^iilit'^  Norl^tOitf  Mitcbclfi^  and 
ilviloyst.  l*rt»ffHaor  Bart|(>tt,  who  now 
til  lis  U*e  ProfrHWjrhbtp  of  Pinlo*iA>(.by^  **  a 
man  uf  hijjh  ttttainment*.  lb'  bn* 
mtrtir  '^■'  -"■  p<?d  tlMi  great  iualh»'n*jini'jil 
tn^1!  F    resetf^  and   tin*  ^ttiud 

fouu :.»....  prtnespta  ot  iiv^^WuL^ioaX 
aaenaa.      In   pract:)^  aalrui^^iuv^   W  m 


202 


West  Point  and  Cadet  Life, 


[Aug. 


al«o  eive  academic  instruction  in  Scott's 
Infantry  Tactics  to  tlie  first  class.  Shonid 
the  OMirso  be  ext<'nfiefl.  they  niifrht  with 
jrrcat  advantajLre  pive  lossons  in  military 
law.  a  hmnoli  now  wliolly  nejrloctod ;  or 
thoir  suhjwt  nii«:ht  enter  the  ethical  law 
course. 

The  dcivirtmcntof  Artillery  and  Cavalry 
einbra«'es  instruction  in  li;:ht  and  heavy 
artillery  practice  and  tactics,  in  cavalry 
tactics,  in  ridinjr,  broa<lswonJ  and  fencing: 
exercises,  and  its  duties  are  distributed 
throuLrh  the  entire  four  years.  The  aca- 
demic course  of  artillery  embrac^es  t!ie 
light  and  heaVy  artillery  manuiil  an  1  evo- 
lutions. Thiroux's  tix'atise  on  arlillery 
and  lithojrraphic  notes  on  iK)w<i(rr,  cannon, 
|»n))ectiles  and  pyrotechny  ;  theory  and 
practi<re  l»einir  admirably  combined.  In- 
struction in  ridmp,  broadsword  and  fencing 
praclux*.  is  so  ditl'used  throuj;h  the  perio<l 
of  acjidemic  studies  as  to  provide  healthful 
exei^nse  and  physical  training:  at  all 
tenns  ;  an  advantage  of  tlie  highest  order, 
even  as  a  means  of  promoting  that  general 
mental  liealth.  requisite  for  intellectual 
success.  It  is  much  to  be  hojK'd  tliat 
still  greater  j)erfection  and  amplification 
may  yet  lie  given  to  these  physical  ele- 
ments, and  that  higher  sftecial  instruction  in 
estjibhslieil  scientific  and  practical  artillery 
may  sn<in  be  established. 

There  are  two  annual  examinations  of 
cadets,  one  l»eing  in  January  an«l  one  in 
.June.  Uoth  are  conducte<l  Ijeforo  the 
Aca<lemic  Board,  and  a  sjwcial  Board  of 
Visitors,  appoint e<l  by  the  President,  at- 
tends the  one  in  June.  These  ordeals  are 
strict  and  totally  void  of  the  ordinary  ex- 
amination shams.  Third  class  cadets  look 
forward  to  the  end  of  the  Juno  examina- 
tion with  a  peculiar  interest,  as  they  then 
'.;o  on  a  two  niontlis'  furlough.  This  res- 
pite, falling  midway  in  the  four  years 
course,  is  the  only  leave  of  absence  from 
West  Point  which  marks  a  cadet's  entire 
;:areer.  Two  years  of  confinement  past 
:ind  two  more  to  come,  result  of  course  in 
some  furlough  exhibitions  little  creditable 
to  cadet  character ;  yet  much  extenuated 
by  this  long  inexperience  of  free  life  and  a 
consequent  extravagant  relish  for  this 
brief  enlargement.  The  sudden  eirerv(  8- 
cence  of  release  soon  sobers  down  into  a 
more  rational  and  manly  enjoyment.  If 
the  course  should  be  extended  to  five 
years,  as  has  been  repeatedly  urged  for 
excellent  reasons,  two  cadet  furloughs 
ought,  by  all  means,  to  be  granted  for  the 
better  renovation  of  the  family,  social  and 
civil  afiections  of  the  cadets.  I f  the  six ty- 
two  senatorial  cadets  should  be  added 
to  the  corps,  as  contemplated  by  a  bill 


which  has  pa^sscd  the  Senate,  this  would 
so  increase  the  battalion  as  to  remove  the 
chief  objections  to  this  second  furlough. 
Presidmg  over  the  military,  academic 
and  financial  administration  of  this  institu- 
tion is  the  superintendent,  detailed  from  the 
hi^^her  grades  of  thecor{>s  of  engineers.  The 
chief  eniiineer  has  from  the  first  l)een  in- 
sjii-ctorof  tlie  Academy  and  charged  with  a 
sjK'cial  care  of  its  interest  and  well  beinjr,  not 
only  in  Washington  but  at  AVest  Point. 
He  also  details  the  su})erintendent.  This 
system  has  reMilted  in  giving  the  follow- 
ing list  of  sui>erintendents.  wiiich  to  those 
who  knovv  them  S]K'aks  for  itself:  Capt. 
Alden  Partridge,  from  181,')  to  1817,  except 
a  few  months  of  duty  b}'  Gen.  Jos.  G. 
Swift ;  Capt.  (now  Bvt.  Col.)  Sylvanus 
Thaver,  fi-om  1  Si 7  to  liS'io  j  Maj.  (notv  LL 
Col.)  U.  E.  l)e  llussv,  fnim  1833  to  1838 ; 
Maj.  Richard  Delatield,  from  1838  to  1845; 
Capt.  Henry  Bix'werton,  from  1845  to 
1852,  and  livt.  Col.  Kubert  E.  Lee  since 
that  date.  The  real  and  efficient  life  of  the 
Academy  began  when  Col.  Thayer  entered 
on  that  disthiguished  career  of  renovation 
and  bold  organiziition,  which  through  six- 
teen years  alike  honored  himself  and  the 
rising  national  school.  He  has  since  been 
continuously  in  charge  of  the  Boston  forti- 
fications,  and  still  remains  in  full  mental 
vigor  at  Ft.  Warivn  on  (leorge's  Island. 
He  found  the  Academy  weak,  imperfect 
and  low  in  itsre(piisitious;  he  lejftit  strong, 
thoroughly  organized,  and  in  its  requisi- 
tions not  inferior  to  the  Pol^'tcchnic  School 
formed  under  Nai>oleon*s  own  master 
guidance.  Col.  Thayer  had  in  Europe 
thoroughly  mastered  the  subject  of  mili- 
tary e<lucation.  and  had  watched  the 
armies  of  the  allies  in  Paris  with  eagerly 
critical  eyes.  Unequalled  in  our  service  for 
the  extent  of  his  military  reading  (unless 
perhaps  by  the  brilliant  Col.  McUcc,  of 
Fort  Erie  renown),  he  was  pre-eminent  in 
purely  personal  qualities,  lie  analyzed 
measures,  motives  and  men,  with  a  clear, 
almost  unerring  insight,  and  he  never 
shrunk  from  acting  on  his  deliberate  views^ 
in  strict  fidelity  to  himself  and  the  highest 
jwlicy.  Uniting  decision  with  courtesy, 
authority  with  justice,  knowledge  with 
consideration  for  ignorance,  strictness  ^vith 
wise  leniency,  he  seems  to  have  been  bom 
and  trained  for  the  ycry  post  he  tilled. 
AVith  Mr.  Calhoun's  ixowerwl  aid  and 
ofticial  cooperation  he  rapidly  gave  shape 
to  the  young  national  foster-child,  and 
triumphed  over  countless  obstacles  and 
difliculties. .  There  is  something  truly 
touching  and  beautiful  in  that  watchful 
interest  which  he  feels  in  the  triumphs  of 
his  nurture  sons,  and  in  the  deep  emotion 


■J 


WfMi  Point  and  Cadrt  Life. 


203 


with  vrhich  he  heard  from  Palo  Alto  and 
Ke«.VM  fhi-  pnmd  rffutntiftiiortliDM'  fKiltrv 
a*|vr*s«»ii*  of  -liis  Jmivx"  in  whirli  <lcnin- 
gnptu-^  an«l  liini'liThfU'ls  had  so  lon<; 
niihU"»>ly  jndiiliriHl.  'Yhvavt  -  Jmjvs  " 
havf  u^titiiNl  tiu-ir  grateful  upprmaiion 
ol  hi>  ^TvnH-s.  Iiv  prtHMiriiiir  W fir's  lint* 
port  mi  I.  mid  niorv  rLivntly  hy  prvM'ntinp: 
an  i-io^aiii  swnni. 

>|iai>'  tort»i<is  our  following  out  tlio 
pario  Uiriie  hv  tlie  kucci'nvivv  su|K.*nn- 
lrn<l<*ni*>  in  hnn«:in;r  tlie  Academy  lo  its 
prt*-4  lit  ur^anic  cundilKm.  Sutti<v  it  to 
«y  ih.it  all  have  done  well ;  not  resting; 
ronlfiii  in  Mi'in;r  '*  tiiat  the  repiihlic  re- 
OPiv»*«i  n<i  deirinient.''  hut  nriivcty  pninio- 
lin;:  it*  pMil.  as  Ikh'ouu's  the  dirtutors  in 
the  U'r^t  I'liiiit  nnlitary  niirnMMisni.  it 
\xMs  nr\cr  ^M-en  our  fortune  to  know  a 
iiM*n'  noh'.i-MiuliMl.  hiph  toncil.  f'on*:iiierate 
tD'i  '«'ruptilou<  iiii'Ui  than  (*ol.  l^ee.  the 
prr^*iit  >u{iiTinteuiIeut.  whose  hrilliant 
irr\i<-es  under  <ien.  S*ott  in  Mexiet) 
l^nKiMl  hiui  no  degenerate  son  of  t[ie 
heme  mniniander  of  the  *■  l*arti*i:in  l.e- 
ptiM."*  Tiie  sii]ieriiitendent's  rMn('tif»n<( 
iTf  very  vari<ais  and  of  vital  ini(Ntrtaiuv 
1*1  the  Academy.  He  presides  over  and 
■iiniini«U'r.>»  the  general  ami  >(MMMal  iinan- 
fi>  of  ihe  in^iitiitji'ii  and  of  eadets.  j:ive.'4 
din^tKin  to  iniproveiiH-nts  of  the  |io.st  anil 
of  the  academic  eiMirM-.  is  the  tinal  ilis- 
ri  -nary  ollii-erof  thr  etirps  and  ini'-.t.  jin>- 
*■'.  •—  ihe  n«'n"s>ary  <ietaiN  ot  111^1  riirtdrs. 
C"  ..•i»i«  t-.  a  v«i,iniiiiHiii*ot!iiial  iiirM'»>|MMi«l- 
KTi^".  and  I'.^iji"'  ail  lUMMifnl  ortler^  f«»r  the 
da:i%  fitidiK  t  lit  aeadeiiiie  and  niiiitary 
ajratr-. 

Ihf  Military  Ai-ademy  has  a  iNTuliar 
an<i  ri!;:h.y  valnaKh-  tiatun'  in  the  preva- 
Irtit  -_\*ti  Til  ul"  driaJliTiLT  army  oMiiers  for 
t>R'  in^tii'tion  'if  cadfi''.  'Ihe  u^iial  de- 
ta:I  !•  a*  loliow.-.  »»u*j««"i  to  -.oiiir  vana- 
t)on«:  the  ."^iiiM-riiitiiidi'iit.  'J  otiirers  m 
ihr  Kn;nri<*«TMiLr  hr|i.'irtiiiiiit.  .*!  in  IMiiIomi- 
ph\  'i  III  Mathviiialic^.  *J  in  rhniiKtiy.  •'• 
:n  Ktii !«•••.  -  in  I»rawini:.  4  m  I'raetiral 
Kni:.n»-<nn;r.  .J  in  Kmn'li.  .*»  m  Intaiilrv 
r^tir-,  4  III  Arliiliry  and  Cavalry.  1  A'l- 
jutant,  I  >iir/»-tin.  an<l  1  A-*i>tanl  Sur- 
jeuh  ;  li-iiiz  .->  in  ail.  Th'-M- i.lli<-ir'.  an- 
a.nio*t  wiMi'Hii  e\i'>-ptioii  «;'»ol  in»»true- 
:».r-.  and  ihry  aie  jn  tnni  ;:Mally  in- 
■>'TMrU-i  hy  the  hi •••**>- 1 H»'i  o|  tea»'hMiir. 
lit*:  -_\  -tini  is  i.\n-ili-iitin  alway**  kiipiiii; 
•h^  A«a  !«-iiiy  jkiriiii^  and  \il'««hh|v.  while 
!l.i-a!lii\  >  leaveiie-l  h_\  the  hlirlier  pro- 
jn-—  in  «--!Hni'«'  ihu^  unmL'lit  niit  ainiiMi; 
•  :*  Mtliiir^.  Mho  are  in  tiiin'  M'tiiriied  to 
Ui'-ir  tnid  diirif*.  To  tlii>.  cadi't*.  o«e. 
Ill  pPiii  i^rt,  lie-  i-tli«ienr_>  ui  ihi-ir  phy- 
^iral  aiei  mi  ulai  traiiii!i<;.  as  il  is  fndy  hy 
detail*  that  -iieh  ]Miwerlul  and   nioNvunt 


formative  a^ri'iicios  could  Ik;  brought  ti) 
lienr  <»n  their  eduration. 

The  piihlie  hiiildimrs  at  AVo.«t  Point  art^ 
now  excel  lent  on  the  whole,  thouirh  of 
course  n«»t  unohjectionahle.  an<l  thouirh 
fiotne  crying  defieieiicies  still  remain  to  lie 
filled.  The  new  (.'adet  Barracks  com |m)s«' 
a  nohle  gneiss  eflitice  in  the  KhzalH'than 
style,  witli  towers,  kittleinents  and  ein- 
hrasun'.-i.  The  AcadiMuic  Hall  contains 
the  n^'itatiftn  and  drawinjr-n»oins.  .the 
|)ictun>  irallery.  the  caltinets  of  Knirinwr- 
injr  and  <;eolo;:y,  the  Laltoratory.  the 
Fencinp-ronuis.  and  the  present  hreak- 
iieck  ridiiiir  hall.  One  or  two  Cadets 
must  U'  killed  outripht  hy  da.«^hin!;  amoiyr 
the  columns  of  this  hall.  U^fore  the  IIoiis«' 
of  UepreM>iitatives  will  .s4.>cond  the  ofr-n^- 
IK-^ateil  Senate  appropriation  for  a  new 
ri<lin;r  hall.  Why  <U>es  not  the  <  'hainnan 
of  Ways  and  .Mi>ans  himself  ex^xTinient 
on  {HTriiSNitin  and  the  relativu  lianlness 
of  liead>  and  |M»>ts.  hy  practi.«iiiii;  a  few  of 
the  iiilereoluiiiifear  pallojis  lndcmiriii;;  to 
the  pH'MMit  cadet  nmr.s**:  the  pridi;ihle 
n-siilt  wiHild  he  a  "new  ridiiii:  liuH  " 
liiiiiip  Oil  his  spiu'ioiis  cranium.  The 
neat  and  conimiHlioiis  chniiol  contains  an 
appropiiate  »lle<:orical  paintm«r  hy  Mr. 
Wiir.  The  Ijhniry  hiiii«liiur  has  a  tine 
location  and  an  iiii{N)sini;ap|H*araii(T  The 
Lihiary  phiui  is  so  spaeious  and  airy  that 
it  is  useil  for  the  e.\:tminations  and  for 
winter  «'ointTt<.  It  confains  a  valnahli* 
siKi't  1011  nt  iH'ar  l.^MiHi  volumes,  and  in 
mii'li  n-ed  hy  iiniirr-*  and  Tudets.  tlnHiLdi 
it>  ii'.;ii!;iti«»iis  Inck  lilN-rality  in  re^p.  ft  !.» 
tne  latliT.  The  <  Jh«.i'rv:il«»ry  ocinpu-s 
tliin-  tiiAi-rs.  with  a  tine  transit  in>tni- 
nieiit  and  a  lar^'c  mural  circle  and  an  in- 
dltli  n-lit  eipi.ilniiiil.  The  l'hl[H>.opliii*;i| 
i-aliimi  .'ind  Iniim'-ronm.  and  thi*  ollii-»'s 
ol  till-  Sii]«*riiitindrnt.  .-Xdjut.int  and 
(^u;iMi  r-.Masti'r.  are  in  this  hiiildiiiL'.  'Hie 
luw  .Mr-s-liall  N  a  tine  ami  coniiuodioim 
I'diiiiT.  i''iiitaiiiin<r  In'^-idi'S  the  cadi>t  ctim- 
iiion-.  pKiiiis  for  tin-  tdllivrs'me»  and  the 
purvewir'.*.  house.  The  llo>pital  is  pleas- 
uiii.;  Iniati'd  and  well  conduc'ed.  thouirh 
iiss  |Hrtirt  :n  its  arramreinents  than  the 
ni'w  -Ml.iitTs'  Hospital  alCamptown.  The 
Siii'ji.ii  :iiid  .\s«.i^taiii  Surireoii  livr  in 
till*  iiii.pii.-tl  wiiiL's.  and  it  i>  no  fault  ••! 
tlieiis  It"  silk  radtls  tail  to  1k'  conifort- 
ahi«-.  The  Wi-.l  I'liiiil  Hotel  IS  so  lM»;nitl- 
tnii\  aii'i  •-onvi-nH-ntly  JiN'ated  thai  inuiiv 
visitm..  pnfir  endiinn'.:  11 «;  iintanu-d  wait- 
er- and  imiiHi  n-nt  <'«»'.ik«-ry,  to  luinu'  a  in  ie 
hi'iow  th«-  roint  at  rii/zciis-  ]Inti-|.  Kipt 
hy  the  distiniruished  pnhliean  of  th  it 
ii  iiiH'.  'I  In*  rnil«s»i»i«.'  hoiioi'^.  the  Ar- 
tillery l.a)*oratory  aniJ  storehoiiM'.  thi 
dra^'tHfii  stahiivs.  i|u?  ( 'omniis>anes'  store 


204 


West  Point  and  Cadet  Life. 


[Aug. 


the  band  and  engineer  barracks,  and  va- 
rious minor  tenements  complete  this  ai^ 
chitcctural  inventory;  but  time  ought 
soon  to  add  a  new  riding  hall  and  a  con- 
.sidera)>Ie  accession  to  the  houses  now  as- 
signable as  quarters  for  ofHccrs  with  fam- 
ilies. 

Space  prohibits  any  fitting  exposition 
•  •f  the  early  and  revohitionary  history  of 
West  Point,  Arnold's  treason,  Washing- 
ton's residence  and  head-quarters,  Kos- 
ciuszko's  engineering,  the  various  forts  or 
batteries  now  crumbling  and  cedar-tufted, 
and  tlie  twilight  or  historic  dawn  of  the 
Military  Academy  from  Col.  Pickering's 
first  suggestion  to  Col.  Thayer's  consum- 
mation. In  vindication  of  the  necessity 
and  value  of  this  institution,  the  sanctions 
and  comQiendations  of  men  like  Washing- 
ton. Madison,  Jefferson,  Calhoun.  Jack- 
hou,  Scott,  with  the  uniform  testimony 
(»f  approbation  Tone  foggy  instance  ex- 
cepted) bestowea  by  boards  of  visitors, 
often  selected  from  avowed  opponents  of 
the  Academy,  and  the  high  praise  award- 
ivl  by  foreign  critics ;  these  may  safely  be 
trusted  against  the  rabid  attacks  of  lio- 
loving  demagogues,  hitherto  more  than 
oiico  in  full  chorus,  but  now  hapjiily 
quiescent.  From  the  battle-fields  of  Ca- 
nada, Florida,  Mexico  and  the  Indian  ter- 
ritories, from  our  railroads,  canals,  river 
:ui(l  harbor  improvements,  fortifications, 
••oast  survey,  land  and  lake  surveys,  west- 
(Tu  explorations,  national  disbursements, 
A-c.,  a  quiet  voice  of  good  works  by  her 
sons  vindicates  the  glory,  honor,  strength, 
integrity  and  life-worthiness  of  their 
hill-girt  alma  mater.  The  Academy  costs 
yearly  less  than  a  frigate ;  yet  even  old 
Ironsides  has  not  accomplished  so  much. 
The  navy  is  now  rejoicing  in  the  prosper- 
ous beginning  of  the  kindred  school  at 
Annapolis,  for  sad  experience  of  its  need 
lias  taught  the  best  men  of  the  navy  to 
prize  it  as  we  do  our  own  academic  eyrie, 
it  would  be  pleasant  to  narrate  how 
cadets  amuse  themselves  iu  camp,  in 
barracks,  and  on  Saturday  afternoons ; 
how  literary  societies  have  failed  to  pros- 
per among  them,  not  excepting  even  the 


Dialectic ;  how  West  Point  society  is  and 
might  be;  how  fashion  and  sentiment 
have  '*come  down,  like  a  wolf  on  the 
fold ; "  how  ej'es  grow  languishing  and 
hearts  grow  soft  as  beauteous  youth  bo- 
guiles  fledgling  heroes,  whether  in  gray  or 
blue,  along  the  mazes  of  "  flirtation  walk ; " 
how  the  seasons  come  and  go,  the  winter 
in  white,  the  spring  blooming  with  hepa- 
tica  epigea,  saxafraga,  azalia  and  laurel, 
the  autumn  in  its  gorgeous  and  many- 
colored  drapery  of  foliage,  and  then  the 
lichens  blackening  the  leafless  mountains, 
and  how  the  band,  the  glorious  old  band, 
wakes  melodies  of  exquisite  spirit  and 
charms  the  sweet  voices  of  the  night 

The  reader  well  knows  that  I  love 
honorably  my  alma  mater,  and  wish  all 
true  Americans  to  foster  and  maintain 
not  only  her  existence,  but  her  health 
and  vitality.  I  too  have  faith  in  the  read- 
er's wisdom,  justice  and  liberality  towards 
this  good  cause.  War,  I  abominate,  the 
more  because  professionally  obliged  to 
know  its  honors,  and  because  many  tme 
friends  and  honored  acquaintances  have 
been  Floridian  and  Mexican  victims ;  a 
pure  and  gentle-souled  room-mate  met 
death  with  a  smilo  at  sad  ^lolino.  But 
amid  the  passing  complications  of  the  na- 
tions amid  the  extensions  of  a  growth 
like  ours,  I  fear  that  wars  must  come, 
and  the  more  surely  if  we  neglect  mili- 
tary education  and  the  warlike  muniments 
of  empire.  When  Fisheries,  and  Cuba. 
and  Sandwich  Islands  cease  to  agitate 
the  State  Department,  when  Europe  has 
solved  its  Eastern  question,  and  when 
Russia  rules  supreme-  over  Europe  and 
Asia,  or  shares  power  with  Western  Eu- 
rope made  one  through  revolution  and 
common  mterests ;  then  will  this  nation 
rule  a  continent  and  govern  the  course  of 
free  institutions.  Military  science  in  oar 
hands  may  then  become  the  potent  instru- 
ment of  millennial  triumph,  the  vindica- 
tor of  universal  peace.  Military  science 
prevents  war,  conducts  it  in  triumph  and 
under  humane  restraints,  and  will  at  last 
make  war  impossible :  hence  we  loam  our 
duty. 


im.] 


205 


ETniOl'IAK     MGHTH*    KNTERTAlNMEHTa, 


BTtie  t  thfi*4«^  of  fotij  El  ■  V  en, 

wydl,  in  thi^  Oriental  11)04  ^'^  now 

MnMu#  Dftttve  to  mc,  grcstj^  «dik4  to 
Hw  dmnn  of  Oie  i-^anifv.  Mv  nights* 
^ataiiutt  '  tilt!  Arji- 

Mhd*    nr  I,  Mid  d- 

dtttiigh.  ilufii>g  ikv  d;4Vt  A  Ijiiht  north' 
wi&d  illlwl  tn/  ifiallit,  it  bvariMiily  fell 
mlm  Ml  MiiiitL  tmd  rt'ttmm*.Hi  h^i  for  two 
wt  lltttt  bour«.  During  lh«  ulYerfit>on,  [ 
||j  tUvftcbad  on  my  cnqiet  on  th«  dccltj 
IwkMii  thffiagh  tiii1fH:IoMed  creit  cm  the 
ifitUmim^  Hftr  and  h^«  butikit  '  The  tre^rt- 
mu  f^ort  will  OEic  lon^  howcr  i>r  ParA- 
4fai— fl0  given,  m  bright,  so  Sicftpcil  wild 
ikm  d^rp^  oooi  fi»lte0i  of  mapitiG  s)^ca- 


of  yel^i  .'i  hridgtid  th«  gliuts) 

Ktk'  wi'  Ml  a. 

At  *^i  '  I   jiclected  %   pkjyuiiit 

spot  on  the  western  bank  of  thi?  river, 
when?  tlie  palnm  \fvrt*  loflicst  «niJ  inott 
tluckly  c]u£tt.«rf<d,  uml  hiid  tlio  Itoat  iiiDOr* 
od  to  the  shore,  AriiJiu't  ih**u  si»rt'ad  injf 
eumt  »Dd  pilr^d  my  cu^hiotm  cm  the 
Rhmvin^  batik  of  wtjilc  tJknd^  ml  tbu  foot 
of  the  tre^g,  wht-ns  it»  I  l»y.  1  c<Mild  »<h? 
the  long,  fciithef)'  k«vi*^  high  jil»o^e  my 
hemd,  Ktifi  ftt  the  Bmme  time  look  upon  tlie 
liroftd  w%k©  of  the  inoon^  ««  eho  rot^j  be- 
yond the  Nile.  The  wind  wtg  ft»  fliH* 
And  sofl  la  ft  hen)  of  down,  and  reUiTu'd  An 
»ltret**Me  wamjih  from  the  iimrthhjir 
which  hud  hin  ti)»c>ii  tt  aU  iUj.  Ah  w« 
r*rclj  halteil  n^^r  n  villtpe^  ttiero  wi*  do 
HOund  to  disturb  the  huhnj  tc^iomc  of  the 
iK^ne^  extTpt,  now  jind  th<*n/ttie  whine 
of  &  Jftekal  prowlmfT  ilorig  the  eitge  of  the 
DrjKeri.  Arhmrt  cm^M^ii  hii»  lept  bcddc 
tne  on  the  Miid^  mnd  All,  who  bt  Kuoh 
thne^  hacl  miM^tniil  r hiir^  of  mv  pip«^^  mt 
»t  tii'-   ■'    ■  Ken 

grit  •  fe>in- 

011-  da  tin' 


<nd 


\  td  |iol 
ithootlMr  I 


I  of  b»Trn^  a  brxtafi  disc      were  brought  out  m  tttv^ii^  wVM&i  Vl  ^^ 


200 


Ethitypian  JVt^rAl/  Enierlaifmienit. 


re^  fire*!ij3flit,  and  oomploted.  Ihe  realitj 
of  a  fixture  whicb  wan  more  beauliful 

On  the  first  of  these  cvetiinp,  aflcr  my 
pipe  had  been  filled  for  the  third  ihne, 
Afhiiiet^  finding  that  I  showed  no  liinpo- 
sithm  to  brcftk  the  svlenee,  and  rightly 
judging  that  I  would  rather  1  listen  thnn 
tAlk,  addre^'ied  tne.  ^'  Master/^  waid  lie, 
^'  I  know  many  eione-^^i  hucH  as  the  story* 
tellers  rtdiite  in  the  c  jftee-hoiiiscs  of  Cairo, 
If  yovi  will  give  mc  permisf*ion,  J  will  tell 
yoQ  8orne  which  I  thmk  you  will  find  di-^ 
verLini;."  ^^  Excellent  1 "  said  [ ;  '* nothini^ 
will  pleaise  me  better^  provided  you  tell 
them  iQ  Arabic.  This  will  be  more 
agrecablu  to  both  of  us^  and  whenev^jr  I 
cannot  understand  your  wur<1s.  I  will  in- 
terrupt you,  and  you  shall  explain  tlicm 
AS  well  as  you  can  »n  Englinth."  lie  im- 
niijdialely  conmicncod,  and  while  thos« 
evening  calm^  la.sted,  I  had  huch  u  living 
experience  of  I  ho  Arabian  Nights  us  would 
hmyn  seemed  to  me  a  greater  ninrvel  than 
any  they  describe,  had  it  l>cen  forei^hown 
to  my  t^oyi^h  vision,  when  t  first  hung 
over  the  charmed  pnj^s.  There,  in  my 
African  mCHxi,  the  must  nmrvellous  par- 
ticuhii'S  seamed  f^uire  real  and  natural^ 
ftlVil  1  enjoyed  those  flowers  of  Ka^ileru 
romance  with  n  »est  unknown  before, 
Afler  my  recent  reci^ptiou,  iks  a  kirig  of 
the  F(anks^  in  tlje  captml  of  Berber,  it 
was  not  difficult  to  ima^ne  iny5<*lf  Shah- 
riar.  the  Sultan  of  the  In  dies,  especially 
a«  the  moon  iihowed   me  my  turbaiied 


sbado  w  on  the  sand.    If  the  amber  niontb*  ^ 
piece  of  tny  pipe  wai  not  studiJed  with 
jewdi^  And  if  the   aerf  which  held  m^ 
eoffcc-cup  w^  hmsA  instead  of  gold^  tU 
waa  alt  the  same  by  moonhght    Achmet^l 
seated   on   the   sand   a   little   txdow  my 
throne,  was  SheheraEade,  and  A  ti^k  nettl- 
ing  at   my  feet    her   sister,  Dinar^^de  j 
though,  to  ^peak  candidly,  my  imng:in*-J 
tion  could  not  stretch   quite  so  ftir.     In 
this  respect  8hahriar  had  ^rntly  the  ad- 
vanlnge  of  me,     I  bitterly  felt  the  ditfer- 
ence   between  my  dnsky  yizier  and  his 
Tiltiers  doughter*     Nor  did  All,  who  lis- 
tened to  the  Jitories  with  great    interest|<j 
eApfosaing  hsis  satisfaction  occasional  I  v  by 
a  deep  guttural  chuckle,  ever  surprise  m^ 
by  saying:  *'Ifyou  are  not  a^tefp^  my 
sister.  I  beg  of  you  to  rcixiunl  to  me  on#*i 
of  those  delightful  stories  you  know,*' 

Nevertheless,  those  nights  pKHL'ssii^i  a 
charm   which    separate*!   tt*<sin    Iroin    all 
other  nights  1  have  known.     The  stories, 
re^nibled  iho^&  of  tlie  Arabinn  talc  in 
being  ^oiuelime.^  ppokmge*!  t'rom  oise  day 
to  another.     One  of  Ihcnir  in  fu'^^t^   was 
**Ganem,  tho  Slate  of  I/>fe:'*   but,  aa 
told   by  Achmei.  did'eiing  slightly  trvtul 
Uii'  Frj-ljj*h  ver>i>on,     Thi;  t,niii'iii:il  j*i,>f-v/. 
i  ;is  new  to 

:i  '-it  has  txr:  1 

may  be  pard^iTi'.ni  fn  telling  li  a^  it  waii 
told  to  lue,  tiikifij;  the  titierty  \n  >nb;tl- 
tut«  my  own  words  *tjr  Achmei ' 
of  Arabic  and  Eughsh.     1  wr* 
OUgbty  giv«u  tip  to  the  piea^nL  Uki^«^tl 


1854.] 


Ethiopian  NighU^  Entertainments, 


207 


to  note  down  the  story  at  the  time,  and  I 
refnvt  that  many  peculianties  of  exprcs- 
von  have  escaped  nie,  which  then  led  mo 
Co  cufiMder  it  a  f^enuine  pnxluct  of  the 
age  which  produced  the  Thousand  and 
One  Xifshtn. 

*•  You  already  know,  my  master."  Ach- 
met  he^n.  ^that  many  hundred  years 
a::o  all  tlie  people  of  Islam  were  ^vemed 
by  a  Cali|ih,  whose  capital  was  Baghdad, 
and  I  duu^t  not  that  you  have  heard  of 
the  pereat  Caliph,  Ilaroun  Al-Raschid,  who 
cerUiinly  was  not  only  the  wise.st  man  of 
hK  day,  but  the  wisest  that  has  U'en 
known  since  the  days  of  our  prophet.  Mo- 
hammed, whose  name  be  exalted!  It 
rarely  happens  that  a  wise  and  great  man 
erer  finds  a  wife,  whose  wisdom  is  any 


match  for  his  own;  for  as  the  wise  men 
whom  Allah  sends  u|)on  the  earth  are 
few.  so  are  the  wise  women  still  fewer. 
But  herein  was  the  Caliph  favored  of 
Heaven.  Since  the  days  of  Balkis,  the 
Queen  of  Sheba,  whom  even  the  Prophet 
Solomon  could  not  help  but  honor,  there 
was  no  woman  equal  in  virtue  or  in  wis- 
dom to  the  Sultana  Zubeydeh  (Zo))eidc). 
The  Caliph  never  failed  to  consult  her  on 
all  important  matters,  and  her  priidcnce 
and  intelli^noe  were  united  with  his,  in 
the  government  of  his  great  empire,  even 
as  the  sun  and  moon  are  sometimes  seen 
shining  in  the  heavens  at  the  same  time. 

But  do  not  imagine  that  Ilaroun  Al- 
Raschid  and  the  Sultana  Zul>eydch  were 
destitute   of    faults.      None  except    the 


Prophets  of  Ciod — may  their  names  lie 
eat- -Ik-*]  for  ever  I — were  ever  entirely 
jii*i.  *>T  wise,  or  prudent.  The  Caliph 
va«  j^ubject  to  fit^  of  jealousy  and  inis- 
Cru-i,  wh:ch  fre<|iicntly  le<l  him  to  commit 
mt\A  that  obli^e'l  him.  afterwards,  to  eat 
of  ViK  bitter  fruit  of  iep*iitaii(*e  ;  and  as 
ion  Zu>ieydeh,  with  all  her  wiNdoiii.  she 
had  a  sharp  tongue  in  her  head,  and  was 
oflrn  i<f  little  discreet  as  to  say  thin;:s 
vhirh  bn Might  u{M>n  her  the  di>pU'a.sure 
pf  the  r'ommander  of  the  Faithful. 

It  chanced  that,  once  u|M)n  a  time,  they 
were  both  Mati-d  in  a  window  of  the  h-a-' 
Tttti.  «  hich  overlooked  one  of  the  .streets 
•f  Bai^hdad.  The  Culiph  was  in  an  ill- 
biunur.  fur  a  beautiful  Georgian  slave 
whom  bin  rizier  tiad  recently  hrou/:ht 
Ub,  had  diMMfpeMfcd  from  the  hMrcin,  and 


he  saw  in  this  the  work  of  Zul>cydt-h.  wV  » 
was  always  jealous  of  any  rival  to  ln,f 
iHMiity.  Now,  as  they  were  sitliiiir  !her«j, 
looking  down  into  the  htreet.  a  |»onrw(N)d- 
cutt<T  came  aloiii:.  with  a  hun<ile  of  .stii-ks 
U}N>ii  his  h"ad.  His  body  was  lean  with 
poverty,  and  his  only  clothing  was  a  tat- 
teretl  cloth,  Inxind  around  hi>  wui^i.  liut 
the  m«).st  wonderful  thiiiir  w:i«..  ihat  in 
|Nissini^  through  the  \\^»h\  wIht^  he  had 
colU>«*ted  his  load,  a  sei|MMit  had  m'1/.«.m] 
hiiii  hy  the  heel,  but  his  feel  were  so 
hardeneil  by  toil  that  they  reM'inhli'd  the 
hoofs  of  a  camel ;  and  he  neither  felt  the 
teeth  of  the  serinrnt.  nor  knew  that  he 
was  still  dragging  it  after  hiin  as  he 
walkeil.  The  Caliph  marvvUvivi  >KWw\y& 
beheld  this,  but  7«u\ieyOLe\\  «Ttc\TSL\va«\V 
*'i>ee,  O   CommaudeT   ul    X\w    Va^vvVAviW 


208 


Ethiopian  Nights  Entertainments, 


[Aug. 


there  is  the  man's  wife!"  "What!" 
exclaimed  Ilaroun.  with  sudden  wrath; 
'*  is  the  wife  then  a  serpent  to  the  man, 
which  stingos  him  none  the  less  because  he 
does  not  feel  it  ?  Thou  serpent,  because 
thou  hast  stung  me,  and  because  thou 
hast  made  sport  of  the  honest  poverty  of 
that  poor  creature,  thou  shalt  take  the 
serpent's  place  ! "  Zubeydeh  answered 
not  a  word,  for  she  knew  that  to  speak 
would  but  increase  the  Caliph's  anger. 
Haroun  clupi)cd  his  hand  thrice,  and  pre- 
sently Mesrour,  his  chief  eunuch,  appear- 
ed. "  Here,  Mcsrour,"  said  he ;  ^'  take 
this  woman  with  thee,  follow  yonder 
wood-cutter,  and  present  her  to  him  as 
his  wife,  whom  the  Caliph  hath  ordered 
him  to  accept." 

Mcsrour  laid  his  hands  upon  his  breast 
and  bowed  his  head,  in  token  of  obedi- 
ence, lie  then  beckoned  to  Zul>eydeh. 
who  rose,  covered  hersjclf  with  a  veil  ana 
a  feridjee,  such  as  is  worn  by  the  wives 
of  the  poor,  and  followed  him.  When 
they  had  overtaken  the  wood-cutter,  Mes- 
rour  delivered  to  him  the  messa;;e  of  the 
Caliph,  and  presented  to  him  the  veiled 
Zubeydeh.  •'  There  is  no  God  but  God ! " 
said  the  poor  man  ;  "  but  how  can  I  sup- 
port a  wife — I,  who  can  scarcely  live  by 
my  own  labors  ? ''  "  Dost  thou  dare  to 
disoV>ey  the  Commander  of  the  Faith- 
ful ?  "  cried  ^lesrour,  in  such  a  savage 
tone,  that  the  man  trembled  from  head 
to  foot ;  but  Zubeydeh,  speaking  for  the 
first  time,  said,  "  Take  me  with  thee,  O 
man  1  since  it  is  the  Caliph's  will.  I  will 
serve  tliee  faithfully,  and  perhaps  the  bur- 
den of  thy  poverty  may  be  lightened 
through  me."  The  man  thereupon  obey- 
ed, and  they  proceeded  together  to  his 
house,  which  was  in  a  remote  part  of  the 
city.  There  were  but  two  miserable 
rooms,  with  a  roof,  which  was  l>eginning 
to  fall  in.  from  decay.  The  wood-cntter, 
having  thrown  down  his  bundle,  went 
out  to  the  bazaar,  purchasefl  some  rice 
and  a  little  salt,  and  brought  a  jar  of 
water  from  the  fountain.  This  was  all  he 
could  afford,  and  Zubeydeh.  who  had 
kindled  a  fire  in  the  mean  time,  cooked  it 
and  pLiced  it  before  him.  But  when  he 
would  have  had  her  raise  her  veil,  and  .sit 
down  to  eat  with  him,  she  refused,  say- 
ing, "  1  have  promi.sed  that  I  shall  not  in- 
crease the  burden  of  thy  poverty.  Promise 
me.  in  return,  that  thou  wilt  never  seek 
to  look  upon  my  face,  nor  to  enter  that 
]*oom,  which  I  have  chosen  for  my  apart- 
ment. I  am  not  without  learning,  0 
man !  and  if  thou  wilt  respect  my  wishes, 
it  shall  be  well  for  thee." 

The  wood-cuUer,  who  was  not  natoral- 


Iv  deficient  in  intelligence,  perceived  from 
the  words  of  Zubeydeh,  that  she  was  a 
superior  person;  and  judging  thai  he 
oould  not  do  better  than  to  follow  her 
counsel,  promised  at  once  all  that  she  ' 
desired.  She  then  declared,  that  as  she 
intended  to  take  charge  of  his  household, 
he  must  give  to  her,  every  evening,  all 
the  money  he  had  received  for  his  wood 
during  the  day.  The  man  consented  to 
this,  and  likewise  produce^i  a  handful  of 
copper  coins,  which  all  together  amounted 
to  only  one  piastre — but  you  must  know, 
my  master,  that  a  piastre  in  the  days  of 
Ilaroun  Al-Kaschid,  was  four  or  five  tiroes 
as  much  as  it  is  nowadays.  Thus  they 
lived  together  for  several  weeks^  the 
wood-cutter  going  to  the  forest  every  day, 
and  paying  his  gains  every  night  into  the 
hands  of  Zubeydeh,  who  kept  bis  misera- 
ble house  clean  and  comfortable,  and  pre- 
pared his  food.  She  managed  things  with 
so  much  economy  that  she  was  enabled  to 
save  two  paras  every  day,  out  of  the  pi- 
astre which  he  gave  her.  When  she  had 
ama.ssed  twenty  piastres  in  this  way,  she 
gave  them  to  tl>e  wood-cutter,  saying: 
*'  Go  now  to  the  market  and  buy  thee  an 
ass  with  this  money.  Thou  canst  thus 
bring  home  thrice  as  much  wooil  as  be- 
fore, and  the  ass  can  subsist  upon  the 
grass  which  he  finds  in  the  forest,  ami 
which  costs  thee  nothing."  **  By  Allah ! " 
exclaimed  the  woodcutter;  "thou  aria 
wonderful  woman,  and  I  will  obey  thee 
in  every  thing." 

lie  forthwith  did  as  Zubeydeh  order- 
ed, and  was  now  enabled  to  give  her  three 
or  four  piastres  every  evening.  She  pre- 
sented him  with  a  more  decent  garment, 
and  added  butter  to  hLs  pillau  of  rice,  but 
still  preserved  such  a  strict  economy,  that 
in  a  short  tin»e  he  was  nMistcr  of  three 
asses  instea<i  of  one,  and  was  obliged  to 
hire  a  man  to  assist  him  in  cutting  wood. 
One  evening  as  tlie  a.sscs  came  home  with 
their  loads,  Zubeydeh  remarked  that  the 
wood  pave  out  a  grateful  fragrance,  like 
that  of  musk  or  ambergris,  and  upon  ex- 
amining it  more  closely,  she  fouml  that 
it  was  a  most  precious  article — in  fact 
that  it  had  been  cut  from  one  of  those 
spicy  trees  which  sprang  up  where  the 
tears  of  Adam  fell  ujwn  the  earth,  as  he 
bewailed  his  expulsion  from  Paradise. 
For  at  that  time  the  juices  of  the  fruits  of 
Paradise  still  remained  in  his  body,  and 
his  tears  were  flavored  by  them — which 
was  the  cause  of  all  the  spices  that  grow 
in  the  lands  of  Serendib  and  India.  Za- 
beydeh  asked  of  the  wood-cutter:  "To 
whom  dost  thou  soil  this  wood  ?  ^  and 
from  his  answer,  she  found  that  it  waa  all 


1854.] 


BAiopian  NighU^  Entertainments. 


200 


purchftsed  by  some  Jewish  merchants, 
who  pive  him  no  more  for  it  than  for  the 
common  wood  with  which  she  cooked  his 
rice.  "  The  accursed  Jews ! "  she  exclaim- 
ed;  '^  go  thou  to  them  immediately,  and 
threaten  to  accuse  them  before  the  Cadi 
of  defrauding  a  son  of  the  Faith,  unless 
they  ajrree  to  pay  thee  for  this  wood 
henceforth,  twelve' times  as  much  as  they 
hare  paid,  before  ! " 

The  man  lost  no  time  in  visiting  the 
Jewish  merchants,  who,  when  they  saw 
that  their  fraud  had  been  discovered,  were 
greatly  alarmed,  and  immediately  agreed 
to  pay  him  all  that  he  demanded.  The 
woodnrultcr  now  brought  home  every 
night  three  donkey-loads  of  the  precious 
wood,  and  paid  to  Zubeydeh  from  one  to 
two  hundred  piastres.  She  was  soon 
able  to  purchase  a  better  house,  where 
she  not  only  gave  the  man  more  nourish- 
iog  ibod.  but  sent  for  a  teacher  to  instruct 
him  how  to  read  and  write.  lie  had  so 
improved  in  appearance  by  this  time,  and 
had  profited  so  well  by  the  wise  conver- 
sation of  Zubeydeh.  that  he  was  quite  like 
another  (person,  and  those  who  had  known 
him  in  his  poverty  no  longer  recognized 
him.  For  this  reason,  the  Caliph,  who 
soon  repented  of  his  anger  towards 
Zubeydeh  and  made  every  effort  to 
recover  her,  was  unable  to  find  any  trace 
of  him.  Mesrour  sought  day  and  night 
through  the  streets  of  Baghdad,  but  as 
Zubeydeh  never  left  the  wood-cutter's 
hou<e.  all  his  search  was  in  vain,  and  the 
Caliph  was  like  one  distracted. 

One  day.  as  the  wood-cutter  was  on  his 
way  to  the  forest,  he  was  met  by  three 
persons,  who  desired  to  hire  his  asses  f«>r 
the  day.  **  But,"  saifl  he  ;  **  I  make  my 
living  from  the  wood  which  the  asses 
carry  to  the  city."  **  What  profit  do  you 
make  upon  each  load  ?  "  asked  one  of  the 
men.  **  If  it  is  a  goo^l  load  I  often  make 
fifty  piastres,"  ans\vere<i  the  wood-cutter. 
^  Well."  said  the  men.  **  we  will  give  you 
two  hundred  piastres  as  tlie  hire  of  each 
ass  for  one  day."  The  woo<l -cutter,  who 
had  not  expected  such  an  extraordinary 
offer,  was  aJ>>ut  to  acci'pt  it  at  once  when 
he  reflected  that  he  had  obeyed  in  all 
things  the  advice  of  Zubeydeh,  and  ought 
D'jt  to  take  such  a  step  without  her  con- 
sent. He  thereupon  requested  the  men 
to  wait  while  he  returned  home  and  con- 
sulted hjs  wife.  *•  Ymi  have  done  right, 
0  my  lord!"  said  ZuI.eydch:  *' I  com- 
mend your  prudence,  and  am  quite  willing 
tliat  you  should  accept  the  otfer  of  the 
men.  as  tlie  money  will  purchase  other 
as-e-j  and  repay  you  for  the  loss  of  the  day's 
profit  if  the  persons  bhould  not  return." 


Now,  the  three  men  were  three  celelynted 
robbers  who  had  amassed  a  vast  treasure 
which  they  kept  concealed  in  a  cave  in 
one  of  the  neighboring  mountains.  They 
hired  the  asses  in  order  to  transport  this 
treasure  to  a  barque  in  which  they  had 
taken  passage  to  Bassora,  where  they 
intended  to  establish  themselves  as  rich 
foreign  merchants.  But  Allah,  who 
governs  all  things,  allows  the  plans  of 
the  wicked  to  prosper  for  a  time,  only 
that  he  may  throw  them  into  more  utter 
ruin  at  the  last  The  robbers  went  to 
their  secret  cave  with  the  asses  and 
loaded  them  with  all  their  spoiKs — great 
sacks  of  gold,  of  rubies,  diamonds  and 
emeralds,  which  the  beasts  were  scarcely 
strong  enough  to  carry.  On  theu-  way 
to  the  river  below  Baghdad,  where  the 
boat  was  waiting  for  them,  two  of  them 
stopped  to  drink  at  a  well  while  the  other 
went  on  with  the  asses.  Said  one  of  the 
twain  to  the  other:  "Let  us  kill  our 
comrade,  that  we  may  have  the  greater 
treasure."  He  at  once  agreed,  and  they 
had  no  sooner  overtaken  the  third  robber 
than  the  first,  with  one  stroke  of  his 
sabre,  made  his  head  fly  from  his  body. 
The  two  then  proceeded  for  a  short  dis- 
tance, when  the  murderer  said :  **  I  must 
have  more  than  half  of  the  treasure 
because  I  killed  our  comrade."  "If  you 
begin  by  claiming  more  than  half  you  will 
in  the  end  claim  the  whole ; "  said  the 
other  robber,  who  refused  to  agree.  They 
presently  set  upon  each  other  with  their 
swords,  and  after  fighting  for  some  time, 
both  of  them  received  so  many  wounds 
that  they  fell  dead  in  the  road. 

The  asses,  finding  that  no  one  was 
driving  them  any  longer,  took,  from 
habit,  the  road  to  the  wood-cutter's  house 
where  they  arrived  safely,  with  the  trea- 
sure upon  their  backs.'  Great  was  the 
amazement  of  their  master,  who,  at 
Zubeydeh's  command,  carried  the  heavy 
sacks  into  the  house.  Buc  when  he  had 
opened  one  of  them,  and  the  splendor  of 
the  jewels  filled  the  whole  room.  Zubey- 
deh exclaimed :  *'  Gwi  is  great !  Now, 
indeed,  1  .«ee  that  my  conduct  is  accept- 
able to  Him.  and  that  His  hand  hurries 
my  desijni  more  swiftly  to  its  completion." 
But  as  she  knew  not  what  had  ha|»|>ened  to 
the  roblx»rs,  and  supi)Osed  that  the  owner 
of  the  treasure  would  have  his  loss  pro- 
claimed in  the  bazaars,  she  <letvrinineii  to 
keep  the  sacks  closed  fur  the  spji,x»  of  a 
moon,  after  which,  acoordinj^  to  the  hiw, 
they  would  become  her  prop.Tty  if  they 
ha<l  not  bei'u  clauned  in  the  mean  time. 
Of  course.  n«)  proclamation  of  the  loss  was 
made  and  at  the  end  of  the  moon   slie 


210 


Ethiopian  'Nights*  Entertainments, 


[Aug. 


oonf9dere<1  that  Rhehadajiist  rip:ht  to  the 
treaRure,  which,  upon  computation,  proved 
to  be  even  frreater  than  that  of  the  Caliph 
Haroun  Al-Raschid. 

She  commanded  the  wood-cutter  to 
send  her  at  once  the  most  renowned 
architect  of  Bag^hdad.  whom  she  diixKited 
to  build,  exactly  opjwsite  to  the  Cah'ph's 
Palace,  another  palace  which  should  sur- 
pass in  splendor  any  thing  that  had 
ever  been  beheld.  For  the  purchase  of 
the  materials  and  the  hire  of  the  work- 
men, she  gave  him  a  hundred  thotisand 
pieces  of  gold.  "If  men  ask."  said  she, 
"for  whom  you  are  building  the  palace, 
tell  them  it  is  for  the  son  of  a  foreign 
king."  The  architect  employed  all  the 
workmen  in  Baghdad,  and  followed  her 
instructions  so  well,  that  in  two  months 
the  palace  was  finished.  The  like  of  it 
had  never  been  seen,  and  the  Caliph's 
palace  faded  before  its  magnificence,  as 
the  face  of  the  moon  fades  when  the  sun 
has  risen  above  the  horizon.  The  walls 
were  of  marble,  white  as  snow ;  the  gates 
of  ivory,  inlaid  with  pearl ;  the  domes 
were  gilded,  so  that  when  the  sun  shone 
the  eye  could  not  look  upon  them  ;  and 
from  a  great  fountain  of  silver,  in  the 
court-yard,  a  jet  of  rose-colored  water, 
which  diffused  an  agreeable  odor,  leaped 
into  the  air.  Of  this  palace  it  might  be 
said,  in  the  words  of  the  poet :  •'  Truly  it 
resembles  Paradise :  or  is  it  the  lost  House 
of  Irem,  built  from  the  treasures  of  King 
Sheddad  ?  May  kindness  dwell  upon 
the  lips  of  the  lord  of  this  palace,  and 
charity  find  refuge  m  his  heart,  that  he 
may  be  adjudged  wortiiy  to  enjoy  such 
splendor ! " 

During  the  building  of  the  palace, 
Zubeydeh  employed  the  best  masters  in 
teaching  the  wood-cutter  all  the  accom- 
plishments which  his  present  condition 
required  that  he  should  possess.  In  a 
short  time  he  was  a  very  imttem  of  ele- 
gance in  his  manner;  his  words  were 
choice,  and  spoken  with  dignity  and  pro- 
priety; and  his  ^emeanor  was  that  of 
one  bom  to  command  rather  than  to 
obey.  When  she  had  succeeded  to  the 
full  extent  of  her  wishes,  she  commenced 
teaching  him  to  play  chess,  and  spent 
several  hours  a  day  in  this  manner,  until 
he  finally  played  with  a  skill  equal  to 
her  own.  By  this  time  the  palace  was 
completed,  and  after  having  purchased 
horses  ana  slaves,  and  every  thing  neces- 
sary to  the  maintenance  of  a  princely 
household,  Zubeydeh  and  th6  wood-cutter 
took  possession  of  it  during  the  night,  in 
order  that  they  might  not  be  ol^rved 
bjr  the   OalipL     ZnheyMi   bade   the 


wood-cutter  remember  the  promise  he 
had  made  her.  She  still  .retained  her 
own  apartments,  with  a  number  of  fe- 
male slaves  to  attend  her ;.  and  she  now 
presented  to  him,  as  a  harem  becomiiw 
a  prince,  twenty  Circassian  girls,  each 
one  fairer  than  the  morning-star. 

The  next  morning  she  called  the 
wood-cutter,  and  addressed  him  thus: 
"  You  see,  my  lonl,  what  I  have  done  for 
you.  You  remember  in  what  misery  I 
found  you,  and  how,  by  your  fullowins 
my  advice,  every  thing  was  changed.  1 
intend  to  exaltyou  still  higher ;  and  in 
order  that  my  plans  may  not  be  frus- 
tnited,  I  now  ask  you  to  promise  that 
you  will  ol)ey  me  in  all  things  for  a 
month  from  this  time."  Zubeydeh  made 
this  demand,  for  she  knew  how  quickly  a 
change  of  fortune  may  change  a  man's 
character,  and  how  he  will  soon  come  to 
look  upon  that  as  a  right  which  Allah 
granted  him  as  a  boon.  But  the  wood- 
cutter threw  himself  at  her  feet,  and 
said :  ^*  0  queen !  it  is  for  you  to  command, 
and  it  is  for  mo  to  obey.  You  have 
taught  me  understanding  and  wisdom; 
you  have  given  me  the  wccilth  of  kings. 
May  Allah  forget  me,  if  I  forget  to  give 
you,  in  return,  gratitude  and  obedience." 
"  Go,  then,"  continued  Zubeydeh ;  "  mount 
this  horse,  and,  attendo<l  by  twenty  slaves 
on  horseback,  visit  the  coffee-house  in 
the  great  bazaar.  Take  with  thee  a 
purse  of  three  thousand  piect^j  of  gold, 
and  as  thou  goest  on  thy  way,  scatter  a 
handful  occasionally  among  the  beggars. 
Take  thy  seat  in  the  coflee-house,  where 
thou  wilt  see  the  Vizier's  son,  who  is  a 
skilful  player  of  chess.  lie  will  challenge 
the  multitude  to  play  with  him,  and 
when  no  one  accepts,  do  thou  engage  him 
for  a  thousand  pieces  of  gold.  Thou 
wilt  wm,  but  pay  him  the  thousand 
pieces,  as  if  thou  hadst  lost;  gve  two 
hundred  pieces  to  the  master  of  the  cof- 
fee-house, divide  two  hundred  pieces 
among  tne  attendants,  and  scatter  the 
remainder  among  the  bt^ggars." 

The  wood-cutter  performed  all  that 
Zubeydeh  commanded.  He  accepted  the 
challenge  of  the  Vizier's  son,  won  the 
game,  yet  paid  him  a  thousand  pieces  of 
gold,  as  if  he  had  lost,  and  tlien  rode 
buck  to  the  palace,  followed  by  the  accla- 
mations of  the  multitude,  who  were  loud 
in  their  praises  of  his  beauty,  the  elegance 
of  his  speech,  his  unbounded  munificence, 
and  the  splendor  of  his  attendance! 
Every  day  ho  visited  the  cofl'ee-houae, 
gave  two  hundred  pieces  of  gold  to  the 
master,  two  hundred  to  the  servants^ 
and  distributed  six  hundred  among  tho 


1854.] 


Ethiopian  NighU^  EntertainmenU. 


211 


ars.  Bat  the  Vizler'a  son,  orcroome 
with  chagrin  at  hi-s  defeat,  rcmiiined  at 
honic.  where,  in  a  fuvr  days,  he  sickenvd 
and  died.  These  thin;;s  cumin*;  to  the 
Vizier*8  ear,  he  felt  a  great  desire  to  see 
the  fureifoi  prince,  whose  woaltli  and 
fenerosity  were  the  talk  of  all  HA;2:hd:i  \ ; 
and  as  he  believed  himself  to  be  the 
fnvatfst  chesd  pluyer  in  the  world,  he 
deti'nnini.'d  to  cluillt*ii;;e  him  to  a  panic. 
He  theri'U{M>n  visiter  I  the  cotlV^e-house, 
where  hi*  had  not  n.'m.iini'd  Ion*;  when 
the  wiioil -cutter  made  his  apiH.*:u'auce.  in 
cTen  preater  s]jIcndor  than  iK'fure.  This 
waii  in  accordance  with  the  instructions 
of  Ziibev<ieh,  who  was  informed  of  all 
that  hail  taken  place.  He  at  once  ac- 
oepte^l  tlie  Vizier's  challeng:c  to  play,  for 
a  stake  of  two  thousand  pieces  of  pold. 
After  a  hard  Tnipht  t»attle,  the  Vizier  was 
fairly  l^eaten,  but  the  wood-cutler  i)aid 
him  the  two  tho:isand  piecx-s  of  gold,  as 
if  he  had  lo.<:t  the  game,  gave  away  another 
thou>an4l,  as  usual,  and  retired  to  his 
palace. 

Tue  Vizier  took  liis  defeat  ro  much  to 
heart,  that  his  chaprin  combiiicfl  with 
irritrf  for  the  loss  of  his  sun.  currii'd  him 
oS*  ill  a  fvw  days.  This  ciri'uaistnnco 
hr>ii 'hi  th'.-  wliolf  history  to  the  uars  of 
llartiiii  .\1-K.ischi'l  hiniM>lf.  wlio  wu^i  iin- 
iQ-<l.aicly  f<\7x'A  with  a  stnm;:  lU-sire  to 
{•;.»;.•  r-it^-i  wth  the  fircij^n  priiuv.  not 
d  »i)\t\\\\z  hut  that.  :is  In*  h:i>l  :il  wuy*^  licaten 
his  Vizier,  he  woiM  U*  ni'>re  than  a 
m:itc:i  tor  tho  ii'W  iiiii:i'.:>>ii!>t.  Arror- 
diEijiy  hf  .«C'iit  ar.  nffi  i-r  i')  lh»*  jialactr  of 
the  w^Mid-rutUT.  w:ih  a  nii'v-Jane  that  the 
rMiiiiiiaipltT  tjf  thr  K.iithtiil  di'-ir.'-l  to  of- 
frf  III*  ii'>-|»i!a  -.ty  tM  ihi:  ^nii  ol  the  foreign 
kill;;.  Uy  /.nU'vlili'^  a-ivi.-e  he  acci-pttrii 
llu-  invitation,  aipl  the  otlii-er  siK-i'rlily 
r^iirnt-I  lu  lluioiiu  A'i-KuM*hid.  to  whoui 
h»'  ;:.iVf  -ui'h  a  dt.'>iTi|itioM  <;f  the  inu'.;iiiti- 
a-iioc  tif  th».'  U'.'W  pal.i'.'ir.  that  the  Caliph's 
iD'Mith  U-;;i!i  to  watrr.  and  he  exriuiiiu-d  : 
"ISy  Alia'!!!  I  niu>t  look  to  this.  No 
Biin  who  has  ii'»t  the  riii;:  of  ."^'^loinon  on 
h>  tiruiT.  sliall  surpa-s  me  in  luy  o.vn 
**ip  !  j:  1 ''  In  a  Nhort  tiiin.'  tli  ■  vviHul-rui- 
i/T  urriv.-«i,  aitirvl  in  .«u«'h  -pi  !iil«»r  tliat 
'.h-.*  'iay  vi-m.'d  hri^liter  for  hi«J  ap|ie:tr- 
*:»■••  :k>.d  utl<'iidt:<I  hy  fMity  ]>l.uk  -lavrs, 
::,  -Iri-K^t-s  of  rriiii-'oii  silk,  with  tMihaiis 
•-f  '.  l..'.i:  and  polii.  and  p»!«ien  >vvitriU  hy 
::v.r  -:!•-.  Tii»ry  fonneii  a  d'Hihle  row 
:r  .11  i:»<:  ronrt  yaf'l  to  thi.*  ihr'Mn-hall 
wi»»?rL-  the  Calipli  sat.  an<l  U|)  thi-  aveiiu<! 
ihu'.  frriJii'd  tiie  wutnl-riiiur  a'lva;i(!d. 
pfvt^^liHl  by  two  slaves  in  dri--i  i  of 
cluth-if-»ilvcr.  who  phu-ed  at  the  Cal.jifi\ 
ftxt  two  cry^til  goblets  tilled  witfi  nihics 
and  emeralds  of  nuujeij.si*  sue,     Thv  Ca- 


liph,  deliglited  with  tliis  Aupcrb  present 
rose,  embraced  the  supposed  prince,  and 
scate<l  him  by  his  side.  From  the  great 
wealth  displayed  by  the  wood-cutter,  and 
the  ()erfect  grace  and  propriety  of  liia 
maimers,  the  Caliph  suspectc<i  tliat  he 
was  no  less  a  personage  than  the  son  of 
the  King  of  Cathay. 

AftiT  a  handsome  repast  had  been 
served,  the  Caliph  proposed  a  game  of 
ches.s,  stating  that  ho  had  heard  much  of 
the  prince's  skill  in  playing.  "After  I 
filial  I  have  played  with  you.  O  Command- 
er of  the  Faithful ! "  .said  the  wood-cut- 
ter ;  '*  you  will  hear  no  more  of  my  skill." 
The  Caliph  was  ciiariued  with  the  modes- 
ty of  this  speerh,  and  the  coinpliineiit  to 
himself,  ami  tiiey  iininediately  began  to 
play.  The  wootl-cutter,  altliou;:h  he 
might  easily  have  beaten  the  Caliph, 
sutfered  the  latter  to  win  the  first  game, 
which  put  him  into  the  best  humor  |»os- 
sil>le.  Hut  when  the  second  game  had 
been  played,  and  the  w«H)il-cutter  was  the 
victor,  he  |KTa>ived  that  the  Caliph's  face 
liecame  dark,  and  his  goo4l  humor  was 
gone.  '•  You  are  too  gvnerous  to  youi 
servant,  O  Caliph  I"  saitl  he;  ''had* you 
not  given  me  this  success  as  an  encour- 
ageiiieiit,  I  should  have  lost  a  second 
time."'  At  the.<e  wonls  Ilaroun  smiled, 
and  they  pluyed  a  thini  game,  which  the 
wood-cutler  purjjosely  allowed  liiin  to 
win.  .Such  was  tlie  coun.sel  given  to  him 
by  Zuheydeh,  who  said:  "  If  thou  |M>rinit- 
test  him  to  win  the  lirst  game,  he  will  be 
so  well  pli'as^*(l,  that  thou  inay.st  venture 
to  dtl'iMi  hun  (»n  the  .M.'Citnd  game.  Then, 
when  he  has  w«»n  the  ihini  game,  thy 
having  U-en  once  viciori<»Ms  will  magnify 
his  opinii>n  of  his  own  skill ;  for  where  we 
never  suller  defeat,  we  at  last  regard  our 
coii'iue'.ts  with  indillerence." 

Tiie  renult  was  pivcisely  as  ZuU'vdeh 
had  pre'hrie  1.  The  I'alijih  was  ehanned 
with  the  foreign  priiiee,  and  in  a  few  days 
ma«le  him  his  Vizier.  The  w<M)d-nitier 
fiileil  Ills  e.\alt4'il  station  with  dignity  and 
jii<]:;iiii'iit,  and  U-^'aine  at  onee  a  ^reat 
faviiiite  with  tin'  fn'ople  of  Itaglnlad. 
The  month  nf  oImmIii-iicn!  which  he  had 
pioiiiKi'd  to  /lilu'viieh  ItH'i  now  drawing 
t«i  a  ehiM*.  when  she  said  to  him:  "iVase 
to  viNit  the  t.'aliph,  and  do  iii>t  leave  the 
paln-r  hir  two  or  ihrer  days.  Whi-ii  the 
(.'alipli  >"niN  for  thif.  ninrn  fi>r  answer 
that  thou  art  ill.*'  She  f »ri>:hw  thai  the 
Caliph  would  th«n  t*oiiie  to  .see  his  N'izier, 
and  gave  the  w«m)  l-ciitler  coinplelv  in- 
struirtions.  (Miieeniiiig  what  he  should  say 
and  ilo, 

Ilaroun  Al-Ha«*:WuV  wo  VtCkow^t    \\»»kv\ 
of  the  illutis.s  ol'  Vi\&  Viiiwr,  vVau  \v«  '^^i^N* 


212 


Ethiopian  Nights^  UntertcUnments. 


[Aug. 


personally  to  his  palace  to  see  him.  He 
was  amazed  at  the  size  and  splendor  of 
the  edifice.  ''Truly,"  said  he,  striking 
his  hands  together ;  "  this  man  hath 
found  the  ring  of  Solomon,  which  com- 
pels the  assistance  of  the  genii.  In  all 
my  life  I  have  never  seen  such  a  palace  as 
this."  lie  found  the  Vizier  reclining  on  a 
couch  of  cloth-of-gold,  in  a  chamber,  the 
walls  whereof  were  of  mother-of-pearl, 
and  the  floor  of  ivory.  There  was  a 
fountain  of  perfumed  water  in  the  centre, 
and  beside  it  stood  a  jasmine-trcc.  jn^w- 
ing  in  a  vase  of  crystal.  **  How  is  tliis  ?  " 
said  the  Caliph,  seating  himself  on  one 
end  of  the  couch  ;  •*  a  man  whom  the 
genii  serve,  should  have  the  secrets  of 
health  in  his  hands."  *•  It  is  no  fever," 
said  the  Vizier ;  *•  but  the  other  day,  as  I 
was  washing  myself  in  the  fountain,  be- 
fore the  evening  prayer,  I  stooped  too 
near  the  jasmine-tree,  and  one  of  its 
thorns  scratched  my  left  arm."  '•  "What ! " 
cried  the  Caliph,  in  amazement ;  "  the 
scratch  of  a  blunt  jasmine-thom  has  made 
you  ill ! "  "  You  wonder  at  it,  no  doubt, 
0  Commander  of  the  Faithful ! "  said  the 
Vizier ;  '•  because,  only  a  few  months 
ago.  you  saw  that  I  was  insensible  to  the 
fangs  of  a  serpent,  which  had  fastened 
ujwn  my  heel."  *•  There  is  no  God  but 
God  ! "  exclaimed  Haroun  Al-Raschid,  as 
by  these  words  he  recognized  the  poor 
wood-cutter,  who  had  passed  under  the 
window  of  his  palace — "  hast  thou  indeed 
found  the  ring  of  Solomon  ? — and  where 
is  the  woman  whom  Mesrour,  at  my  com- 
mand, brought  to  thee  ? " 

*-She  is  here  !"  said  Zubeydeh.  enter- 
ing the  door.  She  turned  towards  the 
Caliph,  and  slightly  lifting  her  veil,  show- 
ed him  her  face,  more  beautiful  than  ever. 
Haroun,  with  a  cry  of  jo}',  was  on  the 
point  of  clasping  her  in  his  arms,  when  he 
stopped  suddenly  and  said :  "But  thou 
art  now  the  wife  of  that  man."  "  Not  so, 
great  Caliph  ! "  exclaimed  the  Vizier,  who 
rose  to  his  feet,  now  that  there  was  no 
longer  any  need  to  affect  illness ;  "  from 
the  day  that  she  entered  my  house,  I 
have  never  seen  her  face.  By  the  beard 
of  the  Prophet.  Khc  is  not  less  pure  than 
she  is  wise.  It  is  she  who  has  made  me 
all  that  I  am.  Obedience  to  her  was  the 
seed  from  which  the  tree  of  my  fortune 
has  grown."  Zubeydeh  then  knelt  at  the 
Caliph^s  feet,  and  said :  ^'  0  Commander 
of  the  Faithful,  restore  me  to  the  light  of 
your  favor.  I  swear  to  you  that  I  am  not 
less  your  wife  than  when  the  cloud  of  your 
anger  overshadowed  me.  This  honorable 
man  has  never  ceased  to  respect  me.  My 
thoughtless  words  led  you  to  send  me 


forth  to  take  the  place  of  the  serpent,  but 
I  have  now  shown  you  that  a  wife  may 
also  be  to  her  husband  as  the  staff,  where- 
on he  leans  for  support;  as  the  camel, 
which  bringeth  him  riches ;  as  the  tentj 
which  shelters  and  protects  him  ;  as  the 
bath,  which  maketh  him  comely  ;  and  as 
the  lamp,  whereby  his  steps  are  enlight- 
ened." 

Haroun  Al-Raschid  had  long  since  bit- 
terly repented  of  his  rashness  and  cruelty. 
He  now  saw  in  what  had  happened  the 
hand  of  Allah,  who  had  turned  that 
which  he  liad  intended  as  a  punishment, 
into  a  triumph.  He  restored  Zubeydeli 
at  once  to  his  favor,  and  to  the  wood-cut- 
ter, whom  he  still  retained  as  Vizier,  he 
gave  his  eldest  daughter  in  marriage.  All 
the  citizens  of  Baghdad  took  part  in  the 
festivities,  which  lasted  two  weeks,  and 
the  Caliph,  to  commemorate  his  gratitude, 
built  a  su])erb  mosque,  which  is  called  the 
Mosque  of  the  Restoration  to  this  very 
day.  The  Vizier  nobly  requited  all  the 
pains  which  the  Sultana  Zubeydeh  had 
taken  with  his  education,  and  showed  so 
much  wi.sdom  and  justice  in  his  adminis- 
tration of  the  laws,  that  the  Caliph  never 
had  occasion  to  ho  dissatisfied  with  him. 
Thus  they  all  lived  together  in  the  ut- 
most happiness  and  concord,  until  they 
were  each,  in  turn,  visited  by  the  Termi- 
nator of  Delights  and  the  Separator  of 
Companions." 

So  ended  Achmet's  story ;  but  without 
the  moonlight,  the  tall  Ethiopian  palms 
and  the  soothmg  pipe,  as  accessories,  I 
fear  that  this  reproduction  of  it  retains 
little  of  the  charm  which  I  found  in  the 
original.  It  was  followed  by  other  and 
wilder  tales,  stamped  in  every  part  with 
the  unmistakable  signet  of  the  Orient 
They  were  all  characterized  by  the  belief 
in  an  inevitable  destiny,  which  seems  to 
be  the  informing  soul  of  all  Oriental  liter- 
ature. This  belief  affords  every  liberty 
to  the  poet  and  romancer,  and  the  Arabic 
autitors  have  not  scrupled  to  make  liberal 
use  of  it.  There  is  no  hazard  in  sur- 
rounding your  hero  with  all  sorts  of  real 
and  imaginary  dangers,  or  in  heaping  up 
obstacles  in  the  path  of  his  designs,  when 
you  know  that  his  destiny  obliges  him  to 
overcome  them.  He  becomes,  for  the 
time,  the  imi)orsonation  of  Fate,  and  cir- 
cumstances yield  before  him.  You  see, 
plainly,  that  he  was  cho.<^n  in  the  begin- 
ning to  do  the  very  thing  which  he  ac- 
complishes in  the  end.  If  a  miracle  is 
needed  for  his  success,  it  is  not  withheld. 
Difficulties  crowd  upon  him  to  the  last^ 
only  that  the  final  triumph  may  be  more 
complete  and    striking.     Yet  with   all 


1854.] 


The  Last  Poet  Out. 


213 


these  rioUtions  of  probability,  the  Orien- 
tal taleis  exhibit  a  pvat  fertility  of  inven- 
tion, ami  sparkle  with  touches  of  genuine 
human  nature.  The  deep  and  absorbing 
intcrt^st  with  which  the  unlettered  Arabs 
listen  to  their  recital, — the  hold  which 
they  have  upon  the  popular  heart  of  the 
Ka>t — attests  their  ralue,  as  illustrations 
if  Kastem  life. 

From  Poetry  we  frequently  pa5i.sed  to 
lU'lipon.  and  Achinct  was  astonished  to 
tin*l  mc  familiar  not  only  with  Mahomet, 
but  with  All  and  .\b<]ullah  and  Abu-talib, 
and  with  many  incidents  of  the  prophet's 
life  which  were  new  to  him.  The  Persian 
chronicles  were  fresh  in  my  memory,  and 


all  the  wonders  related  of  Mahomet  by 
that  solomn  old  biographer.  Mohammed 
Bekr,  came  up  again  as  vividly  as  when 
I  first  read  them.  We  compared  notes, 
he  repeated  passages  of  the  Koran,  and 
so  the  Giaour  and  the  True  Believer  dis- 
cussed the  nature  of  their  faith,  but  al- 
ways endetl  by  passing  beyond  prophet 
and  apostle,  to  the  one  great  and  good 
God,  who  is  equally  merciful  to  all  men. 
I  could  sincerely  adopt  the  first  article  of 
his  faith:  'la'niah  it,  Allah.''—'' There 
is  no  God  but  Gtwl,"  while  he  was  equally 
rvady  to  accept  the  first  commandment 
of  mine. 


THE    LAST    POET    OUT. 


/.yrM-4  ^y  UU  Letter  K    Kew  Tork:    Dcrbjr. 

Cf.'KXK.  a  sf)lc*mn  office.  Two  cli-rks  in 
^3  the  distant  seate<l  on  high  stools  at  a 
spacious  double  desk,  writing;  assiduously. 
An  inner  nKrn.  w:thd  »or  i':irtiaMycl'sed. 
thr<fu:;h  whose  dull  glass  panels  one  can 
•-atirh  a  glimpse  uf  the  cloudy  form  of  the 
.rcat  publisher  enthn»ne«l  within,  re  vol  v- 
:i.'  ui  his  august  mind  tlie  flt'stiiiies  of 
}r»  ts  Kntcr.  author;  not  timidly  and 
wish  unriTtain  glaiun:  as  of  nld.  Imt  with 
•juntidt.'nt  fu<*e,  jaunty  swu<:;;t'i  and  dcliant 
4t«:'p-.  A  pa|if.T  larcel  in  his  hand,  and 
With  unfaltering  ftK)t,  he  iii.'irclifS  Intldly 
mt'i  the  very  heart  of  the  publi-^herVs 
iianctuin. 

What  daring  man  is  ho.  thus  to  tread 
with  hfv<lless  foot,  the  awful  soil  on 
which  Johnson,  Savage.  K«ats  and  Dry- 
iJen  tn-mbK-d  !  Has  the  Jupit<T  of  print 
no  terrors  for  him  ?  Is  Ik;  a  Titan  of 
Uiought  thus  to  scale  so  fcarle-iNly  the 
empyreal  heights  of  the  crowneil  monanrh 
of  copy-right  ?  Sure  no  rruninon  man 
would  dare  to  stalk  with  s<:)  careless  a  front 
through  those  hallo we<l  regions.  He  ap- 
proaches the  publisher,  appan'ntly  un- 
oonscious  of  his  divinity.  .Spreads  out 
his  wares  before  him,  as  if  the  whole 
thing  were  a  business  matter  ;  exjatiates 
on  their  merits,,  explains  this  [passage, 
rails  attention  to  that,  reads  another 
aloud,  and  out-Jupiters  the  Jupiter. 
The  Jupiter  nods,  lie  hums  and  haws. 
He  ru  flies  the  poems — for  they  are  poems, 
or  pasji  as  such — with  his  hand,  and  mut- 
ters something  alraut  "  Poetry  lieing  a 
drug.*'  Tho  author  laughs  the  insinu- 
atkm  to  soom.    Poetry  never  stooil   so 


high  before.  liOok  at  Tennysim,  liOng- 
fellow.  Smith.  The  Ixjtter  A.  Don't  they 
sell  ?  He  rather  thinks  they  do.  And 
with  such  examples  before  him,  shall  he 
suffer  Ills  p»etic  fire  to  be  hidden  under 
the  bu>hel  uf  neglect  ?  Noverl  ITu  will 
publish  or  expire  in  the  attempt.  The 
publisher  refers  mysteriously  to  '*tlie 
gentleman  who  reads  for  him."  He 
knows  nothing  of  these  matters  himself; 
he  is  nothing  more  than  a  liusiness  man. 
but  he  will  consult  the  aforesaid  gentle- 
inaii  oil  tlie  matter.  Tho  author  smiles 
ronlideiitly  as  he  assents  to  this  (nmifsc. 
Then'  i-an  )h)  little  doubt  of  what  that 
g»*nt]einaii's  opinion  will  Ik»,  The  pie<vs 
aLoul  to  be  submitted  tti  his  judgment 
liave  all  lifen  piibli>.he<l  S4'{>:irately  in  the 
Mi<>isHippi  llaft  of  Free<h)m.  autl  been 
fully  eiidoiMMl  by  the  approval  of  a  dis- 
ceniin;:  piiblir.  He  intrusts  the  jiarcid 
theref«>re  to  the  publisher  with  a  lofty  air, 
and  withdraws  to  call  again  in  a  week. 
We  think  that  publisher  with  all  his  dig- 
nity and  powi.T  must  \ni  an  unhappy  man. 
"NVhat  an  awful  ros{>onsibility  rests  ujkui 
his  shoulders  I  "With  wliat  terrible  can.'s 
is  he  burdened  I  On  his  tables  day  after 
day,  are  laid  volumes  of  ridiriilous  verses 
alioiit  whose  publication  ]KTtina<'ioiis  {KX'ts 
[>eriodically  persecute  him.  Now  man  is 
hut  mortal,  and  though  mi^'^^t  publishers 
have  a  wholesome  and  well -foun< led  hor- 
ror of  jKx'try  in  gi'neral,  they,  like  other 
pe4)plc.  must  have  their  inonieuts  of  weak- 
nes.s.  We  think  that  some  such  S(vne  as 
we  have  ju»it  descrilK-d,  must  have  pre- 
ceded the  publication  of  the  volume  under 
our  fonsidorat khi.    Mr .  \) vitV^-  \vi>3LA >mx^ 


214 


7%/  Last  Poet  Out 


[Aug. 


hcon  taken  unawares  in  wme  soft  mo- 
ment. The  author  was  imperious,  the 
publisher  yielding:,  and  the  result  has 
been,  ••  Lyrics  by  the  letter  •  II.'  " 

The  title  is  suppcstive — of  a  Tolume 
piiblisluHl  some  time  since  in  London, 
calk'd  ••  Poems  by  '  A  ; '  "  the  contents  arc 
suggestive  of  several  persons  occupying 
res|)ecta)»le  positions  in  the  world  of  let- 
ters. **  II  "  has  evidently  l>eon  a  litorary 
whirlipir.  tuniinp;  to  a  different  point  witn 
e%-ery  fresh  breeze.  His  |)oetical  chanpes 
are  dislractinp.  Now  he  is  alliicted  with 
a  fn'nzie*!  desire  to  be  a  sc.»cond  Bon 
OaultiiT,  on  the  next  pape  he  is  squinu- 
injr  with  vain  eflbrts  to  emulate  the 
author  of  **Miss  Kilmansc'rjr."  Farther 
on,  under  the  shield  of  panuly,  he  rifles 
poor  Poe  of  his  metres. .  Here  and  there 
we  find  an  echo  of  Tom  Moore's  elepant 
barclianalism ;  while  Charles  Mackay 
and  Samuel  Lover  seem  to  have  contract- 
ed for  the  rest  of  the  volume.  We  would 
not  for  worlds  deny  to  "11 "  that  he  may 
have  his  sphere.  He  may  write  prose 
exct^llently.  He  may  be  one  of  *'  the 
Berkelji  men,"  or  even  the  author  of  the 
Scarlet  Ix?tter  ;  in  short,  an  excee^linply 
clever  fellow  in  a  hundrwl  ways ;  our  ex- 
ception is  alone  taken  to  his  writing 
Poetry — and  publishing  it. 

"  H  "  may  not  be  aware  that  there  are 
certain  mental  and  physical  elements  ne- 
cessary to  the  formation  of  a  poet.  iSome 
imagination  is  usually  required.  Strength 
and  boldness  arc  not  objectionable.  A 
knowledge  of  either  external  or  internal 
life,  or  lK)th  unitefl,  is  of  some  advantage, 
while  dramatic  tire,  and  an  enthusiasm 
for  the  beautiful,  add  considerably  to  the 
excellence  of  the  poetic  writer.  Now  these 
qualities  are  not  kept  bottled  up  at  the 
stationers,  to  be  bought  with  one's  pens. 
An  ordinary  man  cannot  sit  down  and 
pump  poetry  out  of  himself;  an  English 
banker  once  showed  the  world  what 
could  be  done  by  perseverance  and  cul- 
tivation ;  but  although  public  astonish- 
ment at  such  achievements  in  a  business 
man,  was  for  a  while  so  loud  as  almost  to 
counterfeit  fame,  the  moneyed  author  soon 
sank  to  his  proper  level  of  an  elegant  man 
of  letters,  with  much  taste  and  no  genius. 
Without  even  the  slight  qualifications 
of  cultivation  and  elegance,  ^*  II "  has 
nevertheless  rushed  into  print.  The 
pieces  with  which  he  presents  us  have,  we 
believe,  been  nearly  all  published  before 
in  the  columns  of  various  newspapers,  for 
which  place  they  were  doubtless  suffi- 
ciently lively,  but  in  which  place  they 
ought  to  have  remained.  We  look  in 
▼ain  through  this  volume  for  any  evi- 


dence of  imaginatk>n  or  taste.  The  paro- 
dies, are  even  more  vulgar  thui  parodies 
usually  are,  and  the  serious  poems  are 
either  bad  echoes  of  other  and  better 
strains,  or  are  incomprehensible  nonsense. 
In  a  j)oem  on  the  unhacknej-ed  subject  of 
"Time,"  we  find  the  following  cabalistic 
lines : 

*•  The  gny  rock  of  ace,  whose  peak 
Time's  mounting  billows  turfft  and  seek.** 

On  reading  this,  one  is  led  to  indulge  in 
a  little  grammatical  reflection.  What 
does  "  surge  '  govern  ?  clearly  it  governs 
the  noun  "  peak."  This  verse  therefore 
throws  a  new  light  on  the  nature  of  peaks 
in  general.  People  are  apt  to  connect  the 
idea  of  a  peak  and  solidity  together.  The 
peak  of  Tenor i  He  for  instance.  "  II " " 
however  seems  to  have  a  geological  theory 
on  the  subject  which,  might  astonish  even 
the  author  of  the  "  Vestiges."  Billows 
surge  peaks,  consequently  peaks  must  be 
ratlier  light,  corky  affairs,  that  go  floating 
like  amber  about  upon  the  crests  of  the 
ocean. 

The  very  next  poem  is  of  that  peailiar 
order  in  which  the  wit  consists  of  writing 
five  or  six  very  serious  verses  on  a  given 
subject.  an<l  in  the  very  last  line  of  the 
poem  introducing  an  atrocious  vi^garism. 
It  is  entitled  -^the  liall-roem  Belle." 
The  |)oet  first  enters  on  a  description  of 
the  lad}'  in  question.  She  wears  satin 
slippers  and  Limerick  Ince.  Why  Lime- 
rick ?  As  a  member  of  th(j  onler  of  Know 
Nothings  we  put  the  question.  The  por- 
trait goes  on  after  this  fashion  : 

Her  hair  woa  brown,  or  gt^den. 

It  chanL'ed,  as  ftsll  the  lig:l>t, 
Her  boilico  si'arco  could  hold  In 

Her  b<>5om'fl  lioavinf;  white, 
Her  eyw  weri»  tmy  and  morry 

As  a  fiuntntn  In  the  shaile. 
And  her  voice  was  sweet  and  cheery, 
As  the  thooglits  that  it  conveyed. 

This  delicious  creature  goes  on  to  danoe^ 
and  having  probably  ^aten  too  much 
chicken  salad  at  supper,  the  exercise  does 
not  agree  with  her,  for  her  appearance  calls 
forth  from  the  |)oet  an  inquiry  as  to  the 
state  of  her  health. 

**  Then  she  with  timid  glaneea. 

From  lips  09  noeet  a»  thymn, 
Beplled— *  tliose  Eastern  dances 

III  suit  our  Western  dime ; 
Could  you— It  might  relieve  me— >* 

(I  roee  upon  the  hint)— 
A  glass  of  water  give  me, 

With  aglasB  of  Bbandt  In*!?** 

There!  isn*t  that  touching?  Isn't thsfc 
poetry  ?  Isn't  that  the  sort  of  thing  to 
bind  up  in  a  neat  Yolome  and  issue  at 


1854.] 


The  Latt  Poet  Out. 


215 


WTcnty-five  rents  to  a  tnistin":  public? 
What  wit  I  what  spirit  I  what  HcjrJinco  ! 
We  pH'siime '•  II '*  has  sct-n  Hon  (laul- 
ti<?r'»i  panxly  on  the  Queen  of  the  May, 
wliirh.  HftiT  a  nnnilMT  of  sweet  verses, 
conclmles  witli  tlic  pros:uc  request, 

**  I>raw  me  a  mas  nf  beer,  M<*tlier, 
And  MoUifr :  ilraw  it  iiilM!  " 

Wc  merely  presume  he  has  seen  it, 
f«raii<e  t!iere  is  that  family  likeness  be- 
twt^-n  llie  two  poems,  that  siiL'qrests  a 
«^n*rul  St  inly  on  llie  part  of  •'  II  "  of  that 
pf^il  master  of  pannly.  In«Jpire«l  hy  so 
glorious  an  example,  for  true  p-nius  is 
always  infectious,  we  have  almost  in- 
Yoluntarily  clashecl  off  the  following  stan- 
sas  as  a  pendant  to  "  the  Helle  of  the 
Ball-room."     They  are  entitle*!, 

rni  AMOKL  or  thb  amemblt. 

I  met  her  at  thtr  ClilncM>  K«Mlm^ 

She  wiiTf  a  mn-a'h  <if  n«M^ 
Btje  malkril  in  Unuty  like  the  nicht, 

ili-r  hri'atb  «'iia  like  Kwi'i't  |k»Ii>a. 

I  IM  h<^r  thrviiiL'h  the  fi-^tnl  Hall. 

H.'r  slamv  wti*  Nift  and  ton<!ir ; 
Rh-  whi*hrr<l  trimly  In  my  ear, 

■^SaT!   MiMR —ALf 't  tiiia  a  UKNDCaf" 

Our  watch  is  lyin^c  on  the  table,  and 
we  tiii'l  on  consultinjr  that  faithful  chro- 
mmeter  that  tlic  comi»osition  of  the  fore- 
*iiin*  cJiannin?  poem  occupies  1  us  exactly 
one  mifinte.  au'l  three  si'C<>n<ls.  We  ran 
theri-f«»re  safely  reronimen<l  it  to  su<'h  of 
iMir  r<*."»t!ers.  a-*  may  lie  atllicte<l  with  a 
'ac*t*thrM  acrilienili,  as  a  style  in  which 
tlf^ino'  is  romhine»l  with  rapidity,  and 
ea<«  with  oriifinality. 

.\«  a  l4i#rhanal.  "  II  **  is  one  of  the 
xno-i  r»mtra<lictory  individuals  we  have 
*ver  met  In  a  Sfmj  calked  "A  Winter 
I.yrM*."  he  is  painfully  anxious  to  have 
dau-t.ns  brimnnn;;  over  with  ruby  wine, 
to  rliiik  to  the  glasses,  in  short,  as  he 
brwtly  but  rather  sensually  sums  it  up. 
he  rvq«iires  "  dice  and  drinkini: — wine  and 
women/'  Thou;rh  ap])arently  we<Med  to 
Iho^  iinproiHT  sentiments,  we  lin»l  never- 
th*']f'-:-i  a  few  pajr»*s  farther  on  a  tidal  re- 
f-^miitiotj  in  his  desires  au'l  habits.  He 
fta-*  Mpldenly  forsworn  "  llasons.'''  and 
■  ruby  wine."  clinking  plassts.  and  ladies 
'if  un''*'rtain  morals,  for  he  rails  enthu- 
*.ia>'«lically  to  the  waiter  after  this  fjishion : 

"  Glr«  m«  a  /vn7  of  o<v«an  brine. 
And  All  tiie  f'^aktr  to  thi*  bniiil" 

Wc  ran  imajrine  tin'  a'zony  of  the  Iridi 
•V«m«^tic  at  Windu»4t's.  on  U-inj:  thu<  ad- 
drt^*«H.  Wc  have  a  vivid  pirture  of  that 
posM  functionary  seeking  out  the  pro- 
pnelor  id  order  to  inform  him.  that  '*  a 


strange  gintleman  in  number  two,  wants 
salt  an'  wather  wid  his  vittles,"  whorc- 
U|>on  the  worthy  proprietor,  never  at  a 
loss,  immediately  sends  up  a  bottle  of  his 
Ix'st  Hock.  We,  however,  who  are  all- 
knowing,  see  through  this  ruse.  II.  G  — , 
or  some  other  propliet  of  tern jK'ra nee,  was 
seated  in  the  next  box,  and  in  surh  a 
neiirhl)orhoo<l,  "  II "  durst  not  call  for  his 
u»iual  bottle  of  Asmanliausi>n.  He  l>c- 
tbinks  himself  of  a  way  to  escape  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  ajwstle,  and  at  the  same  lime 
earn  for  himself  an  undying  reputation  for 
triu|X'ran<v.  So  he  shouts  to  the  waiter 
in  a  stentorian  voice,  for  the  benefit  of  his 
neigh  l>or, 

**  Olve  mo  a  pail  of  ocean  brine ! " 

But  adds,  immediately  in   a   whisper, 
audible  only  to  the  Hil»emian  vassal, 
*•  And  nil  the  hmker  to  the  brim.** 

Thereliy  meaning  either  a  stiff  glass  of 
brandy,  or  a  lK)ttle  of  Ijis  favorite  ruby 
wine.  This  interpretation,  is,  we  thinlc, 
perfectly  natural.  It  is  self-evident  in- 
dewl,  if  wc  examine  the  poem.  He  de- 
mands a  |)ail  in  one  line.  In  the  next  he 
wishes  the  l>eaker  to  be  filled.  Now  as  a 
pail  and  a  l>eaker  are  two  distinct  vessels, 
not  (o  l>e  confoimrled  togi-ther  in  any  way, 
we  must  look  ujion  the  two  n^fpiests  as 
separate  orders,  one  meant  for  the  publi(r, 
the  other  for  the  private  ear  of  the  ob- 
se(piious  siTvitor. 

'J'hat  •'  H  ''  at  this  period  drank  some- 
thing strcMijrcr  and  more  heady  than  ocean 
brine,  is  fully  .*»hown,  by  the  maimer  in 
wliich.  some  lines  farther  on,  he  reverses 
the  ojKTJitions  of  nature.  The  idea  is  just 
such  a  one  as  might  emanate  from  a  man 
who  difl  not  know  whether  he  was  stand- 
ing on  bis  hea<l  or  his  hwls.  He  says, 
alluding  we  presume  to  the  beauty  of  the 
night,  when  he  was  standing  near  a  lamp- 
lK)st  with  his  hat  oil': 

••  On  such  an  rvc  was  Voniw  born 
When*  <*yjirla>«h«»rclhe  bliif  tl<lelaTe««." 

Then*  is  in  the  la^t  line  a  sublime  in- 
vcr'^ion  of  the  usual  ("cjurse  of  things. 
('nmm«»n-pla<v  fKX-ts  gfneially  make  the 
blue  tide  lave  llie  >hore.  but  '•  H/'  dis- 
(laining  surh  an  rvery  day  procii'ding. 
grandly  makes  the  shun*  lave  the  blue 
tidr.  The  wonl  "lave"  being  derive«l 
from  a  Latin  verl).  signifying  "  to  wa.sh,*- 
.idmirably  expresses  the  umi.i1  action  of 
ibe  vhon'  towards  the  si-a. 

"  H  's''  jihiloxiphy  is  flearly  os  singidar 
as  his  physies.  We  would  like  to  call  at- 
tention to  a  fine  verse  rontaiiu'd  in  a  lyric 
whi<rh  is  entitled,  *  A  College  Song."  It 
runs  as  follows: 


216 


The  Last  Poet  Out. 


[Aug. 


"  Comnulcjil  while  the  earth  An  altrrs, 
Wintry  fri>rt  anM  hloMimi  ^priiii^, 

FiNilIdh  lie  who  ilonbtff  and  faltofs; 
PloaAure  lilts  on  rapid  wing. — 
Sclzo  It  en.'  voa  feel  tin-  ating ! 

Bow  yuiir  lioart  to  iWi^tlonV  altans 
Lt't  your  soul  Uh  Incense  flliip, 

Ere  the  tdldod  pasiMl  falters 
Krc  you  feel  tlie  hidden  xtlncr. 
Of  the  wlug !  ** 

It  will  be  remarked  from  the  ul>ove- 
((uotcfl  verse,  that  "  U  's"  philosophy  is  of 
a  rapid  character.  A  "  touch-and-pj" 
sort  of  theory  of  life.  Xo  nonsensical 
lingering  al)Ove  the  sad  spots.  The  roses 
of  joy  wither  quickly ;  let  us  seize  them 
ere  they  fade.  The  sun  is  soon  over- 
shadowed, so  we  ought  to  make  our  little 
bundle  of  hay  while  he  shines.  All  that's 
bright  must  fade,  so  let  us  pawn  our  Ger- 
man silver  .spoons  before  they  get  tar- 
nished, and  give  a  dinner  witli  the  money. 
Time,  and  i)eath.  and  Age,  and  all  that 
sort  of  thing,  will  Vje  here  in  a  jiffy,  so 
our  only  plan  is  to  eat  till  we  are  sur- 
feited, to  drink  till  we  are  drunk,  to  love 
till  we  are  cloyed,  before  their  arnval  in 
the  down  train.  These  arc  the  sixKiies  of 
images  used,  and  doctrines  inculcated  by 
t!ie  poets  of  the  fast  school.  They  are 
iontiiiually  downing  care  i:i  brmyiing 
beakers,  and  seizing  joy  as  he  flies.  Roses 
form  a  great  f)Ortion  of  tlie  "  properties  " 
of  these  bards.  They  wreath  bowls  with 
them  continually,  and  are  addicted  to 
binding  them  round  their  temples.  We 
feel  somewhat  indebted,  however,  to  '^II." 
for  introducing  a  little  new  machinery  into 
this  sjiecies  of  lyric.     lie  says : 

**  Bow  your  heart  to  posMon'a  altara, 

I^t  your  soul  ita  incense  ding, 
Ere  the  gilded  pagod/alUrif.^ 

This  last  line,  we  cannot  say  we  com^ 
prehend  very  clearly.  We  used  to  have 
long  ago  rather  a  clear  idea  of  a  pa- 
god.  We  reganled  it  as  something  between 
a  porcelain  old  man.  with  a  large  stomach 
and  long  moustaches,  and  a  lofty  tower 
with  tiers  of  corners  like  a  German 
student's  cap,  from  which  numberless 
little  bells  dangled  and  jangled,  while  the 
walls  were  made  of  the  most  beautiful 
china,  painted  all  over  with  landscapes  out 
of  perspective.  Wo  must  have  been 
wrong,  however,  for  here  we  find  the 
pagod  "gilded,"  and  also  likely  to  falter. 
A  pagod.  then,  must  be  a  living  thing, 
with  weak  nerves,  usually  dressed  in  gold 
leaf.  It  will  tAc  us  a  long  time  to  get 
thoroughly  reconciled  to  this  new  image. 

In  the  next  line  of  the  same  verse,  wo 
meet  with  rather  a  curious  fact.  Ilavuig 
told  us  that  we  must  fling  our  soul's  in- 


cense ere  the  gilded  pagod  falters,  ho  adds 
also,  that  it  were  well  to  do  it, 

**  Ere  yon  feel  the  atlnfc. 

Of  the  wing!  ** 

This  is  a  desperate  slap  in  the  face  for 
our  old  theory  of  stinps.  We  have  a 
vivid  recollection  of  wasps'  stingrs.  >)ees' 
stings,  and  we  have  read  something  about 
.»jrorpi(>ns'  stings,  but  none  of  these  stings 
were  located  in  the  wing  •  they  lay  some- 
where else.  If  *'  11 "  has  really  discovered 
any  insect  with  a  sting  so  curiously  situ- 
ated, from  which  he  has  drawn  his  novel 
image,  we  would  seriously  recommend 
him  to  communicate  the  fact  to  some 
entomological  society^  a"d  have  no  doubt 
but  that  he  will  be  hand.somely  rewarded 
for  his  trouble. 

But  we  are  weary  of  all  this.  Having 
laughed  so  long,  it  is  time  for  us  to  become 
indignant.  To  demand  of*  II"  by  what 
authority  he  published  this  volume. 
Whether  it  was  his  own  vanity,  or  the 
"desire  of  friends,"  that  induced  the 
collection,  and  isstiing  in  book-form  of 
these  trashy  newspajM-T  squibs  ?  From  the 
beginning  to  the  end  there  is  not  a  single 
fresh  spot  on  which  the  mind  can  repose 
witl;  pleasure  Tht  re  is  nothing  to  charm, 
nothing  to  teach  in  this  volume.  Every 
poem  in  it  is  reminiscent  of  the  past  poem.<( 
of  better  writi-rs ;  faint  transfers  from 
spirited  originals. 

We  cannot  help  feeling  melancholy  in 
the  end,  when  we  meet  such  volumes. 
We  cannot  help  wondering  if  ever  again 
we  shall  hail  a  poet  American  born.  The 
unborn  volumes  that  yet  lie  sleeping  in 
Lowell's  brain,  are  no  con.solation  to  us, 
The  hope  of  what  Longfellow,  Stoddard, 
and  Read  may  accomplish  in  a  few  years 
more,  brings  no  solace  with  it.  We  want 
a  new  poet.  A  sudden,  s])ontaneous, 
Minerva-born  poet;  one  about  whom, 
when  ho  sings,  there  shall  be  no  doubt. 
Not  drunk  with  youth  and  animal  life 
like  Alexander  Smith,  whose  genius  is  but 
the  blood-fever  of  twenty  ;  not  the  result 
of  a  college  and  classical  father,  like  the 
Arnolds' ;  not  the  offspring  of  the  ill- 
advised  praise  of  turgid  critics,  like  Mr. 
Sydney  Yendys ;  neither  do  we  want  a 
Tennysonian  poet.  Though  Tennyson 
must  ever  be  the  great  type  of  that  .sub- 
tlety of  thought,  which  so  eminently  dis- 
tinguishes the  poetry  of  the  present  age  ; 
nor  a  Byronic  i)oet,  nor  a  Mooreish  poet. 
But  we  want  a  great  American  poet,  who 
shall  speak  grandly  to  us,  and  whose 
nature  shall  be  veined  with  the  aspects, 
customs,  and  instincts  of  his  country. 
There  is  an  opening  for  such  a  young 


iwt] 


Eiiionai  I^aUi — Amifkim  Liftmiure. 


M 


aafr«-irliO    will    t»ko    adT«nt»ge 

Ko*  Uie  letter  IL  We  ctn  bold  out  no 
s  to  Ibil  iniperMfTml  iiR'ml>er  uf  thi« 
fcWl,  of  I'vrr  iNX-ii|tyiti»r  a  |»n)Tniin!nt 
:i(m  ifi  our  litonttiu-c.    If  he  m  young, 

►  wmM  scriouj^ljT  »dvi»c  htm   la  turn 

uttrattion    to  sottivthin^  else    thiiu 

»t  I  tflie  ii  dct|  oar  advice  iriU   b« 


enperflyous.  Tor  tmie  will  dry  up  tho 
Ton u tarn,  W*  shiiU  atw^ajft  hiro  much 
plcfts-iirc  m  Uwking  ot»  the  li^ttcr  H  as  *ii 
exc<?fkml  aspirate^  ?o  long  ns  ho  *1f^«5  not 
tt^ptre  to  be  thought  a  poet*  It  ik  an  im* 
forlunato  Icttt-r  in  lit<?Ritur«* ;  even  Cbjtrl«fl 
Ldinli's  ^fyhifi.  hiM  him  when  ho  wrote 
\m  litiiednLinftof  'Mr.  U/' 


EDITORIAL   NOTES. 


tITIBATUEB, 
iMUit^^t  WM  wtllv  nf»  <?sp€cU- 
l-^  ti«Dg  ititer^atod   tbut  we  ojicned 
^iiist&r^  Iff   mtnoW    by    u  lute 
•nor  f^tthtl  Slat\*,  Thom*'^  FoftD^  bo- 
I  W9  ilid  not  supprtft*  th&t  the  expc- 
t  nC  m  n**w  iifid  disitttnt  i  comnn>n- 
S  inticb  matter  for  % 
ok  Coiin*!  ourselves  nu/*- 

■  \\  nn>  iiici dents  niwriited| 
Ibe  n:irnittifjn,    clicttLnl  a 
I -id/    atlenlKiU.      Governor 
I  my*  in  the' pre  fuel;,  **ilb  A  p>o*ldcaJ 
*  talvH^,  AM  Wrll  *5  truth,   th&t   ''the 
iil#  wf  Aocli  A  {government  sts  tbut  of 
I  the  men  of  its  history,  must 
iHf  \m  ftiatttfrji  of  ^niail  inti?rei^t  io 
d^m\  ''  but  hi!i  *dtK  '*  that  a^  his^ 
Wj  i*  |i^Mto«Di>hj  trarhing  by  cxatnplctit, 
tamr  itmdk  liy  irnidl  as  vrclt  as  largio 
Bik**     **  Obar rvatjott  of  the  cur»ouM  hniy* 
iid  tmmtl  ifiin^tJi  has  ihrt:iwn  itj?  li^dit 
w,  im  much  jm  tho  dtsscctjon  of 
I  «lr|ikai)t ;  tlierdbn^  if  any  one  b  cu^ 
M  tu  i0t  what  very  great  thing?*  may 
kbt  illtt»irmtcd  by  f«ry  tiiritH  niatterH^  thta 
•k  wtll  pri^  him  jiom«  aid.    The  au- 
r   Uan    WTittcn    ahotit    jimalt    ev^nbi 
ItlUe  mrti,   for  t^ro  reaaxmit;   flrat^ 
wifl  nolhtng  tins  io  Ih*  hktory  o^ 
to  irntc  about  I  tail,  Mooftdlyp 
f  Hnall  mattrii  Mcmd  b«ftt  cilouui- 
tl»  QluAirAie  vhiftt  1m  wmiad  10  pto- 

\    It.  -T,** 

Qoi«ni  ^4  ft  r«sid«iit  of  Itll- 

^(H  up  to  tbo  time  of 
he  attFfHied  the  flrat 
I  of  I  %  iad  irt« 

Bl  a  I  A  ard*,  from 


Mtt,  btti  bff  liiiiaMtfJIjrm^rf  m  an  actar 


on  many  important  occasfons,  nis  his^ 
tory  wais  written  after  his  retirement  from 
office,  and  on  bia  death- bed  committefl 
to  the  cure  of  the  Hoik  Jatne^}  ^tudds, 
of  the  rnit^l  States  Senate,  under  whosa 
supervision  it  ha»  been  printetl.  The 
senator  rn  his  brief  introduction  touchcfi 
it  d&tDtily,  regretting  even  *■  the  severity 
of  some  of  the  authorVs  judgment  and 
the  censure  with  whieh  he  ajisaijg  the 
chamcters  of  some  of  our  public  men," 
but  what  th«  senator  regrets,  the  publio 
will  rejoice  in,  Viecau^  it  m  written  in 
evident  honeiiity  and  independence.  Wo 
cannot  fiay^  how  true  the  ^tatemciiU  of 
the  tiuthor  may  be,  but  we  know  that  wo 
havci  read  thetn  with  dthj;!it  nnd  profit* 

The  biMtory  bei^ins  wjrh  I  he  ctlVirt*t  of 
the  first  settlers  of  the  territory  to  get 
adtnitteil  into  the  Union^  and  then  pii,S8(9i 
to  the  tirj^t  orpiniztttion  of  the  gorera- 
iiient,  ^y\m%  by  the  way  a  lively  ai^oount 
of  the  French  villageSj  the  early  preach- 
er^  and  the  leiufiiug  nion,  and  aeiieribiijg 
it  length  the  protraeted  t<trugj*le  betwf^u 
tb«  prv-tlftvery  and  anti>«Iavei7  fticUoofl^ 
wha«e  ttruggios  resulted  in  the  pcrma* 
nent  «ftablbhinent  of  Ulinou  fta  a  frv« 
State*  Emigrants  io  Kansas  and  Nebra»* 
ka  would  do  well  to  rtul  this  part  of  th« 
work  in  order  to  Pihow  lt«em  bow  much^ 
can  be  dotie  by  a  few  i^pirit^^  and  det^« 
mined  men*  It  is  a  curious  fael  that  thera 
never  has  been  but  one  duel  m  lllinoiei^ 
which  took  place  in  tH3tJ  l^etwe^'U  Alphon* 
ao  Stewart  and  WiUiiun  Iknnett ;  Stewart 
being  tshot,  Bennett  was  hLing  for  murder, 
and  since  then  no  one  ha^  cared  tt>  repf'at 
the  es|*enment.  The  detads  of  nettleint?nl 
'  mlwd  with  no  littlu  vividtyj 
V  are  not  of  a  nature  h>  indoot 
ustnined  to  tJie  Inxunewof  '*tha 
to  tak«  up  his  resjdcaea  in  a  new 

principal  events  of  thEi  hifftorf  am 
....  .:.:ixk  lUwk  war,  fr\]klb  Ika  lailX^K 


218 


Editorial  UTotet — American  LUerature* 


[Aiig* 


between  the  "  horse-thieves "  and  the 
•'regulators,"  showing  an  application  of 
lynch-law  on  an  extensire  scale ;  the  abo- 
lition riots,  in  which  Lovejoy  was  killed ; 
the  expulsion  of  the  Mormons  and  the 
financial  embarrassments  of  the  povcm- 
ment.  The  governor  was  himself  con- 
cerned in  the  last  three,  and  speaks  from 
personal  knowledge.  A  melancholy  his- 
tory it  is,  of  events  inevitable  perhaps  in 
an  unorganized  and  semi-civilized  region, 
but  insignificant  as  they  arc  in  themselves, 
illusti-ating  momentous  principles.  We  are 
not  sure,  however,  that  the  Mormon  civil 
war  can  be  called  msignificant,  because  the 
same  men  who  were  the  occasion  of 
bloodshed  in  Illinois,  are  still  on  our  dis- 
tant frontiers,  increased  in  number  and 
power,  and  more  likely  than  ever,  with 
their  strange  religion  and  customs,  to 
come  in  oonliict  with  the  people  and  the 
government.  ■  That  they  have  suffered 
great  injustice  is  undeniable,  but  it  is 
ficarocly  less  so.  that  they  perpetrated 
many  outrages  to  provoke  ft,  and  unless 
the  federal  authorities  define  their  politi- 
cal and  civil  relations  to  other  settlers,  in 
time,  we  shall  sec  in  Utah  a  repetition  of 
ihe  scenes  of  Illinois  and  Missouri.  It  is 
not  to  be  expected  of  Governor  Ford,  that 
lie  should  speak  with  entire  impartiality 
of  the  Mormons,  and  yet  wo  cannot  but 
think  his  account  is  fair  and  just  in  the 
main.  He  evidently  regards  them  as 
superior  to  the  bruUil  mobocratsby  whom 
they  were  so  often  wantonly  assailed. 
His  disclosures  as  to  the  coquetting  of  the 
various  political  parties  and  public  men 
with  the  Mormons,  are  not  flattering  to 
those  concerned.  In  fact,  nearly  all  the 
troubles  of  the  State  in  regard  to  them, 
grew  out  of  the  meanness  and  rascality  of 
the  politicians,  who  granted  them  favors 
to  secure  their  votes,  until  they  were 
raised  into  an  impunity  and  power  it  was 
impossible  to  control.  The  present  Judge 
Douglas  of  the  Senate  is  spoken  of  as 
among  the  number  of  those  who  made 
use  of  the  Mormons  as  convenient  tools. 

Governor  Ford  has  written  like  a  disap- 
pointed man,  or  rather  like  one  disgusted 
with  the  knavery  of  politics,  but  with  an 
•evident  sincerity  and  faithfulness.  He  is 
perhaps  too  eager  to  justify  his  own  con- 
duct in  the  trying  circumstances  in  which 
he  was  often  placed,  but  his  book  is  full 
of  materials  for  thought,  while  his  reflec- 
tions evince  sagacity,  uprightness  and 
toievolenoe.  A  little  more  of  the  actual 
life  of  the  people,  and  less  of  politics, 
would  have  improved  it  in  the  estimation 
of  the  general  reader. 

— A  goodf   iStnijglit-ibrward,    tdmh^j 


narrative  we  have,  in  tlie  "  Records  of  ' 
the  Biibbleton  Parish,  or.  papers  from 
the  experiences  of  an  A  nierican  Minis^ 
ier^"  meaning  a  preacher  of  the  gospel, 
and  not  a  foreign  ambassador.  31  r.  Chea- 
ter, a  young  clergyman,  is  invited  to 
preach  at  Bubbleton,  a  famous  town  of 
New  England,  and  he  does  preach,  bat 
not  to  the  satisfaction  of  those  who  pay 
him,  and  he  consequently  gets  into  s 
world  of  trouble.  Mr.  Peppery,  a  red-hot 
Garrisonian.  is  angry  because  he  docs  not 
thunder  aprainst  slavery.  Mr.  Fiscal 
leaves  the  church  because  he  favors  tem- 
perance ;  and  Mr.  Allerton,  the  rich  and 
respectable  merchant,  hints  a  gentle  re- 
buke, because  he  is  too  earnest  and  prac- 
tical. In  the  end,  however,  the  faithful 
pastor  triumphs,  although  not  until  his 
heart  is  almost  broken,  and  he  is  about  to 
abandon  the  place  in  despair. 

There  is  much  freshness  in  this  book, 
and  we  commend  it  to  church-goers.  The 
fiery  anti-slavery  man  Peppery,  the  do- 
cent  Allerton.  the  Plush-street  Preacher, 
the  Kcv.  Hyperion  Downy,  the  noble- 
hearted  blacksmith  Harry  Hanson,  the 
literary  Miss  Lark,  and  the  honest  Orac- 
ular Blunt,  arc  excellent  types  of  classes, 
not  hard  to  find  Q\ery  where.  They  are 
types,  and  yet  possess  a  decided  individ- 
uahty.  Miss  Allerton,  the  heroine  of  the 
story,  we  do  not  recognize  as  a  faithful 
portraiture,  but  it  may  be.  There  is  a 
want  of  skill,  too,  in  the  construction  of 
the  story  ;  but,  on  the  whole,  the  tale  is 
well  told,  and  an  admirable  vein  of  satire 
runs  through  a  largo  part  of  it,  especially 
the  talk  of  Mr.  Oracular  Blunt.  His  sly 
comparisons  between  Burmah  and  Bub- 
bleton, as  missionary  fields,  and  Ather- 
ton's  commendations  of  Downy's  eloquent 
discourses  against  the  sins  of  ancient 
Babylon,  as  not  only  "  immensely  popu- 
lar," but  as  gratifying  "  a  commendable 
historical  taste  and  antiquarian  curiosity," 
discover  a  genuine  humor.  The  writer 
should  cultivate  tliis  vein,  which  is  one  of 
the  most  effective  which  can  be  worked 
in  the  field  of  fiction.  We  have  no  doubt, 
from  the  vividness  and  fidelity  of  most 
of  the  pictures  in  this  book,  that  it  is  a 
transcript  from  the  actual  life  of  New 
England. 

— Mrs.  Axx  S.  Stephens,  who  is  well 
known  as  a  successful  writer  for  the  la- 
dies' maeazines.  has  made  a  bolder  venture 
in  her  ^^jFashion  and  Famine^^^ — a  novel 
of  New  York  life.  It  is  a  first  attempt  on 
80  ambitious  a  scale,  and  deddedl  v  a  cred- 
itable one,  in  many  respects.  The  work 
ezhibitt  unqaestwnable  power^  oomnaikd 
of  language,  Tigofoiis  dMoriptioii,  stnmg 


tfst.] 


JSSletmt  JPbto'— JmeriVern  Zifera^ttffc 


tin 


tnd  dmmatfc  f>rc«.^^tint  it  is 

, f  mbo  by  oonmilmbic  cbfivlSv    The 

[Ism  9f  tbt  whole  is  ©xinjeratixi,    TIh.* 

anrl  f«6tit!8  ar«  til  citiweivcd 

\  ton  tktgh  II  key,  tud  Uie  very  itiUtidty 

*  tH«  iKiwtiona  wlii^^ rraywl  pn> 

r  ixoifition  1 1 

with  Ml  ciionrjous  sarriow  at  im 
A  tiftiaw»y  wiftv  wlio  is  hi  per^ 
I  grirf  ovi^r  «  hUck  scJinrji  of  »  lui«' 
thftt  i(bf}  ou^t    mtbei-  to    have 
in  Sitig^uag;  her  ^purents^  whd 
InbtI- broken    unci  poTtfly^tneken  § 
tkughfepi',  a    }itmi  lowly  en>atwre, 
til   mil   6tr»wV»fTTies  Ihfouj^  the 
btmiil  a  strvtgo oompcmiid of  n  V«Dke^ 
|«ba  li  b«f  haH-MrrAut  nnd  hilf-proleirlar 
lo^Mir;  th«  itKitbef  of  W  htisbtnd,  an 
lady  isi  y«Ek^  Tery  disoml  ^  a  stolen 
firam  tha  South,  wtio  goes  vrnoiy 
a   duM{)pQiDtm«iit  in  mairiagts 
a'pMsng  mmhant's  clerks  who  ^cu 
'by  giwbliii^,  but  is  s»T«i  by  his 
Um  afartntani  bulf^^^^mu)!^  arv  the 
i>ltti«  «toiy,  aixi  between  ihutn 
aaaage  to    *'fnk»  up  tbp  uizfyny" 

(oea  mad,  the  i 
iJW'iii-Uw  m  tried  ■  1  Ujt 

whkk  lie  did  not  4  i  tho 

broakahor  b^arL  Ihe 


Mil  bMin  Ihnn  ber  tti 


llM^banctcrSf  h 
J  with  ibi9  oco^ii- ,-    *  ..-^  ttifi:, 
» It  nabHltaamtk^  and  th«  himbauti^ 
la  Urn  groat  a  iK»ttitclr«l    to  havo 
pad  ibe  ^lluws  till  he  WM  ^  age. 
f  Jacob  Strong  k  ca|uCal,  atn!  a  liUlt^  inoro 
fdy  del^«d  wmM  inak«  an  isflbctiTv 
'  in  a  I^laj.    The  Chniftiaii  lovo 
•o  of  the  old  couple,  are  alwi 
^  deachbtnl,  piu-tn  I  flirty  dgrbg 
il  «D»iica  of  ihv  tjuil,  H'bm  iIm 
Ikaii'i  boi¥!at  it!lkt)CQ  on  the  truth. 
with  the  vulpar  chicantry  of 
Tcmba'   lawyer,   who    Mii^gi^U  tlw 
oC  bi*  lif«  by  nnT«jft  gf  «, 
hi  Iklwliiiod,  eajiy  ta  W  tuld.  i^i^tjs  ti^^ 
tBor  teUng  l«>wardii  tfur  kiutL    lli« 
*liJb  b  batur  dona  Iban  tb«  bJi^4itSB^ 
■tf«  fci  la  laaai  natural  and  laiitik. 
local  de^^riptkina^  toa^  an^  far  ihe 
part  a^:fir3t'^,  thotii^b*   wp  lR'Ii«?%ej 
^aitcrii  at   tlia 
r  .vheat  m  bloom 

» Xew  llj^jaiijj\i  viiuli:  tli«  graitt  ia  yH 
too  §patn  It  lat    €tiL      Mrs*  il^(«|i)i«;n« 
^vnla  art:  aba  baa  nlenly  of  kclmg,  a 


hh  Chnstian  sentiment ;  hut  ri^o  fat!;!  In 
Fitiitiiicity,  lUr  oolora  arc  laid  on  too 
thnltly*  iu  too  |joaiUTi*  oontr^sti* — and 
wiib  i  sort  of  imx^'  ^   Ijoth  to 

crowd  the  CAn?aa  a.  Uty   every 

loiicli  ti? I L  U  ad  sht?  ti  I .  r  F :-  N  J  (.T  t  Ikt  riar* 
rfltiw,  by  a  few  more  idceti^hc^s  s^^^b  nji 

thu  tbfi  hl^.^  1.  It  n-  .  J  nit  „.  r     n  f    I  I ...  }y>|Hti*|c«tld 

on  Ij.>  Uf  n  fitr 

iiiof t;  n  ^       I  .  to  W  nf- 

ft'Clfvo  ahi?  has  injured  Uie  |iTt>tiii!>ilUy  fjf 
her  cTcntfl.  We  quit  her  book  with  a 
riTtam  srnsoofils  unreality  hi  spite  of  all 
the  fauiiliar  i^nxx^^  and  uamca  tntrotluocid, 
auil  ftivlirn;:  il  to  be  i  rtlbf  ralh(»*  to  es- 
cape Uie  gnJlry  be*t, 

—  A  ipestkm  of  importance  is  consid- 
crod   in  the  ReTt-n'ml   ALT*,t'srra  C,  L, " 

#V«€  Mas&rtiy,'*  whK%  as  tl»e  title  jm« 
portB^  w  Qi)t  fio  mm  h  a  history  of  si^eret 
flOOJt^iea  as  a  consideration  of  their  ciausof  * 
ai^d  effbetft*    lie  pw^m  a  brief  ac«)unt  of  ^ 
the  »ysU?rkn]s  cirj^anixalkins  of  all  a^egj   I 
g«ch  as  thi?  E^'ptmti  rit<*s  of  I  sis  aoa  J 
*>sitiii,  lln>  jn>**ittitimi  «f  tJrphctis^  the  hi-  I 
itiatioBii  at  Ek*iihi>i,  tbt*  Cabma  of  Siaa-'^' 
otlirac^,    tJ>t  order  of   fs  tl^  * 

liemiandad  0f  ^"^j^in,  the   \  . -lite  , 

ofOt'T^  furliunuii  (^MLiJv.  tha 

9smci\  I  li  ti  i  ^h  t-Tc  ni  p  lars,  *F  ree- 

niasoiiry,  <  MJ  Kctlowsbip,  &c»  dc^  but, 
be  dttx*lls  ftpo^^idly  \\\ton  the  objects  uC 
Ihi**^*   9^f^mh\iiiz^  '     '      '  i'  Rdii, 

wrrc  oil  ftJ I  tjrirft  -  ; :  of 

tiffjijgbt,  brotbeiiM.i.ii.  |rr;j.M^«f|inv  mvi  tts- 
li^-^iwii.  It  i%  certainly  tnirioug  to  note 
ftliat  vanl  inlbn?tict's  those  R-cn^t  organi- 
sations have  «'3toi  terl  <>vcr  I  hi?  affairs  of 
the  worldt  how  jn'rmam'nt  and  pt'n'tttling 
they  are,  and  ytl.  wiiat  little  ottcutjoo 
they  have  altrfi*n*.'*l  frmi  the  general  Ivis* 
tonaik  Uiii  the  vtTy  fact  of  tberr  secrecy, 
we  !*qppo«j  k  the  rca^n  why  tliey  are 
80  tlghUv  ymiml  by  htsturian»k  who  are 
too  mnco  at^Kgcni  tti  olher  toptos,  to  entc^r 
id  to  the  ||ioeial  stmlk'S  rcy|uiHrU^  to  eliad' 
date  tbe  odidii  and  pitrtio^  of  rnv%tcr 

Mr.  V     ■'-  ■■ 

the  '* 


tifitrer^.,,  i. ...  .w  1, 
iii/jiliuii    of   aoaety 
*'  I'bvM*  arfli  wi*i>'  '. 
lonn  natuni,^^    1^ 
by  our  pwlitim] 
are  ibe  cauM*  nnrf  ^r 
aaci^  aAaodati^nM 
govenwiafit  arc 
wbm  ih#y  are  n 

tin-    "       ■'      i^ial^   tLivl 


'!)c  wide  rxteu4(ion  of   | 

to  certain  waoti^  , 
,i<h  the  pubfkr  orp** 
d4x^«   not  rvi|KiiKl,  , 

["J [14  tit  4.    i,f  ntir    'V||||. 

h..d 

■  .'ij<^h 

I  \li  tbciso 

'  »y   and 

iHit  Ul»(nTf((t% 

i'loy  wuh  tbe 


2  so 


J^iHsmf  WQii^ — Amermn  Literaturf. 


fAng. 


ent^— arnl  the  weak,  who  are  **nighed  to 
the  earth  bj  the  opf^ressiTe  laws  which 
jcgrern  «11  mCMiem  mdiistniU  arrans^t^menta, 
become  diBgOited  with  the  outward  life 
of  society^  and  seek  consolation  and 
atipport  in  secret  as^sociation,**  After  de- 
iCribiDg  the  aorrpwa  of  the  working 
dashes,  he  adds,  "The  s^ffunng  thou- 
Bands  find  no  resourcej  no  relief,  no  pro- 
tection^ from  Ih©  desolating  Mrrangement^ 
of  the  octtward  orp^anistns,  but  in  these 
seci'L't  Bocieties.  There,  thej  meet  with 
synipathi^ttg  hearts,  and  warm  hands,  *nd 
hout?«t  and  apr]g:ht  spirits.  There  thty 
worship  and  invoke  that  ideail  of  a  society 
which  shall  repmsent  more  trnlj  the 
Christian  doctrine  of  fmteniiti^,  and  whidi 
»baJl  rocjognizeno  distinctions  btit  mieh 
tA  are  absolnte  and  everlaE^tin^,  that  is  to 
Mj,  the  distinctions  of  rice  and  Tirtue, 
wm  confer  no  booors  but  on  those  who 
merit  them," 

This  13  trne  ^  secnat  Bocicti«s  do  disclose 
exijitence  of  pressing  wants  in  hamanitj^ 
which  the  exii^ting  sodal  order  docs  not 
fulfil,  and  they  shadow  forth  an  epoch 
when  duatico  and  Lore  shall  become 
objects  of  supreme  hud  tinirersal  refe- 
rence: and  thns  farj  too  they  are  a  good : 
but  thm«  is  another  side  to  the  arigtiment, 
which  induees  one  to  iaqnira  wFrether 
any  organiiatiODf  which  is  seci^t  or  se^xa^ 

,  rated  from  the  common  life  of  humanilT, 
is  not,  in  the  end,  injurious  to  society ; 
whether  the  labor,  time,  and  money 
which  h  expended  in  keeping  up  these 
select  circles,  would  not  be  better  applied 
in  an  Jitiempt  at  the  aetual  reform  of 
political  and  social  abuses.  Sup|TOse  the 
millions,  who  are  organiised  in  these  ex- 
dnsive  a&sociations,  and  who  are  repro- 
aentfid  to  long  for  a  better  social  condition, 
ahould  bring  their  inf^uence!^  to  huAt  di- 
rectly upon  the  iiyiistices  ancl  iniquities 
of  the  old  order^  would  they  not  be  vastly 
more  effective  ?  Besidesj  is  it  tme,  that 
aU  tlM3  members  of  them,  cherish  these 
ideals  of  a  juster  arrangement '?  If  tbey 
do,  why  not  go  to  work  at  once  and  bring 
it  about?  So  far  as  our  own  observa- 
tions extend  howeverj  a  majority  of  the 
Biembers  of  theise  associations  do  not  re- 
gard them  aa  traditional  to  lomething 
higher,  but  as  finab     Besidesa^  if  society 

I  is  so  oorrupt|  selikh  and  over  bearings  ^s 
we  are  tola,  why  &kulk  away  from  it.  to 
lavit^h  our  aifectious  upon  a  narrow  dass, 
wiien  our  duty  is  to  fight  these  corrup- 
tions and  wrongs  in  their  verj'  source  "? 

We  have  no  particular  objections  to 
tHiese  institutions  any  mora  than  we  have 
to  tratle  beneficiary  societi^  or  to  pohti* 
€4iJ  partis  or  e^esiastical  sects,  but  we 


entertain  this  general  view:  tbat,  in  tl 
country,  the  two  great  and   fundamtui 
institutiDnR  are  the  State  and  the  Chnncl 
which  arc  universal  and  open,  and  that 
man^s  iSrst  duty  is  to  purify  and  elevai 
thL*se.  by  taking  an  active  part  in  all  theJ; 
ttiovements.     Let  him  do  this  faithfully, 
and  he  will  have  etjongh  to  do,  in  addiiitii 
to  hi^  onhnary  bostncss-    In  darker  m\^ 
and  in  OTontrius  where  n  npA  d^potbi  _ 
envelopes  the  who'Ie  of  human  existcuc^l 
it  is  ^nrhsfffl  inevitable  that  the  more  en- ' 
lightened  spirit^s   ahould  join   in     fiiecrel' 
leagues,  to  aniniatc  eat-h  other's  hopftH.  an< 
to  concert  the  means  of  improvemetitj  bui 
in  this  nation,  where  the  fight  of  assvi 
bhng  for  aJl^  good  purposes  is  sacre^J^ 
can  discover  small  need  for  secret  oi^;aiii-*' 
nations.     They  create  no  interest  apart 
from  the  common  mterests  of  society ,  and 
arc  apt  to  degenerate  into  abuses* 

Mr  Amold^s  book  contmni^  a  great  deal 
of  valuable  informutfon,  and  is  worthy  of 
an  attentive  peru^L 

—  **  TAe  Pvci9  ttwl  Poetry  of  Artcieni 
Greece,*^  is  a  compilation  by  Mr*  AaaA' 
HAJn  Mills,  giving  the  history ^  and  an 
account  of  the  principal  work'*,  of  the  -^^ 
Grecian  poets,  from  the  days  of  Homer  ^H 
and  Hesiod  to  thof^e  of  Aristophanes  and  ^^^ 
MenaDder.  It  is  preceded  by  aii  histori-  ^ 
cal  inlroductioD,  which'  narrates  the  lead- 
ing political  events  of  the  peninsula^  and 
followed  by  a  brief  rmv  of  the  firecian 
phiiosophers,  orators  and  historians,  ]1 
makes  no  pretensions  to  origmality,,  bul 
it  presents  in  n.H  utirrow  a  com  pass  aa  thff 
extensive  range  of  the  subject  admits,  tliff 
results  of  the  best  modern  researeh  anidl 
scholarship.  The  authorities  relM  n^ 
chiefly,  are  the  oriepnal  Greek  author* 
themselves,  ^id  M tiller,  Schlegel,  Murey 
Browne,  &c^  while  tlie  tranalattons  are  ta* 
kea  from  Pope,  Elton,  fiferivale.  Potter. 
H.  N.  Coleridge^  Moore,  Cumberland  antl 
Hodgson.  It  is  execnted  with  judgment 
and  taste^  the  criticisms  generally  b€?ing 
of  the  orthodox  stamps  and  the  analyses 
of  the  poems,  correct  and  quite  complete. 
We  do  not  think  that  the  author  has  al- 
ways selected  the  best  translations,  ciozh 
fining  himself  as  he  does,  for  instance,  in 
ret!7pect  to  Homer,  to  the  arttncxal  couplets 
of  Pope,  and  the  haltme  blank  vcr^c  of 
Elton  (not  half  so  good  a^  t'owper  or 
Chapman),  and  the  trngiKlians  from  Pot- 
ter, who  was  an  excellent  scholar,  but 
hardly  a  poet — ^yet  there  is  not  mticfa  t& 
object  to  on  this  scons.  Those  who  aro^ 
not  able  to  study  the  Greeks  in  the  origi- 
natr  will  find  Mr.  Mllk^  account  of  thcnk 
as  full  and  accurate  as  they  ni«y  detttre. 

—The  ''Aihcrtoti  and  ttihir  TVito*' 


18^4] 


Editorial  Ifota — Ameriam  Literaturt. 


221 


^  tf  UlM  Uitlvrd,  of  whkh  w«  hwe  t1ret<Ty 

I  in  «  foriHcr  nuinl^r,  h»s  been  to- 
BiliiiiAiecl  tn  thb  cntintry.     Thvy  burtlly 

viikh  ihef  wcftt   written,    jmd   the   l»i- 
tiocixt  *«<s  or  Ibis  ftjcTwjiljlt?  luthore&s^ 

I  JICT*  lir»^  deserts  her, 

,  md  i^ "  '  ,  M I L  i  L  V    II  i.vi  t'sr I  it*r  work  s 

ii  ^^  I.     A  U'*iitifttl  porlnirt  <*r 

.,  r»Wti'iii^  «  kintjlj^  ^iLgajciouS) 

—  Tb^  «uttK>r  of  a  new^  novi?!  ofdoiD^t- 
ik  life  *»lli?*|  *'  /^t/t  attd  lis  AimsJ^  dci«s 
bm  nmtjc,  Ixii  bti  ticv<l  iK)t  t>e 
I  ta  4u  ^,  It  in  ft  volutne  ^f  r«re 
■fill  jjfniiil  wiftdoin.  The?  first 
» |ftrl«  Oilbtl  IrWia  bfc.  m  4L  i^kekih  of  ibe 
"  IW  dftjw  of  a  j>*rty  of  >  wiijg  »u4 
ed  iK-ightK)r!S  witb  their  jkl^riK  and 
wbik  Uie  ioo(>^  part,  calUnt  Ac- 
[  tmi  yir^  rtif«t  thiciirUUiof  Uivirfulun^ 
)  tllcTO  li  &at  niurh  loed  Ci^Ioriug  in  the 
I  fkMart,  tiiMtigh  the  fiaettes  arc  Uid  Alter- 
^jRitelj  «i  llottion,  }itw  York  n^d  Buton 
*"     ,  *  i«  there  «  rwy  rri»rkt*fl  uuli* 

ttUKb  xtf  lioth  to  a  wdken  A  doe|i  JJi- 
d  iihI  Jtn|i4rt  a  Uw  of  rcftlity  to  the 
f*  Aa  wr  of  qyii^t  trutlLfiilt>csa  pcr- 
m  Ibe  wholit.  U  «i  ban*  no  '*  ibriLliug  ^* 
bnla^  no  teni«  iu«d  C£tr»Tiifuit  per- 
1^,  no  tfitTKsAte  wire  dr&wo  jilot,  but 
t  |'>  us   inbiiiU'Iy   better,   kh 

(if  (-very  limy  |j«?<^ul«^  Ii0ti« 
-  — *.^«4tij  Ua-I  Atid  none  inij»ohHil*|y  good. 
\  haH  ftU  KfUkicntly  inixtMi  of  lioth  gotid 
ll]«d  ^     ;         '  ;u    Lfie  jieo^lo  Ai%}umd 
«ftd  aud    lylBdaitl^  dia^ 

kMi'  it  And  porplex  et£b 

V,  ■&  [tt^tutr  tMitmf[  ftt  la«t 

I  lkPM|li  Ui^  :^^- *U  Jiutabcr  ''"' .  li^in(**rs, 

Tlii»iioTttL  li  ki  HtXNif  Ci  U 

bat  of  MfH.   StafJbicii,  wh^  ^  ^^o 

>  aoti  It  biJi  kits  pni^^jon  and 
Wiji                I  Li  far  i»Qr«  brM.l)i/ul    Tbo 

,4i«n>  t4  ibai  id  Kligblly  Miirocs^llff 

>  la  ill  dottmeim,  but  ib«  fttDioif»b«7«  or 
■tiiib  b  open,  brpti^y,  mid  rijob  Xo  oim 
Wbo  n«#lii  it  will   bo    |iA4itJt4H]  with    bad 

f  uf  1^  »Uiiit  IK  tib  fill  HI 

k^  MbUnAft  qiioft  hmi.     i  fn  ^  / 

|i#  flit   find    liiniM'if    itivtp"  .  <3id 

\jrpmk  of  it«<   -  -■"-'-  ^.f  bt;_^ii  uii    :*iMl 

iUtluelvba  ..el      [>u  :l-.i:iI  iii'M3i 

lo  near  w  k  luOrt  ibui  oooe.    J  t      j  i  i 
lllitig  fiat  «  Frot)|>  tjf  vi»uu  r 

Dg  ft  m  tlie   ODii 

,  IW  boom  of  ft  irittkj 


henf  J  on  their  htndm  t4  read  aloud.  They 
will  find  Henry  34:ldcns,  ftnd  Frnnk  Clif- 
ford s,  md  Klknst^  in  their  rery  midst; 
aQil  W(j  truiit,  BiJuie  Fn**i<^ricks  and  ilarrr^ 
tog,  jb;  wtfU  a:3  a  kniil-bcartCMi  old  Mn 
Gmy*  tg  leivvc  oijc^  or  the  other  his  weAttb 
when  be  dies.  By  tbt!  way,  h  Gr»y  A 
favui  ite  nninw  fjr  (?fWM|  (icopJii  ?  We  Ask^ 
btcaiise  Mr??.  Gmy^  in  "^Fa^hirifn  aitd 
Fj4iniiie,"  jLnd  Mr.  Grtty^  in  '*  Life  and  it« 
AtniJs,'*  are  tbe  gunrdiau  spirit*  of  all  the 

— ''  Proiestanii^m  in  /^a/-*J(/^  is  the 
fiOmcwbftt  deceptive  name  of  a  translatipn 
of  eui  airaioas  by  thi?  ekM|utiut  preacher, 
Coatr£ltXL.  The  J'  have  no  E;«3eial  relft- 
tioo  to  Protc^tantJiiiD,  exjcept  Uia^t  they 
were  written  by  a  Prole^tanL  They  ni« 
tHin^sl  anfl  i tnpreasi vis  disieourses^  marked 
by  tlie  bl>end  fcnttmontfl  of  th«  author, 
but  here  and  there  itanoes,  of  tlie  Fpen 
jiikjm  in  the  English  versbn,  tst^er  j 
the  eltiv^t  of  his  ho  our.  I -4, 

— IftbereidiOKidb-  iiks  among 

0'"  '     1  :-4  ^vbo  ha^  11  tsMtf-  un  theological 

let  t]i4  say  to  liim,  that  be  majf 

^- ■  lij  I'Kjkiiij^  over  a  fiinaU  Boi^toa 

tHilk^'Uoii  of  Mr,  NewuAan's  "  Hfpijf  to  Uie 
Kciiptc  e/iVi!|Ji/*  W4tb  the  rejoinder  of 
the  author.    It  i^  a  goo<l  Rpcdraeu  of  ooo- 
t rovers ial  writing  ;  the  studcjU  of  it  gutr 
t\n^  no  ck-an.^  notions  of  the  mattefii  in 
di»^put<:\  but  qnitu  a  m^M  ^imcUwi  oftbo 
dislngcnuoufiuetti   of  hotb  ibe  <'onCrorei^ 
tist^ ;  for,  ait  in  rnoat  other  disputi^^  iho 
points  at  imme  are  aoon  lost  m  penf^tial 
cTimiiiaiioug  %im\  recriwm^xkmH,     Tako 
this  kind  of  chaff  out  of  hooka  of  ditiputap- 
taon,  and  the  wheat   le/l  will   be   Kiuall 
jiidci.Hli     Mr.  NeMiunn    baviisj^  vi^ntur^  I 
Ufioii   a   iiMHi   sujjerfu^ial    und  n\iWnn}iiB 
pottilmn^  in  critiL'iKini;  the  niorul  jn'rh^ctifiii 
of  fbrist   and    Christinnky;   i^    sharpljf  ^ 
taken  to  ta^k  Cir  it  by  tbo  autlior  of  ibo 
I^ciipte  of  Paiik^  who  has  the  il(>ubt« 
a^lvanlage  ot  wrttini^  on  tin?  dde  of  ortlio- 
doay,  and  with  more  h^iml  puwor*    W«  i 
caiuiot  agrvo, howmuf ,  with  the  Amisrlcatll 
ediUir   af  ihi^   botik  a§  U*  tbi^  b^nni  in  ] 
wbieh   he   characterise];   ^fr.   Kim^mau^ 
luoculationa  on  tli<j  ^*  Moral  PerrL^ction  of 
JmiU^*^      Tlii^y  are  inaiiwntly  rrroiiroua, 
m  we  belie «c*  Imt  tijcy  aru  legitmiat#t  ^ 
t.  f^  tliey  are  invite^l  by  the  pojoition^  of 
both  aKbodoa  ami  Unitarian  writ<ir«.     If 
Jtmm  lAonly  a  man,  ma  nomeof  ili«  latlar  j 

hold,    h'^'    ,^.r..r,...l    „.^y    1^  fjyl-ly  f^iirLr,....^! 

hke  1  rinani  u  \ 

a  nwi  i}m  (bmier 

I    :  -    I  .^  ■  r  : .  .  lor  Uft  to   1 : 

;      ,IM  Uj5     of    that  ■         ^    .'i, 

i  i'  i  uL  Mr.  NtwmaOf  Ihenefon, ii 
M  u>o  uak  he  ban  uIll6£fylluaE^^v^9^H& 


222 


Miiorial  Woifs — En^UsK  Lfkmiwe. 


[Ang. 


his  mcxle  of  executitiR  thnt  task.  He*  fKila 
to  dlHccm  the  real  character  of  the  Christ 
(a  faUtire  which  nf>t  a  ftiw  i>f  his  opponents 
share),  and  cons«<ji>ewtIy  his  judgments 
seein  iiraiJoqtmte  »ik!  bla*^iihttnoi>s.  The 
fejoin^er  of  the  author  of  the  "  Ed  ipse  ol 
Fiith,"  cotiSNicred  fj^m  hi:*  own  stiinel- 

Ct,  is  efFectiyts,  and  even  otof whelming, 
we  t^n  imtgine  lb©  same  skepticism 
B^ailed  from  &  biglter  point  of  tI&w. 
This  is,  howerert  not  th«  place  for  a 
ftt^tem^nt  of  what  that  is* 

— In  iheMfmeyMiikif.mMlotheFTaieMi 
hj  J  AXE  €.  CAAfPBELi^  we  are  presented 
with  a  t^ollectioQ  of  agmeeoblo  stories^  all 
quite  uiteresting.  and  most  of  them  abote 
the  ftvcrai^e  of  such  cotnpoaitiofjB.  We 
should  adrise  the  accooiplished  writer 
to  try  her  kind  at  a  toore  iikborftte  tuid 
iuslained  effort. 

—The  I>tscutirse9  of  ABtrL  Abbott 
livEMMORE  are  a  series  of  sermon^ 
teaching  Unitarinn  tiews  of  Chnstinttity, 
and  wiittcn  with  taste,  jtid^mcnt,  and  oc- 
casional elofjuence.  There  is  not  ranch 
doctrinal  instruction  iu  thein^  b«t  a  pieftt 
deal  of  raluahle  practical  th wight.  We 
are  quite  sure  that  no  sincere  Christian 
of  any  deaouii nation  can  object  to  their 
tone,  while  every  mivn  will  be  ttljJt  to  tind 
ki  them  much  that  is  prE>fiUiblo^  encour^ 
aging  and  impre^siTe. 

— A  ne:T  edition  of  that  mo5it  thottjrhtful 
and  instiTiclive  book,  Kesat/s  on  the  /br- 
fimthn  and  Pubiiratmn  of  Opinutn*^  by 
Samuel  Bavlkv,  is  it  pnjof  that  scTcre 
and  honest  inquiry  fiiidH  Headers*  Wo 
rciDeinber  to  have  been  pleased  iiJid  beno- 
fited  by  those  essays  ycEirs  Ago^  ami  are 
now  gl%d  to  pfifisesa  them,  with  additions 
&nd  notes,  m  a  fine  portable  toJume.  The 
"  Essay  mi  tbf3  Pur>;nit  of  Truth  "  ought 
to  bo  read  &t  least  once  a  year,  by  ftll 
students 

— PifcnaFT^a  CbwM*  of  Reading,  of 
which  a  new  edition  is  just  iRsneti.  edite^l 
by  tlie  iUv*  Dr.  Sfieocer,  suj?g«^ts  many 
important  thingSj  in  a  ituvly  w»iy,  to  lliose 
who  wifeb  to  adopt  a  ptim  of  selfsmproTc- 
luent.  It  shows  not  oidy  what  U>oks  are 
to  be  rratl,  but  the  order  in  which  they 
should  be  undertaken*  It-*  recotnmendifc- 
tiona,  if  pursued,  wotild  save  a  young 
scholar  much  time  that  be  inij^ht  other- 
wise waste.  Dr.  Sjiencer's  Aflditions  sup- 
ply thfr  deftciencies  of  the  Rngli.^h  aiitbor 
m  respect  to  AmericMi  bjisCory  and  btera* 

June  ntmibtT  to  an  eKsay  on  <  • 

of  worlds,  in  which  tike  wntvi  ^r^un  li,-  uu 

Dr.  Whcwdl,  who  wrote  a  poor  book  cm 


Hie  ''  Philosophy  of  the  Ttiductive  Scien- 
ces ")  tftke.s  th</orrr>nn'i  dmt  ihcie  is  little^ 
Tcaeon   to  b«liove  the  planet?*  and  other 
BiwtA  inhabited.    It  ha.^  rwdred  a  reply 
from  8iB  Datio  Brei^-stki.  who.  in 
work  entitleft,  "  Mtrre  HvHth  thnn  One^ 
fh«  Creed  oftht  fhitmoffif^r,  m^l  the' 
MioptT  of  the  Christ ian^^^  has  controverted 
the   point   witii   umch    plausibility   and 
earnestnejts.     A    rejoinder   jins   also   ap- 
peared, under  the  limine  of  "  A  Diaiff^i 
Of  It  ihe   IHuralitt/  of   IFoTfiiLt,^  by   th* 
writer  of  the  origin  a!   e^say.     We   fti 
tlMM  pv«9en1^d   with  the  sp^taele   of 
memi  elaborai^j  and  spirited  conln>vers_ 
between  two  of  the  most  eoiiM'nt  men  of 
si;ience  in  Greut  Briloinj  in  ntspoct  to  % 
S4jlij&;t  on  which  there  are  no   hds  to- 
argnc.    Tke  most  that  can  be  said  oa 
either  sidc^  ie  analogical,  and  noi  ft  word 
inductive.    As  scieaise  is  generally  under- 
stoo«lj  tho  question  does  aot  fall  withta 
the  range  ©f  scientific  discussioix  yet  one^ 
oi'  the  highest  scientific  antboritie§  of  the 
day  pronouaees  the  belief  in  a  plurality 
of  mhabited  workk  to  be  qh  valid  as  any 
philosophical   dednctioi^   while   his   tii     ' 
suggests   a   eomiiarisoii  of   it   with   tl 
validity  of  revealed  truth.    This  is  singi 
kr,  a&d  prompts  one  to  inqnire  wheihi 
the  stnentiik  men  have  not  exagtp^rated 
the  imjjortance  of  the  indnrlive  inethtMi 
of  resettrch.      If  the  eTif?©nces  of  firmlopy 
are  so  fjotunt  as  Sir  Davi'i    i:*.  t^'-<- -  t-^'* 
pre'^en  ta,  w  hy  a  re  they  so « 
dcd  from  I  ho  doctrines  of  ^  p. 
as  we  know  thi^y  are  1  Why  is  iiot  analoL^ 
niado  at  once  one  of  the  grounds  of  sciijri- 
titic  truth  1     Mn  Whcwell  is  consistent 
in  tejeetinp  it,  b«ea«?^Mr.Whewell  holds 
that  *' induction  **  is  tho  only  ime  ^r  :i 
of  philosophy  J  but  Sir  David   Btvw      i. 
who  ts  of  the  same  scbool^  is  not  consist 
ent>    We  certainly  a|^r^  with  the  latl 
in  his  c^*nclnsions,^we  are  conviuc^  thai 
the  splendid  raas^i^s  *>f  Japfter  and  Sal 
urn.  (urnishcfl  with  the  condili**t>i  i*r  ligb 
beat,  tte.j    which    are   necessary  to   tl 
csistence  of  inteiligent  creature'*,  do  ni 
roll  away  Ihrough  space,  m  tht^ir  far  bm 
regular  dreiiits^  in  perfect  si>lTUile;  bm 
we  bave  no  positive  proofs  for  this  heh(*f, 
no  seienttfic  p^iunds^  m  science  is  com- 
tnonly  miderstCiOrL     It  Is  a  fiiilh  wbi 
re^ts  npon  other  grounds  tlmn  thoc»e 
scTeaoe,  but  which  is  still  as  fijf<>d  an^ 
valid.  «s  if  it  were  iimnded  on  scieni 
The  idea  glviin  out  by  WhrnvieU,  and  ^nm 
of  his  English  adlten^nts,  that  we  fihoiil 


i^uently  dpjii 


trie 

ibdH 


18^1*1 


Bittcriai  Noki — En^lUh  Li^raiun. 


til 


«iit«!  »ome  of  this  fijriillij  doctrines  of  tb© 
CkiisUxfi  CkiUl,  strikes  nt  tH  ^^igrially  «b- 
•Uftl.  K*ti  thiry  pcrcrivcd  tbftt  tl/e  Af^ 
mamiijf  of  man  do*^  not  consist  in  tbitt  ex- 
Imnl  of^mnism  by  which  h**  in  ndujitv^l 
Id  hii  ootitittiotis  of  tnaterijil  esttgteiicc,  but 
Ihit  to  t]l«  other  hanri.  it  is,  cnlircly  in- 
wird  or  ipirttu4l  they  c0uJ4  never  We 
&il£B  sito  iad)  ero«»  ftpprehenskas.  If 
CIk  pl«o«tet  m  JnJiabitoat  ffe  ntty  be  Btira 
that  tbfjf  iW  iiibftbikcl  by  nicfi,— by 
ivllcli  w«  da  AOC  meftn,  bein^  of  precisely 
Qm  Mino  pbynicAl  ntnietur*  with  out- 
•ilttt^ — for  we  know  ibnt  our  plivgieal 
Mlti  Cf>nKl  not  Ijtd  in  miiny  of  tb« 
|bf«(%  but  k*npi  of  inltUect  wid  af- 
ktitiiM^  irbich  are  Uie  «8Miwe  of  auut- 
boodi 

A«tdta  'Op.^'  1  Irotji  her  iHli^rs, 

^krius  ri-  ■  -  .V,  r-r 

Safcifi  .fit 

fiiait  of  1  sill  JLTt  of  them. 

fil»  wa  ''I   tbiHWetnomt 

V0in«ii  outlived  bw 

iuba,  Bxi  „  tcj  curry  Krr 

MtM  l4»  (KMitenty.  It  woukl  ^tem  as  if 
fW  life  of  bt«ratur«  reMrubZinJ  that  of 
Ubaoa, — comficiiotift  tnnwnagtfl  occupy 
Clir  vT-ae  fnr  a  Ptason,  become  the  abintng 
«rr  '  grotipiL  and  then  paig 

»»-  y  and  alinoai  ntttr  ob- 

Miy.  <)\'nr,  first  an  the  charming; 
qortti.vl)  Ametia  Andermn;  Ihen^ 
fksmiKl  and  attractive  wife  of  this 
*pni  porlrait  pamt^r  Opie;'*-— thtn  as 
fti  bawsleiiing  t&d  toooinnb^hed  «rtd<iw^— ^ 
Wti  tlia  onmtncDt  and  aeligbt  of  a  gay, 
fcilitmiaMe^  atvl  diatinguisbt^d  circlt,— she 
waa  th9  (Vinid  of  Sir  Jame«  ^lm.intoah,  of 
Btr  Walter  geott,  of  Htimbotdt^of  Sidnej 
Snilll,  of  Mra.  loclibald,  of  Sbendan, 
lopirB,  and  the  Rerobles  ^  the  <mtr€  of 
Iba  nobkat  boosea  was  etijoyid  by  h<^T ; 
mad  her  hoaks  attainod  a  wide  and  profits 
iMi  popioUrity*  But  m  a  bttte  wbiki 
Untn^  th*  aoTM!!^  of  Friend/^  ahe  wu 
»**  '  '  gase,  and  wbm  her 

drs  :  nc^ed  a  year  a^,  every 

kody  Ha«  suronwii  to  bsm  t'  '  '  'i^id 
lat  bmn  dtta  a  Iod^  whiku  'd 

Ctona  icaoy  a  gHmp*-  '-"■  .i.  ate, 

t  llw  lattara  and  t-l  diatiii- 

gndbfcid  men,  ara  the  ;..    ..   ... unresting 

ffertai  of  tba  v^mnc    Amons  thia  Kilter; 

mn  iM)ei'p,  IrtifTAi  thim  Marv  WolaloiMaraii 

J  amen  Mftciuto.^h  and 

i  ak«tcbeii  ol  .SheridaHf 

M^wuif  and  a   great  min^ 

I'^wn  charaetarik     Tbefv  ut 

'  nt  in  the  atory  of  b«r 

ittnto  M  are  g]¥«D|  da 


tiot  cast  much  light  upon  tb»  proigreii 

and  deTebpmcnt  of  her  mind* 

—  The  third  volume  of  Sir  AacifriAUi 
Alj&on^s  "HiMofy  vf  Europ^J^^  h  better 
than  cither  of  Ihe  vofuuic*  that  havt?  pre- 
cede! it;  in  ibe  first  plane,  t.  ,  i^^ 
taken  up  nltuoj^t  i^xdmiivdy  tt  i  y 
topiesv  of  whicli  be  writt'ii  uhirt>,^  ^mk 
more  knowledge  and  spirit  thsin  be  does 
of  literatunj  ant!  politics ;  and,  in  the  sec- 
ond place,  bvcaui^  a  part  of  it  rt'lates  to 
the  Ru&ii>-Turkiiih  war  of  iy*2^2'J,  the 
Greek  revolution  and  other  events  of 
those  regbnrt  of  Europe  wliicb  are  ju&t 
now  the  focus  of  attention.  It  biui  an 
immedjate  EttatiBtical  as  well  as  rtimoter 
historical  interest.  The  official  rt-^iort^ 
of  the  former  war  hare  a  hearing  upon 
the  causes  of  the  ptesrnt  difficnltlejj;  and 
AJison,  ID  digesting  thi^m^  often  lurna 
aside  to  iJlui;  irate  Uie  lopof^rufiby.  the 
mutnera^  and  the  political  atlair.";  of  the 
belligerenli*.  It  is  curious*  what  coinci* 
deuces  itj-ike  the  rvader  of  thiw  iiarmUve 
Ik? t ween  the  events  of  that  day  ^i^"'  ilin^ 
of  the  present.  In  the  iioge  i  , 
for  ingtaiictv,  as  it  is  now  adva^i'  ^^  ->j 
our  eyes,  aitd  as  it  ia  ik«f^bc^l  by  Aiusont 
we  seem  to  see  identic^t  events.  It  took 
a  whole  months  to  cBrry  ibo  outwork^ 
two  weeks  more  to  silenoe  the  battcrie% 
and  auutlicr  month  to  plant  the  enemy *it 
colors  on  the  central  tlai^-^tan*.  But 
■ucoes&came  at  last,  as  it  will  ronie  again, 
iiiilesa  this  alliud  arniies  show  thtpistdvu* 
more  cSeetive  than  tliey  have  yet  done. 
We  ore  not  admirero  of  AlbiMl,  aa  tlio 
reader*  of  our  review  of  hm  first  volume 
may  mmember,  but  we  are  will  in  i^  lo  givu 
him  the  credit  of  unwe^riotl  mUu»try  in 
the  o^Ueetkjn  of  his  matenala,  and  oon- 
atdemble  skill  in  putting  them  toEicfht-n 
The  following  tsketch  uf  Coh- 
Jbr  instanoej— 'tislli^  tlie^tory  <il  i  i^ 
and  natural  importance  in  few  wcudsi^  aftd 
iA  the  beat  fwwage  in  tlie  volume : 

**  OoailHMMMldl,  OB4  of  tlitf  moit  ^bbriift!  m4 

■liMRl »  mof  ImpofttAl  IfillacBM  on  ibft  ftntiiM*  if 

Umm.  Jt  tn>k«  in  phem  tfc*  v  M  &bd«  oflba  Ba- 
ttijia  cmttifw,  maA  mi  0i«  |ifkiefpal  awmi  tf  llw  lyi 
at  li>  w«it«rft  dltlikiB  t  fbr  ill«r  U««  9b»nm  af  Hm 

|if^  Ih*  frfvM  nf  tb«  W«it  «wi  nil  tm§m  aUt  la 

cntka  ham\  aiekIiiM  I^  tft«««tll4i  NZVDtflll  4lf  1^1 
t>ArL*nL    t«h4|(ly«  bf  Iti  mllva  itnufta  4 
IwTiitb  «Uti4iiu£t,  U  ittppartod  Um  Bmplf  «|  11 
Ibr  *  U>vniikii4  jrtMi  ifVir  Motm  IukI  f  I«IiIm1  Id  Hm 

«r  i0ii«at  f<aiv  UU  tb«  aslod  *i  Kim>^  imt  !■•- 
p«ri4airtbdrMifi«ln<  I* 4]v«f«»iikt  Utla Oia- 
ted«nfhan1te  ijwia  <f  ftjgiiln^  am  i>mm^m$^i 
111*  d^widUl  «i  taa  Itaplri  vf  tiiN  Km*  tj  Lb*  rsia. 


the  If  \M»tlag  settkmcDt  In  tbo  flnwt  provtnc«»  of  Eb- 
ro|>&  It  hu  ^noe  been  Uie  otjeet  af  itti^Mm  smbt- 
tiuB  imd  oDbUfitliiti  ta  th«  prlndfiaJ  EttnTpeaa  poweti^ 
A  kingdom  In  tU^lt  It  ]a  innm  ouTetvd  tfiMi  pi^nnf 
mljnik  Austria  KOd  KouIa  ba^«  altmiAlely  nnltHl 
ud  i3iiiit*4idtd  (l>r  tbo.  ffitlendm  ptSm;  ii  hmki  up  tins 
■IJLirrce  of  ErfiirtJij  and  brongbt  the  Bfxra  of  Nupo- 
Iwn  111  MnAcoif^;  ittd  In  ttiew  dftjrf  It  bi4dIiMlv«d 
ftll  fi.irffn'r  ouRfcd(?nicfMi»  crtatwj  ni^w  <!»««,  Knd 
bmuitht  ih«  Ibices  nf  Mb^itMd  find  Fmni:!«^  to  tht  Bt» 
I^boru^  la  ftV4irt  tli«  [br«it«iQ{»i]  Mtcnre  of  Uiv  uutefa^ 
lis*  ^^  b]F  Ibe  iirmk!9  of  Urn  Car. 

*H  U  no  wfind^i^r  tint  C«fi«iuit[DopIa  liii  erer 
■loiw  Itft  ibgntttticii,  fijurdoc^  ad  gnkAt  ui  InflatoeB 

m  tll»  fbdtUllW  or  tbft  f|>6«l«K,  HO'  in  UW*]  fid  VWtBiM 

BTf  SBJq^itf,  Mid!  it!  tftiutlon  mtxA  ever  reader  II  lbs 
mm  ltiij*nft»nt  dtf  Id  tbp  Old  World,  Si  tutted  <?n 
lib»«Dnfln»  of  Ksrii[>ti  *ii4  A#H  with  r  Dobl»  bm- 
bor,  it  at  tba  Muno  UmQ  centres  In  it-vVf  lh«t  tnuSt  of 
tb«  TldMft  fittTEA  of  tlio  i^lobe;  commanding  th«  sdIq 
Ontlfl  hmn  Ibe  £tixlti«  Into  th«  K]prlkt«traiiin,ti,  It  of 
in^eoBMy  e^»  &b«  eocQinerce  uf  the  tbi««  qaarti'ra  pf 
llio  i^ahe  pu»  under  Iti  msllA.  The  ttxtmbe  vaftfl 
to  I  to  quftjft  tbe  i»rodacUdiM  of  Oemianjt  Hub* 
igarf,  ami  nurtbem  Tiirk*f ;  the  Vulfia,  tbfa  a^Tlenl* 
tatai.  ft^b«a  of  tbe  Uknlll^  ar>d  tbe  ImmtiM 
p>lidn«  i4*  t^iitbvm  Eoaak ;  tb«  Kab«a,  ol  tbe  raoiiD- 
lain  LrSbea  cif  tfa«  OincaiUi;  cararani^  tnTvnlfi; 
ih^  Taunu  «nd  lb*  diaoria  vT  Meoop^aiiila,  iDeo- 
Toj-  ti»  It  the  r7>?bes  of  Oelslrl]  Aita  and  thn  dSEtant 
^Qctiona  ul  U<.\i^i  ih»  watos  of  tb«  H«dlUm- 
SMft  affonl  a  A^ld  Ibr  tho  vaxl  ««iam«-t»  of  tbt  d4- 
Ueoa  wlildi  11*  ali»fig  itA  pMpkd  abuna;  vUl«  tba 
tDtir«  4;UftAnl  mvmftic lur«A  of  BrItftiB  and  tbe  United 
fiUlte*  uf  Ana^rica  find  &n  Inkt  throoiEh  tb«  Btratts 
of  GrbrotUr.  Tbe  i^cuduitB  nf  kU  tbe  natknlS  oC  tba 
aartli  afo  to  be  w«ii  dde  bf  Mdf,  Id  d<i«e  liitillufoia, 
in  UtaOt^Mt^n  Horn:  *tba  inateor  flag  of^Kgliaid* 
tnd  tb«i  Khlii|^  fitsT  of  America,  tbe  tricolor  of  Fibemm 
and  tbe  mi^isa  dT  BqwUk.  th«  aped  ettplgna  of  Europ0 
tttid  tiw  UifiiQi  biJlA  of  AtutreUa.  J  Ion  la  tbe  onlj 
oomtQercG  jn  tba  world  wblob  nsrer  ean  fkll^  and 
«v«r  mnAt  rb<'  superior  to  aJJ  tJi«  cbangaaof  A«tmici— 
fbr  tbo  incTtaiing  nmnbcTA  and  cneifqr  of  nortbecD, 
tmly  rcnth'Tty  the  ^^att^r  tbo  demand  Jbr  tbo  bound* 
Ids  agrli^Qltctnit  pHxlttcdnni  of  aoBthsii  EnropOtftiid 
evary  addlUan  to  the  rlclivs  nivl  lunrj  of  tbe  W«t 
OUlf  au|£mi!Ata  tbe  tra^c  whlcb  ina«t  ever  aubtflsrt 
bttwneii  It  and  tbe  te^jm  of  tbe  tun^ 

*"Tbo  local  Ikdlltleft,  itnjngtb  of  pltTjatlon,  and 
N«uty  of  Canstantlnoplo,  are  ^jDitm^Mnrata  tut  tb«fie 
ImtuatiM  advan  ta^roit  of  1E»  g¥«]f  ra[dj  Ittid  p«J6lt]cffiL  Bit- 
nalefl  on  a  triangle,  two  iidat  uf  whleAi  are  waabed 
bj  tb9  0«4,  It  It  iKTotected  by  water  on  all  nldc^  ez- 
ceptUig  tbe  b&B«,  to  wblct  tbn  wh&te  ativiigili  of  tbo 
IAm&h  only  r^'quir«  tu  b4  dlrectiMl  The  tutboTi 
catlfd  tb«  'Goideti  Unrui*  fninncd  by  a  d^p  inlet  of 
tbttaca^olgtit  iisU«A  to  kn^Ui,  tin  tbit  tiorthfrn  «lil« 
of  tbe  diy,  li  at  one«  so  deep  as  to  aduilt  at  ibtv^ 
docken  lytof  dose  to  iba  i^oay,  eo  atpuciam  u  to 
admit  atl  tbe  nariaa  of  Europe  bito  U»  Wvmi,  and  »o 
WBTuw  It  Ita  antnaoe  aa  toba  «i|J4b1«  of  bclti^  chMH^d 
V|  a  cbaln  drawn  aerBaa  Ibi  mouth.  The  tcptx  ul  tbo 
trtaog^lu  la  fbrmed  by  tbo  Ikr^fimMl  &i:ni^l|»,  or  Pnlnco 
of  tb«  g^ultana,  tn  Itaelf  a  city,  cvtubrAi^g  "Klttilii  \tg 
ample  circuit  tba  laxufioaa  aparticiieiitj  lu  whltsb  tbo 
tM'iiiiflfs  or  the  East  alternate  tw^tiJ^'ccn.  tbo  paitLixioa 
vt  c]>lJ>lroi]  noil  tb«  ^^tlamAn  of  wnitu^u.  tnd  tho 
aUwty  ir*r4eiift,  wher*^  b«ieath  vonprrif'i.^  ^.^.l.,-*  .1,1,4 
platie-treeA  fmiJifiikn*  of  III  lug  wnt*^r  ■  -y 

ab«  witb  tbolf  Qf««:le»9  Duw*    Tbv  ci  ..|. 

tn^ttti  thli  trlAftgntat  tpiiM^  ill  «iirTiiurj<1>  I  Ij^  ihc  cin- 
cl»nt  walla  of  QocuCauUao,.  uifi^  tbou^tud  ctgtiil  buu- 


dred  tob^  or  abotit  twdva  En^fUib  mn<»  Iti.  drcoltr 
and  in  moAi  places  in  rxtcily  tbe  ttate  in  "whivh  ih*f 
w«ro  left,  vh(>n  tbe  ancbuit  mast^n  of  Ibi?  wotM  t^  j 
the  BOt'pijfl  of  Oift  Ea9t  to  tb*  Osn^ataU  ioain^' 
9n«ori    Tl;e  hr^wih  la  fllU  lo  be  seen  In  the  walH  ' 
mada  by  tUa  enuaoo  of  Mahotnet.  by  wbtcb   tb« 
Tnrka  bum  into  the  c^ty.    In  many  jA$^-\  bogo 
pkn^-treea^  iif  equal    antlqiilty,   o^ef^uirduw   rveii 
tbece  vaat  walls  by  tbf^lr  lodgbA;  and  In  otbctv  1ry» 
tb(t  1^0 wtb  of  eciiTurle^^  att«als  at  oneei  thi«  antl<|(iilr 
of  the  EtmeioT^  und  ibf^  naglilfenoe  or  UipflfstliliiD 
of  tbe  modtm  tnnat^rs  of  tbe  dvy,^ 


We  are  reminded  bj  thb  Tolume  not 
lo  put  much  reliance  upon  the  ^normoun 
numlitrs,  and  eflectiTe  [^reparation  of  the 
RtisKmn  anntes ;  for,  while  the  strength 
which  she  ptits  forth  in  war  m  iminensc^ 
and  her  mAxjceuvrin^  bnllkntT  her  suecej 
es  do  not  in  reahty  amount  to  roiicl 
Daring  thii*  first  war  on  the  Duntibc, 
instance,  one  hundred  and  aixty  thoussmd 
cro<i9ed  that  river  in  the  coarse  t^f  th© 
first  CfttnpAigt^ — one  hundred  and  fortj 
thonsand  njort  were  broug^ht  to  recrnit 
them  in  the  second  campaign^  and  yel  ifl-ith 
aJl  this^  they  coaid  only  produce  thirty- 
one  thousand  men  at  the  decisive  ha  til© 
of  Kolellscha,  and  when  their  Tictoriout 
mjirch  was  stopped  at  Adrianople  oo!j 
fii\een  thousand  were  assembled  Ai 
least  one  hundred  and  fifty  thougand  men 
had  perished  daring  th&Sie  two  hri&f  c^tn- 
paigns,  a  stnat!  part  by  the  sword  and  aU 
the  rest  by  fatigue,  sickness  and  desertion. 
What  an  awful  picture  of  t tie  miHcrie.*?  of 
war!  The  prodij^iona  dli^tance^s  which 
Kufisian  anuiea  have  to  travel  is  on«  mjiiii 
cause  of  their  destruction,  and  the  pcbt^ 
lential  climate  uf  the  plains  and  fjwatnpi 
in  which  they  en  camp,  Eutothcr ;  but  ihem 
ca.nsL'S^  which  are  her  wcakue^  in  an 
oilensive  war,  in  an  attack  upon  Turkey 
or  Aastria,  are  her  strength  in  a  defect- 
give  war,  for  tliey  would  keep  an  enemy  1 
off',  withont  much  serious  fighiing*  On 
third  of  Napoleon'i^  army  disappoiti  l^I  be- 
fore it  reached  Stnolensko,  or  h;v4  h(s^ 
engaged  tn  any  battle^  and  three  Ibinths 
periled  beJbre  a  thike  of  snow  felL  Thufl 
Bays  Alison,  one  third  of  the  invaders  of 
Rus!»ia  die  before  they  n^ach  the  csttjntr/ 
they  assail,  and  one  third  of  the  Uus^ians  i 
die,  bi^fore  they  can  get  out  of  it  to  be^^to  i 
a  career  of  conqiiesL  The  bc^t  tttUtg  tho 
Czar  can  do,  theti^  as  it  seems  to  m^  is  I0 
cover  his  whole  country  witli  rstilroada, 
whioh  would  produce  other  benefits,  too, 
besides  the  tran^^portation  of  troo^is,  I'veQ 
if  they  should  not  rentkr  such  trauspor- 
tation  wliol  ly  unnooessary, 

' — -A  uiucii  better  wurk  '  ■         ^''    .  *-, 
on  the  "  RtiS^im  Cami^t  > 
in  1828—29/'    and   froui    sv^uLii    nv  j^« 
mo&i  of  his  facts  tmd  opinion^  is 


the 

ch.H 

for^^ 


IIHJ 


Editariai  Jf^&Ui — Mihglish  Litimiun^, 


225 


of  Baron  Vtu  Mollke's  Ger- 
Mtt  book  on  thb  subject,  ft  tfihibits  tho 
wlmU  quaimtMa  inore  ftill  from  ovi«dnal 
Mmhtj,  wttil«  tit<<  |V)fnlipn  of  th^  aiilhor 

Ha  iWic  fcilowcd  access  to  in.fn]mT  m- 
^mfttm.  Tb«  B«ron  m  ft^t  »»  atlmir«i< 
«f  RfffWiv  tod  ig7f>«s  iliat  ln^r  i7ucct*^sBM 
ti  IKS^29  arose-  not  fmm  tier  own  ekilL 
«r  ftfffii^t  ^^^  fi*^^  ^^^^'  wi^akiu'HS  an<l 
inil^piltiii  ji  uf  lier  arlvrrHHry.  IU<i  the 
Tkri^iii  im/  Wn  w^U  letl  or  wgU  dis- 
dpfaaid,  Umi  RuA^iHnis  might  have  Ix^ca 
4nf«n  IfoiUc^  while  the  rtal  ^<?<rn?i  uf  Uns- 
■Mi  niTiiiieetiietii  U  nut  her  ftrniieM,  hut 
llff  diplonucT.  or  in  *>lhf'r  wonis,  her 
HDckntv  ari<l  mipo^^turc.  At  the  same 
lint,  Her?  Van  Mf>ltko  b  not  wurv  that 
n  KofcltAli  ut  Vrvnch  amiy  in  Tiirkcj 
wflf  idiicTe  Unilmnt  tiiin^^s,  ft5,Hij:nin|r  aa 
liHioci,  Uiat  ono  halj  cif  it  i.-f  more  than 
ikiijr  to  hU  hy  discca»<'!i  nii'l  the  c^M'ect  of 
fkmt^tami».  tli^  linrcsnfthi^  l>annl>e, 
tkm§  lis  w\  •  in  Uio^e  part^  aro 

mvvilini^)  ^  bwland^,  iti  wbirh 

IW  Mttm  find  u  iUiHctilt  ta  liv^  (luritig 
11^  gntitnT  dnu^n.  and  foR^ftn^ers  ar^  cnt 
tf  ia  »  ilfort  liiMN  Tho  Turku  them- 
ttlttft  wlio  lir#  ihfift?,  adA[>t  thc^Jr  ctoihttig^ 
llv«r  ilivt  and  thtnr  habits^  to  Urn  clitnute, 
umI  Mtrrivfv  }u  Tbcy  do  no  biutl  work, 
^kmf  tneala  cvn«i!it  uf  trollco  and  &  few 
,  tbtfjr  drink  only  Miferliet,  Ihoy 
d«  of  a  T  1-  ^—  all  day, 
md  tkqr  to  >0  bed  at  k.     hut 

IttvoBola  ftn  EnglbL  ...  .  :1j  eoldier 
la  ■iiin  to  endurv  io  sitiiple  and  tranquil 

—  A  ttCflT  tranfthitjmi  of  th©  "  Iliad "' 
iTHiiotf,  by  a  Mr,  G,  T.  Bahium^  do«« 
101  tteci  witii  niu^^h  faror  among  tbo 
oitiak  Aa  }V»|>«  bat!  ORmyod  it  in  tieroic 
iBaflM*,  tiid  Coirp^r  in  blank  Tensr.  and 
Mbm  •^;am,  in  hrxamctent^  ^Mr.  Jiari«f 
Wtmtbim  it  to  tlie  Hpviuwnan  Htan/ii  If 
te  lolkiirmg  ftuiaa,  wbiclt  we  iiuil  quo- 
lid  in  Um  XsaiDiDcr,  i»  a  good  samnlo  of 
i&  lli«  fMt,  w«  moat  agrae  with  Ibo 
nib?  U»t  Mr.  Bftrt4sr'B  Knf^tih  la  much 
kwtfcr  to  re»d  Uiaii  tb«  ongtnal  Greek : 

rnaj-M  ibi«t  «ti««  taadoot  do  nallt 
mMtm,  i^cn  tlimmgh  trm  bf«« m«r  i1^ mrt 
flvuAi'4.     Arm  lncfi|i^d  b*  irMli  4#tll!  la  M|bt 

MM  lMl«  vlaJk  baail  fttr  Smig,    firtita  i|iiii»'J«ajitl 

til  h*  m^tA  «B  ^aiC  P«tr«ii^  ti1h|iflii«  ft/iut| 
»  9^*4  ^nw  fhifi*  fUl>/  rVt^c*  ■ii«|'. 
kiB  bi  flMK  la  bcUjr  *pcM  dbi  lU/. 

Hiittk  of  tvcailjr  cmliw  of  aur.h  nlntL 
\  ifftlii  (oo^  oi  tbo  iknple  babblinp  of 


—  A  ''Hiti^ry  of  Wutts''  by  B.  B, 
Woodward,  pivcs  an  account  of  the  de- 
i?reiidants  of  the  Cirnri  from  the  carl»e«n 
limes  to  ibejr  Irjcorporntiim  wilh  Kngland, 
and  presents  a  mas*  of  infartuntion  that 
the  archaeologist,  ttnticjimriiui  and  histo- 
rian fihapc  into  value.  The  origin  of  tbo 
^jeople,  their  many  ar»d  Hcrcc  stmtrirJei  for 
ii^dcpondcncc,  tbo  great  deeds  of  their  an- 
ciont  kings  and  rulers,  and  the  mytlis  »id 
legQndi  of  their  bards,  are  dT8i.'UF*;ed  and 
d^cribed,  with  an  i' video  I  loviMjf  the  anb- 
Uctt  and  a  most  famihar  know  led  i^e.  Mn 
Woodward  dwells  npon  the  manntrru  and 
custoros  of  the  o\d  Weljih,  but  Wk  most 
entertaining  chapter  is  that  on  *  Bards 
and  Bardism."  in  which  ho  copbiialy 
illiL^trate^,  bj  extracts^  the  peculiarities 
of  their  rhymes.  One  is  apt  to  assticiato 
the  name  of  bard  with  a  ^lerson  sub- 
ject to  outbreaks  of  lyrical  enthusiasm ; 
but  many  of  the  Wels^h  banl«,  it  fiecma 
from  iliiS)  were  mere  dahiiters  in  rl^yrae, 
who  tried  to  see  in  how  many  way*  they 
could  make  language  jingle.  Ono  of 
their  trickj!!  was  to  make  Hneafter  line  com- 
Dience  with  the  same  word,  or  derivatire 
of  the  same  word^ — another  wms  to 
adopt  ttic  i^ame  termination  for  every  linOi, 
and  a  third  to  put  the  rhyiD©  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  line.  Here  is  a  gpwrimen  in 
which  the  middle  of  fYcry  seqond  line 
rbymeg  with  Hit  end  of  the  Imo  preoed- 
ing  it, 

**  W«  wMjofn  intlE,  mid  edtni  vcratciftt, 
Tli«>;  lnoUi  ftcqiitni  our  tin  filing ; 
yrntti  iivmn  m  il«t)4ei«  opmfbdt  ifiH^p 
TUe  Jiiji  uf  Llrii^ejjMUlD^ 

■•  Ttitf r*'»  (ihb  wIio  roka  HiU  «irtlitj  tttlt 
I!«rt|o«r*  Qtt  nil  Ilk  fiitvr»: 
HI*  [tftivfilfnoe  W9  flTmij  tmftt 
To  cTDWii  cmr  )aM  ssdeiiviim* 

ThiH  is,  however,  plessant  reading  com* 
psktt4  widi  the  fuUowing,  whore  the  rbjmo 

of  the  fin^t  lin«  uccurs  in  the  pettuUitatto 
p«rt  iniitead  of  at  Uie  end  ; 

**  GvTf  nsM  f  ftrr  prtoevi  {«oVc>tti  ftuEi*il— «ad  toa^ 
By  Ofiid!>d<t%  loa  itntli«ro'd 
Thou  in;  Ha,  hawk  iiiil«iti'4 

Far  more  com|ilicdted  h  the  following: 

tUfthm  ftiitl  «pof1IV«,  Dvir»r  trtufi, 
OJkBfllPiK  brlglitor  tli«B  tliu  jefrel; 

Ali%  tifit  >w»)ii| 

AlMv  tlir  J«v«-ti  I 

— A  tranatation  of  Oonaehlagcr'*  ex- 
quisite drama  '*  (hrrggiQ^'*^  by  Mr.  Tiifo- 
iioRE  Miariv,  is  much  praji«*d  by  tho 
Kn^Uiib  criticii;  but  we  do  not  pcroeiiro, 
by  tbo  ax  tracts  Ibcy  pWy  Uist  ti  ^  m^bit 


226 


Editorial  Nf4e»— English  Lilerature. 


[Aug. 


snperior  to  ft  translation  published  anony- 
mously in  this  country  some  years  ago, — 
indeed,  some  passages  are  not  so  good. 
The  oris:inal  itself  is  so  delicate,  clear  and 
beautiful,  that  a  perfect  translation  is 
quite  impossible.  We  remember  to  have 
read  it  years  ago.  in  the  German,  in  which 
it  was  written  by  the  author  (as  well  as 
Swedish),  and  regarded  it  at  that  time  as 
a  touching  glorification  of  a  great  genius 
in  painting  by  another  great  genius  in 
poetry.  But  a  perusal  of  the  English 
version  does  not  recall  our  earlier  admi- 
ration. It  is  still,  however,  even  under 
the  veil  of  translation,  a  sad,  pathetic 
story,  tenderly  an«l  nobly  told,  with  the 
characters  admirably  individualized,  and 
a  grand  tone  of  aspiration  breathing 
around  its  sweet  pictures  of  the  strug- 
gles and  trials  of  genius.  The  finest  pas- 
sage in  the  whole  is,  pcrhnps,  the  solilo- 
quy of  Antonio  (Corep«rio;,' on  entering 
the  grand  picture  gallery  of  the  Duke 
Ottavio,  a  cold,  hateful  cliaractcr,  by  the 
way,  to  whom  he  was  carrying  a  picture 
for  sale.  It  is  a  long  passage  for  extract- 
ing, but  it  will  repay  the  reader,  espe- 
cially if  he  have  artistic  tastes. 

**  Antonio  (enterg^  carrying  hi»  picture  on  hi$ 
back).    Arrived  at  l«st !   Good  Leavens,  bow 
tired  I  am ! 
(^Put«  his  picture  doum^  tak^  a  chairs  and  <ite.) 
It  was  80  hot,  Uie  road  so  long,  the  son 
So  iicorcliina:  I    11a  1  ttie  air's  refreshing  here. 
Ah  me.  how  happy  arc  earth*s  great  onea !    They 
May  dwell  in  these  cool  palaces  of  stone. 
That  hold,  like  excavated  rocks,  at  bay 
Tl»e  fliry  of  the  sunbeams.    Freely  rise 
Tlie  vaulted  roofH,  broad  pillars  cast  a  shade ; 
Fresh  bubbling  springs  plash  in  tha  vestibules, 
And  cool  both  air  and  walla.    Ueavensl  who  woold 

not 
Be  lodged  like  this  I    Well,  so  sball  I  be  soon. 
How  Fuioothly  and  bow  pleasantly  one  mounts 
Along  the  broad,  cold  marble  staircases  I 
Antiques  in  every  niche, — fine  basts,  that  look 
Bercuely  down  with  a  miOestic  calm. 

{Cu«ts  a  look  around  the  roam.) 
This  hall,  too,  is  right  noble  in  its  style. 
Ua !  what  is  this  I  see  ?    With  paintings  flird  ? 
It  is  the  picture-gallery.    Ob !  blessed  Virgin, 
I'm  in  a  temple,  and  I  knew  it  not  I 
Here  hang  the  glorious  trophies  of  yonr  art, 
Italians  painters  1— will  for  ages  bang, 
As  rich-emblazon'd  scutclieons  •'er  the  tombs 
Of  heroes  dead,  to  witness  of  tlieir  dceda. 
Oh.  all  ye  saints,  which  shall  I  first  peruse  t 
LandscaitoH,  and  animals,  heroes,  and  Madonnas  I 
Min^.  eye  flits  round,  as  does  a  bee  amidst 
An  hundred  different  flowers.    Alas  I  I  see, 
For  too  mach  seeing,  nought    I  only  fbel 
Art's  freeh  and  noble  presence  move  me  deeply. 
Oh,  I  were  fidn  to  bow  me  down,  and  weep 
Within  tills  temple  of  my  ancestors! 
Look  there  1    That  pictured  beantiftU  I    Yet  no, 
*Ha  not  ao  fine  as  first  I  thought  it    Well, 
They  cannot  all  be  cboloa.    What  have  we  hicvit 
NO|  that^i  too  merely  piettj.    In  mj  llfb 


I  ne'er  saw  any  thing  like  this  before ; 
An  aged  woman,  ftirblshtng  a  pot, 
WlUiin  her  kitchen;  In  the  oomer,  seel 
A  cat  asleep,  and,  near,  a  white-hair*d  boy 
Is  blowing  bubbles  through  a  tobacco  pipe. 
It  never  strack  me  until  now,  that  one 
Could  make  a  picture  out  of  things  like  theM ; 
And  yet  this  kitchen  now,  it  looks  so  trim. 
So  bright  and  clean,  'tis  quite  a  treat  to  see  I 
How  finely  the  sun  strikes  through  the  green  leevi^ 
In  at  the  window,  on  the  brazen  pot! 
Who  was  it  painted  this  ?    Is  that  the  name 
Beneath  the  picture?  {Reads.)  Flemish,  him  I  Un- 
known ! 
Flemish  ?    What  country  can  that  be,  I  wonder  t 
Can  it  be  (kr  from  Milan  ?    Oh,  look  there. 
At  theM  huge  pictures !  Tables  strewed  with  flowing 
With  glasses  partly  flU'd,  and  lemons  peeVd, 
And  dogs,  and  UtUe  blrda.    (Starte.)    What  bare  we 

here? 
Why  this  is  exquisite !    Ha,  ha,  ha,  ha  1 
Four  greedy  gray  beards  counting  o'er  their  gold  I 
But  what  comes  next  ?    It  is  our  Savlour'a  birtb. 
I  know  it  well,  Master  Mantegna's  work ! 
How  sweetly  winds  the  mountain  pathway  here; 
How  fine  the  three  kings  bending  there  before 
Child  Jesu^  and  the  eternal  qneen  of  heaven  I 
Here  is  another  picture,  much  the  same, 
A  little  quaint,  but  very  nicely  felt 
The  ox  on  the  Madonna's  shoulder  lays 
His  snout  and  peers  with  curious  wonder  down; 
The  Moor  grins  kindly  too,— his  heart  la  touch'd. 
The  small  bambino  in  tlie  casket  gropee. 
To  find  a  plaything  there.    By  Albert  Dnrer. 
He  was  a  German,  that  I  know.    One  seea 
There  be  good  worthy  men  behind  the  monntaina, 
True  painters,  toa   Hoaven^  what  a  glori«iU5  picture  1 
A  princely  dame,  young,  blo4>ming,  ftall  of  soul ; 
How  the  eye  bums,  how  smiles  the  little  mouth  I 
How  nobly  on  her  sits  the  roee-hued  hat 
Of  velvet  and  tlie  Aill  deep  velvet  sleeveal 
By  Leonard'  da  Vinci.    Well  might  he 
Be  called  Magician;— tills  indeed  is  painting  I 
The  next  there  is  a  king,  which  seems  to  me 
Touch'd  in  the  self-san}e  style;  perhaps  it  ia 
By  Leonardo  too ;  he  painted  it 
When  he  was  young,  most  probably.    {Beade.)  Bf 

Holbein. 
I  know  him  not    I  know  yon  theiv,  old  friends  I 
How  farest  thoti,  worthy  Femgino,  with 
Thy  soft  green  tone,  thy  figures  ranged  to  match 
On  either  side,  thy  still  repeated  thoughts, 
And  thy  unfailing  Saint  Sebastian  I 
Still  tbouYt  a  glorious  fellow !    Though,  perchance^ 
Some  more  invention  had  not  been  amiss. 

There  are  the  mighty  throned :  yonder  hanga 
A  powerAil  picture,  the  full  size  of  life. 
A  noble  graybeard  1    Tis  the  holy  Job. 
Grandly  conceived,  and  executed  grandly  I 
That  surely  is  by  EaphaeL    {Headt,)  No.    By— Fra 
Bartolomeo.    Ah,  Uie  pious  monk ! 
It  is  not  every  monk  can  work  like  this. 
Who  could  find  time  Ui  look  at  all  that'a  here? 
There  at  the  end  a  silken  curtain  bangs : 
No  doubt  behind  it  is  the  beat  of  all. 
I  must  see  this  before  Ottavio  comes 
(Z>rair«  haok  the  curtain^  and  ditoloaea  Bapka4t% 

Saint  Cedlia,) 
This  is  the  Saint  Cecilia  I    There  she  stands, 
And  in  her  down-drooped  hand  the  organ  beam 
Scattered  and  broken  at  her  fMtare  caat 
Here  worldly  inatniments;  bot  eren  the  ofpat 
Dropa  aUenoed  with  her  hand,  aa  in  the  elooda 
She  been  the  aenpha  qnirls^    HercTeadaitl 


Jr«lu — Snglith  Littrature, 


HI 


M^mmyAUmbtn.   ftnilv  Imk  li mf  aim, 

iAii^  OTR^viii.    AJmixtt\  witkffni  mimMm^ktm^ 


— THcrn  »fl  iin  infJiviJinil  who  ctll»  him* 
ic*f  Sim  Slick,  hui  ivho^c  niil  name  is 
ilfeUb<iri4}ti  ^  tst'i-^  sihd  Kketcb^s 

if  A«H9fk^^  ur|H»^  for  ihci  Eiig- 

I  oMHtei.     liv  i»  m  ^loVE  Scotum  by 
ar  f«iideDoe,  and  knoww  abcmt  as 
of  fimttine  Yink^  char^cltsr  a6 
Ui«  ooinic  ftctora  who  Attempt  to 
»l»  it  on  the  ittMgt^  I  c,^  h«  knowj^ 
A  Ifenr  KsnirtDDUH  enggcnitionH  iin<l  nuthinj; 
llri  n!pr««eiititkma^  how^vur,  aru 
ftMitvd  b  Eiitttftnd  lA  iho  truo  thiDg,  and 
I  0«ii  ol  tcT)  of  thu  current  Bifttig  cs* 
which  Uic   Eiifili^th    i-^rj-ibo  to 
^  mni  tak<*Ti  IW*fn  hi*  Imx»I*j«^  liuirer 
?i<ii   hr  I  =  Yftukeo  land. 

'  lOnkc  a  N  'Jcr  u  oddly  43 

fl  '  '  ':  MiEiKi'ji,  and  nr*  tocist 
I  la*  ftiith<?r-  But  Mr. 
-loii  9  [:i.«l  iHK^k  ift  ail  improvomeiit 
wmm  te  IbfUi^^r  ?olurii(^*  It  in  c^tJcd 
Mnk*  4«i«rfcaru  al  Home^  or  Hj^waifg^ 
B^ekwmffUmid  i^rairiim ; "  atid  ootimsta 

§£  4ttla0t6d  iiriiritirkl  Klnrit^M    fruTii  itui  iiriMlS 

«ltlMaet<t  i'Xttl 

IlLfipvnia  .;  riolic, 

KM  pf^flrotiRg  tiw  ckAinotvjv  uf  (j^  half- 
«nbaed  stiigrantM  and  buut^rt  of  the 
juitkr,  In  all  ibttb  txrlil,  hanly^  manlv^ 
iDi4  *»mHim*t  |)icUir«»^iue  a^Jrentiireg,  it 
i«  »ioti  |»ieoe  to  Mr.  fUUbuiton^g 

7  J^mermir)  tiumor,  whidi  was 

^— W«  can  \\  to  keep  our 

Mdira  oti  CfHirunc  ik  iiu  the  ooumo  of 
IMUi  Dovela,  for  they  aru  lasiatd  m 
w^iS^  md  iofKOtlen  fo  fi^n,  that  by  the 
llBMt  toa  laff*  ctlition  of  Putnam  t^m\\v^ 
ila  iMdarih  an  antiTo  new  batck  us  on  the 
rf«d,  Amoof  iha  biai  of  the  moat 
riL  tnjwtfrvr,  wi'  tirav  iu>tW  ItioftdloW' 


painstaking^  way.  which  imparta  to  all  the 
writitii^ft  of  thi8  atithon  such  a  rtawm- 
htance  nwd  air  of  ruiiimiln<'H4* ;  "  Auhny^^^ 
by  tho  ftuthor  of  Two  (*l«i  y\n\\  I'siIuFj 
eomewbiit  lcx)se  m  tcJElurc!  Riid  pxtravji- 
fant  in  wnfettjiiri  Imt  iKjwcrful  aiifl  ex- 
citing; the  i;j  upon  th<j  luv^of 
two  twin  bri!  be  same  Iiuly— the 
0119  a  reserir^]^  rludiotiSf  and  intelHir^&t 
man,  and  the  other  a  frank  sailor,  and 
ending,  of  course,  in  the  sutjci^ss  and 
punishment  of  tho  suhtle^t  not  I  hit  best  of 
the  two  suitors;  ^*  CounStrparin,  or  tht 
fro**  0/ijote,^^  by  the  author  of  Charles 
AucbesteTt  not  sujitainiug  the  pfomiec  of 
the  earlier  book,  with  more  of  (be  defects 
and  fewer  merits ;  ^^  Angeh^^^  a  romance 
of  moilern  Rome,  sihowinR  up  the  work- 
ings of  JcsuilJiim,  m  well  as  the  secret 
nioTemente  of  the  late  Ik' volution,  with 
the  reqtiiaiie  machinery  of  a  novul  of  ItaU 
ian  li%  oonai^ting  of  stilettoes,  traf  wit  wins, 
maska.  dungeons^  and  midnight  poi^on- 
ing$,  &.C. ;  and  la^t,  not  by  any  means 
leasts  "  Nanneti€  and  ftrr  Lor^r*."  by 
T ji  L  B  f>  r  G  w  VN  «  E»  As  the  laat  ha*  been 
republished  here^  we  may  say  ofjt,  at 
Itreater  length,  that  it  in  a  (story  of  freneh 
domestic  life  dnrinp;  tjje  era  oftb*?  rtvolu- 
tion.  The  heroint^,  at  the  tiioi*  it  opens, 
ia  on  the  eve  of  marria^^e  with  a  young 
eouritryniiuj.  but  the  c^rt^mooici*  aV*!  in- 
term  1^1  ltd  by  a  moU  The  lover  in  fynfml 
off  to  join  tho  army^  ns*es  in  rank*  but 
grown  selliiih  and  vain  aa  he  riseji,  and 
when  ho  oamea  back,  ia  indifferent  to  hia 
bettotlted.  who  anbfiequeutly  marricii  an« 
other  >  The  plot  ia  aim  pie  euou;^h,  but  it 
ig  artftiUy  told  j  and  in  it»  iiovf^ral  in- 
cfd^ntM  portraying  with  vivid  fidelity  the 
aji]»v«t  of  publie  aJfaim  al  the  etimtfiii 
priod  in  which  th#  gome  k  laid.  It  ia 
by  far  tho  Wt  of  any  of  Mr,  0 Wynne's 
Dorelfi  that  wo  have  looked  over, 

-^  Ab  the  r-         ^  f  .ruiclide  tit  a^aociat- 
ed  with  Tio%r  hlins  and  donioniif 

it  strike*  us  as  I*  3  iiTlIy  natural  that 
JoHH  NinTKK  RAOri.trFK  fihouUl  write  a 
history  of  **  n*wfi*,  GhotiMtiml  ^pHttM,'^ 
and  an  inntructtvi.^  hi»tyry  it  is^  wanting 
in  rcwarch  some  what,  but  *- ■■"-i-ng 
eiany  of  the  beal  antli^tic  i  civ 

lating  to  tlie  intN-iirnnca  ol  ^  \e,, 

and  an  in%i'  idauphy  ol   ibem* 

The  belief  lu  uHual  eadftancia  ia 

one  of  the  mmi  wtmnai  and  frido^nf9i4 
of  all  Oie  faith !i  of  the  human  aottf  pre» 
tailinj:  in  the   latrr  wko*  ^i  mjh 

ai  wvll  as  in  the  earlier,  aii  hU 

the   attempLK  of  j '  ito 

it,  even  in  an  a|:e  '  It 

^        '      H  Ih*  liabU  wm*  Kjiiie  k»  t  * 

.  vkJMCt  of  imliBciUty  and 


Edttamil  Noiti — Fi*inth  Liieraiuti, 


rism  J  kit  A  sounder  Ttew  now  ohtabi, 
ftud  these  supenmturnl  tc?n<iejides  are 
Qpnsifiered  as  the  protests  of  the  heart 
sg«jnst  that  scientific  nairowticss  which 
Ccmverta  nature  iato  a  mere  mcchaniian, 
fttid  eon  tines  life  to  mere  visible  reahties. 
It  gets  to  be  assodated  with  the  most 
monstrous  chimeras  and  miperstitionii,  and 
has  led  in  time«J  past,  to  ntes  inconeeiv- 
My  horricl,  and  to  mt'thorlH  of  legislation 
as  atrocious  as  they  were  absiurd ;  but 
lying  back  of  most"  of  its  Tagnnea,  are 
profound  and  central  truths,  Mr.  Uad- 
ehffc  tmcc,^  man  J  ol  these^  through  the 
religions  of  difTwrent  nations,  but  the  best 
part  of  his  book  is  t»kcn  up  with  Hallu- 
cinations, Dreams,  Presentiments,  kc,^ 
which  ho  accounts  for  on  the  same  prin- 
ciple aj?  Sir  David  Brewster,  Sir  Walter 
S^tt,  and  others  who  have  written  on  the 
Btibject.  The  Tolume  is  often  amusingj  in 
the  anecdotes  it  brings  together,  out  of 
the  literature  of  ail  nations* 

French, — Mf*  Stirling's  Cloister-Life 
of  Clmrles  the  Fifth,  m  well  knovrn  by 
thi^Lime  to  English  readers,  and  &up[H>s* 
©d  to  have  Lhi^>wn  much  new  ii^ht  upun 
the  histfjry  of  that  moT):irch ;  but  M, 
Ameoi^j:  PtcHOET,  in  his  Charles  Quint 
{Charles  Qitini^  Chroniqiie  fie  g(t  vie 
inter  if 'it  re  J  ti  sa  tie  poliHyne.  dc  mn  ah- 
tlicatktn^  et  de  sa  Jielraite  (fatt»  le 
Ciuitre  lie  yti9te%  has  tinned  at  qnite  op- 
posite conclusionSj  contending  that  he  is 
the  first  historian  who  has  really  obtain- 
ed a  glimpsii  at  the  true  personal  charac- 
ter and  domestic  life  of  the  hero.  But 
we  ftre  wrong  in  sj)ciiking  of  him  as  a 
historian ;  he  claims  to  be  a  mere  chroni- 
cler only;  but  whatever  he  is,  his  book 
seems  to  be  conchisive  as  to  its  subject. 
Spanish.  German,  and  English  authorities 
are  cited  in  abundance,  to  say  nothing  nf 
thoi<?  of  the  French  archives  to  wiiicli  he 
bftfl  had  access.  The  fiLtilt  of  the  work  is 
prolixity  and  ^upembundanoe.  though  the 
author  handles  his  m&Leriuls  with  great 
fVGVf  i ;  nn  an  d  j  udgmen  t, 

—  The  game  author  has  recently  pub- 
]ij(lied  a  book  about  the  Mnntions  {Lcs 
Ahrmorut)^  which  is  a  compilatian  ap- 
piu-enlly  from  the  various  accounts  of 
them  given  in  the  American  newspapers 
and  Enghsh  reviews.  It  is  noticed  in  the 
Ittt*uii  du  DeitJt  Mondes.  whicli  makes 
it*clf  ^uitfi  merry  ov*?r  the  doctrine  of 
fpiritiml  wives,  and  attempts  to  dc'dn<Ma 
the  movement  of  Jose i;*h  Smith  from  the 
Prok',slantJHm  of  the  IGth  cenlnry.com- 
bined  with  the  doctrines  of  the  ^Ij Henna* 
rians  and  Swedenborg,  and  a  touch  of  the 
Socmiists,  Poor  Jo^  if  he  were  alive  now 


^pniNJ^H 


would  be  surprijsed  to  find  what  an  illoa- 
trious  descent  his  craft  and  impudence 
had,  and  how  profoundly  philosophical 
his  spiritual  genesis! 

^The  seventh  volume  of  the  life  of 
Joseph  BonapuHe.  entitled  Atemotreit  ei 
Vorre»j)ondmce  Politique  el  Mihtairt 
du  Hoi  Joseph^  contains  the  sequel  of 
the  Siwinir>h  correspondence  down  to  Aprilj 
IS II.  It  has,  doubtless,  value  for  the  hit^ 
tcirian,  but  is  without  general  interest. 

— A  l>ook  is  printed  by  M.  G  a  Asset,  tx> 
prove  that  J.  J.  Rousseau  was  at  a  plaoe 
callwl  MontpelHer  once — an  important  fact 
not  mentioned  by  his  biographera^  In  tlie 
flrstT  he  shows  that  Rousseau,  then  about 
twenty- five  years  of  a^e.  sojounied  at 
Monti>Ldiier.  and  consulted  a  physician  for 
a  palpitation  of  the  heart  with  whith  he 
was  troubled  j  in  the  second  pnrt,  he  ^- 
tftblishes  his  relations  to  certain 
and  professors ;  and  in  the  third  part 
attempts  to  refute  the  very  poor  opii] 
that  Rousseau  appeared  to  have  of  its  in- 
habitants. The  nejtt  work  we  should 
recomtnend  the  author  to  undertake  would 
lie  a  translation  into  Frencli  of  Poole'a 
^aittJe  Pedlin^on." 

— We  postpone  a  number  of  works  on 
French  ethics,  that  we  may  get  iji  an  ex* 
tract  or  two  from  LAMAHTJiiE's  latest 
work^  "  Alftnfiirs  of  Celebrated  Chatoih 
lert,"  which  is  a  kmd  in  which  his  bril- 
liant faculties  work  to  the  tnost  advan- 
tage. As  a  regular  historian^  Lamartine 
has  remarkable  defects,  hut  as  a  sketchflr 
of  schemes  and  characters  in  history  be  had 
no  superiors.  lie  is  not  always  accurate 
it  is  true^  hut  he  is  quite  sure  to  be  pic^ 
turesque  and  impressiya  The  volumes 
beOjre  us  open  with  Nelson*  of  whom^and 
jsnrticularly  hi^  friend  Lady  Uamillon.  bs 
gives  a  most  striking  sketch*  Here  is  the 
introduction  of  the  latter  personage : 

"TJinfl  orlfrtnfcied^  by  the  enmhioition  of  oveiit^ 
trd  tbo  NCClikntAJ  «ym|i»tbjr  of  an  otrt  mui,  ttit}  Hoat 
HlUcbuifitii  b«tiir«eQ  ij>.*lKin  aikI  Lii\y  ILuiiilton; 

&rc  "f  Uio  vearUl  urMi  eiUTl«l  "i« 

And  ^  crlmv^  «  horn  eutun^n^t]  u 

Ta  c!i[)itnpfclii«nili,  dunrlijf'f  tlic  turilUHUuii  vf  ^a 

it  );if<!ti1ite4  nf^fxc'i^mrr  hi  Tftnt^  tS^  Mm  %tn\  ^W 

tqreft  of  L.n 

t^rwarclit  r.,  iJi- 

trmtrdlumy  ^    ---:,  •  j  *i^ 

(Yi>ni  tlic  hovel  (it  tier  tuoitJiert  *tnl  Une  tu.oiivciwt 

^eti»«f  T/rttstVin.  Iw  thi>  rnnlt  fif  »o  EurliMi  i 

tile  tii'i^cnelicnt   coinEi«iili»tL  m 

mjmftjf  of  Uie  M^nve*,  iv1i(r>|}  «j  '  v*^ 


185«.] 


Siilcml  Jf6k»~-Fnnth  Ziltrafure. 


9a$. 


*  Bm  oglf  ntm*  «ti  Ki^iiMit  ft»r  b#r  Attti«f  ««- 
■Ntovil  ■l«^y«  •vkao«n.  6ttt  «m  imm  of  the  vUl- 
im  «#  I9MW  nf  ctfm#  tif  fnrntfirf ,  nfboiB  mlitni  4** 
l|}b«i  t»  irtfr>  ^  fl#  Id  «04itprD«aii;lnn  fbr 

dip  A^  J«|  bir  tn»b«i4  hj  Jhtiih,  or.  Ukv  ]I«««r, 

fcwwi.  aai  ••a«e»d  le  b<>inpirr*  tt  11 1 iltw*  Iti  Wat«% 
^  iaiMiilii  e/£iicknd.  Sb*  cArtbd  tn  h«r 
■■B  •  Aaato  taftsl  tit  m  kw  m&miJtm  9I1L  Tb« 
liiBi^  «r  bctli  tarMM  ilM  flmpie  mottiitaiiiMTt  rif 
^  HiiCft  ti  UvitvA*n ;  tb*  ilnnfw  |iIc^h1  up  t, 
BwtHh\  nl  t<7  warklnf  fi>r  tb«  fltfUMfa  ■ltd  flwnlnf 
to  a*  ftrfiAft.  Tb#  aivktt4  ftwl  iwblii  foRtonca  uf  tho 
AAt  «wiiM  b9  piQf«4iii«  l%#  rnttior  that  b#f  blAii 
i«i IteilfiMiM  mA  mfmftfem  1  aU*  wm  mM  10  b*  a 
te^ttar  «r  Lord  lUUfka.  N<itliibf  *fUnri  «n^  «iLU«r 
tofev  Siftatti*  af  ittueiiTltia,  ipiva  coJtvf  bi  U^e  report 
Alllba  tfP  of  twi^tr«  ibvMTM  ]f*««1rc^t  tn  it  ti«ig^bUir^ 
^  ^Bll/  m  «liJMfw't  Mnvt  Tfa«  fN«|B«ni  ruj^ 
^i«r  «Mi*t  ««d  »toto<i  to  loadfm,  wbit*  Uivr 
n^iMi  to  Hi*  bMM  of  liMtr  r«lftllt«^  tbt  oeM^rit«d 
^■mii,  llofilc-]!,  e«t«  Ufrf  Um  4191  Ifk'ff  tifihm  Im- 
|ii«ai«  Wr  i^eup*  prviti)c*<l  o«  tb«  CTvnit  tn  tm^tl* 
f/lmm.  tad  •  v^n*  pmMitlnMnt  of  IIm  btftii  ft»rtai« 
mummkifhmft^w^^m^im*  Atrii¥tMa>bft 
Ml»l«'«m|»«aHMH«wi«tf<i,ftAi14  too  otaort 
mA  ctoamvslbHt  fbr  bur  scpciuldL  diwaa,  lAdl  tn* 
|ip4  iJiiii  In  tlM  lMraBafa«ld  «f  «  fw|««tAblo 
mi^Kmmm  li  LooikKL  A  ladf  of  tupeftor  twh, 
— life  iy  hit  ipgifwitu  In  a»»  iltof^  jtotaud  bf  to 
1 1^1^^  inMlliii  «f  MTTllwla.  Almwl  wIlboBt  MB  - 
fllfMit  la  lA  op«tiiil  &m1lx,  Rnitni  ^vi  beivclf 

w^B  i*  taigtaif^r  «of1iJ  ibr  tb*  k»v«  nr  MBMUet 
€|«aflittadBAi;  •!!« frMtii«tit«d Ibt  llMitet,iftd 
MHlBi  ^^mm  iIm  few  iMpirvU^mt  of  Ibi  i«etut  «f 
4^Ml»  wyiiiwiiiiiri,,  «r  Biftlon,  «tL»!  Attltud*,  whleh 
^  fBtbvtfM  ^Svr«afr<]#  tn  a  n«w  art,  wt»ji  •be  bn- 
«»•  ite  MlBMlid  itoim  of  hmmif  aim]  iwtloo. 

IM  i«jbBMi  W  frowtnt  Ml«  l^«  Uw  «b<Mf«  In* 

Im»4  tea  to  iMife  ft  «ttita£)afi  In  tUi»  Iknillr  ef  plia  of 
Ito  ViM^^Bik  Tb«  irrvpiLkiit J  ftn*l  Arwdoin  of  thti 
iBAifeft^a«k  Umi  mmtMtA  tnuEpdcmtw  vllh  »e«iif^ 
M«i«M%  i^  i^mrs  tiltlAtod  lior  la  tb«  lubard^ 
Mi*  attdiaaiaai  «#  ihm  df»niAllii  ktI  F^c^  imu  IbaA 
li  n»  Iswat  iiif  hrf  1  rk  of 

t^  I  wmtf.    UrrtAiw  -'1  IB 

8^inl  fPMB  tlb<v  tf ll'^tv'^j  ■nituai.^  if^  \hw  ni^jaL  |Hr4^ 

feai  IfaHiiL  Ha*  viHe*  m«  •offe,  ai«lkiW|  i&d 
iiiAA»  ^  Bigiiiiiiilut  d^p  tniifl  entotjoQ.  Htr 
«^Hi«M«i^  MdOwxl  «ttJb  iiiAw)itllilMt7  »•  d«ll<:«&« 
•dviVfliiy  »  Cb«  Unit  fr^TlcufNof  atlrflii  ttilcn.!,  irw^ 
«  Up  mnm  tta«,  pMalir«  tad  4iflilfA«,  Ad  who 
■9  kir  M  <lMi  ]MrM^  l9r  Mb  ifr*#4  Ifi  iliw^^  bing 

iavyi^Mft  ^brwfti  tlii|^r>w  ^iT  IWiitinv  naietn^d 
lw«'»«i  to  Mr  At{t«Ad*tii  p(jtiri«*n  «iib  *  taiytot 

«iilA  iilWlWBloB  4Bnpd  11^  (rrKfliflfk     flfaa  flMil 

InvfikMtt^Bf  tMitMgM  l«  Iba  atoktIiMiiari  Wr 
liMivaflp  IbVBtf  *  taftvivJ  #«««  la  tb*  ■<«■«  of  Iwr 
hmmf*  Hit  ftr«i  teu  nn*  gi«4  t  d«i««nt  i«  T»«>^ 
Ito  ft  ^Mtof  lni»  tJB|rtidMi»««  afftfliif  IhMD  a  j i«M> 

»^  ftoHi  KMtfyBMft,  i#  Ui«  rlli^t*  «<  ilav^tnUo, 

IB  if  fti  ttflDtf  VbA  Ikiil  anl  ^^an  an  •f^ylum  i«> 
Iv  ftaiiiir.  V0  ital»ad  bx  ^  r'ri--«^fai^  uMl  aafriftl 
te  icton  I*  Ilia  tarn  U  iiiDtit'f  9i]  1  h#  Tli4in«k  ICviiliii) 
tf  tt*  «Mmtf7  atf'  Uk«  ftrtaowit  a  diiCitr,  Kiwwnpiiiliil 

to  »  te  «v«ito  «rtotto^i9lavlMlfe»JttoiiCliM 


el  bf  F  bmlhf'r.  Won  tf  ttio  bc*wtif  flt  tha  Iklr  iwp- 
I^Uajit,  hf  tlttcTttHl  to  b#r  ifMjcf  nTt'T  ft^nr^  fviAQ^od 
b*r  ftwn  b*r  luw  ihrifiiftj  JiiHtif"'  r-Ab«lai«d 

brr  with  eluuiivftil  tiixur|%  fjf '  fW  iMti 

Mrpplled  btir  Willi  maaLim  In  l  v  v  ii^itlml  ai> 
flatnpAUhnittit,  txwiifLltlf  diBpte^oiL  bli  tooqUOTI  la 
publlA,  aiid  it^fl  btfft  wbeft  tbo  tquiidfoa  HiUvd,  «* 
|MMd  wlUiout  M%uKis$  fa  at* it^Mikdto,  Oiw  of 
bt«  ff  Ifi^ndiy^  trtiLTlrtET  ft  iiublr  ntiu*,  indrytapfiaj  of  ■ 
Iftriifi  fN»iiun<\  f«rri^«|  i>fr  tbe  fkUbl«ai  Irami  la  ta 
•itet<<  In  lb4  eoQUtrj,  irailiid  Ik^f  v  bb  wtf^  ntid* 
liar  tbfl  qiifci}  of  bantfn^  partl*^.  ftia*,  4nd  ^It; 
aji«I  floaElj,  fmwlnft  t^"^l  "f  *i«r  at  tbi^  cinl  of  UiS 
wut^n,  leA  lit'i  In  LuQilun,  at  lh«  iiifrrcy  i>f  cliaii^e^ 

Aflfir  describing  her  extinoTdmnfT  cm- 
recr  «!  length,  he  draws  the  curtain  !rom 
the  Ij^t  sccnii  la  these  fewr  lint's : 

•*X*Jy  Hjkcnilton,  anhtrnllf  rfitimhaM  «•  tbi 
lAtUgDiln^  Hiu**^  of  NelMioV  «m>f^  lank^  alLer  bli 
4*^K  Ititu  tlics  InidgtiljQaiiea  ftwot  wbleli  hur  ]Mr- 
aofiat  i-bftnnii  iUnn«  ba«l  «dg]iiid1y  el*tM«<|  hm.  tbt 
ftll  from  tb«  ApIvadAf  of  rloa  U>  Dtlci  saff«ot,  and 
l^tn  tipnkncv  to  iKivurtjr,  Twonitjr  jrt^Am  aHar  tba 
dMtb  oftW  Yktor  of  Trafalgaf ,  >&  auk  now  11  r«<mil«i 
itUI  ptioaiTtnc  1^  f«ui«loa  of  a«ir»uffllB4rjr  bcitiljr, 
dloA  111 «  im^n  Iwul  In  QiktK,  m\m%  ll>r  i«T«i«l 
ftHi^  wllb  rwlaoo4  tnciuia,  ibo  ba4  wtifflit  m  ob- 
ieon  a»|lum.  AfWr  |i«r  dtftHswie,  tbe  tftitdlofd  a^ 
«»nBltiod  frvtm  b«r  pap^'n  tbat  thla  Littft(»iMlab«d  « 
PtiMaM-  ira»  La4j  lUiiilllim,  tlw  wldaw  of  m  «ai- 
tiwilnir,  lb«  Itvorll*  of  th*  Qmmi  of  Naptitfv  ind 
fb*«iQf«4iiitatrwiof  !C«lii«l  Sb«  vu  btirM  ^ 
P«Wl9  aiufttfi  KilM9i«  br  nimltif  her  in  fil4  wUt, 
fawl  «ilf  b9«|iU«Mll«d  b>  ber  Ilia  kwtd^  4f  hii  atfaoti* 
Vi«ai  iod  Um  ladlfBallov  of  Ills  oonnclj*'' 

The  life  of  Netfoa  is  jbllow^d  hy  thit 
of  Heloisc,  th<jn  cotUiJB  Chrislophtr  Co- 
lumbus I  thtJii  Palissjr  the  PotU'r ;  th«ti 
lh«  fabulous  hero  fUiostaiii,  hy  MniJiMno 
LtmartJae ;  aod  then  in  order  Ci{X!ro, 
J»C4)uarfl,  the  iuvujitor  or  the  Uxiin  ; 
Juan  of  Arc,  Crouiwell,  Homer,  Gotten- 
b«rg  antl  Feneloin  Tho  iJluiitrJoiis  au- 
Ibof  iutimaie>i  that  thi^  lit  the  li^t  book 
he  tBtonrk  l«>  piibh^hf  bul  the  ftiinouiic«* 
mi?nt  wc  susficci  is  &  ruite  to  assist  his 
piiblisheTi  Aud  in  pncUminAry  to  luon 
bat  worot.  If  a  hu  gmwQ  oi]<«l«g%  in 
bli  Iftter  publkatiofia^  bul  v«  ctn  lU 
ftffurd  lo  1o«ic  \m  hrtUiant  aeDtimetitdl- 
tJi^a  Slid  ideal  imtjfms.  We  ptefer,  how- 
efffT,  that  he  should  dwell  upoi^  the  ]I&* 
loifie%  trid  the  Kinnm  lUtiixltoii!^,  than 
opon  tbo  Cromwelk  (whom  he  einiool 
compreiiEnd),  or  better  «tUI,  to  oi>tttxiLU« 
Ihs  meinolrft  of  his  own  lirc% 

^tho  CqhiiwcIdi  of  tlu)  Baiir«e,  (l4« 
C&SOfueM  dt  la  Bmirae)  m  the  Meioon* 
able  Utle  of  a  httle  sattncal  tale  by  F,  0s 
UdoitfKtLLiift^  in  wbich  he  expoM^  th« 
hitluetiee  of  isluck  (^ntiihlhig^  The  bero  i« 
a  jin*tTsji*SH^^*i-toJ  JJrrtoii^  whf>  ih  gmdniS* 
I J  »  ito  ftll  tlui  irivhturii'H  uf  J*»* 

risiJ '  rii  dimn^  %\  \\wf  Vi%Ax\\  m 

the  HaiMde  ifoulugtiej  U»  mt^ii^i^^^Mte-  1 


afsa 


EdUoriat  ^ates — German  Ziterafun. 


[Aug, 


did  fortune  by  moEns  of  th«  agent  de 
change.  The  sketehos  of  character  &nd 
tho  iocidenta  ore  Uighljr  Amusing. 

German. — ^Ourreiidors  mny  remember 

RH  article  on  a  new  German  speculator 
called  Schopenhaaer,  which  af*peared 
lately  in  thti  iVtittmimier  Hcview.  but 
since  then,  one  of  hi^  countryiiien,  M, 
JuLiitt  Fraukkbtaedt,  hag  published  a 
book  named  Letters  on  the  Philosophy 
of  Schopenhauer  ( Bn^fe  uber  dto  Scho- 
^nhauer^  tche  Fhilvjiophk)^  in  which 
nis  system  appears  more  at  lenj^th.  We 
have  spok»sn  of  him  as  a  newr  speculator, 
but  he  bi  only  new  to  ttie  public,  his  flr^t 
work  having  appeared  as  early  as  1813, 
and  he  having  be^n  bom  in  1788.  Mr* 
Fran  en  Ktaedt  is  a  perfect  enthusiast  in 
his  behalf,  speaks  of  Ficbte,  Schelling,  and 
Hegel  as  tyroa  in  comparison  with  him» 
while  bo  m  said  to  be  the  only  German 
who  is  worthy  to  wear  the  mantle  of 
Kant  Wliat  'the  peculiarities  of  his  sj fi- 
le m  are^  we  are  not  able  lo  eay,  nor  do 
M'e  EUp[)05e  one  in  a  thousand  readers 
caiejk 

— The  Albanian  studies  of  ITahn  (Ai- 
bancische  Sludten}^  who  was  a  consul  of 
Austria  in  Greece  for  a  number  of  yeiirs^ 
reading  principally  in  tl^e  oriental  part  of 
the  kingdom*  where  he  had  an  opportu- 
nity of  acquiring  the  language  and  iftudy* 
ing  the  miinnors  of  tht!  Albanians^  h  at-* 
most  the  onJy  good  work  on  the  subject 
that  we  know.  It  presents  a  faithful  ac- 
count of  that  people,  who  have  so  long 
litubljornly  niaintaioed  their  independ- 
ence uf  other  nations^  just  as  they  are. 
The  Albanians  have  preserved  their  orl- 
g:mality  with  as  nuich  tenacity  as  the 
Basque,  the  Hungarians,  or  the  Finni ; 
they  are  energetically  characterized  by 
their  tnanners,  and  though  not  more  than  ■ 
two  niiltions  in  nundier^  aro  striking  tni* 
dencotj  of  the  force  of  personality  in  pre- 
Kcnring  a  |ieople.  Air.  Habn  ia  very 
learned  in  tracing  out  their  ethnological 
origin,  contending  that  they  are  the  do- 
ficendant^  of  Llio  ancieut  Macedonians,  but 
the  most  valuable  part  of  his  work  relates 
to  tlieir  iMjpuIar  poetry,  their  tales,  their 
Icjgeu'la  their  language,  their  proverbci, 
and  their  local  traditions. 

— ^A  monograph  on  the  Jaoobln  Club 
{Her  Jakftbitier  Klub),  by  J.  W,  Yan- 
KtA^i^H.  is  a  contribution  to  the  history 
of  parties  and  pf^litical  morals  in  Franco 
during  the  revolutionary  [>enodt  of  rare 
value.  The  first  TOlunie  was  issued  a 
lung  time*  aine€?.  but  the  second  is  more 
recent^  and  togethiT  they  will  form,  we 
ttml^  Uw  8Un(hfd  authority  oe   thie 


Jacobins,  The  author  has  arailed  him* 
self  of  a  long  residence  in  Paris  to  consult 
the  most  authentic  documents^  and  Jiaa 
left  none  of  the  recent  memoirs  unrt^ad 
that  threw  the  least  light  upon  the  secret 
movements  of  the  famous  revolutionary 
society.  Unlike  most  Germans,  he  writes 
in  a  clear  -and  intelligibk*  style,  not  con* 
fining  himself  to  an  industrial  dctnil  of 
evenly  hut  tilling  up  a  grand  general 
outline  with  anecdotes,  portraits,  and  other 
dram atic  i  1 1  ustrat ions . 

—  Veuse's  **  ilfemotV  of  ike  Court  of 
Prusma  "  is  a  collection  of  historical  no- 
tices of  Prussia  during  the  last  century 
and  a  half.  We  take  from  It  ih*?  follow- 
ing passage,  relating  to  Frederick  William 
L  as  a  specimen  of  the  detaik  witk 
which  it  abouiitls : 

*•  Frederick  'WlllfAm  wns  must  otttnuffOTwly  rait 
anel  in^gtUisg  In  Bpuakln^  wid  wfttlug.  Tb?  cplUi^tt, 
or  '^MInSo^  r«9cal^  BcoundreC  "frvte  mmUmlly  ua  tli« 
royiil  lip«k  If  ln>  wm  d!aplch*©il  ftlfh  «  report  <ir  i 
pcilUno,  he  uACil  tn  (\fww  mk  ihe  ttintgUi  tm^'  li»da 
aodcftrik  Tbe  nohU  mlnl^tctsi,  wtit;  Tucre  nsmt  td 
eoE»ld«r  Idleneaft  m  »n  irlittM^nincsl  privtleieet  li* 
ordered  iktwat  Hk«  «  i^revJ  of  »flFHMniimi»ln««d 
Dllleere.  Anj  minister  wiii^  wUhmil:  l^uve  of  tlu» 
king  or  the  &xca»  nt  lllnesa.  wu  (m^  1  "  fo 

f*rt-  the  flIttUig,  tuMl  tci  jwy  it  Rni?  uf  o^i-  !- 

CAU;  If  he  wii  htwiit  from  Ujp  wholi  ;  r» 

year  ;  If  tho  namv  Utlng  litfjjwnM  n  nt-eimti  Um<s  Htn- 

In  h\i  aiitogiH[ih  tuslruotlorvA  for  Uie  ■  <.- 

tDtiom,  ba  SAkI:  *Tbe  ^niliimtio  aro  ["  i1l 

which  we  pftf  ib&ja  for/ 

"On*  of  hU  vntista  one  eTfljilrigh*d  tfl  rmA  pnf^n 
to  Mm.   Arrlvliig  at  Uip  woi^a  *  The  I  *        '    --,* 

the  iiflf  mui,  in  hit  hutiltuiul  sah^'r  J'tt 

ha  rouftt  re»4l,'TtLe  JUjrI  hies*  yuitr   '  an 

which  Ihfl  k\as  *t  once  i>iil  hhn  thatl-'  Viru  tttm^AU 
reid  u  it  t»  til  Uie  buok  t  hafuni  OofI  Almii^htf  I 
hut  A  nKdl  Ilka  jottTSvlf.'^  The  errvjUit^  ysvTv  in 
eaf&  In  hta  |>tx»«itF«.  Ue  had  aJwHf?  i^«  o  p\\ 
tcMidiKl  With  salt,  If  lug  bj  hia  nlde,  wtikrli,  tf 
hlundvnMit  he  v'oiild  fire  At  thcva.  la  Uil»  minnntf^ 
i>iie  QiAn.  hoA  hU  f^t  drfUftniitlj  hiJviTvdi  nrid  uiuth^ 
Iwt  All  c^vc ;  notwhhfliLtitllo^  All  iaIjI'  1  itg 

o^OKitvt  tlint  he  shMiiJil  bi*  guytiTMlly  ■  /* 

mit.    Terror  inlgtit  bv  said  Ut  go  I  >  A. 

IhncUrqmry  Tfvha  wm  <mcc  vnrfxi^wvisl^}'  rkiiiiiJiiMfiied 
to  hl»  ftru^^eni^A,  fell  down   dfAd   ftuJii   fUjtltL     Uls 

CMdl'  ^  "      ■  ,      ''       -  ■  '       '■       ".Jit 

otic  li 

r«?0ii-  ,  !'- 

wltli  Ufo  c^brr  shs^t  h1m!«»ir  tlimairtii  thu  hrafl.  On* 
dj|r,  the  khi^  full  la  wlUa  la-  V       -      f* 

whnot,  for  n  ccJTi^lk'^rAUrvn  of  n  '.tn 

liiul  ifrtTiLM  tho  titlci  uf  (iTl^  J  >  im 

luitjd  ii3'f*l  4]iiMU4in,  *  WhO'  ve  j^hi  ;  '  ih«-  j>ri>»tfl 
tnAfi  vf  ttic  Tii&»tle  Ah^imrMl    *lViur  roval  lljiji«iitjr% 

pplivy  .         ■ ■-''■■        ■■  r,4 

die*  I* 

Jcf  1.1  .      '«* 

rri£|f<iUAl>  j,»ltH<«M.^t  iu  iLii.i.J4iiittu  t4<  L^Jii,  Ui«it  »i\  fiittif* 
hM  wiA  ttf  AUiiWtMrt  *  I  Mtti  caUaU  (trtry  rauMtiar 


I  ua       I 

M 


ItM.] 


itoritti  JVo<r#— /"ttu  ArU, 


8« 


Hi(  H  WBM  foil*  Hat   '  ^^  ju^ 


^      k...      rii^l^LJ       ......T.l^     nlUI      iVllll      Lift 


*  It  van  t  Tr-  t  "filnff  t*i  mwt  the  Itlrif  Itj 

Urn  ^tvvvi     ^  ""*  •unek  hy  th«  t-itpcmt- 

mm  ii  marf  mtim^  or  i^..^  i.t«  to  Mm  «o  oAomIj,  tii*t 
Wm  ta«4  «f  llli  kotw  Uiaeb#a  Ut«  mia>  eM«L  Tfifto 
IAiv«lfte««ttJd«|iM«Ckn,*Wbotf*Taiaf*  T)»o«t 
«iaB  to  t*i^  ttw  Wrmvefttmn  watt  lufQ  ta»  N  ittf|if i«ij 

«fiiy  «*>^'  '  '"  ♦-..-......   «i  ^  a0tnnd*f- 

I  It  |mefasf«  iPMv 

«»f .  u  An  mujLiiLku  that  ii«  4l)d  fiaiCEifl«l4«r 
c>1li  I«tt4r  than  ooid«41«im    Tb«  hmi  of 

t  Qi««aiAi6r«  imm  «t9«r«rvi|  U»  tlikl  Ho* 
*Oiil,  •ktr,  rt  iiiFtoul  I  Aritfi^*    Sll«ll 
r^lff  ■■mm  }4(r«^''tT  t'^r  uinL^p>-\  a,nd  PntotuiNi 

H^    U  inffM'u^.'^  .       -.^jr   ..Ji.»  .  v*^*t  AiwlnN;  lb* 

tiii ^ »  ^NMKTt  u»k  tn  Ml  toMto;  bsi  Mnf  ncio 

I  ■iirti>iiw  If  h\m,  rii.  t^^rr  fellow  «Q«itaMd  Vbal  b# 

n        lli  ^w«  ifrii  :  /  tfiimrdi»i«l]r  ba^  lA 

I        •ali^  Idm.  •  I  ^  Lt»vii  aid,  Urflt  IM  Jfv« 


riHS    4ETi, 


ATTLitc<rtitfif  ■n<l  I'mnhrij^.  whldi  hire 
I  to  ■?*'  l!e<l  in  Hitirk  A-owdj 

m  f  J  m  Now  York  by 

J4ibj»  Wikv  a^jn  v>-'j  Ivmm  from  thcnif 
Hial  it  wHi  Im  ft  lour  Imie  befun?  Iho 
nvfti  eriiJi:  of  «n  will  airsln  pubUnh  my 
M|f  0«    III*    9uUJect    ^tf   ft^Kitocture. 


r,.lc   rl.. 


th- 


riti  Activia 

u  the 

I  h«  iiii:^   Ikpcfi  toe- 

'»r  Kdiiihurgh-  W© 

:u»  mucb,  tod 

i  li  wv  to  txer* 

thin  he  found  in 

Tiro  of  biii  loe* 

llHttt  crty,  ftiid  the  other  two  to  liini- 

mJ  Pf«-Riphn  '      '  "      ^ 

do  tmt  micAt  t; 
malMiioil  to  Uit' 


kl  Umij  mrt  full  ^  hvuhncju  Mini  i»owh 


tr,  eTen  to  those  who  aru  fkmtlinr  ^rith 
hia  pr«Tioti5  publientiotiK.  Kvi'ii  thoao 
who  cjMinot  comprehciiil  U\h  r!i<iictJ  phi- 
losophy of  the  true  aims  of  art,  aii'l  of 
course  wboUf  dillcr  from  liis  cuuolusioni, 
tnu&t  still  be  eiit^rtattjcid  by  hi^  urigitial- 
ity  of  thought,  and  itci|iroTed  by  \m  vip)T* 
ous  and  li^rlesi  eiTprefldoil  of  o]>iii»oiis. 
He  often  gives  utteritiec  to  idem*  that  are 
iiioat  amu singly  absurd  to  those  who  ifQ 
not  thoniUf;;ldy  imbued  with  his  prindr 
plc^  In  a  brief  irpisode  in  one  of  hm  leo- 
h\Tt^ on  the  nicatiingof  Romatice and  Uto- 
pianisiii^  he  naine«  an  author  whom  he  ft^ 
cuMc»  (if  having  don©  more  to  degrade  tho 
hum  An  miml  and  paralyze  its  divine  OA^ 
tnre.  than  any  other  irjao  wbo  haa  lived 
in  the  tide  of  time.  We  would  like  (0 
bet  our  gold  pen,  that  there  i*  not  a  m&t- 
ah»t  hvmg  shrewd  enough  to  surmise  who 
that  pcmidouB  author  la.  It  b  not  Vol- 
tAire,  nor  Rousseau,  nor  any  German  phi- 
losopher, nor  English  ini)dfl^  nor  French 
inoraliBt.  nor  American  democrat,  but  the 
imuiortil  t'i.TTantc.%  whofje  dim  and  mm^ 
li^iaut  pro^lucUun  in  Hon  Quixote. 

Mr.  Husk  in 'si  atUckti  on  tirt-vk  archi- 
tecture and  the  old  latidK-a^^c  fiaintera, 
mubt  nppfar  to  the  nmjtjrity  of  rvaclers 
fcrv  nuK-h  like  Don  Quixote'.-*  battle 
witn  the  windmilH  and  the  onslaught 
npon  an  iunocent  Ooek  of  »ht?ep  :  and  ho 
ddubtkfifl  cntiTiainn  a  vltv  warm  ftfling 
of  »ytn(>athy  for  that  mad  knijrht- errantry 
wltkch  has^  bctfn  mafle  tho  *uljj(Hn  of  im- 
mortal niirih  by  Cerranttss.  1 1  would 
not  be  a  dttlictilt  mailer  lo  run  a  very 
strikiii)^  ptualk-l  Irt'twttn*  Uon  Qniioto 
and  Mr,  Ku.skJn,  and  his  rtheuicnt  de- 
nnneialion  of  thf  en- a  tor  of  tliat  marvel 
of  wit,  T  ^'  T  a  eonfotf^i^jn  that  tho 
Ox  ford  L  h  1  m  s^v  I  f  ?-■  i  i^r  * »!  lmj  f  t  ho 

likt^nesj*  v^ ..,-  -.  ,.^  U*srii  to  the  Juji|;hl  of 
La  M ancJia.  The ( Uflc ren rr  Ih' t w t e n  tliem 
i%  that  while  the  author  of  the  Scveo 
liuapt  iMim  niiid  only  to  thoM  who  m^ 
Dol  ootBfirthend  him.  the  Don  ii  mad  m 
«very  bofiy  bni  himK'ir. 

The  Kdinburf;;^  jM^^ple  hare  bniflt  boAgtod 
of  their  ardiiti^etural  jtpUndorK,  rind  liftfv 
absurdly  callin!  thdr  Miiall  tttwn  tho 
Korthem  Atl 
ilial  amuAini: 
^lingH  and  , 
which  itj  chnr  i    .i 

Eealoum  refynni  r-,  i' 
plain i:^t  and  itioitt  m  \  i  .<  i  i  .- 
Kfjvcial  rcfuicrice  ti>  Un  u  ■. 
provrn  bi'voud  the  f>os  iLi  i 
that  tlifir  '-.^  i!.-  iinpij,  tt  ,],, 
la>-tc.ah  3iri'4r-^utii'.   ..:  .i-ii-.!  i.: 

fwlinjf  ft Liuuat^ii,    \\  ktK  \f^\\>A 

be  wooikwL  MX  lli&i  b\idk^^;»d  W  la^l 


Mr  liufikin.  with 
to  MiH  jM  r^unal 


,r  1., 


.],. 


in  UiO 
KT  with 

-V  and 

V  '  n^^'lr 


282 


Editorial  Notes — Fine  Arts. 


[Aug. 


with  the  great  critic ;  for,  with  a  few  quiet 
words  he  has  completely  demolished  the 
pretensions  of  Edinburgh  to  be  consid- 
ered a  fine  city,  and  at  a  few  blasts  of 
bis  critical  ram's  horn  the  architectural 
glories  of  the  New  Town  have  fallen.  If 
the  force  of  his  criticisms  had  not  been 
felt,  we  should  not  have  seen  such  an 
angry  reply  to  them  in  Blackwood.  The 
two  radical  principles  of  the  Kuskinian 
theory  of  art  are  that  mind  is  better  than 
machinery,  and  that  truth  is  better  than 
fisdsehood.  These  two  ideas  lie  at  the  bot- 
tom of  all  of  the  criticisms  and  dogmatisms 
of  the  Oxford  graduate,  and  it  is  because 
tlie  very  bases  of  all  his  remarkable  and 
startling  theories  have  either  been  lost 
sight  of,  or  never  comprehended,  that  he 
has  been  so  generally  misunderstood,  ridi- 
culed and  abused.  But,  though  we  do 
not  anticipate  an  immediate  revolution  in 
architecture,  painting,  and  sculpture,  it  is 
not  possible  that  his  remarkable  writings 
should  fail  to  give  an  entirely  new  direc- 
tion to  the  artistic  operations  of  the  next 
generation.  The  old  men  will  persevere  in 
their  old  ways;  but  the  new  men,  who 
have  a  career  to  make,  will  profit  by  the 
profound  and  sagacious  theories  which 
the  author  of  the  Stones  of  Venice  has 
elucidated  in  his  various  writings.  Ac- 
cording to  him,  and  we  cannot  dissent 
from  his  opinions,  architecture  has  been  a 
lost  art  during  the  past  two  hundred 
years.  In  all  that  time  there  has  been  an 
immense  deal  of  costly  building  in  Chris- 
tendom, but  nothing  that  deserves  the 
name  of  noble  architecture. 

But,  it  is  not  as  an  expounder  of  the  true 
theory  of  art  that  he  is  alone  entitled  to 
admiration;  for  even  though  all  he  had 
written  on  art  were  false  and  worthless, 
there  would  be  enough  remaining,  inter- 
woven among  his  criticisms,  on  the 
moralities  of  life,  and  the  religious  re- 
sponsibilities of  our  nature,  to  place  his 
writings  among  the  most  remarkable  and 
profitable  that  the  century  has  produced. 
In  one  of  his  Edinburgh  lectures  on  Ar- 
chitecture there  is  a  passage  in  relation  to 
purchases  of  works  of  art,  so  full  of  noble 
thought,  and  the  refined  essence  of  Chris- 
tian feeling,  that  we  copy  it,  as  much  for 
its  intrinsio  beauty  as,  the  novel  and  sub- 
tle principle  which  it  evolves. 

"  There  is,  assuredly,  no  action  of  our 
social  life,  however  unimportant,  which, 
by  kindly  thought,  may  not  be  made  to 
have  a  beneficial  influence  upon  others; 
and,  it  is  impossible  to  spend  the  smallest 


sum  of  money,  for  any  not  absolute  pur- 
pose, without  a  grave  responsibility  attadi* 
ing  to  the  manner  of  spending  it.  The 
object  we  ourselves  covet,  may,  indeed, 
be  desirable  and  harmless,  so  far  as  we 
are  concerned,  but  the  providing  us  with 
it  may.  perhaps,  be  a  very  prejudicial 
occupation  to  some  one  else;  and  then 
it  becomes  instantly  a  moral  question, 
whether  we  are  to  indulge  ourselves  in  it 
or  not.  Whatever  we  wish  to  bu^,  we 
ought  first  to  consider  not  only  if  the 
thing  be  fit  fur  us,  but  if  the  manufactnre 
be  a  wholesome  and  happy  one ;  and  iff 
on  the  whole,  the  sum  we  are  going  to 
spend,  would  do  as  much  good  spent  in 
this  way  as  it  would  if  spent  in  any  other 
way.  It  may  be  said  we  have  not  time 
to  consider  all  this  before  we  make  a  pur- 
chase. But  no  time  could  be  spent  in  a 
more  important  duty;  and  God  never  im- 
poses a  duty  without  giving  the  time 
to  do  it.  Let  us,  however,  only  ac- 
knowledge the  principle ; — once  make  up 
your  mind  to  allow'  the  consideration  of 
the  effect  of  your  purchases,  and  you  will 
soon  easily  find  groimds  enough  to  de- 
cide upon.  Now  let  us  remember,  thai 
every  farthing  wo  spend  on  objects  of  art 
has  influence  over  men's  minds  and  spir- 
its, far  more  than  over  their  bodies.  By 
the  purchase  of  every  print  which  hangs 
on  your  walls,  of  every  cup  out  of  whidi 
you  drink,  and  every  table  off  which  yon 
eat  your  bread,  you  are  educating  a  mass 
of  men  in  one  way  or  another.  You  are 
either  employing  them  healthily  or  un- 
wholcsomely ;  you  are  making  them  lead 
happy  or  unhappy  lives ;  you  are  leading 
them  to  look  at  nature  and  to  love  her — 
to  think,  to  feel,  to  enjoy;  or  you  are 
blinding  them  to  nature  and  keeping  them 
bound,  like  beasts  of  burden,  in  mechan- 
ical and  monotonous  employments.  We 
shall  all  be  asked  one  day  why  we  did 
not  think  more  of  this." 

The  particular  applkxtion  which  Mr. 
Ruskin  makes  of  this  principle  is.  that  it 
is  better  for  the  cause  of  art  and  human- 
ity to  purchase  a  cheap,  originkl  water- 
color  painting,  than  a  hi^h-priced  eligraT- 
mg,  an  opinion  from  which  no  man  with 
a  heart  in  his  bosom,  or  a  sound  idea 
in  his  head;  will  dissent.  But  if  this 
principle  be  true  in  the  morals  of  trade, 
and  we  do  not  see  how  it  can  honestly  be 
gainsaid,  with  what  force  can  it  be  ap- 
plied to  the  case  of  literaiy  purchases 
m  this  country. 


PUTNAM'S   MONTHLY. 

%  ffiaja^int  of  Jhtrature,  Stitnte,  aiib  %xl 


VOL  IV-SEPT.  1854.~NO.  XXL 


OUR   PARTIES   AND   POLITICS. 


FOREIGNERS  complain  that  tlioy  can- 
ii«»t  itmiily  understand  our  political 
ptftMd,  and  we  do  not  wonder  at  it,  be- 
euae  thute  parties  do  not  always  under- 
iUnd  themselves.  Their  controversies 
13m  the  old  homoouaian  disputes  of  the 
chareh,  ottea  tarn  up(jn  such  niceties  of 
dUtiDctaon,  that  to  discern  their  ditTer- 
weeai  require*  optics  as  sliurp  ad  those 
of  Jilatler^d  hero,  who  could 

**  Serer  and  dlrlde 

BilaUisortb-wett  ami  north-west  tide.'* 

What  with  whiffs,  democratic  whigs, 
detniicratj^,  true  democrats,  barnburners, 
houlufr^  silver  grays,  woolly  heads  s«)t'c 
Avila,  hard  bhell^  nationul  ret'ormers, 
frc-eitera,  and  fihbusteros,  it  is  not  ditli- 
eult  to  iioagine  how  the  exotic  intellect 
should  gvt  i>en)Iexed!  Even  to  our 
satire  and  readier  ap]>rolienbions,  the 
direrMly  of  principle  liidden  under  the 
diri-rsiKy  of  imines,  is  not  always  palpa- 
ble; While  it  must  be  conre:>^ed,  that 
««r  riarties  are  not  universally  so  con- 
a«tent  with  themselves  as  to  enable  us 
to  Hrittf  their  distinctive  creeds  in  a 
hiTn-hoi'k. 

Yet,  on  a  closer  survey,  it  is  found 
tliAt  |>ariies  here  are  \kiry  nmch  the 
Uiiie,  ill  their  characteristic  tendencies 
•nd  aims,  as  i>arties  el.Miwhere.  They 
onginate  iu  that  human  nuiure,  which  is 
the  same  e%'erywhere  (moditied  by  l(x;al 
circuiJK^tances  onlv),  and  they  exhibit  un- 
der the  %'ariou^i  iuUuences  of  pers«jnal  ct)n- 
UitutioD,  ambition,  interest,  <kc.,  the  {»aino 
euntrast-*  of  seltishness  and  virtue,  of 
cmft,  audacity,  geniuA,  falsehiKMl,  wisdom 
lad  fully.  It  Ih  true  that  our  ditlereuces 
tre  Out  feemingly  so  fundamtnial  and 
weU-proiicMinced    as    Ukmo    of    older 

TOL.  IT. — 16. 


nations.  We  have  no  contests  here  as 
the  elementary  principles  of  government. 
A  monarchist  is  perhaps  not  to  be  found 
from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  tlie  Kio  Grande, 
any  more  than  a  rhinoceros  or  lammer- 
gevor.  We  are  all  republicans;  we  all 
believe  in  the  supremacy  of  the  {looplo; 
and  our  convictions,  as  to  the  general 
nature  and  sphere  of  legislation,  are  as 
uniform  as  if  they  had  been  produced 
by  a  process  of  mental  stereotyi>e. 

!Jut  within  the  range  prescribed  by 
this  more  general  unanimity,  there  has 
been  ample  room  and  verge  enough,  for 
the  evolution  of  many  hoiited  and  dis- 
tempered antagonisms.  AVc  havu  agreed 
that  our  governments  should  be  republi- 
can, but  as  to  what  functions  they  should 
exercise  and  what  they  should  leave  to 
the  people,  we  have  not  always  agreed ; 
We  have  agreed  that  the  sepanite  States 
should  be  sovereign  and  indei>endent, 
but  to  what  extent  they  might  carry 
tliat  sovereigniv  and  independence  we 
have  not  agreed;  we  have  agreed  that 
the  benetits  of  Uie  federal  union  should 
be,  from  time  to  time,  extended  to  new 
territories,  but  on  what  terms  they 
should  be  extended,  we  have  not  agreed ; 
we  have  airreed  to  keep  aloof  fnmi  the 
dome^tic  atfairs  of  other  nations,  but  tis 
to  the  details  of  ftueigti  i>olioy  in-sid-j  t)f 
this  Sidutary  rule,  we  have  not  ajrreed. 
There  ha>«  been  anion;;  us  always,  there- 
fore, ra<lical  dissents  and  oi»po>ilions. 
We  have  had  parties  of  many  stripes  and 
calibres — scuno  which  favored,  and  some 
which  opposed  a  large  ccmcentration  of 
power  in  the  federal  government ;  some 
which  have  proposed  to  aocomplish  their 
social  objects  by  legislative  and  «itheni 
by  voluntary  action ;  Mime  which  lutTe 


234 


Our  Parties  and  Politics. 


[Sept 


desired  to  restrict  the  elective  franchise, 
and  others  to  extend  it;  some  which 
have  opposed  the  acquisition  of  more 
territory,  and  others  willing  to  run  the 
risk  of  war  for  its  sake;  some  which 
have  aimed  at  the  destruction  of  the 
Union,  nnd  others  eager  to  sacrifice  honor 
find  liberty  itself,  to  the  preservation  of 
the  Union.  In  short,  there  has  been  an 
endless  scope  for  parties. 

It  is  a  common  saying,  we  know,  that 
there  can  be  but  two  parties  in  any 
nation, — the  movement  and  the  sta- 
tionary parties, — and  this  is  true  as  a 
pliilosophical  generalisation,  deduced 
from  the  changes  of  a  certain  period  of 
time,  but  it  is  not  true  always  as  a  con- 
temporary and  actual  fact.  In  the  long 
run,  of  course,  all  parties  will  be  found 
to  have  advanced  or  retarded  the  pro- 
gress of  society,  but  in  the  immediate 
and  present  aspect  of  things,  parties  are 
more  than  two.  are  half  a  dozen  at  least, 
and  they  never  lose  their  distinctions. 
Look  where  we  will,  provided  free 
political  discussion  is  allowed,  and  wo 
shall  find  at  least,  to  use  the  French 
mode  of  marking  their  relations,  a  centre, 
a  right,  a  left,  a  right  centre,  and  a  left 
centre,  besides  a  miscellaneous  lierd  of 
eccentrics,  all  representing  some  contrast 
or  gradation  of  opinion.  In  France,  for 
instimce,  before  France  was  reduced  by 
the  bayonet  to  a  single  man,  there  were 
the  several  branches  of  the  legitimisti*, 
the  Napoleonites,  the  republicans,  the 
mountain,  and  the  sociali<»ls;  and  in 
Great  Britian,  there  are  the  tories,  the 
whigs,  the  radicals,  the  chartists,  &c. 
In  the  same  way,  in  this  country,  we 
possess  the  several  combinations  to  which 
Avo  referred  in  the  opening  paragraph ; 
and  though  their  differences  as  we  have 
said  are  not  so  marked,  as  those  which 
prevail  between  the  legitimists  and  the 
republicans  of  Europe,  they  are  still  as 
we  shall  see,  valid,  positive  and  im- 
portant. 

The  earliest  parties  known  to  our  his- 
tory were  those  of  the  colonial  times, 
when  the  grand  debate  as  to  the  rights 
of  the  colonies  was  getting  under  way, 
and  all  men  took  sides,  either  as  whigs 
or  toriea.  They  had  imported  their  dis- 
tinctive names,  and  to  some  extent  tlieir 
distinctive  principles,  from  the  mother 
oountry,  from  the  iron  times  of  Orom- 
vvell  and  the  Puritans;  but,  in  the  pro- 
greas  of  the  oontroversy,  as  it  often  hap- 
pens, they  were  led  apon  wholly  new 
and  rasily  broader  grounds  of  dispute 
than  they  hftd  at  fi»t  dreamed.    The 


little  squabble  as  to  the  limits  and  reaohee 
of  the  imperial  jurisdiction  expanded  into 
a  war  for  national  existence,  nay,  for  the 
rights  of  humanity;  and  what  was  at 
the  outset  a  violent  talk  only  about 
stamp  duties,  and  taxes  on  tear— mean 
and  trivial  even  in  its  superficial  aspects — 
concealed  the  noblest  political  theoriea, 
the  sublimest  political  experiments,  that 
had  yet  been  recorded  in  the  annals  of 
our  race.  The  whigs  of  the  revolution, 
in  crushing  the  tories  of  that  day,  toudied 
the  secret  spring  of  a  new  creation.  They 
gave  to  the  world  a  new  idea, — the  Aroe* 
rlcan  idea, — the  conception  of  a  statcL 
founded  upon  the  inherent  freedom  ana 
dignity  of  the  indi  vidual  man.  It  seemed 
as  if,  gathering  out  of  the  ages  all  the 
aspirations  of  great  and  noble  souls,  all 
the  yearnings  of  oppressed  peoples,  they 
had  concentrated  them  into  one  grand 
act  of  emancipation.  They  actualised 
the  dreams  of  Time,  and  in  the  latest  age 
of  the  world,  and  on  a  new  continent, 
introduced,  as  they  fondly  supposed,  that 
reign  of  heavenly  justice  which  the  prim- 
itive golden  ages  had  faintly  foresha- 
dowed, which  patriots  had  so  long 
struggled  and  sighed  for  in  vain,  which 
the  political  martyrs  of  every  dime  had 
welcomed  only  in  beatific  vision. 

It  was  this  patriot  party  of  the  revo- 
lution which  gave  the  inspiration  and 
impulse  to  the  nation,  which  formed  its 
character  and  sentiment,  and  erected  the 
standard  of  opinion,  destined,  for  some 
years,  at  least,  to  be  the  guide  of  all 
movements.  It  fused  the  national  mind 
by  the  warmth  of  its  convictions,  or 
rather  by  the  fiery  earnestness  with 
which  it  fought  its  way  to  success,  into 
that  single  thought  of  democratic  free- 
dom, which  has  been  the  ground  and 
substance  of  our  national  unity.  The 
medley  of  settlers,  chance-wafted  hither- 
ward,  from  the  several  comers  of  Eu- 
rope, like  seeds  borne  by  the  winds,  wa« 
nourished  by  it  into  an  organic  whole, 
and  have  since  been  retained  by  its  ori- 
ginal influences,  under  all  diversities  of 
constitution,  climate,  and  interest,  in  the 
coherence  and  uniformity  of  a  national 
being.  We  are  therefore  infinitely  in- 
debted to  our  fathers,  who  were  so  not 
merely  after  the  flesh,  but  after  the 
spirit,  who  generated  our  minds  as  well 
as  our  bodies,  and  whose  sublime  tliought 
of  a  free  state,  an  inspiration  greater  than 
their  knowledge,  has  been  the  fruitftil 
germ  of  our  best  inward  and  outward 
life.  No  other  people  have  had  so  grand 
a  national  origin,  for  we  were  born  in 


Omt  F^trHm  md  Poikm, 


c  ^dmU9mM  war  for  rlghtj,  luid  not 
(br  iMTttcirj,  and  nnikr  iLo  slimadi^  of 
« idtn,  which  «UU  Irmiitottidji  tlie  hlfh- 
•c  ]imoUc«l  odiiefiineiiti  of  our  raco. 
ll  iMti  b##a  tht  frttttOisi,  the  prodomi* 
ili«  prof«imd  injiferciiej  of  iUU 
I  Amciicaii  idt^o,  which,  forcing 
ftMMttl  ttocrtetioa,  litt^  produced  the  tiiu* 

^aIImcM),  and  coufltietl  their  dJTisoiis 


or  trivid  tind  (lersonfll  dif- 
But  thtro  iB  aIsu  Another  cuiaso 
fir  thml  onifaniiiiy,  hi  tho  fact  thut  m 
*    I  «dvftt»oe  in  the  c&reer  of  civil- 
tlieir  political  divisions  nro  leas 
btit   more?  kuhilm  in  principlej 
II  |ffu4d,  biii  more  indin^ct  in  tho 
of  *tiimo»5ity  and  f*?elin|(f.    Tlie 
lllli  «hU&  of  two  fjMSti*[>n(i  t*f  fiavogea, 
•teqattrrei  ju  to  which  shall  eat  the 
dliw,  aHtl«  the  mutter  with  a  hlaw  of 
til*  tf^mslwwk  ;  hat  lu  &  ttiore  ri^duod 
flpaKiimity^  tli©  entifD  pjpulatian  may 
fil  At  loggorlicadSf  over  tlie  eonatrtietioa 
of  m  |ilifBai»  In  miuQ  duhicm$  docmncnl^ 
vikli  Ibtf^r  determine  by  vi>€iferouscIani- 
OKlAt  »p<ihho  mc«tirtg«  or  in  ahla  leading 
■tklfiiL  Otieb^amctimai  ftmnfied^there- 
§m^   wb^ii  A  fcireigaer  in  the  United 
8lllill|  MM  £f)g[i«»limuii,  for  Instonoe,  oom- 
fliOtiitiy  rtmarki  ihr^t  %^  Imre  no  gr^t 
no  i^rofonnd,  radical,   compre- 
iv0  qtiefttioiifl^  ftbont  which  wo  may 
(Nil  <MM?h    other^i   hraiDa.     "You 
klffm  Jim  question  of  chur<^h  uud  itale,^' 
ltfli(3n»  ^^UQ  imiitcnso  project?  for  par- 
IwMtvy  fvform;  no  tremdndonn  in* 
tfeMte  iifttiiri[^i?  tjboti  eome  old  law;  no 
liMjr  Mfvr.  [>ow«rful  olat^oito 

li  plaiiitd  <  e  and  terrlfio  oon* 

flbli.    All  thnt  jou  qnarrtl  ftboiat  is 
Mwiirf  up  in  the  per  e«iitigQ  of  6  tariS^ 
IIm  bqMfciin  of  a  road^  or  the  po9K«on 
oCftHlw  o^loea.^    In  sayinju^  tliUf  Johia 
fanfiDM  lliat  ho  ha*  reduced  us  to  a 
lllpBil*B  Insigntdoanoe  and  liltlenesii, 
^     hf  the  tide  of  hie  obese  and 
fuaimUude.    But  we  amwer 
Hiai  t^-     '*   •     *    -n^rtiouV*  about 
w^aA  bo  'h  all  Ihe  world 

aw.  Mm  i^u. ......  4. 4. .5  ^..J^  otlier,  or,  at 

ktm^  le«nn«r  tlieir  paniiona  to  tatters, 
wm  aHtkd  for  u  before  we  were  horn. 
and  thai  we  wteem  it  a  bappinoai  and 
^erf  to  hftYo  got  rid  of  tfiotn^  eren 
llaogti  liiey  tiAVe  kft  m  htUe  more  to 
fHntil  »Mtif  than  the  rnt  f*(  a  ueighbor'a 
■m^'  :«««.     waako 

Uttl  i  the  profTiia 

«f  iftUu&i,  OS  vv  it^  cooibtA  in 

d«r  dieaL  and  the 

oC  iodai  440<:jU'jIu,  oTi  Id  atiror 


wordi^  In  tho  dmpUfi  cation  and  rcdnc 

tion  of  the  machiuerj  of  government, 
with  wLich  poHtic-f  has  chiefly  to  do^ 
and  the  consequent  oitinction  of  |iOli- 
timns^  w*bo  become  more  and  mor©  a 
pernicious  class,  with,  at  tho  same  time, 
n  continuous  aggrandizement  of  wdetj 
Itself^  of  its  indUBtry,  it^a  arts^  ita  lo^l 
improvementfi,  and  ita  freedom,  m  wed 
as  order.  We  are  rather  glad,  thon,  on 
til©  whoh^  that  our  politics  do  not  po*- 
sess^  iu  foreign  estimation,  the  import- 
ance, tho  dignity,  and  the  vital  twnai- 
hilitj,  of  thc^o  of  other  nationg,  and  that 
our  politicians,  for  the  most  part,  ore 
pnay  and  contoinptible  specimons  as 
statesmen.  But  we  shall  ehow  in  the 
tcijuel  that  wo  havo  our  own  difficulttoii 
nevertheless,  sumo  of  them  vital  enrmgh, 
and  requiring  for  tiieir  udjustmeiit  the 
iargtst  capacities  and  noblest  impulsoa 
of  groat  miodii. 

The  moat  natural  aiid  t!ie  most  per- 
manent of  our  past  poHtieat  divisiotia 
have  ariE^OQ  out  of  tho  {leculiar  structmr^ 
of  Uio  ftsderal  govemmont,  the  nature 
aud  extent  of  its  jurisdiction,  and  its 
rdationi*  to  the  6tatt*s.  As  soon  as  tlie 
federal  Constitution  went  into  effect,  tlie 
difibrencea  which  had  almost  defeated  ita 
ratifioation  before  t^ie  people-^the  ci^un- 
tieraciing  centripetal  and  centrifugal 
forces  as  w*e  may  call  them — were  de- 
veloped into  itrong  and  pcksitive  party 
lioslilitica.  The  federalists  and  the  anti* 
federaliits  took  ^)0«s<«aion  of  the  jKditi- 
cal  fleld,  and  the  notae  of  their  oi^infliclii 
sounded  through  tnauj  je^s^  giving  a 
atiug  not  only  to  the  debates  of  the 
Senat4^  House,  but  emhittennn^  the  inter- 
oouTM)  of  domestic  Uf0|  and  leaving  deep 
scarB  of  prejudice  on  the  reputations  of 
emiuent  men,  as  wdt  as  in  tlie  minds  of 
thei  r  descendants.  The  mere  disp  otea  aa 
to  the  autliority  of  tho  general  govcru- 
mont  might  not,  perhaps,  have  led  tm 
auoh  earnest  and  envenomed  battloi^  at 
the  outaet,  if  they  bad  not  been  corapli* 
cated,  especially  under  the  leadership  of 
Jtsflerson  and  Hamilton,  with  the  pro- 
fotmder  questions  of  individual  righii 
juiit  then  agitating  the  Old  World,  with 
an  inteasity  of  feeling  whioh  amounted 
to  frency*  Hamtl  ton,  a  mam  ol  taknt^  bred 
in  oamp«f  dlstmitful  of  the  nrawiB,  an  ad- 
mi  rcir  ofUie  British  oonslitutlop,  and  ac- 
cuitomed  to  rule,  wna  dist*"**-*^  to  rely 
u|ic)n  the  strong  arm  in  gi>vernment,  and 
may  Hf>  r*»trartl»d  oji  the  represontative  of 
thr  -it  of  L4w;  while  Jelftfrson, 

on  J  bnnd^  a  man  of  genint^  ttU 

floniidtent,  gcuianitt^ia3a|;a^«^  v^WidlV  ^ 


I 


AMI 


258 


Dm*  Par^a  md  FdiHm. 


th&oHe?^  an  aeoljUs  if  noS  a  tisacher,  of 
tbe  French  frctiool  nf  majiners nod  though t, 
loaned  to  the  apoBtaneous  action  of  th« 
p«op^  and  was  the  repre^ntativ^  of 
liberty.  Thus,  the  party  of  State  ri^hta 
ftod  the  party  of  liberiy  came  to  tw 
fdenti^ed,  atid  took  the  tkm\^  after  a 
time,  of  ilt<)  democratic  Re  publican  party, 
while  federalism,  or  the  doc t Hoe  of  a 
^roog  oeotral  goverDment,  jumped  in 
naturally  with  the  doctrine  of  law  and 
order.  There  was  a  double  pressure  of 
tendencies  separating  the  two  parties, 
and  rotensif)lng  their  hatreds,  and,  in 
the  esaeerbations  of  the  rirnej,  inducing 
them  to  aceuse  each  other  respectively 
of  tyranny  and  Hf^ntiousness,  A  fede- 
rall^ti  in  tlie  opinion  a  of  the  republicans 
of  those  days,  was  only  a  nionarohist  in 
di»gni,4e,  watching  his  opportunity  to 
strangle  the  infant  liberties  of  his  conn- 
try  in  the  cradle,  and  to  restore  the 
emancipated  colonies  to  their  depen- 
den«s  upon  Great  Britain,  while  the 
federalist  retorted  the  gcnerona  imputa* 
tion  of  his  adversary,  by  calling  him  a 
jacobin,  a  scoundrel  and  a  demagogue, 
eager  to  uproot  the  tbnntlations  of  order, 
and  let  loose  the  leeu  and  scum  of  French 
iiifidtdity  and  French  immorality  upon 
s*iciety.  We,  at  this  day,  1  tanking 
ihrfiugh  tlie  seren(4r  atmosphere  «jf  liis- 
tory^  know  that  they  were  both  mis- 
taken in  their  extreme  opinli^ns,  and  that 
they  were  both  good  patriots  after  all, 
necoiisary  to  each  other,  as  it  now  appears, 
in  tempering  the  dangerons  eiceg^ie^ 
which  might  have  followed  the  unchecked 
predo  mi  nance  of  either,  and  in  giving  a 
more  uniform  and  stable  action  to  our 
untried  politi  cai  system .  I J  u  t  w  e  can  not 
conceal  the  deep  gignificance  of  the  con- 
t<5st  in  which  they  were  engaged. 

In  all  the  subsequent  changes  of  par- 
ties, the  distinctive  of  fe<leralist  and  anti- 
federalist  bag  been  maintained,  in  theory 
at  lea«it,  and  sometimes  in  name,  if  not 
so  rigidly  in  practice.  It  is  a  distinction 
that  will  only  pas^  away  with  the  Gnal 
eatahlishment  of  the  truth,  though  it 
may  ofien  be  obscured  in  the  fluctuating 
moveioiiuU  of  [jolitlcs.  During  the  war 
of  1812-15,  the  FedcrftU!sti^,  aa  they  were 
termed,  were  (he  m<tst  vigorous  oppo- 
nents of  the  use  of  j^»ower  by  the  general 
government.,  and  their  mv^I  offenj^ive 
aet«,  the  prooeedlngsiof  the  Hartford  Con- 
vent Jou,  worei  nothing  worse  than  an 
attempt,  as  it  wiis  deemed,  U-t  arrei*t  and 
reetrain  the  cncroachTnent^  t4  the  cen- 
tral authority  upon  the  righti  anil  inttj* 
tBtiof  the  separata  Stated  j  whikt^  on 


tho  other  hand,  the  most  e norm om  e^€ir- 
dse  of  that  antiiority— ttie  acquisition 
of  Louisiana  by  Jeflerson— the  supprea- 
sion  of  South  Carolina  nnlliticatloii  by 
Jackson— tbe  annexation  of  Tyxas  by 
Tvlei^ — hove  been  re^^orted  to  by  the 
leaders  of  the  4^o-cnlled  democratic  or 
auti -federal! St  party.  Indeed,  so  litUa 
consistency  baa  been  eihihiied  by  par- 
ties in  this  ref4i>ect,  tbat  it  has  been  ob- 
served, that  in  general,  whatever  party 
was  in  pc^iession  of  the  fedenil  govern* 
ment  was  disposed  to  push  the  use  of  ita 
functions  to  the  utmost  practicable  vt^rge, 
w^Jiile  the  party  out  of  power  has  oppos- 
ed this  use,  and  assunsed  the  virtue  of 
oontincnce.  Under  the  adminisilraiif^n 
of  Jacksfin,  when  tho  strtiggle  wMi  the 
Kational  Bank  ar(>se,  the  lines'  of  deinar* 
cation  between  the  prineiplea  of  the 
federal istij  and  anti-federalist.^  were  once 
more  somewhat  striclly  drawn,  and 
the  &hibboleth?i  and  rallying  crie^  of  that 
day  have  continued  to  be  used  by  the  po- 
ll tjciaos,  for  the  most  part  itnpertincntiy, 
up  in  tfm  present  time,  In  the  Atlunnis- 
1  rations  of  the  Stales,  too,  tliere  hm 
been  an  undeniable  line  drawn,  a  gxdf 
fixed,  as  we  may  say,  between  the  friendi 
of  a  strong  and  ceui rallied  governmeni 
and  tho  friends  of  social  and  popuhir 
freedom^  but  we  may  add,  that  as  no 
party  is  now  entitled  to  a  monopoly  of 
either  class,  this  distinction  has  subsided. 
The  feelings  and  convictions  in  which  it 
originated  have  not  passed  away,  and^ 
they  will  not  speedily  pass  avvay,  tiut 
there  bag  been  a  lull  in  the  public  tntnil, 
In  rejipect  to  them,  partly  pro tl need  by 
the  decided  gravitation  of  opinion  to  tbe 
democratic  theory  both  of  Federal  ami 
State  gfivemment^  and  partly  by  the 
emergence  of  new  grounds  of  coulliet. 
The  d^hris  of  former  convulsions  ij  all 
that  the  older  parties  have  left  ns» 

An  anojoaly  in  the  s-f^cial  sy&tem  of 
some  of  the  States,  however,  not  Mijt- 
posed  to  be  so  pregnant  with  con»^tNquen* 
cesi,  ns  it  lias  since  proved,  when  tb^ 
Federal  tTnion  was  fiinned,  baa  heeo  de- 
vdnped  into  a  chief  cause  of  tho  cotiipli- 
cation  of  parlies,  and  the  principal  tiiccii- 
tive  and  danger  of  onr  more  luoik^rn 
contests. 

The  prinaary  ideft  0f  our  institutions 
was^  as  w*e  have  seen,  tlmt  of  a  frwc 
Democratic  It<* public.  The  liJverfy  and 
e^pjflijty  of  III-  '  "  ';  g 

spirit  i>f  our  f'  ig 

g^inluS  of    "'  ::r]ii,.MU(i  '.O 

wbidi    i  :  cv     But  h© 

^tatc*^,  vs.<H^  J  x-,iik  the  ideu>^^..c  -•.   'M^ 


m^ 


Our  Partm  wad  Pcttlki* 


StT 


p  titer*  ftra  somo  not  itricUy 
Aiiil     seoreoly    r*-tjijl)lic-:Lu. 
Eiri>t<x'r^ii.i    or    ■■! 

mIIiIu*!  «nil  focial  |>HvikHro')  arv^  [><ju- 
imd  li>«rLLui,  wbilo  nil  thu  rust  of  thdr 
JoWlliNnta  ttTt  alft  v  tw.  Tho  &  i  tit  ei]  uen  oe 
ivbccft  t  s^rowin^  dlvt^fu't'Hi'yf  thuugti 

ifiirti  (1,  ;l«in^  tlio 

iitirf  U  anu  l:  :  one  h&lf 

Ai  Uftiun,   wr  .ntly  fme 

Ml  wbkh  wa 

Hit  Hid  good  men  who  Ajmnjil  ihe 
niioii^Mid  hdyed  Ui  knit  md  huul  titge* 
Hif  1^  prim'mv^  filament^  were  ahnn^t 
wmtdmattm  ill  tUo  $eDtim«tti  that  t\m  ay^ 
I  ul  bdiukg^  in  whicli  iUeso  wero  Li^ld 
"  1  Ini  only  lertiporojry.  Lik«  a  gn>w- 
j  |0«Ub  in  tiie  ^»ati  mid  iinj mlse  uf  1^9 
lUMSiYit  pcdoil,  tlioy  wore  Hcorc^jly  eon- 
i  of  ton  CADCcr  iurkin^c  In  the  bloiMl 
lot  ilie  irkftj  ouatrar^to  tlitMr  eif^t'^t-f^- 
Uta^WMDIlftnr  '  -  "  H^thohoti' 
tetat  la  fvpit  I  i  :^h1,  1 1  im^ 

^mmnm  iDtarwiiw^i  mLn  ^  l^l  and  mtri* 
«li»  iat«r«»U,  ajid  it  U  udw  sLUi^tnined  by 
iWtalll  poUtioill  aoU  tijulu»u(^hira]  imuvic* 
tfCMM^to  tliat  111*  qa«fttiou  t>l'  slavery  u 
1^  ooCit«i>UiiX0^  qiie»tiofi  In  out  [Kilitic-t^. 

Afii4l*tfr  rviuau  why  tlia  roil  lad  x^etm 
if  ti*«    f*4tTiil    rr  I J  tin  11   ^tre   iitt  uinre 


si! 


tmm  III*  ifioi**- 
MMii1i*»iiiro  nf  I 

laiod  u 
iUt  b*  m*  ^^   < 
•«otliii«nt  of 
rtghiwaii 

lEBtbtimtTiJO  ' 
kit«tfl  uf  mvr 

rl|clii»Y  to  wliitk  Ui- 
tli^ir  tiuuii4^t  iVtr  io. 
■t,     TbiU,  this  i|t*rn>»^ 


iinutui  utrrAtcniM  ^ 


I,  fur 

aiiiii  uiUi  Lh<j  deiiHJ- 

tk*rc^ 


'.V I  rich  ar^- 


iJia  ablost  ^ipoundera  uf  Ihd  Cocistita- 
tion,  Macon,  wbo  ti^knitidd  no  itgusUot 
in  iegiftktion,  were  ^Iftv^-hokiera  in  Uitlf 
local  spJitfrea;  while  Uie  p^jpulor  parlj?  ^ 
tij(^  no  rib,  ebiiioriug  a^rniiut-  iho  prelcn- 
iiiorti  of  law  liiid  privilegii  for  a  larg^ 
liberty,  wens  hlill,  ^ilTftuge  to  Miy^  Ibiir 
jidhcronts  and  frii^n<k. 

it  wa^  un  aUktiee,  bowevcTi  wliioh  in 
Ibt!  very  nature  uf  its  cumpoiienta,  eould 
not  eniJaro  for  ere r  An  ndatocnacy  k 
coinpeliod  by  tbe  exigencies  of  its 
par^itiou.^  to  tKJconje  defiaiit,  aggrt^re, 
und  prone  to  rule;  wbibademcwfacy,  oa 
tbv  other  btoid,  is  expanMre,  progrft^sif^ 
and  no  ler^s  apt  to  take  llie  roiiinvand.  A 
league  between  tbeiii  nmy  be  nyiiiitmnod^ 
to  long  a«  thi^y  liavo  ctHtnin  object;*  in 
eotuinoti, — an  enemy  to  repid^e^  or  a 
conquest  ti^  acbievc, — but  wbcn  ibMe 
(Hiuvronn  object*  nvc  uttained^  their  racft* 
ea)  lnnutiip.inbUity  will  begin  U*  h^  d©* 
vdi>i>e4L  It  id  io^Mj^ibW  fur  iiten  who 
frttic*crely  btjHevo  in  the  t»qiml  n^ht-s  of 
tncu,  to etinb'^ffe  fieri njuiont^y  with  uilien 
wboe*e  pracitcics  i»  an  babituul  iuvii&ion  of 
those  ri;^HU;  it  i^  ItnpoMtble  tor  an  order 
I  if  *f  Moiety,  founded  upon  tlie  ui^fSl  uii* 
limited  ffeiKjoui  iif  labor,  to  ^x^HjxUtlong 
in  intiinntc  rtlatiims  witli  a  wjcictjr 
fonndtHi  npou  hond  i^r  A>roed  bdwir;  and 
it  is  tif*  i--"^  ;.ur„i.-:ii,!,,  f,,f  jHilitk'iiJ  lead* 
ern,  ttn  i-e  uoatritii  i»  iM>pU"' 

bir  oiUL.,  ,1  pn"|(rret3»  to  nuni' 

bine  with  leadem  whogix  Jife  \*  iin  utter 
denij^  i>f  t:ruiineipatii>n  nnd  prugrons. 
We  Uti  e  t*<fon,  ^.oiniRHitieiitly,  ibnt  i^o  hiii^ 
U4 1  bit*  iy  ah  and  tbe  Norlli,  in  the  enrii^r 
pedtHl*  o,  iiiitional  developjuent,  lookwd 
to  I  lie  Anine  endj^,— ^to  certain  f;eneriii  of- 
gariiiinj?  ptjrjKi$eM,^-tQ  a  sLriot  oonutruo- 
tii^n  of  (he  Oon^titirtion^  a  denial  of  tlie 
jMiheiJii  "  V  '  J  ihy  ftderol  ^wiwtr 
—the  J  r  the  Statei,*— they 

have  (  '    ^.  ther,  and  the 

bAppi*  pr^HULtted  bj 

^''  ^  *  ,..,,.,  ,M,,f  ouitual  *di*i- 

\iiU  h  uutgruwn — wboo 

■in  of  tli« 

ri'Lj^iiMif  wiiicdi  in  mar.  t  itn  op 

pommt  J  their  frivnd-  ^'    ■ultry, 

and  a  Htrenuouji  grajipU  aud  liglit  iniiiu- 

If  W0  weri*  c-illcul  iiptin  thvti  to  d«»- 
crilMi  tiio  f^nliLifJil  pArlli^  uf  i\dn  Untiotl, 

'  iV0  b**n  gra* 
rpinii  oirc  im* 


,  who  wfwU  tlui  Dt 


f»8 


Our  Furtiu  ami  FoUti^, 


[Sept 


of  sJaveiv.  2d.  The  Democrats,  divided 
imto  the  tradkloiaal  or  routine  demijemrs, 
who  m&iqueFikie  \n  the  faded  wardrobe 
of  democracy,  but  care  more  tor  office 
thim  pritici^jle,  and  tlie  re«l  democrats 
who  still  retail^  U»©  m^pirationa  of  ih© 
Jefferson  school  3d.  The  Wliii^^s,  who 
Are  the  legjtinmte  depositories  of  federoi 
p4lQ«j[ile3  crossed  oiid  improved  by  mo- 
deiD  liberalbm.  4Lh.  The  Firo-eatera, 
irho  soem  tt»  be  opposed  to  the  union  of  ihe 
Northern  and  Botithero  States  nnder  any 
oircmtiBtanees,  and  5  th.  The  AboiiLiiniistd, 
who  are  rather  a  mofal  than  a  pcluical 
combination,  though  a  large  branch  of 
thetn  are  not  opfios^ed  to  decided  p*4itica! 
aettoii*  Thene  we  shall  nodco  briefly  lo 
the  re^eris©  order  in  whieh  they  are 
Darned. 

The  Abolitioniftta  and  the  Fire-eater^*, 
representing  the  estreme*  of  northern 
and  ^southern  feeling,  have  had  no  tittlo 
influence  on  pubhc  opinion^  but  hardly 
any  aft  yet  in  the  direct  action  of  the 
gOTerninent.  In  eloquence^  eiirrieslnes^^i, 
and,  we  su Expect,  integrity  of  pnrpo^^ 
they  are  superior  to  the  otlier  parlies 
(the  nhi^ihtionistfi  in  pftriioular,  abaurhing 
some  of  the  Jiuest  ability  of  the  country, 
oratt?ncal  and  literavj^  and  a  great  deal 
of  the  noblest  aspirali:,^),  but  they  are 
both  too  extravHgant  in  opinion  ^  and  too 
violent  in  procedure,  to  conciliatu  a  largo 
and  effective  alliance.  Their  denuncia- 
tions of  the  Union,  proceeding  ft'om  con* 
trary  viewH  of  ita  etiect^s  the  or  .  con- 
denining  it  because  it  is  suppose;'  jo  sanc- 
tion^ and  the  other,  because  it  i^  jUpposed 
to  interfere  with  Blnvyry,  neuttalize  each 
other  and  lead  m*.fre  tranquil  mind:',— 
minds  whose  brains  are  not  boiling  in 
their  ski Jl^  to  a  conviction  that  they  are 
both  all k e  wron g.  The  fed eral  Oonsti  to* 
tiou  does  not  recognjiie  the  esistonce  of 
shnery  li^  such,  at  nil,  and  in  no  forni 
ejcfpt  indirt?cl]y,  nor  doe?  it^  on  tlie 
other  hand,  confer  upon  the  gi>vernment 
any  authority  fnr  meddling  with  it,  treat* 
ing  tlie  subject  wisely  as  n  matter  of  ei- 
cju'iive  fitute  jnriEfdiction  [  y<?t  the  spirit 
and  letter  of  that  ins^trumtsnt  are  alike 
Instinct  with  freedom,  and  rightly  inter- 
preted, fct  up  an  ijiBuperahle  barriei' 
against  tlie  excensiou  of  any  form  of 
B^rvitudc.  The  umlice  of  lU  enemies 
^mh  \\^  fijod,  not  in  thv  legitimale  opern- 
titina  of  the  organic  law,  m  the  fj^nmers 
of  it  inteudeii  it  to  offurnte,  but  in  thost^ 
donations  which  the  cratl  of  politieiana 
haii  fcupcrindiict'd  upon  its  action,  in 
those  warping  and  torturiugs  of  itsslrao- 
ture,  by  which  it  has  baen  made  tu  cover 


selfish  and  klagitions  local  deiigns.  It 
would  be  well,  theref*ire,  if  some  of  ih© 
anaihamaa  pronounced  upon  our  factions 
of  an  extreme  liuoiura  and  habit,  upon 
the  disuntotiif^tg  of  either  wing^  should  he 
oceasionally  levelled  at  those  more  fnnni- 
dable  antagonists  of  our  peace,  tlie  po- 
liticiflus  tu  whose  unjust  and  reckle** 
scheme*  w©  owe  nearly  all  these  violent 
reactions. 

It  i.-t  no  offence  to  the  Whigs,  we  tnist^ 
for  indeed  it  is  tmly  repeating  the  fre- 
quent avowals  of  their  own  lending  ex* 
ponents  to  say^  thnt  as  a  party  they  ar^ 
pretty  much  *defuuct.  Whatever  uses 
their  organization  may  have  subserved 
in  the  course  of  otjr  poliiicjil  history,  ALd 
nobody  will  deny  them  some  merits,  how- 
ever splendid  the  talent  by  which  their 
h'Ug  but  h:i>ing  struggle  has  been  illustra- 
ted, from  the  day  iij  which  their  policy 
was  inaugurated  by  llan^ihon,  uniil  that 
in  which  its  funeral  discouree  wnaBltvred 
in  "  a  fine  rich  brogue,''  by  General  Scotl, 
it  has  never  ijucceeded  in  becoming,  for 
more  than  a  year  or  two  at  a  time,  a  pre- 
dominant  party.  Jt  hui  been  able,  on 
occasions^  to  carry  its  ] principles  inuy  ef- 
fect, but  not  to  the  satisfaction  of  a  per- 
manent majorit}'.  Its  dii^tinguiirhing 
rnea^urcH  have  heen,  on  tlio  ottier  hand^ 
repeatedly  and  unequivocally  cun- 
deniued.  Not  tfie  mo^t  tMmguina  adhe- 
rent can  now  hope  tj>  see  them  revived. 
The  questiom^  of  a  National  Bank,  of  a 
Prtitective  Tariff,  of  Inurnal  Improve- 
ments, of  the  Distrihution  of  the  Wblic 
Lands,  are  adjudicated  qu^Uon*;  noeourt 
exiitts  wherein  to  bring  an  appeal;  and 
the  wisest  thing  for  those  who  imvo 
been  worsted  in  the  controversy,  is  to  do 
what  the  most  of  them  have  doue^ub- 
mit.  Their  once  grent  and  nctornpHshod 
leadei"s  sleep  in  honourable  graves;  no 
exigeiH'icri  of  state  will  evtr  agalu 
awnkcn  the  solemn  eltKiUeaoe  of  Wcbstt;r, 
nor  th*5  clafi'^n  voice  of  Clay  ever  a^nin 
Buininon  hit*  lieges  to  the  bnttle.  The 
masters  are  dead  and  their  followers  are 
dir'jiei'sed  or  at  fetid ;  or  should  they  rally 
again,  it  cttn  tmly  be,  under  olher  naut^j* 
and  for  deeper  and  nobh-r  objccu,  A 
romnnnt  of  the  camp  of  former  times,  a 
foi-h*rn  hope  with  Millai'd  Fillmore  m  the 
druin-ntfljttr,  may  strive  to  l;eep  the  old 
organism  alive;  but  it  U  clear*  in  the 
present  a^iiiect  of  affairTi,  that  it  citnnot 
|H.wy^Si*  more  than  a  semi- vitality,  useless 
lor  good  and  painful  to  behold.  W«  do 
not  say  thut  the  theory  uf  i»olitii3*i  which 
bus  hitI,erco  auitoaiod  tliti  Whi^%  i^  ex* 
tinct,  that  Americana  will  no  more  Iw 


A 


tut} 


Our  Partk9  tmd  Poiitm. 


I  ^j  vidians  of  kiranR^  mul  sf^ktodid 
BBl^iit"  tin*  -<  "l:  ttj  *  tTt  rj  Kv  imirary 

fUah 
Iff  fvlQotar;  .  thi» 


:  nuw  US 

r  K  that 

.t|-  which  the 

ilmeie,  ojid  iLt- 1  iiri} ,  ua  n  portj,  quite 

Tb«  INwTi  "  lamp,  tbo 

m  Eko  ihc!  ^v  nfi;%  111  Ji  s.nie  ui  c^mptini- 
llfv  <Ui§atQt{oD;  fit  rutlier,  they  are 
««tl0ixi  Uironicb  their  parry  at  Urire, 
«i  «lii0whcrcv  OS  luavi^n  throUj^rh  menl, 
«ftb<Mi&  tsATuig  an  effective  c^ititral  in 
tt|  «r jierbftpi  ooniieclioiL  They  may  be 
ii  d^iriocrnU  who  *;iiU  abitlw 
>  cdifliial   I  :>f  cic(niK*,rftcyi 

>rrprr,*ctit  tl  instincts,  who 

:  I  h^uA  of  jufltm*,  nwl  equiil 

/res*,   tintl  wlui  rt^fu^itj  tij 

tit  of  tiiem^olves  to  the  s(*diictit*ni< 
Fllie  tkro  holders.    Thoy  ar«?  not  few 
iBQttait*^,  ai«  wt  m^  uidtQed  to  think, 
tUtir  ftt  the  !>•--''         'V.^  smith,  ecirn- 
as  w^   T  .1  miijnrity  of 

tjwni^men  *-!  l  <.  iui,  iuii,  yet  unoor- 
by  fiflScial  contnt-U,  m  well  oii 
^  U>e  »ymi>athiei4ortimtry  airj^uis? 
iileb  ^  by  anotiier  name  ;  hntf 
Bf  »o  mp«^n.H  or(^fiizatit>n  any- 
•ffiiritt,  tliey  arc  sadly  overborne  hy  tlio 
|flttti«^«1  msnfit.%f-  of  the  old  or^ani^- 
Hoflfw  '  inery  nfjiariy 

Vlitir  if  (lower.     In 

tll«ir  .  t.t  pr^ton^iims 

Ih^  t.:  ir  In  thr'  niljt^lit 

if  llittr  ^uiimtir  '    I'up- 

twvdtli^Aitiire.  iin 

iMufnty.atleflf  irm- 

^liif  the  &<!(]•:  iic$« 

|»  MOMlt,  Iff 

piR^ttlM  loflt 

fMagrli«ttn  .^,  ..         .-.  !im^, 

^lliyr  shciut  tl)6m  Om  UitvAhct^  tht^ 
filiate  WoJi  tbo  [M) pillar  tiHfirKH  of  rj|(liL, 
I   tbo  rvdeernlng  olem^titu  f\f 


Tfm  nther  ck»»  of  IVTrioomtH,  nliom 
«#  ileootiibaoitis  ibv  otttriid  i>r  mauhmi*- 
DuaeriJUti  beciin*«i9  th^rv  iiinvnarid  ulk 

I  dUtinrt 

n  c.     ll   Ls 

umi*  h  r»o  tt  It' din 
WMfal  p»rtiM  p! 


t . . . .  _. . 


i!  or 


oiia&ppeiite  fur  dUtineiluii  and  proven^ 
der*  They  are  not  prooistdy  canip-foi- 
h>w*crS|  hocause  they  sosnetimoi  tight  in 
the  Utiu«,  but  their  interest  in  ibi,*  con- 
teat  U  d4*t*?nniued  rather  li^i-fie  [»ro»p«ot 
of  booty  timn  by  any  convifiiong  tbey 
may  be  imagined  to  entertain.  Like 
Bunyan'a  By-ends,  who  fvdlu^ed  Keli- 
gjoa  for  iho  Bilvor  slippers  she  wore,  the) 
are  patriofj*  because  it  h  pnifl table  to  Us 
pair  iota »  In  other  word^  tiiey  are  ilemo- 
crati  becatiae  the  democrats  are  generally 
in  the  asoendaut,  whteh  mean*,  in  otlit*, 
4S0  me  times  they  Klip  round  to  the  whi^ 
when  the  wfiigs  have  a  f^nr^  l*>ok  ior 
BtJdc«fl(s;  bnt  they  tiud  it  safer,  in  tfio  hmjf 
run,  to  be  of  the  other  side.  Nt>  men 
mom  noii^y  than  they  in  shdulin^  the 
lis  aid  rallying  cries,  none  moru  g\\h  Is 
the  com  mun- pi  aces  of  electioneering,  and 
none  so  apparently  earnest  and  Niiccre, 
But  hi  heart  they  are  among  tlie  greed- 
iest and  ehabbirat  of  ttminndreU,  It  I* 
upon  ilicir  ^hotihler^  that  tni'oinjwt-ent 
and  bad  men  are  lyorn^  U>  pia<x*4  of  high 
trusty  and  from  tiieni  that  the  iVietoriaji 
KUftrd'ii  of  republics  are  gJidecled  in  the 
hour  of  their  ecHfide  and  ho^Htening  de- 
cay. 

This  clais  of  dotnoerdt*  (their  innate 
flonkeyistii  wtmid  make  tfiem  nu^nareh- 
i^Ca  Of  satraps  in  other  latitude.^)  Ibiuriiih 
the  bent  in  i\\i.tm  caAm  tim(?9  when  na 
great  eontrovci^y  agltaU^  the  nation, 
and  no  important  emergftiey  awakens 
Filnmg  and  burniu'^  peLH^iuni.  In  en- 
bi^  wlik'i]  call  for  lolly  ainbitli^n^  and 
abilities  they  are  of  no  u^e;  in  faoti 
they  aro  shrivelled  and  eonsumt^d  hy  tb* 
heat  of  them,  and  ^link  out  of  th^  way  *j|l 
the  fiery  Miorm  in  pa^t.  Hat  in  ptr  ods 
of  comparative  pnhUo  indilTercn*  e  or 
reaction,  when  there  are  fi'W  who 
car^  io  wateh  thetn,  tbey  Kwann  like 
Tuaggotj)  In  a  carrion.  Ah  the  roiua 
of  (Niwer  at  tbo^e  time^  are  apt  to 
fall  into  the  hands  of  little  men— ^il' 11 
Tyler  or  i'ierfo,  for  instance— the  Koldeo 
hour  for  mirrow  intellects  and  basu 
hearU  ha<i  ar  r»  v  i^<l ,  T h e  art  of  ad m  I nl»* 
tratton  at  onc^  ih-gen^rate«  ioto  merc^ 
trickery  or  matjajfement.  TmLd*  orawJ 
into  the  t&eati  of  tlie  L*a^lt<«».  I'ubbc 
poltoy  duiitnatet  between  Ibe  iiv?kward- 
nvHn  of  convrioun  lncom|>eu^nei<  and  th« 
bluntering  arrogance  of  bidlyisini,  Th© 
pi)4i4e.4!tion  of  ikf1ii.*y  heeomev  a  Imdi^ 
♦itljer  of  rtnlH^**iIily,  or  I  ^o- 

lenee*     U    i^  won  hy  -  o- 

whero  woniii  warrant  u  nnnv!.  nn-i  a  U 
conferred,  not  «t.<  the  meed  ^4  pairiniic 
de^t»rt4,  but  an  tlj«  ivag^of  yuppie  and 


no 


Partm  and  Pofi^f* 


[Sept 


njercenary  services.  Th^y  who  dispeose 
pfttrorjiige^  da  so  in  the  conviction  of 
WaljuiK^  tiiRt  everj  tnacv  hus  hk  pHoc, 
flnd  t*iev  who  reoeive  it,  take  it  with  ti 
full  ktiow.  'l[,'e  I  hat  the  siamp  of  ve- 
nalit^^  y  on  evorj  token  of  tilver.  Su- 
periors in  place  are  «ot  siiiienora  in 
merits  cmlj  superiors  in  craft  and  reck- 
lessni^s*;  wUile  inferiora  don  the  jjilt 
taco  aod  plush  of  their  official  varlotidin 
without  a  b\mh  on  their  cheek?*,  or  a 
ten^^e  of  siiauie  at  their  heart-s*  Govc^rn* 
meat,  in  short,  is  converted  into  a  vai*t 
oonsjaracj  *ff  placemen,  managed  hy  the 
odri^ker  villain*  of  the  set,  e<»iiti\ filing 
elections^  dictating  legislation,  defeating 
roforjtis,  and  infuj*mg  gradoallj  ita 
own  menial  and  rnack-worm  spirit  into 
the  verj  hcvdy  of  the  community.  The 
masHt*?N  e\  eiu  ondor  the  paraly^ib  t>f  f^uch 
jl  donitntitioii,  sseem  to  be  rejutered  in- 
genssibto  to  the  usual  influences  of  honiir 
Bnd  virtuoof*  principle;  are  deaden ed 
almost  to  the  henjic  exauiplea  of  their 
fatlser^;  lo^e  the  ins^piritinj^  traditions  of 
an  earlier  greatnesa  and  grandeur  of 
oondnct ;  and  virtnallT,  if  ma  ac  to  ally, 
fink  into  slaves.  Tfjcn,  schemers  of 
wrun^  riut  in  tlie  impunity  of  licence, 
and  pnijetiiii  of  gjgamic  w  ickedness  are 
brone'»e<h  which^  a  tew  years  before, 
would  have  caused  a  shiver  of  Indigna- 
tion ti»  rtin  like  a  grtlhering  earthquak<J 
thrcju^h  the  whole  hmd.     But  for  a  coni- 

Sleter  pietun^  a  fabUau  thatit  of  the 
egradationd  of  fnnt^tionaristn,  of  the 
sordnro  »nd  meanness  of  stipendiary  de- 
moeracy, — tlie  wonst  form  of  official  cor- 
rufi^iun,  lilnce  the  best  wine  makos  the 
iotu'osi  vinegar— lot  us  say,  in  tlio  words 
of  IV  re  nV  '^oitaph,  CtRCUMSPicEl 

Tiic  Pro~2jlivery  Party,  somelitnes 
callud  tlie  Southern  Party,  we  are  nn- 
willin :  ttj  speak  of  by  thiM  narue,  becftuse 
we  carefully  disiiagtiish  between  its 
flOJlht^-rn  members,  who  are  the  yimpa- 
gandiats  <»f  slavery,  and  those  gentlemen 
of  the  ^outh  wdio  simply  wish  tlidr  pe- 
culiar dotoe^tic  system  to  be  let  alone ; 
while  we  do  not  dl.^Ungui^h  between 
them  and  tlieir  nortlu^rn  coadjutori*, — 
donglj-faces  are  they  hlglit, — who  ar& 
their  >^uf>ei  serviceable  in^trunionts.  Tbo 
first  distinction  we  ninkc,  because  we 
know  that  there  are  largo  numl^ei-s  of 
intelhgiiit  and  c{^U8dentic>n>}  people  at 
the  at*u(  h,  w^ho  do  not  believe  that  sla- 
very is  a  ^ixid  or  a  finality  ;  on  ihv  cou* 
tnivy,  who  feel  that  It  i:^  a  burden  at 
best,  and  a  *ad  «nd  drt?adful  inhmtanco; 
wlio  are  iinxiL>Ti3  K*  nmung^  it  wi^4y, 
with  a  view  to  ita  uMtnaie  estliuciion  j 


m^^ 


and,  consequently,  would  dread  to  m^  ft 
strengthened  or  extended,  looking  with 
hoi>0  and  Ohristian  prtiyer  to  the  day 
wlien  the  combined  influences  of  niodern 
I  ndu -atrial  ism^  and  Democracy,  and 
Christianity,  shall  have  relieved  them 
of  their  painful  weight  of  responsibility* 
But  wo  do  not  make  tlie  6*econd  dhtttio- 
tloo,  becaose  the  mmt  efficient,  and  by 
far  the  most  despicable,  branch  i*f  the 
Pm-81avery  Party,  ia  that  which,  edu- 
cated at  the  nurtJi,  under  all  tbe  gmiai 
inspirations  of  a  free  conditiun  td*  oxist^ 
ence,  and  without  the  necessity  of  an 
embarra^ing  involvement,  still  volnn* 
larlly  casts  n^elf  at  the  feet  of  Slavery, 
to  cat  the  dirt  of  it.**  footmarkjt,  and  litk 
the  sores  on  its  limbs.  For  thefiiii 
class  of  sJaveboldera,  w^echerieb  not  only 
a  p rf (found  sympathy,  but  a  gt^nnine  ad- 
miration and  esteem ;  we  have  friends  j 
among  them  wtiose  esceIloncie«  of  cha* 
racter  are  Lb  ernes  for  meditation  and 
gratitude;  and  to  tbe  propagatoris  of 
the  system,  even,  we  can  attribute  an 
etitire  honejity  of  purpose,  though  a 
miijtaken  one  ;  but,  for  its  ennging 
and  adulatury  northern  sycophants  wt 
have  no  feeling  bat  one  of  unmitigated 
pity  and  contempt.  Could  they 
transferred,  tor  a  timcs^  to  tlie  o; 
enoe  of  tlie  poor  creatures  whose  fet 
they  help  to  bind,  Uie  most  generous 
mind  eon  Id  hardlj  regard  tlie  change  as 
le^  ihan  a  just  and  happy  retribntion* 

Tins  Pro-Slavery  party,  which  grew 
mainly  out  of  the  old  republican  or 
den )oc ratio  party,  and  which  has  never 
even  takvti  a  distinct  name,  has  been  the 
BUcoesiifnl  party  of  our  history.  It  has 
achieved  a  mt ire  signal  and  longer  ascejid- 
euey  than  any  other  party,  and  it  hj«  j 
dime  it^  not  by  superior  ability  nor  a 
more  illustrious  virtue^  but  by  dint,  of 
its  tact,  and  a  compact  and  persistent 
de  tern  111)  all  on.  Its  leaders,  perceiving 
at  au  early  day  that  they  should  play  a 
losing  game,  if  they  atternpttHi  to  *4and 
alone,  tmsttag  lu  the  ordinary  means  of 
sneee*!^, — to  the  natural  supremacy  of 
talent^  to  the  growth  of  numbers,  and  U> 
the  rectitude  of  their  cause^-^hii  upon 
the  available  expedient  of  identifving 
them.'velvtfs  with  the  popular  party  of 
the  Ntirtlj,  and,  then  having  aivi'Mn- 
plished  tlmt^  '^  'it 

party  to  the  <  ir 

fieculiar  dMCtnE:u;s,     ^<ji  sj.  h 

th»  conctsiion,   which  ever.  ii 

an  d  j  n  dieiotts  u  o  rth  e  rn  i?r  w  it^  ^  j  i  -  n  ^  **^ 
to  make,  that  slavery  w^aa  a  system 
exelui^ively  within   tlm  control  of  lh# 


tigatea 
e^rpofH 


M 


ItfC] 


Out  ParHu  and  Politic*, 


24t 


I 

I 


I 


filatas  ii  f^^  imjiraatod  and  thou  in- 
mmS  %hMl  •kfiff-j  WftA  mi  to  b«  die- 
€^n4  al  iJ]  ^  thf  Narllv  baoAt^a  a 
•oc«l  iftUrfyf^noii  WAS  t^niu!  oa  iQti^leni- 
M^tli^iftid,  is  mlirvtrt  |Kjlitica]  inter* 

JmI  lb*  nAiiuk  as  if  RnmA  or  Tarbiy 
AiMild  Infibt  tXitl  tlic  ptiticij^lcfl  of  abao* 
IntiMti  fllu>tx34  not  bo  diion^od  in  Lbc 
CttltoJ  Sut«s^  beoftiia«  Bnssia  and  Tur* 
k»/  Itatl  «o(iim*ro&a)  treat ic»8  with  the 
racad  6lst«if  jQt  foand  morchant^  «of * 
M  •ftPQgli  to  liiitlfita  uiobfl  agaitijit 
Atm  who  qa«»tijatied  it,  and  [>oUtlaian« 
«M«d  MioOfch  to  enlreuch  it  behind  tho 
kvi.  Yo&  %im  uboo  of  ^nctitj  did 
jbI  atop  lliara,  hat  was  drawn  aiQund 
p^tia*  ia  which  all  tbo  tlat«i  wer« 
^ktt^w  and  t  ■— !►"  Trtler<?«tod,^as  the 
Vi/uSeL  of  ^   and    the    i»uiiitn 

liale,  wluk  :...  ,\/..  OMcl\  voinuum  to 
dli  vaa  tehlddisii  to  isarry  **inwQdlary 
"*  a«  ^v^f  ailgrtino  n  t  or  a pp«a1 
*  iW  ifwtam  vo^  noli  oil,  and  tMsii- 
liM  i9  Okngrosa  i^dbmng  in  the  re- 
to  It,  werw  treau^d  with 
A^  and  the  ntiiioat  dii^ckin.  It 
wmmmrT<4^  hoirever^  fV>r  an  omhu^nt 
'  "  frf  U«3  Soyth,  for  Mr.  J,  0.  Cal* 
,  mMe  acting  as  8<scretarj  of  St«t©, 
in  an  olBcial  defenc3«  of  it 
TtJio  trihunal  of  the  worlds  atul  t4» 
tii«  nation  (wo  do  not  nm  ton 
m  Verm)  \>f  mpresentiiig  tho 
BifptabUo  ju  thti  apologfiit  and 
r  of  tiia  most  mt^an  and  iiio»& 
» of  dMpotkm, 
Tlila  poCm  oQoa  r«(wdi9d,  it  was  oiaf 
!•  lolte  a  bot4ar  ttandf  and  to  cUtuor 
villi  alt  thii  VeTicrm^rico  of  j>:irtl/uli  hisat, 
lir  Ibo    \h'  i-y   into 

thum  JMir  u  T  which 

1^»fi«letioo  hiid  i'j'ciR^d  ^*ii  oqr  wi<jtt<.<rn 
bofdon,  ta  Wi'  hiid  fondly  ho}»«*t!7  fur  the 
fHopCitm  of  th«  iMUciiHt  ri:|JMt>](t'iiiN  tif 
,  and  fi>r  a  n^w  nnd  i/riindtT  th*- 
■  f  ff '  pub- 
'%niru, — 

^    v:ui^HtV'    itl    IflW 

Ity, — the  jir<&tence 

,,  existing  entirely 

id  wiibuut  an  iol^ 

II !    ^.lujtdd  over* 

ic-td  and 

r,  it^onao 

I  L)t  too  ninob 

nn  ll,  a«  Mr, 

!  f*ir  the 

•  ardciQt 

it     Ab! 

urinthi?r, 

►I  11  !  tide 


roClbobeticfi 
And 
•  ^aim  whi  ' 

tfcalaUf^ 
bj  Aimldtf  ^ 
of^iiiity 

Ma  aU   e. 

of 


oaapijf 


J?  »^:, 


Uw  cmo    • 
4Mil  iha  ohat^» 


are  Hireted  around  tho  iiook«  of  tbo 
victim!  The  ioullierti  t>^rty  thn*  trl- 
umiihjng  in  tho  territories^  demanded  in 
tlie  neit  place  that  the  fn^Q  Statoe  ^lUouId 
be  made  a  hnntmg  graiind  tor  »1av«t8, 
tiiat  even'  tnan  of  the  Nartli  shonld  bo 
Oomp<?lltd  by  law  to  do  wiiat  no  gentle- 
man uf  the  South  would  do  for  himself,  of 
could  he,  nnder  any  oircuniiitancea,  foroad 
to  do  for  otliers, »,  #.,  put  hiinsolf  on  a 
level  with  hliiod  hoinicL^  and  booomi»  a 
ekve  catchor,  and  thd  law  wa«  piModt 
Wresting  tbc  power  from  Uia  3ta^  that 
it  might  be  c?xorei^  by  Oongr^w,  wbkb 
wa*  not  aQthoriii^d  to  eiereiso  it,  it  wa« 
passed ;  creating  trihuoals  of  ju'^riiec 
which  Otjngrcsa  was  not  anthoriafd  to 
cr^^te,  rejecting  from  il«  provisions  the 
most  fiacrtnl  rigbla  of  trial  by  jury  and 
hahea>t  cjtrpufl,  thia  law  waa  pas^d ; 
impo-iinf?  unP'jual  and  ottonilve  penaltioB 
upon  all  who  should  refuse  to  tak^  part 
ID  it'k  execution,  and  bribing  tho  offlcs^rs 
ttfijwinted  to  administer  it  by  ofFcTi  of 
higher  wages  in  the  euso  of  a  deei&iori 
adverso  to  the  poor  fugitive :  i\m  odioui 
aiid  di^graoefnl  law  waa  recorded  on  the 
fltatnte  booki  of  tho  "■  Model  Eopubha,''  in 
the  central,  the  culipinating  year  of  the 
nineteenth  c^ntary.  Its  oasiilge,  how- 
ever, wasi  ni4  the  wor^  leataro  of  Uie 
iran^action;  tbe  craven  ace^planoe 
vouchsafed  it  by  the  pulpits  and  the 
commerptul  rtrdc* ;  tlio  pliant  ease  with 
whleh  tlie  Nortit  beut  to  the  iuziult,  wa» 
the  ^igni^r'ant  fiwt  in  the  proccoijlug, 
which  more  thnn  all  otheri  covered 
many  an  honest  faco  with  shmnn. 

lih  |)rof>er  to  fiay  that  one  oonsiderar 
tjun  nrevaiM  in  intlucir^g  thit^  roatly 
humiriation  :  the  ha^tQ  of  reiiKiving  tha 
qui*stion  from  tho  sphere  of  political 
agitation.  We  are  bound  to  believo^ 
in  joHtico  to  human  nnture^  that  the 
many  who  welcomed  tiie  com jirom ilea 
of  1850,  did  *o  in  the  since  rest  con* 
vich  '  ibey  Would  put  an  «nd  to 
xhv  ^  Wtwcion  the  North  and 

St>ut!( ,  nuu  vve  must  also  coniC'^^  that  It 
recinei),  for  a  time,  n»  if  tli;it  ri"*uU  wt*re 
about  U\  be  eno(.-it:-d.  Tlie  nntionul  oon^ 
Vfntiofu*  of  btJth  the  urcj*;  j*itrtii?«i  ao<}ill- 
OfOOcI  in  tho  s4?ttlomtrut ;  a  IVc^hl^^nt  wai 
cho«on  whc^MS  iimugutuJ  nddrr*-*  wtm  lit- 
tle more  tiiuQ  a  long  [MocliLmiLtion  of  in* 
tendi*d  flddity  to  it ;  and  Otni^fre**)*  came 
togetlicr  and  act^l  in  n  T^or^^  fraternal 
i-turit  tiian  had  bot—  '  d  for  joart. 

Alas  I  iho  uncert:  ^rtttl  ex|iOG- 

ttttJoiu»t  In  the  uiiiUi  ul  U^o  apparent 
quiet udo,  a  bill,  all  hri«tiing  wjtli  ont- 
ragoi  and  dangers^  U  upruug  upon  tbo 


A 


Our  Parties  and  FolUies, 


[Sept, 


oomitry.  We  mean,  of  course,  the  bill 
for  the  organ  izatioTi  of  Nehradka  and 
Kansas  territories^  whose  s<»lo  obJ<3Ct  was 
to  repeal  the  solemn  prohibition,  erected 
thirty  years  ago,  a^aitv^t  the  spread  of 
slavery  into  tliose  legion^.  At  a  timo 
when  there  was  not  a  cld^en  legitimately 
■within  thojfWJ  territories— when  do  part  of 
the  nation,  save  a  few  intriguers,  was 
dreaming  of  sach  a  inea«iire ;  when  not 
a  Mngle  slate,  naj,  not  a  Bingl©  indivi- 
diial,  had  called  for  it — in  the  face  of  the 
moat  strenuous  opposition  from  North 
and  West,  this  bill  was  (suddenly  pre- 
sented to  Ji  Congrcsg,  not  elected  in  re- 
ference to  %  and  forced  to  a  paspage  by 
all  the  tyrannical  art^  known  to  legi^ik' 
tion,  and  all  the  sinister  influences  with- 
in the  reach  of  an  unj^crupnloa^i  Execu- 
tive. A  grosser  violation  of  all  the  re- 
qniretiieots  of  jjonor— ^if  aU  tlie  Esafe- 
gnards  and  gnaranteea  of  repoblicanism 
— waa  ^seldom  pernidrateil. 

Th|:5  wo  shall  show:  and  in  tlie  firit 
place,  let  m  remark,  that  the  pretL^nee 
by  which  the  act  wa«  carried  was  fraud- 
ulent :  a  fidsehood  on  the  face  of  it,  and 
design etl  oo!y  oa  a  popnlar  catch  for  tho 
unretier'tinjr.  It  purported  to  give  the 
riglit  of  self-government  U>  tie  people  of 
the  terriiorie^ ;  but  it  did  no  such  thing. 
It  denieu  tiiat  right  in  tlie  mt>st  impor- 
tant pflrSicnlars,  aod  mystified  it  so  in 
others  as  to  render  it  wor  till  ess.  No- 
minally ciincediug  the  *' non-interven- 
tion" of  Congress  in  the  local  affairs 
of  the  territories,  it  yet  intL-rvenes  in 
every  form  in  which  intervention  is 
possible.  It  imposes  the  Governor  and 
all  otht^r  officer*  iipon  theni^  it  pre- 
scribes the  most  anheard-of  oaths  to  the 
people ;  it  restricts  the  sufTrage  to  actual 
cidzens;  it  places  in  the  hands  of  the 
Freaid^fnt  and  his  agents  the  power  to 
mould  the  future  character  of  the  com- 
munity ;  Qud  it  authorisses  no  legishition 
which  ia  not  subject,  directly  4>r  indirect^ 
ly,  to  the  contriil  of  the  fe<lcml  govern- 
me^nt  TIte  only  nnn-intcrventiou  wldcJi 
tL  ea  tab  I  is  lies  Ia  the  penmsslim  to  intro- 
duce slavery  into  a  distHct  whtro  it  w*as 
before  tbrhiddcn,  and  the  transfer  of  le- 
gtskitive  corjtrol,  hitherto  oxercli^ed  by  the 
represonhiti>t*B  of  the  whole  people^'to  a 
liody  of  juilges  appointed  by  the  execu- 
tive. It  hsul  no  oilu-r  end^  trom  the  be- 
ginning, and  in  that  end  it  has  sue- 

Be^idesj  tins  ckim  of  absolute  sover* 
eignty  for  the  people  of  the  teiTitorleSi 
is  at  war  witli  our  whole  policy  from 
the  beginning,  as  woll  m  with  the  most 


Tital  principles  of  just  goTernment*    It 

was  never  contemplated  by  the  fVamere 
of  the  Oonatitiition,  nor  by  the  p^eople 
of  the  states  who  ratified  it,  tl*at  th« 
territories  acquired  nnder  it^  should  in- 
stantly be  placed  upon  a  level  with  iho 
original  states.  On  the  contrary,  they 
wore  to  be  held  in  a  state  of  pnpiln^,  if 
we  so  express  it,  under  the  oonirol  of 
Congress,  until  tliey  should  have  ar^inired 
population  and  stability  enough  to  man* 
age  their  affairs  for  themselves.  The 
idea  of  *^  Squatter  soveroigntyi"  that  a 
few  aeci denial  first-comers  should  det^r- 
raioe  the  institutions  of  the  future  state, 
for  all  time,  was  one  of  the  mo&t  offen- 
sive that  could  be  ottered,  and  was  una- 
Bimously  eondemed  by  the  great  states 
men  of  both  the  North  and  South.  It 
was  held  J  that  if  the  whol^  pixii>le  paid 
the  expense  of  territorial  acquisitions — 
whether  by  money  or  blood — if  they 
were  taxed  for  the  support  of  their  pro* 
visional  governments ;  If  Uiey  w^ere  lia- 
ble for  their  defense  against  the  aggrea- 
gsions  of  the  bordering  savages— then  tho 
whole  people  had  al^o  some  right  to  a 
voice  in  tiieir  management.  Taxation 
and  represetJtation  must  go  together, 
&aid  then  Pemocracj ;  and  this  princi- 
ple, we  attest,  is  an  older  and  bettcf  one 
than  the  miserable  subterfuge  of  '^non- 
intervention,*' by  which  the  demagogues 
of  Oou  gr ess  hope  to  s  u  pen^  edc  i  t.  **  N  on- 
interventson  I"  fc^rr^ooth,  which  njcaiu? 
that  the  people  of  the  slates  shall  hem 
all  tho  bur^lens  of  the  territories,  but 
have  no  power  to  protect  them  from  the 

ruossaj^e  of  irsjurions  aud  infamous  laws. 
t  means  that  the  parent  most  be  m- 
sponsiblc  for  all  the  debtd  and  deeiia  of 
his  child,  and  yet  be  divested  of  all  thf 
authority  of  a  parent.  1 1  means,  in  "ishort, 
that  the  perpetrators  of  the  iuiquity 
wanted  some  delur^ive  pretext,  nnd  that 
'"^  non-intervention,^^  with  all  its  absurdi- 
ties, wa4  the  best  they  could  And* 

Again;  this  bill,  in  the  metliodof  its  pt^ 
enge,  nulhfied  another  fundamental  prin- 
ci  l>lo  of  rej  jr  esen  tati  ve  go  ve  rnmen  t ,  n  ame- 
]y,  that  a  re|ire^entativo  Is  but  the  mouth- 
p ieoe  an d  o r gf\n  o f  his  cons ti t ucnt.^,  Pocie 
anybody  believe  that,  if  the  pri  tposal  t*>  re- 
peal the  Missouri  Compromise  hft'l  bten 
submitted  to  a  direct  vote  of  tln^  tn  oole, 
that  it  wtJtd  d  have  oo  m  m  an^l  re , 

north  of  Magon's  and  Dii«ii  in- 

gle minority  in  any  district  or  township 
in  any  state  I  Was  there  a  solittirr  j>^ 
tition  for  it  sent  i '  ^yr 

South  9    Was  a  a- 

gr©68,  who  ^oted  lor  it,  elected,  ivitJi  a 


wm 


Our  PartiiM  and  Poliiiet, 


\ 


\ 


\ 


fitfw  to  mnh  t  aaettloti  t  Wer^  not  thd 
tillei  of  tiotb  deimtc  and  Hooao  laden 
9ith  nmcmnltnuctii  n^rilrt^t  it^  forvrorded 
Oil  hy  i^olltidans  nor  ontbufilMts,  bat 

Mi*!  Did  iU  Irivudji,  when  ehaHenged 
!••  ilo  #i\  tlaru  to  iH>9i(H3ne  actioii  upOEi 
iC,  Ibr  ftQMtiitt^  r€tAr,  tmtll  the  peoplo 
«iMMld  h^  allowoa  to  pass  npon  it  ?  Vvas 
It  «iilfitf«d  U>  UikQ  itM  rcgrular  course  in 
Ui#  tiff\ifr«B!i  q{  legbkLiim !  No  I — no  I 
— iH»t  And  yet|  wa  aro  told^  Ibat  ours 
b  ^WprmMCUIive  government  1  A  num- 
kr4f  fliieft,  dtlegaU'd  for  pariicQlar  par- 
to  WuillogU>xif  possej^iun^  not  a 
of  tuifaority  b«Vimd  that  eun- 

1  WIMWI  Ihem  hy  the  pen pk,  ncglcrt 

teol^jiote  for  wbioli  they  were  ehoscn, 
«td  Mtioced  to  Bix^ompli^h  other  objects, 
mUik  art  not  only  not  w  lib  cm]  by  ihmr 
but  are  tm  ou trace  upon 
iinocrcst  mad  deepest  convictions. 
On  W»  «ftU  them  repreaenuitires  t  or, 
is«  cbey  Aol  mther  nsurp^rs,  reoroaota, 
i4pr^«^  fl«9|>)t8  7  What  use  h  there 
b  iMspolar  elections,  when  the  pf^r^on^ 
fiu^cj  themseheii  hnniiedjflielj^M- 
fSrom  all  respoDsibilUy,  and  go  on 
t#M  la  ihm  most  indepeudent  and  arbi* 
tnrymastrf  It  ii  truo,  Ihej  may  be 
md  after wnrd^  for  tlieir  eritninal 
of  tmi  '  'larn^diior  may  be 

lifter  '  i^  ^(oieii,  bat  then 

tW  mieebkf  ie  akt^y  dtmo.  We  may 
ijiniliarni  a  elerk  who  rat>9  tlie  tdt,  bnt 
•fitt  tliai  rittore  uti  our  inuDi'y  I  We  may 
\wh  a  tedocer  when  he  h  oanght,  bnt 
a  rMomponio  to  our  vloki^d  ho* 
Hot  at  ah.  What  we  wont  In  lo- 
in other  triisttt,  are  hont^t 
mvEi  who  will  |HMl\>rnv  t!jeir 
iieoofdinff  to  our  wkhe*,  and  not  m 
of  tudr  own  aeUiili  ol^eot« ; 
MB  who  do  HE  It  r^tiire  to  be  waidied 
wlw^try  il^4  and  whc»^  Odt^lity  diH^*<  not 
diipaM  akiae  upon  onr  ulterior  priviloge 
of  bi^lilli9g  tbom  when  tli^j  liave  done 
wmBflL  A  CoTT^rnMB  ofKOeb  lOL^n  wuiitd  be 
IHata  m'  n  iiaHeiii bk^4.4  of  oh oara, 

■ttlL  ftir  '^^  W4»  nhoiild  greatly 

frabr  %Lt  niW  ot  ^'  :^r  Lonis  Kn- 

U)  th^ir  b*  i«  Traudit  and 


■  ho 
►r- 

of 
riinent  into  a 
HpotiMn,  and 
L  k  l#ll  Qfli  to  niarJc 


p  who  ft' 


I^Of  * 

ovIUr 


hb  tTeaohery,  la  to  discharge  hiin  fofev^r 
from  every  partki patio n  in  ita  cuundlB. 
He  has  wantonly  provoked  the  reward, 
and  let  bim  have  it^  to  hb  h^ort^ii  eon- 
tent. 

An  open  disregard  of  the  will  of  the 
constituency  Is  always  a  ;jrave  otTenco  in 
a  popnlar  government,  but  how  Hagrant 
and  unpard*mable  is  ir,  when  it  boom- 
m»tti*d  in  furtherance  of  measures  whieh 
look  to  the  overthrow  of  jKjpular  liberty  I 
Had  tbe  Nebraska  bill  been  cum narative- 
ly  usexcepUotiable,  had  it  cotiteinplated 
Boine  great  and  useful  iinpruvement  or 
reform,  there  would  <^vea  then  have  ex- 
isted fio  excuse  forth©  haste,  the  violence*, 
and  ihe  audaciiy  with  which  it  waa 
pressed  to  a  vole ;  but  when  we  retlect 
ilmt  it9  principal  object  wns,  to  repeal  a 
salutary  ordinance  against  the  ditlus^ion 
of  a  ^lestilent  and  lamentable  evil,  we 
64tarch  dictionaries  in  vatn  for  worda  to 
exprfsj*  our  feeling  of  the  magnitude  and 
malignity  of  the  wroofj.  For  nearly 
hnlf  a  century  those  ferule  regions  of  the 
Went  had  rejoici^  in  their  prospective 
exemption  from  the  oatracfes  of  bla- 
v^ry.  The  Arnerican,  and  the  foreiguer 
even,  who  rode  over  tliem,  felt  hla  heart 
dilate  as  he  beheld  in  their  rich  Boldi, 
the  future  homea  of  an  advafjcifig  and 
Bplendid  civilixation.  lie  could  already 
hear  in  the  rustle  of  the  gra^Bea  tlie  hum 
of  a  prosperous  ind  untry ;  he  saw  ma^ 
ni^eeat  otiies  rise  on  the  borders  of  tha 
stream!*,  and  pleaaant  villages  dot  the 
hills  and  a  Houd^hirig  cointnert-fr  whiteii 
the  ripples  of  the  lakv^;  the  laugh  of 
happy  children  <mme  up  to  him  from  the 
ourn*lieldHi,  and  a^  ttie  glow  of  the  eren* 
ing  mn  tinged  the  distant  ]ilalnii,  a  radi- 
ant and  kindling  vlsic^n  floatecl  upon  ita 
boaina,  of  myriads)  of  toon,  oecaped  ftam 
the  tyrannies  of  ihe  M  wuHJ^  and  gatli^ 
ered  there  id  wor^lj  i ;  ',v%  to  poor 

out  their  grateful  b^ :  ' .  ud,  for  a  rd* 

d«5ernod  and  teeming  earths  But,  Woe 
unto  us  now,  this  beautirul  region,  com* 
pared  with  which  tlie  largetst  principalis 
ties  of  Europe  ar«  but  pin-lolda,  nav, 
compared  wiUi  vhich  the  inmt  |H>werfb] 
^jciatin^  empir.jfi  are  of  triviiil  extent,  is 


I 


dMOO^I 


rUm,  Of  wbofri^ 
purchase  of  th\    .^ 

(I lie  race,  by  tlio  *.- : 

mnother.    Our  vi^i- 

of  froG  labours : 

temnlaiion  at  i' 

liiiglo  aot  of  lo|paU^i>ii^  \tkf6  ^sftXM^  ^\Miia 


^vhich 

'avba- 
nt  U  a 
cti  ol 
in  of 
lOnpi 


344 


Our  Parim  and  PoUiks. 


[8«|>t 


h©  eiit^nad  Paradise,  bni  reverH«d  tbe 
deetiDtes  of  &  worM.  The  tii^lds  seem  to 
wither  St  Itt  approach ,  the  wat«ra  *Jry 
Op,  threiLieiiisg  obudii  obscare  the  sky ; 
and 

**  Nature*  tiiroi^h  mR  h*f  ^otk»t  0ta  ftfiu  of  Toe^ 

Jt  hai;  been  eetaetned  the  special  privi- 
lege and  gb*ry  of  this  joung  reptiblio 
that  her  future  was  io  h«r  t>wn  hands. 
Born  to  no  inheritance  of  wrong  and  mr* 
row,  like  tlie  natiuDB  of  the  older  eontU 
netits^  and  with  iiu  existence  as  tresh  and 
niXBuUied  as  dio  fame  of  a  ripening  mai- 
den, it  waa  Kujiposed  that  »lie  tuight  see 
theitatei  which  we  re  sewn  to  beconie  the 
childronof  her  family,  growing  np  about 
her  Id  prosperity,  love  and  vigor*  Slie 
could  wiiteh  over  thtir  cradles  and  keep 
Uietn  frurn  harm ;  i^he  could  nourish 
them  with  manly  fctrength;  she  could 
formthijm  hy  her  wis<3and  tender  solid- 
tude^  to  a  career  of  exalted  worth  and 
greatness.  A  new  page  in  the  history 
of  mankind  apfjejired  to  be  opened — a 
page  mi  blotted  by  the  bk^d-s^  tains  of 
tyranny^  which  mark  the  rubncsj  of  the 
past,  and  dtistiiied  to  bo  written  over 
only  by  tliA  record?s  of  an  ei  er-maturing 
nobleness  and  grandeur.  This  was  the 
ambition  of  her  fathersj— *jf  those  who 
laid  the  beams  of  her  habitation  deep  in 
the  principles  of  vfrtuouB  freedom,  and 
bequeatjted  to  her  the  heroic  precedent 
of  BJngk^ 'hoar ted  devotion  to  justice  and 
right.  But,  ahvs  how  are  ibeir  hoj>e« 
pr»u»strate<i !  Ere  the  first  half  century 
of  her  youtl*  ta  parsed,  she  finds  her* 
fielf  not  engaj^ed  In  a  hajid-to^haiid 
strui^j^le  tor  Ui^  preservation  of  her 
l>aternal  ncree,  her  un&liorn  and  bound* 
less  pniirie^,  from  slaver v,  hot  yielding 
lb  em  id  most  withotit  reluctance  to  the 
fatal  blight.  When  Niobe  saw  her  fair 
soni?  and  daughters  falHng  oader  the  swift 
"artii  of  ( iie  angry  gods,  ehe  wept  herself 
Btt-ine,  but  tlie  genius  of   America, 

•whom  it  i^  Uie  jirido  of  her  sculptors  to 
rcfiresent  as  we^iring  the  Phrygiati  cap 
of  liberty  on  her  brow,  and  trampling 
upon  broken  chains  with  ber  feet^and 
bearing  aloii  the  tegis  of  eternal  justice 
—surrenders  her  children,  without  re- 
raorue,  !o  dt*ath>  She  behed  her  symbols, 
Bhe  Biip}'re^sta  her  in^^pi rations;  Bhe  opena 
the  gates  of  the  coming  ceotnries  to  the 
advent  of  a  remedtlesH  bondage. 
We  are  aware,  it  is  oflen  said,  that 
avery  cannot  be  airried  into  th^  tern- 
l>rte^  recently  orgtinizedf  ^that  their  soil 

"tnd  climate  are  not  adapted  to  ks  tup- 


port,  and  that  the  sole  airn^  la  t^ns^^nBg 

the  rciLricttom  of  tho  Miaflouri  compro- 
miae,  is  to  erase  a  diatincLioii  which  ihe 
Sotith  regards  sm  dishoB'— ='^",  nod 
myU5t.     It  has  however,  b*  fit- 

ly answered  to  this,  that  ahi^..j  :..:ive& 
in  Missonn,  which  is  between  nearly  tht 
same  parallels  of  latitude,  that  IlUaoii*, 
nimilarly  sitnated,  w^as  only  eared  &uiii  h 
by  a  protracted  and  earnest  etroggb, 
and  Indiana  only  by  tiie  immortal  ordi* 
nance  of  I78T*  But  it  is  nseless  to  ad- 
duce precedents  and  analogies  in  tlie 
face  of  current  facts.  The  moment  in 
which  we  write  witnesses  tJie  proceed- 
ings of  assemblages  convened  to  keep 
free-em igration  out  of  these  territtjries 
by  force  of  arms,  if  need  be.  Already 
flave  holder^s  are  on  Iheir  way  to  tsstHU- 
lisli  themselvea  and  their  "'institutioo*^ 
there,  nay  they  aro  already  in  possession 
of  some  of  the  choicest  parts  of  tlio  soiJ, 
and  are  resolved  to  maintaiji  it,  against 
all  cotncr«.  Away,  then^  with  the 
flimsy  pretext  that  slavery  is  banned  by 
what  Mr.  Webster  oaUed  "  tlie  laws  of 
God  ;^*  by  natural  position  and  circuni- 
stanocs!  Thoi*e  we  admit,  have  much 
to  do  with  the  prevalence  and  strength 
of  the  system^ — but  they  are  not  oumi- 
potent  nor  final, — they  are  only  accessory, 
either  for  it  or  against  it, — and  the  will 
of  man,  his  determinaticn  to  abide  by 
the  perenniaV  principles  of  right,  or  Io 
snrrender  them  to  a  temporary  and  short* 
sighted  spirit  of  gain, — is  what  gives 
character  in  this  respect^  to  society*  Ke- 
bra^ka  and  Kansas  will  be  slave  States 
if  slave-holders  go  there,  and  they  wiJl 
be  free  States  if  freemen  go  there,  and 
this  1 3  the  long  and  short  of  the  matter ; 
let  the  soil  woo  and  the  climate  siaile en* 
couragement  upon  whom  It  pleases.  If 
the  American  people  do  not  now— on 
the  instant — rescue  those  lands  to  free- 
dom. It  is  in  vain  that  they  will  hereafter 
look  to  Nature  or  any  other  inia- 
enoes  for  their  salvation, 

W^e  are,  indeed,  so  ^r  from  being  per- 
goaded  that  it  1^  nut  meant  to  take  slavery 
into  our  new  ten  lorries,  thiit  we  begin,  to 
entertain  thec^jnviction,  that  the  pro]Mi- 
gandists  of  the  South,  will  not  stop  ei 
with  the  territories.  It  h  imput* 
them,  by  aothorities  t^ntifted  ti>  rctj 
that  they  cherish  a  ]►  ^i  alms, 

not  merely  at  its  esta;  within 

the  limits  of  all  tlie  new  >  '  at 

the  consolidation  of  it,  b}  i^n* 

questti.     We    know    that  "  ut 

has  long  been  on.  foot  ia  I  -  or 

tt#  legalkadoii    there;    wc   iUiu'^F    Ui&l 


Out-  Parim  tmd  Pditki* 


i»   rftf\*^i]f^nA   ii«   the- 

wkAov. 

bef<ifi4  Cuba  ulitiil  ha\  - 
bbckv 

ire  kii 

calM  for  llio  V, 


Mm, 

pl 

W    mail 


niidtiis  of 

of 


of  our 


» 


•afoc 

!»•«  ^  iii  r**eogn*u*jQ  ut 

teDoitaiiiiear.  ,  tvith  nn  ulterior 

fitw  to  iU  »t*utrjiAttiHt ;  tttULl,  we  ari3  to  1^1, 
ItenTtfffQf^  tiflv*  be4?tt  TTi^i'Je  tn  Brii/al 
•irt»»-opertUion  in  tlio  ^'  ^;iWmh- 

ifct  4  vn>i :  ftbi V  e-  h  111  L 1  cf  Ac?y 

i  Soalli.      Of  conr>L%  Mjstie  uf   lht?s© 

•ni  •till  in  Uie  ^jrri*tle;  Uiey  are 
Pi  fttnkliifttvd  hi  by  tiii^Judk-lou^mert 
^i»f  i««doQ;  bu(tW  rt^tiioio  foiiC4*|i* 
il0m  of  tbem  ebonJd  bo  rnnnitory  and 
v»fci>Q  oi  tf>  vigilimce,     U  is  one  of  tbe 

Aa  w^U  M  gloH<.'«t,  of  tlib  nii« 

r  Mf  nijtff[irtiAiii.       \   tbcnig!it  h 
r  Tc  il  beeomci  a 

V  .  s  W4J  strike  iitid 

plgy  s    wt»   acttialiiie    tbo 

nMst  »  !  |4ti!4Mo|}ht*r#f  jiik)  im- 

pn  to  o«r  Alpftir^^i  Id^n^  an  Inntant  ort*A- 
flf «  CB^fif .     Tht^  fnrt,  tliL^n,  ihat  siiclj 
^  of  pro-ilttverj 
^1  kUCQ  into  nctirt 

114^,  Eifo  said  U>  bar* 

«minent  fltution^ 
Inegit  a  huumv  and  je.i!omi  watch- 
i^ii&st    tiicir   lea^t  b^nmxigs, 


Jiid  ibe 


wtf  bcmr  m  ^  f^ml 

MS  of  1fA0tl<^j,— and    how 
tMi^bow  |ircgnjuit  and   pr^<. 

tb«  ^cniw  of  rdivns  whic!^  euibr«oe 
Aod  eompiioiiU^d  itit«re«tt,  and 
I  Um  dbiuetub^rment  and  control 
»t 

>  of    '  .   ntj  iif  iVci. 

J  hj  *A  .*  rfrnlity  of 

irjitAv^  a^iri  miuivju.'5  tlio  wniii  of 
mm  abonli)   I>a   no  iUMiuiblt  io 
•  mrfiorata  rn*[>on*!bditi^  and 
Lf  Enl^niiitd/  <jitJiii*cied    witJi  tbe 
tnanosdiMM  good  ar  (svltcoji^^  '<"">''^<'  '»f 
^«ir  ta(HiM»ia«iiCt     Wo  ftTi  i  * 

pa«  fJl«t  tlui  Q{rL«nc£?i  of  na  ^    '-ft 

Ui#  faira  of  i  ran  b& 

liid  to  DO  111 '  -:r  tbat 


thfongb  the  mnldttide  of  tbe  offtsodera, 
and  wo  do  noi  fetd  in  conaeTitin^f  or  Cf>n- 
tiibiitin^  to  tbe  (.loinndstmon  of  thctn  that 
wv  contnujt  any  dt?gre<?  of  uor^onal 
ffiilit*  On  tbe  contrarj,  w*  iindL^rvaluo 
'-■I  jis  otfenee*,  and  ovon  kngb  at  live 

-fit  of  imtionrd  sin!?,  aA  of  some  gi- 
H'iiii'J  ub^itrjictiun  or  cbhnora,  tbft  btn!!- 
it'**  find  itnjialpablo  ml  of  one,  who,  asi 
thn  Kil»i '*M>T|)re*sij3if  Juw  ncithi^r  al:»iMly 
lhI  nt*r  A  soul  to  damn.  But, 
i  by  tbeir  acttml  eftdrL«*,  by  Ujo 
awtui  reach  ftnd  deatlik'^w  viidity  of 
tbeir  workin^s^  tbcae  national  iniqidt!©!! 
are  tbi?y  whiob  arc  most  to  ]>e  titni^'glf.^! 
rt'^'Hjn'^t.,  dc^prifcated,  drendt.Hl»  TIk^  evil 
done*  by  u  |mvate  Individ ua)  i-prt?stdi* 
tbroiipjh  a  narniw  drcle  only,  and  doi>* 
not  aJw-aya  li%*o  after  hi rn;  tl*t?  cfiita^on 
of  its  virni*  jnay  b«  flf>i^dily  cuunk^raetcHl, 
and  ibt*  wurtt  r  '  ''  it  ottcn  are  no 
mnrc  than  tbe  '■  iLof  otbi?r  iiidi- 

viilu^ils.  Butihi  ^w.  lii^nobythe  pub- 
lic luitif  wbigh  i§  sanctiorjcd  by  a  ooi-po* 
rate*  antbonty^  xvbloh  gt^ls  embodbd  into 
a  wJckiid  law,  and  to  that  eitent  Ix^oame* 
tho  deed  of  many,  cither  a  fitnily,  an 
a'iii'jciation,  or  tribe  or  a  coinniouwcaltlj, 
is  uu^nient^d  and  n]uUi[>Ul^d,  both  in  Hi 
cfirnlnabty  ar^d  Hh  oon^dquenee^,  by  tbe 
nijtTd>or  oi  wills  wbicli  miy  he  **tipjK>sed 
to  Lave  n^incurriirt!  in  it,  axid  i*  propor- 
tit maidy  dre^flful  to  contemplate,  ltd 
pow(»rt»  of  mU(?hiof  are  intinitfly  in* 
oroftiied ;  ibe  fiotent  enginery  id'  the  e<tilte 
Is  mftde  tta  in>4tniinent;  it^  blasting  inflti- 
eneem  apreail,  nut  only  tlirun^^b  a  single 
a»mnt unity,  but  o>^or  vast  raws  f*"*^ 
Irrtvi-d  downvrard  lo  the  rainoie^t  tttne. 
It  may  i\rr<iH  the  movementa  of  uation«, 
paralysie  llie  very  fertility  of  ibe  earth, 
imd  fiiun  tbt,'  heart  of  buuimiity  for  ftgei. 
Tli«i  Yic«s  of  single  men  ire  lUe  dbeoiiKi 
bv  which  they  themsdveasmlfor  and  in 

K-n,  or  at  mo«t  by  whie!i  they  <M>nimti- 
Lii^  dtsioiL'^e  to  those  wba  ooma  in  eon- 
tLieL  with  Lbeni,  but  tbe  vieeji  i>f  fitaiCii  ftr& 
a  rufllaria  wbieh  bliatenfi  in  the  flir  and 
fo4rerfl  in  the  mjJI,  and  aweep^  away  mil* 
ljan«  in  borribte  a^niea  Ui  the  t^unb. 

Oil  1  iiuw  tnii>  '     '     '  m]^  may  ho  done^ 
or  of  evil  pfi'  a  littlo  iknyly 

legi^latioti.  Uikcri  nrn^^naii  (Jraecbu^ 
trnveJUng  through  Italy,  to  join  the 
army  iu  Spoin^  i^vv  buw  llm  mnlti* 
tilde  of  hi*  eiKintrytnen  wwre  imparur- 

hilDil     ntnl      iL^-Jr       tl  M-^      T-ild       [U'-Mil.it« 

byii  '■ 

til   t 


Q(  Utit  liuniftu  ix»ti4uuik(i««a«U^U>j  Ik  %vm.* 


246 


Omr 


pie.  jizst  .icd  r<nci:c:ii  le  ^v  -rhich  jiwiild 
build   ;p.  !a  :Le  .z.:is-:    c  :i.e  ^oxanoos 

izi  Inderesdc!!!  n*.-:rLiz  jc-^nianxy.  He 
perceiveti  :la;  ::.«?  -ui-lj  iorsain,  long 
marpei  '.^t  Tie  P-iir.v::^!!^  ::  Apprtjnri- 
ated  :o  me  ptf^ir-le.  -w.^-.i.d  preveiu  the 
conceniraciita  .n  'v.>al:h  .-ted  stiraoiate 
the  pride  and  icdii^trrai  eQerq::<»  n  iha 
•3lm\y*t  liopeless  >r<.)pie ;  .mil.  iuui  his  7n>- 
jtfct  b«wu  oarrei,  ae  "Ti.nua  ha**e  arrest- 
ed tiw  dt.»wawarri  .•arwr  n  ais  Amntry, 
and  {>erpetu:tcvd  ror  cencunes  vit>ulnle<«, 
the  oariy  U^>iiiau  vin;:e.  ^voicii  still  ^eems 
murvollou^  :o  as  in  in?  iiiniity  and  A>n.*e. 
But  the  ilosic^is  ot  Gracchus  wore  de- 
teatcd  by  !iis  murder:  die  Patrician* 
triumpliod  ;  the  pev^ple  i;Tew  poorer  and 
corrupter.  :iil  thoy  were  ac  last  led  like 
paui>ers  I'nMii  the  public  granaries :  alter* 
nate  iii>urn.-ctions  of  slaves  swept  the 
state  like  a  whirlwind ;  despots  like  SylLu 
and  ilci I uu:^ luetics  like  Marius  convulsed 
society  by  civil  wars;  and,  tiaally«  the 
tyrant  Ciesar,  amse  to  reap  the  liar- 
vest  oi  [>rvviv»us  di>tractii»«s  and  as  the 
only  siihaiiou  iVtun  prvMoundcr  miseries, 
N)  crivi  on  the  ruins  oi  the  Republic  an 
irri^piiu^sible  nionar^'liy. 

Wo  have  dwelt  UfKin  the  proceedings 
of  tho  pn>->lavory  ]»ariy  so  long,  thatV© 
ha\o  li'tl  ouisclvoH  little  s[hioo  for  urging 
utKui  i»(lior  parties  tlieir  duties  in  the 
oriMv-t.  Uut  wo  will  not  speak  to  them 
US  pal  lifrt.  Wo  will  siiy  to  them  as  Ame- 
ii*-an«s  jLi  tVconioii,  as  Christians,  that  the 
hiito  liiiM  arrixoil  wliou  all  divisions  and 
aiuiiioMitoH  hIumiM  bo  laid  iiside,  in  order 
lo  iv.-»\uo  ilitH  gi\Mt,  this  beautiful,  this 
^li>t  lout  liiiid  rr\tm  a  Imtcful  domination. 
At  ti  now  iM,  no  man  who  expreBses, 
hi>>%o\or  iiioJci'aiely,  a  free  opiuioa  of 


the  sUrfr-systoB  cf  idbt  sofeh,  m  alknrad 
to  hold  any  oiBoe  of  |n6ft  crtraft,  under 
the  General  GoTcnoMBt.  XommeinlM 
Preeideot,  no  Eun  a  fatmga  miiiister,  do 
man  a  tide-waSicr,  erea,  or  the  meanest 
scnllioo  in  tbe  M&al  kitchen,  who  ha» 
not  first  boviid  ^>-am  and  eaten  the  dirt 
of  adherenot  ia>  sLarerr.    Oh !  (hameloi 
debasement. — d^ai  snder  a  Uiuon  fonned 
for  the  estaUisLacfit  of  liber^  and  yur 
tice, — ^onder  a  Uzi  >n  horn  of  the  agooin 
and   cemented    br  the    Mood  of  oar 
parents, — a  Univ^'whose  nuanon  It  wia 
to  set  an  example  of  republican  freedon, 
and  commend  it  to  the  panting  nadoM 
of  the  world, — we  freemen  of  the  United 
States,  should  be  suffocated  bj  poUticiut 
into  a  silent  acqaiesoenee  with  despo- 
tism I    That  we  should  not  dare  to  utter 
the  words  or  breathe  the  aqHrations  of 
oar  fiithers,  or  propagate  their  principle!, 
on  pain  of  ostracism  and  political  death  I 
just  Heaven !  into  what  depths  of  in&my 
and  insensibility  have  we  hdlenl 

We  repeat,  that  until  the  sentiment  of 
slavery  is  driven  back  to  its  original 
bounds,  to  tho  states  to  which  it  Mgiti- 


mately  belongs,  the  people  of  the  North, 
are  vassals.    Yet  their  emandpation  ii 
praeticablo  if  not  easy.    They  haye  onl; 
to  evince  a  determination  to  be  free,  ani 
they  are  free.    They  are  to  ^seard 
past  alliances,  to  put  aside  all  pros 
tears,  to  dread  no  future  coalitions,  in 
single  hope  of  carrying  to  speedy  yictoi 
a  banner  inscribed  with  these  devices >—...... 

Tns  Repeal  of  the  Fuoititx  Sla-"^^ 
Law, — The  Restobatiox  of  the  1C:^|. 

80URI     COMPBOMISB, — ISo     MOJSE    Sl^^^ 

States, — No  more  Slate  Tbrsitoe:^^ 
— ^The  Homestead  fob  Free  Mes     qy 

THE  PiTBUO  LaSDS, 


mL] 


ITaorf-iValei. 


241 


WOOD-HOTBS. 

(OooOaned  tno.  fiAfa  ]99.) 


VU  Zm  fOEKOT. 


I 


ilittlo  rarra>hQas«  in  the 

in  Mil  All  townsiiip,  half  way 

tlie  CuuiJtxjUcut  iinJ  the  Au- 

At  d»t»i«-liii|^  in  Uie  inorri- 

wo  toUl  our  host  that  wo  should 

m  thm  rirer  up  throtjgh  wwjds  to 

it,  to  Bm^g's  Uivi^ru.     ^'  Wal,'*  said 

"tint  «r?»  eauy  «»nougli.    Got  ftny 

oi^J'"     '"  Fir«worka  I"  I  queried 

Kq."    Pin-whi^ela  whizzing 

ti^^e^tnjtikfli,  aud  sqtiibs  and 

4r7  le«rK«  B9^mm  nai  precisely  true 
toiAlry.  Eooketi  tnighi  ^rLiioiinoe  Dor 
vtberwKmU;  but,  otk  tlie  whole,  the 
i4m  tif  ^fcwof^i,  Aft  part  of  a  WQad:»- 
owi**  odtit,  ireemed  riither  add.  But 
9H-  frwtsd  lOttwei^  in  seeming  snr- 
prlM,  "Kof  Uaiii't  y©»  Wait  a 
nkli.**  60  hii  entered  tlio  house  and 
i^paiilf  rv tamed  with  a  box  of  macehaif 
v^di  be  d4»IiT^r6d  to  us,  a^icoinfianyiikg 
tfWBi  Willi  «ani4'?^r      '         Hi^ns  never  to 

Thk,  ai  oow  cxpLiuu-ii,  :  rtrJited  good  nd- 
rfo«;  and  wo  pcMskoli'd  it  and  the 
TtT**'^.  and  Ju[^ait«d. 

W#  eiittOi  about  n<x>n,  as  per  di ration, 
to  A  Icioely  toi^-lnHZr^^i  m  a  curn^patob* 
Tlia  ftMd  li  -  Lt45d  Irilu  &  intTO 

Milk,  Mid  rr  '    IitmI  purn^ivd  it 

fer  •ttfiQKlit  ^  the  W^tern 

li^vay,  iti  L  ..^  and  rtin  up 

ft  ntm*  Al  ih*i  bg-hut  we  got  diuuer — 
ft  ira«  ^»cei»ter*a  meal:  bear'tt-raeat, 
bm«f,  nulk,  (Kitatocii^  jind  bread  and 
\mt$^ — a  m(i«t  r«fh»iliiiig  i^nd  appetiz- 
^f  fwSoctioti^  for  whiob  wo  were  etiargod 
Iht  iaiD  of  tun  oMIi  iaeh ;  i  dlilereal 
^iiuiii;  T  iniw,  from  that  which  Win^ 
iaA  ur  Taylirr  wuulc!  vxavi  for  vinhtbait 
ran^  and  ta  lik«  quantity  and  quality. 
¥fs  bowtm  loalated  upno  pi^uif  Iba 
woal  Uf«i>*l<«»  twenty- A vo  mntM  aaah ; 
la  fiiiini  Ibr  whkh  wc  reisoivtHl  careful 
Mimskmt^  two  or  thrive  bift'nii.  and  a 
lstD|»  oi  b«ar*«*rneai.  Wo  ri>fun>d  more 
MvrWoit^,  which  ihu  kindly  hoase-nio- 
ihir  wotild  baro  firtiaaed  upon  u»f  a$  it 
wm  4Milf  flUtm  otdca  m  Braug^g  10  Er^ 
111  tJta  pUoe  wbvm  we  in  landed  to  Aup. 

Oer  tm^'elling  dir^'i^tionA  were  cloar^ 
ttfttaely :  la  follow  up  th«  right  (or  wcHt) 
tek  itf  tb0  Aodfoiouggiii^  oti  whidi  W0 
vfMi,  for  aboat  tbn*  mJloi,  to  circtim- 


arnbtilnte  Indian  Pond,  which  was  de- 
ecribed  to  ue,  to  cro«yi  the  river  at  the 
Seven  lidan^i^,  and  tlnd  a  straight  and 
ea.«y  path  a  little  wtiy  back  from  the 
river  bank  on  the  other  eid*?.  S<>  wc  de* 
parted;  fonod  the  pond  and  the  isbnds; 
nmde  a  raft  of  louse  bgs  and  witln^si, 
pat  onr  dotljeu  and  knaptsiiekji  thereon, 
and  swam  the  river;  not  without  bom^ 
dim  appreheDtioDs  of  a  nip  of  tlie  toe 
from  a  snapping-turtlo ;  re-d rested,  and 
plungied  Into  the  wooda  In  si?arch  of  tlie 
^^  straight  and  easy  path/^ 

We  moved  into  Cue  forest  at  a  right* 
angle  from  the  course  of  the  river,  and 
walked  straight  forward  about  two  ndlo^ 
witliont  finding  any  path  of  any  kind^ 
eieept  snndry  labyrinthine  cart«trnck» 
w^hich  generally  came  round  into  tljem* 
^\vid%  again  within  ten  rods,  in  a  manner 
tending  somewhat  to  perplex  the  unwa- 
ry. Tbcse  patiis  ramble  abtmt  without 
apparent  purpose;  hut  careful  ins^peelioti 
pbowi*^  here  and  there,  within  a  lew  fijet 
of  theif  edge^  the  olosc-cnt  slump  of 
some  larga  tr&&^  The  ineidlons  lumber- 
men have  thus  rominntcd  through  the 
wood^jj  1^  it  were  slyly  circulating  trom 
tr(^6  to  tr4ii%  «$nrprising  and  claying  th^ 
old  forest  j^anta  by  coming  upon  them 
through  these  bidden  and  tttcdtlty 
routea. 

Ikving  Ihns  ventured  into  the  doptlis 
of  the  forest  a**  far  ns  we  (hired,  ob^rv- 
ing  our  due  right  line  of  march  by 
*^ sighting'^*  at  auch  trees  a;*  wer^  in 
range  of  our  conn^^,  and  having  failed  aa 
afureaaidf  we  atop|^  Hhort  in  our  tracks^ 
faced  square  about,  and  went,  like  the 
burglarious  Sawney,  **  bock  agcn.*'  Then 
we  tbllowed  the  river  bank  a  little  way, 
and  made  another  uacI^sm  da^b  off  into 
the  forent,  in  ^rmreh  of  ibe  ^'straight 
and  ea»y  path/^  In  several  such  expbr^ 
aitooi  we  waiit«d  Uie  afternoon;  and 
night  ovoftook  u-*  iu  iho  wo^xU.  By 
goiid  fortune  wi>  cami?,  iu  tlic  midat  of 
our  nncomfuriablo  flp<^eulAtlonM  upon  the 
00m fort  of  al /ff^'o  b*wichanil^t'p<|  upon 
a  "Jogging-caiun*'^ — ^  elo*K*-built  unug 
h]|g-bni  tr^ted  by  lambermtu  for  rt»i> 
deuce  (luring  their  winter  work.  Thi» 
we  ipoetlily  (fnterinl;  but  bviuji  yet  raw 
In  woodcraft^  and  without  an  ;lXq,  we 
only  mat!     .     '  '  '  I*  wilb 

•nob  cli>.  '  Jt  the 

tniall  cleuiidi  *j^'.icu    111    vviiti<.[i  iue>   but 


248 


Wood'NoU9. 


[Sept 


stood,  and  lay  down  with  our  feet  to- 
wards the  blaze,  un  the  hard  matted 
carpet  of  dry  spruce  twig?*.  We  ate  the 
small  relic*  of  our  provisions;  for,  in 
confident  expectation  of  supping  in  Er- 
rol,  we  foolishly  threw  away  the  Tiati- 
cum  which  had  been  given  us  at  dinner, 
except  the  lump  of  meat,  and  a  biscuit. 
Of  that  wa'^tefulness  we  repented  that 
evening,  and  repented  more  next  day. 

Wo  slept  cold  and  uneasily;  waking 
often;  each,  as  ho  waked,  replenishing 
the  fire.  Our  beds  were  as  hard  as  a 
floor.  We  had  no  covering  but  our 
clothes.  The  night  air  was  chilly  and 
damp,  and  more  so  from  the  fogs  that 
crept  up  out  of  the  river  and  thickened 
the  atmosphere.  With  the  first  light  of 
the  morning  wo  arose  and  prepared  to 
go  forward.  The  dreary,  grey  air  seem- 
ed as  cold  as  winter.  Wet  and  raw,  it 
clasped  us  close,  settled  upon  ojir  gar- 
ments, cleaved  stickily  to  our  flesh,  and 
defled  our  shivering  efforts  to  reiMsl  its 
attacks  by  the  warmth  of  the  fire.  A 
wann  night's  rest  wiU,  of  it**elf,  supply 
no  inconsiderable  power  of  resismnce  to 
cold  ;  but  our  animal  warmth  had  been 
undergoing  a  ])rocess  of  exhaustion  all 
night  long;  and  it  was  with  a  very 
shrivelled  and  stiffened  feeling  that  we 
commenced  our  brcakfastless  and  inde- 
finite walk.  We  made  one  more  f«K>li<h 
attempt  to  discover  the  visionary  path 
which  it  had  been  the  object  of  our 
wasted  afternoon  to  find ;  and  then  re- 
solved, as  wo  ought  to  have  done  tli'^ 
day  before  at  noon,  to  hold  straight  up 
the  river  bank  until  wo  should  come  to 
Errol.  So,  for  some  hours  we  did,  but 
our  progress  was  slow.  Empty  stomachs 
and  sleepless  nights  are  not  jrood  prepa- 
rations for  long  walks.  Besides,  Harry's 
ancles,  which  had  been  becoming  weak 
for  several  <lays,  under  the  unaccustomed 
labor  of  so  much  travel  over  such  rujr*red 
routes,  began  to  fail.  He  walked  •*veakly 
and  slowly;  stumbled  at  the  sli-jhtest 
obstacle ;  and  even  fell  fiat  down  with- 
out stumbling,  from  sheer  inability  to 
contract  the  mnscles  of  the  leg  and  foot. 
Struggling  along,  we  worked  our  difficult 
way  onwards  until  nearly  noon,  when 
suddenly  we  came  through  a  perplexing 
thicket  of  blackberry  briars,  out  upon 
the  steep  bank  of  a  lilthy,  muddy  creek, 
that  came  slowly  down  from  one  side  of 
the  river  valley,  through  a  wide,  flat, 
alder  awamp.  As  is  natural  {upd  ye,  as 
Prof.  H.  would  say  that  Homer  would 
say),  our  enterprise  had  diminished  with 
our  strength.    Neither  of  us  dared  wade 


this  Styx-like  stream.  Its  slow,  browo 
current  told  of  deep,  soft  mud  below; 
and  if  either  of  us,  boldly  venturing  for- 
ward, should  sink  therein,  it  was  pretty 
cvident  that,  unless  he  should  help  him- 
self out,  he  would  stay  there ;  for  small 
aid  could  come  from  such  "weary  wights 
forlorn."  Wo  looked  at  the  sticky  Styx 
in  despairing  mood.  Harry  sat  down 
upon  the  ground,  and  announced  that  he 
slumld  decidedly  not  attempt  crossing 
any  such  brook  as  that.  I  urged  him  to 
come  up  the  country  a  little  and  seek  a 
ford.  But,  upon  brief  consideration,  lie 
refused;  explaining  that,  in  fact,  he 
would  not  go  any  whither.  He  pro- 
posed, unless  washed  off  or  carried  away, 
to  die  uptm  the  si)ot ;  for  walk  further 
he  neither  would  nor  could.  "Sot  was 
he  unreasonable.  He  had  come  the  last 
half  mile  only  by  leaning  ui)on  my 
shoulder ;  and  even  if  his  spirit  had  been 
willing,  his  flesh  was  entirely  too  weak 
to  reinforce  it. 

But  now  what  was  to  be  done?  If 
Harry  was  weak,  I  was  not  strong. 
Neither  of  us  had  eaten  more  than  a 
mouthful  or  two  since  the  day  before  at 
noon.  Our  various  rambles  in  the  forest, 
if  laid  off  in  a  straight  lino,  could  not  hare 
measured  much  less  than  thirty  miles ; 
and  that  not  of  smooth  walking  over  a 
cleared  road,  but  of  crawling,  stooping, 
shoving,  scratching,  squeezing,  jumping, 
climbing,  and  many  another  manoeuvre 
unknown  to  the  machine-gymnast ;  for 
such  a  vile  tangle  of  a  forest,  full  of 
stumpy  atones,  briars,  hills,  bogs,  and  all 
imaginable  impediments,  I  am  sure  ne- 
ver was  penetrated  before.  This  thirty 
miles  of  agility,  therefore,  being  equal  to 
(say)  fifty  of  ordinary  walking,  had 
pretty  well  exhausted  us  both.  The  deep 
creek  flowed  stupidly  alon?,  not  more 
than  a  rod  wide,  but  as  impassable  to  na 
a^  if  it  had  been  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

At  last,  I  told  Harry  that  I  would  go 
forward  myself  without  him.  I  left  my 
knapsack  in  his  charge,  that  I  might  be 
the  lighter  for  jiushing  into  Errol.  I 
gave  him  matches  to  make  a  fire,  in  cvp 
evening  should  find  him  there.  I  tob) 
him  that  unless  I  died  in  the  woods 
(which  I  specified  that  I  could  not  think 
myself  to  have  been  allowed  to  grow  np 
to  my  present  ago  and  size — to  sny 
nothing  of  general  accomplishments — 
for  the  purpo?^o  of  doing)  1  would  reach 
Errol,  from  which  we  could  not  be  more 
tlian  six  or  eight  miles  distant,  that  even- 
ing, and  would  send  a  boat  back  for  hhn. 
lAStly,  to  make  his  discovery  the  i 


IBM.] 


Wocd-Ii^otu. 


210 


y 


hdumi 


\ 


I 


I^»tdiiJVjr  cHtrpd  him  U>  htajr  precisely 
wbm9  hm  wiu,  Uui  ttio  coming  aid  gZiouM 
flii  to  litiil  Itim.  Thti  ha  pCDmised  to 
4«^     Aod  ilNjn^ii  I    hi  111  fiiiting 

I  iijjf*n  tiw  •>:  JiL  tlH»  c'diiliu* 

ifiil  hi.  >    l4irTiH*r  bii^k   ttita  ihti 

•      '  '          '  tiir  u  niTle  or 

»  I,'*  wlii^^lj  CH- 

t*fT-.i  .  .HI  lii*'  NiiluT  side,  umi 

HiMt^   I  cxosftud;    Urn 
^    t'Liiig  ftf  hai'd  iw  » 

fiur,  V _:•,    hkuiy  it  waa  aU  tbo 

mi|  4aiirn.  Now  agiiiti  I  fanriud  that 
tUiUiih  Willi  Ed  lead  tm  Klrniju^hl  to  Er- 
1*1;  not  forthwith  it  ht%an  to  iwiat  and 
BM,  asf!  a:  ln<t  diverpt^d  tlvo  wnyi*  nt 
«Hiv  %»  I  rlt^Hi-rwtJ  it,  and  turu* 

M*tf^  ^ho  river. 

'  ■'  faint.     The  cold 

hk  >r\y  riKirniiig,   aud 

pow«*rlul    01  en   tVir    Jiiiiii,    t^all 

a*     "  -  *'     trees,  and  s^tHrifruniotl  tn 

hv  ^hadi^  lk!n*?titli.    N<*t  ft 

o;  Iffttic^  imt»ido  of  the  fiife^t^  tr.  did 
m^  rr^ih  Tu« .  My  Itnibft  bccnmo  nnstcn- 
A}  y  m  J  »tt»j>ptuL    T!i<j^ 

tmTww     iiip  lAfid  iiif!)   in   ijitfCni  and 
rxi ii ni  n g     at  h  w ar I    th (^ 
T.     Kvery  6tcjj  w.it  b*.** 
^rr)und  barbori'd  it2t 
N'ftt.    A  Ntump;  a 
-treo  to|};  a  d^nim 
I   iHtg^  with  a  Ulrtck 
Ilk  wtttijr,  ur  shiny 
I     with     waggling, 
Lh    oi"  wiry  grniMf ; 
-p  cnoQgh  to  caii*c 
r  at  Lhts  jar  uf  au 
',     !.r    ^iiJ4b.*(iJy    to 

upon  a 
-,  und  to 
Hi  ur  biB  gar* 
k  or  ft  »harp 
Lji-tiuk  tree,  with 
,  ihaiJowini^  down 
W  111*  groand  i  a  great  ucnt  of  i^raniits 
fmk^.  mkQt  Mitf**  raw  und  MhiirjA,  In  o.&mi 

"...     '  '  .   L  !1 1!,. 

•  in; 
-  "!•  '"> 

,..r 


ddy  bcforiv     OoBittlll  AltttMii^  th«  dry 

ftliriv'i.dling  wcarinetta  of  f\Md  aleep,  co- 
\mm  per»piraiiiHi  tVarn  vtoieot  exertion 
undvr   titill  liul  i^nubt«antt«,   and   in   tbv 
Bta^uaiit  Vii|>i'ry   mr  "f  the  b*w  tt^icfc 
growing;  woudlanfl,  had  firHt  (3JtbiiUi*tccl 
my    miiscicsi.      Tboy    forthwith     drtjw 
thn>iigh  th*?  bh'od,  n[Kin  tho  *t(nnjich; 
Bayin^%  m  it  wi^ro,  **  At  sight,  pay  to  the 
right  (or  loft,  fvi  the  ctim  nmy  he)  let?,  t>r 
bearer,  m  mtich  Kirciigih/*     But  i!ie  in- 
Hlilytlon  driivrn  ii|»on|  uot  baviiiyf  bt^c^ii 
put  in  t'liui]*  by  the  central  himsc\  rharg* 
ed  with  the  supervision  of  both  the  piir- 
tics  to  tlti^  trmi^ction,    had  to  im4wer 
**  no  dlVet^  *^'  and   tbw  proWfttation  of 
lldt  tlratt  natnrady   diistiirbed  c]£iiiing 
hu^ine.^  arraiiiicoients.     My  iit4JUJach,  in 
fiutt,    having*  heeome   despt^ratti   at  tba 
giooiny  [iro'^jHMJt^  and  the  dclrricncy  of 
a**eEH|  fretMiioil  to  have  '*ab**tiiJilidiitcd," 
leaving  a  va*t  and  aclttng  void,  and  ila- 
moroiia  cffditorw.     I   tiod  m     '       "    r- 
chief  tightly  ar-mnd  nw  wai-  ji 

mmw  m^iv^nrv  r; -^ ■  -- ■  r]  - ^ ^^ ;] r<- ......     . i . i >¥* 

ing  which  I  b.  ; 

euch  hill^  an  nlinoAt  fell  down  i\n'  de- 
scent iiU  the  other  aiJe.  To  i^unwiEi^ 
lititi^er  tiovr  wik^  snjH'ruddfd  inteiist* 
thirst.  Uf  dfinkg,  howevL^r,  I  bad  groat 
ehoiee— namely^  b*twi*en  tlK^  uonp  of 
dorjjyed  wotHl,  and  f^teterh*^  la^t  ytar'* 
leaves*  that  crept  ahmg  carh  little  rnviijt,% 
und  llw  warm  water  of  the  river,  tiadj 
ill  turn  I  ilrank  greed tl y ;  oatdi,  nn  ^oou 
%»  i^m'iihowiHl,  C4irno  back  by  the  way  it 
Imil  gone  di)w*n.  A  few  snch  eX|iefi' 
menttt  ijuHievd  to  t^ntisfv  taie  that  that 
drink  did  not  agree  with  tne,  ami  liko- 
winy  t^retty  well  to  cxhan^t  ihu  jimall 
renmant  ol  on  ^tr,.r.-^th.  1  »ntdown  oo 
roek,  log,  or  r  .  vtry  few  hUim; 

and  evt^ry  ^i.  ..  ,_iiie<l  §weetu?.  I 
hardly  eared  ttHuake  the  etfort  nei-e^tjiry 
to  get  ont  of  the  wood*,  if  J  had  swen 
boiLsrn  tuid  heltiem  Within  a  liLii^dred 
rod^.  1  began  to  grow  llgbt-lieadi  il  fnan 
the  com  bin  td  u  fleet*  uf  fatigui%  hunger, 
tbjrjit  and  hL-at^  J  liejruikMl  thi*  wptv  wtih 
grotvwjue  inonohi-i!  --, 

Btilly  laugh ter»  ^r  »  t 

pfo^e  or  pOL-tr>\,  jl.  tjji  y  v.  n  irr«*d 
ll*rim^b  iny  tniiul,  Why  wa^  L  1  imptir- 
cd  of  nn-H.'lf,  likti  the  *tiirUng  iu  Sf*iriie* 


IW'an^e,  I  rri>htd 
tMit."  Wiuit,  1  a»l;' 
drutn  from  iIm*  p 

rnntir  .".in'.  ir^.  [^  i' 

ine 

ar**  I 


tigjun^ 


'  1    ma't   get 

./riiui 


uo 


Waod*Ifotn. 


[Sept 


of  bathos  ftpd  of  inane  abefurdjty.  Then 
I  plt^a'ied  myself  with  &eloct  recifatioius 
from  Maeimlflv's  nmrtittl  lyricaof  "•  llora- 
tiua'*  and  "The  Battle  of  tlio  Lake 
B«giUns."  It  odciuTed  to  me  that  Mr* 
M*,  in  the  lbi*mer  **La),"  had  used  a 
»o nil! what  prufane  illostration^  not  here- 
tofore critick*>d,  in  tlie  following  linoa, 
describing  the  fuH  of  the  bridge  : 

*'  Ao4  Uku  »  tl— »» the  mlghly  irreck 
UhJ  right  Athwart  Uic  ilfeMm." 

Then  all  at  once  Hood's  ghastly  lines 
rt>se  np  in  mj  n\ind : 

■^Thf^LrJ&vi  were  blood j  mod  ^Im^  ffood  Lord  I 
Biit  the  bi^gganiia&t  wberc  wu  bet 
Tfaere  vm  tnkught  of  him  bui  BDit  rtbboitt  of  nigi 
ikiit;4tb  ihe  fsUowi  tree.** 

And  with  the  words  the  fearful  picture 
limned  itself  before  rue — the  low-browed 
villain  parched  upon  Iiim  horrid  tree, 
white  with  a  remorse  and  an  agony  of 
loncUnotiB  so  keen  o^  to  bite  even  ihrongh 
the  crust  of  long  j^ears  of  crime  and  vio- 
lence; the  pattering,  thronginf^  gallop, 
tlie  fieroo  hungry  eyes,  the  lean  and 
savage  forma,  tJbe  ei^er  fenarling  whine 
of  the  wild  docs  as  they  tore  along  upon 
thdr  9'C.etii  of  ntiinan  blood.  I  will  not 
fill  il:*>r  ©nonnee  the  diorama  of  horrom 
I  lint  passed  acroas  my  sight  as  I  tott-ered 
fuulistijy  about,  or  sat  resting  against  a 
rot;k  or  a  tree,  Btit  so  high  ran  ilie 
morbid  activity  of  iiij  imagination,  that 
even  the  low  ripple  of  the  rapid  river 
joat  by,  suggested  to  ine  the  coftiing  of 
the  death- hounds ;  and  scarcely  did  1  re- 
assure myiielf  by  watching  aa  delibe- 
rately aa  1  CO  old  tlie  utter  and  desolat^a 
fitillnees  tliat  brooded  in  the  li^tleitt  air, 
and  stpread  miles  and  miles  away,  unbro- 
ken by  s(mg  of  bird  or  cry  of  beast,  by 
any  B*:iund  save  the  rippli  ng  ri  ^er,  iny  own 
orackling  step^,  and  tny  m indies  words 
and  laugiiter.  It  was  long  pa^t  uoon,  1 
almost  resolved  to  lie  down  aod  wait^ 
rather  than  longer  to  endure  the  struggle 
of  cLlmbing  and  walking  fuj'tlier,  tmder 
the  over-mastering  and  accumulating  load 
of  faintn^s  and  fatigue.  As  I  worked 
stupidly  along,  just  on  the  edge  of  the 
river  bank^  1  looked  forward  and  saw, 
acrofM  the  wide  sweep  of  water,  in  a 
bend  of  the  river,  ufmti  whose  outer  side 
t  was  journeying,  a  sqviare  cleared  lot^ 
planted  down  antong  the  woods  on  a 
long  sloping  hillside.  Away  in  a  trice 
hurrk^d  the  uncomfortAhle  visions  tliat 
had  ii  a  Jin  ted  f  ne«  Clt^an  ngs  implied  axes, 
axes  merv^  mett  huu.*ieii,  hou^s  Jim Brugg'a 


tavern  \  and  ttsing  logio  as  an  antidote  tu 
real  and  imaginary  ills,  1  gath*.'red  up  th« 
tattered  remnant  of  my  resoloTiim  and 
my  strength,  and  put  my  best  fdot  furo* 
most  for  a  last  effort.  It  might  liave  beet) 
half-a-nule ;  and  another  half  mile  I 
think  1 00 old  not  have  gone.  Upon  i^mn- 
iDg  out  from  the  hot  deep  slmdow  uf  tlie 
woods  into  the  hotter  open  sm^HljiiH^  th« 
bright  beams  from  the  west  smote  me 
with  irresiiiiihle  force,  I  had  judt  time 
to  look  hurriedly  from  the  vauta^e^gFOuud 
of  tl»e  open  field,  to  the  north-w&*t,  up 
the  river.  1  barely  saw  the  highway, 
ttie  bridge,  booses  on  tha  other  side ;  and 
directing  my  failing  footstep  to  a  clump 
of  small  tree.s  I  fell  prone  beneath  their 
shadow,  among  briars,  charcoal,  turf;  and 
flirt,  laid  my  handkercliief  over  my  face 
to  keep  off  the  mosqnitoea,  straigh tenet! 
my  limbs  to  their  utmost  extent,  and  ' 
as  if  dead,  save  for  breathing,  tor 
ht>nr*  Then  I  rose,  crossed  the  fii 
climbed  into  the  highway,  crossed 
bridge,  entered  tiie  bar-room,  s*tmubli 
into  a  chair,  told  anybody — 1  saw  two  or 
tJii'ee  people,  but  distinguished  nothing 
aeoorately — to  give  me  >ome  bread  and 
milk,  and  then  to  send  a  boat  down  the 
river  after  Harry,  the  place  of  wJ^om 
scgourn  I  described.  Hy  appearance, 
which  must  have  been  ghastly  enotighj 
crt'ftted  quite  a  stir.  The  food  I  liaa 
asked  wa^  quickly  brought^  but  I  ooalc'» 
not  eat  a  single  mouth fuh  At  the  recom- 
mendation of  tlie  landlord  I  went  atraiglii 
to  bed,  and  succeeded  in  sleeping  411  hour 
or  two. 

In  the  course  of  the  evening  I  awcke; 
came  down  stairs  and  lingered  abonl  the 
door  in  delicious  rest,  delicious  moonlight; 
inquired  for  Harry,  Thero  was  as  yet 
no  newt.  In  a  little  while,  however^  the 
me!!senger  by  the  way  of  the  river  re- 
turned oJone.  He  bad  gone  down  tlie 
strt'am  to  ita  junction  with  tlie  muddy 
cr^k  I  had  found  embara  of  an  expiring 
Jiire,  and  my  knapsack  (which  he  brought 
with  liim),  liuug  on  a  stake  close  to  the 
watcr^s  edge;  and  nothia^  more.  He 
hail  followed  up  the  creek  a  mile  or  two^ 
and  found  tra^^ei  of  some  cme^a  fordittg 
it,  but  whether  these  were  mine  or  Hat- 
ry*p,  did  not  appear;  had  shout*jd»  ivith 
no  reply  bnt  the  taint  echo  of  the  wootls; 
and  in  defect  of  reasonable  expectation 
of  finding  ti}e  lost  man  in  the  ni^it,  and 
in  the  great  expanse  of  primeval  forast| 
had  returned. 

There  was  no  tise  in  furtlier  immediate 
eilort^.  Perhaps  Htw ry  might  reach  the 
tai<im  in  the  cour^  ol  the  nigbt,    Per* 


im.] 


Wood'N^u, 


2$  I 


te  m»n   t>f  tho   (ilaca  ftOf^wled— Had 

vwnld  return  tfi  Ern-1  nrit  day,  fram  tJie 

«e*  ri.    They  cHrl 

m*'  ^imger.     But 

Md  ^bttttlom:*  Itftunr^Ml  jtjQ  of  iny  friemif 
,  dircKigh  iuittiition  of  uiiead  arable 
la  •rtmo  l>ltK*k  hog  or  undfsr 
►  it— p  Mjgt;  woArin^i:  out  iliu  long 
it|lit  III  MQtij  fmm  a  bKiketi  Utrtb ;  or 
«tapiil  «M  ipoecblces^  atid  unnMe  t^i 
kip  lllOMilf  or  even  to  ftig oify  hist  pro- 
1 1o  bdlfiffi  dose  al  hand.  If  Atioh 
'  1  be  lh»  cjwe,  I  reasoned,  how  hope- 
Ik*  tijik  of  finding  hitn^  hidden 
by  bb  unhappy  &t^  in  tlio  far 
\  0f  th«  forest  t  A  n>ck,  a 
,  otl^t  b#  the  vt^il  wMrh  should 
biiii  from  the  &(i  ^  ilmott 

iiraoh;  whichtfr"  irhanpNl 

arij^  Ibr  ti)^  InnfHiUetraliUj  curl&fn  of 
Atid  how  cc^uld  I  return  homo 
f  tneh  n«w3  to  hia  fktlier  f 

re«'«riei  did  iiot  in^tid  iho 

and  fatigue  i»n«urcd  lh«ir  dls- 

I  Iwfi^re  tho  dcbpp  iikx^p  which  held 

"    nor  Tlfcoti,  however,  bnt 

ft'  ftud  h«tt43r  hoptt, 

im§^  iBi!  with  hirn  |>ad^]lti<l  down  th« 
Hfw,  earrying  food  Mid  drink.  Ahont 
Irif  a  mHa  abovi^  ihi?  point  wti<*r<s  I  hod 
lAfiirrft  ire  w)ere  LiuiIlh!  by  a  eixM?triil 
MSm  Mug  who  wftji  brojdihtg  dong 
duuuUB  lb*  wet  btuhen  on  tiin  nver  hank, 
s4  WM  tomiHi  ont  to  b<»  utir  nmth  But 
)  btft  trow9<^r^t     Hae)  tbt;  iuii»< 

I  bltti^a  thpm  oifl  Kq  ;  thev  were 
m  biv  lauipmok ;  he  tieid  bcittowod  them 
tte«  li>  ftav«  r«n{^  and  wad  prom^nad* 
iif  ill*  Ibrwt  In  hi»— aoat.  Thut  waa 
mm  imt  i|«attion,  and  thai  th«  aniwer, 
Umb  w«  «|M^ity  hd|M>d  him  aboard  the 
biilfloatlad  him  an  ugh  in  the  bow,  and 
^~^ — i*oi4  hifn  to  ianarj  n«w  aoqtiatnt- 

,  r^  ona  l«rg«  mam  of  bf«id  and 

'Mid  olieGM;  iimn^  ooa  flat  bottle 
if  gi»-«wl-water.  ITnto  thete  he  ''did 
mam  evfo^tly  In^Iinr  •/*  and  alTardtid  tia, 
iSjMr  boioeward  w»v,  a  d**ligbtful  tr>ee- 
^  ^  J  liolb  a*  a  iiHidniea  of  the  oanoiM 
to  wh!^h  "rouj^hini^  !t  m  tho 

•  lUr  t^^  '■   a 

iimfrf  mati  c:iij"  'n- 

ig 
wiere  mtrvK  watery  "suiMUon* 
«tfeoati«QUy'*«-«9|i1»lti|i  wet  and  eppra- 
ytfopi  r'  '-—  -^  -^^ «  H*!-i^^  bor- 
aer<idf  n  ^f  t'luLi- 

iMf*  aC  broa^eMlu    One  inMiiaii  of  the 


biforctted  garment  wai  split  dear  from 
waist  to  ancle,  and  th^  oxhor  nearly  m 
far.  No  portion  of  a  uperficles  two  i nehea 
square  kjoked  Eta  bole.  Ilia  coat  wae 
scarred  by  a  gliaatly  wound  wUkh  reached 
almost  aronnd  hui  waist,  as  if  a  tinkle 
hail  been  set  dose  to  him  and  \iolently 
jerked.  Uk  knaEisaL^k  was  wet  tbrouKh, 
aod  hung,  llabby  and  gquasbin^  at  hU 
haek.  His  face  was  bitrnt  as  red  as  fire, 
and  furtlier  inflamed,  and  tidrly  rough- 
ened,  by  the  bites  of  laaeotH. 

When  "  the  sacred  ra^  of  hunjjer''  wa« 
appeased,  he  told  hii  dolefnl  tale.  He 
had  walled  after  my  departure^  nutil  he 
benauM  tii«d  of  wa&tiag,  and  thea,  ap- 
plying lO  Ibt  eirenn^^tancea  of  the  ea^ 
iOme  ftBadOQs  criterion  which  be  imhl- 
ed  upon  calling  ^'  tho  doctrine  of 
ahaooee^'-Kif  ntifchanee^  I  miggeeted— 
he  came  lo  tbe  oemfortable  oonclusioo 
that  I  bad  broken  my  left  leg,  and  was, 
in  all  human  probability,  bawling  or 
groaning,  in  ei>rne  locality  not  well  defin- 
ed, but  l^C  any  rate  »afely  out  of  ^r^hot 
of  everybody.  Therefore,  he  ratioeinatcd, 
I  won  Id  not  reach  Errol,  Tberefure  no 
boat  would  oome  for  him  ;  and  if  he  g^n 
there  at  all,  be  cancinded,  he  must  do  it 
by  tho  hoip  of  the  articled  in  hi^  boota, 
although  th^j  might,  m  the  poet  lingi. 


Md  9i%lL  «k4  iMbk  N.** 

So  ho  undertook  to  aed ranee;  and  found 
that  he  had  bett«<r  stayed  (aee  proverb) 
0Afe  In  hla  fVying-|mn,  For  a  damp  wan 
thrown  ov&r  his  ejc[>eotationi  b^  meana 
of  an  unlueky  »tamb]e  in  fording  that 
vile  creek ;  in  whojio  mnddy  and  Ill- 
omened  stream  he  wet  hittudf  from  hoad 
to  foor^  and  conireried  hla  knapaaek  into 
a  leat^iem  big-pnddlng*  He  wet  biii 
inatcbea,  too.  So,  when  after  a  little  he 
found  that  he  must  po»ii timely  camp  out 
that  night,  it  djio  appeared  titat  he  cotild 
kindle  no  firt.%  and  tiiat  it  would  be  ne^ 
eeeaary  to  beoome  the  unredAting  viHltn 
of  the  three  bidwnu  tribee  who  mam 
throaghoat  the  Northern  wo^hI^ — tliat 
abomiDi^le  trinity  of  pUj^ea,  niu»]ui  coee, 
gnati  md  e&nd-flieai  lie  theret<ir»  <k>rn- 
piled  a  great  hmp  of  brnsbwood,  rrawi- 
ed  into  the  midp^t  r>f  it,  covered  hia  face 
witli  hw  I  •  i^'f,  and  lay  down,  in 

the  fallai '  ibat  he  inigta  Htide 

the  blood  ..     Why  ihooJd 

thev  espt-  !  uff  to  eat  in  the 

,.    f  n        .  .    ^   -:hr»t      Btit 

id,  and  by 

111 lu^  >  ^^  pbizma- 

hogany**  f   the  fuC 


sst 


Wood-NoUt. 


[Sept 


moon  in  a  fof ,  H©  rose  earlji  and  was 
maDftiUy  pushing  on  for  Eirol  when  we 
met  him. 

We  enjoyed  a  pleiwaat  rest  of  two  or 
three  days,  pirpamtory  to  a  grand  troot- 
iug  expedition  up  the  Magiillowaj  liiver. 


I  shall  not  delaj  tti  relate  eircum^tan- 
tUlly  oar  days  of  tly-fi^hhig  anioog  the 
fipeelded  salmon  trout — Ijow^  ive  made 
flies  as  large  A3  hnmming-blrds,  of  wors- 
ted and  all  sorts  of  fuuny  ingredients ; 
how  the  lavage  fi«h  would  leap  their 
full  length  out  of  the  watwr  after  %h.% 
bare-faeed  htimhng  **with  a  hook  to 
itt"  how  we  **  camped  out,^'  living  on 
"  frlzxled  pork"  {which  is  not  pork  carl- 
oi!  with  ciu-ling-tong^,  but  impaled  on  a 
aharp  stick  and  toasted  over  the  fire)  and 
bread,  eaten  oflT  extemporaneons  birch* 
hark  plates,  with  one-pronged  stick  forka ; 
how  we  always  kindled  our  fire  with  the 
crockery  of  our  last  meal ;  bow  I  mdoc- 
trinated  our  worthy  guide  in  the  art  and 
mystery  of  preparing  fried  bread,  the  re- 
dpe  for  which,  by  the  way,  I  %vill  seod 
to  any  part  of  the  Union,  upon  the  re- 
ceipt of  One  Dollar  poH  pam^  and  wliich 
ii  a  delicacy  "  as  is  ekalled  by  few  and 
excelled  by  none ;"  and  many  other  such 
acta  then  and  there  did.  Let  it  Buffice 
tliat  we  bagged,  one  afternoon j  ^tighty 
ponnils  of  LTont  in  about  two  hours- — I  lie 
larger  ones  being  about  the  size  of  ehad ; 
and  that  from  our  two  days'  aport,  we 
fialted  down,  to  bring  home,  about  one 
Jmndred  and  fifty  pounds  of  the  same* 
They  never  came  home,  however,  I 
ooald  put  my  finger  on  the  very  reach 
of  tlie  Oonneeticut  River,  in  tlie'Fifteen 
Mile  Falls,  above  Bamet,  Vt,,  where 
those  ikh — AofTjMC®  (and  ffrumbUi£o) 
referens-^y^ctii  out  through  the  bottom 
of  a  staved  firkin^  and  paved  the  stony 
bod  of  the  river.  A  capsize  did  the  bu- 
eiiiess,  as  I  was  running  the  Falls,  on  the 
Fourth  of  July ;  the  fish  taking  that  np- 
portunity  to  secure  their  vnde[tendeDce. 
I  suppose  that  I  ought  to  bo  thankful 
t!mt  I  did  not  stay  along  with  iny  trout ; 
for  1  wa^  shot  suddenly  into  eiglit  feet  of 
tt>am  ao'!  water  at  the  foot,  nf  a  sh^rt 
pitch  iu  the  river,  in  intimate  eoinhi na- 
tion with  an  aie.  a  frying  pan^  a  junk  of 
sat  I  purk,  a  bread-bag  and  a  ktiapsack; 
and  waa  ftuihtriiicoiimKKled  l>y  tlie  boat, 
'which  took  so  f-ltarp  a  slew  in  tlic  ewift 
^Itcb  of  the  f&U,  gettiug  a  friendly  hoist, 


also^  from  a  rock  which  poked  up  It 
ugly  hard  black  noae  just  in  (be  wroti| 
phiccHj  tliai  &lie  was  tustantaneously  orei 
get  and  driven  under,  coming  down 
top  of  rue,  lite  a  ehcll  im  a  tortoise.  Bo 
I  crawled  nvit — indeedi  if  I  ba^in't  don« 
so  1  could  not  j^ay  m.  But  all  thi*  !i 
partly  what  1  said  f  would  not  saj^  and 

rartly  what  J  did  not  say  I  wimld  8ay»j 
resume— in  the  pi>htical  pense,  I  met 
as  territory  is  re-annexed  to  the  Unit^ 
States,  which  they  never  owned ;  striclJ| 
I  should  have  to  say  I  mme — my  nar 
tive. 

We  had  returned  from  onr  fiahing  trip 
and  were  resting  at  the  tavern,  r6»din| 
bathetic  flash  novels  and  dozing  alwn 
the  neigh borhotjd,  when  suddenly   tbf 
little  liiff,  in  which  I  bad  helped  bnn§ 
Harry  up  the  river,  sugge^te^i  to  ni#  4I 
delightful  idea.    She  was  a  ten-foot^  flat^l 
bottomed,  narrow  little  duck  of  a  cral^J 
sided  abont  eight  inches  high  and  five 
eighths  of  an  inch  thick,  and  nearly  as] 
light  as  a  canoe,  built  for  paddling,  andil 
just  large  enough  for  "  one  tn*ide/'    In^i 
deed,  I  hauled  her  ash  ore  with  one  hand,  J 
turned  her  over,  litled  her  upon  my  bactJ 
and  carried  her  easily,  as  the  Britons  di4i 
their  coracles.    It  was  evidently  so  ex«| 
pediekit  as  to  be  substantially  a  nece^s^ityj I 
that  I  shouid  itow  bcr  with  pro^ii^onfli 
and  tackle,  and  go  off  alone  to  waKderJ 
about  Umbftgog  for  a  few  days*    So 
it  was  the  middle  of  the  afternoon 
I  made  ready,  and   with  a  eautionftrf  J 
$paro     paddle,    departed.      Mr.    Bragg 
warned  me,  how*ever,  by  no  means  ti>'j 
cross  Umbagog  that  evening,  as  there  hadi 
been  a  high  wind  all  day,  and  my  pre- J 
sumed  inei:pcrience  in  the  n?e  of  th#J 
paddle  certified  him  that  I  should  be  J 
fiwamped  in  the  open  kke.     JJa  tfjefo-i 
fore  advised  me  to  camp  that  night  in  J 
the  n^eadowi^  tliis  aide  the  lake,  and  to| 
defer    my   Incu^^trine    navigation    until 
morning.     In   this  injurious  undereiti- 
male  of  my  boalmanship  I  acquiesced 
for  the  lime,  leat  the  use  of  the  boat^ 
fiiifiuld  be  fiatly  refused  me ;  and  made 
diligent  inquiry  after  that  precise  spot  ml 
ihii  aforO!3uid  raeadow^  moat  soitable  for  J 
a  hedrooTu,     But  in  the  dr  :  -       -  s  of  f 
my  own  ^oul,  *'  ix/ft'  /»A•^  I   re-  <, 

stdved  not  to  sleep  that  Ttif.-.-  v ...  ^  j-:  be-j 
neath  the  gloomy  curtains  of  tho  ancient  ^ 
fore  at  on  the  further  side  of  the  lake  ift  ' 
thc^  great  state  of  ilaine.      I  had  not 
dared  sii  many  danger*  njxjn  th^^  snTt 
water  (videlicet  Long  laiand  ^■ 
New  York  harbor)  and  upon 
(videlicet    Winnipiseogee,    Oouii4^:Uciit 


lftM.J 


Weod-Noia, 


^9 


r,  mA  UkeEri**)  to  be  i]iiiiii^>]f 

^oem^  tempest  af»  In  tho  lni<5kwa<j<If. 

I  Uwoebetl  my  little  html  in  ibi^  mJ'!i!le 

f  dt«  g»>ltIon   iiftorQiKHT^  aii^l   pa<l<ll*.Hl 

up  tho  rivet,     Tlio  strtirig  wind 

I  aver  the  forcs^ts  bt>lh  ^idos  of  itie, 

I  laafWfl  &crcK*»  tltc  filreani  hi^^^h  over 
bdt  I  be  lofty  wftlla  of  tr<*oa 

tiQt  It  off  -  - ;  ^  ry  pntb,  mid  tbo 

u  uttpr  sjUlhivrin, 
Fl4dUi  ;  ■  U  iiiLtdo  of  pivK 

V  of  indirGPtion  and 
iWut  tbe  oar^iiiair?* 
iv»i>f  By*l•Elll*4*(:foat' 
Aatcrmati  of  doubifid 
who  kiokvd  ono  way  and  rowed 
But  jmd<llitig — would   tbat  it 

I I  Bimeof  nobler  soimd^a  tin  honest 
iit'furwarcl    bnsincsf.      You   (pro- 

jtiu   paddle)  s<w  wliere  you  are 
,  ftTif]  wlmt  in  b<>tbro  yon.     Von  do 
obly  Imtk  hnck  und  pore  Upon  the 
nt    ripple*  atid   bubbles   llmt 
jar-''        ■   Kriiir  traok.     Tbo  mi- 
%>  !iea   before  you  and 

an^  fi,t....-  .. ;  ward  in  mtnd  to  the 
[  tKal  njtnaius  to  he  doiits  not  back- 
Vi  t:l'»nry  ouir  tbftt  alroridy  per- 
r  i  lidi  cate  ac<7ompl  lab  men  t, 
i    a  grn<*efuL     Any   two- 
hjQU  oari  pull  at  the  tmlincefl 
A  baboon  TiriH  nil  that  It  nec^asary, 
mriM  r,     But  tb<?  deU<!«t© 

iiif  tlii'  !  uK  tbe  light  toneli 

k  it  Watt  '  r,  to  cx»iinteract  tbe 

Eiaal  ft"om  tbe  repented 

I  0«4  4i]n;    tbe*e  demand 

p4  I  quick  eyt?,  and   nn 

f^t  .iM.Mi^nl  artiHitb'iuly  lini^bt*d 
With  »  «baik%  thert'fore,  of 
I  <?onfcM  tliat  1  can 
in  oonllrmati^in  honaof  I  wilt 
hatM A  »lti'xlf  f?u''f.  riiu:n1v:  rlnit  nf^otriny 
r«f«r  ij,  it 

i^ptft  iijirp- 

■■Bit  tu*u  lit  tl iiiL  V  111 \ui)\  \tn\\iHg  fft/i a 
fMf  10  till  oarf,  anil  manned  by  two 
or  tibrve  mi^n,  htid  dared  to  venture  out, 
dtsit^   tlio    prevalenr**   of  tUo    pile   in 

"'Sward 

■■■■'lif  ri 

.,,.:.,,.,   vvido 

ii  crm»-  ''h  wait   niuin 

rll»0<l  '1m^  rivr-r    11 1.- 

biur 
»l&0aar 

%i«if  [mytMid,  vv  Liciiitid 

Bpje,  Bn4  tiiii  air  wilb  ap- 


dow  e<lgo  wiif  pbseqakia^ly  bowing  in 
long  ranks  b<?foVe  tho  irregular  g^asts  of 
tbe  strotig  noi-ih wester,  I  could  not  re- 
el nt  a  fane.v  tb&ttb*?  HlliKjbi>i^ani'*'*fif  the 
ffrasa  were  to  cstyjrt  tno  onwai-tb ;  [)*> 
itely  wnvinj*  nn>  out  to  the  dark  rough 
water,  aa  if  to  say  **  walk  in,  if  tou 
please;  yon  are  entirely  at  liberty,  bnt 
«ee  what  yoti'll  get.'*  On  the  extreme 
verjjo  of  tb(?  Hvcr  bank  I  ban  led  tip  my 
fikiiW  ftod  Kti'ppitig  a.'sbore,  stood  up  u 
iJKvtnent  to  see — whiidi  way  to  p\  Urn- 
b^i^cig  by  bet nrts  me,  strcl<4nng  out  of 
hi^bt  to  Udrth  itnd  soutb,  framed  in  deep 
forc*ita  except  where  close  to  roe  t!ie  widb 
level  of  iilluvlftl  meadow  opened  hack 
from  the  water*  There  wi?re  onlyw*ind* 
i^wt>[it  »?dgL\  t^isjsjng  waves*  and  dreary 
woods.  No  sign  of  lile^  neitber  ^moke 
nor  clearing,  wa*  visible.  A  dark  sba- 
dow,  aa  if  even  sunlight  grudged  to 
batint  ao  landy  a  place,  f^eemed  to  bave 
B4?ttled  down  over  tbe  lake,  and  intleed 
wa*f  rcMiUy  (Stealing  down  upon  it  from 
oi'cr  tbe  tree-top«  on  tl^e  we?? tern  »ide ;  ^ 
I  etjuld  indietinetly  discern,  opposite  me, 
the  deep  bay  at  the  head  of  which  I  had 
been  t<:dd  that  there  was  good  tiflUing. 
Thither  I  at  once  deter mifled  to  jro,  and 
there  or  the reabon t*i  to  §1  eep .  1  n  d espite* 
therefbre,  of  the  high  wind  and  the  a*l- 
monition-%  of  my  landlonl,  I  eml>arke<l 
once  raore,  stowing  uiy  little  cargo  well 
forwanl,  m  a*  to  trim  tho  boat  as  ovenly 
ns  pos5tible.  At  *ij-»t  I  jmeered  a  little  at 
Mr.  Bra^'K's  apprehend  ions.  But.  When 
I  cattje  fairly  out  upon  the  lake,  I  saw 
that  he  was  not  m  far  wrong;  and  that 
1  Bi!jcmld  bttvc  a  good  pull  fi>f  jt^  if  T  got 
acr*'iK!j  at  alb  Wave^  am  more  precipi- 
tous— abort er,  m  the  pbroHe  in,— in  shal- 
low, than  in  deep  water.  lTmbaif*>g  h 
qaite  shallow ;  and  tbe  tibort  jerking  JK^aa 
were  faof'd  a^  |W5rp*?ndi**ularly  a*  a  wall, 
betide*  fifing  ereitied  with  cuVly  "  w!ntc- 
cap*,**  signifying  that  they  were  quite 
ready  ti^  lump  aboard  of  any  tiling  aceea- 
«ib!e.  The  livt^y  ekilT  siurgod  up  aM 
down  like  a  rearing  borne  ;  her  quarter 
giinwrtk*  at  ^very  plmi^  eoMiing  down 


w  1  '  '               '    .  ■   ■ 
ill 

T,  and  m.Tny 
ntt  fSa\Unm  at 

a  Li  ijh".       r. V  ru  u    i  rini  i 

'    i^rt-at,  it 

wo<j]t!   bavi!  bt!wn  ljt*|^ 

■i^\  wca- 

t( 

j  Kir,  toat- 
HHiilet.     If  I 

pii:..  : 
to  be  h 

bind  ■   : 

m. 

At..!  r;..:^ 

iwtiy  in  my 

p. '-..»-.',   tJN 

■  ap«  jumped 

Lt|$b«r  and  ^Udi<  ibaa  erer,  in  j^^y  at 


264 


Wood-Noi€M. 


[Sept- 


luiving  secured  a  pre^.    I  looked  bdiind 

me  to  thesettmg  sun^  and  wiis  so  ^UrUed 
At  the  wild  sceoe  that  I  tniased  a  (Strtjke, 
and  Dearly  fell  ov^rboam*  1  Imd  not 
realized  tbe  height  of  llie  waves  wbUe 
locking  ai  them  from  behind.  But  they 
quite  hid  the  low  shore  I  had  left  eioept 
m  I  rode  upon  their  EUmmits.  The  Uy^I 
rays  of  the  son  ehoDe  through  the  red 
\f  ater  and  gave  a  lurid  glare  to  every 
billow.  All  the  lake  wa*  a  rolling  tumb- 
ling niii^  of  dark  waves^  flecked  and  cres- 
ted foflio^  and  tiufed  with  the  dark  red 
^i»ma  from  the  w€«t*  Over  and  over^ 
waKowing  l3ea<iIoug  in  their  hastei  they 
came,  innuraerable  racing  mouBters,  roar- 
ing»  foaming^  guashing  white  teeth,  the 
vengeful  mc^eogera  of  ttie  oflended  lake- 
God,  commi^ioned  to  whelm  me  in  their 
maddy  depths ;  to  vindicate  the  aacred 
solitude  I  had  dared  infringe. 

I  trusted  my  parage  to  the  winda, 
theretbre;  and  with  wary  eye  and  ready 
handf  addroaied  myself  to  avoid  the  in- 
'  oeasant  aasanlts  of  the  dancing  foes  upon 
whose  bai^ks  I  rode.  As  each  sea  sprung 
forward  at  me,  a  quick  stroke  lifted  or 
turned  the  light  boit,  and  passed  the  h(i{*> 
tile  wave  beneath  me,  to  roll  off  to  lee- 
ward and  knock  his  disappointed  head  to 
pieces^  if  he  chose^  again i^t  the  iron-bound 
eastern  shore.  I  drifted  thiw^  through 
Au  bourns  exhausting  labor ;  until  I  wm 
blown  witliiQ  forty  rodjs  of  the  eastern 
ahora,  and  partly  nnder  the  lee  of  one  of 
the  rocky  headlands  which  define  the 
ba  y  I  was  seeking.  T  ho  win  d  we  n  t  down 
with  the  squi  die  wavei  rapidly  fell; 
and  in  the  dim  interspace  between  sun- 
light and  night  I  reached  Uje  extreme 
end  of  the  bay.  Here  1  drew  up  the 
tkiiW  caught  a  trout  or  two  froui  under 
the  lily  padi?,  and  prepared  for  snpper 
and  rest.  After  a  few  motnents*  search 
1  discovered  a  de%htfol  little  tabernacle 
just  vvitiiio  the  murjnti  of  the  woods, 
bidden  and  eurtatued  in  by  tJie  dri->oping 
brjinehcB  of  tliree  great  lre»*a*  Here  I 
speedily  huJIt  a  fire ;  cooked  my  trout 
(with  pork  accompaniment^  u|>on  the 
aie\v-pan)»  at©  ihern;  atid  I  greased  my 
^ce  and  hand'if  mctindum  arUmj  willi 
aloe  warm  pork-litt* 

**UrU!  you  fiUby  fellow  I"  mmarks 
some  very  c Wanly  body. 

I  will  not  snbinit  to  s^uch  an  impiita- 
tion.  As  the  naughty  boy  said  when  hia 
fti titer  wtis  going  to  whip  him,  **  let's 
al.op  a  mUiAHe  and  argy*'* 

Filth  then  and  ckanlinc^s^  r."  -^^-'--^e 
ttfriiis;  (iqjt*vront,  for  their  :< 

tniirely  u^iun  collateral  ora^.^ .  lvl.ihm  ...i- 


cuMBtances  [  having  nothing  absolnto  io 
tfiemselv&B.     Whale  oil  soap  is  as  abster- 
sive for  what  I  know  as  the  moat  itnmt- 
eulato  old  brown  Windsor.    But  a  plc^n* 
tiful  appli cation   of  the  former  wouldj 
hardly  lit  the  person  so  cleansed  for  wait 
ing  in  the  *'  first!  circles."    The  diflereno 
y  in  the  smelh    But  suppo^  you  Yikvtii 
the  odor  of  the  fishy  compound,  an*l| 
disliked  that  of  the  vegetable.     Then  thoj 
brown  Windsor  w^ould  be  filthy,     A  ju* 
dicioos  application  of  M,  Slique  de  Grid%| 
celebrated  flaarrub,  or  Touique  Arahie 
ne,  leaver  your  chetdure  in  a  delight 
condition,  so  Braooth  and  sofr,  e:£halb| 
inappreciable  delicate  tropical  odors 
if  the  Queen  of  Sheba  had  dined  nport 
B^lm$  and  then  breathed  .upon  jou.   Bat  J 
asmartBcrub  with  a  tallow  candle  wouI<l| 
do  it  (aod  he  it  too)  all  bnt  tlje  prefe- 
rence, and  the  wick*  TI>e  difference,  I  say^  I 
1:1  in  the  smell.     Prefer  the  tallow  un-l 
adorned,  and  the  perfumed  Touique  lin 
otily  fit  to  lubrieiite  cart  wheels.    It  is  Ji ! 
mere  difference  of  opinion  then,  bctweeai 
yon  and    me.    As  Virgil  would    myA 
filthy  quia  filthy  vldetur.    Filthy  or  notj 
filtliy,  juit  &%  you  think,    Agaiti,  this  lal 
a  question  of  n  kirn  ate  r^ultfi,     I  will  J 
nse  pork-fat,     Y*mi  may  try,  if  yon  Hkei,  f 
Lily  White  or  Oythercan  Cream ;   arni  1 
we  will  compare  complexions  ten  yeaiii  | 
from  this  date^  vi^:  2  at  noon  of  Jun^  j 
37th,  A.  D.,  1804,  if  you  dare.    \Re*pk^i 
finmn^  my  good  mademoiselle.    Begordf 
reifdt^* 

Beaidea,  *^  filthy  or  not  filthy^^  is  a  qnes* , 
tioa  alio  of  purf^ose.    Were  you  mlhf  j 
when  you  webfooted  your  slender  fingert  i 
with  "that  shmy  sticky  brown  inatortal  ] 
the  otlier  ^b.y%    Ko:  because  it  baked 
i  n to  some  re  m  ar kab!  e  cak  e«    Was  I  fil  thy 
because  I    wore  ragged  ganitents  and 
rojty  boots  in  the  woods?  because  t  did 
not  enter  the  gnarled  forests  all  in  pitn-  { 
lico  trig  with  brf^odeloth  and  bbicktng, 
opera- tie  and  shirt-ruffles  and  a  lorfnslt§  \ 
to  look  at  the  bear^  with!    No;  neither 
was  I  filthy  beciiise  greas^y ;  though  my 
face  shone  like  a  Hottentot's  after  dinner. 
If  yon  would  have  waitetl  a  moinj?ut  be- 
fore groaning  at  me  in  that  horrid  way,  ^ 
1  w^ould  have  made  it  all  clcur.     Why, ' 
tbt^refore,  did  I  grease  my  face  ?    That 
question  answerc^d,  Urn  **Whr*  will  b^ 
answered  ♦ 

Tlicro  are  In  the  nortliem  woikIj*  lhte>e 


i»n  !um  >i 
.>i^Jlt*0f  blow^, 


LI 


Wmi'N^m. 


Wl 


I  MilMi  hi^  eftn  IdU  If  be  can  eatdi  them, 
^  flit  jpiAtft  mrc  w  ^niall  tkit  Uiejr  n^fi 
^  ittredjr  be  teeiv  ^nd  tbetvfore  tntt  ^asilj 

[•B  Aidklj  timl  (Stchta^  or  L  n 

I  b  A  liiitiA«i»  uii4«rmkiag.     H;  ] 

^  |h9  tiai- wmrrion,    Tno  guau  iinixMni 

^  >^B|N>ii  it,    lest  tie  J  sti*^k  fast. ;  ih* 

1  cUi  not,  bvcauia  of  ati  irmjitu 

li|it£lif,   nor   Ih^  tiiu>fquitcH.'!i,   exm^i^t 

[lakt  tUc  hour,  without,  renoiv 

'■'\U\   whcti    tJiu    Handtliei 

k1  '  si>  iLkik  lluit  I  i^uUI 

,  w  i  tliou  I  catcb  i  og  two 

tlirMt,  iAsxd  Uicy  tkw,  in  Ibelr  haste, 

^iatD  mj  iKo^trtU  iLtitl  ^ym,    And  tlie  in- 

Isj  of  tiijr  tuLli^u^iioQ  can  only  ba 

1  bf  Uio*o  why  have  Oan©  ibe 

,  Of  luiw  baard  tVom  within  the  ann^ 

^«iip-b4M-  tb«!  migrr  war-*(ing  i>f  tht* 

■f«0    mltDtu^   ill    vuin    cnck-AVfiHn;; 

a  tii^  widU    Tbti  bumnir  of  ini- 

mftlignitj  y  ihti  mo^t  dvUcbua 

Tb«  fCTMoIi^g  having;  been  [h>rforn)i?il 

IJw&ffH,  tfn-  tirxr  thine:  wii'^  ti»  timke 

-iig  tlcnvn  ft 

-  twin's  and 

it  of    thetU   UlMlH 

Dt  wiT  T-  »,     Mv  ftpranRe' 

wu  iiij  tnlido»?ly,    as  the 

I  %\  i  0.1  tij  hririir  Ibe  tird 

I  ^^  DtJ  mu*-^  I U*  It  (id  t*f  [r  \  wht'f^ 

^lilMl4  liiftr#  b«(*o.  ^V>  mf^i\^ 

I IL  9BA  fn*  ^-  —  ^   ■  *  ■ "'  '    N « t? w w*d, 

FIW 7 i^ ' '  u r i oUii  «IllB- 

hlSflVljr  Uid  ,......,,..     ,    -.   of  the  hoft 

It  twl^  n4>t  tt)  ini^nt)i»u  thii  wf^iri- 

nf  a  hiird  jifl«rni*on^s  Wnrk,  <iiiickly 

p«t  Hut  hi  tht)  rour^?  iii  Iho 

^  nip!  viiki}(j<*d  bv  a  Ht^Hvitloi)  of 

boat.     No  Witmicrj   for 

I  m  I*hI  f>n  a  *hNjp  Rtrattim  of 

I  fH^^   vvgi&UibU  iiiJitt«*r^  bak^d  by  two 

w  Uirv^  w«i»«li*  i»f  i\r*\\ush\,  at«  away  ilM 

■vn  inro  the 

vvtmX  wttv* 


<  ft  niMt  of 

:  t  «)iitil«IMtlO«t 
%4  '  ^t'«d    me.     t   iirc»»*  in 

i^  vrd  mv  rrnrh   i  fiMjt 


Tb«  flrsl  iigp  bad  tftken  o€  the  #dfe  of 
cnj  ftppttite  for  r^i^t^  and  ns  buppetia  in 
caMS  of  tuddeiUy  interrupted  slci^p,  ibe 
reai&inder  of  it  was^  unntc^idy  and  oh^k  J 
ered  wiib  vagiiely  cumhined  and  flicker-  ^ 
inz  psctnroa,  gjuboreii   from    memories 
1.      '»tf  from  tb<*  ^vifnU<^f  Ui«  few  divys 
i  ^  :  |^iis£(Hl  and  p&iiijii^^  and  from  nit  \'\\t 
^    ■  hijU!4es  of  tact*  and  thought  w hi t^b 
LX-nL  in  the  mind,  often  unknown  and 
wtwaji  ii^ccea«ible  to  Ibeir  posst»«or^  in 
ordtnury   bealUxy    Btated,      Involuntary 
tnentai  action,  under  tlio  irre^tjlir  i^liniu- 
Ins  n{  id  health  or  abnormal   piiy^^ical 
cniiditiou,  i»omc*tlrnet  lliisbiiij  a  inmsi^nl  i 
gleam  upon  l\\*^  hid  ti-Lm^^ure^i  in  tlk'^t 
dark  reco#9cs^  give^  a  ijutck  glimpse  of  \ 
ibem  by  indirection^  by  surprise*  at  nn- 
expHSleil  si*ttsons;  <o  that  w«    do    noli 
con»it;icm*ly  know  that  w«  Imre  mmxmvL 
of  ^wdti  knowledge  in  us,  bat  only  that 
WM  hnve  had  it. 

I  dfeaifit^d.     Bat  before  I  adl  what  1 
d  rearmed*  ]«.a  luo  niatu  ono  nioro  ^wcu- 
linriry  ftf  the  drc;i  in -action.     This  \\  dia*  1 
in  rtjt'ombhuuij  the  fatitastie  coU*r*  of  iti  1 
poriraitureij  it  works,  at  its  option,  out-  ( 
iiide  of  the  category  of  time.    That  if 
(for  imtanrc),  any  action  wlvirh  tcrmi-  j 
rmlen  the  drL^am,  by  bt^cotnin^  one  of  % 
t,t*i  sf-^   f»f  conditions   so   excitin;*  ajs  to  J 
1 '  ' ',  and  whit^h,  upon  wiikiug  and  < 

L  ■■>\\y  appears  to  bav«  be«?u  in-  \ 

^tjoit^mi^LiuSf  and  actually  the  V\-ry  laiit  i 
of  thd  conditiorui  abo^'e*mcritione«L  a«i  a  I 
louil  cry  or  a  ruflo  if  rasp,  jirttbaliW  tn*cu*  f 
|>iwl  in  its  drt'iim-rolaiiorm  a  \  i-ry  ditf*^ 
n?nt   place.     Fer!iapii   th<s  driMm-powur 
locattMl  tt  afar  olf  in  the  eonciUcnation  1 
of  vii^ion'^:  f*.  r  ^^.n*  traujifgruiiHl  it,  tVoin 
a  ftngle  tl  j  i»ii  m  foand,  into  an 

cjctendtHl  ^  n  or  bodj  of  o)>era- 1 

tlofi**"^!  jpmind  upon  whii'h  thy  otlter ; 
ishifprif  igUfts  of  the  uuecTiaiu  e»boW  i 
inter woTe  their  dim  and  iranivaory  evii- 1 
lution^;  ))crhap«  it  ert^n  dn.ihi)d  irtf  the] 
outliui?i*  of  an  cnTiru  great  picture,  Imrn  J 
the  (an^fle  hint  atfonl***!  hy  fh«  nw/iken* 
itig  cir«)uni«tan(>e  ;    t  ;    the  I 

tijotnory  nlcmg  mnu  <  qxt*  j 

'    t[iucc«d  bLd   c>ouiiOLruMt    a^   wiztirds^] 

in  my  dream  in  ih  ■  " -:   '     *^-  -  -  ,r 
or  third   of  tLtst? 


tnur^lt  i«t  u ;   Ti  '    wtmdertul  in  < 

ItMtIf  but  A!)  ari  "Uof  thtf  prm* 

r|pk*»i  I  haviv  *ttaUrd, 

In  »*>[no  dij»Ltint  tntarttallET  *paoe,  or  al 
leoit  In  ftom#  Itumotiurabb  rejpun  of 


250 


Wood-Mtm. 


[St?p«, 


ertra-txsllario  darkness,  1  was  set.  From 
anollit-r  great  distance,  fro^u  invimblo 
depths  biilow  my  feet,  came  up,  as  if  for 
some  reason  addressed  ti>  me,  an  a^ful 
mingled  murfuur  of  a  on  umbered  human 
voioek^  A  luw,  €ontmiiou%  mournful 
crj'  it  was ;  so  low  and  continnous  that 
it  was  almust  like  the  far  roaring  of  the 
uiwee^i  sea.  But  tlicsre  wm  a  a  itide- 
Bcribable  articokteness — a  huuianilj  of 
eipresiion — which  revealed  to  me  lliat 
tfeej  were  human  voices,  and  iu  deep 
dlstriasi.  It  was  this  motiraful  wail 
whioh  was  the  Babstructitxn  of  the  re- 
mainder of  rnj  dream ;  which  awoke  me 
at  last,  and  wideh  cannot,  judging  from 
the  sotmiU  which  I  heard  jtist  nfter- 
wards  while  awake,  and  which  must  have 
been  &imikr,  liave  la;sted  ten  seconds. 
Upon  tliis  dark  background  of  lamenta- 
tions ranged  themselves  tnany  snccessivo 
or  simultaneous  groups  of  wild  find  iiitting 
Images,  ill  I  melancliolj',  in  sad  harmony 
with  the  deep  orgau-ba^  of  sorrow  be- 
noath.  They  have  faded  out  of  my 
memory  eaccept  one,  eitlicr  more  striking 
in  itself,  or  more  clearly  brought  out  by 
some  chance  h&m  in  actuality,  I  was, 
03  I  said,  in  intense  darkness,  suspended 
in  epaee.  About  me,  within  reacb-^  hav- 
ing me  at  their  morcy,  I  knew  that  there 
hovered  powerful  and  malignant  exist- 
ences, 1  coidd  perceive  noiiiiug*  The 
fact  was  somehow  gradually  clevelbped 
by  a  Blow  astonishing  revelation  within 
myself.  And  ever  and  anon  I  bi^cauie 
conscious  of  some  mocking  wldspert  just 
BO  fnintiy  htard  that  I  could  not  be  sura 
whetlier  I  heard  it:  and  I  felt  that  any 
slight  impulise  w^ould  send  mo  headlong 
from  my  iiifltute  altitude  to  plunge  into 
the  aby sa  of  w oe  be ne ai  h .  W t j y  m y  i n- 
visible  encmiea  did  not  wreak  their  wrath 
n|Mjn  me  I  knew  not ;  but  their  forheiir- 
ance  was  a  scfficieat  InflJction,  fnr  I 
Bhaddered  at  tlio  floating  shadow  of  ter- 
ror that  brooded  over  me,  at  the  appre* 
hension  uf  indefinite  vengeance  to  come. 

For  t^ome  long  period  I  endured  the 
double  misery  of  hearing  the  mourning 
who.se  canse  I  could  not  remove,  nor 
ftsauft^e  its  tide,  and  of  awaiting  vague 
and  fearful  inflictions  dehiyed  tor  how 
sbort  a  tirye,  and  determined  for  what 
ruMODi:^  1  knew  not, 

Bnt  J  distingmHhfcjd,  at  lart»  increased 
vt*hemenro  in  the  cxy  from  underneath, 
Eitl^cr  the  watling  boat  were  rising  to- 
wards r n e.  or  I  i'alli ng  to  ward^  tl ictn*  The 
{[IcKJiny  monotony  of  their  voices  became 
ouder;  more  f ndlvidonlized ;  broke  up 
intu  single  Toicos;  thotigh  tho  change 


was  very  slow,  by  I'^iison  of  the  infinity 
of  space  traversed.     Nearer  and  nearer 
they    approached.      "Wild    laughs    and 
acreamj*  darted  upwards  from  Ihe  great 
dead  levd  of  resonncJing  mourning,  Anf 
now  Uiat  they  w^ere  almost  so  nenr  tha| 
1  might  shfsut  to  them,  though  yet  veile 
in  thick  darknce.^  the  sound  camt>  to  mil 
from  an  extent  far  vaster  than  that  cot 
ered  by  any  earthly  host;  and  the  drea4] 
tide  of  measureless  agony  swept  past  m^T 
upwards  for  ever,  with  almost  tangibW 
powder, 

I  was  In  their  midst.    Walls,  gfoan^ 
fearfal  screams  of  sharpest  sorrow,  deep 
^oh^  and  breathings  t^f  nopdefa  and  tear* 
lesa  grief,  diabohc  laughter^  infinite  wlti^J 
perings  of  hateful  suggestion,  or  of  voic 
outworn  from  long  mourn ingj  went  np  In ' 
bewihlering  intensity  as  it  were  from  out 
of  the  very  body  and  subtitance  of  all  the 
thick  black  air  around  me.    The  immea- 
surable ntterancea  culminated  !n  a  Jong, 
sweepings  piercing  cry,  in  resistless  sym- 
pnUiy  with  wMcb  I  opened  my  lips  to 
crj  als**,  feeling  that  the  sound  of  my 
own  voice  wa*  fated  to  enrol  ti^e  iii  tl4  . 
awful  company,  and  that  wii!i  them 
shotiJd  have  to  rise  thrijugh  Ihe  hopelc 
darkness  for  ever.    But  1  could  cot  utlo 
a  stiund ;  and  in  deadly  fear,  for  1   nu^ 
felt  iron  hands  pressing  fiercely  ujioti  mjj 
throat,  and  driving  back  my  breath, 
sprang    to  my   feet^   awake — as    inuch^ 
awake,  at  least,  as  men  are  who  wake  in 
such  wise. 

It  was  bigh  time,  I  was  choking  with 
smoke,    My  tire  had  spread  farther  tliaaj 
isimply  under  my  bod,  although  it  \\m 
en  ten  another  segment  of  that ;  had 
vaded  a  space  several  rods  in  cxtint.atid 
was  crackling,  snapping  and  mnrmunng 
am4>ng  the  kaves  and  dry  stulT  hehnv, 
and  jumping  up  any  dry  treesaud  bui^ihes 
in  its  [jath.    The  la^t  dreadful  cry  uf  tuy 
dream  was   tho  roar  and  rattle  of  tho 
flames  as  t!iej  Hckod  up   the  thicks 
twigs  of  a  dead  Sj trace  tlsirty  f^et  higliJJ 
Will*  one  bi>und  the  tire  had  t^prung 
the  top  of  the  tree,  Ilaming  out,  a  gre^ 
sudden   torcJi,  uptin  the  darknesi*,  anfl 
Uien  falling  again  a^  soorv  leaving  thfl_ 
blackened.^ rem  and  limbs,  dotted  hereantl ' 
there  with  dull  red  stars. 

Jnthi*  emergency  o^  im^inn^^.  -vuLv. 
ly  was  to  tight  ihe 

Unless  vigorous  mea  UJ 

the  fo remits  e.ist  of  Umbtigog   were   m 
danger,  for  the  drought  had  been  extreme 
tm  weeks,    So^  ftJte  in  l»nnd,  I  htirric'4 
along  tiie  outermost  limit  of  the  fine^^ 
knocking  homing  sticks  into  ilie  ring. 


1M4.J 


WeoirNQiei. 


sod  stACKplfif  md  porautlLniif  th<»  life  oat 
froOl  Um  Terg^  of  tJio  gnrci  ■'  -  ricmy, 
tft  fMl^Otti  hi m  fruuj  ttmk  i  e  o ti< 

BDiitou  In  Utin  I  WM  ttiiiU.n.j.T  .iiilefl 
llf  o^f  (VMitif^tL  being  ypnn  a  small  knoll 
liiw^Wll  itit  lake,  a  bmok,  n  pond  a  few 
$m^  inlittii  «lid  »  M|^  of  rucks.  Tlio 
■ottimMilk^  pftft  of  tlio  bu^kio^'i  tii  haud^ 
mmmj^  to  TBoqniftb  tlie  IJrc  on  tho  Iiuo 
bdwwifi  tile  l«agtt  and  thi^  pcmd  1  stion 
1;  trod  «jut  tli^  reriiriiinJer  raihiT 
tfi  mj  Wiitire;  boft**wi.Hl  gun  dry 
I  oi  water  ttpoti  one  or  two  hut 
uf  ri?WUitm;  made  my  bed  oucc 
>w«w,  «i»4  ai^D  by  down,  Uut  I  ^liriii- 
h«M    #iiljr  to    a    nioiiient.     TIn>    firo 

■liarf  toktutf  at  iJiia  nu^  uf  ljg!u  amimd 
nii.    Tkldt  doudu  bliut  nut  Tr>^^' '^i^'^^  ' 
mlilarligj^t;  and  around  Iho 
aMErrtitr  vXrAvi  ot  lire,  the  nl^Jfu     .     .J 
in  lik*  liT    wall.     A  liug?o 

OUMi  V  rruer  bti^t»  of  BcmiiN 

kittg  a^i  Itlown  over  and  dead, 
ibfc  Sre.     It  aUKid  before  ine,  a 
fiery  altar,  twiHtjng  and 
■bf  In  0»p  b^t  «>f  irn  own  eoinbo.?^ 
T  liI  at  once  tbat 

Iff  rd I gbt  would 

i»«  I'uuxijv  nt  hiH  iijerc)",  1  was 
1^  HMfar  tlie  dbtjuart<<iilrii(  e0!k!ti  of  tbe 
vivid  Ivpi^Miioiit  iimdo  by  iit>  dr^^iiii, 
and  not  immd  awaken.  A  nd  m  \  1  miked 
i|fftt  tJie  AamitifT  ^■■  -  '-  ^"-'  ""\  1  mado 
€■«  iW  I  Uvord  ^  ! d  biugb- 

yr^  end   roti^ir     ,    ,  ..  uuih   and 

Iffjc^j  It  waii^   I  jtt]p[io^t>,  tbo 

Ml  irs  ftud  voices  of  tbp  tiro; 

I  f«lt  ocrtaiti  I  bat  tberu  wcrv  ir^eii 
I  ll,  1  ilu4*d,  a  black  and  detlrut^ 
J  is  ttJioiig  relief  within  th^  lighted 
li*^  Gop|»cN>#  «otn«  rnflifiri^ — I  ktiisw  tliat 
tb^  wtre  «'  Iff  mid  down 

tlUflS  VDOd  •  k  til  i  ng  inei  to 

nbnal  Ti^o^it  >-  '    <      v    [i<d, 

to  inaenblci  \a^  md 

Dorrow,  ;in, 

J&d>  IcM 

anv  -...,  — .L,  !  j,n,  iiul- 
bi  «niql4  do  iU  ati^i  iRMtber  I  nor  toy 
ii«iii*  would  kn^^w    ^i.)i.i  -.Imr.    !ri>^       So 

t  nm^mim^  al9i^  icli 

bl.:   1..  nly 

:  ttttii  ■'.  ily 

behiii  .  hat 

via  tliti^  Tb«xa  vviu  II  ^li^il(f^  ami 
•MM  1>nuiiV1«»:  »«i  I  dULKfvt^rvd  by 
itBaUkitf  i'''  iitf  mid  Herat cbitig 

M^iwlf  with  But  Urn  CAinviir- 


eat  ton  and  the  mirtli  had  gono  roond  tho 
llrei  and  were  on  the  other  side,  Satis^ 
iied,  bowcvi^r,  m  Ui  niy  cotripanyr  1  wet 
down  th(s  pyre,  took  a  survey  of  iny 
neighbtJiirl^iHMi,  to  provide  afr^isuiit  any 
further  outtfreaka  of  the  tire-king,  and 
ouc'^  intjrc  lay  down. 

But  it  Wild  abfioi^t  tnormng^  and  I  wa« 
now  ttjo  thorongbly  avvako  to  sleep  any 
wion^ ;  cspccually  as  my  ht?d  was  burnt 
\k\\  and  my  hands  all  siuarliug  with 
Bcratcbcj  ^\\t\  K%>rcUes.  So  I  pve  it  yp, 
and  began  to  g^t  breakfast^  with  thai  |ke- 
onliar  ^"^  boiled'*  fi^wling — 1  douH  know 
what  other  word  will  t'lpri^**  ii— which 
beb^nj^  to  those  wbij  «leop  unt^asily,  cold^ 
and  without  und reding* 

A)I  that  day  I  llsheJ  and  jiaddkd  up 
and  down  the  lake  and  th^  river  wliioh 
«^omes  in  at  \\^  bead ;  sU^pt  t lie  next  nidifc 
in  ji  hisunoufi  logginn-csiurp ;  and  Um  day 
aftt^r,  returned  to  Errol,  having  secured 
a  rea^^onabie  aniouiit  i^t  i^lituiie  Hud  a  keg 
of  aaUcd  tront. 

Thence  we  very  Njon  started  for  hotna, 
undcrtiiking  to  d@<eend  the  Conneetleat 
Biver  from  uoar  itii  t^iuroef  in  a  timaU 
boat* 

VV<^  firu2i.ed  through  that  wond^rfal  but 
ainiost  unknown  ^eene  of  fanUintio  i^ran- 
d«?iir,  the  Dixvillij  Noicb^  en^barked  at 
Col  tf  brook  Corner  J  t!ijiind  ibc  river  un- 
precodentedly  b^w^;  jiaddkd,  trnc^kedand 
portag^sd^  1  '^^^hot'*  tb©  FilUnin  Milw 
Falls  aloni?.  working  in  the  water  all  the 
Fourth  of  July;  ejiji&i^ed  ttiree  tiiu^: 
lofit  all  «iiir  triiut,  and  harely  caoaped 
with  my  life.  Tb«n  we  exbaustyd  aor 
money  and  fell  hick.  Two  noble  inon, 
wbo^  naine^  t  would  gii^e  berti  If  I  did 
not  suppose  their  modesty  equal  to  their 
benevolcjtce,  ladped  aa  in  our  di$tro»a; 
furniabing  uft  with  comfortable  aecom- 
ini*dntion!i  when  we  euuld  not  pay  for 
thent^  antl  when  thoaa  apeedijy  rearuiliad 
n^  I  buy  loaned  us,  upon  OOr  individual 
security,  ntnple  fuuda  to  take  lis  flsft 
home. 

We  arrived  t'-^''"  "^^out  tha  totitli  of 
July,  iiaving  ^f%  w«<]|a|  and 

fi»rty  dollars ;  i  ,  _  : :  Hl«rfQna  perili  hj 
air,  by  wat^r,  by  eartti  and  by  fire ;  hav* 
ing  learned  ^toro  of  wiKKlcfiiil,  and  ao- 
qoired  no  smalt  share  of  that  useful  mM* 
cjontldeucc  wIulIi  com***  from  carrying 
oni!%  liru  In  4Uiu'n  hand,  and  t^ometltno* 
having  to  grip©  liard  (o  ke(*p  it  tlier©. 
Tbi>'ie  tive  w  131^4  wofa  tha  happiettt  of 
my  life. 


200 


Jknur  lAuL 


[Sept. 


Un&  *inf^,  who  thei^after  woiild  revise 
the  glorious  image  of  Moieart 

It  wjis  iQ  the  miilMt  of  mch  a  eharm- 
lag  world,  in  an  atniosphere  in  which 
the  perfumes  of  the  bouduir  rnlngled  with 
the  iDcense  of  the  Sacristy ;  it  was  amid 
the  inormur  uf  [>iona  scnnons^  and  be- 
witching prattle,  and  to  the  sound  of  the 
trnmpet  of  romnnce^  thnt  Llsiit  was  edu- 
catted.  It  is  easy  to  understand  that  flio 
iDDocenee  of  jouth,  which  knows  no  af>- 
prehetisjon^  thnt  that  fresh ne^^»  of  the 
soul  and  tlie  hearr,  which^  to  thrive, 
nt*eds  mystery  and  retirement,  could 
not  but  droop  and  fade  in  the  bhize  of 
lustres,  and  imdor  tlie  perfuine-ladoa 
breath  of  nn  effeminate  eociety.  Ac- 
cordingly, Liszt  had  hardly  numbered 
fifteen  yeai^  ere  the  effect  was  Been.  lie 
composed  Id^  counteuiince — ho  gave  his 
mind  to  the  cat  of  his  hair  and  the  car- 
riage of  hiij  body — lie  coniploisautly  of- 
fered to  connoisseurs  hi**  profile,  which  it 
was  the  fashion  to  call  Florentine,  and 
women  of  ton  clustered  in  bevies  under 
bis  be«niing  eyes,  to  receive,  from 
those  inspired  glances,  tbo  prophetto 
apnrk. 

The  period  was  propitious  to  this  sort 
of  acting.  It  was  the  moment  when  the 
Dew  school  of  letters  raised  the  standard 
of  revolt,  and  proclaimed  that  works  of 
true  beauty  muat  find  their  only  source 
in  spontaneity.  They  ridiculed  that  poor 
eighteenth  century  which  had  been  bo 
fortunate  as  to  think  the  patient  etudy  of 
tlie  great  works  of  the  past  always  nsft- 
Rll,  and  sometimes  neccsi^ary,  to  the  most 
highly  endowed  minds»  Now,  eponta- 
ueity  is,  in  artj  what  individuality  is  in 
social  organization, — a  fundamental  ele- 
ment which  it  is  necessary  to  direct, 
without  trammelling  iti  deviilopmcnt  or 
extinguishing  its  glow.  Alone,  and  de- 
prived of  ilio  control  of  salutary  laws, 
individuality,  ppo!itaneity,  produce  but 
anarchy.  Li*zt  was  not  backward  in 
embracing  the  creed  of  the  innovator.'^. 
He  threw  himself  Into  the  content  with 
all  the  fire  ufhis  character,  and  I  he  faith 
of  a  neophyte,  who  found  in  the  new  cree<l 
the  glor location  both  of  Ids  eudowments 
and  his  faults.  He  was  often  seen  in  the 
splendid  saloons  of  the  Restoration,  after 
an  iuiprovigation  which  had  inundated 
him  with  glorious  sweat,  to  wave  a^ide 
the  Bgitated  crowd*  and  fall  into  the  arms 
of  \m  friend  Berlioz.  Think  not  that 
this  embrace  had  anything  in  common 
wi tlj  tlie  kiss  of  Lamonrette.  Now,  whe» 
this  clomorous  insurrection  h  appea«ed^ 
^0  can  appreoiat^  its  results,  and  deter- 


mine, with  impmliality,  the  talent  of  its 

leadci^. 

Li*zt  IB  undeniably  a  great  pianist 
Nothing  equals  the  strength  of  his  wrista, 
the  agility  of  hia  bands,  the  energy  and 
fire  of  bis  execution.  He  is  sovereign 
master  of  bis  key-board^  he  knows  all 
its  re^^ouToes ;  he  makes  it  iFp^k  groan, 
cry,  shriek  tinder  his  iron  fingers,  which 
diifuse  nervous  energy  as  the  voltaie  pile 
d iffuses  electric  force.  No  dL^eul ty  stays 
thii!i  incomparable  virtuoso.  Force,  ra- 
pidity, neatness,^ie  possesses  all  the 
qualities  which  pertain  to  the  conmiand 
of  the  in  strum  en  tsj  to  petubmce  of  cha- 
racter, and  to  brlUianoo  of  inmgi nation ; 
and  when  ho  U  seen  to  course  over  his 
pianoforte  in  the  pride  of  a  conquej  or, 
and  to  pulverize  it  with  his  raiglity  hunds, 
he  seems  one  of  those  daring  ^pirit^  who 
take  their  course  on  in  spite  of  all  dan- 
gers* Liszt  dazzle^s  he  stuns,  he  intoxi- 
cates, bo  crushes,  he  takes  away  your 
breath,  he  drags  you  into  Ids  whtrlijool, 
bo  carries  you  olF  on  his  fiery  st^ed  as 
the  King  of  Aolner  carried  off  the  terri- 
fied child  on  bis  infernal  charger.  He 
Btartlefl;, — in  a  word,  he  astonishes  you ; 
he  never  loucJic«  you.  He  lets  loose  a 
deluge  of  notes;  he  heaps  scale  upon 
sc^le,  difficulty  npon  difficulty— Ussii 
upon  Peliun,  He  poands  like  a  bedlaitt- 
ite  upon  his  panting  pianoforte,  which 
he  presses  with  his  knees  and  arms — and 
he  cannot  win  from  it  one  of  those  simple 
accents  winch  open  the  fountiun  of  your 
tear?,  and  which  esciipe  from  the  lips  oi 
a  little  child.    What  a  lesson  I 

Our  century  is  imbued  with  this  be- 
lief, w*hioh  eminently  characterises  tt, — 
that  noEhing  is  impossible  lo  the  human 
will*  I  think  that  the  century  is  in  error. 
In  the  Art5,  above  ail,  nothing  gr^at  is 
acconipltshed  without  eentimt?nt;  and 
sentiment  is  an  endowment  which  God 
has  imtihmted  in  our  souls,  and  which  h 
beyond  the  reach  of  our  free  will.  And 
thus  it  is  that  Art,  in  its  highest  accep- 
tation, becomes  a  religion. 

Nobody  surpiL^se^  Liszt  in  the  gym- 
nastics of  the  key-hoard.  Hi^  lnow/  ,,i| 
its  tricks;  he  executes  the  gr  - 

culties  with  an  ease  which  is 
As  he  aims,  above  all  thing?,  i 

the  ear,  be  seek  a  ofitcts  of  r  tl 

sonority — ^that  is  to  !?ay,  the  two  giim^ct 
elements  of  mtisical  language.  Thus, 
that  which  be  aimR  .ind  scrlvt*s  Uy  pr^ 
pent  ii  the  tiiwmlt  of  imjit/ vi»l  phftfmm**- 
mu  the  rude  ■  In* 

outbreaks  of  i^ 

tlie  noise  and  i-unin.n-  <»i  \  nFN.rii  p;iv-i.  ins; 


1S54.] 


Ihans  Lmt 


Ut 


Wlj.    TlMiflt«i<t 
Mil,  ftnd  mt 


to  your 
u  wUii  til©  drtiBk* 
'vkic*     Hi*  knows 


hnf  to  tHjrtr«y  uwrytliiiig  oxcept  the 
■«9at  ma  senme  ftspifi^tlous  of  the  a<>u] ; 
kt  wpoakM  all  kttgaii^s,  i^xcept  tlmt  of 
liffw  His  reckie«fti  impravjitatior^  in 
«Woll  tfao  tlire«d  of  hh  Ulei^s  o»CJiti«^  him 
ai  olUn  M  com  man  scusci ;  hi«  forced 
w4alHtioii«,    '  ^  '  '    .  ,ny  but 

kirikasil  vkj^  iijwtu- 

<!■  Hbytlimi ;  "»r^  i.i;imihh»^>>  i-(|Nnily  pre- 
I  Aad  itioorrect ;  his  Iheiuric  pun- 
tbb  fortn^  a  dratiui  which 
«cltc»  joa  Eke  a  raoo  or  ft  lmll-%ht 
liBd  irriiATi^^  t\u*  nerv&j;  he  dti«»  not 
kmiw  h-  you  wot^p.    Ho  p^jy* 

1^  }iijic.  ^>f  making  it  4ng;  iio 

Uttfiks  %  itistettd  of  tourhing 

IW  t#^  « TJ  a  I  i£e«i  the  iuoe  t  @  u  b* 

Imt  tif  •  ^  and  pro^luG^  a  pby- 

ial  «  ^'Jtild  produce  a  morid 

ifcci.     iu    Liial  ho   b  worthy  of   hi^ 

■■001* 

Lftfl,  who  b  d  rrsjin  of  mt«l]igtnce«  hm 
fvHb^lf  contprehciided  that  Ar^  as  he 
marmrm  Art,  hati  tu^ed  af  all  tho  ad* 
•mMM§u  (d  uliiis'e  r^t^ct ;  and  thiu  he  neg- 
)as«  i»oil^if^  whir^h  will  Hirlke  tha  eye 
ml  tfoltc  ih*.*  Ui\ii)^Umi'\nti.  See  luin 
wakm  lib  vtitrainco  at  a  putilir.  con^^ert. 
T»  h«gi&,  ha  to^ikes  hi^jilovcfl  Co  nn  at  ten* 
4iiA,  tbvfi  »it.t  rl.uii  vvitti  a  dL*monstra^ 
fioii ;  bs  ai»;  ' )  f  a  over  his 

MBi#n>Q«au<-  :>om  in  mm 

IpBO  caiib  uf  hi*  duvotct^  ^vhom  lie  h{>1fl3 
l|«ll-|>otif)  1  ntider  hU  bnftuMg  gluneo  lu 
i  tiUco'  at  lout  he 

jfbFtmh  y*lK}Ardf  juid 

tfMi  wliU  .^*lLi^^  iin  thiuakr  omllaunoJi- 
tef  lil«  lijT^itidiig,  he  i«  oool  i,«noqg)i  to 
«•  and  tuidentiiod  exactly  atl  th^  ciftH^t 
WipRialtiAg.  Oh!  it  U'uoi  ibtisi  tttut 
•^r  Ituni  fniT-T  The  ftni»jt  who 

trolr  IQOV'  t.ip>t  and  liobfl  in 

L*  fBfT  **-• '  •  *'■  '■'-  'vwniior- 

Nw,  U:  illowed 

^lO  UiL    ...  :uu1   hi 4 

*i  uci0api«9    lli«    evo    m     tjue^    way    or 


Ujl;   lini^^   i4    his 
'.%    but   abo    tl(4i 


thorn  modelled  e&peeially.  Beyond  thh 
there  h  nothing,  eieopt  it  be  in  ili©  con* 
duct  of  the  women  who  bay  the  cantM, 

Little  n^ed  be  said  uf  hiB<?oni[»oaitiQri3, 
Jlh  mn^lo  U  alnios^t  inipoikilhle  to  all  hui 
him^lf.  They  ore  iinprovisAlions  with- 
out sequence  and  without  idouif  oquidly 
prctentiaufl  otid  oooentnc,  and  the  merit 
of  whtc^b  i§  In  th#  magie  of  hi:»  eier-ution. 
How  far  wo  are  from  th«  now  Mozai't 
wlio  wa^  locked  for  f 

The  life  of  Lkzi  h  altogether  an  eit#- 
rinr  Ihe^  like  llmt  of  an  hnprovisator  or 
&  cKmie<tmn<  Ho  niuft  always  have  ft 
new  publSe  to  gaze  at  Jufn^  eicite  and  in* 
toxieaie  idiu  wUh  lU  noisy  acelainaliou* ; 
he  neither  hreathoi  nor  lonki*  at  his 
easo^  b nt  i n  the  m idst  o f  a  cro w d .  0 icer o 
has  soraewhere  »!tid  that  ^*The  lonely 
miin  ii  sddorn  eloquent."  The  talent  of 
Liazt  does  not  etist  but  in  o  nmaeronj* 
a8se[nb1y.  Bentliam  wrote  a  euriooa 
fable  ii[Kjn  tho  strakigy  of  parbornentary 
a«s6tnblie^^ ;  Lbtt  could  write  oim  ciiually 
interesting  io  another  wny,  up<»n  th^  &H 
of  aijquiring^  preAcrtinfj  ctkbrky  in  thi 
nifhcUeththr  c^tUury.  At  a  pmcb  Mun- 
sbnr  Berllo2  could  Jidd  B(irne  valuable 
and  learned  note«,* 

Wlten  Lis^t  perceired  that  hk  display h 
heijtfan  to  fatigue  ibe  ears  of  the  ParisiaQ 
ptiblie.^  and  that  the  protoL^ed  roAciion 
uf  good  tiLste  thri;atenec]  to  eniotnb  bini 
all  vti  under  the  dramaa  and  tlje  *yrnpho- 
niei  of  his  coreligionalreii,  he  Uiok  hij 
oourse  liko  a  prude ut  umn.  lie  arnied 
hitn»^lf  with  liia  gr^t  i^word  atul  w^enl 
over  niounfaina  and  through  volleys  to 
conquer,  Uko  Aiejcaiiclcr,  a  fofelgn  r»- 
nown  \  in  fino,  io  otntiHo  and  divart  the 
frivolous,  lie  did  oi»t  fo^^;et  to  nend  ftD 
army  of  Iji^toriogiaph:*  wbo^io  duty  waa 
to  recount  htn  gl^ry^  and  in  tlin  reiipiMl 
ho  appi'arcd  niuen  more  nkilt'id  tban 
Mon^?,  Berlin^,  \\\*  will  not  f<dlow  M, 
LLixt  through  conquered  kingilotoj  a  ad 
eicUed  j>eople;  we  will  not  alii  »w  our- 
nelvod  to  recount  hi*  iriuoiphH,  U*  register 
the  number  of  eruwn«i,  decorantMis  and 
KtiiHT-bo%«i§  which  were  henjKsd  0|>on 
uof  to  dewribe  the  ^iKdiUiiitHin^  ova- 
-  whicli  w*tfre  carefully  arroi^fi^d  for 
him  by  his  eouricJfH  iind  corre-jMndtnt^* 
Wl*  will  onjy  sny,  that  at  Berlin  the  eu* 
wni  of  which  he  wiiM  fhw  cdijuct, 
uliid  to  a  jiaroxyam,  and  rhut  the 
yoiin^  «ludonU  rushtHl  in  n  rnjwd  to 
meet  him,  unharuL^^Hed  hi*  ljor*i'*s  and 
ilrew  him  to  hL4  hotel.    O'Uoanell  met 


r  ewwcr  of  kl«it^  JqWaq,  «nil  ilw  «ailftil<iii  of  liin  q  titw  radii  ^61  b« 


262 


Marian  m  her 


[Sept 


BQ  mch  recepttoo  from  grateftij  Imbmen. 

Bnl  in  the  tuidst  of  all  ihesse  tnntnpha^  it 
was  Parti  that  occupied  the  fttteotiotL  of 
Liszi  His  a^ntd  and  the  d<)roteea 
whom  ha  had  permitted  to  oirculat©  tho 
boilelin^  of  hk  viot^^rles,  inforn^ed  him 
ia  tuTQ  of  the  effect  which  they  had 
produced  upon  the  poblie.  When  tliej 
tboQght  tbejeaw  Ihe  opportune  moment 
they  wrote  111 m  *'c«mei'*  and  he  appear- 
ed among  uii  aa,  after  years  of  absence, 
en  wreathed  with  his  succeaa  and  hia 
great  talent  The  plan  taoceeded.  Li^t 
resumed  the  course  of  his  travels  and 
his  trium^plial  proffreit^es,  astonisblng 
soiae  bj  hia  inarvoilous  execution,  and 
others  hy  hia  splendid  charity.  It  <Jonld 
not  have  been  more  skilfully  done* 

Tender  and  dedicate  spirits,  noble  aonb, 
true  artista,  you  to  whom  Muaio  la  not 
An  em  pi  J  &ound,  a  riot  of  sounds  which 
astonishes  and  intoxicates  tbe  senses^  bat 
a  atiblime  longiiai^  by  which  we  express 
the  joy  «T  the  grief^i^  the  ^  pi  rati  on  a  of  our 
ponls,  which  hare  no  utterance  la  oom^ 


tnon  wordst  Imve  to  Limit  hia  akilful 
tricka^  and  listen  to  Obopin  if  you  can. 
liszt  m  but  ft  piam&t;  Obopin  la  a  poet,* 
The  great  events  which  we  have  wlt- 
neaed  during  fitly  years,  the  gigantic 
struscgle  whieh  we  have  bad  to  eustain 
witli  the  intereeta  of  the  past  and  allied 
Europe,  hare  too  mnch  developed  the  in- 
di^ridaality  and  tbe  aggresaive  purts  ei' 
our  nature,  and  eicttM  our  intellet'taai 
forces  at  tbe  expense  of  the  affections  of 
the  Honl.  Hence  tlje  Ills  which  torment 
U8,  the  bombast  and  the  feverish  agita- 
tion which  are  imprinted  upon  tl»e  works 
of  this  day,  O^x  mission,  children  of  tbe 
pooond  half  of  the  nineteenth  centnry,  i* 
to  ^11  up  these  gaps  and  re-eaiahliiib  the^ 
equilibrium  in  the  economy  of  lifo,  by 
aystematislng  the  liberty  won  by  onr 
fethers,  by  elimltiating  the  unity  of  trod, 
from  tbe  scientific  phenomena  which  ob* 
scur©  bis  ima^^re,  and  by  temix?Hn^  the 
temerity  of  the  intellect  by  the  divine 
iiwpirfttions  of  sentiment. 


MABIAN   IN    HEE    CELL. 

Yon  looked  across  the  meadows^ 
At  tbe  red  son  in  the  West, 
And  tbe  wood  was  foil  of  shadows^ 
But  my  head  lay  on*your  breast^ 
And  your  words  were  low  and  sweet, 
And  OUT  hearts  in  mnaic  \itat. 

Ton  spoke, — ^T  only  listened — 

(Blest  hoars  without  alloy), 
You  sang,— my  tear-drops  gllstened^^^ 

I  was  dumb  and  blind  with  joy. 
Oould  I  hear  yoor  bridal  bell — 
You  in  Heaven,  and  I  in  Hell  f 

Oould  I  stop  the  cnrsSd  blade 

At  yonr  throat  so  warm  and  white^ 
Wber^  my  loving  flngere»  played 

With  the  moonlight  tbrongli  the  night  f 
Oonld  t  think^  and  hold  the  steel  I 
Oonld  I  p^uH^  and  lk4  to  feell 

By  tbe  hallowed  word  of  0od 
There  is  Murder  on  your  son!! 

As  I  knelt  npon  ttic  ^d 

Where  the  death 'black  waters  r611| 

I  could  bear  the  angry  flood 

Caliinp  hoai«ely  ^*  IIt&&df<}r  BlmdP' 


*  Frmnr  <  z<4iu«wiiVolft«  iM«r  Wanaw;  In  tStO,  dtetl  «i  i' 

mttflclui''  :  H*r  and  aaflofciii  mm  ill*  UntmH*  UUtMii*'- 


-JS^ula  by  tJi<t  jli^^Wr* 


St64.] 


3«^ 


Tni    WILDS    OF    HOBTHKRN    NEW    TOHK. 


!  lU  liJiTo  heard  of  Hnown*^  Tr»el ; 
IM  Adiroui^nck  Woixl*,  or  the  tor- 
«c»  .if  Korthern  Now  YorL  Y^ft  f<^w 
b^r*  trtwe  wmn  ih^m,  few  Km  «C(|nAlnU>d 
mUh  tMr  htstorj,  gocigf»phy  ind  peoi»» 
Itfltitti.    It  loaj  Hoem  Btraag^  in  ihit 

yof  liil«]IS|«ti^  ckfid  wicio  4itTlis)oti 
knairM^  of  orory  kind,  to  talk^  us 
4i  m  90ir  thing,  ftbout  Uio  hi^tor^  of  our 
^fblHjrSf  and  tlt*j  geugratilijr 
I  of  l&tid,  Uio  liciglit^  uf  which 
I  almnst  i^e  in  a  clear  ilay ;  to  &t^ 
I  to  inteft^t  otn;  by  iLe  oliiiracter* 
Woiisd  p«GiiUi>titi«4  of  m]j' lining  coua- 
tl0;  to  •P^B'lc  <)f  ^  pfLrt  ol  tho  Em  [lire 
Stalii^Moft'     '"     '   r  flennanv, 

itftlkeAIpi:  imd.    U 

tt^f  Iwfl^mi^ri?,  yvv  |>n.>jM.^r  H>i,u  Lrue.  It 
li^qtellMfll^&D,  tiow-a>(Up,  to  inter* 
iUbjr  09ir  th^omt,  t«  InTont  Bouih  Bea 
hrtiiii^  tliAt  will  ftriko  the  eye  and 


■M  tbe  Uncj^  but  wiU  bur«t  a»  iofm 

tbt  bri|litfijm  of  words  h  brok<^n,    I 

ft  iidtont   for  na  tttch  mvoniicm, 

eluui  I  ons^poljtr  of  ideMu  Tb# 

mad  vft!tey»,  ri  v^re  and  Isfiili 

OC  wbicfi  I  ihall  wrfl^^MTe 

I  wirart  tli«j  now  ar«  for  «entnrtee 

flfta;  th«j  aro  not  new  or  originftl, 

Dm  9je  of  God  has  looked  down  upon 

the  dawn  uf  erection ;  tuey 


«•  ttol  &9W.  The  fftme  f<>rc«y  have 
yteotned,  ripaned  their  foUagv^  nnd  havo 
bMft  loldte  tr««iiir«ei  for  the  ioy  wind 


d  inatcr;  IIm  flsna  wati*f»  have  de- 
ifiiadvd  tlM  bighlaadt,  ipren^l  throni^h 
llv  falltji,  aad  arafMsmted  here  and 
itev  En  Uia  lake  and  oeean,  ri»on  up  in 
«te  Md  dooda  a^d  again  de«oa[idod 
ma  tba  aioimtainit  titer  ar«  itot  origi- 
niL  Onfinary  ongiiiatltj  in  not  Inren- 
UMU  If  I  can  Qourey  1o  another  an  Idea 
l^a  Im  bow  has  Dot^  ^  I  ^Art  lx%  the  chao* 
a«l  la  whieh  may  flow  rimn^Tit^ 

«r  a  pravSotisIj  itfiD'>'  .  that  k 

«l|!BaBt!r  etiottg^.  '  n>»  matter 

hov  ronfh  tlM  ci  wfiter  may 

htjaitat  port.  ;^i)  luiu^^r  how  Irnwii* 
kr  and  oadtiapely  tbe  »tm  may  be,  if  it 
aaljr  eliiiMa.  Om  old  fact  1«  worth  a 
daata  iirigtoil  faadac 
la  mj  <»^aonrationa  conoemin^  the 
wnmt  of  yiuilieni  Kisw  York^  I 
cadaafor  to  g|t«  mb  clear  an  id<»aa< 
t  aaa  ot  rnKtr^  i%  h—u^kat  ii  ii— and 
alftf  f ^  It  ^rwjrf  /^. 

tiait.    If  wo 
U  V'lSr^  North 

fif^a  Ivain^ur,  anU  iori|;ili)ile  abotit  74^ 


30'  Weat  fV^om  Green wich.  on  tha  mm- 
mil  of  a  mponiaJH,  called  by  Boiae,  Bltia 
Mountain,  and  by  othera,  more  properiy, 
Mount  Etntnoui,  a  position  4boo  feat 
above  tije  love!  of  the  9f>a,  am)  with  a 
litage  pair  of  com|iasjicw,  wilh  a  nMliiis  or 
sweep  of  fifty  mi  lea,  we  d^*^cnboa  circlai 
with  a  diameter  of  one  hiindrLHl  mjlea 
and  a  ciruiiniferenco  of  throo  hutulradt 
it  will  give  n«  nearly  the  limits  of  Urn 
tract  of  whieti  I  apciik.  It  h  a  v;vii  pla- 
t^Min  or  table  land,  bounded  by  an  i^x ten- 
sive valley  oil  fMiAi  eide;  on  the  east  tbd 
Cham  plain  valley,  on  the  Soutli,  the 
Mohawk^  and  on  the  weat  aiid  north  tJba 
\allu>n*  of  tha  Bkdc  River  and  St.  Law- 
rence, It  is  the  amninit  highland,  and 
within  is  the  culminating  fmnt  of  a  vast 
It^dge  or  ranfie  of  hiUa  &nd  monntalnai 
Umt  years  ago  were  heaved  up  by  inter- 
nal volmnic  agen^noij ;  the  low^ist  point 
of  whidi,  ill  one  direction,  h  in  the  egal 
beds  of  Nowfotmdland,  nnd  jn  tlie  othef, 
down  aiijong  tho  ocml  piti*  of  Pt^nnnylva- 
nia.  It  comprises  ihti  whole  of  IlaTnll- 
ton  Oounly,  and  pjctriions*  of  Warren, 
Eiec^  Olitivin,  Franklin,  3t.  Lawrt*QC«, 
L«wia  and  Ilerkinu^^ 

In  answer  to  the  question,  «hat  U  ta, 
—there  b  a  wido  range  for  the  obaerTa- 
li<in  or  de^riplire  iruagi nation  of  ih& 
ob^rver  or  lii^tener.  A  bouodleafl  va- 
riety ohnrajcteriies  the  view.  The  nrar- 
«hy  ^wanip  and  the  dry  htghlanfl — the 
high  mountain  and  the  deep  valley — ^the 
est«n^ive  plnin  find  the  long  ledg^  of 
rocks— the  quiet  river  and  ttio  foaming 
cutaract — ^th#  peotjlve  lake  without  a 
ripple  or  a  breeze  and  the  roUinf?  watera, 
the  white  rjipped  waves  and  the  whist- 
ling wind* — iiie  ttill  reposo  of  a  wilm 
8uni!«t  and  the  mcMiQtain  brow,  crowned 
wkh  a  fltonn-cload — the  iinjuniijyr  of  birds 
and  the  cry  of  the  panthor  and  the  howl- 
ing of  woivca — hero  tho  wide  Uke  of* 
waten.  there  the  ijoundlcjis  oc^nn  of  for* 
iitf— the  golf  btneaih  and  tlie  prt^clpiec 
aboire-^he  «ilTery  waten^  tl^e  tfark 
iLotintalnii  and  the  ntirple  f^ki^i;  ;.^all 
ootnbltiedf  gfvt*  ■'  *''^»''ng  rariety.  often 
a  grandenr  ain  :  v  to  Uie  Tiew, 

Thii  elevak  : ,  .  . ,  or  tabJa  ki  dlrid- 
cd  into  two  nearly  emral  parti  lija  val- 
kv.  corurnc^nnn^  at  InAttsonfg  OQ  Ltka 

'im  ufi  the  Sanina^ 
'  Harnnnr  Inkca,  then 

uu^iukij^  thit   Uii^pitjttt?  h 

I^ing  and  liaquettL*  lai>  lo 

Falion  chain  of  lakos,  cuiicU  b)  Uicir 


The  WiU9  0/  Mrihem  Mw  York, 


[S^L 


DQiobors,  fram  one  to  eight,  then  down 
Moose  Rivor,     It  runs  id  a  south-wester- 
ly t^ourse  and  a  dist4mco  of  about  one 
hundred!  iind  tii'ty  iinle^,  termmatitjg  tieur 
Booiivillt\  Oneida  Oountj.     The  cenrre 
of  the  valley  ftnd  llie  plateau  is  Ilaqaette 
Lakt%  ^vhich   irself    k    some   l700   ftQl 
above  the  lerel  of  tJie  Kea.     The  whole 
Imo  of  ihls  centre  valJey  is  filled  in  with 
lukes,  bearitiful  and  picturesque,  scatter- 
ed along  Hke  jewels  open  a  necklace.  On 
the  oast  of  this  valley,  are  all  the  ninro 
pmnijnent  mountains.     There  are  three 
ranife*,  the  base  of  all  which  is  Uie  tAble 
lind.    Tiie  first  range  runs  nearly  pa- 
rallel  with  Lake  George,  and  its  highest 
pjiint  i^   Pharftoh*3  Mountain,  in  Essex 
Oounty.    Tlie  second,  we^t  and  parallel, 
the  highest  point  of  which  ia  Dix^s  Fcak^ 
in  the  same  county.    The  third  and  prin- 
cipal riinge  commences  to  the  north  of 
Lit  lie  FhIU^  jjass^es  through  Herkimer, 
Ilttiixilton  and  Bsses  Ooontie'S,  and  ter* 
niinatiiig  on  the  Lake  Oharnpkin  shore. 
The  k?t  includes  the  high  peaks  of  the 
Adiron^laofc  wtou^  that  ejEcel  their  com- 
peers in  heignt,  extent  and  wihl  ^ublimt- 
ty.      The  hjgjhest.  Mount    Marcy,  just 
pierces  the   region   of   [perpetual  frost, 
being  innre  than  a  mile  high*  The  heights 
of  the  most  important  points  ia  tliis  re- 
giun  and  vicimty  have  been  calculated 
aud  esti mated  as  loHows  i — 


7eeL 

Lflkt  Chflmplniii 

9S 

RuinrAft^B  l^rDUiiEJitn    .           * 

.     nm 

DIxS  Peak 

.        ^200 

Nii^lt  Tap 

,       49011 

Sclifoon  Mt.     * 

820O 

L&k«  fliuiilford 

.       1S2« 

isa9 

Liltfl  HcnrlerflQu 

,       1036 

l«lwjCol4tn       . 

,       3S5t 

ArLlE&nctiie  Luke          ,            , 

,     ewci- 

n  [gtiei  t  Soa  rce  tj  t  JIuilflDn      . 

»       'IT4T 

WbUefuce  AtL 

,     mo 

Tupper'^Uke     . 

IMS 

Newfumb  Lak«    *        , 

.        1008 

Jit.  KcM&rUei      ,       .          .          . 

mucintm     , 

5000 

.     urn 

Ift^Wir^ 

.        fi46T 

SMT''*'*;    : 

.       WW 

lUqq«H«  Lfiks    y         .             ,            , 

.       173* 

*th  An i  9th  l^ik^t 

.       1T30 

Lnlc«  BckforJ       *       *           ,           , 

17»1 

Adllr«it]ila«k  PuM 

.       2«IT 

MtScwarit           *       .           *           * 

.     §ino 

400O 

BmntAtidnl  ML     ^       , 

.       fiOflO 

TiyJftr'j  Mrtiiotftln       . 

.       4!MJ0 

WUlfnce  Mt,        .        . 

IWW 

Qin'»Ifc»(l          »        .                       . 

STOft 

From  Port  Henry^  on  LaJte  Ghamplain, 
~|lhe  ammmit  level,   westerly  of  Mt, 


Marcy,  ii  about  46  miles ;   tUenc«  weat- 

erly  to  St,  Law  re  nee  Ri  ver,  about  To  miles. 
Fr<>m  the  ilohawk  t alley  to  Rn^pietle  is 
about  SO,  and   thence  to  the  levola  qI 
Lower  Carrada  about  70  miles. 

We^t  of  Raqnette  Lake,  there  h  a  j^a- 
dual  slope  toward  I  he  valleys  *>f  St,  l4iw- 
renco  and   Black   Rivers — nothing  that 
can  b  e  cjilled  raou  n  tai  us ;   an  ii  u  d  ula  ling 
surface,  intersiierscd  here  and  there  with 
beau ti f ul  sh ee U  of  w ater .    In  th i s  v ici ni ty 
are  the  sources  of  sereral  rivers ;  on  the 
east,  are  the  Hudson,  the  Sehroon,  SaUJe 
anJ  Saranac ;  on  the  west,  the  Rflquelf6» 
Moose,  St.  Regis,  Salmon  and  Osvvegai- 
ctjje  rivers.     In  the  sanae  neigh Ijor hood, 
within  a  short   distance  of  eat  h  other, 
are  the   streams  and   ponds,  that  give 
origin  to  tlie  Hudson  and  Raqueife,  that 
flow  in  opposite  d i rectiou?.  The  hrtmchei 
of  the  Sable  and  Raquetto  interioek  with 
those  of  the   Hudson.    This  redi>n  ia 
called  by  some  tlje  water  shed  of  the  tur- 
rounding  valleys,  pouring  out  it^  fertil- 
izing trensure  wiih  no  slack  band. 

Of  the  lakes  in  this  section,  Raqtiette, 
in  Hamilton  County  Is  tlie  largest,  Isaviiig 
an  area  of  simie  35  square  miles,     lU 
shore  is  indented  with  bays  and  promon- 
torie^f  that  give  variety  and  extent  to 
tbe  profipect.     Long  Lake^  some  15  tniles 
nortijerly  of  Requette  is  eighteen  nnk*s 
In  length,  width  Yiirving  from  hr*lf  a 
mile  to  four     Other  Safces^  to  the  nuu;l>cr 
probably  of  two  liundred,  are  seatttred 
about,  ne!?tled  between  the   mountains 
and  in  the  valleys;   of  every  f<«nn  and 
si/A   circnlar   and  lineal,   quadrangular 
and    multangular,   forked,   ragge<l    and 
erooked,  from  ten  feet  to  ten  miles  in 
diameti^r. 

To  give  a  more  distinct  Idea  of  tlie 
place.,  1  will  commence  at  the  so  nth  cast 
corner,  aud  revohe  around  the  central 
point  of  Raqueite  Lake  in  the  order  of 
the  counties. 

Warren  Ooun ty ,  the  n ort b w  i  '    T 

of  which  is  iochided  within  t  i 

of  which  we  apeak,  the  New  lin^   i>.a- 
teau,  has  a  broken,  hlHy  surface.    Scvrral 
ranges  of  highlands  pass  thri  -^-    *   *i- 
rying  in  height  fronj  GOO  to 
The  highest  point  is  Crane*?  Mu. .......   .  .a 

the  vicinity  of  Wiirrcnshurg,      It  kr^ 
claim   to    Lakes  George,   Sdirf'T]    nu>} 
Brant:  the  first,  S6  miSei*  in  1 
second,  9,  and  the  third,  D.     It  ,i 

by  the  Hudson  River  and  it^  bntnchc*. 
The  hark  portion  a  of  it  are  wib!  a»d 
^  save  by  tho  wild  ltca*t  nndtbt 
.   tra%'eller,  and  iU  dc^ep  gOfipi 
art  inhabited  only  by  tbe  living  walen. 


ia64.J 


T%e   TFi/Ji  of  J^oriktm  Mm  York 


0ir««Uj  north  k  Emcx  County,  1*0^ 
pili,...^  T..I..  it;,  ,^p;^jj, .  i]y^  western 

■If  <i  :  I  ■?  til  <i  A  t!  i  roimke  k 

on    1  -y  tJi'ortaj^iied    hj 

'■  Rooky  Mo  im  till  Hi, 

04J  of  tweiity  niikis  are 

n  <ir  fniirtj   inaiuitiiius. 

thjr,  *-  I't  aJr,  *^  mm!  tuilverg:il 

In  1  trid  foxTiii  tony 

JsMt  Miiroy, 

ij  ;   and  wc^N 


■mad  Ui^ 


[>rtler.     A  i 


rtintiJi '  ii!ii-i    >ir 


iteillKfitir' 


kAroodhd  r 
tartBUi  U  J  ur 


.itovoniui 

:^i  t:iNn[mriiun.    Tlio 

■L'sof  the  rocks,  ttiul 

'  Mn]  iirtrrow,    TLu 

'  ^  aro  Kt'uerally 

]i  wrtfb,    Tiio 

'      ,  hero  iirul 

i   one  fi*ut 

I  .       J  itj  L>   ttTi?    tli« 

i^jrl  a  brtiri^h  of  the 

f  ",  H  thu  famotis 

' ..  !»ut  n  eitmll 

fiLLu  ibo 

.:    wo  ilrM, 

rrrc  jj*  i:o(uiiiirntivt4y 

■Is  Lyoii*,iind 
In  their  bretli* 

l>Aiikliti,  tlirro 
^    '■  "►  point 

.LUr, 


'.si  t'onii  Ur-  Hourctvi  uf 
r. 


}m\f  of  the  f?re4t  iilate&iif  wt^t  of  tbt 
Rnquetto  Vitllcy*  Hence,  here  W6  ttmy 
expect  nn  high  mouijtaltij*.  Leaving  ili« 
valley  uf  lla*  St.  l^wrenee  river,  w<j  rbo 
ii|itiw  ihe  ceritral  tnbk\  wkkhU  traversed 
and  abcindaiitiy  watered  by  UicSt,  Uegia, 
Qawt^tc!!ue,  and  Rjujuettc  river»,  ib« 
latter  "f  which,  ri.shig  in  HmniUou 
C'^  ;^  to  have  faund  it,^  (xnirst* 

IV i  ./;  winding  about  tT It!  ««>iiiv 

try,  larc  Ibrming  a  beautiful  kk«  iind 
tbere  a  j^orps  and  a  watiirfall, 

NeJtt,  cnriiu^f  across  a  corner  of  I^wiii 
coianty,  that  tlicre  exi'^dsin  wildnesa  and 
hs  de^^eri  appeariinct*,  i\A  eUc where  it  eX' 
ceb  ill  l^^rliluy  and  progressive  ctilliva- 
tion;  and  ulii  a  porlion  of  Jlerkiiiior, 
lymg  directly  ea^it  of  Lewis^  tmver$e^ 
eni^t  and  wo>l  by  st^veral  atreEinus  as  the 
brand ii^4t  of  tlwj  Mtdiawk,  Bbick  ami 
MiKi^e,  a  surface  catn^iarativt^ly  levcJj 
with  no  lakfci  of  ini|>ortance,  only  a  |>or- 
tjon  of  tlie  chain  eon  nee  ling  Eaciutette 
witli  Mi-Kjse  river.  We  ilien  ijoine  upoa 
Hamilton  County,  tbal  h  ahutist  the  &jf- 
nonyni  for  i*oik]s  find  wild  scenery*  Tliifi 
liy?  away  frotiJ  all  ojwn,  direet  ecjiniiiuui- 
eatioi  with  buMinesij  thoruugb fares,  ii*o- 
hUtl,  Aurrouiided  by  mditiide,  1 1 face  r«ljr* 
ingotilv  a|n»n  it^lf  and  it-.4  own  reAom-c^a» 
Ycinatnix^  louj  l^iumtifnlly  dt^ne  her  jiart. 
Ilert'j  as  eW-wdiere,  her  worki*  Imve  not 
been  appreemtud,  Tv%'o  rangjes  of  hills 
Iravufbe  it  riortli  and  t-imth,  From  onu 
4? .1  tended,  tUtm  the  Ailiroiulack  beli^hta; 
tJte  oilier,  nlx^ut  six  miles  west,  lies  mostly 
within  tho  borders  yf  thitt  contuy*  Tli*» 
eouutry  h  brc*kon,  up  hill  and  down, 
ridgu  and  gnlf.  Thh  county  h  mostly 
eelebrated  for  the  numbi^r  and  b«?auty  of 
its  bike5 ;  great  reservuir*^  for  the  nvor* 
that  llow  dtiwu  far  dtftAni  and  nmke  glad 
tlie  tM>jL  f  n  the  Southern  and  lower  i>arl 
are  Lake  Plea-^ant,  Kound  and  Plsieco 
I^kes  and  ui  '  ."  '  ing 

up  the  IjiiCii'  >n. 

hi  ibu   lifipt^r  part,  f-,  m-ii>!  uit^  i*sM[iii  it« 

I^ke,  that  cover*  a  whole  towns  I  d»* 
Front  thi*  the  wat4.*r  lluwji  jmrth.  Only 
a  few  mdeft  no  nth  l*«  the  Hkturi'e  of  Mootfl 
ItWi^r  in  tIih  Full  I  hi  ehain  of  lakm, 
Ktjfth*  inllr*  from   lUfjtieUe, 

are  ilu-  i  liahi  of  iake»,  bcMii:  th« 

higlo*st  wilt  cm  on  tbij  w  hi  fie  |4aieail. 
North Wi?*t  fnjiii  Ksvi^r^tir  h  lln^^ 
lj)kk\  liirtfe  in  e\  lit 

np.  Korth^  *otini  1  t«jj 

ji  Ft>rked    Lake,  uud   Itn  *f 

Bftijuwtto  U  Liiuir  Ijike;  »o:  * 


III  iiv  f^i'-^i 

fUU   IF,— IS 


utiUj  aim    n/i*  ikit  uivi , 


.M>r4, 


26C 


The  WUdi  of  Iforihem  Wm  York 


[8.pL 


Henderson,  Saraimc,  Hep  pert.  Theao 
aro  the  tnmt  important.  Numberless 
smaller  ones  fill  in  th^  intersti^at  and 
ndd  befiutf  to  the  landscape. 

It  were  Impossible  to  give  a  real,  trne 
descnption  of  the  acenery  in  this  section. 
We  can  only  appro li mate.  It  mast  he 
seen  with  one^s  own  ejes  to  be  realized. 
Go  with  me  in  the  ascsent  of  Mt,  Marcy, 
or  as  the  Indians  call  it,  Mt,  Tafia wub* 
Suppose  that  after  haying  travelled  miles 
tbn^u^^h  th<5  woods  from  I^ng  Lake,  or  tlie 
Adirondack  Iron  Woiks,  after  iiavitig 
passed  b>%  ihrongh,  and  around  laksi, 
over  hilU^  gulfs  and  streams,  taking 
water-bed  a  for  paths  and  guides,  tumb- 
liog  over  logs  and  through  swamps,  wa 
iUnd  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Marcy,  a  cata- 
ract and  a  wall  before  us.  We  com- 
Tdence  the  ascent^  winding  our  zigang 
path  hero  and  tliere,  now  on  the  brow 
of  the  cliff  hnggiDg  the  mountain,  now 
in  tlie  g<5rgo,  ^liut  oat  almost  from  the 
light  of  day ;  now  crawling  npon  our 
tKinds  and  knees,  and  slow  work  at  tliat, 
wedging  onr  way  through  the  thick 
bmsh  ;  uow  pitching  forward,  leaping  a 
chasm  or  treading  a  frail  tree  bridge. 
Tlie  rooks  are  steep,  the  trees  and  litubs 
are  thick  ;  now  walking,  now  rolling,  wo 
gradually  progress  upwards.  ThtJ  trees 
grow  thinner  and  emaller.  The  [tines 
and  firs  that  below  were  one  hundred 
feet  high,  are  now  but  fifty.  It  w*as  sum- 
mer at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  here  tt 
is  spring.  As  we  go  fur  Eh  en  we  find 
nothing  but  shrubs,  TIte  tall  fir  tree  has 
dwindled  down  to  a  piginy  of  a  few 
inches  in  height.  Wo  go  on  till  vegot^i- 
tiiin  ceases  J  the  rocks  are  bare;  cold 
winds  sweep  along;  it  is  almost  winter. 
We  have  g^jne  back  two  seasons  in  a  few 
!  I  ours.  Wo  cry  aloud,  hot  are  scarcely 
heard ;  there  is  no  edn>  here — nothinif 
mcet^  the  sonnd,  it  pa=>^s  froni  us  and 
never  returns.  What  a  hindsca{>e  is 
hare  I  we  hound  tiie  horizsm  on  either 
side  with  a  circle  of  fuur  hundred  miles* 
A  deuse  fog  has  settled  down  betweeii 
the  hills  and  filled  ap  the  valleys;  noUi- 
ing  viable  but  the  tops  of  the  mountainj. 
It  looks  like  a  va>it  ocean,  witli  nnniber- 
less  pyrntnidal  islands  ficattcred  about. 
Nay,  yonder  in  the  ea.'it,  are  the  Green 
Monntains  of  Vermont,  that  seem  to 
ilretch  up  tlieir  heads  just  far  enough  to 
meet  the  sky  and  seem  neighbors  to  tho 
stars.  Extending  towards  iin^  nortli, 
are  tfie  islands  In  Lake  ClmrM[ilitin,  and 
tlic  hllU  otf  toward  iho  Can  ad  as.  Near- 
er autl  she  (tiring  np  to  various  hciglit^ 
fire  tlie  ranges  of  the  gre£Lt  plaleftu.  But 


the  curtain  of  fog  ia  being  liAcd  up ;  renti 
here  and  there  give  a  ghinpse  ol  thi.* 
green  forests  helow«  A  Uttle  wljile  ani] 
the  sky  is  clear;  we  look  down  n*»w 
npon  the  wide  forests,  extending  m  f^r 
as  the  eye  can  reach.  In  ev«ry  diree* 
tion  they  are  seamed  with  rivers,  ^ow» 
ing  down  frotn  the  mountains,  and  cours- 
ing along  till  they  are  lost  in  tlie  tndl,'?' 
tinct  distance.  An  interesting  feature 
of  the  view  is  tho  number  of  lakes  tliat 
are  reposing  quietly,  protected  by  walk 
of  rock  and  forest,  that,  near  at  hand, 
are  spread  out  like  sheets  of  silver,  clear 
and  unbroken,  while  at  a  distance  they 
btHiume  mere  white  i^pecks  or  lines,  siir- 
rounded  by  deep  green.  The  ditlercnt 
species  of  trees  display  a  varied  foLijjge, 
mingling  a  dark  row  of  evtrgreon  with 
tiie  orange  and  golden  hues  of  the  decidu- 
ous, while  the  tall  tops  of  the  pi  no  and 
fir  shoot  alKjve  tlie  rest,  to  teH  of  their 
locality  and  first  greet  the  lun.  We  can 
see  the  light  cloud  beneath  us,  while  m 
fiiiadow  moves  over  the  forest  tops  like 
a  thing  of  life ;  nature  is  bore  in  her  pri- 
meval beauty  and  eplendor. 

Go  w*ith  me  to  the  Adirondack  or  In* 
diflu  Pass,  It  lies  about  twelve  miles 
westerly  of  Mt.  Miircy,  between  Mt. 
Mclntyre  and  Wall  faced  Houniaiij;  a 
deep  gorge  dividing  the  one  from  the 
other,  w!iile  the  mo  nutans  have  shrunk 
back  as  if  a  mighty  hand  had  laid  its  in- 
terdict upon  them,  Jjoose  rocks  cov^r 
the  bottom.  From  here  one  of  th^  bran- 
ches of  the  Hudson  takes  its  rl^e.  Pa^s* 
ing  up  the  aisle  as  it  were,  scattci'cd 
over  with  boulders  some  thirty  or  forty 
feet  in  diameter,  at  one  point  a  crois 
fissure  opens,  down  which  gurgles  a  ca* 
taract.  W©  dare  not  follow  it,  natnro  is 
too  rough  for  us  there.  At  another 
point,  there  opens  a  dark  cavern,  yawn- 
ing to  the  siglit^  that  cannot  peQetrate  It* 
mystcriea.  ^he  rock  rises  at  one  side 
about  one  thousand  feet,  and  for  Ihree- 
quartera  of  a  milo  it  is  in  no  place  less 
than  500  feet  in  perpendicular  heig!jt. 
Standing  beside  It,  we  can  re^allze  nur 
utier  insignifi evince,  feel  that  we  nro  bvit 
an  atom  in  the  mid^t  of  such  tremen- 
dous sublimity,  Lookiojj  upward,  it 
i^eenvs  bending  over  im — we  treinbl<> — our 
hearts  beat  fast,  and  the  w^andcrinj^  eye 
OXfHUcts  to  see  tlie  rocks  nniti     '  -. 

A  bdi  only  of  the  sky  is  vieit  b 

of  the  meridian  sun  are  never  kj,  jji  j (i. 
Jn   tlie   ore  vices  are   occasional   &hriibs 
fixed,  wanutf  tlieir  leaves  in     ''^   .-.-",/. 
pendence,  while  a  mt>re  [irot 
ting  crag  has  caught  soil  >iih]  gu 


n*  Wiid^  of  liTorihBm  Mm  York, 


W1 


«M«rii  to  fQ]ii>of t  ji  nilddto-«ijE«tl  ix^ 
Chii  in  growing  1m?g«  the  rock  an4 
dboote  or«r  iht  ftbyit.  StftDding  Abovo 
mi  looiiDg  down^  w«  get  another  view 
«f  Iht  Fmi,  tnorv  t  h  r  i  1 1  j  j  t  g,  perliii{^»»  nior^ 
fmp«ii&tUi^    lit   f!iv^   iMJi^'rty  IK^wc^  thiit 

tyn.     J  e'^'^  "^^  dept)^ 

an  boUi  «ietiii9tiii  of  Urn  Bublime.  Hero 
V#  lttT0  tii#tn,  n&iJ  t^^ldcd  thereto  m  ei^ 
wmn/t  uC  toiitiil^  *ud  [tower,  that  cati 
fiad  ibe  moimtfttiu  and  Eicalt^r  the  e&rth 
l»  iloiM — *  gra&dear  and  aa  Drerawiag 
oMMlij,  tiut  hardly  mod  Uietr  equal 
k  tUi  kndt  and  which  the  far  famed 
Alp*  ol  8wit£i£t-laTid  harJlj  exaclf  as  an 
<rf  fK»W6rfui    tliougb    rough 


» 


I  flblbw  me  to  ih^  Acemtf  of  Bar 
It  h  iiittiftt4fd  lit  tha  centra 
jf  lk«  fMl  plateau,  midway  b«tWL*f?Q  the 
Hwiifl  Slid  tii6  Mooae  Kiver  laktiL 
iBttillfUaii  mllfafrom  Loq|;  LaJci^  sua 
twiB^  from  the  mountains  caat.  Down 
lito  iti  doar  cryfttiU  watx^rs  jau  can  tee 
loaa  tweQtf  or  thirty  Ibet,  whila  above, 
fb»  tbmt  |mr«  air  ley  oat  look  farther 
ttfWMd  lie«vafi*  Tlie  lake  b  noted  far  itt 
IffMkr  ihoriL  Jutting  out  and  aeLting 
kacE  ooatlnoaUy;  ooDttantlj  revealiDg 
mmukd  Ita  proniontoriea  new  lakee,  new 
timm  ittd  new  ieeQe&.  Jnal  aa  in  pBas- 
iffg  Dp  n  moiiatain*  ^aoh  hill  teetns  the 
M|  tboQgh  the  top  fi  mrer  reached. 
tWeitrfiiae  ia  oheokcred  and  dotted  with 
idMid%  lllleeo  or  twenty  id  number,  of 
#fm  alMipat  and  aiee*,  that  fina  hera 
«d  Ui«r»  like  the  naiads  of  antiqnitji 
vllb  tlid?  green  mantlea  on  and  waving 
mmt^  If  flutitadfti  of  the  (1  tioy  tribes  are 
Mvtla^  In  the  depth*,  wild  aad  active. 
lit^ng  the  gamea  of  Uieir  apeckled 
■jamaw,  while  at  a  di^tairce  and  near 
Ike  abore  m  white  neckcsd  d^er  ia  leen 
Ua  pan  ting  aldM,  feirleai  of  tho 
%or  the  iiratifer  tmxL  Akive, 
^  ia  the  air  in  ehmrieteri^tic  but 
DflOi  eirclfa^  U  the  grey  eagle  or  ihh 
ktwk^  wateyng  with  k^en  eye,  n^ady  to 
dm  upon  lis  Insoeeiii  prey.  Froui  the 
tnttsh,  Ihe  ground  h  *'  ■ '-  -  *'-ing  np  to 
IS  antpliitkattfe  of  I  d  with  a 

llikk  nrwiltif  ir,  mpn. i^iu^  nun- 

^•4  wiiii  tlie  mapLv  and  bt^eek  Tbere 
«e  sosnerou^'  Inuilirj^'-placea  about  the 
itDs,  vhcr*  ^ ,  recedlog,  leavea  a 

itiom  df  Kii  ;  «'bble«^  wTiKe  ihtm 

vn  many  «3uv<»  aod  bays  and  bidine- 
ylse»s  where  the  for^  thnk^  han& 
Vftb  ibe  Uk«^ltivin;(ft«'r'nr  '  ^^lld 

tel«sfiil  bcaaty  and  varii :  ,  "ow- 

'|M;  ^Sisg  the  ahom  with  the  uptry* 


pointed  ciedar,  the  light  waTing  tamu'ttok 
and  the    pyramidal   fir.     Away  to  the 

eai^l^  rise  in  m^'e^ty  tkc  Blue  Mountaina, 
som*?  twenty  miles  distant,  toward  which 
the  inten^ening  hills  eeem  roUinff  till 
there  they  have  formed  a  barrier.  Bland 
upon  the  shore  of  Eaquette  Lake  nt  the 
clo90  of  some  quiet  aiimmcr^a  ^y,  luid 
wateli  the  ma  Binking  in  go1den'»plen- 
dor»  while  it  throws  ita  rays  up  the 
valley  of  the  lakes:  now  striking  In  fall 
array  upon  the  calm  enrfaoe  of  the 
wateri  making  it  seem  lit  ap  with  bright 
ail  very  fire  above  and  below,  as  the  reflec- 
tions multiply  the  strange,  vivid  stvlen- 
dor ;  now  ri^io^^  above  the  mirror  sneet| 
marking  and  gilding  the  rows  of  trees* 
Now,  as  the  shadow  sinks  down  upon 
the  lake,  mark  Uie  circling  Uoe  of  Ughti 
retreating  up  the  hill  and  tnountaln, 
crecf)iog  up  higher  and  still  higher,  as  if 
a  apirlt,  with  life  and  motion ;  liiihtly 
tonehing  the  growing  spires  in  its  way, 
till  the  rays,  gatliering,  form  a  coronet 
of  light,  that  crowns  the  bare,  grey* 
headed  motmtiiiu.  Then  it  is  lifted  up, 
and  the  &«a]  of  night  i»  seL 

Or  stuy  later,  till  the  qoten  of  niifht 
has  thrown  over  us  her  chilly  mantle ; 
when  the  stars,  that  at  first  came  ont, 
bright  and  numberlees,  now  have  altnoit 
all  cohered  their  faces  in  the  presence  of 
tlie  night  rult>r ;  when  stillness  hm  set- 
tled down  and  only  the  Bhrill  cry  of  the 
lt>on  now  nnd  then  piercei  the  ear ;  when 
the  take  ii  awfully  caliU|  and  the  shadows 
of  tbe  trees  and  hiUji  border  it, — shadows 
distinct  and  f^^rmleAs  enough  to  bo  the 
black  genii  of  the  wild^^.  And  when  ths 
tnoou  goes  down  and  I  be  clouds  eoni^ 
over,  then  float  for  deer,  and  w^ith  ibm 
magnet  of  a  bright  light  in  yonr  boW| 
yon  can  approacli  seoorebr  the  wild  in- 
habitiints  of  the  forest.  The  glare  fixet 
their  ga«e,  and  thej  see  nonght  el^. 

There  are  several  inlets  to  the  lake, 
whcr*  the  fre^h^  cool  water  otimea  in, 
attracting  thither wurd  tlie  trout,  rt?ady 
for  the  fiaherman'ft  ttkilL  One  lh»tn 
the  aiati  firaai  tlie  Eckfonl  chain  of  lakea; 
another  f!N>nt  the  south ;  another  fhim 
the  we«t,  lending  to  Furked  Lake,  ind 
thence  by  a  ihort  portage  to  the  Mooae 
River  watcri. 

If  yon  a^k  for  stomi  and  terror,  be 
here  when  the  cluuds  gather  ab<:»ut  Uio 
hills,  tiife  Hi^htninfr  ]My*  ftT^nut  their  fnm* 
mits,  an'  'id  re*«?choc* 

from  cj  :  and  deptli, 

ai^d  hack  h^hh  u  tbuujuuid  hills;  wutn 
tbo  wind  roUi  up  the  huge  wavea,  etpi 
them  with  ibaui;  when  the  Umhi  wm 


ikd 


Witds  of  Mrthem  N'm  York 


eraekling  and  ttie  tr^es  ai-e  fallmf ,  wolrea 
howHug  Bud  the  lone  eiiglo  ftlirieking; 

"Watch  tbe  lightiiJn^  dari  Hke  iwiiloira, 
Roumd  the  broodljig  thumder  e4y«  j" 

And  llien  be  cQlm,  if  yoti  can,  when 
nature  is  not. 

In  anew  or  to  the  questinn^  What  u 
this  f?ar&  of  (A0  State  good  for^  ^Jiat 
d^m  it  produce  f  we  wotild  speak  first 
of  its  mineral  prodiictioDS,  iron  in  par- 
ticalar.  In  order  to  do  so  with  clearnesSi 
we  maat  generalize  somewhat  on  its  geo- 
logical character. 

There  are  two  great  diviaona  of  rocks; 
Primary,  or  those  that  were  first  formed, 
and  Sedtmentarj,  or  those  that  were 
seated  or  deposited  above  the  other, 
forming  regular  layers^  which  are  termed 
ajfltems  an^l  groups.  Now  these  primary 
rock?,  which  are  naturally  below  tlie 
others,  Jiavo  been  uphove  by  Tolcaiiic 
agencies^  so  as  to  form  the  Adirondaclc 
range  of  mountains^  composed  principal- 
ly of  granite,  h^perstliene,  a  kind  of 
granite  and  gneiss.  Forming  a  circle 
about  this,  corao  the  sedimentary  rocka 
in  sysrtcma.  Through  the  hyperathene 
rock,  which  is  composed  of  labrador 
felspar  and  the  mineral  hjpcrtheoe, 
mostly  the  former,  of  a  smoke-gray  color, 
of  which  the  greater  part  of  the  eleva- 
tions is  composed,  is  scattered  almost  any 
quantity  of  iron  ore ;  the  magnelic  oxide, 
as  it  is  called,  distinguished  from  other 
minerals  by  the  magnet,  of  black  color, 
in  masses  of  Tarious  dimensions;  some 
mouoiaina  being  overlaid  and  nnderlaid 
with  it*  It  is  found  in  Esaei,  the  south* 
ern  part  of  Ftankliu,  and  east  of  St,  Law- 
renee.  Some  veins  have  been  opened, 
giving  an  ore  comparatively  pure*  and 
sometimes  of  a  Bni>eriot  quality.  These 
masses  arc  unlimited  in  number  and  ex- 
tern, abonndlng  m  this  hypers  thane  rock 
of  the  primary?'  form  at  ion »  There  is  here, 
then,  an  unfailing  source  of  a  mineral  of 
nnmherlesB  practical  uses.  Grapliitc,  or 
black  lead,  is  also  found  here.  In  St. 
Lawrence  is  found  the  specular  oxide  of 
iron,  which  is  meetly  in  valleys,  and 
beneath  a  group  of  sandstone;  a  red 
powder  or  mosj^bog  ore  is  also  found, 
though  not  so  extensively,  There  are 
ako  mines  of  lead  and  galena,  the  veins 
of  which  run  east  and  west»  while  the 
iron  veins  run  north  and  south. 

The  forests  of  this  region  are  a  source 
of  profit.  In  fact  they  furnish  its  pna- 
eipal  export,  T)iey  are  cottpoaed  prin- 
cipally of  spruce,  pine,  bal^im^  fir,  and 
^mr^  while  rarer  are  the  pl*na»  dwnrf- 


oaV,  butternut,  olLestnnt,  tam&ract, 
cherry,  beech,  maple,  ash^  ftnd  hickonr. 
The  best  of  these  are  being  continually 
culled  out,  especially  those  neitr  the 
streamaj  cut  down  in  winter,  and  at  the 
spring  freshets  floated  down  to  the  faw- 
mills  and  the  markets.  Milhons  of  feet 
of  lumber  are  thus  taken  every  year  from 
the  border  forest,  while  the  central  por- 
tions are  comparatively  nntoQohea — i 
future  resource  for  a  very  profitable  kind 
of  industry.  The  rivers  are  made  the 
highways,  a  rapid  and  cheap  method  of 
conveyance.  In  the  highest  ^tpint 
regions  are,  of  plants,  the  Alpine  willow- 
herb  and  bilberry,  the  Lapland  diapensini 
and  others  peculiar  to  the  dime»  rein- 
deer-raoss  and  lichens.  Snow  stays  on 
till  midsammer,  and  water  freezes  overy 
night  in  the  year. 

This  region  abounds  in  game  of  ali 
kmdi.  The  deer  are  the  most  numerous. 
There  are  also  the  moose,  bear,  panther, 
wolf,  wildcat^  fisher,  beaver,  racoon, 
wolverine^  mjnck.  fosL,  black,  red,  strii>ed, 
atid  flying  s^^trlrrel^  poreupine,  mbbit^ 
and  others.  Of  the  fur-heanng,  rAre  hi 
presentj  are  the  sahle^  fisher,  ana  beaver. 
The  deer  are  of  the  highest  int^re&t  U> 
the  ranger  sportsman*  These  are  fotind 
quite  common  J  especially  ahont  the  lakea 
in  fsnmmer.  Innocent,  beautiful,  and 
swift-footed,  the  keen  eye  of  ttie  hunter^ 
and  the  swifter  rifie-ball  overtalce  many 
a  one.  This  may  be  sport,  bot  when 
you  come  to  the  hungry  panther  and  the 
loving  bear  the  sport  is  all  the  other  way, 
Mooic  are  occasionally  fonnd  eight  ft^t 
high,  bodies  small  In  oompari son  with 
their  long  and  slender  legs.  TUeir  homa 
sometimes  are  four  feet  across,  Irom  tip 
to  tip,  being  flat,  broad,  and  branching. 
They  outrun  all  dogs  and  men,  and  ar« 
taken  only  by  superior  cunning- 

Tbe  streams  are  fuU  of  fish,  especially 
the  brook,  lake,  and  salmon  troui,  vary^ 
ing  in  weight  from  an  ounce  to  thirty 
or  forty  pounds.  So  that  with  deer 
in  the  forest  and  trout  In  the  stream,  th# 
sportsman  may  well  he  satisfied. 

Of  fowls,  are  the  wild  dnck^  the  loon, 
Ihe  spruce  groujic.  Of  blrda,  the  eagle, 
the  raven,  the  Canada  jay,  togelher  with 
the  common  specie. 

Of  the  agricultural  resonroes  of  th!« 
region,  hut  little  is  escperi mentally  known. 
Well  watered,  it  is  liable  to  unseasonable 
frosts  and  cold  snowy  winters.  In  soinB 
parts,  the  surface  is  steep,  rocky  and 
barren,  as  where  it  is  underlaid  by  llw 
primitive  rocks.  In  other  partly  Xhk 
sharp  corners  Are  worn  off  by  time,  th« 


16^4.J 


Th4  Wmi  ^  Nwihern.  Ntw  York, 


260 


lyir&oe  isrollinir  and  well  adapted  to  pa*- 
Icrlaid  by  the  soft  sba]e» 
t|ji^  ']ecaving,  of  whaUver 

htlb  of  fiond  and  ^ave^  show  ih^  aHuvml 
(kfKm^  The  goll  gives  e'baracter  to  tli© 
•oeaer^.  The  alluvial  grow^  the  plana 
b  With  ni4Q J  laaves  and  wide  branches ; 
^  soil,  the  yellow  pine  and  dwMf  oak ; 
>  soil,  the  bntternut.  The  grasses 
wHl  floumli  tQ  «pite  of  the  variable  tern- 
peralnre,  and  hence  give  the  country  a 
capacity  for  grazing.  In  the  higher  sec- 
tion^ the  primary  granite  and  labrado- 
rite,  dlfantegratin^  atid  decaying^  fr^nn, 
aiteratimej  a  klDdof  clay^  that  mingling 
vnxh  lt»6  9KDd  aad  gravel  of  the  drift  or 
O-lASilSoii  system,  fonnB  in  the  valley i 
and  bj  tlie  eonrse^t  of  the  streams  a  pro- 
dttotive  iOi)-  Ridges  or  veins  of  liine* 
are  found  in  some  parts,  out  of 
regulsr  order,  bat  which,  aplit  np 
I  entobled  by  the  action  of  ihe  water 
la  tbe  teauns,  and  the  temperature,  give  a 
'  I  i^eeded  eletneot  to  the  ^oU.  Beds 
of  peat|  or  m  they  are  sotnetimes  called, 
iii«ck'4wamp9^  are  occasionally  founds 
beds  of  former  late:*,  that  constat 
iasea  of  decayed  veget^blt?  matter, 
»  water  plants,  tronk^,  leaves  and 
oi  treei^  and  a  growth  of  moss. 
beda  of  peat  are  moat  asefnl  in 
Jtiire.  The  sandstone  of  the  tcr- 
r system  surround^  but  does  not  per- 
£c»ixinch  extent  tlda  region.  The 
loil  geiaendly  about  the  Etrearn^  lakc^ 
mil  lower  hilU  is  aoch,  that  properly 
Inprof  ed«  wHl  yield  a  handsoino  recoui- 
ffam  to  the  labor  of  Uie  fortner.  It 
^nidootn  Oflt^  peas^  barley,  rye  and 
^rUe^,  of  which  the  first  two  are  con- 
ilsst  eropS|  and  the  others  beat  ju^t  atVer 
tlie  groand  ii  deared.  The  seiL'^n  is  not 
baig  Qooagh  for  corn.     At  present  the 

Ftb  Oft  timber  h  most  noticed,  hut 
Hte(f,  when  the  forests  have  snak 
fiided  away,  then  the  fnrtner, 
*i  y  and  skill,  may  reap  a  rich 

There  are  teveral  ways  of  access  to 
thii  region.  Yon  can  go  from  Bamtoga 
biags  to  Gkn.4  Falb»  to  Lake  George, 
maee  aome  thirty  miles  over  Sprnce 
Ham^o  to  OheeteiT  and  Schrooa  Lake; 
Cfawi  tbrough  the  woods  some  thirty 
mile*  to  Long  Idike,  or  the  Adironf^ack 
Iran  Worita,  Uien  twenty  mlleR  of  forest 
10  Mount  3£arcy. 

Of  you  eon  jbQow  up  Saranao  rivet 
(hMB  Flaltsbiirg  to  the  Saranac  Lakes, 
tbfD  on>5a  over  a  ahert  distance  to  the 
SaqneUa  iiTer,  il&ea  np  the  Eaic^uetie 


rtver  to  Long  Lake.  Or  jon  c^i  atari 
from  Lowville^Lewi^  County,  fromwldch 
place  there  is  a  road  or  a  place  for  one, 
direct  to  Raquette  Lake^  a  distance  of 
nearly  eixty  miles  in  a  nortli-eaaterly 
direction,  passing  through  Herkimer 
Ooonty,  near  I-ake  No.  4.  There  is  a 
roote  on  the  soutljern  side  by  way  of 
New  Amsterdam  and  Lake  Pleasant, 

There  is  another  roote  still  and  proba- 
bly the  best  one.  Starting  from  Boon* 
viUej  Oneida  county,  or  Port-Leyden, 
Lewis  eonnty,  f];oing  north-easterly 
across  Mnose  river,  to  Brown's  Tract, 
some  35  miles;  then  following  up  a  chain 
of  lake^^  eight  in  number,  connected  to- 
gether, forming  a  boat  communication 
nearly  all  the  way.  From  Eighth  Lake, 
yon  most  carry  your  boat  about  two 
miles  and  then  strike  the  Baguette  waters. 

John  Brown's  Tract  has  something  of 
a  histj>ry  connected  with  it.  More  than 
fifty  years  ago,  John  Brown,  Governor 
of  Rhode  Island,  brmght  200,000  acres  ot 
wild  land  in  Herkimer  and  Ilamilton 
Coimtlea,  uear  the  waters  of  Moose  river, 
for  the  purpose  of  opening  aod  carrying 
on  tlie  iron  lousiness.  A  colony  was  sent 
on^  3,000  acres  cleared  up,  r^n%  of  iron 
ore  found  and  opened^  a  Ictrge  bo  lit.  But 
the  mines  were  not  m  prod  active  as  ex- 
pectedn^  soil  cold,^ — mncn  money  was  ex* 
peuded  without  a  return  or  prospect  of 
one.  The  overseer,  sent  on  by  Gov, 
Brown,kilJe*l!utnsolf,  tlie settlers  became 
discouraged,  and  the  place  was  nbandon- 
eJ.  At  present,  one  family  by  name 
of  Arnold  live  there^  occupying  i^ome 
2,000  acres,  run  over  with  foot  shrubs  and 
wild  grasses.  The  place  loti^ks  desolate, 
and  has  not  the  freshness  of  nattire  or 
the  culture  of  man  to  enliven  it.  The 
ruined  forge,  the  broken  trees  and  the 
eddying  wind  tell  of  loneliness. 

Yet  there  is  mneb  in  this  region  to 
draw  b  idler  ward  the  pleasiure-loving^ 
many  inducements  for  the  money -loving* 
We  can  retire  from  tbe  busy  world,  away 
from  its  noise  and  tutuult,  its  cares  and 
perplexities.  We  can  liere  invigorate 
tj;e  body  with  he^dtliful  and  pleasant  ex- 
ercise, with  the  pure  air  and  the  fresh 
breeze*  We  can  charm  the  imagination 
with  beantiful  sctnery,  tlie  calm  lake, 
the  towering  mountain,  tlie  gorgeous 
sunset,  the  wave  tops  of  the  forest  ocean. 
We  can  feast  the  intelleet  on  the  subli- 
mity of  the  heights  and  depths,  on  the 
displays  of  the  mighty  power  of  nature,  on 
tlie  works  of  an  arlist^that  has  just  put  the 
finishing  on  and  spread  over  them  the 
canopy  of  heaven.    But  in  a  few  yenrs. 


^ 


210 


Literature  of  Almamet, 


fcScpt. 


the  railroad  with  its  iron  web  will  bind 
the  free  forest,  tb©  lakes  will  lose  their 
solitude,  t!ie  deer  and  moose  will  go  to  a 
safer  resort,  the  eagle  aod  the  raven  leave 
their  aceostomed  haunts,  and  men  with 


a^e  and  spade  will  work  out  a  revoltitiotK 
Uealibj  pleasure  and  improvenieot  are 
ita  products  now;  ©o  will  they  make 
stronger  for  actire  life  the  band,  the 
heart  and  miod. 


LITERATURE    OF    ALMANACS- 


A    DIALOQITB    BETWEEK  FlSOATOii  AStO  ALOOFEISAS    NASl£%  JR.,  AT  TBS   0LSai 
HOUSZf  WfllTK  MOUyTAUfS.1  ^LT,   1854. 

"  A  calead&ir  L  A  e&leadAr !  look  tn  Cba  KlmRDark !  And  rol  a»iii!ibae !  Aad  out  moouMoe  \"'^^<moMt 
ih  Midfummgr  MgM't  i>r«ii«,  Ad,  %d  Scetu  If*. 


PlflCATOB. — Confound  all  almanacs  I  say 
I,  I  never  knew  one  which  told  the  truth* 
— This  '*  Old  Farmer's,''  dow  predicts  fine 
weather  during  Uiia  entire  week^  and 
says  the  sun  rose  to-day  at  4h.  S4:m., 
and  that  there  is  a  fall  moon,  while  on  each 
of  the  three  da^^s  that  my  flies  have  been 
nest  tog  here,  1  have  deprived  tuyself  of 
natund  rest  at  most  injurious  early  boors, 
an<l  not  had  a  glimpse  of  Bun&liine  or  of 
aojthiiig  but  raiD|  rain,  rain,  and  of  the 
di^^QSting  cockneys,  who  come  np  here  in 
their  holiday  dresses — 

A.  N.  Jn. — It  seems  you  have  fonnd 
plenty  of  moonshine,  then. 

PiscATOR. — Moonshine?  I  don*t  be- 
lieve either  sun  or  moon  ever  show  them- 
selves here ;  and  what  the  use  of  nltna-^ 
nacs  can  be  to  these  3>eoplo,  where  one 
day  is  just  hke  another,  1  can't  conceive, 

A.  N.  Jn.— I  will  tell  ym.  My  dear 
fellow — take  another  cigar  and  be  quiet 
— Almanacs,  under  such  clrcurastanees, 
are  parti cularly  intended  for  the  moral 
discipline  of  fidgetty  Piscatory,  like  your- 
self^ who  are  caught  in  a  country  inn 
during  a  long  rainstorm.  It  is  to  bring 
them  to  that  ultimate  stale  of  human 
wisdom  and  patience  attained  by  those 
eminent  star-gazers,  King  Solomon  and 
CorneEii5  Agrippa,  when  they  WToto 
their  treatises,  ''^  De  Ineeititudine  et 
Yanitate  Omnium  Scientiarum  et  Ar- 
tium;* 

But,  seriously,  the  Almanac  h  worthy 
of  your  great  respect.  Tho  antiquity  of 
ita  family  h  higher  than  that  of  the  Dio 
tionary  or  Speliing'book,  ItJs  the  re- 
presentative of  tiio  old  oracles;  the  do* 
flcendant  of  many  Pagan  creeds  and  ma- 
glo  riles;  premier ving  in  tlie  names  of  the 
day  (I  the  mcmorv  of  our  ancient  Saxon 
god%  LO  the  tttlea  af  Che  montiiS)  tbo 


Romatf  mythology^  and  in  the  astro  noml- 
cal  signs  and  figures,  Chaldean  and  Egyp- 
tian lore. 

It  is  a  treasury  of  vulgar  superstitiom 
and  popular  eiTors^  no  less  than  of  pro- 
gressive science  and  useful  arts :  and  the 
imagination  js  refreshed  in  this  Age  of 
Irou  by  the  Ijarmlei^s  nonrisljment  it  con- 
tinues to  supply  to  the  yearnings  of  hn* 
man  nature  for  something-  eupernatural 
and  above  reason,  and  ly  its  encourage- 
men!  of  tlmse  customs  and  feelings  of 
heathenish  origin  which  daily  appear  in 
our  ceremonies  and  language. 

It  liBs  long  been  acknowledged  as  part 
of  the  law  of  tlie  land,  of  which  the 
Courts  will  take  judicial  notice, 

PisoATtm. — Ceitainly.  Here  is  a  pre- 
cedent. There  was^  not  long  n^^  an  old 
miigistrate  in  my  county  who  used  toajd- 
minister  tlie  Culbolio  oath  to  JriBbincn 
upon  an  ancient  American  Almanae 
which  had  b^n  upon  his  desk  till  it  had 
^wn  dingy  enough  to  [>aaa  for  a  school 
Testament.  The  Bar  supposed  tJiis  ac* 
coimted  fur  the  exuberant  inniginalloEi 
nmnireated  in  the  testimony  of  thorn 
witnesse?,  and  for  the  alacrity  with  which 
they  established  date^,  necom  mo  dated 
th ems*. Ives  to  times,  and  accounted  for 
occurences.  And  vou  cannot  have  for- 
gotten the  Knickerbocker  babad: 

**  It  wm  S^m  Mnti^  the  nshfrasjui, 

Bta  lift*,  upon  M*  Aftruitti« 

A  -  k . 

■  Oil  itcen  f>r  llfjLT«n/ 

W.L ,  ...    :  I'f  ^iiuX 

*Tb«t  i  tntkj  have  ifooti  luck  iL^nlfhl, 
Ami  e*ldt  tt  itnil  ot  cUfiis,* " 


A.  If.  jR.--^Wein 
Aliminao  tanks  jujct 


I  maintain  that  the 
to  tl-e  Biblv^ttMtl 


1851. 


Likmtun  of  AhnansA 


2T1 


V 


to  tli»  BJlik,  It  !^  l|j«  %oQk  incMit  univer- 

Mllir   *v  ^   aod    lno^t    friH.1T  I  etitly 

ir,  the  Tillap 

!iiiil  the  dum* 

Arii- 

!  'Ur- 

,-  4.. ,  .„.  ,»  ^Jma* 

Qio  aiMt  ilieeNUinaDai?«/'  Uf  these  riv- 
rifdfli^iiMiif  ir«  specially  adapted  to 
ijjBkrmd  ck'^isoa  of  tiuinkind;  there  wt^ 
lW  **  Amcricaii*'  mill '"  Briti:-!!**  Almftnam 
f^  tli«  men  of  fiietM ;  tbij  Nauticftl  At- 
ffir  r!fivig!it.»rs  and  ft§trfmi>- 
nds'ioox'c  dca  Tcffis^"  for 
nth  mtant* ;  the  "  Al* 


u 
tt 

use  nrn  oi : 


a\j  yuria/'  t>r  thinker vs  and  gia- 

its;  ti»0  '^^Almonack   Ce«  L<irot- 

ror  0ttr  young  medlcjil  frtPtida  at 

for  iho  fiiJlway  tntvdlr^amJ  llie 
**  AlmviA^'lc  desGourinari^!:-,*'  lor  yon  and 
nti  Ui  jajr  noUxlug  of  ficcttirian,  ntid 
kod  pIctwHar  tlfioaikaet,  of  those 
i  for  tho  idT«rtiM<tnenl  of  quack 
■rfMii«  or  tiio  grent  nuinber  of  Miiall 
il^W  BO  QMl  alter  tboif  ycar^  fir  out  of 
tJj«r  tnrn  province :  but  noiii*  cif  thos^ 
W  bt  fi«  company]  iii  e^tiitjatiori  U>  the 
fWMcvliU  tvpo  of  ttie  taniily,  tho  old- 
iilildfiftil,  rJi^*/!!*,  y*nf>ti|jir  nhnun/io,  full 


111 

llif-irif.^    t-Tir. 


r4*c!rieff  nnd   rid- 

d  atid  tt^ioidtuml 

rnut<>d,   with     its 

i^f  *^  iuif«;et'^,  holy* 

*        ^^    vtj  which 

1^  wiiid* 

-  wockI* 

ftir  tho 

'  J  ibk'  pic* 

II  i'  till!  ainuuinck,"  tiv4 

■  ■■or  hj  Afiuih  linift  nin- 

r    f^fiTTti   cff  Cismtni,  Virgo, 

A  of  almnnac  wr* 

.  'U 1 3  y ,  nwd  w  h  icli  c  v  c»r V - 
Co  tie  a  pli'^Hnnt  and 

'    -    '  '    -^    ..mo 

."II- 

iia- 

MWlBit  IMte;   Ui...  :..  ^TC^ 

iirvvrf  ^iiotijcilQi»etmhitiri  uf  i^Jcrirynicn 

I) 

fti 

tirwa   ^uU   £ian«h   Lmti^r^f  Miiii   o/  nuv^h 


es$«  I  if 

!^  ■ 
il 

t 
I. 


nrWiil  «t|*r.^^x 

It  09 


tooteorulo^cal  detaib  as  uiif^ht  perhaps 
afford  uieartj  of  jirtrdictliig  the  weatlier 
In  future  year^  oxactJy  enough  to  stilt 
oven  you. 

PisoiTOB, — The  Eenne^baak  AUonnac 
was  the  wisest  and  most  reliable  one  ev«c 
published.  Instead  of  th£»  usual  prophe- 
eii^  that  bad,  inttrllaed  along  lU  pagi-s^ 
ihv  »eni0nces  "About — thia--tJiDe,— ei- 
f*eei— m  a  A  i — weatl  i  ©r ; '  *  an  d  for  i\  i  e  ne  1 1 
miiuth^  "^  Eatjycct  —  nnich  —  weatlicr  - 
abiiyt — ^tlii^^tiinc."  Old  Crawford,  on 
thti  othtT  fide  of  these  mountain*,  had 
I  lie  right  of  ir,  when  he  nscd  to  aiiHWcT 
the  euntiniial  qnestioos  addressed  to  hItL 
akiut  the  nmrrow's  weather,  by  su)  itig 
*Hhat  wa«»  uone  of  hm  bub!ue»^  ami  he 
didn't  inquire  into  it.**  And  old  pai's^tm 
U — .  was  ijot  very  wicktnl  when  Ise  UM 
hli*  congregati'JU  who  rtHjuesUHj  hitu  U^ 
ofll-r  lip  prayer*,  for  a  costal  km  i-f  nun, 
that  it  was  of  "  no  tiao  to  tiray  for  lair 
weather  until  the  wind  should  ^hift 
round  iunix  north-eut»t/* 

Depend  n(M>n  it^  sen^ihle  men  c*!'  all 
ngvA  have  rldifiuied  such  rtibbbh  a*t!ie*u 
stipe rr^titiou:*  book!^  eontahu  '  HabeUta 
iImI  m^  bravely  and  eireetnally^  in  the 
*  'Pa  n  tagrut  Un  ft  Prog  tim  fmi  titmi^  w  h  Ich 
exiHiI  those  of  Fathyr  Miller  hhnA**lf.  In 
iludihras  that  Hdlciile  i^  tlic  nmin  pur* 
(HJ*©  of  tho  de^ription  of  tlie  eunjnrwr 
who^ 


** Vttli  tM  iMwa  TM  tnon  t^ntUl^r, 

Tbiia  e*ff  iTM  ftSmiosfi  «tlt-»ttl«r ; 
tf«r  ■crri-'U  uriiltpTitnoil  m  ti\**tf 
Thuii  •miie  iKliuvmi  Im  btd  N<ra  UKn « 
|Ca#«  vti»n  ih*  wu  dm  att«tl  nhhmwI 
Fur  cutikiK  {r&riu,  or  IttUfiJt  I^1<mhI  ; 
Whi<th«>r  ihv  vjint  fam,  or  InrruLjife, 
Bftt  tv  *et  iK^T\k^  ttt  Ml*  pcAM  I 
II 0  iBodf  an  iDtlrtithfiil  %o  shQW 
If  tli«  iAO>L»n  iTilijf  it  aiU  m  no ; 

TrU  tttijii  brr  irain#it#r  lo  «ti  ttitti  la, 

And  |)fi»T«  th4l  ■Kts'i  o«l  m«4?  of  fRcn  etievw/ 

Bayte*!  0rrt  eonifd^rable  pnblication. 
**  MUoellanivnnH^^flt'Otioni^ixTHHinnvd  bj 
the  e<«riH"t  which  niiin^iired  in  M)^*!/*  tu 
wliich  Ife  fit' urns  to  thmht  *^  whether  peo- 
yile  w**re  n^t  mure  credidon*  in  Uh  a^ 
thaxi   ill   !'       '         ■''.'■  '*   toiMst 

thorriui:'  iho«? 

|»Q|vtil'ir  I  '■*»<» 

piu  in  If',  ,|.  :  iij 

or  plaint^r  tnnrk  ihun  '  'a 

iiIiJiiiMsvf     i.r*  dh  ti'irn    x^  !  '>^ 

ridi*d  III  .  4 


S7i 


JAitrature  nf  Almmmcs. 


[Sept. 


nftc.  It  is  a  pky  that  sucli  a  treasury  of 
e^Qomical  wit  Bhoutd  have  been  pub- 
lished only  t  went  J -five  years^  and  diat 
its  republication  in  ODf  owa  day  should 
be  alioo^t  uQBOlJced.  Wai  not  its  name 
assumed  in  imitation  of  the  c^elebratod 
*^  Poor  Robin's  Alruaiiao"  of  EDgland  t 
'*  Richard  and  Eobia  were  two  pretty 
men,'* 

A,  N.  Js.^Poor  Eobin'fl  example 
might  warrant,  any  imitation  which 
would  seen  re  an  equal  populaiitj.  His 
**  every  Robin  went  a  robbing''  with 
greAt  success  from  its  comiueu cement  in 
im^  nutil  it^end  in  1828. 

That  almanac  and  hs  fellows,  Moore's 
almanac,  and  Partridge's?,  which  were  all 
radely  ar^ed  down  by  the  serious  rea- 
soning of  the  "  SfKUly  for  th^  Diffu^iim 
qf  Useful  Knoicledge^'*  in  lljoir  ''  British 
Almanac  for  1829,"  had,  fur  two  ccn tu- 
nes enjoyed  a  vast  circulation  by  furnish- 
ing the  British  pnblio  with  a  coDstant 
supply  of  astrology  and  repetition  of  po- 
pular errors,  iluch  valuable  histoncal 
information  miglit  be  gathered  from 
them;  they  certainly  have  tuintribnted 
largely  to  the  material  of  Brande'a  Popu- 
lar AntiijintieS}  and  £o  tbosa  hngia  and 
entertaining  s^pecimeos  of  ftltnanac  litera- 
ture. Hone's  Year  Book,  Every-day  Book 
and  Table  Book. 

Hoore'a  Ahnanao,  which  %(^^\{\m  to  have 
been  ttie  greatest  favorite,  took  its  nilme 
ftom  the  repTtted  editor, "  Francis  Moore, 
|>hyFiciftn,"  whose  Hupposttitlous  longev- 
ity eiceetls  that  of  the  IJainous  J.  A.  Farina 
of  Cologne,  wjio  died  some  eichty  years 
ago.  The  original  Francis  Moore  died 
in  the  year  1724,  and  tliongh  his  success 
did  not  perpetuate,  like  Farina^g,  seventy 
rirala  fighting  for  his  name  in  his  own 
town,  yet,  in  London,  for  several  years 
preceding  1786,  there  were  two  hostile 
almaDacB,  one  published  by  the  Station- 
ers' Company',  and  the  other  by  **T. 
Carnan,  St.  TaaPs  Ohnrchyard,  eueh 
claiming  tr*  be  prepared  by  the  genuine 
Francis  Moore,  physician.  From  this 
arose  great  lawsuits,  and  a  warm  narlia- 
nientary  contest,  in  whk'h  the  ministers 
were  defeated,  and  the  existence  of  two 
Francis  Moore^s  legally  established,  as 
iipjjears*  by  a  curious  account  in  the 
*^  Political' Dictionary.*' 

*'  In  England,  James  I.  granted  a  mono- 
l>oly  of  the  trade  in  alnidnaca  to  the 
nniverstties  and  to  the  St  at  ion  era*  0\m\- 
nany,  and  under  their  patromiiye,  a^stro- 
logy  fluuriiihed  till  beyond  the  middle  cff 
the  lit^t  century /but  not  altogcihi^r  un- 
opposed ;  the  nimomus  atbick  of  Swifl, 


under  the  name  of  Bickerstaff,  npOB 
Partridge's  olnjanac,  is  well  known,  bot!j 
from  the  amufement  which  the  public 
derived  from  the  controversy  and  ll»e 
perpetuation  of  the  assumed  name  in 
**  the  Tatler."  But  though  Swift  stopped 
the  m  on  til  of  Partridge,  he  con]d  not 
destroy  the  corp<:)ration  under  whose  di* 
rection  the  almanac  was  published.  The 
Stationers^  Company  (for  the  univerfritieH 
were  only  passive,  having  accepted  an 
annuity  &om  their  colleagues,  and  re- 
signed any  active  exercise  of  their  privi- 
lege) found  another  Partridge,  as  good  a 
prophet  as  his  predecessor." 

**  The  Stationers'  Company  appears  to 
have  acted  from  a  simple  desire  to  gf  v© 
people  that  which  would  sell,  whether 
astrological  or  not ;  and  not  frmn  cniy 
peculiar  ium  for  prophti^  inh^'ent  m 
the  c&r^iorati&n.  Xliua,  even  in  1G24^ 
they  issued  at  the  aame  tune  tJie  u^nal 
predictions  in  one  almanac,  and  undif- 
guided  contempt  of  tbem  io  another,  ap- 
parently to  suit  all  tastes.*' 

*'ln  1775^  a  blow  was  struck  wLIeh 
demolUhed  llie  legal  monopoly.  One 
Thomas  Carnan,  a  bookseller,  had  some 
Tears  before  detected  or  pre&umed  tlie  il- 
legality of  the  exclusive  right  and  ic 
vaded  it  accoidingly.  The  causae  came 
before  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  the 
year  above-mentioned,  and  was  tliorc  de- 
cided against  tlie  company.  Lord  North 
in  1770,  brought  a  bill  into  the  House  of 
Commons,  to  renew  and  legahze  the  pri^ 
vilege,  but  after  an  Able  argument 
Erakine  in  favor  of  the  public,  the  llou;^^ 
rejected  the  ministerial  project  by  a  ma- 
jority of  40.  The  absurdity  and  even 
indecencj'  of  tome  of  tha^e  productions 
were  fully  exposed  by  Erskjne ;  but  the 
defeated  monopolists  managed  to  regain 
the  ejcdnfsiive  market  by  purchasing  the 
works  of  their  competitors*  The  u  ;r^l 
logical  and  father  predictions  still  *i^ri- 
tinned ;  but  it  is  some  exteutmtion  I  ha  ^ 
the  public,  long  used  to  predictions  c*f  thi_ 
deains  of  princes  and  falls  of  rain,  relns^" 
to  receive  any  almanacs  which  did  not 
contnin  their  favorite  abmirditics/' 

*^  It  is  said  ttiat  the  Stationers'  Com- 
pany once  tried  tlie  t*7f|K?rimcnt  **t  par- 
tiaJJy  reconciling  Fruncis  Muore  and 
common  senile,  by  no  greater  ^*  -  '^^  r 
ouiitting  the  colunm  of  the  n^* 

ence  u[ion  the  part*(  of  die  hiu: .^.. 

and  that  most  of  the  copies  were  re- 
turned tipon  I  heir  hands*" 

PisoATon. — It  tifted  to  bo  ;  ' 

lacky  or  nnhickyi  I  camiot  tcl^  • 

take  tnedicine  on  tfie  day  wli^n  Ut^  par* 


tmt 


Litfraiun  of  Aimana£B, 


ifT5 


dnJtr  |i«rt  of  tUi;  hm\y  «ilfe<Mi^<l  was 

mider  tfa«  bduetice  of  the  mi>c>ti  or  plu- 
atUry  iign.  Mr,  Fmhy  F<ilates  un  ttuec- 
dple*  bow  ''  about  the  elcm  of  th«  last 
otDta/y  a  moilical  practitioner  of  eroU 
0M«^  ill  Suti^lk,  6cut  an  o|)en3ng  mcdi- 
^a«  ta  a  paUtdtit,  uml  de<airf?d  hi  in  to 
'  F  imm«4ift t*jl  V ,  0  ii  1 1 1  *?  i'ol  1  u  vv  i  ji  g 
I  calldd  at  iiw  house  ftn^l  hiqnlrM 
J,    1  ...t   ,,,..-,..,4      xj^j^   patkvnt  (a 

lAtfa^  d  hii  hikd  not  tok^n 

H  *  *»^ '  ^.' r*3  rt' iiKJ ri i^ !  rati n g 

B^  nee,  till*  ^ick  inikii 

ic*  il    lie  liful   looked 

|r  janflfi  and                     sign  lay 

ii>  .    bo  tlion^                 tind  lite 

l'  Llit^r  would  bti  Uh>  liVQch  for 

I-, — Antonio^     In     Fletcher** 
** '  alludes  to  mch  "  skyey  itjflu- 


IttCO 


Of  Tilaa  lliii  sMolb," 


■  OfTilaallii 

triind  W  tl^n 


w«fe  fonnerly  mid  for  a 

»y   tn  Kli|tli*Ti''     fl-'«-  jirice  wa^  in- 

"l^f  liba  II  t  their  jmblU 

aa4  fey  ti^ ,     Hum  of  ^tamp 

iMMiii  dbom  aJtar  tja^ii  Aiitte'^ 
B«iir««o  ISSl  and  1^0  liib  duiy 
poteoed  w  AT^raftfi  jmrly  rn^veiams'  of 
il.*WO  pono^  atorlin^  for  the  KuglUh 
p'  f,    hat    dnnn;^   thii   mgn    of 

%  :xi»  »lamp  daty,  thcnof  lilloen 

pituctt  |»ix  ttAOS^  waa  ab^tliftUod* 

Tba  firftiecif  llWtV  AlTimaa^  la  ITBl^ 
w»  iilfi«p«ii  eii«a  wat 

(brUtii  ftan  iooraaaad 

to  ttlt0aO|iciic<?j  mid  in  I'liu  lo  tWu  ihil- 

IfHp  aod  ibrtapcnoe;  bot^  in  eia^^ion  of 
1^  itesp  acila,  •halibyjienny  almanacs 
WAmmi  to  b6  fsotd  In  England,  and  are 
to  thk  '^**^  *"  ^"^  liad  for  ibat  prko  Lbera, 

aiiir«:.  rtianj. 

Thm  1       ,       '  d  almaitic^  tliai  of  R#^ 

£ai^)«itAfiQ4,  about  tti«*  y«ar  H75,  mjM 
'  t4i9  cfoimi  of  ^4*1;  imt,   n?t  j»oqn 
as  liHulbig  lMeeaiB4f  rumtu  naa 

rdilx  ftUsJtied  Lbts  tl<»tif  I  ila- 

Md  ptotiUar  Hl^ranr  ch i^r^v  u  r  vv  1  i ii^h 
thaf  iMira  ater  ftlnefi  hM  Thv'ir  pre- 
fajoiM  axtoniM  U^  n  u 

^Mmi  aait  in  iIkl  i^rr 

IlL«if  Fmti 
la  tJM  •|ti^ 


tit  pn  roctly  or  In* 

Jimrtfy.  eotioaru;. ,.   .  .     arfulrA  of  tha 

Tti^   En^c^Hh   almatiaoi  kqit  u|i  tbo 
f  firupUeoy,  noo^  ib<»  loia;  and 


tbf  British  Ahnanae,  of  18t9,  shows^  by 
the  following  compnrisoa  of  extracts 
how  little  variation  had  tak«a  pluc^,  in 
that  respeot,  even  In  our  country  - 

Froca  "ADdrewi'  NiWi  ft^Ha  tbi  aur^**  Jutf 

"  SuM^a  inn  |K»i«u  Kt&e  placaflL  Jt^lt^r  tunii 
retifufrhdp,  ufid  Mar*  tocneft  M  canjunction  witii 
Siittirn  At  the  mQHih'i  etiit.  W«tihljr  umtlcrt  aiidCT 
e«<iil4criiLJi>n  In  aouM  ptrli  «f  1&jri<pet  ¥\fia$  r«* 
IxiTti  fir&ni  bcjonti  pca.  Theit  ptjic««  under  (1«aiieil 
ftfiilik  «<»iie«roe4,  flit  iuSusaQt  both  of  Bmiunt  ^nd 
UAft  Ihtff  sfi,  |^rb»p«t  Bov  Moilbki  erf,  io  Uielr 
dcyrta«iii  or  aiil^j'bAAe*/* 

Ttom  "  Mwir*'t  Alnaoack,^  Jttif  ITTI :— 
*' tilers  (■  aoatf  bititU  f«  UwworM  ibouttbll 
llAfr,  %na  vtif  re  ftriDt««  «rf  bidir*  nm*!  b«  txpestvd, 

»1X  ovotrif  iii««  brHiglit  to  llghbi  I  %tfp%  n«  b^ 
pWt.  flctui  good  newt  f^ooi  abrwd  ibettt  llilA  lloi ; 
mti4  IODIC  tbipi  4«tpfttnd  or  Ul*^  It  4«i^t  lieaa* 

fy&m  "  lleHBr«^4  Atummeki"  Julj  liM  :-^ 
"  In  ihti  montU  *h«f«  art  no  I«n  thfto  3?*  coO' 
JuiicUuniit  tlirtci  of  wlilfli  hA[ip«i&  Ln  l}i«  ftKcndiiiil 
or  Kntni*,  the  rcff  foettt  of  p«pttl  powerm,  iut4  a 
foyrtti  «n  the  ¥vr|  verfc  bf  Ibtii  ikipi.  Bert  1i « 
eDti»t«fi»tJiDn  of  elrctiraxUocri,  iht  rffcdB  of  mhUh 
ntfhv  «il>f2«lvil  to  pfoduct  lerlokii  event i  In  tb« 
€btholi«  i^burcb— itcrhipi  the  dvMik  of  hl«  lioU- 

Thesa  prt^dioiions,  as  well  ai  the  gene* 
ra!  arrmiij^iimcnt  and  nature  of  it^  con- 
temn tA  in  other  respects,  our  comuioii 
almanac  HOeTOft  to  havQ  burniwod  from 
thn^  of  Pi^rhja^  whleh  aro  said  to  t>ave 
Iind  sneh  cbaracterisUod  f^oni  great  an* 
tlcfuity. 

A  modem  writer  fitatea  that  tlio  Per- 
eiam,  "  ',0  tlie  present  timo^  neither  sow 
nor  n*api  plant,  travd,  huy,  sieil,  nor  nn- 
dertake  miy  eipi^diUon,  \i'tthout  oon* 
(fuliinj;^,  fir»t  of  all^  the  itars  and  alma' 
nacM*'*^ 

thsc^ATon.— Is  it  froiu  tha  East  that 
our  word  ^^  atniaime'*  b  d^Hv^  t  It  baa 
a  »ouad  of  Arahic. 

A.  N,  Jr.— So  think  mo«t  ctrmolo- 
gifts.  Almanaeh  in  Frtneh  and  Oor- 
foiiTi,  alT/uinacnt  in  ItaUnn,  almafia^iulxk 
£^|iahUh:  itH  urns  in  so  many  toDftiei 
mlnht  pve  H  some  pret<L«n%ion  to  being 
common  nnd  nooa^sary  t>  all  maitkind, 
and  Lui<?val  %vith  Daln^l. 

Weh>»tur  derives  it  from  tha  Arabia 
'  'id  mannfJi^  to  eoiini;  otherft 
'  tlic  (trcuk  manako*^  tho 
txjiijijK.''  iPi  iip^Hithii« 

SOfDt  any  tli«  nam«  cairia  from  a/- 
manha^  or  new  year'*  vit>  "f  "hidj  It 
wai    pr«acnt«d  to  ori^  rdfuA, 

Otbatv  dttdara  tba  wor  ,vo  fifii 

baan  a  f maiMii|  of  Oacaan  orifiii.    Maof 


273 


LiUralure  of  Almanacs, 


[Sej^ 


assert  iU  deriratioii  from  the  Tetitoiiie, 
ffl  md  moja/i^  tlje  moon,  or  an  nt'^ount 
of  every  moou  or  niontli ;  so  our  ances^ 
tors,  obeoives  Verst^gan,  Ui>od  to  curve 
tbo  courts  of  the  moo  a  for  the  yenr 
upoti  a  FquAr®  piece  of  wood,  which  th«»y 
called  fdmmiitght^  Bijrmfying,  in  old  Eng- 
lish or  Saion,  **  ftll'moon-heed*'^ 

PiscATOK. — I  aui  tor  the  Sajcna  deriva- 
tion. Among  ihe  gen  nine  Saxons  of  to- 
day, Jtmre  than  M^ould  confess  it,  yield  a 
lingering  homage  aud  fiuth  to  the  in- 
Aomae  of  thd  moou  on  weather  and 
hunmn  oSaifi^ 

One  of  those  aJicient  wooden  alinanaea 
ii  projierved  in  the  Bodleian  library  at 
Oxford,  It  is  called  a  "Clog  Almanack,'* 
and  19  ghaped  like  a  equate  ra^or-strop. 
Each  ssde  contains  thre«  monilis,  marked 
off  into  day  aod  we^ka  by  pt>inta  such  as 
those  <m  a  measnring'Stick,  and  tlie 
SiLints'^-days  are  denoted  by  emblems, 
perfectly  in  the  fashion  of  the  rude 
*^  totem"  signs,  serawkd  by  the  *^  Little 
Bear,''  the  '*  Weajsel,'^  &c,,  on  an  Indian 
treaty. 

A,  N.  Jn, — Tliose  emblems  might  well 
be  like  t!ie  Indiana,  for  both  are  true 
Ibink  letters;  and  from  these  Runic 
obaracters  Uio  clog-abimaacd  received 
tlieir  common  appellation  of  *'^Run- 
itaves,"  tJiat  is,  Runic  ^taifs^  The  hlero- 
glypbiea  cut  npon  tlie  clog-almanac-*  are 
LU  part  the  eai^ly  Christian  symbols ; 
St.  David's  day  was  marked  by  a  harp, 
St  Crispin*i4  by  a  pair  of  Bhoe«,  St,  Law- 
rence's by  a  gridiron,  and  New  Year's 
day  by  a  horn,  the  sign  of  good  drinking. 
These  nlnianocs  bad  the  advantage  of 
being  easily  whittled  and  carried  about 
the  person,  of  being  durable  ia  maleml, 
and  perpetual  calendarB« 

Many  foi'ii^  have  been  devised  for  per- 
petual almanacs,  and  for  "  Head  Ahnn- 
oaes''  to  be  com  roi  tied  to  ineraory;  of 
the  latter,  the  best  is  probably  the  fol- 
lowing yerse,  as  says  Bees'  Encyclo- 
pffi^ft^ — 

"  At  Dover  DffeUi  Gcorg*  Br&wn,  Esqulfo^ 
Go^d  OhTlttopb«r  FLncli,  Aad  Di^rld  FHer." 

"  The  twelve  words  answer  to  the  twelve 
months;  the  first  letter  of  each  word 
stands  in  the  calendar  against  the  ir^t 
day  of  the  corresponding  month ;  and  if 
the  Dominical  Letter  U  kntjwn,  it  is  easy 
to  find  on  what  day  of  the  week  any  day 
of  the  month  will  fail  lluo^ghout  the 
year." 

The  DoTninical  or  iter,  yon 

know,  ii?  thatoneoftli  KtleUera 

of  the  alphabet  wbieb  lalls  on  Sundiiy, 


the  fii^t  day  in  the  year  being  denoted 
by  A,  tlie  second  by  B^  and  so  on  from 
week  to  week.  By  the  furegoing  bead* 
almanac^  therefore,  the  futirth  of  Jnly 
this  year  falls  on  Tuesday,  the  first  day, 
as  designated  by  G,  being  Saturday,  as 
the  Dominical  letter  being  A. 

PieCATOR.— A  perpetn.al  almanac  wonld 
not  have  suited  the  French  lawyer.  1* 
appears  that  his  wife,  eompkining  that 
be  passed  nearly  all  t!ie  time  in  bis 
library,  eidaimed  one  dav,  '*  Oh  I  that  I 
might  become  a  bookr'  Le  Roue  rebUei 
the  ungallant  reply : 

**  JDcTlena  done:  A\mnniidL,  rAfK»tiilitrll,J*^«t>aictu; 

C^€it  qu'oD  en  ehufcge  tooi  tei  ftui.^ 

I  know  people  who  seem  to  be  not! 
but  perpetual  head-almanacs ;  their 
Is  always  of  the  weather,    I  fear  we  J 
gettir^g  to  be  of  the  number. 

A.  F.  Je, 

^*  I^  te^iBit,  beaUf  boa .  cm  UshmiXi 
Vst  reatreUeD  de  qid  n'l^  wsieMXi^ 

or  rather — 

*♦  Dii  teiot  fikut  parUr 
Pout  propos  renEitiV(iIIer+'* 

Talk  of  the  weather  is  the  introduction 
to  polite  convert  lion  ail  over  the  world; 
particularlj'  among  tho^e  masters  in  re- 
finement, the  Jftpanei^  according  ti>  ihe 
accounts  from  Commodore  Perry  a  expe- 
dition. It  does  no  harm;  it  hurts  do* 
body's  feelings ;  it  removes  the  coolneae 
and  embarrassment  from  a  first  da^  into 
conversation,  and  leaves  it  open  for  ami- 
cable  continoance,  or  conrteous  close. 
Therefore  it  often  does  real  good,  and  1 
verily  believe,  has  cleared  op  the  sky  for 
us,  aa  a  sailor's  whistling  brings  a  wind ; 
for  see,  if  tlie  sui: shine  is  not  breaking 
through  tlie  clouds  which  are  rolling 
grandly  up  the  escjirpraent  of  Mount 
Washin gtu n ,  while  tl le  s  i  n n  i  i j  i  f  <  i f  J efter- 
son  is  glowing  with  r^  .Sol 

will  close  with  iuflictin;,  ^  _  ou  only 
this  last  quotation  from  iii«  AUnanac^ 

»^  An  ev^ulfig  red  tiAm  tnomtDt  iirej, 
Att  »  fUK  fJ^gn  ttl  n  tMlr  flftf.** 

PiBOATDB.— And  I  will  get  ready  for 
Barker  Borbanks  and  bhelbume  to- 
morrow— 

**  Mf  rod  unci  mj  line,  mj  fl^it  ftod  mf  l#»d. 
My  hoot  uid  my  ptnTuntpt,  my  irht-t^too*  ikBd  kQlf^, 
Mf  butket,  %tid  ls*ttj  t-olh  tivinff  ftml  Atn.^^ 
My  ncl  mid  my  ii>f*t  (for  that  h  ijie  chl^f); 
Til  en  1  n4U9t  I  tare  thfcftd,  und  h^ir*  frttn  ftutt 

ainutl, 
Mint  mine  ansttiif  yiifM.  «ftd  t^  f^  ^^r«  itlL" 


hU  mm 'I 

1 


lir^. 

E 

^'     J 

kL 

tr~i.- 

b 

J  Li' 

.!>!- 

t^« 

Ttr 

V'll 

!.•■ 

•  : 

T.. 

k-'^ 

^^ 

.!.-.■ 

&■•. 

*L^I 

*   r 

I 


THE  timt,  both  ia  point  of  timo  and 
tuiTit,  ^'^    Vt„..*-ii..n,  ...iv-vH  was  fa- 

[jit  m4nu«jr  -.  ^ ..l  grace  of 

m  a  certain  point, 
riiiioval  orientftl- 
u  N^osther  is 
like  his  BCrip- 
Tlic  iji:,iory  of  the  pa- 
h  !«  inl*?ri'^titig  not  less  from 
n  which  we  are 
im,  than  from  iho 
1  polbb«d  Im- 
ji  ftir  of  Arca- 
iSao  DnaJiecit«j]iiL'-^.  J  ne  diplornatbt 
ifltl  th%  aheptierd  aro  blonded ;  a  uuion 
a<4  iritboiit  wflrrmnt-,  tho  apostolic  sor- 
tifm  aod  ^re,  A  tannc^d  MaohtavolH 
mttmu, 

Ibnbllev*,  too,  Datwiih^tfindrng  Lb 
«ibi«fif«  Bdi  lurd  of  the  riioving  manor, 
haalbf'n  raiioont  wn^  of  ^lomcbpurt;  the 
•saoivmie  envoy's  plain  cn^at  and  hose, 
•Ka  ba*  ii/)t  bi'urd  uf  ^ 
Fniakrin  aW  ovi^r  iii  of  a  pice*.    Ho 

dtmL     in  t»ean:  of  bb  w<?;  lu  is 

iiiilj  iar|iadM9fl  by  tbo  uiiii;  -uii- 

of    Uol^Wf   of    ^[^^'^^►Hrv,    Ui** 
of   Ji^mpicuity*      The    mental 

Iti  of  IlAbbe.  ■ '  T-  ^^:-   ■■■■      vend 

.  i£*}»etnal]i.  "  ijt^ 

iidifitktci      ^  ^v(- 

fbr  *^  nu 


ibriiiis,    a^t    on  I 
[fiPopH«r« ;    k^-rn 
chance;  p- 


inm    and 

of    tho 

S  practi- 


«u;<]    IN     II 

'<*  of  tbn 


►>phiral  Pucir  liictianl  to  it^  vt^Mi^raWo 


retr&atn.  Here,  of  grcy^  ehElly*  drlzzlj 
Nuvetiihor  mortnngs,  In  tho  diirk-stoneti 
qimdmn^b  of  l\m  time -honored  Hor- 
botr  'V<d   tho  lean  and  glip|H>r&d 

m(y  iii^ — obliviuiia   for  tbe  mo* 

miiu  I -.L  .>-,  bublime  tliougbtii  and  tat- 
tered wurdrohe  were  famous  thryugbout 
Europe,-^mi^ditating  on  tho  thenio  of  his 
ncxi  locturc ;  at  tbo  same  time,  in  the 
woU-wom  chambers  overhead,  som^ 
ekyey-vi*agyd  clunnlstt  in  ragged  robe- 
dc-cbambrt?,  anii  with  a  soil*id  gretvn  Jlap 
over  hi  a  left  ©yc,  wa.^  bard  at  work 
itOopiDg  over  retorts  and  crucibles,  di*- 
covering  new  antipalhiea  in  acidd,  again 
risking  strange  oiploslons  dmilar  to  that 
wlioreby  ho  had  rd ready  lost  tho  \im  of 
one  optic;  whdo  in  the  lofly  lodging- 
honH*s  of  tho  ueif^bborlug  stroota,  lum* 
pMit  yoimg  ^ttidenld  frotti  all  plrta  of 
Franco,  were  imning  tbcir  slr.^^  - ....  j  ...t 
hats  or  inking  the  wbity  sk 

»nmll-c!ntlif^^.    r-,ri-vr  til    h    Tir.-,i.,_,„_..    ,;_,. 

their  pir  Iaz^Ia  In  IJr* 

Gard*>no.  :...  i.    _- 

Long  ago  ihi^  hatiot  oi  rank,  tlio  Latin 
Qtiarter^U  n talma  many  old  hnildlngi 
whose  inipo-ing  ar(*hiU;eturo  fiingiilarlT 
contrasts  with  the  tma^umiug  haNUOf 
their  pre-'«nt  oecnpanti*.  In  Noirte  parta 
jta  general  nir  u  dr\:Jiry  and  dim:  tno- 
na^tic  and   thcurgie*     In   (^  >  ly 

narrow  wuvh— long* drawn  ;  us 

of    !  -lincil  witb   hn^t'   \>uk:^  of 

f^\U  1,  old  iron -grated  building* 

of  [i.i»K  f,i^-s-  ^toiK%  ono  iiiimnt  tipccts 
in  t*nctjuiili.'r  raract'l^u^  or  Frinr  Bacon 

turning*  t>.. vr  ,,.. n.-r^  ^\i]^  bome  aw- 

ftil  vial  \lr  in  hi;4  hand. 

But  nL  :  .  _  _  iioiwu!*  are  not  *o 
grim.  Not  to  t^pi^ak  of  many  of  com» 
prLrativ«?ly  miidern  erect ion»  iIj^  others 
t>f  tiro  Wiu^T  cla*ii,  howwvor  htern  in 
oittmor,  evinco  n  frmitttno  pnyctr  of 
tante,  more  or  1l—  if^ 

within.    Thoeuil  jf^ 

or  iCT\*^nJng   haml  ijf  u\jaiati  ia  t4i  bo 

Moan  all  ovt*r  l!ie  tnlerhira  of  tliU  me- 

"         Like  Augii^tu^    t'lt^^ar   witb 

to    Rome,    tho    FrcncbWiirnan 

II ;,  -  ^ r^  mark  on  ran*.     IJko 

tin  ■,  ynti  ktjow  it  can  Ix* 
V.t -,.,„..  .ft« 

•IF 

or— what  ta  aUil  more  £K^n*ait — ia  a 


sr» 


Itrail  i*o*Jfr ;  or,  Ftft^   Years  of  ExiU* 


\^pt 


little  ftlatternly  aljout  it,  as  nature  in  tho 
piff-weed. 

In  tlib  congeulfll  vidnitj  of  the  Latin 
Qtiarter,  and  in  an  njicienl  building  some- 
tliing  like  those  last  alluded  to,  at  a 
point  midway  between  the  Pnlais  dea 
Beanx  Arts  and  the  College  of  the  S«r- 
borme,  the  Tenerabk  AinericiLn  Envoy 
pitched  hi3  tent  when  not  passing  his 
time  at  hi*  country  retreat  at  Possy, 
The  frugality  of  hb  manner  of  life  did 
not  lose  him  the  good  opioion  even  of 
the  voltiptuariea  of  the  showiest  of  capi- 
tals, whose  very  iron  railings  are  not 
ft-ee  from  gilt^  Franklin  was  not  less 
a  lady's  man,  than  a  uian's  nmn,  a  wise 
raan»  and  an  old  man,  Not  only  did  he 
eqjoy  the  hotnage  of  the  choicest  Pari- 
sian Uterati,  but  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
two  ho  wa^  the  caressed  favorite  of  the 
higliest  born  beauties  of  the  Court ;  who 
through  blind  fashion  having  been  ori- 
ginally attracted  to  liim  as  a  famous 
taran^  were  pennanently  retained  as  his 
admirers  by  his  Plat^like  gracious- 
nesa  of  good-humor*  Having  care  fully 
weighed  the  world,  Frankhn  could  act 
any  part  in  it.  By  nnturo  turned  to 
knovvledge,  hia  mind  was  often  grave, 
bnt  never  serious.  At  times  he  had 
se  riousD  eaa  —  extrem  e  aertonan  ess  —  for 
o  thcrs,  b  a  t  ne ve  r  for  hi  msel  f.  Tranqu  illi- 
ty  was  to  him  instead  of  it.  Tbiii  philo- 
sophical levity  of  tranquillity^  so  to  speak, 
is  shown  in  his  easy  variety  of  pars  a  its* 
Printer,  postmaster,  ahimnac  maker, 
essayeat,  chernistT  orator,  tinker,  states- 
niflti,  Imuiorist^  philosopher,  parlor-mau, 
political  economistj  professor  of  house- 
wifery, ambaBsador,  projector,  maxim- 
monger,  herh-dootor,  wit : — Jack  of  all 
trade^j  master  of  each  and  mastered  by 
none — the  type  and  genius  of  hia  land* 
Franklin  was  everything  bnt  a  poet 
Bni  since  a  aoul  with  many  qoalitiea, 
ft*rnaing  of  itself  a  sort  of  handy  index  and 
pocket  congress  of  all  humanity,  needs 
the  contact  of  just  as  many  different 
men,  or  subjects,  in  order  to  the  exhibi- 
tion of  it^  totality;  hence  very  little 
indeed  of  the  sage's  mnltifarioni-ness  will 
be  portrayed  in  a  simple  narrative  like 
the  i>reseTit,  Tbis  casual  private  inter- 
course with  Israel^  but  served  to  mant' 
fest  him  in  his  far  lesser  lights;  thrifty, 
dome^tic^  dietarian,  andj  it  may  be, 
didactically  waggish.  There  was  much 
benevolent  irony,  innocent  misehievous- 
ncHs,  tn  the  wise  man.  Seeking  hero  to 
depict  him  In  his  less  exalted  h.ibitudc3, 
the  narrator  feels  more  m  if  ho  w^cro 
playing  witli  one  of  the  sage^s  worsted 


hose,  than    reverentially  handling   the 

honored  hat  which  ODce  oraculariy  sat 
npon  his  brow. 

So,  then,  in  the  Latin  Quarter  hred 
Doctor  Franklin.  And  accordingly  in 
the  I^atin  Quarter  tarried  Israel  for  the 
time.  And  it  was  into  a  room  of  a  house 
in  tills  same  Latin  Q carter  that  Israel 
had  been  directed  when  the  sage  bad 
reqnoaled  privacy  for  a  while. 


« 


CtlAPTER  DL 


ataiEx.  IB  rsTTiATjif  into  the  unnvKiB  op 

Olosino  the  door  npon  himself,  Is^rad 
advanced  to  the  middle  of  the  chamber, 
and  looked  curio aslv  round  him. 

A  dark  t^saellated  floor,  but  without  a 
rug;  two  inahogacy  chairs,  with  embroi- 
dered seats,  rather  the  worse  for  wear ; 
one  maliogany  bod,  with  a  gay  but  tJtr- 
nlshed  conntcrpanci;  n  marble  wash^tand^ 
cracked,  witb  a  chiua  vessel  of  water, 
minus  the  handle.  The  apartment  was 
very  large;  this  part  of  the  house,  which 
was  a  verj*  extensive  one,  embracing  the 
four  Sides  of  a  quadrangle,  having,  in  a 
former  age^  been  the  hotel  of  a  nobleman. 
The  mn^^nUude  of  the  chamber  made  its 
stinted  furniture  look  meagre  enough* 

But  in  LE^raersj  eyea,  the  marble  niantd 
(a  comparatively  recent  additioti)  and  its 
apptirtenance?*,  not  only  redeemed  the 
rest,  but  looked  qnite  magnificent  and 
hosfpifable  in  ihe  extreme.  Beeanst*,  in 
the  first  place,  the  niiante!^  was  graced 
with  an  enormous  old-fiiahioned  jnc^naro 
mirror,  of  heavy  plate  glass,  set  fji^t,  like 
a  tablet,  into  the  wall  And  in  thi^  tnir- 
ror  wa^  genially  reflected  tbe  following 
delicate  articles  :^First,  two  bouquet*  of 
flowera  inserted  in  pretty  vases  of  por- 
celain ;  second,  one  cake  of  wliite  Si^ap ; 
third,  one  cake  of  rose- colored  soap  (both 
cakes  very  fragrant);  fourth^  one  wax 
candle;  fifth,  one  chiua  tinder-box ;  s.\st\ 
one  bottle  of  Ean  de  Cologne ;  seventh, 
one  paper  of  loaf  sugar,  nicely  broken 
into  ?^ugar-bowl  ske ;  eighth,  one  silver 
tetispootj ;  ninth,  one  glass  tumbler ; 
tenth,  one  glairs  dt*canter  of  cool  pare 
water;  eleven tb,  one  sealed  bottle  con- 
taining a  riclily  hned  liqnid,  and  marked 
**Otard." 

**I  winder  now  what  0-t*a-r-d  is?" 
soliloquized  Israel »  slowly  spdlin^  the 
word.     **  I  haven  gtK>d  miri  '  in 

and  usk  I>r.  Franklla.    He  I  v- 

tldng.    Let  mu  imell  it.    No,  a>  Mhi^^d ; 


!$r€tjet  Palter;  or^  Fift^    YtarM  af  Ex^U. 


lockofl  in.    Thono  iire  prutty 

I^t^n    «m<?U   th^m:    tn^  smell 

Ah*    I   »t^*-  fwirt   r^r   tlnwL'ra   in 

k'#  iwmwtn— ^trt  of  <*alifi>  fluw^ni- 
BlJUliM  flOtp.  This  si(iclt»  atiyhti^' — 
iinLir  wom-remit — a  wlutt^  tus^  jind  a 
M  «ie«  XWt  Ui ii|:- ri i!i' k ei  1  ho 1 1 1  ^  the ra 
bolci  Ii1c#  a  cmiii^  I  wojvlcr  whut^d  in 
thttt  fUUoI  E-«i-ii— il-e — C-o-l-O'g-n-e* 
1  wiMiilcr  if  Dr*  Fmnkliii  un  tiers  tau  da 
Uiail  U  looks  Uk«  In^  whiU'  wiao.  TIjIb 
b  llo«  Mif&r,  Ltit'§  ta^to.  Yes.  ibb  ij 
v«7  Bie»  80^«r«  sweet  ii9— vcf^  irs  sweet 
Mi^gv;  bottisr  thau  timpfe  migar^  stiah 
Mtbvjrmitl  '  <.  But  Fm  erdQch- 
ilf  It  too  I  ^  '  »etor  will  hear  me. 

Bm  ^<r»*s  a  t vu-  i-n  r^ !  I .  W  bat's  t  his  fo  r  I 
I]Mr«*«  ma  left,  tior  t4sa'Cui> ;  bat  here's  A 
tinMgfi  aod  bere*#  tlrmkjng  wat^r.  L«t 
ow  iQ#.  S6«int  to  ni(',  pmting  ibis  and 
tlwt  Axid  thtt  nther  tXtmg  togf^tber,  It'f}  a 
of  ftl|>}iAb«t  that  «[K^]b  sometlilng. 

iatiiibkr«  wat#r,  siigftr, bran- 

d^^-UiAtV  it,  0-t-a-r-d  i»  brMid>%  Who 
fOi  tii»e  ihtnj^  ht?rel  What  dtiesi  it 
iD  motat  I '  ^irar  hero  for  ^how^ 

tal\  pflf  A  -  tor  ornumen^  nor 

t  )mp  of  wiiUr,  1  Ucro  Ls  only  ont* misiui- 
i&f  to  it.  Ami  tliAt  i*  ix  vory  |xjli(ti  iiivl- 
tfe&OQ  from  tome  invi'-ililu  pt<ri^i>n  to  hulp 
mjilf.  If  t  llkd,  to  A  itela<^  of  lirandy  and 
M^ir,  ttad  If  I  don^  lilc4%  lot  it  alone. 
lui%  mj  m^ittg,  I  iiiLvt^  iL  {^uoU  loinil 
WiA  Dootor  Fmiiklin  ulnjut  H^  thMirij:!^ 
hr  tJAffa^^Jost  a  cbanco  1  iiuvy  be  nit*}- 
ttkea^  md  tb«so  thirur^  Fi.  ro  be  M>mt.^ 
Mliir  ptf^on^s  [>rfvA!  « ttot  at 

•Q  BiNat  Jbr  me  to  If  from. 

Oe-^^pia,  what'4  tlmr.  t—im^i^t  rni^d, 
te^:  M{»^i  to  wosb  with.    J  want  to 

I,  anjr  way*  Laj  1  mt*  aod-HCio,  Uiere** 

oQ  tli9  wajib*Htand.  I  a««i  aoap 
it  not'  fir  AH  gratit  hero  in  PariH,  to 
twiiliri*  Uttt  if  yon  waut  it,  tako  it 
Ami  tfao  marh^  auil  it  will  bo  ebivrged 
It  Ibi  bill*  if  jod  cl^n't  want  it  let  It 
dusit  Aftil  no  diargiff.  Well,  that's  fair, 
«iif  war.  Bat  tJbca  tci  a  muii  who  cuuld 
not  aflbrd  to  iii«  mv^,  m<^h  b^autii^l 
Hkm  lA  tliAiO  l^ng  bcfor*  hU  ^jm  ill 
tiw  tiuMv  wo  ah!  bo  [i  J^tr<Hi^  ictaptatloa. 
AadBowtl  n^ta-Ml 

^     toolca  r«tli«r  I '  f  don't 

H  fMod  miad  to  trr  it*    Bui  it'n  »eAled.     I 

H  mmltr  now  if  I  am  ri^^bt  h\  my  nnd^r* 

H  ci«a41iif  Mf  thk  alphabut?     Who'  know§  t 

H  HI  fiaUiirt  oAfi  liiiln  %i^  anyhow.  C«mie 

■  Aoci.    Uadtr 

H        TbArt  WAA  A  ri;   '  '       -  at  the  door, 
H        0l«p|iiii||dcfwr  ,  UratI  lald, 


It  w*a^  the  man  of  w  iadom. 
**  My  honest  friend,'*  said  the  Doctor, 
eti^pjiing  with  v^snerable  briskness  into 
llie  room,  **I  was  ao  busy  during  your 
visit  to  the  Pont  Ncuf,  that  I  did  not 
have  lime  to  iee  that  yonr  room  was  all 
right  I  n3(.'rely  gjive  the  order,  and 
heard  thAt  it  bai]  been  fnlfilled.  Bat  ft 
just  occnrred  t*i  lue,  that  aa  the  land- 
ladies of  Paris  have  some  onrioos  cos- 
tofng  w!ildi  might  pnzzte an  entire atratt- 
ger»  my  presence  here  for  a  moment 
might  explain  any  little  obscurity,  Yes^ 
it  is  as  I  thought/'  glancing  towards  Uio 
mancd. 

"  Ob,  Doctor,  that  reminds  me  i  what 
is  0-t-a-r-<l,  prayT 
**  Otard  U  poison." 
*' Shock!  ii;?;» 

*' Yes,  and  I  think  I  had  beat  r«moT0 
it  from  the  room  forthwith/*  replied  the 
sngo,  in  a  busine*3-Uke  manner  patting 
the  bottle  under  \m  arm ;  "  I  hope  yon 
never  use  Cologne,  do  yon  T* 
"  What— what  is  that.  Doctor?** 
**  I  see.    Yon  never  heard  of  the  sense 
ie^    loiary — ^a   wise    ignorance.     Yon 
smel  t  fio  w  era  apon  your  i  no  it  n  taj  n^.  Yo  u 
won't  want  this,  either;"  acid  the  Cologne 
bottle  was  ptit  nnd^r  the  otlier  arm. 
**  Candle— *y on *!1  want  that.    Soap — you 
want  soap,    Vm  Uie  white  cake." 
"i#  that  cheaper,  Doe  tor  I" 
^'^  Ye?,  bnt  ju^t  as  good  as  the  other. 
You  don*t  ever  munch  Biigar,  do  yoii? 
It's  bad  fortlictwtlL  1*11  take  the sogar." 
So  tbo    tiaper  of  sugat  waa   likewise 
dronpod  into  one  of  tbe  eapaelous  coat 
pockets. 

"  Oh,  you  bettftf  tAke  tfee  wholo  furni- 
ture, l>octor  Franklin.  l!«re,  Pll  hetp 
you  drag  out  the  bedatoAd." 

**My  honest  fHend/'  said  the  wiin 
nian,  pausing  solemnty,  wltti  the  two 
buttles,  Uke  iwimmer*!  Idaddcra  under 
111*  ar rn-pit!* ;  **  my  honest  friend,  t!io 
l>cdst^ad  jou  will  want;  what  I  propoA^ 
to  remove,  you  will  not  want,^* 
**  Ob,  i  was  only  joking,  Doctor*" 
*'  I  kni'W  that.  It*a  &  bad  haUir,  o:[eept 
At  the  proper  time,  and  wkii  the  proper 
lH?r*on.  The  things  left  on  tha  nmnU^l 
were  there  pbiced  by  the  htndbdy  to  he 
tj^cd  If  wanted;  If  nnt,  tv  bt>  left  un- 
tpuclied.  To-tnorrow  inornlitgi  upon  the 
ebambonnaid'n  coming  in  to  malt o  your 
bod»  all  inch  arfirb.«?i  aa  rcmain^^l  <»bv! 
onsly  an'       '     '    v.oiiM  !ia^'    '  =  >* 

mov<?d;  i  ■  ihl  have*  > 

ed  in  Uio  tMit,  nn-Hipr  you  um^^'I  nieoi  up 
ronipletely  tfr  not." 

"Juit  m  I  thought.    Then  why  not 


2$0 


Israel  Potter;  or,  Flfifj   Tcar^  of  Mxilf. 


[S^- 


let  the  bottles  stay,  Doctor,  and  B4ve 
yourself  all  this  trouble  ?" 

"Ah!  why  \ ndeed *  My  h onest  f ri en d , 
&reyou  iiftt  mygnest?  It  were  cialiand- 
some  iti  me  to  permit  a  thinl  person  so- 
p^rfinou&ly  to  entertain  you  unto  wbut, 
tbr  tbe  tiiuo  being,  is  my  own  roofJ' 

These  wordi  came  from  tfio  wi$o  rnjin 
in  the  most  ^flciou>iIy  bland  and  flowing 
tones.  As  he  ended,  he  made  a  sort  of 
conciliatory  half  bow  towards  Israel. 

Charmed  with  hia  contlescending  offa- 
biUty,  Israel,  without  another  word,  snif- 
tered liira  to  march  from  tlie  room,  bot- 
tles and  all.  Not  UU  the  first  impression 
of  the  Tcnerable  envoy 'a  saavity  had  left 
him,  fM  Israel  begin  to  surmise  the  mild 
aiiperiority  of  successful  iitratei^y  which 
lurked  beneath  this  liighly  ingratiating 
air, 

*^  Ahi"  poodered  Israel,  aitting  gloom- 
ily before  the  rifltnl  mantel,  with  the 
empty  tumbler  and  tea-sj>oon  m  hi^  I  mud, 
*Mt*s  sad  business  to  have  a  Doctor 
Franklin  lodging  in  the  next  rt>oni.  I 
wonder  if  ho  sees  to  all  the  boArders 
this  way.  How  the  O-t-a-r-d  merchauta 
must  bate  Lim^  and  the  pastry-cooks  too. 
I  wish  I  had  a  good  pie  to  pass  tlie  time, 
I  wonder  if  they  ever  make  pumpkin 
pies  in  Paris  ?  bo,  1  Ve  gnt  to  stay  m 
this  room  all  the  time.  Somehow  Vm 
bound  to  be  a  prisoner,  one  way  or  an- 
other. NeTCr  miorl,  Tm  an  amhas^mdor^ 
That*s  safisfiiction.  Hark  I  The  Doctor 
agaia. — OL>mQ  in*" 

No  Tenerable  doctor;  but  In  trlppct]  a 
yonng  French  lass,  bloom  on  her  cheek, 
pink  ribbons  in  her  cap,  liveliness  in  all 
lier  air,  grace  In  the  very  tips  of  her  el- 
bows. The  most  bewitchiiiEf  little  chani- 
bermaid  in  Paria.  All  art,  but  the  pic* 
tui'e  of  artlessness. 

"  Monsieur  \  pardon  1 " 

^'  Oh,  I  pardong  y€  fre^alj,"  said  Israel* 
"  Dome  to  call  on  the  Ambassador  ?" 

**Mongieur,  is  de — de — "  but^  breaking 
down  at  the  very  threshold  in  her  Eng- 
lish, she  poured  out  a  long  ribbon  of 
sparkling  French,  the  purpose  of  which 
was  to  convey  a  profusion  of  fine  com- 

Sliments  to  the  aininger,  with  maiiy  ten- 
er  inquiries  aa  to  whether  he  was  com- 
fortably roomed,  and  whether  there 
might  not  be  eomcthing,  however  tri- 
f Hag,  wanting  to  his  complete  accomoda* 
tion.  But  Israel  understood  nothing,  at 
tiie  time,  but  the  exceed  log  grace,  and 
trho,  bewitching  figure  uf  the  ^irh 

Stie  stood  eyeing  him  for  a  few  mo- 
mo  nu  more,  with  a  look  of  pretty  thea- 
trical despair ;  and^  after  vaguely  linger- 


m 


ing  a  wliile,  with  another  shower  of 
incomprehensible  eompliments  antl  apo- 
logies, tripped  like  a  fairy  from  the 
chamber*  Directly  she  was  gone,  Isniel 
pondered  opon  a  singular  glance  of  ih& 
girl.  It  fseemed  to  him  that  be  liftd,  by 
his  rectption,  in  some  way,  nnaccounu* 
bly  disappointed  his  beantltnl  visitor.  It 
stmck  him  very  strangely  tliat  she  liad 
entered  all  sweetnesi  and  fHendlino^s, 
but  had  reliretl  a^  if  alighted,  with  a  sori 
of  disdainful  and  sarcastic  levity,  ail  the 
more  stinging  from  its  apparent  polite* 
ne^.<. 

'*^ot  long  had  she  disappeared,  when  % 
noise  in  the  pa.^a?re  apprised  him  tliat, 
in  her  hurried  retreat^  the  girl  mast 
have  stumbled  agfiiust  iomething.  The 
nest  moment,  he  heard  a  chair  scraping 
In  the  adjacent  apartment,  and  tlieri?  was 
another  knock  at  the  door. 

It  was  the  man  of  wisdom  this  time, 
*^  My  honest  friend,  did  you  not  have 
a  visitor,  lost  now?^' 

"  Yes,  Doctor,  a  very  pretty  girl  called 
opon  me," 

*'  Well,  T  jnst  stopped  in  tt^  tell  yau  of 
another  strange  cn.stom  of  Paris.  That 
girl  is  the  ohambermaid;  but  she  does 
not  confine  herself  altogt?ther  to  one  vo- 
cation. Yon  mast  beware  of  the  chsim- 
bcrraaidg  of  Paris,  my  hone^^t  fri<?nd. 
Sliall  I  tell  the  girl,  from  yon^  ihnt,  iin- 
wUhngto  give  her  the  fatigue  of  going 
np  and  down  m  many  Higlits  of  stiiirs^ 
you  will,  for  the  futoro  waive  her  vlsiti 
of  ceremony  ?" 

"  Why,  Doctor  Franklin,  she  is  a  very 
sweet  little  girl,*' 

*'I  know  it,  my  honest  friend;  the 
sweeter,  the  more  dangerons.  Arsenic 
is  sweeter  than  siignr.  1  know  yon  are 
a  very  sensible  yoimg  man ;  not  to  be 
taken  in  by  an  art  fid  Ammonite  j  and 
80,  I  think  1  had  better  convoy  yonr 
message  to  the  gi il  f  jr t h avi th / * 

So  saying,  tlie  sasfe  withdi%w^  leaving 
Israel  once  more  ghKunily  ^eatoii  before 
the  rifled  mantel,  whose  mirror  was  not 
again  to  reflect  the  form  of  tlie  charming 
ohambermaid, 

"Every  time  ho  cotues  in  he  robs  ine^^' 
soliloiiidsed  Urad,  dolefa^Iy  ;  ''*wilh  an 
air  all  tlie  time^  too,  iw  if  he  were  makii.*i? 
me  presents.  If  lio  thinks  ma  6tmh  » 
very  sensible  y^'Ung  man,  why  not  let  me 
take  c^fc  of  myselt'f' 

It  vfm  growing  du^k,  and  Israel  hght- 
ing  tlie  wax  candle,  proce titled  to  rea'l  m 
his  Guide-book, 

**^Thi*  is  \x^oT  sight-*eeinjr/*  mutt^irvd 
he,  at  last,  *•  sitting  here  all  by  mj^eJJ, 


lA 


t»€>f&rr/  or,  Fffty  Tear*  of  Esih. 


281 


I 


titm  up  aow  i  for 
It     *    ^      ^^ 


:1 


ua  i'  J  wn  ft  [WK>r 
>i»o  what  Damfiift 


|iAit]pli]H»  ftt  ran- 
a  an  the  follow mg 

\^  n  nJoijiJ — ' 

ua  if  iiyj  a  nd  hoping 
/'■  '      Wt  may  make  thiM 

h'  lusfir  ourtctre*,     In^ 

iMtirg  ffid  he   thiit  tire* 

%f0m  h'  liig^  a$  /Wf  Rick' 

C'lHL     ThfH  h^tp  h^imh^/or  I  h^tr4  no 
diu^  '     '  ■  'I  J4¥#.'    Oil  con- 

teSd    L  ;^  t       It's   a  fcOft  of 

yaic  wi  .*jiMa  to  d  luau  lake 
ium  tlijit*is  cb*iiip,  ami  it'ii 
d«ar.  That  mn\  \\\  Pour 
Bkhifd;  t>tic  U  ought  t<>  Uc«^'  ccmdurlcd 
Iirtil,  poddonlj  •kiumlng  down  tlie 
IBiapltltt. 

B«  wtlketl  icrixw  t1»«  room,  IooI^i^mI  at 
tiitftrlllUUl]  dawerin,  and  the  roHe'CoUir- 
•I  •oafi,  nud  Agiktn  went  to  the  UhU  nnd 
lOik  ii|i  iImi  two  boolc4. 

**  86  bArv  b  tbe  *  Way  Ui  WealtTi,'  and 
tart  li  tlk#'Guic!«^  to  Pari^,*  Wim^l^r 
SW  whHY)^  P&rtP  I 

I  ilHiii^dti  I 

two  boak*  1X1  iiiv  u^ii 
iM  (efttl«Jtiaci  hm  &I1 

g  4^  .^^  .  ,r    »*  .1.1  ^U'i,.... 


fiti  the  WrtT  lo 

■  road,    Mory 

:  of-the-Hfiiy!*, 

■A  \i  the  DcKJtor 

liy  I  Hitting  theto 

!      *-'        how,  tiie 

y  took— 

-  of  sly, 
T   rii- 

,:l0- 

.  tmt 

Di'porid  upon  it, 

V.  hrjt*.i    tlib  Poor 

5  a   that 

r  thut. 

■  'if* 

Jivo  th<j 


Vim% 


■ 


f ou  ttf.— id 


cotild  hftrdlv  forgiVe  him  for  the  Oologne 
aod  UUird  fUpry^Jaiions* 

Discovering  that,  in  early  \\f%  Israel 
had  been  e«upli»ytHl  ox\  a  (i\ni\  tl>o  toaa 
of  whihtrn  at  leugth  tonied  the  cotiter* 
sation  in  thjit  diiecdou;  auioog  other 
ihiug*,  monlioning  to  hisi  giienta  p\M\  oi 
\m  {iln5  Doctur*^)  tW  yc^klng  oseo,  with 
a  voke  lo  4,^0  by  a  sprhig  Instead  <jf  11 
lK)lt ;  {Um  greatly  fiic»Ji£iitiug  the  tjpi*m* 
lion  t)f  hitcliinu  on  ihc  teHin  to  tJjis  curt. 
Israel  wus  XK'vy  much  fitrnok  with  the 
impioveinent ;  auii  thoiight  tliat,  if  ha 
wero  honiL*^  upun  hi'*  nvountaina,  hi^ 
wt?uld  immediately  introdac4^  it  among 
thi9  fanuura. 


GBAPTEIt  :c, 

AXnan  ADTCFTDwift  a»-«aiii  ctoi  m  ictti. 

AiJotTT  half* past  ten  o''clook»  a»  thty 
were  thus  conversing,  brad^i  fteqndn- 
■tjmc<*j  the  pretty  chauiberrnrnd,  rti|>pef! 

at  tht^  donr    triviri  P    ivHh  a    tjlf.r    fli.f    fj 

very  rii-'  ui  in  t!ic  .1 

the  courts        ,        iij  seo  Do...    ^       ..- 

"A  very  rude  gentlelnant"  r*peatod 
the  wb«  man  in  French,  narrowly  look* 
lug  at  thc^  g%f\^  "  thnt  mtans,  a  very  fln<* 
f**ntl*^man  who  liaa  Just  paid  yon  eooie 
ciiet^tlc  ctnn|dSnioiiL  lint  let  him 
come  tip,  my  girlj"  bo  added  patriarchi- 
cally. 

In  a  fuw  moniL'Utai  a  iwift  coqnciusih 
Btcp  wn*  lieard,  ftpnowiKl,  as  if  in  chaso, 
by  a  sharp  and  maoly  oncj*  Tlio  duur 
opened*  I*rad  was  til tt big  so  that,  ac- 
etdeutifcJIy  bis  ey©  pierced  tbccrovico 
made  hy  ibo  o|>oning  of  tlit*  door,  which, 
like  a  Th«^jitEjr.il  h(n<>i'o,  iiito^d  for  a  tuo^ 
ment,  be'  i'»r  Fraiikllji,  iiiid  the 

jtTst  ente:  1%    ^'Vnd  behind   that 

Bcreeo,  ihrmigh  the  crark,  Israel  ranght 
ond  moTtieoiary  plhnp^LMif  :t  \\i\\i^  h\t  of 
l>y-  play  b<? t  ween  1 1  j  1 

and  tho  ^tr&nger,  'i 

appeared  to   have   .  ;!     ....    :    m 

him  on  tho  Rta^r'' — I  ■;':•-'  ii.  n.  .  ^h 
rt-trjrji  fiif  ^ome  liKrul   ad^  .t 

had   iuflere<l  hurM'lf  t^i  hi*  i^  .J 

lli^t  r-"-  *  ■  '  '  -' '     ■:  tlirt  insiuiii  j.-i;tL'l 

cai!  ^  with  an  l(j»in- 

i^vri.  .out,  n^cciving  a 

:    4  I  -  1    ,  irm,  and  a  »*tlll 

■■■'   '■  ':-' rlitek. 

'*.>ariid  from 


vl 


282 


Itrtul  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Tears  of  JSxiU. 


[Sept 


behind  tho  door, — entering?  the  room. 
When  Israel  now  perceived  liim  again, 
ho  seemed,  whilo  momentarily  hidden, 
to  have  undergone  a  complete  transfor- 
mation. 

He  was  a  ratlier  pmall,  clastic,  swarthy 
man,  with  an  aspect  as  of  a  disinherited 
Indian  Chief  in  European  clothes.  An 
uuvanqubhablo  enthusiasm,  intensified 
to  perfect  sobriety,  couched  in  liis 
savage,  self-possessed  eye.  lie  was  ele- 
gantly and  somewhat  extravagantly 
dressed  as  a  civilian  ;  ho  carried  himself 
with  a  rustic,  barbaric  jauntinesa, 
strangely  dashed  with  a  su])erinduc«d 
touch  of  the  Parisian  saloji.  Ilis  tawny 
cheek,  like  a  date,  si)oke  of  the  tropic. 
A  wonderful  atmosphere  of  proud  friend- 
lessness  and  scornfVil  isolation  invested 
him.  Yet  was  there  a  bit.  of  tho  poet 
as  well  as  tho  outlaw  in  him,  too.  A 
cool  solemnity  of  intrepidity  sat  on  his 
lip.  He  looked  like  one  who  of  purpose 
sought  out  harm's  way.  He  looked  like 
one  who  never  had  been,  and  never 
would  be,  a  subordinate. 

Israel  thought  to  himself  that  seldom 
before  had  ho  seen  such  a  being.  Thoucrli 
dressed  tl-la-mode,  he  did  not  seem  to  bo 
altogether  civilized. 

So  absorbed  was  our  adventurer  by  the 
person  of  the  stranger,  that  a  few  mo- 
ments passed  ero  he  began  to  be  aware 
of  the  circumstance,  that  Dr.  Franklin 
and  this  new  visitor  having  saluted  as 
old  acquaintances,  were  now  sitting  in 
earnest  conversation  together. 

"'  Do  as  you  please ;  but  I  will  not  bide 
a  suitor  much  longer,'*  said  the  stranger 
in  bitterness.  "  Congress  gave  me  to 
understand  that,  upon  my  arrival  here, 
I  should  be  given  immediate  command  of 
the  Tndien;  and  now,  for  no  eartlily 
reason  that  I  can  see,  you  Commission- 
era  have  presented  her,  fresh  from  tho 
stocks  at  Amsterdam,  to  tho  King  of 
France,  and  not  to  me.  What  does  the 
King  of  France  with  such  a  frigate? 
And  what  can  I  not  do  with  her  ?  Give 
me  back  the  "  Indien,"  and  in  less  than 
one  month,  you  shall  hear  glorious  or 
fatal  news  of  Paul  Jones." 

"  Come,  come,  Captain,"  said  Doctor 
Franklin,  soothingly,  "tell  me  now,  what 
would  you  do  with  her,  if  you  had  her?" 

"  I  would  teach  the  British  that  Paul 
Jones,  though  born  in  Britain,  is  no  sub- 
ject to  the  British  King,  but  an  untram- 
melled citizen  and  siulor  of  the  universe ; 
and  I  would  teaoh  them,  too,  that  if 
they  ruthlessly  ravage  the  American 
ootsts  their  own  ooasti  are  vulnerable  as 


New  Holland's.  Give  me  the  Indien^ 
and  I  will  rain  down  on  wicked  England 
like  fire  on  Sodom." 

These  words  of  bravado  were  not 
spoken  in  tlie  tone  of  a  bravo,  bat  a  pro- 
phet. Erect  upon  his  chair,  like  an  Iro- 
quois, the  speaker's  look  was  like  tliat 
of  an  unfiickering  torch. 

His  air  seemed  slightly  to  disturb  tho 
old  sage's  philosophic  repose,  who,  while 
not  seeking  to  disguise  his  admiration  of 
the  unmistakable  spirit  of  the  man,  seem* 
cd  but  illy  to  relish  his  apparent  mea- 
sureless boasting. 

As  if  both  to  change  the  subject  a  lit- 
tle, as  well  as  put  his  visitor  in  better 
mood — though  indeed  it  might  have 
been  but  covertly  to  play  with  his  enthu- 
siasm— the  man  of  wisdom  now  drew 
his  chair  confidentially  nearer  to  the 
stranger's,  and  putting  one  hand  in  a  very 
friendly,  conciliatory  way  upon  his  viai- 
tor's  knee,  and  rubbing  it  gently  to  and 
fro  there,  much  as  a  lion-tamer  might 
soothingly  manipulate  the  aggravated 
king  of  beasts,  said  in  a  winning  man- 
ner : — ^^  Never  mind  at  present,  Captofaif 
about  the  ^IndierC  affair.  Let  that 
sleep  a  moment.  See  now,  the  Jersey 
privateers  do  us  a  great  deal  of  mischief 
by  intercepting  our  supplies.  It  has 
been  mentioned  to  me,  that  if  yon  had  a 
small  vessel— say,  even  your  present  ship, 
the  *  Amphitritc.' — then,  by  yonr  sin- 
gular bravery,  you  might  render  great 
service,  by  following  those  privateers 
where  larger  ships  durst  not  venture  their 
bottoms ;  or,  if  but  supported  by  some 
frigates  from  Brest  at  a  proper  distance, 
might  draw  them  out,  so  that  the  larger 
vessels  could  capture  them." 

"Decoy-duck  to  French  fHgates! — 
VeiT  dignified  office,  truly!'*  hined 
Paul  in  a  fiery  rage.  "  Doctor  Franklin, 
whatever  Paul  Jones  does  for  the  cause 
of  America,  it  must  be  done  through  un- 
limited orders:  a  separate,  supreme 
command ;  no  leader  and  no  counsellor 
but  himself.  Have  I  not  already  by  my 
services  on  the  American  coast  shown 
that  I  am  well  worthy  all  this?  Why 
then  do  you  seek  to  degrade  me  below 
my  previous  level  ?  I  will  mount,  not 
sink.  I  live  but  for  honor  and  glory. 
Give  me  then  something  honorable  and 
glorious  to  do,  and  something  famous  to 
do  it  with.    Give  me  the  Indien.^'* 

The  man  of  wisdom  slowly  shook  his 
head.  '^  Everything  is  lost  through  this 
shillyshallying,  timidity  called  prudencei*' 
cried  Paul  Jones,  starting  to  Lis  feet; 
«« to  be  effectual,  war  should  be  carried  on 


l$H.] 


hmd  pQtUr;  or,  Fiftf  F^rt  0/  Exik. 


n% 


iftt  ft  tncinioon ;  one  ebangoless  deter' 
!ftiftAli*n  Ljf  every  |jiiriit;lo  towards  the 
*mA  adftlbefabb  tutu.  But  m  vacUlatiag 
flDOMsiliv  iUU«8ineti  ld)e  about  like  the 
tib*  |iftwi  lo  cftlnis.  My  Qod^  why  wu 
1  Of*!  l>im  a  Cayl" 

**  A  Nor-MTftrter  ntlief.  Oemie,  eome, 
OqiCttiat*'  add^d  tbe  lage^  ^^sit  down; 
vtldivtftthSrd  per»nn  prtseiit,  yoa  eee,'' 
—p^totiiy  towftrds  UvtkpX^  who  Aat  rapt 
SibivolGftQio  »pirit  of  the  ^tfangcr. 

PjMl  itifhyy  !JtarLt?d,  and  Itjnied  iQ- 
i|iiffiifty  u|H>n  JpirMJ^  wlia^  eq(ia]Jy 
*Mp$  U>  Pfturi  owD  mrne^tneiia  of  dia- 

««^id  thtii  Cir  miniunml  tmdboorer&d. 

*^  Ktv^r  fesr,  OiipUu»/'  naid  the  wtug^ 
**tliliiiiiiilitru«Mu«;  t  fceret  coarier, 
mA  aa  Anwfioui  born.  Ue  u  aa  escftp- 
tdprimiorarwir.'' 

**  Ali^  OftpUired  ID  A  %\C\n  V*  naked  Paid 
ii|iH|;— **  whut  ftbi^»  ?     l^me  of  min^  I 

""HOiilrilti  the  brignntiae  Washington, 
MOl  6r  BotUm,*'  repliija  Israel ;  "  We 
«W1  Hflttftlllif  to  CQt  off  supplied  to  tbo 

^•OM  your  shlpntates  talk  much  of 
iwr*  dmandeil  Paul,  with  a  look  as  of 
a  ptfB4fifig  Siotix  ileinaudii)^  homage  to 
hiifftw-fawe;  ^^what  did  th«y  aay  of 

"^t  tterw  liaard  the  n«me  Wfom  thb 
•hsIm,**  Mid  Itrael 

■W&it  All— brigaotlne  WasMiif- 
Iwi    litt  me  ie« ;  that  wai  before  I  had 

iSltPitCad  thi^  ^iL  l>v   frifiriLTit    fnni7lit  the 

mHbrd,  tnd  1  id 

Mara  tilt  Dews,  my  Ud/'  he  added  with 
a  ml  of  onmpa»«ionato  air. 

^  0«r  fHrnd  here  giiv«  jon  a  rtib^ 
blqat  tn^wo'/'  imd  iiie  wbe  iiiati^  «afe- 
Ij  Biilrtikyom,  aad  addr«a8ir>g  Paol. 

•Yfft,  Aod  I  like  hlin  for  it.  My 
WB|  w'"  I  a  crul<t  with  Paul 

tool  wi.  Ml  bloat  with  the 

tOBfiw,  i^f>.<  '       ' '^n>  ^^^^   the 

iM.    C«>m  t  with  tue  to 

BfM.    I|i>...  ^  .  ..  ..,...' 

find  ^y  tlia  contaf iotii  ipirit  of  Paul, 
ImIi  AifgetUtiff  all  about  hk  proviotia 
te^  to  madi  mtm#^  i^parkM  with  re- 
in tTn*  •^umrnftnt.  But  l>octor 
kJi  tiv!  him* 

ns/^  said  he  to  tbt  Onp 
la^  ; ,  I  «Mmi  eofi^  for  very  dif* 

Itodi  ttJjcr  oooremdon  followed, 
*ri^f  which  Panl  Jociet  afaln  and  •gain 
*iyiiiid  lab  imjittSMde  at  bdng  aoem* 
I^M|  wsd  Ida  tiaolalloa  to  aooi^i  of 


no  employ  iinlesB  it  gave  him  iupreme 
authority;  while  in  aoswer  to  aU  thin, 
Dr  Franklin,  not  tminflueneed  by  the 
imcoinpromisiDg  spirit  of  his  gaest,  and 
well  knowing  that  however  unpleasant  a 
trait  in  oonver&ation,  or  in  the  traoaao- 
tion  of  civil  affairs,  yet  in  war,  this  very 
qnality  was  ia  valuable,  as  projectilee  and 
combustibles,  finally  annr^d  Paul,  after 
nianv  oomplimeiitary  remarks,  that  bo 
wodd  immediately  ©icrt  himself  Ui  the 
utmost  to  procoro  for  him  some  enter- 
pflm  which  flhoald  come  up  to  his  merita. 

"  ThaDk  you  f^ir  jour  frankness,"  said 
Paul;  "fmnk  myself  I  love  to  deal  with 
a  frank  man.  Too,  Doctor  Franklin, 
are  trae,  and  deep;  and  so  yoa  are 
frank." 

The  sage  sedately  fimiled»  a  queer  in* 
cr«»dality  just  lurking  in  tlie  corner  of  \m 
mouth* 

*'-  Bnt  how  abont  our  little  sebome  for 
new  moddlinfj:  alii ps-of- war  f*  said  the 
Doctor,  shifting  the  enbjeot;  "It  will  be 
a  great  thing  for  our  infant  nary^  if  we 
Kticceed.  Since  oar  last  oonYeriiatioa  on 
that  snbject,  Oaptain,  at  odds  and  ends 
of  time,  I  have  thongbtover  the  matter^ 
and  have  begun  a  little  Bkeleton  of  the 
thing  here,  which  I  will  show  you. 
Whenever  one  has  a  new  idea  in  any< 
thing  mechamoalf  it  is  beit  to  dotbe  it 
with  a  body  as  soon  as  poatible.  For 
yoti  can't  improve  so  well  on  ideas,  as 
you  can  oq  bodies.** 

With  that|  going  to  a  little  drawer,  he 
produc^'d  a  small  basket,  tilled  witli  a 
oiirtous  looking  nndnished  frame*work 
of  wood,  and  several  bits  of  wood  nitat- 
taclied.  It  looked  like  a  narsery  basket 
ooatalning  broken  odds  and  ends  of  play* 
thSnEB. 

''  Now  look  here,  Captain,  though  the 
thing  is  bnt  began  at  prej*ent,  yet  there  it 
enough  to  show  that  on^  idea  at  least  of 
youm  is  not  feasible.'' 

Pan]  was  all  atteaUon,  as  if  having 
nnboandod  eon^dence  In  whatever  the 
sAgo  might  snigeiit;  whdo  Israel  looked 
on,  quite  as  interested  ta  either;  his 
lieart  ewi^Uing  with  the  thonght  of  being 
pffvy  to  I  he  oomultatfons  of  twvi  Auch 
mon;  oons1lltatloIl^  too,  bfivVng  nltimale 
rufervnoe  to  such  momentoas  affatm  as 
tlje  fret'inir  of  tiatioti?!. 

*♦  It,**  ©i>nttfiuwl  the  Doctor,  taklnj;  np 
some  of  the  ]<>o«e  blis  and  piling  them 
along  oQ  one  side  of  the  top  of  the  ti'anie  \ 
^if  the  better  t^Mheleer  yonr  crew  ia  an 
engageinent^  you  C4*nitrnct  yoor  rail  in 
the  inaimer  proposed^-ai  Uiiis-^iben,  by 
the  excesiive  weighK  ol  Uim  ttmbar,  joa 


364 


I^ael  Potter;  ar,  Fi/t^  Ytan  of  E^U. 


[Sept, 


will  too  in  a  oh  ioterfere  with  the  ship's 
centre  of  gravity*  You  will  have  that 
too  high/' 

*'  Ballast  in  the  hold  in  proportion^" 
said  PauL 

"  Tbou  y^oti  will  idnk  the  whole  hull 
loo  low.  Bat  here,  to  have  I033  smoke 
in  time  of  battle,  especially  on  the  lower 
deeks^  Too  proposed  a  now  sort  of  hatoh- 
wiij.  But  that  won't  do*  See  hero  now, 
I  Lave  invented  certaio  ventilating  pipes 
—they  are  to  traverse  the  vessel  thua'*— 
laying  eotno  toilette  plos  along — *Hhe 
current  of  air  to  enter  here  and  be  dis- 
charged there.  What  do  yon  think  of 
that  r  Bnt  now  about  the  main  things — 
fast  Biuliiig,  driviog  little  to  leeward,  and 
drawing  HttJe  water.  Look  now  at  tliis 
keel  I  whittled  it  only  nfght  befora 
last^  jnst  before  going  to  bed»  Do  you 
see  now  how'*— 

At  this  crisis,  a  knock  wa^  heard  at  the 
door,  and  the  chambermaid  reappeared, 
annonncing  that  two  gentlemen  were 
that  moment  crossing  the  court  below  to 
sec  Doctor  Franklin, 

**Tbe  Doke  de  Ohartros^  and  Coont 
D'Estang,?-  said  the  Doctor,  *'tbey  ap- 
pointed for  last  night  bnt  did  not  come, 
Oaptain,  this  has  something  indirectly  to 
do  with  your  affair*  Thrungh  the  Duke, 
Oinnt  D^EstuDg  has  spoken  to  the  King 
about  tlie  ^cret  e:cpedltioD,  the  design 
of  which  you  first  threw  oat.  Call  early 
to-morrow^  and  I  will  inform  you  of  tbo 
resalt." 

With  hia  tawny  hand  Paul  pulled  out 
hia  watch,  a  small,  richly  jewelled  lady^a 
watoh, 

**  It  iSFO  late,  I  will  stay  here  to*night," 
he  sflid ;  **  Is  there  a  convenient  room  V 

"  Quick,"  said  the  Doctor^  '*  it  might 
be  ill-advised  of  yon  to  be  seen  with  me 
jnet  now.  Our  friend  here  will  let  yon 
share  hij  chamber,  Qaick,  Israel,  and 
sIjow  the  Captain  thither.*' 

As  the  door  closed  nprm  tliem  in  I^sra- 
el's  apartment,  Doctor  FrankUn's  door 
closed  upon  U)e  Duke  and  the  Count, 
Leaving  the  latter  to  their  di^ca^ion  of 
profound  plana  for  the  timely  befiiend- 
ing  of  the  American  catjse,  and  the  crip- 
pling of  the  power  of  En^'taud  on  tlie 
■eas,  let  ns  pass  the  night  with  PaiilJones 
and  Israel  in  the  neigh  boring  room. 


IHlAFtSft  X3. 

"*GoD  helps  them  that  help  them- 
<e1ri0/    ThatV  a  oUnoher.    That^sbeen 


my  eipeticnce*  But  I  neveir  saw  it  Jm 
words  bctbre.  What  pamphlet  ifithiat 
*  Poor  Richard,'  hey''* 

Upon  entering  laraers  room,  Oaptidn 
Paul,  stepping  tovrarda  the  table  and  Spy- 
ing the  open  pamphlet  there,  had  taken 
it  up,  his  eye  being  immediately  attract- 
ed to  the  passage  previoualy  marked  by 
our  adventurer, 

"  A  rare  old  gentleman  is  '  Poor  Rich- 
ard,' "  said  Israel  in  response  to  PauPfc 
obaenrations. 

**  So  he  seems,  so  be  seems  ;**  aniwer- 
ed  Paul^  his  eye  still  mnniug  over  th« 
pamphlet  again;  *^  why,  *  Poor  Kichard' 
reads  very  mach  as  Doctor  Frankliu 
speaks." 

"  He  wrote  it,"  said  IsraeL 

*' Aye?  Good,  So  it  is,  so  it  is ;  it*s 
the  wiite  man  all  over.  I  ransfc  get  ma  a 
copy  of  this,  and  wear  it  around  my 
neck  for  a  oharm.  And  uow  about  our 
qoart^rs  for  the  night,  I  am  not  going 
to  deprive  you  of  your  bed,  my  man.  Do 
yon  go  to  bed  and  I  will  doie  in  tl»e 
chair  here.  Its  good  dozing  in  the  cross- 
trees." 

"'Why  not  sleep  together,*'  said  Is- 
rael, "ae^itisa  big  bed.  Or  perliaj* 
you  don^t  fancy  yoar  bed-fellow,  Oa^ 
taint*' 

"  When,  before  the  ma«ft.t  I  first  sailed 
out  of  Whitehaven  to  Norway,"  paid 
Pjinl,  coolly,  **Ihad  for  hammock* mate 
a  full-blooded  Congo.  We  had  a  white 
blanket  spread  in  onr  hammock.  Every 
time  I  turned  in  I  found  the  Ooago^ 
black  wool  worked  in  with  tiie  white 
worsted.  By  the  end  of  the  voyage  the 
blanket  was  of  a  pepper-and-salt  look, 
like  an  old  man^s  turning  head.  So  it*s 
not  because  I  am  ncitional  at  all,  but  be- 
cause I  don't  care  to,  my  lad.  Turn  In 
and  go  to  sleep.  Let  the  lamp  burn*  I'll 
see  to  it.    There,  go  to  Bleep*" 

Complying  with  what  seemed  as  ?nuch 
a  ciimina'nd  as  a  request,  Israel »  tlioqgh 
in  bed,  could  not  full  into  slnrnb^r,  tbr 
thinking  of  the  little  circumstauce  that 
this  strange  swarthy  man,  flaming  with 
wild  enter|>rise.s  sat  in  Ml  suit  in  the 
chair.  He  felt  an  imeasy  misgiving  sen- 
sation, as  if  he  h^d  retired,  not  only 
without  covering  up  the  lire,  bnt  leartug 
it  fiercely  burning  with  Spitting  faggots 
of  liemlock. 

,  Bat  his  natural  c!omplsi=^?i  '  ~  ^^ed 
him  at  least  to  feign   hii  p; 

whereupou  Paul,  layli^g  nown  -i^Dor 
Richard,**  ros^  from  liis  chair,  and,  with- 
drawing his  boobs,  began  walking  rapidly 
but  noisdlesilj  la  ma  tm^  in  hb  fitock- 


T»ad  P^Ur;  of,  J^y  r«ir#  &/  ^xili. 


2S5 


\ 


tofii  ta  til*  fpiioloiift  roanii  wrapri«<1  id 
Ukfi  KMditanotu.  UradfurtUeh  eyed 
Uai  fl^PUB  bcnoaUi  tho  covi^rltd,  ftud  was 
mtrm  vtrock  bj  bk  wfp«et,  mw  llmi  Paul 
limglil  Uomf  imwmiolied.  Storo,  ro^ 
1«itei  mrpoiei,  to  h^  pur^mcd  to  the 
pofaite  fiir  ^ir<»0  bxjQiMiit^  >Dd  tlie 
aonto  oC  hortHe  caimoiif  w«r0  exprei^^d 
itt  tlM  imw  liftid  Hoes  of  tits  brow.  Hb 
riflkd  Hgjit  feuid  w^i  clutched  by  his 
fill,  lA  if  gntpiug  a  ctitlog^.  He  paced 
n  li  If  fcjvwioittg  upon  ji  forlifi- 
Miajitime  a  ^otifiised  hixzz  of 
CVM  from  tlie  neighbori&g 
r.  AH  eke  woa  profomid  miil* 
•%ki  trsiiqmJIitir,  Pr^eentlj,  ^aatmg 
tm  litfe  tntrror  «>v«r  tho  maotel,  F&uL 
ORlfilt  A  glimpKQ  of  bkfl  person.  He 
^iM9ii,  grimlj  mgariUng  it,  while  &  dMh 
tlplMed  «3uitonibry  i66m#d  to  mingle 
wllh  tk%  othiTwi^  BATAse  flatMactlon 
mtfntmd  In  hla  face.  But  the  laiter 
Pi»Jaatlmt»d.  Soon,  roUiiig  lap  hts 
rf^  t  a  queer  wild   Binile,    Paul 

Mr  ^'bt  arm,  and  stood  tbua  for 

m  uucrnUf  iijemg  its  tmni^o  In  the  glius. 
linai  vli«n  bo  lay,  Jtiriicl  mold  niit  cee 
Ite  i6d«  of  the  &rm  pruoented  to  the 
r,  but  h«  iaw  lU  rcti^tion,  and 
1  «l  pereeiFiitg  die  re,  framed  in  tJie 
i  anid  gildod  woikI,  eeridii  lurgo 
IfilfftwUted  cyphers  covcriu^  the  u'bd« 
I  of  IM  arm,  wj  fnr  n^  expo^ed^  wHU 
niotti  taiooings.  Tiie  dfisigii  wag 
U/  snllke  the  fanoiful  Sguref  ef 
beatti.  and  cablias,  safiieUmca 


fcgirmltng  ■mall   ()oni«jnf  of  eeatnen'a 


I 


froib  from 

---    : -.UpO' 


I  was  a  mrt  (\f  uttooiog  itich 
I*  li  ae«Q  only  im  thoroii#b*bmd  iaY- 
i^iB»  detp  bluiV  dAbornte,  bbyrinthinef 
In^el  rem«iiibored  Itivirig 
00  om  of  bii  «iHy  voysipt, 

rir 

%iiU«^  bi  k. 

4iiM  tbst  on  aotne  m 
Itel  uati  Lavo  nudcr^    ^ 
hlioo*  Mf  M»tlie  fiAgttll  ftftist. 

G»ir«rbf  bli  irm  again  with  bii  Uo^ 
Mai  Juif f^,  P&nl  gkiiGtd  SrenicAlly  at 
Ilia  hmsid  nt  the  mum  arm^  now  aj^ia 
ka)f  Iiiii]n44  in  rutfSea,  and  orttaaiMitad 
witS  Mf^nU  Parii»lao  rinp,  E%  t)i«l 
rtaam^d  hU  wfllkirui;  with  a  prowHng 
iir,  Itka  onu  hAduihig  aa  amboaeadc^; 
whiim  a  flcaui  tif  the  etiUMrioua  111*44  of  pci»- 
miiMt  a  oharaetar  aj«  yet  untathatnoii, 
iai  ItiddM  fiowaf  to  back  iin4u«pactta 
MJaala,  fcrradiat^il  hi*  eold  wlito  brow, 
wmk^  o^ttim  la  Uit  aliada  of  bb  hat  In 
Jtutorial  dbaalai,  b«d  bean  kft  iOf^ 


raountiDg  bisswartliy  faee,  like  the  flQen 
topping  tbe  Andes. 

Bo  lit  niiiktight,  the  heart  of  the  im 
tropolia  of  mou&rn  civilization  wu  se- 
oretly  tiXK)  by  tJtm  jaunty  barbarian  in 
bmad-eloth ;  a  sort  of  prophetical  ghost, 
glitmiieriDg  in  antidpatioii  upc-in  the  ad* 
veit  of  thcHe  tragic  scenes  of  tlie  French 
Eeveletion  which  ]eT«^lled  the  eiqui^lte 
refineoieiit  of  Paris  with  the  blood*ihipfity 
feroehy  of  Borneo ;  ehowing  that  broach- 
es and  Jinger^  rings,  not  less  than  nftm- 
rings  and  lattooing,  are  tokens  of  the 
priineval  savagene^  which  ever  slam- 
ben»  In  human  kind,  olvilised  or  nncivil* 
ked. 

UrmX  tlept  not  a  wink  that  night. 
The  troubled  flplrit  of  Paul  paeed  the 
ebaniber  till  morning;  when ^  copitm sly 
bathing  himself  at  tbe  WAi^h -stand,  Panl 
looked  care- free  and  fresb  as  a  day -br oak 
hawk.  Alter  a  t^'toscted  cOQBQltallon 
with  Doctor  Frariklin,  he  left  the  plaee 
with  a  light  and  dandi^ed  air,  switebing 
3iij  g*dd-hend^  cane,  and  throwing  a 
pa!«mg  arm  round  all  the  pn^tty  eh  a  in- 
ner ma  ide  he  enc^^uotered,  kig^iiij^'  them 
rewjundingly^a^  if  ialu ting  a  frigate.  AH 
barbarians  are  rakes. 


coAPtER  xm 

03?  the  Uiird  day,  ai  kraet  wns  wnlk^ 
tng  io  and  fro  in  hie  room^  having  t^ 
moved  his  00 drier**  boot%  for  fear  of 
diAtnrbhjg  the  I>i>ctor4  a  qtitck  iharp  rap 
at  the  door  annonneed  the  Amerieon  en- 
voy. Tbe  man  of  wi^idoDi  mtmed,  wiib 
two  imtkll  wadfl  of  piper  in  out  band^ 
and  several  craekers  and  a  bit  of  obeeae 
In  the  other.  There  was  eneb  an  elo- 
qnent  air  of  ta^tantaneotiii  dispatfib  about 
him,  that  itmel  Involnntarilv  vi^rmnf  t« 
his>  boot;\  and,  with  two  vi^^  % 

baukHl  them  on,and  theneei^'i  i.r, 

like  any  bird,  st«iod  p<4t^  for  iiia  flight 
acro.«a  the  chaiinal. 

**  Well  ilouL»,  my  honest  friend,"  said 
tlia  Doctor ;  ^'  von  have  tbe  papen  la 
your  I»ec1,  I  nuppo*^,*' 

"  Ah,^  isjtclaim*?d  lKra»1,  paroflviog  the 
mild  irony  i  and  in  an  Infitant  hii  l^noia 
were  off  a^iin ;  whi^n,  wiUiont  ani«ther 
woid,  the  Doctor  took  ono  booc^  and  1^ 
rael  the  other^  and  fcjrthwith  both  par 
tiai  prooeetkd  Ut  aeoi^te  the  doettmeiiia, 

^1  tMok  1  oonld  loprova  the  dtaigii,** 


Kiid  tlie  Mge^  Mj  notwiUistaBdmg  liis 
bast#,  lie  cHticallj  ejed  tlie  screwiog  ap- 
paratus of  tlie  boot.  "The  vacancy 
t^houJd  bave  beea  m  tlie  slanding  part  of 
tlie  hed,  Dot  in  the  lid.  It  sUooM  go 
with  a  springy  too,  for  better  dispatch, 
rH  draw  up  a  paper  on  false-heela  ooe  of 
these  da  J*,  and  send  it  to  a  privote  read- 
ing, at  the  Institute.  But  no  time  for  it 
now.  My  hontst  frlcnil,  it  is  now  half- 
past  t<;n  o^cIock.  At  half-past  eleveo, 
the  diligence  starts  from  the  Flocenlii- 
C&rrotisel  for  Calais.  Make  all  haste  till 
you  arrive  at  Breatfor^I.  I  have  a  little 
pro  render  here  for  yon  to  ©at  in  the  dill - 
gende,  as  you  will  not  have  time  for  a 
reguh^r  meal  A  day-and-night  eonrier 
fihoidd  never  be  without  a  cracker  in  his 
pocket.  You  will  probably  leave  Brent- 
ford in  a  day  or  two  after  yoor  ajrival 
there.  *  Be  warj,  now,  my  good  friend ; 
h^ed  well^  t bat,  if  you  are  caught  with 
ihem  papers  on  British  ground,  yoo  will 
involve  both  yonrself  and  our  Brentford 
friends  in  fatal  calamities.  Kick  bo 
man*a  boi»  never  luiud  whose,  in  Ihe 
way.  ilind  jour  own  boi.  You  can*t 
bo  tQO  caotioUB,  but  don^t  be  too  susplcl- 
oui.  G-od  bless  you,  my  hoaeat  friend. 
Gol" 

Antl,  flinging  the  door  opea  for  hii 
exit,  the  Dtictor  saw  Israel  dart  into  the 
entry*  vigt^rously  spring  down  the  stairs, 
and  disappear  with  all  celerity,  across 
the  court  into  tho  vaulted  way. 

Tlie  man  of  wisdom  stood  mildly  mo- 
tionless, n*  momout^  with  a  look  of  saga- 
dous,  humane  meditation  on  his  face,  qa 
if  pondering  upon  the  chanoes  of  the  im- 
portant enterprise :  one  which,  perhap?, 
might  in  the  sequel  a^ect  the  weaj  or 
woe  of  muions  yet  to  come.  Then  sud- 
denly clapping  his  baud  to  his  capacious 
coat- pocket,  dragged  out  a  bit  of  cork 
with  some  hens^  feathers,  and  hurrying 
to  hii  room,  took  out  his  knife,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  whittle  away  at  a  shuttle-cock 
of  an  original  scientific  construe  I  ion^ 
which,  at  some  prior  time  he  had  pro- 
miJied  to  send  to  the  young  Dutchess 
D- Abrantcs,  that  very  afternoon. 

Safely  reaching  Calais,  at  niglit^  Israel 
stepped  almost  from  the  dihgenoe  into 
the  packet,  and,  in  a  feiv  nunuents,  was 
cutting  the  water.  As  on  the  dillgeuce 
ho  took  an  outside  and  plebeian  seat,  so, 
with  the  same  secret  moiive  of  preserv- 
ing unsuspected  the  character  assumed, 
he  took  a  deck  passage  in  the  packet.  It 
coming  on  to  rain  violently,  he  stold 
doftn  Into  the  forecastle,  dimly  lit  by  & 


solitary  swinging  lanop,  where  were  two 
men  industriously  smoking^  ftnd  iUing 
the  narrow  hole  with  soporific  Tapora. 
The^e  induced  strange  drowsiness  in  Is- 
rael, and  be  fKjndered  bow  best  he  miglit 
indulge  it^  for  a  time,  without  imperilling 
the  precious  documents  iu  his  custody. 

But  this  pondering  iu  such  soponfia 
vapors  had  the  e3ect  of  those  mattjeiua- 
tical  device^  whereby  restless  peopk 
cipher  themselves  to  deep.  His  languid 
head  fell  to  bis  breast,  la  another  mo- 
ment, he  drooped  half-length  wi.^e  upon  a 
che^  his  legs  ont^tretcbed  before  bim. 

Presently  he  was  awakened  by  some 
interrneddleraent  with  his  feet.  Start- 
ing to  his  dhow,  he  saw  one  of  the  two 
men  in  the  act  of  slyly  eJipping  off  his 
right  boot,  while  the  lefl  one,  already  re- 
moved, lay  on  the  floor,  all  ready  against 
the  rascals'  retreat.  Had  it  nrtt  been  for 
the  lesson  learned  on  the  Foot  Keuf, 
Israel  would  instantly  have  inferred  that 
his  secret  mission  waa  known,  and  die 
operator  some  designed  diplomatic  knave 
or  other,  hired  by  the  British  Cabinet, 
thus  to  lie  iu  wait  lor  him,  fume  him  intD 
b1  urn  her  with  tobacco,  and  then  ridi?  him 
of  his  momentous  despatches.  But  as  il 
was,  he  recall  led  Doctor  Franklin's  pru- 
dent admonitions  agaiDst  the  indnlgence 
of  premature  suspicions, 

"  Sir^"  smd  Israel  very  civilly,  "  I  wiL 
thank  you  for  that  boot  which  lies  on  the 
floor,  and,  if  you  pkase,  you  can  let  the 
other  stay  where  it  Is." 

**  Excuse  mo,"  said  the  rascal,  an  ac- 
conipiished^  self- possessed  practitioner  in 
his  thieviiih  art ;  *'  I  thought  your  boots 
might  be  pinching  you,  and  only  wished 
to  ease  you  a  little." 

*^  Huch  obliged  to  ye  for  yanr  kind- 
ness, sir,''  said  Israel ;  *^'  hut  they  don^t 
pinch  me  at  all,  I  suppose,  thoagh,  yon 
think  that  they  wouldn't  pinch  p0U 
either ;  your  foot  looks  rather  small 
Were  yon  going  to  try  'em  on,  just  to  see 
how  they  fitted?" 

*'No,"  Baid  the  fellow,  with  saueii- 
roonious  seriousness;  ^^but  with  your 
permi^i^ion  I  should  like  to  try  them  on, 
when  we  get  to  Dyver.  I  couliinH  try 
them  well  w^nlking  on  this  tipsy  erkd's 
deck,  you  know*'* 

*^iro,"  answered  Isr&el,  "und  the 
beach  at  Dover  ain^t  very  amooth  either. 
I  guess,  Mpi>n  second  thooght,  you  had 
better  not  try  *em  on  at  all.  Beatdca,  J 
am  a  simple  si>rt  of  a  soul,— eccentric 
they  call  me, — and  don'^t  like  my  k»ota  to 
go  out  of  my  sight.    Hat  lift P 


185IJ 


Itraft  Poller;  or^  Ftfiy  Feari  0/  Mxih. 


m 


\ 


•*  Wba*  »r«  jott  ktighit>«  u  T  «od  the 

■•(Mii  ideal  I  ww  Juat  looidug  at 
ibpM  Slid  uld  pfttelK'd  biK>t«  ther^  on 
jiQsr  Ufftt  mid  t Kinking  Ut  my^](  what 
Mftkj  firc-bti.  ■  V  wotiltl  be  to  \i&m 

^m  Uilder  :<iiig  building.     It 

avw  Eioou  tW   tho^  old  fim-bncketa| 

•*  B^  plaaJto!*'  cn«d  tUo  fdbw,  TdUijig 
iictv  Ijt  A  Vild  fctrok©  to  clian^  tli9  fob- 
jt^  vw  growing  aligUtl/  aoilO|f- 

h^,  ^  ^  ;unko,  I  Wlicvu  we  are  get- 
IIm  iug;b  U^vtr,    L«»t*B  fi^u/* 

And  m  «4jlii(f,  lie  »|>ran^  uti  tbo  ladder 
tw1ii9.d«dL     Vjion  Israel  fipllnwing,  ho 


tko  |ittl«  crtift  hdl  bcc-atuetl,  roll- 
l^oatboct  ewcllA  almoiit  iu  the  eaa^t 
■rfiPi  0f  tLe  chaimoL  ll  w&h  Ju^t  baforo 
t^  h€mk  of  tho  morning  ;  tlic;  air  clear 
tad  fin*;  the  hwaTon^  spangled  with 
taakiif  twinkling   »tarf.    The    Frtnicb 

btlM<iy»ii4pi  vtarligh!-  *'■ '^  ^to  cliffi) 

of  DbTtt  roa^mhhng  a  ^  1  block 

«<  ABitlo  biiunttji.     Bo...    ..... .   iljow4*d 

i  ItoNtf  atraiglii  row  ot  Untpe^.  hmol 
ilimd  1140 ding  iu  tho  miildlo  of  the 
of  liOifio  wide  FtAtdy  street  IQ 
PnjuontU'  a  tryoJEo  sprung  up, 
tad  «rv  long  (imr  adventuri^r  dUcin barked 
tl  ilk  dastiued  i>or(^  autj  dlrycll/  jNjal^ 
oa  fo  BraDtfunl. 

Tba  fgiiowing  afternrM>fi,  hfivhig  galn- 
plooobaicn^ed  udmitJur  *h' houfte, 

afioofdiog    U>  i*r^i-\n*  uL%    ha 

mdtdog  la  Spilru  W^f^nirrn  k  j*  eb^et, 
MlSog  off  bit  Wjtfi  and  dtillveriug  hi 9 

mviiic  loQk«<1  over  tj^a  cotiiprt'^tnl 

tlvotf  tSftr"  '^f*'i  r 1  ,.  Iin,^  j*art]cidar* 

If  ■durtfliod  S^jtiire  turn* 

^nvoadttpi;  .   .aubited  hlcii 

ifoa  hit  aocoeanlul  luijuiioii ;  jilac^d  bom^ 
nteiliBiaiDt  before  birti,  and  afipri^ed 
ym  tiial,  owing  to  rcrtjilu  ttispi citrus 
9pB^imm  10  ih0  iivighhcirhofM),  ha 
(IfCial)  Biaft  oeiw  reinjiui  uouotaled  ia 
tk#  boot*  f^^r  a  *liy  or  twr>^  till  nji 
answer  •botil  ■ 

It  WM  A  EI4  wan 

iocDawWa  1  a  wldo 

aad   raiiil^Ili' 

Mil,    ^   tb..    ...M.      p.,, 
«(l4iUM»d  old   brlcktf^  in   \i 
erflad  £]ixah«t[,ru       \ 
ifidndiniftt 
BoUiing  bdt 
**Xmw,   »r 


'M    ^^odther- 

iriXMlly  htylo 

KK I  til.  itit    it  wa^ 

,  it  wiui 


*    wild    tbo 
f*r  cif  ffuosta^ 


the  freedom  of  the  honso.  So  I  »hall 
lmr&  to  pat  yon  very  »ntig!y  away,  to 
guard  agtiinst  any  chance  of  discovery/' 

So  sayiijg,  firat  locking  die  door,  he 
tfiacbed  a  spdng  nigh  th©  open  fire-place, 
M^  be  re  upon  one  of  tbe  black  aooiy  sloue 
jftiiiba  of  tbe  obimney  started  ajar  Jn^t  tike 
the  marble  gate  of  a  totnb,  hiaerting 
ono  leg  of  tha  heavy  mug^  m  tlie  crack, 
tbe  Sqntre  pried  thb  cavi^ruous  gat«  wid« 

**Why,  Sqoire  Woodcock,  what  U 
tbe  matter  with  yoar  chimney  T  said 
JsracL 

"Quick,  go  in  J' 

"Am  I  to  sweep  tbe  chimney f*  de- 
manded larad;  "I  didn*t  engage  for 
that." 

*VFooh,  poob,  tbiu  U  yotir  hiding-place. 
Come,  mbve  in,'* 

"  But  where  does  it  go  to,  Soul  re 
Woodcock  ?    I  don't  like  the  looks  of  it,'* 

"  Fallow  me»    111  show  you." 

Pci.h'mg  bis  florid  cor]>ulc^neo  into  the 
myiterioos  aperture^  tbo  elderly  Ssiuire 
k-d  the  way  up  a  sti^ep  stairs  of  stone, 
hardly  two  feet  in  width,  till  they  reach- 
ed  a  Ijttle  closet,  or  rather  c^tl^  built  into 
tbe  m^sire  main  wall  of  tht>  maiiiioa, 
aod  Teotikted  and  dimly  lit  by  two  little 
slciping  sliti,  ingenbtidy  concealed  with- 
out, by  tbeir  forming  the  aculpturotl 
moothi  of  two  grifliQa  cat  in  a  grvat 
sitone  tablet  decoratlog  that  external  \^n 
of  tbe  dwelling*  A  mattreaa  lay  rolled 
«p  in  one  corner,  with  a  jug  of  water,  a 
fla^k  of  wlnc%  and  a  w^ooden  t rent- her 
contatnini^  cold  roa»t  beef  and  bread. 

"  And  I  am  to  bo  buH#d  alire  horef** 
Bald  larae)^  nt^-^*^'*^  '-'Itng  roumh 

**  Hot  yonr  1  i  will  soon  be  at 

hand,"  smiled  ;!,„  ;:  j.„,c  ;  "two  dayt  at 
Ib^  furtiie^l.*' 

*'  Though  to  b«  sar^  I  was  a  sort  of 
prliioner  In  ParlA,  ju9t  as  I  seem  about  to 
bo  made  bcrc,"  said  larael,  "yet  Di>ctof 
Franklirj  put  me  in  a  better  jug  than 
thi%  Si|uir«9  Woodcock,  It  wa<t  ^et  out 
with  titifirjuebi  and  a  mirn^r^  arid  utht^r 
film  things.  B^yc^^  I  eoubl  ^tcp  oul 
Into  thij  «  I  '  T  :  "' 

"  Ab«  I'  ranct, 

and  tl.f-.  i-  :  .  -  wer© 

lij  a  ii>  i.-'!v  'ifM  in 

tJie *5!j\-iM>\-,  J,  _,..,,  -.f...,.,.i  ,....  ^^^-i.jovtfr- 
od  in  my  hounc,  and  your  aonneotioii 
with  me  bycamo  known,  do  yon  luvow 
that  it  won  hi  gi>  Ytry  hard  with  ma; 
Yery  hiird  ijidwS  f' 

"*  TbMi  for  your  sakt,  I  am  wlUlog  ta 
itay  wherever  you  think  bail  to  pat  ma,** 


288 


I^ael  p0tUr ;  or,  Fifty  Ytan  of  Emh. 


[Sept. 


**  Well  tben,  yon  say  jou  want  boQqnets 
and  ft  mirror.  If  thm^  articles  will  at 
all  help  to  £o1ac6  your  Beclusiati,  I  will 
brin^r  them  to  you." 

*^tho7  really  wotild  be  oonjpaoj;  tbe 
sight  of  my  ow^n  face  parttcularly/' 

**Stay  her^,  then,  I  will  be  back  in 
ten  minutes." 

In  [oss  llian  that  time,  the  good  old 
Squire  returned,  puffiftg  and  panting, 
with  a  great  bunch  of  flowers,  and  a 
HtDatl  sbaviDg  glass. 

*^  Til  ere,"  said  h«>,  pnttiog  them  down ; 
*'  I30W  keep  perfectly  qaiet;  avoid  making 
any  miduo  noise,  and  on  no  account 
descend  the  iiairSj  till  1  come  for  you 
again." 

*^But  when  will  that  be?"  asked 
Iifntel, 

"  I  will  try  to  come  twice  eadi  day 
while  yoQ  are  here.  But  there  Is  no 
kno^vlng  what  may  happen.  If  i  should 
not  visit  yon  till  I  come  to  liberate  you 
— on  tLe  evening  of  the  3*>cond  day,  or 
the  uiurning  of  the  third— you  must  not 
be  at  all  fiurprised,  my  good  fellow. 
There  is  pleuty  of  food  and  water  to  last 
you.  But  mind,  on  no  ae<sount  dei^cud 
the  stone -3 1  airs,  lill  I  com©  for  you." 

With  that^  bidding  hi*  gueat  adieu,  be 
left  him. 

Israel  stood  glancing  pensively  around 
for  a  time.  By^and-by,  moving  the 
rolled  inattreas  nnder  the  two  air-slita,  he 
moUDted,  to  try  if  aught  were  yiHible 
beyond.  Bnt  nothing  was  to  be  seen 
but  a  very  thin  &Iico  of  blue  sky  peeping 
through  fiie  lofly  foliage  of  a  great  tree 
planted  ncarilie  side-portal  of  the  man- 
sioii ;  an  ancient  tree,  eoeval  with  the 
ancient  dwelling  it  guarded. 

Sitting  down  on  tlje  mattreEE,  Israel 
fell  into  a  reverie. 

Poverty  and  liberty^  or  plenty  and  a* 
prison,  seem  lo  be  the  two  horna  of  the 
constant  dilemma  of  my  life,  thought  he. 
Let*s  look  at  the  prisoner. 

Atid  taking  up  the  shaving  glass,  he 
iur veyed  his  lineaments. 

'*  Whjit  a  pity  1  didn't  think  to  ask  for 
razora  and  soap.  I  want  shaving  very 
badly.  I  shaved  last  in  France.  Row 
it  would  pass  the  time  hero.  Had  I 
a  oomb  now  and  a  razoi',  1  might  sliave 
and  curl  my  hair,  and  keep  inakiiig  a 
oootintiol  toilet  all  through  tfie  two  days, 
and  look  spruce  as  a  rijbta  wlien  1  get 
(»ut.  1^11  ^'^  the  E<|uire  for  the  thingit 
'lis  very  night  when  be  dt'0|>*«  In.  Horkl 
|Sn*t  that  a  sort  of  rumbling  in  the  wall  ? 
[  hope  there  ain*t  any  oven  next  dt»or,  if 
io,  1  »hail  be  B<>orchf^  ouL    liers  I  am. 


just  like  a  rat  in  the  wainscoL  I  wish 
there  wm  a  low  window  to  look  oat  of* 
I  w^onder  what  Doctor  Franklin  \a  doing 
now,  and  Pad  Jones?  Earkl  iljeni''8  a 
bird  singing  in  the  leaves.  B^  t\$T  din- 
ner, that." 

And  fur  paatime,  he  applied  himself  to 
the  beef  and  bread,  and  took  ft  draught 
of  tho  wine  and  water* 

At  last  night  fell.  Ho  waa  left  in  ntl^r 
darkness.    Ko  sqnire. 

After  an  anxious,  sleeploaa  night,  he 
saw  tw>  long  flecks  of  pale  grt^y  iighl 
slanted  into  the  cell  from  the  slits,  liko 
two  long  spears.  He  rose,  rolled  up  bis 
mattress,  got  upon  Uie  roll,  and  put  bis 
month  to  one  of  the  grilBns  mc^ntbs. 
He  gave  a  low,  just  audiblo  whistle,  di- 
recti ng  it  towards  the  foliage  of  the  tree. 
Presently  there  was  a  slight  rustling 
among  tlia  leaves,  then  one  soUtiry  chir- 
rup, and  in  three  minutes  a  whole  cborns 
of  melody  burst  upon  bis  ear* 

"Tve  waked  the  first  bird"  said  he  to 
himself,  with  a  smile,  *'  and  Ue*a  waked 
all  1  he*  rest.  Now  then  for  breakf&si. 
That  over,  I  dare  say  the  squire  will  drop 
in." 

Bnt  the  breakfast  was  over,  and  the 
two  flecki  of  pale  light  had  changed  to 
giilden  beams,  and  [he  golden  beams 
grew  less  and  less  shmdng,  till  they 
straightened  thetnselvea  np  out  of  sight 
altogether.    It  was  noon  and  no  6f|uira. 

He'^s  gone  a  hunting  before  breakfast^ 
and  got  belated,  thought  hrad* 

The  afternoon  shadows  leDgtbenc^.  It 
was  sunset ;  no  squire. 

lie  mast  be  very  busy  trying  some 
sheep-5itealer  in  the  hall,  mused  Israel, 
I  hope  he  won't  forget  all  about  me  till 
tn-morrow. 

He  waited  and  listened ;  and  listen^ 
and  waited. 

Another  restlesf  night;  no  sleep; 
TOorni  tig  came.  The  second  day  passed 
like  the  0r@t,  and  the  night,  Ou  ih^ 
third  morning  the  flowen  lay  sbrnnken 
by  his  side*  Drops  of  wet  ooaing  through 
the  air'siits,  feU  dully  on  the  alrme  Hoor, 
Ue  heard  the  dreary  b^^atings  of  tli^?  tfti&e^ft 
leaves  against  the  mouth:^  of  tlie  griffins, 
bed  ashing  them  with  the  spray  of  the 
rain-storm  w  iihout.  At  intervals  a  burst 
of  thunder  railed  over  hi-  '  '  .id 
lightning  flasliing  dt»wn  thrn.  t^ 

lit  np  die  cell  witl  -''•-■:  ;.'i;li -,  ud- 

lowed  by  ?barp  s.  md  raltUngs 

'[  third  day, 

mu         .  _  --  ;  ;   he  said  bd 

would  at  the  fartlieat  come  to  moon  th^ 


1854] 


lif^i  PotUri  or,  Mft^  Tmrt  c/  EMU, 


pw»romff  f>f  tbft  third  dnf,  Hits  is  It. 
Piiirnc^,  be  if  ill  ba  ber<>  yet-  Morning 
IiaU  till  HoQti, 

Boi  r  w^Pfpff  tn  tUe  morki0«9  of  tli«  day, 
Hi»a-  ^  to  Uil  when  noon  cjuh©, 

Unri  *  ercdit  that  noon  had 

coa*  Add  |iiU4%  till  duitk  b«i  ptably  In. 
IkcidiM  a«  knew  ooi  wbrtT,  tj«  found 
hiiiiialf  Wbd  in  the  dArkrto«i  of  §tlll 
mrilwr  nii^bt.  How  over  patient  and 
iNfidkl  li J I  ^     '  J I  udc  no  w  prewjntly 

kn  hdm,  \  as  if  somo  cunta- 

ifow  l^er  '  -  1 ,  h 0  w a^  ntll ict- 

Sd  with  «lr  nts  of  mber^t 


He  liftd  i«i«li  fell  ilw  be<  but  tl)«re 
vi«  lir«ftd  tod  vat«r  tiuf^dent  to  laat  by 
iouooanj,  fcT  two  of  three  dnjs  to  come* 
U  WM  &a<  tlie  pnng  of  bnnger  then,  but 
»  AkMaiire  inigixwtmf  in  hb  inrtteri- 
iOi  iaen««Fttioii,  whicb  appADod  hUn. 
ML  tbr^ofh  the  long  bonrs  of  this  par- 
tieoltf  ii%^t^  the  ien«e  of  Wing  m&aoned 
W^  la  lli#  wall,  grew,  ftnd  ^ow,  and 
■ijiv  vpoti  hlnif  ttil  updn  und  ng&tn  li« 
IM  mfa«lf  oonTuyvcly  from  tho 
kr;  an  If  rft»t  blndct  of  sionQ  hud  been 
liU  on  blm;  ai  If  he  Imd  boon  digging 
A  d«»|i  w«11,  fend  the  aunm  work  with 
•H  Ihi  excftrated  darlh  hail  cilved  In 
QpM  btfn^  where  he  burrowed  ninety 
till  btiMMi  the  dorer.  In  the  blind 
Kmb  of  ihe  tuidnight  he  Btretohed  hia 
two  amia  nUlewayv,  fend  feU  An  If  coffined 
iiiMl  b<tn|E  feblo  to  e;Etend  them  eitraight 
fNrt,  on  opposito  fltd6«.  for  the  nArrow* 
9tm  of  thd  cell.  Ho  ie«t(»d  himself 
^liiaist  OHO  iSde  of  tho  waU^  crowwiae 
with  the  C4i11,  and  pn«hed  with  hi  19  feet 
M  Um  opptwito  wall  But  still  mlodftil 
^  h\»  promi'ie  Sn  thU  i^iEtiTniity,  ho  uL- 
*  no  cry.  He  inutuly  raved  in  the 
The  de!lrioi;^  »cn^o  of  the 
of  light  wtti  poon  iidd<?d  to 
I  Other  dchriiifn  &a  to  the  e^ntrafition 
Tha  lids  of  his  eten  bnr>4t 
ttnpotcnt  distention «  Tlien  ho 
the  fe^ir  ilAtflf  wni  glutting  tin- 
_  bl«^  He  «tood  tip  hi  the  griffln 
ilitA,  pre«-tin^  hi*  llpa  fur  bto  them  till 
1m  Rioolded  hiM  tipi  there,  to  &uek  tlio 
\  of  the  opea  air  po»tbl«. 

ftantinnally,    to    heighUa    hb 

.  Titirr^l  to  hlin  Mitti  and 

ttr.  Squire  hid  tnld  hha  aa 

^  ongiri  nt  the  cell,    It  »een)ed  that 

I  pnit  of  the  old  hoQ»e,  or  rather  thin 

1f«f  it,  waa  extr«tndy  anotaat,  dating 

Itmnd  lilt  era  of  EUobathf  haiiiif 

iKiriBfid  nnrtii.ri  rJ  .i  r^lfgiona  r««raal 

Thu  dotnea- 

r  wta  rigid  and 


9.: 


merc^eas  in  the  extreme.  In  a  nide  wall 
of  tlidr  aeeond-story  oh  ape)  ^  horizontal 
and  OQ  a  ievcd  with  the  tlnor,  tliey  bad 
an  iniemal  vacancy  left,  exacrly  of  the 
shape  and  average  aixe  of  a  eottiii.  In 
tlm  place,  A-om  tiroa  to  time,  inmatea 
oon?ieted  of  contnmaoy  wero  oonfined ; 
but,  tirang^  to  &av,  not  I1II  they  were 
penitent,  A  small  hole,  of  the  girth  of 
one*s  wrl^t,  innk  like  a  telescope  tlrfee 
feet  throggh  the  nia^onry  Into  t!i©  cell, 
eerved  at  once  for  ventjIatJon,  and  lo 
pnsh  throngh  fcjoiJ  to  the  jiriEWDner.  This 
bole  opening  into  the  chapel  alao  ena* 
bled  the  poor  eolltaire,  ai  int^^nded,  to 
overhear  the  relfgioua  eervlces  at  the 
altar;  and,  without  beSng  pfeaent,  take 
part  in  the  «anic.  It  was  doamed  a  good 
ffign  of  the  state  of  the  sufferer^  «oq], 
if  from  tlie  gloomy  roces^ea  of  the  wall, 
wa«  heard  the  agonised  groan  of  hIa 
diMnal  response.  This  wad  regarded  in 
the  light  of  a  penitent  wail  tram  the 
dee*! ;  boeuuse  tfio  custoTn^  of  the  order 
ordaincth  that  when  any  iurnate  sliould 
be  first  incarcemtod  in  the  wall,  ha 
ahoiild  b*?  r<  MO  muted  to  it  In  tbo  pro- 
aenoe  of  aU  the  brethren;  ih^  ehief 
reading  the  b^ir^nl  servico  aa  tht  Ufa 
body  wai  !»opulchrcd.  Botuetlmes  Reireral 
waeki  elapsed  ere  tie  diijentoiubment. 
The  penitent  being  then  n^nally  fonnd 
Domb  and  oongealed  In  all  his  extremi- 
tiea,  like  one  newly  atnoken  with  para^ 
Ipis. 

Thla  ootBn-oell  of  the  Templars  had 
baeti  sotfered  to  remain  in  the  dtfmontjon 
of  the  general  edifleei  to  make  wny  for 
the  erection  of  the  new^  in  the  reign  of 
Qneen  Ehzabeth,  It  waa  enlarged  aomo- 
what,  and  nUeretl,  and  additionally  Ten- 
tilated,  to  adapt  it  for  a  place  of  con- 
ce^rneDt  in  times  of  civil  aissenaioii. 

With  thi)«  iii^ilory  ringing  in  hia  eoKtl^ 
ry  brain,  It  may  readily  be  conod?id 
what  IsnM^la  feelings  tnast  baire  been. 
Here,  in  this  very  darkneaa,  centnriea 
ago,  hearts,  human  a^  his,  hw\  luildowed 
in  dr«pnir;  liEubsi,  robust  as  his  own,  had 
iti "  :  [imo vablo  torpor. 

,  after  what  aeeuied  all  the 
proiiliuUii  dayg  and  jeaii  of  Daniel, 
morning  broke.  The  bane  volant  light 
entered  the  oeil^  ^^        '      *  na 

if  it  hid  bean  aoi<  u>e 

^najj  the  8(||ntre  ntcit-f  n,  roinn  at  iast 
to  redeem  him  from  thralL  Soon  hta 
dumb  rafingt  entirely  left  h^'*'  '*"-*  "fa- 
duaJly,  with  a  mm\  cahn  :  re- 

rcdvedalllhe  circiwustanct^  ^.  : —  ^n» 
ditlon. 

Ea  ootdd  Boi  be  mfatalcea;  lonietlifiif 


290 


The  Songs  that  never  yet  were  Sung, 


[Sept 


fatal  most  have  befallen  his  friend.  Is- 
rael remembered  the  Squire^s  hintiug, 
that  in  case  of  the  discovery  of  his  clan- 
destine proceedings,  it  would  fare  ex- 
tremely hard  wi3i  him.  Israel  was 
forced  to  conclude  that  this  some  unhap- 
py discovery  had  been  made ;  that  ow- 
ing to  some  untoward  misadventure,  his 
good  friend  had  been  carried  off  a  State- 
prisoner  to  London.  That  prior  to  his 
going,  the  Squire  had  not  apprised  any 
member  of  his  household  that  he  was 
about  to  leave  behind  him  a  prisoner  in 
the  wall ;  this  seemed  evident  from  the 
circumstance  that,  thus  far,  no  soul  had 
visited  that  prisoner.  It  could  not  be 
otherwise.  Doubtless,  the  Squire,  Iiav- 
ing  no  opportunity  to  converse  in  pri- 
vate with  his  relatives  or  friends  at  the 
moment  of  his  sudden  arrest,  had  been 
forced  to  keep  his  secret,  for  the  present, 
for  fear  of  involving  Israel  in  still  worse 
calamities.  But  would  he  leave  him  to 
perish  piece-meal  in  the  wall  ?  All  sur- 
mise was  baffled  in  the  uncoi\jooturable 
possibilities  of  the  case.  But  some  sort 
of  action  must  speedily  be  determined 
upon.    Israel  would  not  additionally  en- 


danger the  Squire,  but  he  could  not  in 
such  uncertainty  consent  to  perish  where 
he  was.  He  resolved  at  all  hazards  to 
escape :  by  stealth  and  noiselessly,  if  pos- 
sible; by  violence  and  outcry,  if  indis- 
pensable. 

Gliding  out  of  the  cell,  he  descended 
the  stone  stairs,  and  stood  before  the  in- 
terior of  the  jamb.  He  felt  an  immova- 
ble iron  knob ;  but  no  more.  He  groped 
about  gently  for  some  bolt  or  spnng. 
When  before  he  had  passed  through  t£e 
passage  with  his  guide,  he  had  omitted 
to  notice  by  what  precise  meohanism  the 
jamb  was  to  be  opened  from  within,  or 
whether,  indeed,  it  could  at  all  be  open- 
ed except  from  without. 

He  was  about  giving  up  the  search  in 
despair,  after  sweeping  with  his  two 
hands  every  spot  of  the  waU-snrfiice 
around  him,  when  chancing  to  tnm  hit 
whole  body  a  little  to  one  side,  he  heazd 
a  creak,  and  saw  a  thin  lance  of  light.' 
His  foot  had  unconsciouslypressed  some 
spring  laid  in  the  floor.  The  jamb  wai 
i^ar.  Pushing  it  open,  he  stood  at  liber- 
ty in  the  Squire's  doset. 


THE  SONGS  THAT  NEVER  YET  WERE  SUNG. 


COULD  I  arrest  the  flight  of  Tune, 
Revive  the  years  of  yore, 
I  would  not  ask  one  sorrow  less. 

Or  know  one  joy  the  more ; 
Enough  could  I  but  sing  the  songs 
I  should  have  sung  before. 

n. 
My  days  and  years  have  silent  been, 

For  all  that  I  have  sung : 
Some  dreamy  rhymes  have  dropped  from  me, 

Some  sad  hath  sorrow  wrung ; 
But  nothing  great;  and  now,  alas! 

I  am  no  longer  young! 


I  would  recall  my  early  dreams. 

But  they  are  dead  to  me : 
As  well  with  last  year's  withered  leaves 

Re-clothe  a  this  year's  tree : 
It  is  not  what  I  might  have  been, 

But  what  I  yet  may  be ! 

rv. 
That  thought  alone  avails  me  now. 

And  all  regrets  are  vain ; 
They  seem  to  bring  a  dreamy  bliss, 

But  bring  a  certain  pun : 
To  him  who  works,  and  only  him, 

The  Fftst  retnma  again  1 


2^1 


FEAIRIE   LETTER  S. 


TMB  LOBt  CBILD. 


MUjioLi,  J^t^fE,  ISM.  f 


Ur  DiuR 


I 


t 


.  .  IIahj  &  ihao  I  would  give 
__  for  tlid  cytiiiMXiioiwihip  even  of 
TBiy  dog  PliUefiius  itf  wimin  ihe  Oalifor- 
lUAiM  rubbcti  mo,  II t>  could  uot  oon verse, 
il  k  Unc,  And  ymi  hh  voice  to  mj  ear 
«ii  i&are  6ji(ii^.>sLVi>  thaa  that  of  most 
fit^kmm  I  ii««ir  imiu&tj  mo  ^  furthejflpeak 
ii>^8ititnil  tunguogcv  bat  li  kiad  of  jiirgon^ 
Itfiotpl,  I  fuUj  UlJovc,  ill  Babel  at  tba 
^^btiilii  of  tli«lr  rovVf  wfjik  bo  was 
itiim  AAlorAl,  ea»j  and  mU'Uigout. 

tt\«  wtra  wiib  mo  now  ho  would  lio 

ffua  tJM  lloar  ia  tUe  wju-ta  Buas!iin@  aad 

vildi  wy  writing  witb  Lalf-shut  dreamy 

4ft^^^tiC€^ovitl]y  h&  would  get  up  and 

v4  face  ia  mj  lap  to  let  m© 

was  pr«4)iitf  luid  to  l>e  as- 

u>  a  iamillar  pat  tliat  I  undcrilaod 

lil(Qt  to  M  to,  and  tttcn  go  back  to  a  hun- 

t  to  idccrp  and  dj  cam  aguiu^ 

wa*  a  Mf  £#p  dog,  wboio  [lecaliar 

t«lviil  tA  t4>  traco  out  birdie  and 

lAd  mark  tbcoi^  until  ttio  bnnti^r 

v(i  to  fib  00 1  tbom  as  Ibey  rbe,  atid 

io   retrieve  tbem  for    him.    But 

hiil  WM  oo  oommoa  one  t  a^ure  yoa. 

Clf  oooTM  be  could  eceut  a  bird  at  ao  v 

f^apottabla  dlitanoei  a^d  follow  ita  track 

l^yofh  ihm  tall  pralria  graia  with  ua* 

vtliig  ^trtaiiitjr ;  ooold  dittiogtiiab  at  once 

iWlracIt  of  a  prairie  cbickeD  or  a  plover 

fimm  m  hawk  or  bittern,  and  waa  cover 

biiwft  to  Ibilow  or  set  the  latter,  or  ro- 

Ui&f^  ihtm  wbiiii  abol,  iink'ti^  btddeu. 

Ba  waa  a  band  tome  dog  too,  with  floe 

liif,  wbite  and  brown  in  enota ;  with  long 

fHofca  it|iim  bla  kip  and  taU ;  a  ba^al 

a]o«ig  fiw»e,  lad  baad  that  would  da 
illi)  a eaiiina  stateaiDati  or  ph{li>ao- 
(to*  HiJ  soft  i-ilky  cars,  aanglag 
«Motlilv  down^  giviiig  full  prutnlneooa 
la  tlia  b«sip  (much  prU«d  bj  ban  ten 
HimIi  tutlmown  t4>  Oomba)  of  prtidd* 
iiifi£>Batlirati«i«.  Man  J  a  timo  have  I 
Hlmi  down  mj  fawltug-fileoe^  ilDng  on 
V  ffViA-^ft  ^^4  was  noMtUog 

tetCel^air^  ^  tb«»  aiuWatioo 

4f  kia  Joy  at  •e.iirg  i-iy  well-known  pre- 
jMiTfanii  Cur  a  btiat.    Then  b«  waald 

1^  -..,»  ..,,T,  ^ij  ^y^fJ£  jii  anjrtlytig.  or 
I  orer  la  the  graai  aad  then 

cu„  . .  1.^  Smi  apln^  to  aallca  i&a  to 
I  prtino  or  tba  Bald.  But  all  lljoat 
p  dMUoMtntkiaa  of  joy  wera  vttUod 


in  a  moiDent  whcti  W9  had  reached 
ground  whore  ^mue  migbt  be  eii>octed. 
Ha  then  commenced  bb  serioUi*  busiuos^. 
No  voice  b  now  heard  Trom  him,  ha 
takes  DO  nutice  of  me  eicept  to  mark  the 
directiou  which  I  take^  but  with  a  jitoady 
run  he  course  zig-iag  acroas  tlio  fiekl, 
bb  tail  in  coQtluuiil  motton  with  a  rolMng 
I  wing.  Now  he  ntopa  f^uddeoly,  pauseti 
a  moment  at  if  to  assure  Liixiaell  that  h# 
h  not  misiaken,  and  then  goea  on  less 
rapidly.  Ho  baa  acented  (^atne ;  he  no 
bnger  iwlngs  his  tail,  no  longer  pursuei 
a  aevioiia  oourie,  but  with  a  steady, 

Suiet  motion,  step  by  step  be  f<d!owB  np 
iG  acent  cautiously,  slower  and  fibwer ; 
and  DOW  he  stops.  Look  at  him!  It  wero 
worth  a  pamter'a  while  to  picture  bim, 
though  fi^w  oouJd  do  him  Justice,  Ilo 
aiaiuh  mute  aud  motionloai  ai  a  etatui*, 
his  right  leg  Tn,\md  and  fielded  at  tlm 
knee,  hid  toil  ri^id  an<l  straight  as  an 
iron  bar,  his  body  drawn  forward ;  no 
m^ition-^yoa  scarce  pcrcetvo  that  he 
broatliea.  But  it  is  clear  that  it  h  not 
tlie  posture  of  repcee,  lli^  earnait  look, 
Im  keen  eye  gandng  Intonacly  forward  at 
the  spot  where  the  bird  has  cowered^  and 
every  musole  held  firmly  to  ita  trust.  He 
no  longer  looka  for  hia  master  or  heodi 
bi3  presence,  or  even  bears  his  voice  i 
every  thought,  every  faculty,  every  nerve 
feola  but  on  a  impulse,  and  obeys  one 
power,    Phil  has  made  a  "  point,  * 

Bat  it  wai  not  for  his  skill  in  hunt!  tig 
that  I  most  valued  him.  He  had  that 
taleat  in  eommon  with  hia  race ;  but  he 
had  iitlters  not  often  found  in  a  set- 
ter. Thoy  all  know  how  to  track  and 
sat  birda^it  Is  part  of  their  natures — 
bat  they  mr^ly  know  aught  more,  Tbey 
fi&n  hunt  blrdi^  but  that  U  the  extent  of 
their  capactty.  One  i^  ofton  eur^irtsed, 
astonbhod  even,  at  their  sagacity  tn  this 
matter,  while  they  betray  anch  extreme 
dulneas  In  every  other.  They  are  dog4 
of  one  idea ;  every  other  faculty  seetua 
Va  be  dwarfed  to  make  a  prodigy  of  this. 
Their  whole  power,  their  whole  intdll- 
geoce,  seems  ooaceniratctd  in  tliii  one 
^  _ .  _  ^  ^^  wooder  that  i  t  h  htl  11  ian  t ; 
Vave  no  general  knowlt^dge,  or 
v^^u  1 11^  uiiad  to  aetjuire  it.  But  ihb 
wna  not  the  oaae  with  Hiih  He  was  ba- 
hind  none  of  them  in  thU  partlciibir 
brittch,  while  he  wia  before  tZiom  in 
•irary  other,     lie  bad  gmiral  inteUi* 


FrairU  LeUen, 


[S^pL 


Kence*  He  was  not  a  professor  merelj^ 
Phil  was  &  pMLufiopiier,  Ha  bad  Idefla 
not  pertdiiitig  to  Ma  own  deiiartmeDt  of 
bird  hnntitig. 

You  could  tell  him  of  odier  thingSp 
and  he  knew  when  he  tintler^tood  jou  \ 
iiuil  he  would  let  yon  know  it,  not  only 
by  doing  what  yon  wished,  but  by  hh 
looks,  eyes,  everything.  But  I  will  tell 
jou  une  of  biji  doings,  and  you  can  judge 
if  he  does  not  deserv©  my  praise.  But 
I  tind  I  must  do  Uds,  if  ever,  at  another 
time  ;  for  it  will  lead  me  bo  far  into  the 
prairie,  where  so  many  things  must  be 
eiplained  to  enable  you  to  understand 
me,  that  tliis  already  long  letter  would 
be  eitended  heyoDdallreasanahle  limits. 

But  now,  before  you  can  fully  under- 
aUind  the  st*>ry  of  Phil,  you  most  have 
some  good  idea  of  a  prairie.  Hut  how 
to  give  you  tlii:?,  I  know  nut.  There  is 
uu  deseribiog  them.  They  are  like  the 
o6S(tn^  ju  more  than  one  particular ;  but 
hi  none  more  than  in  this:  the  niter  im- 
paasihility  of  producing  any  just  impress 
^ion  of  them  by  dej^^criptiou.  Tliey  in- 
sph'e  feelingi*  so  unique,  so  distinct  &om 
anything  else,  ao  powerful,  jet  vague  and 
indefinite,  as  to  defy  deacription,  while 
they  invite  the  attempt  Notliing  but 
the  oce&a  comparea  with  the  prairie,  in 
lt9  impre^ion  on  the  mind ;  find  like  the 
oaean,  it  Is  impossible  to  tell  in  what  its 
illstiuQtJve  character  consists;  unless  it 
be  their  vastnes^i,  the  want  of  anything 
on  w!jiGh  the  eye  can  rest,  and  say  tliat 
there  the  prairie  or  the  ocean  ends,  I 
think  it  must  be  this ;  for  every  other 
feature  about  them  I  have  seen  cliange, 
and  leave  ihem  ihe  prairie  s-till*  I  have 
leen  them^  in  tlie  imd-winter,  covered 
with  enow;  a  white  wiiate,  cold  and 
bleak,  BO  white  that  the  sky  looked 
strangely  blue,  almost  blaok,  above  theTU, 
shnttiug  down  on  them  far,  far  inside 
their  viewless  limits.  Then,  again,  I 
hav9  aeen  them  covered  with  green  ver* 
dnrei  blooming  rich  with  f  owers  (not  in 
fitinted  patoTies  tike  thuise  sweet  spots  we 
know  in  childhood,  where  soTne  opening 
in  the  forest  shade  lets  the  warm  sunlight 
in),  but  by  a^rea~^4ome  in  curved  belta, 
eircUng  the  round  knolls;  others  stretch- 
ing for  miles  along  the  devious  wander- 
ings of  some  watercourse;  here,  with  red 
ilaunting  flowers  crowning  the  hill-top  j 
Uiere^  a  few  yards  of  blue-be  lb  marking 
fiome  latent  spring;  and  here,  a  small  stiO 
lakd  covered  with  the  white  lotas  float- 
ing on  its  water  so  close  aa  to  leave  eeaafc 
room  for  the  Jhia,  with  plumage  white 
AS  tlieir  flowerets,  to  stand  among  them. 


And  again  I  bave  seen  the  prainea, 
when  the  first  w interns  front  fell  cpoa 
them,  their  green  verdure  changed  to  & 
light  yellow,  almost  white;  the  tall  dry 
grass  lying  fiat  and  motionless,  waiting 
tiio  car»?less  hand  of  some  hunter,  or  the 
lightninif^s  flaslu  to  give  them  ttj  the 
flsmes.  The  wdJ  deer,  no  longer  shelter- 
ed by  the  grafts,  :*tauding  out  boldly  on  the 
hdl-ti»p,  their  light  tbrnw  of  beauty  back- 
ed by  the  blue  aky,  watching,  for  honi^ 
the  verdnrelesis  prairie,  waiting  until  the 
evening*s  friendly  shade  invites  them  far 
away  to  tlie  burr-oaks  to  feed  upon  the 
acorns.  The  wolf  cowering  beside  the 
small  mound,  raised  by  the  gopher  for  a 
home,  or  by  the  survey or*i  landjnark ; 
or,  conscious  of  discovery,  skulking  away 
to  seek  some  reedy  marsh,  gazing  bock 
at  times  with  a  sneaJdng  luok  of  min- 
gl ed  CO wnrdi ce  a nd  cru d cy .  The  cranes 
stalking  on  the  prairie,  or,  in  wide  eir- 
cles,  cleaving  the  still  air,  higher  and 
higher,  until  thcsr  large  forms  seem 
dwindled  to  a  speck  scarce  larger  than 
the  golden  plover  tbat  hurries  by  so 
near  on  its  swift  wing* 

And  then  again  I  have  seen  them  on 
fire  when  the  bright  sunlight  dimmed 
the  flames  while  their  £;moke  rolled  J^H 
and  on  over  hill  and  hollow  till  4^^| 
whole  sky  was  darkened.  And  thei^^* 
have  watched  until  night  came  on  and 
the  wliole  scene  was  changed.  The 
pillar  of  cloud  had  become  the  pillar 
of  fire.  There  was  fire  in  every  form, 
from  the  small  torch*light  made  by  the 
tuffe  of  *:Iongh -grass,  to  acres  fiaming 
from  tbe  lung  blue-joint  on  the  river 
bottt^m.  Flames  everywhere,  now 
moving  slowiy  on  where  the  sweet  graM 
had  enticed  the  wild  flock  of  deer  t«» 
crop  the  herbage  close,  while  the  soft 
night  wind  jnst  gave  it  life  enougli  to 
licfc  up  one  by  one  the  few  >  '  es 
still  lefl — now  stopped  by  a'  m 

trail,  until  some  loose  leaf  it  l^^i suing 
stem  of  grass  led  ic  across  the  track  to 
pursue  its  slow  and  silent  course,  now 
rushing  before  the  wild  west  wijid 
with  a  speed  that  nutstripi  the  wolf 
and  almost  overtakes  the  deer;  with  bud- 
hummed  roar  climbing  the  hill-side  and 
down  the  valley  unchecked  by  the  di- 
viding 6tream,  and  paasitsg  all  barrier:^ 
in  its  fiery  course.  Here  and  there 
staying  \i£  speed  among  the  ahort  silk 
grass  that  belts  ^ome  large  cane^marsb, 
while  on  each  eldt%  like  the  wings  of 
an    army   m.     "  '         '  U    ttep 

while  the  ci*  ■">  »nr- 

rounding  the  ^vuoji^  uaijiiiiiii  lh^^ 


p 


Im  tbtt  narrow  biini«r,  on  or«rf  ddd 
Moaw  tlio  dr/  retKb  antl  cane,  ind 
aUiwiQg  tti^ogtb  a»  lhi>y  draw  cloaer 
m  n»d  circle  of  ihmr  furcc^;  g^ilng 
«|l  ii  l««fc  td  ol><^  tritimpbuju  fliilb  of 
dviiig   i^  on    the   Ijist 

td  »f*f»t,  Ji  ,,*  tht  0^«  fr©<j 

'  '    i  gi^irm,   to  ^tm  onoo 
»i  If   dktartt   fires,   miles 

*wi;,  Bftjrur.^  UiO  fiifiJiost  va-ge  of 
tia#  iMMiioii  \U£%  dav's   lirst  barn  of 

And  then,  onm  more,  baTO  I  »oeii 
ihftn  uffer  Hj€«  fSrci  h&u  iw«pt  tJiem 
iy  less  and  black — io 

V  r      .^1  pain  the  eye  aj- 

•i  tiittii-  whit6  droM  la  wiiiter. 

i<.««ke  cliangos^  &tid  moTfi  which 
\  li.4V«»  i,«^n»  are  but  so  many  diffiareot 
ji^w.^  of  the  jiiLiAe  ioenCf  no  one  of  tbetn, 
M*  ^  ;  ri  tlo5cri  bo  H ;  1 1  w  ould  be  the 
I'  imt  tJioTD.    Their  vastneaai 

|ti«nr  ♦*unodo,  th«  tobern««8  wlwch  t!iey 
iiiiplr>'— «od  In  thia  agiin  they  re^rnble 
•^  Acseiti,  for  who  ever  saw  one  new  to 
IN  f^ti»  livigh  on  the  Ma-shore  T  A 
MmiBtitl  tulQor  featiircs  iniko  up  tho 

SiVa  whieh  would  tiro  in  deflcription, 
jUJl  wHhont  them  all  description  fails 
tali  Qon^t.  I  will  name  but  two  of 
WM;  tbe  fiuffanj  nf  tho  gnmnd  and  lU 
nvftiitig.    1  ^  best  de^ribed  by 

ibf  irTtn  rr,.  la  Of  ridgcs,  Vary- 

*'  >  k»  usu  ynrd«  in  bttght,  ir* 

' ,  Ik  f  OQf  id  baaiiii»  o  r  long  iro  ught 

k^r.awvii  tbem^  pri?*c*itlog  a  slcy  lino 
^^j  r«#>emljllng  Ibo  oocnn  vinen  a 
»triK(^  wiod  hai  fud:  '  ■  inged  iU 
^#orw^  bnsakiug  th*.^  y  of  tbe 

Miatli,  And  tiia  for faii;v  mj  ,ui -liTibad  b 
mtftoA  ovfT.  «v«rTwh«rt  withoat  a 
i^<l  i#f  oakea  tartly  with  gnb»^  and 
mutAk  of  itofgraat  growth ;  past  cover* 
iiy  a«rt  afiar  acre,  mile  aftor  milef 
vttii  oaa  tsufaiiad  IntcrminAblu  gnsen, 
t>ib  mm  ia  fbom  two  feci  to  two  jardd 
In  tmgbti  Tarying  with  the  «oil  and 
ipeiai.  Thii  men  to  the  idid  prairie 
tmiy  from  the  cttllkat<Ml  firm**  You 
wfti  peretira  at  oneo  tho  diSiotilty  of 
lauiliif  a  ttralj^ht  oour^  aorma  the 
l/rarlafl.  I  have  boen  '*IoAt^  more 
^''•.  m  y^ikr  on  the  i  "Tiim 

'  cnt  in  Tho  vroi  om 

Ki'*    Krr*.  wh«ll  in  tbrif  'ut4*, 

!lut  two  waaki  elnc«  I  <•]  .  li^^ur 
tto  Uie  pralriea  within  bi^ii  .^  mui^  of 
boma  w^tUig  for  the  ilnji  to  come 
oat  to  K^ido  ma.     Borne  time  ago  a 


had  wandered  and  woa  hist.  You  know 
wimt  being  li*t  in  the  w^^m  means,  btit 
for  a  cliild,  djat  b  nothing,  is  safety  i  t*cif, 
when  com  pared  wUh  bein^  lost  on  tbtf 
praiHus.  Two  wltbin  my  knowledge, 
witbiti  BA  many  year^,  have  waiidfrtnl; 
Olio  f^ell  a  prey  to  the  wolves,  ant]  one 
waj?  never  beard  of  niore»  You  will  n*it 
wunder  itt  thii  when  you  rellect  on  the 
d&scriptjon  I  Imve  given  and  abaB  give 
yon,  A  child  of  fire  years  old  oan  eot^ 
oTer  the  graas  only  occasionally,  and  tlien 
with  no  exten^ftve  view.  There  are  no 
treci  to  guid^,  no  fences  to  restrain  their 
atepa,  but  fooL-paths  enough  to  mif*!ead 
tliorii,  tratla  nuide  by  Indian  or  bofftda, 
leading  from  one  distant  ford  or  wood* 
laDil  to  atiather.  And  then  the  spflrse 
ficttlcmcnt  makoa  every  cour^  but  ihe 
right  one  fard^  Tbese  preseot  so  toany 
dangers  03  to  rinjder  the  night  and  woh 
aaperfltjoys  poriU*  I  etrove  \ti  Viiiii  \o 
^%\AtCm  to  tl^e  woman  that  my  dog  wti^ 
not  a  blood'hoand  but  a  bkii-dog— thai 
he  would  folbw  no  liutnan  footstep*  bttt 
my  own p  tJmt  I  feared  he  eould  not  be 
made  to  follow  Ijcr  boy 'a  track.  But  fche 
eould  not  ot  would  not  beUeire  but  that 
Phil  would  follow  and  doanytliing  I  tolti 
hlini  aad  I  alwoet  repented  having  said 
anything  to  check  for  a  moment  the  SlJu* 
610 a  of  nope  in  the  wretched  mother** 
breasts  lou  know  that  it  y^m  not  Aaiil 
to  aave  myself  the  trouble  of  going  wiih 
her  j  I  ihould  of  coarse  have  gone  with 
her  at  any  mte.  But  Bhe  bad  hoard  a 
great  deal  of  my  dog,  and  had  seen  dim 
tjuck,  ihe  told  me,  the  littk  snipe  tin  J 
plorer,  whose  whole  foot  wa^  noi  ^ 
large  ai  one  of  Hanka^d  toea;  and  wttlt 
true  womanly  tact  she  reminded  me  bow 
mouths  bef  fre  she  had  gone  to  show  me 
where  a  wihl  turkey  had  cronsed  the 
prairie,  anil  bow  she  liad  eeen  PImI  tiLli^ 
wp  the  Pftorr  and  follow  It,  tm^^^ 
with  earnest  intereet  all  die  ditli-. 
he  hfld  overcome;  how  the  bird  ilew 
over  tho  narrow  brook,  leaving  him  no 
track  ti>  follow;  how  ho  ran  np  and 
down  the  atremti  !o  wnr^^h  for  it,  and 


then  flwam  u\^ 

1  tlio  praine 

on  tb©  otbcr  y 

vid  the  track 

onco  more.     1  is  ; 

fiching 

hearty  for  I   knew 

ea  lar 

iDottrr  Umn  (»he  eou^u  k* 

\>iui,M,     I  wa* 

wurno  wmnin  enne  to  m  plaoe  long 
Mmh  Ike  fon  wia  up  aakliif  hel|»,  or 
mber  tbe  help  of  Phih    Her  little  boy 


iwjon  ready  to  follow  bcr,  and  on  the  way 
ehe  told  r-"  *^-!f  ^  •-  !i'»''-  >H>y  bad  been 
playing  i  id  nbe  wemi 

to  carry  ll_.  ..  menfoQEaoB 

the  prairie.  Tbat  when  she  oamo  back 
he  WM  foae;  tiiat  the  ran  ov«tr  tl)« 
prairie  to  ioek  him^  aad  called  him  until 


iho  men  ht^d  ber  and  came  to  her  help ; 
that  before  Bigbtfall  thdrfew  neighbours, 
ineu  and  women,  joined  them  in  the 
search;  how  the  dark  night  came  but  no 
eh  lid;  how  she  and  her  bn^&and  had 
wandered  Ihron^b  its  gloDtn,  caJJiogthe 
boji  and  makiDg  nolf^es  to  &care  the  wild 
b^ta  froin  the  place,  and  how  she  had 
left  before  the  firat  light  of  mnrning  to 
come  fur  me.  She  told  me  all  this  while 
hurrying  along  at  &  epeed  wliich  tested 
even  a  huntcr^s  stride,  fri^h  as  I  wa^  from 
the  night's  rest.  We  reached  her  house 
as  the  first  light  of  the  morniag  began  to 
^preiid  over  the  pretaifiea.  It  was  a  small 
Ward  building,  of  sueh  si^e  as  the  boards^ 
length  woqM  make,  on  the  very  otit  edge 
of  the  cultivated  coimtry.  The  sides  of 
the  house  were  Imnked  np,  except  the 
doorway,  with  cnar^  prairie  torf  a  foot 
in  thickness  to  the  bottom  of  the  snmll 
window,  on  the  sonth  a  nttrrow  foot- 
path led  from  the  door  down  a  sloping 
bank  to  a  shallow  well,  dag  near  the 
alongh  at  tlie  bottom,  A  wagon,  plow, 
and  a  few  more  farming  took  lay  scatter- 
ed round,  and  tn  the  house  a  scanty  sup- 
ply of  household  goods.  At  the  door 
lay  a  fimall  pair  of  wooden  shoes  which 
llanka  had  thrown  off  while  at  play.  A 
araall  bat  nnfenced  spot  was  cultivated 
near  the  house,  while  north  and  east 
might  be  iseen  other  cottages  like  it, 
scattered  here  and  there  at  wide  inter- 
vals, and  on  the  south  and  west  the 
limkless  prairicT  witbont  a  tree  or  shroh, 
f&T  as  the  eye  could  seei  But  why  draw 
a  pictnre  that  will  not  distinguish  thi^ 
cottage  or  spot  from  a  hnndred  others  on 
the  broad  prairie.  And  now  hegan  my 
almost  hofM^less  task  of  teaching  a  setter, 
in  one  lesson,  the  trade  of  the  blood- 
honnd.  But  of  the  result^  I  will  tell  you 
in  a  future  letter, 

I  am  not  certain  where  I  left  off  in  my 
stiDry,  but  think  it  was  while  on  the  way 
home  with  the  woman  who  wanted 
Phil  to  help  her  to  find  her  child. 

"Vfo  reached  her  home  just  as  the  snn 
was  lighting  up  the  prairie— not  as  he 
breaks  on  some  hilly  and  wooded  land- 
scape— with  bright  &|>pts  here  and  there, 
m  some  tall  tree  or  hill-side  catches  his 
light  and  gives  glad  warnings  of  his  com- 
ing— and  mnch  less  as  he  lights  np  some 
Alpine  country,  whereon  somemonntala 
top.  Nature,  hko  a  monarch,  sits  en- 
throned to  receive  the  earliest  homage 
of  his  golden  beams,  and  thonoe  to  rc- 
ficct  them  m  her  own  sweet  Fmile,  to  ttie 
valley  a  beneath  her  feet,    Kot  m  doee 


the  day  break  on  the  prairies  \  bnt  with 
a  certain  steady  increase  of  light,  with 
no  sndden  burst  of  brightness  as  the  snn 
rises  above  the  low  horizon.  And  so  it 
was  now.  The  snn  had  just  risen,  and 
was  still  &o  low  that  people  passed  be- 
tween my  fight  and  him*  and  for  an  in- 
stant hid  his  red  balL  People  liastenlng 
by  foot-paths  from  their  varions  hot  new 
to  look  one  day  more  for  the  lost  hoy* 

My  plans  were  jioon  laid.  I  threw 
as.ide  my  hunting  coat^  set  np  luy  i;un» 
and  taking  some  of  the  boy's  dothing, 
tried  to  wake  Phil  understand  what  I 
wished  him  to  do.  lie  would  smdl  of 
them  hecanms  I  told  him,  but  without 
Interest  or  intelligoncc,  and  would  then 
turn  and  look  at  the  gun  as  if  ejcpecting 
me  to  take  it  up  again.  I  lefL  \u  how- 
ever, and  called  him  out  of  the  hou^,  I 
was  glad  to  see  him  smell  of  the  ^mall 
wooden  shoes  lying  by  the  door,  though 
this  he  did  of  oonr^. 

The  boy  had  aow  been  gone  some  eigh* 
teen  hours  and  no  scent  of  Im  ftmt^teps 
conld  be  hoped  for  near  the  house,  even 
if  Phil  could  be  made  to  know  that  1 
wanted  him  to  follow  them^  They  ha*i 
searched  the  day  before  the  grounds 
aronud  the  house,  and  the  foot-paths 
leading  to  the  neighbors.  I  determined, 
therefore  J  at  once  to  strike  oflT  into  the 
prairie.  Phil  followed  me,  looking  wi^^t- 
fully  back  at  tinier,  at  the  house  where 
I  had  left  my  gun.  We  had  letl  the  hdUj^e 
a  mile  or  more,  when  calling  Phil,  1  tried 
once  more  to  make  him  understand  my 
object.  He  would  smell  of  the  little  sock 
which  I  had  brought  witli  me,  look  wist- 
fully in  my  face,  as  if  to  search  ont  ray 
meaning*  He  would  then  start  off  in 
one  direcUon,  looking  back  to  see  if  I 
approved  of  that,  I  would  call  bim  back 
and  make  bim  agdn  f^mell  the  chlld*s 
snck,  but  it  seemed  useless;  he  would  be 
off  again  another  way,  looking  baek  to 
see  if  thai  was  rights  and  T  '  '^od 

back  again,  looked  ]Je^pIexc^l  u* 

raged,  and  walked  slowly  l'^^  hjy  -jde. 
The  neighbors  meanwhile  Bcattered  fttr 
and  near  in  the  almost  hopeless  searcJi^ — ^ 
hopeless,  for  the  boy  might  have  wnnder* 
ed  many  mile^  and  we  knew  that  we 
might  pa^  within  a  dozen  yards  of  him 
in  the  tall  prairie  grass,  without  know- 
ing he  wss  there.  But  the  poor  mother 
clung  to  me  and  Phil,  with  a  fEiaking 
heart,  however,  for  she  could  not  but  ob- 
serve that  he  was  not  seArchinsr  tW  her 
lost  treasure.    And  thus  we  ^  'on 

}  I  our  after  w  eary  b  i  mr.    Ti  r  ue 

I  endeavored  to  make  Fhii  mv. 


» 


I 


I 


SM^  Wi  La  vftln.  Onr>e  he  ran  to  m^, 
MkIi^  bright  A!  ~  ~  iiod  when  1 
AiwJiUiiitbat  :]gh#eflfc^rly 

took  it  in  hivtisdQUi  nun  uskiked  proQilly^ 
mith  IkMd  creet^  it  1/  td  eay  ''now  t  on- 
tot€»Pd  JOQ  wnnt  ma  to  curry  it*^'  In 
§g^H  (if  Miif-eonirol,  in^  Ijiott  inufit  have 
iNilntjpcd  my  dittappoiotnifiit.,  for  he 
dnp^  lib  beftd  i&d  Uilf  ikt»d  slowly 
bwifhl  HM  Wek  the  «oek,  whieh  I  tt>ok 
bat  It  thm  wme  lime  caressetl  liliii  and 
willtfeil  tbwly  CML  At  length  ho  6ti»p9 
iflift,  muft  tht  groTi|i<i,  lotiks  pleased, 
bwrta  tlibi  Wft;  nnd  that  to  mttih  a 
vtnncrt^eiit,  looki  op  with  bright  eyea 


il  BML  tK«ta  ranji  ilowly,  a?  noting  thd 

SittDd.  We  follow  him^  end  qn  my  part 
tb«  fim  timo  with  hope,  it  fntj/Ae  b« 
bi  bad  li  )Mi  caugSit  mj  mmmna.  But 
Iba  ifibi  li«  inigbt  b#  following 
te  UM  of  gftm«,  iidS  thii  wiu  the  most 
egtnrmt  ropponitioD.  But  ao,  be  b  ^«ut- 
Ifif  8p  a  tAlI  wee4|  too  high  for  a  bird  to 
toodi;  it  urnonot  be  deer^for  their  i^hiirp 
boofli  wwn&d  bare  left  a  print  on  the  ^>d 
vbkh  mtmld  cott^ampe  my  eye;  nor 
a«lC  Ibr  r!i!l  has  not  the  angry  look,  tlie 
rftttefk  Upn  drawn  up  to  show 

■I  w^j  :>  ^uly  fur  Ilia  foe,  fculnnsi 

ilbo  wylf  s  ioeot  Always gir^i him* 

>  00  h^  ioe:^  ioentiiig  every  tuft  of 

■1  or  dow  unli^ediid  prairie  flower, 
MMftflf  it  some,  and  pniilling  along  ilow 
UtHb7  wItTi  ^^ycd  half -closed  lest  Ught 

^liainfen>  wiih  the  one  ienae  on 
I  ba  nd&««.  The  mother  is  dose  by 
j^?#rr  moment  *'L^  ho  track* 
b^'Eodcaf  will  he  fiud  liank&r  1  dare 
mn  Mtj  yta,  for  I  am  not  certAiQ,  but  1 
bafi  litter  teen  3ilm  move  u>  after  any 
Und  oi  fpuav*  and  I  know  hii  irariod 
motmx»m^tm  wb«n  purBtiiDg  eaeh<  Bat 
ib«  tfadk  ii  Dol  warm,  whatever  tnade  tt, 
lar  Tbm  iloptv  now  tuma  round  and  itopa 
ifda^  Umpo  takea  a  wider  drcte  and  eomea 
nmui  Ut  tb«  tame  ipot  again ;  ''he  U  at 
OmIl**  Ba  m&ke«  another  e^ort  on  a 
vidir  drcU  itill  and  ii  yet  at  fatilL    He 

r  g^rca  one  ^arp  cry  of  angry  Tei- 
and  then  tumi  futldvnly  and  rt^' 

bli  own  foout^pi,  foV> '"-  it  a 

tm  nm  Idi  back  track,  k v  red 

lirda.  BUKp^  •oanta  tbe  gr.^  . :,  ..icb- 
n  tba  tnll  and  loUowi  of  er  the  track 
worn  tantm^  eaudona  and  ibwiy,  to 
w{tbl&  a  few  rodi  of  flnt  fault — and  then 
tarai  olT  with  cbecrfn!  st4>pt.  He  has 
iMOtiiwl  the  trn  ^  briskly  on^ 

teiooii  cbaeki  :  d  lurnji  half 

nimid,  aa  If  on  §4.  .^f^t  he  woqKI 

aaaalAB  a  w^  t  ptai^.    I 

valued  it  Uti,  BiJ^  I  jtre,  on  tht  dry 


rongh  st«m  of  the  reein-weedf  Imng  a  few 
abredfl  of  blae  cotton.  The  muther  saw 
me  looking  at  them  and  ran  forward  and 
seiz^  the  jiredoa»  relic,  'Mt  wa^  llan- 
ka%  I  knew  it  whiA  Eanka^fl!^^  I  thought 
fm  too,  for  the  color  jb  such  m  no  Yankye 
has  yet  imitrited  with  sucoefs.  But  Phil 
h&s  breathed  on  it  and  she  has  handled 
it,  and  1  cannot  Judge  how  long  it  haa 
hung  thertf.  But  slje  is  callirig  bvr  frlendji 
to  eomo  in.  In  the  mean w bile  Pbil 
has  got  Uie  start  of  as  and  we  hnrry  on 
to  overtake  hirrt,  but  cauti«a»ly  avoid  the 
track  he  follows,  ]e»t  he  migbt  he  at 

fault  again  and  have  to  retrace  tiia  bmi%* 
♦        ♦        •        •        *        •        ♦       ♦ 

My  last  letter  left  me  with  the  mother 
of  tbe  lott  hoy  and  Phil  striving'  lo  trace 
the  boy ^3  footfteps  through  the  tall  gran 

of  tbe  prairie.    Kdl«0^  dear ,  on  Ibt 

f  ituntioi^of  tbe  boy*§  mother— <»f  ttie  boy. 
How  intently  aha  watched  Phil^s  move- 
tnentflf  but  happily  without  tbe  fear 
wbich  troubled  me,  who  could  undtir- 
stand  his  difflcnltiee  fur  better  than  idie 
conhL  But  ho  is  going  Btea*Uly  on  now, 
not  fastf  and  I  hare  much  trouble  to  keep 
the  impatient  mother  from  ouUtrippjn|F 
hlm^  and  lOiling  the  trail  The  crowd 
gather,  one  by  one,  after  ua  from  the 
prairiew  Keeping  tlieiu  at  a  distance  as 
well  m  miglit  be,  we  follow  eloee  by 
Pbil,  walcbing  hia  every  movement. 
He^j  working  gloriously,  but  on  a  fatnt 
trait,  Ke  understands  tho  matter  now, 
and  ha;!i  all  our  eicitemeut.  With  hid 
mouth  open,  leat  the  too  strong  draught 
of  air  tb rough  bia  nose  should  bhmt  the 
delioaey  of  Ita  nervi%he  tracks  for  bours 
the  wanderings  of  tbat  child.  And  now 
the  but  donbt  as  to  the  eharacter  of  the 
track  is  removi^d,  for  Just  before  tis,  in 
an  old  Buffalo  trail,  is  a  ctiild'ii  track, 
1  hastily  put  my  foot  over  it  to  hide  It 
inm  ttie  mo  there's  sight^  for  fear  her 
eiferjieaa  might  interfisre  witli  Phil, 
our  only  ho^^o  and  guide.  But  the 
eflbrt  was  vain,  for  she  noticed  tlio  move- 
ment, and,  darting  forward,  eaw  another 
track.  1  stop[)ed  her  before  the  cotild 
reach  ft,  and  while  ibe  Is  crying,  almo\i 
Ksreaming,  '"'Tin  Ifanka'iiiporr,  *tbllan- 
ka^a  itporr;  mtin  kint,  mcln  kiut!^  1 
examined  witli  a  hunter^s  eye  and  care 
tbe  trnck*  U  Is  a  child's  fnot-print, 
heaniifuUv  monl4<Ml  In  tho  mft  duitof 
tiie  Buifjilo  trail.  It  wi^  made  ioiig  after 
tht  Bun  was  np,  and  the  dew  gone,  m  ttit 
dufll  wtt*  dry  wht^n  t!i**  fi^^t  pr****?frcd  h, 
for^  "'  I  he  ft** 

hor^  after* 

wardj.     Lm    «iJga[c5i   urtatu  difWrbi 


...«•* 


i^itri^«r:5a-  -^^^^m 


t«^iAv;>^.t.*^! 


'4 


see  y^  ^\ia  ^^^ 


ii$i.I  J 


2BT 


MY   H  U  S  B  AN  D'S    U  0  T  II  E  R. 


I 


i^anroing  after  lleleii^'a  wed- 

.,  __3  ■•  I  bUhhI  in  die  large  par- 

tQf«i  oaw  »o  tiStt  imd  brijuihless^  whcru 
uftlv  tij<i  <*v*>niriif  befi>ris  ui^rry  words* 
1*  .  r  hnd   rt^'Ccliixjd,  1  be- 

C  T  Uis  Uj  re  /il  i  r.(i  I Imt  1 1«  Icn 

ir    ■ 

'  i>n  a  sol'ii  (ic;ir  llic  eoa- 

•irvabkr;-^-  tiii»  wltidf  lailun  with  aweet 
IRffume,   *iw**jit    ovt*^    tay   cheek   as  I 

l^ilM    I  ill  ^liafR%  ADtl,  IL3- 

«Diiii^  11,  jirqiarc'd  Ij:)  in* 

Mfffi  in  a  ifivuniv  a:iiii!?em*iit  ejf  mine — 

My  tliooi:'^       ud  t4>  il»ii  distant 

pHit  sful  ti  *»f  my  dnldhuod 

I  ft^emad  to  ««#  my  owa  qui«t  home — 
lij  fecitb  oioUjer  b«ndLQ^  ov«r  lier  s«w- 
tajf,  R«  slic  w/iii  wont  U>  do  from  tArly 
fn^m  (n  thi'  lifo  Lnoning,  ever  nhecrful, 
^or  t»i>  S<j  »i(!k^^o«(l  and  died. 

That  ;  !     How  wcdl  1  rwtrtym* 

iMditi 

Urn-  k»t  foud  etnbrac^  and  licr  fatd 
fttflf  lean,  a^  vh^  lay  on  the  lowly  bed, 
lir  tba  hand  r«^tiiig  on  the  whit^  otiun* 
Ivptlia,  and  tho  whrU>  en  rial  nn  Iduwiug 
Mt  fgjtoiilr  Into  tiip  roil  11)^  fanning  htir 


i  Mrs.  E^'aui  nUKwi  by  the  bodsido 
bkt^rly    iiUiX    ruitijratiniy    htr 
pMDlM  to  fbUciW   Liit3  ilirevLionj^  iif  iny 
SDCliir  dnooonuag  tna.     l  only  ty>r»|>re- 

Hd  filliaf  to  110 r  hand,  lonUng  at  bcr 
voAilirifigly. 

Urtw  wTild  1  kni^ir  tliat  slia  was  to 
£•  '•^eQ  hat'  nick  ^^n  itmny  ttmen, 

i^  '  littlo  what  deaiU  wa^ ! 

i  walch^d  hflr  b«  ihc*  breatiieil  fAinler 
iad  ftittt«r,  her  ey«t  &11  lb@  ^viulo  fii^i 
ia  n#  wltli  a  loifing  esimsisiofi  thai  I 
!■•  tMf  »r  fnriE^tt. 

tli«a  I  oocnti 
Hf  iiafi4  ii|,'U.  .. 

nsomr^    Ai^i^  ii«  timt* 

wbaO  I   lii4  fit:.!  roontg, 

'^ratmatixif  '>^w 

^Ottft,   tliat  I  W4II  Hi: I  rd  and 

b#ir  not  which  to  u  .1,   tba 

U6f  ilftiMd  l»  filki  and  iju^os  ti»  wbotu 
f  waa  praMnc^d,  or  the  eltiganc^ti  tliat 
mnomod^d  her. 

I  WW  luilf  ftfraUl  Iff  my  aunt,  till  «h«» 
«iei|i«d  mw  til  h«r  wano  «admM^  half 

IT  *^ 


smotlierttig  ns«  iu  her  onorfflOHi  llHiTii 
a2»  aho  |>re«aed  in<#  hi  her  armi. 

I  Iteiieve  «h«  vnmld  hjve  wopt  otcf 
me,  but  Dnfortunntely^  m  iiho  held  me 
otr  to  look  at  me,  my  long  hidr  haviuu 
gilt  eotanglod  in  any  number  of  ohnma 
which  depended  from  her  neek,  tny  h+jr- 
rilled  eipression  wii^a so  tar  reiiiiivin!  frum 
anything  path^ticv  that  »ho  bur^i  iuta  a 
fit  of  laughtisr,  1,  ibr  jny  part,  ieU  niutv 
Inclined  to  cry,  m  my  uucia  whu  ftt4)iMl 
by  oamQ  to  th«  rescue;  at  laojt^ih,  witli 
the  tdd  of  scij^sora,  I  Vftu  seiuitiittid  fttnu 
my  aunt  with  the  hi^i  uf  ji  lUtlc  nf  my 
abundnnt  hah-,  and  I  doubt  n«i  mnaa  1 
littvo  known  her  better,  uf  a  v^ry  iiretiy 
ILttlo  sp&ech  of  wdcmwe  abo  wbtih  hUv 
hiid  i»rej»ftred  to  dijliver* 

Gofjtl  Mrd^  Evans,  who  hai)  br<4i^bl  me 
to  Boston,  was  treated  witti  e\vry  [iihiti* 
ble  atteritioii,  and  on  parting  witii  me 
tlie  next  day*  m  &he  w^v*  to  rettirn  tu  her 
home,  a^aurud  me  t!iat  1  **wa*  in  f^vHMl 
bandji,  fur  my  aunt's  folks  wa<»  the  ui&^i 
folk!*  that  ever  wiw/* 

1  wa^  mwn  fairly  NvttltHV  and  my  sad- 
ness, wbioJi  I  hnd  di?(ermiiit^d  nuver  iv 
get  over,  feelijig  a^  if  ai  .  On   of 

grief  denoted   ;i  lack  ot   .  ^r^uiy 

mother,  f^nidn^illy  Taniflii(.ii  LM/,ure  tlie 
brigbi  hmih'rt  an<l  merry  chat  of  my  four 
cous^U4|.  TJie  two  older  ones  having 
liniibed  their  edueatum,  had  eome  om, 
and  parti^^,  rith'^i  afid  otht»r  amu^eiiieni<r 
folio woti  each  other  in  ijuiyk  »uece*''iou* 

Maggie,  Helen  ami  f  were  rUU  f^cbiiol* 
glrb^  bnt  yet  aunt  ileixdlati  aliiiwod  us 
ti>  ji4n  o0cahU»nally  in  ride«,  and  Ut  make 
our  njipt'aranco  at  s^tmill  sotrial  partiea, 
which  wcs  etijoyetl  moiiit  heafilly, 

Our  bouse  wa*  always*  tbronged  wllh 
ixtFopnny,  and  luy  sunt  bur^elf  vatvi  the 
Uf©  of  our  parr'        '     '    i^ure. 

My  uncle,  a  ^  1 1  reserved  man, 

♦"■  nd  MiOHt  oi  iin  ijim:  lo  hU  study,  and 
■  iig  jw  ho  wan  alkiwtHJ  to  reundn  in 
.,.  :i4urbod  (HiJii*<*Adnn  of  tliat  ri>oui, 
carnl  little  h^iw  his  family  npcnt  tliek 
time,  if  they  were  unly  buppy. 

tkt  ycar»  pa^i^d  on  and  no  shadow 
dimmed  tb^  ^un^liine  ot'  tltat  haj^py 
lionitebold  till  dtiaUi  ontered, 

M^  niK^le,  alter  a  tdiort  and  sovurv 
ii)ne«!M,  dte<L 

My  aunt  wiw  inei>n«oUblis  ■  In  fact,  wt 
wernaih'  *  lieC   Daath 

wo  kn«M  "it  w^  had 

never  driuiiueu  timt  u  wuuid  oorut  to 


m 


mum^  Sit  ^ndt\etiU\  und  tliat  my  unol^  in 
tlie  |>ri{le  of  nmtily  vigor,  mast  go  do w a 
to  the  (Jurrow  grrt^e. 

We  felt  at  fir»t  m  people  always  do, 
iliat  we  could  n«?#r  be  happy  again. 
We  mourned  for  my  uncle  sincerely,  but 
yet  two  years  hncl  hardly  passed  be- 
fore the  old  homestead  was  m  gay  m 

The  dcftth  of  my  uncle  had  broujE^ht  to 
light  the  fftot  that  we  were  no  longer 
wealthy.  My  aunt's  large  fortan©  had 
iaelt«(l^  uo  one  kntw  how  or  where,  but 
it  had  gon«.     Wo  were  poor. 

I  do  not  know  what  n^y  aunt  would 
have  done,  if  mingiug  poverty  had  come 
iipou  us;  for  fib  e  realized  nothing  of  ks 
evib,  and  the  announcement  of  the  fat*t 
of  her  iiitualiou  did  not  trouble  her  in 
the  least;  sho  was  apared  the  painfnl 
task  of  endeavoring  tti  ^atisjy  ex|>en5iv© 
habits  with  inadequate  means;  for  an 
old  tmde  of  hers  settled  u[K>n  her  an 
annuity  for  her  lifetime* 

Upon  this^  sha  lived  juit  m  ever,  gra- 
lifyiug  every  present  wish,  witb  bat  «?n« 
thought  for  the  fnturo. 

The  loss  of  her  property  seemed  to 
have  prod  need  bat  one  resnlt:  that  of 
making  her  aaiions  to  settle  her  daugh- 
ters well  in  marriage^  and  very  &oon  both 
Oharlotte  and  LiJizie  were  dij^iwaed  of. 
Both  married  wealthy  men — both  made 
^  p^fd  matches,"  as  they  are  tjalled* 

This  was  somewhat  lo  our  surprise; 
for  Oi;(irlotte  Iia^l  nothing  hut  her  never- 
tailing  good  humor  to  attract;  for  she 
was  poi-i  Lively  plain  ;  yet  her  husband 
wa<^  considered  one  of  the  ^^greateit 
cdtches  "  in  town, 

Lizzie  was  very  talented,  and  had  al- 
ways treated  the  common  lierd  as  quite 
beneath  her  notice;  yet  she  married  a 
ailly  fellow,  with  nutliing  but  his  gi>od 
looks  and  his  wealth  to  recommend  liim; 
what  wag  stranger  than  ali,  s!ie  almost 
adored  him — gave  Mm  credit  for  all  the 
brilliant  remarks  that  $he  made  in  con^ 
versation,  and  finally  cheated  herj^elf  and 
30 me  others— ^her  husband  among  the 
number^ — ^into  the  behef  that  he  was  a 
man  of  fine  mind,  who  had  never  before 
been  appreciated* 

Maggie,  Helen  and  I,  now  being  left, 
soon  found  that  our  only  cliance  of  rest- 
ing quietly  depended  on  being,  at  leasr^ 

Maggie  declared  that  she  had  a  decided 
vwation  for  the  life  of  an  old  uiaid,  and, 
absorbed  in  her  own  ptiranits,  eicarcely 
thooght  of  marrhgo;  and  when  Mr*  Car- 
foU,  a  bachelor  of  good  fortune,  pr(s«4?nt- 


od  himself  as  a  tujtor,  she  resolutely  per* 
sisted  in  rejecting  all  his  attenuons. 

My  aunt  and  ne  were  tquallff  deter- 
mined that  she  phoold  marry  him  ;  and, 
after  a  long  and  vigoroua  aie®*,  llie  foi^ 
tress  surrendered, 

Maggie  became  Mra.  CarroL 

nelitn  and  I  had  enjoyed  tolerable 
quiet  during  this  skirmiih  ;  but  it  Wft» 
now  our  turn. 

As  Helen  was  (he  hta^Uj  of  the  family, 
my  aunt  had  decided  that  she  was  to 
make  th^  grand  match*  Indeed,  £h«  had 
adniirera  by  ssoores. 

She  sang  and  danced  with  tlve  gay 
young  genileracn,  played  wbist  and  tnlk* 
ed  politics^  or,  what  is  more  strictly 
true,  lutmtd  to  politics,  witli  the  <?lderiy 
ones;  was  tlic  wildest  and  merrie-t  iu 
all  parties  of  pleoisjure,  the  kindest  in 
eiekne^,  the  most  benevolent  to  the  po<*r 
of  ad  our  circle^  auii,  with  all  tlit^e 
chnrtns,  marrie<l  a  poor  minisUr^  to  Aunt 
McLellan^s  in^uite  disgust 

It  required  a  great  deal  of  stra^gy  to 
win  her  consent,  and  not  until  visiorts  uf 
her  daughter^  as  the  wife  of  the  Right 
E^erefid  Bishop  Wilmot,  which  /  con- 
jured up,  as  in  the  future,  had,  from  my 
glowing  r^presemationg,  assgmed  in  her 
mind  all  tlie  vlrldnesa  of  reality^  did  &be 
yield. 

It  was  now  the  day  after  the  wedding, 
and  Aunt  McLollan  had  acted  the  part 
*}f  a  loving  mother,  wiiicb  she  rwaOy 
was,  to  perfection. 

Btie  waa  in  her  element,  during  ikm 
whole  progress  of  a  wedding,  from  the 
prepariitory  process  of  [uaklng  garments 
of  all  sorts,  shapes,  and  sizes,  to  tlie  la^t 
embrace  iu  the  presence  of  admiring 
friends,  a^  the  bride  left  home  for  the 
wedding  tour  on  which  our  mother  al- 
ways insisted  as  quite  as  necessary  to  the 
proper  union  of  Uie  parties  as  the  words 
spoken  by  the  parBon. 

"Here" am  J,  then,  left  aJono,"  I  §aid, 
half  aloud,  concluding  my  long  reverie ; 
and,  starting  up,  J  auatched  my  duster, 
which  hacl  falleu  from  my  hand  and  be- 
gan to  wipe  some  stray  particles  of  dust 
from  the  polished  rose  worn!  of  lh&  ptano; 
then  running  my  fingers  over  tlie  keys, 
1  began  to  sing  a  simple  mulotly, 

**  Very  well  done,  Bibyl,"  said  mj 
aunt,  who  had  entert>d  the  room  unpctr- 
ceived^  and  now  stood  by  my  sid«.  '*  But 
now  come  nn  to  my  chamber ;  I  want  to 
talk  to  you." 

I  followed  her  to  her  room,  and  took 
my  usual  eciat,  a  low  rocking  chair  bj 
the  window. 


1SM*J 


M^  Nu^mi^t  Mo!h^, 


A  $BW  ooittfDonplac^  oWrf  ailoni  ful- 

'j  on  the  wedding,  uticl  I  waichtd 

r  Hf  Mit»Jret  Dit  -which  fi}^a  wistietl  to 

At  last  It  cArne. 

f ••  Did  ypa  «oo  Dr.  Carter  lant  ni^htT 

,  I  run  Imnlly  t«U  [ 

I^re  ^„j  1     . ;.    I  tliUik  1  do  re- 
r  m  tftii  dark  man  who  was  rath*r 
,  w?M>  wtL-^  iTilrwlufled  to  m^  in 
Dtp.  HJCti^tlH  t  heur  whit ;  you 

blow  fN^^n  1  ^  ml  I  mbl©  o  ver  »Miiff^ 

M  i0  Mi'a,  m   if   that   wm«  a 

firy  L  Mt  matter     Well,  whnt 

**That  Ism  oo«nmtasione4  tooUGirfOii 
Mi  tMtil  and  ttanrl/* 
1  amid  only  stare,  In  mute  rarpHift, 

*^Tc«,  my  ^(mr\  it  wu  A  mm  of  lore 

^^«._*.^.i..ti  I  hurst  into  a  fit  of  liQ^h- 
'i!i*(ily  all  our  coiiv«»ation 
... ,  .,,  ,>;i  me. 

*•  Mjr  d«wr  Atmtic^/*  naid  I,  **  ym  most 
t»|Bluiig.  ThecirJy  wor<y  that  we  ex- 
diinti!  wcr«  thei«:  Be  ttiprcf^^ted  that 
It  WM  a  0ii«  t^nio^^  to  whieti  /  asAeiit^ 
«1  I  rtmaH&ad  on  iHe  beauty  of  the 
bride,  to  whldi  JW  asi^nted.  I  am  very 
mt9  %hmi  till  If  wai  all  of  our  conrersa- 
6tm^^  and  again  1  begaa  lo  iaa^h, 

*I^QiHi.  tbon,  if  you  will,  you  Ailly 

E*  at  last  juterrtipted  my  ivnat,  evf- 
7  pntrokfid,     ''It  is  m^  I  jtsgiur« 
|<M I  aad  h^  b  a^erj  ftne  man,  of  wh<>«e 
itolffBCk»a  you  ought  to  bo  proud,     lie 
y  rmiJUr  •OQentHa*^ 
"So  I  ttbould  think/'  iuUarrupted  L 
**  Wbat  ilialJ  I  aay  to  him  V^  asked  my 

^Wlliitavtar  you  cltooip,  «o  that  ho 
■gr  mndentaiia  that  I  moao  fi«/*  ww 

•T<«  BfK  c^rrtainly,  th«  mrmt  pro- 
fiittiH  firl  in  tht»  world  t''  eirdaimed 
Ami  MeLnllan,  **  To  be  sure,  he  b  not 
fmr  ffidi ;  bnt  he  bat  a  good  pnctJov^ 
vlilds  i«  em  tl^o  increaae,,  and  what  do 
ros  ^ipeoiV— yon,  who  haire  neither 
Mfliy  nor  forUtne  to  attract  adniirefa  t 
IMr,  hart  la  a  man^  an  f^id  a  onv  a«  I 
Qoald  i«la0t  Ibr  my  own  dangbter,  a  bat- 
ter ktiabiutd  thati  Hdan'i  witli  all  b«r 
tctnucioiM.  and  fH  ytm  obstinately  re- 
Am  10  m$  bf  m  aran,'^ 

•*  Vary  well  I  I  if  ill  iiea  him,"  rapUeil 
li  and  aabitdf^  InUi  mteiioa. 

b  anal  rcaa  and  le^  the  room  rery 
irtijjy  and  I  vary  foolbbly  wont  to  a 
Co  i«e  what  thcns  waa  in  my  Ep- 
os to  warrant  one-i  falling  iiT  Java 
mo  ai  first  sight 


E. 


Ttte  greatest  vanity  would  not  allow 
me  tt>  tiiiiik  my(M?lf  hand^ome^  bat  I  dii^ 
(mi  allttio  llatlerwi,  neverthelosa, 

**  I  will  wee  \]m  man,''  I  re&rdved.  **  He 
mtist  be  rather  weak^  and  since  he  h  m 
much  in  bve,  I  am  treat  him  a»  I  |>lea£>#." 

8u  I  pitiflsed  my^lf  with  imagining  tbo 
(^ooi  dignity  and  ffraoo  of  manner  with 
which  I  woold  oondiiet  myself  during  tho 
interview* 

It  came  at  last. 

Dr.  Carter  was  annoaneed. 

As  I  entered  the  parlor,  a  tall  darit 
man  rose  to  meot  me.  II0  took  rity  hand 
kindly,  hut  with  notie  o(  i  hu  t*mbnrrii»s- 
ment  or  ardor  that  I  hail  anttdtiatefl« 
and  leading  mo  to  a  »cnt,  began  in  ti 
calm  and  quiiit  mafm^r  t'l  ti)U  m«  wfiat 
I  already  koew,  that  ho  hail  been  atlriu't* 
ed  to  mo  and  to  aiplain  liid  roiifH>ns  for 
his  abrupt  doclaration  of  it.  His  vitfvvsi 
virith  regard  to  Bo-eal)<Ml  en^ragtiMivnt^ 
were  quite  difi^rent  from  tho^  of  the 
pucrdity  of  people,  he  anid.  It  wa-^his 
idea  that  tba  tie  thai  formed  siioulU  not 
ha  cson^idered  as  so  binding  that  with^^ 
draw&l  fi^otn  it  ahotild  ba  FQKsrdod  at  ilia- 
honorable  to  either  party/  It  was  th*. 
only  way,  he  thought^,  that  two  i^eopla 
could  arrive  at  tbai  uUioaAM  koowl«Uge 
of  each  otber^s  obarmeter,  whidi  waa 
necessary  to  insure  happiness  in  a  union 
forlifo;  and  when  an  engagement  was 
fonned  it  ahould  be  oonaldered  merely 
that  tliti  parlies  entaring  into  it,  having 
bouii  attnut4Ml  to  each  other*  did  so  for 
the  purpose  of  knowing  more  of  ciiob 
other.  If  tho  rasult  of  that  knowludgv 
wis  fiMittiallv  plea«ini4^  well  and  goiid; 
if  not  lot  eitbcfr  withdraw,  without  any 
hard  reeling,  oODtsut  to  retnaia  frienda, 
if  nothing  mora. 

Having  thus  etptslncd  hit  Tie  wis  ha 
mk&i  tuQ  if  I  were  willing  to  engage 
my«elf  to  MtKl|  adding  that  Id ^  duties  re- 
tiuired  hkfirisspes  at  home  immediately^ 
asid  ha  mu«t  auk  a  speedy  dt^ci'fion. 

While  he  had  been  talking,  I  hatl  been 
ropoatiag  to  mv$«lf  "^^CJan  this  man  he  In 
lore  with  maf" 

His  oool  manner  of  making  lore,  if  m 
it  migbt  be  aallad,  was  quits  didersot 
trora  any  tiling  to  which  1  bad  been  ae- 
cu^tomcMJ.  But  I  liked  bim  neirtitbelssa. 
I  felt  provoked  to  Uiiuk  I  sboi^ld  seant 
no  aiuily  won^  if  I  ainwnt^l,  arnj  T  knew 
loo  that  ho  was  not  one  to  be  trifled 
witb,  and  tiiat  I  taunt  ai  onm  say  yet 
or  not 

u  Yt^»  I  dia  not  want  to  lay ;  **  ^c^ 
HtiU  leas,  I  wai  oonicloiai  that  t  apiiear- 
ed  to  £ir  greatir  diaadraotaga  than  li% 


MM 


BOO 


Mtf  ffushan£n  Mother, 


[SepL 


as  I  Bat  looking^ftt  tbe  flowers  in  Ibe  ear- 
pet,  nt  my  fotit. 

'^  Have  you  iledded  ?''  asked  the  Doo- 
tor,  fls  I  lotiked  up. 

"  And  how  T'  ctmtiniiod  he,  7w>i  ea- 
gierly,  but  as  jf  it  were  the  moat  common- 
pluc*  qiiestton  in  the  wurld. 

**  Y^^*  a^?iin  I  replied^  "and  I  hope 
timt  n either  of  us  will  have  cause  to  re- 
pent njy  hasty  dedsiou." 

"  I  liope  not/*  ho  n?plied  gravely,  and 
said  no  more.  Not  a  wurd  of  the  pro- 
lestatlona  that  I  had  expected — Qot  a 
word  of  love. 

IK*  hntnedjatisly  changed  the  suhject 
and  hegnu  talkingof^  I  hardly  know  what, 
Imt  in  flu  easy  uuembarrasaed  rn An  tier, 
for  nearly  an  !ionr. 

He  then  took  leavo  of  ino^,  saying  that 
liC  would  see  iiie  again  before  he  left, 
which  most  be  on  the  nest  day^  ami  that 
^0  w  iinld  write  me  iramodialely  on  im 
return  home, 

1  was  very  romantic,  and  this  eool  way 
of  wooing  waa  not  ja^t  to  my  ta^te,  but 
after  Dr,  Carter  left  tne,  the  oddity  of  the 
tiling  struck  rne  more  forciblj,  and  I  waa 
ratlier  better  pleased.  Hia  letters,  which 
were  tolerably  frequent,  were  kind  and 
friendly. 

He  4aid  little  of  bia  prospects  in  life, 
and  rememhering  that  my  aunt  had  said 
'*  he  waa  not  rich,"  I  eonduded  that  he 
Y*m  i»oor, 

Tfirs  idea  suited  me»  and  T  used  to 
hm\i\  all  sorts  of  air-crtsLlos  n.s  to  how  I 
would  work  for  and  with  him,  in  oor 
qi]iet  little  home.  I  became  Tuore  and 
moT«  attached  to  him,  and  really  felt 
qnite  auxioos  to  begin  a  hfe  of  toil  for 
his  sake,  A  year  passed  rapidly  away, 
and  at  the  end  of  that  time  I  had  beeome 
Mrs,  Dr.  Carter, 

I  Will  pa'^s  over  all  the  detaili  of  the 
wedding,  as  nny  experience  \a  precisely 
shntlar  to  tliat  of  tliousands  before 
me. 

We  vrere  neither  married  in  a  cave,  nor 
on  a  mouotain — in  a  picture  gallery,  nor 
under  Niagara  Fulls. 

All  was  eommouplaoe  in  the  extreme* 
The  same  re^ponse-s  were  uttered  hy  the 
bride  and  groom — the  same  remarks 
made  by  admiring  friend^. 

Even  poor  liomely  I  was  pronounced 
**  a  lieantiful  bride,"  and,  if  I  may  credit 
the  same  authorities,  the  groom  "ap- 
peared retnark(4bly  well,"  ali^o. 

Evfo  my  nunt*B  favorJte  termination 
to  the  w^iddirsg  fe^itivttios,  a  wedding 
V>ar,  was  wantirig,  unless  the  journey  of 


fifty  miles  by  railroad,  to  my  new  homd 
may  pass  for  that,  for  Dr.  Oarter  eould 
not  leave  bis  duties  for  pleasure, 

I  could  hardly  realise,  as  I  was  whirlej 
along  behind  the  snorting  lof^omotive, 
that  I  hati  become  a  wile,  and  when  J 
stole  a  glance  at  [ny  iiusband.  vtlio  ^at  by 
my  side  remllng  the  Stulpcl^  I  certaiiilj 
thought  that  he  waa  far  from  duly  nppre 
ciating  tlie  importance  of  his  newly -ae 
qnired  position, 

"  Binghflmpton  !"  shouted  the  oon- 
duotor,  popping  bis  liead  in  at  the  car 
door  and  disapjiean ng  as  suddenly. 

My  husband  rose.  "  Hero  we  a^©,** 
aaid  he,  as  he  gathered  up  my  caipet  hajr, 
iihawl  and  veil,  and  led  the  way  to  the 
d4p6t. 

Away  whizned  the  panting  steam-en- 
gine, and  I  stood  on  the  platform  hy  tljcs 
aide  of  the  baggage. 

Presently  the  Doctor  led  mo  to  a  ear- 
ringe,  and  a  ^^y  momenta^  ride  brought 
ua  to  ray  new  home. 

I  had  pictured  to  myself  a  cottage 
embowered  in  trees,  situated  on  a  ^l oping 
hill,  m  my  future  home ;  but  no !  a  stiitely 
brick  hfUise  stared  nie  iu  the  face,  arul  so 
til  ere  was  an  end  to  my  da^'-'drearns  of 
love  in  a  cottage. 

I  dare  say  I  looked  diiappoinled,  for  I 
felt  so  on  euteiring  the  parlors,  wfiere 
nothing  was  waniiug  tJuit  money  eonld 
priicure. 

"  Does  it  not  please  yon  I"  asked  my 
husband. 

"  Ob  yen!"  I  replied,  though  I  told  a 
bit  of  a  story ;  then,  in  a  lower  it  mo,  t 
added  "  that  I  had  always  thought  physi- 
cians were  poor.'^ 

Dr,  Oara^r  laughed  and  assured  me 
that  he  bad  nr>t  taken  me  from  a  gotjd 
liome  without  having  the  mean4  of  sup- 
plying an  equally  good  one  in  its  idaee. 

Bo  tiierc  wa^  an  end  to  a  second  uf  tuy 
day-dreatns — that  of  working  f^*r  hb 
fiake,  of  sftcrlficiog  my  tastes  that  I 
might  minister  to  uis,  in  short,  of  g** 
Ci>ming  a  heroine  in  sc^me  way,  1  hardly 
knew  iiow, 

T I deaded  fatigue  and  went  to  tny  room. 

The  air  of  comfort  that  it  wore  |!ro* 
voked  me,  and  I  shed  tears  ai  tny  future 
proepeotfi  rose  he  fore  me, 

I  was  to  settle  down  as  a  r^^p^table 
married  woman^^no thing  more. 

I,  who  had  imagined  that  my  wedding 
day  was  to  usher  in  a  series  of  tmparal^ 
leled  trials  and  exertions,  t^irongh  wUloh 
I  was  to  pa^  trimuphanlly,  **  winmog 
golden  opinions  from  all  sory"  of  people, 

There  had  been  no  romance  la  mj  mx 


i/y  IIu$lkinti*$  Mother^ 


wat  notve  fn  stof6  for 


Bat    tiic«e    hetart-runding    rofloctjoiis 
wmrt  ltiU*iTtii>l*d  by  utej^a  on  tli«  iiair" 

I  hM»Ulf  washed  tny  eyo^,  nnti  tried  to 
ho/k  ehmfbl  when  mv  by^band  civme  in, 

Ihiii  liow 

ind  hiiw 

]  fttion   on 

ho  i^howod  tfio  his 

I  ini^iHl  hbniry,  llio 

'  ho  WJiit  rich, 

II  down  II  oiipy  t^f 

Li-ht?,  which  I  hsistily 

dec'liiriii;^'    ^-tfiuL    I    ImUsn 

thi-n^   wum'i  a  wurd   of 


,hill. 


Ei  had 

thtmr  m\tU^ 

fmirj  b  hl^  wh^iU  book,  and  that  f 
worn  (fivo  moro  Ibr  Uin?©  of  Byr*Jti'« 
pwit  ttli««  timn  fur  fjur  bundri*d 
Midtnnci  of -*' '^'  *'—J-i'  ..i....^mv  (irosalc 
tlbt^t*p  V.f  bUnk 

ftfii^*'  to  £t,.        listening 

vttb  m  tmtle,  wijtHi  tlita  rustiL*  oi  a  «ilk 
4ia  itartliNl  m  buth. 

My  liitskaiid  fpning  from  my  fflde  and 
pfitetittd  mt  Ui  tlio  stately  bdy,  hi^ 

ift4  1  li«d  Imnginetl  that  ahe  won  hi  nH^«t 
a«  ^  tk<t  d()or^  claop  mi>  to  hor  wartn 
iAbf^oe,  CfttliDj^  me  her  child,  and  pmy* 
iaf  Ibr  toy  ha]ipin«s<$. 

1  had  ofUli  pbturtnl  ti>  rnvHelf  a  vtry 
|r»uy  Ci^leftu  af  tld^  klDi),  but  a^  T  tiw 
f  wf  li«f  on  rny  arrival ,  I  had  con* 
\  iho  wtiii  ahftenL 
1  Ji)dlg«ii  (Hiiti  her  ai>peAr* 
il  ibe  Um9  which  hail  idiLfM^d 
J  li«f  totkicc,  and  I  »itouh1  as 
bAf#  Tentnred  to  ctnUmcw  Ptim- 
I  |iQkr  M  to  clwp  that  iiLitt«?)y  datnc 

Ift  ftyet  ibf)  w^me^  a^  f/ir  fVom  expect^ 
bfaATvnr'  II.    1  Cook  biir 

filbrwlhsi^  !  iivraomiiMBllU 

MQ  tJM  wra:  ^  und  fngid  a 

too*  aa  »^  I      I   knew  at 

met  tliftt  wtiar«ivor  11' r  i^^oci  might  bavo 
iabm^  abo  w«i  far  (nmi  railing  hi  lov« 
vHJh  ma  at  6mt  Mf  bt,  ami  I  wa^  <*qually 
m  tliai  Biy  feallaipA  UfWnnU  her  woitltl 
ttdt  t>(mm  ttfidft  the  bead  of  unrorjniUHl 

Tatt  wa*  H»ori  annoiini  r^l.  ntit!  h>4  if  1 

Mla^l^T^  I  :  my 

h&imad^  and  tcnvk  bur  phuw  lii  thu  baad 
if  tka  labia. 

ta  iOibad  a  littto  at  tbk  inm- 
>  «f  dkfpodng  of  me  and  my 
tW^lptty. 


I  nev^r  was  ambi titans  of  the  dntic«  of 
presiding  Qffi43er  at  lUiy  pt^t,  parUeularly 

of  the  onemua  ane^  il^v^ilving-oD  the  oc^ 
en  pant  of  the  po*^t.  of  h^inor  at  tabk,  and 
would  nm-^t  williri^4y  have  reaigtied  in 
favor  of  Madam  Uiirter  had  i  been  al- 
lowed the  privilegi*,  but  1  had  not  tiven 
tiie  empty  dkiinotinu  of  an  ahdicatton, 
©veti  if  it  wtr#  a  fi»roed  one^  oftWed  mo* 
I  HRid  norbing,  however. 

Btit,  ut:dcrneath  all  tny  tnother-in-law*s 
ttcsmpulotis  politenets  towards  ine,  1  dis- 
covered  the  ikct  that  ulie  wa^  j salons  of 
m^i  and  deter ndnod  to  yield  nothing  to 
me. 

**  If  thb  ii  a  dcelamtion  of  war,  I  ma 
ready,**  thougbt  I,  as  I  took  very  qulwlly 
my  cup  of  laa* 

As  week^  pa«scKl,  I  fotind  that  Ucr  tae* 
tics  consisted  priooi pally  in  aj-suming  ft 
pairojiijcin^  mariner  towards  inc». 
•  8he  Vi?ry  kimJIy  aaaomed  ih«  ta*k  of 
enteruimng  the  bullet  wlici  called  on  me, 
atid»  on  their  departure,  inftimied  m«s  to 
whom  i  Bltimtd  pay  the  greatest  atten* 
tioi*. 

On<«  My  m  riorticular  ahe  had  wnmtd 
mv  li^idnat,  and^  tliowgh  not  very  fovura- 
bly  iinprGs^ovd  liy  Mrtt.  Bryan  on  her 
5nit  viblt^  as  1  saw  it  annoyed  Hadam 
Carter,  I  called  on  her  qaite  »oon. 

She  retnrned  loy  visit  apt^edily.  1 
soon  found  that  ^be  (^nng  well^  arMl  vefy 
naodily  f^inplied  with  her  retjuett  tliai 
we  siiould  Ic^arn  (luels  loge titer*  So 
that  we  <i«x»u  ntruek  tip  quite  an  intimacy. 

My  hn<i!ianirii  time  was  very  nnteh  oo« 
oupied^and  he  gnve  himsidf  no  eLjncorn 
wEuitcviT  about  my  aL'<piatntanee«»,  Tbia 
did  not  phan^  me.  la  tWet  I  Hjionhl  havo 
ininitaly  praferrod  the  mos^t  ri^d  syrveil* 
to  Iho  ooot  inditlet-ent!4j  whioli  bo 


diaplayed. 

I  b^kgan  to  iioagina  tha.t  he  did  not 
love  me,  and  diitennined  to  prove  hirn. 

I  hful  i  manned  that  where  love  itx  I  sl- 
ed tlier»  touAt  S>e  fx^rU'et  vyinputliy  be- 
twt$en  huiband  and  wif^*  in  all  their 
varying  mo^H];^  hnt.  whim  I  waA  miK»dy, 
he  Uii»k  no  not  if!  fi  of  it,  when  1  \ra«  gay, 
beftntilud  iudtH-n],  but  that  wai»  all;  in 
fact,  b«  waa  alwayn  the  ^ame,  calm,  eh^r* 
fill  and  practical,  ^' ''  f  ♦K^rofor©  draw 
Uiii  very  h>giea]  r^'  :  om  my  pre* 

milieu  that  Ito  ilid  i  lsl% 

**  Will  nothing  rntii*e  hiinf*  I  ankad 
myiwif,  and  my  i'vU  ^r.-nlTi^  replifid,  "If 
yon  oould  only  mrr  ilon*/*  and  I 

r«M»1fed  t^Hry  iIm  if 

OpjHirtuiiity  w:i 

Ur.  ("anaiiiiCi  i^  ^n, 

isatno  to  pay  bis  ^ij^irv  n  vt-iu    >h%i  ixk- 


aot 


My  ffu^hand**  MoihiK 


[S^p^ 


trodaced  him  at  ODce  ta  me,  and  I  found 
hitn  both  EifljidAoine^  lakntcd  and  i^^roea* 
bio  ]  be  appeiired  to  find  m«  equally  in- 
ttresnng,  and  b«gAn  to  show  me  conai- 
derubk  attontion. 

1  enlarges)  on  Im  attractions,  both  of 
mmtX  find  [icrson^  to  rny  hatband — he  odIj 

Jrowned  in  reply;  but  ray  moiber-iu-law 
ookod  oi)  blft  frequent  ykits  witli  far 
differcriit  eyes. 

Mr,  Canning  was  not  slow  to  perceii^e 
Madam  Carter ^adiiilike  to  bim,  or  mj  di^ 
like  to  her,  and,  tUowgh  never  ungentle- 
maidy,  it  was  evident  that  be  woyld  not 
pay  her  that  marked  deference  which  she 
deitmn<]ed  of  her  acquaintances, 

Sba  had  not  as  yet  expressed  her  dlsap* 
probiilion  of  Mr.  Canning,  as,  infsici,  she 
could  bring  nothing  positive  against  him. 

One  night,  however,  when  we  had  been 
at  a  party  where  Mr,  Canning  bad  been 
as  chisti  an  attendant  as  mv  shadow,  my 
bnsband  informed  me  that  lie  wished  me 
to  be  les^  intimate  both  with  Ur^.  Bryau 
and  her  brother. 

I  replied  **that  1  faand  tijem  1ml h 
igreeable  and  saw  no  reason  fur  pursuing 
the  course  that  ho  reco  in  mended," 

**  They  are  extremely  disagreeable  to 
niy  mother,"  said  my  Imsband,  Tliej'  are 
exiretneiiy  n^reenhU  to  your  ii^//4*^  retort- 
ed L 

"  My  mother  dedares  that  she  will  not 
go  into  the  room  when  they  visit  here,'* 
said  he. 

**A  very  eenfjiile  resolution  on  your 
mother^s  part,'^  was  my  reply.  "  She  has 
heretofore  been  parliculariy  careful  to  be 
present  on  woeh  occasions.^* 

*'  Dti  you  mean  to  say,  tbeni  that  yon 
persist  in  retaining  these  people  as  inti- 
mate friends  when  it  b  m  contrary  lo 
the  wishea  of  your  family  V^ 

"Say,  rather^  to  tl»e  wishes  of  your 
mother,  and  I  reply  yes,  I  reangui^e  no 
riglit  that  she  ha*  to  dictate  from  mere 
caprice^  wlio  shall  be  my  aj«oL"iates." 

''  But  it  h  no  mere  whim,  SrbvL  Mrs. 
Bryan  has  always  been  accused  of  inn- 
prop  Pieties  of  conduct,  to  say  tiie  least, 
^d  her  brother  is  said  to  be  really  un- 
principled." 

"  Nonsense  I"  retorted  T ;  ***ome  sowing 
circle  gossip  of  a  few  tattling  old  ladjefl. 
I  sbnll  not  give  Bp  my  fri ends  for  such 
baseless  rumors.'* 

*'^  I  nnders^tand  you  to  say,  then,  decid- 
edly^ ihut  y*m  intend  lo  pursue  your  own 
coun^t — to  clinn;  to  lhi?«)*?  p<*opJe/* 

^' Fiarc  your  rt*qiiifHt  lo  give  them  up 
on  'm  irifo  grtm n d,  jcflilr>ujry,  and  I  might 
iDswei'  differently."    * 


**  Jealousy  I"  repeated  my  husband  iu 
a  most  contemptuous  t^ne.  ^'^Sii  yiiu 
have  imagined  me  jeoloug.  It  is  no  high 
compliment,  tvhen  the  oause  of  it,  too,  b 
supposed  to  be  a  brainlea^j  popjiy,  tik^ 
Canning,  No,  Sibylj  you  have  iitinJi 
ntistaken  rae.  It  ia  my  regard  for  ib> 
wife  that;  leads  me  to  warn  her  agaiita 
two  unprincipled  persons," 

**  Say  in  compliance  with  your  inother^ii 
mU,'^  I  replied^  "and  yon  will  lell  Qm 
truth/* 

^^  As  you  will/'  he  answered  coldly ; 
^*bui  I  tell  yon  I  'ivill  be  obeyed.  If  yuo 
cannot  en m ply  with  a  request,  obey  ft 
command.  Drop  tbese  people  at  imoe 
and  for  ever/* 

"  h  your  mother  to  bo  mi^treia  her^»  or 
am  1  ?''  I  exclaimed  in  a  tit  of  ungovern- 
able passion,  *'  8he  has  dominecreil  pver 
me  till  1  can  bear  it  no  longer.  We  iiato 
each  other.  We  cannot  breathe  under 
the  same  roof;  either  she  or  1  must  g  ? 
from  it/' 

**  And  OLtL  you  aak  me,  Sibyl,  to  ttirn 
my  mother  from  tny  house — she  who 
toiled  early  and  late  to  give  me  the  edu- 
en t ion  which  has  pi aoedrne  where  1  now 
am — tliat  noble  mother,  wbo^  by  her 
needle,  gained  stibfiiHtenco  for  herself  and 
children,  and  shall  I  now  be  the  ham 
wretch  to  repay  her  with  ingratitude  I 
Never  I  never  I" 

'*  Whatever  she  may  have  done  for 
von,""*  I  rejoined,  *'  she  bos  never,  tliank 
Heaven  1  done  aught  for  me  that  1  ninsl 
repay  with  sertiHty,  She  must  be  of  a 
generous  soul,  inde^^^  to  require  the  sub- 
jection of  a  slave,  not  only  from  her  son, 
but  from  her  son*s  wife.  Bow  befort 
her,  if  yon  will  -,  I  will  neter  do  it/' 

My  husband  made  no  reply.  He  pro* 
bably  thought  that,  after  a  abort  struggle, 
I  should  yield ;  but  no  I  I  wa^  resolved. 

The  next  day  I  went  to  rid©  will*  Mf- 
Canning,  as  I  bad  before  agreed  to  do  ; 
I  was  in  no  mood  to  play  the  agreeablt, 
and  he,  to  my  surprise,  eonsirned  ttiy 
silence  and  dejection  into  a  reganl  for 
him. 

I  speedily  checked  hts  iusaltlng  expres- 
Fions  of  tenderness,  and  bade  htm  c^rry 
me  home. 

I  now  saw  the  wisdom  of  my  hus- 
liand*B  connsol^  but  I  would  not  oOow  my 
mr^ther*in*law  to  n appose  that  her  wiU 
had  been  olwyed. 

As  soon  oa  I  reached  home  I  com-^ 
me  need  pncking  my  trunk,  and,  havit^tt 
ord*»rcd  a  carriage,  I  wrote  a  not©  fot  Any 
husband;  it  ran  tlms: 


IU%\ 


M^  liuskanTi  Mother* 


^^  J I  in  jui  alii  t»»^vmg  of  that  otd  fi&shlou- 
•d  UjoK  ^^^  Hibkf  til  at  ^  a  iiian  alM 
kftire  fjith<;r  mid  mother  and  ah  all  cleave 
toJd*  wi/«/  Vmi  ha  Via  decided  dilfi?r- 
foUf-^  It  b  to  be  (imiurne^l  that  }'oti  are 
r^;r^t,  Howcvor  tliftt  in  a  J  be,  wo  mni^t 
f'  Thai  jfau  nuijr  be  happy  is  Uio 

'^     ii  of  SrjITL   UABTSB.^* 

Thi>  T  f(>ldi>d  and  laid  upon  Uie  tjibTi^ 
voidd  meet  Im  cyo  on  hh  re- 
[  t  .1  p  to  n^  otiiil  ^  la]  U 

Uhod  my  last  duties,  nnd 
rw  ^  J  he  carri/*ge  every  mo- 

^iDoDt,   .^01 II    Liio  d<x*r  t spoiled  and  mjf 
hQ»ti«L[id  eot4^r«d. 

00  looked  at  101%  Uiibltod  aa  I  waa  Tor 
mrjimrntjt  with  no  little  surprise,  but 
laid  outliibg. 

liln  eye  fell  t>u  the  note ;  he  opened  it^ 
Piad  it  deHberaie1>%  and  laid  it  dowti 

**  U  tiib  indeed  yotir  flnai  reaolntion  T' 
U  aak^. 
**  It  i^**  wat  my  r*ply* 
Ee  wsu  jiilent  M  a  mw  nirrnienta^  anil 
I   wuiild   haves   giv*fu   worii*    to    ha%x* 
"aown  hb  Wlin;^!*^  l>ut  hm  c>ouiitenaiie<} 
\  imfHai*Mmhkv. 

At  I'r  *  ' -4e. 

**  A  lient  tliat  yoii  may  pro- 

,.  -,.^,.  >oiir  lawyt'f,  *hflll  rcceho 
nmefjtale  att(.<utioti,'^  he  tt^id, 
f  ln»rt  I'd  ouidly. 

n,  wna  the  thought  tlmt  occm- 
1.     lie   could   ihink  of  money 
Atvrv  whtin  I  was  iitiir4.^ritig  aguriieii  at 
artiog  from  hhn, 

1  wiiald  hnvo  died  railicr  than  recelv^e 
imi!  penny  from  hirn. 

iu»i  titan  iha  MmagQ  mme  to  the 


|] 


1  v'er  took  my  trunV,  and  T  fol- 
t;    my   hn^hatid '  uaa  1>ehind 


,  uiuugh  I  did  not  know  Ir. 
[JtilUltd  ma  kindly  into  t!ie  carriage 
I  A  faw  friendly  ^'iMxi-l^y  wordji, 
Thm  driver  C4iaeke4  hin  whip,  and  wo 

t  fiartad  for  »vor. 
I  tank  back  in  the  coaeh^  and  w<»pt 
ittjirly. 

t  koow  that  my  liu*hind  ittippoMMJ  mo 
WbQ  gmng  to  my  aantV  Imi  1  had  no 
fadbidaa. 

I  wuuld  fo  «omewheF9|  I  carad  not 

rUcrt,  m  nt»body  knaw  me,  and  there  I 

pfutkl  Cftm  my  livinir. 

Ill  i(i#  cart  1  matured  my  plan^.    I 

Pimid  gotn  B<**U)o-»(Hiiii  thtfuee,  tojiome 

y  aa  mnaia  trtarhcr. 

WfSit  to  tha  I{«irer«  Ilocise,  where  I 
Uie   arqnabitaiioa  of  a  nouihem 
idy    n  tA94;it«r  Itt  M  aamltuiry  at  th« 


SoDth,  ADd,  Quder  an  a^aizicd  cami^  eu' 
gflgod  to  aeeomjmny  her  as  a  teacher. 

I  went  with  her,  and  neFer  Wiii  there 
a  Mddor  heart  than  mine  dnnng  the  nine 
monthB  that  I  sj^cnt  there. 

1  had  at 0 pie  leli^nre  to  view  my  eon- 
duet  in  ita  Irne  light,  and  I  ^aw  miitdi  tv 
eo ndt*mn .  liti t  w hat  ^h 0 ul d  I  do  ?  M iiai 
nive  on  bo  for  ever?  I  aske^l  myself- 
I  caQnot ;  my  whole  soul  would  cry  out : 
hut  I  made  no  definite  plana. 

Taking  up  a  newspaper,  one  day,  I  fca^ 
a  paragraph  which  sf>oko  of  the  seven 
ilintsa  of  Dr.  Garter. 

*Mlo  mav  die/*  I  gasp^,  *'  and  nevet 
forffiv©  me.^^ 

fho  tliouglit  waa  agfmy.  All  fakt 
pride  wna  forgotten. 

I  started  immediately  for  home,  travel- 
rm>5'  day  and  nighty  purmted  by  the  bar* 
rowing  iliought  that  be  might  die  before 
I  reached  hlm^ 

I  inquired,  i»  if  I  were  a  <'?jmmon  ae- 
tjuaintanee,  at  Uinghampton,  if  he  Wi-rt- 
hiring. 

Thank  (Jod!  he  wn». 

It  was  night,  but  I  hurried  up  to  Uw 
woll-ktiowti  boUB^,  on  fiHit  and  alouts 

I  ran  throiigli  the  fttret^t**.  I  enter©*! 
the  ho«*M?,  and  walked  miWy  up  to  h\* 
chain  her* 

There  ho  lflj\  sleeping  j  his  motlior  by 
hb  bed^de,  where  his  wife  Mhmild  havi- 
ti^n. 

Ilef  head  wa$  bent  ft  if  ward,  and  f^hv 
did  not  se«  me  m  I  glided  to  hi»  fide. 

Ue  toasted  une4»slly*  **  Sibyl  1"  he  mnr- 
mnrcH]  in  hi^  t>heu. 

"  I  am  here,"  1  whispered  in  hi^  ear, 
for  I  oonld  hear  it  no  longt?r, 

Jle  otiened  hla  eyen,  Axed  them  on  me 
with  a  Ivwik  of  love^  »tirang  forward^  and 
fell  back  fid n ting** 

''Woman I  yon  have  killed  hlmr 
ahrieked  hia  motlier. 

Hut  it  waa  not  *o,  Tlie  (khoek  had 
indead  been  a  great  one,  bat  he  soon  r<^ 
gained  hb  eon»oiouine«j». 

There  ^tm  no  need  of  wordd  then; 
all  wa^  forgf>!tt*n.  !!«  could  not  b«ir  to 
have  me  leave  ht^  side,  and  I  was  happy 
nowhere  elae. 

I  had  become  vtry  hnmble,  for  I  bowad 
myself  to  my  rnother-lndaw.  Was  aho 
not  hU  mother  t 

My  husband  -■  ^  iMivortHl,  and 
when  I  wuo!d  h  1  of  the  pa«t, 

and  bogged  hU  \>  '  '  ,  d  — 

**  Fofjpvu  me,  1  or- 

ity.  W«  have  U^Mi  -^iM>MT>i  iini.  u,  hat 
we  have  loved  mnch ;  and  w«i  liavi^ 
loamad  a  grc«i  letaon-^that  of  mutna) 
forbearance.** 


[Sop 


THE   WEEDER. 
**Tbe  fenrant  earnestly  deslreth  the  shadow. 


'*  rp]ES  morn  is  post,  and  yet  tho  weeds  are  thick, 
X  And  the  fierce  August  sun  pours  on  me  burningly, 
0  God!^^  she  said,  *^send,  send  that  shadow  quick, 
VT^iich  I  desire  so  yearningly. 


^^  Tor  mo  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day, 

And  a  stern  master  who  doth  show  nd  lenity; 
For  liiiii  rich  pleasure-lands  stretch  far  away, 
With  groves  of  cool  serenity. 

"Above  liis  meadows,  into  golden  air, 

The  rounded  knoll  uplifts  its  i^recn  protuberance, 
And  ripening  harvests  wave  and  toss  their  hair, 
In  golden-tressed  exuberance. 

"  There  are  cool  woodlands,  in  whose  dusk  arcades 
The  very  noonday  seems  of  twilight  emulous ; 
No  heat  wins  there,  but,  in  the  silent  glades, 
The  silent  dews  hang  tremulous. 


"  There  the  tall  tulip  crests  the  glorious  scone. 
The  stately  monarch  of  thoye  sylvan  ]>alacos; 
And  itd  strong  arms,  like  priests  in  ferial  green. 
Life  up  their  golden  chalices. 

"  Through  tho  thick  leaves  the  tempered  sunbeams  sift, 
And  pleasant  shades  are  oV  the  sward  distributed; 
There  worms  may  crawl;  there  thistle-down  may  drift. 
And  I — I  am  prohibited. 


*  I  faint  with  toil;  yet  keep  my  faith  to  all. 

Though  none  save  God,  regardeth  mo  observantly. 
Father!"  she  cried,  *'  when  will  that  shadow  fall. 
For  which  I  pine  so  fervently?" 

Then  came  a  shadow ;  but  'twas  icy  cold. 
As  of  some  swart,  dread  angel  o'er  her  hovering ; 

It  wreathed  around  her  with  voluminous  fold. 
And  wrapped  her  in  its  covering. 

Chill  though  it  was,  she  hailed  it  with  a  smile ; 

And,  worn  by  years  and  grief  and  long  infirmity, 
Lay  down  beneath  it,  alept  a  little  while, 

And  wakened  in  eternity. 


1154  J 1 


THE     rBOPER     SPEEEE     OF     MEN* 

(4  UmSM  fSQM  ONE  OV  TBI  **&lUOi«Q  MiinDKIL'') 


Ftookinx  fr\^r  nn  ftrUcloon  *' Woman 
will  T  ju  M  i> vemcn  t,'  ■  1  n  o  no 

vC  the  rati;  >  uf  j^our  cicelbtit 

lit  liiUavritig  piisbA^c  :— 
^  Aiuifttbir  it  i|>p<!iLr3  to  m  I  but  these 

Wltda  <  ri  of  tiii» 

iHilaf  ^  by  the 

WMf   U    a   l:ici:    not    lo  uo   wnmJLTijd    dt, 

1^  dcli  WES  fiii^  in  tl'iJ  oiljifr  its  own 
tac  «piir«d&tion.  Woman  no  ^li^iibt  hv* 
•  imdt  wiier  sense  of  what  ij;  mjinly 
tbiii  niui  himself  ha«,  l^ocauire  jibe  !^ur* 
nf*  ym  frtitii  wiiliuui,  &nd  ^atlii'rs  U[> 
ibe  itttter«d  rayi  *>f  dia  cbar«<^UT  in 
vM  fbn  ffliil  vjinnietric  imprea«ioti.  Bho 
^  09  prirfttA  biasijs  lo  tiffin C  licr  vi- 
^ft.  So  it  b  widi  fiiarj  in  r€«(>ecrl  Co 
waamL,  Hk  ftpontan'Kni^  impretliion  of 
vnoiafi  |g  mnch  traer  llm^  hor  own.^ 

If  jour  corr«9pciodcn|  i^  rli^hi — imd 
tfacrv  c«it  Ue  no  doubt  uf  it— (be  i<troD> 
fV  tts  oogbl  U>  b<}  pi^rnthted  to  tnke  nu 
wraninmit  gknoo  at  t'  '  ^  in  ibe 
nlrror  of  a  wotnan^^  i  It  k  a 

iM^tbatUjU  *Vfn''  ■"  itn-ctrio  iin- 

pBMioil^  iliotilil  ]  -  veibd  from 

^1^  sad  tbb  '^  tv,  ..  ...>L^  of  wbnt  U 
■aalf,**  eoooeabd  from  I  bo  knowkH]f<i3 
^Itboaa  who  m*mi  ttttd  itv  (iug^eesijon;!, 

Man  liaa  i^bown  do  MQctane^?  to  be* 
iOBM  tin*  infftmctor  axid  conn»(»Uof  of 
mnan.  On  the  crmtrarr,  bavuig  made 
Iba  iBttil  tirofoimd  ntid  t^titiim^bvoidvt 
Inio  ibe  iii]bj<^ct  of  Iter  n^tiit^ 
,aiid  (yii>-<u|tii>nt  i\ti\hn  to  b»m- 
!  in  pro* 
dtirrrf*'  ..:ittioiH; 

aof  ha*  ii|H>i4  our  do* 

dift  MT,  IV or  of  a  eon- 

ilMal  ^  In  biit 

anHoar  bo  ba^ 

Gli««ly  -  -y  (*'»** U 

UtfiOki  'T  the  po^Hor, 

wuitrj  ,:  '  <*r;  in  lib  ik>- 

Mftanmasiai  ha  baiC(Jntamftbit4^d  bitr  ut 
a  dtoanoat  witii  a  ba1f->-bui  ey<s  and 
fmM  litr  to  be  a  diviiiity  curroutidcd 
Igr  *  iiiio  of  virtni^  and  ^rnt^tsei ;  anon, 
witlia  boldftrida  bo  ba«  ''explored  tbe 
Jtapipl  ff  tnwmr n**  of  b«r  lt«in|f,  thr imtin;^ 
Ma  MBa  iaiAaTrr  ( if  bi;r  men- 

Irf  attd  neral  ^^-  ;  a^airi«  wttb 

dio  piir|»u4K'^     Dt:  iiaa  itt^|«etid 


bcr  to  anntomieal  insperiioni  tlU  at 
leR||;tb  ber  "  Wbole  Life  and  Environ- 
ment bavu  been  Inid  npon  and  clucidatod, 
8«*iircvly  a  fr^x^ment  or  tihrc*  of  moiiI, 
btidy  an* I  pnss^jH^iotiw*  but  bjiM  bei:»ri  pro- 
bed, di9i?(^oted»  distilk^d,  dcK^iicAtod,  and 
sclentitieally  dcpomtMisecL*^  Tb©  r^u 
tiherffd  spirit  0/  her  ban  recently  bi>en 
doU'ctt*d  ami  detnif»e*l  by  **  victor! ons 
nnalys^ia  of  one  ^if  our  first  olcrgjymen,^' 
ftfifi  (otrnd  to  bo  kienrim]  witb  tbo  '*  «* 
M^ne^  a/  the  Jift$titmlt*.^*  Tim  Jr«niu  cbe- 
rnlco-olerical  irciiiii*  bas  by  a  kind  of 
transi*cndA.nm!  in^pirntton,  coirm  to  a 
pretty  near  ^iK*»^^  an  to  the  reason  **  why 
God  ever  mudi*  11  woiManl^* 

80  waroSiftd  are  f boats  self- appointed 
p-iinrdiaos  nf  tbo  ftmole  portion  of  man- 
kind^ ibttt  ibey  let  slip  no  opjiortunlty 
of  sbowinjf  UM  to  our«elvtv,  tivcn  when 
wo  least  eXfi©ot  it  In  iierinon  and  e«say, 
atid  nowjitMiper,  i  ti  ibe  griivt^  1  bei  >lu^ca]  re- 
view and  diolivifly  rim{ja3£ine^in  ibe  hoavy 
wm«»  mid  lb(^  bumblo  tract,  tlit^y  treat  u« 
to  a  bomilv ,  or  at  \em%  drop  a  suflfleiont 
bint^  tonebing  oar  '''iphtra  and  duties,'* 
IfaUtprary  or  ^identinn  if^ntU-rnan  pre- 
sents biniHeir  Wfure  a  niiied  uiidienoo  as 
a  leetnrer^  whatever  be  tbo  ^nhjtPt^  bo 
is  almost  sure^  la  tbo  oour^e  of  bif*  ad- 
drci^^,  to  te))  tbo  womon  what  tie  ttiinkn 
of  tbein.  If  the  speaker  It  a  ^'raro  and 
di^itlod  man,  it  r6(|tiinea  often  an  ad^ 
tnirablo  dejin^o  of  ingejin»ty  to  fasten 
projH^rly  tiucli  an  em<idical  matiof  to 
th#  tnain  subject.  With  tbo  tmmori^t  it 
is  oa<iicr«  Ho  always  tak<ia  enre  to  6U 
tbo  j>oeketii  of  Ida  moinory  wttti  a  num- 
ber of  b|i;ht  Er^uib^  to  fliny^  among  tbe 
andSoncOf  aod  1:  '  '  "  Attention  awakOj 
after  the  itAmv  ^  *'  Yt>ung  Amor 

iea,"  on  FuijrL.i  i^i  -iiiy  diiVfi,  seaiter* 
liulo  fireworks  on  tbo  t^ido* walks  which 
jiop  aad  fli  unexfiectodly  nnder  tbo  feet 
of  pas^em.  At  cbaritoblo  an<i  pbiian- 
tbr^»|iic  tfif'ttliiL'^-,  it  U  t'ii?h»Mi;irv  ti»  ad- 
dre-a  a  1  liorta- 

tion  to  Ml  hpit  Ujo 

tcii  of  tb«  dt^ooorsa  lo  "VfhtvU  ib^^y  ba^i 
been  Utttonin^  bad  00  applic^ition  lo 
tbem. 

Ix^t  a  woman,  "^witb  raab  band  In  avtl 
hour,"  put  forth  a  lK>ok.  lAit  Iho  ^Idaa 
up|t^irt unity  i^  nt^'titrd  iJp4*n  for  a  naW 
batch   of    art  let  ^t  called    rovkwi|    but 


306 


The  Proper  Sphere  of  Mm. 


[Sept 


wWcb  torn  out  to  be  essays  dh  wojiiau- 
lioixL  The  «iiAlj£b  ii  repeated,  the 
<]eptlis  ar«  Again  sounded,  the  esaeneo 
dUUlledi  the  subtile  ispirit  caiight^  ibo 
old  s<}rtnoii  of  domestic  datiea  forbisbed 
^Up  T^itb  a  new  text,  and  preacbed  over 
gaip  to  the  patteot  aud  Timcb -en during 
aterbood.  A  good  $ij£ed  volume  on  die 
natural  cbaractgristlcs  of  woman  migbt 
be  eoinpiled  from  tbo  pr^Bs  notice^*  of 
D  n  cle  To  m^a  Cabi  n  done.  Tb  e  fj  ae?  tion 
of  her  eapaoity  to  write  a  proper  nuvel 
nil,  the  kind  ebe  may  wilb  feufetj 
ttempt,  Ijer  deficieoey  of  humor,  htr 
Wk  tjf  ability  to  ocimtruct  a  jilut,  tbes©, 
and  fiiinilar  matter^j  are  definitively 
settled.  Now,  though  extremely  grate- 
ful for  the  smallest  attentifuis  fr^mi  the 
lords  of  creation,  we  ehoold  like  to  pee., 
us  a  cujio.^ity  merely,  some  proiluctlon 
of  a  *'  female  pen"  reviewed  aa  a  work 
of  art ;  tbe  preliminary  process  of  fusing 
the  whole  sisterhood  in  the  cracible 
being  omitted*  But  we  have  long  sinee 
deispQired  of  tJie  apfifearanee  of  suoli  a 
leinarkaiil©  literiiry  phenotnennn. 

Verily  tbe  debt  of  obligation  which 
the  weaker  sex  owes  the  strunger  is  very 
great.  All  women  have  now  found  out 
what  they  are^  of  what  they  are  capable ^ 
in  what  ibeir  duty  and  highest  bapr^i- 
neiss  eoni^ist,  and,  best  of  all,  the  wfiy  to 
plefl^  die  tue  0 1  That  myster  iou  s  t  h  i  n  ^, 
of  which  we  have  heard  so  often*  **  th^ 
Mccret  pf  our  potoer^^*  h^  been  fully  and 
dearly  ox  plained.  We  have  been  told 
by  our  advisers  in  what  ways  we  may 
beoome  "  cbarniing,"  and  in  what  ways 
we  are  iu  danger  of  losing  our  "  charms." 
Sapient  editors  have  in  funned  us,  also, 
w4iat  things  tliey  would  not  like  to  have 
their  wives  do;  so  that  we  need  no 
longer  liuiit  our  am bi  Lion  to  attempta  at 
pleasing  our  several  husband.?,  fathers, 
and  brotliers",  but  aspire  after  the  cotn- 
tnendathms  of  all  men.  What  glory  is 
oars  I  We  ai^  the  la.4  and  most  perlect 
work  of  God ;  sprung  from  the  rib  of  an 
Adam— the  rib  nearest  bis  heart,  \v  e  are 
told— and  at  length,  after  sii  thoui^nd 
years  of  tuition,  we  are  flattered,  in  some 
quarters,  as  having  **  risen""  to  an  equality 
with  man  I 

We  are  impelled  to  make  a  small  in- 
stalment in  return  for  the  numerous 
favors  we  have  received.  We  ofler  it  in 
the  current  coin,  which  tJiougb  iome- 
what  worn,  bears  the  familiar  ^tamp. 

Ever  since,  iu  our  childhood  we 
laughed  at  tlio  philosopher  who  wonld 
havo  iirtidiieed  gourde  an  oak  trees  and 
aeorus  on  vinei,  and  at  the  eat  who  at- 


templed  to  play  fine  lad yt  we  have  be«u 
convinced  of  tbe  prripricfy  and  wisdom 
of  conforming  to  Naturf,  and  moving  iu 
the  sphere  indicated  by  creativo  iuteHi- 
gence.  Mature  years  have  stre[igtlit*ne<l 
the  eonviotion.  All  things^  all  heings 
hove  a  sphere  of  action  to  w*hich  tb<*y 
are  suited;  only  in  their  own  plac^  are 
they  beautiful  and  n»«fal;  out  of  it,  ih«iy 
are  uu sightly  and  absurd.  ''^  Things  arv 
not  huddled  and  lumped,  bnt  sundered 
and  individual  A  bell  and  a  plough 
have  each  their  use,  and  neither  c4n  a<* 
the  office  of  the  other.  Water  is  gr*od 
to  drink,  coal  to  burn,  wool  to  wear,  but 
wool  cannot  be  drunk,  nor  water  span, 
nor  coal  eaten.  The  wise  man  «how  a  hia 
wisdom  in  separation,  in  gradation  ;  and 
bis  flCJile  of  creatures  and  of  merits  is 
as  wide  aa  Nature."  ^'Nature  pardons 
no  mistaken ;  her  yea  is  3'ea,  her  nay, 
nay.'*  Now,  w  hat  is  the  affirmation  of 
Noture,  coneeming  the  sphere  of  actipn^ 
sailed  10  the  male  portion  of  the  ho  man 
race  ?  The  answer  to  this  question  will 
be  found  by  a  recurrence  to  the  fact^  of 
man^s  mental  and  physical  eonsiitution. 

We  do  not  propose  to  enter  npon  an 
inqtii ry  as  to  the  equality  of  man  lo 
woman*  Wo  waive  the  question,  or 
yi^ld  tbe  point,  and  allow  tl^t  ho  h  not 
inferior  to  ns.  But  he  is  difT^rent, 
^*His  muscular  system  is  firmer  atid 
more  powerful;  his  chest  wider,  hit 
longs  more  capacious  and  stronger. 
The  female  form  h  more  slender;  the 
bones  ore  smaller ;  tbe  heart  and  arterial 
syslem  weaker;  the  venous  and  lym- 
phatic systems  predominate,  and  thus  the 
contour  is  more  rounded^  fonning  tbe 
waving  line ;  the  whole  proportion  of  the 
body  is  smaller  and  more  delicate. 
Henoe  tbe  form  of  man  ecmvey^  tht^  idea 
of  strength ;  the  form  of  woman  that  of 
beauty." 

Man  is  active;  womani  paasitre  ;  man 
aims  at  distant  objects;  he  -—  -  '  7f.*s, 
forme  eitens-i  ve  plans,  and  v  ni- 

self  with  abstract  sabjects.  V,  ..„,»,vLi  in* 
te rests  herself  in  the  concrete,  the  par- 
ticular, tbe  practical  Man  is  quick  and 
violent  in  his  fiai^ions,  woman  quiet  and 
patient  Woman  strivea  to  elTcct  her 
objects  by  kindne^^  or  by  enfiumg,  man 
by  force* 

Man  intorcsts  J:  aftoirs; 

woman  prefervj  dn  ^  in  b«r 

fnn<*tion  of  materniLy  ^  itre 

of  1  n flue t ice  itiperior  to 

any  that  man  oiin  hoju  1  hyjf^ 

in  her  retirement^  she  sceptr* 

of  the  world.    BUent  ixuu  iinfleen,  like 


nH.\ 


TkM  PmpiF  Bphm  fsf  Mmu 


ikil  fiul  foroe  which  olotl»«4  tho  world 
wUll  Viniun,  tbe  vl¥^itl«i  and  orgftii* 
Ifti  iW  lismAn  rme**  What  %\m  h^eimm^ 
Mcittj  K  Jf  ntan  b  «j(c]ude4  from  Uib 
iiflfMirtaiil  pmitioii,  it  h  tiiftt  h^  m^y  bd 
biMiir  Aim  for  bn  own  '';iri[in>pricLCc 
Hlh<fii*  tllAt  of  mtjii^tj'irgf;  iJio  wanl«, 
mi  MJUMttofiiif  ta  tlie  w«lf£in»  aud  im|t- 
|4i«*  of  W0II11II.  Eit  irap^riof  atrongih 
iff  BMi^  UkI  mtiAcle  hjifi  its  uac  in  duing 
|l«  voild^t  hard  work^evdliii^  Ujc» 
fttfwi;  MDCHiUuii^  iEi'>  lii^liwijij  ;  tiltii^j^ 
llie  Ciftli ;  uavjgHtirtg  \\w  oicitn ;  mrning 
tib#  e-iimcmtAi  and  %Liurtg  the  great  bat- 
t'  •  irio  and  himsdf,  ft>r  fnstdnm 

^  .uoii,    Tli<Mtf,  aiid  tha   lik« 

liktf»^AUtr»  has  fiUefi  Id  em  ftrr^  and,  by 
llli  ItMMl^  imperatival  J  cdl^  iipoti  him 

Man  lia»  vkor  and  ootupftlionahenti^ 
itf  tQttll«eL    TTe  write!*  €|M       '         tra 
tjeii  tfnthff  and  c  y^* 

■id    of  ^;/v  vk  iriMvllt  * 

;  Ui*<dogi<?!*,  and  tl«o 
piiiCfo^  -  '*  ;*rofit  dc.'d  fif 

wli4l  i-  uhlbUien^iii 

i  iniit  ,  !  dee]*<iuu  that 

liiltaB  otenr^d  in  w^iTiiftti.  Tho  con- 
diriimtlllAt  women  reach  hy  cme  cioetric 
AM  ol  tmorring  inaitiet,  men  tag  nft<*r 
vitli  ibv  alow  and  rcsfMM^tabk  niuvunient^ 
^  ftttO.  Mao  ia  d  «tic)  en  1 1  n  tf  T  not  lull  tin  d 
iflji^tiiifi^     HU  t^a*^  dri  n«>t  f)«*w  rriidily, 

frt  u 

^vta  taivnor.     ii«  i^  Ji:^  Mi^jcepiiiMt.'  to 
liHow  blfiotii^Qa  than  woman.     In  a 
aaiQrto  vt:T-^>  *i  -  church  andvtat^  ar« 
imayMl^  an  r  vatic«  of  ra  1  igio  iist 

libtttifeh    .......: yJiebiDudi  mora 

MUfial  Of  t]««m  than  ji^  wonmn. 

R  Mfi«lrc4  but  a  glanca  at  the  nmsoa* 
IIm  17*  7L^¥«,  that  ibrjiigh  L4) 

4««»  ii<  ii>  in  hlmitiLf  all  hmnan 

h^i^  b  itrong,  and  bravo,  and 
It  if  evident,  therefore,  tliat 
ifl  mmk  oi  att  Ume*.  wlmimttT  ba  tbatr 
iadifiJtuil  cdimiiiQmBiicii  op  t4pn4i^mi«0, 

0mj»^  Id  W  angigad  if j  i  or 

Milf  or  tavaUK  aa  iiri>  hitiun  t'»  thi 
llimitaan  |>oirv^  of  ibvir  m^    Tb«ra 


mttiOMdoain-' 

'!=-"'-  ■  ''^n  to  Rtiin 

vitWOnpliAla.  ^ 

Tii>  ijii*- 

CiJkm''    Sliflia^ 

<L>  fTian 

latl^tlMlianlw 

Ills- 

IliMrtbawcirHn 

.kM 

IbpfOHi*  ^«*^' 

tuTfata  of  to- 

ilttr  BMt  tnffrf  . 

iiifiw. 

libiUHt^ 

r^  aro  mulli- 

tll4«lMrilic 

^-d  lueti)  wbii 

tu  Uiflii  laul  caiy  fiuratlita^ 


Ur  more  suitable  tr»  the  d^^Uoaia  percop- 
tion*^  tho  injjii'  t,  and  a|itnu»s  for 

d&iail  which  i  u  woman.    Thi» 

h  a  gn>wmjf  evri  and  needs  to  bt?  diorki^d. 
I[islt*4idof  *' fulfill  lap  thdr  mi^slnnr  hy 
perforuiing  th<)so  onerrm.'j  T?t^!       '  ^ 

too  heavy  and  exhausting  fur 
con'^titytion  of  womirn^  and  <  ;  > 

her  Ulglmr  riamt\s  met!  lia^u  n 

a  great  vadoty  of  maniitmitut  ^  . . .  , ,^i^ 

tw'ah^T  fiUmkgth  ut  mtijscle  nur  vii^'or  of 
Inteil4»ct«  They  hav^  condescended  to 
itetty  shijp-keo|jlnir»  to  th»  vemlhisf  t>t 
Iruse^  and  ribb*m^  and  doll^^  head^. 
Far.cy  tlie  sinewy  nrm  and  f^imug  hand 
of  a  tnun  dt? ploying  welis  of  gnuxy  tcx 
tur©  befi*te  lip«  ©yi>*«  of  latly  cti-t<jm«rs. — 
and  wtirso  yeU  ^vitli  '^'^iargd  bnim,"  iiip 
able  ol'  I  know  not  %rbut  ^"^  g^'noml^X4' 
li^»nsl,*'  dtMjuclinji  thtt  mnl  a  yurd,  **  bt*- 
cau.w  it  h  you  t'^ 

An  haur  n^^i^  I  dlfmi»icd  frotn  tny 
dtKjr  n  ((ijilwiin  youth*  (?quip|H>d  for  tisu 
bnitio  uf  lifti,  wirli  a  tfrnuO  tin  trunk  full 
of  variouj!  eokirud  l>ntton**  Fy  im  hnril 
h  not  the  iltxisou  yet  to  1*0  tunrjdluii  — 
ihd  K*>rth  l*ole  U^  boroat!hi?(l — thw  I'mn- 
do  railroad  and  Atlatiuc  l^jK-grapli  to  bi^ 
C4instrueteii — pcrjxjtnal  million  and  the 
quadraturo  cif  the  drcb  to  tw  arrivt^  at! 
If  tbe^  thtngii  aro  too  high  for  him,  let 
htm  cho{.k  wou<l,  become  the  ^^ohainb&r^ 
maid  of  cattliXf"  or  vindteata  hi«  growing 
lieard  in  sonit^  way*  *^  We  feel  it  to  bti 
our  duty"  to  warn  the  public  against  the 
dang eroua  example  of  thoo  p&dwtriaii 
■eltera  of  buttons  and  iewliig  »ilk.  To 
be  sure,  it  ia  a  very  banittm  thing  whc^n 
only  now  and  Uioq  an  unaexcd  mascu- 
line takes  i  Moy  to  m  ioudl  a  bii-4ii«», 
but  auppoat  any  oowltevll*  imnbif  ^T 
liien  sboold  ^makiB  ttmr  "  proptr  c{>li«ro^* 
to  engage  in  aaoh  pnmnitat  in  phort 
(for  our  roawQ  and  rhetoric  mmy  m  w«tt 
jump  at  once  to  tha  customary  climax), 
wa  vliould  not  hko  to  have  '"^onr  hut* 
bind'*  peddle  buttona,  and  tlitarefoni  it  i» 
unbecoming  for  any  man  to  do  ao^ 

Uan  have  invaided  the  province  of 
woman,  by  aasfuninf  the  exclusive  nui- 
Mfetnecil  o€  miblie  »kN)Ja  for  cliildrt^u, 
wbifwer  mh  iollddi  wdau  Now,  if 
th«r«  la  m  istii,  in  Ofl#  of  all  onr  fcilr 
^tat«9^  tluil  doai  aol  know  ih/tt  iljtr 
^muihr^  itpmM  bmineai  of  all  womya, 
At  all  aoea,  aiid  nnder  all  olronmsUnoiM, 
U  to  ti£o  cmrieol  eliildr«ft,  ^^  to  monhl  tilt 
rijing  £«uemti**o^''  to  truin  up  thv  futtire 
inc»n  of  the  Hepnblic  in  the  way  they 
ahonld  go,  that  man  inu.%t  be  rxtreiiieiy 
iirnuraaL  Of  oour»o  b«  diMsa  not  *'''  tt^a 
the  pftpam*"     But   women,  ttmi   llie 


308 


Thi  Proper  Spka^  of  Men. 


[8<spt 


mothers  of  the  cbildren,  are  sJiut  out  frnm 
all  Icgitimafco  inflaeno©  over  tUe  pablio 
s<?hool?**  We  ought  not  to  Babrnit  to 
lltb.  The  tieit  thing,  we  ©hall  tind  the 
nursery  itself  iuvaded^  and  men  will  take 
the  very  pap-spooix  and  bib  from  our 
handi*.  If  '*  the  meti^*  are  retdly  sincere 
when  they  say  thai  nor  especial  raiasion 
is  to  mould  the  charncrera  and  form  the 
minds  and  manners  of  the  youDg,  we  may 
hope  to  live  to  see  the  dawn  ot'  the  day 
when  their  ox-paced  ** judgment''  ihall 
slowly  bring  them  to  the  conclusion^ 
til  at,  if  woman  is  to  train  and  educate 
the  future  men  of  the  Republic,  it  13  ne- 
cessary fi>r  her  to  have  tJie  legal  and 
pecaniary  means  of  doing  ^Op  13ut  oar 
leminine  impulsu^eness  k  such  that  we 
cjm  hardly  refrain  frivm  g^adinj;  on  the 
deli  be  rat  ire  sex  a  little,  on  tliis  sul^ect. 

"  We  are  willing  that  a"  fimn  ^' should 
dabble  in  ink  and  wrlie  bonkij  so  long^  as 
his  doing  «o  does  not  involve  the*'  talf/s 
*^  comfort,"  hut  let  his  books  always  be 
ol"  the  liiaaculine  order— vigorons--ori- 
gii  nal— 1 1  u  morons — profon  nd ,  Dreams, 
and  fancies,  and  reverie.^,  though  heanti- 
t'ul  as  the  fringes  of  ihe  morning  cbud^ 
and  sparkling  m  tbo  early  dew,  arc  not 
for  hkn.  Shallowness  of  thought,  and 
inconseqriential  arguments  are  nn|iardon- 
fthle  in  rhe  Blrong-minded  f«x  We  can- 
not forgive  the  man  who  is  m  unwise  as 
ro  ofltr  to  the  reading  public,  weak  and 
wurtidcss  trash.  He  had  better  follow 
the  plough,  fltand  at  tbe  anvil^  or  even 
sit  and  lean  his  ^*  large  hrain"  agaiuat 
iho  wall,  like  poor  Mn  Jellybj, 

Weak-minded  men,  in  long  clothes, 
under  any  circumstances,  are  onr  aver- 
sion. We  cannot  tell  wby  it  is  so — but 
tlje  feeling  ari.^es  spontaneously*  80 
strong  is  this  feeling  tliat  we  cannot  con- 
template the  spectacle  of  a  man  ^^  ont  of 
his  sphere'*  even  in  imagination,  with- 
out experiencing  it  Who  haa  not  felt 
how  much  epic  grandeur  h  lojtt  to  the 
Iliad  by  that  unaceo  an  table  episode  of 
Ilector  and  Andromache?  Is  it  not  a 
warrior^s  business  to  tiglit  battlers  ?  Hec- 
tor laying  the  plumed  crest  on  tbe  groond 
while  "be  lakes  tlie  bahyT^  Hector 
pausing  in  his  CJireer  to  to$s  the  little  cry- 
ing thing  in  the  air,  and  talk  *'  baby  talk  " 
to  it!  What  an  absurd  scene!  What  a 
moment  of  weakness!  No  wonder,  when 
Hector  bo  far  forgot  hie  **pplieTe"  and 
hecomea  such  a  feminine  man,  that 
u  'f roy'fl  proud  walls^*  should  "  totter  to 
therrfaJir' 

My  neighbor,  a  husband  and  father,  otn- 
broider»m  Berlin  wool.    Uis  ottomans 


End  c bairn  are  eilremely  wqU  done  for 
ma^seuhne  6ngerv«,  hut  were  he  to  hecome 
sensible  of  the  fact  that  he  haa  lo^t  all 
his  *' charms"  in  our  eyes,  and  tJiat  "  we 
shonld  not  like  to  have  onr^*  hu*^band 
**doso,"  dtmbiieas  ho  would  give  «[» 
worsted  work  at  once,  and  fill  up  hi*^  lei- 
sure moments  with  the  more  maidy 
ftmwsementi^  of  whittling  sUekis,  smoking 
cigars,  gyrating  on  one  leg  of  hin  chair, 
or  hanging  from  the  mantd-pieee  by  In^ 
pedal  extremities. 

My  friend  R ,  a  disUngnished  be- 

tanist,  has  found  a  new  kind  of  violet— a 
red  violet  I  He  is  in  rajitnresi.  Ula 
"broad  chest"  eat  pan  ds  with  ddigbt^ 
\m  **  arterial  '*  circulation  is  quickviied — 
a  «oft  glow  of  plenaiire  hghts  n|»  and 
bean  titles  his  ma&aive,  craggy  ferituriSi, 
lilce  snuligbt  on  a  rock.  It  will  dn  nu 
harm  as  long  as  it  is  only  our  eccentrif 
frieud  ;  hut  suppose  the  niasenline  >vorld 
at  large  sliould  i]uit  their  "sT»!tnv/'  tmd 
rush  10  the  woods^ — not  to  1.  nd 

haul  higs,  hut  to  pick  violets  ir*- 

their  velvet  petals  I  We  shrink  iroio  the 
contemplation  of  Buoh  a  poii^ibilityI  Jt 
tlie  men  tak©  to  hunting  violet.;*,  t'le 
women  of  course  will  have  to  cut  timber, 
and  shoot  partridges,  and  hunt  gfinii  reJ#. 
My  friend  mobt  be  es^borted  tu  aupprc^ 
his  dangerous  example, 

Thfngs  and  persona  do  become  very 
mucb  jostled  and  out  of  place  fiotnetimea. 
One  of  the  ^^  emancipated  "^ — ^no  of  thoiso 
women  wh(i  have  very  properly  been 
termed  itrong-minded — but  one  whoic 
fragile  delicacy  of  body  is  so  extreme 
that  it  migbt  satisfy  the  mo^  ardent 
admirer  of  female  weakness  and  help- 
les^nes-s  was  rusticating  in  eome  coutitry 
place.  Dnring  a  gohtary  ramhk  iIlc 
happened  to  find  herself  in  a  field  with  a 
herd  uf  "  moderately  excited  "  cattle-  A 
fiery  bnll  began  to  approach  her,  evi- 
dently with  exceed Togly  **  hostile  inten- 
tions?' I  do  not  know  whetht?r  '*ii 
§mall  boy^"*  was  in  sight  or  nta.  But 
very  nmch  at  variance  with  what  Mr. 
Somebody  has  ingeriiuutily  sDppo?%;d  a 
*^  Btrong-minded  "  Itidy  would  do  in  &ucii 
circnmstances,  she  fked  her  vyt.**  on  thti 
glaring  orbs  of  the  enraged  animal,  and 
commenoed  a  backward  retreat  to  the 
nearest  fence.  What  a  pity  it  h  that 
those  two  peraoni  could  not  Jiave  clmti* 
ged  places.  The  ^^'broad-cbt^ti^d  and 
large-brained  **  man  ehould  have  h^trked 
the  bnll  ont  of  countenance,  iind  th-*  ludy 
gnthered  red  vitdets,  "ci* 

dent  (^  i  DHlead  of  being  ;  M 

have  been  pro|*cf,     Ihc   \nuu   unii  the 


tl»l.] 


The  I*rOpet 


tMcfL 


I 


i  would  Uavo  hatm  eioft  m  tlietr 
iikI  we  »lioat«i  not  ifn  dhiri^ii  ta 
iiii9  of  two  Hbt^ufil  ili(K*ri<i§^ — 
^  that  ttio  e^^entioi  ekmcota  of 
MUQr^  lire  the  Mma  In  Xmih 
tlt&t  it  ifOm«^tLme!i  ImpiH^tH 
tltu  tike  mu.  uf  tlii;i  he^uI  doif^  not  cx>iTe.H^ 
fgmd  ta  ib«t  of  tliC  body. 

V(4B6ii  «r«  i^uernlJy  tbcmght  tu  bo 
mufn  mwet^^im  to  r«1l^'iou^  iiiriueiie^ 
ikui  8IMU  B««y«t  thcnr  natural  mpv* 
tiatitf  in  ihli  nw^iectf  tliey  onjfiy  all 
tibtcr  live*  the  |>riviJi?|^y  c*f  b^rirmg  tho 
tttrTtatioTi*  of  tliul  !*ej£,  wliu  profi^AS  ti> 
Wi  inotl  to  ri'ligi-tn  Vnii\  theuj- 

•ri  7  flft?  told   that  relij^liiu   h 

mtL  .  rdior  EAturo  ntid 

fr'«»^    '  I  ey  *i  w\*  An  obi iga^ 

tiiM  ti'  '        iii^j  tUoir 

«t  U»  .  rj — and 

Oil  Mi|i^brt  nmUr  trtnL*.  We  iDak«  onus 
m^rn^  «itfftet»  from  a  little  b*>ok  IhtjuXy 
piUMid  bjF  OHO  of  our  best  «nd  most 

•»  Wlita  tbe  word  wife  i*  Crst  Bpoken, 
wmmm''^  |NN>Ilioti  in  tbd  wurld  k  rniu* 
ihiUi/  ebctiged.  8ho  ha^  pbic^d  her 
la^acai  In  tho  kec^pin^  [jf  :iTiotht*r,  awi 

fm  fti§d  or  t  ekfirti^' 

A#r Aawrfy/'  •    •    •  **  Evap  whojv  ti>aii 

bf  virfoidplv,  oomrj^lu  hvr  to 

ionlt  And  msfftting.  8ho  i . .  <  > .  i  ^  u « U  t  o 
libi  iiifTc»«r  limiu  t}(  hum(^.  and  h  tlivm 
Dt  l4i  t>«tuLineL\  mi^r,  -I'l  iMLtva- 
t  demtnd-i,  nod  evi^h  ■  it* 

,  frvm  Till' a  u3k»  isr*'  .;;h 


» 


» 


►. 


i>iiini!.ti  tfi  I 


«wi,  yoa  BMVfi#i^  d)*i^r4'*r  wnd  w«t*n- 


MriiMir 

^«iMfiifi4  1^,  ....... 

*««!«  r»i»1r|iig  Min  witli  I 

«tpiid  witil  a  riij-H*,   or  a  1 

W  Idflu^  •vi)  by 

••w-sflriif  mr 

*:;  ifiek^df  tbe 

ULA.^  4i#«A{H»  UiKa  betf  And  In 


tMstivo  pursiilia  of  iodiistry,  or  tlje  gay 
eompatjioijijhip  of  the  wurld,  find  panlflJ 
rt^li**r.  Btit  for  her  there  is  no  retreat, 
mi  escajie :  niiy,  tbe  very  ni»blones*  oi 
her  tidttire,  and  the  dbrntere^t^dncM  at 
hi^r  atfl^ctions,  aotneiiin&«  prevent  hti 
irtjfn  i^cci*pttng  deliverance^  if  ottVred : 
and  tbrongh  the  h>nj(  dreary  ikr»  wiih 
periurering  cnr^  nnd  dt'crea^ing  meaii^ 
sb0  is  t'fHTin^lLMl  to  kbtir,  in  mnQ\t  ot 
heart,  iii  Aon  of  soul,  untd  the 

dofing    h  .    LMg  back   lh«    eiiffer- 

iiig'/'  ♦  ♦  j».  '""11  woman  understimdii 
Jjcr  own  t)atur«^  or  hor  own  interests, 
she  w til  be  f«ligioufl  li«r!>t*lf,  and  do  nil 
she  can  to  {tTomoUy  religion." 

That  13  to  i&y,  there  is  but  one  aoiirri; 
of  earthly  bappioeis  for  woman — t?iic 
single  iejterest — tliat  of  dointatio  U10. 
1  o  foster  any  taatet  not  in  the  ujatri- 
laonial  dlrtKition;  to  ae<]nire  pecimiary 
i ride pende nee;  tu  »t:vk  for  gratifit-atiou 
from  the  study  of  nam  re,  ur  liiiit<>ry,  or 
philosophy,  or  art ;  none  of  the^«  things 
are  ©speotcd  of  wonnui»  II«r  basincss 
U  to  get  well  married.  If  she  fail  in 
liiia — and  there  b  terrible  danjjjer,  not 
BO  much  of  not  getting  mjirrS^d  tit  oll^  as 
ol^  marrying  a  bml  man — all  is  hist. 
Woman  ought  to  ba  a  friend  tt*  rcilgiou, 
to  diminisli  the  tshaaeo^  of  kj  unlmppj  a 
lot^  01!*  itvell  AA  to  support  her  uuikr  Iti 
tiials* 

It  u  plain  that  these  consl derations  do 
not  apply  with  (?(}ual  force  to  nten«  I 
do  not  Know  that  1  fvor  heard  *ff  a  maii'^ 
being  exhorted  to  bec^ome  rifligiiin^  in 
order  to  cnnsole  biin  for  having  inail<i  a 
bad  niaU'li  t  Ai  roHgiou  huvlj^truH- 
art^  binding  on  \iwn  ;  an  It  \^  nut  piimt* 
Imrlu  necessary  to  them;  a4  it  lA^iot 
espeetati^  adapted  la  tbeSr  oharact^r- 
ifttic4 ;  OS  they  may,  in  gobq  of  domestiq 
tinbappinesi,  eaeajje  t«i  tho  clnb-room 
: 1 : 1 : !  T :  I  v  o  rij ,  Wo  may  argue  (fol  lo  ^  i  n j;  mi  t 
ijtik'l- J  ilmt  tliey  ut^ed  not  concern  them 
M3lvei»  about  »t  at  all.  Tl»er  Hhniihl  leavi^ 
that  to  th<*  wonit^n.  **  I«  tb(*rn  a  jhjw  to 
he  hired  la  V'  '  ■  -  ^  ib^jard 
onu  tnan  askin  i'i  like 

'     Vtrtfooe;   1  1  aitc'iia  ohuroll 

•tf,  but  j  i^  a  pew  for  mj 

■i"'[  '■-!,,      .  ,*,a  another,  wboOt 
risbeM  iu  A  new  yhat^  be 

id«r»tood  that  my  ui/t  i«  e^^Aa- 

r/'  Added  hts^  Alylyt  ^*'  vbo  li  uoi 

a  whit  mnro  to  tlian  you  and  1  arvv ' 

HtTvcrnl   year?  ftgr*  the*  now^jciprr^  Jn- 


UaI  CkurcU.     lUc  vuva  v^txv^  VW 


JlMMHiifei 


^ 


810 


The  Cock-FiakL 


[Sept 


of  the  papers,  with  other  deetioDeeritig 
cftpitnl,  and  no  donbt  liad  it?*  effect. 
Stidh  men  m  these  i^Tiderstatid  the  thmg. 
In  case  «f  any  peril  in  a  future  life,  limj 
no  doubt  expect  Ut  e»ca|ie  oit  the  sbotil 
derB  of  thdr  wives,  a^  did  iUq  men  of  a 
certain  boslcged  city,  meniioned  by  Ad* 
fljgon, — the  city  i>eing  abimt  to  be  re- 
duced 111  a^^bcss  liT  the  be^ie^ers,  and  the 
women  being  mercifully  allowed  t^;  escape 
with  w  ha  I  ever  they  could  carry  oC  That 
men  sbouid  monopolize  the  clerical  office 
M  tbey  have  so  long  done,  h  quite  an- 
Ofttural,  Greeds  and  fljtitems  thej  may 
form^  since  they  possess  a  high  degree  of 
invention.  Theology  tbey  may  investi- 
gate, ti^  a  %cim€t;  but  the  pai^^toral  duties^ 
in  general,  are  ytry  unma»culine.  See 
how  gentle  and  feminine  clergy raen  be* 
oome^  and  how  public  opinion  narrow  a 
their  ^'sphere,"  and  diafrfltichises  them, 
even  where  ttie  law  does  not  ? 

Before  lajiDg  a^de  our  inexperienced 
**  female  pen,'*  we  venture  to  add  one  or 
two  hints  on  ptjinta  of  mifior  cons^ 
rjuenoo.  Gentle  tnen,  in  therr  ifiterconrse 
with  ladieSf  should  adapt  their  eon  verna- 
tion as  far  m  possible  to  our  narrow 
range  of  iriterest*.  Religion,  for  various 
reasons,  had  better  in  most  co^es  be 
omitted.  The  weather,  the  health  of  the 
husband  and  family,  and  the  dentiouhir 
develop ujeiit  of  the  baby,  are  safe  sub* 


jecta;  wheretfif^,  if  higher  topioiara  touch- 
ed upon,  there  is  always  some  danger  of 
not  being  underistood*  GoutJemen  fimnld 
ai»<>  rifjiiember  that  matrimony  b«in|^  in 
our  caiecliism  the  ""^  chief  end'*  of  wonJan, 
it  u  not  to  bo  supy»osed  that  we  ever  h 
quite  1o^  eight  of  it.  If,  tliereforen,  a  ■ 
3  vmni*  lady  shows  an^  interest  in  an  uii-  ■ 
married  gentleman,  or  appears  to  lake 
pltjasure  in  his  sociaty,  be  is  at  once  to 
C!  include  that  she  baa  designs  Qptm  him ; 
if  a  middle  aged  or  eldariy  lady  manifests 
a  hospitable  or  friendly  dip  posit  ion  to- 
wards any  marriageable  man,  be  ?-tire 
that  she  baa  a  daughter,  a  niece,  or  pro- 
ii'{£k  of  some  sort  behind  the  curliiin,  who 
will  he  brought  into  the  drama  at  tlie 
proper  time,  I^t  a  gentleniati,  in  ^\mx\^ 
whenever  be  receives  friendly  attentions 
from  womankind,  no  matter  of  what  age 
or  nnder  what  drcumalances,  look  ont 
fur  man-traps,  A\m\  in  jndgiiig  of 
women,  let  liim  use  always  one  stHndard. 
Let  bii  Ideal  woman  be  such  &  oqg  as  h« 
would  like,  or  might  like  to  have  for  a 
wife,  for  what  higkrr  dfsttnp  is  it  possi- 
ble for  him  to  conceive  pf  for  any 
woman  f 

"  Qh !  vad  tome  poirer  iiu  fUUe  gle  Vr& 
To  >fl«  Uicniiei'  nt  otti^rt  •««  -em  V* 

Ootuanifer#,  Centre  VlMftfie,  I 


THE    CO  C  K'F  I  GH  T, 


IK  Kejclco^  Wit  la  tm  variety  of  sport 
that  praduoei  a  more  general  excite* 
ment  than  the  cock-fight.  It  is  not  con- 
fined, as  might  be  supposed,  to  any  par- 
ticular class  of  pcr:?on^.  Between  the 
geueralissinao  of  the  army  and  the  rawest 
recrnit— the  President  of  the  Repuhlio 
and  the  humblest  bind — tlie  archbishop 
of  the  Chnrch  and  the  meekest  member, 
there  is  no  ditferonco.  In  the  amphithea- 
tre, side  byside,  stand  the  priest  and  the 
peasant,  the  him  tor  and  tlie  herdsman, 
the  shopman  and  the  poldier.  In  juxta- 
poiitidon  may  Ke  seen  the  old  man,  wboio 
dangling  locks  are  white  as  the  polai 
snows  'j  the  slender  youth,  whose  hmb* 
are  fllowly  rounding  Into  manhood,  and 
the  truant  boy,  scarce  old  enough  to  Usp 
his  8pani^h  name.  It  is  commoti  to 
©very  caste  tind  condition — to  every  age 


and  vocation ;  and  even  women  are 
6i>nietimes  the  willing  observants  of  Lhis 
barbarous  sport. 

The  excitement  of  the  ooek-fiKbt  dif- 
fera,  in  same  respects,  from  all  other 
kinds  of  8trlfe.  To  the  oourso,  a  man 
carries  his  prejodices  and  his  prefer^ncea. 
The  name  or  reputation  of  the  horse; 
the  favor  or  frieodsbip  of  U>e  owner; 
or,  if  unac^paintAid  with  either,  the  gaii 
and  color  of  the  former,  t^' *  n.^tv,^ r,,i-...t|y 
influence  bis  wafers,     |t  d 

enlisted,  he  ahHTi<1j^ii-<  111  1  ,-,.,;.»© 

of  Miico€*^,      r  V  tbo  swift 

steed,  in  bis  ci  .  ti^  long  as 

he  leads  the  race^  with  ■   plca- 

fiiire  that  h  wbidly  ind^  - ;   ami 

if  be  falls  behind,  the  gl*ji*iii  of  di?ttp* 
pointment  Uowly  settles  upon  his  coun- 
tenance, and  hia  tips  ictgUnottvelj  ooxn* 


lUi.} 


Th§   CockFisfhL 


I 


wm  to   tHK^or   the   swdltng    rs^ 

Bet,  io  elUier  case,  hu  In  ^Idom  tin- 
tor  th«  reatjlt.  The  atHfe  is 
work  c»r  tt  moment.  Ther«  is 
•IfrUfi  Alit{>Ie  time  U>  imU}  the  more* 
own  of  mkh  hnr»e,  i.^ >  riMuark  up^in  Kh 
jtgA  And  botiom,  and  to  c4ilculHto 
mm  dttaeei  of  a  protperoiii  t^nninii- 

» It  k  with  tho  bull-fiirbt.     An* 

beftinfhaad,  iiikI  fiir  muny  dayd 

fli<ftii<*  ol  c-inuiTi'fttiim,  the 

laity  ftr#  ^jled  witli  iint]aii>Aik>n, 

ied  carefully  ex.imined  their  re- 
f#  powers,  not  if  %  the  cm* 

tor«  tti*  lioniPt  th^  1 1  o*  bIth  n  ^t  h 

id  thm  cioe,  And  the  vy  -.  im    no^i*,  the 
llbo  height,  Uw  limbs  ^^nd  tho 
of  the  others ;   and  ih^y  eoter 
sTlke  tkfniliar  wkfi  thl^  quulU 
of  boll  and  glodiatorft. 
Tba  fonii«r  fttttocU  m  the  mfd^t  of  tho 
hlf  h^aA  i»d  tfti)  elevwUH]^  hh  nm- 
4lil«fidefl,  and  hi>«  i^laririf!:  vye%  liko 
lilla<lC§r«-— the  breM  hmu  \>*fTMm  \  li  i^jitl  on 
«f  «(oiiklimt*&t,  Prestn  tl v  lb©  bttet  i?n- 
far  tlirfHiiipli  wrck^Ui,  mtiiif  the  di«tifi*ninj| 
cif  tbt  o verlo<»k  I  ni:  m  *i !  m  «  d  c ,  am 
the  oxcitvd  hisist  in  (fjipOHite 
Ife  laok»  At  «iT}o  ^nd  then  iit 
'i  anil  for  n  moment  n^miunfl  un- 
;  bnt  (Ji«  waving  of  a  r^d  ti^arf 
him,  und  he  d&rtd  toward  bi« 
;  witli  If''    -.->'-  -j^  of  the  wind. 
Adaxteroiii  r  iif  lib  person, 

eovar  ot  l...  .....  the  g]julmt4>r 

MHpOi  tlia  ODMt,  und  plnnges  Im  kaif<^ 
Im  Ittio  th*  body  of  the  An^^ry  beit^t, 
vwcb,  nilli  a  rftgp  j^rcaily  increjist^d  by 
Am  iBiAit  of  the  wouiul^  tuni>i  tit>(.m  hhi 

Bat  U^  |ktrohanrc^  the  ^c<md  litcmpl 
li  mora  fOeecMful,  and  tjio  gladiatur  » 
Htvad  to  th0  ^wtb,  tds  canirtidc^  ioilaat- 
IjfMm  to  Ilk  r«lbf ;  and  thaiigb  the  hom 
if  tlMi  Ml  may  tomh  the  br^ofit  of  iha 
» tuiia^  the  ■li^hieAt  nohvi  beldad 
,  f  4if«ru  hi»  a  tt«n i  km .  A  nd  tfaoi 
ll^iCrlAi  0oiitiiincii^  tintil  Uio  gUdiatont, 
Mlaad  and  txunfrkHi,  tij  from  the  field, 
w  tlia  ball,  faint  frutu  tbe  Iobm  of  bhioci, 
lUi  down  in  doath  at  tiie  fu«t  of  hl§ 

rttot  Vifip  dLfferest  h  the  ^xdtfsinaDt 

>p1t,  whcrr*  nil  k*'-,  the  bettor 

:,xli' 

I-  a,  it 

!•  oakikown  tii.ii  in  liic  t:4.u:lci"*  ib<sni- 

lat'^,  Mimt  bifda  wHl  bt»  |>itud*     From 

•  latfv  oomberf  always  oi |>oa«d  for  aal^ 


MOflMia^, 

Bf  Adaxi 


on  iooli  oQoatttoD^  tbo  princitml  bettor^i 

S4^1e€t(  ejiehf  one^  and  phice  llitim  in  the 
hands  of  the  gumeket^iier^  fur  prei>arii 
tion. 

Tbe^^e  birdft,  bavLng  been  nomo  Umo 
previucu  k*erert  of  the  weapons  natnre 
desired  for  their  defence,  ar«  now  f*tr- 
niiJied  with  ipiUe^  or  arti filial  wpori, 
t^mh  of  wiii^^b  ba  polkbed  steel  hioide, 
abtiui  three  inehes  in  length,  hulf  nn  inch 
w*ide  lit  the  base,  curved  sligliUy  iir*ward| 
atiflpp  (it  the  iNiint  and  on  the  upper 
edgre,  and  tlrnjly  faat«ui»d  l<3  the  le^  by 
inemi9  of  a  <  bwp. 

Tbns  anned  and  rently  frtr  tho  figlit, 
they  are  carried  nbont  tbe  pit  by  the 
gamekeej^^S  ^^'^^  ^><^b^  them  aiott  for 
tie  obaervation  of  tlie  »peeiii!or».  It  b 
during  tbis  exhibition  tinit  tlie  »ide-beti 
are  made,  and  tlm  fight  b  not  oom- 
menced  nntd  the  coul^ijiion  tliereupya 
consequent  haa  entirely  eub«id«di 

In  gi<neruU  the  oock^  m  hr  diier  froto 
each  other  in  Ktite  of  body,  oolyf  of 
plnmage,  or  kngib  of  taJl,  ai»*to  boeftilly 
dbtingubhed.  HotnetimeJi|  buwever, 
there  is*  no  pereeptihle  differunc©  b«yond 
that  alibrdeil  by  tbe  help  of  the  knife, 
by  wliich  one  ha*  t>«eo  prevjausly  di- 
vested of  hiflomb  and  jifilU;  and  eom^- 
ttme!^  when  neitJief  or  both  have  been 
£»ul>jected  to  tho  cutting  proeeas,  it  ba^ 
corn  eel  n#oe«ai^,  49  a  divtinetion,  to  «o- 
cmnber  tbe  leg  of  one  witb  a  bit  of 
white  ch)th,  the  diaadvantftgo  to  bo  di^ 
termitied  by  lot. 

As  the  ftnginal  betttirs,  nnder  the  di- 
rection of  the  gamekeeper^  n&nally  Mileei 
the  flnoit  cocki  ui  tbe  market,  tjaipablo 
jn«q9aliU«i  tfo  fery  unfr^neiit,  aiid 
wagers  abnoat  nmrerBal.  Indeed^  ao 
atroog  n  tlie  ipimbling  propenaiiy  ainoog 
tba  poople,  i\M  thera  ia  aeamlf  ooi 
who  do^  not  avail  iumaalf  of  tbe  oppor* 
tnnity  tc»  waiter  aotoethbg  on  tljo  isatie 
of  the  combat. 

When  all  the  beta  are  taken,  and  tbe 
erowd  bai  become  thoroughly  settled, 
tben  begins  Uie  bfiatbkai  axoiteniacit 
paeoliAr  to  this  ipt«iii  of  aporu  tbe 
gamckecf  "  ""vnnoa  toward  the  oetitfo 
of  tbe  ^  Ltbin  a  pace  or  two  ni 

<»aoliott4L^   UieyFokaao  tbe  oocka 

aodratire* 

Tlicae  wjirlike  blrdu,  oftanthiiai  before 
tbetr  fact  bave  touebcd  Uie  earth,  ily 
upon  aaeh  other  wiLfi  a  vioienee  tbat^  in 
thu  rokHiund,  brings  tlieni  b«>tb  ujjon 
tb«ir  backji.  Uut»  ha  iotm  a*  they  bat  e 
reo>v«irt!tli  tfiey  tv>new  tlit  ofudaugiit,  and 
iluM'  fharp  hlwehing  ttfokaa  follow  each 
oijior   in    i^nlck    wipoawioii,    ontU    tbt 


Th4i  Vock-Fi^hL 


[S**pt, 


contest  h  terraiaaied  by  disability  or 

♦  ♦  •  •  ♦ 

Tlje  incident  1  am  about  to  relate  oc- 
carred  in  the  fitj  of  Salrilla.  It  w^ 
nbout  iimo  o'clock  in  ilie  morning  of  Uie 
iipst  Snndav  of  May,  of  the  year  eigbteen 
liiiiidrcd  lyid  Joitj-sevtin,  lieutenant 
OordtsU  and  myself  were  t»n  our  way  to 
the  eatbedrAl  Aa  we  passed  tho  bead 
of  one  of  the  narrow  crc«3*atreets,  oiir 
i*tl<jfili^>n  wii:4  ftttract4»d  by  a  kr^e  crowd 
in  front  of  a  two-storied  building,  the 
lowor  part  of  which  was  used  fur  &  grog- 
nJiop. 

At  that  day,  a  gathering  in  any  pub- 
lie  place  always  iridieated  n-dmethin^  of 
an  exciting  cliaractcr ;  usually  a  dgrhr  or 
a  fandango,  both  of  wliicb  w^ere  of  a  I* 
most  d ally  occu rren ce.  1  ha  fori n er  m h jre 
frequently  ljap[»eaed  in  the  sU-eets,  and 
the  iatter  in  the  bouses;  but  sometimes 
this  order  was  reversed*  But  whateviar 
occasioned  the  throng,  om  loni^  as  ttie  ex- 
citement conlinoed,  the  number  in- 
creased^ every  pasaer  aiopping  to  inquire 
fhe  cause. 

As  our  atteii dance  at  the  cathedra! 
was  prompted  by  coriosity  rather  than 
devotion,  we  quickly  turned  aside  and 
j  oi  ned  the  cro  w  d ,  Una  nearer  app  roach, 
wo  observed  Guy  IVinthrop,  llie  poet  of 
our  n^giment,  vigorously  elhowiti;^  his 
way  toward  a  narrow  wicket  in  the  wall. 
As  a  lyrist^  he  bad  fio  superior  in  the 
army  I  save  Captain  Pike^  wlio  wrote  the 
'"^ Battle  of  Buena  Vlsta^"  at  which  tho 
Arkansas  cavalry  were  present  when  the 
%ht  cooiTuenced.  But,  with  all  his  ly- 
rical talents,  he  had  a  keen  relish  for  tJie 
ludicrous,  aud  wa-a  a  gnmi  lover  of  ex- 
citement and  fun;  and  he  managed  to 
find  out  nearly  every  nmnseuient,  yet 
was  seldom  seen  at  an  inditterent  exhihi- 
tion.  Thus  encouraged,  we  also  directed 
our  effbrtfl  to  the  point  mentioned,  and, 
by  dint  of  hard  crowding  and  the  eat* 
}>onditttre  of  a  brace  of  picayanrs^  at 
length  gained  admittance. 

On  j>a^iiig  the  wicket,  we  found  our* 
selves  in  a  narrow  win  ding  passage,  that 
led  to  the  back  inclosure,  In  the  centre 
cif  which  stood  an  anipiiitl^eatre  :  a  cir- 
cular buildiug  about  tliirty-eight  or  forty 
foet  in  diameter.  The  wall^  not  li^s 
tlian  tiflet^n  feet  higli,  were  built  of 
brinks  and  mortar,  and  carefully  plaster- 
ed, on  both  Hdes^  with  a  hard  cement. 
Five  rows  vf  seaL^,  one  n.^iog  above  an- 
ot^  st^  completely  surrounded  the  ia§ide 
of  the  edtlic^. 

Long  hi^lore  our  arrival,  ©very  feat  ■was 


oo&apied,  and  all  the  space  int^rveiuog 
betw-een  them  and  the  pit  wa>4  den^^ily 
crowded  witli  bystander:*.  By^llie  as* 
sistance  of  an  old  friend,  wlio'roujom- 
bered  a  triHiug  service  rendered  some 
time  previous  by  my  companion,  w« 
obtained  permi&jiion  to  sit  upon  the  top 
of  the  wall,  whtsnce  we  could  observe 
ail  that  transpired  btlow  wiUi  ^niir« 
eaiisfaeiion. 

In  the  pit,  which  was  formed  of  a  wall 
about  tiiree  fet^t  high,  and  sixty  in  cir- 
cutnferenoe,  were  not  less  than  half  a 
hundred  b^iys,  each  with  a  cock  und^r 
his  nrrup  Great  rivalry  prevailed  amottg 
them,  and  they  hurried  from  piac^u  Uj 
place,  uting  every  means  in  ^eir  povier 
to  attract   attention   and   secure    pur- 

There  was  an  abundant  opportunity 
for  choice  among  the  cocks^  which  wer<* 
of  almost  every  shade  and  variety  4>f 
color,  from  the  hlatikness  oC  soot  ti>  ihu 
wbiieuess  of  snow ;  ia  addition  to  which, 
some  were  not  Uggor  tlian  a  womim's 
§-^1^  and  8<;ime  were  as  large  as  a  man's 
head;  while  the  prices  ranged  from  a 
rial  to  a  dollar. 

A  Mexican  dandy  was  endeavoring  lo 
draw  a  wager  from  a  Bui!er*s  clerk. 
They  appeared  to  have  diflicnhy  in  ri?- 
conciling  some  trifling  difference*  Their 
conversation  was  only  audible  ti>  tliem- 
ielves  and  those  in  their  imrn  .'  '  i- 
cinityj  but  it  ivas  evident,  i. 
excited  manner,  that  there  waa  i-ui  i^mc 
likelihood  of  an  ugreeineDL 

In  the  midst  of  their  quarrel^  which 
might  have  led  to  aometbing  more  teri* 
oustbao  words,  the  corpnlent  nL'ui\:  uf 

Brigadier  General  M &nd?! 

encd  the  entninc^,  and  his 
voice  filled  the  am]ihitheatre.  lo  a  utu* 
ment  all  eyc<j  were  turned  upon  the  new- 
comer, OS  he  pushed  forward  towards  tlic 
pit^  c^ing  upon  the  vend  era  to  exhibit 
their  cocl^. 

The  crowd,  nnticcnstomcd  to  sucti  an 
august  presence,  instiocUvely  '  *  ^ 
on  either  hand,  atfording  tlio  *  ■ 

opportunity  to  pass  thro i^^^ 
where  a  mometit  before  :  ' 

have  forced  his  way  at  i,..  .-  -  -^  -^^ 
bones. 

The  general  was  dosely  follow^ tjd  by  a 
Ciithfdic  priest,  clad  in  a  suit  of  grey 
bnmdeloth^  worn  quite  thri'iiflbnrc. 
Over  his  shoulders  lonely  buii ;  f 

which  had  once  been  very  viv  -l 

tnoet  probably  as  beaittifid.     <  ■  - 

was  a  red  tlannei  skull-cap,  fi 
ornamented  witli   black  velvet,  ikud  m 


ISM.j 


Tkt  Coek-Fi^hL 


At  diJjUl  of  the  Ajuenoao  ofiiot«r,  al] 

eick*  AtiufU  »a(l  c:kii 

innaltft  of  bedSait).  1  ...  j 

of  liii  gvii^  and  iti  uf  «v<:ry 

vrjr  citi«  At  tho  ti>p  lit  liM  voic<^. 
[  Tb^rv  WW  Romrtljiru'  '(jIh  ri»tis  in  tlie 


*  .   u-t^  iLiuu^ed^  but 

L  out  liim,  iijj4  hhout- 

tiPHli.  At  Kn:^;:i  ;jc  bccaiuo  tiiijt^Uofit, 
aai  iJbttii  tuiligimnl. 

li  S  l^wmmf  vol IX!,  act  untpatjii.i]  try 
m  V^rj  wxire  4jf  hi 4  i^reni  La  ImncU 
Thm  voim  w«re  utti*r«t!  iii  Kni^jijih,  and 
dol/  taid«rttoo4  by  the  iiiu<r|ircH<^r  at  ilm 
fflMt^f  dl>ow ;  but  Ui«  ge^^tiiri*  bad  a. 
8IA  SpABiah  jiigmticjmct%  and  opcrntetl 

noMHtaretft  iTm^  r'riTnuiand<»r  rullrcd 
iiilhoefl^  comp<  I  by  hU  rndi^- 

ml  mmmff.     i  ^^*p'i  f*»Ki  that 

4rorre  .  ^,  their  pimsci 

wir»  .  -d  by  A  fresh 

ivtm,  ill  ou u  n  g  o  ^  >_  i  >  j  <  ^  >  i  ^  1  t^r  Umti  1 1  let  r 
hH-^VtMJitM  fiilkiwri.  TbiH  wa^t  too 
liodb  Ibr  •n^umtioe ;  *'  -  ■■  mVa  anger 
wa«  tiuyfoughljr  arou  i^  lurDi-d 

ibtfQi  alyruptlf  atid  a«iu.  c-r.^..  iij«ft  \mcM. 

"'Falliar  Ambroi«r*  tiid  h«<^  in  a  f«* 


ivfnlra*  fr 

l«0ii,or  11 

^■|ifio  au. 

Hik«  thcsii 

ImmttdlAi 

Ca&d  «u«rc4  a  h 
boji»  d«ro»tly 
vHUntw  to  tbi 
BmUMjr  raitiDi 
Iii  0unakot|)ej^ 
ftMi  tobafttatcd. 
Wliaii  all  tta/1 


«m»aiiitaatnn; 


HkV  I  n  ^  II 


finlling  ft 

ufMl  si- 
"'   tbt!i 

'■-l^,  and 

1   IfUfin- 

^  all 

L'lc  pit, 
d  one  of 

.  fbu  ill- 
'ji:  dimdj^ 
u  W{a#  tn 
I  tbiit  al- 

.    will  of 

-  to    tho    rrtjwdftd 
'    Lbd 

rail 

hjii^  Willi  uiiijiai  Dt>  was 


»U|;btly  ncquainted,  and  h#  i(nmt)dUl«lj 
siiimrrjofjed  iiiiii  tii  hii  1  f«* 

talned  my  ttvAt^  &.<«  it  n: :  .   «itoo]- 

'     '      I  n in umry  for  oIim- r^  .i . . ■  ■  . 

: tenant."'*  Hiid  ibis  l^  m  ■  li.  ox- 
.^.M  ..,N^  bN  h;uid  m  a  frieiidlv  jiumuer, 
**J  anj  exct^ediiiirJy  ghid  to  tiw^t  yotj,  fur 
Vvc  ht'iHi  pkyirm  immtu  with  tli?iL  obi 
groy  fiiar,  until  Vn\  peuniksu.  I  ^unl 
tc>  borrttw  titty  (bilbirb  to  btt  on  a  vmik- 
tight,  for  I*in  hmtud  to  win  iny  m**ntfy 
bark  or  eiink  my  onmiiiis*%ion/* 

**GeiR^rttl/'  imd  my  frivnd,  wbijtb'ar- 
ly  perci'ived  hln  condition  and  vinsljctl  u* 
prciervti  biru  trom  tlio  knavi*ry  of  th*? 
pri«*sr,  **  it  Wijuid  titrord  ine  much  |tb«- 
snre,  but  it  h  (jnito  out  of  my  p<»W(ji%  I 
havi^  not  got  abnvo  a  Anirth  of  tbiit  »ntn 
in  my  (KJasc^sionJ* 

'*  Wolbpvo  rnc  wbsit  you  liavt,^'  »*aid 
tho  bi igaiiief^  ''and  tiorrow  Xh\i  bubincic 
from  your  cbtmi/'  nUu4in(5  to  itiys«lf, 
*'(*r  from  Miniu  of  Ihosy  Yi*bnilci?r*,'* 
p<iinttng  t*t  Ai^Tuuji  of  Kcrunt'ky  *  uv»1ry, 
^vlio  occiipicd  mutB  on  the  Mppuftiu?  4d« 
of  the  aftjpbUhealr^*. 

My  friond,  Ml  an^iou^  to  ihwnrt  iht 
crafiy  old  ciinicb»iian,  inUTpo:jo<l  &ov*'ral 
ohjcction^,  but  the  determination  ot*  th* 
g«ji(jpa!  bor^J  down  ali  OJ*JM>^ilion.  Tba 
reuni  rvd  Mum  wm  rai»L4  without  diHi- 
€iiiiy,  and  with  a  similar  AniotJtit  frotii 
tho  pni^.^  mC  the  priest,  deinuiiied  in  tin* 
bnndii  ot'  the  ^takvhtildcr.  Afier  whidi 
tho  gvnerul  retired  to  a  ^nt,  iti  a  »maU 
balcony  alxivu  tbi?  entrain  1%  u*"iudly  r** 
M^rvM  tor  tbi>  prineipnl  betto!^^  liavittg 
the  matter  entirely  iu  thi»  handji  of  mjr 
frit*tnb 

From  thifl  moment  the  rascality  of  tlu* 
pp^t  wa^H  mfinifcflt  in  every  tratu-uaion. 
Thvr  cock  thwt  lie  pruptuwd  to  pit,  clio*«n 
befordiaad  under  tho  ailvic«^  of  a  not^d 
i'.ot;k*ma*it€r,  was  immcdlttttly  bronuhl 
fkirward  and  placed  tn  tht;  hands  of  a 
f;:aineket!i>er  lor  yreimraliou.  A^mi 
tliL'i  advantage  Corddl  eitronij^ly  prolail* 
cilf  but  U]  no  pnrpoft«,  for  ibo  priori  wai 

Thi*  rL*duccd  ihe  imiit^fr  to  an  altcnm- 
tivo^tnrwfb'Ci.  from  amofigti 
the  pit|  (»r  dra'v  the  Makr4!i 

forfeit.       Hill    til-  <  i'  nrT:i!  v^ 

Kont  to  I 

ttttivy,  vv 

all  the  low  in  pH 
mafr!i  for  iht>  p-; 

iti  r 

hmiu. 

Cotnpidl^l  to  tnako  a  fl^ootiun,  CurdaU 
pDBAml  around  Ui«  p^V^  «&&  ta^ki^  ^te 


h.t^.u 


vva»  Lint  a 
niKiii  him 
i  tni4  that 
<i  a  itobar 


.'  .ri. 


Thi  Voek-Fi^hL 


iercd  Into  SpnilAh.  Btgniieaiit  Wki 
vera  csobtSfM  bj  the  tigmjdL^,  s«verftl 
of  whnm  ymm  present  to  preterro  order 
«4  <{islrt  Tfi«  old  prifist,  without  at- 
Ittfifif  to  th«  «^^«r'^,  bi^jfan  at  oDoe  to 

tMfulM  nr 


-,       ,       ..,._..    (rtitn    vaj    eloralod 
jjoiitioti,  fttttl  opp<irttiat*ly  iiit«roapte4  the 

I'fy  hftfid,  tH$  Tillftinona 

^5  ft  Tiif>^t  i4tictiiii0!ijc>u« 

#.  !  Iiift  mnooimee 

f  ^HLit,  I  he  bfigatUer, 

ifli  to   comprchetid 

''        with 

y  at 

nflid  lie,  "if  ' 
^..^..1  .i..^  «  ..^ck  tn  the  tiA^ink......  ■  .  ,*-* 

mg  ni  Mitid  your  mu\  in  hot  hwi*  to 
lb  DmkV' 

fhtm  wonli  1  1  th&  diffidtiley. 

Tfct  holy  man,  j  iti  hit  bIio^, 

ifBOifaM  to  nM  hiiA  b&ft  endeavnur^. 
U^Of  to  a  litt1f>  rtilgod  boj,  wlio^e 
mii  difi|)#d  to  kia  breast  aik  xtng^inlr 
«Bei«r«l,  ont  yet  friU  grown,  he  dtreoWl 
Ite  tn  bring  it  f^^rw&rd  fur  v«ii4[tioiu 
Cbpl^  ttiil«t^  on  tlio  right  lo  mako  hii 
own  aolaetionf  but  tho  gta^«l|  already 
isqitttj«fit  in  eoniomiOi  of  tho 
d«layf  anthonaod  tbo  pur- 
bitfgad  that  tho  ootitoglof i 
tm  upecoily  anenod  fbr  Iho  fight, 
a  few  tfii9tii«nl4  tlto  pit  wai  Taoaiod, 
bj  tbo  oi^okirN,  to  whom  waa 
>d  thi>  pfoparatioD  of  tlta  oafn« 
At  UofUij  overythiag  beltig  ia 
the  gtn»tA  deolrod  to  addroM 
oliaiiitilrYii  bdbfo  the  strlfo  oom^ 
"Pia  raqtMil  •tclt«d  arjm^  mirth 
Ibo  ll*fWMW,  bat  waa  prcimptly 
lad  ^  !)i4  |tiiiiieko«pi^f.    Tho 

p4j  ^  haiitl,  arrd  taklotf 

ifti  ijj  UJ9  biilt  tomod  hb  hoad 
iida  iod  iddrtniii  Mim  la  ibofol* 


y  good  fallow,"  ttid  h^  with  an 
r  0^  •jaooritf ,  adsatrabl/  aasiuiiod,  ^^  tho 
wo  Miataln  to  eaoh  otiior  miku 
B|r  doty  I  bafora  yon  ootor  tlio  sraoa, 
falpraw  upon  your  mind  a  prop<jr 
wmmikm  rcMpoiMlbilHf  that  iwita  opoo 
fii  1ft  lUi  Irjiiig   mocBivt.    Bj  fim 


osagea  that  oferywhefo  prevaU  amofig 
the  politer  states  of  our  repuWIc,  I  haf^ 
this  day  bccoiuo  your  loi^ter  by  solemn 
purchase,  and  Imve  a  nght  tt>  dispose  of 
your  porvioe  In  wlittti*?t>r  way  may 
best  sob^r^e  my  pvir]K»i<a,  Hot  I  da- 
sign  you  tor  an  eianjple  of  tny  magna- 
nimity. 

''  Upon  the  Imd^  of  the  %ht  In  which 
yrin  are  about  to  ©ogag^,  entirely  depends 
the  coodltion  rtf  yoiir  fature  existoQoo. 
If  yon  are  defeated,  yon  will  bo  eon- 
tlemned  to  perpetoal  slavery ;  bat  If  yon 
are  viotorioos,  yon  wOl  bo  freod  frota 
your  bondage,  invented  with  tho  righto 
of  dttzao^bip,  and  ntlaoted  into  tlio  great 
lami ly  of  Ameri c ftn  fi gh ti  ng*eoo k ». 

**  Iq  the  comTEig  contest,  yon  are  to  w* 
present  the  freest  and  the  happient  poci- 
ple  on  the  faco  of  tlie  **arth,  and  in  your 
keeping  is  intxustCHi  tho  honor  of  their 
moat  gTorions  nation*  The  result  of  tfiit 
eeimbut  will  be  eniblotnatlcal  of  l!its  eon- 
elnsiou  of  the  war  in  wfd<ih  they  ar*?  now 
engagod.  If  you  are  oonqnerod,  all  thot 
Taylor  hm  aehievad  in  the  moantairiEi, 
Soott  will  loo»6  in  tho  valley*i ;  btit  if  yon 
aro  trinmphant,  I  ahall  eTpo<;t  to  cele- 
brate thoanniTerMiry  of  onr  nnt  InnaJ  inde- 
pondoDoe  oi?er  a  hiwty  plate  of  Aonp,  at 
tho  table  of  the  victor  ions  general|  in  tbo 
jmliico  of  the  Montexiiiiia*» 

^''  Go^  Bir,  and  do  your  doty;  and  ma? 
the  Ood  of  Abraham,  and  of  Isaacv  and 
of  Jaoob)  and  of  tlio  thlrt«eti  Unltod  Oo- 
lonioi,  preeervo  you  Irom  defeat,  and 
your  nation  fW>m  dUgrafie.'* 

When    this    addroB*  wu  '    UA^ 

Guy  Wiuthrop,  from  tho  o|  of 

the  amphitheatre,  oried  with  a  io  lu  v<  >|{)f, 
*  *  Th  roo  oheeri  for  Oenoral  M .  '*  Im- 
mediately a  100 ra  of  hata  went  up,  and 
afl  many  rokea  ibUowed  ia  a  oonoart  of 
ahontfl  that  ozoltod  tha  wonderinont  of 
the  whola  ne%hborhood.  In  tho  brief 
quit t  that  anmd.  the  inter]]reter  gave  a 
oondeosed  traiulaftloa  of  tho  Hpeoch^ 
whioli  w^  rooolTod  with  sbouta  of  laugh- 
ter. 

Presently  one  of  the  iaforior  alcaldes 
of  tho  city  made  hta  appoaranDO,  and  tho 
hilarity  of  hiB  ootMtitneatff  quickly  snb- 
liided  into  a  mmrmiir  of  graltfioationi  for 
be  wai  Jodga  of  tho  ootnhat  He  walk- 
ed forward  with  a  atately  tread,  and 
aMtonded  a  flight  of  winding  ataif%  ooa* 
aiitiog  cf  aovaa  itopi,  to  a  plaoa  not  ii»- 
liko  oae  of  tbo  atb-hoppor  pnlplt«  ftMom* 
abla  Ui  (^  tlma  of  Jonathaa  Edwardi. 
HftTinf  mmtad  ttimjolf  and  wiped  the 
panphmttoa  fi^m  bit  bro  w^  he  waved  liU 


316 


Thi  Vock-FighL 


[Sept. 


pbeed  the  cbampions  on  the  ground  and 
retired. 

The  repreaentaiiYe  of  Me^dco  was  a 
full -grown,  well-proportion  &d,  vain-glo- 
Houp,  game^iock  of  the  red'feather,  and 
m  fine  a  spedrncu  of  hia  breed  as  was 
ftTer  pitted.  His  bead  and  neck  were 
tliickly  covered  with  a  rich  pluuvagd  of 
crimson  hue,  which  tningled  with  the 
yellow  on  Ida  brcaiit,  as  thi^  light  blends 
with  tlie  dhado  to  the  mesEzotmto,  His 
baek  and  Bho aiders  were  pnrple,  and  also 
his  wing^  which  were  lightly  tipped 
wiih  black.  Hii  s!dei  and  thigbi*!  and 
Uao  under  part  of  his  w ing^,  were  scarlet 
interspersed  with  yellow,  Hia  leg*  and 
beak  were  orange,  and  his  eyes  Hke  glo* 
bulea  of  blood.  Hia  cre&eot  tail,  which 
awept  the  ground  like  the  skirt  of  a  fa- 
shionable lady^g  dresa,  was*  a  happy  mix- 
tare  of  glo^&y  black  and  fiery  vermilion. 
His  br<md  single  eomb^  with  Its  sharp 
trlanf^ular  teetb,  f^ell  gracefully  upon  one 
9idi\  like  the  wavini^  plume  of  a  Kossuth 
hat.  And  his  whole  appearance^  from 
the  crown  of  his  head  even  unto  the 
soltB  of  his  feet,  was  that  of  a  Mexictiu 
cominander  at  a  grand  review. 

Very  diftt^rent  was  the  appearance  of 
the  UDgainly  cockerel  chosKin  a:i  the  re- 
present at!  re  of  five-and- twenty  miDion^ 
of  frteraeo — and  some  slaves.  He  was 
in  truth  a  gawky  fellow,  not  unlike  a 
youth  that  had  ahot  up  a  loot  or  so  be- 
yond hia  yeara.  His  manner  was  deci- 
dedly awkward,  and  his  dress  shabby 
and  negk-cted,  especially  the  tail,  which 
was  rti  rather  a  tattered  condition,  Hi.^ 
outer  covering  consisted  of  a  thin  suit  of 
abort  feathera^  of  divers  colors,  intermix- 
ed i  n  a  most  peculiar  mann  er.  But  there 
waa  neither  jet-black  nor  snow-whita, 
deei>green  norbloud-red;  all  were  dull, 
and  dingy,  and  diaagreeable. 

In  onier  respects  he  was  equally  re- 
markable* He  waa  tail  and  alender,  and 
carried  a  high  head  on  slight  supporters ; 
biit^  like  many  of  the  people  he  repre- 
aented,  what  he  lacked  iq  &iub*tance  he 
made  up  in  abow,  for  hia  legs  were  of  tlie 
exact  fugtre  of  gold.  Altogether,  he 
looked  m  much  like  a  native  of  Pike 
county,  aa  any  Missouri  an  that  ever 
nieaaured  six  feat  and  three  in  hia  yellow 
nnmentionables;  and  hi^  damaged  tall 
atrongly  resembled  Doniphan^a  men  on 
their  arrival  at  Buona  Viala,  freeh  from 
the  wilderness. 

But  it  mij-Ht  be  borne  in  ralnd,  that 
this  mttjjster  bird*  upon  whose  ghttering^ 
gaffleahiing  the  glory  of  a  great  nati rm» 
wm  cudy  a  laat  yoflr*3  ducikeu.    He  had 


not  yet  attained  his  complete  itaturei,  nor 
\m  hmbs  their  juat  pro|>ortioojg,  nor  hia 
feathers  tiieir  full  length,  nor  hia  colow 
the  gloaa  and  brilliancy  of  ripe  mamrlty ; 
even  hia  spun?  had  not  yet  protruded 
til  rough  the  skin  of  hL*  aukle*»  Ke  ver- 
thekiis,  bis  step  waa  firm  and  hia  bcar- 
iog  fearless,  and  his  lustrous  eyes  Hashed 
with  tlie  iire  of  defiance. 

There  waa  one  other  thing  id  hia  ap* 
pearance  particularly  worthy  of  mention* 
The  many  Ct/Iors  of  \m  plumago,  like 
thoae  of  I  he  priara,  nicely  intoriniaeedi 
yet  preserved  their  *diatinctne««.  But 
wbiJe  the  caanal  observer  saw  notldng 
remarkable  in  the  s*potEcd  breaat  aisd 
striped  back,  Guy  Winthrop,  hir?  eve  in  a 
fine  freiizy  rolling^  di^eovered  in  thv  one 
the  great  canopy  of  stara,  and  In  tlie 
other  die  bright  rainl>ow  of  promise; 
and  by  a  flouri:>h  of  the  i magi  nation,  a 
poeticiil  license  that  proaera  kuitw  mo- 
tbing  about*  instantly  metamorphi^i^ed  the 
motley  bird  into  tlte  American  llag.  It 
must  ho  conf^ased  Uiat  the  resemhlanoe 
waa  not  very  striking,  hot  the  idea  w^a^ 
happily  eoDceived  under  the  eircum- 
staucoa,  and  three  simultaneous  a!icmt?t 
went  np  from  the  volunteers  for  the  sue- 
ccs^i  of  the  gloriona  stripes  aod  i^tars* 

For  several  momenta  the  proud  cham- 
pion of  Mexico  looked  upon  his  unoonth 
autagonbt  with  surprise^  and  aflerwnrds 
with  curioua  scrutiny.  It  was  very  evi* 
dent,  if  hi»  manoer  waa  a  truthful  indica- 
tion, that  he  regarded  him  aa  a  half- 
fiedged  upstart,  only  worthy  of  liia  con- 
tempt* But,  en  retlectionT  he  reaoht'd  to 
paniah  him  for  hi^  rash  presumption,  aa 
Walpole  did  the  future  Eai-1  of  OJiatham, 
Ftdi  of  thia  determiuftUon,  he  drop[ied 
liis  head  and  tail  to  a  level  with  Ills  back, 
and  rushed  furiously  athwart  the  pit, 
aiming  a  death-blow  at  hl^  devoted  head. 

Heanwhile,  the  champion  of  Anierioa, 
highly  delighted  with  hia  s^hiuing  apura^ 
uiK>n  which  was  centred  hia  entire  at- 
tention, fell  into  a  foolish  reverie,  and 
quite  forgot  the  buslnestj  in  which  he  was 
engaged.  It  was  wtOl  lor  hia  honor  and 
safety  that  a  con-^iderable  space  separated 
him  from  hia  adversary,  else  he  might 
have  bit  the  ground  withoTii;  ^*^ii  Im-^  a 
Mow  for  hia  life,  and  the  can 

seated.    But  the  pompous  prt^i of 

his  indignant  foe,  arouaed  hiir*  lo  a  toll 
sense  of  hia  danger,  and  the  ititorveiiing 
space  &ared  him  from  immediate  dea* 
tructson. 

There  wxis  «>metliini^  trol'  U 

in  hia  manner,  as  he  rai»c*d  1>.  id 

sqoan^d  hlumelf  for  the  onsets    iu  jJl 


bm  of  ft  fi  < 

■liBtafiiad  Uli 
p  f*if  blow ; 


ip!p«iirin<?e,  A  violent  eo^1l«ion  wft^in^Ti- 
awmted  wtlJi 

■tin  !  ;-  i>i   much  moris  iiniwir- 

iMiec,  <>ti  Vfa*  nut  rualtKed;   ihi^ 

tp6eiaili>r<^  ^    :ipfM»iRtei1,   Am]    th& 

mwnrliH  !  rind  mnnilieil  Ills 

wilj  advert...  T ,  ...^..  the  grmt  HV^iing- 
kiB,  quietly  fitwHl  upon  hm  ilefcrice,  imtil 

Ibis  I  eared,  leavitt|^ 

Ifcf  Tir  vv^ttidcfincMlt   nA 

btk  he  cmid^  while  he  wft^i  dealm^  a 
«iQiil«r  bluw,  with  blcHjd^  oUbct^  in  hU 
«BmUcl«i}  rear. 
OoQtrary  to  every  oTi^*a  cxpei:t4iticm, 
file  first  n>tinii  AriH'rim  ^eeftped  iin- 

'  ^        '    "      i*^!!  ho  ftc- 

II V  I  ho  inter* 
Mittiiii  of  ft  fi  <  '   iind  An<vther 

Mm  ftiUek.  i..,^  L.,uo  tho  c^K^kcrcl 
position,  and  relirrned 
but  hl^er  U^n  or  a  iki^en 
im^  •in*ktm^  dc^^t  with  tl]<3  i;rrAd«  iui<1 
AID  of  ftft  ftiJept,  ho  w'ji^  ei>i»|M?Ucd  ti*  re- 

nitii  lilood,  in  Hw  posaesiiiun  of  hiv  riiiire 
powcrf^  enemy. 

At  tlie  dhtiiTJee  Si  Imlf  n  rod  ha  cafne 
lA  ft  halt  and  f tccd  iibont  to  vlcxv  the 
bttiW-frootid^  in  fhn  e«ntf4^  ttf  which 
Hood  Uie  ^  tri- 

ttifiti.     Fir  rifhl 

9ifl|pi^    lll^ri    grrriri]  ui    node, 

titfi opMMd widn his '  itiiv tUme 

4flor    AfUff  the  lM|>-eo!  i  ho 

-^  to  r,'«»*  !i?  t!,..  ©iuIl*: T  .  ..:  wiw 

^«od  by  the  cockerel, 

TL  juiit  im  ho  cried 

and   upn-t   him   with   the 

kl^-^CK> "  lt»  Lh  throat, 

Bpon  th(»  ntrtip(7!c  wn**  renoweil, 

K  OilfitBlfiCid  with  ^ent  vi^ur  for  8«Te- 

fll  tB00ii*)#,  btit  with<»yt  rrmli^rial  ndvnn* 
tagB  to  rkthft  ]ttirty,  Tht-n  ftdUnvcd  n 
nirjcmlon  '  and  ^kirmbhes,  ill 

'MA  Fat  I  >  outwit  llanntMt 

ad  IIm  etierp '^  1 1  iKith  were  wgU  nlg^h 
ffClUMiMcL  For  It  fnvt  inomnnu  thuy 
1^4  b«ak  to  lwri>  *-  ■  -fiiii  tht!iV 
imsb  aod  r&oovcr  i  :th  ;  and 

IbMiyi  nj*"'^  *"'^''''"  ■■  ■  ^  ..-Ji  a  tierce- 
VM  aatl  a  i  lotJo  tlioir  praviotit 


Nil 


.rJe^- 


fa  all  the  tw-'  '<>  w)jo  hmki^d 

Aevn  opoci  th<^^  1=*  when  tiny 

iit^pt^  frio  '  ^  I  1  ^'f  the  givnid- 
kurjiani,  tiitv^^'  .1^  I.  t  IK*  who  antid* 
ptted  vvdi  a  hioi^y  and  ^riHracted  oai^ 


teat.  The  hird  of  Meilco  wA  in  hie 
prinie^  and  Inspired  }i\ti  tYrontU  wUJi  eoft- 
tid«nci%  wJulo  the  other  ffiiled  tf*  eidla 
evmi  a  hopo  in  niiy  Imt  thti  hrenst  tif 
Wiivthrtip,  But  he  was  tttrawgwly  tin* 
pie-atnl  with  a  pi-oicniirneuT^  a  uom^ 
thing  that  poits  regar<]  as  pri^nhti^y,  that 
Lh*j  f<K!kt?rt!l  M^'uuld  o*!lut*ve  tho  vK't^iry ; 
and  ho  tlunn  U)  the  coijviutjon  thri>iigh- 
fiutthe  Cijiiihiit,  ft«ftiri*t  ov^ry  ft|vpt>arJiiioo, 
th^  tlocl^itm  of  tiio  judge  mid  tue  ippfO- 
val  ot  thi^  spe*it4tttjr»* 

Among  tlie  [K^raons  present  on  lh)!i  oo- 
cafciun,  wero  men  of  hiJtty  win  tons  ^l*** 
ha^  ne^'er  witties^^od  aiich  a  stnigelo 
wb#r^  tlje  coruhaiors  were  arntcd  with 
giffl«fl.  In  \v^  than  half  tJie  liitio  at- 
roadjr  con-^nun**!,  Uiey  hwd  3emv  birds  of 
maelt  bettor  Appearnncc  than  iho  cnck- 
er*^l,  fall  to  tlifj  mrtli  dead,  in  «omo  in- 
itjm<k^&  di5<?a[H  tilted,  and  in  otht-r^  totality 
djj5i!mbow©liwl.  And  to  ihein  it  wa*  a 
niMU<*r  (d'  tlio  grcat©>t  w*f>ndor^  hvjw  he 
oonlil  with'itand  iho  8U|»c?nor  forne  of  tlia 
ohl  Ciiek,  who  He  ev*?ry  hhtw^  dv&h  wiUi 
ji  miistcrV  &kU\^  tcnttert^d  Thu  hitiiley 
fi:alhvr*  of  his  bronst^  and  spattcrt'd  tho 
ground  with  hU  bUtod. 

But  viioiitont^  p^sed  into  BiH^onds,  and 
a(*oon<}H  int«}  iiiinutt'Bf  and  tniiiut^  muh 
tiplitd,  and  %till  Urn  fiifht  ptngmmd. 
At  Ifiigth,  o^ercttme  with  h\t*gn^^  tliey 
aba&done<l  ttio  ^pur  and  resorti^d  b>  the 
beak,  in  tho  umis  uf  which  the  ycmn^r 
warrior,  who'*€  cr«et  wa*  low  and'iloubl#, 
iiad  ^r^'urly  the  advanta^i^.  \n  xim  iiian> 
aer  tlio  Htriiifgk*  continot-d,  lonj  ftUer  tho 
fe&theri  Wi<r<)  stripped  from  tlu^ir  necks, 
ntul  tmtil  I  ho  comh  of  th<*  ohl  ci»ck  waa 
ootnpbtisly  deft  asunder,  la  tho  hand 
to  hand  fight  he  waa  no  mutch  fur  Yonog 
Atnorica,  und^r  whof^  drooping  win;;  he 
wa^  at  hut  obliged  to  thrust  hb  bliedinf 
head  for  protection. 

A  brief  rm^ile  en^ed.  Tho  old  bir', 
weary  from  eiertion^  and  weak  fh>n)  the 
imi  gf  bi^Kxl,  80«med  aniiout*  t^  tiuv|>«nd 
thi^  ettnfii  nntil  he  had  in  Kiine  niea/iure 
rev-  '  "  hreaih  and  strength*  Hut 
tl^i'.  -^ne,  like  youtii  in  gcnanL 

Wtt:*  iiii|jaLuui  for  ttu'  '  " 'Hj,  and 

vain  1 1  tri  ed,  by  ovcrj*  n  power, 

to  di  alodg©  hiv  enrniy .  A  l  . . .  j  t:  ^  j  . ,  rt  gard- 
ing  him  aaaoowardiy  nkulker,  and  ftf«l» 
ing  for  hfm  a  thoroiigti  oontiiiopt,  aa  lit 
inditred  his  Uh>W9  witti  Ihtt  nubniiatiir** 
neiM  of  a  fipaniel  or  negro  ulave^  And 
withal,  wfitAfM  with  hb  ffaick««  exif- 
tiooa,  ha  atretohad  forth  ya  tonf  telhir^ 
Imi  oaok,  and  attea<4  a  %hriU  cry  of  d^ 
fiance* 

Old  clianildtOT^  ^)m  \m4  croffix^^^ 


th&t  be  migbt  Iq  the  erid  realise  pcrnia^ 
netit  bcnefiu,  peroeiving  that  ih&  anicer 
of  liiB  foe,  in  liiB  exhausted  c-onditioUi 
teltlly  aufittt^l  bim  for  vigorous  re^isr- 
AOce,  suddeulj  darted  forth  from  beneatli 
tho  sbelterhig  wjDgi  aud  set  upon  him 
with  the  fury  uf  aDDihilatUin.  Seidiig 
him  bj  lite  back  of  the  bead,  he  deaJt 
fill!  baJf  a  doze  a  blows  upon  his  bleeding 
bfeast,  in  ^uch  quick  succetsston  that  not 
one  cotijd  be  retiirtied,  Aud  wheti  his 
hold  gave  waj^  the  cockercj  btaggerc^d 
bftck  a  few  paoe^  reeled  from  iide  to  dde^ 
lad  tumbled  headlong  to  the  earth. 

Up  to  thb  limiTieut  a  breatbl^s  quiet 
prevailed  throughout  the  amphitheatre ; 
it  wftB  now  broken  by  a  sh<iut  from  the 
Mexicansk^  that  buriit  upon  the  ear  liJve  a 
peal  of  u  n  csp  e  cted  t  h  u  n  der.  B  at  before 
tho  exultation  could  bo  repeated,  the 
Judge  raised  his  hoJban.  and  in  the  gilence 
that  iruniediately  followed,  prudftiTixed 
tlio  victory.  To  the  surprise  i>f  the  spetv 
tators,  nearly  all  of  whuni  iKKiuiesced  in 
the  dociidon,  Guy  Winthrop  ini^isted  that 
tlie  proa^imaiiou  was  preswature. 

*■  Righ  ,  by  heaveoi !"  shouted  the 
brigndier,  fprfnging  to  Im  f^iet,  greatly 
excited.  He  had  begun  to  entertain 
hopes  of  victory,  sn  nobly  did  the  young 
bird  sustain  his  part  in  the  fight,  ^^And, 
sirf^*  he  added,  addro-^sbg  the  ji^dge, 
'*  your  decision  is  too  haisty,  for  an  long 
oa  lifereuiaiaa,  hope  oiay  be  eotertained, 
and  that  bird  Ls  not  yet  dead.  You  must, 
therefure^  reserve  your  opinion  uiitU  Ufe 
is  extioet,  or  I  have  abaudoned  the  cou^ 
teat." 

The  judge  listened  to  thia  addre^  from 
the  lips  of  the  interpreter,  with  monift^st 
indiguaLion,  but  he  gave  it  no  notice  be- 
yond a  contempt uoua  curl  of  hii  Up.  In 
the  further  exercise  of  his  daty,  he  a^n 
waved  his  baton,  and  the  ga[iiekce[>ei*3 
entered  the  pit  to  reruoTo  the  coinba- 
tanij^.  But  they  had  seareely  crowed 
the  wall??,  whoa  Oordell  leaped  before 
them  and  forbade  tlieir  interference,  A 
eouplo  of  algi^azild  ilew  to  their  assi^t- 
anoe,  and  a  struggle  would  have  ensued^ 
had  not  the  murderous  revolver  of  the 
brigadier  prevented*  It  was  aimed  di- 
rectly at  tlie  breast  of  the  alcalde,  whoia 
he  threatened  with  instant  deatk  If  tho 
pit  was  not  speedily  vacaled. 

At  that  day  there  was  no  weapon  so 
much  feared  by  the  inliabitania  of  Hex- 
loo,  m  the  American  ^ix-ehooter.  It  was 
new  to  lao^t  of  tb^^sm,  and  lis  operation 
a  wondtr  and  a  (n)'»tery.  With  the 
doubife'*b;trrel  they  were  familiar,  and  it 


WM  fre^iuently  found  m  their  posecs&itoii. 

Its  principles  were  ea^ty  txplaiuud 
and  nnderi^toodf  and  with  the-o  ti^i^y 
were  thoroughly  acquainted.  The  ruii* 
iiing  noo^je,  or  hvriiit,  was  also  in  ootn- 
mon  use,  and  iu  their  hands  a  nuMi 
dangerous  and  d^jadly  instrument.  Tef- 
haps  on  all  the  waters  t)£  tlie  Missiasippt 
tliere  was  not  a  blackleg  better  ak  tiled 
in  the  use  of  the  long  knife,  Uf)oti  whioii 
they  relied  for  eafety  in  close  combat, 
under  almost  all  circumstances.  And 
?ornetinies  they  uaed  the  vengeful  &til©lt4j 
in  a  manuer  that  would  not  have  shaLned 
Uie  proudest  assa^in  of  that  d^norale 
]>eople  from  whom  they  derivea  its  use, 
together  with  tlieir  laws,  languaf^  mau- 
ner^^  customs,  fashions^  rehgiou,  and  tUo 
be^t  bJood  of  their  nation. 

But  the  deadly  revolver  waa  a  weapon 
only  known  to  iheni  by  its  efleet* ;  and 
the$e  were  so  unaccountable  and  oiitr* 
deron%  that  many  regarded  it  as  aa  iii- 
vention  of  the  Bevil^  ] placed  in  the  hatid^ 
of  the  hirsute  barbarians  of  the  north, 
fur  the  destruction  of  Catholics  and  xht 
dissemination  of  the  eurrupilng  princi- 
ples of  Friitestflntifni,  One  of  those  lit- 
tle gtms,  in  the  hands  of  an  American^ 
could  produce  greater  CDnstertialioti 
among  an  assemblage  of  native^  tlian  a 
score  of  foot-guards  with  their  bavoncti 
fixed  and  their  muskets  set  for  a  cliirgis. 
It  was  valuable  on  all  oocaitions ;  now  to 
preserve  peace,  and  anon  to  qnell  dlstitr* 
bance  \  at  one  tiuje  to  enforce  1  w  Mr,,|  at 
another  to  protect  life  -  and  (  iy, 

as  in  the  present  instance,  to  l :  _  un- 
handed justice,  which  waa  too  eeldom 
received  in  that  country^  e^pedally  bj 
the  natives  of  tlie  United  States, 

Terrified  by  the  menaciai^  altitude  of 
t!i©  general,  the  judge  promitn^d  to  wiUl- 
hold  his  decision  until  lifo  was  oxiincii 
another  fiourish  of  his  baton  ftrrci»tctl 
the  piMgre^  of  the  alguazils,  and  cauised 
the  gamekeepers  to  retire,  Cordell  ako 
wi  til  drew,  and  the  pit  was  again  m  the 
pos^essiufi  of  the  combatant#i  whlcl!,  for* 
tunaToiji  were  not  in  the  least  disnirbed 
by  the  eventa  that  produced  so  much  ex- 
citement among  the  spectator:^. 

After  two  or  tliree  iceffeetufd  eiUn  rnpts 
to  regtun  \m  feet^  the  oocku  t:d 

over  on  hia  fciide,  evidently  o.  i ; 

but  he  stilt  kept  hi*  head  Jjoui  tht 
ground  and  his  eye  oa  hia  aU^ersaryi 
who,  at  the  dbtanoe  of  two  or  three 
yardai  looked  down  upon  his  hblpleJ9 
victim  with  the  pride  of  a  conqueror. 
In  thii4  manner  several  mmula*  fliip«»od. 
and  th«  Mexicans  had  begua  to  maalfw 


tbiir  Imp^tbiloe  hf  fi^rUlu  law  mattor* 
\tm  tlitt  arv  bitier  omitted,  mhm  it 
«■!  ab9err«d  hf  one  cif  the  ijfnine* 
,  tlwt  tbe  old  bifd  wts  gratiumJly 
hli  «tr«Qgth,  ainl  pi>!«»ibly  hU 
M^  lllfOHgljL  ili«  retr- wound  rocchod  tit 
lite  oommvnocmcnt  uf  the  struggle, 
khom^  tlM  iftiiid  litiii5,  Guy  Wintbrop 
MCktd  jk»  Uloud  irkklifig  4owu  from 
^  1^^  ptirfiti^  fcutlier^  tlmt  hung  m 
matfiillir  f  >"^t  of  hi^  UtiL,  mul 

Jl*  rigbuj  '    tfic  caose  of  the 

"'**  prie^*ii  uir  hu  had  t>e«ii 

^ok«ii  toby  rb  j-tr, 

FfflPtijr  the    |jrtKiaiiniL'tl    c^lnfItlero^ 
|n»w  iti»ilo«4jr|  ntiiJ  iatofrgeretj  abc^ut  tho 

elUtt  1^  dniiiKi^ri  man ;  atul  ^ixjii  alk^r 
lit«d  dro]vp#il  aptrn  Ills  hr^Ji^l^  «^nd  ho 
*  to  th<o  imrth.     But  tio  im* 
'  rteovered  hi*  fi?et,  and  stood 

aMMr)|U%  t)s*  ind 

ti>  A  level  \s     .  ,  .  the 

tiflniitlH  of  the  tngn .  1 1  rushed 

Mfo  of  <J«fttroying  tii*  hie  hetbre  him- 

Tb«  <3fickcrifi  dearJy  ptiroijivcd  the  in* 
Itittii^  ^ut  wan  uimblt5  Ui  avert  I  he 
ttr«tS«lli4  4««iniGticm,  Bui  wlii^r«  lifb 
ki  dulaagifid,  tlie  iih(^ht«at  cbarice  for 
in  nrMftnralioo  h  nat  to  ho  dciipigi^d  ;  #o 
lit  mmI  bii  hoad  uptxi  tlio  gri>utid  and 
Ifcrw  ap  bif  fei^t  lo  ftliicld  his  h<Kh.  ' 
tht  oftAttd^ht  WII9  U>rriClc,  and  the  gnti« 
Ifcrtttmck  ll4ia  blow,  coriiir-.'  -  -  T!*:vct 
villi  ilift  etatp  on  ttie  Ivgii  :  nto 

^  ttiuif>{H»d  iut«j  picA.^^  „.,a  i-cut- 
ul  die  pit    But  Urn  lbro«  of  the 
i  tilttr  card«d  him  Mraral  feal 
ml  liy  oDeiuy,  where,  railing  hoad- 

^  tn  lh«  midit,  and  all  lib  bowek 
1  ifuL 

ratod  by  a  cruelty  thai  woald 
imr*  a  MI0U  ft^Of'  tiic;  oockisrel 
■fr«il  nta  eierdoii^  nnd  ;Lft«r  two 
ar  thr«^  eifort«  hi^AJnod  hi-*  fi^ot*  For 
ftnoourtit  bp  rotuiunt^d  »tutionary,  then 
iMUioodiy  ipproach«.*d  his  chlWlrnin 
*Miil,  Wilk«a  tlovrly  roinnl  Id^  irmn- 
^id  earpM,  IcKikfd  with  jiridc  iif«>ri 
i  diEttii«wi>Qod<. '''i<i  tin^r.  T-vijiingby 
\  liik^  ta  a   (.[  i\  voice 

ui  tljo 

%»f.  Vt  -    hir*  at- 

4'  -  .   ,■!    tho 

iUtt4^AU4  iti  ii-^i(Luu^  au'.l  'it-*jj!jr>%"i  the 


«l4ii 


Britit*li  at  Prtnoetfin.  U  is  tme  thai 
he  afterwarJ  '    %  ravel j  at  Bnmdy- 

win©  and  M  conrt-hotjjic,  and 

di«dgaiiiebt  j-jtM-^wn,  yet  lio  was  nv- 
vtjp  abb  to  r^coFor  from  th&  l»t*d  blow 
reaci%'ed  at  a  time  and  m  a  ^aartor  leaai 
expect  ad. 

But  (be  yoonu^r  bin?  ibrvngh  Ids  n^rli 
WA^  Ktrlpfied  of  s  ^*'«   *'*"'''*< 

picked  in  piect3,  •^.  mfit  covered 

with  wound?,  \yim  »tHi  alive.  Bo  had 
con(<jtided  agrairi^t  a  veterun,  had  biMit^ 
repuli^ed,  com  1 11^  I  led  to  re  treaty  hnrno  in 
the  earth  by  a  8Uperi<f>r  fi>r€(N,  and  rt'- 
duecd  to  ejEtrcmtty;  htit  be  ha*l  pQT^ 
vivtNl  p visry  attfti*k,  rpc'ovcred  from  <?v«?n 
di'T'        '  '  '    ■      !  Jii^  eu- 

trr  .,  crip* 

pltrii   [J!>  ii'Mi  ;  I'll  ;n^  r  I'HoUri'C*, 

deft'att'd  his  tfoycd  hi-*  <*onti> 

d enci%  an  d ^  i ! ) ^ ,  i^  a<jhi& ved  a  t*oi n- 

plfite  virtnry. 

ad^^  rited  judgp»  *'  you 

nur.  it^  a  Hi]  airard  ihe 

wa;jcr.  Fatli*jr  Ainbrt}**o»'*  he  added* 
turning  to  tha  avaricionft  pric«t,  **"  1  Iravc 
retnt!V**d  iny  inortittitf  Ina^^s  and  ^>tnc^ 
tldng  over^  and  should  hi*  jrlad  to  havi^ 
you,  vntb  ihe^fli,  luy  friondft^"  aLludiu^'  u> 
Dor  del  I,  Wmthri^n,  and  my&idf,  'uUne 
witJi  me  at  the  AmcHcao,  Yt»Ti  rt«>i%^* 
bo  eoDUnncd,  *Jpraking  to  the  F}K?t*tAtffra, 
**that  neitber  Molina  del  Rt*y  nor  Uhe- 
pulrapee  will  pro  rent  the  Fttccesa  c»f  oar 
arms  in  tbo  valley  of  M€i1c»>.  A  ad  to 
you,''  desif^miting  tbo  poet,  "'I  wjU  pivii 
that  oock^  with  the  btipe  that,  if  ho  anr* 
vlveA,  vt»u  will  cnrty  hiui  with  voti  to 
tlie  Doited  State*, ' 

Winthrop  recelv^  the  prc9C»nt  with  a 
pleasure  even  irreater  than  the  ffenertd 
ffelt  when  be  fitbtied  tbo  old  prieat  si  gold. 
He  took  Immediate  ilep«  to  gtAtincIt  Xh' 
blood  Itid  dre^  the  wonnd ;  and  he  ear* 
ried  him  to  the  earnp,  and  nur*ed  him 
with  my  '■.  that  In  a  lew  weekn 

ho  was  levered.     When  th# 

Twclvt?  hi<jiiiri-s  Voltrntceri  were  dit- 
char|i:efj  from  the  Mr  vice  by  roaaion  of 
I  ho  <*xpi  ration  of  the  peHofi  for  wbieh 
tbt?y  bad  enlUted,  tlie  jmef  carrii»ii  Ihe 
vicryl  =rii  rKriuiTvinn  with  him  to  Am*- 
ricr-  :x  oij  the  hnndred  and 

■txt'  J  bl!^  had  earned  la  his 

ootintry'Ji  caiis«,  whero  be  uliU  survivefv 
m  fplondid  bird,  striped  nrwl  vfjifr-^d  as 
IjniidflnTTufly  '■>  ^,f^ 

pat  Han*  it  af  <  .  ir 

of  lotfit*  of  *  ctMikA  »ouUi  of 

M/i«on  and  hi 


A   UCTTEH  TO  CriAIiL^  BITTLfiR,   ESQ.,  BT  O^TB  OF  TB8  SXGtTfiSlOKtSTa. 


MY  Dkah  Mb,  BoTLEn — I  hopo  jou 
niBj  have  time  to  roii^J  along  letter, 
for  it  wiU  take  flonie tiling  tnore  than  tbo 
aosttniiary  space  allotted  ti>  a  vvoiuan^sdif* 
t'lmvo  iK'Ui  Uj  thank  yuu  fur  the  pleaaura 
\vlucli  wadfiratintiniiited  to  my  by  a  little 
bit  iif  pastebimnl  I'roin  joar  liaiid,  on 
wljjcli  w lis  inscribed  au  i d  vi  tatiun  lo  **  Mi-is 
; — j — atjd  two  iVlcnds,"  or  to  do  aoj 
jiijilice  to  my  iiopi'esfllun  of  Its  value. 

The  Ittte  *'  Eaeui-si*  ni  to  die  Falls  of  St. 
Anthon\%^'  seonii^  to  mo  an  ilJu>traiJOn  and 
priiof  of  the  advimcetuent  of  true  clvili- 
zation.  PriticoB  have  paraded  tlie  piid^j 
and  pageantry  of  riiyal  lio$pitalit>% 
KnIgliU  have  hehl  their  tilts  and  tuurna- 
meDta.  We  are  all  fjimillar  with  the 
high  festival  held  at  **  the  Field  of  the 
Oioth  of  Gold,"  when  nobles  pledged 
their  transmitted  estates,  and  beggared 
themselves  to  magnify  the  pride  antf  par- 
mke  the  ftviivitie^  of  tivid  priuee*.  The 
lords  t>f  old  Eoglatid  left  their  kkod- 
hoine  (vvhieh  might  stretch  itself  at  ea^e 
within  the  bounds  of  one  of  otir  prairie 
States),  crosjied  a  ehanael  which  would  bo 
but  a  *'  before-breakfaist  i-aW*  for  one  of  our 
stisainerft,  to  bejealous  partakers  of  the  am- 
bitioTti*  hoi?pitiility  ofafcjreign  prince,  the 
rival  of  theii"  master,  "TheEicursion  to 
St,  Anthony'* — b,  festival  from  beginning 
U>  end— ia  measured  by  thnusand^  of  miles 
instead  of  hnndredj^.  Our  munificent 
entertainer!*  are  our  fellQw-mderei^ns^ 
and  certainly  princes  in  their  own  right- 
They  are  productive  laborers  in  the  wide 
fields  of  enlightened  industry,  not  revel* 
ler^s  on  Hehes  gained  by  war  and  rapine^ 
and  held  by  selfish  power  and  fraud. 
They  do  not  divide  God's  earth  into 
patches  to  be  enjoyed  by  the  few  and 
worked  by  the  many;  fiut  they  seour^ 
the  perumnencse  of  onr  iostiluttuns  by 
nmking  labor  honorable.  They  stretch 
out  their  riulroada  over  the  vast  prairied, 
and  bind  the  Free  West  to  the  East  in 
inevitable  and  indij^soliible  Union.  Their 
heraltU  do  not  throw  down  the  gauntlet 
and  dety  tu  c^imbat,  hut  proclaim  "Peace 
and  iioQfl  will  to  man  !'* 

Wt?  all  I  eiuoniher  the  legend  of  Seged, 
the  hivd  of  Etlik>pia,  who  decreed  for 
himself  and  Uh  cofirtiers  ten  days  i>f 
pleasure,  and  tailed  in  them  ail  Messrs, 
Faujuuj  and  Shetiield — ^lh«  lurda  of  onr 
''e^cuFHion"_gave  us  twenty,  and  each 
M/Jd  nl!  were  crownod  with  sticceas.   Bat 


^i^m 


their  guests  were  not  made  up  of  |iarn- 
sitrs  and  e<*nrtien),  and  pettod  Fitini' 
anU^  but  of  thos^e  whose  holrdays  came 
Initween  workitig-dayH,  They  were 
men  from  arduous  political  poijla^  from 
c^  lua  li  og-h  oiisea  and  bauki  ng-ho  osesL 
Tbey  came  from  making  brie^  and 
writing  strmons— from  studies  and  stu- 
dioj",  and  above  all,  from  the  overwbeU 
ing,  iuces-sant  work  of  railroad  oftifl 
And  the  women  {how  different  fixnn  i 
petted  and  vicious  beauties  of  an  ori< 
till  court)  had  cast  off^  for  the  twea' 
holidays,  the  ciires  and  tasks  of  tM 
iwjtinaj*^  the  harem  of  ^^  women^s  righn 
in  h*nne3  whlcli^  as  a  foreign  Imvefl 
well  says,  deserve  the  northern  app^lj 
tion  ot  "  mer^d  rmnm.^^ 

Yoa,  my  dear  Mr.  Butler^  who 
iiessed  hut  iu  part  Uie  success  ni 
"Excardion,"  and  all  those  wlio  did  not 
partake  it,  will^  I  fvar,  receive  achastin- 
ed  report  of  it  as  fabulons. 

It  has  been  said  that  every  bidden 
gne^t  was  present ;  and  evea  Umt  cer* 
tain  "pitjus  fmnds'*  were  committed  to 
foft^t  in  the  oninvited,  and  that  our  on* 
tert?iiners  were  too  lenient  to  turn 
away  such  a«j  came  withotit  the  **  wed* 
ding-gaFmenl."  If  there  were  such 
abuses  of  unparalleled  mnnificence,  ihey 
muat  answer  l'>r  tho  only  imperfection 
in  our  fesjstival — a  want  of  ample  sleeping 
accomodation  on  board  the  steamers. 
But,  m  we  read  that,  at  the  meeting  in 
the  *^  Field  of  the  Qhith  of  GohV 
**iuanj  ladies  and  gentlemen  of  rank 
were  glad  Ui  obtain  lodging  in  banj«,  on 
hay  aod  airaw^"  our  young  men,  on 
whotn  the  "rouyihing  it  ■*  fell  (row^Ai/tg 
on  nice  inaltre.«^es  on  a  cabin  tloor)| 
>.^'ere  not  so  elfeminate  as  to  complain* 
It  Is  the  glorious  privilege  of  youth  au^ 
health  to  find  ^ 

"  A  cm^te  Is  ttie  rude  Imp^ri^yi  fiirffti 
Ao4  la  tbe  rbtutiDii  of  tlie  vtads.** 

Yen  were  at  Chicago  on  Sattirdi 
when  the  *'*  Excur^ionista^*  ponred  in 
that  wonder I'ul  t-ity  the   type  of 
abonndirig  vitality,  the  intense  actiri| 
and  tlie  marveiltmi*  growth  of  the  TTd 
Kever  can  any  of  as  forget  the  cruwdslL 
thronged  the  receivi"  -  "    —^     '^  ■  ^• 
iiig-ro<*fa3.  and  thf> 

mo n I  Iloteh    The r u  ^ . . ^  j  , .  ^ .  -t ^ . .  ^  *  s 

all^  who  had  already  come  a  thou^nd 


■m 


le^i,] 


Ths  0rmt  Jdnrtirtfton  to  the  FaiU  of  SL  Anihmty. 


rni 


•ilea  hy'  •ioAin  imd  ml ;  bat,  while  ]ret 
«itk  lb«ir  gruv  UttTeKiiig  livery  cm,  ttn<i 

IntMr  luodi,  iheT  bad  Dotbtrif?  ot  the 
L  i>f  Weary  and  worn  trnvellers^  biH 
k  felAl  wr,     VtJo  beard,  im  ovory 
I  KT'Mttiig4  mn]  i-L^ciproenl  febci- 

Ki.*     tl.-.      L--,T.!       -■.,uL».nrH>ijiil 


HI  irlth 

%W|Wlili*  *>tii  ons — Q»ortof 

MiiiinUlci  I  frj&i^,    «vAr@ 

jfvti  LrreT  *^lluw  tkiii^hu^d  I  aui  to 
«eo  jo« !"  **  Two  drt y»  uuly  from  Now 
Yonc^  hn%  not  at  all  (ni\gtit<\\*^  mr^  one ; 
«lhd  *•  I,**  «iy«  tnothcr,  **  twk  tbe  alluwcd 
fix  diiTi  fur  tli^  jonmey,  patiied  BOiiie 
At  Albany,  and  half  ji  any  nt  Ci  ica ; 
Cadlonaui  day  at  Nia^ra;  bad  n 
i!fiv«  about  Bulffllo;  naw  &I1 
priftoidjr  ro4donci-4;  ^hpi  4m  ttit« 
itm  <»t  Lak^  Erie;  pa^aeil  a 
eifenlae  witb  tny  friend.^  in  Be- 
;  have  glided  tu*duy  owr  iJie  Michi^ 
ir&n  r.'fitra!,  aod  110 w  Jim  Ikto  as  fr^i-di 
A  !  hiartcdr*    Glfliliies^  wa^  in 

«T     ^  '-,    pkiig4nt    catpectation    im 

«««r/  c«Miittdtiaiio«*f  qjhJ^  I  would  fain 
WltfV«,  ^tltade,  for  ttie  privilege  ao- 
««iM  09^  in  erery  benrt,  The  rtsivclty 
9i  lfe#  ft^#«niUy,  anii  tJ»c  oright  track  be- 
belbro  11^,  khvo  an  tinprceo- 
I  atid  ffif^hiiesa  to  ifie  mo«t> 


tnkit; 


[Ortiiniy  tbor«  wan  a  poe^Uarity  in 
liuUty  of  Mc«iirf(.  Ftirniim  and 
I  ih«tr  aiiBoolat^s.    A  **  mcr* 
I?'  glf'*^-  "  r«;-.*ie.r  ill  t**wii  lo, 
it  may  bot,  tw^^  Tb^y  imr- 

takm  m  Xuxurl  ^  fmrn  g^ilden 

MbSii|  and  drink  hi  wini^*  from 

€i!f^m^  and  are  t  ^    >  1 1  uch  b  n  t  rpi  a  r^ 

m  Mfhapt  not  at  ail  t bo  wii^er  or  Ik>11i?p 
ibr  IL  And  even  iJje  ^^Ual  c«!*>tntni\** 
fiUl  9^  of  the  sciuon^  \%,  to  Ml  If  Si  af  tfio 
ter  flva  handnsdf  '*  nt^ilt?,  fluf,  ni)d  uii* 
'!•,**  Bat  Thl*  f*>tivTtl  wiw  of 
natnrt.  Their  iiuvf^u  wore  in- 
fHad  ikit  la  atlmlre  ibcir  »tal<^,  or  to 
4irirf  4kr  oorot  ihdr  waaltb,  but  lc»  »e« — 
Wi^mtfifmi  f.  '  ''  *^~  *  *  -  -'  iTt.ip* 
jHi^dabla  rh  i«nr 

»  ©n' ■  ■■-- 


uni&n  aud  brv^tbcthooil,  Uie  fltat^  fifom 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Panifio,  w©  ha<l  8ome 
faint  coiupr^henaloQ  of  Gud'a  goiid  gift^ 
to  Uf,  A*  wo  g&rM  im  iUa^o  vast 
pfftiriea,  on  v^hoso  b^rdor**  nnuj  Keeiii'» 
to  hare  but  just  allt(bteil,  the  miiid'fl  eye 
oi»oried  ou  iby  muititirflca  who  aro  de^ 
iinod  tit  iuitor  in  tind  jmsi^esa  ihi^  land  f»f 
promise  prepared  for  limn  by  tbw  niii* 
wrsjil  Father^  lfk^%  must  ctirno  oiir 
eajiteni  iH?opb,  with  tbdr  dimntleas  en* 
torpri**€\  Ibtir  In  finite  jugentiity^  tijeir 
invt-ntive  y^iifnitn*,  Iheif  Puriiaii  aniior, 
tho  Bible  tind  the  ^cbixd-Wik,  and,  in 
tbeir  tnu*k,  to  be  tanght  and  nioubic^  by 
ihcin^  ihiJ-*t>  who  bovo  lw3«u  spoiled  of 
their  nfittirnl  ri^hU  ft^r  agos^  LTu^htd  un* 
dc?r  the  iron  h'ltjf  nf  despntiam'*.  to  siiind 
«ptM-t^  men  nmong  tncn^  and  l*?firn  the 
gltiriiin§  truth  annotnu-cd  79  years  a^, 
an d  n fj If  ye r  ^ w if*  d*gi4i^>  J l'  ia  a  « I Kirt 
and  pithy  crr«d. 

'*  Wo  hold  tlit-so  trtitiw  to  be  sclf-evi- 
dcnt:^ — That  all  men  nrLMTtnii©*!  iVise  and 
t*quHl;  Uitki  they  ar<>  end<m"t'J  by  tMr 
Creditor  with  ixTtaiii  inalieniibb>  rij^ht*; 
thai  atiionf?  tht^so  nri>  life,  J l hefty,  and 
the  por^nit  nrbrippmes^t," 

I  believe  that  iIk^  retk^ctlng  men  and 
wtmnja  of  our  cscnn?ion  party  felt,  aa 
they  newr  frit  befure,  ihck  gr*'at  mis^hin 
of  [ '  ! liiH  and  their ftdgbbon  who 

*\rLa  uot  aU  in?lns  to  the 

Was  I  in.  1 1  rhing  propberic  In 

tJio  i'xuhhfg  '   broke  Inrth,  the 

imrrafl  and  ih.  ., ,».  ...^  ijf  bat%  wbt^n  onr 
j«iriy,  ill  ibctr  arrow-like  progn^aiji^  first 
caiiLdil  KjL-'lir  i^f  e}»o  Mi^ii^iippi? 

^''  rie  of  thi-*  great  vttllej 

f»f  f  _  1,  which  amatly  jyo** 

w!5^es  the  last  pijynicid  acl»ievefiH?nt8and 
ri'Hult^  uf  {Hvilizrttitiit,  rntlrtim^  tel0- 
^rR]iU%  u*m.'iint:t^  mid  gnidighu  }  What 
intust  l^e  It*   fElt^  if  tbiviali'll^<*fu»il  nnd 


iry, 

4Mi  6i44tf«  the 

fii4|ti«tc^»  ^rs, 

1^  iMt  link  iu  Ul4i  L:li4ia  tlia,l  bihiU^  \a 


mural  d 

-.t  19  not  c«"               if  a 

%kb  til 

i     Wo  hn                 m 

knt»w  rliai  j: 

V    r,r    .;.    ;    ,    j  ri^  m« 

telli^eiTeo  ni^S 

.'  i't"-.il%  imd  of 

raising  rr    - 

,1    1^:    -ii'  ;  nivtvo 

till*  v»irr 

:*    ;i    1  1    .   !■  r.-   fllH* 

terial  ik.|  ..  . 

.      .  ,....iv   ■     ■    -.   'lie 

best  mi?D  ar  1I 

.    \\\-!.      I.  I                   -.n^ 

Miti;  ii:I.»[i^.    ari- 

.       :        .:'      ,V                            .-^f 

■       I      •'■    .'      1  ^    '    'It"'!  It^d 

Joi 

•  iii(:»riiv  j-lr   i»nly 
.:<  r*',i«.      It  phain^Oil, 

on 

■  '    n  the  ''Eaccnrdon 

Pa. 

,  tliat  t»na  of  it^ 

Vfr:.:        - 

<>4l  an  indanifial 

acliuui  Lh!;ro  waU  v^'^^V^^I^^^*^^^*^"^ 


sn 


The  Great  Bjxursim  to  th^  Fdli  of  SL  Antht^n^,  [S.pL 


of  JSO.OOO.  It  woa  given,  and  w©  trn»t 
tKis  is  an  indication  of  the  spirit  of  the 
West,  as  well  OS  of  the  liberality  of  the 
giver — tmt  ttf  the  dunor  s  religious  com- 
muniim,  and  willi  the  control  of  a 
Cfiri?»ti«Ei  whose  ehtmiit^s  ohh  no  sect, 

W(j  heard,^  through  our  whok  roat4S, 
ninch  tidk  of  fortumde  epeeidations,  arid 
almosHt  jncrediblo  iQaterial  developments ; 
but  we  &ho  heaid  better  tbingn.  One 
of  your  coutractors,  pointing  out  to  me 
n  new-h<jrn  town,  saicJ,  uat>atentatioualj\ 
^'^  I  have  made  them  a  f>rtserit  of  a  schtwi- 
hoiise,  aa  ^e  be^t  thing  1  conld  give 
thent."  1  afrej'wardi  heard  that  he  had 
also  provided  theiij  a  teacher.  Would 
thnt  each  town  had  a  like  benefactori 
and  that  each  emigrant  frt*rn  onr  in- 
structed Puritan  country  migpht  reaUze 
that  iie  had  mo'ro  precious  afcd  to  sow 
than  the  fine^st  of  the  wheat.  The  safety 
of  our  institations  depends  on  this  eon- 
viction  being  deeply  felt  and  widely 
spread.  It  ifl  not  a  little  leaven  that  will 
leaven  the  mass  of  foreign  jgnorjiEce  ac- 
cnjoulating  uj>oa  us  day  by  day,  and 
rsise  it  to  the  level  eLSsential  to  tlie  yjifety 
and  progress  of  a  demoeratic  reiJtiblic. 

Nor  h  it  a  little  of  tljat  charity  that 
enffereth  long  nnd  U  not  pulfed  up,  tlint 
will  bear  with  the  vices  springing  out  of 
that  ignorauee.  The  nations  of  the  old 
Avurld  have  floundered  on  through  ages 
of  daJ  knesa  lo  a  very  imperfect  and  par- 
tial civilisation.  The  few  have  been  in- 
Btr noted,  the  many  kept  in  brutish  ign<i- 
raaee.  We  have  begun  belter,  and,  by 
God  a  blessing,  we  will  end  belter* 
When  our  steamers  were  Iving  nt  St. 
Panl\  we  were  visited  by  a  young  lady 
who  was  sent  there  as  a  teaeher  (I  be- 
lieve by  Governor  Shide)  five  yeans  a^ro* 
8he  arrived  within  four  miles  ol  her  des^ 
tination,  and  was  told  there  was  no  such 
placi©  as  St*  Paurs,  But  the  young  New 
England  school  missionary  waa  not  t*)  l»e 
turned  back.  She  hirtd  iwo  Indian  girls 
to  row  her  to  the  pkce  that  had  been 
designaled  to  her  as  St.  Paul's*  SJae 
funud  there  two  white  families,  and  eight 
wltite  children.  Sbe  began  her  worfc^ 
and  now.  In  the  midst  of  that  bui^j  hive 
of  a  population  of  5,000  (it  may  be  0,000 
now — I  Hpeak  of  tJiree  weeks  si  nee  I),  abe 
has  a  large  board ing-schotil  I  Such  a 
f^iot  urges  X'i'<7^ptti^^  constancy,  and 
heroism  m  the  cause  oi  Western  educa- 
tion— education  in  the  broadest  sense  of 
ti*e  lerin.  Not  in  the  soIiOMldiouj^  only, 
hut  from  the  pnlpit,  in  the  iidmlnistra- 
tion  of  the  laws,  in  tlte  iield,  by  the  wny, 
atid^  above  ntl,  in  the  homes,  where  the 


fonnd&tJoua  of  moral  and  religtoua  edu- 
cation must  be  laid.    Yon  will  pardon 

this  long  eplsodo  on  a  subject  which 
forcea  itselt;  as  of  paramount  inteT««^t, 
upon  t!ie  mind  of  the  observer  of  the 
rapid  physical  development  of  the  West. 

You  lipsi,  my  dear  Mr*  BuUor^  the 
most  picturesque  part  of  our  ir&veU  by 
turning  back  at  Rock  island. 

Kone  of  tbat  hafjpy  company,  who 
thence  pur=tued  their  way  up  the  river, 
will  ever  forget  the  nitunent  when  our 
fine  steamer*,  their  bows  wreathed  with 
prairie  ilowera  and  evergreens,  left,  one 
after  the  oiher,  their  inoonuga  it  Book 
Inland,  and  imiled,  with  nroi^G  oq  their 
decks,  like  birds  by  Uieir  own  sung, 
lighted  by  th^  moun^  and  saluted  by  tlic! 
pay  fireworks  from  the  Old  Fort,  'With 
the  ttrst  morning,  came  clouds  and  rain 
and  cold  winds  j  but  we  found  tJitltered 
gazing  iK)sith»ns  oniside,  and  the  ele- 
ments could  nut  obsenra  our  pleasure, 
tiiongh  they  somewhat  damped  tlte  geo- 
erourt  reception  prepared  for  ns  by  tl*« 
hospitable  clLixeoi  of  Galena  And  Da* 
buune. 

We  were  amazed  at  the  crowds 
we  &aw  lining  the  shores,  and  the 
social  shouts  of  civilized   men,  at  t 
warehouses  and  Luge  hotels,  nnd  con- 
tinuous blocks  of  buildings,  where,  tut 
a  few  yeai*s  Evince,  was  beard  only  the 
yell  of  the  savage,  who  had  atealtliily 
crept  along  the   shf»re — tomaliawk    in 
hand,  in  queat  of  his  foe. 

We  commented  on  llicaa  Diirvels  lo 
one  another ;  but,  as  ilie  poor  lady  aaid, 
who  **ran**  her  head  against  a  tree, 
*'She  f^avv,  but  did  not  re^lix^  it;"  so  we 
fail  to  realize  the  miraculous  achiev*- 
ments  of  Eu*tern  enterprise  in  the  W«fHt. 
After  kiiving  Dubuque,  we  saw  no  more 
towni  ti(  magnitude  tiU  we  reached  our 
terminus  at  St.  PaulV  The  settler  had 
begnn  his  work;  bcit,  for  the  most  part. 
it  was  a  swltti>dt*— sind  what  a  bcaiiufnl 
»oiitn«ie!  1  cannot  de^ciibe  it.  1  am 
only  say  to  ihnse  who  huv&  not  seen  it, 
^'j^eeing,  mid  peeing  onlv\  i;;  believing/^ 
Tht!  celeb nityd  blutTs,  whieh  continno  m 
ever  varying  forms,  tor  sume  hundred* 
of  nule^  do  not  resemble  the  romunUc 
Iliglilands  of  our  Hudson:  lltey  h^eti 
small  ref^mbbnce  tn  the  chfts  on  the 
Hhine,  and  yet  they  remind  one  of  tha 
Ehine  mofo  thjm  of  the  ITud^orL  They 
are  uniqtie — they  have  no  hkeaieRs — Ihay 
dagnerreifty  pe  new  picture»oii  the  mindj 
they  Cidl  forth  frti^n  >•<  ■  '  ■cir 

images  cannot  ba  coiv  i^i- 

tion:  they  must  be  sec  in  uni  isi^v  iuat 


A^M^ 


Thf  Gnat  B^curMton  to  tht  FalU  of  Si.  Anf/wnjf, 


Mt 


|M  lj«vi§  oampl^t«il  th«  c!ida  i>f  rail- 
laid*  U^  tho  MlicUai|>pi,  the  fftsbionablt 
toor  will  be  in  ilm  truok  i>f  otir  happj 

IImv^aii^^  tij.,  fi.>(i;j  of  tliu  :.-  ,.^..ujiii, 
10  nuti  Lo»^^  will  b9  '*  lio  t  tor 

likeFft:  AntJumyl" 

There  b  a  riiriotH  divt^rfittjr  ui  tiie  form 

Iwtrj  attfcU«)«i,  Uko  the  Ii^irizoti  lino  td 
vttdi  an  EttTiem  ojre  i^  ooouAkMncd; 
«(Hvri  run  tip  to  iilmrp  poitit^  lilu  iha 
"^Ji/maZ/m  *'  uf    I  ha   Alp9  ;    and  6am« 

I^Bf«?riai  with  rich  priiirie  turff  gentla 
IttliviUes  or  slmii>  prccipioes  iho  hmg 
01^  Al>*oluU)ly  ilituiu^  with  Urn  vcr* 
iinitff  Jmie,  imil  hiiliiati(]yf>ri)l>ri>idor#d 
miih  llawefik,  w^ven  tiver  them,  Thf 
UiallK  ju  aome  points,  umko  thi^  sslnire  uf 
11m  rlv«r^  dii^u  they  recedis  k^ivinj^  m 
IfttxJ  for.  LifnuiHl  n|  k'Vcd  pralrit*.  T^jey 
m  |il*r  ta  thetr  suuiuntf),  with 

mite  Hi:,  i  trees  ti{  other  nite^lo^, 

ii  tkrwuiug,  ivith  Uh  love  of  imtiire  drid 
Uf  fOiilv  of  nru  iiiinht  hj^ve  p^aotad 
tbem:  cow  b  Lin^  tiBrpi^ntine  walks 
mi  now  iju  o<i^>M9^  and  tUcn.  ut  m  to 
tsTBT,  idor   |ut^r>\^mng    cdejir 

Iptoai,  Ifuni  of  th«  declivity, 

fftrinoifiif  [  "  lUllo  or* 

^afil.    Kid  ii  toiiM- 

timti  M«a  U-i).  '  i]iiidin|i^  cmo 

4  iIm  fo|{m«iiL-<  wnlU  on  the 

Bhfoi,  bof  itill,  ii..  .V  ,..1  Uflowii,  the 
Mtt*  bright  freon  turf.  ''^  If  w»  wi»re 
Ib  p«t  ii  tb«re«  and  tftatitn  it  d^iwti^^^  fiiiid 
i  practtol  obvervirr  fruni  qht  rockj  New 
ImJinil,  **  h  wanhl  not  »tay  T*  Burt  ho 
i«f|iee«i»gljr  b^aotifiil  rnar?ob  ofall^  ara 
lk»  imisiud  oitfilc^,  t-tr  rntficr  fournktiouA 


icutioi, ' 


«f  l»ieuhi  V. 
liiiiMiar  wh;. 
net  tbat  ). 
4«iii^f  whtT 
lime  maffu.. 


XfrMiK'' 


ImiiUef  j<Mifaie|ipiy  » 


iMii 


mtit  tUci  pin- 

of  Liniti  iLiid 

:  Uaiiut  you  with 

lafiittibi  fortreiad 

uiiooriioifKiily 

(»f  tbe  Xltta 

1  go  on  won*. 

that  pUnUd 

^^hisre  the 

j|»rd6tt 

^'vthefte 

var/iiijt 

H,   and 

id- 

..       cmII 

iud  ii  ''mtfro 

tUil  fi'^l    no 


»u   mdmirj-   grt^r.^iti    ouu    Kept 


Ihein.  They  have  the  fr^el)  impftia  a/ 
tlie  Ofeeti^r  ji  iiaud — 

*  nii  loT«  1  wmSk  of  a««t«B  tfiMirtil 

We  glided  along  peut  thiji  oncshaatiisg 
aoenervH,  tor  f^ur  day*  md  iH^hts  of  our 
Ub^^etl  ^cek,  niliid'^t  »UTLHtdriai  moon* 
light,  and  cliJUiJ!! ;  tmv2i  vartatti»n  i»f  th^ 
atintj^phere  i»erving  to  aild  ti  n^vv  elianij 
OP  reveal  a  new  h^i^iity.  Otir  li^ht  boaU 
ikj tinned  the  surface  of  tlie  water  like 
birds ;  and,  with  i\m  easo  and  gruo^  of 
bird*^  tht^y  dip[R^d  down  lo  the  ihore, 
and  tix^k  iipiht«irf*KKj,  their  flcrcy  throats 
devotiring  it  with  mjipveUoU!*  rapidity. 

Thcj  cofiiniodnns  of  our  ji^you^  little 
flcai,  Colouid  Mk^-over  h< soared  bo  hi* 
imintsl^-ntiade  every  iirrar>g**ni4jnt  U^  pn>- 
dnoo  the  greato»t  umoimt  of  qoinfort  and 
enjoy tnent.  No  raoloii  wxia  ijoniijtt'.'d. 
The  t*aiUi\g  wa«  m  ord^^red,  that  what 
we  aaw,  by  the  exciting  moi>nlightf  goio^ 
up,  WJL^  rodplendent,  in  the  full  light  of 
day,  coming  dowri;  and,  for  it  ^^emntnl 
aa  if  the  crbuda  eu-o [unrated  with  thi; 
benignant  Oominodiirei  what  wai  draped 
and  floflened  by  mi.tt,  in  our  aeeei^on, 
was  unveiled  and  d^Giied  in  ourd^iseeMt* 
The  boats,  at  the  approach  ot  evuuiug, 
were  lanhed  t^ig^ther  tn  allow  an  exten- 
iioa  of  aocml  inieriHinrac,  and  rhiU  were 
interoha^gt^d,  and  tlits  general  voiee  wan 
af  aituifactioiid  and  <*nJoynveuU  witlioat 
number*  The  lighith  ni  f»uf  parallel 
boata  atroamtd,  with  chariniug  elf la tits, 
upon  the  shores  of  Lak^  Pe[>in,  wh«^re 
the  river^  uubrokea  hf  inUnda,  ia  dre 
mile4  wide. 

Our  creattif^'-cKim forts  though  for  onee 
ttuWrdiaate  to  tt^e  hi»;hiir  wan  tit  of  otir 
nature,  were  iiiunLttceat'y  provided. 
Mortitng;  noon  and  nighty  a  table  waa 
aprca^l,  nuit  in  mo«t  of  ItAapr    '  :i 

and  supplied  would  have  do;  t 

our  iirst  dam  hoiela,  *nd  ili  ciniTocui>cL» 
wotdd  not  hAT«  dligraoed  a  Fivnch  ar* 
tJ4te  with  all  the  appHanoo^  and  meow 
of  a  French  cubiine.  Hy  what  ina^ 
art  itueh  leei,  iMpi,  mkt^,  and  pyrataJHcK 
TeUed  In  i^hower^  of  oftttdied  sug»r,  were 
ci^mpoended  in  thai  anialleat  of  t^pbeUn 
a  ntueitner «  kitehiiU,  h  a  tny^teiy  yet  to 
U«  iolvod.  Oafttidn  Ht^ri^honse  of  (be 
Lady  Franklin,  the  f>ttly  cs^immander  of 
whom  I  Clin  -spr^fik  fmm  T>*n«tmal  obetr- 
vatlnn,  pr  hflarti' 

oonteut,  ir  '  Wah^ 

ed  on  lit!  ihd  ML  were* 

dainty  U*k,  t  y, 

Aiif  Ur.  liuttcr,  w  vi^'  ua\  ^i^xl  Hk^^wqh 


Tke  Great  I^£cur&ion  to  ikt  Falh  of  St,  Anthony, 


with  tut  Yon  s  ha  (lid  have  aeen  that 
bendtifiil  tower  uf  8l  Piiara,  sitting  on 
its  fresh  hillside^  like  a  yanng  qneen  just 
emergi n g  tVi  ini  ber  m iiii iri t j,  Yo u ahtmld 
hftve  seen  the  gay  scrambling  at  our 
luiiding  tlierc,  tor  carnages  and  wagons, 
and  every  «;|>?cies  of  locomotive,  to  fake 
ns  toonrtermintta  at  Si,  Ar^thuny's  Falls* 
Yoa  didtild  have  eeen  bow^  disdamiog 
Itiinry  or  BUperfluliy,  we— «*>m©  atnnng 
us  accustomed  to  cosbioned  coaches  at 
home — couM  drive  merrily  over  the  prai- 
rie in  lutnher*wagrjns,  seated  on  rough 
boards,  YoQ  tilmnld  have  *een  the 
troupt  and  groups  scattered  uver  St.  An- 
thony^a  rocki  (what  a  prctoreaqae  do* 
main  ihe^^alnt  po**5ei^eij!)  andyoualiould 
have  w1tTie5yed  the  ceremony  performed 
wit! I  dignity  by  Colonel  Jithnson,  of 
mingling  tlie  water  takea  from  the  Atlan- 
tic at  Sandy  Hook^  &n^  iceek  hef&re^  with 
ihe  water  of  the  Misaissippi  \  and  there 
jmd  til  en  have  remembered  that,  but  three 
hunt! red  years  ai^o,  DeSotn,  after  months 
4jf  wandtrring  in  tracklea^  foreafs^  was  ilie 
firjit  European  discoverer  of  this  riven 
What  startling  facta  I  What  confunad- 
infT  contrasts  I 

Ton  have  so  longheen  a  Western  ex- 
plorer that  yon  may  have  for^mtten  the 
excitement  of  eeetng^  for  the  finit  time, 
plonghin^*  OQ  a  prairie.  In  returning 
from  St,  Anthony^g  to  St.  Panr^,  we  all 
ieft  onr  vebicle  to  follow  the  wbeeU 
plough  as  drawn  by  six  noble  o,Ten;  it 
cleared  the  tough  turf^  and  upheaved  it 
for  the  Qrsr  time  for  the  sun  and  the  band 
of  man  to  do  their  joint  fructifying  work 
upon  it.  The  oxen  (not  the  man)  look- 
ed like  the  natural  lords  of  the  soil  It 
was  the  subUme  of  plonshiag.  When 
will  our  Poet^  write  their  bucolics? 

Our  nest  mgbr,  and  hard  by  the 
plottghingt  wa-^  one  of  nritiire^s  perfect 
wor& — the  falls  of  the  Minnesota,  poeti- 
cally called  by  the  rndians,  Minnehaha — - 
Imighin^  ij^aler.  W\si  Bremer  says  they 
de^^erve  their  picture,  simg  and  tale^i. 
So  perfect  is  this  Fadl  in  Color;  in  form 
m  graceful,  m  finished^  that  hy  some 
mysteriotij^  accident  of  a^isooiation,  it 
brought  to  my  mind  at  onoe  the  Venus 
de  Medici.  The  laat  inriiilent  of  this 
day's  inoiit  pleasant  circuit,  wa^*  an  un- 
looked-for visit  to  tJietdd  brjrder  fortrc'st 
of  Fort  SneUirig.  We  were  rectsivtHl 
with  groat  kindness,  OoMrtesy  and  gal- 
lantry are  twin-virtu^»s  in  miiitary  life* 
The  fort  hu3  a  very  beanisful  posiitlon 
on  a  bbitf  fiverlnokingthe  mooting  of  tlie 
Minnei^otaand  lb©  Mi^ta^lppL  A  pretty 
lown  11  &i  helow  it.    Its  name,  Mendata^ 


meati^  the  meeiing  of  the  water*.  The 
inhabitimts  of  St  PaulS  with  the  un* 
stinteil  Western  hospitality  that  had 
everywhere  awaited  ua,  gave  a  ball  in 
the  evening  to  the  thau^and  excursionist^^ 
Unhappily,  long  prefatory  speeche!*  and 
the  punctual  departure  i»f  the  bo«ts  at 
11  p,M*,  cut  short  ita  hilarity* 

Before  we  reached  Rock  Island  on  our 
return,  our  entertainers*  g<?nero^ity  hav- 
ing grown  by  what  it  fed  on,  it  was 
anniJunGcd  to  ns  that  the  excui*8li*n  wag 
extended  tti  St.  Lou  id.  This  episode  it- 
self de-^erves  an  epic!  Some  of  our 
ct»tnpany  could  not  resist  the  in  vi ling 
aspect  of  the  beautiful  town  of  Davrni- 
port,  and  loitered  there  ii  day,  others 
pus  ted  off  by  rati,  via  La  Salle,  My  par* 
ty  preferred  tlio  liixariou*  and  dremny 
descent  of  the  Mi'^^i-jippi,  and  wifidirig 
amidst  its  islands  and  embroidered  shores, 
we  arrived  at  St.  I^^nls  at  dawn  on  Mon- 
day morning. 

St.  Lonis  wiib  its  <ild  Freacli  heart, 
and  thriving  young  limbs,  bjis  more  the 
air  of  a  great  and  eon^oli dated  capital 
than  any  other  city  of  the  West.  Ita 
future  destiny  may  be  augured  froni  the 
fact  tnat  in  1830  it  bad  but  1*3,000 
inhabitants— it  has  now  more  than 
100,000^^nd  that  lis  po^iti^m  u  within 
SOO  miles  of  the  centre  of  North  Aine- 
ncfl. 

Time  in  the  West  is  no  longer  tb€  old 
man  with  a  single  forelock,  iind  a  scythe 
in  his  hand,  lie  shonld  be  pain^erl  with 
the  emMems  of  PpL*ed,  construction  and 
cecumulation.  We  were  astonishfd  at 
the  shipping  at  the  wharves  of  St.  Lonla, 
at  its  t*>wering  warehon**e.%  brornl  ave- 
nues, brilliant  nhops^  and  beatilifnl  pri- 
vate residences.  And  there,  whoi^e  evt»* 
rjthing  is  living  and  stirring^ — and  there 
would  seem  to  be  no  place  for  the  dying, 
no  remembrance  of  tne  dead— -we  were 
shown  a  eetne I ery  (it  has  indi*»?d  few 
tenantj^)^  not  snrpasaed  by  Munnt  Au- 
burn, hardly  hy  (iretinwood.  We  were 
received  at  a  suburban  villa  where  its 
proprietor  lives  with  the  simplicify  of  a 
repablican  gentleman  in  the  mifUt  of  his 
1200  acrey  of  Park-land  ;  and  at  attother, 
adorned  ^vith  a  U*r raced  or  hanging  gar* 
den,  made  in  one  "f  those  di  mines  in  the 
land,  peculiar,  I  believe,  to  that  neighbor* 
booil,  and  there  designated  by  the  unhap* 
py  name  of  fiink,  Nu  wonder  that  tlie 
stTiiling  app^jlktion  of  dimple  should 
have  been  smrge^it^d  by  the  urbanity  of 
our  host,  who  weloouied  n»  to  a  tea- 
tiible  thfit  I  havci  never  eeen  equal fi-d  in 
Kew  Bngland,  wbor^  w©  Ituicy  wo  liav^ 


ISM.) 


Tkt  Ilktor^  of  a  CmrmpoUU, 


I 


I 


r 


it  l4j  exc«l  in  that  i>re- 
Perhfth*  wliai  ri»oni 
,  and  mo*t  nmu- 
L?  of  ttU  «btrtteira 
MJijr  the  oul^  mi»* 
I  i^ulv  u1i4tfld«  to 
>%    But 

-tj  «tat6  will  thru^ 
Hn^tT.  du<ia«  ol  iu  beht  0 lit 3^0 11^  are  op- 
yoitd  to  ft,  ahU  w(«  met  untl  laard  orio,  n 
"^yflBMIIiaiidoqiDetitj''  who  U  jaHtetiltr- 
lM^  ynih  iuri^  |irumUc%  {x^Utieal  Ufi\  and 
vno  hM  ib«  £aiieron«  boldnesa  t4>  Uirow 
!ttiii«df  is  uo  Aoila  Agniaflt   It — Gtxl 

dL  iMii  iraa^  to  v\y  own  p&rty.  a 
plM  tn  OOF  ^reat  n)iit«.     We 
'  tliam  what  hm  infulo  happj 
•vrr  jtiiii^ts  the  daj  thiit  Joseph 'i 
liMltftt  .fi  his  D^k  aiid  wept^— 

1l»   nt'r  a    reoepijou   fr^m    old 

itedv  b«ti<^  ftoeing  new  onet  who  had 
alwi^  til*  flavor  of  old  oaesi  And 
lai%t  ^1^^  day  adding  lonxa  varyiog 
fimwnifaifcoet  toiue  u«rw  pleasure,  wo 
lapii  <Kir  Ufft  Sunday  ac  Hiagara^  and 
mmt  oat  by  thosa  gli>riou«  and  titling 
iilM  bf   wMoli  W4»    bad  entered    the 

I>»  Ton  Mk  me  if  I  would  lire  in  liie 
Wiitr   J  anawar  without  hcsitiiijun,  110 1 


I  saw  nothing  tlit^r^  ai)  lovely  to  iny  eje 
as  the  hiU^idej^  the  deep,  narrow  vdleye, 
t\m  pUiir  liula  lakeft^  and  the  r«r^ 
iwall  river  of  oitr  own  Bert*hire*  But 
at  these  hearlh -atones  our  jiff^ectmns 
were  nurtured,  &nd  liere  in  onr  ceme- 
teries rest  and  are  reconied  our  holiejit 
t  teas  urea.  Besi<led,  the  old  troe  nproutct! 
from  a  stanb  hill  will  not  thrive  m  level 
groantl — ^be  it  ever  so  rich.  No,  Let 
tlio  young  go.  They  shiiuld.  They  do 
go  in  tn>op3  and  caravatis,  atid  in  the 
Yaat  prairies  of  the  vulley  of  the  ^[i>^i?Hii> 
pi  may  they  perfect  an  empire  of  whicli 
their  Puritan  Fathers  aow^d  the  Bee  ikon 
the  eold  oiiuat  of  the  Atkntic.  But  let 
them  remember  their  fkther*  were  proof 
against  ;)overty<  May  tbey  be  ag^nst 
richea! 

In  e^motaalon,  permit  me  to  wish  long 
life  and  happb&)s  t^  Messrs,  Fnrimm  and 
8h«0«Id,  and  their  cua^futorti  in  tbli^  tm- 
pTMedantod  hoapitaliry.  If  it  he  niorcj 
bledidd  to  give  than  to  receive^  what 
muBt  be  the  amount  of  tlieir  *tttiifac- 
tTOD  f  Was  aver  a  oompany  m  aa^em* 
bled  and  m  bleaaed  by  lu^avenly  m<\ 
earthly  ProTidenoe  I  Day  tinio  day,  and 
night,  proclairaed  their  enjoyment  from 
beginEii^g  to  end,  and  no  death^no 
Ulneii — Aodiaaiter. 


THE    HISTORY    OF    A    COSMOPOLITE. 


A  COSMOPOin  '^ 


lite  «r  ^irv  OftoMti^    (l«lftiti.J 

man  wbd^  >ut 

»fa^  Lo^avt.,  ...,».. M-M  .v.iv^ek 

%09isf*v     me.tijs     ^^  of    the 

•r  ^  "citi* 

at  •  lilch   bt 

m^ngmti^  to  be  ^;k*2l^^iy  *^:iti>rei'Cfl  £0  ih^ 
AA|^o«fia»»n  mind  by  thvt  iiiudl^ed 
"WmtA  whith  imint!diui<^Iy  (ullonrsi  Uia 
w*Mf*  ♦!  if*  Uie  title  of  th*^  txcx^Uwnt 


\%  my  dear  madam,   the 

1  '<*r 


At  present  we  Atnertcans  hare  a  Uttla 
sirtteb^  the  Greek  in  paying  eitizen  of 
the  United  States:  ''oitifen  of  tlic 
world''  19  but  a  step  farther* 

YiiU  would  pfof^ir  me  to  define  more 
briefly:   w^ll  then*     A  T'  ^"'    ^  ^ 

n  o  country  I  n  pur  tic  id  a  j ,  1 

ftolf  at  hom«3  in  alL     A.^  ..^  ,,*^.,^^   mm- 
lenrna  prijudie^,   be  as  eii&ily   adapt* 
hini^lf  to   tiiO   ma^t  varied   practice** 
While  he  wonld  pi^>*ibly  pri^ft-r  a  cent 
/ram    par    Uu   dinner    at    Vevour'a 
yet   he    ooiild,    on    a    pinoU,   rvconcile 
hiriiKlf   to    raw    U©ef*tenk?t    ta    Aby;« 
mnia,     tie  14  nevec  adt> 
tiling,  far  bo  loui  paid  \ 
ta  Ftaiidii    ulnt^   ITflS.     Uc 
hk  mannera,  fur  he  iisM  con^  i 


k 


1 Y I  '-'^''A.'i  *^   uur tutuviu  ii:i\,vs  v 


J    but 


Jtti 


J^  Islands.  He  Is  a<!<^n]pliali«d — a  bit 
of  an  unht  in  music,  pAtnting  and  1jI«- 
mtnfe — knowa  many  kngnages  iiretty 
well'-is  full  of  quaint  fresli  anecdote, 
and  odd  atoms  of  fact  oTerlooked  by  the 
clasa  of  romance  writers  fondly  ckUed 
hiatonans. 

But,  ID  forgetting  lib  preJQdioes,  he  is 
apt  to  forget  bis  principles :  in  becora- 
iagcostnopolitau,  h<i  generally  lose*  Ior# 
of  conn  try.  He  is  fjflssionatolj  addicted 
to  scandal;  and  serves  yon  up  a  cha- 
racter with  sauce  of  a  pleaaaot  tannest 
He  h  dlf^ posed  to  caricature — he  haa  an 
eyo  e45nsidcrablj  keener  for  faults  tTmn 
for  virtu 0!i:  he  ia  not  troubled  by  mo- 
desty: and  his  infacility  of  being  ham- 
bugged  has  begotten  in  him  a  too 
general  irreverence,  incredulousoess  and 
distrust*  He  re  vers  ea  our  common  law 
maxira,  and  inpposes  every  man  to  be 
guilty  until  lie  has  proved  him  to  b^ 
innocent  If  you  will  allow  me^  I  will 
illustrato  mj  remarks  by  some  paeaages 
in  the  life  of  Mr  Vincent  Nolte. 

This  excellent  American  was  a  Ger- 
man, born  in  Italy,  on  the  31at  of  N<j- 
vember,  177^.  On  tbo  first  page  of  hia 
autobiography,  ho  oouctpliments  his 
mother  on  bar  punctuality — ^she  having 
been  married  on  the  2Sd  of  February, 
He  til  en  men  dona  that  virtue  as  being 
oharact^jristic  of  bis  family.  He  is  con- 
vinced that  the  family  ia  of  Italian 
origin,  a  creed  wbicb  h©  predicates  upon 
the  fact  tbat  his  remoteat  genealogical 
reaearcbes  have  traced  them  ilistinctly  to 
Sweden.  He,  of  conrac,  found  no  support 
for  his  conviction  until  he  reached  his 
seventieth  year,  when  a  Hungarian  in- 
formed him  that,  m  the  days  of  Gostavoa 
Adolphua,  an  Italian  officer  in  the  Aus- 
trian s«?rvice,  bearing  the  name  of  Kolte, 
bad  flesertcd  to  the  camfj  of  the  lion  of 
the  North, 

Leghorn  is  the  city  which  clalma  the 
glory  of  his  birtli,  wliere  his  fatlier,  a 
Hamburgher,  was  partner  in  t!ie  house 
of  his  uncle,  Otto  Fmuck,  Bnt  wben 
Yincent  had  attained  the  age  of  nine 
year^  ih^  fauiily  went  homo  to  Ilitm' 
burgh,  where  *'  bo  lived  for  awhile  with 
a  senatorial  grandfatlier/^  Our  pbilojs^O' 
phor  never  neglects  any  dignity  wliich 
sheds,  however  Eabdueil,  a  lustre  upon 
himself  At  Hamburifh^  Vincent  waa 
bCnt  to  scbool  to  a  Jfcnoyman  called 
Oorif),  who  was  a  drnnken  old  pedagogue^ 
ifn  properly  fond  of  his  bousesi?€per;  a;ii 
indolent,  ignorant  man,  under  wiiom  tii^ 
boy  acquired  nothing  save  a  high  pro- 
fideney  in  the  acienoe  of  robbing  orchards 


and  vineyards.  It  only  took  algbtoeD 
months,  however,  to  render  him  an  adept 
in  this  predatory  ILfo ;  so  of  oourse  hh 
tima  wa«  nut  lost.  Papa  Folte,  a  calm, 
tmi  magi  native  man,  endowed  Mrlfb  an 
obese  eorreetnesi  of  deportment,  and  the 
Blow  German  capacity  of  being  tirkl^d 
by  a  joke,  aoon  took  Master  Vincent  to 
the  uncle  at  Leghorn,  Vincent^  on  ieav- 
lug  home,  had  a  Sunday  coat  of  crimson 
Bud  gold;  and  aa  this  happaned  ta  be 
the  Hambfjrgb  consnlar  uniform — Undo 
Ott*>  h^ing  consul — the  boy  availed  him- 
self of  carnival  to  go  to  the  tlieatre  in  a 
travestied  consular  uniform,  wb  tare  in  he 
caricatured  Uncle  Uito  to  the  delight  of 
the  author  of  his  being  and  the  u n par- 
do  d  i  ng  di  ignst  of  hii  ann  t. 

Then  Vincent  went  back  to  Hambui^h, 
was  intrusted  to  the  pedagogical  c^ire  of 
Gymnasiums— Professor  Karl  F,  Hip — 
and  astonished  tbat  eicallent  in  an  by 
learning  all  he  could  teach  in  a  prepoiite- 
roQfily  short  time.  But  soon  he  was 
aent  back  to  Italy  to  Unok  Otto,  to  ex- 
change Schiller  for  liquorice,  8i»ap,  orU 
brimstone  and  account-books.  It  was  a 
very  hard  ca*e,  hot  lie  worried  throti^^tj  it 
by  the  help  of  making  fon  of  Uncle  Otto, 
and  love  to  the  two  ballet  girls  who 
lived  opposite  the  livery  stables.  A 
alight  taiior^s  bill  for  one  yoar,  cuntaln- 
ing  the  items  of  twelve  coats  of  all 
colors,  and  twenty -two  pairs  of  &nmU 
clothes,  suggests  the  poaaihility  of  his 
being  addicted  to  dress.  Here  he  saw 
Bonaparte  for  the  first  time — "a  dimi- 
nutive, youthful -kicking  man,  of  pallid 
and  almost  yellow  hue,  whose  sleek,  yet 
black  hair,  like  that  of  the  T&llafHXicht^ 
Indians,  hung  down  over  both  cars; 
with  a  perpetual  imile  upon  the  lipa, 
and  cold,  nn  sympathising  eyes,**  Mo  rat 
was  with  him  in  hia  gorgeous  nniform^ 
and  Hulling  executioner  of  d^Engltien. 
Business  "waa  at  a  stand -still:  in  every 
piaJza  altars  were  erected,  top^wd  with 
a  statue  of  Liberty,  and  at  cv<?ry  daily 
parade  the  representatives,  Garat  and 
Balicetti,  made  speeches  to  the  soldiery. 
Uncle  Otto*fl  c-asbier  gave  Yineetit  what 
money  he  demanded,  which  wua  rjt?*idlly 
expended  at  a  time  when  his  most  serious 
occupation  waa  sketching  the  French 
Boldienr  in  the  street,  I  do  not  est^^Tti 
it  wonderful  that  when  the  hooks  worft 
made  npj  four  years  afterwardft,  a  dt*ticit 
of  sasty  thousand  peiza  waa  didoovofcd. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen,  Uoek  Otto  ?ont 
his  family  to  a  country  sen*  '»• 

rence,  neit  door  to  "V'ilb   :  ri* 

Kow,  in  this  viUa  lived  a  banker  and  hii 


M 


ISN.] 


Ths  Miitory  fsf  a  Cosmopoliti, 


a^7 


Jovflj  ^ugliter,  to  whom  Vmc^ent  at 
«aoR'm»d«  v)f>k(it  lovti ;  meaning  It^  he 
mys  *^  mere  paatinio ;  but  theyoiiog  lody 
took  U  Mrit>aiilv  to  h«irtj'^8<i  tlmt  at 
liic  til*  siiDibaa  m  wi-tiQ  to  hm  pftrunts 
oilTitioeitt,  who  lmd!trAr0«d  nc^iblii^  of 
lit  pfa4^a4on  at  U^gliom^  wa«  torn 
tvi^  fhinil  liift  pastime  atid  Bent  off  to 
Bmilnirgli*  This  w/u  tbe  residence  i*i 
ntiiT  of  tba  French  emkirM^  Tullojrniid 
wtAmmimam  d«  OenVrf^  Dtimourie^  and 
hoA  PhlBppe  w«r«  there,  and  the  joutig 
«!&*•  itist  fiy«4  on  for  a  }r^ar  or  two, 
HfliM  lietweeo  soi^lctjr,  invoices^  oewfl- 
M|kdf«  «|tiib- writings  cArlcntTiring  his 
nodt,  mud  play  1  tig  iri  pHf  alo  theat  Heals, 
Oli  Kott<0  ailed,  and  gpt  up  again  And 
loaUod  Ilia  «on  for  a  pfcsutnpttiDtis  atid 
m§wtA  Mi&w,  ThU  Hi  TiDc^nt  to 
fv^  Ifc  bli  tncccftDiiJo  booka,  whk^h  he 
llbr  ft  whik  wid  then  itarted  for 
to  h^n  tlie  pmctioe  of  their 


} 


On  bU  wa^  he  stjip?  at  Paris  l<»  have 
ttok  at  thi*  T:itiiM  fup.  lUKt  then  pro* 
lyflMd  at  '  <^  Oadoii4At, 

ic    80tsi«  ^  M>Ue*8aremH 

In  ba  fbnad  in  stmidcml  hhi^not;  a^ 
llal  00  hii  tSrtt  Imperial  rt^vicw,  Napo- 
bn^  iaofie  fell  down  m\i  rolled  with  hh 
fWir,  omTf»f»^*1y  m  iim  dint ',  or,  that  he 
ff»  hr^  '  nt,  above  all 

ttlBCQ  iL'^nc'e,  and  to 

twfrhinu ;  Mm} 

ttiM  €ocrr  !-d; 

I    Momm    Tft:Wi   l-UC     3'1*U    I'l      tlJL^     [K"itjjle 

nd  tlie  mlddk  ehi^.  imd  fpiVltlc^^  of  the 
iluf^B^  brcm^ii  i^nst  him ;  and  niatiy 
«tiiir  MMib  filfttl«r0<  And  then  he  gcic^a 
•  Wf  w«^  In  ^aftAj,  niid  rop3©a  circti- 
ttftof  >  d  and  m()1asKC>9  'm 

ib»  ^*  M.   iHAhoucht^re. 

0«  lia-K  '  fm^rid^,  thii 

tlMfi  r^,  the  Ifopw 

«1  ili*«  rjin4u<^  whii  l>ehcre  in  hm 
jUnTiw  aod  belln'To  irr!!.  Ff^p  b<*  drnwa 
ip  tOfdl  Clr  IriM 

thai  h* '  '  t  *  J  I  ■«  Lt  t  Lr :  1 1  J  r i  to  execu* 

ikm    a  i'»   N<5W   OHojiii*  with 

fewer*  or  niTiirncy,  an  fern*t  o^nt  tbr 
mmfsmi  tnarehaciu  and  for  Uavnir4 

had    onnrewiad    and    maH* 
t  Oevran!^  and  ^»t.>^^*',»u  had  con* 
Mrad  6pilii--lfiil  %•  tty  with 

rtmim^lM  m*drh«<r  >  rnv  an 

onnal  niib^  ^ni 

lad  B*id  uf  Oavran!,  vvar 

latweeo  ^^raoea  and  Cjrv&:  BriUia;  «U« 


ver  was  abaolut«ly  nm$m^  *  there  was 
DO  dilireF  hut  in  Mexico;  the  Bntisih 
crnkem  were  all  over  the  sen^  and  Na- 
poittcm  (ordered  Onvrard  to  find  a  mcani 
of  ft?ltmg  fch«j«©  dear  dullani  mf^  into 
Frauoe,  There  ihey  could  come  oidy  a§ 
pdvat*  proprty  under  a  nentra]  fliig — 
aay  the  American  Hag,  Be  Vincent 
KoUe  WM  .sent  over  to  become  an  Anieri- 
ean  dik&n^ — to  receive  llie  dollar*^  and 
to  Hhq*  tiiom  m  his  own  to  Francfi, 
Little  chongh  t  Nc  w  Orleans  of  its  nevr  citi* 
z^n,  fortho  citj  wiw  a  "nest  of  pirates." 
Belnche^  Latitia,  Dominique  and  othtra 
waltzed  tioldly  throogb  tue  etr^ets^  and 
the  wh^ile  pnptdation  was  btit  IfsOOO 
(now  about  IGi^OOO),  Onedaj^howov^er, 
Uioy  learned  that  a  ship  had  arrived 
from  Vera  Crux,  frcigbied  witli  |S00  - 
01H\  and  tlu^n  another  with  tJ5<3,OCKK 
and  then  another  with  $15<\0l^0 — and  all 
for  the  now  eitii?cn,  Vincent  Nnlt©  waa 
iii£tautly  li^cKl  to  dinner  by  the  most 
TMmtMbh  people*  He  went^  saw,  and 
oamatured.  then  he  p>t  the  yellow- 
fcvcr,  and  a  kind  friend,  one  S^achaHaft, 
told  him  he  ha<l  better  make  his  will  and 
die,  Xolte  ohstimitely  refused  to  do 
«ither«  and  fttiick  to  his  purp*ise.  ludeied, 
h(9  had  not  time  to  die,  for  Spain  had 
given  an  order  upon  Cuba  for  |700,OOD, 
which  he  mnst  live  to  collect.  The  fovtr 
lefl  him ;  he  went  to  Ctiba^ — talked  to  tho 
Gfovern or- General,  who  eaid  be  did  not 
tmdemtand  money  matters,  and  declined 
to  take  a  bribe ;  but  the  cashier-general, 
the  minister  of  finances,  under?- toud  the 
fitnner,  and  wai  particularly  incUued  to 
the  lattor,  Nohe  displayed  nclenee — 
dealt  ahunt  a  few  thousand  dollars,  and 
reoeived  a  eheek  upon  the  vici^roy  of 
Kejcico  f<>r  |0<d,OO0,  which  indudcd  in- 
terest. The  check  waM  paid  i  the  amount 
pent  to  France,  and  onr  cosmopolito 
started  fi>r  New  Orleans,  wlierc  he  wonld 
infallibly  have  arrived  bnt  for  a  liflle 
aoddent,  whi@h  will  b«  found  recorded 
In  the  next  parAfraph« 

He  wa§  wrecks!  on  th%  Tlorlda  reeft. 

It  appearvi,  m  far  aa  I  can  gather,  that 
the  cabtain  had  a  eocial  custorn  of  getting 
eicMaanirdy  drunk  In  comporiy  with  th« 
mate ;  the  comiiemieneci  of  which  wa»  that 
a  vU^rm  thr<^w  the  aliip  into  a  nautical 

fM*«ition,   of  W»   ^'^^l     r...,T.   r,^rrjit.,f  i!oO»nOt 

know  the  nil  zirs  to 

imve    lft»en  i  rtabk* 

r^jt  ns  i#y  <n  (h  the 

for««top*irAlln[i  itfl^and 

her  w<*aihiT'Tiitig  ujtkhippod.  The  re- 
i»T»lt  wan,  that  t^he  w^nl  to  Iha  boU^m^ 
whila  Holt*  wtini  \o  Avws  <sBi  %  riSL 


im 


..i*v  -v     ;'.c:uiff.  ithc  a  duel  irith 

i7- ::;!=:./  _.cu.  01'. i  arran^  prelimi- 
i.:cT  7  .  -^ijiiii  'Tiiii  Mr.  Shields, 
--n       .iijrii   ,".iL'ik?oa  came  furiously 

■VI  .-  ::;  _o:::£:iicii  .ind  puL  a  stop  to 
..    ..w.i5cinei::s.      'Jiie   re:isoa  for  the 

-irzvu  r  .cLiuQ  vss  "iiie  arrival  of  ll»« 
"'  z..  :-jt:i:    i'   :.>i  :iioa.Lii  of  the  Mis- 

■j^"  v^'  .i  -'j^izj'  'hA  battle  of  Xew 
-..-.::-  TLa  .'J:*riz  i')  ::ak4  p'uice.    Nolte 
-i^    .  -i.j    l:i:--  -es&cl  I.ai'iei  witlicot- 
--  „.  J ,.  1,  viiicii  Oli  Hickory  took 
.:.  -  -1=   .r*jj»'"v  ;ri5-     Kolii  haJ  a 
■  ...-  .r:::  ;;:«.  i  ^r.irii  le-j:,  be:,  as  he 
-  »'  .  li:  ..j:^  ;    .:'  -ci::^  a  fcisii  pard- 
.^  ..-    ■.::.:ti  Mr  ^ral'ineers dai; ibngltt 
^.-   .    nzip.     Ze  got  a  certiicaw  of 
-^  -  ■—    r:::  :lr  General,  and  :welw 
.  i    .     :  izd  :':r  his  cotton.    He  saw 
.  ■ '  -  -u : :  i^.:  Is  lying  behind  a  gankn 
_      icrD-.u:  ::  :hewayoflhelJriiidi 
.-i:.:.    izi  ±z  Irish  r«i2ieitt  oc 
:   _\  --...0  r-.n   i-viT.  gai'juuy  headed 
-.-ci.     Zj  '-Vari  Jaciion mike 
_    ••  ::^  .-ji:::iri  :o  Got.  Ciaibi;nie. 
--    .i:y   .:  tjj  ro  runuih  pow»iff 
.-.     U-.   ■■■■...:_  i^:_~   iu  appears,  he  oe 
:   ..-. —  ■  -■;.-  :;:tf  .ilnii^ihcT  God,  sir,  i: 
...  -  r-.".'^  Hie  pijVlerand  ballu^; 
•:■  .i.-.-.    l".l    -■:- .  >   ~:vir  head  off  sn*- 
t   ,      .■■.:::::..-.I  m:  J  ;ce  of  tliese  field; 
■■-.-.'    -vL-jr'--  :7..a  "ilie  Governor  diu 
.    -  :Lc  :auz.:::  .ns  uiiziediately. 
.•    -L-iiiiiir.L-.i   —    y-:v-  Orleans  until 
r  -  .  ■  •■  „ L- u.  !  Q  :  V  :: itr- :  iccoe  of  a  commer- 
•-.    ;>■,-,  .11  ,l:i   ^i-c:zi=z  to  understMu 
.  ._  1  J'.:  :i  ::Lav:aciiel  lie  concluded  to 
.-.::■-.'  Hv:  iiiil  iiy.isied.  millions; li*l 
."•..■..•:rt'i    j.na    r- die -led  u:an,  woman 

.■ :-i.  .-"lab'.j  Jaci?*.!!  and  Eilwiw 

.  .  ^i-n.  '.^iiCi  -T-o=.:  hi3  m-)neylik6* 

J     '..i.l   :.:i.:    :-L5    race    slap{»cd,  ^ 

..:.:>  ...::=.:,  "N  lack  spit  upon;  had 

•..1  :-.i  :::  mIis  :o  get  a  shot  at  one 

:  ■:!•::..  Aii.U'-.coeeded  in  getting  shot 

...    ...cr:    .m.l  Lad  linally  failed  aiMJ 

.^^.■.>       ..>a: ;  =:;r--:  rVi.rii   the  American  conti- 

. .  ^. ..      i..        .:.:,. "-/  ::>  rt:ir  pt:ir  nnder  nnfavoraWe 

,-.>*,    .5-       -  .-■  ■.:::iZJ,.n:x:<  :'  Va  few  weeks,  and  so  to 

-^  -:  ^  -■      -».  ^ :•. i  •  so  L' a^  k  :  :i : .  >  E urope  for  ever.    H^' 

■  jj.    ;;it:       .::i^i,  ■:'-'''Vv:ver.  viiired  that  province,  w't^ 

::c    ::ci^'c  brrii:;;     states    of   Asia  an^ 

....     Li  -.L^'      A-r:L".i,  '.iiii-'j^  t:Js  period.  For  instance, 

>^.-   ■*:::i       :c  Aaij  ::i  Paris  wi.'on  the  Allies  t::l'^<^ 

.:ivi  lakL-a      iiiii  auiir::  the  IIi:iulred  Days  (1815); 

. .  -u  -ica*      Ijti  •  :«'k  •*  a  Crip  to  Europe  "  in  1818,  to 

-.  -    ..  ..j;    -^iUtf-      ovorit.'ok  the  cori^rress  of  Aix;  a"*^^* 

.   *3.  ^.^  ie-      other  trip  in  ISiJ^rand  another  in  162*; 

.-.^    -  ..    -.iiuc  to      and  accumnlaied  in  that  time  biograpw- 

i..w  .V.  i.a.>  or  so,      cal  sketches  of  General  Jackson,  M^' 

.:c  .kJai.-*  of  ciie      Keller,  AViniield  Scott,  Mr.  Francia  B»r- 


o. 


IBM.J 


7^*  Ifuiortf  of  «   VmmnpoUtt, 


I 


li|^  Littit«  tho  ^^f^^T,  banker,  Chateau- 
IntMl,    Lftfti  m1     John    Quiury 

AdviiiA,  all  V  ]  ivc  portmh^^  nui 

Ml  to  writ«  llio   whuk  Uijigiuiuis  thk 

Lmi  |«fagra|ih,  Hn  Vincont  No]  to 
iliaihuiieiL  Uutt  Wi>rd  alnmt  Itia  wtiiie, 
Mforaln  wasfi  tomi  onti;  hcurumiaytliitig 
vii  »v«^l,  aii<1  wIrii  tie  Raufiii^  tu 
Iftw  drtrnfis  rtUhiiugh  jt  wrw  s^  iliu 
t^» '  Ml  on  o  f  t  h  e  Mjifi^  tii  s  *!  e 

U  very  culdij^'  rtsedvod. 

Ar  !    tiiLul   Attt'tii|4    tt>  flft^ntilt 

Mil  ^ ,  ho  )»lioi4  tho  Jii6|  froui 

•If  :    '       [  'A*tl  rur  Havre  i*j 

#*  dii'n*.     Btit  the 

^^  ji^iii  far  t«Hi  »i»totiilii* 

t}i  I    to    XT\\*l   him ;    ai^il 

iIl'  I  an  banker  iMj  pr*j' 

•*-  lur  a  II*?  ^\r  cuiiciTU  hi 

Ma?  ■  ^n'ij    lis.-    Ntt>rti*<    weru 

ymi  4'  .1,  Daly  di^ 

llr  u:k  Uj  PaFi>»  to  u>»6lilfit 

tk*  .*n.     Next  lit+   U'Car»i© 

wm^^wik'  %d  ii»  iikcta  nm\  ^abrea  lor 
laMtal  Srvfilt,  l.<*ii!»  PiiilipfM)*^  minis* 
Off  I  and  tloieotLd  a 

ii^  »iiifd  I'ur  a  dtbt 

a*  "    ,     Now,  by 

!•'  ^  no  (fovtrn- 

,»,  .^jii  ^o  ibo  *iurvcy- 
I  iken  frani  NtJiit.%  und 

-'■-'■■  .1.—,  1.-11,  :^,> 

i  TiiM 

It  *  ,, :  hb  iii- 

^'  to  J{onit»  t() 

'U  ri*r  tho  coll- 

blocks    Jfom    11  vo    to 

■  ;!■*   iinon   rjppnivrfi  of, 

•t. .  ,.       .^* 

jiiun^  und  cljjM.d 


oQfc  trir  weakly  Hiid  »e<jondly  for  love* 
h\\t\  »bi*  ftrodi»ct>d  lior  I^jvo,  n  tull,  ^trim^* 
U|fgt-i]  jiJiiMi*  Jriflhinan.  Thtn  Virircni, 
lindsng  m>thing  tl-o  to  do,  licrdine  the 
ii;;rLMit  Tor  ti  new  nmchint^  for  ertgniviinf 
riH'ilali,  and  went  lo  Kngli*nd  to  gtit  u 
intintli^f  U  I  here*  He  euiw  tho  Qiiot  n, 
ttnd  i-nxmvmtvii  lj(jr^  for  *^  ehw  v^  iis  jbtt- 
fLHticd,  and  waddW  like  adut-k/*  Ho 
live*]  ino^^t  intinmtely  with  Sir  Frundft 
Chantrvy,  nm\  other  men  of  geniuj*i»  Uc 
did  not  get  hi»  jmtcn!,  but  he  J  id  gt*t 
urfeHied,  Qtid  wm  kept  in  thtj  Qikvirs* 
Bench  Tnr  three  inonth^  nnd  a  buk^  ai 
til©  suit  of  Dnkc  Ohnrlca  of  Ilrun.-^wick. 

TJicn  Ihu  Grojit  Wt^torn  \\w>  Lo  ctoss 
tho  Atlantic^   unci    tlie  now   i^ntcrpmu 
l^mpted  onr  adventurer  i>noo   inoru  to 
the  Lni ted  Stares,     A  trcinaiul 
laiion  iri  cotton   fnilod,  uid  !  -n 

\\\  pris^in  at  New  Orleans.     Tin ■  vi«iii 

ti  Kc*w  Yi*rk,  and  formed  the  acfpnuut- 
niLoc  of  J^imcif  Gordon  tt^niTv.-t  .,,^1  b^- 
tunio  an  agent  for  Nidi  ;  and 

i^hen  iht*  United  8t;ittb  <  nt  to 

tuin,  Mi\  Vlnct-nt  Kolt*.;  went  tu  VVtip  o. 
in  that  City  of  tho  S<ia  was  ii  •ii;„'1»;  inr 
hiin  to  ili\  ?io  for  u  year  be  - 
njo-^t  jiovL-rty,  living  on  hivatl  ■ 
and  ftoijn  I  wbic»  whiili  lit  pio- 

cnriHl  l>y  i  „  Engl  is!  i  hiw  pii|  isr* 

into  1  tit H sin  lui  the  nionkA  of  I?an  trf>- 
rtMJzo.  Poor  fo<d,  mid  Viiict^nt^  piMjror 
^XHUpEition;  k't  us  iit\y^^  tho  Adriatic:, 
and  Nok  fortimo  in  Tfiefite,  Admra 
looked  Imppicr  ibere,  and  ho  obtained  a 
elerk^hiji,  hut  conltl  not  bear  inxwh  an- 
thority*  atitl  bo  left  that.  Then  he  ua» 
!*ent  diiwn  the  J>anutn3^  tn  the  liSaek  Sea 
iiTid  Oi i.  ^ ^  t  1 4  ( f'( *ilc!ct  a  debt  fn on  u  G 1  etk 
I  ore.  Ho  tntvtdkd  with 
I  J  and  WAS  »trif>pod  ,^tark 

naked  by  I  he  Iruniicr  l^olicc,  and  by  I  lie 
winjc  iiuthorilk^  ktjH  in  a  tianni'l  ni^'hl* 
l^own  lor  iwi*  dayi*^  and  then  alliiwiid  to 
cliftho  himrndf  and  go  m  jicaco.  How  ho 
did  by  inij^ndLTiCO  and  pcTWJV^ernnee  rob 
hut  the  dvbt;  bow  be  mot  witbac^miieal 
Yankee  fV.  "  '  '  '  !  ;  nnd  with  tlic 
tUnd   Ul^  Wilhain**;  liow 

\i^  went  lu  '  ...  I    VI   I,. T^ 

and  Sjcily,  and  - 


880 


The  Lost  One  Found. 


[Sept 


There  19  Dot  moch  left  for  Iiim  to  do 
now,  bat  to  look  on  at  the  RevolutioDS 
of  1848 ;  to  re-write  an  ancient  syRtem 
of  assurance ;  to  edit  for  a  few  months 
a  small,  ill-sapported  commercial 
paper  in  Hamborffh;  to  sketch  Lonis 
Philippe,  expose  Guizot,  ridicoTe  the 
grave  senators  of  Hamburgh,  and  write 
his  memoirs. 

Bat  his  wings  are  losing  their  power ; 
the  albatross  sweeps  no  more  wearilessly 
over  continents  and  oceans ;  the  eyes  are 
growing  doll,  the  flights  are  short  and 
paiDiU,  and  from  one  near  point  to 
another  and  so  back  and  forward,  back 
and  forward  until  the  end  shall  come. 
The  friends  of  his  youth  are  all  gone ; 
he  turns  from  the  dark  angel  who  is 
drawing  near,  and  looks  back  upon  the 
sunny  fields  and  the  empurpled  vine- 
yards; bat  no  bright  faces  woo  him 
there ;  no  loving  voices  greet  him ;  and 
perhaps,  God  knows,  let  us  hope  so,  per- 
haps tlicre  are  tears  in  the  eyes  of  the 
(»ld  cosmopolite,  and  long-forgotten  ten- 
dernesses renewing  their  youth  in  hia 
heart.  He  is  to-day  alone,  flattering  be- 
tween Hamburgh  and  Paris,  and  seventy- 
five  years  old. 

But  1  declare  that  this  American  Ger- 
man Italian,  who  has  been  a  merchant  in 
Marseilles  and  a  soldier  in  New  Orleans ; 
an  army  purveyor  in  Paris  and  a  machine 
agent  in  London ;  a  player  in  Hamburgh, 


and  author  in  Trieste ;  who  has  negoti- 
ated loans  in  Rome  and  caaght  green 
turtle  on  Bahama  Banks ;  who  has  deah 
with  monks  of  San  Lorenzo  and  GrecJct 
of  Odessa ;  who  has  sailed  in  a  goDdola 
and  a  flat-boat ;  who  has  dwelt  in  Stam- 
bonl  withoat  smoking  a  nargileb,  and  in 
Naples  withoat  seeing  the  snn ;  who  haa 
been  on  the  Florida  Reefs  and  in  the 
Queen's  Bench  prison,  and  has  had  a  anit 
in  chancery ;  who  has  seen  a  volcano  in 
Sicily,  and  felt  an  earthquake  in  Lonis- 
ville ;  who  is  equally  familiar  with  tlie 
Danube,  the  Seine,  and  the  Missisflimii; 
who  conspired  with  Biddle;  who  naa 
known  Napoleon,  James  Gordon  Bennett 
Queen  Victoria,  Gen.  Jackaon^  Admiral 
Coffin,  Ameriga  Yespuod,  Ohantrej, 
Louis  Philippe,  Mehemet  Ali,  JeflSBTson, 
Madame  de  Genlis,  Delarocbe,  Talieyrand, 
Lafayette,  Fulton,  Audubon,  Ferdinand 
of  Austria  and  Mr.  Oodman  of  MarUe- 
head,  Massachusetts;  who  can  paint, 
compose  music,  write  prose  and  Tene, 
combine  a  speculation,  make  love  to  a 
Lorette;  who  begins  his  autobiography 
with  a  joke  on  hb  mother  and  ends  it  by 
ridiculing  the  Senate  of  Hamburgh,  along 
whose  pages  pass  Presidents  and  Emper- 
ors and  Kings ;  merchants,  damea  lii^ 
and  low,  and  none  of  them  unscathedr— 
I  declare  I  say  that  this  man  ia  a 
Cosmopolite. 


THE    LOST    ONE    POUND. 

IJTY  child,  thy  mother's  soul  left  earth 
SL    Upon  thine  earliest  breath — 
A  soul  came  forth  from  God  by  Birth, 
A  soul  went  back  by  Death. 

0,  she  was  bright  and  beautiful  I 

And,  like  an  angel  fair, 
Did  bless  the  world  with  all  her  wealth 

Of  love,  and  hope,  and  prayer. 

Thou,  too,  art  bright  and  beautify. 

And  like  that  angel  fair ; 
Within  thine  eyes  I  see  that  world 

Of  love,  and  hope,  and  prayer. 

0,  loy  I  perchance  that  soul  ftx>m  Death 

Returned  again  in  Birth — 
Earth's  angel  spared  another  life 

To  bless  this  Darren  earth. 

O,  empty  heart !  ahe'a  near  me  yet; 

To  ner  it  hath  been  given 
To  live  two  loving  Uvea  on  earth* 

And  wear  two  orowna  in  heaven. 


THB   BDITOB    AT    LARGS. 


OtE  Cttto  0^$gmm  wom^hing  frt^  md 
«zp<lldirt— »  tort  of  generEl  dbtii- 
MSoi»  of  the  e^jtunal  persotiag^  m^r 
iimMd^t  thcmf  lil^  wanderittg  hiiher 
nd  tUslii£f  in  our  own  balloon — ^  t^Vm^ 
mi  flottdAg  through  the  Kpacions  r«alt09 
ullaiigiiifliion,  with  aot!ilug  to  gi]f4e  us 
bii  «iir  own  fri^e  wilt^  and  uothiDf  TJpOQ 
tlte  mxih  lo  Utnit  ua.  Wo  r%?el  in  the 
Btaty.  W0  tr^  iis  Mr.  Hoore^  that 
|Dod  Fo^l  ftod  had  maESf  woaM  say, 
'*|r«sl,  ilotioi»  aad/r^,"^  Wo  beAf  110 
dSioi.  Splice  Li  4  trifle  to  itt,  tnd  we 
vMldittt ««  ftKiti  pay  om-  addraflroa  to 
Hi*  lirfug  Bnddlm  in  T.k^siL  or  the 
TM^id^^k  and  |>^  <  PcUn, 

•  HOC     It  b  *i  ^  to   Hi 

ibfrt  w«  gOt  Of  wUiLt  we  fiay.  With  mt 
4te»dal  j^iiTii  Asd  A  itiTteb  of  the 
^OTildenti  we  are  read/  for  anTthing. 
^1  what  abaU  it  bef  BhaU  we  trim 
im  ttUa,  and  float  oxgt  the  Bouthern 
■lif  Bpicj  wiadi  blow  tbef«,  and  cool 
pmroa  ttfiiw  to  coirtor  th«tr  &e&h  {*Teon- 
iM  b  tit  m^fttr  §<m.  Nuttr-skmned 
fii||mwftji  leafi  fix>tn  pointcid  vftcks  into 
tW  parrlnf  mi  modest  waves;  Palm* 
ikamm  nod  Qffsr  tbe  ilqtitd  arena^  and 
\mUm  Qiicm  the  (swimming  jotLsU  a 
foortfy  and  r>*\a}  uW  \  DolpbiniL  with 
Mr  icaif  '  <>  tlie  hcralda  of 

tka  ipoft ;  T  r  .  ffotti  tboir  eonoh  - 

iUa  tlw  peak  to  charge,  and  the  wi^ 
mi  woii0t»i»  Babbalanja  ulu  on  high 
iltb  a  liolidaj  M^t  of  tappa  otnbroidered 
k  aaiofwl  grwaa^  aa  a  prtse  hr  the  vle- 
Hr  awintitterl 

Or  abaO  w^  ttddle  oar  d««ett  steed  t 
IW  jjM^m  mm  of  sand  vprcad  ont  before 
In  nkh  aft«r  rift  r&aea  In  amber  bi]]ow9 
Ite  iIm  hoQib  of  n—  — ''  H  nhall  deaire. 
lit  alMuloWB  ol  ad  Rameatti 

fin  larfilf  v^^  ^  -  .^  athwart  the 
mM  ocean.  Oam<?Ia  wUh  long  and 
Mabtd  oceki  Uke  the  pro  wt  of  the  ancient 
^ftliiiiw,  ateer  awilUy  acrn«s  the  plain, 
UMearaTBO'^  fleet4ike,  deElla  nlon^  Ihe 
bnao«t  and  tJ^  vaaJked  inmmlca  dr  the 
fymi^  ISill  aa  tiia  tbadowt  of  impret* 
ailla  tifiTaaiiii  lowarda  m  ju  wu  i^tiz«  t 
UmII  wa  Jemrntj  with  the  Ilowudji,  and 
Har  l^ntn  oot  the  Eaat  the  K^rei  of  the 

Tbm  ahm^  are  baxaar*  of  Damaaona 
f^  wmq/Aiot^,  Ooui  Intenort  filled  with 
art  ifieae  and  tiob  brocade*,  Qmvn 
minilianta  there  ant  tn  talk  to,  in  ten- 
» thai  Utiafc  in  a  tea  of  pau#ei,  and 

laaii^ilty  to  inhak;  Ihroqgfi  whoea 


alnnofiia  tube  the  tobaa<?o  of  Lebaaon 
conraea  Into  the  lungs,  and  to  tbrilb  with 

a  f^rilm  delight  all  the  interior  being. 
Marble  floors,  acroaa  which  flit  in  gif 
garments  the  doaky  slaves;  trembljn|eof 
toon  tain  9  on  the  air,  iJiat  loll  the  j'pirit 
like  the  oon  tin  nous,  yet  broken  chorda 
of  the  i&olhn  hirp;  scent  of  m>rtle§ 
that  ete^  like  the  sweet  enfranohlied 
«otjl  of  some  eipired  flower  tlirongh  the 
halk,  as  if  unJEnowing  where  to  rest; 
while  without,  the  boiy  onea  ohafFer,  and 
bargain,  and  pasa  to  and  fro^  and  w#  lie 
tranced  too  fkr  within^  to  be  diwtrfw^ted 
with  thotr  moneyed  talk,  Speak !  slval! 
we  join  him  who  ate  of  tlie  wondrouii 
weed  hasheesh,  and  dream  the  day  a  away 
in  wild  foreshadowingsof  (he  ftitnref  ' 

The  present  time,  say  yon^  O  Dimoat 
the  preeent  time  and  preaeni  plaee  is  tUat 
on  which  yoa  love  to  Linger r  Broadway 
is  more  to  yon  than  the  painted  alley  a  f>f 
Damaae  oa.  The  su  rf  i hat  b  n  r.'^t*  on  V<^n  oy 
Island  yon  affect  mort*  readily  Ihaii  those 
cool  eofes  In  which  Milvllle  and  Fay- 
a  way  performed  tlicir  r»Atntory  cjtpknto. 
The  Pyramids  are  as  di^  heaps  in  your 
«tiglit|  when  compared  witli  tlie  Croion 
rcaervoir,  and  we  doubt  not  but  the 
llowa<yi  wonld  sWf>OD  grac^ftfutly,  if  he 
heard  of  yonr  i*rcfercnce  for  t!ie  Jjong 
leJand  plaina  abovu  the  de^rt.  Nay, 
yon  are  even  bold  enough  to  say  that  the 
four  cent  Nortegsa  of  which  yon  coo- 
■ttme  lef eral  eaen  day^  are  mnoh  to  b« 
pfeferred  before  the  water-purlfled  flimea 
of  the  Syrian  weed. 

We  hav«  a  respect  for  yon,  O  Dimea, 
and  an  admlratkm  for  yoar  famUy.  We 
know  tbi  aaoleiil  aad  diatlngniihed 
aneeatiy  fHnn  wboea  dost  the  roota  of 
vonr  genoalogieal  tree  are  nonriahod, 
we  reoofiiiio  and  are  gratclhl  for  what 
the  Dimeii^  have  done  fof  mr  Conntry, 
and  thenifbra  hi  tt^  that  we  haaten  w 
gratify  your  du^iro  and  atrlTe  to  eonflna 
our  rainbie*  withiji  jonr  favorite  limlta* 
We  will  fiend  our  dWrt  uteed  back  la 
hie  stable  nnJ  hla  oatA--<andor  enmpala 
tia  to  aft  ml  t  that  he  was  hired  from  a 
IWery  man  for  tha  oeeaalon — we  will  All 
our  cA«Kx  with  your  fonr  cent  KoHegai| and 
tMjnuign  our  renian  water- pi jie  badt  lo 
the  har-ri:K)m  from  whicfi  we  l»orfowaii 
it ;  and  If  we  bathe,  we  will  cnilt^ATor  la 
fbmt  Typcct,  and  dnuun  of  Uobokaa, 

Whera  thai J  w«  gck  and  what  iliall «» 
talk  abijut,  O  Dlmea  f  Wa  iBe%  ^fmtmwlk 
with  the  dealra  of  ^ 


The  Editor  ui  Jmt^^, 


and  improving  yoor  morak;  We  long  to 
be  A  virlBoms  Asmodeua  to  your  l>on  Cleo* 
faa,  aod  float  with  you  over  ciliea,  and 
study  mankiDd  ibr  yoor  especml  ©difitju- 
tion.  Wbat  hous#  shall  we  uorooff 
WliAt  heart  shall  wo  nnvell?  Of  what 
sK^ridal  fihall  we  gossip!  There  h  a  Une 
Oeid  opened  to  our  inspection  in  Wall 
street,  just  now.  Panics,  fata!  m  the 
Satisar  wind,  rush  to  and  fro,  aod  at  their 
icy  breath  colossal  sp^uklors  cruuihle 
into  dust.  Friend  eyt^  iiifcnd  askaTjce* 
Etoiskholdera  are  insuked  on  change  by 
tnipicioui  inquiries  a^  to  the  voJidity 
of  the  sec  ari ties  offered  for  sole,  Mer* 
chautfl  haat^Q  to  their  lawyers,  and  make 
preparationB  for  getting  out  the  first 
judgment  against  houses  rumored  to 
be  sliaky.  Directors  of  Companies  sit 
trembling  in  their  offices,  a  wailing  the 
awful  reports  of  comtnittees  on  their 
booke,  which  fihall  disclose  unheard-of 
hyptitbecattona.  And  a  monrnfid  but 
\W\^  picture  rises  up  before  us  of  a 
lonely,  conscience-Ktnckea  man  speeding 
a wiiy  through  Canadian  foresr-i,  while  in 
his  (*Ara  ring  the  execrations  of  the  iiml' 
titude  whom  his*  recklessness  has  ruined, 
A  Her  all,  ihe  di^^honest  man  must  be 
pitied  rather  than  persecuted.  What  fu- 
ture is  left  for  that  unhappy  director  of 
the  Kew  Haven  Euilroatl  \  We  will  sni>- 
pose  that  he  has  managed  to  take  titty  or 
a  hundred  iliousand  dollars  away  with 
him  ;  where  can  he  enjoy  it?  lie  rushes 
oft'i  say  to  Algiers ;  f)urchajses  a  house, 
changes  hia  name,  and  determines  to  tor- 
get  the  past  aDil  be  happy.  He  cau 
never  escape  from  his  memory  and  his 
fears.  Ills  door  never  opens  to  a  vi:sitor 
without  enuring  him  a  throb  of  terror, 
leat  it  may  be  some  avenging  creditor  on 
his  u*ack,  A  ship  neyer  arrives,  no 
matter  from  what  j>ort,  that  he  is  not  ir- 
resistibly impelled  to  read  tlio  pasienger 
list,  racked  all  the  while  with  hideous 
suspense,  and  relieved  only  when  ho  finds 
00  name  that  he  knows  in  the  record. 
This  continual  bronding  over  one  subject 
soon  preys  upon  his  health.  Even  the 
inhabttants of  tl^e  town«  who  only  know 
him  as  a  Mr.  Smith  in  easy  circumstjin- 
cea,  gather  by  some  subtle  magnetic 
penetration^  t!ie  diio  con^oiousnesa  tliat 
he  is  not  all  right.  They  sea  hirn  walk- 
ing along  the  fehady  side  of  the  street, 
his  back  bent,  andhissteiia  nndocided 
and  irregular.  Uis  head  is  hi j wed  and  his 
«yi&  are  never  siilL  Restkssly  they  iseck 
the  eouutenaace  t»f  ©very  psis>er*hy,  aro 
dxed  for  a  moment,  and  then  withdrawn. 
Ma  8t&p  rounds  behind  hiiB,  you  notloo 


a  sudden  contraction  of  the  hedj,  at  if 

shrinking  Jroni  some  invisible  touch.  The 
head  is  partial Ij  raised  with  an  inteni^ 
erpre^slfin  of  watchfulneai ;  then,  as  if  in> 
longer  able  to  control  his  terrible  eariosf- 
t7|  he  gives  a  rapid  glance  over  hi^  ehoul* 
dap,  seea  ua  one  but  a  French  soldier, 
and  with  a  faint  sigh  of  relief  resumes 
bis  walk.  Some  day,  however,  when  he 
has  grown  very  grey,  and  haa  almost  be- 
gun to  charm  bis  conscience  into  a  deep, 
with  the  belief  that  he  10  f6r  ever  fiafe 
from  recognition,  Trimmios  of  Wall 
street  suddenly  passes  him,  K>oks  round 
after  him,  ©vjocee  a  perfect  reool  lee  Eton 
of  him,  but  does  not  how,  nor  say  **  How 
are  your  The  poor  defaulter  returns 
home  in  an  agony.  He  knows  that  Trim - 
mins  will  tell  every  one  the  particulars  of 
his  past  life,  and  all  the  lit  tie  local  friend- 
sbipd  he  was  just  beginning  to  form  will 
bent  tL  rl  y  dest  roved ,  Tri  mmi  ns  dee*  tell 
<neryb(HJy  the  history  of  the  atipposed 
Mr.  Smith.  Trimmina  having  left  New 
York  himi«elf  in  rather  a  hasty  manner, 
owinj^  to  the  peculiar  style  in  which  ha 
ket^t  his  accounts  when  cashier  of  the 
Oroton  Bank,  is,  ol  course,  merciless  to 
the  guilty  Smith*  TrimmLins^  defaulted 
only  for  a  hundred  thousand  dollars; 
while  Smith  over-Issued  three  millions 
of  stock.  Oonsequentlj,  by  compari' 
son,  Trinimins  looks  upon  himself  as 
innoceuce  itself*  and  his  little  peculation 
as  positively  virtuuuSf  when  contrasted 
with  Sndtli  s  monstrous  &fyp.  Beside?, 
Tritnmins  don^t  intend  Ut  stay  in  Algiers 
He  is  merely  pa;t^!Dg  through,  and  as  he 
has  got  tlie  start  of  ui©  New  York  paper*, 
he  gratjfi(»3  himself  by  being  ftjr  a  while 
a  virtuous  swaggerer^  and  critahes  po^r 
Smithes  reputation  witl>  the  same  ferocity » 
that  a  wtiman  of  elightly  douhtftil  reputa- 
tion simulates,  and  perhaps  feeK  towards 
gome  poor  girl,  who  baa  not  had  the 
same  prndeuce  in  concealing  the  evi- 
dences of  her  wickedness.  Thus  Smith 
discovers  that  in  the  nineteenth  century 
t!iere  Is  no  ccmcealment  for  the  criminal. 
Tc*o  old  to  pitch  his  tent  elsewhere, 
avoided  by  etcry  one  and  worn  out  with 
remorse,  Bmltli  at  last  diea^  and — — 

A  lesson  for  yon,  0  Dimes  I  when  In 
course  of  time  you  become  a  director  of 
the  Nebraska  Hail  road  I 

But  let  us  k'uve  the  region  of  dollar^^ 
and  hypothecated  iti>ck^.  Let  us  fly 
from  that  dtfimlting street;  let  usts&ehcw 
bankers  mid  direetnrs,  bulls  and  bt^rs, 
and  hover  over  some  lighter  and  ftiof* 
irraci;fa]  topic,  Thore^  the  opcjuf 
Pimes,  thou  Apollo  of  the  bose^^  due» 


1854.1 


The  itc/ilor  at  Large. 


333 


I 


• 


BOi  U)jr  lieait  beat »  sort  of  overture  of 
iilkbt  ti  the  vcry«n  ■  !    *  *  he  word  t 
Ml  ron  HIT,  In  iliai  ■  kadais^i- 

fil    mimuw   wbidi    y...    ...  ,.c    kiiow 

how  Id  nttiiag« ;  aht  dear  ddiglitM 
ifltor  Flace,  bow  chftrming  it  wii9. 
Wbat  bafipy,  li^ppy  hourTi  did  I  »pend 
there,  iMtfmsbing  vvitU  DoriixettiHr  iVitt* 
ISf  Willi  RcNsUii,  tremMiTif!:  with  Momr:^ 
falMMtl  with  Verdj^  Tni'ifi^  Betiedcjitt, 
Biaaki»BeI«-:ti— >niLttiC5  ilmt,  i^pcll^iiki^f  lmih- 
ttp  vi^iooii  tif  pu^t  deli^hb  i  Wlmt 
little  boxod,  wli^it  enehjinting 
what  no<3s  and  betika  mid 
vlMbad  •milo^  Aew  across  tbe  little 
teM  in  wbich  everyUudv  knew  tivi^rj'- 
Mbft    It  wan  h^veuly,  i  t^ll  >oii  I 

mt  llio«a  times  are  pa^t  iil^w,  and  tfi^ 
iM  Aj^or  i«  gmiQ  with  them,  aad  in  iu 
|laoe  ft  tfibeQi^d  edifice  has  stirung  itito 
oliceao^  farther  op,  WtJ  etirmot  vc^ti- 
tnm  to  predict  the  eocoeae  of  the  Fotir- 
latfitit  ttrect  opom  house,  bec>aa$e  to  be 
with  an  opera  enterpri*!*  ap- 
to  W  a»  unlucky'  for  thuae  con- 
m  It  was  to  bo  tho  owner  of  llie 
,  or  to  httvo  ri  pkce  of  T bo- 
lam  goiil  In  on^^A  pucki'L 

Bia  ai^  rou^  Dlince^  thar,  i»ol  wit1i»Und* 
ia|  an  thoao  terrible  t.iilnrc^  opcrn 
naasan  amar  to  bo  ii  Ui riving  riiJ>e  I 
Tbere^a  taa  miraelol  The  opera  mim* 
ms  in  the  doll  Kiiaon  rush 64  otT  to 
Earo|Mi  to  engage  a  trou(>o.  He  ha^^  jfiAt 
beta  uttaHjr  r"med  b>  iiii*  lust  -^pccida* 
wo  find  !ii]:i  tsikin^  a  first  cbsa 
OCL  a  Cutiiink'r*  aud 

hi-  :   And   Gvi^^enhiiU 

'awcy  iliil'  at  d  I ! : :  '  u  t:;  r  h  e  h  a^  bc%'  n 
"  ft  ecitsple  fjf  [i  !■:<  (-,  LfidcfimUs  rii- 
Hkri  rvft^i  iiA  ibjuu^h  tin.*  tnc^diuin  of 
IIm  pnei^  of  t!ie  i:ri?4it  ttun/:^  tliitl  he 
hai  iMiefi  dobt;;  thu  wondf^rfiil  nrti^ti 
ki  Iwi  «ogii^r^f  tb<»  ex  trai ordinary  »tra- 
h«  was  obliged  u*  rcmrt  to  in 
io  ei^coiiiTent  rWal  impresarios^ 
Hlo  wmnted  to  obtain  pcHMsadoa  of  tbo 
mlll^pii^  (irimfl  donnti  agaolalOi  Big* 
ami  CbkziztYmU  ^"^'"  'I  '*  T^iirm  San 
MSea.  It  l#  aU«>  !  m 

eWieaid  f^>  i^^iv  ^ua 

vbart  W  i^fi  i«Htd  iijiiiir)^  Ujo  [riiblic  is 
aol  tnlurmiHl.  Wdifln  a  m^cuh  or  lo, 
Ihabrakisii  down  aud  binkripl  riiiiuiiger 
fitema  f^r  ftf4?arnHr  in  r^^t^  v*'r>  1***^1 
Wth    :    '  !  by 

Bal    at  i^T-;  '  b(9 


^    iofftrwl 


ing  priwj^^ctna  of  lb©  enfning  s^astm. 
There  are  at  lesst  two  dozen  new  optjraa, 
never  ptfrlormt^d  rn  this  ooontryj  tiiat 
are  to  m  pnidiLoed  tthi^ost  itiitiiQdiat(.dy<, 
'*  with  new  wenery,  cotittiirnes  and  dt'co- 
rntions,  at  an  expense  of  s^y«5ra1  inillioni 
of  dolbri.*'  The  public  h  on  tbe  tip-t4>« 
of  ejipeetatiun*  and  evi^ry  one  talks 
abt>nt  tho  goud  lirue  condti^,  and  eirory 
on©  feels  a  sort  of  mental  showor  bath, 
when  Ui  Sfjtmambula  h  announced  fur 
tb^  firbl  night.  And  La  Son  nam  hula 
it  i8,  through  ilio  whole  Eea^n,  with 
perhaps  a  sliglit  sprinkhng  of  La- 
eia  just  to  freshen  the  people  up  a 
little.  But  they  go^  notwi  lb  stand  lug, 
with  a  good  rmrnred  pertimicity  worthy 
of  all  prjii^e,  and  listen  lx>  the  ehorn»i«a 
they  know  by  heart,  nnd  tijo  solos  they 
could  Bng  in  tlieir  aleepi  With  a  sort  of 
trti siting  confidence  that  Ibo  mana^*r 
will  perforin  his  promises  yet,  Tlio 
Bem&u  draws  to  a  oltise.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  of  the  hoase  having  bMft 
full  nearly  every  niglit,  it  is  whi«p«fei 
dolefully,  that  the  manager,  poor  fellow, 
h  tigiyn  riiiued.  One  or  two  of  tli« 
ohitff  artl>t.4  get  suddeoly  indisposed  00 
the  evening  of  the  performance,  and  tha 
tIckeiH  ore  returned.  It  leaks  out  buw* 
ever^  tbtit  the  real  causo  was  a  rub eH ion 
on  tho  part  of  the  tt^nor,  who  wivs  owml 
three  week4%alary,  and  who  p-^reiupto- 
rily  refn:ied  to  Mng  until  ha  waa  paid. 
Every  one  pities  the  poor  bankrupt 
nnifingt^rf  anri  when  it  is  aunou'jeed  on 
tlie  bdh^  that^  aa  a  clo!»e  to  tJie  Kea^ou 
and  a  ebaiico  for  the  imj^r^ario  to  re- 
deem himself,  the  tJrand  Opera  of  *'  The 
Titan*  "  wdl  be  ptlkIuc^kI,  *'^  wil!i  new 
and  appropriates  sc^iivry,  maxnifleent 
costumes,  nod  gorgiootta  efrccts  at  an  es- 
pen^e  of — Heavt*n  knows  how  many — 
Uionsands  of  doUart^^*  the  public,  one 
and  id),  derormine  to  Mipp*>rt  the  enter* 
prising  manager*  ^*  The  Titans  "  h  |iro- 
dticcd  — tlje  toenery  l*n*t  mueb,  certainly, 
fur  ^nanagare  here  aeem  to  labor  nnder 
an  impres>»ion  tbat^  as  long  aa  the 
foeuery  in  **  n«w''  it  doe*  not  mattif  Id 

the  Iciiai  about  St**  hi'urj  a' 1    -futd  the 

hou^  U  iiiind  mg\\\ 

catiiin.     After  a  t.^  -r 

twelve  nights^  the  jujbhi^  i'*  <<  • 

hear  tltai  tlio  mami^^er  1*0^'  ^ 

and   lbt5   o|jera  no  tmtrb,      I  h 

have  not  hivn  pab|  th^'ir   i^r.  1 

titei  ' 

del.- 

in  tf/-*'.M.  'I 

itiHft  k';. 

jiarattou  i'  I  1-'  1.*. ..<,.,  -LL.y  Lj  1-.*  ...*,  ^iAi* 


tS4 


TO*  Ediior  of  Lai*^i, 


[S«pt 


giuil  courttrj  Imti^  on  tlie  llutboi^ 
wJjere  he  eujoyii  every  luxury  that  m^i- 
uey  call  give  hicu.  Aft^r  &  |>3ei»ant  rest, 
bo  fttarld  again  for  Europe^  pay*  mora 
prodigioQB  9Qma  of  inoii^j,  returns  with 
anDiher  brilliant  troupe  of  artiats,  'VmaB- 
ages  agam,  and  ia  ag^o  undone/* 

How,  neither  of  u^  Dime^,  has  any 
Cpl|j«otion  whaterer  to  an  impresario 
BMUCiDf  hii  fortune,  but  he  really  inui^t 
not  m&ke  it  at  the  expense  of  tb#  public. 
As  long  as  he  gives  ns  an  equivalent  for 
oar  money  we  do  not  care  if  he  pockets 
what  13  over.  He  baa  a  right  to  bo  well 
paid  for  his  trouble,  and  we  ara  willing 
ta  pay  him.  But  we  do  hope  that  when 
our  Acudainy  of  Husic  does  open,  ibat 
Wis  shall  seo  operas  produced  tticro  in  a 
differ eiit  style  from  those  wretchisd 
tiilngvmechfiDiually  speaking,  that  were 
|»almed  off  ob  the  pnhUc  at  Kiblo's  and 
Qastle  Gardfn  iMt  season.  Who  does 
not  raintniber  the  one  oak4ree  at  the 
old  Astor  Place  Hoose?  Ko  matter 
what  was  the  opera,  that  inevitable  tree 
made  its  appearance.  It  shade c]  Korma 
or  concealed  Donna  K!vira  with  equal 
indifferenoe.  It  represented  a  forest  or 
a  garden  with  the  same  audacity,  and 
yet  every  opera-goer  was  familiar  with 
evi*ry  paiQttd  turrow  ou  ita  canvas 
trunk.  We  have  had  quite  enonijfk  of 
this  sort  of  thing,  Dimea.  Ma^t  of  ua 
have  sieen  tbe  great  European  tlicatre:?, 
and  know  how  things  are  matiaged  there. 
There  are  plenty  of  cnpabilittcs  in  our 
fhture  Academy  of  Music  for  the  produc* 
tion  of  any  opera  on  a  suitable  scale. 
The  stage,  alUtough  not  as  deep  aa  it 
miglit  be,  is  amply  large  enough  for 
soeuie  effects,  and  in  interior  beauty  of 
form,  we  do  nat  thiuk  it  will  he  surpassed 
by  any  tlieatrc  in  the  world,  A  good  Ci>ra- 
piirjy,  a  trained  orch^tra,  a  coiLscientioos 
matJiigenifint,  prices  not  too  low,  and  you, 
Dimca,  in  the  boxes,  with  your  velvet 
waiJslcoat  and  opal  buttons^  ^^-e  all^we 
lack  to  make  the  Fourteenth  street 
Opvra  House  a  permanent  success. 

But  why  that  ejcclamation,  Dimes? 
What  is  it  that  so  interests  you  t  Ah !  that 
ia  It  I  Yea  I  it  is  very  prettily  got  up. 
*'  Ooizena's  Wine-pre«s.'*  We  know  the 
clever  editor,  tbe  most  gjnritud  of  wine 
werchuut^.  It  wm  a  graceiiil  thought^ 
worthy  of  hirn,  to  throw,  as  it  were,  a 
veil  of  (>oetry  about  his  business ;  and 
©very  page  bears  evidence  of  eleirant 
tast«s  and  ei tensive  research*  Look 
bere,  tlioagh,  Dimt>^  I  I/yolc  what  tlie 
second  number  f»f  CoZjfierjH*8  Wine-pre« 
di5<!our5t'S    of,     We  pity  y*4i,  0  Fifth 


mueao 
au  ^^ 


avenue  friend  I  Lcn  years  hence,  whim 
the  governor  h^  lead,  you  will  not  b« 
able  to  discuur'  about  your  Chateau 
Marganx  of  184^  or  your  Ohal<?au 
htte  of  1615.  1'  r*.-  vintfs  of  Europe  i 
all  dying  of  co  ns  urn  p  tion,  and  the  I 
of  the  Hiiifie  and  plains  of  Mame  wiU 
trickle  with  tl»e  gjunoui  blood  no  mo»r*, 
A  Itrrible  diaease  called  the  •'  Otdinm" 
has  oommenoed  once  more  to  ravage  th« 
vines  in  the  south  of  France,  and  g4>  rapid 
are  its  attacks,  that  it  is  not  str^teiiing 
probabihty  too  far  to  suppose  that,  in  ilie 
course  of  ten  years,  European  win<s  wlU 
have  virtuaiiy  ceased  to  ejEiat.  Wbat  a 
frightful  revelation  for  tbe  restauranta. 
No  more  Jersey  cider  sold  at  two  dullan 
a  bottle  m  lieidsick,  for  it  beiag  known 
that  Ileid^ick  having  ccssed  to  he  made, 
people  will  naturally  ar^uo  that  ii  o-an- 
not  be  sold*  No  more  vinegar  and  Whi- 
ther parings  under  tbe  title  of  Eudes- 
heimer;  no  more  logwood  and  wrUer 
masquerading  as  **  London  Dock-*'  Ho- 
tel keepers  will  be  obliged  to  sell  In 
despair  natural,  honest,  excellt-nt  A  me* 
rican  wines,  from  Oneinnati,  frotu  NorUi 
Carolina,  and  from  iLe  broad  jdamsi  and 
slopes  of  Texas,  whicb^  in  tifry  year^ 
will  be  the  greatest  wine  country  m  tiie 
world*  Dimes,  if  you  have  any  tparo 
thoui^ands^  go  and  buy  up  aU  the  Latt^ur 
and  Lafitte  you  can,  tor  you  may  i.#Qtiive 
them,  old  fellow  I  and  then  what  would 
become  of  the  Uouiso  of  Dimes! 

So  Page  has  been  doing  wcmdcnf 
Wel)^  we  expected  at  much.  He  baa  been 
painting  Browning  in  Home,  and  th«  au- 
thor of  ^»  Tbe  Blot  on  the  Scutcheon,"  saty* 
that  it  is  better  than  anything  thai  Titian 
ever  painted.  Browning,  too,  has  An  eye 
for  a  picture.  lie  has  too  much  obser- 
vant poetry  in  him  not  to  feel  poetry  oa 
canvas  when  he  saw  it,  and  hij  opinion 
is  worth  moch.  Beside.^.  P^ge  has  re* 
ceived  a  tribute  from  a  brother  urtlst, 
thnt  is  still  more  vidQable.  Crawford,  the 
celebrated  sculptor,  ordered  a  portrait  of 
his  wife  from  Page,  for  which  he  agreed 
to  give  $500*  When  the  plot  me  wia 
complete,  he  was  so  deiitrliti  d  wUh  th« 
ex:ecntion,  thathehan<l  ]  1000  to 

the  successftd  artist,  I"  U^ia   the 

sum  originallly  agreed  ufiipo.  li  h  plea- 
sant to  see  geniusrccogtii^iiggenius^  and 
while  it  elevates  the  cbaractt^r  uf  both, 
gives  a  terrible  slap  in  the  fac^  to  the 
old  siip&r^Lition  ahoal  the  habitual  jea- 
loupes  of  artiists. 

You  are  Hch^  0  Dimes,    f^    '  ily 

and  ^ve  Pajre  $o00i)  for  -^  ^>f 

y  oniiielf *      If   y  ou   can  not  1  ^^  l  . . ,  u .    mi 


J 


WIJ 


fte  £diim-  ut  Largtk 


335 


P       Mtf    I 


any  otli«r  wit,  UiaI    will    do 


But  iit  f  llJt  Iknl  of  th«  Orient  tnjierM, 
A  tmowj  tnrbjui  h  wuuad  aboni  his 
bml;  1  botinioQ£  doAts  from  ]m  fLhtmU 
te^;  «  votidft>Ui  yalaffhaiif  old  mh  lU& 
4ifi  ci  Htfoon  AJmiab^d^  am)  |)f obabi  j 
twjM  witli  iom*  tast«ni  iTieantAtJoii^ 
llhiil  iiu«le  Itft  adge  T«»lsikiai«  img\^ 
INni  «  Mt  of  £gn»tiufi  weaTine*  A 
^toviof  vest  of  PerEi^Q  ailk  loosely  en- 
•mfiiMni  h»  brood  chest ;  wliile  In  th« 
^fa*^^i*^*  hii  diiBk]f  pi|}e-bearer  is  44>cn 
Mo^wtag,  with  tlio  fl«Tile  tftb«  of  the 
MMIjtfrin^d  arotmd  his  arm.  A9  the 
Bira  s^flTi  the?  dcKir  of  th&  tanotaio,  be 
•fiDf«|  ili«01e«  iitt  his  uaU'f  Blippefn  on 
tlM  llifwh^d^  ftncl,  joining  Jit^  haitdi 
#4fi^iHi*  iero«3  Im  forehead,  bow#  and 
ii«r«rai«  Ike   erectijie,  ''gokam   Ale- 

0(m«ti  ATDtx^  by  thi^  *!j>kndid  fifpiiri- 
tiiim,  U  nuddenly  M!ij;](Ml  with  a  wild  nm* 
IblMito  retitrti  ttie  griicerid  salutzithui 
lildsd,  ind,  $Utiing  to  hist  iVi'l,  vataiT 
Wlilit  tbt  eftstcrn  iirnMration^  thoiif^li 
Ml  mtk  WAtxteont  erooki  in  ttie  e^'irt. 
00  j«rk«  tmt  evcntimllr  the  word* 
••MMltAlbT  K   Mof 

lilt  0ii1f  Til  ikfiowt, 

m  bii  oLtiai>iu,   l^^nn  a  p^rftetlj 
rt^lv  In  the  ^rpctirji*, 

Th»  day  b  ^r  .  ^Hld 

lilt  111'  '  t    cr»*^ 

_      an  f]  :*e'bf«r«r 

«amfl«ii  fbr  ..M,.,      Ip.v U  Boa  u 

tf  ll  Wmw   9iA«d   thfrifiizh  grovci   of  ft 
Ifc^miwil  p&bni;  vay,  rihait  we  plQitge 
tb«  fltHb  Ih&t  roU  beetd«  tUt  l^e 

'•  CttikrRtoocl  At  nnci"  ^  '»:ird 

1^  rvplytng  liter  hU  i»wu  f«4iiMiH  we 
«id: 

**  Boolu  iir«  fttale  as  Uie  wmter  thttt  biu 
InifelM  cibe  vani  icroM  the  d«Mrt,  0 
IHmMI  0I  Uie  EmI!  Tbe  pen  of  Ibt 
ildb*  ffowi  WMry  nnle^  ho  •otiietiiiMe 
i^  it  in  itiM  S^"^  Ink^hom  of  nattirv^ 


i%kii»w  tt 
i4iy  tnci' 


•  *  T  J : a  VI .,  n  ted  tft  eome  j 

\T«ftiiv  fHend 
itkpr  t*)ft>end 

«w«i«y  IntKi- 
<  dtUy  invited*  Mid   til 

•^tfrrnn   tin4  orient ftl 


it^  taken 
<i4iraer  10 


(>tir«th(^  the  llnrd  proceeded  to  inalt^ 
bim»clt' comfortnblc^.  lli^  pimotu  eo^ 
pet  WB.9  unrolled,  and  fEdding  bii  vowe^ 
wlt^t  lengliiy  inf^  iinder  htm,  be  tiank 
pracefnily  into  an  attitude  of  nttor  cn\m. 
The  pipe-beiirer,  kneel in|r,  nruflentftl  the 
ivinbcr  inoutli*pfceee  to  hit*  lips,  und  in  e 
fchiirt  tirne  we  saw  him  with  bidMoseil 
eyeA^  hre&thing  pisJo  blue  imoke,  and* 
doubtless^  dreaming  of  d^ert  well*,  mid 
dcisky  iTiftidenfl^  who  eame  there  to  till 
their  Jan  with  ti»e  cool  wat43r. 

Dimes  lookgdou  in  wotider.  He  dArof^ 
not  Hi  crose-tepged.  LUa  trou?*ers  Ifiekwl 
that  Inxnrloni  loosenef^  nfee^^sary  %**  the 
ftrhit*vement  of  the  attitude.  He  dare«i 
nat  inhale  bo  far  into  hia  lungi  the 
funics  of  Uie  four  cent  Nuric^ga^!  lb 
bad  no  dti^miiH  of  pfllm-fringeil  fonTtlaiuo, 
or  girl 4  of  the  wandering  trlheji,  fk 
Dimes  sat  upon  a  bard  stool,  and  wn tehee 
tJie  Burd. 

The  evc^nin^  was  exqnhltely  omd 
Thr<»iigh  t!io  barbioan  ot  Siuidy-IItxpk* 
the  1vrt;i>3£t'si,  scented  with  the  mil  Atka 
ih%  t*Wfpl  inwards  and  ptim^d  our  hiir, 
A  pariy  of  the  German  Turn vc^ein  wert 
cm  boards  and  their  band  of  wind-instrn* 
tnent?.  pliiyed  wild  walticcs  in  nni^on  with 
the  throb'bliig  of  tlje  waves.  Tali  tree* 
noddud  on  tho  Ureenwood  flope^  as  wi' 
|i^ij»ed,  like  th«  funereal  plninea  of  nAtMr« 
waving  ahovcs  the  ro6tiiig-p!aces  ot  the 
dead.  W  h  i  te-sai  led  ikifli  tend  ded  alt>ag 
the  aea;  tht?  measured  lieat  of  oan  throt>> 
lied  aciMni^  the  harbor,  from  where  s^mie 
»kippi*r  pushed  to  or  from  hi??  Mn,  We 
all  Kftioked  and  dreurtied,  Nofiu  talked  of 
tbe  beauty  of  the  icenery  ^  even  Dimc^  fi^li 
it  too  mnch  to  open  Ju^  lips  abotit  it.  The 
Bard  we  faw  wa»  far  away  in  mmv  wtni- 
drocM  land.  Bat  wh<i>}f  Toll^n^  alon^ 
the  de«ert  on  his  lean  bat  blooded  »t#c(l^ 
with  bia  eyef  glontiag  on  tite  goidon 
■iind.4,  and  iiiji  «onl  ffainia;^  aotne  wild 
lyrie,  thro«(f!i  whiwc  glowinK  ver^jM  rich 
caravans  of  th<  >ni7lit  wander  ?  Or  *«treti'K- 
ed  on  Lcbanonian  hei^lits,  with  t^daw 
waHfig  above  hb  1      '  v^iinud 

gardena  of  rckeet  i  i^oine 


atrnr—  -— -'- —  )ucF]iJ!t  II \  '■■   ve* 

ciii                             ijnd^  ijf  r  i, 

itnd  *.-.  T .H 4jH.'lb  *»r  ( ■  MV 

that  they  had  ^aved  fn>tn  i*>,  ;*^ 

Inga  tif  lIiL^    ti  iNt    nuil    vet  ]'  -    id 

Ihdr  nv  VVo   know    not 

Hilt  on  ji  thcrf    nt  a  Um 

dc»wy  OAltu^  <jrii*ni 

•eetoed  tfj  ^h  ' 

So  pn  ij» 

andfUAJ!  usk 

that  wv   ^i;i  ^>ut  ^v^Ui^aSMdu^ 


33a 


Th€  Editor  at  Largt. 


tSept 


Wa  swutiff  ti>  the  jrier,  on  whicli  Dlraes 
atid  oiirselvo^  were  tlie  firat  to  knd, 
wbil©  tilt'  Biird  «wept  slowly  and  majej?- 
ticAlly  after,  and  tlien^  all  tliree  munched 
aloLg  tlie  mnds»  It  u  a  wild  ]^lace,  llmt 
l*k  of  Rabbiis,  as  the  B^rd  culls  it.  Na- 
kedly it  bares  tli  breast  to  Llje  wild  Atkn- 
tic ;  and  the  waves,  with  tiri^i^^s  strength, 
buffet  it  eternally.  From  laag  crHnrau- 
nioii  with  the  sea,  it  '^^xm  a^  jf  striving  to 
imilnte  its  UDdulaiions ;  and  lung  billiws 
of  aand,  dang  up  in  ritls^  and  erowne4 
with  a  green  ere^t  of  slt-nder  grasse?*, 
stretch  away  t^s^t  ib?  surface  like  a  ml- 
rnio  iicean.  Even  the  wild  ducks  seem 
to  abiini^  as  a  place  unfruitful  far  fowl, 
Bjid,  ia  Mnct*doniftu  phaltttix,  Hy  farab^jve 
it  in  search  of  sacculeTU  marshes  where 
the  salred  weed'^  gri^w,  and  tbe  si^il  mmm 
with  a  loamy  fatutiss.  AVbat  w^ondrou^ 
tunes  r  !iat  lonely  i^le  um^t  know  I  What 
wild  diapasons  of  sound  njust  Imrst  upon 
it  of  dark  windy  nights.  If  the  sea  or 
iiie  winds  regain  tlie  burden  of  the  ter- 
rible .sorrows  they  witness,  how  mnnrn- 
ful  mast  be  their  Bongg  on  tfie  Ule  of 
Rabbits!  Choral  with  the  F^hhi-kj*  cjf 
drowning  wtitnen;  sharp  with  the  ^t\\l 
of  the  suddenly  Bhivered  aails;  deofi  with 
the  last  li oil nw  b<Ktm  that  etdiot^^  be< 
iwet'n  the  dt>cks  ivhon  the  ship  ^*^eii 
dowonj  the  indodtes  of  tlie  place  uiuat  be 
indi'ed  fa nt real. 

But  now  the  snn  was  ulifiiin^jf.  Tho 
ftca  had  no  sombre  face,  but  tlung  itself 
panting  on  the  shore  with  a  sent  of  wild, 
vohiptuous  joy;  Wave  c<>nrsed  wave*, 
and  cre^t  overtopped  cre^tn,  like  ehildren, 
each  endeavoring  ti>  out-leap  the  other. 
Alon^  the  margent  of  the  long  curving 
bcuch  undulated  the  sea-line,  and^  afar 
our^  a  rim  of  yellow  mist  floated  aronnU 
the  horizon  and  clasped  tho  sea  in  a 
golden  ring. 

From  the  Bard  somehow  the  oriental 
indolence  had  disappeared.  DoobtleH^^  he 
Rjifhed  for  the  baths  at  Damftjicu.^  a"^  he 
hung  off  his  flowing  robes  and  jdunged 
into  the  eurf^  that  rushed  at  hi  in  with  a 
hoUow  roar  as  he  entered ;  and  in  a  fcw^ 
mo  menu  more  we  saw  him  gliding  along 
the  crests  of  the  wave.?  with  hght  ancl 
easy  struke?*  Dimes,  pnor  fellow,  wa** 
doing  battle  with  th©  surf.  Every  mo- 
ment some  ferotious  billnw  would  sweep 
madly  towards  liim,  smite  hh  thin  k^gs 
from  nniler  him,  and  with  a  faint  cry  he 
wutd<l  di?5i^p(H*ar  from  the  upptr  worlid, 
to  utiitfrge  iu  a  i^o^ud  or  two  v^ith  Ids 
moiiTh  full  jf  salt  ivatef,  and  hii*  cars 
bo'Mtiing  ^ith  the  echoed  of  a  thoujsand 
octram.    We,  half  *ca-king  by  deaoeot, 


t 


revelled  artiM  the  rolling  wave^  a<i  if 
t!xey  were  still  oor  domain,  now  darling 
through  half'traus^parent  billows  now 
fioatingonthe  lieaving  combi^,  tbailappei 
and  twined  about  our  llmba  with  vulop- 
tuons  caresses. 

Suddenly  a  voice,  chanting  solemnly 
abova  the  wave^i,  reached  our  eut^  and 
turning,  wo  beheld  the  Bard,  No  I^ngfr 
swimming,  bat,  aa  it  were>  ridiisg  Arioo* 
like  throogh  the  billows,  he  3.1  og  n  i*ort- 
of  broken,  but  rhythmical  ehant,  while 
his  eye;*  seemed  to  pierce  tho  endless  idsj 
that  stretched  away  before  liim.  Sotne- 
thing  like  this  h©  hymned, 

Acrosa  live  wide  ocean  the  scent  of 
altn-groves  comes  freshly  to  ^'^-  "■  -*  sis, 
'o  envnous  cliff  bars  the  ^  lid 

li^juidly  between  me  and  Al;.-  ^  Jen 
Mnds.  Twin  harmonic  are  breaking  im 
mine  ear,  and  the  muslo  of  oe^^ui  li 
min^ded  with  the  music  of  the  Nile*  0 
sunny  Deseit  I  O  dowy  Palms!  from 
another  li em i sphere  I  send  thee  greeting 
and  h»ve.  But  the  desert  sanda  arise  ju 
I  Rpeak,  and  whirling  themselves  into  a 
giant  elondy  diape,  seem  like  a  good 
geniuf  to  beckon  me  across.  And  ilit 
palm  trees  bow  and  wave  their  lejiveii 
with  odoroo*  invitation  \  and  f liarp  and 
shrill  sountls  the  whinny  of  my  Arab 
stecil.  G;d]ant  stallion^  thou  do>jt  not 
call  in  vain  I  I  shall  dwell  with  I  bee  J«t 
beneath  the  tents  of  the  desert^'* 

Then  Diinc$  and  ourselves  saw,  to  our 
intcn^«i<3  ama^.ement,  at  the  conclusion  of 
this  strange  hytnn,  the  dusky  pipe-bearer 
bound  intii  the  waves  after  his  tiiastATf 
and  straiglitway,  what  at  first  ae^m^ 
us  to  btt  only  a  gigantic  bUlow,  now  _ 
dually  dilated  into  a  golden  calqu*^  5 
which  twenty  Nubians  snte  at  the  oars. 
Then  the  pipe-bearer,  lifting  the  Bard  on 
his  brawny  shoulders,  placed  him  in  tho 
stern  of  tlio  caique,  above  which  fell  ft 
canopy  of  purple  silk,  and  soiEiiig  ih* 
long  steering  oar,  the  rowers  benr,  &nd 
tho  sea  Vim  cleti  w^iih  the  blades  of 
twenty  oars.  We  nttered  a  ^^rv  iif  dl». 
mav  as  we  behcdd  the  lx>at  !■  ~\ 

and  the  Bnrd,  half- turning,  ^n, 

langnid  wdieu ;  whJli*  the  pipe-bearer — 
whom  we  now  perceived,  most  bavt  be^ni 
some  powerful  Ai*abian  encban  tor— lilted 
hli^  long  padd](>  and  flung  what  seamed 
to  be  Fome  drops  of  spray  towards  us. 
They  fell  arouorl  ns  on  the  bcAcli.  and 
then  we  perc«;ived  them  to  I  '    of 

the  richest  hj»*tre  and  mo*t  nt 

size,    Whr-n  w*g  hvA  picketJ  1  — 

for  who  could  resirit  j^iioli  at  .^ 

the  culqvie  was  dim  in  tiie  d; ,  L^at 


iii4.] 


7%!!  Sdilf^r  ai  Zar^. 


337 


I 


of  %bm  Towiic%f  Ml  id  a  li|^!il  «|)iral  of  imoko 
W0Qll4  S^  lut^i  ttH«  bluo  he.kvtsiiii.     The 

■  ►amNly 

*-K^v<r,"  laid  Dirnos,  with  bis  hn,mh 
Bnnly  fsjcceb^d  on   bi*  tr*.mEftirt* — **  l>ut 


Im  Ii^  ]«ft  IH  ^ 

!    1 

ilmU  ^ct*  Ibprn 

and 

Ike  J  viil  fO  dmnnui^.y  v 

'pltQ 

£nia»<>r-^  -  ■    " 

'  '- 1 

frill  4cmb^ 

|MiifMM7ttt.       ..-^ 

^•^  joa  bjLw<  tu.  L  Wi^:: 

.  ..     .:  ., 

OifiJiiiiei 

tnd  cloar* 

bevi4t4lif 

iiid  &jx?cii- 

!.                                                '.U 

wbo  wrate 

l:ll] 

mJD.*.trcik)* 

».                               >>i  wU^j  i 

L-y— wbi-^tMir 

ii                                   .    nitnoi 

'  »ilt>rftT^d 

» 

■    Hector- 

Tti,  QiAtti  Saw  iw.   T*x>k 

fac  «i  h*  c&a.     On  tbo  wbi>Ii>,  be  iins 

Brail  m  r»tlier  a  g^nid  *^barucu*r — tnujr 
«  ihadow  oovor  bo  le&?  I — ^Aud  bis  pn^ru- 

IHiimAli  irt  l«M  fan '  MHd  CAp- 

dDCM  IIhUI  lUHiftl.     Str  iv,  WO  eiro 

nut  pkIi  foit  eatens  ur  iucb  nktigukr 
mdiv&duali  aa  lartgolug  truvi^lJeri  would 
Q#  out  to  bo;  aod  amon^t  the 
firifsttnt*  «^flicp»  and  pubTicati<>ii 
Vork,  VV.  CbatubiTi  fltuln 

!v,   with   i-vcfy   di'tjiOsS- 
tSiv  V-  -       ^      liiy^J  by 

I';,  ,-..'n'.  •'  popiihir 

iuUcIo?,  ul'Loii   \\\\..:      .         .  uaw* 
^         ^     ifijui     Kiigb(*b      pvrjodiciil*, 

OM|lfij||r    3^  Tjifbh     bi^hor    lUornry 

•tiiaa,  l»  t^  v  mj&^iiJcitR%  Htiirtcd 

a  tacrmfrj  P.  I'miiaiiK  whu^^t? 

Wnt»  lit  <  ivi;  Anivrienu 

H^tnti  Aii'1  a  work  *tf  A 

Cfmly  ofi^-  Lcr,  will,  we  bofii\ 

ertiwiic^i  iuc4*4Lvia  which  thoy 

lMtt*t  Toa  M  cijiii|i1im«ntod  At  llio 
ibsYe,  oh    dSicHmlnatinsf  friend!      W^ 


expanse,  iiiid  Uios©  line  eyei  of  youw 
Bfiarbling  wlr'^  ■-  ^- ■  "  joy;  for  yon  are 
tino  of  the  i  w  whi^se  intelk«ct 

ligbtcri^  mniU  ....  1-..  t;.ii  of  our  iiuinthiy 
isHUCf  utid  over  ibe  anoel  tiinugbtd  %\mi 
yoti  jilt  down  ftii  daintily  I  e«mntle5M 
tmdden^  weep,  iwul  mnile^  and  wnnder, 
and  loiu;  tor  iha  uumb^r  in  whick  tbe 

jiortruit  k*(  IWmet*,  autlior  of ^  sUall 

apjienrt 

Tdkini*  ofEtifrlish  authors  nod  Ameri- 
t-iiii  jij  i  riti:U>t  i*Ti^feista  the  w  Ik  ik-sLsd^  at  twttk, 
i n  o n e  0 r  t^v i>  jou rniiK  "f*  th >.'   '  i  ^ 4 

tho  grenl  ^iciil  iiovdisl,  Cbu  xa. 

'^'  ^.'y  say  that  he  Im^  been  UvJMi.Mji^iji4n>r* 

>  *MWt;"  tJ  at  is,  bi^yand  bii  meana. 

*  '  ■  ■  lia^  3i>ld  ono  iif  his  c  liiblron  to  Miisi 

CoiHt^— liiflt  Mis^  Kilmansegg 

■.J.  .....  ^urti  biit^iry.     That  be  bus  failed 

in  liU  later  novt^ln^  and  that  bl.^  reputa- 
tion h  fading;  wiih  a  tbmj&and  otbcr 
brutal  Elaucier!*,  di^graci^fol  to  Uie  prea 
tbat  printed  thi^iOf  and  tho  lyin^^  bralD« 
that  e*injared  t!ienv  into  eii^iti'nee, 

professor  Fe]ton,  *Hlio  beartiest  ot 
Grt^uk  iirv^fe!45t>i>,"  and  ititimat^  Oit^ndof 
the  antn<ir  af  **  Bleak  Hotjse^**  in  a  tetter 
to  the  Boston  Daily  Adverti^T,  givoa 
tbosse  mean  allegations  tho  **  lie  dtrc*ct»*' 
Hi?*  jonriiey  to  Boulogne  is  exfdained  a« 
a  ye?irly  tnl^^nlion  fur  ibo  benefit  of  bin 
beakhi  and  the eliildien^ii  French  accent; 
and  Jii4  affairs  are  shown  to  be  in  any- 
tliiifi^  but  a  bankrQpt  condition. 

We  agree  with  yon  perfectly,  0  Dim ojl 
It  is  loaths^jTn^i  indeed,  to  6ee  peikple 
not  conk*nt  with  robbing  a  man  of  hl» 
brains,  which  make  hh  pvir>^Ci,  bnt  lh«9ii 

iirooccd  to  iiiUXt  him  of  hU  gmid  riatno* 
Ivre  we  t*cll  Die  ken*,  in  ii  hnndred  edi* 
tiL>nH^  tkl  *iv*^iy  ^ad^% ay  ftiati* *ii.  I ri  brown 
ci>vori,  tn  yellow  c*>vora,  in  every  pos- 
(tiblo  sp(»cie*  4if  etiver*  We  gloat  ov^r 
Ids  ^' bleak  itou>(^;*^  we  oevour  lib 
*'  Hard  Time'*/'  We  make  forruacf  out 
of  tidi^  one  nun^fl  brains,  and  thcTi,  not 
content  witli  tluit,  wc  inuut  lorge  «tt>ric* 
id  whieh  we  eoileavof  to  ^rove  hint  to 
be  ft  robbi)^  a  hwiadler,  a  lefn^'e  from 
ItU  debtji^a  clold^bartfTc^r,  anil  what  noU 
If  the  man  U  mth  a  villain^  why  do  we 
accept  hi*  tiioney^  for  re*pniitii5^  hl« 
bi »i I kn  u  accej ♦!  I ng  hln  mo ney  t  W hj  do 
W(f  batten  on  huhi'ain«f  Why  do  w^ 
c.ountenan<:t'  tliU  di»rt?pu  table  crcatarot 
0  Dime**  I  Dime**  I  it  U  very  jsirketiing 
to  »<^^  tid«  irrcal  writer  hawked  at  hf 
paltry  icribh:  '  ..  jicrhap*  wanted 

iiumcwbere,  ■  ■  time,  to  lick  the 

anthor'ii  hanO,  ^.k^  ^^.'*  w<»re«  duubtleii, 
told  to  go  abitut  tlieir  bimffiei*. 


EDITOEIAL     NOTES. 


AmsicAy.— It  h  probably  a  cool  Sep- 
tember tiiorning  with  you^  reader,  bot 
with  us,  as  we  write,  the  ^^  tbenoraeler" 
(as  I  hey  say  in  certxtin  parts  t'f  Longls- 
laiKl)  stafuls  at  lOS  Id  the  slmde.  Tho 
demaQd  fot  PutnarjCg  Mtinihhj  giir|>As$e3 
the  power  of  machinery  to  supply  it, 
unleas  it  la  be^in  belinie^,  bo  lliat  what 
corner  to  you  in  tho  aiHunin^  has  parted 
fmm  us  In  the  aumraer^  while  cur  autvimn 
will  be  your  winter,  &c.  We  com  muni- 
eate,  therefore,  nnOer  the  disAdvantOfes 
of  what  Cliarl^  Lamb  calb  an  *^  incoimlst- 
ent  chronology  ;*'  oar  scJisrma  are  not 
your  seaf^nns,  and  what  is  trtitli  to  us  ncrw, 
may  bo  a  lie,  as  tbeaa^no  antiiority  say?,  by 
the  time  it  reaches  joii.  Y^iti  rt^ineuiber 
his  kttc^r  addre$£(ed  to  Bar  tin  Field^  in 
New  South  Wale$  (afterwnrds  expamled 
into  one  of  the  most  aTiiusing  &*sajs  of 
Elia),  wherein  he  conT[)la!ns  of  the  dis- 
torting e(TectJ3  of  distance,  humorou*ily 
exaggerating  thetn  into  a  writing  ft>r  p<:»s- 
terity,  and  recalling  Hr^,  Rowers  super- 
Fcnptiou  **^  Alcander  to  StrepboD,  in  the 
Shades;* 

Do  not  think  na  dilatory,  then,  If  we 
say  thnt  we  have  jn*t  tinlshed  the  read- 
ings of  Mrs.  Beeciier  Stowe*s  Sunny 
Memorks  of  Forei^  Lands.  We  sup- 
poae  tbat  by  your  time,  it  hm  been  read 
all  ore r  the  United  States,  and  that  near- 
ly everybody  baa  fomved  a  jadgment  of 
its  merits.  Everybody  will  lie,  conse- 
qnently,  better  prepared  to  esnmote  the 
force  of  ilie  brief  criticism  of  it^  wUieh 
we  intend  to  make.  Mrs.  6tow£*s  pil- 
grimage to  the  old  world,  was  the  most 
extraordinary  in  its  cl  re  urn  stances  that 
was  ever  achieved  by  an  Ameriean. 
Sije  WJ15  received  abroad,  in  a  manner  in 
which  no  one  from  thisiside  the  Atlantic, 
not  even  oflicial  and  di^tingnisked  per- 
ion+igOfi,  had  been  before  received.  D^in- 
iel  Webster,  wlio  went  to  England  pre- 
oeded  by  a  repntation  as  the  greatest 
American  Statestman — Martin  Van  Boren, 
who  might  write  Ex-Prej-ident  to  hi  a 
name— Fen  it  nor  0  Cooler,  who  pni^essed 
Eitn>pcaa  fame  m  a  novelist — George 
BfincrutY,  tho  eminent  historian  and 
rat^mber  of  a  dozen  learned  foreign  socie- 
ties— Fretnont,  i he  rival  of  the  youtliful 
Ilnmbiddt^ — not  one  uf  tliem  crt^ated  as 
\nmh  sensation,  (either  in  England  or  on 
the  Continent,  ^  this  simple  Ntw  Eng- 
land woman— Hjanghtcr,  wife  and  sister 
of  clergymen — who  was  only  known  by 


tlie  single  book  sbe  had  wrflttfi.  F^rvftli 

lln,  perhaps,  in  his  day,  produced  a^?  grtat 
A  stir  in  the  circles  of  Paris;  bcit  ^Ino^ 
Franklin,  Mrs,  Harriet  Beech er  8towe 
has  earned  off  the  loudest  and  longest 
European  plandits.  She  wa^  not  tJidy 
tho  ^lest,  but  the  Intimate  booeehold 
friend  of  the  higliest  anstocracy  in  Gri?at 
Bri  tai  n,  finch  as  the  Howards,  Rus^elis  *ind 
Oowei-B;  she  was  called  npon  or  welcoJi*ed 
by  the  most  eminent  states  men » snob  fis 
Ffllmer^ton,  Aberdeen,  OoMen,  Dentnao, 
&c, ;  she  was  breakfasted  by  t!it  Areh- 
bi?hop  of  Canterbury,  and  feted  by 
Liverpool  Quakers  and  Manchester  baak- 
er^ ;  she  vvaa  talked  at  or  written  about 
by  the  mo^t  brilliant  authors,  snolj  as 
Macaulay,  Mil  man,  Dickens^  Thackei 
to  say  nothing  of  Alison  and  Gilfilf 
and  she  was  feted  by  citiee,  towns 
vi  11  a jf es  w itb o u t  nnm ber.  Even  li»  iya3 ty 
itRdf  was  only  restrained  front  a  fi'itblic 
manifeiitation  of  its  regard  by  politic 
motive,^  and  not  by  any  want  of  dl^pfjsl- 
tion,  Nur  were  the  eyidence^of  a  friend- 
ly feeling  confined  to  the  capitals ;  for 
in  the  remotest  districts  of  Scotland,  and 
away  up  amtmg  the  a!  most  uni  nimbi  table 
snovvj^  of  the  Alp^,  the  anthorei?§  of 
Unch  Tofnt  Cabin  found  a  ready  Bnn- 
path y  and  ^^gQ^  token*  t>f  re^pt*ct. 

The  book,  which  recnrds  Mra,  Siowe'a 
own  occonnt  of  iht^se  ovationn  may  well 
be  c^lkd  Sunny  Memories^  for  the  snn- 
fthine  of  favor  and  ndmimtion  seems  to 
have  been  sbowereil  ufion  her  at  erery 
step  of  her  tour*  It  h  trne  that  the  de- 
mon*^tration»  of  the  Continent  wero  not 
as  profuse  and  sihintngas  those  of  Great 
Britain,  hot  they  were  by  no  meang 
wanting.  Mr^»  Stowe,  all  the  while,  too, 
doitorted  herself  as  a  most  genilc  and 
modest  lioness?.  We  cannot  discoierSn 
her  nlln!=vona  to  these  horn  us  rhf  le»Kl 
touch  of  an  intoxicated  vai/ity*  She 
bean?  licr  accnmuhited  tri'  '^"^''^  *oid 
qxHHks  of  them    with   exin  le- 

tion  and  ciintinencc.     She  j  ,a 

little  nuKious  to  sicrcen  hti  Ic 

English  Bctmaintancef*rrom  k-^  me 

which  has  been  heaped  nprm  iUvut^  hiit 
not  more  s<i  titan  is  natiirah  Both  gra- 
titude and  a  pen^t*  of  what  h  dnc«  la  Th« 
causje  she  rt^pre!*ent*,  agree  in  inducing 
her  to  sfieak  well  of  her  fii^^T.dH.  She 
does  not  pcropio,  however,  ti*  bring  thmi 
bdi*re  the  ["ohlic,  but  In  tb  ■'   '  k** 

able,  a©  her  \hit  \sm  uk  re 

one,  and  witat  ^he  pays  of  tliv^^k  *-  ^  ■  i  aX 


MiKoruU  ^Yoter— ^flamcan  Idtiratun. 


ii  lo  tlieif  duuulrftiitji^  Bui  of  b«r 
pobild  roktiooa  wt  ibaU  biro  a  word  to 
w  III  thi  iflisei* 

^  It  b  vtffnmcaat  md  rer  -  ^  ^  '    fbat 
nti  lit  'Ijfj  monj  AJticriia  aid^ 

■  Ml/  uf  tU*  grtat  bmisa^ .^  Atuo- 

lifiia  ocMUieelioQii  garo  any  Utken  of 
fWdgftitiaii  to  timr  iUfmtnotYs  cuQntrj* 
wmoML  Tim  Cri>pp«ri|  of  liTerpoul, 
vjboti  furtnoe  w^aanjode  bjielliog  Sijutb- 
•m  eoUaiif  f^cifirod  l^er  on  ber  arriTaJ, 
rnnA  were  among  bar  wfirm^^t  fnonda; 
I'  'vt>t  liud  11  u  of  calls 

i:  ,:m>c«,  mir  ,ua Bates; 

U>\  who  hi* 
^'  lib  ooiintrj- 
:  ijr?,  m  uml  included 

j^4iu>,  L>^-<  1.^.'  ilie  book  itoolft  wt 
nttftrk  tbn;  it  it  a  highly  r«i|iootAble 
Mk  of  trftvcUi  boi  notbiug  more.  Had 
Mfik  8«ow«  bMD  ieii  of  &  notoriei/,  had 
•!»  iHsti  ptrmittttd  to  »ocs  locn  Atid 
tmngy  for  hari^^lf,  nnd  l^er  liiuo  bven  k»3 
aibiMrUwJ  l*y  formnl  cer^inorjies  and  vi- 
«ti^  ali»  wtjuld  have  producod  a  much 
Uli«r  work,  Tb©  pttrt*  rebting  to  Scot- 
kad  ikijtl  England  have  r««ljy  uoLhrng^ 
•#w  ur  fr4**h  in  them,  and  wo  duobt 
nbclbttr  Muk  Btow«  saw  an^tUiog  of 
dtSicr  SooUiittd  or  Etigkridf  «)Xoept  oer* 
lain  di»*»3  ^  '.^  of  paroxjam  or 

l«n|<»mrf  <  <     She  w«Qt  to  »ee 

lb#  iisaal  '^.K.  ^f  irt^tM^  Abboita- 

lbfii«   WarwiGk.  .   u{)Oti  Aran, 

Wiftdaor,  HawiL  -     *^„  bnt, 

#r1iiaiitJj,  wrUiuiit  t;>  '/ th«ti^ 

and  la  a    Utti  uf  iiiitjiJ  _  to  leather 

I-  iiUcj  jmprc^^jooj.     11  cf  dca- 

<:■  '0  luobUj  tiK'ugro,   and   her 

fiiit«alhi  ort«a  ooiTimonijIace,  though 
aaaHj  alwaja  pgnradctl  by  a  tonft  ol 
§i0d  aenaa*  On  the  ountiix^nt,  whi»fo 
•Ipa  fttu  fit«if«  lo  her»&LC  ttiv  in  threat  of 

Mr  Ir:  •OMUi,   a»d    wo  di»0OYer 

niiai  :-  t  book  irhe  might  hara 

llvaii  ti»,  1  '  '  *tn  her  fln*t  book, 

«a4  ii»a  h  I   as   plniu  Ut%. 

il»W«— nut  .V  ..-.  author  <ff  UneU 
lhm*§  iMin.  The  w h o U  uf  1 1  ic  J f i n  i  n oy 
t^fu^h  8wiLx«fUnd,  aiid  tli«  vKiu  to 
til*  localiUa«  ma^lii  fntnoua  hy  the  rasi- 
4«aot  And  dooda  of  LtiUi^«  art  adroira* 
Ut.  Bat  Kn.  Stowa  oaght  ta  h&Tn 
farbnma  h«*r  rrmarks   nptm    Art,    Sho 


meihmm^  n' 

-  known* 

•allijiiff  ah 

pirit  of 

tkdA  e(iiir««!i{^u. 

v'o  writ- 

t«iAoUaiif.    ^ 

the  tto- 

prtaiiiiiioa  of  m  noin 

^-01, 

Bueh  laM  upon  ooo 
ficalbr  afikuila  ayu 

i  a 

uuuurv    JiuE      ill 

It  ia  a  aingtilar  halliidQitioQ  which 
ittduoea  a  vary  one  who  travel  to  write 
his  opLaioos  of  tbo  tine  arU,  esp«<?iHilj 
of  arch i lecture  and  paititiog,  Fer:K}nB 
who  know  nothing  of  architecture, 
and  iiover  troubled  iheinKdves  about 
[laEntiogi  at  hotue,  atid,  what  is  wor^e, 
who  ha^e  fK»  origtnd  ftouaiblhty  to 
art,  begin  to  talk  of  eathedrak  and 
pictures  m  soon  as  tbej  krtd  at  Llreiv 
psKil,  and  do  D<it  atop  nntU  they  hare 
told  m  what  they  think  of  all  the 
eh urebca  atid  galleries  of  Europe,  They 
pruise  and  blame  with  all  the  fh^om 
of  tlra  KQoat  leonied  connoimeurt^  and 
ihty  qa^tJofl  and  reverie  the  decisiont 
of  eeuturioi,  with  a  poaitiTeneas  and 
largeneea  of  iittf^nee  thai^  on  othar 
snhjeeta,  wotiid  be  good  grounda  for 
i«.5tiitig  a  writ  de  lunatko.  Take  Ibt^ta 
aame  petnoiia  into  a  cotton  factory,  or 
ahuw  them  a  cunDi3»ty-oonatrticted  pool* 
jack,  and  thcr  wotdd  matantly  oonfoM 
Uieir  profound  ifmoranoe  of  eltbtir  mat- 
ter. They  would  no  more  Tenture  (o 
pronounoo  a  criticism  upon  the  perfection 
of  tJ»e  on©  or  the  oUjor,  than  they 
would  upon  the  M^eaniquB  CilmU^  but 
bring  Uiem  before  a  Baphftel,  or  lat  them 
raud  a  drama  of  Shaketpaare—or  any  of 
the  highest,  subtlest,  daepeit  worka  of 
the  hntnaa  mind — ftnd  they  will  rattle 
off"  Tolutnea  of  critimam  in  lun  than 
twenty  minntea. 

Now,  we  do  not  mean  to  lay  that 
Mrs.  Stowe  b  one  of  thaee ;  she  m  f&r 
from  it ;  the  ia  a  womin  of  aenaibUlty 
and  geuiaa;  pofveoea  elaarly  a  natlra 
Iovq  of  art,  and  with  ani table  cultivation, 
inch  m  Uta.  Jamison,  for  hifttanoet  Itai 
had^  would  make  mo«t  Ukely  a  sound 
orttia ;  but  j^  yet  her  judgment  h  raw, 
nad  we  are  iurry  that  nhe  did  not  re- 
aerva  her  aaacimenta,  ttntil  Aha  had  bet- 
ter opportunitioi  for  their  formation. 
Kveu  in  literature,  where  we  anpposed 
»he  would  he  more  at  home,  bar  eon^ 
duHhmii  arc  not  ihoae  of  an  adept^  of  one 
wiio  \md  prrffoimdly  eoiD^idered  the  iab- 
jeet  in  its  dt^pih  and  fulnaae.  Jobs 
Milton'^  immortal  poem  ihe  oaUa  ft  ^'^wrell 
arrongod  imifalion  of  ibe  anoleill  eplca,*^ 
^tltat  I*ar(idif§  Igtt^  whidb  itaods  alona 
aLiJoug  bookff,  whioh,  a«  De  Quinouy  ha» 
MLid,  U  (he  ^nly  one  known  to  man 
i*ublime  in  e^ery  part,  in  Ita  oonoeption 
and  iti  eseeutton  alike,  and  la  a  powar 
fur  ever  I  Utat  tliaid  Miggialloilii  toOf  aa 
to  the  religfons  ehamelar  U  dhik#> 
■p^are,  are  axovedinit^jr  fi^ttf,  snd  ahoir 
tiiat  the  hi  isot  ^*^rmm  up^  in  that  depart* 
ment.  Let  tii  ooiiitii«i^  to  bat  %  ^t^uaL 
of  I>r,  Ulrloi'a  SlalbMpiart'i  1>f«iiiAitib 


Editorud  NqU$ — Afmrican  Lit^aiun. 


Art^  wliicli  h«»  beoQ  translated  into 
EagKsh,  wfe  believe,  and  which  perhapft 
may  reoondle  lnt;r  artistic  admirarion  of 
the  bard  with  her  religiuu»  connectiona- 
Or,  if  f>he  rcaib  German,  a  dip  into 
Ueg<al.  Esthetics  might  prove  that 
*'An"  13  84imething  Sitter  than  mere 
'* moral  exei?llence/*  being  of  a  kindred 
aouroe  and  glory  with  Philoiophy  and 
E«Hgion. 

Hrs.  Stowe  not  only  confeasea  her 
ignorance  of  arb^  but  she  doea  not  appear 
to  be  aware  tliat  t!iere  are  saffielfent  ei- 
amples  in  tliia  country  to  enable  a  stu- 
dent to  farm  correct  ideas  of  what  its 
posBihiritka  and  true  aims  are.  She  \iMlta 
Windssor  Castle,  and  corainences  criticis- 
ing 0  land  e,  whom  she  thinks  is  inferior  to 
Eueeareliil  while  her  brother,  who  ac- 
coTj*j>iitut.'B  her,  prefers  CaJialetti  to 
eitht?r.  They  know  notliing  of  Cole,  and 
Chnrch,  and  Durand.  But  &he  com- 
mits an  inexcnaabl©  fault,  which  we  coald 
liardly  have  looked  for  in  &o  well  in- 
formed a  per3:ton,  tn  making  her  own 
circumscribed  experiences  tlio  standard 
of  American  manners  and  accomplish- 
ments. She  forgets  that  the  United 
States  do  not  form  a  hnmogeneous  nation, 
and  that  iier  own  dotnestic  circle  is  not 
America.  She  i?*  continually  teUing  her 
Enj^Ush  friemlj  that  we  do  not  do  thus 
and  ^o  in  America,  meaning  tliat  ihc 
does  not,  by  which  she  most  have  gi^^en 
some  very  erroneons  and  queer  impres* 
gions.  For  mntance,  she  meets  Macanlay 
atft  break fjLst  party  at  Ixird  Shaftesbury's, 
and  tAU  hini  that  breakfast  parties  are 
unknown  \n  America.  Of  course^  she 
lin^  never  known  snch  gatlierings^  yet 
breakfast  pjirties  are  as  common  in  New 
York  a^  they  are  in  London,  and  have 
been  for  many  years.  She  sees  a  holly 
bueb  at  Dingle  Bank,  regrets  that  we 
have  no  hohy  bushe3t,  and  makes  a  draw- 
jng  of  a  leaf  aa  though  it  were  a  botanical 
tUecorery.  But  the  holly  ja  very  common 
in  the  middle  and  southern  states,  and 
there  is  a  very  fine  holly  hedge  surround* 
ing  Ih^e  Ca|utfil  grounds  at  Washington, 
and  visit^^ra  there  in  winter  jnast  often 
ha ^e  seen  its  ^^glo'^sy  leaves  and  berries 
red  J*  American  travellers  abroad,  when 
allndiiig  to  the  United  States,  should  not 
speak  of  it  as  ^'America,'*  or  **home," 
except  when  alluding  to  national  laws, 
but  alwayit  name  the  locality  they  mean 
liy  ♦*  home.  ■*  The  home  of  a  Ecntockian 
or  AlahamiQn  Ijj  a  \&r^  different  sort  of 
a  home  from  that  of  a  Kew  Yorker  or  a 
Tormonter.  Uut  Mr*.  St«»we  make*  rio 
dijtinciiun^;  slio  alludes  to  America  as 
kmu0j  &t2d   Imvm   It   for   her   English 


fHends  to  gnesa  what  and  where  tlm 
may  be,  whetiier  in  Maine  or  Ohio. 

But,  not  U>  dwell  upon  these  incidental 
matters,  let  ns  return  to  Mrs.  Stuwtj^s 
public  career  in  England,  livr  book 
is  put  forth,  not  as  a  jus*tificAtion 
of  it,  for  that  she  does  not  appear  t*j 
imagine  iC  require?,  but  as  ^^aoorr^otioiiof 
tiie  per&evering  and  deliberate  fttt©nipi», 
in  ceriain  quarters,  to  misreprei^eiit  the 
circumstances."  Accordingly,  PrufesBor 
Stowe,  her  husband,  prefixes  an  introduc- 
tory chapter,  containing  a  report  of  the 
principal  public  proceedings  at  their  va- 
rioua  receptions  in  Liverpool,  Edinburg, 
London,  etc.  What  those  misrepresen- 
tations were,  we  do  not  recall;  but  it  is 
easy  to  conceive  how  one  criticism  of 
these  parades  should  iuggest  ib^clf  to 
any  reflective  or  just  mind,  Mrs,  Btowe 
was  received  in  Euglondj  not  by  the  peo* 
pie,  but  mainly  by  I  he  arisT^ici'^un'^  and 
not  as  the  author  of  a  priae  book,  but  a% 
the  exponent  of  a  cause*  If  the  homages 
paid  to  her  had  been  rendered  by  tl*e 
masses,  and  directed  to  her  merits  m  a 
writer,  every  man  woman,  and  child  in 
the  United  States  would  hare  be^n 
proud  of  the  distinction  she  had  woik 
But  the  jealous  popular  sense  was  quick 
to  detect  in  those  demonstrations  a  fla- 
grant  incotisisterioy,  bo  far  at  Iea*t,  as  the 
Eugliali  jiobiiity  wer©  concerned^  They 
were  protests  against  the  American 
slave-system  by  a  class  who  thctnsclve^ 
subsist  by  &  ayaiematio  violation  of 
human  rights.  It  was  seen,  at  ouoe, 
that  the  Shaftesburyt,  Sutherland*, 
and  Carlisle^,  ivhatever  their  iudlvidual 
virtues,  or  how  sincere  soever  their  phl- 
lanthrofiy,  had  no  right  to  a^ail  the 
slaveholders  of  the  So  nth,  because  they 
at  home  sustain  a  BtruGluro  of  aodety 
which  is  essentially  eimiiar.  In  other 
words,  the  British  arialocratic  sygt^sut, 
and  the  Southern  aristocratic  syfiiens 
differ  in  degree,  bnt  scarcely  in  kind. 
They  are  b^ith  a  species  of  feudalisn*  in 
principle, and  both  at  warwifl'  tL.t,,.„T^ 
oy  and  Ohri:4tianity.    Thai  io- 

crat  who  derives  his  weal'  e;&. 

Ma  privileges,  froui  the  uii'  iu- 

tion  of  the  laws,  and  who  <.  jU 

those  privileges  to  his  jmsterity  tid  i\  pc<ft- 
ae^lott,  is  an  otTender  in  the  'iiiii<^  *i'mc 
i  n  w  h  ich  t  he  So  tither u  ala  ve '  ho 

derives  his  wealtJi  and  pri  \  ^  a 

iimilar  inequality. 

What  are  tlie  pollticai   and  r&llgiou^ 

Qh]r    ''    -  '     ^      -'  -    .  '      ^      ''■  -       •:-*-      |jOt 

th"  di 

aru  Mfcvut- ..■.tvi.i.^^  i.ii«M.Mi,iujMw-  ijj  hm^  vmiof 
individuals  in  the  provisiotui  of  law,  but 


Etiitariai  HoUi — American  Literature, 


Ul 


I 


^viotitmn  nf  tbe  riii](lAiii«ntal  doctrine 

Av  n-e,  tlmt  ftU  men  sbauld 

'   '  '    ri  f>r  tliu 

'inc^    or 
1.^   result 

...^.    ..  .    ,d  «)i)l«ai 

of  JSufCiAnU  U   '  I  juht  tticU  A 

luBcal  vtMLit.Jun  ■     ^  .d  jutitko  %nd 

OHHfti  V .  1 1  di  V  i« ie**  ft<x'i i* ty  » n to 

^i9««,  "t  which  it  pve«  nil  Iho 

r^irrr  miu\  io  iho  other  (Ul  tlio  htirdi^n*. 
ft  m4j  b«  amdiurnteil  in  its  priR'tic^l 
dBmiM  hf  the  change  wruugbt  m  a 
V^fOfm  *if  ft^w*,  or  cTCtortc-fl  by  tho 
ftrvtfr'  "  "    wcoltby    elaaic*,   btjt 

ntfoa  KHiDif ;  it  ii»,  in  |»riiiaT}^ik\ 

«  ii»n   tif   truth    (inil 

i  '  pro  ijt  by  that  per* 

Mhm%  wlio  {ifcitit  a  liiUo  nKti'tL'<  hy  it  in 
ililfr  "*>'*  r  -  T!i.^  1 1^!  iklii '.  hca  bug 
um69  '  far  Ib^ 

|«4  h>  i)gh  the 

Ct  by  ibo  rni»  h  mn  \  shtiiild 

S tiuJQ  whiter  AD J  ^  LiedlhAH 

the  itttit. 

Wfi  are  fiot  d^f«iif)ln|^  9»ch  rocrimlniir 
tlfNH  4tf  Eogifttid^  AS  wiM'o  put  forth  in  tho 
•illf  •1*4  prttpofctrniuM  krter  of  Mr*.  Tyler, 
.Mil  tlii  riUf  af  e^rtulii 


t^,..       1,1 M 


j*K;t  that  the 

;!ju    KJinuici    »-ymf)Ath»se 

if  tb<s  Suiicheni  Stut^^^ 

■    '   -  '''■  rhtt 

r    the   rt*i(.»rt 


tfullllQJ  h  ' 

It  in  »l*tt  Ui4f»  t<i  ^ngerickr  a 

t^ttt    tbrr  iirt*  qnito  ii-^   nntvh 

<  I  he 

hyA 

,  ry.     \v  u  «|j!m:d  t'--tceiii 

i   tf  Niuhujai  or   lx>ttLei 

.11  with  a  «utU 

iin|niIjH%   hut 

I  '  vUice  i» 


tlitir 

to  aU  lik«Ui. 

ABocmttr  of  tiieir   L»wti. 

•IT,  Wll««l     uc    fic    ll>v 

ietU«  i,ic«i' 
MtttP^  to  iUvm 


I 


,.py  WHi, 
hIo  PMunt 

ill    tlic*   aamo 

KTlL'li*ll    lH»Uf« 

nf  (he  r. tilted 

ifn  ffuiii  im- 

'Norive.     Mr** 

*b?it  her  flue 

rcbci4iui4 

mr^tiva 

.-110. 


mfhfii  the  Enj^iidh  bbourtiig  peaple  wftnil 
Ntil  it  h  -histice*— A  ihtJriKigh  politl* 
cal  jimtiGe — 'whieb  these  eliAfity-mon^ 
ger-i  kiiawr  as  well  us  anybuily  &m^  hut 
whiob  they  iu«  leas  atr^mimm  to  wiih- 
bokl*  The  legialativo  uml  sriciA!  reforma 
whitih  they  np prove  nre  well  i^tiough  in 
their  w,iy/but  they  Are  InineiilAbly  iu- 
{>ertic)Al,  And  A  most  cruel  trill  log  with 
thr  g<^yd  of  tnen. 

Now  un  AmericJin  who  gt>es  to  En- 
gl AircJ^  hhitM  f^a  a*  a  democrat  and  a 
Ohri^jJiAn,  if  he  would  be  true  to  ht* 
eouulry  And  hi  a  rt'ligion*  He  m  not, 
of  courpe,  t<i  tlirtist  his  opitiinm,  in 
either  eapAcily,  upon  those  who  enter* 
Lai Ji  htm,  e*peeiully  wfdb  be  b  ruininar 
tiiigovtir  their  bod:  and  mutton  ;  but*  it 
culltd  upon  in  a  public  way,  to  bear 
Icejtimimy  ngaiuHt  the  siii.i  of  Any  ]mri  of 
Ills  own  knd^  he  may  as  wdl,  while  he 
h  At  it.  |?iv^'  A  pcissing  ghmce  ut  tht^  Aiun 
of  other  himh^  at  l^ant,  tit'  that  he  h  in. 
A  slii;ht  allusUiti  in  England  for  iiibtnncc, 
to  t^le  er^ormou^  political  uud  moral 
powci-  of  the  naboba,  and  the  di^i»lin|y 
lluuk(?y  ease  of  tho  cfimmoner  sot,  ooiild 
do  no  linrtu,  while  n  ward  or  two  in  b«* 
hair  of  demfK-riM^y  might  be  s«rvicc*!ihlc. 
It  would  mi'-c  A  treuiemlout  row,  it  is 
truft^— A  greski  deal  miire  so  than  Profe*fior 
Bty  we*4  iWbie  intulpaiion  of  Euiilund  in 
the  cotl*»n  trade, — ^hot  why  sijould  the 
Etigligh  n  ■  ■  *  have  A  ojiiuopoly  of  all 
thi^  fAnii  j-i  fbey  hAve  «if  pretty 

nearly  t  -.,..,  u  .^^  el w  *  W  by  sljould 
they  he  alhjvv4.'il  to  think  thAt  slavery  k 
t  hi*  only  evil  undtnthe  mm,  and  that  they, 
of  all  the  worldf  are  calUnl  u^ion  to  re- 
deem it  f  A  thoiough-gLiiiii^  honest 
demi^nrat  ut\d  ChrUtian,  oTiet*  si  i  down  in 
the  inJd^t  of  thenif  niii^ht  ^^  dt^al  danma^ 
titiu  round  '*  in  a  way  to  ofwn  their  eycsi, 
and^  if  niUhing  more^  tii  torn  them  from 
either  continent  to  ihc^ir  own  island.  We 
havti  M>nietitrie'4  ihon^^bt,  iiideLnh  tbnt  it 
Tnigiit  he  i*ue  of  tiie  moat  n^i  '  :  >n. 

ary  enun'pri.«t*s  that  etiuld  hi  r«, 

to  enli^ltteu  Kti^Uiid  a»  to  iln  iij^m^of 
mant  »iit:li  jm  they  are  understood  by 
^rv-fv  i^iM,ikk.i*>  democrat,  and  e^ery  cow- 
ab  i  in. 

>i  't  ovAtlonf  thett,  ao  far&i 

it  CJime  iroin  tlie  rhi-iH  who  prottt  hy  tho 
ifiitjoity  of  ihfi  British  ly^^tcTrt,  wa^  of- 
fLti-ivu   Ul  our  American  1% 

and  hill  for  thii  IL  miiihi  •  a 

CAf»ital  n^b'iko  fttr   our  uaii  ci* 

Ki*ieney.     A*  it  wan,  wo  ar.  lai 

I  he   lea^mH    which    wi  i**    be 

taught   UMr»  fjp»t  in  a  >  VumiA 

tite  draiumie  Moi^trt  «d  iuv  %shi\iU&  lua. 


342 


Editorial  Notes^Afnerkan 


lAUral' 


un. 


[Sept;! 


We  doubt,  in  fact,  whether  any  foreign 
rQ&iiifestations  on  the  subject  of  &lftvery 
have  an  effect  beyond  wound  I  Rg  the 
pride  and  confirming  the  stubborn ne^t 
of  tbose  who  are  immediately  interested 
m  It,  and  wo  are  quite  tnre  tJiat  emanci- 
pation ia  not  prunioted  by  them  \  on  the 
contrary,  that  tl^e  siaveholdera  are  rather 
strengtljeued  bj  thert>,  in  being  able,  ia 
consequence^  to  appeal  to  tho  patriot:  o 
prejudices  of  Ui©  pi^ople.  It  is  a  miser- 
able delosioij,  it  i*  true,  to  confound 
slavery,  even  remotely,  with  the  reputa- 
tion ik  the  nation ;  but  it  J9  one  that  un- 
happily ^xUUy  and  the  fact  of  it^  exist- 
ence is  a  rea.<on  for  an  aDti-slaTery  niovo* 
meat  at  home^  while  it  operates  againflt 
all  erotio  interference.  Let  as  once  get 
rid  of  the  idea  that  slavery  is  a  national 
insti  tat  ion-- that  it  is  anything  more 
than  a  local  or  municipal  nsaj^e,  ntterly 
impotent  beyond  the  statea  in  which  it 
is  suBtained — and  we  ehalJ  soon  see  it 
dwindle  away  before  the  advances  of 
modern  industry^  and  a  democratic  and 
Christian  aentiment. 

— A  little  hook  in  which  we  hare  been 
bO  m  G  w  I J  at  in  terested  is  Horace  M  \nn% 
In^iiiguraL  Addrmg  at  Antioch  ColUgey 
and  we  have  been  interested,  not  so  much 
by  what  it  contains,  as  by  the  tram  of 
thought  which  it  suggests*  Mr.  Kann  is 
a  bold,  vigorous  and  candid  writer,  who 
dares  to  think  with  independence,  and 
to  impress  his  though ta  without  guile. 
His  style  ia  too  turgid,  swelling  and 
flatnleat  for  the  canons  of  good  taste, 
but  he  generally  convey  a  so  rnach  mean- 
ing under  it,  that  one  easily  overlooks  ft^ 
rhetorieal  defects.  He  is  evidently  an 
earnest  person,  and  utters  his  th oughts 
with  all  the  boldness  and  enthusiasm  of 
sincere  conviction ;  a  reformer,  too.  Those 
convictions  are  not  always  on  the  iide  of 
things  that  are,  so  that  sometim*^,  as  the 
vulgar  say,  he  make?  the  fire  fly. 

President  Mann's  subject  Is  the 
physical,  intellectual  and  tnoral  wants 
<if  our  race,  and  their  consequent  duties, 
whicli  he  treats  with  elaborate  fnlness 
and  eloqnence-  He  states  the  adapted- 
ness  of  the  earth  to  tJie  residence  of  happy 
and  glorious  companies  of  men,  and  then 
pasaes  in  review  the  hi&tory  and  aetoal 
condition  of  society,  to  show  the  infinite 
and  monstrous  perversions  of  every  true 
tdea  of  which  ma^n  has  been  guilty.  The 
cholera,  the  plague,  the  fever,  the  drunk- 
enness, and  the  licentiousness  which  deso- 
late his  body ;  t h e  i gno ran ce^  superstition 
aM  bigotry  which  darken  his  mind ;  the 
onmm  And  the  vice  whioh  make  a  wreck 


of  his  heart^,  are  deecribed  with  a  fervor 
and  intensity  of  expression  that    ^ 
indncea  one  to  loathe  hi^  mine], 
task  of  reforming  soch  a  mass  of  mtseriii' 
seems  utterly  hopeless,  and  the  ihoo^l 
of  the   possibility   of    human    pror'^^ 
takes  the  hue  of  a  dream.     It  is  noL     - 
Maan'a  purpose  to  prod  nee  each  Lupj  vi- 
sion b  :    on   the   contrary,  his  Aim  ia 
irritiite  and  enliven  the  moral  sense 
the  comma nity  and  spur  it  on   in 
manner    of   attempts    at   amelioratioi 
But  soch  are  the  effects  of  his  repre^jen- 
tationg.    When  he  tells  ns,  for  instjxni 
as  til e  resnlt  of  his  historical  gnrvey,  ihi 
our  humanity  is  depleted  and   diluted^ 
effete^  and  corrupt  of  blood,-^AbnormaL^, 
wasted  and  short-lived :    with  its  manli — 
ness  so  evaporated,  and  Its  native  lirea  w^ 
quenched,  that  octr  present  w*orld,  e£«ft— 
pared  witli  what  it  should  be  r*''^  "'i*^%, 
it  might  be,  i^  a  lazar-hoaae 
and  an  asylum  for  the  feebi-.       :  .  J. 
when  he  shows  as  that  eight-tenths  of  th^ 
human  race,  for  brutality,  fert>ctty  and 
cruelty,  are  below  the  beasts;  when  Lt 
declares,    as    he    does    in    effect,    tMt 
there  Is  not  one  Christian  n&tion  on  die 

globe,  and  that  of  the  natioes  nominiiUj 

Ohristians,  there  is  no  place,  nay,  searet^^^M 
ly  one  individual  who  honors  »nd  oU»|pH^| 
the  laws  of  Gcd,  he  states  wit 
and  TCt,  he  etat^  it  in  a 
which  fills  one  with  the  mo$t  ui-nt  -nsr 
and  gigantic  despair.  He  states  it  ofj  the 
ground  of  an  appeal  to  the  morahty  t*f 
men, — in  the  light  of  an  abstract  mord 
law — with  a  view  to  its  pefomintion  bf^ 
mora!  efforts.     He  holds  up  before  tJ 
dark  and  blushing  pi  a  tare  the  pure  la^ 
of  God,  aa  an  eatternal  standard  of  duty, 
and  commands  men  to  an  obcflfenr?  vf 
them  universallyT  on  pain  of  t 
nance  of  the  enormous  and  f^i;_  -^ 

which   they  now  suffer.     Behuld  your 
multiplied  and  hideous  dii^ei^os,  he  f^ys^ 
and  behold  the  absolute  ralo  whose  in- 
fringement is  the  canse  of  them^ — ^now, 
obey,  in  every  particle,  or  continnt  to 
suffer  1    Bat  the  poor,  enfeebled,  besottec 
human  mind,  stacgers  from  the  coo  rem  _ 
plation,  and  in  the  very  hopeh 
jtfl  impotence  and  nnn,  «xcliiinat,  "r=^ 
cannot  he" — ^let  us  eat^  drink  and 
merry,  for  to-morrow  we  di#. 

Now,   did    it    never   occnr    to   Jf^^Mf. 
Mann  and  hia  school  of  mofulisN 
this  is  an  essentially  Pagan  view  of 
man  life  and  its  deetiniee;  or,  if  they         im 
sist  upon    being   indnded    Bmow 
number  of  believers  In  Boriptljre,  Uift»  ^  t$' 
ir  at  best  a  thorot3gh*golng  old 


K 


JUHoriai  J^&ki>—Amerimn  Liismtun^ 


U9 


^,— iho  fl&ui<^  prociAel/  wblch  led 
oni  ubipwTwk  of  thiit  peo- 
pt%tt  w«U  as  of  ma  mo«t  ilJujtrii>iis 
Nlthtn  mtioss.  It  wm  tlib  very  id^ 
St  mmm  to  ii\  Uiiit  nmn  Is  Hiibject^  in 
feiisbo4ftitit«ll«ct  and  soul,  tn  the  Uws 
if  ntnri  iitd  aocktj,  wbidi  be  Ia  bound 
tft  •Iwjr,  Ia  tbo  altertmilve  of  aU  iof ii  of 
ibMiefin  iknd  woe  which  0harUt  01BI6  to 
attlbtUiito  aiid  replace  bjr  a  c|iiito  difie> 
l«s(  afld  immeasurnblT  »u|ienor  gospel. 
S»oiiu  dotibiii  thiit  tlioro  Are  [>bx8ical 
[  ilir."».  !j  mu*t  hce<l  f»r  per* 

;♦    lliAt    tbo    ititcltoct 
Im  educated  ftod  iraioed;  tio  ona 
tbal  the  r«qiiirc(neQUi  of  locbl 
trt  liuporunt;  hat  to  toako  oh©- 
to  these  kwi  and  rnquironie&ta 
jNviiie  &ad  mtiiimte  aitn  oj  life^— to 
lie  Uitttn  tho  »uhjoct  of  Aoy  flUadftrd 
1  to  IM  in  mom  self,  t,  e.  to  f^,  U 
I  iMrren  tb^  very  tea-urn  of  the  Chris* 
iwmw.    It  U  10  winder  about  sUli 
J  Um  old  hAOdwritiiig  of  ordlniuiGOi, 
i  pit  mpfKifhd  among  Uie  l«mple-<iif'ei 
*  ifioa   dofoiedstit,   or   Hoger   and 
k  ta  thi  gfOTfli  of  Orecoe*    It  m  to 
itiv^^^on^    And     to    blink    tli^ 
t^gluU  fact  of  jtll   H^tonr,  tbfit  t!if> 
Kma  oome. 

rlMI  w«  conoeiro  to  U  th^  trui^  CLji^- 

I  fi«v  of  btttofto  WU  Mid  dci^tinf ;  but 

lii^y  liiottWtt  tni' '       '         <  [fDiJOi-s  Uiat 

kttakMllSe  orgaab^  i'i<'tyi~the 

lit  of  A  truo  muvcrsfU  chtirch 

mm^  M  the  only  !^ue  out  of  tbo 

f,  Ibt  v^""  *'' '  ..1;  --me,  and  yt« 

fjj  o  tho  |>r«- 

eoodttloT  J     Tisosa 

itdakit  have 

^^  UlMenir  .  done 

fmatxijin  t\  .iment^aMd 

jaooa.     I  loratA  ur>w, 

a  ptf^JMSt  iN^kutM  U  tM^iiion,  aikd  a 

"  QOi  of  politico!  ooonornji  to 

i  Jmii  rckUon*   mmoof  niMi,  and 

1  ttusm    witti    abandiaee,    Aod 

laaa  audi  are  ax^hbrad^  but  not 

,  iadiriduaJji  will  bo  onabled  to 

I  a  lila  which  fthaJl  bt  tmintnily  nobla 

''Baak  ya  tlrit  tha  klogflom 

fill  Go4  Hftd  (ti  tkhl4oiMiia«i*'  «ayi  iho 

ISaripiitro,  '^aad  all  othar  thLiif»fr!ll  ho 

r»l4od  Uicroaiito;* 

^-Onr  joaa0  fHead^  Bataxii  Tatldk, 

kdaarlj  iht  tra?aU«r  of  tha  tiiii«tc«3iUi 

I  MOtiiry.     Bruoii  Miuifo  Park,  Lodyiutlf 

^  Cook»  and    Burckharilt,  wero 

[aaaanaly   hia  Hfak  b  ttoinji  ah<mt  tiio 

I  wodd,   and    only    UumboldL,    M^idmuo 

fMftf^  and  oof  ooontTyttiaii,  Dr.  Kaoc, 


have  seen  an  mtieh  of  Its  surfttoo.    Ha 
wm  «<*nroi*ly   flmigcd   when  he  wfllked 
over  Europe,  nnd  made  a  |d«atiing  book 
out  of  tlae   tlutigs  he  saw.      We  next  j 
hoard  of  liiio  in  Cjilllbrnift,  about  whict 
he  gave  ij»  an  at  her  book  ;  tlitiii  in  Mex- 
ico ;  shortly  af^erwiirda  iu  Central  Africa; 
and,  fmttUy,  in  India,  Chiua,  and  Japan,  j 
The  Nonlj  and  South  Foles,  we  preaum^  j 
are  tbeoDlj  remaiDlng  regions  that  could  I 
furnish  his  eye  with  any  novelty.     Ho  is  j 
iho    mod  era    01ys*ei^    who    Ims    s*fca  I 
**  many  countHen^  many  men,"  hot  with  j 
a  double  *ai^>enority  over  lii^^  ancient  pro*  j 
totypc— firstly,    in  that  he  is  ft  young  ^ 
miiii  ;  and  secondly,  in  that  tko  ! rarer-  i 
aable  irlobe  m  vastly  bigger  now  tluiii  ill 
was  tioi).     A  BUI  all    corner,    only,   of] 
Eumpcs,  Asiaj  and  Africa,  waa  known  t©] 
die  Greeks^,  whereas   now  wo  liftvo  th«i 
wliole  of  the&o  wmtinenta  finite  w*eef- 
sible,  with  an  entire  new  continent  on 
this  »id*s  the   water^  nnd    inntimerablo 
islands  of  ilie  aea,  to  mj  nothing  ot 
Australia  and  the  hyperbHr*^"^!'  n  idm^. 

Mr,  Taylor's  latest  hoi-  f^nef] 

to  Ctntral  Afrie^i^  ia  an  i  r,  we  ( 

hUppo?»e,  upon  thohin  tahwr  works  which 
are  Ui  carry  us  thniugh  Persi-ia,  Blndof*^ 
tan,  Ciiina,  and  Japan*    It  imrr^iea  <4a 
much  of  Im  moro  recent  travels  as  rel'er 
t^>  Egypt,  Arnbio,  and  Abyaeinia,    Ik- 
ginning  at  AI«iandriai  it  takes  os  np  tha  { 
Nilo  to  tho  junction  of  tha  Blue  am}  \ 
White  W%\e%  and  then  along  thtt  Whit«^ 
Nllo^  almost  tii  iho  Indian  Occ'an.    Kvcrjr 
atop  of  the  way  we  find  fiili  of  iuterc*u 
A  clear,  fdtnple,  and  truthful  uarrattve^  \ 
giTea  us  ooiifideitco  in  our  guide,  wbila 
an  undaroiureot  of  strong  yist  genial  en* 
thtL^asm  koepa  aUva  and  animated.    Mr.  ^ 
Taylor  Is  ona  of  thoao  tmveUert  whii  < 
never  overwhelnis  us  with  learning,  ga^  i 
thero^i  out  of  books  j  who  never  nauio- 
alea  ns  by  an  oxcc^  r>f  »cnttment ;  who 
nover  tries  haw   tiuoly  ho  can   write; 
and,  what  \t  rare,  who  iie^ar  astounda 
us  by  miraeuloQi  adfau^irii  and  wiiop- 

£lng  lies*  Un  tolls  tiH  what  ho  hui  Fcea 
laaenaibte,  dirf?et  way,  and  yet  with 
sufficient  claameas  and  faintsaa  of  detail 
to  enahlo  tat  to  bi^como  intaroateil  ^am* 
pagmmM  du  im^4»«,  IHa  nature  ia  too 
eaiUMt  to  allow  him  to  itiJolga  In  wit,, 
though  Hia  daacrlptiont  are  by  no  ineani  * 
daticfent  hi  Tivitdt^.  Uh  wm  are  keen 
a&d  obiarvant,  and  when  ha  dooi  git • 
na  a  aketoli  of  natural  f  concry,  Th«  pk- 
tnrtt  U  auro  to  be  w«tll  drawn  and  truly 
oolorad.  A  mora  deoidad  bve  of  tv* 
Koanoe  would  barart  a  greater  piiinonof 
md  flairor   \^  Ma  ^mm^^tvx^  unt  ^^m% 


344 


Editorial  NoIm — American  Literature, 


Sept 


other  hand,  might  impair  their  truthful- 
ness. Ho  is  the  least  of  a  grumbler,  too, 
of  all  the  travellers  that  we  know.  The 
untoward  incidents  and  mishaps  of*  his 
journeys  ho  receives  with  a  sort  of  im- 
perturbable complacency  that  shows  the 
true  philosopher.  There  are  men  who 
could  not  go  from  Bond  street  to  the 
Battery  without  being  ruffled  in  temper 
a  dozen  times;  yet  he  circumnavigates 
the  earth,  and  we  do  not  discover  a  single 
instance  in  which  he  loses  his  self-com- 
mand. It  must  be  a  delightful  serenity 
that  he  eiijoys;  or,  is  he  too  wi«e  to  put 
the  smaller  miseries  of  his  adventures  in 
books?  Even  tlic  fleas  and  bngs  which 
swarm  in  the  narratives  of  other  travel- 
lers, do  not  seem  to  have  the  power  to 
bite  and  sting  him  into  as|Kirity.  lias 
ho  travelled  so  much  as  to  get  case- 
hardened?  Wo  should  like  to  extract 
several  passages  from  tho  Journey^  but 
have  no  space. 

— Quito  a  different  stylo  of  traveller 
from  B.  T.,  is  our  countryman,  Pliny 
Miles,  whose  Nordurfari ;  or,  liavibles 
in  Iceland,  we  have  been  reading,  while 
Fahrouheit  has  been  above  00  in  the 
shade,  by  way  of  a  refrigerant.  Our  last 
acquaintance  with  Iceland  was  made 
through  Miss  Cooper's  translation  of 
Madame  Ida  Pfeitter,  whom  Mr.  Miles 
attacks  in  a  very  ungallant  manner,  call- 
ing her  "  tho  old  Austrian  dame — that 
Madame  Trollope,  iho  conceited  Ida 
Pfeifter—  tho  woman  that  runs  all  over 
the  world,  and  writes  books  about  what 
she  sees,  and  much  that  she  does  not  see ; 
and,  because  tho  Governor  of  Iceland 
would  not  be  bored  by  her  shallow  High- 
ness, then  she  pons  all  manner  of  false 
and  libellous  stories  of  the  most  kind, 
hospitable,  unoffending  rare  of  people 
that  tlie  sun  shines  upon.  The  best  com- 
ment that  can  be  made  on  her  book  is, 
that  she  describes  her  journey  to  Mount 
Hekla,  and  her  ascent  to  the  summit, 
when  the  people  here  tell  me  she  never 
put  her  foot  on  the  mountain  at  all.'* 

The  Icelanders  are  Mr.  Miles's  pots; 
his  memories  of  that  hyperborea'j  region, 
which  has  always  presented  itself  to  our 
imagination  as  one  of  eternal  frosts  and 
snow,  are  altogether  sunny  and  pleasant, 
and  ho  will  permit  no  other  traveller  to 
pen  a  word  to  its  discredit.  It  is  only 
against  Madame  Pfeiffer  the  Icelandic  tra- 
veller whom  he  directs  his  angry  shafla, 
and  not  Madame  Pfeiffer  the  intrepid 
lady,  to  whom  he  would  resign  his  seat 
in  an  omnibus,  like  any  other  Araerioan. 
Two  of  a  trade,  even  when  of  different 


sexes,  cannot  agree  even  in  Iceland. 
Bating  this  little  outburst  of  irritability, 
Mr.  Miles  is  anything  but  an  ill-natured 
traveller;  his  fault  lies  in  the  opposite 
direction,  and  his  jokes  are  so  inct^^aant 
that  they  become  wearisome.  His  Ice- 
landic experiences  and  reports  give  one  a 
strong  desire  to  visit  that  outer  verge  ot 
civilization,  to  look  into  the  crater  ot 
Mount  Hekla,  and  jnc-nic  among  the 
Geysers.  Excepting  that  the  sun  rises 
at  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  that  forest 
trees  are  only  three  or  f*)ur  feet  high,  and 
that  the  earth  produces  no  fruits,  Ice- 
land is  like  any  other  place.  Tho  people 
smoke  tobacco,  drink  coffee,  read  novels, 
and  talk  politics,  like  other  Christians; 
and  Mr.  Miles  tells  us  that  on  his  return 
from  Mount  Hekla  he  was  met  by  his 
reverend  friend,  president  of  the  college 
in  Reykjavik,  who  addre^ssed  him  in  tlie 
following  remarkable  manner : — The  old 
gentleman  was  '^  a  drinking  of  his  wine" 
at  the  hotel,  it  appears — ''My  dear 
Yankee  friend,  how  are  you ;  and  how 
is  old  Mount  Hekla,  and  the  big  Geyser, 
and  all  the  little  Geysers ;  and  how  are 
my  friends,  the  Sulphur  Mountains?"  A 
greeting  like  this  from  the  president  of 
an  Icelandic  university  ratlier  unsettles 
one's  notitms  of  the  gra\ity  of  the  Norse- 
men. "  Well,  you  are  one  of  tho  boys," 
continued  the  president,  "and  I  wish  I 
could  go  across  the  Atlantic  and  see 
Niagara  with  yon." 

Mr.  Miles's  book  is  rather  an  entertain- 
ing (me,  as  well  as  instructive;  but  it  is 
open  to  criticism  as  a  literary  ])roduc- 
tion.  It  is  dedicated  to  the  author  of 
FesixM,  and  plentifully  embellished  with 
quotations  from  that  strange  poem.  One 
of  the  chapters  has  a  quotation  from 
Shakespeare,  which  is  creilited  to  **  The 
Ghost  of  Old  Mr.  Hamlet,''  and  there 
are  many  more  such  niaiseries  which  do 
not  give  us  a  high  idea  of  the  author's 
gravity  and  seriousness  of  puriK>se.  Such 
instances  of  flightiness  tend  to  diminish 
our  cx^nfidence,  and  leave  us  in  doubt 
whetlier  certain  parts  of  the  book  be 
truth  or  fiction.  But  we  must  confers 
our  indebtedness  to  Mr.  Miles  for  pvin,  - 
u>  a  clearer  and  more  familiar  account  ot 
what  Iceland  actually  is  than  any  we 
have  ever  read  before.  If  he  does  not 
always  write  with  good  taste,  he  is  never 
dull ;  and,  for  our  own  part,  we  freely 
forgive  him  all  his  attempts  ot  fun,  for 
the  sake  of  the  information  we  liaTO 
gained  from  his  good-natnred  and  rol- 
Uddng  narrative. 


W^  A  ilf  .^\fi    J  li  I   I ,  J  j »  M  'Ilk  .■H._+  ^ 

mktTtycr  iMrc  vrtm  da»bi  and  dAfl^r^      and  ia^ 
ilidbil|t  for  fbfijT  y«in  wm  ^^r  tcuii^     opim  liis  t 


u^ 


CoUfii  SUdln^h 


Tbt5  Ijfe  of  Bt^dingk  And  its  moral 
»hauld  Attract  u^,  even  iftt  had  no  claim 
nj>oa  anr  gratitude.  A  career  mora 
vnried,  and  ft  rieher  experience  than  liis 
in  the  great  life  and  society  of  his  time, 
cannot  em\\Y  be  fonnd.  In  youtlij  a 
fa^orit^  of  ifarie  Antoinette  and  of  the 
Ifi^at  Oathorine  of  Ruaaia,  the  fandliar 
Mend  and  correBpoodent  of  brillitint 
CfustAvu^  the  Third,  the  graphic  narrator 
of  hbtorio  scenes  in  which  he  bore  a 
part — the  sUiry  of  his  life,  if  it  taught  no 
lessotts,  wo  old' at  least  engage  our  inte- 
ftsst^ 

With  this  belief,  ati  Amerieflti  desirei 
to  introdnoe  to  his  countrymen  a  hero 
with  olaiins  ta  their  acquaintance,  aud 
hopes  that  Inter  yalsi  n  othciat  vocation  may 
have  been  properly  etn|>Ioyeil  in  cottipjling 
the  following  memoir.  The  eventa 
related,  at  least  those  in  which  Stedingk 
ia  <5onoerned,  stand  upon  hie  own  ster- 
ling testirnonv,  Mnch  of  ilie  narrative  h 
<)abipEed,  and  all  the  letter*extracts  are 


selected  from  officnut  despatehei^  private 
oorrei^pondence  and  other  intereAting 
memoranda  pabliahed  some  years einoe  hf 
his  son-in-law^  Gen.  Cotmt  BjdniAyerna, 
One  episode,  prcbably  the  least  inexcusa- 
ble, is  gjithered  from  a  sort  of  |irivai# 
history  of  the  election  of  the  Bernadotte 
dynasty  to  the  crown  of  Swedeti ;  an 
event  abundantly  proved  to  have  been 
the  f^lvatiun  of  Swedish  indepeodeDce. 
The  sketch  of  tbia  event  is  drawn  from 
the  pergonal  narrative  of  the  young 
subaltern,  who  first  conceived  the  pro- 
ject, and  who,  intrepid  and  resolute^ 
clang  to  bis  great  idea  throogh  every 
obstacle  and  danger.  Other  historical 
memoranda  added  here  and  there,  have 
been  written  upon  current  authorities — 
Hildreth  and  Mahonj  Thiers,  S^gnr» 
and  Geffi'oy;  several  Swedish  annalists^ 
and  upon  the  inform adon  of  living 
observers, 

glfl«kbalm,  June,  1651. 


PAET 


Tri»  earrie^t  traces  of  the  family  of 
Stedingk,  are  fotjnd  in  what  wa^  long 
known  aa  Swedish  Fomerania.  Hot  far 
from  the  little  town  of  Anclam,  in  that 
ancient  province,  the  barona  of  Stedingk 
for  five  centuries  held  tiie  ca'^tle  of 
Pinnau.  Iti^  founder  was  a  Weslphalian 
knightf — a  refugee  from  his  native  coun- 
try^ after  the  murder  of  a  priest,  who, 
aa  tradition  runs,  had  impiously  retorted 
upon  the  Stedtngk^a  pareiinuny.  A 
timing  silver  coin  was  the  unmeet 
dtiirch»nfi:eriQg  of  a  weakhy  baron  ;  and 
when  his  wife  knelt  to  receive  the  com- 
umnioa  wafer,  the  irreverent  prieut 
thrust  the  paltry  gift  into  the  lady 'a 
tn»oth.  She  fainted  with  the  fright; 
and  her  Imsband  aacrilegiuosly  dravving 
his  sword,  plunged  it  into  the  chnrch- 
niat]%  heart  at  the  foot  of  the  altan 
Escaping  int<>  Pomerauia,  he  bought 
lands  and  tie^si,  and  founded  the  barony 
of  Stedingk. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  seven  years* 
war^  the  c&^tle  of  Pin  nan  tiad  deaoended 
to  Baron  Adam  von  Stedingk,  who 
married  tlie  daughter  of  th^^  famous 
Prnesian  Marahal  Sehwerin.  Their  son, 
tlie  subject  of  our  memoir,  and  the  eldest 
of  four  children,  wa^  bom  in  the  paternal 
oaade,  on  the  26th  of  October.  1746,  Ho 
was  baptised  Curt  Bogislaua  Ltioia 
Chri^opW.   It  was  the  custom  In  thos^ 


days,  in  Prassia,  for  every  male  clilld  to. 
weAr  a  red  collar,  as  a  pledge  of  x'uXiXTt 
ierviee  in  the  army,   Onr  ijttle  Kiedijtgk 
in  Potnerania,  the  grandson  of  the  mill* 
tary  tutor  of  Fredorio  the  Great,    wa 
also    thus    labelled ;    and    his   warllki 
sponsor,  liolding  him  over  the  bnptisiitj| 
ionU  e:£claimed  ^'  May  God  one  day  rnaki 
this  itifant  what  X  am  now !     May  h^^ 
bravely  serve  his  country,  and  w^in  the 
baton  of  a  marshal  I"    The  child  grew 
up  in  fame  not  inferior  to  his  renowned ^ 
grandfather,  and  in  due  time  the  miLP«f 
jihal^s  baton  was  bia  well-earned  trophy. 

In  1757,  war  broke  out  betw^een  Swe- 
den aud  Prussia,  and  the  elder  Stedingkj 
repaired  to  the  fieadquarters  of  his  kin^l 
He  had  preii-ionsly  served  under  Pruasiaa 
colors^   an   aide-de-camp  to   Schwerin  |J 
and  Frederic  the  Greats  beset  with  ene*  < 
miee«   Austrian^   Swedish,    Frenclt   and 
RuHsian,  wrote  urgently  to  the  sou-in-law 
of  his  aged  mare^htd  to  enlist  n{.»on  th&J 
side  of  Prnaeia.    It  appear*  to  hav^  hf*AQ 
agninst  the  real  inclination  of  S     ' 
tliat  he  determined  to  be  a  loy. 
He  «*nfej*aed  in  his  reply   to 
that  "with  four  children  he  i 
of  all  consiider  their  future,  "'  ' 
a  anbje<Jt  of  the  king  of  t>: 
nnaUle  to  follow  the  vv^^'  - 

Pomerania  was  re[ 
the  Pmssians^     Youj.^  ::,.._.,  ,  .:i 


IB&4.} 


(huni  Skdit^k 


347 


of  ibirtaen  yeira,  loflrobod  with  hh 
wi    Mid    At    BtnLlsiintlt   wlien    the 

aAti«l2i9  brava  Isoj^  listen Uij^  ti>  thts  tMn 

ilMHnl»H  aad    ki^w    fitmiliiir  wiUj    the 
•i^lil  and  luiirid  uf  war. 

T  ihu©  tb«  foftune»  of  tKe 

j3»  Hiod.     Fiiiimu  was   laid 

H9uvf  ftftck&d  i^ad  burtj tr  oEd 

<  iitoriUliiii  of  pence  our  hisro, 

«  .^, . ,  woA  wnt  to  Sweden  to  aik 

ff»n«r  £or   lib    hoiuele^    poretitA.     He 

p^i^mtA  ft  win  tor  mi  Sui^kiiouu,  wbere  hia 

tttKi  ilur  r«ttrwt  J»>»  ruisfoniKie*,  and  his 

iMttrmg  «imted  g^nerd  iut«reit 

^^f   fjromiiieQt    Cattnlies    eDtertained 

tjD,  ickd    his   b^^mifie   ihepkytuAte  of 

*  imuig  Vaad  prinoeii.    The  iutiniacy 

1  flivor  vr:th  wLicIi  lie  was  ftftarwArdi 

,  li«b«d    !>/    Qtiit&vaa   tlie   Third, 

w  Qioch  from  UlU  enrly  friead^liip  : 

'  i«li«f  for  hli  pnreotA^  In  tli^^r  rtJinad 

i^  terom  lli«  Bmlttc!,  doc^  not  mppoar 

•^    ^T«  Mlow«d. 

^  ^Stodingk^  Jiowever,  and  lib  youiTger 
'•*^K»|W,  |>ruGuHl  well  by  tht-ir  jiosili*in 
*^^  a  STiietU  of  tfduciitiou  huajorou^ly 
•fe^tchiNi  by  i  late  lu^inbcr  of  liii*  faoiily* 

***  u  presoooo  of  th«ir  parents^ 

1*^^^  dVttfi  ftt  dinner.     ICuoh  Uiiln,  ma  eh 
^^A^ebiiiti,  iif!»  wint\  no  ootffM^  and  tlte 
l^^j>«r#ry  **  1  koow  not  if 

I  **-      wi»  a\  Ju,**  our  AuUiority 

**^^i^  "but  Cart  bv<yiiuo  field- inarfthal 
***'  $wt4eii ;  aad  YicUtr,  hit  yauugec 
'^c^^nJMr,  grmtid-#duijrid  of  the  timV* 
.  Ve  liare  already  a^en  tl»e  eldar  of  the 
a  bc>y  e»Jti|pi  %t  the  iiega  of 
In  die  f>Ltllow!ngyeer,  be  waa 
Heuiuaatit  of  bfiiiitry,  bol 
_  , .  g  Aa7arUieles«i  U»e  good  fortune 
^^J*  li  aeni  to  the  uDivcrfiity  of  UpN&la^ 
^^^^fcert  grtvX  pliih>s4t(»hers,  Unnd  and 
^H^^Paloa,  wcro  renowueil  pr<4'«^^orff.  At 
^F*^^  ac^  af  twoaty<»no,  he  wa*  lionorAbly 
V  ^=^4iiatei]  at  the  Svroclinh  Ainm  Mater, 
■J^  wtfol  forth  wpII  "prepared  for  tbo 
'^■i^i^  •ceo^,  and  all  liiv  great  variety 

*nhe  <y}<iditicin  of  Sweden  at  thb  time 
L  ^  di^lormbk*  The  ttatu  waa  diTided 
^P     ^  t#o  friAl    political    faotJoa%    alike 

^     ^HM  aiNl  r' *     TlHbGi  frora  abroad 

I  ^titfiocli'  m^Ij  by  aaaatora 

V^^i«wti  the  ,„. .,  uf  the  kmg*a  moit 

wfdaatii]  ollloer^    ft  wa«  the  Mdod 
«f  flit  **  Data  "and  "Cap*''-,    ^Fmnoe 
againtft  **  AgrfcaUnre 
.^    ft  U  »earoety  poiaible  to 
tlia  oomipdoti  amoag^t  all 


connected  with  government.  The  kiiif*> 
do  in  wita  at  the  morcy  of  the  bigheot 
bidder,  and  nothini^f  could  have  arreted 
the  6d%  but  the  tlnjincdi^  aud  prorupUioM 
of  Gu>tavu3  Uie  Tiurd ; — ik  great  **  ooup 
d"4Lttt'*  aa  it  would  now  he  tono^, 
which  rt^nd^md  hb  ri^igu  one  of  tli^^  must 
retnarkablo  in  history, 

Onr  hert)  arrived  in  Stockhulra  from 
Opaak  t»ome  short  timti  before  ttjii^  cHitla, 
and  was  doxucaticatHl  in  the  fuuuly  of 
hia  father^a  luident  friend,  Oonnt  Char  lea 
de  Sparre,  the  governor  of  the  ciiy,  a 
senator,  and  the  Jeud^r  of  the  llati. 
The  youth  wai  often  the  reluctant  bttir*  * 
er  of  piickogea  of  money  sent  by  tins 
per^ionage  to  various  inetnbers  of  Uie 
I>iet;  and  whatever  was  under  diiK5U«- 
flion  waa  osuolly  decided  by  the  weight 
or  lightness  uf  Uie  |>aekage«  witli  which 
he  was  charged.  Thtsse  tJnng*  made  a 
lasting  impreesiun  upon  youug  St^^dingk ; 
im»pirii9g  him  with  diitgust  far  the  Diet 
of  hh  own  country,  and  probably  pre- 
paring his  mind  for  no  gr^^at  friendship 
Rir  representative  asaieniDliea  in  goneral 
Greater  minda  than  hia  have  been 
warped  and  obentefl  by  sfogla  ezpenen- 
oea  lees  sad  than  tbla.  Ilia  early  predi- 
lection«  for  military  life  were  ilierefore 
render^  by  no  ineana  le^  anient  by  the 
conleiiipktion  of  aenntorial  prooeedings* 
Under  inoi^l  other  ctrouusatanoea,  the  ne- 
c^afiily  of  *ieeking  ei  a  ploy  in  en  t  under 
fofeigii  oolors  might  have  weighed  agaiiuat 
lib  ohoico  of  profeiaion,  but  it  had  be- 
come one  of  tho^  melancholy  ^aava 
when  love  and  re^pi^^ot  for  native  osnintry 
could  bo  better  d^terinhod  abroiu) ;  and 
^tedingk  resolved  to  take  scrvict*  in 
France,  He  carried  wttEi  tiim  eKOvdIent 
reoommendntioniL  and  fdm^iat  itnmc^ill* 
mU^j  received  from  the  Frgnuh  Minii>try 
A  tfiiWternV  eotuniMon  in  tlie  *'  I^Jyal 
Begiment  of  Swedea/^ 

Aaingnlar  inddent  occnrro<l  soon  after, 
which  wiiji  not  without  ita  in  due  nee  U{Kin 
the  fort  li  nee  of  Sted  I  ngk ,  Haron  Tronok, 
the  famous  hero  of  captivity  and  uih- 
furtnne,  waa  the  etlitor  of  a  newMj*H|ivr 
in  the  city  of  Trivea^,  and  i-aiiy  in 
Au^ttt^  171%  he  aMtoniahed  lilti  rva«!i*ri 
with  an  i«  *  Tliiit  the  Kirtg^  t»f 

Bwcden  i  d  n  nivoliuion, 

Umt  the  N  (u*i«  iiiK^i  'thv.i  had  be«n  ovi^r- 
powered  by  the  royal  triKUH*^  and  that 
I  he  king  ha^l  a^»un..-^i  :.!.v,,Vuf.L>  i.r..s.  r. 
The  8wmll*li  ottli .  '( 

France,  nuart^jred    i  '- 

burg,  ealied  upon  btedingk  now  liov  at 
their  oa{>ta]tiii,  and  oharged  him  with  i\m 
ooQifHMUba  of  an  atV^TiMt  i^Tk%roiX>2^^\W^ 


848 


Count  Stedingk, 


[Oct. 


the  king.  It  was  immediately  done; 
the  signatures  of  all  were  affixed,  and 
the  letter  was  hurried  off  by  special 
courier.  It  reached  Stockholm  on  the 
19th,  the  very  day  on  which  tlie  king 
marched  upon  the  Senate  House,  and  was 
therefore  the  first  olfering  of  felicitation 
from  abroad.  How  Trenck  became  in- 
formed of  the  plot  remains  to  this  day 
among  the  unexplained  mysteries  of  his 
life. 

It  should  be  understood  that  while  in 
foreign  service,  St«dingk  still  remained 
nominally  Jn  the  Swedish  army.  Gusta- 
vns  the  Third  did  not  forget  his  play- 
mate, nor  did  he  forget  the  felicitation 
and  loyal  haste  of  the  Swedes  in  France. 
The  promotion  .of  Stedingk  at  home 
kept  equal  pace  with  Ids  promotion 
abroad.  Ho  was  made  lieutenant 
colonel  in  France,  and  four  years  later 
was  appointed  simultaneously  colonol  of 
Swedish  cavalry  and  of  French  infantry. 
He  remained  however  on  duty  at  Ver- 
sailles, where  he  lived  in  intimate  friend- 
ship with  Count  Fersen,  another  Swedish 
volunteer  in  the  cause  of  American 
devolution.  It  was  the  same  gallant 
hero  who  drove  the  carriage  of  Louis 
Sixteenth  and  Marie  Antoinette  on  the 
night  of  their  flight  and  seizure;  and 
who,  in  afterlife  attaining  high  Swedish 
dignities,  was  torn  in  pieces  by  a  Stock- 
liohn  mob  in  the  mad  belief  that  he  had 
poisoned  the  crown  prince.  Stedingk, 
no  less  than  his  biilliant  comrade,  became 
remarkably  a  favorite  of  the  unfortunate 
Marie  Antoinette,  whose  gaiety  and 
heedless  friendship  for  the  all-admired 
"  beau  Ferson,"  scandal  did  not  hesitate » 
to  color  indelicately  and  falsely.  * 

Stedingk  was  less  handsome  than  his 
superb  friend,  but  was  distinguished  for 
that  thorough-bred  look  which  imposes 
more  than  actual  beauty,  and  which, 
with  much  grace  of  demeanor,  and  a 
physiognomy  no  less  remarkable  for  an 
expression  of  kindness  than  of  his  cha- 
racteristic manliness,  never  failed  to 
atti-act  and  win.  His  letters  at  this 
period  already  exhibit  literary  talent, 
urapliic  sketches  of  military  events,  and 
army  discipline  in  France,  show  him  to 
Iiave  become  well  acquainted  with  the 
theory  of  his  profession,  and  to  have 
been  seriously  alive  to  its  realities ;  while, 
at  the  same  time,  his  trifle- writing  to  the 
elegant  gossip  upon  the  throne  of  Swe- 
den, was  skilfully  adapted  to  the  taste 


and  fancy  of  his  correspondent  A  spe- 
cimen of  this  will  throw  his  militanr 
heroism  perhaps  into  stronger  relief. 
The  following  are  extracts  of  a  letter  to 
Gustavus  the  Third ;  a  familiar  occoant 
of  the  birth  of  a  child  whose  fate  seams 
even  yet  a  mystery,  and  who,  some  of 
us  lately  believed,  had  been  discovered 
at  last  in  America,  a  remote  and  lonely 
missionary. 

«  YeriaiUes,  October  99d,  1781. 
"SiBE,— 

*  ♦  ♦  ♦  The  queen 
has  a  dauphin— bom  this  afternoon, 
twenty-five  minutes  after  one.  She  was 
perfectly  well  last  evening,  played  and 
talked  as  usual;  and  this  morning,  at 
nine  o^clock,  after  a  quiet  night,  she 
went  into  the  bath,  where  she  remidned 
somewhat  more  than  an  hour.  ♦  ♦  ♦ 
The  king,  with  Monsieur  and  the  Oonnt 
d'Artois,  was  ready  for  the  hunt.  The 
carriages  were  at  the  gate,  and  many 
people  had  already  gone.  The  king 
went  into  the  queen's  room,  and  althoagh 
she  would  not  admit  it,  he  saw  she  was 
suflfering,  and  instantly  countermanded 
the  hunt.  This  was  the  signal  for  every- 
body to  run  to  tlie  queen's  apartments ; 
the  ladies  all  in  d^nabill^ — the  men  in 
hunting  coats.  The  doors  of  the  ante- 
chamber were  closed,  and  strict  order 
preserved.  I  called  at  the  Duchess  de 
Polignac's.  She  had  gone  to  the  qaeen, 
but  I  found  the  Duchess  de  Quiche, 
Madame  de  Polastron,  the  young  Count- 
ess de  Grammont,  and  Monsieur  de 
Ohalons.  It  was  a  cruel  quarter  of  an 
hour  before  one  pf  the  queen's  women, 
dishevelled  and  quite  beside  herself, 
rushed  in  screammg  ^a  dauphin!  a 
dauphin  I  but  not  a  word  must  be  said 
about  it  I'  This  was  impossible.  We 
all  sprang  from  the  room  into  the  hall 
of  the  queen's  gnards,  and  the  first  per- 
son I  met  was  Madame  flying  to  the 
queen.  ^  A  dauphin,  Madame,'  I  cried 
out^  ^what  a  blessing!'  It  was  all  an 
accident,  and  my  excessive  loy,  but  it 
has  become  a  great  joke,  and  the  etory 
is  told  in  so  many  ways  that  I  fear 
Madame  will  bear  me  no  great  love  here- 
after. She  had  not  been  in  the  queen's 
room.  There  was  no  one  there  but 
Monsieur,  the  Count  d'Artois,  the  minis- 
ters, and  a  few  of  the  great  oflftcers. 
Everybody  else  had  gone  to  hunt.  The 
The  Duke  of  Orleans   returned   first, 


•Lord  HoIl«nd*s  **  foreign  BtminlBceiMef.*' 
Uvtof  Afe,  NomlMr  8ST. 


Bm  ntetatlon  in  London  QiurUrljr  BerltWi  1881^— UtttlPk 


iaa4.] 


Count  Siedm^k. 


349 


Xkm  tht  P]iiu>c  f!^  Con<ld,  mil  U^to  Du« 
flit  OlArtrc«  S»  Mti?  evinnn^,  Thu  iuit*- 
^ililllber   >:'    '  (^  ft  chart  Hi  Lig 

BfeCnrc,    1  -v*ive.    Every - 

Ddd^**  K19IHJ  »ii^  I  urn  CM.    t^eopl.    ' '     •', 

md  diAticH^d.     Mi?u  anil  wui^ 

pmb  who  don't  Ii>v«  the  queea  wero 
l^lia  ill  Niilt^'  i>r  i1-M^tT3Ht'fves, 

**  r  i:  diM^rs  of  the 

tit  'flung    open, 

-V,  ra^ljiint  with 
Dj,  bt'iU  h^iu  iu  Jiei'  ^o-i^d  and  pns^ed 
ifwurli  ittt*»  bentiA^i!  apni-tifiotit,     Cricfl 

'd«Sgbt  ;i      '     ^  .l^^W- 

•tiWldj  I  \\s:r 

■0||artj*t  h L*iirt.  i  c  \\  ik>  n <  * w  w  1 1  o  should 
Mw  tht  du)d,ijrttv«ii  the  littb  cui^hioii 
OB  wEleb  b«  Uj.  Hi^  was  wur9t]ip[H|(I 
Tkft  mrehbbbop  wss  for  d^camtlng  liim 
wkhmmrdm  ^Uu;  but  the  king  smd  they 
*BMl  ir«t  m^lie  him  a  Ohnitiiiii^  and  iit 
ktl^fiMt  ihfm  he  was  baptlEed.  It  waa 
A  niCHi  aagttHt  oeremony^  thert!  wi^ro 
^^Cfirwd^  of  {»eopte  uf  mtikt  arid  tlie  whok 
^  ably  WM  tt>nched  11  ud  rtyuldng. 
_.  1 1^<V  •'^*i  *be  prJncfts  tmik  placed  in 
"^i*  nddilte  of  thii  churchy  ivnd  Mailaine 
d«  Qn^tii^ii^  wuk^ed  by  thiA  grmt  dt»ur 
Willi  ihe  dAiiphlu  In  her  art  110.  The 
divreCi  r«aoaaded  wiUi  «pplauMe,  and,  ^^ 
^pltt  of  the  gt^    '     '  'I  BCAToely 

no^  fiir  the  p<  I Uo u t  h er. 

OlffdiMl Bahaii  |>vel> .<i  ^iieci^rumijny 

la  Ilk  forrfeoQA  puntifluia   roti^.     The 

S^if  th^  king  was  ddidoUA.  During 
viMie  ^treifioay  hbt  ey^  were  gtu^ 
Wfom  the  baby,  end  now  and  th<in  h^  laid 
kL  hand  ii|K>n  it  to  make  butc  hbi  eyc4< 
did  ckol  deceive  him.  Count  d^Artois 
prot^  ih&t  hb  lov^  for  tlieir  ui»Je^tii'fl 
J»*i  lirong^r  t^ian  fti'lf*iiiU'r<«t  f*v  di^ap- 
al  for  hj«  own  chSldrcn*  Evtjry- 
alKiut  him  Kt»«ke  ha|ipiritSH«  and 
^'  Httd  Madajne  KHiki'd  wAui- 

.iainoi!  »ciit<5d  throiigh^mt 
lttcrcrii>my  cUinittij|  to  be  ia  an  into- 
^taaihin,   while  Uooaf^ttr  and 
UNI  Hixaheth  acted  a«  iponN3>r»  far 
I  ftfi|ieror  mml  Madamo  dt  Plodmont. 
kD  ikt  royal  i^enotiagcvi  alf  ned  thu  act 
iitlitii ;  aatl,  aft«r  a  graml  To  Detinaj 
b#  Ooon  retir^l  to  the  n partus  nta  of 
>  iaUm U    E  V  c rj-  body  w  mji  fr4%*  to  l-  a  l  e r 
cdiAttib«r,  tttni,  tu  I  oiu  vt^ry  intimate 
MadlMno  d<>  Gu^']t]^n6»  I  nxnalaod 
tHf«  wh«'hf  ftft«irnuon.     All  Kr anoe 
:ho  pakcse,    1  wa«  iorry 
i!<»   (rrLnc^M,    the  kingi 
jiied  at  being  now 
V.    She   b  wtdioui 


exc*jptiiin  ihcj  prettJci^t  *  luM  I  ever  saw, 
Um  t<>-dny  lotjktsd  Ui  di^adviu^r-ige,  in  her 
tfibrtd  la  1 1  raw  attention  upon  herself. 

**Tlnj  diHiphiii  U  a  fitu*  large  child, 
lie  hits  nt>t  cried  yet,  a  gixjd  sign  of  biding 
well.  Indeed  nothing  wo*  ever  more 
hicky,  and  it  is  ail  uttrlbnied  to  tl»c  guod 
regime  of  the  queen,  and  t4>  her  dally 
baihs  fui'  the  !ast  seven  or  eight  too uiliiSi. 
H<'»n&ieur  Vernon  has  gone  contrary  ta 
cu^totn  in  all  this,  imd  seetus  to  be  very 
proud  of  xu  Everybody  had  been  inx- 
lons;  th«  poor  queen  had  not  had  A 
happy  experieoee,  and  bbe.wa^  herself 
flljirmt^d.     *        •        •        ♦        • 

''They  thought  beet  not  to  tell  her 
iuimedlately  that  it  waa  a  dauphin,  fear- 
ing tht!  eflect  of  too  much  emotion. 
Everything  around^  therefijrei  waa  kept 
quiet;  and  observing  in  thiij  a  sort  of 
con^tr&lnT,  she  ftdt  iure  it  waa  a  ^rh 
She  said,  'You  «ee  I  am  reigned— 1  adt 
BO  <^nestiuns/  The  king*t  eyee  over- 
flowed ^  m  he  roee  and  ejccliiiined, 
*  Mon.Hiear  le  Dauphm  denmuds  admit* 
tance  1*  Those  who  aaw  what  followed 
describe  ihe  &cene  an  beyond  everything 
touching,  Tim  child  was  brought  to 
hi»  intither,  who  at  la»t  said  to  Madame 
Gu6in^n{^f  Hake  hlin,  he  belongs  to  the 
Bute,  but  I  mui^l  h^ive  ray  diiugbter,* 

But  it  is  high  time  I  &niiih  tlila  bujletiu. 
1  heg  your  n>t%je*1y**  iiardon  humbly  for 
itj  incohi'ri^nee,  1  heiu'd  a  courier  waa 
to  set  uJT  for  Swt*den,  and  I  Imve  im  time 
to  o<illt»i-t  my  St!  til  1  cannot  deny  m  v  tkilf 
the  ap|Hjrtunity  of  idaeing  myitetf  at 
ycmr  nu^eety V  fe^t,  it  ia  no  long  ainoe 
anything  way  have  r&c&lled  m«  to  your 
mind, 

''I  write  thia  at  the  Prince  de  Pois'8. 
lie  wtiuld  alio  place  hlin«kdf  at  your 
rnflg««ty''ft  foeti  a^  ^^U  a«  Madame  de 
Deux-pont^  and  Ednard  Dillom 
"  1  aJUJ,  etc!.,  ete.,  etc*, 

"OuBTv.  BTRnutnK** 

The  king*s  replic*  w*^re  u«ua!!y  punc- 
tual, lie  acknowledged  *Mnhtiit«  pk*a- 
iUre**  in  all  thi§  go^in,  *'  I  laiighi^l^" 
aaid  hOi  ^^al  your  ^allanl  rnauuHr  of 
annotmdng  Ui  Madanie  that  her  ha»- 
hand's  ho  pen  of  twioj^  Kiuy:  of  Franee 
were  at  an  €ni|,'^  Uo  made  hts  reply,  aa 
mual  aliko,  an  oooaiiion  of  advlfiing 
Stedingk  to  return  U)  hb  own  ot*eniry^ 
and  like  a  itt^^rling  friind  aa  indeed  h« 
knew  how  lo  be,  wrou:*  aonii  tc^nnd 
neujHi  upoti  this  |i<iint  ^*  I  know  w^ 
the  attraetiouA  arid  seducttuna  of  Pana; 


f^  lA  be  unil^Vnflt  6"^^       GO*''*' 


..Vv\e^'^,         "6^*'' 


^MX 


tooTB  *''^,  ottttoa  "^  Iitt'^^^Tt.ia  o^'^' 


boa  ft    .^.6  to*»'^"°  cV«o»"?'  JjioiW*  -. 


350 


Count  Skdin^k. 


[OoL 


and  that  tTie  Itiiidneae  of  tho  queen,  whom 
jt  IN  eo  isati^ml  ro  love,  and  the  cha/ma 
*%(  &  nio?^t  ^lehghiful  KK;i«tj,  are  hard  to 
give  up;  but  on  the  other  hand,  your 
porapt^cttve  in  Frtinc^e  in  extretnelj  limit- 
ed Uy  your  religiaa  auf!  by  your  foreign 
allegjanee.  A  mjui  of  condition,  more- 
overi  m  alwAvs  better  at  homo  than 
abmad.  Rcfloi't  on  these  things,  and 
write  yuur  ^iews  fully.     If  I  can   aid 

you,  it  will  give  me  great  pleasure/* 
*        ^        m        *        *        * 

Few  hbtoric  characters  have  niore 
contradictor  J  tjletneiit^  npon  their  sur- 
face tht-m  tJiose  wliich  puzzle  the  bio- 
RTapliers  of  Gnstavua  the  Third.  Fear- 
ies:!  and  intrepid  hs  any  fubalous  knight 
in  the  days  of  old  romance,  it  foUowed 
ilmt  he  po^aeaaed  many  kindred  qoalities 
to  give  luatre  to  hb  career.  With  a 
resolute  selt^evotion  hardlj  j^urpa^taed, 
he  wrested  the  govertimeut  at  every  per- 
aotml  hazard  from  n  most  corrnpt  and 
feet  ions  aristtJcracy,  and,  ptis^esr^ing  him- 
*elf  fjf  pivwer  more  absirilute  than  any 
autocrat  of  t!ie  day,  he  waa  yet  great 
enough  to  eneijmpass  it^  of  his  own 
accurd,  with  decorous  liruita;— a  ftict 
which,  eouflidering  the  period  and  the 
traiuing  of  tho  man,  ehoold  be  noted  with 
high  hoBor  to  GustavuB.  Unfortonotely, 
it  was  not  abstained.  Ilia  country  saved, 
and  iiii  fame  with<)ut  a  blenu^h,  he  tra- 
velkHl  through  Europe  edii  biting  the 
vanity  of  a  btiy,  and  seeking  every  oppor- 
tunity to  relate  the  story  of  hU  revolu- 
tion. Incessant  applanae  is  uowhole- 
aorn@i  ftT^d  the  mind  of  Guatavu^  lost  ita 
healthful  neaii.  *"  What  reign,"  exclaimed 
he  to  hiii  Council  of  8tate^^ — *^what 
reign  was  aver  gloHona  without  war  ?" 
He  attacked  hii  neighbor  ruthlessly  and 
uflawaroa;  and  his  be?t  ajiolugi^tcs  find 
no  bkter  explanation  than  ih»t  the  Rua- 
iiau  armies  were  on  distant  service,  the 
Bwedi^h  uiind  Bt*iod  in  need  of  diversion, 
Pultawa  must  be  avenged,  aud— the 
empress  eal led  hi i  u  c^ >nt^ oi ptnou^  nam es, 
— *^ fancy  actor.^*  aud  the  like,  A  hesi* 
tatiug  and  unskilful  general,  he  returned 
baffled  And  fiumiliated,  but  happily  with 
wiser  reaoliitions.  He  buried  himself 
with  plans  for  the  internal  improvement 
of  his  cocmtry^  and  ericouras^'ed  refloe- 
ment  and  letters,  which  did  Iiim  honor ; 
hut  there  was  un  insntiate  extravagance 
and  ]ovo  of  pleasure  wliich  miugled 
dratv hacks  in  every  euterpri^.  Utterly 
nuablo  to  comprehend  events  in  France^ 
or  to  profit  by  their  lesions,  he  c<ju1d 
write  clovt-r  cotnediei^  and  paint,  make 
mualo   and  roar   palaces,  himself  the 


architect.  He  built  an  elegant  opem- 
hooae,  delighted  in  mucked  balb,  and 
disguised  as  a  knight'erriiut,  spent  fifty 
thousand  dollani  on  a  gingle  tonruey. 
Ten  yeara  later,  in  the  midst  of  gt'ave 
administrative oaras  and  at  a  time  when 
we  are  lold  the  loywlty  and  patriottsfii 
of  ]m  pe<^pl^  needed  the  stiiuulus  of 
war,  he  w*rote  to  Stockholm, — "Bring 
me  the  ^treidi  Moli^re'i  volume  of  F^tea 
at  Versailles,  and  Father  M^ii^tritr^i 
work  npun  Jonsts  and  Tiitini: ;  AHosto 
alswi,  Jeru!?alem  DelivtiKsd,  UEsprit  des 
Femtne^  C^l^brea ;  bring  me  these  books 
in  Finland ;  yon  see  we  are  planning  a 
tourney."  Mb  court  waa  thft  scene  of 
outrageous  scandal ;  and  as  tt  wa^^  hia 
dreadful  fate  tti  he  murder*jcl  at  la&t^ 
there  seemed  to  lurk  even  in  the  attend- 
ant eiroum^tanoes  a  iort  of  appropriate 
tableau.  Charles  the  Twelfth  waa  mur- 
dered in  jack- boo ta  inihe  trenches  of  a 
siege.  Gu^tavus  the  Third  in  a  silken 
doublet  it  a  fancy  ball 

Aa  my  oonntrymen  are  snppoeed  to 
have  more  res^iect  than  the  Swedes  for 
Voltaire's  historic  re^^earches,  it  may  lie 
well  to  say,  that  the  behef  is  general  in 
Sweden,  tJiat  Charles  tho  Twelfth  dltMj 
by  the  hand  of  an  asaaasin.  Thirty 
years  after  the  event,  and  iteveral  yeara 
after  Yoltaire  wrote,  the  wound  waa 
carefully  reexamined,  and  by  testimony, 
thus  obtained,  it  appears  to  have  been 
established,  that  the  bullet  could  nut 
have  oome  from  the  enemy's  works,  but 
most  have  been  discharged  from  within 
the  trench  in  which  the  king  wa^^  re- 
dining.  A  French  aidenJe^eainp,  who 
was  in  attendance  at  the  moment,  haa 
been  oliieQy  vui^pected,  instigated,  it  was 
supposed,  by  the  prince  ana  princei^s  of 
Uea^.  The  latter,  the  sister  of  tlie 
king,  is  related  to  have  bestowed  upon 
thi^  aide-de-camp,  who  first  brought 
her  the  news,  a  golden  ewor,  in  whioli 
she  was  washing  her  hands.  She  be- 
came Queen  Ulrica,  and  abdicated  in 
favor  of  her  busbaoih  Frederic  the  FiT9t 
Yoltaire^i  defence  of  the  accused  partieiS 
is  rejected  by  a  learned  historian  of  the 
present  day,  Frofeaaor  Getfrny, 

Stedingk,  already  a  man  of  the  world 
and  an  accotnpli-^iied  C(jurtier,  Tinder- 
stood  the  ladders,  hy  vvloch  men  ch'mbed 
more  readily  in  those  day??,  ai^^l  liiil  ii**t 
lose  his  o|ipiirtmutloft.  He  ' 
tavus  enchaniing  little  flatten^j  ,    ■  v 

tainted,  liowev*?rj  with  the  ta)s*miieif<?wi 
of  style  that  belonged  to  the  age.  11  ci 
wii!i  too  manly  and  too  frank  for  th« 


I 


1854,] 


Count  Stidm^k, 


S$l 


;  ^edkttUoQ  phrAMS  of  the  tliy,  but  pos- 
ii#vgrLhe]««^,     nmoh    of     the 

to  tli«  mitbt  of  i?ourt!y  oliarms  imd 

llMltifttUini^  vrlUt  wbieh  bewan  now  sur* 

rodtniled,  Uie  war  brake  4*ut,  In   which, 

with  A  faundnoct    gallant   foT^igneiVf  ho 

10  btooine  dear  to  A  men  on*    Eo- 

I  thmftftMHi  tuii  gnw  up  in  France  for  lh« 

'■tfnHAlUndo  putfiotg,  and  Europe  wa^ 

1  Xq  *c0  tli43  mnojcnt  ct>art  of  the 

» BoarboQii  allwd  with  refmbltcan  revohi* 

►  tloci.  Great  names  w^re  jiiHCPib<^fl  a^  mn- 

iplm  Toltiuteeri,     YattbAit^  KunUles,  Laq- 

psom,   Coigiiy,   Perigi>rd,  8%tir,  OilUm, 

fhidMtmdj  Miltd  in  hb  own  «h]p  fur  the 
world,   tMkmg   with   him   the 
<|9  Kalb,    Kojwiiwko,   Puld-^ki, 
I  SImImii  w^re  ftlr«&(lj  in  lite  field, 
«ftir  Sw»d«^  Stedingk  nm\  Feiven, 
m  mtij  to  ckim  the  «Jicr«d  service. 
IJfW<t«fl  wait  pluoiiM^J    U|Kin    the   Htntr  of 
l^ioclttnibeii^   fought   uiid^r   T^favctti% 
1  recti Vid  JW^ni  Uie  hands  of  Wttsh- 
jji  pcraDn,  the  badgo  of  CbeiM- 
Sledillldt,  ooTrffiiatidiu|^  abri^de 
Mitij,  Miled  in   1T7S,  two  yean 
tun  bift  IHend^  m  the  fl^t  of 

•         •         a  iT         *         « 

At  tblft  (Uf,  while  we  may  oonoeda 

» diptrti&re  of  tSie  floet  from  Newport 

jmiw  bueti  an  net  of  pnideac4»  and 

i  ftidginetit  undar  tb«  dronjiiatihoeis 

It  latt  m^y  to  nndervtaivd  why  the 

[moo  tru0|iii,  pro«iii«cKl  to  SuOivaDf  should 

tbareboiii  landed.  It  must  have  biN^u  a 

'  iDOmt^nt,  when  the  signal  to  waigb 

MCi  Hottiniz;  at  the  adiiiiral^s  itiaab^ 

D*Ejitj*ing  was  not  a  maJi  to  have 

1  tJie  ortkr  h Ithuiit  eioottun.     Jim 

btart  wai  oonirolled  donhll&tM  ^ly  a  deep 

o(f  ntotttlt^,  and  we  lony  funcr 

lhaflligiipirltof  Hteditiffk  and  DiUtTtt, 

Omf  gu>^  fnnn  the  Fro^icb   dorkA, 

aaluttd  with    tho    roar    of 

(lit  Amtrkftn  fniu  booming  over  tbe 

',  water*  of  tbt  bay  without  an  echo 

I  thatr  alli^a. 

After  two  fiionibt  at  Boston,  which 

ktm  «vanta  render^  ^xtreiovly    roin- 

ItifllcMit  D'Etftaiiig  taHed   for  tho  Went 

Plo^ti^     Hk  Ar»t  «Miay,  the  relief  of  St, 

waa   noiiioetNiifn),    and   ho   was 

I  by  Byron,  witl*  a  »uijeriof  flt^l. 

[  to  Maniitjqtie.     11  ere  be  waw  compalka 

ilo  dtdlDt  r«p«ated   ohalUinfe«   of  the 

ItiaU  aihiiirmlf  who  at  length  aalled 


with  a  convoy,  St.  Yiiicent  was  thou 
taken  by  the  French,  and  witli  n  Jlwjfc  ] 
hirgely  reinforced  ^  they  tnad^  I  heir  j 
descent  upon  Greniwb.  On  all  these  I 
CNMsasiona  Btedingk  woo  high  honor  laJ 
the  bulletlttii.  At  Grenada  he  waa  &  j 
btfro  in  an  action  of  no  eommon  eba- 
rooter. 

The  troo{^)a  disembarked  on  ttte  2d  i>f 
July  (IT7&)  in  a  Utde  eove  jn^l  b^vorid 
the  range  of  the  BrUifih    guns,     they 
»craiuhlcd  with  difficulty  over  rocks  and  i 
cliffn,  which  hem  the  dmr^  and  wart  \ 
drawn    np    next     morning    on     better  i 
ground,    ready    for    the    assault,     Th« 
English    cyjtnniander,    I^ord    Macarlii^y, 
had  fortified  him.^lf^  be   believed,  iru- 
pregnably^  on  the  auniinit  of  assteep  liilli 
which  commanded  all   the  stirrounding 
plain.     At  three  o^ clock  in  the  muruiug 
the  French  advanced  in  throe  caiurntift,  | 
Stedingk  leading  the  centre  in  front  of  i 
the  enemy's  main  battery.    The  crest  of  ; 
tho  bill  was  at  once  a  sheet  of  6re. 
Bombs  and  grenidea  foU  alao  from  forta 
and  ^hips  in  tba  barborf  tbiok  trpoti  tbo 
asaailante,  who  advanoed  silently  aimotfi 
tn  thp  foifi  of  tlie  works,  and  then  runbed 
forward^  ^tortniog  th«  eoironchmenta^one 
afler  th«  other,     Bledingk,  with  a  single 
ATjldier  at  bin  side,  waa  the  first  tttan  ai 
the  main  redoubt.    It  waa  too  b!g)i  Ibr 
him   til   scale  witliout   aainetanee,    He 
desired    the  soldier  to   pusti    him    np. 
^LNo,^'  said  the  man,  whose  name  onght 
to  have  been  preserved^  '^  I  will  tuoaot 
first  and  help  yon  to  follow,^*    At  be 
eipoke,  the  unknown  hero  waa   stmok  \ 
down  with  a  mortal  wounds  and  **hli 
dead  body,*'  wroio  Stedln^k  a  few  d^t 
after,    **«ervcd  me  Jki  a  hMlder/*    The 
Fr«fuch  were  rnthteti  viotora,  and  in  tht 
lerriblo  maasacre  ibat  enaned,  It  waa  at 
tlxe  immincint  risk  of  hit  own  M%  thai 
our  c'hiviilront  Swede,  intarpotiDg  at  n 
timidy  moment,  beat  down  tho  bayooeta 
of  hi^^  InfiiriHied  j^ien,  aiid  rescued  the 
iWm  (^f  two  young  Engliab  offloerflL 

The  ohief  traaanrea  of  the  town  hftd 
been  r^ioved  before  the  action,  intii  the 
fort.  Here  and  in  the  town  nl^o  the 
booty  waft  immense ;  and  in  tho  harbor 
no  leas  than  i^iity  vessels  haoame  the 
pHxea  uf  the  French.  At  daybreak  the 
fcngl  iMh  ad  m{  ral  at  taek  im]  D'  ¥*t  ai  ng  w1  th 
a  doet  tif  twetity-f jni*  •hips  of  tliu  line  ; 
but  afl^r  an  obv  i^^ig«imeut  waa 

oompMely  hea'*  ving  the  wea- 

^®'  fM*«  iitQap<^i  uuii«r  oover  of  the 


»  kmr  I*  tktm  tvtOblt  ma!b*mUm,  \m  ftirlv  dated  **  Orvisad*,  Jmlj  1%  tTPO."    Kr,  WO^m. 
il  fagat*tttsit  tn^Mtitfv,  tildliif ,  ibAi  tlni  BnaOtb  tfti,  p^mUf  djuii^if4,  put  lii«  Ik  Ottfliai    ' 


^54 


Cmnt  Siidingh* 


[Oct 


glonoiiB  Jegion,  Other  oorpB  also  well 
en  stained  tlj«ir  credit ;  but  it  was'  the 
clarkest  hour  of  the  Revolution,  fttid  it 
CUB  not  be  wondered  that  Stedingk  mx^ 
bis  comrades  de^pmred  for  ua.  A  dreary 
fatality,  moreover^  appcarecl  to  reat  npoji 
the  uniuQ  of  French  and  Ariierioan  eo* 
liirs.  Three  eiiciTesaiive  attatnpts  at  C£>* 
<ij>eratton  had  misoarried ;  New  York, 
Hewpon,  and  now  Savannah,  whtire 
more  than  a  thousand  lives  were  sacri- 
ficed in  vain.  The  loss  of  the  Britiab 
did  not  atnonnt  to  mity.  Our  worsted 
allies  lifted  their  anchors  with  sod  fore- 
bciding^  for  America ;  and  but  for  the 
indomitable  spirit  of  l^ifaj'otte,  who  fol- 
lowed the  in  to  Paris  and  elonucutly 
pleaded  oar  cause,  all  hop«  from  Frnnco 
would  prolmbly  have  forsaken  us.  New- 
port was  destined  again  to  witness  what 
men  alteady  thought  fatality.  A  fourth 
time  eliiud^  darkened  over  the  union 
of  American  troops  with  those  of 
France,  and  it  was  not  nntU  Washing- 
ton and  Rocliainbeau  marched  side  by 
aide  to  Yorktown,  that  fortune  began  to 
smile  nj>on  the  allies. 

It  was  no  fault  of  Stedingk  that  he 
did  not  share  the  orowiiing  gloriea  of  the 
war.  He  exhatisted  every  de%noe  to  bo 
re-employed  in  Atnerica,  bnt  the  failure 
of  the  attempt  npon  Savannali,  accord- 
ing to  tvia  subsequent  letters,  evidently 
brought  upon  the  whole  arrny  of  D^Es- 
taing  the  relentless  dis]jleftsure  of  the 
French  ministry.  Hochambi^au^i  expe- 
dition was  on  foot ;  but  not  even  the  di- 
rect Jninenc^e  of  Marie  Antoinette,  ac- 
tively employed  in  favor  of  Stcdingk, 
eonld  obtain  employment  fi>r  hiiri. 
**The  queen  told  ms  yesterday  at  a 
little  party,  at  the  Countess  Jules  de  Pi>* 
lignsic's  (wrote  Stedingk  to  GostftvuB  the 
Third),  that  she  could  do  nothing  to 
make  raini&^ters  hear  reason,  1  see  then 
but  one  way : — ^that  your  majesty  should 
do  me  the  favor  to  write  the  king,  and 
a  word  to  M,  de  Maurt^pa?!,  This  would 
t>e  00 Delusive.  They  would  not  dare  re- 
fuse \  but  if  your  majesty  should  prefer 
to  write  the  queen^  she  will  be  charmed, 
ant]  with  such  a  recommendation  she 
would  be  strong,  indeed*  The  pleasure 
of  making  others  happy  is  enough  to 
engage  your  mi^estyV  consent  to  this^ 
and,  in  the  mean wf die,  I  will  presume 
again  to  add  that  a  foreign  regiment 
nnder  my  command  would  offer  an  open- 
ing to  tfie  Swedes,  whom  your  majesty 
mxk^  permit  to  enter  this  service,  and  it 


would  be  ensy  to  manage  matters  so 
that  our  yuung  officers  might  have  a  Wl- 
ter  school  here  than  hitherto.  What- 
ever regiment  they  give  tut*,  I  am  anre  to 
embark  very  bckio.  I  have  given  in  a 
memoiir  to  the  ministry  to  prove  the  ad- 
vantage tjf  sending  foreign  rather  tban 
native  r^  men  is  to  America,  and  I  be- 
lieve I  have  gained  tbia  point  at 
leasi,*' 

Every  effort  was  in  vain^  Goetavus 
did  not  evinc«  the  aympathiei  Steditigk 
hoped  for,  and  our  hero  was  reliuitaiitly 
detained  at  Versailles*  His  blood,  how- 
ever, had  flowed  in  the  canse,  and  his 
name  will  live  on  the  list  of  heroes  refe- 
renced iu  American  history.  The  minis- 
try, well-nigh  alone,  in  Franoe  were 
churl iHh  t#  tlie  brave  Swede.  The  king 
gave  him  tfie  command  of  an  Alsa^ie 
regiment,  and  made  him  knight  of  the 
Protestant  branch  of  the  order  of  St. 
Louis.  He  endowed  him  also  with  a 
life  pension  of  six  thousand  francs,  vad 
to(tk  opportunities  to  dbtingnish  him 
with  graceful  compliments,  **  We  have 
a  warm  morning  to-day,  M,  de  Ste^ 
dingk,''  said  Louis  the  Sixteenth,  address- 
ing him  in  the  garden  at  Versaiyea, 
"■but  not  so  warm  as  yon  found  it  in 
Grenada  I" 

Thti  King  of  Sweden  gave  liim  a  colo- 
nelcy of  dragoons  in  tol^n  of  his  gallant 
behavior  in  America,  and  made  him 
knight  of  the  order  of  the  Sword*  Sted- 
ingk wore  his  honori  modestly,  and 
in  doe  time  received  from  Wafihlngtoa 
the  badge  of  Gindnnatus.  He  wor«  it 
proudly  in  the  saloons  of  YersaiUea,  tm- 
til,  to  his  astonishment,  he  found  himfiiLlf 
compelled  to  lay  it  aside.  It  is  iiiine- 
nessary  to  characterize  the  spirit^  which  S 
inflicted  thi9  humiliation,  hut  we  may  | 
fancy  the  feelings  of  a  chir^roos  hesri, 
laboring  under  a  sense  of  no  ohoioe  btit 
obedienoe.    He  wrote  to  Gnstavns: 

**  Baron  de  Stad  *  has  communjcntcd 
yonr  majesty^s  order,  forbiil  nt 

Fersen  and  roe  to  wear  th*^  *»f 

the  society  of  Gindnnatus,  inj>itiut«d  by 
president  Washington,  for  the  mperfor 
American  and  foreign  oflloera,  who  luid 
the  good  fortune  to  diitingniah  tbem- 
selv4?s  during  that  war, 

^"l  shnuld  6rst  of  all  explain  to  jiKir 
m^esty,  that  I  have  worn  tliis  deoora^ 
tion,  with  all  my  companions  in  artni, 


*  Swedltti  AjatiMt4ilor  Is  Flfti ;  —  tbe  tiiuliantl  ttf  tfi«  Mthoreii  of  *^  Oovfimt.** 


lUL} 


Gmni  Si^in^L 


35^ 


I  WtWAOt.    If  J  KftTd  datie  wron|t,  hnti 

:  I  mm  90  Qofortucuitt'  9»  to  bavc  db- 

yunr  m4^i»lj,  1    fl'n    mml    un* 

,    I  very  h«n*tily  Wg  yonr   ma- 

f^  f0nyl^^^lli>*•;    hot  I  Ap|>oal^  how- 

W  :  -^tyV   owH    aeuse    of 

bjntioe.     ^^^  -fbk«  tVir  m^  to  fi»re< 

li|iMldD|r,  ^e  rot  aB  urder.    They  liare 
^ndiiier  ft  gmi(}-uiii^t«r,  nor  r^eeptkiiu^ 
•  ontK :  f»**r.  in  fact,  aro  tbcre    to  be 
I  future,     it  b  A  sooiety  of 
$:ii  tmiif  AH  ifliliown  QjM>ii  the 

LiiL,  wfKi  d(»iriHi  to  fl-ec^fe  o<mnder* 
In  a  oonntrj,  whoM  Ooostitotioii 
«d  upotv  equftlity,  Tbey  h^re 
■iued  tii«  »mli0niy  t»f  Congrt^,  ilmt 
h%  distinetioQ  ahull  U  hereditury  in 
'  iMiiilififl,  Ai»d  iii  ail  th#se  iim!i«ur^ 
•f  liftTe  MiiociaU^  their  ftLiret^o  bro- 
^  In  anim*  If,  hereaft^^r,  th«  w>*^iofy 
an  AinfiHoan  nolnlity^  it  etvn  be 
J  tu  A  S^  edti  or  %  Pri'tichiufiiif  &t* 
,  A  taitiiuoQtal  that  thiiy  i^erve^l  Id 
t  with  tlieir  iuvtrei^u's  c«rii?etit 
I  b  m  troe,  that  bi>  «^xi>re>H'  i^t^ririb- 
I  la  WQtf  lilt  iDsigiiia  h^s  evvr  bet^rj 
ill  tkiOHMtfJ  by  Uit:)  King  of 
,  mhm%  mlobteii  replted  to  tbc>>o, 
rlio  nqiu«t«d  lU^b  pL^rtiti^inu,  Itmt 
^  WM  iweeiAaryt  a^  the  society  wass 
LftB  '^onliar/'  To  the^  oonaid«  ratio  da 
majr  bo  aiKlcd^  which  your 
will  value  higjidy,  Onis  of  the 
Dettmi^*  of  th«  Ciucinivati  wa^  to 
tbeniaolv(N  for  th#  e^tHblinhmont 
A  fuad  for  the  rdicf  of  uidtFW»  and 
of  officers  killed  hi  battle* 
low  OdUld  such  thin|c<!^  bv  di>t'lmi>dt  In 
iHift,  vWn  I  recc^iired  tlie  dectjratioti  of 
h«  Qod  tin  All,  t  taw  in  it  tht?  tipfw^r- 
dtf  «9C  doing  good,  and  &11  addiilo&at 
of  lilt  fooQDaM  of  yonr  Mi^aitjr, 
"i  wbottf  graoa  I  and  hit  dwoend* 
cmlil  «t^<jjr  an  booorabb  izkn-k  of 
iprtioM.  May  I  pfemime  10  odd 
i  f^ur  mtiontf  ha<!  {wnniti^Ml  mo  to 
_  t  mttry  advaota^^  that  I  euuld  ob* 
\\m  libb  et^nntrj ;  and  th«  Ciricinnat! 
I  cnvld  luit  TnftiMc.  tf  yonr  rnnjeftly  fl>r- 
Ad  ISA  to  wear  the  ducoratttfn,  my  natiie 
MVtrtbiattfeii  refiiuin  ninorti^  the 
Bhm%  uti\«m^  indited ^  von  4 ho  11 1*1  com- 
mc  to  writii  to  Mr.  Wa^fim^n, 
^  itfikit  11  froru  th(»  Ht^t.  Whai«T«f 
r  t^^tj  p>hal]  find  tininfr,  I    bava 

1  pray  your  uiiymty    ti>  fefr^ 
ib^  I  am  iooAfialiltf  uf  ftiiiing  tn 
first  and  daarwt  dtitj :  tuini^ly,  to 
■fA  IK>  otbar  rala  af  pondnt^t,  ihan  yoar 
(tjr*t  wHL    Majt  I  bi9  penniWAd  l*> 


hftpc*,  that  the  oinir>e  proper  lor  ma  to 
pur-^ue  tnar  he  $rtiu^ioit«dy  predoribAd, 
and  that  the  auxio^ty  J  feel  in  having 
acted  Agtimt  yoar  m^mtj't  wishas 
maj  AOoii  be  At  real  f 

"I  ana,  &c.,  &e.,  &e» 

'*CirBt  V.  &fKDnfaK." 

Witbont  comment  upon  tbe  Dotioa,  no 
less  of  StediDgk  tban  of  a  large  party 
even  At  home,  upon  tbe  poisibility  of  tba 
OinciuDAt]  becoming  a  bitdj  of  Am^'Hi^a^ 
"nobility,"  let  ua  read  the  king's  reply. 
GustavQ^  woa  travelling  iu  Italj,  and 
ikh  letter  Vfa&  dated 

*«Boai«,M^hMJTS4, 

"  I  have  jnst  received  your  lettt^r  of 
tht^  id  of  thi«  mo n til.  Your  frank  oon* 
fbaftlon  K.if  \\m  fault  you  have  committed, 
itt  deooraiirjg  youreelf^  without  my  per- 
mi^inn,  with  the  order  of  the  Uindn- 
DAti,  H  evidence  of  your  coo  fide  nee  in 
me,  and  merits,  thereforei  tbe  iudul* 
gonce,  that  tny  friendship  wtmld  iu  any 
oaie  have  prompted.  I  might  say,  tliAl, 
wearing  my  order  of  the  Sword,  and 
bf^ing  a  S^wed©^  yt*n  should  not  be  igoo^ 
rantt  that,  b€>th  by  the  statures  of  tht 
order,  and  the  law  a  of  tbe  klngdotn,  yon 
are  with  on  t  authority  to  aeoept  a  mark 
of  houor  without  ji^niiiafiion  of  the 
grand-master,  and  of  the  no ve  reign. 
Hnt  for  every  »muer  be  there  merey* 
My  Amba&Mular  has  ootiBed  to  yoa  tny 
wishes,  and  I  do  not  doubt  that  yoii 
have  conformed  to  them  hy  laying  a^ide 
immediati'ly  the  CinoiunatJ  dt^oomtionfl. 
You  should  never  have  acc«;pted  tliem.  I 
am  not  misled  by  a  title.  The  namt 
iiiatiert»  nuthifig;  and  be  it  nooielj  or 
order,  it  would  be  neither  wj^  nor 
politic  lo  permit  my  anldeeia,  p«Kiot- 
larlv  thu^  di'itingidiila^l  oy  tbair  fwoik 
Aud  by  my  private  friend»ldp,  to  Waat, 
and  to  think  themsalvea  houamd  by,  A 
publie  mark  of  inocewAil  revolt  agm^nat 
a  rightful  KQveraign ;  —  mora  efpeolAlly 
A  revolt  whoMi  eau»d  and  motjvoi  wern 
ao  niyiiat,  and  so  unfoundi^d.  I  do  not 
ftirgeL  tbat  America  b  now  r<>garded  ah 
AH  Tndtpendent Statii  And  evc^n  my  ally; 
but  ibo  snceeni  wbioh  hAn  legal  ircd  tlie 
enterprise,  cannot  Jnatify  it.  Our  own 
tfOuhliMi  ar*  *<>  lately  ovw,  that  there 
cxiftt  i!h  '  '  .       !   Ill  the  i»eedt 

of  old  <  y  duty  lo  rid 

ua«tfevt<ry  oio^i'^r  v^eueu  might  lend  to 
fwvf  vA  therm*  ThadA  ata  raaiioaA  for  w  Idob 
Toti,  Ai  wall  Af  Count  Ferwu,  at*  fc*r- 
bidden  to  aocsept  and  to  wear  t)di  badfi 
or  ord#r  of  the  AmaricAii  Army ;  And  il 
tf  in  those  tensiA  tliAt  I  Hata  act  bed  tbt 


356 


Count  Stedi^^k, 


King  of  France,  by  Cardinal  Bernis,  of 
my  |>«rpose,  I  did  not  know  that  there 
were  btit  two  of  mj  eubjeets  who  had 
received  the CindnDati.  I  »[ioold»in  that 
esse^  have  given  you  my  reasons  at  first, 
ID  the  certainty  that  you  would  re^^pect 
tliem.  This  confidenoe,  howtver^  cuold 
not  have  applied  to  all  You  may  be 
at  ease  now,  concerning  the  effect  of 
jour  hastiness.  I  assure  you  that  it  ii 
sincerely  pardoned,  and  that  I  regret 
extremely  the  annoyance  yon  feel  in 
laying  aside  a  decoration  that  yon  hare 
once  worn.  The  circumstance,  however, 
will  in  no  manner  cbauf^e  ihe  feelings  of 
fi-feodship,  with  which  1  pray  Gtxl^  &c.. 

If  Mr.  Bancroft  had  not  written  his 
soarcliing  fimrth  volume,  we  tntght  read 
this  royal  letter  with  incredulity.  Had 
we  not  been  told  that  a  British  minister 
of  state^  presiding  over  Atlantic  colonies, 
had  called  New  England  an  idand,  and 
thought  Jatnaica  &<;ime where  near  the 
eeast  of  Italy^  it  might  be  difficolt  to  be- 
lieve that  the  chief  of  a  itate,  with  a  mind 
of  the  first  order,  and  trained  from  boy- 
hood to  state  affairs,  could  gravely  tell 
a  man  like  Stcdingk  that  tlm  American 
Rovolution  was  nnjiist^  and  its  motives 
unfounded.  In  point  of  fact,  there  is 
room  for  doubt  if  AtQeriean  afi^aire  are 
much  better  comprehended  at  the  pre- 
sent d^.  Within  ten  yeara  the  writer 
of  these  pagea,  conversing  with  a  learned 
Theban,  a  cotincillor  of  a  king  whose 
broad  realm  is  le,^  distant  from  At n erica 
than  the  nearest  pr<ivincc  t^f  Gnt^tavus, 
eaw  learned  eyea  widen  with  a^^toniah- 
ment  that  slaves  in  the  United  States  are 
not  replenished  from  the  coast  of  Africa* 
Surprise  became  ntter  incredulity,  when 
it  was  naturally  added  that  fifty  years 
ago,  when  the  **  Law  of  Naliona''  found 
no  fault  with  slave-trade,  aiid  all  other 
naticms  of  the  earth  encotiraged  and  sus- 
tained it,  the  American  Congress  branded 
it  with  odium,  and  first  in  all  the  world 
punished  it  with  death. 


Til  ere  was,  however,  more  "juethod^ 
in  the  ignorance  of  Guituvn*.    Forbid^ 
ding  his  subjects  to  read  Americaii  hit^^^ 
lory,*  he  would  himself  teach  them  ItoB^ 
proper  value    by  letters    like    tUb 
Stcdingk,    These  letters  eame  not  fro* 
a  shallow  head,  bnt  from  a  eometfrn^  j 
hollow  heart.     This  is  none  the  less  i 
becan^  the  proof  m  found  in  facta  whi*,^^ 
tended  to  our  national  advantage.     ^  _ 
months  before  the  triumph  of  the  Ai%-^ 
rican  patriots,  Gustavus  secretly   tn^ 
o  ve  rt  n  res  to  Doctor  Frankli  n,  recogni^^^ 
American  In  dependence. f  ^ 

He  wa*i  the  first  povereign  in 
who  volunteered  a  friendship  for  ther 
yet  in  open  war,  whom,  in  his  Jeitm 
Stedingk^  he  presently  denouneed.  J*> 

professed  to  glory  in  the  fftct,  ftud  &■  'm:fSf 


4ffJ 


the  conduct  of  tliese  rebels  **  wis^ 
gallant,"    This  minister  signed  at^f^j^^ 
with  them  before  their  Ckmgreffi  t^Mtsi 
peace,!  and  yet,  twelve  months  cwnl<l 
not  elapse  before  he  rebukos  a  Swodtlsl 
gentleman  for  tiiinklng  himself  honored 
by  the  Omcinnati^  and  for  presninlng  t-^ 
wear  the  badge  of  **  a  revolt  whose  Citt^ 
and  motives  were  so  unjust  aadiott^" 
founded."    It  woold  not  be  difedt    ^^ 
discover  the  convenient  shelter  this  »  *^ 
dignation  had  hitherto  enjoyed,  but  r  ^^^ 
atibjcct  is  not  attractive.    Rather  let    '^^^ 
reflect  upon  the  open  honorof  altC-'^, 
Swedish  king^  under  whose  enlightea  ^ 
rule  the  men  of  the  north  afe  obe 
upon  the  forward  march  of  the  ' 
llie  proper  spirit  reflects  itself  even  i^^^^J 
reoogoition  of  the  long  obno^oiur      ^" 
cinnati.    The  son  of  Stedingk^  oomn 
ing  the  Lifeguards  of  King  Oscati  i 
the  insignia  daily  under  his  eov 
eye.    The  honored  inheritAnce  f 
rates  the  uniform  of  a  Swedish  soldk^  ' 
side  by  side  with  imperial  diamond  s^ 
and  cr 05^^69 ;  and  the  fame  of  Ws^  " 
ton,  and  the  jnstloe  of  his  CAiise^ 
venerated  in  the  ancient  realm  of  C 
lavns  the  Tldrd  as  beoomes  m  na 
whose  patriot,  Vasa,*  was  almott  a  ^^  J 
ington* 


*  Tbc  cIrcdIatlQD  of  Uie  Abbd  RajDar*  work  Qpii  the  Ajnerlcui  Ri^vntQtloat  of  wtOcJ)  an  t4llS«n  va 
lithed  in  St<K:1c1i(itni,  v&i  rorbiidd^n  bj  OutULTUi  die  Hilrd  imdisr  ier^MY  iwukIUM,. 

t  ^ftrk«'i  Dip.  CBrreapondciiee  of  the  Ameriomn  Ri;vo(mla»  :  ttil-  S,  p.  8T1-    Ilsld*  j  toI.  I,  p.  %, 

%  The  ir««lr  wiUi  SiredeD  w^a  Bigu«d  In  PrHs  before  tbe  Ttli  of  Marcl^  TiSa.  The  new*  of  ptiil% 
Vtldei  of  p«AC«  krrlred  Ui  Amerlen  fin  Uw  iSth  of  the  imiete  Eamithi  attil  flvc'  wpeJti  «fi«nrftnli  Ue*  ««■ 
of  hoflilliUet  vtti  proclAlmH.— ftpftrkf *«  Olp,  €orT6«|»aiidciie» ;  tqI.  4,  p.  1%,    Hil^reUi  i  toI-  S,  p.  W^ 

f  Since  Cie^  foregoing  was  vrUtcn,  I  hare  ob9«rv^>J,  Ui  Mr.  HUdruth^t  HLitorj  of  tlie  Untt«d  ?UI 
ihe  herMltarj  ftriucipte,  In  tht  cirikr  uf  the  CincinnlitS,  ^wA  to  illtUeteM  to  Lbe  freat  olTitiAni  of  I 
UiAt  mt  n»v  flrsL  fcntfriU  iQ«>(;tiii(f  Qi  the  onjcr^  In  IT^,  Washlnglon  eui*ed  11  t<i  l»  itricken  tttam  <b«  ■ 
WniK^ut  doabtttig  «  ttitietDent  of  fo  Valued  itn  kuthar.  I  only  leave  aaRJtBred  wh*t  Tii  ▼HjtlAii  i 
fbrcnt  t]XL[trFiiion,  becaiuc,  bot^  At  bome  uii  abroad,  1  haTe  leen  t^e  b^dfc  worn  m  loi  fabtfll 
prc*eji(  f  rnernUaii, 


(To  be  CDi>lUaaed») 


THE   PAINTER'S   PORTFOLIO* 


DID  yott  ob@«rT@  this  face — how  nobl j  grow 
The  arch  it]  g  eyebrows  o*©r  ihe  eyea— how  alow 
In  wke  determiniLtidn  rie^t  the  lips 
In  most  snggestiFe  siknoe?     The  brow  dips 
Seotirelj  forward,  like  a  Poet's  head. 
Brooding  abore  bis  verae,  that  shal!  be  read 
And  felt  and  heard :  those  little  lin^  to  be 
Strong  gold  en -threads  in  the  worli}*s  hUtorj, 
The  (£estaQt  hair^  also,  not  ctirliog-^  nor 
Btraight-ha&^og,  but  dow  undulsttng  o'er 
The  roqnded  h^  m  wavy  lines,  the  brow, 
Wreath-like,  adorning ; — for  so,  sometiaies,  grow 
OhAplets  and  garlands  natnral  on  thoa« 
Who  live  a  snmtner  life  of  ^we^t  repose, 
Bat  fall  of  latent  power — ao  did  be. 
Of  whom  thia  portrait  shows  tbe  poasibiBt^. 

He  was  a  Priest  In  Eome,  whom  I  first  knew, 
From  loving  so  Ixi*i  eye'^s  peculiar  blue, 
That,  with  a  painter  &  privilege^  one  day 
1  met  him  in  the  street,  and  dared  to  say, 

"  Jf  yoQ  will  pardon  tne,  sir»  and  believe 
I  mean  the  best  I  can,  if  'twould  not  grieve 
Your  grace  to  humor  a  poor  painter,  f 
With  ^our  eye's  hue  would  shaine  ibis  snnuner  sky,** 

I  epoke  and  paused :  a  melancholy  flame 
Of  sympathy  int^>  his  wfi  eye  came« 

**  I  thank  you  for  yoar  courtesy ;  nor  oan 
1  be  offended  that  the  only  man 
Whom  I  have  noted  specially  abonld  be 
The  one  who  asks  what  you  have  asked  of  mo;« 
And,  aa  the  oldest,  I  should  long  ago 
Have  sp*jken  to  you ;  but  in  Rome,  yon  know, 
You  strangers  are  not  anxious  to  entwine 
Yourselves  iu  friendly  bonda,  with  rob^  like  mine,*' 

And  be  glanced  dewn  upon  the  sables,  wbile 
Meandered  on  his  lips  a  meaning  smile, 
UntU  he  said :  *^  But  oonld  yon  pleaeantlj 
Ptoe  a  few  days  in  TivoH  with  met 
The  birds  and  trees  ioYice  you^  and  the  flowers 
8nck  woudrons  secrets  from  the  moan  tain  ^bowers, 
And  breathe  them  round  the  little  window,  where 
Yonr  brow  shall  bathe  in  the  serenest  air 
That  breathes  on  silent  Italy :  at  hand 
The  shadeless  spadonsness  of  sea-like  land. 
That  fiweeps  a^nst  the  citv- walls,  dim  seen 
From  Tivuli  across  Uie  lonely  green. 
Will  ^ve  your  pieture^  the  deep  distances 
That  yon  might  hope  to  f^nd  in  tranquil  seas. 
You  shall  be  lonely :  you  shall  have  tbe  day, 
The  night,  the  house,  myself-^U  your  own  way* 
And,  while  yon  paint  my  portrait,  I  will  be 
A  marble  fragment  of  Antiquity, 


S58  The  Pamter's  Port/oiio.  fO 

If  so  yon  please,  and  if  you  chance  to  find, 
The  more  yoa  ponder  me,  aught  to  yoor  mind 
For  studies  of  gods,  satyrs,  devils,  and 
Gnomes,  poets,  or  odd  fish  of  sea  or  land, 
Transfix  it  on  the  canvas*— let  me  see 
How  many  gods  or  monsters  hide  in  me; 
Yonr  wish  and  mine  invite  you ;  will  you  come  I" 
That  evening  I  was  in  his  country  home. 


And  thus  I  painted  hiuL    Twas  better 
A  simple  portrait — Uio*  sometimes  would  grow 
A  lingular  expression  o'er  his  face, 
And  all  fine  features  sinoe,  I  search  to  trace 
Some  hint  or  shadowed  outline  of  that  look, 
Which  coloring  or  copy  would  not  brook. 

If  you  could  fancy  Ceesar  playing  dolls. 
Or  great  Napoleon  tumbling  on  green  knolls, 
AVith  summer-idle  peasants,  raise  the  head. 
And  lean  upon  the  hand,  while  oV  them  fled, 
Like  a  tale  told  in  lightning,  what  might  be 
Their  possible  command  and  majesty, 
Which,  indeed,  others  always  saw,  but  they 
Only  for  happy  hours  in  some  choice  day — 
Tiien  could  you  fancy  the  one  look  that  gave 
A  greater  grace  to  his  hau**s  flowing  wave, 
A  calmer  calm  to  that  pure  eye  serene, 
A  kinglier  dignity  to  that  grand  mien. 

It  was  a  flame  in  these  firm  eyes — but,  no, 
Twas  rather  a  suffusion,  a  keen  glow 
Of  soul  more  palpable.    Yet  I  conceive 
You  would  more  surely  that  strange  look  perceive 
Jn  this  poor  picture,  if  the  head  declined 
But  a  loafs  thinness  more — ^perhaps,  refined 
The  mouth  its  meaning  sweetness  more,  or  here 
A  heavier  ringlet  drooped  upon  the  ear. 

No  I  No !  I  cannot  seize  it    Do  you  see  ? 
I  cannot  even  guess,  coherently. 
With  what  changed  features  was  the  weird  look  blent, 
Or  if  the  face  the  least  change  underwent. 
How  could  I  dream  to  say  it?    I  did  well 
To  let  the  simple  portrait  simply  tell 
How  the  man  looked.    These  placid  features  show 
That  world  of  power  at  rest.    Is  thwe  a  glow 
Of  pa<)sionate  force,  of  purest  love  or  hate. 
Of  delicatest  thoughts  that  emulate 
The  fineness  of  an  angePs  sympathy, 
That  in  this  fi^e  you'd  be  surprised  to  see  ? 

Conceive  you  with  what  interest  I  wrought, 
As  if  I  had  been  painting  a  pure  thought. 
Day  dawned  and  died,  but  in  a  trance  I  lay, 
From  consdoufl  dreams  to  sleep  I  sank  away ; 
Woke  to  thifl  glance,  which  still  could  only  niake 
Ue  doubt,  if;  SMing  that,  I  could  be  yet  awake. 


18N.]  Thi  Painter's  Fort/olio.  850 

IIL 

At  length  a  month  was  ended,  and  the  head 
Stood  thus  upon  the  oanvos ;  and  I  said, 
^  To-morrow  I  must  back  to  Rome ;  Pve  been 
A  trespasser  upon  your  grace,  I  ween." 

And  he  replied,  ^^  Ton  ween  as  much  as  I 
That  you  have  been,'*  and  made  no  more  reply, 
But  went  out  smiling,  and  at  midnight  he 
Said  kindly,  ''  If  you  go  from  Tivoli 
To-morrow  morning  truly,  I  will  not 
Plead  the  perfection  of  this  summer  spot, 
Nor  the  long  days  without  you,  nor  the  trees. 
Which  wUl  sigh  toward  you  in  the  evening  breeze ; 
Yet,  for  your  picture.  I  perhaps  should  say 
I,  also,  am  an  artist,  in  my  way." 

Then  he  stopped  suddenly,  and  through  my  mind 
Went  smiling  the  meek  features,  tiiue-retined. 
Of  Fra  Beato,  of  Ficsole, 
Who  drew  the  forms  of  angel  purity. 
And  folded  in  sweet  grace,  could  never  draw 
Men  passion-wasted,  whom  he  never  saw 
In  mild  monastic  dreams,  but  painted  only 
The  pallor  of  Madonna^s  melancholy, 
And  crowned  with  real  gold  in  the  blue  sky. 
And  Fra  Bartoloineo  o*er  roe  smiled 
With  his  love-brooding  virgins,  and  pure  child 
With  radiant  eycA :  in  dim  procession  mild 
These  monkish  artists  and  their  fair  designs 
Passed  by  and  touched  me  with  rememWred  lines, 
As  I  at  midnight  heard  the  grave  priest  say, 
^^  I  am  an  artist,  also,  in  my  way." 

Then  he  paused  suddenly,  and  the  same  smile 
Or  look,  or  hue,  steeped  his  fine  features,  while 
I  thought  to  see  in  his  i)ortfolio 
Features  Homeric,  the  unbending  glow 
Of  st«rn-eyed  prophets,  fronting  evil  times. 
And  cleaving  them  with  sharp  and  Hcomful  rhymes. 
Like  pointed  wings  of  hopes  miyotitical 
Soaring  to  purer  airs ;  and  the  strange  thrall 
Of  feminine  perfectitm,  such  as  he 
In  his  rapt  beatific  world  might  see, 
Grew,  flattering  my  hope,  till  suddenly 
lie  shook  my  dreaming: — **  You'll  not  hope  to  see 
Paintings  or  drawings,  and  you  will  not  grieve 
To  (»wn  that  you  are  able  to  perceive 
That  I,  a  priest,  am  no  religious  man — 
I  mean  no  pietist — ^you  would  not  Hcan 
My  life,  and  find  it  a  saint*s  life.    I  am  not 
A  myotic  or  ascetic.    This  fair  spot 
I  love  because  its  unobtrusive  beauty  lies 
Perpetual  balm  upon  my  weary  eyes. 
I  hide  my  hope  in  this  deep-hearted  skv, 
Kot  for  tlie  sequestration,  and  that  God 
Will  be  more  manifest  to  the  poor  clod 
I  call  myself— I  call  myself  not  so, 
But  live,  a  man,  in  this  encircling  glow. 
Bending  myself  to  all  the  streams  that  flow 
From  Alt  and  Nature— happiness  and  woe. 


860  The  Painter's  Port/olio.  [OoL 

"  But  why  this  garb  ?    How  early  I  perceived 
That  I  of  my  career  tnost  be  bereaved, 
I  ^eed  not  say ;  but  this : — ^Fate  gave  to  me 
Mere  birth  and  hopelessness  in  Italy ; 
It  is  your  privilege  to  smile  in  hope 
Which  fits  your  years,  and  to  suggest  that  scope, 
And  power,  and  the  sweet  fruit,  success,  belong 
To  regal  will ;  and  so  they  do  in  song. 
And  in  young  hope — perhaps  in  fact — 
That  matter  my  few  words  shall  leave  intact 

^^  When  prei^ntly  I  found  to  me  denied 
My  natural  avenues  of  life,  I  tried 
My  skill  in  painting,  for  an  arti^t^s  soul 
Burned  in  me  always,  tho'  supreme  control 
Of  men,  not  brushes,  came  more  naturally ; 
And  that,  impossible,  abandoned — see  I  ^ 

Sculpture  the  same,  all  pla<tio  art9,  which  none 
Gould  feel  more  inwardly  than  I,  all  gone 
From  my  attainment,  for  the  lack  of  skill 
To  use  the  tools— then  went  a  chilling  thrill 
Quite  through  me  for  a  day — the  utter  sting 
Of  hopelessness  of  realizing 
Aught  equal  to  my  power — and  yet  was  left 
The  calmness  to  behold  myself  bereft 
Of  opportunity,    lis  a  fierce  day 
When  a  proud  man  must  proudly  turn  away 
From  the  grand  outline  of  a  hdpe-sketcbed  life, 
Belinquish  the  world^s  mistress  for  his  wife, 
And  wed  a  pretty  peasant.    So,  serene, 

Sit  is  my  nature,  not  my  pride,  I  ween) 
turned  to  the  sole  art  I  could  pursue. 
Shaven  and  liabited  in  this  dark  hue, 
I  serve  at  the  high  altar  as  you  serve 
Your  lofty  Muses.    My  thoughts  never  swerve 
From  this  artistic  ritual.    The  Church 
May  be  the  vulture  whose  unyielding  clutch 
Throttles  the  springing  hope  of  Italy, 
And  makes  my  life  a  shadowed  field  to  see, 
Flowerless  but  green.    Yet,  if  to  my  mind 
In  her  magnificence  lies  deep  enshrined, 
Deeper  than  what  her  ministers  express, 
A  heart  of  Art's  serenest  loveliness — 
Is  it  not  beautiful  revenge  to  wring 
My  satisfaction  from  herself;  to  sing 
In  their  wise-worded  phrases,  the  sweet  praise 
Of  what  transcends  her  knowledge  and  her  ways  ? 

"Now  you  could  paint  a  Venus  which  would  be 
Anotlier  than  that  of  Antiquity, 
And  yet  no  less  a  Venus;  so  can  I 
Serve  at  the  altar  well  and  faithfully. 
And  yet  believe  not  that  the  wine  I  drink 
Is  sacred  blood,  more  than  you  need  to  think 
The  paint  you  use  makes  the  expression 
Of  Beauty  which  it  shows.    That  I  am  won 
And  held  to  such  a  life,  perhaps  is  strange. 
It  may  be  sad,  to  yon,  but  in  the  range 
Of  Art  was  there  no  other  for  me ;  and 
lyielded  gently  to  the  guiding  hand 
That  led  me  hither.    Ifiirk  welll  thiaispky, 
I  know,  with  yon ;  but  my  Life  had  no  day 


1854.]  Amavi.  861 

Of  fit  development.    Tliis  is  to  me — 
This  Art — what  Botany,  Conchology, 
And  other  studies  are  to  other  men, 
Only  a  recreation.'* 

Paoaing  then, 
Hb  glances  swept  my  features  to  descry, 
If  I  well  understood.    Ilia  placid  eye 
Seemed  satisfied.    Silent  he  rose,  and  turned 
To  leave  the  room ;  the  wasted  candle  burned 
In  his  right  hand,  and  in  fine  shadow  threw 
His  noblo  profile  on  the  wall.    He  drew 
Once  a  long  breath — looked  wistfully  at  me, 
For  a  brief  space,  as  wishing  I  might  see 
What  words  can  never  utter.    Bowing  then, 
He  closed  the  door:  I  saw  bim  not  again. 


AMAVI. 


I  LOVED :  and  in  the  morning  sky 
How  fairy-like  the  castle  grew  I 
Proud  turrets  ever  pointing  high, 
Like  minarets,  to  the  dreamy  blue ; 
Bright  fountains  leaping  through  and  through 
The  golden  sunshine ;  on  the  air 

Gay  banners  streaming ; — nerer  drew 
Painter  or  poet  scene  more  fair ! 

And  in  that  castle  I  would  lire^ 

And  in  that  castle  I  would  die ; 
And  tliere,  in  curtained  bowers,  would  give 

llean-warm  responses — sigh  for  sigh; 

There,  when  but  one  sweet  face  was  uiglj. 
The  orient  hours  should  glide  along, 

Clmrracd  by  the  magic  of  her  eye. 
Like  stanza:)  uf  an  aiitique  song. 

0  foolish  lioart !    O  young  Romance, 
Tliat  faded  with  the  noon-day  sun  I 

Alas  for  gentle  dalliance. 
For  burning  pleasures  never  won  I 
Oh,  for  a  season  dead  and  gone— 

A  wizard  time,  that  then  did  seem 
Only  a  prelude,  leading  on 

To  sweeter  portions  of  the  dream  I 

1  loved :  but  withered  are  Lovers  flowen; 

Ko  longer,  in  the  morning  sky. 
That  fairy  castle  lifts  its  towers — 

Like  minarets,  ever  pointing  high ; 

Tom  are  the  bannerets,  and  dry 
The  silver  fountains  in  its  balls. 

But  the  wild  sea,  with  endless  sigh. 
Moans  round  and  over  the  crumbled  walls ! 


TOU  IT.— «l 


862 


[Oct 


AFRICAN     PROVERBIAL     PHILOSOPHY. 


UPON  the  western  coast  of  Africa 
there  is  a  lagoon  so  lovely,  that  the 
foreign  residentrt,  borrowing  the  enamor- 
ed phrase  of  tlie  natives,  know  it  only  as 
*^the  beautiful  Ossa/'  It  lies  parallel 
with  the  north  side  of  the  Bight  of 
Benin,  extending  from  the  river  Ogam 
at  Lagos  on  the  east,  nearly  to  the  river 
Volta  on  the  west — a  distance  of  two 
hundred  miles.  It  is  separated  from  the 
sea  by  a  barrier  of  land,  sometimes  a 
mere  strip  of  sandy  beach,  but  elsewhere 
stretching  to  the  width  of  two  miles, 
and  bearing  towns  of  five  thousand  in- 
habitants u])on  its  surface.  The  lagoon 
itself  varies  in  breadtli  from  seventy 
yards  to  six  miles,  but  is  always  shallow, 
smooth,  and  gentle,  with  a  current  from 
west  to  east,  not  exceedigog  two  miles  an 
hour ; — ^and  it  is  adorned  with  a  wealth 
of  beauty  which  can  be  but  a  dim 
though  delicious  dream,  to  those  who 
have  not  themselves  floated  among  the 
perilous  enchantments  of  an  African 
river. 

As  we  glide,  propelled  by  poles,  along 
the  gentle  current,  onr  way  is  only  im- 
peded by  white  water-lilies,  white  flag 
flowers,  and  floating  islands  of  the  deli- 
cate emerald  PUtia,  Mangrove  trees 
rise  along  the  banks  in  occasional  swam- 
py clusters,  tokens  of  a  slight  influx  of 
salt  tide;  the  tree  does  not  exceed  fif- 
teen feet  in  height ;  while  the  drooping 
branches  take  root  in  the  bed  of  the 
stream,  and  form  a  strange  colonnade. 
If  the  water  were  lower,  we  should  be 
startled  by  the  sight  of  enormous  oys- 
ters clinging  to  those  branches,  like  un- 
couth and  ragged  flowers ;  but  it  is  the 
season  of  high  water  now,  which  con- 
ceals roots,  and  suckers,  and  copper- 
colored  mud,  and  shows  only  the  rank 
leaves  and  the  red  pods.  Elsewhere  the 
n>an groves  are  wanting,  and  the  stately 
trunks  of  a  more  varied  forest  form  an 
endless  avenue  for  our  wondering  pro- 
gress; aloes,  agaves,  dates,  tamarinds, 
iron-wood,  feathery  cocoas,  and  broad- 
leaved  bananas.  There  are  vistas  of 
luxuriant  palms,  the  most  graceful  aisles 
in  Nature's  cathedral;  there  are  fig- 
trees,  with  their  red  wood,  white  bark, 
and  conspicuous  fructification;  there  is 
the  immense  and  clumsy  Baobab^  or  mon- 
key-bread-fruit tree,  with  its  pendant 
clusters;  there  is  the  kola-nut  tree, 
whose  pods  are  so  precious  to  the  native ; 
there  is  the  shea-butter  tree,  whoee  as- 


pect was  compared  by  Mungo  Park  to 
the  American  oak,  and  by  Duncan  to 
the  English  laurel,  and  which  supplies 
the  whole  region  with  the  luxury  pressed 
from  its  oily  kernels;  and  there  is  the 
monarch  of  the  tropical  forest,  the 
superb  Bomhcu^  or  silk-cotton  tree,  tower- 
ing 150  feet  below  the  fork  of  the 
branches.  These  last  trees  have  their 
English  name  from  a  white  down,  simi- 
lar to  that  of  the  Balm  of  Gilead,  which 
their  branches  disseminate;  and  their 
immense  white  trunks,  seen  in  mbt  or 
twilight,  resemble  full-sailed  ships  be- 
calmed. 

All  this  fringing  forest  is  hung  with  a 
superb  drapery  of  climbing  orchidaceous 
plants  and  vines,  among  which  coontless 
blue  and  white  convolvuli  peer  out  their 
fresh  blossoms — the  glorv  of  the  African 
morning.  Jasmines  fill  the  air  with 
odor.  Strange  fragrant  parasites  tndl 
and  twist  in  thick  festoons  over  every 
stem,  and  toss  from  bough  to  bough  their 
showers  of  blossoms,  crimson,  pink,  and 
white.  There  is  one  vine,  the  ifiMMmo, 
which  winds  up  the  tall  trees  to  the  very 
top,  and  thence  lets  fall  its  threadlike 
flower-stalks,  many  feet  in  length,  and 
covered  with  yellow  blossoms. 

Among  the  branches  of  tliese  trees, 
and  through  the  gorgeous  openings  of 
these  festooning  vines,  there  flit  and 
warble  birds  whose  song  and  splendor 
are  unknown  in  zones  more  temperate; 
the  red-necked  horn-bill  with  its  hoarse 
cry;  the  red  and  yellow  weaver-birds, 
whose  oval  nests  hang  suspended,  some- 
times two  hundred  on  a  single  tree;  sul- 
tanas or  water-hea*^  green,  violet,  and 
white,  with  a  distinct  black  arrow  down 
the  breast;  the  African  oriole;  tlie 
night-jar,  with  its  long  filamentous 
streamer  in  each  wing;  gorgeous  little 
sunbirds,  white,  green,  blue,  or  crimson ; 
rose-winged  parakeets,  crimson  nut- 
crackers, scissor-bills,  cranes,  king- 
fishers, oxpeckers,  guinea-fowls,  and  all 
the  rest.  Little  monkeys  spring  from 
tree  to  tree,  as  if  to  race  with  us  as  we 
float  slowly  by ;  there  peeps  out  a  red- 
cheeked  squirrel,  and  there  whirs  a  fly- 
ing-squirrel with  a  spiny  tail;  on  the 
sides  of  the  scarlet  ant-heaps  bright 
lizards  bask  in  the  sun ;  and  a  drove  of 
small  slender-legged  antelopes  glides  si- 
lently away,  as  we  approach.  Nearer  a 
hippopotamus  splashes  unseen  among  the 
long  Guinea-grass  at  the  edge  of  the  Is- 


1854.] 


African  Proverbial  Philosophy, 


363 


gix>n ;  ami  that  scaly  log,  which  sudden- 
ly iiiDves  out  of  tlie  suosliiue  into  the 
water,  U  an  allij^tor. 

Arniilst  thi'  forest  there  occur  patches 
of  rultivation,  with  plantains^  yams, 
ca>i^:id:i,  siiKar-oanes  and  banauiis.  Ad- 
jotuiti;^  tiK*M)  arc  huts  con>istini;  of  rude 
fr:i!ue-vv(»rk,  lliatchcd  with  reetls,  and 
hnn^r  with  mats  of  split  bamboo.  Where 
an  trddy  occurs,  wc  often  see  a  fishiiig- 
hut,  built  of  wicker-work,  and  raised  on 
hi;;h  {miIos  ;  the  plantaiu-tibro  net  hangs 
W'lw,  ready  to  bo  drawn  up,  wlienever 
the  ii-'iierinau  fn^n  his  height  observes 
ihu  li-.li  witliin  reach.  The  ti-'h  are  at- 
tnu-rod  (as  (»ur  Down-£asters  collect 
nia<-kerel>  by  scattering  bait  u{>on  the 
water:  sometimes  they  substitute  the 
powdered  leaves  of  a  leguminous  plant, 
which  htupefy  the  prey  so  that  they  can 
be  cauglit  by  hand.  Sometimes,  also, 
they  stake  out  a  sort  of  trap  in  the  water, 
like  an  English  cel-trap,  with  a  sliding 
door;  and  M>metimes  they  fish  with 
hook  and  line.  All  the<e  processes  we 
may  watch  from  the  water,  as  we  pause, 
At  times,  to  [lay  toll  at  some  barrier, 
made  of  alternate  piles  and  bars.  Mean- 
wbilt.'  a  eauoe,  hollowed  from  a  cocoa- 
trunk,  and  bearing  a  dusky  native,  glides 
out  ot  a  creek  ami  disappears  in  another; 
or  a  royal  canoe  comes  in  sight,  l»earing 
a  red  \\i\'x  to  denote  the  presence  of  some 
!*aMo  fiirgo^ty,  clothe<l  iu  an  English 
miliuiry  cout,  and  with  another  tattered 
flaj;  f«>r  drajKiry.  Or  perhai>s  a  darker 
scene  <K-ctn's;  and  yonder  fatal  and  jHjr- 
tidiiHis  bark  conUiins  a  shipment  of  new- 
ly-captured slaves,  naked,  branded, 
in>ne'l,  and  never  to  float  uf)ou  the  lovely 

Evening  drops  suddenly.  For  an  hour 
or  t  w.»  t!ie  air  is  intensely  rhwe,  until  the 
ni;:l:t-wind  blows,  and  with  it  the  un- 
healthy tog  Hike  what  is  oddly  called  in 
Uie  Ea-t  Indies  **tlje  essence  of  owl'') 
OfMHi'S  rreeping  from  the  bushes.  ])ut 
the  hour  uf  ^lifling  (piiet  that  precedes 
H  atirii.'of  sTangeimpres«iivenesstoa  no- 
vir-o  ill  the  trojiics.  As  we  look  into  the 
dense  jun;rle,  the  dark  leaves  ure  giirgeous 
with  tire-Hies;  the  the  >tars  of  the 
t^mthern  cross  glitter  over  the  brown 
rippit;sof  the  current ;  or  the  new  imNm, 
whir!i  all  through  western  Alriai  is  the 
Hignal  for  reji>icing  and  siicritices,  calls 
forMi  wild  groups  to  ji»in  in  tlie  dance, 
and  their  drums  jind  hom-*  resound  from 
the  di-itnnce.  C1oh3  by,  there  is  a  volume 
of  sound  from  innumerable  inse^Jts;  tree- 
frogs  And  bull-frogs  ioin  in  the  serena«le; 
the  btfii-bird  tolls  his  long  clear  note, 


whiqfi  can  be  heard  from  three  to  four 
miles  (in  Africa  as  in  South  Anrcrica) ; 
— and  the  low  solemn  roll  of  tlie  distant 
ocean  merges  all  minor  sounds  into  a 
grander  music. 

But  lest  our  readers  shonld  complain 
of  being  thus  transported,  even  to  **  the 
beautiful  Ossa,"  without  being  shown  the 
way,  we  will  warn  them,  that  before 
reacliiug  these  tranquil  waters,  they  must 
incur  the  peril  of  landing  on  the  beach 
outside.  This  is  no  slight  thing ;  there  are 
points  where  the  surf  has  hea|^  the  sand 
into  clitfs  almost  inaccessible  at  any  time ; 
and  there  are  seasons  of  the  year  when 
all  access  is  impracticable,  at  any  point. 
At  the  stillest  times  and  places,  tlie  surf 
rolls  onward  in  three  distinct  ridges, 
through  whose  foam  the  most  experi- 
enced native  boatman  cannot  always 
guide  the  boat  in  safety.  These  boats 
are  flat-bottomed,  rising  at  each  end ; — 
the  passengers  being  placed  in  the  bow, 
and  surronnded  by  high  weather-boards 
to  keep  off  the  spray.  The  oarsmen  are 
a  joyous  race,  such  'as  is  found  all  along 
the  coast,  singing  songs  in  their  broken 
English,  and  occasionally  hitting  tlie  sides 
of  the  canoe  with  their  paddles  in 
ca<1enc«.  They  sing  perhaps,  "Man-o'- 
war  come  again,  come  again,  come 
again,*'  with  an  occasional  "  whist,"  and 
along  stroke  of  the  paddle; — then  '*  white 
man,  good  man,  dash  (give)  a  dollar, 
dollar,  dollar,"  "white  offi-^her,  dasli 
dollar,  big  white  dollar," — and  so  on  ;— 
until  they  reach  the  more  dangerous 
part  of  the  surf,  when  the  song  is  ex- 
changed for  a  slow  religions  invocation, 
and  at  last  we  are  landed  on  the  beach. 
This  we  cross,  take  boat  again  ui>on  the 
lagoon,  and  land  at  last  in  HtyLigry. 

Badagry  is  not  a  si>ot  sufHcienUy  at- 
tractive to  detain  us  long.  If  the  char- 
acter of  tlie  place  disgusts  us,  let  us  re- 
member that  it  is  Europe  and  America 
which  have  made  it  what  it  is.  But  for 
what  is  called  "  Christian  civilization," 
Badagry  would  have  been  a  town  like  the 
inland  towns — happy,  industrious,  busy 
in  agriculture,  in  the  simplest  mechani- 
cal [)rocesses,  and  the  sim[»lest  commerce, 
— that,  namely,  in  which  it  takes  a  whole 
day  of  shouting  and  gesture  to  pur- 
chase a  yam;  busy  above  all  with 
discordant  masio  in  htmor  of  the 
great  gtxl  Oberan,  and  his  incarnations, 
Ifa  and  Orisha.  Christian  civilization 
has,  however,  interferc<l,  and  made  this 
population  a  base,  besotte<l,  violent  race, 
whose  im|)orts  are  rum  and  tobacco,  paid 
for  iu  human  bodies  and  souls.    Inaeed 


364 


African  Proverbial  Philosophy, 


[Oct 


the  Badagrians  are  types  of  the  class  of 
wliom  Captain  Allen,  of  the  Niger  expe- 
dition, declares,  Uiat  they  prefer  their 
li(|Uor  unmixed.  ^^  At  the  sea-side,  King 
Boy  and  his  royal  relatives  would  swal- 
low vast  quantities  of  rum  undiluted, 
but,  as  we  advanced  into  the  interior, 
more  unsophisticated  palates  were  found, 
and  it  would  gradually  bear  more  water, 
until  at  last  moderately  strong  grog  had 
a  very  potent  effect." 

Under  these  circumstances,  it  is  not 
strange  that  Badagry  did  not  prove  a 
successful  missionary  station.  The  eleven 
thousand  wild  Popos,  or  Dahomians,  pre- 
ferred tlioir  civilization,  as  they  did  theu: 
rum,  undiluted  by  any  purer  element. 
In  1845,  the  English  Church  Missionary 
Society  sent  six  missionaries  thither,  ^^  a 
church  and  dwelling-house  were  built,  a 
day  and  boarding-school  for  boys,  and  a 
Sunday-school  for  adults  were  establish- 
ed." But  now  the  Society  have  only  to 
report,  with  desponding  brevity,  that 
"  the  Popos  have  neglected  then:  oppor- 
tunity, and  the  mission  is  now  with- 
drawn." In  fact,  Badngry  was  to  the 
missionaries  only  a  stepping-stone  to  Ab- 
bcokuta  and  the  great  Yoruba  country : 
they  used  it  for  this,  and  so  have  we. 

For  wo  wish  to  introduce  the  reader, 
not  to  a  drunken  town  of  11,000  inhabi- 
tants, but  to  a  wide  nation  of  3,000,000 
— a  people  active,  keen,  commercial, 
ingenious,  affectionate,  moral,  with  a 
remarkable  language,  and  the  most 
remarkable  collection  of  proverbs  ever 
discovered  among  a  people  possessing  no 
other  literature.  They  are  a  people 
wliom  Lander  praised, — who  have  in  the 
West  Indies  shown  themselves  superior 
U)  any  other  emancipated  negroes,  who 
have  imparted  a  new  life  to  Sierra  Leone, 
since  their  exiles  recruited  its  popula- 
tion, and  who  have  fm  their  own 
country)  put  the  only  serious  check  to  the 
advancing  powerof  the  Mohammedan 
Tellatahs.  The  check,  however,  was  not 
complete,  for  a  large  part  of  the  Yorab 
country  (which  once  extended  from  the 
Niger  to  Dahoney)  has  been  subjected  or 
alienated,  though  the  tide  of  conquest 
appears  now  to  be  checked. 

As  we  now  go  up  from  Badagry  into 
Yoruba  Proper,  we  shall  see  many  traces 
of  those  san/xuinary  wars  in  which  Mo- 
hammedans have  been  only  the  agents  of 
Christian  civilization,  in  caoturing  vic- 
tims for  the  slave  trade.  We  shall  see 
desolate  farms  and  ruined  villages,  some- 
times twenty  in  a  day.  Only  the  tired 
traveller  now  plucks  these  cocoa-nuts  and 


bananas,  or  drinks  from  these  sparkling 
fountains  in  the  groves  of  palm.  Yet 
the  country  is  now  at  peace.  TJie  people 
in  the  cities  and  villages  will  be  glad  to 
see  us.  We  shall  stop  at  the  suburb  of 
Awoyado  (according  to  custom),  and 
send  notice  of  our  approach  to  Abbeo- 
knta.  The  public  crier  wiU  be  at  once 
despatched  to  notify  the  citizens; — 
dressed  in  his  professional  garb  of  many* 
colored  native  cloth,  with  his  head-dress 
of  black  monkey-skin,  adorned  with 
coins.  He  will  strike  Ins  stick  ni)on  the 
singular  bell,  which  he  carries  in  one 
hand,  while  the  other  hand  grasps  his 
ferocious  broadaxe,  with  its  toothed  and 
knotted  handle.  He  will  tell  the  chie6 
that  we  are  coming,  and  they  will  as- 
semble in  the  public  square,  with  their 
gaudy  umbrellas,  and  spend  the  remain- 
der of  the  day  in  discussing  as  to  who 
shall  have  the  honor  to  entertain  us. 

The  successful  competitor  leads  ns  to 
his  house — ^an  assemblage  of  clay-baUt 
huts,  surrounding  an  inclosure.  In  these 
huts  the  several  branches  of  the  family 
reside.  The  roofs  are  thatched  with 
palm-leaves,  and  their  overhan^ns 
eaves  form  a  sort  of  veranda,  and 
shelter  the  out-door  seats  which  the 
family  chiefly  occupy.  The  houses  ai^ 
dark,  being  windowless,  but  the  doors 
are  always  open,  and  the  floors  are  paved 
with  clean-swej)t  fragments  of  broken 
pottery.  The  walls  are  sometimes  color- 
ed with  various  clays,  and  the  wooden 
doors  are  rudely  carved  witli  figures  of 
heads,  of  swords,  and  of  uncouth  alliga- 
tors. Our  couch  is  a  mound  of  earth, 
covered  with  a  leopard's  tskin,  and  a 
piece  of  scarlet  cloth ;  or,  perhaps,  only 
with  mats  and  some  dry  grass. 

In  the  morning  we  breakfast  with  the 
family  at  seven.  That  is  to  say,  the 
whole  household  repairs  to  a  oook^s 
shop,  to  partake  of  a  bowl  of  gruel  made 
of  Indian  corn.  The  principal  meal  is 
taken  a  few  hours  later,  and  consists  of 
balls  of  Indian  corn,  called  "deng^," 
served  up  in  a  sauce  made  of  meat  and 
vegetables,  with  salt  and  pepper.  The 
family  bits  in  a  circle,  around  a  largo 
earthen  bowl;  each  takes  his  ball  of 
corn,  and  dips  his  portion  in  the  sauce 
as  he  eats  it. 

If  we  visit  the  markets,  we  shall  see 
an  array  of  commodities  which,  on  every 
fifth  day,  assumes  an  increased  variety 
and  importance.  Indian  and  Guinea 
corn,  beans,  sugar  canes,  yams  cooked 
and  nncooked,  meat,  fish,  fowls,  drM 
rata  ;  pepper,  ginger,  pine  aj>ple3,  oranges, 


1854.] 


African  Proverbial  Pkiloiophy, 


365 


plaotAsis,  banaans,  apples,  papaws,  lime?, 
ground  nuts,  kula  nutv,  rice,  cassado, 
ready -mado  soup,  palm  wino,  palm  oil, 
beer ;  ootton  raw  or  in  reels,  clotha,  san- 
dals leather  liaga  and  embroidered 
coshionis  saddles,  stirrups  and  bits, 
knive!^  axefs  swords,  h<»os,  earthenware, 
carved  and  colored  calabashes,  ropes  and 
cords,  baskets  grass  mats,  clay  pipo& 
bloe  and  red  dye-balls  of  Tephrosia  ana 
camwood,  and  whips  of  rhinoceros  skin. 
All  these  thini^s  are  the  ]>roduct  of  native 
•kill;  and  Christian  civilization  adds 
mm  and  gunpowder.  If  we  wish  to  pur- 
chase any  of  these  commodities,  we  must 
paT  in  white  shells  or  coories,  whose 
valne  was  estimated  by  Lander  at  an 
English  shilling  a  thousand,  though  the 
author  of  *^  Abbeokuto,  or  Sunrise  within 
the  Tropics,"  puts  a  much  higher  price 
apon  them. 

The  habits  we  describe  are  common  to 
aU  the  towns  of  the  Yoruba  region.  The 
peculiarity  of  Abbeokuta  is  its  having 
been  the  ftoint  selected  by  a  largo  band 
of  returned  Sierra  Leouo  emigrants,  who 
went  thither  in  1846,  under  tlio  auspices 
of  ttie  Church  Mistiionary  Society.  It 
woold  appear  from  the  narrative  Just 
quoted,  that  some  good  results  have  fol- 
lowed from  this  introduction  of  mission- 
aries, besides  the  baptizing  of  several 
hundred  nominal  convertHout  of  a  popu- 
lation of  nearly  a  hundred  thousand. 
It  api»ears  that  kidHap|)ing  lias  decreased 
in  that  precise  part  of  Yoruba  proper ; 
human  sacritices  have  almost  ceased 
(though  this  has  occurred  also  in  wild 
Dahomey) ;  and  the  singular  observances 
of  nativo  relifjion,  called  "country 
fa«hion'^  bv  the  people,  are  ccmMderably 
diminisheJ.  The  converts  do  not  now 
worship  large  trees,  nor  the  hills  of  the 
**  bug-bugs^'  or  ants.  They  <lo  not  throw 
ilaves  into  the  river  to  propitiate  the 
water-deitv  Yemnja ;  nor  otfer  socritioea, 
as  formerly,  to  their  otcn  forehsfuU^  a 
symlnd  whicli  we  commend  ^)  our  phre- 
Dohnrical  friends.  And  they  have  greatly 
slackened  their  devotions  beforu  ^*the 
twenty-one  palm  nuts  and  the  Kixtcen 
piece:}  of  iron,  which,  suspen<led  <m  a 
piet^e  of  iron,  represent  the  go<ldess  Ila." 

These  things  wore  not,  however, 
cffectc<l  without  groat  opposition  from 
the  friend*)  of  "country  f:ishiou.^*  Oro 
wa*  implored  to  defend  himself  (appa- 
rently a  Mirt  of  policeman  of  the  deities, 
who'keeiH  order  in  towns);  and  the 
priests  cried  aloud  against  tlie  mission- 
aries, "  Oil,  Don  of  the  book -people, 
•eize  them,  seize  them.**    One  woman^s 


house  was  assaulted  because  she  had 
taught  her  little  boys  to  read;  in  her 
despair  she  bade  the  children  chant  the 
alphabet  aloud,  and  the  rioters,  unfa- 
miliar with  district  school  performances, 
thought  it  a  magioal  incantation,  and 
moved  on.  In  most  cases,  thev  scourged 
the  female  converts,  and  shaved  the  heads 
of  the  men,  "to  shave  off  baptism.*' 
But  it  was  all  borne  with  a  patience 
that  amazed  them.  They  asked,  '*  what 
is  it  that  Oibo  (the  white  man)  gives 
you  to  drink  that  makes  your  hearts  so 
strong?**  The  surprise  was  increased 
by  the  circumstance  noticed  in  the  mis- 
sionary oi>erations  of  all  religions,  that 
the  stoutest  unbelieving  Sauls  were  fre- 
quently found  among  the  prophets  at 
last. 

The  history  of  tliese  transactions  will 
be  found  well  recorded  in  the  work 
above  mentioned,  "Abbeokuta,"  pub- 
lished by  the  Church  Missionary  Society, 
and  recentlv  reprinted.  The  mission- 
aries have  labored  faithfhlly  for  eight 
years,  and  have  made  many  native  pro- 
selytes, in  addition  to  a  number  of 
returned  Christian  negroes  from  Sierra 
Leone. 

The  chief  opposition  to  their  move- 
ments has  naturally  come  from  the 
native  princes,  whom  the  transatlantic 
slave  tnide  had  demoralized.  The  most 
deadly  evidence  of  this  was  in  the 
Dahomian  attack  in  1851. 

The  Dahomians  are  the  most  formi- 
dable race  in  western  Africa,  unless  we 
distinguish  them  from  the  Fellatahs,  of 
whom  they  form  a  branch.  Town  after 
town  has  fallen  before  them;  in  one 
case,  the  enonnous  number  of  20,000 
slaves  is  estimated  to  have  been  led  cap- 
tive from  a  single  city.  Abbeokuta  was, 
of  all  places,  most  hateful  toKing€^zo; 
and,  when  in  May,  1850,  his  capital  was 
visited  by  Commander  Forbes  and  Mr. 
Beeeroft,  and  5,000  female  warriors 
were  paraded  before  tliem,  "  the  tierce 
cry  went  up  from  these  unhappy  women, 
*Give  us  Abbeokuta  I  Attappahm  is 
destroyed ;  give  us  Abbeokuta  .^ 

The  remonstrances  of  the  Englishmen 
were  vain ;  they  only  obtained  a  deUy, 
and  warned  the  Yorubans  of  their  dan- 
ger. On  Monday,  March  3,  1851,  tlie 
final  attack  took  place.  The  city  was 
walled  on  three  sides,  and  exi>osed  on  the 
fourth ;  but,  thanks  to  the  friendship  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Isii^rga  (a  town  seven- 
teen miles  distant)  t  he  invaders  approach- 
ed it  on  the  stnmgot  side.  Yet  there 
was  a  formidable  d\iYiv>\vot\X<()YL\MX'«^w^ 


366 


African  Proverbial  Philoaophy. 


[Oct 


the  forces.  The  Yonibans  conld  mus- 
ter only  8,000  fijjhtinp  men,  none  of 
whom  were  well  disciplined ;  the  Daho- 
mian  army  mastered  10,000  men  and 
6,000  women,  the  latter  being  (as  is  now 
well  known)  the  flower  of  the  troops  of 
tliat  nation.  As  the  enemy  approached 
im  the  southwest,  the  old,  the  eick,  and 
the  children  of  the  city,  were  seen  poup- 
iiifr  in  weary  procession  from  the 
northeastern  gates.  The  missionaries 
ascended  a  high  rock  within  their  pre- 
cinct, and  watched  the  battle.  Had  the 
attack  been  made  as  at  first  intended,  no 
power  could  have  saved  the  city;  the 
mission  premises  would  have  been  the 
battle  ground,  and  all  would  have  perish- 
ed. As  it  was,  the  trembling  fugitives 
called  as  they  pa<sed,  **0h,  white  man, 
and  white  man's  God,  save  us!'* 

The  battle  was  fought  for  six  weary 
hours,  under  the  full  heat  of  a  tropical 
noonday  sun.  Its  result  was,  the  com- 
I)lete  discomfiture  of  the  invaders.  TJiree 
tliousand  of  the  Dahomians  were  esti- 
mated as  killed,  and  one  thousand  were 
taken  prisoners.  This  includes  the  re- 
sult of  a  long  and  hot  pursuit  by  the 
Yorubans.  But  not  less  than  eighteen 
hundred  lay  dead  before  the  walls  of 
Abbeokuta,"  and  "  th^  mere  chiefly  wo- 
men^ who  are  always  placed  in  ihefor&' 
most  of  their  battle*^  as  more  to  be  de- 
peiuUd  ony  In  tlie  spot  where  the  con- 
llict  had  been  hottest,  one  of  the  mis- 
sionaries counted  eigiity  dead  bodies 
lying  within  an  area  of  a  few  yards ;  and 
all  of  these^  except  Jive^  were  women/ 

Such  are  the  scenes  of  wild  terror 
which  diversify  life  in  Africa.  But  it  is 
not  our  object  to  describe  the  manners 
of  the  Yorubans,  or  to  write  their  history, 
but  to  present  the  i)eculiarities  of  their 
language  and  their  mental  character,  as 
developed,  chietly  in  the  writings  of 
Kov.  Samuel  Orowther,  a  Ohristian  na- 
tive, educated  in  England,  and  ordained 
by  the  bishop  of  Sierra  Leone.  We  are 
also  indebted  to  Bishop  Vidal  for  some 
general  observations,  prefixed  to  Mr. 
Crowther's  Yoruban  vocabulary;  and 
we  shall,  in  the  eusuing  remarks,  draw 
freely  upon  these  sources,  deferring  all 
apologies  for  our  own  shortcomings  in 
African  philosophy  till  we  find  some  one 
eL<e  who  knows  enough  to  teach  us. 

The  Yoruban  language  is  a  very  re- 
markable one,  differing  from  all  other 
African  dialects.  It  is  not,  perhaps, 
su[)erior  in  elaborateness  and  regularity 
to  the  Woloff  and  Kafir  languages ;  but 
it   appears   to   be  strong  where  they 


are  weak,  and   weak  where  they  are 
strong. 

1.  It  resembles  them,  however,  in  itv 
first  peculiarity,  namely,  the  regularity 
of  the  formative  process  by  which  verM 
become  nouns,  through  a  system  of  pre- 
fixes. This  is  so  perfect,  that  it  permits 
the  indefinite  enlargement  of  the  vooabn- 
lary,  for  popular  or  scientific  purposes, 
without  the  possibility  of  misconstruo- 
tion.  The  following  table  will  suffi- 
ciently illustrate  this : 

Se,  ^^sin;''  the  original    idea  of  the 
verb. 
Bsey  "  sin ;"  the  noun. 
Lese,  "  to  have  sin ;"  verb  of  po8sesfiK». 
JSUee,  "  one  who  has  sin ;"  noun  of 
possession. 
Il^'se,  "  the  act  of  having  sin.** 
Ailese,  "  the  not  having  fin." 
Laileee,   "to    possess    freedom    from 
having  sin." 

Alailese,  "  one  who  possesses,"  &c. 
Again  we  have 

Fe,  *^  k)ve."  Ife,  "  the  act  of  k)ving." 
Afe,  "  the  state  of  loving."  Atife,  "  the 
beginning  to  love.  Ai/e^  "the  state  of 
not  loving ;"  and  so  on. 

In  tlie  South  African  dialects,  how- 
ever, there  is  a  system  of  clasafjication 
in  these  prefixes,  distinguishing  animate 
from  inanimate  objects,  which  is  entire- 
ly wanting  in  the  loruba  language. 

2.  In  tlie  Yoruba  tongue,  moreover^ 
there  is  a  singular  euphonic  concord  be- 
tween the  verb  and  the  pronoun,  by 
which  the  form  of  the  pronoun  varies 
with  the  vowel  sound  of  the  verb.  In- 
deed, the  pronoun  of  the  third  person 
singular  has  seven  different  forms,  each 
being  a  simple  vowel-sound  to  corres- 
pond with  that  of  the  verb.  The  same, 
variations  occur,  to  some  extent,  in  the 
negative  particle.  In  other  African 
dialects  there  are  euphonic  changes,  but 
they  are  effeoted  by  means  of  consonant 
sounds,  not  by  vowels. 

8.  A  great  peculiarity  of  all  other 
African  languages  is  the  perfection  ot 
that  mode  of  conjugation,  termed  by 
Bunsen  the  Semitic :  namely,  by  TaryinQ 
the  root.  In  the  Hebrew  there  are  seven 
conjugations,  eijrht  in  the  Arabic,  eight 
in  the  Kafir,  eleven  in  the  Al|>ongwe 
and  Woloff* — including  the  Preparatory^ 
the  Iterative,  the  Diminutive,  and  the 
Intensive  Negative.  But  all  these  are 
wanting  in  the  Yoruba,  where  coi\juga- 
tion  is  only  effected  through  the  auxiliary 
verbs,  the  root  remaining  unaltered, 

4.  We  may  mention  one  more  peon- 
liarity  of  this  language,  in  the  singular 


1854.] 


African  Proverbial  Philo9ophy, 


367 


perfeotion  of  its  adverbial  aystein. 
Each  adverb  includes  the  idea,  not  only 
of  a  certain  qualification,  but  also  of  a 
diatinct  object  of  qualification.  Thus 
every  a4]t'ctive  has  ltd  appropriate  ad- 
verb, and  every  adverb  is  limited  in  its 
application.  In  English,  there  is  scarce- 
ly an  a<\jective,  to  virhich  the  adverb 
••wry"  could  not  be  prefixed.  We 
shonld  ftay,  for  instance,  *^the  tree  is 
very  hish,^*  "  the  bird  flies  very  high," 
^ this  doth  is  very  yellow,"  "the  scarlet 
is  very  red,''  ''  the  glass  Is  very  dazzling.^ 
Bat  to  use  any  corresponding  adverb 
thus  freely  in  Yoruba,  would  ruin  our 
reputation  as  scholars.  We  must  say 
**iggiga>l<J/fo,"  "eiye  fo  tiantiaii,''  "aso 
yl  pon  rokiroki^^  "  odido  pipa  roro^^"*  and 
so  on.  This  is,  of  course,  an  additional 
harden  ui>on  the  memory  of  the  student, 
bat  it  gives  proportionate  compass  and 
aoearaoy  to  the  language. 


It  it  past  question,  that  the  most  re- 
markable result  of  our  knowledge,  res- 
pecting the  Yoruba  language,  is  to  be 
found  in  the  wonderful  richness  and 
variety  of  their  Proverbial  Philosophy. 
We  are  aware,  that  thii  department  of 
literaUire  does  not  belong  to  the  intel- 
lectual maturity  of  a  nation.  In  fact, 
Lord  Ohesterfitild  avers,  that  no  man 
of  £uhion  ever  uses  proverbs.  But  our 
Yornba  friends  are  by  no  means  men  of 
fitthion.  Yet  nothing  tests  the  natural 
qoictneas  and  keenness  of  a  nation  more 
tnan  its  proverbf«,  and  tried  by  this  test, 
the  Yorubas  are  triumphant.  Thoy  have 
DO  ppetry,  no  oratory ;  all  the  intellect 
of  the  race  is  condensed  into  proverbs. 
In  tact,  they  constitute  a  sort  of  i)oetry. 
Every  object  affords  its  metaphor,  every 
thooffbt  becomes  an  aphorism;  and 
not  this  only,  but  the  most  elaborate  of 
these  sentences  assume  invariably  that 
Oriental  parallelism,  which  is  the  pri- 
mary formation  of  poetry.  Every  feature 
of  flebrew  verse,  as  analyze<l  by  Lowth 
and  Herder,  with  all  their  clas}.ification 
of  ^  gradational,  antithetic,  synthetic,  and 
introverted."  finds  its  corresponding  tnut 
among  the  Yonibas. 

ObMrve,  for  instance,  the  following 
couplets : 

H  Hro  ke  11  ovo,  o  II  eoA ; 

Bi  Hra  kS  II  caa,  o  11  ohm  rerc  U  cnoa. 

**  If  yo«  hftve  no  money  (to  five),  70a  mnj  pay 

vMU; 
If  joa  eauiot  rUlt,  joa  may  tend  kind  meuagtt.** 


Again: 

AkI  Ifba  akaka  lovo  aUtl ; 

Akl  Igba  ille  babba  onni  lowo  ennl. 

**  No  one  can  care  a  monkey  of  aquatting ; 

80  no  one  can  deprive  a  man  of  hii  birthiigfat.** 

Again  (we  spare  the  reader  the  ori- 
ginal): 

**  A  pletol  hai  not  a  bore  Ukt  a  cannon ; 

A  poor  man  hai  not  money  at  hli  command  like  tht 

rich." 
"  A  wild  boar,  In  the  place  of  a  pig,  would  ravish  the 

town; 
And  a  slare,  made  king,  would  ipare  nobody." 

Sometimes  we  find  a  triplet : 

**  The  world  la  an  ocean. 

Mankind  la  the  (lagoon)  Oaaa, 

One  cannot  awlm,  ao  as  to  croaa  the  world.** 

Again: 

**  Borrow  Is  before  weephxg, 
MorUicatAn  la  a/ler  trouble, 
All  the  oommunlty  aaaemble,  they  find  no  aaeriflot 
■gainst  mortlAcation.** 

Sometimes  the  verses  are  even  longer, 
and  sometimes  the  arranKement  of  the 
linos  is  reversed.  The  following  illus- 
trates this,  and  also  shows  the  accuracy 
of  the  national  ear: 

**  Three  eldera  cannot  all  fkil  to  pronounce  the  word 

dknln; 
If  one  aays  ekiiln, 
The  second  may  say  ekolu ; 
But  Uie  third  wUl  saydkulu.** 

Once  more,  still  more  elaborately : 

**  When  the  day  dawna. 

The  trader  taken  his  money, 

Tlie  spinner  takes  her  spindle. 

The  warrior  takes  hia  ahleld. 

The  wearer  takes  hIa  batten. 

The  fkrmcr  wakea,  himaelf  and  hla  hoe. 

The  hunter  wakes,  with  his  quirer  and  his  bow.** 

This  final  rhyme  is  an  irresistible  temp- 
tation of  the  translator.  The  original 
has  rhythm— but  not  rhyme.  The  fol- 
lowing example  shows  the  nearest 
approximation  to  rhyme,  in  a  sort  of 
unmeaning  metrical  jingle — 

"  Q|o  pa  batta 

BaU  batu  bata, 

Ll  ori  apatta ; 

LI  ode  ajalubata, 

BaU  ni  igfl,  batu  II  awo. 

The  rain  on  the  bata  (shoea) 

Ooea  patter,  patter,  patter ; 

As  on  the  apatU  (rock) ; 

In  the  street  of  the  iO*lalMiU  (head  drummer) 

The  bata  (dram)  is  of  wood,  the  batU  (shoea)  of  akio.'* 


368 


African  Proverbial  Philoinphy, 


[Oct 


As  it  is  the  main  object  of  this 
to  give  a  full  exhibition  of  these  aphor- 
isms, we  proceed  to  make  a  copious 
selection  n-om  the  mass.  Thoc^e  who 
have  read  Mr.  Trench's  recent  *'*'  Lessons 
from  Proverbs"  will  find  an  especial 
interest  in  these  specimens,  though  they 
have  been  almost  wholly  overlooked  by 
that  agreeable  writer.  We  have  ar- 
ranged these  nnder  approximate  heads, 
and  added  some  explanations  and  refer- 
ences. 

1.  PRACTICAL  PROVERBS. 

He  runs  away  from  the  sword,  and 
hides  himself  in  the  scabbard.  ("  Out  of 
the  frying-pan  into  the  fire.") 

The  stirrup  is  the  father  of  the  saddle. 
("  O'est  le  nremier  pas  qui  coftte.") 

lie  who  has  no  cross-bow  but  his  eye- 
brow will  never  kill  anything.  ("  Bark- 
inff  dogs  never  bite.") 

If  yonr  stomach  is  not  strong,  do  not 
eat  cockroaches.    (Moderation.) 

If  one  cannot  build  a  house,  he  builds 
ashed.    ("  Half  a  loaf,"  &c.} 

One  lock  does  not  know  tne  wards  of 
anotlier. 

A  bald-headed  person  docs  not  care  for 
a  razor. 

The  thread  is  quite  accustomed  to 
follow  the  path  of  the  needle. 

The  sword  shows  no  respect  for  its 
maker.  ("  Bad  actions  return  to  plague 
the  inventor.") 

The  sole  of  the  foot  is  exposed  to  all 
the  filth  of  the  road.  (" Evil  communica- 
tions," &c.) 

The  pot-lid  is  always  badly  off;  the 
pot  gets  the  sweet,  the  lid  gets  the 
steam. 

Without  powder  a  gun  is  only  a  rod. 

When  the  man  on  stilts  faUs,  another 
gets  the  bamboo  (stilt) — (t.  «.,  "Pride 
shall  have  a  fall.") 

The  pestle  and  the  mortar  have  no 
quarrel  between  them — (t.  «.,  they  are 
only  instruments  of  another.) 

The  covetous  man,  not  content  with 
gathering  the  fruit  of  tree,  took  an  axe 
and  cut  it  down.  (The  goose  with  the 
golden  egg.) 

I  almost  killed  the  bird,  said  the  fowler. 
Almost  never  made  a  stew,  was  the  re- 
ply.   ("  Almost  takes  away  half.") 

It  is  only  the  water  which  is  spilt ; 
the  calabash  is  not  broken :  (that  all  is 
not  lost.) 

He  chokes  me  like  ekom.    (Said  of  a  ' 
tedious  person.    Eknra  is  a  very  dry 
cake ;— "  the  remainder  biscuit.") 


He  who  waits  for  chance  will  have  to 
wait  a  year. 

God  made  different  creatures  differ- 
ently. (The  original  has  a  jingle  to  it, 
like  ^^  many  men  many  minds.") 

Want  of  consideration  and  forethought 
made  six  brothers  pawn  themselves  for 
six  dollars. 

A  one-sided  story  is  always  right. 
Ear,  hear  the  other  side,  before  yoa 
decide. 

He  who  marries  a  beanty,  xnanies 
trouble. 

Though  a  man  may  miss  other  thinga, 
he  never  misses  his  mouth. 

Wo  wake,  and  find  marks  on  the 
palm  of  our  hand,  but  we  know  not 
who  made  them;  we  wake,  and  find 
an  old  debt,  and  cannot  remember  how 
we  incurred  it. 

If  the  poor  roan^s  rafter  does  not 
reach  the  roof  in  the  morning,  it  will 
reach  it  in  the  evening.  (This  refers  to 
a  traditional  poor  man  who  advised 
splicing  two  rafters  in  raising  a  house; 
and  whose  advice  was  at  first  despised, 
and  finally  followed. — See  Eccl.  ix.  5.) 

The  bill-hook  cut  the  forest,  but  with 
no  profit  to  itself;  the  bill-hook  cleared 
the  road,  with  no  profit  to  itself;  then  it 
was  broken,  a  ring  was  put  on  its  handle, 
and  it  was  still  kept  at  work.  ("  Sio  vos 
non  vobis.") 

3.  PROVERBS  DRAWN  FROM  NATUSK. 

Tlie  dawn  comes  twice  to  do  man. 

To-day  is  the  elder  brother  of  to-mor- 
row, and  a  copious  deer  is  the  elder 
brother  of  the  rain^ 

One  day's  rain  makes  up  for  manv 
day's  drought.  (*'  It  never  rains  bnt  it 
pours.") 

When  the  rain  beat  upon  the  parrot, 
the  woodcock  rejoiced,  thinking  that  his 
red  tail  was  spoiled,  but  the  rain  only 
increased  its  beauty. 

The  sprout  of  the  iroko  tree,  most  be 
plucked  while  it  is  vet  tender.  ("As 
the  twig  is  bent,"  &c.) 

The  parasite  (vine)  claims  relationsKup 
with  every  tree. 

To  be  trodden  upon  here,  to  be  trod- 
den upon  there,  is  the  fate  of  the  palm- 
nut  in  the  road. 

Unless  the  tree  falls,  one  will  never  get 
at  the  branches. 

No  one  should  ask  the  fish,  of  what 
happens  in  the  pliun,  nor  the  rat  of  what 
happens  in  the  water. 

it  was  tlie  death  of  the  fish,  which  in* 
troduced  it  to  the  palace. 


1854.] 


Afrwoai  Proverbial  Philosophy. 


869 


Th«  rat  0Ai<1, 1  am  less  angry  with  the 
mao  who  killed  iiie,  than  with  him  who 
dashed  me  on  the  ground  afterwards. 
(^  Addinic  iusnlc  to  iigurj.*') 

The  ajao^  is  neither  rat  nor  hird. 
(find  of  persons  who  are  ^^  neither  one 
thing  nor  the  other," — ^neither  fish, 
flesh,  nor  good  red-herring  I '^ 

When  the  hawk  hoveni,  the  ponlterer 
looks  nneasy. 

It  is  ea«y  to  cat  up  a  dead  elephant. 

If  the  a^iliti  (or  gnana),  will  die  to- 
OMMTow  for  want  of  water,  rain  will 
mrelj  come  to-morrow.  (^^  Man's  ex- 
tremity U  God's  opfiortanity.") 

If  yon  abuse  the  ettu,  you  give, the  awo 
the  head-ache.  (t.  e.  Persons  feel  plights 
OMt  npon  their  relatives; — these  being 
two  Urds  of  the  same  genus.) 

Conquer  tlie  aghalle^  you  must  oonquer 
ibmmrabi,  (Two  insects  always  found 
together.) 

The  veranda  in  the  house  of  a  tor- 
toise, will  not  accomodate  a  guest.  (The 
reranda  being  the  projecting  part  of 
the  shell.    Said  of  inhoi^pitable  persons.) 

When  the  fox  dies,  no  fowl  mourns; 
for  the  fox  rearri  no  chickens. 

When  the  fish  is  killed,  his  tail  is  in- 
serted in  his  own  mouth.  (Applied  to 
one  who  suffers  for  his  own  misdeed^.) 

When  fire  bums  in  the  fields,  the  fiakes 
iy  to  the  town. 

Tlie  crow  was  going  to  Ibara;  a  breeze 

Sning  up  behind.    This  will  help  mo 
»ng  famously,  said  the  crow. 
He  is  a  fiM)l  who  cannot  lift  an  ant^ 
and  yet  tries  to  lift  au  elephant.  (^^  Strain 
at  a  gnat,"  &c.) 

a.  raOVERDS   SHOWING    A  FEEUNO   FOB 
NATURAL  DEAUTir. 

Behind  and  before,  the  butterfly  praij>es 
Ood,  vet,  when  touched,  it  crumbles  like 
a  dnder. 

Heaven  and  earth  are  two  largo  cala- 
bihiieA,  which,  being  shut  (together),  can 
never  be  o|»ened. 

There  is  no  market  in  which  the  dove 
with  the  prominent  breast  has  not 
traded  (alluding  to  the  shape  of  tlie  oow- 
rioA  nsed  a^  money). 

Twinkling,  twinkling,  twinkling  stars; 
like  «)  many  chickens  behind  the  moon. 

The  mfK-k-binl  says — I  sing  200  Hongs 
in  tho  morning,  2<x)'at  ntxm,  and  200  in 
the  afWrn(K>n,  and  yet  I  sing  many 
frolicsome  notes  for  my  own  amusement. 

[The  proverbs  al)ound  in  evidences  of 
observation  of  animal  f  lecnliarities.  We 
■lio  find  striking  descriptive  phrases. 


such  as  Se-orum^  the  setting  sun,  when  it 
appears  like  a  globe.  Eni^iwen^  the 
fiickering  appearance  of  a  rarefied  atmo- 
sphere under  sunshine,  su])i)osed  to  pro- 
ceed from  an  underground  fire  made  by 
the  tortoise  to  kill  Uie  trees  by  burning 
the  roots.] 

4.  COMMERCIAL  PROVERBS. 

The  trader  never  confesses  that  he  has 
sold  all  his  goods,  but,  when  as^ked,  wiU 
only  say,  "Trade  is  a  little  better." — 
(Proverbs,  xx.,  14.) 

The  palm  of  the  hand  never  deceives 
one.    ("  A  bird  in  the  hand,"  iSbc.) 

Men  tliink  the  poor  man  is  not  as  wise 
as  the  rich,  for  (they  say)  if  he  were  wise, 
why  is  he  poor  ?  (Can  Wall  street  de- 
rise  a  more  ingenious  defence  ?) 

He  is  as  persuasive  as  a  seller  of  ookes. 
(Sam  Slick  can  say  nothing  more  to  the 
point.) 

The  borrower,  who  does  not  pay,  gets 
no  more  money  lent  him. 

He  runs  into  debt,  who  cuts  up  a  pigeon 
to  sell  by  retail. 

A  man  walks  freely  before  his  defamer, 
when  he  knows  that  the  latter  has  not 
twenty  cowries  in  his  pocket.  (Quite  a 
new  modification  of  the  "  vacuus  can- 
tabit"  philosophy!) 

A  gift  is  a  gift,  and  a  purcliase  is  a 
purchase,  but  no  one  thanks  you  for 
"  I  sold  it  very  cheap." 

Aj6  (god  of  money)  often  passes  by 
the  first  caravan  that  arrives  and  loads 
tho  lost  with  bles!4ings.  (*^The  race  is 
not  to  tho  swift,"  «S:c.) 

Inordinate  gain  makes  a  hole  in  tho 
pocket.  ("  He  earnetli  wages  to  put  it 
into  a  bag  with  holes." — Haggai,  i.,  G.) 

0.  PROVERBS  OF  COMPASSION. 

The  wicked  man  would  not  treat  his 
own  child  as  he  treat^^  those  of  others. 

A  slave  is  not  a  block  of  wood  (/i7., 
child  of  a  tree).  When  a  slave  dio^*,  his 
mother  hears  nothing  of  it ;  vot  the  slave, 
too,  was  once  a  chiM  in  his  iiiot!icr*s 
hoa<<e. 

Birth  does  not  differ  from  birth ;  as 
the  freeman  was  born,  so  was  the  slave. 

The  arc  (a  sort  of  crijiple)  is  the  p«)rter 
at  the  gate  of  the  go<ls.  ("  They  also 
serve  who  only  stand  and  wait.'*) 

6.  MORAL  AND  REUGIOUS  PROVERBS. 

All  mankind  are  related  to  one  an- 
other. 

Ho  who  does  not  love  his  neiglibor 
acta  maliciously. 


370 


African  Proverbial  Philosophy, 


[Oct 


Anger  doc3  nobody  good ;  patience  is 
the  best  of  dispositions.  Anger  draws 
arrows  from  the  quiver ;  patience  draws 
kola-nuts  from  the  bag. 

The  okun  (a  reptile)  has  200  hands  and 
200  feet,  and  yet  acts  gently. 

A  cutting  word  is  as  tough  as  a  bow- 
string ;  a  cutting  word  cannot  be  healed^ 
though  a  wound  may. 

Covet  ousness  is  the  mother  of  ausatis- 
fied  desire. 

Consideration  is  the  first-born,  cal- 
culation the  next,  wisdom  the  third. 

A  bribe  bhnds  the  judge's  eyes,  for 
bribes  never  si)eak  the  truth. 

IJe  who  has  committed  a  secret  action, 
su|)poses  himself  the  subject  of  all  con- 
versation. 

lie  who  despises  another  despises  him- 
self. Contempt  should  never  be  shown 
to  a  fellow  man. 

AVherever  a  man  goes  to  dwell,  his 
character  goes  with  liim. 

lie  is  to  be  feared  who  sends  yon 
on  a  message,  not  he  to  whom  you  are 
sent. 

Leave  the  battle  to  God,  and  rest  your 
head  uiK»n  your  hand. 

So  ])lain  is  ii  that  all  tlie  wit,  wisdom 
and  fancy,  all  the  observation  and  phi- 
losophy of  the  nation  are  crystallized 
into  tliis  aphoristic  form,  that  the  Yoruba 
phrase  for  a  wise  statesman  is  "  a  man 
w I lo  u nderst4uids  proverbs."  These  say- 
ings form  an  unwritten  code  of  law  and 
ethics,  and  aiford  a  perpetual  replenish- 
ment to  the  thoughts  of  common  men. 
"  A  proverb,"  the  natives  say,  "  is  the 
liorse  <>f  conversation;  when  the  con- 
versation flags,  a  proverb  revives  it." 
Nor  are  these  sayings  traditional  only, 
but  are  coined  readily  by  the  people  for 
immediate  use.  In  every  way  they  love 
the  encounter  of  keen  wit«*.  When 
families  are  seated  in  the  moonlight,  on 
summer  evenings,  in  the  favorite  open 
court  which  forms  the  centre  of  every 
habitation,  after  the  fairy  tales  are 
exhausted,  the  lighter  entertainment  of 
riddles  begins:  "What  is  that  small 
coniined  room  which  is  filled  with  pins? 
The  mouth  and  teeth."  "  What  is  that 
little  steep  hill  that  nobody  can  climb? 
An  ^g^."^^  "  What  is  that  which  any  one 
can  divide,  but  no  one  can  see  where  it 
has  been  divided?  Water."  And  after 
every  success  or  failure,  follow  bursts  of 
African  laughter  more  inextinguishable 
than  the  Homeric,  to  convulse  the  sultry 
air. 

A  word,  finally,  in  regard  to  the  more 
practical   faenlties  of  this   interestiDg 


race.  It  is  a  singular  flact,  yet  proved  by 
ample  testimony,  that  tlie  Yorubans,  in 
common  with  all  the  western  Africans, 
possess,  in  a  high  degree,  those  two 
qualities  which  we  claim  as  especially 
American — mechanical  ingenuity  and 
commercial  enterprise.  Their  markets, 
as  above  described,  prove  the  just  claim, 
and  all  eye-witnesses  confirm  it.  "  Tra- 
vellers idl  agree"  (says  a  writer  in  Honfei^s 
Merchant's  Magazine  for  July,  1852), 
"  that  these  nations  exhibit  a  remarkable 
degree  of  genius  for  mechanics."  "The 
palm-tree  is  applied  among  them,^*  he 
adds,  "to  no  less  than  three  hundred 
and  sixty-five  difterent  uses."  "  In  most 
towns  in  this  region,"  says  John  Duncan, 
"the  mechanic  is  very  much  esteemed 
on  account  of  his  craft,  but  especiaUy 
the  blacksmith,  who,  in  their  own  lan- 
guage, is  called  a  cunning  man^  ranking 
next  to  the  fetish-man  or  priest." 

To  the  mercantile  character  of  these 
races,  the  most  emphatic  testimony  is 
borne  by  Captain  William  Allen,  in  his 
narrative  of  the  ill-fated  Niger  expedi- 
tion. 

"  The  strongest  characteristic  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  interior  of  Africa  is 
the  love  of  traffic ;  it  is,  indeed,  the  rul- 
ing passion,  whicli,  if  rightly  developed, 
may  become  the  instrument  for  raimng 
them  in  the  scale  of  nations.  Every 
town  has  a  market,  generally  once  in 
four  days;  but  tlie  princi|)al  feature  is 
in  the  large  fairs  held  at  different  points 
on  the  river,  about  once  a  fortnight,  for 
what  may  be  called  their  foreign  trade, 
or  intercourse  with  neighboring  nations. 
They  are  professedly  held  sacred,  what- 
ever wars  may  be  in  the  land.  (Narra- 
tive I.,  898.) 

"  Kings,  priests,  warriors,  down  to  the 
meanest  slaves,  all  are  traders  in  Africa; 
and  although  this  ruling  propensity  has 
been  perverted  to  the  worst  of  purposes, 
it  may  be  turned  to  the  best. 

"The  several  expeditions  into  the 
interior  of  Africa  have  proved  that  tlie 
people  there  are  far  from  being  devoid 
of  civilization.  That  they  have,  in  &ct, 
institutions  and  tendencies  which,  if 
fully  developed,  would  aid  much  in 
healing  the  wounds  which  have  been 
infiicted  by  the  pervei^ion  of  them. 
They  have  justice,  which  lends  its  hal- 
lowed name  to  the  worst  of  purposes; 
and  they  have  commerce,  which  is 
absorbed  by  the  most  ruinous  of  aU 
speculations — the  sale  of  their  fellows." 
(II.,  480.) 

^  Nothing  can  be  more  ug'Qst  thaa 


1854.] 


Itrael  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


371 


oar  AssamptioD,  that  the  natives  of 
Africa  are  devoid  of  civilizatioD.  It  is 
true  that  the  inhabitant  of  many  parts 
of  the  coast,  and  principally  at  the  mouths 
of  large  rivers,  where  they  have  had 
fr§h  pudor,  most  intercourse  with  the 
whites^  are,  indeed,  deserving  the  name 
of  savages.  *  *  *  /t  u,  howerer, 
eery  different  the  farther  we  go  into  the 
interior:'    (L,  891.) 

We  regret  to  find,  in  the  narrative  of 
Mr.  Jiihn  Duncan,  of  the  Life  Guard 
(LnndoD,  1S47),  the  suspicion  of  the  slave 
trading  cast  even  npon  the  Ohristianized 
aadTMof  Abeokuta;  although,  we  must 
ttsa  tome  caution  in  accepting  the  oon- 
doHoDs  of  a  witness,  who  asserts  of  the 
largest  slave-dealer  in  western  Africa, 
that  **a  more  generous  and  benevolent 
man  never  existed.*'  Be  that  as  it  may, 
it  n  oertain  that  it  must  require  cen- 
tories  of  purer  missionary  effort  than 
any  which  Christendom  has  yet  pnt 
forth,  to  overcome  the  ruin  which 
Christendom  causes,  every  year,  by  its 
horrible  commerce  with  western  Africa. 
Commerce,  osnally  the  first  civilizer  of 
■•rioiw,  here  only  leads  the  native  races 
deeper  into  barbarism.  As  inland  trees 
dnxip  and  wither,  where  the  sea-fogs 
eb  them,  so,  where  tlie  slave-trade 
np  from   the   sea-board,  there 


agriculture  withers,  invention  droops, 
and  all  human  feding  dies.  Let  the 
Churcii  Missionary  Society  send  its 
devoted  apostles  to  convert  their  four 
hundred  to  a  nominal  Christianity ;  there 
is  a  mightier  opponent  than  all  native 
heathenism,  to  be  met.  Christendom 
hires  all  western  Africa  to  figlit  one  end- 
less and  bloody  war,  simply  to  supply 
tlie  slave-ships  with  new  human  victims. 
For  this  fiendish  service — which  would 
stain  the  purity  of  whitest  silver,  or  un- 
tarnished gold,  if  used  in  tlie  bargaining 
— Chrbtendom  pays  in  Rum  and  Gun- 
powder :  the  price  being  a  sufficient  ill, 
without  the  merchandise,  or  the  mer- 
chandise without  the  price.  And  finally, 
to  add  one  crowning  horror,  beyond  the 
range  of  ordinary  woe,  the  chief  agency 
in  the  monstrous  traffic  is  given  to 
women,  and  to  that  very  race  of  women 
whose  spontaneous  beneficence  Mungo 
Park  has  made  immortal.  In  presence 
of  these  facts,  what  hope  from  the  mere 
agency  of  missionaries  for  western 
Africa?  "Physician  heal  thyself." 
Even  while  we  write,  some  new  incur- 
sion of  this  terrible  soldiery  may  have 
prostrated  the  final  strongholds  of  the 
Vorubas,  and  of  all  their  poetry  and  phi- 
losophy, these  pages  may  be  the  last 
memorial. 


ISRAEL  POTTER;  OR,  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  EXILE. 
(ConUnoed  from  ]>afe  S90.) 


CHAPTER  XIIL 

■i   MCAFB  riOM   THK   aorrti,  VITB  TABIOUI   ASTia- 
TOKM  ffOLLOWlXO. 

HE  starte<l  at  the  funereal  aspect  of  the 
room,  into  which,  since  he  last  stood 
there,  undertakers  seemed  to  have  stolen. 
The  curtaia<«  of  the  window  were  fes- 
tooned ynili  long  weei)ers  of  crai>e.  The 
(iior  comers  of  the  red  cloth  on  the 
roand  table  were  knotted  with  crape. 

Knowing  nothing  of  these  mournful 
customs  of  the  country,  nevertheless,  Is- 
raelis iastinct  wliispercMl  him,  that  S<iuire 
Woodcock  lived  no  more  on  this  earth. 
At  once,  tlie  whole  three  days'  mystery 
was  made  cle.'ir.  Hut  what  was  now  to 
be  dune?  His  friend  must  have  died 
v«ry  suddenly;  most  probably,  struck 
down  in  a  fit,  from  which  he  never  more 
ruM.     Witli  him  had  i>erisiied  all  know- 


ledge of  the  fact  that  a  stranger  was  im- 
mured in  the  mansion.  If  discovered 
Uien,  prowling  here  in  the  inmost  priva- 
cies of  a  gentleman's  abode,  what  would 
befal  the  wanderer,  already  not  unsus- 
pected in  tlio  neighborhood  of  some  un- 
derhand guilt  as  a  fugitive  ?  If  he  ad- 
hered to  the  strict  trutli,  what  could  he 
offer  in  his  own  defence  without  c«)nvict- 
ing  himself  of  act*,  which,  by  English 
tribunals,  would  bo  accounted  flagitious 
crimes?  Unless,  indee<l,  by  involving 
the  memory  of  the  deceased  S<iniro 
Woodcock  in  his  own  selt'-acknowledged 
proceedings,  so  uugenenius  a  cliurgo 
should  result  in  an  abhorrent  refusal  to 
credit  his  extraordinary  tale,  whether  as 
referring  to  himself  or  another ;  and  so 
throw  him  o])en  to  still  more  grievous 
suspicions? 
While  wrapped  in  these  dispiriting^ 


372 


Israel  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


[Oct 


reveries,  he  heard  a  step  not  very  far  off 
in  the  passage.  It  seemed  approaching. 
Instantly  lie  flow  to  the  jamb,  which  re- 
maiiiei]  unclosed;  and  disappearing 
within,  drew  the  stone  after  him  by  the 
iron  knob.  Owing  to  his  hurried  vio- 
lence, the  jamb  closed  with  a  dull,  dismal 
and  sinpilar  noise.  A  shriek  followed 
from  within  the  room.  In  a  pauic^  Is- 
rael fled  up  the  dark  stairs;  and  near  the 
tup,  in  his  eugi'mes^,  stumbled,  and  fell 
bark  to  tlie  last  t^tep  with  a  rolling  din, 
which  reverberated  by  the  arch  over- 
head smote  through  and  through  the 
wall,  dying  away  at  last  indistinctly,  like 
low  muftlfd  thunder  among  the  clefts  of 
deep  hilU  When  raising  himself  in- 
stantly, not  seriously  bruised  by  his  fall, 
Israel  intently  listened; — the  echoing 
sounds  of  his  descent  were  mingled  with 
added  shrieks  from  within  the  room. 
They  seemed  some  nervous  female's,  al- 
armed by  what  must  have  appeared  to 
her  supernatural  or  at  least  unaccounta- 
ble noises  in  the  wall.  Directly  he  heard 
other  voices  of  alarm  undistinguishably 
commingled,  and  then,  they  retreated  to- 
gether, and  all  again  was  still. 

IvOoovering  from  his  flrst  amazement, 
Israel  revi>lved  these  occurrences.  No 
creature  now  in  the  house  knows  of  the 
cell,  thoujjht  he.  Some  woman, — the 
housekeeper,  jxirhaps, — first  entered  the 
room  jilone.  Just  as  the  entered,  the 
jamb  cL  «od.  The  sudden  report  made  her 
shriek ;  then,  afterwards,  the  noise  of 
my  fall  prolonging  itself,  added  to  her 
fright,  wliile  her  repeated  shrieks  brought 
every  soul  in  the  house  to  her;  who, 
aghast  at  seeing  her  lying  in  a  pale  faint, 
it  may  be,  like  a  corpse,  in  a  room  hung 
with  crape  for  a  man  just  dead,  they  also 
shrieked  out;  and  then  with  blended 
lamentations  they  bore  the  fainting  per- 
son away.  Now  this  will  follow;  no 
doubt  it  h(u  followed  ere  now  : — they 
believe  that  the  woman  saw  or  heard 
the  spirit  of  Squire  Woodcock.  Since  I 
seem  then  to  understand  how  all  these 
strange  events  have  occurred;  since  I 
seem  to  know  that  they  have  plain  com- 
mon causes;  I  begin  to  feel  cool  and 
cjilm  again.  Let  me  see.  Yes.  I  have 
it.  By  means  of  the  idea  of  the  ghost 
prevailing  among  the  frightened  hous- 
hold  ;  by  that  means,  I  will  this  very 
night  make  good  my  e?cape.  If  I  can 
but  lay  hands  on  some  of  the  late  Squire's 
clothing — if  but  a  coat  and  hat  of  his — 
I  shall  be  certain  to  succeed.  It  is  not 
tc»o  early  to  begin  now.  They  will 
hardly  oome  back  to  the  room  in  a  hurry* 


I  will  return  to  it,  and  see  what  I  can 
find  to  serve  my  purpose.  It  is  the 
Squire's  private  closet ;  hence  it  is  not 
unlikely  that  here  some  at  least  of  his 
clothing  will  be  found. 

With  these  thoughts,  he  cantionsly 
sprung  tlie  iron  under  foot,  peeped  in, 
and  seeing  all  clear,  boldly  re-entered  the 
apartment.  He  went  straight  to  a  high, 
narrow  door  in  the  opposite  wall.  The 
key  was  in  the  lock.  Opening  the  door, 
there  hung  several  coats,  small  clothes, 
pairs  of  silk  stockings,  aud  hats  of  the 
deceased.  With  little  diflBculty  Israel 
selected  from  tliese  the  complete  smt  in 
which  he  had  last  seen  liis  once  jovial 
friend.  Carefully  closing  the  door,  and 
carrying  the  suit  with  him,  he  was  re- 
turning towards  the  chimney,  when  he 
saw  the  Squire's  silver-headed  cane  lean- 
ing against  a  comer  of  the  wainscot. 
Taking  this  also,  he  stole  back  to  hhi 
cell. 

Slipping  off  his  own  clothing,  ho  deU- 
berately  arrayed  himself  in  the  borrow- 
ed raiment;  sjXk.  small-clotlies  and  all; 
then  put  on  the  cocked  hat,  grasped  the 
silver-headed  cane  in  his  right  hand,  and 
moving  his  small  shaving  gla.ss  slowly 
up  and  down  before  him,  so  aa  by  piece 
meal  to  take  in  his  whole  figure,  felt  con- 
vinced that  he  would  well  pass  f5)r  Squire 
Woodcock's  genuine  phantom.  But  after 
the  first  feeling  of  self-satisfaction  witli 
his  anticipated  success  had  left  him,  it 
was  not  without  some  superstitious  em- 
barrassment that  Israel  felt  himself  en- 
cased in  a  dead  man's  broadcloth  ;  nay, 
in  the  very  coat  in  which  the  deceased 
had  no  doubt  fallen  down  in  his  fit.  By 
degrees  ho  began  to  feel  almost  as  unreal 
and  shadowy  as  the  shade  whose  part  he 
intended  to  enact. 

Wmting  long  and  anxiously  tiU  dark- 
ness came,  and  then  till  he  thought  it 
was  fairly  midnight,  he  stole  back  into 
the  closet,  and  standing  for  a  moment 
uneasily  in  the  middle  of  the  floor,  think- 
ing over  all  the  risks  he  might  run,  he 
lingered  till  he  felt  himself  resolute  and 
cairn.  Then  groping  for  the  door,  lead- 
ing into  the  hall,  put  his  hand  on  the 
knob  and  turned  it.  But  the  door  reftis- 
ed  to  budge.  Was  it  locked  ?  The  key 
was  not  in.  Tuniing  the  knob  once 
more,  and  holding  it  so,  he  pressed  firm- 
ly against  the  door.  It  did  not  move. 
More  firmly  stiU,  when  suddenly  it  burst 
open  with  a  loud  crackling  report..  Being 
cramped,  it  had  stuck  in  the  sill.  Less 
tlian  three  seconds  passed,  when,  as  Is- 
rael was  groping  his  way  down  the  long 


1854.] 


Itnul  Potter;  or^  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


373 


wide  hall  towards  tho  large  staircase  at 
its  opposite  end,  he  heard  confused  hnr- 
rring  noiM^  from  the  neighboring  rooms, 
and  in  anntlier  instant  several  persons, 
mo^Iy  in  night-dresses,  appeared  at  their 
rluimbvrwhMjni,  tlirnsting  out  alarmed 
Chm,  lit  hy  a  lump  held  by  one  of  the 
namber,  a  rather  elderly  lady  in  widow's 
weeds,  who,  by  her  appearance,  seemed 
to  bare  jnst  risen  from  a  sleepless  chair, 
instead  of  an  obliTions  coach.  Israelis 
heart  beat  like  a  hammer ;  his  face  tam- 
ed like  a  sheet.  But  bracing  himself^ 
polling  hiif  hat  lower  down  over  his  eyes, 
lettling  hill  lioad  in  the  collar  of  his  coat, 
he  advanced  al(»ng  the  defile  of  wildly 
Maring  faces.  He  advanced  with  a  slow 
aad  stately  step ;  looked  neither  to  the 
right  nor  the  left;  bnt  went  solemnly 
forward  on  his  now  faintly  illnminated 
way,  soanding  his  cane  on  the  floor  as  he 
pasecid.  The  faces  in  the  doorways 
curdled  his  blood,  by  their  rooted  looks. 
Glned  to  the  spot,  they  seemed  incapa- 
ble of  motion.  Each  one  was  silent  as 
be  adraneed  towards  him  or  her ;  but  as 
be  left  each  individual,  one  after  another, 
behind,  each  in  a  frenzy  shrieked  out, 
"*  die  Stinire,  the  Squire  I'*  As  he  pass- 
ed the  lady  in  the  widow^s  weeds,  she 
fell  sen.««less  and  crosswise  before  him. 
Bat  fbrMd  to  be  immutable  in  his  pur- 
pose, l4rael  solemnly  stepping  over  her 
pKMtrate  form,  marched  duliborately  un. 

In  a  few  minutes  more  he  hod  reached 
the  main  d«K>r  of  tho  inan*«ion,  and  with- 
drawing tho  chain  and  bolt,  stood  in  the 
open  air.  It  was  a  bright  moonlight 
night.  lie  struck  slowly  acro««8  the  oikju 
grounds  towards  the  sunken  fields  be- 
Tond.  Whfn  midway  across  the  grounds, 
be  tameil  towards  the  mansion,  and  saw 
three  of  the  fnint  windows  filled  with 
white  face^  gazing  in  terror  at  the  won- 
dcffoJ  spectre.  Soon  descending  a  slope, 
he  diflapp^^arod  from  their  view. 

Presently  he  came  to  hilly  land  in 
meadow,  whtwe  grass  having  bocn  lately 
cnt,  now  lay  dotting  the  slope  in  cocks ; 
a  sinnons  fine  of  creamy  vapor  mcan- 
<Wred  throu<;h  the  I«)wlands  at  tlio  ba^ 
of  the  hill ;  while  l>eyond  was  a  dense 
{trove  of  d^arfi-ih  trees,  with  hero  and 
there  a  tall  tA{>ering  dead  trunk,  i>celed 
of  the  bark,  and  overi>eering  tlie  roKt. 
The  vap<ir  wore  the  ^oInblanco  of  a  deep 
•treim  of  water,  imperfectly  descrie<i ; 
the  grove  l<M>ked  like  somo  rlosely-<^lu!»- 
tering  town  tm  its  banks,  lorded  over  by 
•pfiree  of  churches. 

The  whole  scene  magically  ropn»duced 
to  onr  adventurer  the  asi)ect  of  Bunker 


Hill,  Cliarles  River,  and  Boston  town,  on 
the  well -remembered  night  of  the  IGtii 
of  June.  The  same  season;  tho  same 
moon ;  the  same  new-mown  hay  on  tlie 
shaven  sward ;  hay  which  was  scraped 
together  dnring  the  night  to  help  pack 
hito  the  redoubt  so  hurriedly  thrown  up. 

Acted  on  as  if  by  enchantment,  Israel 
sat  down  on  one  of  the  cocks,  and  gave 
hunself  up  to  reverie.  But,  worn  out  by 
long  loss  of  sleep,  hb  reveries  would 
have  soon  merged  into  slumber's  still 
wilder  dreams,  had  he  not  rallied  him- 
self, and  departed  on  his  way,  fearful  of 
forgetting  mmself  in  an  emergency  like 
the  present.  It  now  occurred  to  him 
that,  well  as  his  disguise  had  served  him 
in  escaping  from  the  mansion  of  Squire 
Woodoock,  that  discnise  might  fatally 
endanger  him  if  he  ^onld  be  discovered 
in  it  abroad.  He  might  pass  for  a  ghoe$t 
at  night,  and  among  the  relations  and 
immediate  friends  of  the  gentleman  de- 
ceased; bnt  by  day,  and  among  indif- 
ferent persons,  he  ran  no  small  risk  of 
being  apprehended  for  an  entry-thief. 
He  bitterly  lamented  his  omiss^ion  in  not 
pulUng  on  the  Squire's  dotlies  over  his 
own,  so  that  he  might  now  have  reap- 
peared in  his  former  guise. 

As  meditating  over  this  difficulty,  he 
was  pasdng  along,  suddenly  he  saw  a 
man  in  black  standing  right  in  his  path, 
about  fifty  yards  distant,  in  a  field  of 
some  growing  barley  or  wheat.  The 
gloomy  stranger  was  standing  stock-still ; 
one  outstretched  arm,  with  weird  inti- 
mation p<»inting  towards  tho  deceased 
Sijuire's  abode.  To  tho  brooding  soul  of 
the  now  desolate  Israel,  so  strange  a 
sight  roused  a  suiwrnatural  suspicion. 
His  conscience  morbidly  reproaching  him 
for  the  terrors  he  had  bred  in  making 
his  escape  from  tiie  house;  he  seemed  to 
see  in  tiie  fixed  gesture  of  the  stranger 
something  more  than  humanly  signifi- 
cant. But  somewhat  of  his  intrepidity 
returned;  he  resolved  to  test  the  appa- 
rition. Composing  itself  to  the  s:une 
deliberate  statoliness  with  which  it  had 
iMiced  the  hall,  tho  phantom  of  S(iiiro 
Woo<lc«x'k  firmly  advanoe<l  its  cane,  ond 
marched  f^traiglit  forward  towards  the 
mysterious  stranger. 

As  he  ncared  him,  Israel  shrunk.  The 
dark  coat-sleeve  thipi>ed  on  the  )H)ny 
skeleton  of  tho  unknown  ann.  The  fuiM) 
was  lo«it  in  a  sort  of  ghuKtly  blank.  It 
was  no  living  man. 

But  mechauicallycontinuing  his  course, 
Israel  drew  still  nearer  and  saw — ascar^ 
crow. 


8U 


Itraa  Patter;  or.  Fifty  Tear$  of  Xxik. 


[0* 


AS  xsoojnsnxR  of  ohobib. 


Not  a  little  relieved  by  the  dkoorTery, 
our  adyentarer  pansed,  more  putica- 
larly  to  survey  00  deeeptive  an  olject 
whioh  seemed  to  have  been  oonstnu^ 
on  the  most  effident  prindples ;  probably 
by  some  broken  down  wax-fiffore  cos- 
tamer.  It  comprised  the  complete  ward- 
robe of  asoare-orow.  namely:  a  cocked 
hat,  baniced ;  tattered  coat;  old  velveteen 
breeches:  and  long  worsted  stockings, 
fhll  of  holes ;  all  stuffed  very  nicely  with 
straw,  and  skeletoned  by  a  frame-work 
of  poles.  There  was  a  great  flapped 
pocket  to  the  coat — which  seemed  to 
have  been  some  laborer's—standing  in- 
vitinfflv  open.  Patting  his  hands  in, 
Israel  drew  oat  the  lid  of  an  old  tobaoco- 
box,  the  broken  bowl  of  a  pipe,  twornsl^ 
nails,  and  a  few  kernels  of  wheat.  Tliis 
reminded  him  of  the  Sqoire's  pockets. 
Trying  them,  he  prodaced  a  handsome 
handkcrchi^  a  spectacle-case,  with  a 
purse  containing  some  silv^  and  gold, 
amoanting  to  a  little  more  than  five 
poands.  Such  is  the  difference  between 
the  contents  of  the  pockets  of  scare-crows 
and  the  pockets  of  well-to-do  sqoires. 
Ere  donning  his  present  habiliments, 
Israi^l  had  not  omitted  to  withdraw  his 
own  money  from  his  own  coat,  and  pat 
it  in  the  pocket  of  his  own  waistcoat, 
whioii  he  had  not  exchanged. 

Looking  npon  the  scare-crow  more 
attentively,  it  struck  him  diat^  miserable 
as  its  wardrobe  was,  nevertheless  here 
wus  a  chance  for  getting  rid  of  the  o^- 
snitableand  perilous  clothes  of  the  Squire. 
1^0  other  available  opportnnity  might 
present  itself  for  a  time.  Before  he  en- 
countered any  living  creatnre  by  day- 
ligiit,  another  suit  must  somehow  be  had. 
His  exchange  with  the  old  ditcher,  after 
his  escape  from  the  inn  near  Portsmouth, 
]iad  familiarized  him  with  the  most  de- 
plorable of  wardrobes.  Well,  too,  he 
knew,  and  had  experienced  it,  that  for  a 
man  desirous  of  avoiding  notice,  the 
more  wretched  the  clothes  the  better. 
For  who  does  not  shun  the  scurvy  wretdi. 
Poverty,  advancing  in  battered  hat  and 
lamentable  coat? 

Without  more  ado,  slipping  off  the 
Squire's  raiment,  he  aonncKd  we  scare- 
crow's, after  careftdly  shaking  oat  the 
hay,  which,  from  many  alternate  soak- 
ings  and  bakings  in  rain  and  sun,  had 
become  quite  broken  up,  and  would  have 
been  almost  dust,  were  it  not  fbr  the 
mildew  whioh  damped  it.  But  sufficient 
of  this  wretched  old  hay  remained  ad- 


hesive to  the  ioalde  of  the  breeoibeiod 
coat  aleevea,  to  prodnoe  the  mai^Mi/b- 
ingtorment. 

The  grand  moral  qnestiMi  now  em 
npL  whattodo  withtbepnnef  Wsild 
it  be  dishonest  under  the  drenintawii 
to  appropriate  that  parse  t  OoaAdm^ 
the  whole  matter,  and  noi  furtfttin 
that  he  had  not  received  from  iEif» 
tleman  deceased  the  promiMd  rsm 
Ibr  his  services  as  conrier/IsriaK.edi- 
daded  that  he  might  lastly  use  the  1 
ney  for  his  own.  To  which  ( 
surely  no  charitable  Jodge  win  _ 
BesideflL  what  ahoold  he  do  with  lb 
parse,  if  not  use  it  for  his  pwnt  ft 
would  have  been  insane  to  have  rstami 
it  to  the  relationa.  Snoh  myateriiii 
honesty  wooJd  have  but  reaoltediiyi 
arrest  as  a  rebel,  or  lasoaL  At ftithi 
Sqaire*s  dothea,  handkerohie(  and  m* 
tade-caae,  they  must  be  put  out  of  di|^ 
with  all  despatch.  So,  going  to  a  bo- 
rass  not  remote,  Israel  sank  dum  dM 
down,  and  heaped  tofts  of  the  laBLiN 
upon  tbeuL  Then  retunuBs  to  thi 
Md  of  com,  sat  down  under  the  Iwtf 
a  rod[,  about  a  hundred  yvds  ta 
where  the  scarecrow  had  aioodi  fitt- 
ing which  way  he  now  had  beat  dMMi 
steps.    But  Ins  Ute  ramble  4 


so  long  a  deprivation  of  rest,aooa  IR^ 
duced  effects  not  so  easy  to  ba  ybano 
off;  as  when  reposing  upon  the  hi^fwck> 
He  felt  less  anxious  too,  since  duBglBg 
his  appareL  80  before  be  was  tw^ 
he  fell  into  deep  sleep. 

When  he  awoke,  the  eun  was  vdD  ip 
in  the  Bky.  Looking  around  be  flivt 
farm-laborer  with  a  pitch-fork  ootdsiA 
a  distance  into  view,  whose  steps  leeBea 
bent  in  a  direction  not  far  from  tbefok 
where  he  lay.  Immediately  it  itw 
onr  adventurer  that  this  man  nutbe 
familiar  with  the  scarecrow;  ptfiiif* 
had  himself  fashioned  it.     SbM  » 


miss  it  then,  he  mi^t  make  in 
search,  and  so  discover  the  thief  10  in- 

grudently  loitering  upon  the  vaijieM« 
is  operations. 

Waiting  until  the  man  monNDWf 
disappeared  in  a  little  hollow,  farari  na 
briskly  to  the  identical  nx>t  whan  ti|i 
scarecrow  had  stood;  Where,  itnw 
stiffly  erect,  palling  the  hat  well  over  wj 
&oe,  and  thrusting  out  his  aroL  ^e^ 
steadfastly  towards  the  Squired  abode, 
he  awaited  the  event.  Soon  the  w|^ 
reappeared  in  sight,  and  marchiBgnF^ 
on,  leased  not  fkr  from  Israel  andg*^ 
him  an  one  earnest  look,  as  if  it  v^?? 
daily  wont  to  aatiafy  that  all  was  nP^ 


1854.] 


Israel  Potter;  or^  Fifty  Tears  of  JExtle, 


375 


with  the  scarecrow.  No  sooner  was  the 
mail  deiMirted  to  a  reasonable  distance, 
tban,  quitting  his  post,  Israel  struck 
•cross  the  fields  towards  London.  But 
he  had  not  yet  quite  quitted  the  field, 
wheo  it  oocurrcd  to  hiiu  ti>  turn  round, 
and  see  if  the  man  was  completely  out 
of  sight ;  wlicn,  to  hi^s  consternation,  ho 
taw  the  man  returning  towards  him, 
evidently  by  his  pace  and  gesture  in  un- 
niixe<l  amazement.  The  man  must  have 
tnmed  round  to  look,  before  Israel  had 
done  so.  Fn>zen  to  the  ground,  Israel 
knew  ntit  wliat  to  do.  But,  next  mo- 
ment it  struck  him,  that  this  very  mo- 
tionlertsness  was  the  least  hazardous 
plan  in  such  a  strait.  Tli rusting  out  hb 
arm  again  towards  the  house,  once  more 
he  stooil  stotfk-still,  and  again  awaited 
the  event. 

It  so  happened  that  this  time  in  point- 
ing towards  the  house,  Israel  nnavoida- 
bly  pointed  towards  the  advancing  man. 
Hoping  that  the  strangeness  of  this 
coincidence  might,  by  operating  on  the 
man's  suinfr^tition,  incline  hiui  to  beat 
in  immediate  retreat,  Israel  kept  cool 
i«  ho  might.  But  the  man  proved  to 
be  of  a  braver  metal  than  anticipated. 
la  MS(«ing  the  si>ot  where  the  scarecrow 
hail  p^»od,  and  perceiving,  beyond  the 
poasibility  of  mistake,  tlint  by  t«oijio  un- 
aoeonntable  agency  it  had  suddenly  re- 
moved it>clf  t«>  a  diHtance  ;  instead  of 
being  terntie<I  at  this  verification  of  his 
wofht  apprehensions,  tlie  man  i)ushed  on 
for  Israel,  apparently  resolved  to  sift  Uiis 
mystery  to  tiie  bottom. 

Seein;r  him  now  detenninately  com- 
ing, with  pit<;hfork  valiantly  i»re»ented, 
IsnieK  as  a  htst  means  of  practising  on 
the  fe]lt>\v*s  tears  of  the  supernatural, 
raddeiily  douMed  up  both  tist^,  pre^nting 
Uiem  sjivagely  towards  him  at  a  distance 
of  ab>ut  twenty  paces;  at  the  Ratno 
time  showing  his  teeth  like  a  skuirs,  and 
demoniacally  rolling  his  eyes.  The  man 
paused  V>ewildered ;  looked  all  round 
him ;  looked  at  the  springing  grain ;  then 
ACHMS^  at  M>me  trees  ;  tiien  up  at  the 
iky ;  and  satisfied  at  la<«t  by  those  obser- 
vations that  the  world  at  large  had  not 
undergone  a  miracle  in  the  last  fifteen 
minntes,  re^dutely  resiiine<l  his  ailvance; 
tlie  pitchfork  like  a  boarding-pike  now 
aimed  full  at  the  breast  of  the  object. 
Seeing  all  his  stratagems  vain,  Israel 
BOW  tiirew  himself  into  the  original  atti- 
tude of  the  Hoarecrow,  and  once  a<;ain 
st*M)d  immovable.  Abating  his  pace  by 
degrees  almost  to  a  mere  creep,  the  man 
at  last  came  within  tijree  feet  of  liim, 


and  pausing,  gazed  amazed  into  Israel's 
eyes.  Witli  a  stern  and  terrible  expres- 
sion Israel  resolutely  returned  the  glance, 
but  otherwise  remained  like  a  statue; 
hoping  thus  to  stare  his  pursuer  out  of 
countenance.  At  la^^t  the  man  slowly 
presented  one  prong  of  his  fork  towards 
IsraePs  left  eye.  Nearer  aiifl  nearer  the 
sharp  i>oint  came ;  till  no  longer  capable 
of  enduring  such  a  test,  Israel  took  to 
his  heels  with  all  speed,  his  tattered 
coat-taib  streaming  behind  him.  With 
inveterate  purpose  the  man  pursued. 
Darting  blindly  on,  Israel  loai)ing  a  gate, 
suddenly  found  himself  in  a  field  where 
some  dozen  laborers  were  at  work ;  who 
recognizing  the  scarecrow — an  old  ao- 
(juaintance  of  theirs,  as  it  would  seem — 
lifted  all  their  hands  as  the  asumnding 
apparition  swept  by,  followed  by  the 
man  with  the  pitchfork.  Soon  all  join- 
ed in  the  chase;  but  Israel  prove<l  to 
have  better  wind  and  bottom  than  any. 
Outstripping  the  whole  pack,  he  finally 
shot  out  of  their  sight  in  an  extensive 

Eark,  heavily  timbered  in  one  quarter. 
[e  never  saw  more  of  these  yieoplo. 

Loitering  in^he  wood  till  nightfall,  ho 
then  stole  out  and  made  the  best  of  his 
way  towards  the  house  of  that  good- 
natnred  farmer  in  whose  corn-lot\  ho  had 
received  his  first  message  from  8(}uiro 
Woodcock.  Rousing  this  man  up  a  little 
before  midnight,  ho  informed  him  some- 
what of  his  recent  adventures  but  care- 
fully cf)ncealcd  his  having  been  employed 
as  a  secret  courier,  together  with  his 
escape  from  Sijuiro  Woo<lcoek\s.  All  he 
craved  at  present  was  a  meal.  The  meal 
being  over,  Nrael  otloro«l  to  buy  ln»m 
the  fanner  his  best  suit  of  clothes,  and 
displayed  the  money  on  the  spot. 

'*  Where  did  you  get  >•»  mnrh  money?" 
said  his  enU.'rtainer  in  a  tone  of  surpri**e; 
**your  clothes  here  (li»n't  h»ok  as  if  you 
had  seen  prosperous  times  sinee  y«Mi  left 
me.    Why,  you  look  like  a  scarecrow." 

'*Tliat  may  well  be/'  replied  Israel 
very  soberly.  '*  But  wiiat  <lo  y<»u  siiy  < 
will  you  sell  me  your  suit  ? — here's  the 
cash.'^' 

*'  I  don't  know  about  it,"  said  the  far- 
mer, in  doubt ;  '*  let  me  l«M)k  at  the  mo- 
ney, lla! — a  silk  pur-e  come  out  of  a 
beggar's  jiocketl — (iuit  the  house,  ras- 
cal, you've  turned  thief." 

Thinking  that  he  oonM  not  swear  to 
his  having  coiuo  by  his  nmney  with 
absolute  honesty — sin<'e  indeed  the  c:lso 
was  one  for  the  mof»t  subtle  casuist — 
Israel  knew  not  what  to  re|»ly.  This 
honest  confusion  confirmed  tUo  Ctjcvatt.t\ 


376 


Israel  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Tean  of  ExUe. 


[Oct 


who  with  many  abusive  epithets  drove 
him  into  the  road ;  telling  him  that  he 
might  thank  himself  that  he  did  not 
arrest  him  (m  the  spot. 

In  great  dolor  at  this  unhappy  repnlse, 
Israel  trudged  on  in  the  moonlight  some 
three  miles  to  the  house  of  another 
friend,  who  also  had  once  succored  him 
in  extremity.  This  man  proved  a  very 
sound  sleeper.  Instead  of  succeeding  in 
rousing  him  by  his  knocking,  Israel  but 
succeeded  in  rousing  his  wife,  a  person 
not  of  the  greatest  amiability.  Raising 
the  sash,  and  seeing  so  shocking  a  pau- 
per before  her,  tlie  woman  upbraided 
him  with  shameless  impropriety  in  ask- 
ing charity  at  de^d  of  night,  in  a  dress 
90  improi>er  too.  Lr>oking  down  at  his  de- 
plorable velveteens,  Israel  discovered  that 
his  extensive  travels  had  produced  a  great 
rent  in  one  loin  of  tlie  rotten  old  breeches, 
tlirough  which  a  whitish  fragment  pro- 
traded. 

Remedying  this  oversight  as  well  as  he 
might,  he  again  implored  the  woman  to 
wake  her  husband. 

**That  1  slmn't!"  said  the  woman 
morosely.  "  Quit  the  premises,  or  Til 
throw  sometliing  onj'c." 

With  that,  she  brought  some  earthen- 
ware to  the  window,  and  would  have 
fulfilled  her  threat,  had  not  Israel  pru- 
dently retreated  some  paces.  Uere  he 
entreated  the  woman  to  take  mercy  on 
his  plight,  and  since  she  would  not  waken 
her  husband,  at  least  throw  to  him 
(Israel)  her  husband's  breeches,  and  he 
would  leave  the  price  of  them,  with  his 
own  breeclios  to  boot,  on  the  sill  of  the 
door. 

"  You  behold  how  sadly  I  need  them," 
said  he ;  "  for  heaven's  sake  befriend 
me." 

"Quit  the  premises!"  reiterated  the 
woman. 

"  The  breeches,  the  breeches !  here  is  • 
the  money,"  cried  Israel,  half  furious 
with  anxiety. 

"  Saucy  cur,"  cried  the  woman,  some- 
how misunderstanding  him;  "do  you 
cunningly  taunt  me  with  wearing  the 
breeches?  begone!" 

Once  more,  poor  Israel  decamped,  and 
made  for  another  friend.  But  here  a 
monstrous  bnll-dog,  indignant  that  the 
peace  of  a  quiet  family  should  be  dis- 
turbed by  so  outrageous  a  tatterdema- 
lion, flew  at  IsraeVs  unfortunate  coat, 
whose  rotten  skirts  the  brute  tore  com- 
pletely off;  leaving  the  coat  razeed  to  a 
spencer,  which  barely  came  down  to  the 
wearer's  waist.     In  attempting  to  drive 


the  monster  away,  Israel's  hat  fell  oflE^ 
upon  which  the  dog  pounced  with  the 
utmost  fierceness,  and  thrusting  both 
paws  into  it,  rammed  out  the  crown,  and 
went  snuffling  the  wreck  before  him. 
Recovering  the  wretched  bat,  Israel 
again  beat  a  retreat,  his  wardrobe  sorely 
the  worse  for  his  visits.  Not  only  was 
his  coat  a  mere  rag,  but  his  breechesi 
clawed  by  the  dog,  were  slashed  into 
yawning  gaps,  while  his  yellow  h«r 
waved  over  the  top  of  the  crowntoae 
beaver,  like  a  lonely  tuft  of  heather  on 
the  Highlands. 

In  this  plight  the  momiog  discovered 
him  dubiously  skirmishing  on  the  ou^ 
skirts  of  a  village. 

"  Ah !  what  a  true  patriot  gets  fyp 
serving  his  country!"  murmured  IsraeL 
But  soon  thinking  a  little  better  of  hit 
case,  and  seeing  yet  another  house  which 
had  once  furnished  him  with  an  asylom, 
he  made  bold  to  advance  to  the  door. 
Luckily  he  this  time  met  the  man  him- 
self, just  emerging  from  bed.  At  first 
the  farmer  did  not  recognize  the  fugitive; 
but  upon  another  look,  seconded  by 
Israel's  plaintive  appeal,  beckoned  him 
into  the  barn,  where  directly  our  adven- 
turer told  him  all  he  thought  prudent  to 
disclose  of  his  story;  ending  by  onoe 
more  offering  to  negotiate  for  breeches 
and  coat.  Having  ere  this,  emptied  Kod 
thrown  away  the  purse  which  had  played 
him  so  scurvy  a  trick  with  the  first 
farmer ;  he  now  produced  three  crown- 
pieces. 

"  Three  crown-pieces  in  your  pocket, 
and  no  crown  to  your  hat  I"  said  the 
farmer. 

"  But  I  assure  you,  my  friend,  rqjoined 
Israel,"  that  a  finer  hat  was  never  worn, 
until  that  confounded  bull-dog  ruined 
it." 

"  True,"  said  the  farmer.  "  I  forgot 
that  part  of  your  story.  Well,  I  have  a 
tolerable  coat  and  breeches  which  I  will 
sell  you  for  your  money." 

In  ten  minutes  more,  Israd  was  equip- 
ped in  a  grey  coat  of  coarse  cloth,  not 
much  improved  by  wear,  and  breeches 
to  match.  For  half-a-crown  more,  he 
procured  a  highly  respectable-looking 
hat. 

"Now,  my  kind  friend,"  said  Israel, 
"  can  you  tell  me  where  Home  Tooke, 
and  John  Bridges  live  ?" 

Our  adventurer  thought  it  his  best 
plan  to  seek  out  one  or  other  of  those 
gentlemen,  both  to  nsport  prooeedii^s, 
and  learn  confirmatory  tidings  concern- 
ing Squire  Woodcock,  touching  whose 


Iwraii  Paiifr;  or^  f*\f^^  YtarM  of  Exik^ 


377 


Ikit   ti9   clifl    unt   liko    U)    ftiijuird    of 
••  ilnriM  Tooke  f     Whut  du  y*ju  want 

mmm't  bo?     lli*;  poor  S^^jra !     Who 
ViMtid  bare  titougtit  b(>'d  Iiuvl^  goat^  otf 


I  wtm  rifbti  Uiuu|;Tit  T»rjM»t  to  hiituielf, 
**Biii  where  do«>a  Uome  Tooko  Uvel'* 
bt  d«IAil4ed  i^n* 

**  Ha  once  ltv*ed  hi  Bretitforil^  and  wore 
m,  mmock  there,  But.  I  borir  h«3^i  lold 
gQt  lii«  livia^%  and  pxie  iu  bb  surpUco 
loetudy  bw  in  LuntJuu/' 

Tbdt  wiw  all  now:*  tt>  Utml^  who,  from 
aiakble  r«nmi  ks  his  hiid  hoard 
UoTDe  Ti>oki»  at  tbo  Sqiiir«X  jittl<» 
Bid  b«  w&f  an  oritjuQed  ckrgjmaa. 
T«t  a  iJiMid-iuitured  Eni^Ibh  £lerg;fiima 
transited  Lucyiii^  nrLiiUjer.,  eqaallx  good* 
MtMttv^.  wrntc  TrUtAri)  Shaadj;  aad  a 
t3iM«  <^'i  npi*r*}ciaior  of  gtx>d- 

QilSfiM  .  ^,   dif^d  a  deAn;   not  to 

ipMik  U  4/Ui<^;a.     'nil?-  -  aud  m> 

fvoQom  ar«$  tM>mi«  of  I :  !i  cS^rgi', 

••  Yofl  c%n*t  tdl  iJic,  Uk:ii»  where  to 
iad  Honia  Toi>lt*?r*  suld  UtwcX,  in  per- 


fiud  Uim,  I  eu)||H>9<%  IE  1.1m- 


*  WbAl  ftrwt  and  nuRiljerl" 
**IK>«i*t    know,     Nf^te  ID  i 


hajr* 


**  W!i*-f*"  -in^^  \\t  "Rrii]Lf.*4  li?e T* 


/tdge^i,  except 
MoUy  BHdgt» 


<lc|t4H«d ;  \m\Xf&T  olathid,  but 

mint  r<*  do  tieitl     Ho  reckoned  np 

hj»  m-'-  -mduded  Im  had  pWnty 

ta  cat:  k  to  I)(.»o^or  Fniukim  lu 

E^rU.  '       fjtking  a  pirn    to 

aroid  *  '  il lage",  he  di rt^c ted 

Im  fcU  ;  rjduii,,  wher«,  agam 

Ukii)^*  '  fur  [)ovi*r,  lie  ar* 

livft]  I  ..M.i  jjhnr**  1"-*  I's   Mme 

to  l«ii^  vufyc^mr                   l  ho 

rodo  br.  -^              n<vv^  h^  '    .  ..  .. .  rtiica 

tb4!r#  tliai  Wtw^ea  tlie 

two  tuitinn^  iy  ftUApeild^, 

Tb#  cbjiriirtcrmtic  tojeiturpiljitia  famiAl 
itolkUt}'  f'f  !i'^  fi'HrTW-trai'e!1^r5^ — 4II 
SttBlb  '  vtth 

MCn  *'•  pc»- 

iltlottf  ui  iatj— havm^  prcvcuLud  hb 
•OcifMir  htATiiifr  thti  tidiii^K. 

iMtiiiie^ 


tunllmprUou  !u 


from  bofiire  the  pre«^nt  real t ties  of  poor 
I  irael  Pott  en  Th  e  B  re  n  tford  ge  n  1 1  mumk 
had  diiuori^d  hhiJ  wit  I*  tbe  prospvct  of 
rooeiviflg  »omi>tbiQg  very  handsome  for 
hb  w&n\<sm  m  ootiricr.  That  ho^Nj  wm 
no  more.  Doctor  Fmnkli  n  bad  pro  r uised 
him  bi:j  good  ojHt»!i  in  procuring  bim  a 
pa^aagia  home  to  ATOCiica.  Quite  oat  of 
the  question  nnw«  Tbe  ao^o  bud  bk^* 
wise  iutitauted  Uiat  he  might  possibly 
iee  bim  iome  waj  remuncmted  for  hb 
suffering*  in  hi*  oountr)**  cauBe.  Aa 
idea  no  longer  to  be  harbored.  Th^u 
I«irael  recaUed  tlie  nnld  man  of  wisdom*a 
words — **At  Uie  prospect  of  pleosuro 
aevor  be  elated;  but  without  depfesiloii 
respect  the  omens  of  ill^^  But  he  found 
it  m  ditficult  now  to  comply,  in  all  re- 
spect^i  with  the  kstBectionof  tli«  muxiuLi 
m  biifore  he  had  with  the  first. 

WhHe  Btaudmg  wrapped  in  afflict! ye 
refieetionit  on  the  shore,  gazing  towardi 
die  unattainable  eoast  of  Franeei  a  plea^ 
aaat-lookiug  cousinly  stranger,  in  sea- 
maa''^  dre^,  acco^ited  him,  and,  after 
some  plija-iant  conTersation,  very  oirilly 
invited  him  tip  a  lane  into  a  booae  of 
rather  i^erct  entertainment.  Pleasod  to 
be  befriended  in  this  hi^  strait,  I&roel  yet 
looked  inquisitively  upon  tiie  man,  not 
completely  ^tisfied  with  \d»  good  inten^ 
tions.  But  the  otlier^  with  good-hu- 
mored violence,  hurried  hhn  up  tbe  lane 
into  ilie  inn,  wheu,  enlhug  for  Bom# 
spirits,  be  and  Israel  very  affectionatiily 
drank  to  each  other'-i  better  health  and 
prosperity. 

*^  Take  another  glaaa,^^  said  theHranger, 
affably, 

Isruel,  todrown  trb  beav^y-hear tedness, 
oom|ilied,  The  liquor  b^gan  to  take 
effect. 

^'  Ever  at  ^ea  T*  aaid  tbe  tttrauger, 
lightly. 

**  Oh,  veg  ;  been  a  wlialing*" 

"  AIj  I**  said  tbe  other,  *^  happy  to  hear 
that,  1  aiiBure  )'uu>  Jtml  BdlT^  And 
beekanini^  very  i|uietly  to  two  brawny 
fellowft,  in  a  tritye  bruel  ftumd  htmitoff 
kidnap[>e<!  int<i  the  naval  wirvi^ts  uf  the 
inagtiaMinioufl  oh)  gentJomau  of  Kew 
Gardfia^— lil§  Rm^uI  M^eatv, Qoom UL 

*'  llnnda  off  r'  said  TsraJ,  fiitmljr,  oa 
the  two  rn(?n  phiitm«d  him. 

'*  Kuglar  gfttJie-c^jek,'*iiaid  the  cotiallily- 
lookiiijjt  man,  **  I  mu^t  gta  thrii«  gulneoA 
for  cribbing  him.  Plcft^itit  v^jyago  to 
yc,  my  frienii,*'  aud^  K  ^  '       1  a  prl- 

noner,  tlie  crimo,  bu^  ooat, 

eatintiircd  h-ltiurdy  out  i»i  t  je  i:jn, 

*^  Tm  no  Knglirthman/'  roared  Urael, 


ivn- 
L>h^      ill  a  foam. 


078 


Popular  SupersUthn^  in  ^ncfhnd. 


[Oct 


"Oil!  thafs  tlie  oltl  atciry,''  grinned 
his  gaolers*  ''  Ocimc  along.  There's  no 
ETjglishmeu  in  the  Englbh  fleet.  All 
ftireignera.  You  may  take  their  own 
word  for  it/* 

Tt>  ho  sh(»rt,  in  le4  than  a  week  Israel 
found  himself  at  Porl^ mouth,  and,  ere 
long,  a  fore-topraan  in  his  majefty'^  bhf p 
of  the  line,  '*  U  a  principled/'  fiouddingbe- 
ftire  the  wtnd  down  ehannel,  in  company 
with  the  **  Undaonted,'*  and  the  '*  Un- 
co miueralde  f^  aH  thretj  haughty  Dons 
bound  to  the  East  Indian  wiit^ns  as  rein- 
forcements to  the  fleet  of  Sir  Edward 
Oughi. 


And  now,  we  might  shortly  have  to 
record  our  ndventurer's  part  in  tlie 
famoas  engagement  off  the  eon^t  of  Go- 
romandel,  between  Admiral  Snflrieii*s 
fleet  and  the  English  squadron,  wore  it 
not  that  fat©  pnatched  him  on  the  thresh- 
old of  events,  and,  turning  him  short 
round  whither  he  hnd  couw^  sent  him 
back  congenially  to  war  againi«t  England^ 
i  nijtead  of  on  h  e  r  bch  al  f,  T  h  us  r ej^atedly 
and  rapidly  were  the  fortunes  of  onr 
wanderer  planted^  torn  np,  trnns^iplant^ 
and  dropped  again,  hither  and  thither^ 
according  as  the  Supreme  Di.spo^er  of 
sailors  and  soldiers  saw  fit  to  appoint. 


POPULAR    SUPERSTITIONS    AND    BALLAD    LITERATURE 
OF    ENGLAND    IN    THE   MIDDLE    AGES. 


¥IIAT  are  the  true  objects  of  liistory  t 
During;  the  past  twenty  years  the 
work*?  tvf  Gid^ot  and  Thierry,  Niebuhr 
and  Bunsen,  Arnold  and  Carlyle,  have 
awakened  public  artention  t**  the  subject, 
and  all  the  thinking  world  now  joins  in 
the  hiciniry.  How  may  the  lessons  tliat 
history  profeaaes  to  teach  stand  ua  in  the 
stead  of  expenenoe  of  our  own  ? 

We  begin  to  perceive  that  a3l  hiatory 
does  not  consist  in  tlie  domestic  affairs 
of  monnrohs,  in  the  battles  they  have 
fongbt^  in  the  aJHanoes  that  they  coix- 
tracted^  in  the  meed  of  praise  or  censure 
that  they  won.  The  present  objet^t  of 
historicnl  inquiry  h  the  peoples  hiit&r^. 
We  desire  to  know  how  the  pohtical 
changes  carried  on  by  intriguing  court 
favorites,  or  kings  at  the  head  of  armies, 
aflect^d  their  condition;  we  would  Ikin 
troce  the  formation  of  national  character, 
the  gradual  rise  of  ?iOcial  institutions,  and 
the  growth  of  opinions  popular  in  onr 
own  day.  But  all  these  subjects  were 
of  little  interciit  in  the  eyes  of  contem- 
porary chroniclers,  or  of  subsequent  com* 
piler!&  of  history  in  the  last  century,  and 
when  we  attempt  to  supfdy  the  de- 
ficiency, we  discover,  to  onr  astonish- 
ment^ that  ahnost  t!io  only  eources 
whence  we  can  recover  what  is  lacking 
of  the  iptrit  of  history,  are  the  lesgeods 
of  t!ie  people,  and  their  laws. 

The  real  condition  of  a  popolatjon  is 
exit ihi ted  witliout  disguise  in  the  civil 
remedies  that  have  been  framed  to  meet 
it ;  a  fugitive  slave  law  proves  that  tlie 
popular  sentiment  in  favor  of  personal 
liberty  is  all -pervading  at  the  North; 


and  popular  ballads,  superstitions  and 
romances,  give  back  to  us  the  habits  of 
thought^  the  iotertists  and  the  feelings  of 
the  claas  from  wlience  they  sprung. 

The  glory  and  the  beauty  of  Angli> 
Saxon  liLyratnre  [massed  away  with  Alfred, 
in  whoru  **  the  scholar  and  the  man  out- 
shone the  king,"  Before  his  time,  the 
Anglo-Saxon  seema  to  have  been  more 
rich  in  literattire  than  any  langnag©  ' 
Europe,  Into  it  flowed,  a-^  iuto  an 
the  tribatary  legends  of  the  old 
aea-kings,  and  the  more  fanciful  legentls 
of  poetic  Britanny  which  held  Celtic 
snpersiitions  in  common  witli  the  rem- 
nants of  that  ancient  British  race,  the 
traces  of  whose  pagan  creed  ?till  linger 
among  the  peasantry  of  England  m  if 
indigemms  to  the  very  soiL 

The  hour  old  poetn  of  Beo wnlf  dates 
so  far  back  that  its  real  age  is  lost 
amongst  the  clouds  and  mists  of  tra- 
ditionary antiquity*  *^  It  is,**  ttays  Kr* 
Longfellow,  *'like  a  piece  ot  ancient 
armor,  ruiity  and  battered,  and  yet 
strong.  From  wiUiin  comes  a  voice,  sa- 
pulchrai  as  if  the  ancient  armor  spoke, 
telling  a  straight- for  ward  narrative,  with 
here  and  there  the  boastful  s^peech  of  a 
rough  old  Dane,  reminding  one  of  tlio9ft 
made  by  the  heroes  of  Homer." 

Ciedioon,  tlie  monk  of  Whitby^  dietl 
before  the  r^^ign  of  Alfred*  His?  pocra  {a 
paraphra-^e  of  Script  are  J  ox>eus  with  the 
thetiie  of  Paradise  Lo^t-  The  fallen 
angels  hold  council  in  '''swjirt  hell," 
w*here  Satan  harangue?  tlifim,  proposing 
to  liia  com  pa ni tins  In  misfdrtune  Uie  oon- 
quest  of  tlie  world.   And  the  dodcrlplion 


Ptipufar  Supirsiittoni  in  Mi^hmL 


8?9 


ifitl^m  of  L«i€ifor  hear  so  eloi^e  a 
riwiiiyinrf  to  tlic  ^nimlest  of  mil  {>otitlcaJ 

ajv  ia.it  ttrprf-'t'f]  to  k'ttrts  that  llio  first 

tm-  K  Croilmtm't  poom  was 

a^^,  .  lij  one  of  our  Mrliest 

Xuiiu  ^ctiularsi,  wlm  wmte  undyr 

Vuiittit»   iif  **Jaiiiiiai^*'   ttud    lived  ia 

[   litcrftltire  feetttR  to  hnv© 

Um  rutle  rule  uf  lliu  DainUh 

Cuiiute,  iiidwdt  K'fms*  to 

Ift    ,."v,.    ^illitiir   ti>  eitenil  j\  scanty 

WfBi  patrt>tlltg0  to  the  Yvr:i<t  of  his  cini- 

ifl«na  pcofklA,  but  the  drmikuii  Hajulds 

ia4  llArdicatiQte^  who   Htu'i-ectlocJ  fiim 

Ht  »  fiftUian  of  03£ce&fl  aod  ik^bauchery 

wbich  f«iu rid  it*  ivny  frvnn  the  famp  to 

jhy Quart,  juid  from  both  imi>  Hits  cloister, 

;  tbe  fouutaltidii'iKk  of  learutafri 

ricxs,  111  tiiiu^  of  turbuleDoe,  m 

sprung*   ^*  The  Auglo  Sstxomi^*' 

urn  of  MalinL^ibiiry,  a  iimn  not 

^jm  pr^udiocd   in  tiivor  of  l\m 

VM^  **had   long  before  tbo 

•*ift  Normam  given   up  all 

•tO'  rys    or    rdi^4ori7*      Aud 

^^^^....  *  '  f  that  porkfd   telb  u% 

^^^hf  »  <  I  wlio  Imd  lenrn^jd  hla 

^^^B  >  her  Norinnn  rnhn 

^^^■t  obtcd  for  a  frc^b  in- 

^^^^■pB  f>t  vitality  luto  her  Ut4.^raturc'. 
^^^Bn-indv  bad  h<irrowod  a  tanie  for  |io- 
^FV^  from    her    neigh iKir,    iha 

•Uu^icAl  '  !  iiti  tlunmhLHi  on  tho 

$*tA«4  U'  '  (olurs  who  bml  been 

bf«Ni  ,1  [tM»k  thi'ir  febare  in  tho 

<»ti  r  ertiditiua  which  i>acoocd* 

M  ti>t*  rt^viviiJ  of  ltttc*rs  on  the  conti- 
DMt^>«  nnival  which  wti^  coa-jeiiueat 
mftta  tho  a\iiii\\ng  of  tSie  tPcrLnnre^  tff  Am- 
* — I  QicniliU'Q^a.n  introilucfion  through 


fW  6i»aiiaiefitji^" 
aaTi 


rwnib 


>  dure  10  Uid  Kplnt  aIm 
lie!  J  «Hi  ilii»  con  Li  iK  f  1 1 

aa  w^ndvffnl  nmnuinca-,  l«.vc^  bec*n 


^rf-f..iT,.  and  Plata 
;  the  great 


■1)   Uj  bll   nil   tb« 


uti   Ik  5   rci^u; 

■,  .:   ■:,...,  ..f 

:  .  .      [n-Mijd 


left  to  113  of  the  activity  and  energy 
of  tho^e  timy^,  in  ibo  Gothic  structures 
— the  pride  of  the  Cbarcli  of  England — 
which  dali*  tbeir  er<;cLlon  almost  uni- 
versally frotn  the  days  of  the  Norman 
King- 
So  great  was  the  enLliOfiiaata  for  such 
pious  works^  dtiring  Uiat  period,  tbat 
almost  the  entire  popnlatlon  of  Biitanny 
becuniu  nmson*!,  liinding  themselvej^  by 
oath  to  bost^^w  their  time  and  skill  upon 
no  ediflf-e  that  wa^  not  destined  to  tho 
servuie  of  heaven^  they  sprejid  tfiein- 
selves  over  the  country  In  itinerant 
liftnds*  It  was  a  cniaade  of  the  lower 
oliSBes  agalost  religions  indiOerence  and 
barbariiml  It  h  not  pmbable,  how- 
ever, that  any  of  thia  enthnalnani  had  at 
that  time  found  its  way  int^  Uio  heart* 
and  homes  of  the  Saxon  popidation.  The 
five  hundred  and  fifty -so  von  oiitl^edruk 
and  religioQj*  houses,  which  owe  their 
origin  to  the  reigns  of  the  t*arly  Nor- 
mmt%  added  archlteclnraletnbt^lli^'hnient 
to  the  rural  bcAutiei  of  Enghind,  but 
were  ereetc*]  by  Norman  workmen,  and 
endowed  by  Norman  fundnr^  It  is  even 
lo  the  pious  liberality  of  the  invurlers,  in 
providing  such  a*ylnnig  for  learning 
throngbout  the  eonntry,  t!iat  Knglmid  la 
indebted  for  that  Inrge  body  of  ron- 
tenyporary  Id^tory,  compiled  by  Snxon 
eh roni cleric  in  the  eleventh  ani?  twelfth 
eeuturieftj  whosie  !*k>re^  of  interesting  in- 
fori  nation  are  destined,  during  the  pre- 
f^nt  period  of  historical  interesti  to 
becotne  more  generally  known. 

The  ftiiry  iiiytfitdugies  of  tlie  North  of 
Eurii[»e  claim  a  common  origin.  Am  ht 
a^4  we  ean  look  into  tlte  mii^tij  of  anti- 
quity, DJad  iraee  the  literary  or  religioUB 
history  of  the  Tt^otonio  mfctloa^,  wa  find 
an  unlvef«sal  belief  in  tlie  existence  of 
familiar  sntrit^,  kntiwn  atnnngit  the  poa- 
santry  of  ditlVrent  iKNintrifi^^  Tn.'  ihii 
names  of  nlekL^rs,  hrairilt«if  f 
lii^lij^oblinA,  and  elveta.  What  i  •.  ■  .  i 
I  of  thetNj  («n[^>er^titlon)i  may  Imvo 
.  it  \%  now  imposjiible  to  a^cort&in 
witli  certainty*  Wo  may  assign  it  to 
nomti  original  tradition  (broughlf  it  may 
be,  from  the  gtiten  of  ButH,-!)  of  day» 
when  the  ^"  niilUonj^  of  Kpiririnil  bciugn** 
who  **"  walk  Uio  ejirth'*  were  munife*tt  to 
h ntnan  mtnMtsa — when  !S*itan  t«n*pli*d  our 
firat  mollier  in  l*ar!idi**o— mid  Adnoi  wm 
jieniaift^jd  to  hold   [ionMrnd  lntt*reotir*i* 

Yikh    UtHl  ;    or    think    with    n    ^   "^i 

wrhi^r*  *m  the«e  *nbjecU,  tha^ 

r**Jier  and  form  of  the  unprciL.^ _...,.! 


380 


Popular  SuperHiihm  in  England, 


[OcL 


oreatlona  of  raan^g  imagitjfltioti  depend 
largely  opon  external  irnpreiSTons^  ^o 
that  whereas  tlie  ferodty  of  Scandinfl- 
vian  rtnd  Gothic  hemes  could  admit  iato 
their  nij'slic  cr^d  no  heings  but  eoch  as 
revelled  in  wounds,  drankennea^,  and 
blood— wfiilo  the  mountain  hunter,  fami- 
Uiir  with  danger,  and  with  nature  in  Iier 
grandest  and  most  awful  fortnj,  peopled 
the  supernatural  world  with  fierce  ma- 
lignant demons ;  *' jtjst  so,  the  solitarj 
rBermit  who,  in  the  ©arliar  ages  of  west- 
^  ern  Christianity,  fixed  hia  abode  in  the 
deierta  and  the  fens,  rude  inhospitable 
tracts,  coidd  con  eel  vo  them  to  lie  peo* 
pled  by  nnthiug  but  demons.  But  to 
th^  peaceful  peasant,  on  whom  nature 
ever  smiled  In  joyous  mood,  she  was 

I  peopled  by  gay  harmless  fiplrite  who, 
ike  himself,  loved  to  plaj  and  laugh* 
The  beings  he  feared  were  restricted  to 
mountains,  wbo^e  heads  rose  in  the  dim 
distance,  or  their  visits  ivere  confined  to 
the  diirkness  of  night.  Popular  super- 
stitions are  not  easily  removed ;  and  with 
the  introdaction  of  Ohristlanitj  the  An- 
glo-Saxons did  not  cease  to  believe  m  the 
exi.'irence  and  operations  of  the  elves  and 
the  nickers,  the  oro  and  tlie  giants;  nor  * 
did  tbej^  cea^e  to  trust  in  the  effect  of 
charms  and  incantations,  or  to  revere 
wells  and  fonn tains.  The  preachera  of 
the  fdth  of  the  Redeemer  saw  nothing 
in  (hat  faith  contrary  to  tlie  beliefs  that 
they  had  sucked  in  with  their  mother's 
milk ;  for,  though  it  asserted  tlie  unity 
of  God,  it  did  not  deny  tho  e:Eisteno0  of 
spirits.  The  belief  of  the  monks  them- 
selves in  those  sptrit*i  will  account  for  the 
silence  with  which  they  are  passed  over 
in  the  homilies  and  religious  discourses 
of  the  tiine*".  When  they  preached 
against  litathenlsm,  they  broke  out  into 
declamations  against  the  heathen  prac- 
tices of  the  Greeks  and  Romans." 

This  is  scarcely  wonderful,  conii^idering 
how  large  a  leaven  of  paganism  is  yet 
working  nn suspected  beneath  the  surface 
oftjashionable  Christianity  and  of  modern 
cnvihtatloc.  If  we  anheaitatingly  con- 
demn the  superstitions  of  the  vulgar,  who 
connect  all  that  their  ignorance  finds  in- 
comprehensible with  Aupernatural  agen- 
cies, we  grant  a  ready  lolei'ation  to  the 
paganism  of  the  educated^  w!io  have  im- 
bibed from  classical  sources  a  code  of 
moroUty  far  better  suited  to  the  votarica 
of  Mars  and  Venus  than  to  the  "  pure  In 
bean"  and  ^' poor  in  spirit"  commended 
in  tiie  Gospel;  and  our  notions  of  a  su* 
p^rlnteuding  Providence  arc  not  a  Uttte 
founded  on  Uie  character  and  attributes 


of  that  divinity  whose  favor  was  the  aim 
of  cabals  aiid  intriguer  on  Olyinptis,  but 
who,  having  onee  sworn  in  bis  wntth, 
never  swerved  fn.jm  its  decree?* 

During  the  later  period  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  dominion,  monkery  p^eetns  not  ti> 
have  been  considered  a  vocation  of  rr- 
ipsGt&biiity — that  is,  it  was  little  counie- 
nanced  by  the  higher  orders  of  society, 
who  sided  with  the  Crown  In  tbs  strug- 
gle between  the  secular  and  tb©  ivgukr 
clergy;  and  it  derived  its  main  strength, 
as  well  as  its  support,  from  tbe  ranks  of 
the  people.  It  was  not  then  as  it  wms 
under  tlie  feudal  system,  when  the  ** great 
republic,'''  tbe  Church,  opened  her  arms 
to  men  of  talent,  whose  condition  allow- 
ed no  hope  of  distinction  in  any  other 
career ;  whan  the  jiea^ant  mother,  who 
^w  in  her  best  beloved  scm  judication? 
of  energy  or  genius  which  fitted  htm  for 
something  better  than  the  condition  of 
his  kindred,  hastened  to  devote  bim  to 
the  service  of  tbe  sanctuary,  and  might 
live  to  see  bim  take  Ins  seat  in  St.  Peter'^ 
chair.  Still,  a  certain  distinction  was 
conferred  on  the  young  peasant,  by  the 
woollen  frock  and  coiri*  If  ambitious^ 
he  became  a  member  of  a  7>owerful  bmh 
alreafly  in  close  league  with  all-wsurptng 
Kame.  If  devout,  he  enjoyed  a  reputa- 
tion for  sanctity.  Retiring  into  lonely 
glens,  in  soHtnde  and  darkness;^  be  bad 
struggles  with  the  Evil  One;  and  dream- 
ing dreamt*^  and  seeing  vis  Ions,  he  soon 
became  an  object  of  veneration  t€  tbose 
who  had  been  formerly  his  eqnals  and 
friends;  or,  if  only  inclined  by  na- 
ture to  Belf*indulgenee  in  creature  com* 
forts,  the  wealth  artd  general  character 
of  the  large  fratemitiea  to  which  he 
bound  himN>lf,  seemed  to  promi:*e  bira 
every  opportunity  of  leading  a  mere  ani- 
mal existence  at  bis  ease.  Under  these 
circumstances,  the  monastic  orders  eould 
well  a3brd  to  make  light  of  the  little 
estimation  in  which  tbey  were  held  by 
court  circles,  or  amongst  the  military 
leaders  and  thanes,  the  St.^Gutblafift, 
St.  Botolfs,  and  Godrtcs  of  the  lenib^ 
eleventh^  and  twelfth  ceutnrie%  were 
mere  ignorant  f^cBsants,  who,  having 
been  imbued  in  infimcy  with  I  he  sup<?r* 
stitions  of  their  condition,  crtr^^'"^  ^' " 
same  belief  into  tbfirccll*.  TIj 
ed  tbe  popnlar  stories,  and  inn  . 
into  saints''  legends ;  and  a  more  eitcu- 
slve  knowdedge  of  ihe  A fkjjl ^-''^aH'a 
fairies  may,  perbnpt*,  "oni 

tbe  lejrends  of  the  A  lints 

than  all  otticr  iHioks  ciui  aif^j* d.  in  iliis] 
transformation,    tUe   elves,   whtiQ 


t8$4.] 


Popular  Stijxntitlimi  in  England , 


tsr 


I 


C? 


I 


I 


dIfttvcHHfy  fucKn^d,  bee&me  d^yth;  when 
biadloeiit,  apfeU 

Hie  IntaginadoEi  of  a  flevout  monk 
WtMnifbi  «x«it«d  bjr  hh  c«iilitig  and  by 
Idi  f^cWooo  is  a  herinit  i»  di>««rts  aud 
•cdsf  i^ft%  no  wonder  ihni  he  funciod 
Iibaa^r  peminfl]!/  eog«g«d  In  oont«at8 
wttli  tb«  dofO;  not  tlit  devil  of  th« 
Bible,  oor  anj  grand  poetbd  ooneepti^o^ 
kfOt  tttit  tff  tlui*&ii  groUsiqtia  hobgoblins 
witli  wlikh  bis  fMii^aii  tbr«£itbe»  bad 
iplod  lilt  MUs  mud  groTeo,  aod  whidi 
oiro  cr^  bid  AiilMeqtiently  tmm- 
OMifrtftfd  into  demotii.  The  familiar 
■MM  Old  Kiek,  pontilArly  applied  to 
tike  great  tmril  of  t?vll^  b  bcirrowod  from 
cIm  nwaboWy  of  jiAj^tisiu,  tho  nickers 
Ma|r  wat^r-t-iinea,  who  not  only  dwelt 
Ska  k«!fiic«  la  the  kke^  asid  Hirers,  but 
bad  tbdr  iiabi trntitiim  i n  i h «$  §ea.  No tb i ng 
can  bi»  Im9  attract! r^  than  tJie  po^mlur 
kfltida  of  moDkkb  vncouotcrti  with  thU 
Me?i|itio«i  of  dcviL  There  h  nothing 
fk«t  oomio«ii4i  it^lf  either  to  oar  funcy 
mr  oor  Mlngt  tn  the  Iden  of  Bu  Bun- 
«latt  ichnnf  tlio  no$o  of  nn  InqnUitive 
damcm  with  a  pair  of  r^jd-hot  pinoen; 
tmr  ladled  in  any  of  tb^  jH^riiilar  ftories 
ff  littlo  lila^k  efvea  bAtchod  out  of  an 
who  wimnt  thdr  time  in  alter- 
p«r9^Qllt]g  aad  ifdsting  the 
T^v.  Vm  Puckf  and  /&U^k  of 
,'  generally  haunted  the 
..>iintry,  whence  neither 
liar  exorcism  eonld  driiro 
..  wnTQ  inviMbk\  hot  usually 
L  tb«tr  axriral  by  throwing 
And  wood,  and  eren  pota 
The  J  a1^  appear  lo  bftva 
with  eotuiderable  fre^donii 
the  devils  with  whom 
were  altcrwanlj  hM  to  tmvo 
Ifitaff^ttrse.  la  an  'jhl  MS.  in 
VWrnia,  written  before  inch  fjAmiflnrity 
w^  the  world  of  npirits  was  cungldiansd 
10  daftarve  lh«  pain*  iif  bert"iy,  wo  find 
fMEluoet*  impcMcd  apon  tho>u  ^^  wlio  had 
dbniwa  Sitte  bown  aud  smuU  Eho<^a  into 
rtitlr  ^lan  and  bom^^  in  order  tliat  the 
lnil^Uliii  tnigbt  come  and  play  with 
IliaHi,  and  tnl^ht,  In  relurut  bring  them 
oiliar  p^:»p1e*ji  ^ood^.**  The  namo  c]&h» 
«if  itonaa  U  «tiU  fiopnlnr  in  BiitAnnj; 
Mfl  aa  we  look  over  any  reecird  of  tho 
atnadaM    prankn     of    tlie^e    **  lubber 

ftfliaV*  wo  ftf  • ^■♦■"f  '-  i^-' vr,!  tlicm 

aa  tkdtlit  il  to  <K>n* 

tll(£tll     i...  :  •  -n^    iS 

nttnd^, 
InatADtly  r 
liar   bow    a    master' Imuil    hm    evoked 
F  friNii  laatefhik  mu  vllis,  and  teklng 


on  the  fading  traditions  of  an  ignorant 
aDd  fi«?nii-{}Qg«n  noopjo,  has  embalmed 
them  to  bi»  Uie  glory  and  delight  of  oul* 
tivated  ag<^. 

Yen  mT1^  iliJil  nhrevd  i£ul  kn^rlab  tpViUt 
ChUmI  EobLn  QpodMlom^    Af*  Jim  not  ll« 
fliAt  f^tghl  tlH  BftldeBi  bf  Ihfi  vUUgvrjr ; 
Sktm  oillki  u,d  foiuftlLiiief  Ubour  la  the  quti^^ 
And  btioUen  maHa  tbe  bnfttbJea  hooacvtfe  chiim ; 
And  iDmelijsu  nuilifl  Ule  tK«F  to  bev  do  baxni ; 
MMu^a  Dtgtil-v»a{|ertr«»  U^sbtof  «t  tlwlr  hfeno  f 
TtioM  that  nebfobUii  nLl  ftto,  mtid  iirtel  Fuck, 
Vmi  do  tbelr  v«rk,  and  Ua«|'  tball  fa*w  food  loclc : 
AFf  fva  not  b«  f 

In  this  najsage  the  familiar  spirit  of 
our  forefatners  Btands  revealed.  In  this 
de^Hption,  and  tlie  reply  of  Puck  which 
follows  it^  wa  reoogmzo  act  for  act,  aad 
feature  %r  featnre,  the  very  being  whom 
but  juat  now  waq  ao  disgusting  and 
devoid  of  interest  in  the  monkish 
legends.  But  the  niagio  wand  of  the 
great  Prospero  baa  touched  bis  elfin 
racc^— tlie  htibgoblinjj  are  ideahied  into 
poetry  and  beauty— we  take  them  to 
onr  hearts^  and  are  hulf  diipo^  lo 
believe  in  tbetu  ourselves* 

How  strange  h  the  hist^^ry  of  tht 
Eogliab  family  of  fiiiries.  At  tirst  tboy 
were  the  deni^m  of  tlio  forestg  and  tbo 
fountains;  the  fauna,  the  nynipy,  aod 
dryads  of  a  grotesque  yet  cruel  ofoed, 
Thence  engrafted  upon  Ohnstianit}^  they 
ftbecame  the  miniaturing  spirita  of  the 
author  of  evib  The  only  poetical  notion 
which  we  find  in  ancient  ehronlcliis  oon> 
coming  them^  is  contained  in  tbe  worki 
of  Girddug,  Ho  says  (on  the  anthority 
of  one  of  their  own  number)  that  *' elves 
and  fidrles  were  a  portion  of  tht^  niigeln 
who  fell  with  LooUer  from  lleaven ;  but 
in^mnoh  aa  having  been  seduced  and 
deluded,  the;  were  not  «a  criininal  as 
their  fellows— their  aentenoe  bad  bean 
Um  severe:  tbej  wero  allowed  to  live 
on  the  eiirtli,  mme  of  tbcm  having  their 
peculiar  dwelljug-plaet'a  in  tho  air, 
others  in  tbe  w«t*?r»;  !«oine  again  in 
treefi  and  foimtjilroi,  and  many  in  the 
oaverus  of  lh<»  (!arth*"  Tho  cltin  infi»rmer 
§lm  conft^M»ed,  thst  **eia  Christianity 
spread,  they  had  inucli  le^i  liberty  than 
formerly/^  From  being  the  ^pirit^  of 
the  earth  and  air,  they  dcgotioratAid  icitu 
tbe  bngboars  of  aa  tgaorant  peaaantry, 
and  iti  more  modem  limes  have  plavi.^ 
a  niehtnrholy  pJirt  in  the  history  of  the 

ib'lu^Jnn^    rff    iKr     flllULilM.    mhld,       At  OUO 

'  onneeted  with 

,  ijloiopber  Into  a 

itingi^uini  nnd  led  the  •ebobLT  in  wildor 

vagiiflii  aflcr  tiit  eUzir  of  life  and  tb<^ 


3 


$m 


Fojmiar  Supersiithns  in  Englatii, 


pet^ 


philoiOpher^'s  stone,  than  ever  Eobin 
Goodfellow  Icil  the  benighted  traveller. 
At  a  still  later  period  of  European  hVstorj, 
when  edneatioa  Imd  been  mncb  raore 
widely  spread,  these  supersiitiond,  in  the 
great  crj  against  -vvitclicraft,  drencliod 
England  m  well  as  France  and  Germany  in 
bU>od.  When  we  see  that  at  that  puritMl 
tb©  learning  that  had  been  so  widely 
spread  aerved  only  to  defend  the  popular 
belief,  we  i^ball  easily  perceive  bow 
impossible  it  was  fur  the  primitive 
missionaries  to  eiadicate  it  from  tlie 
rainda  of  their  converts. 

We  have  dwelt  thus  long  npon  the 
legends  au<l  sufwrstitions  i\t  tli©  Anglo- 
Sikon  peasantry  because  they  indicale 
tI)C  state  of  feeling  prevalotil  throughout 
the  t-H>nncry  at  the  time  of  the^omnan 
invaj^iou,  'But  the  Conquest  brought  in 
nt>w  auiiao^itiea,  now  feelings,  now 
tlieines  of  popnhir  and  romautic  in- 
Unrest  to  engftg©  tli©  sympathies  of  the 
Vwo]do  and  to  supply'  new  subjects  to 
their  bardsi. 

We  ari0  indebted  to  French  historians 
for  the  eiirlleiit  philosophical  attemptiS  to 
iavesti^ite  the  eflfecfs  produced  by  that 
extruciritinury  revolution  which  made 
th«  i4»iand  of  Great  Britain  for  the 
iail  ^»  in  ol||«6t  of  intei^f  t^  the 
Enropenin  powers;  introduced  into  it  the 
fontiigu  tVudal  system  \  and  after  a  eouple 
of  turbulent  cettiurie^s  ended  by  the  al>-  t 
ii^ruliiui  of  the  iH^utjuerintf  race  in  the 
miiks  of  the  iH>nquered»  Whilst  the  snb- 
Jeet  olt^rs  to  the  Idstorlan  many  oppor^ 
tuttltk^  fW  iti¥««dti^ti<m  ftod  pbilosophi- 
^  d  '  .it  wls^  embf^MS  a  wide 

ti^Kl  >>Id  vhich  the  kborers 

haYV"  u>  \  c :  t^vBi  few* 

£^^i!i»  of  iki«  vtetlKns  of  poUlkil  op- 
ptfiM^uH'^^iisiNiA  wlm  WW9  ofilliwed  m 
tl»fcMorklb»foffi<»te    fBUBtoofthe 


thi 

-'WlMtt  thtr  tbe  nin  of  8lipli«i^ 
m\y  |H>ni$fot  ittteiteto  iiail  tMgoii  to 
yi  \Hir  k^  tW  f4s«  of  Ibt  luilni  Mtirei>iL 

lUi  lilif^iA  In  tli#  ioOt— t^  p«oolo 
HklOf^  lilt  frouttdwork  of  IImw  taJea 
|o   ^  fHmoMMO  wy^li  t^«if   iodal 

I  polriotie 

r  ItMids  was 

r  m  Bcrbin 

tlM^  WlwikCti  Klitck  Miiio^ty  to  the 

hJi»«%  llu»  fftiiwl  ifkYiooe  of  the 

HwIl  Um  |lw«  of  ]i«lf«d  agnimt 


iKwitA  twH^piMiarinii  of  laeh 
troiMAMe  Mfi  ittlta^  tecf  In 


heroie  cycles^  and  the  early  literature  ot 
Germany  Ijoa^ts  its  glorioa^   **Song  of 
the   Cloudy     Land"    (the    Kib4?lnugtvn 
Lied)    so    there  h    ^apposed    to    have 
existed  amongst  our  Anglo-Saxcm  fore- 
fathers a  grand  parallel  cycle  with  vi- 
kings for  its  heroes,  of  which  the  pf>cm 
of  Beownlf  formed  a  portion,  together 
with  muny  others,  of  whjoh  fragmcais 
ouly  are  now   preserved.    The  Normafl 
cycles  of  Armorjcan   origin  {L  c.    the 
Round  Table  Romances,  and  thoi^  of  the 
Palladins  of  Charlemagne)  are  instauct* 
of    this    species    of  0(>iiJpi.lation    in   i 
hitcr  century,   and   whibt   tiiese   wcrt 
popular  in  bower  and  hall  amon^'^t  llie 
higher  classes^  the    peasant   bard  $mg 
stories  of  the  green  wood,  and  told  o? 
knights  of  noble  blood,  who,  notwttli- 
stauding  their  Norman  origin,  lud  \mn 
reduced  by  oudawry  to  the  same  cnB(li> 
tion  as  the  peasntit,  and  like  him  had  be- 
come the  natural  enemy  of  the  ^heriff  jmil 
his  co-administrators  of  the  gauH^dsws, 

It  is  ctirious  that  the  fir^^t  elaharut* 
investigation  of  any  value  Into  tlie  Li^ 
tory  and  origin  of  the  Robin  Hood  bal- 
lads should  have  been  by  a  Mr,  Barij.  i 
gentJeman  of  Scottish  extracdou,  who 
wrot^  a  treatise  on  the  subject  in  iV^A, 
and  presented  it  as  a  thems  to  tbe  Ip 
verity  of  Paris  preparatory  to  taMag 
liis  degree. 

The  earliest  Robia  Hood  hoJIads  ihi 
have  been  committed  to  wrilingr  *&'! 
have  reached  our  times,  ^eem  referjibli' 
to  the  reigns  of  Edward  L  and  E^^ 
ward  ir.  The  name  of  Kobin  Hooii  dtKi 
not  occur  in  Ihese^  but  the  iueid<^(^ 
are  the  eame  as  those  which  are  ^K^pa- 
larly  rdated  of  him^  and  which  a  o^nUsj 
lat^  began  to  be  arranged  m  wtnd 
them  now, 

Wlien  printing  was  introduced,  tk  de- 
mand became  very  great  for  thi^  ilesctlp- 
tiou  of  peasant  literature,  Bnt  ilio 
ballad  writers  of  that  time  wcr*  JK>t 
endowed  with  very  inventive  miiidSiW^ 
it  was  therefore  much  easier  to  fhoMpi » 
little  the  circrnnstancea  and  per>^>ni  *^ 
the  older  itorie®,  and  to  publish  thtm  s* 
new,  than  to  write  originals.  Any  ew 
familiar  with  old  English  or  S<ittH*i 
ballads  must  hare   remarked   ho^v  fre- 

Suenlly  a  favorite  incident  does  ihitj  '^ 
Liis  description  of  literature ;  an<l  iD^"^, 
how  often  (as  in  the  *'  birk  and  briar' 
ending  of  all  border  love  UXcs)  hti  tnc*;^ 
over  and  over  again  with  evea  a  stereo- 
typed form  of  words. 

WliiUt  the  lower  elates  hiw!  thu*  tkir 
cycles  of  poetry  sung  at  ll»i;ir  May-il«? 


I8$4.] 


I*apular  3uperitiH(ms  in  England, 


S83 


Eifftla,  tli^ir  wakes,  and  fairs  (itll  po- 

rftasQjititei  of  tlto  f^o^ti  of  Pn^i- 

I  the  hlgh4?r  t»rtkT*  uiJ[ior!ed  «ut  *>n]y 

•  l«4ruiiig  l>at  tljeir  ruinaireNj^  ffain 

tho     cliantieL    The     Norm  an 

Dboten  of  ti»«  twelHli  eeotury  Imve 

Lin  f*o«niw,  \esA    rcmnrkablf^,  fairimfw, 
*    '     r  iiliomthati  ilirthii 
V  lioiiSt  tljeir^enulDO 

[  ir  fjiiuilkr allusions 

...ulh,  and  (Jjlrt^entH 
<et'i  Lipicatlit'd  to  H5  a  large 

'Wsij  -Ijiiiu    literature    iipjo 

•T«r>  ^vibje<Jt;  nud  whibi  the 

tloibU*:^  '  U>rr(>wiNi  lurgt^y  from 

tli«tr*<liiiiiuai>i  tho  UrcUmSf  ac(]  tlieir  po- 
pokr  f  ua»»  historic  It]  luyst,  nor  di^aitied 
loaii^f  i>r  M^rttii  or  King  Arthur  ia  the 
ftCDfti^akr  of  Vtrgil,  Uie  Diia.it rel^  who 
nlki'td  itie  mom^tony  of  feodal  atate  ia 
tlut  iMfoiiJi*  c^i^ties,  rob!>od  Uie  records 
uriiiljquity  fur  iIk^  tiUtory  of  the  hero«a 
wbOM  niljjhty  tlceds  tliey  mxiig,  The^e 
pOMtu  laon  becaijie  i^o  {K^pdar  that  tlioy 
jin  iMil  iaio  tiji'if  F^ervicd  th^  whole 
cMt  of  hiH^jry,  roiuutice,  or  clais^o 
Enmlurfi^  Tliey  had  too  littto  know- 
Mteo  of  tho  «pirit  of  tlm  poj^t  tu  ]i)iijtrPf.t 
dMnroWQ  |Kiweriof  di^acnptioii ;  ati^hn> 
nUm?  rrr  pf^igiJtrbitis  wefe  not  t^ins  Q|fua 
II  iidfM^eA,  and  no  dr«&d  of  ihe 

r.  er«r  hdd  iti  restmnl  upon 

tbi^ir  hjiouk.    Tht*y  saii^  of  hoiaan  ua- 
larv  according  lu  their  u»wu  e3£p{!ricnc4t 
1  tiad  iit>itcrapk  ia  ad nptiajif  medieval 
DDori   to   thvtr   Grook   and    Komaa 
Tb«  erudodiiig   advt*nturer   uf 
jet  eoti  a^nuukmir  in  their 
1^  -M  FffrretlTea  or  Aletunder.     Ar- 
Lioa  hen>,  Is  ailo|(te<l  a»  an 
Atid  lit  acc4jniti;cKlxLt43d  wtih 
Miry  fame  of    M^tao  {>eity 
j^af  of  HHti^h  origin,    fiSajl- 
I .«  arc  proridod  for  hia  deeds 
WalcA,  or  ScotlarjUn,  a  pcnli- 
'    riir  him,  and  a  data  is 
upfirary   with  the  land- 
rjno  in  England,     Over 
rnirmtrcil  tiirew  a  eoW- 
<!ity   611  ch    m   wan 
day«  Thu  kiiighU 
[ji^roip  romanoc!^  wero 
:u|iv!iof  the  twuUlli  and 
, .  .  r . .  K  -  r  i<w,    A  clown  may  play 
of  Pjniiniui,  or  wear  an  aiA  • 

Iviit   !iJf  liii'   tiifit*  th<A  ti]!ikri'(t  Irj'ij:(||l- 

It  ice 
.^         .  ,      ■    tuit- 
iofii  ihw  wi£STvr.^ 


d^b 


the  state  of  opiaion^^  and  the  atniial  ooa- 
dition  of  die  times  in  wliich  they  were 
corn  posed,  and  commeiided  ihtm^elvea 
to  the  iyropathiei  of  the  audieuoc*  h^- 
fore  which  they  w«re  laiended  to  be 
imig.  "  To  hate  one*s  neighborj  and  to 
love  one's  neighbor's  wifoj^^  was  a  creed 
tliat  found  liivor  in  conrt  circleii!,  in  the 
daya  of  lobelia  and  "'  the  gentle  Mortt- 
mer." 

An  interesting  class  of  literature,  more 
natloiud  and  inore  niaulyt  became  |.Hjpu- 
kr  in  England  early  in  tho  twelfth  cen- 
tury. The  romances,  whicli  had  for  tlioir 
heroes  tiie  old  Danish  sea-kiij|^  sucli  as 
llaveloc,  Horn,  Guy  of  Warwick,  Beris  of 
Uanipton,  icc^  were  imported  apparently 
from  Normandy,  where  the  defiioendanta 
of  the  followers  of  Hollo  long  preserve*! 
the  language  of  iJieir  forefat!iei*s,  and 
where  Danish  nroverba  and  customa  still 
liugtir  round  Bayetiit.  They  wurc  cal- 
cuJated,  however,  to  he  popular  amofigst 
all  classes  in  Englami,  hetn|,%  a*  Mr, 
Wright  con#ider&,  ^'only  a  rt'produolion 
of  I  he  oldi*r  mythiad  romanoci*  of  the 
Anglo-Sftion^;"  and  soniij  i>f  xh^tn  still 
lend  their  intorc«t  to  certain  tiptits  of  at- 
tractive Mcviiury,  or  are  the  dulight  of 
Erigli»li  t^hildrerj,  in  the  form  of  nur^>ry 
tldi*«. 

The  cnisaderii,  likewia«,  tnroed  the 
atreams  of  oriental  literature  into  a 
western  channel,  and  we  discover  nmny 
of  the  most  Waiitifal  of  Quoen  Schche- 
razodo^s  nurratlvt^  amongst  our  remains 
of  early  literature,  hy  no  iiK^anu  improviid 
by  thtir  adaplatiou  to  iiiudjeval  rnan- 
li^^ra,  or  their  Ani;lo*Norniati  costume. 

Thus  wc  find  the  haliad  hU'rature  of 
England,  from  whatever  fronrco  import- 
ed, ery^eniially  TenU*nic!^  with  a  thivor  of 
ciosdic  learning  and  of  oriontal  supersti- 
tion. 

The  Jongelenr  of  northern  Fr&neis, 
who  III  and  hin  way  into  tho  halfg  of  th*» 
Norman  nohiliry  of  EugJaud,  had  not 
nns«Idum  travoded  in  tlio  train  of  tho 
crusaders  into  cad  torn  ti4nd^  wli  cry  he 
not  only  ac/inire«l  new  talcs  uf  roraantic 
intord^t,  and  nww  ntoreit  \j{  /aMitiMi^  hut 
addinl  to  his  various  nccompli»lmienU 
featd  of  oriental  Ugrrd^ffuuH,  The  i*orijr§ 
he  i^ang  in  the  halls  of  tije  uob]i>s  were 
Beldoni  of  his  own  cointK»Hiu^%  nor  wera 
they  by  any  mcana  in  tJiu  lyrieid  strain. 
Thoy  were  almudt  always,  as  wo  hav«^ 
iM«n,  lung  chronicler  in  ihv 
tiier  (liktf  niodcru  suHiil 
letiks  reganl  to  gi^nvral  • 
toney  than  to  htriking 
oertniu  oonjpletbJUidM  in  i 


mi 


Popular  Supersiiiions  in  Sngland. 


[Oct 


lions  of  the  atoiy;  for  it  wm  fteldom 
that  the  Jongeleur  staid  long  enough  m 
the  aostle  of  tho  baron  to  give  more 
than  ft  few  chapters  of  hia  poem.  **  Tb© 
Troubadoars  of  the  South,  meaixwliile," 
iajs  Mr.  LongfeDow,  *'  poured  forth  tlielr 
songs  of  love  upon  a  balmier  air  and  ;q 
the  more  mobdious  notober^  of  the  Ljui- 
Ifue  d*Oc/*  Tbeir  poema  are  ahno^t  en- 
tirelj  lyrical. 

At  the  close  of  the  fonrteeuth  century, 
troublous  times  begaa  to  dawn  on  Eng- 
land, and  the  attention  of  the  nobility . 
wa3  absorbed  by  tliose  long  and  bloody 
wars  of  the  soccesaioii  known  to  na  aa  the 
Wars  of  the  Rosas ;  a  period  deeply  in- 
teresting to  the  Btatestnan  and  pliiloao- 
pher,  and  which  no  great  hiJ^torian  of 
any  nation  has  yet  been  fotmd  to  analyse 
with  cautions  discernment.  The  baronSj 
engaged  in  the  struggle  tor  existence,  had 
litrle  leisure  or  inclination  to  listen  to 
the  rbvmingtninstrela  once  welcomed  to 
their  lialls,  whilst  interest  in  the  reli- 
gious controversy,  awakened  by  the  Lol- 
mrdaj  began  to  engage  the  attention  of 
persons  of  botli  sexes,  not  aciiTrely  em- 
ployed  in  forwarding  the  war.  "  The 
Jougelenr  now  found  his  calling  dispa- 
raged and  himself  oppressed. 

I^o  more  on  prancltig  palfrejr  borae, 
Kt  dArTone4  Mghl  u  J  Ark  *t  enorti  ^ 

Blfb  pLft£^  in  baU,  &  welcome  pieit. 
He  t><?^u^^  to  lord  anit  kd;  guy 
The  uuprEm^d^Utcd  Iftj* 
******* 
A  wattJ^rlag  harper^  pcoroeil  aDd  poor,, 
Hd  tiered  hit  breiLd  from  door  to  door, 
And  txitted,  t4  pleas?  &  peaiJLDl^i  rar. 
The  harp  n  kln^  Jio^  tovcd  ta  beJkr< 

And  thns  it  occurred^  that  even  the 
courtly  tales  of  Arthur  and  of  Charle- 
magne contributed  their  quota  to  the 
joint-atocic  incidents  of  the  popular 
Irauiers  of  ballads,  Guy  of  Warwick 
and  Be^'i^,  the  Palladins  of  Turpi n,  and 
the  Knights  of  tlie  Round  Table,  took 
llicir  place  beside  more  humble  heroes, 
thuugU,  as  is  f!till  the  case  amongst  the 
savage  inhabitant-s  of  Trastevere*— the 
class^ical  ^nsirt&r  of  the  Eternal  City — 
the  lowest  in  rank  can  boast  the  oldest 
blood. 

A  tante  for  ballad  poetry  became  nni- 
Tersally  diffui^ed  in  EuglauiL  The  min- 
®ireh  accornitiodated  their  song>4  to  the 
syTi]patbics  of  the  i^eople^  and  \i  U  chief- 
ly t+i  the  fil\eenih  and  histeenth  coniu- 
Hes  lliat  the  bulliul  literature  of  England 
may  be  cimaidered  to  btilong,  Grave 
imereslA  mw  occupied  tJiu  rac»ioC  imA^ 


nobles;  the  people,  who  at  first  hftd 
blindly  followed  where  their  leaders  led, 
were  learning  by  experience  their  own 
political  value,  and  claimed  from  which* 
ever  party  they  agreed  to  serve  certain 
privileges  ad  their  reward.  The  oppres- 
sions of  the  feudal  sj^^tem  were,  indeed, 
less  heavy  than  in  preceding  centnriea ; 
but  "Jeshurun  had  waxed  fat,"  and  Uiey 
became  more  galling-  The  church,  too, 
was  no  longer  ihe  sanctuary  of  liberty 
and  the  refuge  of  the  wrunged;  other 
callings  were  now  open  to  an  ambiticing 
peasant,  by  the  institution  of  manufao- 
tnres  and  the  formation  of  the  ^"middling 
classes"— and  tlio  abuses  of  the  cloister 
were  spoken  of  aloud.  During  the  fonr- 
teenth  century,  a  sense  of  intolerable 
oppre*»siou  had  roused  the  lower  claases 
in  many  parts  of  Europe,  The  savag^o 
rising  of  the  Jacquerie,  and  the  mora 
civiliEcd  insurrection  of  great  towDs 
amongst  the  Fletningfl,  found  \tmt\%  sym* 
palhy  in  England.  John  Bull  imd  Wat 
Tyler  were  (like  the  white-eaps  on  tli© 
tronbled  ocean)  them  selves  a  part  of  the 
great  "  waste  of  waters,"  but  raised  into 
a  raonientary  conseijueuce  by  I  lie  &glta* 
tion  of  the  whole. 

When  Adam  delre^i  and  Eta  ipAO, 
Wbo  wu  thfin  tbe  feaUemiiD  f 

was  not  alone  the  crazy  doggerel  of  the 
Kentish  priest,  but  some  t^ns  of  thon- 
!*and^  of  peasantry  at  his  bock  wece 
fiercely  echoing  the  question. 

The  English  have  had  always  a  turn 
for  satlricjd  versifying,  and  we  6nd  poems 
of  this  nature  extending,  at  considerable 
intervals,  from  the  reign  of  Edward 
L  to  that  of  tlie  fourth  Henry,  whea, 
public  attention  having  been  called  to 
religions  abuses,  the  monks  and  clergy 
came  iu  for  an  abundant  share. 

A  larrge  number  of  political  songs  that 
cckbrato  tlie  Wars  of  the  Ruses  have 
descended  to  our  titne^  and  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  YIIl*  the  corruptions  of 
monkery  furnished  tlie  theme  for  many 
hundreds  of  verges,  of  which  the  sum- 
ming op  is  iu  the  works  of  Bkelttvn,  the 
scurrilous  and  Uceutiou^  incarnation  of 
the  i«ipint  of  the  tinu>:^.  Bu[»  in  general, 
no  brunch  of  polite  literature*  has  antfered 
more  than  such  compositions  from  tho 
Lethean  waters  wlt!i  which  ^)ld  Time  id 
ever  besprinkling  the  du»t  of  ag9Si» 
Poems  of  this  dei^criptton  are  cpljememl 
in  their  nature;  they  are  like  all  ktudd 
of  efiervesciug  Ihjuftls,  goud  *»uly  wh-*** 
^^t  o^^^^4,    ll\3idvbtQa   itself   is  li 


18^4.] 


Ptpuiof  Su^r$titim9  in  England, 


ZU 


^ 


i  V    when    tho    einteiiicnt 

,        ,  et!  it  bai  f>n^,$«ii  oven    A 

the*n"y,,   how<.nisr,  hm  of  loto 

been  brojichcil  bj  Mr.  Joliii  Bel* 

en  Kt?r,  which  hxiL^  nt  first  sighr, 

likis  a  boriii  t^i  this  e(jniinoii-?€n9o 

[i<ir,  bat^  At  Mr,  Ki?r*ii  bi»f»k  (published 

188S)  hju  long  sitico  ruachc^l  a  second 

h*in(J«  of  fjigbly  respcct- 

.  and  lias  been  reviewed 

I  Rigianu  :l>  ft  ^eriuQs  ossay  Oil  &eenoiis 

we  suppose  w©  mnst  coniJidor  it 

JO€tXi  m  gfOL^d  faith.    lib  theory^  if 

J  would  (lilt  (IS  in  po^session  of  a 

Qsntbor  of  lampoon^  not  indewJ, 

I  to  tb6  poricMl  of  wbicb  wo  are 

;illgf  b  u  1 001  ti  ing  imder  tbe  head 

f  Dckttito«l  ion^ 

Aooording  t*>  tbb  theory,  in  daji  of 

n^  wbtFD  Oliarktiuigiie  was  per»«eatiDg 

I  Dazona,  and  oppre*5irjg  the  peasantry 

/aftif^ign  and  ont^nun  ohuroh  sway, 

ria^lii^  with  It  ji  mimMtry  of  pri^ta  to 

'  '    '  *     lUribured  fi*and 

.n  *onght   re* 

nip-    r>v   i:hiij*.«]MIIi;lj    tuiuF   tOflUetitOrs. 

W  a  time  tlio  other  purfy  pnid  do  at- 
f^.,»;  ...    .  .   pt,  ,...      ytih^  of  n  mob,  till  at 

->  violent  and  so  ntt* 
■  ir  riftrihiiiiv*©  ttiea* 
"W  Mr.  Kur  to  give 
nu Ti  theory  an  \'o\* 
ingenlon^t  and 
s  of  ibt*  friarB» 
fuustaiit  oomiption 
Ich  they  wore  etjTu- 
wttji  mkcii  iidvixntagiG  of,  ftn<l  the 
lv€M;tivo  of  I  fie  laTopxm  was  pp-adually 
^iiadfinntnetl  by  ibe  intrcMluatlon  of  a 
harmlcwi,  titirneaninja;  medley,  of  a  pre- 
cisely ititiiUr  sMUtjd  and  metre,  iti  the 
lat4ii«t  foniH  of  the  idtored  dialeat,  till  m 
time  ita  original  import  wa^  forirott^a, 
1  ita  vanom  and  familiar  nm  replaced 


bwa:— **Ther. 
wurthf  of  tlH 
An  uninarii 
of  iiw  djul 


Illam;: 


9iihm  b<s>t 
4rmak  fit  in 

Wxaarohr 
ut  i 
«b«rch 


iiigine  th^  atnouut  of 
j^m  wbSoh  I  ha  oars 
Knglii(}i  c«n«efvaUvv*  bavo 
thflr  rhildhood;  how  em* 
L*  cnjwtfd  over  pro- 
ton of  churcli  rat«a 
^u^blUhmotiU ;  and  Infant 
f^ata,  allarward*  to  bo  rai*^d  in  defifneo 
al  tW  roli4  ,  \  i>r  Old  Sjirutrif  bat^ 

hi  '  imljer*  the  ftrst  ro- 

'  cr  '  ^  ai  an  atnnaiiig 

3d  old  ditiy  of 


dtta 


war  fcTieEMiry  trucne  datr; 
Op  Itoxn,  ftandaftii  nlQjrii 
Kiiiil  iJii  muljtJ  lit  i<!]irm  l^nr. 

D*Mi!i  imvdii'  *«l  •!«  Mil  Plir-bvtn  I 
Ufa  tutik  li«liii  fef  dk  ten  liff|(lie, 

Kod  Ker  f^Tv  b«is  dofl  ««a  lii^fni. 

Heftt  Ifaalr  tntdetit  d,ikriiM  I 

fbfl  cooDmltbeet  vtiat  «xei  I 

Fromiu  chQrch*rkld«n  tlrri 

There  tbtrj  iit«  fn  Ihe  U|Krocns, 

Kor  onrd  think  af  oamiNiiitoa  ; 
We  miLit  pnEQine)  their  fioildlet 

IT  thcjr  frtud  in  tbi*  fftthioa. 
Let  Di  iUtfi  llieir  [anf  ipetdUet, 

Their  Htf  h  Tmimtliic  word* ; 
And,  when  th«j  are  gxjn?^  to  |Wt, 

We  ihftU  htl  hr«  Uk»  Icirdj, 

We  bavo  ielected  by  for  tho  most 
atriking  Bpadmeo  of  this  poetry  in  illus- 
tration of  Mr.  Ker's  extraonhnary  theory, 
and,  although  wo  cannot  believe  in  hli 
strange  notion  of  systematic  corruption 
in  tbi*i  branoh  of  Sa^on  Jiteratara,  we  ore 
per^tiaded  to  think  it  not  impossible  tbat 
oar  naraery  IjtIcs  may  be  of  very  undent 
oriAJD — may  bat  e  originally  been  Saioo — 
and,  pasnag  down  to  as  irom  month  Id 
moutn,  may  have  gradnalty  transformed 
themselves  (witboni  aaaistance  from  th^ 
monks)  into  tho  unintelligible  Englifili 
wh{{ib  b&4  lulled  to  slot'p  f^eneratlon  aftor 
generation  of  onr  fort^failiorfi^  and  which 
is  now  to  be  beard,  not  in  Brif4iia  only, 
or  on  onr  eastern  ooast,  btit  in  Orogoti^ 
Ausirali  a,  a  n  d  i  Q  * '  farthest  Ind, "  wherever 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race  has  spread. 

Uny  onr  children  eon  tin  aa  to  be  niif - 
tnred  with  mere  nonsense  in  the  cradle  I 
There  baa  been  of  late  years  a  aonspinicy 
to  inpersede  the  fairy  ialo«  and  Motbor 
Ooose,  but  we  inipfnro  ttotli  the  poet 
and  the  ai^yyiau  to  lay  no  aaarllegioDa 
hand  nmu  tb#  lltaratiura  of  bog  pattl- 
ooata.  lCbth«7«  And  nnnea  take  the  side 
of  law  and  order,  ehnreb  aTid  kini;.  by 
nature;  alarm  them  noLOantiipiaryf  by 
translating  into  revolationary  vaftaa 
their  favorite  baby^Aongs*  The  ago  bit 
gri>wn  too  ioepticitl,  boi'ati^*,  af*CH»rtliaf 
to  our  own  n«w  tlHv*ry,  wo  must  under* 


stand  nil  * 
terv  nt 

111' 

th. 

r.    Letniya- 
0  eradlft,  by 
iio  of  hntiuui 
or — who  hat 

-.Ui  David,  tbai 

ail 

d^i:..    : 

ofaU. 

d  arc^  *'*  too  woa- 

dWI 


Popular  Super9itti(mi  in  Euffhmd, 


From  the  period  of  the  Reformation^ 
when  the  fiiighdh  langnage  became 
settled,  with  iJni  ATiglo-Saxon  of  the 
vulgnr  ft)r  its  groundwork,  and  with 
vahiahl©  addithin^  from  the  Norman 
tongtje,  it  becomes  no  longer  difficult  to 
irm^  the  current  of  popular  opinion ;  iior 
are  we  forced  to  eearch  out  in  black 
Iftter  Tolumc^  ilie  scanty  i^lics  of  [xipa- 
liir  song^. 

Tlicre  are  few  tbinga  which  more  dis- 
tl nelly  mark  the  csnunienceraeot  of  the 
penod  of  modern  history,  than  tlie  sot- 
tl<*mc'ut  of  lan^uagei  aUhoiigh  we  may^ 
perhajjs,  refer  lhi»  mainly  to  that  great 
Invention  which  commuuicated  a  i^innd- 
tatieous  impulse  to  all  ela:^se3^wbjeh 
gave  to  the  higher  rauka  their  Shake- 
speare and  the  da.^^ics— to  the  pca-tautry 
their  broadside  balbids, — ^imd  to  both  the 
revelation  of  the  Ahnigbtj  in  tlie  eoin- 
niott  tongue.  We  know,  however,  very 
litrle  of  the  state  of  feeling  among  the 
lower  cla'^sies  during  iJie  golden  age  of 
English  literature*  The  attention  of  the 
student  of  history  is  absorbed  by  eertaiti 
**  bright  particukr  stara/*  whioti^  by 
their  very  brilliariey,  obscure  the  "  les&er 
llghta"  around  theta.  We  know  that 
the  rule  of  Queen  Eliznbeth  bore  bari^hly 
on  her  nobles  and  the  squirearchy,  whom 
it  wa3  ever  the  pcfliey  of  the  Tudor  race 
to  bring  into  abject  subraisaion,  but  her 
meinory  H  still  cherished  among  the 
people  of  England;  even  Oromwell,  in 
hk  speeches,  refers  affectionately  to  her 
'^^  glorious  diiya;"  and  it  was  not  until 
the  rtign  of  her  tsuccessor,  when  the  dig- 
nity of  the  crown  was  lowered,  while 
the  kingly  prerogative  was  strained — 
when  the  Protestiint  cause  wo^  abaudoo* 
ed  on  the  continent,  and  the  Scots,  exas- 
perated by  changes  in  church -dkcipHne, 
made  leti^ie  wtth  the  PuritaJJS  of  the 
Korth,  that  we  Und  the  i:obles^T  ^**^  the 
tlrst  time  mnee  the  Conquest^  ui^ain  iu 
league  w*itli  royalty,  and  the  peojile  of 
Eogland  in  opi>ositlon  to  their  king. 

What  caTjses  were  at  work  beneath 
the  surtivce  of  society  to  produce  tlxeso 
polHiral  changes,  w^hioh  break  suddenly 
upon  the  render  of  history,  and  which  a 
knowledge  of  the  condition  of  the  lower 
orders  of  siKslety  during  the  reigns  of  the 
Tudors  wuuld  best  explain  ? 

The  poliiiciil  poetry  of  England  during 
the  reigns  of  Eli?^tlK;th  and  Mary  is  ex- 
tremely scaniy.  The  great  bardi?,  whose 
wrilioKS  we  so  proudly  inherit,  wrote 
only  for  the  educated  elitsses,  and  on 
subjects  Ti**t  likely  to  interest  '^the  mil- 
JJod/^    In  the  time  of  James  L,  we  find 


a  considerable  cliange,  not  only  in  the 
dialect  of  political  isoetry,  but  in  its 
character,  its  adajitntion,  and  it^  themes. 
About  this  time  the  manners  of  s<iciety 
in  England  appear  to  have  experienced 
a  very  perceptible  change,  and  the  reign 
of  James  I,  la  perh&i>s  the  tltfi©  at 
which  we  may  date  the  decline  of  the 
**old  Erigliab  hospiiality*''  A  change 
frequently  alluded  to,  estpeclally  in  the 
well  known  song  *^  The  Fine  Old  Etigliish 
Gentleman,"  and  \\%  counterpart,  which, 
in  nearly  the  same  language  thai  we 
have  them  now,  were  written  in  King 
James*  reign,  to  describe  the  change  of 
manners  so  distasttA\il  to  tJie  pubtlef  and 
to  compare  'Hhe  queen's  old  eonrtiera''* 
with  those  of  the  Scottish  king. 

Whoever  has  read  Mr,  iUcanlay's 
sx>irited  ballad  npcm  *Hhe  entry  of  um 
Oavaiiers  into  Loudon,*'  has  caught  the 
very  echo  of  the  verses  of  the  Long 
PaHiaraeot  times.  The  language,  style 
and  sentimenrs  are  precijjely  iiiose  of  the 
ballads  embalmed  in  ihe  thm^  a<iuare  and 
long-forg4*tten  volumes  with  which  the 
press  of  England  (as  much  of  it  aa  was  in 
the  hands  of  the  king's  party)i  during 
this  ](eri od  of  English  history  teemed. 
The  Cavalier  poets  even  vouclisufed  an 
ironical  assistance  to  the  lioundheads. 
The  following  stanzas  (though  very 
unlike  his  usual  manner)  are  by  the 
mystical,  (juaint,  emblem-loving  Francis 
Qnarlea  i— 


Know  then,  my  brcUirezij  HemTeo  li 

And  aU  Ihd  elouda  nfc  foae, 
Ttie  rif bleoiu  oow  ih&U  AoarislH  %tA 

0(mm1  di ji  ve  eomliif  on : 
03m«  Uietii  mj  brethren,  «id  Ik  fflad. 

And  eke  f  ejoice  with  me  ; 
Lavn  ileeves  utd  mchott  atiftU  fo  dAwn, 

And  htf J  I  Uien  up  fo  if e  t 

We*U  break  Uie  wbidom  which  Ihf  WtiOr^! 

or  Babjluii  Iins  pulttted; 
Ajid  wben  tbe  Ffipt«h  sfttDta  lire  dflirfi| 

Th^n  B^tTOT  ibNll  be  s&tDted  ; 
11»r«'i  o either  orosi  nor  crucUix 

BbAU  ttand  for  men  to  see ! 
EomeV  iruh  atid  tJ-unipisrie*  iliaU  gQ  dnwn^  1 

And  laxj  I  Uioo  up  go  w<>  I 

We  cannot  conclude  thia  brief  review 
of  the  popular  supei>:titions  of  the  middle 
ages,  without  remarking  the  eftect  th^y 
have  produced  upon  the  cnrrcnt  opinions 
of  more  recent  limes,  especially  that 
belief  in  fairies  and  finniliur  npirit^, 
which j  as  we  have  seen,  dates  from  the 
days  of  the  Druiib^  and  ha  far  hark  as  we 
can  tnice  tbe  history  of  any  portion  of 
the  Celtic  race.  These  popular  deluBiona 


1854,] 


W«iii4i,   Wakhing. 


\mmn  directed  tii#  ms^Sml  enquiriet  of 

|tci«fi<?e;  im^  while  we  luotirn  over  the 

[talent    ftbused^    ib^^    time    And    money 

I  *a-ti'J  m  feufcMnga  after  tin*  pliiloso- 

r  1  e^  or  lb  0  (sli  xi  r  of  iTii  mor tali  ty , 

^  not  forg*?l  ibiit  tlies^  pursuits 

^^Tv  |Mtv  iiig  the  p^tlis  of  modern  science 

Crom   tirp  Aristotelian  system  of  mere 

f«rb  u^  to  tliAt  ofexperimeutal 

bv^  lul  di^Ciivefy, 

Thi-  ii> truly ^^er  of  tho  Hftecnth,  bIx- 

Uentti,  and  (M.n^ent4««)ntli  c^^niurkH   wr^s 

•iTp|i-)u'»e<l  t<>  ImiUI  t."H>miiiiirik'4itl<>*j»  wjtli 

J  the  *ij>i ritual  world,  .aotl   indce<l  aII  »ci- 

|-*ite«  wji«  ri*g£Lrdi>d  by  tlio  vulgar  tts  nn- 

yd^r  ibe  e^[HH:iul   |>iiLroim(K>  uf  the  Evil 

^Qii«u    The  ffiirici*  were  i3 way ls^  belie vo<i 

to  Ix?  dw Cillers  in  deii^  and  kk&s  and 

I  tre««^  mnd  tbe  astrolojjfer  eorytired  tbeta 

'Dto  bb  fflajw  or  cry»tid,  to  direct  bim 

Jto  th©  himlcn  tren-^ures  which  they  only 

Incw.      Til©   witoh   diflVrt'd    from    tbe 

fciiigfer,  ItiA^iiUioh  &A  bur  jKJWer  over 

ka  believed  l^i  be  tbo  result 

Dpsflt  witli  tbe  Spirit  of  DdrknesiM, 

toby  be  bound  hnnBelf  to  serre  bt»r 

k  time,  on  coEiditloQ  tb&t  he  should 

'  \  b«  ber  m^ter  for  ever*    Tho 

eliM  were  among  the  peasantry  v>i\mi 

p^.f,.L.-..,f^  ,V'-re  in  rather  more  refiued 

ir  tDt^jrconr^e   witb   tbe 

ty,  religious  feeling,  and 

I  1  ition,  agreed  during  tbe 

it'  tbe  fleventeentb  cetitnry 

hpon    a    single    subject    oqIj.      King 

^ftiiile  gai'G    bia    loving   liegee   a   trea- 

apon    vritcbcraft;    tbe    Furitana 

i  TiTfei  fi^m  tbe  Old  Teatament 

sgidnst    the    magieiana    and 

i  of  tlie  Euit)  to  tlie  miserable 

t  wbem  clriJumatauc^s  or  locnl 

bivefted  witb  Ibe  character 

^  wltehes;  np  to  tbnt  |>eriij4l  all  fl<nen* 

'  I  diaeOTeneei  bad  been  coimected  with 


•itrologsr ;    ftrofoasors    of    pblloiophy 
were  learned  in  the  Oabaln,  and  soeicttc^ 

for  the  advancement  of  lua^ic  tmd  of 
alcheiQj  were  not  uncouinmuly  formed. 
If  we  einmine  tbe  report:*  of  tlie  trials 
for  witchcraft  which  the  Cftmdon  Soelely 
has  reprinted  wilbm  tbe  last  few  years, 
we  shall  find  that  the  greater  part  of  ttio 
ateries  alleged  in  evidence  were  mere 
misohtevous  freaks,  m  which  we  Inln)l^* 
dtately  reoognize  the  mad  pranks  of 
Hohio  Good  fellow.  If  we  are  not  mis- 
taken, one  of  tbe  last  executliiiisi  for 
witcberatt,  wbicb  tgok  place  in  Norfolk, 
so  late  ai  the  eigiiteentb  cenmry,  was 
preceded  by  a  trial  bu^d  almost  entirely 
upon  a  charge  of  suddenly  startting 
teams  of  horses,  and  overturning  bar- 
vest  oarta  witboQt  apparent  caci^e«  an 
amasenjent  in  which  Puck  and  bis  ftdlow 
elves  of  happier  memory  were  w<jnt  very 
largely  to  indulge.  Unless  icideed  we 
are  willing  to  admit  that  the  f^trdltar 
spirits  of  a  pagan  age  becanre  the  gro- 
tesfjue  and  pii[inlar  demoiis  of  our  own, 
it  would  be  ditlii.ndt  to  nccouQt  for  the 
esttraordlnary  and  incoosi^teDt  attributes 
which  the  great  author  of  evil  has  as- 
sumed, Wheuoe  has  he  borrowed  tbe 
cloven  foot  he  weap*  \  Certainly  not  on 
tlie  authority  of  Scripture ;  but  the  fa* 
miliar  spirits  which  haunted  the  houses 
of  our  forefatliers,  and  pr<»ided  over 
fJieiJ'  household  arraDgemeuts  when  tbey 
lived  in  oavee  and  deni^  are  always  thns 
deteHbed.  One  of  the  earMest  wood* 
euta  that  haa  oome  down  to  ns  is  ap- 
pended to  a  ballad  of  Robin  Goodfellow, 
and  represents  bim  witli  horns,  hoc^fs, 
and  %m\^  deformed  and  hairy,  dancing  in 
tbe  midst  of  a  ring  of  snbjeot  elvee,  such 
as  the  astrologers  afterwards  diviikd 
into  legions,  tribes,  and  bands  of  devil». 


NBIiLIE,   WATGEIN0. 

YOU  might  tee  tbe  river  shore 
ftmu  tbe  ehad f  cottage  do^ 
When  she  tat,  a  maiden  mUd— 
Not  a  woman,  not  s  child ; 
But  tbe  graee  which  heaven  oonfati 
On  the  two,  f  trow  wae  hers: 
Dimplsd  dteek«  and  laughing  eyea^ 
Blutt  iM  binest  aumni^r  skios, 
And  the  taawy  fall  sntl  ride 
Of  ahtvto^T).  HttffTi'd.  I  w.-vt* 
Bynon.  ^vcet 

As  tbt'  i 
Which  the  morLikitf  mo^^F  vbkhx 


miUe,  Watching, 

Locks  so  long  and  brown  (half  dowji 
Frnin  the  modest  wild-flower  crowa 
That  she  innde  an  Uimr  ago, 
Saving,  *'I  wiW  wear  it,  though 
None  will  praise  it,  that  1  know  ■") 
Twined  the  round  her  fingers  wMte — 
Situng  carotess  in  the  light, 
fi weedy  niixeU  of  day  aod  night — 
TwiDed  she,  peeping  aly  the  wliile 
Down  the  valley,  like  an  aisle, 
Sloping  lo  tlm  river-side. 
Bine  eyes  I  wherefore  ope  so  widet 
They  are  fishers  on  ihe  shore 
That  yon  look  on^Doihing  inora^ 

Pettiehly  flhe  poutSp  Abmel 

Sancy  Nellie,  yoa  will  see 

Ere  an  hour  has  fled  away, 

little  recks  it  what  yon  &ay — 

That  tlio^  eyes  with  anger  frowning 

Darkly,  will  be  near  to  drowning, 

And  the  iipa  repeating  so 

Oft  and  proudly  "Let  hina  gol" 

"VVilJ  be  sjgliing. 

Ah,  I  know  I 
I  h&ve  warched  as  you  havt?  done 
Tliia  fair  twilight,  pretty  one, 
Watched  in  treinbllDg  hope,  and  know, 
Bplt6  of  ail  your  frowsdng  m, 
Tliftt  the  wave  of  sorrow,  flowing 
In  jour  heart,  will  man  be  gh<jwing 
In  the  cheeky  now  brightly  bluahing,^ — 
Hark  1  \m  h  u  1 1  h  e  w  i  I  d  hi  r ds  h  nsh  i  u  g 
To  their  nesrs^— and  not  a  lover 
Brushing  through  the  valley  clover  I 

Purple  aa  the  moruing-glorlea 

Hound  her  head  the  shadows  fall ; 
Id  she  thinking  of  ead  storie?, 

That,  when  wild  winds  shriek  aodcallj 
And  the  snow  comes,  gujod  old  folkji, 
Sitting  by  the  Are  togother, 

Tell,  until  the  midnight  cocks 
Shrilly  ci'ow  from  hill  to  hill, 

Stories  not  befitting  ill 
"Wintry  nights  and  windy  weather  t 

The  small  foot  that  late  was  tapping 
On  the  floor,  has  ceased  its  rapping, 
And  the  bhie  eyes  opened  wide, 
Half  in  auger,  half  in  pride, 
How  are  closed  na  in  despair, 
And  tJre  flowera  that  she  would  w*ear 
Whether  they  w^to  praised  or  no, 
On  the  gronnd  are  lying  low% 

Foolish  Kellie,  see  the  moon. 
Round  and  red,  and  tldnk  that  June 

Will  be  liere  another  day, 
Aud  tht^  Hpple*boughs  will  grow 
Brighter  than  a  month  ag<i : 

Beauty  dica  not  ^\Ci\  "Cm  yEx^  \. 


ItSI.] 


N'omU:  thtir  Meaning  and  Mijfsion. 


3i80 


Aud  beneath  th^  hedg«mw  letr^ 
Ail  (he  soA}y*fj[iUiQg  eYn, 
When  tht  joUaw  b«6i  am  hummmg 
And  tbo  blno  and  black  binf^  {zooming 
In  at  will,  we  two  shall  walk, 
Making  out  of  tongs  and  talk 
Qai«t  pastime* 

Nellie  said, 
*^Tbo«e  fine  ev^  I  «haU  be  dead, 
For  I  cannot  live  and  see 
Him  I  lore  so,  false  to  me, 
And  till  now  I  never  Rtoid 
'^Vat^hing  vainlj?  in  the  shade.'" 

"In  good  flooth,  jou  are  betrajedl 
For  I  heard  you  carele^i  iaYing, 

'Tb  not  /far  lore  that  pine/ 
And  IVe  been  a  long  time  staying 

In  the  shadow  of  the  vine  T* 

So  A  langhiDg  voice,  but  tender, 
Said  to  Xelliu  :  quick  the  splendor 

Of  the  full  moon  seomed  to  fade, 
For  the  smiling  and  the  blushing 

Filling  all  tlie  evening  shade. 
It  was  not  the  wild  birds  liushing 

To  their  nests  an  hour  ago, 
But  in  verity  a  lover 
Brushing  through  the  valley  ^clover- 
Would  all  watehes  maidens  keep, 
When  they  sit  alone  and  ween 

For  their  heart*achca  endeJ  ao  t 


NOVELS:    THEIR    MEANING    AND    MISSION- 


THE    announcement    of    philosopher 
Fourier^  that  "Attractions  are  propor- 
tioned to  destinies,^*  albeit  false  in  many, 
(tf  nevertbeleM,  true  in  POine  re5pects. 
jThni,  in  literature,  every  longing  and 
i#v«rv  smacoptibility  of  lli«  soul,  and,  in 
"tcU  cverr  mentjil  waat^  creates  for  itself 
L  i^uibclion  and  a  sapply.    So,  too,  wo 
najr  rǤird  evar^  phasU  of  literature  a4  a 
tjpial  tniJiifeitation  of-  -Hinder 

ppoaisity  thai  underlie  t  ttesit. 

For  example:  The  EiK>s  f^i^-i  latomnce 
t«j  all  the  nntold  ht^nnim^  of  mir  iruiurt.^ ; 
and  tlie  Eifld  k  at  ouca  the  embodiment 
of  a  nation*!  warlike  daring,  and  the 
rejLll/iitJoti|  to  A  certain  extent,  of  a 
bori4i:  id^al  that  ilndii  lU  Lome  arid 
birlh-pUee  in  overj  sou]  of  man-  Kaf^h 
tiwQ  i\  in  a  En«aiare,  an  Achllleii,  and 
hurwt  wUU  tht  llam«  of  hii  awful  ire 
[W|vM  04MN*'f];  but  gttoltit  alone,  in 


elevating  everything  she  toncbes  to  tlie 
dignity  of  apotheoma,  has  touched  whh 
her  mystic  wand  ikw  side  of  the  many* 
aided  soul ;  and  lo  1  it  Urm  and  breathea 
I^erennially. 

History,  again ^levelops  the  inflnite  in 
man;  and,  oa  Fredt^rick  Bchlegel  re* 
mari^  ^'repHea  to  tb&fliBt  problem  of 
pliUoeopb^ — tbo  r^atofstloD  in  man  of 
the  1o9il  !ni«ga  of  God ;  a«  far  as  this  re- 
tattt  to  Scianoe," 

So,  both  the  physical  and  the  meta- 
[ihy«ical  sciences  resjiond  to  opponlto  and 
1^  ^.^ :  I ,  r  T ;  MX  polea  to  our  mental  organiam ; 
V  line  arttt,  which  bold  a  ma«to*  ^ 

t: J     ition  between  the  two,  ore,  la  ' 

aU  their  provinoe*,  an  effort  after  Ujo 
reabxation  of  thsit  wbicli  tin  da  full  ei- 
proision  only  in  that  absolute,  wbioli  i« 
the  Uir£b*plaoe  of  the  moi.  Thus,  the 
tnlnd,  vmmi^d  with  Itaelf  und  subjoe* 


^M 


Not^eh:  their  M^amng  and  Mtsm&n* 


[Oct 


tire  existences,  ever  stragjsjles  after  ob- 
jective forms  am]  embodiment;  for  ^* na- 
ture,'* ns  Emerson  tells  ns^  *^wiU  be 
reported." 

But,  besides  those  factdties  and  ten- 
deiicies  already  named,  and  winch  find 
expression  in  some  favin  qt  others  we 
have  to  take  cognimnce  of  t!iat  class 
which  have  relation  to  the  imagina.Hon 
and  the  /anqf;  and  which  ako  find  for 
themselves  ^*a  local  habitation  and  a 
name,'*  as  well  as  a  place  m  the  world 
of  letters,  I  refer  to  tQmane4  iJtera- 
tnre. 

That  thb  Bp6cie=  of  composition  is  a 
normal  and  legitimate  development  of 
the  rnind,  mankind  have  endorsed  by 
the  fact  of  every  nationV  having  given 
birth  to  pfoduciiuQ^  of  this  kind,  and  by 
the  extreme  avidity  witJi  which  fabulons 
and  r«>mantic  narratives  have  in  all  times 
been  received.  Finding  its  primeval 
home  in  the  gorgeous  East — amid  scenes 
of  vastne^  and  of  splendor,  where  the 
inrt(?nifioence  of  nature's  visible  forms, 
and  the  voluptnoas  quiesoencd  of  life, 
invite  to  lolhng  repose,  giving  birth  to 
dreamy  fancies;  while  every  bal sarnie 
breeze  and  Sab  can  odor  wafts  on  Its 
wings  reveries  of  grandeur — it  retioljed 
its  full  Eastern  perfection  in  thoae  won- 
derful phantasies;  The  Thousand  and 
One  Tales, 

Of  Ea^^tern  romance,  we  may  remark, 
€n  pamant^  that  it  wiU  be  found  the  al* 
most  nnmiied  product  of  fancy  {or  phan- 
tasy). The  tendency  of  the  oriental 
tniod  was  not  sufficiently  intro*^peotive 
to  elevate  them  to  the  dignity  of  works 
of  imagiimti&n;  and,  beside!«),  every* 
thing  iQ  nature  was  symbolical  and  sug- 
gestire,  and  speech  itself  was  nearly 
,  pure  metaphor.  The  East  is  the  home 
of  tiio  langnage  of  flowers,  and  the 
poetry  of  matheinaticf. 

Transported  to  tlte  Westj  romance  as- 
sumed a  more  intellective  and  also  a 
more  emotional  cast ;  losing  many  of  its 
outer  splendors,  It  clotlied  itself  in  a 
stronger  warb,  and  partook  of  the  active 
forui  of  Western  life.  This  is  the  hey- 
day of  the  European  chivalry  and  ro- 
mance epoch,  displayed  in  the  genial 
fyttire  and  the  glorious  homor  of  its 
bn;jrlitest  exponent,  Miguel  de  Cervantes 
Simvedia;  and  the  gallant  or  amatory 
h/irp  of  the  Troubadours  and  the  Minne- 
singers* 

The  subsequent  course  of  romance 
litemture,  down  to  the  present  time,  i^ 
known  to  every  one,  and  need  not  here 
be  pursued;  as  It  modified  its  original 


form,  and  extended  the  bonndarica  of  ita 
province  of  action^now  taking  in  one 
field,  and  again  another — -jotting  ont  in 
strange  extravagances  and  outre  develop- 
ments, and  then  rising  to  the  natnral  and 
the  true ;  till  now,  when  its  domain  em- 
braces infinity  and  absorlia  every  subject 
of  human  feeling  and  action,  ibongla  and 
emprise.  Carlyle  says  that  rai nance 
has  not  ceased  to  exist;  tljar,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  is  now  in  its  full  meri- 
dian splendor.  And  verily^  we  are  in- 
clined to  believe  it — if  not  in  life,  yet' in 
literatnre. 

Nothing  is  more  ea^y  orgratuitons  than 
the  vitoperative  condemnation  and  con- 
tempt that  have  so  often  been  lavJ!%he<l 
on  novels  and  novel  writing.  They  are 
**  truiih,^^  **  vel  low-covered  literal  ore," 
"  wishy  - wa^ by i  ^ni,  namby-pambyism , " 
&c.,  Jjc,  The  guardian  makes  it  a  point 
to  keep  his  ward  as  carefully  from  a  novel 
as  from  tiie  measles,  and  would  as  lief 
that  she  would  dose  herself  with  rals- 
bane  as  devour  a  romance.  Onr  vene- 
rated ancestor  (peace  to  his  mane"?),  who, 
in  early  manhood,  was  so  annoyed  by  the 
flirtations  of  bia  gay  younger  sister, 
wliich  seemed  always  to  succeed  profound 
and  long-con  tinned  brooding  over  the 
pages  of  tlie  novels  sent  her  from  Lon- 
don, had,  one  sljould  say,  »ome  reason 
for  cautioning  us,  among  his  last  word? 
of  advice,  to  *'  Bew^are  of  novels." 

Uncle  Greybeard,  too,  imagines  that 
ho  has  completely  atinibilated  the  ■whole 
tribe  when  he  utters  a  **  Pshaw  V*  and 
something  about "  vapid  sentimentality,''^ 
and  *^man-miUineri3m,"  Tn^e,  O  grave 
Greybeard;  those  which  chiefiy  filled 
the  shelves  of  your  village  library  were 
most  deserving  of  the  epithets,  and  even 
at  the  present  dav  many  a  heated  press 
labors  day  and  nigfit  to  satiafjc  the  public 
appetite  for  just  such  **  trmh,^^ 

The  truth,  however,  is,  that  the  do- 
main of  roraance*compositlon  has  been 
so  mnte^ally  extended  within  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  the  fields  of  thonght 
and  feeling  eonmiented  upon  so  aliereil, 
and  the  type  of  popular  novels  so  com- 
pletely changed,  that  what  codd,  to  a 
great  extent,  be  very  well  pre<Iictited  of 
novels  fifty  years  ago,  is  totally  false  in 
its  sweeping  application  to  our  present 
species.  We  have  now  no  desire  f*»r  the 
extravagaoees  of  sentiment  and  u<>tion 
that.,  with  a  few  brilliant  exceptions, 
characterized  English  novels  of  former 
times.  On  the  other  hand,  w<j  are  dis- 
gusted with  such  prodiictioue,  and  covet, 
above  all,  the  natural  in  thought  and 


mi.] 


their  Mmmng  and  MtMMmn, 


301 


Wkut  b  Wfliitetl  to  eonsiiitita 
t  mijdiTQ  no^^el,  i*  not  n  niomlnms 
hUIa^m  of  gTfitesquely  iHuittve  pic- 
(  of  life  tmd  tmiiirti^  mt*jrlurded  with 
>ivabk  MHiLlmeQts  npbi$ard-of  ad- 
v«titu«»,  and  iui|>O8sibl0  exploits.  Not 
fti  ill,  Wa  dciimnd  thut  tbey  be  Terit- 
ft1it«  and  vcraeiouEi  f^egTiieots  of  the  great 
^l^^dmnitt,  db[kla>ing  Nature  and  Man 
^tlltj  W^  eentimcnt^  oa  ihcv^  ore  fett^ 
1  da«d«  A»  the  J  am  donti,  ^ovyb  are 
1  NA  Art  products,  he  id  09  lilU«  i^rtl)^ 
bj  k  ftjil  with  the  himrr 69-1(4  that&re 

pid  tcigot Iter,  fur  the  gratill cation  of 

trifj  weal  bruins,  m  for  thi^  fftiiiaa* 
tie  idoroiags  of  a  Dutch  Lou^e,  or  tlio 
ftrcltlt^etural  pro|>ortioQS  of  a  Qliinvse 

We  aro  now-a-dflys  reatiy  very  little 
iutcTiasled  in  tlie  history  of  tTjut  jinuHblo 
€riittif«i  Hiss  AngelicA  Cc!  .N\r- 

Imrt,  with  whom  thnt  eqn     ^   ,        ruu^a 

Eat,  Petor  Giraldine  Giagerbrond,  fell 
lore.  The  Ufe-Tiews  and  vici^^itudee 
aeatimcnUil  pair — ho^*  Ma  waa 
_  _  t0  it,  how  Peter  (tioor  Pyter!) 
tti  taclaDcliuiy  aod  the  se^  and, 
KfiiST  lunutu*jrahle  jiri>cli^^*ou*  ft/h'eijture^ 
with  iilrai««  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico \  r©- 
liimetl  junl  in  time  tc>  shoot  a  rival,  and 
C'l  ■  ^  ,j*ulica  (Jtde^lina,  who  rtfler- 
ts  ,  ill  grt*ii t  CO  \m  n  hi  A  t  t?l  i  ei  ty, 

*.  ..iuig  <5<>lta|f<j  by  the  aide  of  a 
rdv  hike.  Even  Mir^  6Undij^h  would 
decliirv  limt  tlii^  id  rjuite  ^^  divine^^ 
Dow*a-dajs*  Ott  iho  wholo,  we  hare 
no  ii>  rooeivo  thcwe  overwhelming 
aaaicatioiiji  with  very  ooa^d«rabk 
Wid.  Novel*  ar«  iiow^  many  of 
tbmD^  tH«  rirmluetjpnii  of  mi>n  of  the 
t>{)Efi«vt  intetkHiluat  and  muinl  wortJin,  and 
ar.  nt  tuofo  geiit»fal)r  read,  And 

yt  roise  i  greater  i  m  uenoa  tbsji 

ail  i>lii6r  forma  of  literaturo  to* 
Thts^  In  ih0  namt  of  iruih  and 
e,  let  u«  throw  down  the 
and  cry  *^  Halt  !'^  to  nnoers  and 
at  norek.  HaLlt«r  would  we 
•itdiaYor  t«>  inre^tigaie  the  nature  and 
lifdtiauite  flv^ld  iif  novel  writing,  and 
pdiit  ont  the  tneaniiig  and  tha  miadon 
'^  mch  works, 

fjftw  word*  prefatory,  hewer  or,  on 
I  nubjdct  of  a  namo» 
Tht^re  i«  no  more  unfortunate  cinjum- 
ilAOC^  than  ihf»  lot^k  of  an  appr<iprlate 
nc4»d  namo  fi>r  that  kind  of 
I  to  which  wwrtro  n^^iewi  tatud. 


in  lieu  of  a  better,  to  a<Qr  the  appelktfon. 
Novels,  Itoiiiatice^T  ^^^  They  are  totel 
raisnomer»,  e v^ ry  on e  o f  ll k* m ,  Th e  fact 
is,  that  the  thing  it'*elf  \\m  refwatedly 
tshangSH],  while  the  name  has  not,  and 
thus  thing  and  name  are  mutual  contra^ 
dictions.  And,  indeed,  it  u  very  mnch 
to  be  desiderated  tiuvt  Sarnnel  Tnylor 
Ooleridgfe,  instead  of  racking  his  and  our 
brains  with  EMmplmtiesy  and  other 
sueh,  had  given  us  a  gaod  title  for  this 
very  important  cla^  of  wt^rk^  which  are, 
even  to  the  present  diiy,  denied  Olirist itin 
baptism,  korel  ]»  juMt  quthpa  eho»e 
ds  noutelh — something  new^  novel;  and 
thus  k  as  applicable  to  one  thing  m  to 
another,  MoitiaTh^,  m  the  word  itself 
imports,*  m  oonfined  to  the  middle  ages ; 
ma  J^lf^^ongh  originally  a  harmlei* 
enongh  wonI,  and,  in  faot  rather  expres- 
sive, denoting  the  result  of  mental  pk- 
turing~-(fin^o)  i  tnasri  ni  n  g — h  ai  now 
come  to  be  symbohcal  simply  of  aJfS* 

**  Oo-tj  LhU,  iknd  notlttpg  mdre/' 

On  the  other  band,  you  can  scarcely, 
with  striet  propriety,  ctdl  them  works  o£ 
imagination  or  fancy :  for,  iu  so  doing, 
we  include,  under  that  term,  [Kiutry^  ora- 
tory, and  everything  else  to  stime  extent* 
We  shall,  tlien,  have  to  be  satisfied  with 
the  old  name$ — earnestly  deiiriug  ximi  a 
new  and  more  inter|>retailve  term  tiiay 
be  ipoedilj  deviled. 

The  domain  of  the  nor  el  ranfoi  or«r 
the  entire  field  of  the  real  and  the  ideal, 
and  thus  touch&i  at  ert^^ry  ooint  of  matrs 
coniieiouanei^8 — In  the  e vol n lion  of  indi- 
vidual character,  and  the  development  of 
human  Ufe  and  nature,  in  their  actual 
phasea.  And  in  these  |>oint<,  it  is  co-or- 
dinato  and  eo^ei tensive,  at  once,  with 
pot?try  and  the  tlraina.  With  |»octry,  in 
being  a  veritable  ir^tsjtrH — an  art-crea- 
tion;  and  with  ihc  drarmi,  iu  it*  plan  or 
plot — In  the  involution  of  ctrcunistuncCt 
oharaot^r,  and  passion,  and  the  evolution 
fti>m  the  complexity  «*f  the^o  l{ti?-nnd- 
death  oominjn  "  tfiuud  vital 

rtNulta  tind  ii  <al  k^N!Hin)*. 

Thn*^  noveK  uin>*o   that   are 

the  tranweoil  .tion-*  of  the  im- 

agination, lako  iLMiii  ^>i  every ihiog  tliat 
U  in  ra^tpoti  with  the  intinite  iu  man. 
The  artist  who  crcate^l  them 

«*  ltiiU4«d  tmUrr  Ihut  bt  Itatr  ;**t 

for,  in  ditplaving  the  phenomenal,  an 
entioiJig  hint  fuw,  at  timers  been  thrown 


^  —  ^  i«# 


•ad  sfljr  het^  wrttiK 
UiM  tt,  " 


302 


Iloi^eh:  their  Meaning  and  Mission* 


out,  thaL  led  iH  on  with  wiunlog  smiles 
to  iUfA  lionie  t>f  the  real :  one  touch  of 
the  hutnaQ  harp-chortl,  the  lufinite,  has 
set  a-lhrilling  the  old  "Eternal  Melo- 
dies," For  so  it  is,  tliat  everything  m 
life  has  a  relation  at  uoce  to  the  me  mid 
tlio  uot-me ;  and  while  th©  obverse  Cftr- 
rles  the  relative^  the  revere  bears  the 
stamp  of  the  ahsolate. 

Regartling  Llie?*e  idealistic  creationSi  a 
remark  or  two  mar,  at  t!ie  pret5<jat  mo- 
ment, nut  he  inappropriate. 

There  be  [persons  to  whom  nothing  ig 
comprehensiblti  hut  what  come^  through 
the  gro!^  iHdjmbilities  of  the  aeniea. 
The  J  can  appreoiate  notldug  that  oomm 
not  in  positive  cuffij  and  downright  hard 
blows.  Now  with  the^e  it  h  no  inten- 
tiun  of  ours  to  dlseu:^  the  question  as 
to  the  comparative  value  of  the  real  and 
the  ideal — tl^e  practic  and  the  theoretic. 
We  have  hut  to  saj  tliat  there  are  two 
worlds :  there  bo  two  sides  to  everything 
in  this  world  and  out  of  it.  There  is 
the  world  of  wliich  your  senses  are  cog* 
nimnt— that  which  your  eyes  see,  and 
your  ears  hoar,  and  3'our  hands  handle^ 
tlio  physical.  We  will  even  become  sen- 
sationalists enough  to  admit,  that  you 
have  a  solid  frame  of  integuments  mus- 
cle, and  adipo&e  tissue  surrounding  yon, 
and  an  epigastric  region  somewhere 
about  the  middle  of  said  framework; 
we  will  aocede  to  your  proposition,  tliat 
the  earth  you  tread  on  has  a  solidity  and 
a  reality  (contingent) ;  and  admit  that  if 
yon  apply  a  loaded  pii^tol  to  your  head, 
and  pull  the  trigger,  it  will  etimd  a  chance 
of  blowing  out  what  nature  meant  for 
your  brains.  There  is  no  denying  your 
creed  so  far.  But,  if  yon  insist  that  that 
is  ally  then  we  cry  "  halt,"  in  Iwsaven's 
nauiel  To  your  doctrine^  friend,  we 
cau^t  subscrihe  Credo!  Kay,  on  that 
score  we  are  utter  i^n^wrtKoi — uubdlievers, 
And  if  ye  were  not 


-  ^  Quimtl  ehercl 


S4dellain*nte"«- 


so  squini-cyid  in  mind,  yon  could  not 
help  knowing  that  there  is  anotlier 
world — the  world  of  your  longings  and 
your  d readings  and  your  imagining:* — 
the  spiritual.     Where  roam 

**Tho<ie  th«tigbU  Uiat  vaDder  tbrMfb  fteml^,** 

with  fiehU  and  blessed  isles  of  its  own^ 
and  an  infinite  blue  concave  stretching 
all  around.     As  for  the  predilection  for 


the  real  and  the  praetioal^  it  might  be 
well  to  remember  tliat  theory  *frer 
stands  at  the  ba^  of  practice ;  and  ihe 
ideal,  being  the  greater,  inalitdes  the 
real.  And,  indeed,  Leigh  Untit,  in  otie 
of  Ym  papers,  argues  that  it  wotild  be 
extremely  dit^cult  to  prove  that  inmglii- 
ings  have  not  as  real  an  existence  u 
those  to  wbicii  we  are  in  Uie  habit  of 
applying  that  rather  ambitioas  titla.  Be- 
sides^ if  the  dictum  of  our  gre&t  master- 
philosopher  be  true,  that 

■  -— "  W«  mre  •!«*  ihiff 

Am  ireUDi  ■»  mad4  of,  %Dd  tmt  lllU«  UCv 

U  pounde4  wUh  i  tleep," 

why  may  not  those  remembered  duite^ 
ter^  iliat  jut  out  with  a  glDrio^  p^yohaf 

eiListenoe,  be  as  veracionsi  to  me  as  any  ef 
the  shadows  in  buckram  by  which  I  am 
Burrotmded.  Apply  sensnotia  tests  U 
them.  Were  you  never  iaflucnced  mort 
materially  by  a  book-character  ?  Wer©  jm 
never  stopped — physically  arrested — by 
a  thought!  AVore  j-ou  never  "#frtitfit" 
by  some  pm'ely  brum -delineation  T  Did 
Bir  John  FalstafT  never  sit  and  sw«ir 
with  you  at  your  drinking  bontd;  er 
what  do  you  think  of  a  poor  Bnms  car- 
rying in  Ins  pocket  a  copy  of  Paradim 
£&9t  to  fortify  his  mind  and  stay  bitosatf 
up  with  the  defiant  courage  of  Miltonli 
Satan?  Aba  I  my  friend,  yon  will  htm 
to  come  to  the  oonfessioa  that ; — 

**  There  nn  raore  lb)u^  tn  He*Tefi  mod  Wmrih 
Then  ue  drcaml  tff  iu  fimr  ptUkdop^  I" 

What  a  glorious  cloud  of  spintuol  aad 
intellectual  witne^cs  hav^  wi»  all  around 
US  and  taking  up  their  Lome  with  ml 
To  w!iom  we  refer  as  pre^sedents  in 
every  action — with  whom,  Goosoioia^T 
or  otherwise,  we  ad viso  every  courae  of 
conduct,  and  from  wliom  we  draw  na* 
told  consolations  and  benefits. 

We  think  of  a  heroio  Patience-man—  - 
a  Prometheus  Vinctns^Hshained  to  th^^t^,^ 
craggy  rock — enduring  the  gna wings  odf^^    ^ 
the  vtdture,  and  aUM  oxdiumiiif : 

or  of  his  parallel  Sampson  Agi>nisKS5K.^«{«4  ^ 
we  think  of : 

**  Tbe  freiit  AditOet  irt^m  ira  kuf t,"  | 

of  Dantean  paradises  and  itifei^os ;  ^ 
blundering  yet  sage  old  Bon  Quii- 


1P54.1 


Novels:  their  ^feaning  and  Miision, 


393 


of  the  hnrr^^ng  words  of  Shakes[M)are*8 
inetnipiilitaii  brHin ;  we  go  on  advuiiturc:} 
wiih  Ttiin  Jones,  or  dwell  in  desert 
isYes  with  Roblnsim  Crusoe;  we  philoeo- 
pljiMd  witli  Mo>es  (  Vieur  of  Wakefield) 
aiid  exclaim  **Pro{ligit>us!**  witli  £>omi- 
uie  SniupMin;  we  muse  with  Manfred  t)r 
wo  curse  with  Mcphistoplielcs.  And  ho  it 
U  thniUfirhout  every  province  of  human 
artifin — we  are  never  without  our  com- 
fmjynofis  de  royage.  They  hover  around 
us  ur  dwell  with  us,  and  perhaps  tliere 
c<»uM  be  no  more  noble  tribute  paid  to 
the  ^lory  and  veritability  uf  sucti  genius- 
iTcaiions. 

Such  and  so  vast  i^  the  Jk^opo  of  novol- 
comiKi-^ition  tailing  in  the  Lnsecn  and 
tlie  EttTiial  a.H  well  us  tho  Temporal ; 
embracing;  at  once  the  lil'e  that  now  is, 
and  that  which  is  to  come.  Their  name 
15  lA-ginh — numbtTLti  b}'  the  million — 
while  iliuu<*anils  i>r  Ann  street  presses  teem 
with  untold  <piantities  more— diurnally. 
Of  every  p<>^>ible  species — jmd  <»f  every 
irrado  of  merit — from  a  "  I'irate*s  Re- 
ven;re''  or  an  '*  Alamance'^  (which  may 
be  taken  as  minimum;  up  to  a  ^*  Vanity 
Fair,"  om  "  Wiliielm  Meistcr''  (which  ap- 
proach t'»  the  maximum) — a  distance  that 
you  and  I,  friend,  wt»uld  rather  not  tra- 
vel over.  S»,  to  assist  ns,  wu  shall 
endeavor  to  nial^e  a  few  ^reat  general 
divi«i<»n<s  under  which  all  Komanco- 
priiilui-tions  may  Ih.*  included. 

It  is  wuniiy  of  note  tfiat  the  terms 
"Novel"  and  •*  lioinance,"  lhou;;h  ofien 
c<in founded — are,  in  a  general  signiM- 
oalion.  an:ili»gi>u<i  to  the  piiilosiiphico- 
nietapiiv-ical  diviHon-t,  *' imaginati«)n*' 
ar.d  "  Fancy.''  "The  fancy.''  siiys 
('■•leriilge  in  his  lliotjniphii  Lif<rftri4i^ 
"th>:  fancy  coiii]>iiie<-,  the  iuiagiiiation 
crea'.«-j»."  Now  thi-,  thi«ugli  perhaj»s 
n"t  a  ii:;idly  piiil<Hiipliic:il  lii-.tinctiiMi, 
is  Vet  c.i[)it:il  as  a  geinTul  detiiiition. 
I*.;ltii:;r  them  •.i<le  by  >.ide,  then,  wo 
h.'ivc  Faii'-y — Komance;    Imagiintion — 

N-«vi:i  ;  tli:i!  ix.  thi:  lerin  Kumiiucu  is 
indiiMtivi-  111'  a  funhinti'inn  (if  wonderful 
d'-*-iN  and  d.-iring*  ;  «»utrei^:ii-i  and  bizar- 
re rie*  :  wliile  ixivil  (not  tho  name — 
f«»r  T!.at  is  si.Mi-ilf^-*  ill  .•«u<rh  an  appli- 
c:iti«iti  -but  tho  t.'iinj;  carrirs  the  idea 
«^f  :i-i  .\r:-creaii'»Ti ;  n«ii  an  accreti«»n  of 
nr'-ir:i-:an«'e-  and  parliiular-*  fnMu  with- 
oit.  iiiit  an  irily  I'nMJuction  m{  the  mind 
in  ST-*  hi^'hr-t  iniaL::nin;»'  nr  jHntlf  mtxNls. 
Uf  «-.iiir-«'.  it  i"»  n«tt  inten-letl  to  be  iuM- 
n-iated  tliat  they  are  not  found  in  c<in- 
htanf  utTll;ati<Mi— as  are  all  the  mental 
tendencies— yi-t  th..*  preiHinderance  of 
the  frtculty  will  run  in  the  direction 
VOL.  IV. — 26 


above  indicated.  And  more  particularly 
is  this  true  in  regard  to  NoreU  since  the 
rise  of  our  present  new  and  better  school 
of  imaginative  writers,  wlio  have  eleva- 
ted this  species  of  composition  to  its 
true  dignity — ^and  regarding  which 
Hchool,  we  have  a  few  words  to  remark 
by  and  by.  But,  in  tho  mean  time  to 
our  division!!. 

I.  The  purely  J?omrt/in'<j.*  1.  The-iyw- 
lotjue — the  didactic;  2.  Extratagamaa ; 
8.  liKmifkWQQ  Sentimental : 

II.  TheA'^r^Z  pn)[K'r:  4.  IlistorieO'De' 
scrip  tire;  5.  No  vein  -4wa/ya'<5— of  Men 
and  Manncm ;  G.  NoveU  Idealittic, 
JJesides  which  classes,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  include  N«n'els — Philosophic — 
Poiit ical^  JUUtjioun —  Eclectic. 

TIio  lirst  three  divisions,  namely,  the 
Aindogue,  Extravagiinza,  and  Sentimen- 
tal priKluctiouiK,  have  relation  to  the  class 
we  call  liomanri'*;  tho  last  three,  and 
the  minor  bubdivisiuns,  are  what  we  may 
with  propriety  name  XorcU^  taking  that 
term  as  indicating  imaginative  in  opi>o- 
sition  t4)  fanciful  works.  And,  whether 
intentionally  or  i>therwi«e,  we  find  that 
we  have,  with  con>ideral)lo  correctness^ 
given  them  place  in  the  order  of  their 
(levelopment  in  actual  literature.  For  it 
is  a  fact  tliat  tales,  having  their  founda- 
tion in  the  fancy,  ever  precede  the  noble 
tlights  of  imagination.  Kven  as  in  the 
individual,  the  fan(*y  precedes,  in  relatiou 
of  time,  the  inia::ination  ;  so  in  tho  ailo> 
lescence  of  a  national  literature,  we  have 
the  :rrotesipie  and  the  arabes<]ue  l>efore 
the  lofiy  ideali-stio. 

Tile  Mrst  di\i'*i<in,  the  Apologue^  is  one 
of  the  earliest  deveUtpnieuta  in  all  litera- 
ture. ForthiM»rder  of  progreswion  pecms 
to  he  thus: — The  nnulrigal — the  primal 
form — nieri^e^  into  fable  or  allegory,  and 
this  citntinues  until  a  higher  type  tukes 
its  platro.  And  liere  again  the  circani- 
>t:ince  in  literature  finds  ita  analogue  in 
life,  for  at  no  time  are  |)orsons  so  di<lac- 
lic  as  in  y<»uth,  except  when  a  gnrruloiM 
.senility  lias  ))roUg)it  back  a  second  child- 
liDod.  Tlii^fact  i^ abundantly  illustrated  in 
European  literature.  There  was  lirst  tlie 
trowbadoiir  ami  chivalrio  pcrioil,  wlien 
all  wa<  M>ng.  When  "IhjI levers,"  says 
Tieck,  "  >an;;  of  faith;  lovers  oi  h»ve; 
knights  des<ribed  knightly  actions  and 
battles;  ami  loviuL',  believing  knights 
were  their  chief  audience."  iJut  the  Jigo 
of  rliivalry  pa-?<-d  away,  the  world  awoko 
to  the  sternneTS  and  the  reality,  the  my^ 
tery  ami  the  m;yesty  of  life,  and  they 
a^kcd  to  be  taught.  And  so  arose  tha 
Fable,  the  A]le^^«iry,  the  Auologue. 


394 


NovcU :  their  Meaning  and  Mission. 


[Oct 


Of  this  cla?s  of  writinpr,  no  finer  type 
could  be  desired  than  that  marvelfous 
Gesta  Jiomanonim^  or  that  exquisite 
(xerman,  Jieinecke  d-er  Fuehs^  Reyndrd 
the  Fox.  This  form  of  writing  is,  how- 
ever, by  no  means  a  desirable  one,  and 
is  always  indicative  of  a  transition  state 
in  literature. 

Tlio  second  division  is  that  to  which 
wo  have  given  the  name  of  Extrata- 
ffanzas.  Under  which  wo  may  include 
not  only  those  jeux  d'eftprit — the  innu- 
merable '*  toy  ages  imafjinaires-^  of  former 
limes— exemplified  lately  in  another  field, 
that  of  astronomy,  by  Locke's  "Moon 
Iloax,''  and  the  "  Hans  Ph.iair*  of  Erigar 
A.  Poo,  but  also  the  bizarreries  of  Mrs. 
R.'idclilFo,  Kotzcbne,  and  numerous  other 
German  and  French  writers—  those  tor- 
rifico-ghostly,  blood-and-th under  books, 
as  well  as  the  stories  of  exploit  and  ad- 
venture, tf.^..  Captain  Marryatt's  tales; 
and  also  productions  which  owe  tlieir 
effect  to-the  illustration  of  7>ra<;f;>/z/j(?iY, 
such  as  "  Charles  O^Malley"  and  *'  Harry 
Iy)rre<iuer,"  **  Valentine  Vox"  and  '*  Stan- 
ley Thorn."  As  a  political  extrava- 
ganza, the  **  Utopia"  of  Sir  Thomas  More 
is  undoubtedly  the  most  capital  thing 
extant. 

Of  the  third  division,  wo  need  fortu- 
nately say  but  little,  as  they  are  so  per- 
fectly familiar  to  every  one,  as  to  require 
no  illustration.  They  are  usually  well 
seasoned  with  "  molasses,"  and  generally 
conclude  with  the  moral — **  And  they 
lived  happily  all  the  rest  of  their  days^ 
They  are  still  the  bane  of  our  literature, 
and  are  the  chaff  among  which  are  found 
a  few  golden-grained  products  of  true 
genius. 

There  is,  however,  another  class  of 
sentimental  works,  or  rather  (for  that 
term  is  abused  in  its  present  application) 
works  of  sentiment,  or  (if  the  term  be 
endurable)  aDsthetical  productions,  which 
have  their  foundation  in  heart-feelings, 
and  make  their  thesis  the  emotional. 
These  are  some  of  the  quiet  homo  books 
of  Grace  Aguilar,  Mrs.  Kirkland,  Eliza- 
beth Oakes  Smith,  and  (to  be  brief)  Ike 
.  Marvel,  as  seen  in  his  "  Dream-Life" 
and  "  Reveries  of  a  Bachelor ;"  while  of 
the  sentimental,  in  its  boldest  and  most 
analytical  point  of  view,  Rousseau  and 
Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre  are  undoubtedly 
to  be  taken  as  the  most  excellent  repre- 
sentatives. 

Division  four  brings  ns  to  the  most 
prolific  and  popular  type  of  novels — ^the 
Historioo-Descriptive.  Under  this  head 
there:  is  such  a  multiplicity  of  writers, 


that  the  enumeration  of  any  other  than 
typal  representatives  is  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. 

At  the  head  of  this  class,  in  both  its 
department-^  stands,  without  doubt,  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  He  has  hqrried  not  only 
every  nook  and  cranny  of  Scottish  life 
and  manners,  but  has  rummaged  almcist 
every  salient  point  of  history  for  mate- 
rial. If  Scott,  and  Professor  Wilson,  and 
Mrs.  Ferrier  be  the  illustrators  of  Scot- 
land and  the  Scotch,  in  their  great  na- 
tional peculiarities,  assuredly  so  may 
Mrs.  Hall  be  considered  of  Ireland  and 
the  Irish,  in  the  home-life  of  that  people, 
while  Charles  Lever  displays  its  more 
farcical  phases.  The  English  "Upper 
Ten"  find  at  once  a  satirist  and  an  ex- 
ponent in  Hook  and  Thackeray,  while 
*' John  Bull "  never  had  a  more  jolly  ap- 
preciator,  or  more  faithful  chronicler, 
than  Dickens;  the  salient  and  spirited 
soul  of  Parisian  life  is  not  so  salient  as 
to  elude  the  grasp  of  a  Balzac,  nor  so 
spirited  as  not  to  be  seized  by  a  Paul  de 
Kock  ;  German  life  has  its  thousand  ex- 
positors ;  Italy  its  faithful  Manzoni,  and 
its  eloquent  Madame  de  StaSl;  while 
Northern  Europe  is  familiar  to  us  as 
household  scones  through  the  felicitous 
sketches  of  Miss  Bremer ;  and  the  East, 
in  all  its  grandeur  and  gorgeonsness,  is 
ours  through  the  pages  of  Anastasius  and 
EOthen. 

America  has  no  national  novel,  for  the 
very  good  reason  that  there  is  no  such 
thing  as  American  society.  Particular 
portions,  indeed,  and  particular  sides 
thereof  liave  found  interpreters.  West- 
ern and  Indian  life  has  a  Cooper;  South- 
ern, a  Kennedy;  and  New  England,  a 
Hawthorne  and  a  Sedgwick;  but  her 
"idea"  has  never  yet  been  embodied — 
her  pulse,  the  state  of  it,  has  never  yet 
been*  recorded ;  for  the  reason  that  arte- 
rial circulation  has  hardly  yet  com- 
menced; her  "mission"  has-  not  quite 
got  itself  evolved;  and  the  American 
Novel,  like  her  "  Coming  Man,"  is  only 
a-"  coming." 

In  a  far  higher  than  a  historico-des- 
criptive  sense  are  Dickens  and  Thackeray, 
Rousseau  and  Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre, 
Hawthorne  and  Mrs.  Stowe,  Richter  and 
GoSthe ;  novelists,  as  recorders,  not  of 
phases  of  society  and  national  character- 
istics, merely,  but  of  (6)  men  and  man- 
ners; as  students  of  elemental  human 
nature;  and  observers  and  reporters  of 
this  great  life-drama.  This  it  is  that 
brings  them  into  rapport  with  Shakes- 
peare and  the  heart  of  uniferBal  life; 


Nopeh :  the^tr  Meaning  mnd  Mission. 


n& 


r 


bb  b  ifctnr  rr^-vvn  nf  glory— 
n;   a.hd  thnt  whu^h   w 
fciw  ihmm  tci  (Hjrish,  ^'^  ■■  *'■■• 
rii^lftetiocii  of  rutti.ti 
[Jfig  Iiit«r6At ;  tui  i i:    . .  . -. ......  ,j 

rich  tlt«t  hiinii4i  italuii^  whidi  thisy  de- 
^  ifii!  itliavate  them  vo  tfie  dignity  of 

GSoMlf  aJTlcd  wHli  Lhe  former  (linsiioa 
■f>l  UiQBie  ><  '  lift  ve  for  thtir  t»b- 

je<^  n  f>ff  ^ric  aim— which  Of e 

t'  u  -M^uU>^es  of  bumjin  nature 

ii  •H^tn— ^ith  »  |-eml*3t)m'  purely 

•rr;i.ri'.  L- ;,    Ijuxi'.-    r'h     o;bJec- 
T  ,r    S,v^.^,   .lii.i     ...    :.h,^..,    the 

wrTejf^imviii  ot  tt  Biiujcctive  awiio  in  ita 
<iiMiirtrtoil wiib olijgecjrii i^ iUija.  These 
%mf4  ihdt  ra^m  in  the  invo\m\on  of  the 
pmiiif— #ti^rt«Of*  tu  the  weriHO  i*f  the 
lldllqifli.  lit  regmrd  lo  wlacii  produo- 
thm^  «iy»  Ptie :  •*  With  mdi  mm  of  ilie 
Im  U  Ii««r4  ;i  krhir^flv,  and  Dot  ulwayi  a 
dWaaci.  bi  4  jiad  »QuI-e£aJnng 

0rAi*.     In  fi^^  nf  UjAUty  pre- 

'    iozij?  and  wild 

■       •    il  VlBlflUi    uf  & 

KilAil  voioe  jMld reuses  ns  /r^m  h^lm^. 
Xli«  Bi>tQ»  of  Lhu  nir  of  iJ^e  »rmg  treioytt 
Willi  tJM  Moordifig  UiHiiA  of  tbe  aoooin* 


Thm  farm  U  to  be  Aititid  iu  fbU  fierfto- 

i-1   ^*-    '    *o  itujuptig  of  Jean 

PmI  I  «yuEriat'*Uiidim" 

Mf  Dlr  ...  ....        .<^u6— annJogoiu,  in  & 

All^rtfil  fartn,  tii  tbjU  ningtiitioent  tr4gic 
«m!>  mIi  iieiit  tif  i:Eii«liyliis,  ^' Promo th«US 
\  ir  til*!  "  OuiiiiLt  *'  «r  Mdioi),  or 

t  *' rhriMtiiWd;*   *.r    Slit?Mo/A 

',  too,  h(».s  given  lis  fii»ina 
,  iifi  of  idiatd   rmnta»yiiig; 
lUiU,  *iJLi^  Ciial  ut'   PttiT^iiitiif  it  h  fiMiLftSJ* 
Iflgp  im  mt^  ntfinir.     Ki»  <>ne  cumtd  betttf 
MM  to  tu  atiit  ng  or  a  dread* 

tup;  or  a  rmiroo  1  a  t4!Ddeney  of 

tf  '  r  att  idio- 

tif  U>0  Uooso  of  Uihcr." 

Tbffi^barac.terJ^iic  aad  th«  jirtorj^of  the 

'iiH.l  of  iHifrli^t'^  In.  without  dMubt, 

icity.     A*  wo 

of  ti  ctnturjf 

Iv'  revolo- 

>ii«tratiiro, 

.u<*vtiuji^ut  is  refer- 

''  -  uf  ooe  writer,  und 

I       B*>i»*  wiy  Cnml- 

.j(i**^  liid  the  way; 

uiAke    r  Jt  iMSEHij    "t->    jLTv-nt    pr**to- 

odiooiL     Bur.  -i  ^  :     .  HKrvtuf 


I' 

I 


■\v  imptilfle  ia  with  gjettl^r  proba- 
H  bo  Doaght  for  In  the  mores  |.ro- 
i'rn:uh  eaniefli  iipiHt  of  fhe  ago,  We  note, 
amid  r)ie  cnidiiit^s  and  iib^tmlitic^ of  thiA 
era,  the  primal  nvovemt*fit  toward.*  a 
radicttJly  stronger  and  nobJer  theoitin  of 
liftjttad  jiteralUPe  in  all  their  der>iirtjneiiU 
— of  a  doi*pt?r  tln^osophy  imd  a  more 
tranacendont  phihuMipliy,  The  %vorld\4 
*'  Id^a''^  now  13  the  /ruir.  Thm  idea  it  in 
thai  b  leaiJifkg  m  back  to  the  search 
aftor  ft  n^oro  Antiifrtctory  Ktdiitioii  **f  all 
tile  problems  that  affect  human  exltitenco 
and  iU  conoerns;  that  ninkos  phyMleal 
science  the  otf^pHog  of  tlie  nineteenth 
century ;  that  haa  tnrued  cntioi^ro  upside 
down;  thai  liaa  given  na  an  EtiKM-»i>ii 
sDd  a  Oarlyle — a  Sohilier  and  a  dijuthe  \ 
and  that  has  js^-ept  awiiy  the  '*idd 
drow»yshop''  of  Aii-itoteb?**'  ^^  ■' -*  ifid 
onU>h)gy.  and  ereetLd— <jr.  .nd 

the  foundaiJoii^ — *>f  that  9(1.  rid, 

of  which  mine  of  the  uiBt*.ter*b(iilderti  are 
Hir  Wdliam  [larnlltonH^  and  Karit^  and 
f1chl«v  and  8chelling,  and  the  Schlcg^ls, 
and  NovAlb^  and  Jean  Paul  Richter 
And  tills  idea  ha.^  at  laat  taken  |)0&8C<^iufi 
of  the  iiidd  of  jnia^ native  writing— of 
noveU;  rind  h  lea<iing  ha  baek  U*  %htt 
tiitiniate  principles  of  the  art,  which  ar^ 
truth  it««lf^  ill  the  inveatigation  of  tho 
tniG^  with  referenoe  lo  aociety  and  tlie 
bgitiwat^  field  of  the  ! deals.  It  ia  g\  v* 
ing  usl,  instead  of  the  puliag  tmnti* 
mf^iuiifitt-  -if  iho«e  eternal  love-devehip* 
in<  iiomcHientimeQti)  a^id  honc'xt 

ht.',  :  Instead  of  fltden in  pedan- 

try, triJ>  i^<3 — all  ajidenjtood  and 

deojrly  V  1;  instead  of  a  eotiglo- 

merrttion  of  f*MiUfcijtio  bitarrerieft,  Hi  unly 
U>  biiinb^HJifitj  oiK\  and  cant«e  hitti  to 
wondc<r  wliore  he  Ih  atraying,  proAenting 
Hi  with  high  tdchak  of  Iif«,  atHl  f>^intirig 
out  to  u^  the  herolttni  of  doin^  and 
daring*  We  will  not  take  hy|ierittni— 
we  d«iniand  honi^ty.  And  heni<e  our 
love  for  Bcrnardin  d©   St,  Pierre,  find 

lfina.aut^ta6Land  tfRT^'   '-  <  l*v¥i*if, 

and  Uidihirnkh,  aiid  !>>  ^  fhai^-lc- 

eray,  and  Kini'vi..  v  n  1 1 . .  . :  .  .  j le,  and 
f)o*i|>«rr,  and   '  •■*'.     UitkL'ti.*^  rmd 

Thaekcray^  an  ,  ?iMd  Uol  l-^sinth, 

are  univen^iy  mi  ii^t  U<crinf40 

Ui«v  are  faitlifid  i  ou^-hout  ite 

varjonsi  phaae»;  Dw  kt*r  titid  GiHjper  nnd 
Man^imi  we  glory  in  no  ac^otint  of  their 
mtntitia}  and  lUcenei^a  of  deuil^ln  the 
ftre^t  iir  on  the  m;*  thtjy  never  fail  u*; 
Tieck  and  Hawthorne  wnd  Sin^tni  am 
aril«ti<]  to  a  faidt;  while  with  Mi«a 
Hrv»(n4T  and  Han*  Andericcn,  w«  am 
delighted  on  acoooul  of  the  fjuietu«ti  atMl 


396 


NoveU:  their  Meaning  and  Afimon, 


[Oct 


nnwarped  simplicitj  of  their  depiction 
ofj-tilllife. 

80  much  for  the  meaning  of  novels. 
Their  mission,  we  think,  is  palpable 
onongh.  We  spoke,  in  the  introduction, 
of  every  denre  and  proclivity  of  the 
mind  being  the  prediction  of  its  satisfac- 
tion in  literature.  Novels  (wo  think  it 
will,  by  this  time,  be  understood  what 
olas'4  we  mean)  are  the  filling  up  and  the 
satisfying  of  that  in  the  soul  which 
otherwise  would  be  blank  and  vacant. 

And  peculiarly  are  they  the  product 
of  this  nineteenth  era  when  there  is 
siicli  a  fecundity  and  such  an  overflowing 
of  mental  and  psych al  life.  They  are 
one  of  the  "  features"  of  our  age.  We 
know  not  what  we  should  do  without 
them.  And,  indeed,  there  is  a  class  of 
writers  who,  if  they  did  not  develop  in 
this  way,  would  find  no  other  mode  of 
utterance  whatever.  How  eouM  Kings- 
ley  have  written  except  through  "  Alton 
Locke"  and  "Yeast?"  What  vehicle 
could  Dickens  have  found  for  the  com- 
mimication  of  just  his  class  of  ideas  but 
that  of  *' Nicholas  Nickleby,"  of  "David 
Oopperfield,"  or  of  "Hard  Times?" 
How  could  Thackeray  have  given  us  his 
pictures  of  society,  but  through  the 
c/imera  obtcura  of  "Vanity  Fair"  and 
"  Pendennis,"  and  "The  Newcomes?" 

But  still  they  (novels)  are  not  the 
wliole  of  literature.  Assuredly  not  I  no 
more  than  sauce  piquanU  makes  a  din- 
ner, or  the  hours  we  spend  in  jocularity 
and  abandon  a  life.  They  are  didactic ; 
but  it  is  philosophy  wearing  a  smiling 
face,  and  holding  ont  a  winning  invita- 
tion. They  are  the  UtUe  clothed  in  the 
giirb  of  the  Dulce,  And  in  this  dulcet 
lUHnner,  they  touch  human  consciousness 


at  every  possible  point  They  have  al 
ready  absorbed  every  field  of  interest. 
As  pictures  of  life,  and  as  developmenta 
of  the  passions,  they  have  almost  entirely 
superseded  the  drama;  while  eyerysul*- 
ject  of  interest,  every  principle  of  sci- 
ence, of  art,  of  politics,  of  religion,  finds 
a  graceful  appredater  and  interpreter 
through  the  popular  novel. 

So  that,  do  you  wish  to  instruct,  to 
convince,  to  please?  Write  a  novel  1 
Have  you  a  system  of  religion  or  politics 
or  manners  or  social  life  to  inculcate? 
Write  a  novel  I  Would  you  have  the 
"  world  "  split  its  sides  with  laughter,  or 
set  all  the  damsels  in  the  land  a-bn^akiDg 
their  hearts?  Write  a  norell  Would 
you  lay  bare  the  secret  workings  of  tout 
own  heart,,  or  have  you  a  friend  to  whom 
you  would  render  that  office!  Write  a 
novel!  Have  you  "fidlen  out" — got 
into  a  consqnabulation  with  your  wiib 
(as  an  English  baronet,  a  ftjnous  no- 
velist, did),  and  are  you  &in  to  give  her 
a  public  castigation  (as  the  En^lah  ba- 
ronet desired)?  Write  a  novel  1  (The 
English  baronet  did  so.)  Or,  on  tbo 
other  hand,  should  any  wife  feel  tike 
Oaudleising  and  retaliating  on  her  hus- 
band? Again  we  say,  write  a  novel  I 
(By  the  way,  the  baronet-novelist's  lady 
did  so,  also.)  Have  you  any  tit-bits 
of  wit  or  humor — any  morceaux  of  fan 
or  frolic — any  "insight"  into  art  or  es- 
thetics ?  Why,  write  a  novel  I  Do  you 
wish  to  create  a  sensation?  Write  a 
novel  I  And,  lastly,  not  least,  but  lofti* 
est,  would  yon  make  (magnum  et  vene- 
rabile  nomen!) — would  you  make  mo- 
ney? Then,  in  Pluto^s  and  MammoQ*s 
name !  write  a  novel  I 


isai.] 


a» 


A     DAT    ON    THE     DANUBE. 


Jm,  «b«o  I  WM  r&pp«4  CI  lit  of  the 
tmnSrimhU  bod  of  Uie  ^£^e  London^  in 

dorC  finir  iiill«s  from  the  cit>\  wlierg  ttro 
lAiftobiia  ftcttmers  lie.  lu  Any  othef 
plM^  I  Abaiikl  ha  ire  Ihh7{i  diipusud  to 
Mp  to  tlia  ihi^eu;  but  I  hud  ^nt  ho  out 
of  |iititfic«  wiUi  dte  little  afjDo^'unces  of 
thft  Aiuojmn  d«Lp<itLam,  tlmt  I  wtia  will* 
llf  Ui  leaT#  i(  OQ  the  Oral  ocoa^iua.  Tli@ 
dsj  bdSor»i  iJiey  hsd  kept  m«  waiting  & 
^oopte  of  lioura,  ftt  the  rMilioQ-offioef  to 
fft  toy  {Nutffiari  rettirrittiJ^  aJaiig  with  a 
^MiJndMiM  or  permiMian  to  ije(>&r^ 
wticb  •tarrbcidy  rnti^t  have  befgre  bo 
oa  i{iii&.  Tkuji,  yuur  out-gi>iriiff  us  well 
MfOttr  iBHXvmLiig,  \n  noted  by  Uit»  |>oUoe, 
AM  oA«  f«iU  A>*  if  hU  every  ^tep  b«€am6 
Am  iiili«ot  of  a  writ(«u  cJescriptinn.  It 
wMid  liAVA  beto  wli«r,  ptfrli»t»»,  to  re- 
imIb;  Ibr  1  had  &ot  half  ^^n  tL^  city, 
nd  tiro  dosMi  tuttseumH,  with  fiftj  o? 
B0V*  piotiiiMttlJenes,  wertt  bit  ta  my 
Adomtloii,  But  oue  do«i  tfet  lo  weftry 
«r  pwidtof  thoM  long  hilld  to  look  At 
fAMlfiifi  Aiid  euriodtic^  whldi  he  (ma- 
IM  racul  dT«  minutes  &f^r  tber  ftro  ont 

Tbt  tS^ftiDboAt  we  found  ra>^£  flilli^  up 
willt  jKiWAngtri,  tud  when  it  was  oom* 
piilityfail^A  ocKDpAny  of  Aoldien  niards- 
#d  oa  btiAfd,  u>  be  tr&n^fi^mHl  to  •ome 
^liae  «p  tite  Hter.  Piior  tt^llowit  \  (bey 
wm  A  tarry  ^looking  ftot,  and  I  could  not 
Mb  l^&nc  t^«iti  m  thi^y  took  bive  of 
i^mt  mitm^  eod  ooitj|iatitouaf  chieiy 
VQAAMip  wUb  tOAti  in  their  vyee.  A  few 
ef  tlMntf  bcTWOTer,  who  had  Mvod  a 
kpnlMT  or  two,  to  jmy  tiits  eipen^i*,  car* 
fltd  tbiir  damiMli  with  thoin,  and  in 
ttet  my  iDAiuiged  to  tfpi-ead  the  leaira- 
laUmm  •»  the  greater  nort  of  the  day 
Md  vm  DAit  aight  Booie  lAt  tii  tlie 
•fcallAr  yf  lb*  smoke-pi  pe.  And  ate  black 
Innl  And  dmrtk    wim-    witL  iL  kind  <jf 

toead  aad  ir  re*  leid 

down  [n  the  ^  ti  their 

fioAka  drawn  «im|{ij  tjrei'  them  And  their 
JAiWOritM  ;  and  several  tioupicrfl  pfimd^ 
Xbm  fftmx  d«*ck^  arm  in  arni,  or  €lo>Ne]y. 
aabraosd,  while  tliotr  \\\)%  ev«r  a»(l  annUf 
OMAA  timtlivr  wiU)  a  imiiu^k  ilmt  bad 
tke  vbola  beart  in  it  LaUsr  in  die  diiy, 
aad  aa  li»e  etanli^  i,  I  4aw  one 

falt^  leasing  a^u  H'i»lhou««f  iu 

tba  t4ffMlarMt  htif^  wvi  Mf>,  and 

■I-  nevi?- 

,«.  ,i;aet,  Of, 


tbay  maiAUdned  iMr  i 
Ikonrvi  m  I  warn  tu 


for  ftQght  I  know,  till  the  neit  morning. 
It  t<hou1d  be  abided,  to  prevent  miHlaJcots 
UiAt  these  wumati  were  not  of  a  bejiuty 
or  obarm  of  personal  appearance  to  ren- 
der theee  proceedings  at  all  aggravating 
to  the  apeotator,  even  though  far  from 
home. 

For  eome  miles,  after  leaHng  Kmss- 
dorf,  the  Danube  is  without  mtemt^  for 
the  shorea  are  H at,  and  that  morn i tig 
suuh  objeota  a»  there  might  else  hav^ 
been  to  see,  were  quite  enveloped  in 
mist.  Yet  an  enthnaia^tic  old  AiL^trian, 
witJi  grey  beard  and  grey  motustaolkew 
who  had  taken  a  likrnjtc  ^  lu^,  at  the 
break  fan  t  table,  beoau^  I  ^hai^ed  a  glaAn 
of  hij*  detestable  Auatrian  wine  wjihoal 
making  a  wry  faci*^  went  into  mpttif^!i 
over  a  Bne  old  cai^tle,  which  he  e^lbd 
Greifetiateinf  and  which  he  «aid  wm  ht 
named  b«canse  a  grilf^n  had  k<ft  tht^  Im- 
print of  its  olawe  optm  tJie  liard  r<^k. 
tie  farther  awnred  me  that  it  was  higidy 
Intereiiting,  because  my  countryman, 
Richard  OcBitr  de  Lton,  had  once  been 
im prisoned  within  ita  walls.  Bnt  his 
good  opinion  of  me  wafl  evidently  ohill- 
edt  when  I  replied,  flnitly,  that  1  had  not 
the  honur  of  being  a  oountryman  of  the 
aforesaid  Richard ;  ieoondly,  that  it  waa 
doubtf^  whether  lie  had  ever  been  in 
priion  there;  and,  thirdly,  that  I  rotdd 
not  iee  the  first  stone  of  the  audU%  on 
aecx^iunt  of  the  rain.  It  would  have  tieen 
more  gratifying  to  share  in  hi«i  rapturi^ 
tluin  in  hiJi  win^;  but  bow  could  J,  under 
ttie  cjrdumtit&noeMf  As  a  conij^ennaiion^ 
however,  when  he  had  gone  a  Uttla  fnr* 
th«r^  I  did  contrive  to  get  a  glim^ne  of  a 
haif^tinislied,  and,  thvrufore^  half* ruined 
old  Aiiguitine  monft;Nterv,  nainei)  KIttA* 
ierneubergi  and  t  admiretl  it  arr>ordingU\ 
dim  and  ihadowy  aa  it  aeemml  tti  thtf  disi- 

(Anoe;  but  tJda  wa?*  t-^*  ^ l'^i  lor  rny 

fHtndf  who  alao  b^  I  %hmM 

beUevA  In  a  wond^!:  .  :. :.4:b  perpe- 
trated tliiAr««  iomo  iijc  hundred  yeArt 
Afo*  The  Margravine  Agnes  it  appeati^ 
desired  to  build  a  holy  hoofio  In  thi^^e 
regions  aoinewltc^re,,  but  could  not  k^d 
preeiaely  where,  when  a  sudden  wind 
carried  oflf  bur  vdl^  and  took  it  to  \msrf% 
unknown.  Nino  y«.*arB  afWrwardjt,  Iver 
huribaud,  huuLing  in  the  fonmt,  dlsotivei^ 
ed  tlie  identical  voil    '  '         ''  ' 

bn»<b^  ioand  and  wh' 

lost,  iu  ^pite  of  th«  "^v  ^rA.- 

tare,  and  tkat  fact  h  i  m  a  ^nre 

IndicAtion  of  tba  ^^  ■       ,..x\«t^.  «a  \£i 


^98 


A  Day  on  the  Danube, 


[Oct 


\\w  spot  oil  which  iho  inonasterj  Bhould 
\i^  built.  It  wjLs,  therefore,  erected,  or 
rather  partly  erected,  tlierc,  and  we  ad- 
mired wliat  was  lett  of  it  through  the 
Illicit. 

It  was  not  until  we  reached  Kleins, 
"frtMions  for  its-  mustard  and  giin- 
iv^wdor,"  said  my  Austrian  cicerone, 
tliat  ihe  clouds  bn«ke  away,  giving  him 
a  chance  to  add,  ^^and  yonder  is  Stein, 
with  its  fine  old  churches?,  thougli  they 
are  now  turned  into  salt  magazines.^'  I 
Avas  glad  to  see  it  clear,  for  the  river 
here  draws  the  great  rocky  hills  to  its 
hanks,  producing  a  succession  of  the 
boldest  and  most  picturesque  views  in 
the  world.  I  had  nothing  to  do  for 
hours  but  utter  exclamations  of  wonder 
and  di'light  at  the  various  scenes  which 
opened  upon  us.  For  mile«  upon  miles, 
tiie  lotly  crags  each  crowned  with  some 
b'oken  castle  or  convent^  rise  ahnost 
<r.rectly  out  of  the  wat<;r,  which  frets 
and  dtishes  around  their  bases,  as  if  it 
desired  to  shake  them  down  into  its 
angry  tide.  Qunint  little  villages  nestle 
in  the  valleys  between  them,  or  seem  as 
if  striving  to  climb  the  rough  slopes, 
while  here  and  there  patches  of  vineyard 
straggle  along  the  natural  terraces,  or 
chisj)  the  very  tops  of  the  hills.  At  one 
j>la'"e,  great  fissures  had  been  cut,  appa- 
renrly  by  desCAinding  streams,  iu  the 
granite,  which  bristled  above  in  a  hun- 
dred sharp  pinnacles,  or  stretched  away, 
like  a  battlemeuted  wall,  from  the 
"Walter's  edge,  to  the  dark  fir  woods  in 
which  they  were  lost.  **How  wild, 
liow  grand,"  said  I,  to  the  infinite  de- 
light of  a  group  of  natives,  who  had 
gathered  about  me  as  if  on  purpose  to 
sec  what  eficct  the  scenery  would  have 
iil)on  a  forei^rner.  '*Ah  Gott,  yes,"  they 
replied  in  chorus;  "and  see,  oh  heavens, 
there  is  old  DQrrenstein  I" 

This  Durrcnstein,  or  Hardstone,  as  we 
should  say,  is  an  immense  donjon  keep, 
the  remairjs  of  a  castle,  i)erched  on  the 
summit  of  a  high  ridge  of  rock,  and  well 
defended  by  solid  masses  of  masonry,  but 
without  a  tree  or  shrub  near  it,  which 
gives  it  a  look  of  stern  desolation.  "  A 
majestic  ruin,"  remarked  a  German  stu- 
dent at  my  elbow,  "and  the  more  interest- 
ing, because  it  was  beneath  that  window 
tliere  to  tlie  right,  that  Blondel,  the 
favorite  minstrel,  played  to  Richard 
Cisur  de  Lion,  during  his  imprisou- 
ment." 

'*Ahl"aaid  I;  "my  impression  was, 
that  the  DarrensteiD  where  Richard  is 
Mid  to  hAvo  been  imprisoned,  was  a 


oastle  of  that  name  on  the  fr<«ntier  of 
Styria,  near  the  old  town  of  Frei.xachf 
where  he  was  arrested." 

"  Not  at  all,"  he  resumed;  **  it  is  all  a 
mistake;  the  old  chroniclers  make  it 
clear  that  he  was  imprisoned  at  Tym- 
stein,  which  is  the  andoui  spelling  of 
DurreiLstein,  and  this  is  the  place." 

But  as  we  approached  another  ruin, 
the  castle  of  Spitz,  our  conversation  was 
broken  otf  by  tjiis  new  object  of  remark. 
It  was  not  so  massive  as  the  last,  though 
equally  impressive,  because  it  leads  the 
way  to  a  kind  of  palisade,  which  extends 
along  both  sides  of  the  river,  over- 
looking the  other  rocks,  and  is  fitly 
named  the  DeviPs  Wall.  At  the  other 
end  of  it  is  the  castle  of  Aggstein,  sitting 
on  the  top  of  a  conical  crag,  while  the 
village  of  Klein- Aggbach  lies  crouching 
at  the  foot,  like  a  flock  of  sheep  watched 
by  a  grim  and  liearded  giant.  A  drcnit- 
ous'path,  numerously  guarded  by  bridges 
and  gates,  winds  up  the  several  decli- 
vities from  the  town  to  the  ruin.  How 
the  poor  i)eoph^  of  the  valley  ever  dis- 
lodged the  reckless  old  robbers  who  once 
inhabited  the  heights,  is  a  wonder ;  and 
they  never  did  so  honestly;  but,  as  the 
tradition  goes,  they  onlv  captured  them 
at  last  by  stealJi.  A  fellow  named 
Schreckenwald,  a  veritable  terror  of  the 
woods  and  consummate  marauder,  was 
one  of  the  most  famous  possessors  of  the 
castle,  in  the  good  old  knightly  times; 
and  when  he  died,  he  lefk  it  to  a  wor- 
thy follower,  named  Hadmar,  whose  fel- 
lows were  called  the  "Hounds."  He 
robbed  at  will,  and  whenever  his 
enemies  banded  together  and  came  to 
take  him,  ho  rolled  huge  stones  down 
upon  their  heads,  until  they  were  all 
killed,  or  if  any  of  them  chanced  to 
remain  alive,  he  plunged  them  after- 
wards headlong  through  a  certain  trap- 
door, seven  hundred  feet  down,  to  his 
"bed  of  roses,"  as  the  old  joker  face- 
tiously termed  the  stony  debris  below. 
But  once  upon  a  time  a  merchant  Rudi- 
ger  set  a  bait  for  him  which  took.  He 
despatched  a  vessel,  apparently  laden 
with  rich  goods,  past  the  stronghold  of  , 
the  peremptory  knight,  and  no  sooner 
was  it  seen,  than  the  alarm-trumpets 
were  blown,  and  Had  mar  and  his 
Hounds  rushed  down  upon  the  prey. 
But  the  bark,  alas  for  them  1  carried,  like 
the  Trojan  horse,  thirty  or  forty  lusty 
fighters  in  its  belly,  who  seized  the 
invaders  before  they  were  aware,  mod 
sent  them  to  "kingdom  oome.". 

This  story  I  translated  oat  of  the 


IBM.] 


A  Bay  on  the  Danubt^ 


who  was  sker.ching  tVnm 


at  I  Lu 


fl  io«  hai  #1  p*tLll  deepL^r  iu- 


U*r<9aL      It  Win  I  hi*  Hcifiii  <»f'  **iUi  ut  ihid  ' 

^litTcially  mti-irtii^ting  to  you  as  tin  Kti- 
^Uahim%ti.  it  WnH  Ii6n>  ttint  RtilKJid 
C*wr  di*  Lion  wm  iiupriNfjiiefl,  on  hU  r«- 
r:m  fr.  Ill   the  I  My  Liiiid,  uml   I  hat  hb 

lo  wHft  rerotfiijaed" 

'•.  tSiiit  yijung  kdy  tliougUt  me 

tVjr  i  LHJtild  not  iiclp  liitiiifUinjf 

'id  my  iuiiKiruHl  GLTiujit*, 

\  'i»  n  i>t  iH>  u  ritv  *  1 1  i  t?  Qi  p  iig  Ji 

t        .:      ;     (.juafly  The  grtmuds  t>f  my 

til    n.ii.:r^;.     Hut  1  told  iier,  &i  well  as  I 

kC*.m;i|    [^jt   f  ti'-i   -u-.'-.rk    rUnr  tjioriiinjjr 

l!;.-,'    ill"  \i^    whild 

uy  rvd  I  'Wii    !  i-U'd  that 

H  Wft»  ot   a   1  ■'  'V.    ;  I   .-,  trailed  Tnftjll, 

_gll«&     ll»e     friTtoir-     -ij.  jKRiy    of     Bluljd«l 

n^  oC      *^0r|'-  I  coftUQueil,  ant   to 

ti*h  ht'f  iHu*i«n  (entirely,  'Mi«  might 

t^^  iinpnj^tied  iti  a.  duztiii  pltK-ati, 

i*  -r    iitiKM,   liko    my  excellent 

1  ]  Tarring,    whoso   virtuouji 

:  1  Ota  hiivo  loade  lihit  »c!- 
i^ry  jail  iu  Eurof*,  whilo 

VI  uj«  iiirH*iiN  iimtncti  and  tjowriii  from 
vblcb  lili  ardent  pati  iotUtn  hiu  cauaud 
liiiB  la  Im  banished.'' 

*^Ah  !^  she  <?xclaini0d,  Htniliuj^,  ^'  bavo 
Jtoii  Man  narri»!  ha  la  a  noble  man ;  how 
#9ald  b^wriM*  aacb  an  aboaivo  odo  about 
MfgnodGudOier 

Bui  ilia  otJi)  vent  aud  nitDLvl  ea^tte  of 
8eb4^t)1Ui^I,  tbe  mftgnirlfTont  palace- like 
auorairt  of  Mulk,  the  batdometited  tow* 
mw  oi  Wdderi'^rk,  jiliiiited  on  tlia  bara 
pifilM,  1^1*  '  orari^ai  PeciblirOf 

w]ll<^  «re  . '  LxMed«  diverted  our 

■llmtkio  frcikj  tr^c  aLH€itw!iiot)  of  Earring^ 
ittd  it  WM  not  lung  tt«fon>  my  a«nia* 
Ha  jmng  ■•  'u  was  in  the  inid^t 

of  a  fvrie^  '  n«(,  fWnn  the  Niebe- 

ltti^g«fi  Pt:;,  .  . -M^-^"  "f  t^'*.'  ride  of 
i9tif^U4  HwWji!r^  w  I  bh  gal- 

liof  tri^ft  brought  ib<  o  of  Etjeel 

f4nila)  alnri^  Um  rii^Hit  [>nrjk  of  tla* 
Itottbo,  from  pjiytfLu  tu  ViL^una.  I'h45 
miks  bofualjr  old  Qi»rmaa  tftraitiA  rolled 
fimil  liar  trnixtr**  wlt^t  n  niri*cTtne««  that  I 
kad  narer  i  tu,  and  1 

»aa  ainaoi^^  the  Qar> 

KtQ  «othii  \i  m!*c*  thti  [H)«^m 

la  a  laval  v^  ul  nnd  thoildyMiey. 

WbaA  ebtt  mujH 

vWab  tall  v^]. 


kilDa^.. 


*rtJ VII  \ lilt- j;iJ"'^*ri  Ji  1  '■ 


...iJ'ri), 


and  their  ractptbn  by  Uie  wife  of  Radi- 
ger* 

**  Dt#  V^tiitvr  mu  (lea  UHtiern  uih  imji  olTctt  tUhn 
Die  Hunt  m  BcetUfcrcci  die  Witr  &tir|t«thiui, 
I>ft  rtll4n  ela  die  tiailc*  4^e  m^ii  vlnt  g:omi«  mJi, 


Hk  ftidlffina  Ttichter  raU  Ihrvm  Gitilndn  ^XXkg 
Pm  Stodt*  «il1«  K4iU^n  vie]  luEuuli^ieli  einpAnr* 
I>m  ftiir  Hueli  Ibre  lfali«r,  dvi  If  Arkf riven  Wnlto, 
MU  Pct^  v»r  fofraMct  Atluilier  ^iiiiffr«utii 
Ley. 

ak  Umim^  iieii  M  ilea  Hladtn^  Had  fliigui  te- 

din  a 
Id  elnf  m  P«t»ft,  elD«a  rratMDt  dtr  Vftr  vid  ir«ttl 

Da  die  Da&4iie  i^ninter  bin  Aqu 

a^  i«M«a  Bu  dtn  Lar ten  and  batten  Kitrtw«tlc 


It  was  qttite  iflspiriiig  to  bear  the 
Hieb«lungeu  repeated,  by  pretty  lips, 
Bmldii  the  very  sceoeis  to  whieh  ita  old 
epb  inoidenti  are  referred,  and  J  could 
have  listened  tlie  wbole  afternmm,  but 
the  objecia  of  etnotion  follow  each  other 
so  rapidly  on  the  Danube,  ibat  one  baa 
not  mora  tban  a  inotneDi  to  spare  to  any 
one  of  them.  We  had  scuTDely  left  Peek- 
tarn  before  tbe  German  Aindeut,  to  whoui 
I  have  referred,  dl  fee  ted  our  attention  to 
the  little  vitUgie  of  Marback,  and  above 
it^  on  a  bill,  to  the  twi>  t4:»wef9  of  tba^ 
church  of  Maria  Jb/Vrf,  a  noted  pf  jgrim 
snrincp  Tbi»  cbureu  was  bnilt,  some  two 
uonturiej  ainee,  on  Uie  idt^  of  a  iiaored 
old  oak,  omamanied  bj  an  imagta  of  the 
Virgia^  to  wbieb  tbo  p«iaaatry  ware  ao- 
ou»ti>med  to  gathar  to  offer  up  prayen 
for  an  abundant  banratt,  and  to  eat  a 
kind  of  rdigioiif  lova-fcoat.  la  tho 
ooufge  of  ttma^  the  oak  daoijad,  and  a 
country  man  was  abi^nt  ti>  cut  it  down, 
but  lit)  vMl  ofl'  bis  leg  Inffietul,  when  tha 
lma|j^  bei^au  to  upeak  with  him^  obidtng 
him  tor  hU  flacrilagioua  aiL%  but  healing 
his  woumi,  at  tbeAanie  time,  by  way  of 
recotiipn^\  Ever  sinoo,  the  cliureb  bai 
been  the  gual  of  a  h^rgt?  yearly  pilgrhn* 
age — fitty,  and  iomatitnaa  one  bond  red. 
thousand  dovotoee  riaitinur  it  in  tha 
coan«o  of  tilt*  month  of  Hnfitemher.  "  I 
baveaeen,"9aid  tht?  tiiudont,  "^^thou^aodi 
upon  tbooAatida  a^aetnbleil  itn  the  hill,  at 
one  til  no,  moit  of  them  from  Austria 
and  Bavaria,  but  itoine  from  Italy  and 
^ven  diatatit  Frano**  and  J^jmln.  A  more 
imiK»*ing  siffJ.  ::i(iinHd.    Tlie 

varied  and  li  f  the  difier- 

eUt    grOUpH,  rtH    im  V  uav,ii*r«i    iti    procv^' 

mhm;    tlivir  rnd«  encamptnonta  ta    tbe 
«dgif9  of  the  woihLi  ^Iwtt^  ^'QvoARk  «ie% 


400 


A  Day  on  the  Danube. 


[Oct 


busy  in  preparing  meals ;  the  rio)i  voices 
of  the  peasants,  mingling  in  some  fine  me- 
lody (not  always  sacred),  which  is  echo- 
ed back  from  the  cliffs  and  precipices ; 
the  broad  river  in  the  foreground ;  the 
waving  corn-valleys  and  vineyards  be- 
tween, and  the  remote  mowy  ranges  of 
the  Styrian  Alps — Dachstein,  Otscher, 
Schneeberg — conspire  to  lend  a  singular 
cncliantment  to  the  spectacle.  One 
loathes  the  superstition  which  is  the  oc- 
casion of  it — he  pities  the  poor  creatures 
who  have  wandered  so  far  from  their 
homes  to  engage  in  a  fruitless  and  de- 
baaing  rite — but  still  one  admires,  too, 
the  beautiful  accompaniments!" 

Turning  to  me,  he  added,  "But  jou 
have  something  similar  in  your  country, 
— in  the  Uamp  Meetings  of  your  Metho- 
dists, as  I  have  read  ? "  to  which  I  re- 
sponded, "  No,  these  gatherings  are  simple 
encampments  for  worship  in  the  woods, 
without  the  picturesque  dresses  and 
music,  without  the  poetry,  and  I  trust 
without  the  superstition, — thus  leaving 
out  both  the  best  and  the  worst  parts  of 
your  display." 

These  Wall/ahrten^  or  pilgrimages 
are  common  all  over  the  continent, — 
and  are  made  in  France,  to  the  shrines 
at  St.Eloi,  Marseilles  and  Puy, — in  Spain, 
to  St.  James  of  Compostella  (see  Southey^s 
poems), — in  Switzerland,  to  our  Lady  of 
JEinsedeln, — in  Styria,  to  Maria  Zell, — in 
Bohemia,  to  St.  John  of  Nepomuc,  and 
in  Ireland,  it  is  said,  to  Crow  Patric. 
Each  shrine  has  some  romantic  legend 
connected  with  it,  and  is  the  means  of 
drawing  considerable  revenue  into  the 
church,  while  it  is  more  than  hinted  that 
the  most  astonishing  miracles  continue 
to  be  performed,  especially  when  some 
votive  offering  of  rare  value  is  laid  upon 
the  altar. 

"It  would  be  dreadful  to  me,"  inter- 
posed the  hoary  Austrian  in  the  midst 
of  my  reflections,  "to  be  compelled  to  live 
in  America,  where  life  must  be  so  dry, 
hard,  practical,  without  the  endearing 
remembrances  of  our  past,  or  the  deep, 
rich,  many-colored  experiences  of  our 
present,  where,  indeed,  you  have  the 
barrenness  of  a  laborious  youth  without 
its  fresh  and  living  verdure  of  imagina- 
tion !  Ah,  how  different,"  he  continued, 
turning  to  the  student,  "  in  our  Germany, 
-whose  every  city,  building,  rock,wood  and 
Mil  is  venerable  with  the  lore  and  deposits 
of  antiquity!  These  piles  of  stone,  beaati- 
fnl  even  in  their  rude  and  moss-grown 
dilapidation,  wliich  the  lightnings  of 
joeDtmiea    have     toppled    down    and 


shivered,  point  us  back  to  the  glories  of 
tlie  imperial  rule,  to  the  splendors  of 
chivalry,  to  epochs  of  mighty  develop- 
,ments  and  renowned  events,  to  charac- 
ters as  strong  and  rugged  as  the  rocks 
they  trod,  and  &s  true  as  the  steel  they 
unsheathed  only  in  the  cause  of  woman 
and  Grod!  Nor  was  religion  then  a  super- 
stition, as  some  call  it,  but  an  ever-living 
sense  of  the  Invisible,  which  spread  the 
outward  memorials  of  his  existence 
everywhere,  in  the  loneliness  of  the 
forest,  in  caves  and  grottoes,  in  the 
crowds  of  the  market  place,  along  high- 
ways and  bridges,  as  well  as  amid  the 
pomps  and  grandeurs  of  the  cathedraL 
It  is  easy  enough,  in  these  days,  to  make 
a  jest  and  a  mockery  of  the  pious  usages  uf 
our  fathers ;  but  to  them  they  were  a 
profound  and  earnest  life,  full  of  the 
sweetest  consolations  and  the  most  in- 
spiring hopes.  Those  legends  of  monks 
and  devils,  those  simple  hvmns,  those 
crucifixes  at  the  roadside,  those  images 
of  the  Holy  Virgin  on  trees  and  house- 
hold altars,  were  not  only  the  poetry  of 
their  exi.stence,  but  its  solid  food  &nd 
nutriment.  Nor  in  the  substitution  of 
trade,  politics,  travel  and  revolution,  lor 
these  simple,  but  hearty  religious  faiths, 
have  your  modem  people  gained  mudi 
either  for  the  soul  or  the  mind." 

This  speech,  which  seemed  to  be 
thrown  down  as  a  challenge  to  the  sta- 
dent,  was  immediately  taken  up,  and  in 
less  than  ten  minutes,  he  and  the  old 
man  were  in  hot  dispute  as  to  the  compa- 
rative merits  of  the  ancients  and 
moderns,  the  catholics  and  protestants, 
faith  and  science.  I  can  not  say  that  I 
wholly  comprehended  it,  but  the  stu- 
dent, I  believe,  contended  that  there  was 
more  poetry  in  truth  than  in  error,  and 
that  the  most  unlimited  popular  freedom, 
both  religious  and  political,  was  not  in- 
consistent with  the  deepest  reverence 
or  the  holiest  emotions  of  love,  gratitude, 
faith  and  devotion. 

"The  time  will  come,  if  it  is  not 
already,"  he  exclaimed,  with  a  fine  en- 
thusiasm, "  when  science  itself  will  make 
known  to  us  a  structure  of  society  of 
which  all  previous  conditions  of  society 
have  been  but  the  faintest  expectation  and 
prophecy ;  when  tlie  virtues  and  acc<im- 
plishments  of  the  different  ages  and  na- 
tions of  the  past  shall  be  revived  and 
combined  in  all  mankind;  when  the 
glorious  arts  of  Greece,  purified  and  ele- 
vated by  the  deen-toned  piety  of  the 
middle  a^  and  directed  .by  the  ener- 
getic acuon  of  America,  shall  be  a  com- 


18$4.J 


A  Z^y  on  thi  Danube, 


401 


mon  wmmmho ;  when  ifae  lowliest  man 
riial]  lodge  tnon)  attuipttiou?^]j,  And  be 
MinMllMWd  Uy  111  oris  it|i[>UfLtic^^  of  in  let- 
ItetOil  and  ujurjil  aDJoynairit  ihan  Ihts 
fcitk*»t  ooUUity  now*^  ami  whtfn  ttiO 
n>f  uur  ra45o»  eumtjtiJjJoU^cl  I  rum  tiie 
QxUm^  t>f  toil  Aiid  iitMXj!«fiiiy^  Bbt&Il 
4«fOte  i(ik  e&dre  activities  tu  thio  r^i^a- 
tJoQ  irf  it«  ide«l  of  exc^lli^oe  In  every 

*' Ah !"  inttfmiffk^*!  the  AoHrifta,  **bat 
Ihmt  will  be  III  be4ivea!'^ 

*•  Yc*,"  C5antiu^i^<i  the  slodent,  **  tnthe 
Imatob  which  nmp  will  tnjike  for  bim< 
Mtl^  Qiidiir  GixJf  oil  tJiiii  round  griH»u 
ittitk^  whowj  everj  fcgony,  and  groan, 
nil  bloody  iweat,  has  beeo  a  elep  intb« 
liroQMi  of  h«r  divine  redemption!'' 

Thuft  ttindt^rtt,  by  l\m»  wuy^  was  a  cha^ 
fV'U^r,  Afl  I  found  on  turUier  converea* 
lM»n  with  bim.  He  waa  taU  and  thi[L, 
witli  bng,  euriiri^  blaak  hairn,  which  fell 
frfrm  hh  Qa,p  Uy  his  ulioujderd,  had  a 
bnghi  fliMy  «79,  and  a  faoo  «9^nflllf» 
€f  idinfM  Bhiiulii'ity  and  earnaitoag*. 
Itl«  droftB  '    imimly  of  a  long 

fioan  tmrui  v\  fastened  round  tlitj 

wabt  by  a  Imlhvf  belt,  high  top  btxilt^ 
a  broad  iilart^ccillmr,  turned  c^ver  without 
ft  O'At^st,  a  GaDvad»-big^  which  hun^  at 
004  iMk,  and  an  old  muoh  worn  guit&r, 
pii|Mfi«I«d  at  tlj«  otljt»f .  ^'  If  A  bin  ^n 
PickUr  (1  arn  a  [H>et)'*  ^Id  ho  to  me^  in 
fwfilj  t^  a  cru<^tmn^  '''ar^d  am  wandering 
oTcr  the  r&thi'fiatid  to  se^  ita  pocipb 
nd  aeatiory.  Aob  Qoit^  wtmt  a  beatiti- 
lUland  It  K  gloria >ns  in  mountafoa  and 
ftvini — a»d  liucb  noble  men  and 
HHttiii  I  Om  Aniorioa  bo  half  ao  beau- 
tiflilorfoodr 

Wttliooi,  howeTOTf  givbfg  me  time  to 
npl/,  W  pollod  a  tinali  package  of  manu- 
•eripCa  oni  of  hb  bag,  and  said,  '"  Theao 
ar#  my  ftoetm^  r«ad  them ;  thuy  arc  fin«, 
^tt  of  the  true  neuttrrt^nt,  aod  [  bof>e 
iooii  to  ICO  to  rA.4|)«ii^  til  got  th<3rn  pub- 
]Uii4.**  The  cramped  German  Liind  in 
wlildl  tliey  w^^re  written  Lfxikt»d  for- 
WdiBf  to  m«— ^  i[ti7hT«  in  that  chirtv 
gtifihjr — ^^  I  aNk«4l  him  U>  repeat  loma 
iifui«iiit  which  wimld  be  Wtter,  Htrmight- 
waj  bit  iin*tning  hiA  goiter,  and  Hunv%  In 
ataa^  mtoklj  ^^v%^  lo  a  ftkilfui  Atv^jm- 
BMlwiint^  tavoral  Atmini,  whicb  Wi^ro^ 

nidifod,  aA  ha  aiiiJ.  full  t^rf  •v4hntll]uvtiL  niul, 

m  I  fimd^ 

not  uijr«-*WM»  ft  uttrnng,  mmrilttl  air,  mud 
Uia  worda  ran,  a«  noarl/  m  I  ooo  rooall 
tlwniiiiilikwbo:- 


WUdlr  wiving  a  b«iua«r  n^d, 

JU  tHr  i»olalitrf*«  1>««4  irvnt  trklttDf  pw|| 

With  f^lUaB  dront  ftod  Iriuui^t  blwit— 


"  Ooiaft  fortb, 
Who  toatUe  ^ 
Dois*«t«avt 


nM  fljitl  k  flimk  ta  hli  fMt  il«ep ; 
Tbe  teeoQd  roll  id  a  dUDgeob  de«p ; 
Tlie  jophbuI,  voandetl^  irrilbai  iJi  pais ; 

Ah  I   b€  WlU  DCTtf  Vklk  lifftiD  1 

"^  Wlut  reeka  U!"  uld  llial  moll)#r  irvf — 
^■^rbaJT  uiae  and  mint  (Hall  live  for  ajp ; 

Th«ir  ^^Hofttt  rk»r  fsn^crliuid  ai^d  right, 

Add  0«d  aeeet^ta  m/  wlitDir'i  silte,** 

It  waa  a  bold  strain  for  the  AuRirlan 

domhilons,  htit  on  a  Unkd  a  ri^ht  to  donbl 
whether  th*i>ld  Mronjflitild  of  Frien-*ieia, 
which  we  were  Uien  fm^tng,  and  wbiob 
had  li^teiii^d  to  many  a  bolder  ono  \n  (he 
dayB  of  iu  robbur-knighta,  wotiid  echo  it 
bock  to  the  ear»  of  Uio  Kaia^ff,  or  Itk 
8pie^  at  Vienna.  I  was  dii^posed  to 
gmp|>l«  tbu  Mtudotit  tfi  my  hcaft,  for  I 
found  that  Wi*  hi*d  rupublican  aympatluea 
to  cacbangt\  and  tnutiiaS  republicjiu  ai^pi- 
rations  for   (iorm&ny   to    indul|C(f*     Wo 

Suitv  for^t  tha  fair  aoooory  In  tbo  en- 
loaiasm  of  our  talk,  relating,  on  hia 
pan,  to  the  hopon  of  the  liborals  In  £u^ 
rope,  and,  oti  tnino,  to  oooBtfional  remi- 
nisoonoea  of  Koisntb^  whooi  I  bad  iOiQ 
In  New  Tork« 

When  we  liad  finished  our  talk,  whloh 
seemed  to  us  more  putcful  and  iplrit- 
od  than  the  small  bottle  of  Awta^w 
by  wiiif^h  it  hiul  been  motsteiicd,  thi 
moon  WIU4  glrmiDering  through  tb«i  treaa 
of  a  wild  gorge  into  wldeh  th^  «t«AJiitf 
s#i»mod  abuui  to  ponotnite  by  foroe. 
There  wan  a  Honsation  porociptible  on  dock, 
t<jo,  wblch  indicated  that  we  were  ne«r 
»gme  eliciting  |t»C4ihty.  I  found  that  wo 
wero  up proaoli  i  ng  th  e  Strmitt  au  d  Wi  tM^  ' 
■i  a  rapid  iind  whlHjXKil,  fcirmtH]  by  the 
passaga  of  tho  rivor  over  fttmkcn  n>oka 
between  an  btand  and  tbu  toiuu  iiuid,  aro 
rtsapeotivoly  oallod,  It  wa*  fornicrly  a 
daug«roui  paAHige,  but  tho  rocbi  havo 
ninoa  b4S«Ji  |partly  removifd^  and  ihv  iiur* 
rent  U  <Him|iaratlv<jly  t*m<MPth»  Tho 
mplda  of  tho  St.  Iji  wrencc  aro  a  tlsouaand 
tiinei  more  fonnidablc?^  hut  th(»  iconery, 
on  all  i»l*loes  wbat  can  !»ur|iitiiH  tfiatV 
The  high  rt^oky  i^Iand^  AunnouotiHl  by 
the  watchtijwor  of  a  dilipidutifd  rofiiJc, 
and  a  bugo  ftoue  oruoidix— tbi!  hoary, 
nio«f-O0T«red  to  war  of  [juisroofftoin^tho 
•wift  oddjring  tlftaiti — iha  il]tUQlnat«i 


402 


A  Day  on  ih$  Danube. 


[OoL 


shores — ^fille^  the  imagination  with 
awe  and  rapture.  It  was  such  a  scene 
as  1  liad  never  before  looked  upon — wild, 
grand,  inyHterious,  full  of  the  gigantic 
Btrength  and  rnggedness  of  the  middle 
ages,  but  softened  into  a  varying  grace 
by  the  mild  splendor  of  the  moon,  now 
bhimmering  over  the  water,  and  now 
dancing  in  a  thousand  sparkles  among 
the  trees.  Yet,  as  we  advanced,  the 
stream  narrowed,  the  mountains,  on  both 
sides  grew  niore  precipitous,  the  ruins 
more  frequent,  and  the  whole  prospect 
more  wild.  The  current  appears  to  have 
broken  its  way  through  a  mountain  of 
granite,  for  the  rocks  rise  sliecr  out  of 
the  water,  here  and  there  feathered  with 
forests,  and  everywhere  seemingly  car- 
ried up  still  closer  to  the  sky  by  the 
structures  which  man  has  raised  for  wor- 
ship or  defence.  Around  the  points  of 
the  bleak  rocks  the  river  roars  and  foams, 
towns  are  crushed  into  the  silence  of 
death  between  the  gorges,  and  the 
steamer,  as  she  forces  her  way  among 
the  cliffs,  seems  some  newborn  monster, 
come  to  drive  away  the  elves  and  cobolds 
with  which  the  earlier  fancy  of  our  race 
peopled  regions  like  '  these.  We  were 
kept  upon  deck,  by  the  fascination  of  the 
scene,  until  a  late  hour  of  the  night, 
nor  wore  the  weird  stories  of  the 
Black  Monk,  who  has  haunted  these  hills 
since  the  eleventh  century,  as  narrated 
by  the  German  lady,  a  small  part  of  the 
cbarin.  Even  after  I  had  retired,  too,  I 
could  still  hear  the  strings  of  the  stu- 
dent^s  guitar  faintly  rufQing  the  air  with 
its  low  melodies,  while  his  voice  gave 
forth,  in  a  strange,  half-startled,  half- 
plaintive  tone,  the  following  legend  of 
one  of  the  crumbling  ruins : — 

On  WeUanicht*8  rocky  borders, 

An  ancient  castle  stands, 
Which  glances  In  the  moonli^t, 

Far  over  the  neighboring  lands. 

A  deep  and  rapid  river 

Aroand  its' basement  raves; 
Tou  hear  for  many  a  ftirlong 

The  roar  of  its  angry  waves. 

There,  from  earliest  ages, 

Oft  in  the  qolet  night, 
Ifysterioas  music  awalcens 

A  ravishing,  wild  delight. 

Who  seelcs  that  hoary  castle  f 

Who  treads  Its  silent  halls? 
A  captain  and  his  trainbands 

Have  come  to  watch  on  th« 


Th«  captain.  In  his  chamber, 
Has  laid  him  down  to  rest— 

The  pallid  aoonbeams  bathtng 
EiM  tkC9  Aod  hJf  bMTlng  bnart. 


**  What  means,**  he  cries,  "  that 
Those  strains  so  heavenly  clear  Y 
Who  comes  in  the  midnight  watebM, 
To  greet  my  slumber  here?*' 

Alas  I  the  tone  that  lures  thee 
Plays  one  thou  doot  not  know  I 

Behold  it  dancing  and  dipping 
Down  in  the  flood  below  1 

■^It  bears  me— the  sweet  cadence— 
On  wings  to  my  native  land ; 
Where  sits  my  beloved— the  dear  oat 
Why  wrings  she  so  her  hand?" 

Well  might  she  sit  there  weeping, 

Knew  she  thy  fate  forlorn ; 
For  thou  on  those  airy  pinions. 

To  quite  other  land  art  borne  1 

**  Oh,  Joy  I'*  exclaims  the  sleeper, 
"  What  soothing  balm  is  this  ? 
I  dream  that  from  gloomy  oerementi 
I  rise  to  a  realm  of  bliss  !** 

Ah,  no  I  It  is  not  dreaming, 
Thou  brave  young  Swedish  knight; 

Thy  soul,  in  the  moon*s  pale  gliaiinflr« 
Is  taking  its  final  flight ! 

The  mnsic  sinks  Into  sQenee, 

Its  fatal  work  Is  done ; 
The  river,  through  the  darkneM, 

Goes  rushing  and  roaring  on  I 

In  the  morning  we  found  onrselyes 
fastened  to  the  wharf  at  Linz,  tlie  ci^ita] 
city  of  Upper  Austria,  lying  in  an  ex- 
quisitely beautiful  region  near  the  oel^ 
brated  Salzkammergut,  and  as  I  proposed 
to  stop  there,  the  old  Austrian,  in  taking 
leave,  kissed  me  on  the  right  cheek  and 
the  left,  the  student  warmly  pressed  me 
to  liis  breast,  and  the  young  lady, 
shaking  my  hand,  asked  me  to  visit  her 
and  her  parents,  who  lived  at  Andemaoh, 
on  the  Khine.  I  was  grateful  to  them 
for  all  these  tokens  of  interest,  except 
the  kisses,  which,  coming  from  the 
bearded  mouth  of  an  old  fellow  that 
might  easily  have  been  my  grandfather, 
and  whose  pipe,  just  removed  from  his 
lips,  was  evidently  as  venerable  as  him- 
self,  would  have  been  pleasanter  from 
another  source  that  I  thought  of^  bnt 
will  not  name ! 

Whom  should  I  meet,  as  the  first  person 
on  landing,  but  Bison,  that  veritable 
Great  Western,  puffing  away  at  a  tawny 
meerschaum,  while  he  gave  directions  to 
a  courier  about  the  destination  of  hb 
luggage.  "To  the  Bother  Srebi,^'  he 
ghonted,  with  the  air  of  an  English 
milord,  and  catching  me  by  the  arm, 
hnrried  me  off  to  the  Oaet-itOde  of  that 
excellent  inn.  He  had  Jnst  returned  frwn 


tU4.] 


A  Da^  tm  the  I>unubi, 


40i 


Uiij*^  ealli**!,  wliiUier  fie  htid  gouts  nfter 
lib  reinttrkublc  *3sca|i«  frtyia  ttits  t^oiititci*.!* 
Aod  hvr  hu^biLUil  At  ViJnrm.  **  An  In- 
ttritctipifi  p\ivf4»  Ui  vl«if/*  h«  r*>rnarfcetl;  i\a 
W*  gin  miietiv  #eJiro<i  At  a  trout  Ivronk- 
(aM  in  tlti  rcsU'jritiil  of  the  iCe^  Crah, 
"  wiih  pl^jrity  of  old  (itjurdie*^  n  catho- 
dml,  a   1*11  lace,  Ji  iown4irnjao,  and  tlic? 

day  h%  itispooting  the  iiiitrumonts  with 
whtch  our  aneestctrs,  in  the  ^<md  old 
lftiie*v  ^Ttiired  thdr  felU>w-dtiKt3iis* 
Thpjr  wetT  m  a  chnniber  an  ih©  ground- 
di)or  of  tji«  Rutbhauf,  which  I  take  1 1 
tii«aus  4  ham  AD  mt-tnap.  Wu  crawled, 
b^  i\w  Imhi  of  a  Ian  tar  D,  iliruugh  a 
^»mp  ii^rriiw  Ti-nlt,  opfinrng  on  each  side 
mto  a  ierloA  of  gloom j  ecll?^  till  wo 
fnachcc]  a  broad  a[»anTiieti^  natn<?d  tlie 
Tnrtnrt*  Chaiu^j^^r  At  the  d<>ijr  wasj  a 
b^snch,  tm  wldr.h  the  pii^-in^r  waa 
til  ■  '  '  -Jt  while  his  aminble  friend* 
wi  ^ig  the  pec  tit  ill  r  iniichiht^rT 

of  :.vi(i.  No  diiiibt  bu  waa  kiutf^ 

ly  [n  n;  .  !  t<»  fsboiHe  H hlcb  line  of  the 
iuftrsi  tj  >|itt-  tio  wroultl  pr^^for  Nin^  put 
ti>  m\rb€i  than  dts^tli  npnu,  Thcr«  wna 
the  *'  lanJtsd  hare**  {<f^  fj€*fiiekU  ilwisr), 
fur  |Qj»mnc6,  a  li^ip^  rotk'r  armed  with 
*pUfi¥**ori  widch  be  cmild  l>e  ilrHwn  back 
iiMJ  fart! I  b)r  innanji  of  a  w^itidli^^^  nt  *fim 
•nd;  Of.  tburtj  was  the  '^^bad  Bi«4^y" 
(ttie  Mtniirntu^  Li^fJ),  an  iiuttivt^so 
irionjrlM  ttf  wood,  on  wbicli  hiJ^  art  us  or 
h^  '  '  '  atrotel^od  frun^  hin  body: 
or,  r(5  Wit*  the  ^^  Maidcu*»  htp'' 

(</«r  .f^j/j^c  r././rfi  hf>tt),  u  blj^Tt  iinrj-cbmr, 
niUi  a  cii»biMn  of  t^inki.*^  aw  wbirh  hi.i 
ljjf,*f.t  -f  XX  itji  liQjivv  Wt'ijtjht-M  hill  1^51 1  j>{ 
fr<'  or  a  aoiL'u  ot!ji?r  ^iruilur 

oo[l:., ,    ail    jiiEjl    iiA    fact*tjuu-ij 

natn^.  Whttt  a  p'uhh  sot  th*?y  weri% 
too^  With  all  their  fun,  an  the  gr^^at 
eractfix  abows!  Aud  that  th^  jii^lge^ 
Utight  t}ot  hv  ch^tit*?d  oul  uf  Hie  {H<tialiio4 
Ihty  i>rdt?rod^  a  Hliiipl«3  trolbn^work  only 
Hfparau^l  IhtTni  fn  im  thn  KtiHinror*; 
thttfe  they  couid  ww  every  wrjtbiug 
mxt\  hear  evt^ry  crack  of  iJie  Ikjqi^,  uh 
wi*n  AH  tb*3  »:'Xtorii*d  "'  u ;  nnd 
whvn  they  wurr  <Ioiio  vintim, 

a  irnj*'do«*r  hard  by  dLiini!*M-'^i  loiu  to  tbo 
el*rmtLiǤ!** 

»-vt,.  ./^  -.ftid  I,  "your   narratif©  l» 
^1  M  an  Imlicieiitinn,  no  Irtt  u» 

Uik  >ib.Mit   T.iTi/*;*'     W<!did*o, 

bti !  ^--sled  by  till*  city, 

w)m  ,  ^  tiir«  in  a  beaiiti- 

ftil  irarnc.  iW  Unf  i>nvimii»4j  ^-pvrmllv 
iLo  view  from  a  bill  bi^hind,  on  which 


there  ii  a  ptihlie  garden,  are  exceedingly 
pit^turcMiu^.  The)  oviiflook  tlte  tna^siro 
fort ilioat ions  of  tb*j  town,  and  beyond  nn 
ei!t*nHivo  plam,  throuj^li  which  the 
Danube  wander^  with  [d enfant  villaijc*'* 
at  inU^rvala^  and  in  thti  remoter  distanoe, 
rauge*j  of  &uow-covt?rL*d  peaks.  It  ^va^  irj 
this  plain,  and  among  tho*ie  noiMtMaiu^, 
thill  fbo  bloody  baUk'^s  bMl^vvoii  tb»* 
|>eaftanis  and  their  oppressors  were 
toiight  m  the  year  16i5,  ju^t  a  century 
lal**r  ifjjiu  tile  more  farnou;^  peasjiut-war, 
wJticli  de>Mil»ted  m  Inrgo  a  part  of  Ger- 
many. Fer^dinand  !L»  who  wan  one  of 
those  monarch^  wiio  ^iersnaded  them- 
i^Ive^  that  ii^ubjects  ought  to  ibini;  with 
thekissg,  h,»d  rt?wlv0d  to  exiirmK*  Pro- 
ttifitantl^m  fr inn  bia  eatat^a^  ana  lu^*  tM^ut 
out  hi^army  U*  |H^rfnrm  the  work  of  oc*n* 
ver^rt^n.  His  uli y,  MaxiiniiiRn  of  Bavnrinj 
joined  hitn  in  iho  Hchonie^  and  they  hiid 
ft  fine  huTchery  of  it  l<igvther,  Bnt  after 
a  timij  the  rni'U  ktyai  people  get  tirt^d 
of  bithii;;  kilk^d,  wbieb  wait  the  vmc  with 
th«  |.HMi*aut«i  then,  and  they  umdv  a 
atand  Ag^hii^t  the  slaughter,  under  a 
stalwart  and  wealthy  hatrer,  named 
Fad  i n^r.  They  soon  eluari^d  the  c^ it t it ry 
of  the  troops,  giving  back,  aji  wm  the 
niiit^irn  of  tliotte  day  a,  m  good  m  thar 
hm!  received,  and  leaving  only  a  few  of 
the  fortiticd  townj*,  Linx  anvofig  the  rvAt, 
in  the  posijes-ion  of  the  regulars*  Fadin* 
gitr  wa^  killed  hi  trying  lo  ttike  1  Jnz,  and 
hi*  Kuece^^or  in  i^ouiiuand  aUo  bmlly 
wounded;  and  the  |ioi>r  p<*afiaiktji  Muuld 
have  bei'U  eompfllefl  to  retire  fntm  th« 
flM^  if  II  new  commatuler  hail  not 
afijHj^red  in  tbo  i*bape  of  an  n(iki*own 
bLiM]«?nt.  Ills  name  they  oouUI  not  kiain, 
tutd  hittlory  m  igiiorant  of  it  U>  thi^  day; 
but  h  ■  fni/l.i  llkt^  H  lin-ii;  lit*  drov«  the 
Au»*T:  (rom  ihw  city^ 

ho     I.  .1    Adolpb,    tt*« 

D  like  llo  i  >t*^i  J I ,  at  Vi  eaw  u  u  fo  r  j  he  ranted 
tienerai  iJtidlo  iti  the  forest  of  I'nim ; 
overcjune  Cieneral  Lixlei  <ni  the  W*  Izer- 
Wt'ide,  and  fH^vciraUy  ropnbiHi  tb*'  lie- 
ftieger^  jit  Gmandeu,  Wi'ibom  and  ICtft^r- 
diiif;?,     where     Jie     bad     taken     up     liiii 

I  In  all  thiate  ejogig^tii^nr^  no 

.  ore  eitluif  tikto^or  given  on 

T  the  cartiago  waa  ii^rriblo. 

living  nscrttited  il^  f^vroea 

!<eitu,  the  Htndent  wa^  at 

k.      lie  ru treated,  umkiusf 

:i  ^  iAiirv  liW  ibe  way.  Ur  the 

Ualv'  ideu.  ^vbire  !»*.* 

and    I  preparod  for  a 

final    mlly,      lo    a    ditioiur^i*    w:»ti:h    bw 

pronoumcvd  U>  tliem^^  Im  iulij^u\«A  \^.>wnt: 


404 


The  Famous  Quarries  of  the  World. 


[Oct 


religious  sentiments  to  a  pitch  of  ferocious 
enthuiiiasm ;  then,  singing  their  Luthenin 
hymns,  they  fell  upon  the  Bavarians 
Mrith  impetuous  but  vain  prowess ;  they 
were  repulsed  and  pursued  into  the  very 
streets  of  Gmunden,  being  cut  to  pieces 
at  every  step;  and  from  Gmunden 
chased  to  Wolfeegg,  where  the  brave 
noble  soul  of  the  student  breathed  its 
last.  Many  of  his  followera  were  quar- 
tered alive,  and  their  bo<lies  burned  by 
the  hangman;  but  a  green  hillock  amonff 
the  beautiful  Salzburg  Alps  is  still  pointed 
out  as  the  spot  in  which  they  were 
buried.  Popular  gratitude,  as  embodied 
in  the  popular  tradition,  has  converted 
the  Unknown  into  a  scion  of  nobility,  led 
by  his  sympathies  to  take  part  in  the 
cause  of  the  oppressed ;  but  to  me  the 
story  is  more  impressive,  if  we  consider 
him,  as  by  birth  and  descent,  a  genuine 
son  of  the  people,  willingly  casting  away 


his  life  for  tbem,  without  hope  of  reward 
or  fame. 

In  the  afternoon  we  took  our  reluctant 
leave  of  the  Danube.  It  is  much  the 
noblest  river  in  Europe;  in  size  com- 
parable to  the  great  rivers  of  America, 
the  Ohio,  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  Hud- 
son; and  rich  everywhere  in  historical 
associations.  It  has  floated  the  armies 
of  Triyan ;  it  bore  the  crusaders  in  their 
chivalric  quests ;  Sobieski  and  Montecn- 
culi  fought  on  its  banks;  it  witnessed 
some  of  the  most  brilliant  deeds  of  the 
all-conquering  Napoleon ;  and  it  is  now 
the  centre  of  battle  between  Russia  and 
the  Turks.  As  we  jumped  into  the 
Eilwagen,  on  our  way  to  Salzburg,  I  felt 
like  quoting  the  lines  of  Caini)bell,  writ- 
ten on  quilting  the  grand  old  stream,  but 
I  found  them  too  long,  and  not  remarka- 
ble for  their  local  fldeKty. 


THE  FAMOUS  QUAEEIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


SITUATED  in  a  beautiful  valley,  shut 
in  on  three  sides  by  high  mountains, 
and  open,  on  the  fourth,  to  the  sea,  four 
miles  distant,  is  the  busy  town  of  Car- 
rara. Its  population  of  seven  thousand 
inhabitants  exist  entirely  by  the  employ- 
ment afforded  them  in  the  quarrying  and 
working  of  marble. 

The  town  is  a  cluster  of  studios  and 
workshops.  In  ever  street,  and  in  al- 
most every  house,  can  be  heard  the  clang 
of  hammers  and  the  click  of  chisels,  and 
in  the  studios  can  be  seen  the  finest  ar- 
chitectural and  ornamented  work  ever 
executed  in  marble ;  but  those  of  ideal 
sculpture,  whether  original  or  copies  from 
the  antique,  are  of  an  inferior  quality. 
They  always  lack  a  proper  finish,  and  are 
often  deficient  in  proportions.  The  price 
at  which  they  are  sold  is  an  apology  for 
the  former,  and  ignorance  is  an  excuse  for 
the  latter — ^if  for  ignorance  there  be  any 
excuse.  The  town  is  full  of  fine  casts 
of  the  celebrated  Greek  statues  of  Rome 
and  Florence;  but  it  is  seldom  that  a 
satisfactory  copy  is  produced ;  and  they 
are  often  made  in  marble  of  second  qua- 
lity, while  modem  originals,  that  are  a 
disgrace  to  the  men  who  produce  them, 
are  noade  cnf  the  purest  marble  to  be 
found  in  the  qnanrieBi  on  the  same  prin- 


ciple, perhaps,  that  a  bad  picture  needs  a 
splendid  frame  to  sell  it.  They  are  well 
aware  that  the  poorer  the  work,  the  bet- 
ter must  be  the  marble;  for,  the  first 
thiuff  that  many  moilem  connoisseurs 
speak  of,  in  viewing  a  work  of  sculpture, 
is  the  quality  of  the  marble:  if  pure, 
they  congratulate  the  artist  on  his  io<m- 
derful  success. 

The  government  of  Carrara  has,  for 
many  years,  endeavored  to  improve  her 
citizens  in  taste  and  knowledge  of  tiie 
fine  arts.  They  have  a  free  academy  of 
design,  containing  cast^  of  all  the  most 
celebrated  Greek  statues,  where  artists 
can  study  under  competent  teachers ;  but 
in  the  midst  of  the  most  splendid  models, 
and  enjoying  all  tlie  advantages  of  tui- 
tion, there  is  no  approach  to  the  original 
talent  of  former  ages.  Every  year  there 
is  a  subject  given  out  by  the  council  for 
a  hoe-relief  which  must  be  produced  in 
a  given  time,  without  the  assistance  of 
drawing:*  or  models.  The  students  who 
contend  for  the  prize  are  searched  to  see 
that  they  have  nothing  that  will  assist 
them,  and  locked  into  separate  apart- 
ments, where  tlfty  work  until  the  time  ex- 
pires, when  their  works  are  compared,  and 
the  student  that  evinces  the  most  talent  is 
sent,  fur  three  years,  to  Rome  to  stndj 


IflM.] 


JSf  Fam&m  Qiiarri^  nf  thi  World, 


405 


Id  ll]0  aoA^oin^'  of  St.  Luke^  at  tbe  «i- 
ii^n«4»  of  tist  g^^vernment.  U  in  nh  rang- 
ing til  »P0  the  convcntiritjfllity  thnt  exbU 
ftniAng  th^m ;  tlieir  bat-relti^jh  are  io  nt^flr 
alike,  in  comp<%ttI(iU  aniJ  iti  etnitimeut, 
tlifflt  i»n«  ^iiuM  ^njipoj.0  thoy  were  all 
di>ni5  by  thn  jatr^  nftht,  who  jnnde  flight 
<?hou;jM  in  bi*  tl*?^Jgti.  It  i*  not  alwaya 
tJie  nio'^i  |*-<»niUijr:i;  wtm  who  became^  ibo 
j»t'R«kiiK".r  ;  fiinny  a  pK^r  felliw  h^^  b<*en 
r*jreU?il,  wbo  tifn^rwiirds,  by  hb  gwn 
oxeriioiiii  and  ptfrsevi^runce,  has  become 
eminent^  wUllv  hh  siiccessfol  rival  r©- 
tnjikr**?ij  fur  *Tt-r  In  ob^enrity.  Attrikbg 
InalAnc^  (if  tbia  tact  ia  the  eelebraied 
Fixotb  artUt,  Dciiiruclie,  wlio»  when  ii 
ktodetit  a  I  Varm^  was  nut  tbougrlit  by  the 
I«<wiitHl  I'oimcll  of  tliij  acad<?my  to  Ijave 
tmlfiiit  fimMigb  to  wflrrnnt  bi^  bemg  sent 
t^i  Hornet,  a*  A  pupil  m  tlie  government 
ictdt^iny.  Hb  altein^its  to  accoini>li?*h 
tbfti  obji^ct  all  [vroved  unsiic^^essftil ;  bo 
wjw  njecttjd  with  contornpt  by  men  who 
biire  mnce  f>dd  iiini  Iii;iTiftgie.  He  bos 
ht^Hf  for  many  years,  president  of  the 
(lUtittiUoti  I  hat  wciuld  not  receiye  htm 
wbvD  be  needed  tbolf  aasUtaoce.  Ilia 
traiiic«i3detit  genius  bos  eelipflcd  oli  bia 
iHtDer  rivals  who,  with  every  advantage 
and  f>nri>urag^iu»ut,  htire  goae  down  to 
obb^i'm. 

Of  ibe  maltltodo  i>f  artkU  that  fitodf 
in  thin,  und  in  other  hcbtM>l!i  of  design  In 
ltiily»  very  f«w  are  ever  htiird  of  out  of 
Uieir  own  city.  In  onis  nwrn  *»f  the  Car- 
fim  liip^thiilicin,  are  cnnti.  of  the  b^t 
wor  k  H  it(  j*cul pt<  *ni,  w  1 1 n  liet  \  n  i  ri^d  t  b o  t  r 
fif»t  iikttj  of  art  in  UjIs  s<!b(>ijl  of  tle^ign. 
They  n re  few  in  nmnhtiry  and  one  remh 
thi»  nanie^  of  rnnut  of  their  anthor«  for 
th*  Bmt  time;  amon^'  tbtm,  bow  ever,  I 
«w  tlie  name  of  Tenerani,  who  h  »Ull 
Qrlug  at  Home,  and  wlioie  name  be* 
kfiAt  vrjih  tbojse  of  the  greAt  men  of 

Jn  tome  of  the  itadlo^  T  vkited,  th^y 
i|jp«Ar«d  to  l)e  workini;^  for  thn  Ammoin 
market  They  were  tiianufnctnring  all 
kiodii  of  bndU  of  Wae^hftigtim,  eic^^i^t 
iHiih  m  would  be  crfn^idered  frtithfnl  like- 
MMc<;  and  In  atioth^r,  they  had  bu^tn 
tmd  •iattjctte*  of  Franklin  in  every  itat« 
tut  Uie  finbhed^  and  tliat  Htat«  tbey 
•temed  t'>  have  no  acqiiAlDUn<>0  wttb.  I 
•let  a  Kentlvman  there  who  tiad  botight 
■  bti^t  of  Washington  that  be  wbbcd  my 
OfAaien  *>(.  I  gave  it ;  I  did  not  tlititk 
It  well  done,  nor  '    '  '    hcnm  ac- 

ocirdieie  to  ihft  ft  \J^,    Ha 

fifilipd:   ""Wliat  ..,^{>cl   for 

mil  A  piie/tV    1  hh  love  for 

WiilkliifU%  bQl  1  u..,..  .u  U  for  art 


Be  (^uhl  nnt  a!R>rd  to  get  a  good  bk#- 
nem,  «o  he  gt>t  a  ba^l  one. 

The  ornaniental  branch  of  flctilptnre  la 
miieh  more  ei tensive  and  snocessifiih  In 
that  dqmrttnent  they  hare  few  eqtiala. 
Nearly  all  the  ore  amen  lal  work  lor  ar- 
ch i  tee  in  re  that  ia  cal!ed  for  in  Enrojx', 
and  &lm  many  of  the  f^>uril4iin3,  and  all 
tbe  garden  statuary,  ia  exeoutefl  in  tbiM 
vast  niaDiifactf>ry.  While  at  Grand 
Gairo,  Egypt,  1  eaw  a  large  and  costly 
fountain  in  the  villu  of  the  Paatia,  at 
Shoobrtti  tbat  I  r^'Oiignijfied  at  onee  as  the 
Corrara  work.  Upon  inqtjirv  1  wa^  iti- 
formed  that  the  fountain  n,na  the  l!oor 
of  the  great  moftqnew  now  building  in 
tbe  Citadel,  wer©  mad©  at  Oarrara. 

The  qnarrytng  of  ibis  world-renown- 
ed marble  h  quite  another  thing  from 
working  it  in  a  quitt  atadio.  Ta 
have  a  jost  imprecsion  of  tbe  immenae 
labor  and  danger  that  attend  it,  one 
tbonld  visit  ihe  caves  in  a  week  day, 
when  everything  h  in  operation.  The 
path  frtna.  Oarrarn  to  the  qnarne^  lioa 
beaide  the  lorrent  Tor&no,  which  flowa 
through  i  Tillage  of  the  f^me  name; 
ofler  paMng  the  village  yon  enter  iho 
fine  g*.^r^t%  partly  artificial,  between  the 
Monie  Greu tola  and  ihe  Poggio  Bilvef- 
tfo,  when  you  reach  the  anurnes  of 
0reiito1a  and  Oaveila.  Tli**  irirtner  iiup- 
plies  the  be^t  statuary  marble  m  ibo 
world.  Til  ere  arc  upward  of  two  hun- 
dred quarries  that  are  now  work  eel,  hut 
ont  of  tXm  numlNjr  there  are  bnl  tivi^  or 
all  that  yield  the  flivt  quality  or  atatna- 
ry  marble. 

Even  tbe^e  aomeiimefl  produce  no- 
thing but  second  quality  matble  for 
months.  The  itatuary  marble  from 
the  Grcstola  ouarry  is  superior  to  all 
other;!  in  liardnoiis^,  transpareney,  and 
delicacy  of  tini^  which  brings  it  mnch  in 
demand  for  nude  »*trnne^.  it  \»  often 
tofj  tran» parent  for  a  p<irfrait  bust,  or 
for  small  works ;  bul»  ft»r  ideal  buata  and 
fetatnea  it  it  uiipiurpa^ed. 

Sori»e  of  lite  other  qnarrlea  torn  out 
marble  of  goi(d  qnahiy;  Muy^  ift^nurally 
lea*  transparent,  it  Is  hvlter  suircd  t*i 
b«>-relief  »euipture,  and  •tatiu'ttt»*,  a«  too 
great  trarinjiwirency  di-st roy*  th**  f"*r**^  nf 
fight  and    Miade   whine    th^  •a 

doUraiii.     Tt  will  al!  take  a  j 


rled  ten 
r*nrv  - 
all  > 
ihati     ^ 


406 


The  Famous  Quarries  of  the   World. 


[Oct 


close-grained  stone,  not  very  transpa- 
rent, and  admirably  adapted  f9r  small 
work».  Tlie  vein  ii»,  unfortunately, 
worked  out,  but  they  hope  to  strike  an- 
other in  the  course  of  time.  iSome 
years  ago,  the  Emporur  of  Russia  got 
the  lease  of  the  quarry  for  a  given  time, 
for  tiie  purpose  of  getting  out  marble 
for  a  church ;  before  his  lease  expired, 
he  had  succeeded  in  exhausting  the  vein 
of  all  tliat  wus  suitable  for  sculpture. 
What  little  there  is  Kft  in  the  hands  of 
tho  marble  dealers,  readily  sells  at  four 
duli.trs  a  cubic  palm,  wluch  is  a  large 
price  when  the  blocks  are  small. 

The  Hrandon  quarry  of  Vermont  pro- 
duces marble  that  bears  a  close  resem- 
blance to  the  Serevezza,  but  the  former 
is  a  stratified  stone,  that  renders  it  unfit 
for  statuary.  By  going  deei>er  into  the 
quarry  they  will  find  tho  marble  free 
froiri  this  objection. 

The  best  quality  of  veined  marble 
found  in  tho  quanies  of  Carrara,  is  the 
*'  Ilavaz7A>ne."  The  cave  is  three  miles 
further  up  the  ravine,  under  **  Monte 
Sjigro."  This  portion  of  the  quarry 
district  is  most  picturesque;  the  view 
from  the  summit  is  extensive  and  grand. 
On  the  one  side  is  seen  the  U^wn  of 
**  Massa  "  and  the  Mediterranean  Sea — 
on  the  other,  a  range  of  lofty  moun- 
tains, with  warm  grey  peaks,  tliat  give 
evidence  of  inexhaustible  mines  of  mar- 
ble. 

The  quarries  are  always  dug  into  the 
face  of  the  mountain,  often  at  a  height 
of  fifteen  hundred  feet  above  the  valley, 
and  four  th()ij>and  feet  above  the  sea. 
They  commence  the  quarry  by  bla-^ting 
otf  the  discolored  and  broken  surface  of 
tho  rock,  until  the  sound  marble  is 
reached,  which  is  cut  into  blocks — 
drawn  to  tho  mouth  of  the  cave,  and 
launched  into  the  valley  beneath. 

While  there  the  l.'ist  time  I  saw  a 
quarry  that  was  opened  a  few  days 
previous  to  my  visit.  They  drilled  to 
the  depth  of  thirty-two  feet,  at  an  angle 
of  forty  degrees,  into  the  face  of  the 
mountain,  after  which  they  inserted  a 
copper  tube,  and  poured  through  it  a 
large  quantity  of  diluted  muriatic  acid, 
which  decomposed  the  marble,  until  the 
bottom  of  the  cavity  was  of  immense 
size,  they  then  charged  it,  with  seven 
hundred  pounds  of  powder,  which  threw 
off  the  whole  face  of  the  clitf.  Thou- 
sands of  tons  of  refuse  marble,  slid  in- 
to the  gorge  beneath.  Such  operations 
are  not  of  an  frequent  occurrence,  and  it 
is  the  naoet  reasonable  thing  tliey  do,  far 


they  are  far  behind  the  age  in  all  the 
facilities  afforded  by  mechanics. 

I  am  sure  that  those  quarries,  in  the 
hands  of  American  or  English  directors, 
would  produce  double  the  quantity  of 
marble,  with  one  fourth  the  labor  and 
expense.  I  have  been  over  the  grounds 
many  times,  and  I  see  nothing  to  i)revent 
the  construction  of  a  railroad  from  the 
"  Marina"  to  the  farthest  quarry.  The 
ascent  is  gradual,  and  the  distance  only 
eight  miles.  Such  an  improvement 
would  reduce  the  price  of  marble  at  least 
one-third.  The  blocks  that  now  reoaire 
two  weeks'  time  and  from  fifty  to  an  non- 
dred  head  of  cattle  to  move  them,  could 
be  taken  to  the  shipping  place  in  a  few 
hours. 

There  might  also  be  some  means  de- 
vised of  getting  the  marble  from  the 
cove  into  the  valley,  without  such  lose 
of  material  as  they  are  now  liable  to. 
The  last  time  that  t  visited  tho  quarries 
I  was  accompanied  by  an  English  sculp- 
tor, who  had  never  seen  them  before. 
His  astonishment  at  their  Cyclopean 
operations  was  amusing.  We  stood  on  a 
high  jutting  rock  that  overlooked  tlie  ra- 
vine for  miles.  Some  distance  below  us 
they  were  throwing  the  marble  from  a 
cave,  high  up  the  face  of  the  mountiun, 
into  the  gorge,  a  thousand  feet  beneath. 
I  pointed  it  out  to  tny  companion,  who 
replied  that  he  could  see  nothing  but 
some  small  fragments  rolling  down. 
The  transparent  atm(>sphere,  ]»ecidiar  to 
that  country,  had  deceived  him  with  re- 
gard to  the  distance.  lie  had  been  ac- 
customed to  looking  through  a  JL^ndon 
fog;  but  when  he  heard  the  thunder  that 
their  fall  causes,  rumbling  through  the 
valley,  ho  exclaimed,  **  Truly  this  is  a 
fearful  place."  Upon  returning,  we 
passed  some  of  the  blocks  we  had  seen 
coming  down  the  mountain.  One  of 
them  1  measured,  and  found  it  would 
weigh  over  fifty  tons.  The  first  fall  that 
it  made  was  from  a  ledge  upwards  of  an 
hundred  feet  high ;  it  then  struck  an  in- 
cline, and  bounded  until  it  reached  the 
lowest  point  of  the  ravine — a  depth  of 
nine  hundred  feet — nor  did  it  stop  then, 
but  rebounded  and  landed  sixty  feet 
higher  on  the  oppos'ite  side  of  the  gorge. 
It  was  of  course  much  bruised  and  bro- 
ken, and  its  value  greatly  diminislied. 
If  such  blocks  wore  squared  in  the  quarry 
and  slid  down  an  inclined  plane  into  the 
valley,  by  machinery,  they  would  more 
than  pay  tor  the  extra  e^^pense  of  doing 
it,  and  in  any  but  an  Italian  country  it 
would  be  done. 


1854.] 


The  Famous  Quarries  of  the  World, 


407 


Tiles  for  floors  aro  wrouj^lit  in  tho 
ca%'es)  und  hro-i^ht  down  the  niL'ged 
patht  by  the  wuincn  who  aro  employed 
in  the  qnarrie;*.  They  inako  abont  nix 
journoy>  a  day,  carrying  each  time  from 
fifty  to  >evcnty  ])oiuuU  of  marble  uptm 
tlivir  lie.id.4.  For  thiti  lahoriouM  work 
tliey  rtK^eive  ono  Tuscan  paul,  or  ten  and 
a  half  ctfntd  per  day. 

There  are  no  labor-^iaving  machines 
amoni;  them.  It  was  only  year  buforo 
larit  tlia;  tho}'  hud  any  means  of  sliipping 
tlie  marble,  but  to  take  it  from  a  sandy 
lK*acli.  wiili  a  flat  boat,  to  the  ve<sel, 
which  was  comiHslled  to  lie  at  a  distance 
on  iirconnt  of  shoal  water.  In  August, 
1802,  an  Kn;;lisli  marble  dealer  budt  a 
pier,  on  his  own  account,  which  the 
Ifiiians  h»ok  upon  as  a  new  era  in  the 
business,  and  probably  the  Gratid  Duke 
of  Tn!*catiy  tliought  the  marble  woidd 
get  out  of  I  he  country  too  easily,  for  soon 
after  that  he  levicil  a  tax  upon  every 
priund  I  if  marble  that  is  exported.  It  is 
ni»w  all  weighed  with  steelyards,  for 
thev  have  no  i«loa  of  scales,  where  cart 
■n.f  all  can  be  wei;;hed  without  unloiul- 
iu;;.  Til  is  process  is  as  slow  as  it  is  la- 
b«irioh<,  and  greatly  adds  to  the  first 
citit  of  the  marble. 

J  aoked  a  gentleman  who  has  an  inter- 
est in  the  quirries  tiiere,  why  he  did  not 
try  to  introduce  some  iinprovemi.Mits 
among  thvm;  lor  instaixrc,  tiie  iMfthud 
We  empl'»y  for  splitting  rooks  of  ^'ranite, 
ternuMl  the  **  feaiht-r  and  wedge" — a  pro- 
ce--  t^Hi  -iniph;  to  require  more  than  a 
»inirK'  iieinoii«tration. 

lie  ri'piliMl  tiiat  he  had  tri«^d  to  cn- 
li^h'en  tih-m  in  various  ways,  iMit  tound 
it  was  of  no  u-^e  ;  that  they  oould  or 
W(»uM  nil'  rMniptehend  anuhiui;  that 
W.I-  n-i:  manual  labor.  Such,  1  awi  con- 
fiilen*,  i<  ihf  ca>e,  from  what  I  know  <if 
Itaian  c'iara"tcr,  aud  their  laws  aro 
Midi  Jis  f«'rhi«l  the  empliynirnL  of  any 
Uiior-aviuL'  maciiine«».  There  is  not  a 
«teaiM-enL'iiie  in  Central  Italy.  All  ilie 
board'4  and  tiinbiT  usi'<i  tor  buiMitig  and 
otiii-r  jMirpoM-*  a'-e  sawe«l  by  harul. 

I  hnve  -ieen  nearly  all  the  ipiarries  of 
mirb.e  in  thf  w.irld,  and  I  am  sure  that 
hone  of  tlieni  are,  «»r  have  be«*n,  worked 
to  *:u''i  a  (li'-advantagy  as  tlie  quarries  of 
Car.'ara. 

Till-  I*enl«lic  qimrry,  in  (fr4'ere,  and 
ai-o  tha'  id'  the  famoiH  Taros,  Wt-ro 
w<irki'<]  wi  h  the  gn-atC't  economy  ami 
kn«rAledi;o  of  the  material.  The  caves 
tii  this  day  pi  duly  «how  it.  The  former 
furniHhefl  the  marble  for  the  Parthenon, 
tud  fur  many  other  temples  of  At  liens, 


pomo  of  which  arc  still  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation,  havini:  resi>ied  the  ele- 
ments for  more  than  two  thousan<l  years. 
Such  woubl  hardly  be  the  case,  had  the 
marble  been  blasted  from  the  miarry 
with  guniM)wder.  Previous  to  1C87,  the 
Turks  ha<l  ]K)sse.<si(m  of  tho  Acropolis, 
winch  was  even  then,  usetl  as  a  fortress. 
They  had  long  been  in  tho  habit  of  hew- 
ing their  cannon  balls  from  the  marblt) 
of  the  temples;  the  Parthenon,  with  the 
exception  of  wiiat  it  had  sntfered  from 
their  depredations,  was  ]>erfect.  Time 
was  Willi nir  to  spare  it,  for  the  wonder 
and  adtniration  of  ages  to  come,  but  tho 
destroyer's  hand  was  against  it.  It  was 
besiege<l  in  the  above  year  by  the  Vene- 
tian army,  under  command  of  Morro^ini, 
when  a  l>omb->hell  fell  through  it«)  nH)f, 
causing  the  expK)sion  of  a  magazine,  that 
hurled  its  proud  columns  to  the  earth, 
and  scattered  its  glorious  sculptures  to 
the  winds. 

Tho  ipiarry  of  Paros,  that  produced  tho 
Parian  marble,  is,  in  one  ro'^pect,  unlike 
all  others.  It  was  commenced  at  the  top 
of  the  mountain,  which  formed  a  vast; 
pit,  from  which  the  marble  was  raised  to 
the  surface;  it  had  not  been  worked  for 
twelve  ceniurie-',  when  tho  French  Oo- 
vernment,  in  1^40,  got  permi>*icm  to 
<]uarry  marble  enou^xh  for  the  tomt)  of 
Napoleon  at  Paris.  The  marble  is  known 
by  its  coarse  grantdation,  exhi luting, 
wiien  broken,  shining  sparry  crystals. 
It  is  usually  »»f  a  war.n,  and  M»metime?^of 
a  pinky  hue.  that  probably  rna«le  it  a 
favorite  marbhr  with  the  ancients  tor 
ntnlo  statues — the  Ap  'Ho  HrlviiK-re,  the 
Venus  di  Meilicis,  and  many  otln  r  of 
the  celebrMte<l  statue^,  are  njade  of  it^ 

The  bl«iik>  lro:n  tiicse  «|uarrii'H  wero 
n«-ver  of  larg.'  >i/.e;  p:-«»bably  the  largest 
blt)ck  ot'  statuary  tu.irhle  ever  got  out, 
wa-i  the  one  ns.'d  tor  the  group  known 
as  the  Fa:-ne<ie  Bull  now  in  the  museum 
at  Nafiles. 

While  la<t  at  Carrara,  I  saw  the  largest 
bloi'k  evi-r  L'<»t  out  ot'  tlnjse  (juarries.  Ic 
wa^  fn-e  from  vein-*  »ir  defects  of  any 
kin<l,  an»l  niea^ur-  d  twelve  hundred  an<l 
thirty  lieui-e^e  palms,  nr  more  than  one 
thoiH'iiid  cubic  lei-t,  and  wa-  valued  }it 
eight  tlio'isand  dtillars.  Ir  had  not  then 
nndi-rgone  the  periU  of  an  avalan.he, 
which  will  more  p.iHti^ely  ilei-itle  is 
value.  When  con-iilered  a-  a  ju'iri-u^ 
stone,  it  U  of  large  >i/e,  but,  when  view  e«l 
alone,  a^  a  stone,  it  woidd  ni-t  be  n«»*ieed 
by  the  Mde  of  many  ot"  the  proiiuct^  of 
the  ancient  ijiiarrie^  «ir'  K^'vpt.  The  obe- 
lisks, some  oi  which  have  been  carrl^ 


•flit 


pat^' 


tfi^ 


^>^-*r:vr^^t;r>?;^^4'''''' 


^v«*!!V?^V!^c.<^:\»^ 


CO.-'" 


"n.^-i;'""^--,^,^--.^'- 


^...^^\,^''\  x^\^ 


i:tn^ 


'A 


..w 


vv**    ^Mi*-"      t\>a^    neA  *    AoV^"- 


1S54.1 


A  Trip  from  Chiku^ihta  to  the  Sierra  Madn. 


409 


I 

I 


I 


I' 


dh#  Arontier  of  Souor^,  fur  ih^  {iiiri>0!ie 

■ .  i^itini  Dg  of  Fi'bnmry  wo  were 
rL  Th«  jtmrtivy,  m  fur  05 
1  M*f  the  rnml  wtiij]*l  allow  it^ 

•'  ►'■-—   '   If  hen  by  Dun 

-baek,  wa*  to 
to  »oe  whL^thor  the  m&i 
I. J  w&rti  u«  in  GM»b  of 
1  »tH.'4  nut  «ay  that  wu  wer6 
WTw*«]>  Two  pairs  of  dACA  rttvoU 
▼m,  twii  il  ( HI  111  f-kir  rolled  aljot  gnn%  And 
unc  rifle,  all  rcmly  im  iu>o,  were  in  our 
larfiiiiv*  AT}  J  a  rillc»  tiud  [mr  of  pbtols 

TltlimAn  '        '      v^'llmerir^MlreputA- 
^oe  of  gr*.  arj<J  much  exp^ 

1  ?.Mii    Ni   rnii  i\m\y  UtLl^  wars 
thit  Indiiins  of'  w  hie  1 1  rhla  tx»njitry 
h  t&#  thcflirt\     Wtien  n  I  my,  Ive  was  a 
amijtig  the  Apflt:hL"*,  who  killed 
inYu^t  Hui]    brother^   whiEu  h<j  was 
'  W^mio  ft  fftvorit^  of 
.  jc,  Jit  thftl  time  the  most 
ftt'  f ]..-!'  -iv  i-j.-.     Gome^ 
hhii    lil'^riv.   i',[i.|    bn>U|cht 
'  cy  to  ili«j  ijtnilu merits  in 
1  of  tho  city*  and  when 
rrit^ncUy  Advioetiow 
•f  agmn  ftUiii^  m 

I :  '  him^  ^iief«r  go  od  Ih^ 

tuu^  L'j'  njwivsi  >!oma  hnmlred  stvps 
id4if  of  it ;  fur  near  tho  roud  the  Apai^ 
eb«i  arij  hiddi^ii  and  will  kill  yon.**  To 
iitfi,  Iii_»niinirii#<  wa^  an  mnch  am  an  o^Ciirt 
of  ton  man.  Ha  wnnld  huvc  jtulTcirod 
Umgialf  til  be  iM3a]ped  altv«  bofMru  hn 
ironld  havt}  tleiterM  oa  in  a  rnomt*nt  uf 
danictTr.  U%  wan  ■§  good-njitiirLnl  a^  n 
cliiJ  1,  wli^rh,  ft3  he*  if  a  man  of  a  cciIo*i?ial 
"roiic*,  iniikrs  ft  vi^'fy 


ternhir  c\,ivi 
It 


lirtAiii 
is' 

t  «mf«  with 
wcmpiM  nioro 
tJiijt-*_  anil   ha* 


At  t\n3  ^!no  time 

I  1 09 n  per  ami  an  co* 

atiri  hh  drill iintio 

■    ,s 

r^,  t?i  vii.psihy 

.oil   III  many 

1'iH    lw:H?n 

V  wvvttral 

.  narrow 


escape.  Aa  he  knows  that  l^ncir  makm 
hhn  inadf  ho  uov«r  touohts  mvzeul  nor 
agimdiwte,  nor  brnndy  nor  whiKky, 
and^  as  the  reader  me&,  is  alt4r»gethar  to 
bo  reconimeniU!*!  as  a  gtiid©  to  nny 
tmv't*lltir  in  the  north  of  Meslix), 

We  Ivfl  Chshuahna  the  ufterntMin  of 
the  Sd  11  f  Fehnrary,  t^kina  the  rtmd  to 
the  littb  town  of  Hiintii  \  mbel»  distant 
about  jlQ  zudes  south  by  w@!it  from  th« 
capital  I m m^iattly  ontui do  of  th e  cl ty, 
the  wildernein  bagtna.  Leaving  the 
bold  and  bare  stimmit  of  the  Oeiro 
O  ran  do  to  th^  left,  and  the  rm^ky  gton 
of  A  wild  TnouutAin  torrent  of  cryata1liD# 
water  to  th©  right,  the  road  leada  orer 
pocks  o(  tMjrphyry  and  seattered  fbg- 
ment«  of  Da^tilt,  and  through  deep  or- 
rat^m  or  ravin i*a,  tjce&sionally  the  hidings 
plac^t*^  of  Indians^  who,  from  timcj  to 
tirue^  amu^  Ih^miolTes  even  here|  a  f«w 
niiloH  froia  th«  seat  of  government,  ift 
killing  some  poor  old  woman  or  #omi> 
boy  going  behind  hk  jackal  laden  with 
a  few  Bliillini^*  worth  of  rmit^  and 
branches  of  buahea.  which  are  used  fbr 
fuel  in  the  city.  We  had  to  travel  only 
12  miles  thii  afterno<m,  and  arrived  *oou 
at  Llie  Bant' ho*  del  Fresno^  where  we- 
cAmpi>d  At  the  bide  of  one  of  the  houaM^ 
An<l  had  Mxm  a  (^iklhI  tire  burning,  at 
whic:h  DfimlngiiejE  was  preparing  our 
ftiipp4.T,  liefor*?  a  quarter  of  in  boar 
ha<l  pawtid^  dilfetL^nt  pen*onB  travelling' 
tlie  namy  rfwid  iifid  attra^^ted  by  tho 
cheorfid  ospei^t  of  i>ur  camp^  had  gAlh^i^nMl 
nrtjund  u;*,  and  th©  evening  wai*  paaaatl 
in  go<.>d  humor  and  lively  eonvefwAtioo* 
The  laitt^r  i^hieHy  tufnt^l  niwm  t!io  nerik 
of  tltL'  road*  A  man  coming  wrih  lila 
K*rvanu  frtjm  thu  Rin  Oornjhim  aiKl  MW' 
tng  a  herd  of  cattle  f<»r  salw  to  tlm  eityi 
hftMtght  '''nijvedacka^t  ft'om  tlje  Minth* 
4^rn  part  of  the  state.  A  party  at  men 
frtmi  Uhditiahiia  on  ilielr  way  to  Dnran- 
g*%  where  it  wa*  their  intention  to  boy 
hor)k%  1 1  ad  bevu  attack  etl  by  a  hand  of 
Comanche^  and  errm|»iotcIy  routeti^  k-av- 
ir^g  NfVi^ral  dt^adf  mmiis  mui(»  and  thre# 
tb oil II and  dollar^  in  cflAh  on  the  ipat^ 
An  old  man  from  the  Villa  di?  k  Cfjucrp* 
cioOt  a  plaee  we  woru  rhtsn  bound  to, 
ga'r^  '^  tntof  the  de[iry*Litiima  late- 
ly I  by  the  Ar>Aohe0  in  ihftt 
neit;  .     .  .     1,    and    ©3Ehibtf<s<J     atraml 


»*-br«^  tart  I 


tUaA  r1icilft]4tlmi  III  SiisJeo^  tn  <    ' 


bsidiaattr  I 


4  liifm 


m\ae^^m^^ 


iio 


A  Trip /ram  Chihuahua  tc  thi  Sktra  Mtuire, 


[Oct 


wonnda  on  \m  body,  oatiaed  by  balLs  and 
arrows  received  in  his  former  encounters 
with  the  Bftvif  ea.  In  ehort,  nobody,  ex- 
o?y>t  myself^  was  present  at  our  camp- 
fire,  who  bad  not  experienced  more  or 
less  severe  injunojii  or  ]o@«»o@  by  them. 

The  plains^  valleys,  hiUB,  and  monn- 
toin^  of  tJie  eaftern  portion  of  nortb^^ru 
H«xioo,  bear  a  vegetation  of  quite  a  pe- 
culiar character,  fonniug  what  is  caJled 
chaparral.  The  word  is  derived  from 
chaparra,  which,  in  the  Bpani^  lan- 
goflgo,  means  a  dwarf-oak.  The  clia- 
p^rralea  of  Mexico,  however,  are  formad 
by  a  diversity  of  pbrnbs  belonging  to 
quite  other  families  of  plarits,  and  the 
ilcketa  of  dwarf-oa)c%  which,  indeed, 
occur  in  the  moro  western  part  of  the 
csonntry,  are  not  comprised  urMier  that 
denomination.  In  Mexico,  a  chaparral 
is  a  tract  of  country  c^ivered  with  shrubs 
and  bashes,  raostly  armed  with  ajpines, 
betongiug,  however,  to  very  different 
fawijlies  of  plants.  Among  these,  tho 
JMezquite  (Algarobia)^  and  some  other 
dirnbs  of  the  family  of  the  Mimfmn^  are 
tha  most  common*  Other^^,  hk^  tlie 
"ereosoto-pknt''  and  ** grease- wood'*  of 
the  Americans,  the  drat  being  the  Larrea 
Mexieana^  the  second  a  cktnopodiac^oM^ 
flhrob^  predominate  In  other  seoiions  of 
cooatry. 

Borne  remarkable  forms,  like  the  ^^Fon- 
quiera  splendenst,"  the  "  Jonco,"  or  Koe- 
berlinia,  the  ''Tepopote'*  and  others^  will, 
by  their  strange  appearance,  strike  even 
the  most  sujxjrficial  observer.  Inter- 
mixed ^th  these  singular  shrubs  ap(>ear 
the  stiff  and  spiny  forms  of  cactuses 
jnocaai  ^aveS|  and  daayUrions.  Be* 
tween  theie  bashes  and  prominent  plants 
the  soil  ia  #ften  bare,  being  composed^  In 
fKHne  places,  of  loose  sand^  in  otliers  of 
hard  clay;  other  tracts  are  covered  with 
a  carpet  of  grass  and  flowers.  Now  and 
then  even  patches  of  pure  grass  are  in* 
terspersedf  or  tlie  chaparral  itf^elf  is  alter- 
nating with  &ue  savannas.  But  these  do 
not  predoiriinate  in  tho  section  of  coun- 
try referred  to.  Trees^  vrith  some  ex- 
ceptions, are  of  tlie  ma»t  rare  occurrence. 
Some  fine  groves  of  cotton- wood  trees 
and  willows  are  found  in  the  bottom- 
lands of  the  Rio  Grande;  the  same  kind 
iji  trees  are  seen  along  the  course  of  some 
little  streams,  aiid  the  *' alamedaa,"  or 
pubJio  walks  of  the  towns,  deriYe  their 
denominatiou  from  the  Bpanisb  word, 
ulnmo,  wliich  means  cotton- wood.  Oo- 
casiouaiiy  the  traveller  may  discover  n 
lonely  ash  or  wain  at- tree.  But,  wlUi 
ihe^e  excaptsons^  do  trees  are  tu  he  ieen 


in  this  scctiun  of  cotmtry  for  hundreds 
of  miles.  The  scenery  h  not  w^ithont  an 
aspect  of  grandenr,  bat  very  desolate* 
KevertUele^  when  a  hundrt»d  htgh- 
grown  yuccas  around  you,  litling  their 
plastic  crowns  over  the  lower  tdmparral, 
waft;  tlieir  bunches  of  a  thousand  while 
lily-sliaped  flowers  in  the  air,  or  the  fear* 
let  panicles  of  the  fouquiera  shine  like 
hu ruing  flames  on  the  topfl  of  the  high, 
thin,  loall^s,  spiay  stem&j  the  desert  is 
clad  in  a  kitid  of  strange  beauty,  sugg^at- 
ing  to  me  the  idea  of  an  an'tcdiluvian 
flower-garden,  oalcalated  for  a  race  of 
men  of  three  or  four  times  the  measure 
of  our  own  race. 

This  type  of  vegetation,  which  may  be 
characterized  as  tliat  of  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Grande  and  its  neighborhood,  eon- 
tinues,  in  an  easterly  direction,  into 
western  TeiaSi  where'  it  begins  to  pas?, 
by  the  gradual  traoaitioa  of  a  beantifid 
park-like  country,  with  increasing  num- 
ber, size,  and  diversity  of  trees,  into  the 
timbered  lands  of  the  Mississippi  baiin. 

On  the  other  .^de»  in  a  wcaierly  direc- 
tion, the  transition  into  another  charac- 
ter of  vegetation  is  less  gradual  and  on 
our  road  the  change  could  be  olwerved 
even  in  the  first  few  miles  from  the  city> 
The  chaparral  disappeare,  the  grass  grows 
denser*  Farther  on^  different  kinds  «f 
evergreen  oaks,  stinted  and  shrubby  at 
first,  but  attaining  more  and  more  the 
size  and  form  of  trees  as  you  proceed 
more  and  more  to  the  west,  appear  thinly 
scattered,  or  in  patches  on  the  monntaiu 
sides.  The  high  table-lands  which  yon 
have  to  traversei  form  savannas  of  a 
nearly  eiolusiv©  gramineous  v<?getation. 
The  Sierra  Madre,  at  last,  is  covered  with 
high  timber  of  the  finest  pine  treeSj  and 
beyond  it  is  the  "  tierra  caliente,"  or  hot 
country  of  Sonora  and  Sinaloaj  with 
the  luxuriance  of  a  tropical  or  sawtropi- 
cal  vegetation* 

Ttie  neit  morning  we  had  to  pass  the 
iU- renowned  Oatlada  del  Fresno,  one  ot 
the  mint  dangcrotts  plac^^^  in  the  state  of 
Chibuahna,  This  is  a  little  valley  about 
four  miles  long,  affording,  by  the  form 
of  the  hills  on  either  side,  and  the  nature 
of  tije  vegetfltiun,  c^nsisthig  of  thicketa 
of  stinted  oak,  a  s^tries  of  huHng-pkoes, 
admirably  well  fitte*1  for  ambu;?rad^'s,  of 
which  the  Apsiche:!  have  so  well  availed 
themselve*^  that,  in  the  whole  length  of 
the  |>a.iy-iag*i,  there  in  scarcely  a  distanco 
of  ft  hundred  stepi  which  has  not  soaked 
the  blood  of  sonf.         '  '  r. 

Borne  gfjvernor  of  i  o 

passed  here,  an d  I ^ » 1 1 1 m  u j ^.  .  I- 


A  Trip /ram  Chihuahan  io  tks  Sitrra  Madrt. 


411 


\ 


I 


iid  wflh  trawit  m  to  a^f^esr  lika  ad  im* 
POBM  ^nr^yard^  gave  onUi  ui  remav« 
iml  hum  ^wai,  uWrving  ttint  tb^io  «icl 
moiilllMOSs  ixrahl  huve  tia  itthi^r  elfk^t 
IrfU  to  IHflltMi  tlio  ttnv  vlk^r.  Smoe  that 
tiia^  tllM  mtm^niQ  m^ri*  hftve  ngiMri 
ftflgmffitid  iJi}  ■  uarubt^r  «iiflieu!tit  to  keep 
^uttr  mbd  wdl  prvpartMl  lor  dt*iitb  till 
ibf  liOM  till  you  IiJire  rt^fti^liiMl  ih^  oy^^n 
on  tbe  Ubk-kni)  beyond  the 
Ihirinf  our  (jiL«*f*Agiit  Jca«?  I>>- 
l«i  Kiiv«  proiif  of  lik  redpubUbk 
Witii  riHc  in  tiftii4  he  rode 
liuDdrixl  j&rds  ftliead  of  uh, 
_  «T«ry  tliickct^  oferj  oumer 
of  Um  BIIi^  iiul  tvarj  bolt  la  the  grotiud* 
iluci  Guliltfmo  flrovet  bb  horiBes  ai  aa 
4«kit  •  |)iO»  aa  th^  rtm\  wonld  allow, 
wliila  1,  siUing  at  hU  iido,  with  a  pair  of 
fftvalvaca  to  my  ti«h,  aud  a  doiible- 
huTalled  fun,  biadetj  witii  bnck*«bo^ 
batiiVVQ  tu;  kn^ce,  kefit  a  lookout  on 
bodi  aidbi  of  the  road,  Wu  fuutid,  liow- 
mo  f(tr  our  arteia,  Tbe  rxind  wai 
IravelliHi  this  niornir^g,  Umi  It 
WM  alCoCQthQr  safe.  Wc  met  H^vcriii 
^^isoolnelM,^  or  caravans,  g«>^ng  vitbt^r 
ift  mtfv  ^  ^  tb^  uf^fK^il^  dir«ctiori*  aad^ 
Wlllid>ail  **  DovadadiMf'^  we  r«ac!hcd  tlie 
fiaiafta,  irU«fQ  we  «aw  Ike  Hue  builditifi 
4tf  ibi  Hadantk  dc  Im  Oharooa  in  iIid 
iBitaiipt,  and  h^v^  of  oatUa  ifiread  omt 
tlia  aaramia. 

nii  bataiiful  and  valoalil'^  ^tAtA  is 
tiM  |M>i|iart^  of  Don  Esm*  i^ 

fina  of  Umi  few  nob  m«o  m  ibi«  cuutitry 
wkii  tiwe  thrff  wrnlTb  U^  rhi-lr  iiwn  ©xor- 
iiriiy  of  Uie 
!iitig  a  lorgti 
mud  to  form  a 
•  ^reacor  part  of 
s  Iagi  bill  propertr* 
r  W15  Imrl  lafdljr 
Ulf  a  biiud  of 
i»f»  of  tliiN  hfinsiM 
f'  'o  tk^bind  ibo 
■  f  afTvtrd  pro- 

]    ri    i  <;i]i  v    of 


nil 

i-IiMK     riuni 
v  tl*c  riortb- 

-tit 

L  Tbin 
pF-rvcd  falaJ 
filer*,      Tbe 


•r  »* 


AfiMbr 


tipelte 

kWbicb  wc  I. 

,wr*aw  nn 


«a^^4i 
)ie«ici 

pmA  I 
In  aom 


in  wbkib  they  have  b««n  abia  to  arrivo 
near  the  road  withouf  Wing  obftervtHT, 
and  from  wliiah  ibuy  oould  make  an  uu- 
tapticLed  and  ^Udc^^fiil  lUlJirk. 

The  lable^land  an  wiilcb  w^^woro  now 
traveliing.  preA^ntt^d  oni.*  of  tbo*c  vic-^a 
nharaeterifitiG  of  northern  Mi^xico,  whidi 
tbe  wmiibb  traveller  nmy  bavt*  H«i*ri  a 
hundred  time^  rei^^led^  MrilboQt  ceasing 
to  be  »ffe*"tvd  by  the  ixs^uliar  style  of 
beatttj  which  thoy  ex m bit.  If  nature 
hta  anr  churmj  b^re,  hhe  dotw  not  bide 
any  or  tbtviu,  and  leavco  nothing  for 
imai^nation  or  »entiroent  to  tM  to  T^but 
^tutids  iti  c^leaf,  dintiuct,  naketl  reality 
before  yon*  No  oliuter  ai  Ir^es  trastirii^ 
their  fhflde  o?er  &  natch  of  urv^n  uu)^ 
caake  yon  droiOl  or  tbe  !iappine&5  of  a 
boinisly  stHJt.  Ko  atroaju  of  running 
wau^rlt^ads  your  tbou^^btitdown  ibe  val- 
ley, nor  Miakea  yon  inqnire  for  the  di»- 
taut  country  where  ila  warea  are  bound 
to.  No  cloud*  are  moving  on  Ute  sky 
above  yoQr  fi^ad*  Tb^  at»uti**pbtTe  form* 
uo  purl  at  nalura]  aoenery  li^ire^t  h 
only  tbe  empty  space  around  I  ;     .o 

mouiitiiiii*  at  the  borisfioiie^' 
tun*  m>  b^ruionioQBly  and  «Uiti*']rL«Tn5  ny, 
I 'hat  you  forget  to  imk  what  k  liehmii 
thcTU'  It  i»  the  mere  plastic  boutity  of 
form  wbieb  «trikei^  your  mind.  ll*'ioro 
your  eye  spreadju  a  wide,  STnc«>th,  level 
plaiu,  ivtvered  unifonuly  witb  C4?udor 
ffrsiiiK  wi  tb t  »ut  a u  y  o  tb  tr  v'l gi  bio  *  ibjivt .  1 1 
in  i»un\*!mded  by  uteep,  bare,  n>oky  moim- 
tmnn.  The  ttriking  ot^nrrai^t  of  their 
sharp  and  alpiuii  tirtru,  witb  tbe  liori- 
nontat  *<urfft4?o  of  the  plaiu^  h  soft^nvd  by 
a  beantifiilly  eurved  concave  lino  of  Iran- 
(dtion  at  thotr  foot.  No  Mwkwiwd  de- 
tnil  nor  petty  orttamt5nt  i^  to  be  aoen. 
The  wboU  !^  e^cm^ufod  by  natnrct,  aa 
tbe  arti|l  would  aayf  in  the  rif;orou«  pn* 
rity  of  the  bi*torioal  slylu;  nud  of  a 
biftonoat  obaraoter  U,  indv«d,  all  you 
nee.  U  la  the  afmple  record  of  ipreat  and 
«iuipl«  natural  aeoidonta  yon  bavo  Wforo 
your  eyoa. 

The  road  over  the  sat* anna  waa  nnrxilb 
A.'i  a  tuble.  lH)n  Ouillormo,  who^  ju  a 
joklnw'  itiAriricr,  wanted  U»  try  the  mh*^hI 
ot'iF  in  oaao of  (kiig^r  unit  in* 

»iiffh  >4||e  on  our  Made,  drove  iiur 

hof^k!^  at  a  gallop.  Iliir  oarrlagi>  rolled 
over  ti»e  plain  at  the  »f»fH^  of  a  ratlroafl 
car,     ScK>n  Uie  ikhvanui\   '  ^  and 

we  found  uur^elvi^  nt  ll  of  n 

tiiiinutain         "         '  *" 

rtjckn  atJ  ; 

phyry  ami  im  s 

of     bluiib    itV" 
the     road    d*  ^^  -  -  -  .     ...  -     .,.       ..    sj 


412 


A  Trtpfmrn  Ckihmhua  to  the  Surra  Madm, 


[Oct 


T«lley  of  Santa  Ysttl>el,  where,  along 
the  Goufse  of  a  little  river^  lined  with 
ootton-wood  trees  and  willows,  with- 
out  leaves^  of  course  in  thiii  tiiiie  of 
tlie  year,  we  saw  green  fields  of  wiieat, 
oultirated  hj  irrigation.  Doriag  the 
enintner,  when  the  meadowy  aroimd  the 
town  are  green,  and  th«  trees  along  tbe 
little  riirer  cast  a  den^*e  shadow  over  tl»o 
cryBtaUioe  wotet^  whicli  run  over  lob- 
bies i>f  e^erj  color,  Sarjt4i  Ysaljel  uimt 
he  a  lovely  spot.  The  valley  La  aur- 
ronnded  by  high  mountains  of  grotesque 
farms.  Those  to  the  north  were  Ibr- 
merly  luhabitod  by  a  tribe  of  Apachea* 
When  at  night  their  savage  revKls  were 
Aocoinpanled  by  an  equally  savage  music, 
their  drum  was  heard  in  the  town,  and 
still  these  rocks  are  called  the  '*  Sierra  del 
Tambor" — the  tnonntaina  of  the  dnim- 
mof.  The  town  Las  been  on  (finally 
established  as  a  minion  among  the 
Tarrmiare  Indiana,  and  ita  siliiaiion,  like 
that  of  all  aimUar  places,  baa  been  admi- 
rably well  chosen. 

In  the  afternoon,  while  Don  Guillermo 
waa  attending  to  aorae  bu.Hinegs,  I  took 
iny  gun  and  went  along  the  river  for  the 
pnrposie  of  a  hooting  duo  kg.  Dnring  thi^ 
walk  I  suddenly  hit  upon  a  man  who 
had  not  seen  me  till  I  stood  qoita  near 
fdni,  and  now  looked  at  me  with  that 
Wimderiog  interest  with  which  I  would 
have  lookeil  at  an  aerolite  jiift  fallen 
down  from  beyond  the  clouds.  **  Where 
did  j*our  grace  come  from?'*  he  asked 
ine  In  rather  frightened  tone.  *^Frotn 
Europe,'*  I  jokingly  anawered.  *^Ju5t 
now  f"  *'  8ome  time  ago."  *'  But  where 
from  just  now  I"  **From  your  town  J' 
*'  Bui  how  did  your  graoa  get  there  ?" 
**Iti  a  carriage."  "Witkh  Don  Felix?" 
"No,  with  Don  GujUormo.**  "O,  with 
Don  GniHermo  of  Ohihaabua.'*  be  now 
aaid  in  a  recomposed  tone ;  **  I  know  his 
grace  very  wall,  and  as  yotir  gracii  has 
seen  the  world,  yon  certainly  eau  give 
me  information  of  a  yontii,  who  in  a  re- 
lation of  mine.  He  wa^  placed  with  a 
inan  at  Doc/ina  as  apprentice  for  tour 
year^  to  learn  four  different  trades.  Now 
six  yeara  have  jwiased  and  no  notice  from 
him  has  ever  reaclieti  here  J  ■ 

Tliia  evening  I  saw  a  man  who,  some 
years  ago^  bad  the  arrow  of  an  Apacli** 
shot  into  hia  body,  of  which  the  point 
has  retrmtned  over  since.  Yet  the  man 
is  healthy  and  of  a  powerful  cou>^liludnn. 

Our  neit  day^s  jourrjey  wad  a  short 
one.  We  left  8*10  ta  Ysabel  at  noon, 
and  at  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  were 
ul  the   little   lown   of  Oarretos,     This 


pkoe  la  fritnated  in  a  pretty  well  culti- 
vated valley.  lis  little  river  joioa  thai 
of  Santa  Ysabel,  and  their  united  wateni 
run  into  the  Eio  Oonchos,  one  of  the 
chief  tributarie)?  of  thi$  Hio  Qroude,  Tlte 
valley,  like  others  in  this  section  of 
oountry,  is  formed  by  a  sharp  cut  inu> 
the  table- 1  and  over  which  the  road  from 
Santa  Ysabel  had  led  aa  tljis  morning^ 
aud  over  which  we  had  to  continne  our 
voyage  to*morrow*  At  Carreta^  this 
out  is  about  500  fei^t  deep,  forming  a 
steep  escarjjmenl  of  correaipouding  ebva- 
tion  to  ilie  southwest. 

Not  only  this  evening,  but  also  the 
following  day,  which  waa  a  Suiiday,  wai 
spent  at  Oarretas,  where  we  eiyoyod  the 
tnoat  aujiable  aud  kind-hearied  hospital* 
ity  in  the  house  of  Don  Felipe.  .  .  . 
Wherever  I  have  entered  the  boixsea  of 
Hesicaii  country -people,  I  bav©  found 
hfj^pi table,  most  polite  and  perfectly 
decent  maimers.  The  style,  it  is  true^  is 
neither  fashionable  nor  correspoiidiiig  t*j 
tbo  notions  of  English  or  Anglo* A^meri- 
can  life.  There  is  however  no  want  of 
nattiral  good  taste,  and  the  unprejudiced 
observer  musi  defend  this  people  against 
the  unjust  representatioas  ta  which  they 
have  been  exposed, 

Sunday  evening  it>me  of  the  priodpal 
men  of  the  place  were  assembled  in  the 
house  of  our  boat.  The  Apacbei  formed 
the  chief  topic  of  oouversatioo,  aud  I 
took  a  great  deid  of  interest  in  hearing 
some  anecdotes  of  a  famous  chief  of  these 
savages^  who  s^nne  time  ago  bad  been 
the  terror  of  the  country  around.  This 
Indian  bail  been  well  educated  by  a 
priest  in  Sonora.  At  a  certain  agei  bow- 
ever,  be  had  run  away,  had  returned  to 
his  tribe  aud  become  %%a  diief.  As 
such  be  soon  made  himself  terrible.  He 
tised  to  rob  the  nsail,  ^*pen  tite  letters, 
and,,  as  he  had  learned  to  read,  infonu 
hiini^elf  of  the  time  when  s^>me  rich 
tranapvjrt  of  gi-nxls  was  to  pass.  He  had 
carried  ofl*  a  Mexican  girl,  with  whom 
he  lived,  aud  who  appears  to  have  loved 
him  moat  passionately ;  ii^t^  when  Ids 
baml  wai*  ulttmately  eiterminaLed  bv  a 
party  of  Mexican  frmip^,  and  \ 

wjis  killed,  ^he  refused  to  sm  » 

her  own  eonntrymt*ii,  niid  fell^  tig h ting 
like  &  true  ludiau  squaw,  atter  her  ar- 
rows had  pierced  tlie  bi>iJieo  of  ^everat 
soldiers, 

Monday  morning  we  left  OarretiL'*, 
The  road  which  ajsoend*  the  <t)fioarptiR'Dt 
of  the  table-land  i>  r  ^p.     When 

we  liad  reached  tht-  n,  we  sow 

the  village^  surrounU^.^  .j,  u<J.d^  of  grvait 


liHi 


A  Trip  from  Chihuahua  to  the  Skrra  Madre, 


413 


wHcttt,  drcp  down  at  oar  A?0t,     Bajoixl 

fiotf  iif  tikt  oppibfiia  ieetion  of  the  table- 

of  tttoautftiiifl  r6«r  their  ro^kjr  summtU 
ta  iliediirk-b1ui'<  §ky. 

Our  rosd  oti  the  tAbk-lnnd  took  n 
o<irUjwe«terlv  dirtM^tirrn,  iwoetiding,  ill  a 
If  cry  iliivr  nu'd  utiifWui  r^i^  It  in  trui*, 
l»ot  wiUioai  iDU*rnipdi>n  for  moro  thmi 
MX  hMjnm.  Bcforo  uh  two  twin  mimri- 
tAioA  of  coQioal  fonxi  npiiearcd  iiboire  lh« 
buHiiMi,  the  t1eprt*fij»liiu  bt<iwe«B  ^mn 
oomloi  nmrls  down  t,>  the  gte^neril  krel 
of  tiift  lati«r,  wbidi  wo^  funned  bj  tbo 
taM#-lOTi1  ilJi^lf.  Tbmugli  ihh  deprtss- 
iioit,  whlob  U  esJM  the  ''Pii«ruj  de 
Gofiebie,"  wo  bad  to  \mm^  I  wm  lold. 
A#  t^  deep  oalit  i>r  gleiii  whi«h  intense t 
tlb9  piaiil«ll  tn  th«  Di^ighbufhood  af  tii«ee 
ootibl  not  be  eeen  nQV  «veQ 
from  the  dutJinoo,  tt  ap)>6ftt^d 
sni^Ur  ib&t  a  rund,  mnde  by 
Ei^  ihoald  have  he^n  Srecir 
^^  t  tbrongb  A  tinFrow  mountain  paw, 
^HU  the  «f>uf)ir^  nil  STouud  npfieared 
ieC  ftod  emuotb  hke  the  jiour  uf  a  pur- 
ler. Hurt  to  the  loft,  aju>tb®r  botatod 
soomitelft  wa«  wovn  rWing  from  Uehmd 
llw  IMi^a  iif  ihu  pliiiti.  TbiB  wils  ilto 
•^llaflllb  Ooslhtjiriucliic,'^  de^^cribed  bj 

Dr.  WliUoetiUM,  wlto  givett  it4  tt^bvatiott^ 
i0OafdlQ||  to  borontetrlGal  mei^ureTrtent, 
an  7.^1^  fc4<t  abovo  tbe  ■«&,  a.tid  1,040 
hr'  wo  of  Ctif^ihuirt^liic. 

A*  ■  uated  iti  zi  gk^ti  cut  at 

but»drt«d  feet  tkHtp  U\U)  the 
tAbfo-biad,  thcr  biifji  ciuitit^ 

liH  ti&tie  btiiidrcl  fuut  jtboV0 
it,  «od  tK#  #Uv«iloii  of  the  tabl4)4and 
Mir  G^  '  <  iiit^  iiml  Coydoh^c  mfi^t 
be  ahou^  :  abuvn  tbi'  fi<?a.     Near 

ObrreCait  n  i^  u  gt>od  di^jit  luwer;  iicnr 
fljatiTeeliel  ftUl  ruorv  mi;  and  llio  vaU«y 
aad  jrijitn  of  Ohlbu&htm^  iin«Nirdin|;c  to 
Ilr.  WkUoenoM^  bi  onlv  irk*vatod  1610 
eluvve  ^h**  »**'n  Tliuei,  thi>  jftHieriil 
«C  tbe  '  -*^n  to  l>o  ri>in|i( 

^ent<!ni  din^ciion, 
tmd  UiJt  rixitig  wai  toutid  tfi  contimio  till 
we  reeelted  the  ea»!tU?rn  fiiut  of  tbat  dmln 
9i  motmleatiit,  Uf  which  the  uatl^cw 
•irielJf  epr^ly  tbf*  namn  »*f  Si^rrn  MadH\ 


e  fiaor               huy 

ti«v«r   t«iettinil,  im 

■Que  ir                   kVi> 

di>n«\  t4»  the  iiuire 

j^lani  rhiifH       \ 

1  ■*«  bo  cfthod 

tito  braoetii»  Of 

i  Madr^  a^ 

tiiey  w  In  r 

1  in  wiih  it,  their 

cbefftBter  h*  > 

<f  rtliort  inu\   de* 

anr,  and  n- 

jLtWMMut. 

•i  frnrrilM  to  *;ach 

'1   rmd  divtdtid 

1   tbu  ^oofal 

table*Iaijd  a^  the  Ulandsof  nn  archipekgo 
are  surruiiridt^d  and  djvidid  by  \lw  ^l^h. 
8evt*nil  kiutis  of  evergrtsen  t>aka»  j^tuw- 
iit{^  to  Ui4a  susc  and  furm  of  a  viguroua 
old  apple- trve,  are  mMittered  all  ovor  iho 
mvautia,  fortmnji  iittle  grovee  or  pitobas^ 
or  iUiuditig  t^ingly  In  ahnt^t  regular  die- 
taoce^.  Tim  gi"Ow  more  denaely  wbefe 
the  tabW  kfid,  cittg>r  to  ibe  nght  or  li?fl, 
ahuws  lino  of  those  »lifbt  depr^MskHi^^ 
wbicsh  firm  tlio  uppermost  bfgiuniDg  q( 
mim  8id^^brtiii<.dK^  of  the  valbysi  of 
Oarreta**  imd  Sun  Borja.  Tbia  kticr 
vmlby  otnild  not  be  seun  wheu  we  i^vtii 
arrived  on  ihv  tahl^^-laud  tbii  moridug', 
a»d  i\m  dislaut,  dark  monritaiit-chiun 
btfytjnd  it,  whieh  h  called  the  SieiTii  de 
Bau  Horj%  aeeine<]  to  ttaiiil  immediately 
Qu  the  viigQ  ot  ihe  table-hitid.  As  how- 
ever, tl»6  road  ted  iia  on,  we  oocasionatly 
eaugiit  A  glinipa«  of  the  intervening  vaf- 
ley,  and  thv  *tcep  ^lope^  down  into  it, 
s[Kitt<fd  witJi  [iumberlew  ook  tree^^  wbieb 
stand  ioattered  o^er  the  wide  EnouDtaill 
•Mvannaa  witli  the  regularity  of  the  treee 
of  an  immeofe  orchard,  preaetiied  one 
of  the  nioet  tiJigular  viewa  I  baTe  ever 
Acen* 

On  the  sontheastern  side  of  the  Puerto) 
di*  Lkiyiiehie  the  traveller  find»  no  dilti- 
euity.     The  tdcvnuon  b  inoouiiider^hle, 
and  the  $lupe  pretty  gr&dual.   But  wht^ti, 
from  the  wild  rnuuniidn  4M3enery  wlntdi 
fil!»  the  space  between  the  two  twin- 
ftiiinmita  ai  the  bigbeat  part  of  the  pie- 
•agti  be  lookn  down  what  k  oilled  tbe 
Oaeeta  de  Ck»yichio  ioto  the  deep  volley 
below  hie  feel,  of  wbioh  be  doe^  not 
even  perceiT'e  the  bottom ,  while  on  tlie 
opposite  Mis  tiia  eye«  meet  an  almost 
p4^rt>endi€uUr  wall  of  ceenrptnetita,  worn 
out  by  titnf3  hi  to   iim   most  faatastioal 
tthafH'fi,  the  potMibility  of  getting  ttafely 
down  Into  the  valley  And  out  of  it  aifnin 
on  iho  oihor  pide  will  Appear  nomewbat 
dofibtfiiL     Tho  rott4  howetori  i«  much 
t letter  thMu   \i  appenri^.     The  prie»t  of 
0<iyi>'hk\  T'lvdiu  (tallejo,  Iiaa  shown  m 
degree  of  i*fiterpri,*e  tm   rare   wltli   bU 
iXHmtrynit*!!  m  with  the  particular  dbiee 
to   whitrh    he    iKslongM,     On    hiiii    own 
private   ex  pen  ml-,  And   aeeiirdlng   to  hie 
own  diri-f^tioiiK,  be  liaM  eaikied  tins  nwmi 
ioi(K*rtriiit  iniprmenieiitA  to  be  iniidi^  oti 
thi:^  irai't  of  road.     The  p^Mlre,  hownver, 
has  ntJt  mited  m  a  tnt*rc  pAtHot;  be  U 
evet)  morL%   he   U  at  tl^t5  »Anw  tltne  a 
ppof'id^hir^     A1V*r  wi?  hitd  pa*     '  * '   ■  ■ 
chio,  h*i  M^Tit  ft  liuy  of  tor  m  t  i 

t^dJ  ^4  half  a  doll  or  lor  Urn  roaU  ....|r. ..... 

Ill  f  11  Li. 

Cuyichk*  U  a  frmjill  vlUilua  q1  %  \%^ 


414 


A  Xr*P  f^^  Chtkmkua  to  ih$  Sierra  Madrt. 


[OcL 


housea.  It  Iim  been  iinportiint^  how- 
©veFi  aa  a  mission  ainoni;  iLe  TuniTiiarea, 
and  tha  buililiag^  t>f  tlmt  ei^tiibli aliment, 
ivhich  still  runiaLn  \\\  pK^  C4irjiltti«U| 
ttirii)  a  remarkable  object  and  iDake  a 
Ptrikiog  effect  in  the  wild  Sceuery  of  ihii 

80 me  miles  beyond  the  village  we 
t-t^ppad  for  the  uigbiKDeor  the  caoip  of  a 
caravan  of  traveller*  and  puck -mules, 
carrjiiig  |fOodi»  t<j  the  Villa  de  la  Con- 
eepcioo.  tbb  was  our  route,  too,  and  a^ 
we  bad  to  pass  a  very  daogeroua  section 
of  the  oonntry  the  next  day,  we  resolved 
to  keep  in  ootnpany  of  tbia  "  conductA.'- 
Before  daybreak  the  next  morning, 
DonungueK  bad  prepared  our  colfee,  atid 
ioon  we  weit  a^tn  in  motion,  Tlie 
»oent  from  the  valley  to  the  table*land 
over  the  $iteep  eaearpments  north  of 
Ooyachio  is  loikonje,  but  safe.  When 
the  trayeller  has  reaobed  the  top,  the 
change  of  soeoery  is  so  snddeu  end  ex- 
traordinary, that  Uie  effect  can  only  be 
cotnparwi  to  oq©  of  tl*e  most  «,trikjiig 
changes  of  decoration  in  the  representa- 
tion of  an  of*era.  The  edge  of  the 
escarpment  which  forms  the  slope  of  the 
vallej  ia  ao  sharp,  and  the  E^moothness 
of  the  savanna  on  the  horizontal  table- 
land, into  wliich  the  valley  with  its  little 
lifjyiclies  is  cat  ai  with  a  knife,  u  so  per- 
fijct^  that  there  Is  only  the  transition  of 
a  fi^w  ^teps  in  space  fmd  of  a  few  seconds 
in  tiniei  to  bHng  you  from  the  woody 
sidei!  of  a  deep  ehasm  where  a  wild  chaos 
of  confused  mountain  ma^^e^  surrounds 
you  into  a  plain  without  a  single  tree,  ex- 
tending in  S43ine  dtrectionsi  to  the  very 
horizon,  while  new  groups  of  mountains, 
now  fir^^tseen,  emerge  in  other  direotions 
in  the  dk^tatice — 3ome  little  lake  ^spread- 
ing its  quiet  waters  in  the  fnregt'ound^ — 
tlie  whole  a  scene  of  repose  and  peace. 

We  travelled  in  a  northwesterly  di- 
rection o  ve  r  tl  d  s  tabl  e-lan  d ,  ti  1 1  w©  reflcb  ed 
the  eastern  foot  of  the  Sierra  de  la^ 
Caaaa  Ooloradaij,  which  we  passed,  and 
descended  on  the  other  side,  in  the  val- 
ley or  plain  of  Cerru  Prieto.  From  both 
sides  of  the  Sierra  we  had  a  fine  view 
over  til  at  portion  of  the  table -land  which 
extentls  to  the  southeast,  and  contains 
the  beautiful  Ijiguna  de  loa  L1ario«t«  a  lake 
of  cotiSfiderable  e stent.  The  Puerto  de 
las  Casas  Coh>radaa,  as  the  passage  over 
llie  8ieiTa  m  called,  is  niucli  feared  by 
the  travellers  lo  atid  from  the  VI Ik  de 
la  Coneepciuu.  A  tribe  of  Apj^ehes  is 
lidog  bete,  not  dii^tant  from  the  road, 
and  many  a  whole  conductii  has  tKien 
robbed,  or  even  destroy 4id  here*    There 


is  another  road,  passing  round  the  fi€»Qtb- 
em  extremity  of  the  J^ierra,  and  keeping 
witliout  tnterruption  on  the  dat  table- 
land ;  hut  the  m^xn  del  Ci*ato,  as  it  is 
called,  has  even  a  wor»e  reputation.  On 
our  return  frotn  Ouncepcion,  we  took 
this  latter  route^  but,  ihcmgh  we  were 
alone  then,  we  paased  the  dangerous 
pkee,  aa  we  now  did  the  Puerto  de 
\m  Casas  Ooloradas,  without  any  moltssr 
tation. 

Prom  the  Puerto  I  first  saw  the  Siepfs 
Madre.  It  apjjeared  to  be  little  or  not 
at  all  higher  tlisn  llie  nionntains  we  had 
seen  on  our  way  from  Chihoatma.  The 
character,  however,  is  entirely  different 
It  is  a  lung,  uninttirrupted  chain  of  moun- 
tains, thickly  covered  viith  high  pine 
timber.  At  it^  foot,  just  op  petite  the 
Puert**,  near  a  little  lake  surrotinded  by 
the  most  beautiful  savannas,  the  village 
of  Oerro  Prieto  is  situated.  The  pine 
forest  <:^me3  down  from  the  Sierra  into 
the  plain,  and  nearly  to  the  shores  of  the 
lake,  which  gives  a  peculiar  cbann  to 
thhs  interesting  spot,  where  the  waier» 
of  the  Gidf  of  Mexico  divide  from  these 
of  the  Gulf  of  California,  The  little  laks 
of  Cerro  Prieto  does  not  appear  to  bavo 
any  outlet,  but  it  could  have  one  to  either 
side,  being  situated  just  on  tLe  line  of 
division.  Certain  it  is,  at  least^  tliat 
south  of  it  the  water  deseenda  into  the 
goi^es  of  CoYaehiCj  Ov>sihuiriiohie,  and 
San  Borja,  and  is  carried  into  the  Bio 
Cor>chos,  Rio  Grande,  andGulf  of  Mcii<o^ 
while  north  of  it  the  plateau  which  fol- 
lows the  eastern  foot  of  the  Sierra  Madpe^ 
contams  the  head  waters  of  tbe  Bio 
Yaqtd,  which,  after  a  northerly  eotirw  0I 
some  seventy  or  eighty  miles,  enddenJy 
tnrns  tt>  the  west,  pa*^^  throtigb  a  deep 
and  narrow  gap  in  the  Slerrn,  and 
rapidly  desoenda  to  the  Gulf  of  Cjili- 
fornia. 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  Sierra  Madro 
is  decidedly  situated  on  the  we^t^rn  verge 
of  the  North  American  continent*  And 
the  Rio  Yaqui  is  nut  the  single  affluent 
of  the  Oalifornian  Gulf  which  comes  from 
the  eai^tern  side  of  thi^  mountain  ehaiQ. 
Along  its  eastern  foot  the  highest  |:ic*rtiott 
of  the  Mexican  lahle-lund  is  situated, 
while  its  western  base  stands  son»e  fit 
or  more  thousand  feec  dee|>er  in  th^  low 
COM  n try  of  Sonoraand  Sinaloa. 

We  passed  the  night  at  some  li<>u«ea 
called  Los  Rauehitos,  \\ '  "    '        »fn- 

fort  we  cuuld  obtain  uo 

green  onk  wood,  to  \iv>  ■  ?• 

conrt*yanl.     Wo  ?iUor*r  i 

make  a  thiek  smoke,  froti.  .  :.,  _    _  ,^  ^i 


1%U.] 


A  Trip  from  Ckihnahita  to  tkt  Skrra  Madh. 


4» 


liteame  iore  wftbout  om-  Imndi  beGomlnf 

wmmi  firofu  the  lire.     W«  ha4  Ltiiil  tu> 

tltiog  t4>  «At  hlnm  o(ir  tioAittj  br^kf«At  at 

d^ybrMk,  llio  provkicios  we  had  laken 

«Ioi}f  ftvm  CliUmnhiui  b^b^  6miit»ed,  i»nd 

ill  our  «xeriiDiiti  to  g«t  anyihlng  whlcli 

COtilil  piWiiNy  fl^rvo  as  a  ?unpcr,  reatittiHl 

,  111  (Imi  ai  <    "no   hay   tiatk^^ — 

^  •*  ihmr%  h  After  dark,  at  \^t, 

iWM  '*'  \    ^  I  JO  had  hoard  of  our 

^  elthorrjKpra  kind- hearted 

r^nr  \  '"*\'^  than  the  rcei,  mutt 

or  oarii-«ftkii%  iiifl  a 

H^l.**^"  iirheam.    We 

our  appe- 

^lll«r  tod  I  I  [)'  of  thf^ 

~  "liQtdM  tor  «jiir  tie9£t  br«iiktjiHr«  pa^t^nl 

ntglitf  which  wa^  exoeedin^lj  cfild, 

to  mtr  earriife^  and  Icfl  diet  itihoApltabb 

TliiwK  tj,  from  Cisrm  FHeto 

dnwn.  |0  r  ■  .if  Tein6^ftclii<%  where 

llN»  Bin  Vtiqi]!  ii^jf^u  Uirough  the  Hiijrm 
IfftdM^  ft  dbtHMCt*  of  »er«iity  or  ei|^hty 
niiti  li  mmW9\\j  of  tl)9  namc^  natund 
«kmeter,  and  can  k«  detcnbod  at  onee. 
Il  li  ft  »tfip  of  th^  r-.t...r»!  tablo-land, 
^th*to  flftevn  to  tiA  wide^  rnn- 

botween  thv  =  'idro  and  a 

r  «wtoni  paraliftt  ehatJi,  of  which  iho 
m  de  la^i  Oaaaa  O^jlomdiici  forru't  the 

i  txtremUy.    Thw  tfuiioml  dlrec- 

of  tho  two  Sierra^  m\^\  tli«  valk^j 
'ibl  between  thr^ni^  U  about  tinfth- 
w«L  Thu  t»I<s  vation  of  Ocjito  PHoto 
it  W  b«twt^eti  7000  iLiid  8000  f«et 
th«i  H«a,  Krtitn  thnt  )Ktint  to  Te- 
BA«iirhi(%  I  Ahoiihl  MippoMO  tlio  levol  of 
b»  oontjtry  to  nUik  about  one  ihousaod 
ribet.  Tb«  wbok^  vftll«y  iei  naturallj 
|<«Of«r»d  wltb  tho  fliitit  NtTftDiiaa  I  have 
'  mm*  Ko  flrief  pAfitttfe^  and  In  a 
-iod  healthier  i^otinirv,  can  oxist  in 
Ili9  world.  Htmtiiit\iS  littk'  ntream^  uf 
^  IfilMptfiitif.  wntiT  cf^mi'  4km'n  frtim  tho 
I  on  both  -ide^,  rin?]  ni^nn  make  the 
[.  R4»»  Yaijui  io  In*  r|iiite  ti  ro^f^ef  table  litllt* 
•  riFi^r,  A»  il  roniiii>it>^  K-  r  r^Mr^\  it-*  bed 
I  irtit  4eopffT  into  th  i>ftl(e 

r*«Ui»r.  |**iivini?  »  trr    .  ublc^ 

i  iiclj  uf  LliL' l\vij  moiin- 

h  ttic  (^^rern  (vintaln« 
it>  Ml  rn  plenty  of  jvin© 

b^*  1 1  ry  i »  ai  kJ^jiH  h  er 

b«it  M  iLiiiinl  pivn  of  the 

tfif  I  ,  imd  w^oiilii  bc^  under 

limmfU      : .   rr.nrn.M.r r.      .!,*. 

Ina,  ba4iW   '  -ii.^ 

five  ur  iix  tH>nsiidiTiiijlp    vdlag^^s 

wontd  hi)  rnoui  onotigb  for  a  bun' 

thoii^attd  D«w  leltlectt.    firen  now. 


with  it«  seatitj  popuktion,  it  isccjOKiderad 
a»  the  criknhTy  of  the  slate  of  ChihuahuBT 
and  wben»  some  jeai*  ago,  thai  ssute 
fM  lib  red  siovcrely  from  esc^ve  dronght^ 
the  snpjtik**  from  Conetipoton,  and  its 
ne^l?hb4>r!n;HMl  aioiie,  Bav<*tj  the  pojiuliaion 
from  faniine.  The  w<:>oded  nnmutain 
bell  of  the  Sierra  Madre  favors  atrnos- 
pherie  precipitatron,  so  a«  ti>  make  the 
cubivation  of  i''>ro  and  wheat  jn^w^ihle 
without  the  aid  of  artiflclftl  irrijrraion, 
which,  nevertheless,  is  not  ntiglcH^ted* 
The  winter  is  a  good  deal  oidder  than  il 
QhEhnflhrja,  niuX  nutv  k>  fuunpRfed  to 
that  of  Su  iL^m  tier- 

man  J,   Pe.N'  ,  J  wtdihere^ 

A.nd  applia  are  of  superior  qualitj.  To 
nil  thedd  imiaral  idraata|^  mnut  be 
added  that  the  monntaina  tn  the  neSgb* 
borhood  ctf>iitain  imtnenae  tre*iuf«ft  of 
gold  and  silver,  and  that  ttve  hot  c^mtitrj 
of  Sonora*  with  its  ©ntirelv  different  pro- 
duotiorts,  i.4  quite  near.  Tfrheat  and  oom 
are  regularly  sent  from  here  l^i  JoiQi 
Marl  A,  a  farnoDit  mining  place  m  the 
SiL^rra  Matlre,  and  atiples,  which  Iiava 
beetj  worth  here  three  dollars  a  mult^t 
loail  la«t  fall,  ba^e  b«eD  sold  at  fof^ 
dolloiH  at  die  |>ort  of  Goai^maa, 

Dnder  these  circmnstanees  it  is  not 
extraordinary  that  there  ia  a  oertala 
digrw  of  wealth  in  tliii  iMiicni  of  tho 
conotry,  which  Ia  ehieHv  eiMietiktrat«d  at 
the  Villa  de  la  Cont^ prion «  Tha  paofda 
frum  that  Ultle  town  are  eoniidmd  tlia 
b«0t  eoatomer^  of  the  mercbaiitfl  of 
Ohihaahna,  who  always  have  a  good 
day  when  a  riinducta  from  there  b  In 
the  eily,  Thu  momlg  of  Otiueefpeton, 
however,  have  a  bad  reputation.  Its 
ItihabitantJi  arc  the  gr«#teflt  gantbleiY  ia 
the  itate;  and  aa  in  oth«r  eoantrliii  tba 
credit  uf  a  nsAa  dipenda  from  what  ht  ii 
known  to  hava  won  or  ]o«i  in  meroaiu 
tile  specnktion,  no  here  it  appeared  to 
depend  fr<*ui  what  he  won  or  hiet  at 

the  laming  table.     '*  Will   Don 

fmy  mef^  you  may  aak  a  oonfiduntiol 
friend  hero.  "  Yea,  I  think  he  will — he 
won  five  thouetaad  ddjatm  the  other  day/^ 
ia  the  amwer. 

IJke  all  otlter  i«etio<ia  of  the  atat^ 
bowevor,  this  too  baa  Mffc^rinl  fcveraly 
from  tht*  dejiredatlfina  of  the  Apaob«a» 
From  the  rtAnohitoe  down  to  the  villaga 
of  8an  Anlxmil^  which  t»  half-way  to 
Oonoe|)eion,  wo  law  only  d««ertod  and 
mined  habltotkHM*  Bom«  of  Ibem,  at 
lho««  of  £1  Enurlo,  have  been  ntrif 
©jtt«n»tv©  haihlinir*  helonging  to  large 
eetatea  miw  fmiruty  det^rted.  And  even 
the«9  mi  Da,  whteh  ir«  on  the  rery  roi4 


wJ^ 


Me 


A  Trip  from  Chihuahua  lo  tk&  Skrra  Madrt. 


[Od 


mmt  be  avoided  by  the  traveller,  who 

turns  his  horse  rauDd  tbem  in  a  rasp&ot- 

L«ble  difltAnc<$.    Saverfd  times  a  party  of 

]aftTag«a  have  taken  piisaeaision  of  the  old 

IflfraOa,  and  from  behind  them  have  made 

»'tbeir  attacka  on  the  Qn»a»peotiiig  people 

-who     happened    to    travel    the     road. 

When  we  passed  here,  the  sharp  and 

exfierieuced  eye  of  Juan  Doinlnguez  dii- 

covered  a  uomW  of   Uori4e»  and  men 

[  iiaking  in  a  distant  part  of  the  savanna, 

le   declared    thetrj   to  be   a  party  of 

^Apaches,     If  they  were,  however,  they 

*]et\  na  utimoleisted.     Near  San  Antunio 

and  Ooncepcion  we  saw  ^q  herds  of 

cattle.     These,  however,  are  bat  poor 

t«femnante  of  a  former  wealth*    Her<^  of 

hundreds  of  thousands  have  been  destroy- 

[  cd  by  the  savages. 

We  arrived  at  Oonoepcion  early  in 

Lthc   evening,   and   retnaiDed    here    the 

rirhole  of  the    neit  day.     This    town, 

witli  it^  full  name,  is  called  the  Villa  de 

hi  CkiQ(.'efK?ic>n  de  Pap»g6cljie,  the  last 

word  beinp  the  old  Indian  name,  which, 

the    Turumare  language,    means    a 

^  of  snipes  or  plovers.     A  consider- 

iinmber  of  Tarumare  Indiana  stil! 

here,  as  they  do  in  all  the  villages 

rther  down  the  valley,  whieh  have  the 

I  rights     and     preri>gativea    of     Indian 

I  *^Fueblo!*/'  even  if  thdr  present  impula- 

ktion  coneiijit  chiefly  of  ^*  <fenU  tie  r«^^pn,'^ 

'^reaaonable  men,^^  as  the  Uiapano-Mesi* 

m  call  themselves  in  oppoi^Uior)  to  the 

adians*    These    Taro  marea,    ho w<a  ver, 

hough  among  themfelves  they  stiil  eon- 

l^nne  to  speak  their  oM  language,  appear 

\jbo   have   lost    titeir    origiQal    mauQers. 

There  are  others  <»f  their  villages  situated 

some   less   fret^ueitted   parts   of    the 

©ountry,  wlsere,  though  they  Imve  ad^jpl- 

ed  the  name  of  Ghri^tiai^a,  and  are  in  a 

loose    political     connection    with     the 

government  of  the  state^  a  part  of  their 

old  social  system  has  been   prea^erved. 

Tlieir  lands^  there,  are  common  property 

of  the  communiry,  and^  from  time  to 

tiuie,  are  divided  according  to  the  wants 

and  working  capacities  of  ttie  families. 

^A  certain  f>ortion  is  rosier ved  in  favor  of 

i  old^  the  Stick,  and  the  htlple^s.    This 

t  worked  by  all  those  wliu  are  able  to 

['Work,  and  the  pn>duee  is  aun*ed  in  pubho 

pinaga2nne9.    These  stores,  m&  well  as  the 

"ndividuaU  whotn  they  are  inttndtMl  to 

erve,  are  superintended  by  ot-rtain  m^e 

female  officer    which    are    ealled 

renanohea*     In    ^me    valleys    of    the 


Hierra  Madre,  particularly  in  the  ndgb^ 
borhoiid  of  the  town  of  Batose&^aebic^ 
which  ia  a  famims  minittg  place,  a 
popolation  of  Taruinares  is  lo  be  ftmnd 
in  an  nndi?itiirbt*d  and  origCnul  ^late, 
with  their  oM  Indian  religion  and  siociai 
.  condition.  But,  without  being  a*^tive)y 
hostile  to  the  III^pano-Mexican  race, 
they  abstain  from  every  kind  of  inter- 
conrse  with  foreij^nei^.  When  nnexp^t- 
edly  a  traveller  enters  tJieir  habitationap 
they  leave  them;  wheti  they  **ee  him 
eoming,  they  go  oot  of  his  way ;  when 
he  pQta  a  quesiioR  to  them,  tliey  git'e  no 
answer,  though  they  tindersiafld  him 
well;  nor  will  the  higheiit  offer  induce 
them  to  trade  with  him. 

We  left  our  carriage  at  Ooneepobn, 
and  continued  onr  voyage  on  borfreback. 
The  first  dllage  below  is  Santo  Toinaa. 
The  iit nation  of  this  place  baa  a  good 
deal  of  intereat.  The  eaatern  Sierra  hiaa 
a  very  high  suniToit  here,  which  is  ctdled 
the  Oerro  Grande  de  Bun  to  Tomab,  and 
horizontal  t^trata  of  cretaoeons  hmealanQ 
are  placed  across  the  valley,  forming  a 
barrier  of  hilii*  which  only  leave  a  deep 
and  narrow  ravine  through  wUicb  the 
Rio  Yaqai  winds  its  couriseT  till  it  reaches 
at  the  village  of  Tejol6gachic^  th«s  oj>en 
valley  again.  The  itudy  of  Uiis  locality 
wonld  prove  highly  instf uctivt  iu  a  gfo* 
logical  poUit  of  view»  m  the  relations 
bi^tween  the  hi»ri;£ontal  cretaoecius  strata 
and  the  ufiheaved  ma8e«9  of  older  fo^ili- 
feroui^,  metuniorpiiic,  and  voloanic  for- 
mations of  wliich  tlie  high  Sierras  on 
both  sides  of  the  valley  appear  to  con- 
sist, majf(t  be  easily  observable  liere*  I 
am  very  sorry  that  circumstances  did 
not  allow  me  to  speud  some  time  in  thk 
inve&tigation,  We  hastened  on  without 
losing  one  moraent^^  time-  Passing  T*- 
joIogacUio  wo  came  to  Mataobic,  where 
we  slept  thai  night.  The  Apacliea  had 
driven  away  here,  only  a  few  day§  agt*» 
one  hundred  and  lahy  head  of  cMtle,  a»d 
nearly  all  the  male  iohabitants  of  ih© 
place,  united  with  tliose  of  Tejologacliiji 
Santo  Tomans  Tem^sachic,  and  Yf\H> 
inero,  were  out  on  a  '^cauipall4^'  to  fight 
the  savages  in  their  very  mountaiu  sts^  ' 
DC'^ses.  The  jieople  of  tliese  TilUges  are 
very  brave,  and  well  exerciaed  in  tho  wx« 
of  the  rifle.  They  are  genendly  mceg^m- 
ful  in  their  expeditions  against  thdr  'J 
Uiortal  eiiemy^*  liot  tliis  war  i*  a  war  ' 
of  extermination^  and  will  not  *ioon  bo 
closed.     Belwc^eu  Mat-aeliie  and   T<?m6* 


•  The  fav«rttCTieiii:  flf  ChOiuiilitiii^  iidt  hmf  agu,  tiiwl  or4ercd  IU  enlsetv  Iq  KtMlftln  fi*m  •^lt^h  prtvtM' *•»!&# 
**  becftii^  tttch  m%t  *u  lA>e  t»ttilfi«t»  o(  ili«  uiUtNUT/' 


A  Trip  frtmi  Chihuahim  to  tke  Skrm  Madrit 


4iT 


da,  w»  imftiMul  i?io  ran  oho  of  an  M 

ntii,    r»*»u    Bliw    I4^im:^nni\   with 

Don  GailWniJo  hiul  some  bum- 

Wc   foMud   bhii  in  a  ileplorublu 

tINI AjMiflivM^  JuMi  in  the  moment  when 
W  had  overtaken  them,  bc^  fdl  with  hb 
hvTwe^  ■Liid  iaiJii«4i*teh'  was  Imimd  by 
cjci«  of  liiir  H]ivipM»,    Ttie  arrivd  of  hU 

^fon  only,  who  kil]e4  i\m  Ijidian,  fi&?ed 

'■Uk?  old  nij%ti\  lift?. 

Tl*e  village  of  T«rn6e&cli^  wliich  wa§ 
iho  f<irt]K^-.t  piint  f»f  our  voynge,  hns  a 
▼cry  I  "'  1,     The  vdley 

of  Uja  :o  k^  i^utir^lj 

iliQlh«rtv  i^,L'iz:^l^  \u  « liirli  the  Hver 
biifKt  tlirtitigh  tiie  Sbrm  Madre  is  so 
narrow  ttiftb  it  b  ilif)3t<uU  to  discover  it^ 
■od  I  be  ooniTimQicfttioti  which  dxi^tsi,  in 
m  DCiftliweiiterlj  liirection,  between  thia 
vaikf  mud  tiic  phuiu  of  Oarmen  and  Oor- 
imJtiui^  which  ^itfod  towards  the  ee\«y 
hfal^d  Cttti  Gmndc^  and  the  Gila  River, 
b  aqnaily  hidden  from  the  view.  The 
liUagie  of  Y^iii«rm«  two  iiiiJe«  to  tht? 
Qiirili  af  T<fti6aacihi(i,  U  the  outermont 
MltltfDtSit  In  thifi  pafi  of  the  ^tato  af 
Qilimahita.  To  ttie  west,  tbo  l»onndary 
Ubs  of  Ibfl  ft«t«  of  Btmura  In  oulj  a  fuw 
Alka  #ttftiit,  whiles  thf5  coimtrv  to  the 
noftll  aad  northeaHi  [  -  •  i-  da^eHed^ 
Ibe  bwntifnl  aitunted 

bare  b<?en  dci^i*    ,^-    -y  th«  In- 
Uuiidriadtt  of  inilets  of  the  liu^l 
aijiiiilrv  in  tiiat  dlreodon,  are  now  with* 

ci  :i(lt«. 

V  to  the  general  drynes*  of 
iiii»fili«m  ke&loo,  Ihe  vallaj  of  Tt3ut6^- 
eido  and  Tcrp^mem  la  full  of  apringfi  tind 
fittk  aireatitiu  The  water  ot  eoioe  of 
Ihim  ban  an  elt^vated  Itmpemtism,  whioh 
krnip^  the  uieadtiWB  fr^u  and  tbe  oatde 
te  aU  uTi^r  the  winter. 

Il  !•   well   known^  t)rat  one  of  tb(» 
jp^eftte^t  looial  evil«  of  Mexioo  k  tbe  in* 
pttollt^"     f  -.-.>;irt^^^  j^j.  tjje  law  which 
jpidto   I  (jf  a  debtor,  unabk^  to 

*^  Ml'^'^  ^'^  ^^  ^''^  cr^iti^r.     We 

'4n?^ *  *^ ^^  h*>^ ^  *t  Temdei* 

OM,  y  oii:  liiiia  afforded  me  an 

y<seisic>a  to  t^hn^rvti  tiow  ilm  Inithnium 
or  law  It  wtirkif^tfi  and  t«iu|{ht  uie  inon» 
llian  a  wIhiIv  voTanKi  on  fi»sioo  oould 


.  hA»^  taught  m<«. 

nno, 

Hi  fi  few 

1. 

:<  on  cre- 

tk»  m*i..    ...  .,  ^ 

al^jwa  with  a 

UiUT 

[ir«t#iKled  10  he 

writt4^n  hj  bb  dying  futlier,  in  whieh  he^ 
the  non,  was  r«oiimmemku]  t^i  T)ou  GitiU 
Icrmo,  who  was  entronted  tt>  eitvnd  to 
the  tatter  tliefri«iiili»hi]>  ht^  hud  :»hovvn  to 
the  form*5r.  Don  Guilk'rino  ei*mjdied 
with  the  rcf)iM«tf  and  the  youn|^  iimn 
totjk  a  htU  i^f  goftd^  on  orodit.  Throo 
ytmm  paits^d  BintM*  thiit  utue^  and  he  did 
not  [lay.  Now  Don  OullUTnin  ^nddcnly 
appeariLMl  at  T^mifjaadijo.  ^' Where  ii 
Niitividiid  Andrada  living  t*'  liu  uaktsd 
ttie  tiriit  pern  in  he  met,  *^  There  i»»  tbe 
hoi  1*0  of  hi*  mother,"  waa  the  answer, 
while  the  f*lam  waa  pointed  out  with  tbe 
hand.  We  rode  up  btjfore  ita  door,  in 
which  a  dt^eent  kioKinic  old  woman  ap- 
peared, ^'U  Natividad  Andrada  ini" 
^  No,  *^ir;^  "li  be  ntorf"  **Yei^sir, 
be  ia  in  tbe  villoge.'^  **  Then,  hi  hlni 
oome;  I  niuut  t^fieak  him."  In  n  few 
minntee  he  appeared,  Hq  was.  a  j^rmtig 
man  of  line  pro|>orttonM  and  a  regular 
face^  whode  ortfciii ally  nohla  eipreeuloiH 
however,  was  disturbed  by  the  eonse- 
^nenec^  of  a  disorderly  life.  "  Nativi- 
luid/'  Don  Gtiilk^rmo  aJdrea^  hiio,  ^*ae 
you  do  not  come  to  me,  1  must  come  to 
you.  Why  did  I  never  aoe  yon  at  Chi- 
hnahoaf"  *^t5ir,  1  was  unable  to  pay 
yon ;  I  had  no  money,'*  •"  Cati  yon  pay 
m©  now  ?'*  "  No,  hir,  T  caimot ;  I  am 
jHKjr;  J  have  nothing,*'  *^  Di>  von  know 
how  much  yon  owe  mef  **  Sot  eiaet* 
ly,  air/*  *Mt  is  three  hundred  d-dkra,*' 
**It  i»  eo,  a8  yonr  jmoe  my^  wh*^  **And 
you  really  cAniiut  bay  met  **  No.  aifi" 
**  Not  even  part  of  ytior  debt  f"  ^*  I  have 
iioUirug.*^  '*  Then  you  must  comi»  atoctf 
with  m^s  and  [  Mhidl  fiiak^  yon  work. 
'^  Well,  air,  1  think  it  is  but  just."  *^Th©n 
tuake  ready ;  t*T  I  am  reiunnii^  without 
delay.'*  "Iamrej«dy.  Whsitliiave  on 
my  lK»dy  h  all  t  have  to  take  along*" 
ThU  property  etiftai^ted  of  an  old  straw 
hat,  a  ragfTt^u  obi  bhinket^  a  ct^iarse  cot- 
tcm  t^hirt,  a  pair  of  wide  jumialooiia  of 
unbleached  euttoti,  and  a  pair  uf  ean- 

Dnring  tbia  whole  i^onve ration,  we 
bad  not  alighted  from  our  hoc»e«^  and 
the  old  woman  had  aaid  nothing.  Now 
ahe  biiTbt  forth  in  teani,  whlk«  nhe  ed« 
dr«-«^d  Don  Giidlermo  :  **  Your  Grtn^e  b 
In  yotir  right/* ulicftaid,  *^but  hi>w  inimr- 
ibfe  am  I — flld  and  helploa-t  m  1  am  t  lie 
la  my  onjy  ohdd  ;  yet  I  havn  long  kmiwn 
that  he  woubl  not  \*v  tbe  c4jn^ujlatiou  nf 
inyiige.  lie  did  not  follow  the  exitn4»U^ 
of  hw  father.  Bui^  alight  from  y^uir 
bormw,  gt^ntkmen,  and  enter  my  bumhk 
dwelling,*^  nhe  added,  with  tiial  ynYiiu^ 
which  U  natural  even  to  the  lowest 


418 


A  Trip  from  Chihuahua  to  th£  Sierra  Madn, 


[OeL 


cf  Spftnish  extrAction^  ntid  t^lia  repeated 
Ijer  invitation  till  we  oocej»l^,  **  Yas.^* 
taid  Don  Gaillermo,  on  e u ten  ng  tire  little 
hou9e^  ^^hh  father  h&«  baen  an  himest 
man.  But  how  came  it  that  Ijis  saw  is 
in  fio  bad  circnmstAnoo^  I"  *^0,  sir,  the 
boy  garabled  away  all  he  had.''  "  With- 
ont  tlie  letter  of  hit}  dying  father,  I  wottld 
not  have  gfiven  bim  credit ;  how  coald 
hji  grace  write  that  letterj  koowlnf  the 
b^  character  of  Ins  boh  ?"  *'  O,  tir,  xny 
husband  never  wrote  that  letter;  the 
boy,  following  the  bad  advice  of  a  oom- 
pauion,  forged  it."  "Then  it  it  right 
that  yon  are  punished,"  said  Don  Gtiil- 
lerriio  addressing  NMtividad ;  *^  and  yon, 
fteHora,^^  he  added,  peaking  to  the  old 
woman,  "  may  eonaolaie  yourself.  Th© 
boy,  a^  be  is  now,  is  of  no  ad  vantage  to 
yon.  I  shall  take  care  of  him,  I  sball 
to.'icb  him  how  to  work  and  live  in 
a  decent  manner,  and,  if  poasible,  shall 
mako  him  re  torn  to  yon  an  honest  man. 
Yon  ftbttll  go  with  me  to  Texes/^  he  aaid 
to  the  young  man.  **  Whenever  yotfl^ 
Grace  pleases,^*  he  replied ;  and,  after  a 
short  delay  more,  dnring  which  we  toot 
some  *Mortillas**  and  ^^frijiiles,"  while  Fa* 
tividad  went  tt)  see  a  young  woman  and 
a  child  of  which  he  was  the  father,  we 
kft. 

It  i>*  worthy  of  remark  Omt  this  whole 
transaction^  w!iich  entirely  changed  the 
aitnatiim  of  a  futnily  in  les9  than  half- 
an*hourf  was  without  the  interference 
of  an y  pn bl ie  autliori ty .  Wh en  we  cam e 
hack  to  the  Villa  do  la  Concepcion, 
nearly  the  same  transaction  was  repeated 
in  respect  to  ani>iher  debtor  of  Dun 
Gaillurnio,  Gaaflalujw  Vargas  appeared 
to  b#  a  very  smart  and  saurlml,  hut 
eqitttlly  careless  and  gwid-natnred  fellow* 
He  1 1  ad  been  a  podkr»  had  bought  goods 
on  credit,  had  gambled  the  valoe  away, 
and,  like  Natividad,  had  left  Don  Gnil- 
lermo  nttpaid.  And  he  made  a?t  little 
resisif^nce  to  follow  us  as  his  fellow 
debtor  had  made — i  ho  ugh  he  ac<:*epted 
his  fat©  in  a  very  different  rnotjd.  When 
he  heard  that  he  would  have  to  follow 
hi*s  new  ma^^ter  on  a  voyage  to  Texas,  he 
merely  begged  leave  U>  ^ee  his  old 
tni^ther^  who  was  living  at  a  village  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Oaneta?^  &onie  dis- 
tance aside  of  oar  road.  *^  He  wanted  the 
blessings  of  hi^  mother  f^r  his  long  and 
<)ftngerons  voynge  in  a  foreign  cimntry,'* 
he  mvA^  In  a  mc^t  fHvoLon^  mixture  of 
piety  and  sarcasra.  Katividad,  who, 
witli  all  hi*  vjce% showed  a  more  serii»t3a 
aud  sentimental  character,  sighed  deeply, 
"My  mother,"  he   said  with  an    ei- 


preasion  of  iadness  and  regret»  **  will  not 
bless  me  V  '*  Man  i'*  Guadalupe  address* 
^  him,  "what^  dost  thou  aigh  now? — 
Regret  is  good  for  nothing! — Bc^n  a  new 
life! — Di>es  not  Don  Gntlkmio^  a  most 
excellent  and  acooinplished  gentleman^ 
open  the  gates  of  the  world  to  thee  ?-- 
What  dost  thon  know  of  the  world  1 — 
Nothing! — Now  tbon  wilt  knf»w  ii!^ 
Thou  wilt  see  the  United  Slates  !—Ti ion 
wilt  become  a  in  an  I — Thou  wilt  pay  thy 
debts  I— and  when,  after  an  absence  o? 
years,  tbon  wilt  come  back  to  thy  narive 
place^  thy  mother  may  be  dead,  but  thy 
children  will  be  grown  np^  and  their 
lather  may  even  aspire  to  become  alcalde 
of  Tem6sBchiof' 

All  thij  is  m  entirely  chara<?tenslie  of 
Mexican  life  that  I  oonld  not  omit 
its  particulars.  The  two  fellows  who 
now  were,  and  still  are  the  peones  of 
1)00  Guiliermo,  exhibit  some  of  the  bad 
and  some  of  tie  griod  onalicies  of  Meii- 
cans,  or  if  the  reader  does  not  figi^e  to 
find  any  of  the  latter  in  the  two  charae* 
ters  m  1  have  represented  them,  I  may 
say  that  good  qualities,  at  least,  were 
readily  developed  in  them  tw  soon  j^ 
they  were  placed  under  better  mora!  in- 
fluences than  those  nnder  which  they 
had  formerly  lived,  I  hav©  since  travel* 
led  with  both  thei©  men  through  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  state  of  Chihua- 
hua and  down  to  San  Antonio  de 
Bexar,  and  have  been  pleased  tit  i^e 
their  honesty,  aotivlcy  and  good  will. 
And  their  situation  is  that  of  the  Me:ii- 
cjin  nation  in  general — a  nation  which  is 
plained  by  the  history  of  the  whole 
Spanish  race  under  circumstances  moist 
unfavorable  t^o  moral  development,  but 
is  endowed  with  g«>od  natoral  qualities 
which  TV  in  not  be  lost  in  the  destiny  of 
the  new  worlds 

Btit  I  have  to  return  onoe  more  to 
Tem6Bachic,  and  to  relate  the  few  inoi- 
dentfi  of  our  voyage  back  to  Ohihmihua, 
which  may  be  worth  mentioning. 

While  in  the  house  of  N  a 

fine  yonng  woman  came  in,  ii^  ir 

information  of  her  hnsband,  who  }  ~ 
gone  to  Ghihuahua,  and  was  absent 
yond  the  nsual  time.  I  mention  \ 
i>ecanj*e  ehe  had  an  appeArrtnce  rety* 
different  from  what  is  be)ievcd  to  be 
the  exclusive  type  of  Mexican  b1oo4., 
8f(e  liad  t]axen  hair,  blue  ^^^^^-^  '"nd 
the  fairest  and  most  dellcJi  t- 

ion.     Persons  of   this    de?*ci',  _r^* 

not  at  all  rare  In  the  ^''tieiTa  rriii,"  or 
high  cool  refrioo  of  northern  Mexico, 
Whether  it  is  th&  lutluence  of  dtmAte  tnd 


I»5I.] 


A  Trip  from   Chihuahua  in  ths  Sierra  Mad  re. 


An 


jtuUon, 


"J 

.day  Qt 

*i  inrtE  constitution^ 
do  not  pr^ame  ta 


cUtiiAtc  und  i-inm\[i\  i*i 
iNfhal  ibey  |jrov«j  I  do 

Wbca  wc  (tiontJtedour  horse i^  to  kave 
Tfti^'.-  i'^^ii-  T  f*.lp  J.-wktHl  by  the  ide& 
of  •  cl  tQ  ftjUow  us  an 

ft*«  '  ^'ith  the  live  J  J 

ev»r    Mf    i-ii  i\   I, a  only  looked  in 

''  !i:  1-  ■  :  :  1  lii-iit  at  hiiii  as  he  trotted 
J  ■■/  ii.  <  i*  I'liiliful  dog,  now  behin*!, 
I  "A  !-Turi%  now  m\d&  of  ue.  At  Con- 
'  i  ".i  he  w«A  Joined  by  GuAdfilofse, 
V,    .   -     vvlnaosi^i  at  first  ftturt,  proved  in* 

II'!,  :.  :  I  ',.  k^\*  with  that  of  our  car* 
,  i  r  !  itj  I  sv  In  I  wotiQ  learned  how  t<>  niovo 
^i  I'  .S  wh^Q  ho  saw  OD  ilteroativ'e  but 
► :'   ' '  t«  f'^Ilow  or  to  be  left  behind  in 

'  A  I,  -I.  HH  wilbout  arms,  and  to  rnn 
1^    ^^,  ..f  hiinjE  wsalped  by  mm.9 

•J  J  vs.    Tlib  tnttBt  appear 

r-ii.  \vlif»  considore  it  nnd«r 

a»<-'!..  hi  a  MeiioaQ  fjoint  ^f  view, 
Afv*^  111'  rirnt  day  I  however,  the  two 
jliliiawi  ofUn  amuied  thcm^'hes,  jtist  ii 
4op  use  to  do,  to  ran  ali<»ad  of  the 
omifAi  wlitle  U  watt  In  il«  fjukkeat 
iDCitloiL  What  He^dcana  of  the  kiwer 
dii^ei  ctan  acooinpliih  in  travelling  ou 
Ibof  Sa  lusftrly  incsrmlibl*?.  When,  in  the 
month  of  April,  Geii*jral  Tria*  march«4 
on  MeinllA,  I  travelled  with  the  bHf^le, 
and  lyid  tx;ca.^io»  to  witaw*  the  whole 
lA&ntry  tn>tttng  wilhont  iiit^^rnipritju 
ibr  boain^  to  keep  pace  wKh  the  cavalry, 
crtiUm'  and  wagons,  whateT«r  the  rate 
might  W  at  which  tlxe  honiea  cotild  i^t 
aUtnig  on  a  gooil  pteeo  of  roai] ;  and  one 
day  tho  brigade  made  twenty-eight 
leaguiM,  or  IlioQt  eij^hty  milee  in  twenty- 
font  huuF9  to  Tvi%i*h  ine  next  wat^riog 
plac*^,  and  xi*>i  *n\\y  ft<ildlern  but  even 
women.  Variiig  t\  \\nl€>  child  on  one 
arm  and  a  cnUbrt^h  with  water  in  the 
liaild  of  the  otlitr  otr\  Trmde  that  forced 
maroh,  no  wldeh  to  bidd  back  wu  to 
dtoL 

We  panied  the  firat  night  on  onr 
waj  bide  at  the  rmneho  of  Don  Blit 
BeM!»EDO*  If  tlie  Ati^Hea  kill  a  greal 
namli«r  of  pi-*oplo  in  tbi»  conn  try  i  tbe 
aorrivurft  knaw  how  to  reat^ire  the 
lonM««  **  Qne  nnKi4iii^ber{n  T' — *^  what  a 
btry  of  girl"!" — criiHl  Je«d«  Ilatnin- 
gIl^^.  when  wc  i}rit4.<red  Ihtt  courl-yard 
of  iLl*  ranclio,  and  saw  uj*  ^urroorided 
by  inure  than  half  a  dozen  of  young 
women.      Our  wonder,    however,    in- 


creased,  when^,  attrneted  by  cnruraity, 
aome  doxen*  of  chiklren  as^^nibled 
amund  UH,  all  of  ihi^in  ihe  offj^pring  of 
the  inmitii  of  tbgt  i»iiigki  hinm*,  Paini- 
liee  with  a  numi'rou**  oftvprlng  arc,  in- 
deed, Tery  eoininon  in  this  part  uf  Mexl- 
00.  At  8anto  Tomaa,  where  w«  ptonn^d 
the  folio  wing  nighty  the  wife  of  our  hoi^it^ 
who  vfm  o'lite  a  young  and  very  line- 
looking  tad^,  tohl  vin  that  she  wm  the 
mother  of  eight  ehildrcn. 

At  ihifl  latter  place  we  went,  in  com- 
pany of  the  aJcald©  or  ohiof  lojurisitrwt^, 
Ut  »m  t!ie  church,  a  down-crambling  ^di* 
fiec%  hniit  by  the  Jesuits,  who  fln^t  esUb- 
U«hed  here  a  mission  a^nong  the  Tarn- 
mares.  Tiie  high  altar,  with  its  sur 
rounding  ornaments  and  the  ceiling,  are 
thickly  covereil  with  gold.  T  bo  ugh 
nothing  of  gixn)  taste  can  be  expecte<!  at 
tuch  a  place,  atlll  there  is  a  consldvrubttL^ 
degree  of  fluish  on  that  part  of  the  in* 
tenor.  The  rest  consists  eillier  of  naked 
wallft,  or  is  ornamented  in  the  mo^t  bar- 
baroiw  style.  Amowg  ditferent  paiEit* 
Ings  of  very  di^erent  merit  is  tliat  of 
one  of  the  fimt  pailrei  and  moat  aetive 
nriwionarie**,  who  died  hers  in  IWO* 

In  a  ro*>in  below  the  church  are  the 
nepnlchrea  of  all  the  padrea  who  have 
ended  their  live*  here.  Among  them  i^ 
that  of  the  founder  of  the  tnia^on.  The 
alcalde  lad  ub  down.  When  we  arriveil 
we  foutkd  Jeeos  Bomluguez,  who  h»d 
preceded  na,  ttanding  before  the  em- 
bnlrned  eorpee  of  that  e&me  saint — for 
the  rtadre  really  has  lieen  canoiiii^ed — 
which  be  had  taken  out  of  his  grave 
afid  p!ac«d  upright  agatns^t  the  wall 
*hisi  &>•  we  entered  he  wa«  addrt^^htg 
ttu*  4»rpf«e  In  a  moat  frivolous  manner, 
making  ftome  very  disrespectful  craint>* 
logical  Tvmarki  on  the  exoeedingly  Hinall 
«ke  of  ita  ^nJl,  The  alcalde  laughed. 
We  ordered  the  corpse  to  be  carefnlly 
replaced,  and  the  grave  to  be  woU  »]int 
i|^in,  Tbia  little  Tueideot  h  quite  dm* 
meteriatic  In  respect  to  the  pre'*ei»E  iitati» 
of  retigioui!!  fwlingn,  if  not  in  Mi^silco  to 
general,  of  w filch  I  do  not  venture  to 
Jndge,  at  leaat^  In  the  Btate  of  Chlhna- 

I  liiire  notblnff  lo  relate  of  our  iiecond 
itay  it  Oonoeiyekm,  eioept  that  Ll»e  wea* 
ther  had  beeonte  eieeodingly  eold,  and 
•coordinglT  the  krge  ^^iiiii*'  in  Uk* 
bonae  of  tkin  Raphael,  having  neitber 
wbilow  or  flre*pla«5,  v«ry  nnoomfortA* 
bli?.  TbI*  waft  ntii  the  fault  of  our  kind 
boft,  who  treated  ue  in  the  incMt  hoBpi- 


>  rr«CB  Ui*  ^9  4*  Laicro  lo  aaii4aitotit,  oo  1^  1Iq  Qraud*.    flit  QiMraot  Qni»  ht4  aa  vuiv. 


inmli 


430 


A  Trip  from  Chihuahum  to  (he  Skrra  Mad  re* 


table  itiAnner,  aad  ilii  eveiytljmg  to 
honor  and  please  clp.  Chimijeys  &re 
rarelj\  and  glass  wiin3owB  nearly  never 
found  in  Umi  eouftiry.  Everybody-,  m 
culd  Vrvather,  is  wrapt  in  his  **ier«(ie'* 
(blanket)  or  **  capa  "  (cloak),  ev^n  ia  his 
room.  The  poor  people  who  have  not 
anfiiel&nt  coTering,  naffer  exceadinglj 
during  tJie  c^ld  mmon.  As  soon  aa  the 
iim  nae«  m  tha  momiog,  tbey  ore  B«ea 
to  itaad  about  in  the  streets  and  lefin 
agaiiiflt  the  w^^  of  the  houses,  for  the 
purpose  of  thawing  their  atiflen*?d  limbs 
in  iti)  rajs.  Happily  tbe^  rajs  are  very 
warm,  even  in  winter,  while  a  piercing 
cold  may  prevail  in  the  shflAle* 

From  ite  Ranrhitoi  to  Ooyuchio  we 
totik  a  route  difffertnt  from  that  by 
whioh  w©  had  (iome.  We  passed  we^t  of 
the  Lagnna  de  Cerro  Prieto,  at  tli©  very 
foot  of  the  Sierra  Madre^  whioii,  however, 
near  as  we  were,  we  could  not  see*  the 
atmosphere  being  entirely  obscured  by 
fall i Jig  mow.  We  passed  a  night  at 
Cerro  Frieto,  where  the  direct  roS  from 
Gbibuahua  to  the  mine^  of  Jcf^n^  Maria 
enters  the  Sierra.  We  then  came  to  the 
village  of  Los  Danos  (the  plains),  situa- 
ted at  the  lake  of  that  same  naine^  and, 
travelling  along  its  northeastern  shore, 
arrived  at  the  Bajio  del  Ohato.  A**  al- 
ready ob^ryed,  we  had  the  good  for- 
tune of  seeing  no  Ai>aches  at  that  ill- re- 
puted place.  We  did  nut  pass  it,  how- 
ever, without  having,  at  least,  some 
little  emtement.  Ju^t  at  the  most  dan- 
geront  apot,  where  a  litUe  ravine  runs 
down  from  the  southern  extremity  of 
the  Sierra  d©  las  Casns  Ooloradas  against 
the  lake^  a  cloud  of  crane^  getse^  and 
ducks,  suddenly  rose  more  than  a  thoti* 
i^nd  steps  before  us.  As  we  saw  no 
traveller  on  tlie  road — ^who  could  have 
sdired  these  birds  but  some  Apaches  ? — 
eigna  like  thia  are  always  regarded  as 
warnings  in  an  Indian  country.  Jesus 
Domingnez  rode  np  to  our  carrhigie  and 
calmly  obiter ved  that,  "Loa  Indios  *' 
might  be  in  the  "arroyo."  And  here 
again  he  s^bowed  hh  coarage.  Handing 
his  bat  over  to  ns,  he  bound  a  handker- 


chief round  hts  head  to  keep  his  long 
h^r  trom  falling  over  his  eyes,  he  pnt 
frei^  caps  D^jon  his  ritie  and  pi^itula,  and 
fearlessly  galloped  ahead  straight  to  the 
very  place  of  snpfKJsed  danger.  We 
armed  each  of  the  two  men  who  formed 
our  infantry,  pkced  our  revolvers  and 
rifles  at  hand,  and  followed  him.  No 
enemy,  however,  coo  Id  be  disicovered. 
A  little  farther  on  a  new  ahu-m  wm 
given.  Donuuguez  had  advanced  ao 
much  tlmt  he  was  covered  to  onr  v!ew 
by  a  little  elevation  of  the  savanna. 
Suddenly  we  aaw  a  traveller  at  n  dis- 
tance to  our  right,  who  made  signs  to  ns 
to  hasten  on^  pointing  in  the  direction  of 
Dominguez.  We  coidd  ouly  snpp)»e  that 
he  was  attacked  by  the  savages.  I 
grasped  the  rifle,  Dtm  Guillenno  drove 
the  horses  into  ^lop;  Nativldod  and 
Gandalupe  kept  patje  with  them,  and 
thns  we  raced  up  ihe  Httle  hill,  where 
we  saw  our  servant  standing  quietlv  in 
the  road  with  a  peaceable  traveller, 
whom  ihe  other  one  to  oor  right 
hand  had  seen  approaching,  and  belie vt?d 
to  be  an  Apache.  Trifling  as  ihejsMs  little 
incidents  are,  they  show  the  degree  of 
fear  and  excitement  in  which  the  tnha« 
bitanta  of  this  country  are  constantly 
kept  while  travelling. 

The  rest  of  odr  voyage  pa^iod  with- 
out any  accident^  and  we  iJafely  arrived 
al  Chihuahaa  after  on  absence  of  aeven* 
teen  days. 

If  the  kind  reader  should  ask  how  it 
happened  that,  travelling  through  a 
country  reported  to  be  tlie  moat  danger- 
ona  part  of  the  Btate  of  Chihuahua,  I 
have  not  even  seen  those  terrible 
Apaches^  of  whom  I  have  spoken  bo 
much,  I  have  to  answer » that  tljew 
savages  are  rarely  to  be  seen  «xeept 
when  they  attack,  and  that  they  never 
attack  except  when  they  believe  thern* 
selves  sure  of  inceeas  without  rthking 
too  much.  If,  therefore^  I  had  sc^e-n 
them  on  this  joumey,  it  is  ver^-  likely  I 
should  be  noable  to  give  a  description  of 
the  interview. 


J 


in 


A   THANKSaiVISIG. 

MY  heart  la  full  pf  iongi  UQRung, 
Thftt  fh^mr  Ibc  ilowtwMi  tif  my  tongue ; 
Ami  LIml  tjehcada  how  Ibroufwt  with  ptake 
Mj  though t!i  walk  down  the  sikrU  wnji 
That  IrftiT  from  life, 
I  praj^  lhu0  wlih  four  bȣi4  In  mine, 
We  mfty  encoiitiber  FroierplnQ 
At  eTeuingf  wile. 

You  know,  mj  love  by  ftoy  grace 

Wm  c»ught»  till  held  In  jowt  emhraee. 

But  ir  true-love  mm  tbM  esUte, 

Some  truer  word  must  Tbdlcste 

llif  pf«ieat  life. 

I  bj  ftod  mug  by  Hlppwrene 

To  yoor  iweet  ejes,  who  should  bate  bees 

In  lAttleT  wife. 

But  now  If  aoy  ill  or  ewe 

AimU  me,  'til  DOt  hard  to  b«si- 

Witti  you.    Aod  iiweet  becomes  more  iweel^ 

And  In  tbe  footprmto  of  your  feet 

Bloouks  my  full  life. 

Wbftt  matler.  from  it*  atairy  aim 

My  aluat  diverged,  your  eyea  proclaim 

The  victor,  wife. 

/  Tictor  t    Go,  give  God  tbe  gloij : 

'Tli  too  Improbable  a  itory. 

Do  I  not  wonder  every  day, 

Am  me  migbt*  finding  fruit  in  May, 

Tl»t  tbii  my  life 

With  no  noe  purpose  writ  begnn, 

Jm  «r0Wii«d  before  tbe  tmc^  h  run, 

fij  thee,  sweet  wife  t 

Yoa  wHaj  ma  bete.    Wntl,  be  It  so^ 

Tel  wbca  I  Mi*  yon  softly,  know 

It  ilia  pledge  or  feftUy 

Tbst  ray  wone  i|>trlt  owes  to  theei 

AhytterlifiBl 

Witbont  tfaet :  uul  ab  i  gcniie  ileatb 

Tliftt  joioa  UM  W  a  fieetlng  brs^tb, 

For  ever,  wiJSif 


THE   S  HA  DOW. 

rp  HEKK  li  bat  one  mti  Mrrow. 
X     All  over  tbe  widUi  wide  world  j 
Hut  ibat  la  tuni  ramit  r\di  us  ftll, — 
Th«  Sbaidow  tbat  movea  behind  ib«  pdU 
A  flftf  tbml  y  never  fiirled, 

Titt  b»  In  mi  iMiraMag  eromm 

fit  tttniioU  of  tb«  doOTf 
VtmpM  A  plaot  la  Ibfl  bioer  mom 
Ifboft  te  brooda  in  t^  ft  wfta  biuii  ud  i^ 

Ttll  h9  gomn  and  oomtfl  no  mora  1 

Sftve  ib!iv  ttiiav  la  no  iorrow. 

Wbst«vcr  we  tbijik  wa  feel ; 
But  when  Deatb  comea^  airi  evtr : 
'Tla  a  blow  tbat  wu  never  recov^, 

A  wound  Ihftl  wlU  iiav«t  ^«iil 


4t9 


[Out 


CAUSES    AND   CONSEQUENCES   OF    THE    EUSSIAN    WAE, 


PAST  ^Jsn>  FBE&wnt. 


SUOH  is  the  title  wbi^h  we  gi? e  to  tha 
following  article.  In  onr  next  number, 
it  is  our  pDqxjse  to  follow  It  up  wiib  a 
Beoond,  to  be  called  :  **  RueeiA,  Prbskst 
ANt>  FonXM."  Within  the  compJi?«  of 
tbese  two  artielcs,  of  moderate  length,  it 
h  onr  desiro  and  iDtentii>ii  to  trt^At  of 
tliose  thlnga  in  ihe  History^  Fretseut  Con- 
di don  and  ProtpeotA  of  that  great  em- 
pire, which  may  be  interesting  to  onr 
rea-k^rsat  tbia  mora  en  tons  period;  and 
isipeciallj  of  such  erenta  as  may  throw 
NJtne  light  on  the  cansea  and  probable 
results  of  the  present  war  between  lins- 
^«la  and  Turkey,  in  which  England  and 
^Prance  are  taking  bo  remarkable  a  parL 
and  Ui  which  Anatria,  Fi^iissU,  and 
b  wed  en  hold  relations  so  interesting  and 
ini|iortant. 

It  is  with  good  reason  that  well-In- 
fc^nijed  men, — men  of  a  philosophical 
spirit^  who  have  read  history  not  simply 
t4>know  the  PjiKt,  bnt  also  to  foreknow  the 
Futurt?, — are  beginning  to  contemplate 
the  position,  great  eii^nt,  imnJcase  re- 
fi^iUPces,  and  ym.l  military  «trtngth  of 
the  Russian  empire  witb  very  serious 
appreheusi'm.  The  portion  of  that  em- 
pire which  lies  in  Enrope  Is  greater  by 
more  ihan  aqnarterof  amillionof  gqnare 
miles  I  ban  all  the  reii  of  that  continent. 
The  Asiatic  is  far  mora  than  double  the 
European  part  in  geographical  extent — 
the  former  having  nearly  4,500,000 
tiqnare  miles.^  and  the  latter  2,025,000 — 
and  if  we  add  RuKsiia  in  America,  and 
the  Island  of  Nova  ZernblaT  we  shall  tind 
that  the  Ru!?i$ian  empire  c^>nt«ios  more 
[than  ievtfi  miUhm  qf  §quare  MtY-ev,  and 
li  little  le^  than  one-^venth  part  of  the 
land-stirface  of  the  earth !  It  is  the 
largest  ctnpire  of  which  history  has  ever 
ipoken.  1  bat  of  Rome  ^vas  not  so  ei- 
tenaivej  nor  will  those  of  Alexander, 
THnierlane  and  Oharlemitgne  compare 
with  it. 

On  the  other  band,  furraidable  as  Rus- 
t!a  really  ift,  her  power  is  far  fmm  cor- 
.  responding  to  her  geograpliieal  dimen- 
Isions.    In  thb  respect,  the  Roman  em- 
pire   in    its    palmieist    daji*, — iliofle    of 
Trajan^  when  it  had  one  hundred  and 
twenty     milU(in:s    of    inhabitants, — fiir 
'  B^cceeded  anything  which  Ru^*)ia  has  yet 
[•teached;  fur  it  induiJe<l  all  Middle  and 
kmthern  Europe,  Northern  AiHca  and 
m  Aakf  ta  the  cottfin«a  of  IndiA^ 


and  the  Mediterranean  Sea  waa  nothing 
but  a  Roman  lake.  Never  did  an  em- 
pire posaeaa  advantages  of  climatei,  soil^ 
produetiaos  and  facilities  for  intercora- 
monication,  comparable  to  that  of  which 
the  "Seven  HilJed  Ciiy  on  the  Tiber'" 
was  the  capital.  In  tha^  respects  the 
empire  of  the  Cxara  is  far  iVom  being 
dqaal  to  that  of  the  Ctnears.  On  the 
contrary,  ftom  its  very  nortliem  jK"p^Jtion, 
and  the  aterility  of  the  soil  in  imniem^ 
portions  of  it,  the  Rueaian  empire  labors 
under  Tery  great  disadTanti^eflL  With 
the  eioepiion  of  the  trani-Caucasiaa 
proTince  of  Georgia,  no  portion  of  the 
Kuja«ian  empire  lies  eouth  of  42'=*  50'; 
whilst  its  extreme  northern  line  ia  In 
latitude  79,  We  may  safely  lay  that 
neariy  all  of  it  thai  is  of  much  ac^yinut 
for  agriculture  J  lies  between  latitudes  of 
44^  and  60^,  This  zone,  Ifi  degre<*s  (or 
1112  miles)  in  width,  in  eludes  tlie  Fontb- 
orn  part  of  the  entire  empire,  with  the 
exception  of  Georgia,  Tliii  20 ne^  wa 
may  may  add,  in  eludes,  it  is  probable, 
foar-flftha,  if  not  more,  of  thi^  entire 
population.  Even  in  the  louibern  mir- 
tion  of  the  empire,  there  ia  scarcely  a 
river  which  r^  atit  froien  up  during  four 
months  every  winter ;  whibt  tbo^ie  m 
the  northern  are  rendered  un navigable, 
for  tlie  iame  CAUse,  &om  six  to  eight. 
All  the  seaports  are  closed  for  months 
by  the  ice ;  and  eomn;erce  entirely  ceasee 
dmiug  that  reason  of  the  year, 

A  a  to  the  }>opt]]ation  of  the  Russiaa 
empire,  y&ry  diliereot  estimates  are  made 
by  ditiVrtnt  author? — from  67  up  to  70,- 
000,000 !  Ir.  is  evident  that  many  writers 
are  deceived  by  not  luokin^  at  tb«  Bn»* 
sian  authcjritiefi  with  sutliflen^  eare  ;  for 
these  i*eldoTn  itt elude  eil  her  modern  Po- 
land or  Fiidarid  in  what  tfiey  call  fiuj^ia. 
The  oonsefjuence  i?*,  thai  wlten  they  ^peak 
of  fKipulatiun  of  the  country,  DUiuber  of 
Roman  Caiholicay  Jewa,  &c  it  is  abso- 
Intely  neoepsary  to  kno>v  whether  they 
mean  to  include  the  u>h/>ls  empire,  as  it 
now  stands,  or  not;  fur  want  of  prei?iaioii 
in  this  reapect,  tlie  authorri  of  the  mw^uih 
edition  of  the  /T  '  ■  ""  tJea 
have  committed  -,«- 

rious  nature  in   thi:-jj    jKur.  .iji. 

The  saTnu  thing  waa  done  1  in, 

Wm,  IL  Seward,  in  a  e^peec..  .^.j,.Li  Im 
delivered  in  the  8enaty  of  the  United 
Bt&les,  fr&w  year^  ag^  in  which  he  ^d 


Onusei  and  Cotrnf/mtica  of  (lie  Mummn  War* 


in 


1  Uw  |K>ptikllati  of  Um^  wif  04,- 
iIjOOO,    If  h«  liJul  atliied  iJie  |>i>p(iliitioti 

Bobild  mud  Finkrid  ho  wtmld  nol 
lf«  btvii  nmdk  t^lde  from  tbo  irutb|  m 

WWq  W9  wtf«  in  St.  Pet^rsbufff  m 
I^Mu  Qntnl  Kbtcsle^,  llie  mirUAtcr  r^l'  the 
PuKlttO  f>i)rnniiti'.  w^s  kitid  i^nutigh  lu 
ft%m  ft  H*kj  in  iht*  lJy|iHrt- 

t  of  tL  I ,  ija  well  IIS  I>t>rii  lua 

itiy   BtaLt«Lic»    rcUting    Ui    the 
At   that    tltEte,   lie  tki^ared   ug 
I'pMPllklian  of  th6  entire  «mpirti  nnglii 

aiiw    pr*jbably   not  for  imm   fl»  or 
(>,O0iJ;  iif  wbioli  aboQt  fl3,0«0,000 
ft  in  Ettnipfftii  liinada^  Uiclndm\£  iirtHiorn 
{a  ocrantry   ttlwut   ixs    Urge  a^ 
jWaEtiftf  fttitl   lijivmg  ft  poptilntion 
'  4jBiOU,UOO  i*r   G,0oa,0f)<i>,    die    IMm 
¥»  (CuttrlAnd^   Liviinia,  mnl  Etf 
wbioh    once    belonged    to    tl^e 
SiHinU  ttt  Pnmaia  mad  t^  Hw^tWn)^  and 
I  iimtof  will  eh  bai  beori  ttiirn^^- 

^^i II  within  the  present  eentury. 
li  w*U  be  *oen,  from  thb  fetjiteiucnt, 
Ui»i  thv  A)«t]itie  and  Ainerican  pi>riioLifl 
^0f  tb«    Hui^ian   empire   wmi  be   very 
hitiljr  popalattKl.     In  fflct  tiicy  nre  bnt 
wortbt  aioepting  for    their  VMt 
ittK>ar43Qti^   tbutr  ti^heiiei^  and 
ir  AtfN        '     '  UH,    4Siberi%  a*  ib« 
of  Aima  (with  tb*  ex* 

[  «il  v»*«i[|.niiK  ii*  eoniinnr.!-'  --^i    » 
h  Ta^t  exu«nti»r  tnvimiam^  •■ 
I  or  §t4ffii49^  wiih  a  n^ry  ^i ;.....   j  l   - 
of   gnjtitid  fit  for    cultivfttti>n, 
Bve  known  tit  rson  ally  ftOVeral  go  ti- 
ll, Rtiifeiliii  t%^  wbu  resided 
rtim««lMth4^r.               ^  imd  tliey  har« 
I  Op  but  titio  ttvii  tilt  Pity  in  r«^gn^d  ti) 
land  dre«ry  n^jrion.     It  i;*  only 
i  tilt  wtaioro  and  i^^oiht^rn  [mrtioiL^  of 
wbtm  ItJi  |^4d,  f44tina,  aivil  other 
-m  thtf  (>urd  AltJii  inpimtAJn^^ 
fiMtud,  that  thvre  U  aiiy  |)«rnmnffnt 
daiLrn  wiirth  rij>eHkiok'  1*^    It  b  t*j 
«  fxulion*  ol  S(1h  ria  i\\i\l  I  he  **  Otiti- 
'**  are  ieiit — from   *icvcn  to  eight 
ft&wt%tj  )'t»iir — not  to  wrtfk  in  tins 
Aut%^  nave  in  tht^  e^xi^is  o["  j^rr^jf  cdmi* 
but  to  bcrorno  irr/i  <if'  M*  fro^n^ 
kletiUirate  tbe  |jyl>Iiu  Kie^iIh. 
Bmi  altboofh  tb^ 
portbn^  nf  thr    I  i 
liB'                    [XTjiuUiuUit^  m%\\  are 
bW!¥    %                        ib**lr    tnmcrfti    rp- 


in.»   U)?ti;.   1*3    rsriiii 


Griftt  Britain  and  IretEind  oonibined.,  b 
capable  of  mistjiinlrtjyf,  with  eiiisi.\  two 
handrail  tuillirtaH.  Even  although  a  l^rge 
portion  of  tJie  Jttmo  north  of  lutitudo  60^ 
may  bv  (HKir.,  njarnbyt  ubitunding  in 
kke^f  aitd  in  many  plnco^  Hbi^undmifi 
too,  in  rih\kM^  and  nniph  or  fbe  *ioti thorn 
part  tsandy  and  atiirile,  utid  containhitf,  jii 
tJie  tjoutb«aat,  Lar^^e  §Ujtm«^  on  whioh 
nothing  grow«  Nive  bnti.'dQ  gra^  tite 
9tint*?d  cai^tus,  and  small  «hr«U^  atid 
bu^iii^ii ;  yet  i\wt*i  U  a  va»t  i^£t«ul  of  ex* 
et^lh^jR  Iftfid  if  I  lli<*  ct'iitral,  we&tiarn,  and 
9oii!hwe»4refu  parr^^^  which  in  even  now 
populoiiM,  and  is  dc*tiiied  to  bemiue  far 
more  m^.  It  i^  preci^dy  lliis  fmrt  of 
Rti^jkia  whicit  i^  mj  weadily  and  even 
rafiiilly  ndvarioing  in  popidation,  inatin- 
tktturt^^  t'dueation,  and  ^verytbing  eia4? 
tliat  bi4>n^^  to  trins  cLviliieation.  The 
clirnato,  thon^^h  iudd  iri  tho  winter,  id 
not  e5£et*«*i*ivtdy  nj^urouji,  m  it  Li  in  the 
nortli^  k  ii*  the  iarid  of  wheat,  ryt% 
barley,  oat^  buck  wheat,  flax,  hernn,  of 
the  ajjpk\  the  pear,  the  pcacb,  tb«  plum  ; 
arid  In  it  na«  the  Wtdgn,  tiii?  I>ou»  the 
I*uie|>er,  tlie  Ihiieiilt?r,  which  Ihiw  down 
iiito  the  Cat'iiian,  ll^e  A^tpb,  antl  the 
Black  8oA^.  In  it,  too,  xi^  the  Lima  and 
the  i)wina  (or  l>uim,  m  tbe  Kunt^iiin^ 
call  it),  which  fiiU  ink*  tb©  Areiio 
Ocean*  and  the  Neva  (wiiioh  u  tbi?  4iiit- 
let  of  lak&!i  Onega  and  Ladoga),  another 
Dnna,  tbe  Nicmfo,  titnl  the  Visiulo, 
which  fall  \uUy  the  Gnlf  of  Finland  and 
the  Bidlic.  TheAe  ten  rivon*  are  uavifa- 
ble  in  the  six  or  «<*vcn  warm  montb^  for 
boatJi  of  varionn  tit£cs^  On  their  lower 
oonrmM  Ht^ainWalJi  are  now  u^  he  9(Mm 
ptoiighJng  their  way;  and  on  ikmie  of 
them,  a  ronsiderabid  nuniher. 

Large  [KjrtiotH  of  thii  vant  eoantry — 
larger^  a^  Wi«  bav^i  already  aaid,  than  all 
thid  rest  of  Eiiroiip--are  euvorcd  with 
)iritneval  fort^u,  Thia  ii  e^pociallv  tnt^ 
of  the  northvru*  ea«ttern  (t^twaruH  and 
aloniE  thv  Onral  MiMUiiainji)^  Uie  wu-u^rn, 
and  iM  til  til  western  '*  governments'*  or 
proviiuME»,  Wt*  have  often  iravelWil  ten 
and  QViJi  twtrnty  inile^  at  a  otreti'b,  in 
Weniftm  Rn^*i  ^  uiTu.inr  u^i-iag  a  bou8« 
or  a  field— [  Soraiit  tas  and 

wiile,    ThH        ^  irkabla  In  ih« 

western  corttini^  ot  liiiHwia  [if oner,  and 
the  C4utern  mde  otf  olil  Pohind,  in  iti 
rmwt  jM>vircri'nl  day^  abinii  thi-.  lon^iTitdtf 
of  Snioleu'^k,  rind  even  further  wvM* 

But  enokjgli  ot'  gv^ographicdj  iLiSfteri(i* 
tioT).     I^c  u*  adram^e  to  niortf  lniure«t- 

uU 


424 


Camei  and  Cofm^ancii  of  the  Huuian  War* 


[Oct, 


Wire,  written  the  destiiiies  of  the  nudoiB 
on  the  iteTy  aurfaat  itaelf  of  tU©  ©ftrtli. 
Ita  great  features  have  determined^  and 

will  lonp  deierminej  the  history  of  nisii- 
kind.  Mountain  At  And  t^eas,  and  etraita, 
and  to  «om©  extent  even  riters^  have  oon* 
trtbuted  to  separate  the  huioan  faioily, 
and  create  numerous  atates  and  king- 
dt»ms^  fur  the  most  part  Btnall — in  tha 
form  or  case  bolJ^  brave,  hardy,  and  war- 
like;  in  the  latter,  adventurous,  and 
addicted  to  wunmeree  and  colonization. 
Widely  different  have  been  the  eonditJons 
and  pursuits  of  men  when  congregated 
on  large  plains.  71i^*  it  has  not  been 
found  diffictilt  to  bring  large  masses 
under  the  government  of  an  ambitioui 
and  powerful  mihtary  chief,  which  hu 
deaoendants^  if  postseaeed  of  similar 
oharaoTer  and  talent^  may  continue  to 
hold.  Where  there  is  but  little  civiliza* 
tion,  militaiy  power  1=*  the  only  force 
which  is  sufficient  to  maintain  the  adhe- 
iion,  or  agglomeration  rather,  of  man- 
kind in  masses.  The  plains  of  the  En- 
phfatet*  tbeTigris^  the  Ganges,  the  Yang- 
tae-Kiaiig,  and  many  other*  cjf  greater  or 
leas  extent,  illujlrate  tljis  position. 
When  elviliisation  has  become  fsumeiently 
odvanoedf  it  makes  it  posiiible  to  bind 
Men  together  in  krg|e  nationaliti^  by 
anitable  political  institution?,  and  aiill 
inor^  by  j^trong  and  reciprocal  intereeta. 
Civilisation,  too,  can  bring  under  oue 
governtnent  neighboring  and  even  dis- 
tant portions  of  the  human  race,  whicb 
have  beeu  sundered  by  mountains,  by 
rivers,  by  ^traiUs  and  even  by  seaa  and 
oceans ;  for  it  can  furnish  the  means  of 
overcoming,  and,  m  it  were,  of  reiuuring 
Huch  barriers.  The  good  common -road, 
the  railroad,  the  ship,  the  steamboat, 
thd  diffusion  of  a  common  language  and 
ft  common  religion,  the  planting  of 
colouieH — all  these  are  means  which" 
civilisation  can  employ  (ns  we  sea  illus- 
trated in  our  own  great  conn  try  and 
snme  others  at  the  present  day»  and  aa 
will  be  iUni^trated  all  over  the  world  in 
some  ftilure  era)^  to  give  political  gov- 
ernments %*a5t  ertent  and  influence  over 
large  portions  of  mankind,  ©yen  where 
there  is  conmderable  diversity  of  Ian* 
gttage  and  religion- 

But  the  history  of  Buiisia  does  not  eeem 
to  confirm  some  of  thes^e  posiimns ;  for, 
although  it  is  a  phun,  ages  upon  ages 
passed  away  before  it  wa?  brought  under 
ofie  government.  In  fact,  that  consum- 
mation hm  betju  reached  only  within 
comparatively  modern  timea.  Let  na 
look  at  this  subject  for  a  moment.    It  is 


fundametital  to  all  oorrtct  knowledge  ^ 
the  history  of  the  Roftsian  empire.     It  i 
true  that  Rosafa  in  Europe  may  be  salii 
to  be  one  vast  plain ;  Uie  gr**aiesr,  pro^l 
bably,  on  the  ejirth,     Tfje  northern  trndl 
aoathern  portions  of  it,  for  hundreds  at 
miles  inward  from  the  Arctic  Ocean  an^l 
Black   Sea,    are  alrr>ost  purtectly  ]ev*>f.| 
and  the  c^ijtral  parts  are  ^carcely  mor 
than  nndnlat'mg,  or  at  most  hilly.    W« 
have  several  times  pas&ed  over  th(5  road 
from  St.  Petersburg  to  Moscow,  ami  hav^ 
seen  nothing  approaching  to  a  mnmitAii 
in  point  of  height,  even  on  the  table-knd 
on  which   rise  the  great  rivers  of  the 
oonntry^ — some  flowing  off  tf*  the  aonth* 
east,  and  others  to  the  northwest.     Me 
00 w  stands  in  wluit  may  be  oaljed  a  i 
plain.    Witli  tJje  exceptiun  of  a  ridge  i 
some  elevation  on  tlie  west,  which  the^ 
Russians  dignity  by  calling  it  the  *'  Spar- 
row Monntaina,'-  bgt  which  we  ehoi^ld.1 
hardly  oonaider  respectable  hil^  tl^erapj 
is  nothing  but  a  bonndless  plain  In 
directions, 

Russia  is  not  only  very  level,  bnt  it  i^  I 
low;  so  much  so,  if  it  were  made  a  J9^J 
fert  phim^  it  has  been  calculated  that  tbi 
would  have  an  altitude  of  only  850  iVebj 
above  the  ocean.  Whereas,  if  EnroM] 
were  reduced  to  a  dead  level,  it  woium 
be  080  feet  above  the  sea.  Ku^*a  ia  the! 
lowestcountry  of  large  extent  in  Europe;  \ 
Spain,  Switzerland,  GeiTnany,  Italy ^  Tur- 
key, and  Greece  are  the  highest. 

HoWj  then,  if  Ros^ia  be  a  plain,  aa  it , 
were,  of  such  great  extent,  has  it  hap- J 
pened  that  it  wa^  not  sooner  brought  I 
under  one  government?  We  wlU  ex-f 
plain  this,  by  calling  the  attention  of  th»| 
reader  to  the  injf>ortAtit  fact,  that  from  [ 
very  early  times,  imtil  within  a  f^w  cen»l 
turies,  emigration  from  Asia  greatly  1 
affect^  the  interest^  and  destinies  of  tb#l 
oonntrlea  oa  the  eastern  and  eonHguousi 
aide  of  En  rope.  This  emigre  r  ion  wad  rsl 
maxss^  for  the  rea^um  that  it  wns  mad#^ 
by  whole  tribes  of  pcop!e,  hemled  hf  ^ 
bold  chieftains,  who  fought  t^- ■ 
iword  iu  hand,  into  regions 
they  supposed,  than  thfwe  wJj 
liad  *]iiit*  Our  old  hi.^torian^  uscidj 
to  tay  that  these  great  emigrations  camtl 
from*  "^^ about"  or  '*bvyoud  thii  Rlackl 
Bea,** — Bometimes  from  about  or  beyond 
the  Oaii[iian  Sea;  and  thert^  the  mattef  I 
ended,  But  it  is  now  settled  Ihni  \h^^\ 
emigrations  eame  fr<im  the  h^ 
lanris  of  what  is  now  calleil  Iiii  t.  ] 

Tartary  and  B*»kara. 
from  being  fertile,  o: 
and  whence  tht^  iulirtri  ini-,  rM^xj 


1654.] 


CauHi  and  Camequmen  of  the  Ruman  War, 


4U 


Wiima?  <y(  Uvini^,  were  iodiK^  to 

[^  fc.ii^  r,t..o  In  tiiut%  in  tbe  liope 

ffodbg  ;  1  ntrie^  m  the  distaQt 

r  i :  'lut  East  (for  they  did 

^iHj^s  and  even  recently, 

ilo  i  mI  tlie  more  dktant  SoatL 

Ihoir  wflj  to  Europe,  they  m tut  go 

fth«f  fiouth  or  Qorih  nf  the  Oaspian  and 
|}i»  Ble^'k  Beaa^  Thos<3  who  went  south^ 
tnnmt  tr» verse  Asia  Miacir^  and  cro«  the 
I]cilcir>4jnl  or  the  Bos^ihoms*  As  soon 
A»  civ  iljj^tioD  was  suffidentlj  advanced 
Is  Gn^ree,  the  inhahitanta  of  that  won- 
derftti  country  resbti^  this  invaMon  of 
Eunj^  mhr  aa  their  coantrj  wa^  mn- 
mmt^  Twice  thej  r^peH^d  the  Per 
■faHM^  and  tartd  Europe.  To  thii  day 
IIm  jonnx  Gre^  who  stmt  ahout  the 
itt»ili  of  Athexia,  dreaded  m  the  gaj 
Albsnkn  costume,  are  for  ever  talking  of 
Marmthon,  and  Saiarnis,  and  Fkteo,  and 
mjio^ — **  If  it  had  not  heeo  for  oar  brave 
aDGnatora,  what  would  have  become  of 
Mamp%  V*  Th«y  have  some  reason  for 
tiMng  to  that  way.  Alexander  tho 
Oraati  and  hit  tuooeeiorB  m  the  Macedo- 
Bl«tt  MBtflOttii  Ibr  Iwo  oenturlea,  and  the 
KownHiator  msnj  oentnriea  more^  effeota* 
iQjr  pr«iret]t«d  Ute  southeastern  part  of 
Jmope  from  being  desolated  by  Astatie 
Iwltt-kui. 

Bm  it  was  not  so  with  the  north  * 
aaatirn  part  of  Europe — ^what  Is  now 
callad  Knvia,  The  Omkii  phinted  colo- 
biea  in  the  Crimea,  aod  aloug  all  the 
nonh  coast  of  the  Black  8e%  ar»d  those 
cnimdm  flourished  at  tirnea,  and  e^joyod 
sxtanaite  cotnni«^rc(?  with  Or^eee,  and 
aH  the  cotintntffl  on  the  Euzinef  the 
JSfaan,  and  the  McditefTtiiiaa  Beaa. 
r        '  '  [lies  had  no   protectors, 

lofdonian  king^  nor  the 
K  I  u'Tiiei  nor,  iDdeed^  the  em- 

I  [lome,  ni>r  eren  thoae  of  Cun* 

*U£tu*iMi-i*?^  ever  look  potseasion  of  Ru*- 
ii%  or  Seythia,  a»  it  was  then  called. 
Tbar  dill  not  c<«iquer  or  h«ld  oven  U»*? 
aOAtbcfn  part  of  it^  thottgh  it  was  fntinh 
W^  distant  from  Honif^,  and  incouipa- 
rMf  leai  distant  than  mm^  ooofitriee  in 
lli#  taiC,  which  they  both  conquered,  and 
loMiwtaioad* 

Tlia  reiiitt  wik%  Ihat  there  being  no 
barrier  in  ''  '^*n»  tnW  ftft**r  tribe 

ofano^A'  /.c^d  f>e(>|ilc  niJirf!hed 

rmuid  the  '  '         \  tho 

OaaoaMuv,  a-*  a 

gmi  ii^i^K"'--^  ■  ■  an^i 

and  th^'  n  .:.,,.  .  .^  to 

rpp- 

iviii- 

...   ...  ,  ...  -   •    .:    .-  .:..    L.  -.O    to 


time  from  the  Greek  colon rea  on  the 
northern  ooasis  of  the  Black  8ea»  and  jn 
prooeas  of  time  the  Greek  Oolonjee 
themselvea,  euCTered  a  complete  prostra- 
tion. 

Aa  for  the  tribes  of  A*-iatio  harhanana 
who  did  the  miadiief,  some  of  tliem — as 
the  Maicyara,  for  inarancef  the  progeni- 
tors of  Kceftuth,  and  a  part  of  the  modern 
Hnngariana — penetrated  into  the  valley 
of  the  D^nube^  one  of  the  (inf^t  coarirriea 
in  Europe.  Other*  penetrated  into  Ger- 
many, and  traces  of  them  are  to  be  «een 
to  this  day.  Odin  and  hi;*  followers 
reached  even  Denmark.,  and  the  eouthcrn 
portjons  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  took 
possession  of  those  coiintHeSi  and  laid 
tlie  fi>uudations  of  the  Scandiaavtan  statea. 
Their  deaoendants  made  their  mark  effeo- 
tnsJly  in  England,  France,  and  other  por- 
tiana  of  Western  Europe. 

But  the  greater  number  of  tho  Asiatic 
harbariam^  who  came  like  swarma  of 
hees  from  an  old  hive,  and  reached 
Europe  hy  the  ront©  which  we  tmve  just 
nameNJ^  took  up  their  abode,  if  abode  it 
may  be  called,  either  of  choice  or  neces- 
aityi  on  the  plains  of  Scythia  and  Sarmir 
Ha,  as  the  we.'ttern  portion  (afterwards 
called  Poland)  was  aometimes  desig- 
nated. Then  they  roamed  aboutf  liviug 
in  tents,  having  no  posaosaioni  but  their 
catiie,  their  sheep,  their  goate|  and  their 
horses.  The  ehaae  and  the  fishery  fur- 
nislied  much  of  their  foodi.for  a  long 
period^  if  we  may  Jadge  of  them  fVom 
the  scanty  notice*  which  the  Greek  and 
Rtiman  his  tori  ana  of  those  earher  titnea, 
and  the  Byzantine  hiitnriaai  of  tha 
*'  Lower  Empire,''  tkave  deigned  to  gita 
Q4  at  a  later  day.  Often  at  war  with 
each  other,  and  nomadic  almtist  with  out 
exception  in  their  tnanner  of  Itfe^  it  is  not 
asioni.4n5ff  thut  thw  proi^rew  of  civiliza- 
tion, and  ultimately  of  (Jhrlstianity,  wai 
so  jilow  in  that  va»t  trans- Etuine  and 
alinowt  Hyperborean  £>oimtry* 

And  yet  there  wa*  pri»j?re«.  During 
the  inter valj» — which  gradually  became 
gret^ter  and  greater  between  tlie  doaoent 
of  th«»Me  avalanches  of  Asiatic  barbariim 
and  heatheninm,  and  afterward*  of 
Mohammefkniiim^i  vilizAtion  and  Chriif* 
tianity  did  make  ntjme  advanoes.  Yur  a 
long  tiuR%  however,  their  Uilluoneo  wm 
only  fi*it  in  the  portion  of  the  ctiuntry 
which  bord<*r*  on  the  Blat.4  8i»a.  Grada- 
ally  tliey  penetrated  further  and  further 
into  tht  interior,  until,  at>cr  tho  Inpao  of 
ton  nenmneii,  they  re-ached  the  very  heart 
of  the  empire,  and  nfti^r  wards  s^iread  up 
(o  tha  ihoroi  of  the  Baltic  8e«  aod  Iba 


tw.  IT,— aa 


CauKS  end  OMKijrienai  e^  tht  Ruttian  War. 


[Oct 


Arctio  Ocean.  Certainly,  it  was  h  very 
itnperfeet  civilisation  and  Chrisff&nltjr 
wliieh  Tiiflde  theac  achi^jveTaenta,  Be  it 
m ;  the  J  were  better  llitto  bftrbarism  and 
heatlieDii^To ;  e<?rLainly  bett^jp  as  a  pre* 
paration  for  still  greater  and  better  thingB. 
Whatever  they  were,  they  were  dear  to 
the  people  who  n?cdved  tboru,  and  are 
dear  ?Ull  to  their  desceodanta*  Tliey 
are  no  way  disposed  to  ignore  either  thft 
civilization  or  the  Ohrlstianlty  of  tlieir 
ancestors,  or  of  themselves.  And  they 
know  full  well  that  they  are  indebted  to 
the  Greeka,  and  the  Cfiorch  of  Greece, 
and  of  the  Greek  empire^  for  Imth.  By 
the  simple-hearted  and  imperfectly  civi- 
lized and  Chriatiauized  Rnssiaos,"  Con- 
Btantinople  was  rej^nrded  for  ages  as  tJie 
greftteet  city  in  the  world.  And  it  was 
for  a  long  period— from  A.D.  400  and 
there abott La,  to  1450,  a  period  of  a  thop* 
Band  years— a  wonderful  etty.  With  all 
the  miserable  govermnent  which  some- 
tinier  eiisted  there,  it  waa  gtlll  a  great 
and  prond  city.  During  the  latter  half 
of  that  pericwl,  and  far  more,  it  was  vast- 
ly sitj>erior  to  Rome,  or  any  other  city  in 
the  world.  When  tha  **  Gruat  Schhm  " 
took  place,  In  the  ninih  centnry,  which 
Bepamted  the  Latin  or  Western,  or 
Romish  Chorch,  from  the  Greek,  or 
Eastern  Ctiurch,  the  Hussian  Obri^tiani, 
as  was  natural,  took  ^idea  wiih  the  lat^ 
ler,  and  looked  np  t«  th©  Patriarch  of 
Oonstaotinoplo  aa  the  head  of  their 
ohtiroh. 

We  have  flaid  enongh  to  show  why  the 
RusBians — the  people  of  Russia  proper  es- 
pecially—who^ to  the  number  of  fifty  mil- 
liona^  profess  the  faith  and  pfactice  the 
ritea  of  the  Greek  Church,  should  so 
strongly  Bympathizo  with  the  Greek 
Church  in  Turkey,  and  why  they  should 
fL^el  so  uiuch  interest  in  everything  that  is 
connected  with  Oon^tantinople^tlie  oit-y 
to  visit  winch  was  the  highest  wish  in  the 
hearts  of  their  ancestotis.  And,  although 
the  **  Tartar  Invasion  ^'  did,  for  a  long 
time,  cut  off  all  direct  intercourse 
between  their  country  and  Constanti- 
nople, yet  they  could  not  think  of  having 
a  Patriarch  of  their  own  until  the  Greek 
empire  and  Constantino  file  fell  a  prey  to 
the  Turkf^  tljc  hist  great  horde  of  Asia- 
tics which  invaded  Europe*  But,  lot  ns 
look  a  little  at  the  Political  Hiat/^ry  of 
of  Rns&ia  and  also  of  Poland. 

Reader,  bare  yon  ever  been  present  at 
the  performance  of  Haydn's  Orat^rw 
&f  th§  Creati&nf  If  yon  have,  you 
must  retaetnber  that  there  Is  at  the  out- 
set a  tremendous  mingling  of  all  tiie 


aonnds  of  the  instmments  employed; 
and  an  awful  dissonance  is  heard  for 
aotne  time.  This  U  intended  to  repr©* 
sent  Ch(Wi !  At  length,  and  very  gra- 
dually,  aometbing  like  harmony  begins 
to  be  noticeable,  and  the  tones  of  the 
clarionet  are  heard  atxive  all  the  re*t  \ 
and,  finally,  every  vestige  of  confusion 
and  discord  dl^appea^SJ  and  the  most 
didigblful  stream  of  symphony  flow* 
forth — every  note  failiDu  tnto  it^  proper 
place.  The  effect  is  wonderfol.  Jugit 
so,  in  her  early  history,  Euisia  Js  nil  con- 
fusion. Every  petty  triba,  and  the 
number  w^as  immense,  fieema  to  be  on 
bad  terms^  if  not  at  open  war,  with  its 
neighbors.  Tlie  manners  of  the  pef>ple 
were  repuMve,  They  were  an  uncivil- 
ized, ignorant,  rude  coUeciion  of  tHbes, 
speaking  ditferent  dialects,  and,  in  some 
oftse?,  different  langnagesL  among  whom 
nothing  was  more  t^trlking  than  an 
entire  want  of  every  thing  like  nation* 
alitf. 

By  degrees,  and  very  slowly,  accord- 
ing to  the  Russian  histonans,  the  Seta 
Tonic  tribe  gMned  the  ascendancy,  andJ 
in  the  fifth  eentary  of  the  Christian  erO 
founded  the  cities  of  Kief,  on  the  Dnie- 
per (or  Borysthenes),  in  the  south; 
Novgorod,  on  the  Volkopp,  in  ihe 
north  ]  and  Cracow^  on  the  Visinia,  in 
the  west.  Each  of  these  cities  becanLe 
the  capital  of  a  kingdom;  the  la^t  named 
becoming  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Poland,  For  several  centuries,  these 
three  kingdoms  were  wholly  insignifi- 
oant  In  the  ninth  century,  Rurio^  who 
is  eaid  to  have  been  n  "  Northman,"  or 
Norwegian,  came  with  a  large  number  of 
armed  tollowet^,  by  sea,  and,  ascending  the 
Neva,  fonudod  on  its  banks  the  CitF  of 
Ladoga,  a  short  distance  from  the  1aJlE« 
which  bears  the  same  name>  Oonqner* 
ing  l^e  surrounding  tribes  of  uncivilized 
people,  be  ventured  to  march  to  Novgo- 
rod, 130  miles  to  tlie  south,  took  it,  and 
establL- bed  himself  there;  and  there  he 
died.  His  son  Igor  sncceciied  1dm,  but 
being  a  minor,  or  imbecile^  Ijib  uncle 
Oleg,  or  Olap,  carried  on  the  govern- 
ment for  him.  The  wife  of  Ijror^  wbnsaj 
nam^  was  Olga,  was  tlie  first  of  the  per 
sons  connected  with  the  Etissian  Court  * 
who  professed  Christianity.  Oleg  t^ans^ 
ferred  the  government  from  Novgorod 
to  Kief,  which  he  had  conqnered— tb  us 
the  nfirthern  and  southern  t»orrion«  m^ 
the  Sclavonic  race  were  brought  r. ; 
one  ^Gptre.  A  grandson  of  Igor,  ^"^  ' 
dimir  the  Great,  was  a  tnau  of  vast 
energy  of  obaracterj  nod  suocass  m  war; 


IU4.} 


Oauiti  and  Con^^qumees  of  ih  Rmnttn  Wmr. 


42? 


Hid.  If  the  Ras*i»n  his  tori  ar??  Aro  to 
b«  MS«v9d,  b«  gav«  to  Ru^*«ift  almost 
hm  pfweat  liinita^  m  far  a$  Europe  \b 
QOOOMiMci.  Hk  wrfa,  Anna,  wae  a 
Gfedc  prioeeii.  Tlifongh  her  infloenc^ 
pnhmf*  «l  IWMit  in  part  Waldimir 
wmbmmi  OhrM unity.  He  did  much 
In  tJiis  iraj  t»f  giving  good  laws  to  his 
fNOfik;  but  caTutf»)tt«d  the  great  ioi»- 
Ijilce  ol  dtviiling  his  vabI  emjiirc  b«:tw^G 
bis  nnmc-rous  sou^  conHiitutrng  the 
dde^t  tbo  pammoytit  prince  &t  Kiel,  niid 
the  oUien*  PulordiuHUs  to  hiui.  This 
«iT«fifitnent  ne&rly  ruined  tho  «ti>r»tr6f 
and  waa  the  &<mree  of  many  civil  wzirt 
for  a  long  periodi 

fn  Uie  twellth  (^entary,  a  deaoendimt 
tif  ^' :  ^  -»  -  fonnded  the  city  of  Moscow^ 
Ml '  f  the  capital  of  the  etnpira* 

By  ^i«i^  ...i.iv, OhmtiaDtty  bad  petitjtrated 
Op  \nu>  the  northern  pordoiw  of  the 
i^otrntrTHT  AJid  the  prev&iliag  ftnd  ^t&b- 
lijiJicd  form  of  it  wnji  that  of  the  Greek 
Ohtimh.  On  the  other  h&tid^  the  mifi- 
^kmwrim  who  carrie^l  Chris tjimity  into 
tl»«  Western  Seki^onic  kin*;dom,  or  Pt> 
Imij  is  it  hm  long  t^hioe  he^n  called, 
w«re  fW>iD  Rome,  It  Is  tiaid^  however, 
i^iit  the  Polea  reoeivtfd,  as  did  the  Hnn- 
IpvlAimi  the  Moraviansi  i>nd  th@  Bi^he- 
mfftiM,  their  first  idoaa  of  Ohristianity 
(rotft  Grteok  rnl^ionnries,  but  that  th«y 
w«re  fltm«tMlily«ti|iplatjtod  by  itiia^ioDiiri^iB 
(K>in  Home.  It  h  ^nite  hki^ty  that  tho 
FtSriftr^h  of  OottT^rmif  jtiopie  &nd  IhD  Bit- 
hoft  of  liottio  would  make  utrenuous 
dnrti  to  muke  ibeir  ftfipw^tive  chorches 
4<Wlliatit  in  thine  ooniltdee.  Rome  tri- 
vmhod:  the  Pnlet  bdOiixie  Rotimti  Oa- 
tliaUGi^  anil  f4u  &ct  mmttituted  the 
«aiil^t  and  f*tn*  of  the  tnoat  effo^Mive  of 
lh«  eaiiAfisi  of  hatrt'd  and  of  war  between 
two  imtlonn  whose  tiH gin  was  essentially 
tha  tamew  Th^  Eatftern  and  Western 
I3himsb«i  were^  to  the  latter  pf»rt  of  tlie 
nlDcli  oecitury,  and  In  the  u^nth,  at 
**fwofdi'  p<j(utK''  witli  R<u*li  oth«f,  &*  tiiey 
bftv«  heen  ev^r  i»inoe.  But  tim  Pol  en 
advanced  more  najitdly  in  riviiizatioti, 


bn,  tha: 

hiti^rroarfi^, 
warhki?*,  win. 
Ahrmt   the   mi 

finttirv,  th*.*Tr^^^■- 
Phtuit,"'  ur 
and  fur  iwr*  ' 
Wtfttrihatiirir-.  :.»  t.;i 
AatnCKn^  ADd   wore 


t  and  Y«gel' 
beeAnao  of 

V.  and  grmi 
to    and 

L^  ihirie^nth 

.Lg  from  Asia 

■rati  and  ponquor* 

'Hvingthe"Qrand 

The  Hoflidaii* 
'  1 31: uir  prtnoeit  of 
moch  bnfer  mo- 


lee  ted  by  thoee  of  the  Crimea,     At  the 

saTiie  lime^  the  Swedes^  the  LlvotiJaJiB, 
the  Teuic^nic  Knight^^  and  tbe  PoIc«,  at- 
tacked them  from  tiie  west  and  north- 
west. The  Poles  oonqiiered  all  the 
western  s^ide  of  the  empire,  and  hold  it 
for  nearly  three  eenitiries.  They  took 
Moscow,  and  held  it  iome  time^  and  even 
advaoeed  their  armies  to  Easan.  Be- 
tween the  Tartar^  on  the  one  hand^  and 
the  Poles  on  the  other^  the  emph-#  of 
Rn?*ia  was,  in  the  foorteentli  and  flf- 
teerith  centuries,  well  lugh  annihilated* 
Thiij  fnet  constitnteA  a  i^econd  canse  of 
the  deadly  hulred  which  the  Hnasiana 
have  ever  since  hmi  for  the  Ptdas.  It 
also  show??  m  why  they  m  hate  tbe  Taf- 
tarfl,  and,  in  fact^  all  Mobammedaas  and 
e«pecialiy  the  Turk»^  who,  after  their 
conqneM  of  tbe  Greek  empiro,  overran 
the  northwestern  part  of  Russia,  and 
founded  intimate  alliancca  with  the  Tar- 
ton  of  the  Orimea,  comtnonly  called  the 
Crim^TartAra.  It  was  the  deep  &nd  Bot- 
tled piirpow  of  the  Ha^inns,  cheriihed 
through  the  pentad,  five  eentunoa  and 
more,  to  **  aeitle  op  *'  with  botli  the  Rlh' 
man  Catholio  Polea  and  the  Mohamme- 
dan Tartars  and  Torks^  for  tbe  inlnHea 
and  even  pereecotions  whioh  their Ohnrch 
endorad  at  their  hands.  They  htive  paid^ 
and  overfHiid,  the  Pol^  and  the  Tartan : 
^vitfj  the  Turkfl^  tliey  have  not  yet  gotten 
throogh.  It  was  Ivan  I.  (commonly  call- 
ed Vanilif  viijsch  the  Oreat),  who  reigned 
from  1402  lo  15Q5,  that  frefid  Eottii 
frt»t  ri  1 1 1 1  ■  \  I  jI.  i^e^f  the  Tartars ,  Hln  grand* 
son,  ■  ievitsoh  IL,  did  mneh  for 

the  >  Mt  of  Rttfi^ia,  but  wa9  not 

fto  HMoc«r<y4rul  in  hia  watu  with  the  Pclei. 
He  eonq tiered  Kai^an  in  1552»  and  Aitrt- 
can  two  yoartfl  Hiar^  and  put  an  an^  to 
the  reiirn  of  the  Tart  am  in  the  ea^^tem 
and  tLOuthetutcrn  parUi  of  the  empire. 
Ilis  »tn  Feodor,  or  TheodopBi  who  died 
in  1506,  wiL!i  the  monarch  who  oon<^nered 
Siberia,  or  rather  the  western  part  of  it 
With  him  i^rmlnared  the  t^ '  '  *"  ^f 
UiiHo.  Aft«r  fIfletQ  yeora  i>' 
regnum.  In  the  fti^f  part  of  wj. ,,,.  i:  iju 
governed  the  eouniry^  Mieha^l  HoruatiotT 
wa*  fihoafn  Owtr,  and  a^etidM  tho 
throne  in  1(113.  Upon  hii  d^aUi^  in 
llHflf  hii  «on  Ateiit  tncceedeil^  and 
reigned  until  1676.  It  wm  in  htii  reign 
I  hat  the  RoAflanii  had  thoif  Br^t  war  (in 
H71)  with  the  Turk%  who  had  been 
lh«r  neiglil*or*  *ine*  1479.  Feodor  in.» 
hii  ton,  wa0  a  ',  bdi  hg  dlod  In 

lllBSk,  leaving  '  to  Ivan  111.,  an 

imbecile  hrotiitT,  urso  u*  Peter  (known  m 
tht  Great),  hii  luUf^bfothor,    la 


i2B 


Caui€i  and  CQmtquenc44  of  the  RuMian   War. 


[Oci. 


Ivan  was  |.>crsiiajded  to  abdicate,  aud 
I'tttor  alone  took  thia  holra  of  state,  and 
pet  about  makings  Hussia  an  Eur&pean 
oouDtrj,  whereaii  it  had  hitherto  b«eti 
Asiatic,  The  Strelitz,  a  body  of  troops 
like  the  Janizaries  of  Oonstnntinopk, 
which  Ivan  IL  had  created,  Peter  anni* 
hil  ft  ted— killing  some  of  the  chiefk  with 
km  own  handi.  He  cimngied  entirely  the 
orgaoizAtjon  and  discipline  of  the  trcM>p«; 
entered  the  army  himgelf  as  a  oommon 
soldier^  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  a  gene- 
ral, under  the  in^trnction  of  foreign  offi- 
cera.  Bis  efforts  to  create  a  navy  and 
e^itablinh  manufacc^nre:^  were  inceeM^nt. 
I'n  hia  wars  with  the  Swedes^  he  Wiw  emi- 
nently snccessfiil,  and  founded  the  city 
of  8L  Petonsburg  (in  1703),  as  soon  as.  he 
oould  get  poaaeasion  of  the  adjacent  coaat 
for  ft  few  miles.  He  did  much  for  the 
civil  admiuistration  of  his  empire,  and  to 
Bw^peatii^^  lU  army  and  ita  in-^titutioos^ 
He  was,  in  all  respects,  a  wonderful  man* 
He  died  in  1725.  The  reign  of  his  wife, 
Olitherine  I-  (17^25-27),  and  of  3iis  grand- 
son, Peter  I L  (1737-80),  were  onraarked 
by  eventa  of  importance.  The  Empress 
A  one,  a  niece  of  Fei^r^  reigned  from 
IfaO  to  1740.  DurlDg  her  reign,  Rnssia 
oonqacr^d  Azoph,  and  extended  her  in* 
floenoe  in  the  direction  of  Polaud.  In 
hor  reign^  the  military  aehool  system  of 
I^asia  was  commeneed. 

Under  the  goverument  of  the  Empreas 
Etkabeth,  1741-62,  and  tlwt  of  Oathe- 
ritie  the  Second  (or  Great),  l762r-&6^  the 
boundaries  of  Russia  were  greatly  ex- 
tended. The  three  **  Partitions'*  of  Po- 
land (1772,  '03,  and  '95),  occurred  in  her 
reigu  \  by  each  of  which  Eussia  received 
a  part  of  the  posseiisioQS  of  her  ancient 
TiTal  and  enemy,  or  "  recovered,"  a-*  the 
Kniaians  say,  what  Poland  took  from 
her. 

The  Crimea  was  conquered  in  ITSS^ 
^d  the  reign  of  the  Khans  of  Odm  (or 
Little)  Tor  tar  y  came  to  an  end.  !□  1851^ 
there  was  still  living  in  the  Crimea  the 
last  lineal  descendant  fjf  these  Khans ;  a 
man  rich  in  inn<ls,  aho ending  in  flocks 
and  herd 9^  and  mucii  res|>ected  by  all 
who  knew  hirn.  The  Emperor  Alexan- 
der took  him  to  England  in  1815^  where 
he  waa  educated,  at  Oxford,  renounced 
Mohatnmedanisim  for  OhrLsrianity,  and 
married  a  young  lady  of  Edinbiirg-^a 
MiSEi  Netlson — whose  mother*  brothers^ 
and  iiiiisterd  we  know  well.  Their  only 
child — A  daugfiter,  then  an  elegant  young 
lady  of  eighieen  years — we  had  the  plea- 
amo  of  seeirjg  at  the  hona©  of  Mr.  Pf4e* 
tidft^  once  the  Ruaeian  miohter  at  Wash- 


ingtfm^  in  the  autumn  of  1640.  Since 
that  tune  she  married,  and  died*  Her 
father  still  lives,  w^  believe.  And  thi^ 
u  the  end  nf  the  House  of  the  Gr^at 
Khans  of  the  Cnm-Tartars  I 

The  nnfortunate,  but  weH-meauing, 
Panl^  succeeded  his  mother  io  the  tlirone, 
and  was  put  to  deatli  by  Ot>unt  Panitii 
and  others,  in  March,  1801.  Alexander, 
hia  stin,  reigned  from  1801  to  December 
1,  1835-  During  his  reigu  Ruissia  esl^nd* 
her  boundaries  in  iJie  direction  of  Tur- 
key, to  the  Pruth,  and  the  mouth  of  the 
Danube,  gained  possession  of  Georgiu,  a 
province  beyond  the  Oauca.'^u^,  »;om- 
pieted  the  annexation  of  Finktsd,  and 
received,  at  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  the 
Grand  Bv^hy  of  War$aw^  which  Bona- 
parte had  created  in  1809,  but  whic!i 
thenceforth  took  the  name  of  the  ^^  King- 
dom,'' or  rather  *'  Vice-Royalty  of  Po- 
land/* Tills  gave  to  the  Russian  em* 
pire  its  present  limitfl.  The  reign  of 
NioholflMi  who  succeeded  his  brother 
Alexander,  has,  up  to  this  timOi  add^ 
nothing  of  importance  in  the  &bap#  of 
territory,  so  f^JJ  as  we  can  remember^  Tii 
Uie  empire.  The  war  with  Persia,  in  1820, 
and  that  with  Turkey,  in  1827-28,  dfd 
little  more  than  illustrate  the  Russian 
arms.  The  suppression  of  the  attempted 
revolution  in  Poland,  18S0-S1,  and  die 
aiding  of  the  Ati^trians  against  the  Hun- 
garians in  1849,  have  been  tiie  only 
other  military  event^  previous  to  the 
present  w*ar  with  Turkey,  England,  and 
Franoe,  which  have  marked  the  rtiigu  of 
the  presjout  Emperor, 

We  have  given  this  little  aketoh  of 
tlje  hiskjry  of  Russia,  for  the  double 
pur|>Oi*e  of  setting  forth  the  gr&wt-h  of 
Ruwjia,  and  the  caui€4  of  her  leellng? 
and  h(?r  conduct  in  relation  to  the  Tiir- 
tars,  the  Poles,  and  the  Turks.  Wilh<-»ut 
some  prehminary  survey  of  this  sort,  we 
should  liardly  be  able  to  form  correct 
opinions  either  of  the  origin  and  object<<i 
of  the  present  war,  or  of  the  probable 
Future  of  this  gigantic  empire^  whc»se 
great  power  and  menacing  attiindo  are 
beginning  to  create  ao  mach  alarm  in 
the  minds  of  not  a/ew  men,  who  have, 
till  recently,  not  been  able  to  descry  BXkf 
sinister  omens  in  the  Orient, 

As  to  Poland,  we  may  say,  iJi  pftss^lng, 
that  she  seenvf^  to  have  owed  her  dlsap* 
pearance  from  the  list  of  nations  (not 
natiQjuilities%  which  we  trust  is  but  f>:»r 
a  season,  to  several  important  cmutMs. 
One  was  the  vicloos  nature  of  her 
government,  which^  however  the  Pol^ 
rnav  eall  it  a  C&mmanwimUh^  wa?i  one  In 


TiM.] 


(huMiM  and  Vomtquem^s  ^  the  Muman  War. 


m 


which  t!ie  p^k  wi&rt?  alnaost  nothing, 
uid  ihe  kin^f  the  aoblaSf  some  Bom  an 
Cniholic  bwhopa,  and  a  few  deleg&tea 
rroTU  tlie  larger  cities,  everjihing.  The 
(»r**AfiLa  wer^»  for  the  most  part,  $erfh 
an  \1U$,  Mid  the  Jews,  half  &  million 
lit  xiiiinb«r,  not  mndi  better.  How  wa» 
tl  fKiAilble  ibat  there  nbotild  oot  be  great 
*  iTiuDR,  ariiiDg  from  f&otioD^  in 
^r^-mmont,  ea{>eGiaIly  after  the 
i:j72,  wheo,  the  LUbosniao  djna§- 
mnng  to  an  etid^  the  Poles  ehangod 
'  govern  m^ot  ii>io  an  eJective  mon- 
arebjr,  with  a  Diet  stOl  oomposed  of 
»Qdi  matariab  ai  we  have  deeoribedf 
Of  tlid  ten  monarehfl  whom  the  Diet 
tlected  in  the  period  of  two  hundred 
ri«r«— from  1573  to  1772 — some  ware 
able  and  difii  in  gobbed  men.  Gertainlyt 
'  BO  ac»e  can  ever  pronounce  the  name  of 
[SeUaiki  without  the  greatest  respect. 
But  the  greater  portion  of  them  were 
iKoer  creataree^  and  tbe  immoralkj  of 
thtlb  «oan  eioeeded  ere  a  that  of 
France  whieh  Li  »aying  a  great  deal. 
The  first  of  the^e  elected  monareha 
niidia  liu  ^cape  froia  Poland.,  and  ro- 
iurtied  to  Frenoe,  where  be  was  after* 
wardi  the  worthieaa  Henry  IIL  Tbe 
lltird  0a  tbe  Hat  was  Bigiamnnd,  a  rene- 
§^  ProiCitinL  a  descendant  of  tbe 
!  mal  and  good  Gtietavus  Yasa,  of  Swe- 
om;  we  are  grieved  to  write  it  Tbe 
Poles  consider  blm  to  have  been  one  of 
tbeir  ableet  tnouarohi.  In  our  opinion^ 
he  did  more  to  ruin  Poland  than  any 
fitber  man  who  ever  occapied  her  throne. 
Um  w»  a  Ji^nitt  and  labored  bard  to  put 
down,  and  even  eitirpate,  Protei^tontiam 
In  the  kingdoTti,  whiob,  iu  hiii  da>%  itlll 
kfielnded  the  great  western  j>rovinoet  of 
Rmdar^-Coofiand,  Lithaania,  Pc>doliij 
Vdiijofa,  and  the  Ukraine,  and  conid 
not  bate  bad  moch  lea^  than  eij^hitien, 
if  sot  twenty f  miltioni  of  Inbabitants, 
lialf  of  whom,  all  in  tbe  easier ti  portion, 
bajnnci^l  to  tlm  Greek  Oburtb,  having 
be<:r  1  to  that  fuitti  wlien  under 

th«  n   of  Ensiia.     During  hie 

rtigD,  uf  tbiriy-six  yearn  and  more,  a 
fxmna  of  oppF««^on  and  parfeoation 
WM  oommenoed  Id  relatltin  u^  the  pro- 
t^tattt^^  who  onoe  numtiered  swreral 
and  formed  nearly  lialf  the 
ch  ended  in  their  being  a1  moat 
n^jRvj  out  of  the  kingdotn.  There  ire 
not  half  a  tnillion  of  peciple  at  Urn  day, 
wtthin  the  limlta  of  wliat  was  ancient 
Poland,  who  ar»  proteitatita,  and  Tnany 
*)f  Cham  are  ^ermon^.  In  tbe  modern 
i  iif  Poland,  there  are  about  one 
and  nlne^  thoQiaiid  proteet^ 


ants,  of  whom  ninety  tiiooMitid  may  be 
Poles,  And  yet  we  heard  at  Wartaw^ 
in  1646,  DU  what  we  deem  good  authon* 
ty,  that  tiier©  were  some  fanatical  Ro- 
man Oath  olio  proprietotia,  who,  stirred 
up  by  it  A  fanatical  prie^ta,  just  before  an 
expected  revolutionary  outbreak  (which 
actually  oceured  in  Gallioia,  the  Austrian 
part  of  Poland),  ooald,  and  did,  pm 
knivoa  id  to  tbe  liands  of  their  depon- 
dtnis,  in  order  that  they  might  luaaim- 
ere  their  few  proteetant  neigbbora. 

Not  only  did  the  govern ment  of  Po- 
land oppresa  and  persecute  the  proteat- 
anta  in  the  western  side  of  the  Mogdom, 
tbay  cippresaed  and  peraeented  the  mem- 
bert  of  the  Greek  Ohureb  in  tbe  eaetem 
pari  of  it.    And  all  this  to  pleaae  Rmtm, 
And  what  was  ^ned  by  it  f     The  pro- 
testanta^  in  their  distreae,  oould  hardly 
do  otherwise  than  r^oice  when  protest- 
ant  Russia  wa^  ready  to  intervene  tn  the 
affairs  of  tbt*  kingdom.    Tiie  &ame  feel- 
ing exiated^  it  ia  reasonable  to  suppose, 
in  tbe  breasts  of  tbe  members  of  tiia 
Greek  Qhurch  in  the  pnivinoes  which 
Poland  had  oon^oered  from  Raasia.     It 
ia  difficult  to  believe  that  I  hey  were  not^ 
at  lea^t  very  many   of  thorn ,  by  any 
means,  very  reluetant  to  ^ee  Rnaila  In- 
terfere and  re- annex  them  to  hef  domi* 
nions*      And    tbia    actually    oeonrted; 
Austria^  a  Roman  Oath<>lie  country,  re^ 
eeidng  the  amalleet^  but  by  far  tbe  beet 
part,  of  Roman  Catholic  Poland.     And 
when     attempts    at     revolution     were 
made  in  tbe  modern  kingdom  of  Poland, 
which    is    Eofsian,    in    1830,   and    in 
Amtrian    Poland    (GftlUcia)f    in    1846 
^-attemj^bi    which    enlbted    tbe    aym^ 
pilhiee  of  every  proteetant    in    the 
United  Statea  and  Great  BriUin— the  j 
man  who  ahonld  have  been  their  friend^  ^ 
beoan«e  he  ealls  them  bis  *'  child ran,^*  < 
|ATe     tbe     revolutionista     tbe     most  ^4 
fatal    stab    of   all       Header  t    do  yon  j 
aak  who  be  was?     It  wait  Pope  Pioa  ( 
VII I.,  in  the  former  ease;  and  Qregorr  ^ 
XVI.,  in  the  latter.    Certainly,  by  thii ' 
time,  the  Poles  ought  to  know  who  are 
their  friends.    Can  any  man  believe  that 
if    P<jtand    ha<l    hecome    a    protectant 
country  (aa  England^  Holland,  ^ootl&tid, 
Sweden^  and  som«  otbert)^  in  tbe  six* 
teentli  and  sev(}nte<?ntb  oentnric^  a^  nhe 
would    have  done,  if    the  governtnent 
had    given    that   proteetion   which    iti 
ought,  that  the  bravest  people  in  Europe 
wrKild  have  been  oonipierea,  and  pareel*  J 
led  out  like  a  Aock  of  shaepv  ^T  Mdi  tm^i 
tiuni  a*  Russia,  Austria^  ana 
were  thoti— eren  if  thoee  umk 


430 


Osimes  and  Conitquences  of  the  Muman  War* 


dared  la  make  the  attempt  F  Wq  hftre 
iieurd  mtellig^ril  Rt*niAn  Catholics  of 
Qalllcia  oonft'>s6  that  Pru^is  has  govern* 
ed  her  portion  pf  Poland  beet^  Russia 
ntjxt  bt-atj  and  Aastria  wor^t  of  ftH. 
And  she  ia  a  Rymau  Catholic  nation, 
and  tlie  Poles  who  fell  to  her  share  bj 
the  infamous  spoliation  were  also  K<>- 
man  Catliolios. 

Nor  ought  the  Poles  to  forget  that  m 
the  day  of  tjjeir  power  they  tredt^J  Kas- 
sia  very  naaeh  as  RumA  ha«  treated  tliem 
in  turn.  God  m  Jost.  It  Is  a  dangerona 
thing  for  one  nation  to  do  wrong  to  an- 
other, L^t  Rosalia  beware^  lest,  in  her 
lost  for  territorial  conquest,  she  wake  op 
S  Bpirit  of  retoliatioJO  which  will  one  day 
work  her  desiriiciion.  But  let  us  return 
from  this  long  digreRslon, 

Ko  one  can  re^  the  history  of  Uuma 
with  ciaroj  without  being  struck  with  tiie 
^t  that  its  civilisation  may  be  ^d  to 
have  made  exceed itjgly  alow  progr^s 
before  the  reign  ^rf  Peter  the  Great.  Nor 
has  it  been  half  ^o  rapid  sinoe^  as  it  would 
have  beeti,  if  all  bis  ancoesisiirs  on  the 
throne  hod  bad  as  enlightened  views  as 
he  had  of  what  is  needed  to  secure  the 
eitilization  aud  elevation  of  the  people. 
There  were  many  and  gretit  defects  in 
views  and  plaag^  btlt  he  was  a  grtat  man 
in  m&nj  reitpeots.  He  undertook  a  ta«k 
which  required  th^  strength  of  a  giant. 
Unfortunately^  Peter  oommeuced  his 
work  at  the  top,  instead  of  the  bottom, 
of  society^  or  rather,  hn  ought  to  have 
oouimenced  at  both  the  top  and  the  bot- 
tom— not  neglecting  the  middle.  The 
entire  population^  throughout  all  its 
strata^  wos  in  his  day  rude,  Ignorarjt  and 
barbarou!!  after  the  Asiatic  type.  The 
noble.'^,  or  boyards,  wore  thin,  long 
beards  and  their  sheep-sktn  coats,  and 
many  of  them  were  beuatly  drunkards. 
The  cities  were  small  in  size,  and  not 
nufoer^vus,  and  in  none  of  them  was  there 
tlie  least  spark  of  true  European  civiliza- 
tion. There  is  no  great  amount  of  "mid* 
die  society  "  or  of  *^  middle  classes ''  in 
Russia  in  tho  [iresent  day,  with  all  the 
help  that  the  anueiaiiyn  of  the  Baltic 
provinces,  Finland  and  the  modern  king- 
dom of  Poland  has  given  hei^ ;  there  was 
none  at  all,  or  none  wortliy  of  mention,  in 
Peter's  day. 

Peter  did  not  go  to  work  with  vigor 
to  educate  the  laboring  peuple  of  the 
cities  and  village^  as  he  should  have 
done,  lie  knew  nothing  of  Nbrmal 
Eok&ok^  instttuiious  abstdutely  nece^ary 
to  form  teachers  in  such  a  country  a? 
Biuiia,  HT  ftny  other  where  much  is  to 


be  done*  Peter  fi:lt  an  interest  in  lite* 
Tmrj  societies  and  institutions*  He  wan 
not  ignorant  of  the  importance  of 
science  ;  and  he  oertainly  did  sometEjing 
in  that  direction.  But  Ms  schemes  did 
not  go  dowu  dti«p  enough.  And  as  Ut  the 
mannei-s  of  the  higher  classt?s,  but  tittk 
improvement  was  made  in  his  reign. 
What  if  he  did  require  the  nobi*is  to 
shave  th^ir  beaitls  (and  oecasiutudly  he 
carried  the  rule  Into  effect  ji€r/i?rce!),  tifn>n 
tlie  pain  of  not  being  aJlowi*d  to  ct^me 
into  the  paluce?  his  own  life  was  immo- 
ral, his  manners  so  rude,  and  his  exjun- 
pie  in  living  In  his  little  cottage,  whioh 
greatly  resembled  an  Inab  shanty,  in  the 
1^0 trw  of  the  fortress  which  Ije  built  on 
an  island  in  St  Petersburg,  was  not  cal- 
culated to  give  his  nobles  very  elevated 
ideas  of  princely  morab  and  priiM^ly 
manners. 

Cerrainly  there  was  no  great  advance 
in  the  brief  reigu  of  his  wife^  Catherine  I,, 
who,  unless  bched  by  history,  was  in- 
temperate in  her  habits,  aud  even  worse, 
if  that  be  possible.  Peter  11.  was  a  tuere 
boy  of  tliineen  year;*,  and  reigned  only 
three  years*  The  Empregs  Anne  wa-*,  in 
some  resf^ects,  a  ivoman  of  lietter  cha- 
racter than  some  of  the  other  female 
sovereigns  of  Russia;  and  yet  she  was 
no  belter  than  she  siiould  hn.  The  mili- 
tary and  pulitical  aliairs  of  the  empire 
were  ably  managed  by  Munich  and 
Ostermauh;  but  better  was  done  for  the 
edncatisni  and  elevation  of  the  p«opk\ 
Ivan  IV,,  her  nephew,  who  succeeded 
her,  if  we  may  so  speak,  was  but  two 
months  old[  And  he  reigned  but 
eighteen  months,  when  he  was,  pc»or 
child,  dethroned  by  tljo  volupiuooii^ 
prond,  ambitiout^,  sensual  daught^^r  ol' 
Peter  the  Great,  who  bore  the  nmne  of 
Elizabeth.  What  could  be  expected  untler 
A^  reign,  in  the  way  of  advancing  civili* 
zatioOj  or  any  other  good  thing  aniong 
the  masses? 

Reader,  If  yon  desire  to  know  son»e- 
thing  of  the  character  of  the  Empress 
Elizabeth  of  Russia,  and  of  the  mimners 
of  her  court,  we  advise  yon  to  procure  the 
*  *  Memi  ^i  rs  of  the  Pri  ocess  Da^hk  uff ,  * '  p  a  b- 
lished  in  London  by  Murray^  some  twelve 
or  fifteen  years  ago,  in  two  goodly  ot*iavo 
volumes.  They  are  worth  a  cort-Ii^ad 
of  the  voltnnes  which  the  present  war  is 
calling  fort  It  in  such  qnantidesin  En  glared 
and  France,  of  some  of  which  we  feh&Ii 
l>erhaps  have  a  few  words  to  i?«y  either 
in  this  presi>nt  article,  or  in  onr  n^xu 
Araung  other  tliiog^  you  will  lind,  that 
this  paragon  of  an  empresa  knouts 


I 


1854.J 


CnuuM  and  OmseqtimtccM  of  ike  Mutwian  Wan 


431 


ktly  and  6«snt  h«r  to  Bibt»riH,  bo* 
»h«  htAl  prt'iv'ok«il  !mr  jealouMv! 
Fim  will  tlnd,  aifto,  thftt  qunrreUiiig  wUh 
of  Uit»  tw>ble  oouriiera^  ibo  h&^  a 
',  Q«i«t  inailo  for  hiJn  lu  d  o<irQer  of 
»  of  the  rtK>fiis  of  ber  julac^s  (we  Uurik 
I  tbo  Whiu?r  FftliMs^j,  and  settUmt^d 
i  Ui  t»ti  iQ  it  Ibr  dityfi,  llk^  a  gmia^  &od 
» moktit  Uko  a  gcxt^e  J  Haviitg  do  ehtU 
i^fhwT  own  to  suod^od  her,  she  left 
"  orttwa  to  the  mm  of  her  iiator  Anne 
oilier  daughu»r  at  Peter  the  Great— 
rho  took  th«  nani<*  gf  Peter  IIL  After 
t  reifQ  ijf  six  utontha,  be  wa»  dethroned 
1  put  ui  de&Lb  Uf ,  or  through  the  con- 
(  of  bit  wife,  who  nsoeoded  the 
ttoder  the  name  iif  ^-  Uathc^riiiii^ 
I  Seooodt**  JU  tb@  Bnaaiatu  call  her,  ar 
p^OtUimi^  the  Gfett,''  aa  the  is  cNitn- 
aonlv  rallied  Uy  the  hiitonans  of  otiier 
The  PHneeaa  Daihkoi;  who 
i^T  aide  when  she  galbped  mto 
Pf^Hy  from  a  ^nburljao  palaoe  (botl;i 
1  aa  tnilltarj  gfflQ«^r«  and  seated  in 
aV  WBildlBiX  to  iuminoa  and  hararif^ue 
I  rti^mmU  nxd  then  aaoend  tliL*  thront^, 
iil«i  that  tbti  empreMWaci  privy  to  the 
aurdcr  of  her  husband,  though  »he  a^l- 
I  ihair  ihtt  oonseDted  to  hla  dotbmne* 
^  «ft4  ibia  all«r  they  had  been  tuar- 
l  ftTenteen  yean !  The  pT^U»%t  was 
i  hla  g«>YeriiiJient  wan  unpopular,  b^ 
it  favored  Pru^ala,  as  weO  aa  lor 
f«afxas. 

GatharlDe  reij^ned   thirty-foar  years^ 

•ad  died  m  17ftft.    6he  wa^  a  woman  of 

strong  ftcnaaal  paasioni^ ;    and  yet  she 

DOSieHied  mnch  giiod  senne  nnd  a  Miand 

Jod^tnent.  Her  energy  of  character  waa 

I  axtrafUHliiiary.  Shy  did  a  groat  deal 

inor««ie  the  terrvUirial  dornmian^  i>f 

I  daf  elop  Iti  resooroc^  and  pmtrtote 

«ro«  atid  iiiaoufacture«j.    The 

Dt  emperor,  who  U  her  grand '•Hm, 

\  of  the  o^nnion  that  »\ic  did  more  for 

tme  tnturvatii   of  tlie    empire  than 

\  Peter  the  Oreat    She  wait  not  m* 

ent  to   the  enhject  of   edaoatloEH 

oiillj  that  of  the  noble*  and  middle 

Tlje  '*  Smolfta  Monastery/'  a»  It 

I  itill  oallad,  (beoanMe  it  ittu  otice  a  fiu>- 

y)  aitiiatod  In  the  npper  part  of  the 

fty  of  3v  Peterabnrg,  aGui  neiu*  to  the 

Ifiri,  U  the  laqpt^at  female  aobool  we 

erer  teen>  and  one  of  the   be«t. 

ber«  are  there  7A0  yoang  ladie*,  fkini 

eti  or  liftiHSTj  jiSKn  up  to  twenty- 

!ro,  and  from  all  parte  of  the  etnpirc*. 

I  iciAtitnLiiiii  u  very  eotiip1«t«.    It  haa 

ifbtui  uf  levon  tftUliomof  '^papef  ^«iA^^* 

^hMi  in  our  money  may  be  pat  down 

•I  |1^4O,00<l    U  took  ua  a  d%}'  to  ex^ 


ploro  itfrotn  top  t**bottomi  to  hear  many 
otaases  exainiocdi  to  learn  t!ie  nature  and 
extent  of  the  stndless  ooaupatioiis,  ainua&- 
tneuts  etc.,  eta,  of  the^e  750  paplla; 
many  of  them  belongieg  to  the  very 
highest  faniiliea  in  Bn^la. 

Gath(.Tine  tiie  Qreat  eatablialied  two 
InstiiutioiTs  for  Fouiidhtigs;  one  atMiM** 
oovr^  tht!  other  at  St*  Petersburg,  wbluh 
are  the  largeat  probably  In  the  world. 
Aa  tht'y  were  £iir  a  long  time  oondiioted^ 
thyy  m^ered  a  premium,  if  we  may  gti 
efKsiLk,  for  lioenttouflneea.  All  chlidreti 
that  were  brought  were  reeelved,  and 
thoae  that  survived  were  trained  np  to  be 
teacliers,  govornet^iea,  median  ica,  et<j. 
In  the  mooth  of  SeptemberH^  IBiO,  we 
exatntnod  the  books  of  both  oif  tho«e  in- 
tititutiona,  and  the  one  In  Moeoow  had 
ld,UOO  t^ntrlea  ah^ady  for  that  year, 
and  they  would,  a«  we  were  in/onned 
by  the  piijsicians  and  one  of  the  dlreo- 
tora*  probably  reacli  twenty-eight  or 
thirty  ih  on  Hand  by  the  end  of  the  year! 
Th<me  of  the  Institution  of  St.  Peters* 
burg  hatl  not  reaehed  so  high  a  figure. 
But  the  ein]H^ror  ba#  made  a  great 
change  wllhin  a  few  years.  lllegiriEjuita 
nUildi^n  may  be  received,  but  to  remain 
only  a  oertmn  time;  then  they  will  b« 
given  to  any  one  in  the  country  who  will 
take  them  and  bring  them  up;  whibt 
the  perBons  to  be  brought  up  in  tliij  oi^ 
tabli^hmeut  muf^t  be  the  child  re  u  of 
ol£eer#  of  the  army  and  nary,  and  othi*r 
employes  of  the  government,  wboee 
ialarieisi  are  »DmlL 

Oertainly  the  manntn  of  the  people^ 
eepocinlly  i>f  llie  higher  olans^  had  im- 
proved considerably  in  the  dayt  of 
Uath urine  the  Great,  whatever  thdr 
moraU  might  ft  till  be.  Yet  there  waa 
mdonei^  enough,  as  we  might  eipeet, 
if  what  the  voungeat  fitter  t^  Frederiek 
the  Gr*«t  4if  Prua^ia^  wrote  to  her  bro- 
ther (then  an  c%\U  houa  the  nonrt  of  his 
fiithur)  about  thq  diameter,  noiidaol  tod 
hahitu  of  the  Bnatfiana  who  aaeotttpftniod 
(if  we  Feoiiiii^iar  rightly)  the  hnihand  of 
Oatlieriiie  tlio  Qtmi  and  his  wlJe  when 
tbcy  tiitted  tlio  Oourt  of  Berlin,  about  a 
hmidred  yeara  ago.  If  they  had  been 
bM^tis  inatead  of  human  beings,^  they 
oould  Bcarocly  have  lelt  the  rootni  In  the 
palace  which  they  o^upied  in  a  worM 
condition.  It  m  well  known  that  It  wia 
an  amusement  with  Catherine  i^nd  her 
OfmrUeri^  tn  pUv  **hide'ftnd-g«»-*<«jk " 
and  **  blind- 1!  ■'*     We  oan  a«iiare 

the  reader  n^h  '' doings''  take 

place  in  tho  rtuiwi-  I'siijiceat  Bt  P«ter»^ 
btir^  in  thfwo  tlmoa.    Th«  i4ikt«ii  d#* 


432 


Causes  and  Cansequetaces  of  the  Mu^dan  War. 


[Oct 


eoraui  b  mairttained,  and  the  most  refin- 
ed and  eaay  manners  are  everywhere 
visible,  in  all  assiemblfigea  of  the  nobles 
and  others  at  the  pnlnca  uf  the  emperor. 
Til  ere  IB  nu  court  in  Eq  rope  where  great- 
er propriety  of  ooDdnet  k  seen  than  in 
tliat  of  Uie  Rui^las  tti  these  days. 

The  Emperor  Aleiander  did  tniicb  for 
llussiti,  10  liome  respects.  The  empire 
wit^*  greatly  enlarged  in  his  reign  of 
twentj-fonr  year*.  Uoiversitiesi,  gram- 
mar schools,  schools  in  the  jnilitary  csolo- 
nies,  female  sehooU  and  schools  for  the 
common  people,  certainly  adTanced  much 
during  his  reijfirn. 

The  Emperor  Alexander  waa  an  amia- 
ble but  not  stroug-mxnded  man.  During 
the  last  twelve  years  of  his  life  he  cer* 
tainly  appeared  to  be  a  man  greatly 
trnder  the  influence  of  religioas  principles. 
For  two  or  three  years  before  his  death, 
his  health  greatly  failed,  and  he  made  ap 
his  mind,  whilst  on  a  visit  which  he  uiada 
to  the  Crimea  in  the  auuimn  of  1835 — 
leaving  the  empress  at  Tagatirok,  ti  water- 
ing place  on  the  Sea  of  A^oph— that  he 
would  resign  the  soeptre  to  his  hrother 
Kioholas  (and  ao  wrote  to  hi*  good  friend, 
Prince  Alejtander  GftUit^rin)  the  nost  year, 
and  would  sf^end  the  rest  of  UU  days  on 
ft  beautiful  home  which  he  had  found 
In  that  most  beautiful  of  all  the  parts  of 
Russia,  with  a  few  ft' I  ends,  "  trjingj"  as 
he  said,  "to  prepare  for  heaven." 

The  present  emperor  ii  certainly  one 
of  the  most  able  of  all  the  monaroha  who 
have  reigned  in  Russia.  Ho  ha^  done  a 
great  deal  to  pt'oraote  the  matenal  inter- 
ests of  the  empire;  nor  hat  he  been  io- 
different'to  the  education  of  the  masses. 
Of  his  thirteen  rainisters  Dot  one  is  more 
estirnable  than  Ouvazoff,  the  Miui,^ter  of 
Education.  He  i^^  hirnsetf  a  scholar  and  a 
good  mau,  and  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
the  education  of  the  people.  From  bis 
stateTuentfl  to  us,  and  puhlished  doon- 
ments  ^vhich  he  put  in  our  Uaud-i,  a  few 
years  ago,  we  certainly  infer  that  educa- 
tion is  advancing  in  Eas^iift,  and  with  it 
the  desire  for  knowledge  is  iucr easing. 
Of  the  MinisterQ  of  Agriculture,  Com- 
merce, the  Interior,  Justice,  the  Public 
Domains,  who  were  then  in  o£Bce--ancl 
tnoat  of  tliern  are  still — we  formed  a  very 
fa  vi  1  rable  opi  tiion .  Th  ey  are  d  oi  ng  much 
in  their  respective  spheres  to  promote 
the  best  iuteresta  of  the  empire.  It  b 
certain  that  the  interests  of  agriculture, 
maoufacturesj  conmuerccH,  internal  im- 
provementa,  education,  etc.^  are  much 
cared  for  under  the  present  reliant  al- 
though the  emperor,  it  must  he  allowed. 


still  commits  the  grand  mistake,  and  has 
always  done  so,  of  giving  up  hj  lutip-h  of 
bb  time,  and  expending  so  much  money, 
in  behalf  of  the  array  and  navy.  By  far 
too  much  money  is  expended  upon  the 
navy,  for  a  country  which  has  compara- 
tively m  little  commerce.  The  navy  of 
Russia  is  the  third  in  the  world  in  point 
of  extent;  and  yet  her  commerce  is  far 
from  having  attained  to  a  corresponding 
importance.  Her  army  at  this  moment 
nniet  embrace  a  million  of  officers  and 
iuen~perhaf>s  1,200,000.  And  altitough 
the  Russian  soldier  does  not  receive  a  tliird 
part  of  the  wages— perhaps  not  a  fi^urth 
part  of  tJje  American  or  English  soldier, 
still  the  aggregate  of  the  expenditures  on 
a  million  of  soldiers  and  fifty  or  sixty 
thonsaud  sailors,  mujt  be  a  large  sum. 

One  thing  is  certain-,  it  is  that  the 
Rnssianis  are  not  behind  the  other  nations 
in  military  science.  The  tweriry-§eifen 
military  schools,  embracing  9200  young 
men,  and  from  wliich  1100  annually  go 
forth  into  the  army,  are  admirably  con- 
ducted. It  euiployetl  m  diligetitly  on© 
whole  day  to  \isit  the  tliree  military 
schools  in  St.  Petersburg.  The  iir^  one 
wo  examined  had  1000  cadets,  all  young 
nobles,  the  second  ha*l  650^  and  the  third 
had  168.  The  instruction  h  almost  iden- 
tical with  that  of  our  Weat  Point  acn- 
demy*  The  teKt-books  are  FrGUch,  for 
tlte  most  part,  so  far  as  our  memory 
serves  us,  Th  e  colonel  w  ho  aecompjinied 
us  at  the  close  of  the  visit  lent  us  thn 
theu  la^t  Report  of  the  Grand  Duke  Mi- 
cliael,  the  commandeF-iu'Chlef  of  the 
army,  to  his  brother,  the  emperor,  on 
the  state  of  the  military  aehools,  tm  well 
as  of  the  army  in  general*  W©  were 
permitted  to  keep  &at  docuineiit  one 
night.  It  comprised  110  manuscripl 
pages,  and  wa.4  written  In  French,  We 
also  Tisited  the  admirable  naval  gchoi»l  at 
Tsarskoeselo,  34  ml  lea  from  St-  Petera^ 
b(irg,  and  nearly  on  the  road  to  Moicow. 

The  literature  of  Ruiisia  is  far  more  ex- 
tensive than  most  Amerioans  stippose. 
The  universities  are  seven  in  numberi 
and  are  ar.  St.  Petersburg,  Moscow,  K&ttii| 
Chiirkoli",  Kief,  Dorpat,  and  Helsingfora. 
The  last  named  is  for  Fiulaui!,  and  is 
established  at  the  capital  of  that  country, 
and  no  longer  at  Abo  (Obo,  a»  they  pm- 
Dounca  it),  where  it  long  was,  Th^  in- 
Btroction  is  given  in  the  Swedish  languago 
in  tJiis  university.  The  tiniveraity  of 
Diirpat  is  in  Livonia,  one  of  f^  u.A.tj^ 
provinces^  ami  i^  probably  the 
whole.  The  instruction  is  giv..,,  ..i  i...* 
man.    The  other  dre  uuivet^ities  ore  for 


iSm; 


mor  at  £<ir^. 


tllie  ifistJ-tietioti  of  tlic  Mtmtian  jfoatfa. 
Hit  liifititut^on  Hi  Wilim  U  noL,  wo  bo- 
Uim  ft  un IV fixity,  Lfaciugli  it  b  o/leti 
mIIm  iUclK  Tbere  in  ito  unlvcuiity  &t 
Waixiw,  nor  haa  tliero  beeti  sbc^  18*1. 
Th#  jr onng  men  of  Pcibatl  ore  ro<|mr«l 
Ui  ^  lu  tk»r|iiit  for  tbotr  UDivemt^  eda- 
tmiion, 

Ii  will  be  fte«^tl  from  tho  preoedbg 
ftaltnieiiU  thftt  there  bck^  be^^o  a  groat 
dtil  qC  pixkgre^  In  Ru^ia,  m  cerum  dl- 
fgflCoiWi  wtihin  ibe  la.«it  150  jeart,  and 
efi«datlj  witbtQ  tb«  Ufit  mj.  The  rall- 
nM  1ft  going  to  do  wooders  for  that 
gtmt  eonfilrj,  Aboaodiog  la  iron  and 
toftamt  Uboff  it  mil  not  t>e  difficcite  to 
ooMSiuet  froftt  Mnm  of  railroads  in  all 
pftna  d  tSo  empiri3^  ei^pe daily  aa  the 
oountrr  la  so  l&«^el.  TUo  road  from  St. 
PoeerftSarg  to  Masoow  h  completed, 
IWft  li  one  in  progreea  from  tbe  former 
dtj  to  WftTBftw.  It  will  be  700  miles 
lo^  Tliera  are  leTeral  railroads  in  Po- 
liildj  oaiting  Waraaw  with  VleoDa  and 
Bmik  ft«  yrm  aa  wilfa  places  wltliin  tb&t 

■ififloMl, 

Kciibliig  ftiloniihed  ub  mor(?  ia  Rassla 
IhiO  th«  perfection  to  which  the  raanu- 
btibarm  of  that  coQotrj  hare  attftined*^ 
muciftHjf  tho^  f>f  iron,  woollen,  and 
eeHML  Thftir  mAanJflotnrea  of  leatber^ 
htrn^  copper,  fta  well  aa  wm&  other 
aitlii>%  m  4|iiiti  remarkable, 

TliMft  fliioft  g$?e  UM  tbo  conviction 
tj^ftft  Boftiift,  Qatwithatanding  the  Aalfttio 
iooinv  df«ia,  and  nianner^  <if  the  nuMaefl, 
ift  Tft^  tfftftdilj,  if  not  verj  faiit,  beeom- 
hif  «a  Eitropean  eonatry,  and  that  her 
fiviialkm  is  ao  far  a4vano«d  that  it  will 
iOO«  IwrQ  a  raat  effeot  tn  increase  the 


[:K»pii1ation  rif  theEnropcan  portion  of  the 
empire.  The  era[>eror,  some  twelve  or 
Sfteen  y^ra  ftico,  was  greatly  bent  on 
carryi  ug  Into  effect  the  gigantic  sclieme 
of  liberatisig  the  Bffr/t^  forty -eight  millions 
io  nnmber,  uf  whom  30,000,000  belotig 
to  hi  in— or,  as  we  should  say,  to  the 
crown  OP  goremment — 1,000,000  live  on 
appanagtji  of  the  crown — ^tbat  Is,  on  the 
estates  that  support  the  Tarioua  liortiona 
of  the  imiserial  family— and  26,500,000 
to  the  nobles.  Moat  of  the  serfa  are  cnl- 
tiTat4>rs  of  the  ground,  though  many  are 
mechanics.  Thej  cannot  be  ieparated 
from  the  estates  on  which  they  were 
born.  Those  who  are  fanners  pay  cither 
in  kiT^d,  or  in  m&n^y^  the  reut  which  ia 
due  to  the  proprfetora.  The  mechanios 
and  crown  serfs  pay  in  moneys  io  much 
per  head  for  themselves  and  ibeir  £anii- 
liea,  except  die  chiJdren  UDder  fonr  yeari. 
The  am  on  at  is  far  from  being  eicea.«|Te, 
All  that  tfiey  oan  make  beyond  Is  tlieir 
own  property.  Some  of  them  grow 
wealthy.  They  often  bny  their  freedom, 
and  set  np  aa  proprietors  tliemselves. 
The  emperor's  pkmn  was  to  require  the 
proprietors  to  sell  the  serfb  as  much  land 
as  they  can  cultivate,  at  a  fiied  price, 
and  allow  them  a  certain  nnmber  of 
yeanj  in  which  to  pay  for  it.  Some  pn*- 
prietotis  are  acting  cm  this  plan,  which 
waa  recommended  by  ui  ukase  some  yeara 
agp- 

Bat  we  are  In  danger  of  making  this 
article  too  long.  We  will  therefore  stop 
here,  and  in  onr  next  reentne  the  cou* 
ridaratloa  of  the  praient  sCftte  and  pnia- 
P<ou  of  Rywft,  and  sive  ft  sketch  of  Uie 
rise  and  progfaM  of  the  present     ar. 


TUt  EEPROOf , 


tflft  KiPLr. 


Ok  matwf  VB««r,  !•»▼«  yi|'  boftrd«d  Jem, 
Mf  ftf  Of  gtmetXtd  trtfllof  for  «  irhUc^ 

TM  ■MIwM  f»rBUt  fMllQi  14  1^  t«ft ; 

ut  *tt9gai  mA  MiiUMtii  ibt  uiM  iHcoat, 

%«i  M  11*  VfvAia  Bp^a  lliA  «ftp|lal 
tl»  fiaaTt  #*lld  n^vir  ta  ovn. 

fW  ftimvffy  «•!««««  of  11^  Patftet  IlttlL 

Or  ttoMt,  Mtayl  §i»pMfi,  »i  tlr^  iba'i  prsod  caD 
»M«ftMi  iftfiwir  la  u  yic:«r«Mi  p«n, 

,  «te  BlgU  tut  0««ft**  iKli« 


IPMIIil«Vf««« 


Urn  M«it  IM  tOij  feai  loTM  til  wiod  pliAAfl  { 
Ylw  te«Dd«l  bftip  v«irt  oot  with  ciouiluit  funftla  2 
And  fa»iAl«ffi  •huptetd  tblo  vrowj  jmIb, 
Frajpi  Uw  unw  Ittibtt  u4  tfwnd*  tta  air«nf  tb  la  Ttln, 
IbifniMJiii  pftMloB  iuIUni,  droopt^  deci^i 

Of  CUKiImJII  Vtth  Ik  Ifttd  i^  UtitBf  bTAllk* 

ttt  tUiffliiti  ■tr*«ni  iE»«T«t  tiirbldJf  iJ«iif t 
Widk  meuntalD  lorrfikl  flltien  on  lla  ta^  j 
flM  JSMrrT  iaistlilai  lt»p«  vtLhm  lu  «praft 

UlUflft  b«siidlaf,tota6bUfl«|  IdeyM  imsid  Hag; 
TM  foftB  llAl  fld«|i  i9«ft  ^  Pttftailaf  glMi 

Fn«l«taat  Eli  Itoot  iftd  TtgetMi  aTwf**  ^ 

fto  f^olle'i  iliiiwum  iA« toot  •b«v 
Th«  Ul^  M«  Ifiaivaet  trtaft^  vlB«,    Alatr 

for  itftgntnl  «milf,  Hrrt'li  IknUiitei  nllO'  Mune, 


•  t 


I  Itirltftti 


ll 


434 


£0^^t 


THE  Editor  at  large. 


DIMES  U  once  more  th«  rage.  BiiiGe 
th^  pnbUcation  qf  onr  last  nomWj 
he  haa  suddenly  come  into  f&ihbD*  Twu 
jears  ago.  Dimes  was  the  adored  of  rifth 
AvenDe  and  GFaiiunercj  Park.  He  waa 
vfry  jrvuixg,  verj  ricli,  widi  moat  eiqni- 
i^itelj  tbin  leg!^.  Hb  redowa  was  a 
mirade,  and  bis  small  talk  never  flagged* 
He  led  '*  the  German*'  with  an  easy  grace 
that  hh  peers  strove  in  vain  to  itnitato, 
and^  for  a  brief  space^  reigned  the  mc>- 
iiarcb  of  the  winter  &eaMin.  But,  alasl 
in  an  evil  hour^  he  cakivated  moustaobe 
and  whiskers.  Scarce  ^had  bi£  yonthM 
beard  attained  a  apffioieni  lengtli  to  give 
employment  to  his  band  In  the  pauses 
of  conversation,  when  a  rival,  with  a 
smoother  face,  a  larger  fortune,  and 
tbiDner  le^barst  from  liis  state  of  school 
chrysalis  into  the  gay  garden  of  fashion^ 
aod  the  star  of  Dimes  paled  before  the 
afloendiog  planet  of  Waffles,  From  that 
time  forward,  Dimes  was  comparatively 
a  misanthrope.  He  joined  tlie  Hudson 
du\  frequented  the  New  York  Hotel, 
and  lounged  in  the  lobbies  of  tli©  opera, 
with  a  hoge  lorgnette,  throogh  which  he 
itared  at  Wafflus  in  tht»  private  box  that 
he  used  to  occnpy,  and  lean  lug  over  the 
ladies  in  whose  ears  he  ns^&d  to  whisper. 
Dimes  had  gone  out  of  fashion.  But 
things  are  cbaoged  now, 

Tes^  we  are  speaking  well  of  you, 
gentle  Dimes,  even  though  we  did  not 
know  that  you  were  louking  over  our 
flh<>ulder  while  wo  were  writing  your 
praises.  If  we  haii  detect»?d  your  pre- 
sence^ we  would  perhaps  have  said  some- 
thing ill-natured,  for  it  is  pleasant  some- 
tiTDos  to  have  a  quarrel  with  one^s 
frieudfi.  Such  acta  like  a  thunder-storm, 
and  clears  tlie  socbl  atmosphere,  and  the 
su.n  shinejjotitall  the  brighter  afterwards. 
Do  you  know.  Dimes,  that  M,  Alfred  de 
Heilheurat  the  distingi^lshbid  author  of 
the  Man^A  de  Sat^oir  Vi^e^  lately  pub- 
lished in  Parij*,  would  have  pronounced 
It  ill-bred  in  yon  to  look  over  our  shoul- 
der in  the  manner  you  have  been  doing? 
That  wonderful  master  of  etiquette 
would  have  condemned  you  to  some 
French  Siberia  fot;such  a  crime.  M»  de 
Mdlheurat  must  be  a  marvellous  jnaiii  and 
ttje  next  time  vou  go  to  Paris,  seek  him 
out  and  court  his  society^  Too  will  re- 
turn to  ns  with  additional  lustre,  my 
Dime^,  atter  having  enjoyed  the  intimacy 
of  tuch  a  r&re  being.    M.  de  Mellheurat, 


burning  with  aimety  to  train  up  a  con- 
Tentional  raoe  of  bumaii  oreatures,  baa 
pnt  forth  the  tables  of  his  law  in  the 
shape  of  a  manual  of  etiquette,  which 
has  alreatly  ran  througti  three  editions. 
W©  would  give  the  ticket  for  Perlimiii*E 
gift  enterprise  that  we  bought  the  other 
day,  to  meet  a  man  whose  life  was 
modelled  on  M.  de  Meilbeurat^s  book. 
He  must  be  tho  most  unhappy  wretch  in 
existence.  Neither  his  feet,  his  hauils, 
bea<1,  faoe  or  body,  are  hts  own ;  tl>ey 
all  helung  to  M,  de  MeiLheurat.  This 
awful  man  marches  among  his  species, 
armed  like  a  Freoch  gardener,  with 
huge  siiejirs,  clipping  humanity  into 
what  he  believes  to  be  symmetry.  Our 
natures  must  have  no  offi^tKitje;  no  r^ 
markable  bough i  ticking  out  bo  as  to 
give  ns  an  individual  character.  A  mo^ 
notODous  uniformity  must  reign  amongst 
men,  or  M.  de  Meilheiirat  will  expire  of 
disgust.  We  must  not  look  at  the  furni- 
ture of  our  friends*  rooms  when  we  enter 
them.  It  is  a  crime  against  M.  de  Meil- 
heurat.  When  we  talk  (o  a  lady  we  must 
turn  the  conversation  up<m  the  topic  of 
dress,  in  order  that  we  may  jpraise  liers. 
We  must  not  write  to  people  of  distinct 
tion  unless  the  four  angles  of  our  en- 
velope are  exaot  right  angles.  We  muat 
seal  with  red  wax.  If  we  sit  next  a 
lad  J  at  dinner — and  we  always  do  when 
we  can  get  one  nnder  fifty — we  must 
keep  our  tyes  firmly  fixed  on  that  bap]»y 
female's  plate,  so  that  the  iuftnnt  she  has 
eaten  the  last  morsel  of  her  Epring 
chicken,  we  may,  with  telegraphic  epeed, 
furnish  her  with  her  roti.  We  muai  not 
brnsli  our  hat  with  our  bands  while  pay- 
ing a  visit,  because  such  is  the  habit  of  a 
hourgeois.  We  muet  not  wear  our  hair 
beyond  a  certain  length ;  and,  iu  bif 
anxiety  to  make  us  entirely  perfect,  M. 
de  Meitheurat  absolutely  informs  xis  that 
we  nmst  not  make  our  appearance  in  so* 
ciety  with  dirty  nails!  This  P«mUn 
Confucius  further  acquaiuts  us  with  liis 
definition  of  a  di^ttDgulsIied  man^  He 
says  that  **  a  distinguished  man  may  be  to- 
oognized  by  the  fineneaj  of  his  linen^  by 
the  elegance  oth-isboots^  the  caref^il  di»* 
po*aJ  of  bis  hair,  and  the  perfect  fit  of 
bis  gloves.^*  This  definition  is  encoor- 
aging,  my  Dimes.  How  easy  to  be  dis- 
tingulsliedl  With  what  eosa  can  "•* 
pick  up  from  tailori  bootmaker,  and  «A#- 
mm^^  the  neeej^&ary  qualiliea  to  akrat« 


I 


» 


Thi  Miitor  at  Lar^. 


I 


Of  «bc9ft  the  o«>mmi>n  herd  I  On  the 
0^#r  hind,  what  paltry  fellow*  Sir 
Walter  Soot  I  with  hn  tJuek  shoes,  and 
Dr,  JdhnMOtt  with  tus  maWj  oo&tf  tnuat 
hjiv#  botiiit  C«»ii1d  M.  tie  MijiUieur&t 
tr^  fl^t  over  thai  grease  sp<»l  on  the 
Tf]  '  *  thnt  fKKir  GuldBralth  used  to 
hr  ^  hat?     W**ii]d  Daniel  Web- 

fl4^,  .^*  ^^u<j  ormt  &tid  bu^  vvaJBtco^t,  ever 
poM  inQ«t«r  before  tin  autocrat  who  pro- 
nomkem  »  UAck  mU  lo  be  iodiapeasable 
tl  A  banquet  t  We  do  uot  wonder^  O 
IHiatf^  that  three  editinni»  of  such  a  book 
Wire  deaumdisl  b  a  few  months.  It  k 
19  pleaiant  to  know  ttiat  at  the  aimuid 
edqyiitfe  of  a  few  thousand  franco  we  can 
be  imfufrdifttcly  dUtingaishtd. 

y    '  utilitid  tnaO)  acoordlng  to  M. 

dt  it^  wia  the  late  C5ount  d*Or- 

mjr  1  ci^  even  d*0rB4*y*a  manreltoDa 
ooata  snd  fauttbsa  hoot*}  wert?  not  able 
to  preeer ve  hU  mc^niar)'  from  the  sothng 
iMOh  of  blander.  Mr*  Pat  more,  father 
of  tbat  m(Mt  impudent  of  all  \m\  poeu, 
Gorentrj  Fatmore,  has  been^  of  late  days, 
vsitlji^  a  book  made  up  of  reminbccoces 
of  hie  **  friends  and  aeqnamtnn^esi.^'  It 
iiifOt,  bj  tlie  general  i^eandal  In  which 
be  InTolvea  erenrbodj  be  mentioDs^  that 
be  baa  treated  all  hia  aoqQaintanoefl  like 
ftimdit  Amon^  other  victhns,  xlm  Count 
dHtaiJ  coined  in  for  bb  share;  and  Mr, 
Ftttmore  re!«tt.^3tai<»  the  aid  story  of  the 
odobrnTid  dandy  having  been  a  tailor*^ 
model,  tind  not  paying  his  traddtiJicnV 
biUa^  ThU  h  iudignnmly  dented^  in  n 
letter  to  the  AtfiiMiiDUTn,  from  th«Count*4* 
aoeoontant^  a  Mr.  Hntton,  who  ^y«  chat 
itOrmf^  during  the  »paoc  of  twdvo 
jeara,  paid  nnword  of  JIS^^OO  to  trad«»- 
HMQ.  Thii  doee  not  teem  to  ui»  to  inake 
ibi  mailer  Aoy  bettor.  Every  one  knovr^ 
tbsi  Connt  d^Or»ay  lived  at  the  r^to  of 
«li  t>r  iievep  thooaand  poitiid!»  a  year, 
which,  multiphed  by  the  twelve  years, 
make*  e  tt>tal  of  nev^^niy-two  thnu^aod 
pound'!,  Thi?4,  Ip^**  the  eighteen  tbou* 
fATi '  .       ;r  thoQjfand  jionodfl, 

'  iite«  rstber  a  pr»t- 
i»iL[.  lifter  all,  aa  Beli^a- 
,  what  is  debt!  Debt, 
'  rd  of  Geniu^  that 
r  eanb.  Werolt 
'neei}iieDee«,  where 
'urtol  He  wootd 
<  of  oominoti  loi- 
ter in  cmpy- 
ill  (»f  the  vnl- 
laiT  CMU  n^vcr  eif^ufid.  Hut  d^ht^  aa  it 
werv,  human  I  wi  *iim,  and  cmwU  ov«r  the 
•Cbvraa]  nature  luoough  of  mortality  to 
It  id  tLt  inlremJ  bean.     M 


great  men  have  h©pfi  \n  debt,  BsTon 
was  embarriki.<^(  Colendge  dreamed  on 
through  an  anoy  of  diuin;  and  we  doubt 
not,  but  that  Wdl  Shakt«$|>&ari«  had  bin 
little  aocoQot  scored  up  belli  iid  the  dour 
of  the  Bidford  tavern.  Leigh  Hunt 
generally  resides  in  ao  Alifio>pher«  of 
pecuniary  diflictjlty.  The  numbt-r  of  eie- 
cutii>ni  umt  take  plAc^  in  his  houeo  are 
appalliogT  aiid  renderitaaortof  domestio 
Tower  Hill.  Thackeray  dedicates  one  of 
hia  books  to  his  tailor,  a>«  the  only  inhiUc: 
be  can  render  that  worthy  individual  fur 
baving  troatcd  hi 01  for  innumerable  coatM 
and  waUtooats,  and  the  eom,  am&r$  man* 
aer  in  which  the  difficulties  of  Mr*  Rich- 
ard Sniveller  are  de,4onbed  by  Dickona, 
seem  to  indicate  an  experience  on  the 
author^^  part  of  the  pains  and  pleaanres 
oi  d«bt.  Ton  have  never  known  the 
word^  magnifio^nt  Dimea  I  It  !$  an  ex- 
perienoe  lost.  You,  who  have  hatl  a 
checik-book  ninoe  you  were  fifteen,  and 
have  nev^r  been  able  to  "overdrew^*' 
bavti  no  acqualntanee  with  the  debtor^e 
side  of  human  nature. 

In  England,  iomehow,  native  literature 
does  not  appear  to  be  flourishing  Just  at 
present  The  way  in  which  gonina  la  oe- 
glected  in  the  firitiah  iaknds  h  reilly 
shamefiih  Men  of  acknowledged  ability 
are  foroed  to  have  recourse  tfi  publii|ftp' 
peaL%  while  the  publish  en  ^pend  their 
money  lavishly  on  tranaadanlio  authors. 
The  tonohitig  and  modest  atlvertiacmeut 
which  we  subjoin  '^lipped  from  a  London 
literary  journal^  will  at  onoe  exemplify 
what  we  allude  to  : 

AYOimil  QETO'LlkCAlC,  ftn  AslhQr,  irbiw  Vfll- 

twppjr  to  f[Wt  m  r.iOT[TRl  on  tfll  BlArJTfFtn*,  l« 
paMljc  <if   pilfTii#,      pDilrTt  f">Mi  *nd   Aeroitloi 

irrltti'n,  On*  tt(  htip^vm*  for  14  wlamp*^ kdAt*t» 
Apararrif  €,  f  riftr>  Wh^rff  Oxford. 

Here  ia  a  man  of  evidtantly  briUiant 
talenta  arid  i  olaaaloid  narue.  That  hta 
Butborlai  initinota  are  of  the  srihlime4t 
ebaracter,  we  have  no  eionee  for  donht^ 
Ing.  The  offer  which  be  so  frankhr 
m^es  to  lecture  on  Tua  BaAuxmri^  ftuflt 
dently  indieites  that  hia  soqI  rerolTei  la 
an  efevaled  •f'hore  of  thought*  Then 
what  a  oontrtit  between  the  pa  were  of 
the  man,  and  the  means  of  anbalitenoe  he 
k  oompdM  to  hftTt  reoourse  to*  '*  An* 
gustns^'-- would  thai  we  knew  hia  patro- 
nymic al^o  \ — h  d^mbtlesa  a  bard  of  ei^ 
tnu>rdi nary  merit  and  wondrout  Ibfoe. 
Ho  ruay  h^  Syjlony  Yeudys  for  all  we 
know,  and  ^'Uahler,''  that  avalanolie 
of  iiioumprehenaible  beentj,  may  liave 
tumbled  Qtnn  hb  Alpinn  Int^lloot  ujioii  the 
aetontibed  worldl    Wboavor  he  be»  Ak 


Tti€  Editor  Q>t  Lar^* 


\i\^  gi&niits  la  all  that  we  can  assert  of  him, 
lie  lias  our  aympathy.  His  grflod  mind 
has  to  Itjwer  Itisclf  to  writing  **  poetrjT* 
prose  or  acrosticd/*  For  the  sin&U  charge 
of  fiiufteen  peony  stampa,  he  will  inclose 
one  of  thoH©  divine  prcHdactions  of  his 
intellect.  Even  Parnasfcua  is  invaded  by 
the  spirit  of  progress.  Wo  doubt  not 
but  that  Gastalta  is  fitted  with  a  modem 
pump.  That  Pegasos  has  been  trained  to 
do  his  mile  in  "  two  forry/*  and  that  Mel* 
poiiiene  ha.si  eichasged  the  eothumui  for 
prunella  ^hoea. 

liondon  ia  the  ooly  city  we  know  of 
— alwaju  excepting  Paris,  which  i«  the 
natal  plati«  of  Bohemians— that  furni^^hes 
the  cuwfl  of  literary  vagabonds,  to  which 
we  presnme  ''  Aagnstna"  beJorigs,  in  ita 
true  perftction*  The  literary  Bohemian 
ia  one  of  the  strangest  animals  under  the 
son ;  nngrateful,  too^  when  he  becomes  a 
little  siioceesfuL  We  have  been  the  more 
forcibly  reminded  of  this  on  meeting 
with  a  volume  by  Jamea  Hannay,  entitled 
*'  Satire  and  SutJnsts^^*  being  sir  lectures 
delivered  by  that  yoong  gentleman  In 
Dm  don  last  ftpring.  Originally  a  mid- 
shipman in  the  navy^  he  one  day  cut  the 
service,  or  tlie  service  cut  him,  a  queytioa 
that  has  never  been  sati8fact<^>rily  settled. 
He  took  hi?*  reveuge^  however^  for  what- 
ever injustice  he  may  have  fuffered  at 
the  handi  of  bis  conmiand^nij  by  pub- 
lishing a  little  volume  called  ^^Biscniis 
and  Grog,"  wliich  wa.^  full  of  person- 
alities and  sneers  at  ilie  naval  service 
and  it"*  dignitaries*  This  was  followed 
by  /^  The  Claret  Cup,"  and  a  book 
entitled  "  King  Dobba,  or  Sketches  in 
Ultramarine/'  which  Inat  u  by  far  tlie 
best  light  work  thai  Mr.  Ilannay  ever 
published.  AH  were  disitlnguished,  how- 
ever, by  the  same  savage  satin nal  spirit, 
sparing  no  one,  and  eepecinlly  bitter 
towards  the  lords  of  the  Admiralty. 
Tht^se  br<ychura  were  followed  by  a  novel 
in  three  volume^  called  "  Singleton  Fon* 
tenoy,"  which  haa  been  repriated  in 
this  country,  and  is  a  worV  of  very 
unequal  merit,  Tlie  chief  portion  of  l£r, 
Hannay^s  early  Kterary  life  has  been^ 
however,  devoted  to  starting  comio 
periodicals,  every  oue  of  which  died 
aim  on  as  soon  a^  born.  Having  watched 
over  tho  o radio  and  the  grave  of  such  a 
number  of  jocular  infant^,  he  waa  one  day 
summoned  from  \m  duties  as  Tuidwife 
and  undertaker,  to  the  important  task 
of  feeding  a  grown  up  funny  paper,  and 
became  enrolled  on  the  list  of  coU'^ 
tributt>rs  to  Punoh.  Yet  Mr.  Hannay  was 
himself,  about  four  years  ago,  one  of  the 


most  flourishing  specimens  of  a  literary 
Bohemian  that  one  could  met^t  lounging 
in  the  Quadrant  in  the  ufternoon,  with 
close-buttoned  coat  and  empty  pooketa. 
Now  to  read  hia  bi>ok,  one  would  never 
imagine  that  once  he  wrote  jokes  for 
small  cnmic  periodicals  at  threepence  a 
line.  He  has  risen  a  httle  in  the  world 
of  late  years.  Thackeray  employ^  him 
to  scrape  together,  in  the"British  musemn, 
the  learning  with  wliich  his  lectures  on 
the  English  humorists  was  ndorn^L  Mr. 
Hannay  ia  a  fine  classical  scholar,  and  a 
man  of  eitensive  reading.  One  can  ^ee 
in  his  own  lectures  what  smrt  of  labor  he 
ia  freah  from,  T^jcre  ta  a  subdu^ 
Thackerayian  coloring  about  them.  The 
same  colloquial  style  that  gives  Thacke- 
ray*s  orations  their  ori^nal  air,  pedps 
faintly  out  beneath  Hannay's  more  ela- 
borate essays.  The  i«anie  w-ay  of  depict- 
ing tiie  genius  of  an  author,  more  by  ple- 
turcit  than  by  analyses ;  the  same  rapid 
grouping  of  accessories,  and  the  um  of 
the  same  ©lupliaric  and  sometimes  start- 
ling phrasesi  all  indicate  that  the  author 
of  *'  Singlettm  Fcmtenoy,"  and  the  juvenile 
writer  in  *' Punch,"  has  maJe  a  close 
^tudy  of  the  author  of  *' Vanity  Fair*" 
But\here  is  no  class  on  which  Mr.  Han- 
nay IS  so  hard  as  that  from  which  he  has 
scarcely  yet  emerged — ^the  small  comic 
writer.  He  is  merciless  upon  his  old 
compa n lo ns.  Th e  pet  bird,  wh en  looded^ 
after  a  year  of  luxury  and  high  feeding, 
aiiisanlts,  without  distinction,  his  wild 
connades  of  the  trees,  and  Mn  Hannay, 
petted  by  *^ Punch  "  for  an  admis?i«.*!i  to 
who^e  columns  lie  once  sighed  in  vain» 
and  tjikcn  by  the  hand  by  Michael  An- 
gelo  Titmarsh,  turmi  with  sudden  ferodty 
upon  those  who>e  rankj  he  has  forsaken. 
and  layn  about  him  with  venomoni  good^ 
will. 

And  itrange  fellows  are  those  s&nie 
Bohemians,  to  whom  their  late  leader  haai 
turned  trmtor.  Thny  number,  probably, 
not  more  than  twenty  or  thirty,  and  live 
entirely  among  themselves.  They  seem 
to  have  no  res^>ec table  ac<|uaintanees, 
but  are  free  of  the  theatres,  and  impend 
much  time  behind  the  scenes.  Keariy 
all  of  them  have  at  some  time  or  other 
done  something  in  the  theatrical  wav, 
either  adapting  a  iiiecc  from  the  French, 
or  doing  some  portion  of  a  burlesqn^^  in 
partneraliip  w*ith  some  other  Bobemlaii, 
on©  supplying  the  plot  and  songa,  th^ 
other  putting  In  the  joke-?  and  smart  bits 
of  dialogue.  They  meet  at  one  another'^ 
rooms— that  is,  dl  who  have  got  roomt, 
for  some  ki^  &  notnsdlo  life,  and  Are 


18^4J 


Thi  EditiJT  flTTSfjr 


ii#fir  k&own  lo  have  &ti  address— where 
Hit;  drink  gin,  provided  by  wljicheTer 
of  llw  f^rtj  hsL9  got  any  money,  make 
•lilmms  ilmt  art^  worthy  of  immoriuJUy, 
ttd  forg«l  si  I  troab1«  or  care  for  Ibe 
xaamym  \n  tho  jovittl  atfoospberc  that 
tktj  tli«ttiselve$  iia^este.  They  are  nil 
aetdf,  «a4  all  wmAy\  If  yoa  had  ever 
tilt  wdc  to  havo  been  preheat  at  llie 
IO^t#  of  a  member  of  that  body,  O 
IHnea,  thav  soperb  apparlUon!  jon 
wovld  liaf«  b<2en  luitmttfd  idUt  my^tenea 
of  4fiiii  whiob  even  ^our  fertile  brain 
Mold  soBToe  hav  e  Im  agi  n  ed.  You  w  onM 
ltfiv«  i»«a  the  edges  of  tl^e  hat  carefulty 
itilced^  tod  the  mfk  of  the  wbiti^ning 
tioaft  fulmiiiti^d  to  the  same  prticegd. 
ToQ  woftkl  have  seen  a  wunderful  pro- 
«ili  of  legenlemajn,  by  which  a  white 
poefclt  li«ailkerchlof  ia  conTerted  into  a 
You  would  h«»©  behold 
to  COD  Deal  the  f^niitii's  of 
i  aatotindlng:  nieobauiiid  >ki\\ 

iatDtilay  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
gloves,     Yuu    woahi    baTo 

low-bllnd  oordi  tamed  lato 
bncM,  »fid  brac^  into  trnweer-^trapa, 
Toa  wotdd  b:iT€  witQeaaed  the  oonstnic- 
tioci  of  D«per  pbant^isma  thrit  lo^iked  like 
lUrtHecaian,  yet  were  not,  Fn  short, 
yiw  would  haTe  beeti  tlio  obscrTcr  of 
an|«ri«  eomparod  to  which  tboso  of 
Mi  mm  have  been  pnerile.  There  wan 
mm  mm^^  member  of  the  Lotidau  So- 
fttcj  of  Bob enuans^— which,  by  the  way, 
WM  known  m  **  the  ffOiig^' — ^who  wa^'a 
Mlnak  €ii  attire.  Meet  him  at  three 
o*lia«lt  tn  the  afterno^^n,  going  to  dine  at 
«Hof  tib*  cheap  Fr^^nch  oatta  in  t^irci^- 
%m  fifoare,  Slid  yoa  met  hitn  In  hb  glory. 
Il  wo«ld  otrtalnlr  ftnke  yoii  that  theru 
wia  aatnethliif  ood  about  hi^  Cinttdiiie. 
A  fttiiifvl  tigbtiita  lad  itrapplng-down- 
ti^iwi  eTttf7wbere;i  but  no  more.  II U 
Ubck  wmmaj^hfl  wa«  well  waxed  ^  hi^ 
ImI  Wft«  A\tl  had  A  mock  Ahine 

ii|HM»  if  '.  though  cautions,  wan 

i»*  Tiiu  MAW  tliat  h&  had 

|d' '  held  them  in  hU  hand. 

Bfi  ^*  WHTrct  h(j  W(w  a  jiharn. 

Til  !ie  waa  eitcnorly  wjm- 

pci««7«4  <.i  fu^,  ^vi.'i  [tinji,  and  fn^jfrnenta  of 
pnntsita.  Ttiey  knew*  thnt  hi^  \n^\\  \m 
db^M  Lu  lib  liood  beciin'4)  thny  were  not 
f«llowa»  ftod  tbal  lie  had  n^vkt  an  honr 
al  iMfl  paatiog  otl^kio  over  hi«  broken 
kiQiLioaato  make  them  bok  Uke  pa- 
taot  Wtlier*  Thb  man  wai  a  comic 
writer,  and  oompi^er  of  hnde^ittm.  He 
WW  Ycrj  derer,  but  rery  p<K»r ;  hon^^r- 
ibly,  ao  we  b«ard,  fcir  it  wai  whlapered 
Uut   bt  fii[)portr<1  a  tiiotli^r  and  two 


sisters.  But  wJincttme-  after  he  had  made 
**  a  hanl  *'  out  of  jsoine  paper  or  tbeaiTti 
he  would  smldenly  di5apf*ear  fromsiKjiety, 
an4  the  next  hxh  friends  woutd  hear  of 
him  wa$  timt  he  wa^  in  Paria. 

To  do  them  justice,  **  the  gang ''  were 

faaerous  enough  towards  eaoh  other, 
hey  aeemed  to  have  a  common  porse.  If 
one  of  them  happen e<i  to  have  any  money, 
they  all  dined  wntti  him  until  it  was  gv^ine. 
If  none  of  them  were  in  funda,  they  stiU 
dined  together — on  credit.  They  were 
being  continually  *''iold  up"  by  landla- 
dies, and  continually  apendlng  tlielr 
money,  when  they  got  t^  with  a  rush* 
Tiie  way  they  herded  together  waa  co- 
rioti<(.  Onoe  upon  a  tlmei  one  of  them 
went  to  Pans,  and  by  eorae  extraordinary 
piece  of  good  luck,  or  good  maoagemenT^ 
estahllahed  whai  be  called  ^^  a  tick,"  at 
a  hotel.  This  wonderful  event  was,  of 
conrte,  eommmucated  without  delay  to 
his  compeens  in  London.  The  nert 
packet  brought  over  four  of  the  gang  to 
Hhare  their  oompaalon^i  good  ^rtniie, 
They  efltiid>lklied  themselves  at  the  hotel, 
and  lived  like  princea,  but  whether  the 
adventure  terminated  in  Olichy,  or 
whether  the  landlord  lored  Uteratnre 
too  well  to  imprison  ita  Yotarl€«,  we  never 
heard.  But^  with  all  their  faoItA,  they 
w*ero  a  fine  aet  of  fellows — clever^  good- 
hearted  and  reokleea;  and  doubUe^  with 
more  money,  they  wonld  tiave  bei^n  bon- 
ester  men^  However  that  may  be^  Mr. 
Hannay,  who  wa.«i  their  leader  and  thoir 
idol,  and  who  nsed  at  Mr*  Blanchard^^ 
chambers  to  lay  down  the  law  over  gin 
and  water,  they  Ibtening  and  applauding 
nil  the  while,  E<t'iot) Id  scarcely  have  turned 
hi!<  hand  against  hiiit  friends. 

Till  4  ggasip  abimt  literature  and  liter.i^ 
ry  men  teems  to  iffeet  too,  Dime«. 
What  are  you  ftirubUng  for  In  that  tight 
pocket  t  Oh  I  nonwease.  You  are  qnii- 
z\n%.  You  don^l  mean  seriou^^ly  to  say 
ilmt  you  have  been  writing  a  poeml 
Oh !  only  an  imitation  \  Struck  by  the 
rhymes  of  the  t>oem  called  **The  Weeder/* 
in  our  Suptemoer  number,  yon  were  c«»n- 
n tuned  with  an  ambition  to  rival  it.  Well, 
wo  don't  agree  with  yon.  Dime*,  that 
the  rhymes  conittitute  tlie  only  ^rellenec 
of  **Th*»  Weeder,*^  for  ws  think  tliat  the 
aubject  ia  very  picturesquely  treated ;  but 
we  will  road  your  tmern  to  please  yon. 
What  i«  it  callad  T  **  ThL^  Vegt't^na"ii^/* 
Aht  fiij  you  have  been  dining  with  ih«>**> 
iib:^urd  people,  who  niairiLnln  that  **  Fruit 
is  the  only  proper  food  of  man/'  WvU, 
we  pity  J(0u*  Notwith)itandlng  all  the 
tnwoieff  written   to  pruve  tJjat  farina- 


498 


Thi'  EUior  at  Lar^. 


[Od, 


©eons  fnmi  h  the  nattiral  one^  we  neFer 
fi5©t  a  clisciple  of  the  school  who  was  not 
a  fool  in  grain.  Bat  for  yonv  poem, 
Dimes.    Attention  I 

TMl    YKHrrAAIAKB. 

fie  feail  wms  f preitd ;  uid  inch  a  shiibbf  fewl  f 
From  an  ntdi  f«»t9  I  crj,  fJood  Lord  ijeliver  tu  ! 

If 0  lonp  laiolDed  Ihtn ;  dd  ilfQ  of  *bj  b«fttt, 
And  l^-I  mu  emnlTermitl 

L^vere  »t  the  h«d,  where  oocc  U(e  pMoLd  re[gDtdf 
Emblem  of  SaJtoQ  pk'Dlj  jyid  of  happlQ«t| 

'"a  sdgG  p^dilltijf  now  the  place  malBtAlned 
to  coiMt  Luf  Ipld  |rapp4ae««. 

The  iurlc^y  toftj  th»tIor4lj  bM  »*i  ffled, 
Su  cnQFe  iu  tiiUflfy  our  kr^n  vori'^ltjt 

Aod  imrii^rjr  befttis  Lkjt  imaklug  la  hli  itead 
Witii  wauderFol  nudaettj. 

floqc  wBJi  Ihr  fueltlng-plff,  whos*  ti-nder  fleih 

Ttie  blBek-cctekftt^a ;  Uie  jTjirtridfv,  whUe  &od  l^ri^i 
Tilth  b«Ad  of  W^W  beiw,  IrticQkoL 

tliert  irmi  do  Hign  of  rabbCt  of  of  hu^ 
Nu  Uay  red-blrel  jrklded  odtir*  fftvcrj; 

UoMard  ordlabes  tbrouged  the  bitl  df  fkre^ 
In  IkrtnMjeomi  brnvefy, 

Nor  ecvuldj  «««  th»t  prranil  *nd  fimom  joint, 
Oti  which  eVii  king*  hcalowcd  tli^lr  royal  benl«mi; 

Wbiit  carried  fl&yor  to  ita  htgtieBt  pointy 
Thfl  aoble  haunch  of  Tcnlfaii ! 

T«  laek  ilpoa  that  ample  board,  wu  roJih^ 
f «ir  •nj'  mlMtaDfw  hj  a  ChrUtl«n  edihb  i 

Nnihliis  waa  Man  but  cahl»e^  and  tquasb. 
Or  ■ocMlhliaf  ai  bieredlblc. 

Paiopkini  In  plei^  and  pumpkttii  hoUed,  ftud  fried, 
Aud  sU^wed,  and  all  without  a  etjiIh  of  natrlmetit ; 

Wh4l  trouble^  loo,  the  rcftt  thing  to  hlJa 
Sene&tb  90i]a«  fa1*e  acqoutremefit  I 

Pot4%toe»  dreistfd  In  fifty  different  wayi. 

As  If  the  aoul  of  dinner  waj  fftrietyg 
With  lereral  coiirftiiii  ol  the  Indian  iDttlae 

AmALied  oi  to  MtlotjT- 

DUtii^i  like  tht««T  tb«  Icnfthjr  tuhle  Rvell«df 
So  Chat  ir  one  ciioae  by^  wtth  gUnoei  cwriOTT, 

From  all  the  pitphke  ml^tdres  hv  beheldi 
tte*d  fane  J  'twM  a  narierj. 

I  eottld  not  ftand  a  banquet  In  tncb  itjle ; 

8ot  after  ebronlcUtii:  th«fe  lirjuige  occturreDCei, 
I  took  my  hat,  and,  with  a  hitler  tmik, 

I  wisnt  to  dine  *t  Florence**. 

Well^  certainly^  Dinie*,  jon  nppear  to 
have  iTse^l  ap  all  the  triplet  rhnuc:?  in 
the  dictionary.  Sorue  of  the  rhymes  are 
g(K*(l,  bat  mfr§  n&ns^  old  f<ellow,  I  don't 
^Siink  modi  of  the  pf>era.  There  I  don't 
By  into  a  rnge  ahoot  ii ;  every  one  ratiBt 
inake  a  begiorrin^,  yon  know;  and,  as  a 
salvo,   I  will   loll   yon   ono  point   on 


if  the  ^ 
[g   an  ■ 

But    ■ 


wbieh  yon  have  eclipsed  the  author  of 
'*  The  Weeder-"  You,  in  a  greater  nam- 
bar  of  verses^  do  not  once  reaort  to  the 
particlpirtJ  ad^erb^  ending  in  ^4j^^  for  a 
rhyme,  whereas^  he  rnake^  use  of  fiinr. 
There;  let  that  calm  your  perturbed 
spirit.  Bnt,  let  lis  give  yon  a  piece  of 
advice^  O  I>lme$,  Don't  build  yonr  hope^ 
npon  poetry ;  f'tick  to  prose,  old  fellow, 
as  long  as  yon  can.  Tliere'i  Bardax,  the 
p^iii  publisher  will  tell  yon  that  poetry 
h  a  drog,  nod  it's  no  nse  for  yon  to  re* 
ply,  hke  Hjdleck,  that  **yon  wish  it  wei^ 
a  drng^  for  then  it  would  sell'"  Poetry 
is  an  awfnl  swamp  to  got  entangled  in ; 
and  unless  yon  have  a  powerful  lantLorn 
of  yonr  own,  the  igjie^fatui  will  lead  yon 
to  destruction.  S^e  how  poetry  is  appreei 
ated.  There's  Tom  Hood,  ono  of  th© 
greatesit  of  modem  poets.  He  di 
p  overt  J,  aod  now  they  hnva  bniJ 
raontiment  to  him,  and  BloncktOD  Mf 
the  parliamentary  rhymer,  apeakg 
oration  over  the  ticnlptnred  atones.  Bnt 
Hoi>d  wanted  the  lojjf  while  he  was  alive 
more  than  tlio  marble  now  that  ho  is 
dead.  There,  for  inanj"  a  sad  year^  was 
that  great  genins  obliged  to  paint  his 
face,  and  play  the  clown^  while  the 
crowd  flung  him  coppers  for  hia  joka^, 
Ee  whose  Iieart  was  swelling  nl til  the 
sublimest  and  most  natural  poetie  iiv- 
Btinct;  he  whose  loTe  of  nelda  and 
flowers,  and  lofty  tree?^  amounted  to  a 
passion;  who»e  subtlety  of  poetic  ei- 
pressJon  i^  not  surpassed  by  any  writer, 
living  or  dead  \  ht^  who  oonjnred  out  of 
the  blackness  of  a  night,  on  Westmtnsier 
bridge^  a  tragedy  of  womanly  despair, 
that  "will  live  for  ever ;  and  whot  with  a 
single  Hong,  »hi*ok  every  heart  in  London 
with  an  eaj'thquake  ofj^itj.  This  man, 
90  ftiU  of  tetulerneaH,  Sfi  ftiU  of  the  know- 
ledge of  his  own  poetic  powers,  hod  to 
)3pei>d  hfs  life  wringing  poos  and  qaips 
fVom  his  brain,  in  order  that  he  might 
live.  Kow  and  then  the  ma.«k  is  lifted. 
Fow  aDd  then  we  see  that  Rood,  the 
jovial  punster,  is  a  melancholy,  bearlp 
broken,  disappointed  man,  A  nightin- 
gale that  flies  about  the  world,  yet  Unds 
no  echo  for  its  naturjil  melody,  and  is 
fain  to  sing  grotesquely^  if  it  woidd  find 
protet^tloo.  We  can  never  think  over 
Hood^s  fate,  the  jester  by  pFofaisian^  and 
poet  at  heart,  without  dfsgnst  at  the 
want  c<f  discernment  in  thoee  among 
whom  he  lived, 

Bot  let  us  leave  such  melaneboly  lop* 
lea,  my  Dim  en.  Let  us  put  the  cypress 
wreath  into  ila  fhenth,  as  The  Letter  H 
would  sajf  and  '.inftjld  the  faldsioo  of 


I 


Th€  Edit&r  at  Large, 


leoL  WhAl  ?h&tl  we  tAlk  abomtf 
fthjill  we  ahtise?  Shall  we  de> 
II j  wUh  an  ttvjda^iicbc  c^f  ridicule  on 
Iciftlie  AmencmiCorrtJspondent 
of  lJi«  Ltnidmi  Crixic,  the  fun  ji lust  and 
notfl  ftjolbh  EmliFMuiil  we  iinre  qqcoum- 
ttrvd  $&  print  for  a  loni^  time.  Or  flhaU 
w»  telk  to  Jim  ttl>oQi  Oraj'*9  autogfipti^^ 
vhtdi  have  JQft  been  sold  iu  I^ndoo. 
Tb*  MS*  of  the  ElegT,  by  the  way,  ia  & 
ooriooi  ipedtnen  »f  word-pulmliiDg*  In 
M^j  «verr  line  there  are  three,  and 
mm/^mm  five  oom^ctiims,  and  wliat  ia 
KtiU  mom  tinrions  they  are  nearly  all  for 
t^  better.  W©  do  not  baUeve  in  »ys- 
iMMtk  poetpr,  btit  we  da  believe  in 
dabfirmto  revidun-  A  gw>d  poem  is^  we 
ddnk,  generally  dashed  off  hnrriedly  at 
int,  thuugh  the  ^rm  may  haTe  be«n  a 
lMfi|p  time  HliimtM^nng  in  the  autlior^s 
bfmiik  But  to  the  »fJer- polish iog  and 
plinuw^'&lLiTing  that  It  gets  it  tnotit  no* 
aur^U'MmV^I^  owe  much  of  ita  sncceas, 
t  hare  taken  itnmense  palna 

« r  .« TDG^  if  the  MS.  of  tha  Elegy 

b*  a  (tkk  ti{ied  men.  Let  it  be  a  leMon  fo 
tboM  |K>«*ta  that  print  in  haste  and  repent 
at  l«kiire.  But  we  see  you  are  weary  of 
iM  Utiii  IttGranr  t&lk,  my  Dimes.  Let  na 
^Ha  gnioefully  %M  to  aomo  more  varied 
iv^ciQ.  Wbal  flay  you  to  a  chat  npon 
ttm  drfttnat  See  v^vhat  theatrieal  pros- 
Mila  k}Oxii  upon  uh!  The  New  York 
TlMfttra^  rWng  Phceuix4ike  from  the 
aiboiuf  thoHetroputitan.  Demoted  Joints 
Jjr  lo  the  {mnluctiun  of  Engliih  opera  and 
Mllft  dftmaa,  may  we  not  erpect  some* 
tilillg  frteaaaiit  in  the  en.imtng  winter  J 
Sow  b  the  tinie  for  yon,  0  Diii]«a|  who 
cm  ambitions  of  eanntig  licararv  laare1% 
U>  write  a  grimd  original  AmerlcAn 
Dfttmal  Don't  let  it  be  historical. 
tkm\  caU  it  'Bunker  HilV'  or  the 
'^fiiiga  of  New  Orltjautf,"  or  an  v  thing  of 
thai  tort*  Let  us  have  a  rnnni  oomedy 
of  American  life;  not  vnlgnrly  flippant,  or 
iiliUoiiallT  ilangukff  but  ik^Itc^LiUly  iinaUi* 
aisbu  tbe  taHouH  ftliadt^ii  uf  t/ur  very 
mmluir  afid  *"'  •  -^  '■  ^" '  ^  t  an  on  t  alo  ii»  «od  (^  ty , 
We  know  rj<  <  r  ralcukted  than 

yOO  tOaOOOUi| . .  ..-li  a  wort-  Imf  nhnvo 

ilV  ^  oot  forpi  to  appeal  t  <  ue 

lenrim^nt,   llave  a  tender, !  nan 

in  *(onwwhat   of    impa5»umed 

ip  en  iho  Adonitt  to  tbe  Diaun 

of  iho  ^%mm.     TUe  fHOOeni  of  that  tra<«hy 
_4nwnacif  Bnlwer*!,  **The  Tidy  of  Lyrm^** 
owing  iliTifiiii  entifrly  to  its  bniad 
ala  to  the  femjuiut!  iK*art. 

.'1  write. 
F>  1  do  iio( 

tfuyij'  wj   iimm  uumit  ittltlQg 

the  cuj  f  £he  iirdJrynd   per- 


formers, afl  giving  tikctil  parti  tliat  th^y 
will  like.  Actor*  are  tbe  mott  whimsi- 
cal and  thick-headed  raoe  la  eiifit* 
enoe.  TUey  have  no  idea  of  the  pr*jprie- 
dee  of  nature,  and  in  nine  ca&ed  out  of 
ten,  act  by  tradttiop.  If  Garrick  had 
tiionght  lit  to  stand  on  I  lis  bead  in  the 
mad  i!icene  in  Hamlet,  all  actors  ^ince 
that  time  would  !iave  rdigioualv  ^tood 
npon  their  heads  in  the  aatoe  place,  at 
the  aame  time,  and  for  the  Aarne  o  timber 
of  seooDdfi  aa  the  great  Mr  Garriclc.  Who 
that  has  studied  our  English  style  of 
declamation  on  the  gtagetliaa  not  been 
disgusted  with  its  ariiilcial  eharaeterl 
Let  any  man^  witli  a  good  mnMcal 
ear,  lis^ten  for  half  an  liour  to  the  elo^ 
cution  of  even  our  best  Iragediana,  and 
then  declare  impartially,  if  he  ever 
heard  any  man,  under  the  influence  of 
even  the  mo9t  powerfol  eJicitement,  in- 
flect bii  voice  in  like  manner.  Their 
voices  fieem  coQtinmdly  cli tubing  sijme 
vocal  Alp« ;  now  ah  rilling  on  the  topmost 
peak  of  the  gamut,  the  next  instant  dart- 
ing like  an  avalanche  to  the  very  bottom 
of  gome  ravine  of  aonnd.  Even  Rachel^ 
who  is  the  very  qneen  of  artifice,  and  who 
produoee  wilb  a  flingle  intonation  tnoro 
powerful  electa  than  any  living  tragedian^ 
u  etniQenUr  unnatnrai.  With  her,  how- 
ever, the  distortion  is  of  flueh  coloaMd 
proportions  that  it  becomes  mafeatjef 
even  as  the  hum£in-hea<led  RulU  olNim- 
rond,  impo^ible  monsters  that  they  are, 
quell  with  nnerplniriNhl-^  rlignity^  gur 
smika  at  th  eir  strti  r  h.    To  ns  it 

eeems  as  if  the  Fiv:     ■  eville  aotora 

were  the  oniy  faithfnl  delineators  of  na- 
tnre  that  the  stage  tias  ever  ^^een.  Their 
efitSf  entrances,  and  movements  on  the 
boardfl  are  ea^y  and  nnaffccted.  They 
do  not  turn  dircctJy  to  the  boxes  when 
they  make  a  point,  and  thi'y  are  not 
afhud  to  play  certain  scened  with  ttieir 
back  towards  their  andienoe,  when  the 
propnetiea  of  the  pteoe  re(|  uire  it  W  hat 
oan  be  more  abaard  on  our  stage,  than 
to  see  A  oonple  of  lovers  in  a  nraw lug- 
room  which  is  only  furni»*!)ed  half* way 
down  the  sta^«*  f^"  n-^^.^iint  ^if  fLi^  neoos' 
sity  of  scene-  leave 

the  fnruli^hed  \-  * ^  hand, 

rmifdi  down  trrav».iy  t^*  '  !  its  lie- 

fore  they  begin  thc^r  cin..  >  f     Wo 

have  absolutely  s**en  a  4vvi>i*j*1  lover, 
while  talking  with  Ins  niliiitreiMi  thrt^ugh 
a  window  at  the  back  of  the  stAgv,  turn 
hia  hack  to  hor  and  hiii  face  to  the  nu- 
dieooe  with  evcrv  •lentence  that  he  nt« 
tired.  A  Fren^^fi  actor^  however,  di>ea 
on  the  iCafa  fpreciiMsty  whut  U%  ^^>Qk\^^ 
In  bk  own  ai^ifUiiAQf^.   \\«  ^^s^s^  ^^^ 


■ 


i 


The  Editor  ai  Ltifge. 


kec^p  sticking  Liniself  mU>  pbiuresqne 
ftUiitides,  tfiat  the  yauDg  bdie&  in  tbe 
privttte  boxes  may  ftdmire  him;  be  is 
jast  as  much  at  home  as  our  actors  are 
abroad. 

Actors,  poor  fallows  1  sometirnes  can- 
ntJt  hell*  carrying  thdr  home  with  ihem 
till  the  sti^*  We  will  t^U  j*m  ti  littlo 
stiiry,  Dtinas,  for  the  truth  of  ^hlch  we 
can  perftoaally  vouch.  It  will  malie  yon 
md  perhaps,  but  we  should  raihtfr  like  Ut 
fle«  ihom  fine  ejija  of  yours  filled  witU 
tears. 

We  went  one  night  t*!  see  a  cornedy. 
Thtj  chief  actor  wijs  a  favorite  one,  and 
tlje  theatre  crowded.  The  curtain  drew 
up,  and  amid  a  burst  of  apf clause  the 
hero  of  the  piece  made  hia  appearance. 
He  had,  howerer,  scarcely  uttered  twenty 
wordft^  when  it  stroek  na  that  something 
strange  was  the  matter  with  him.  The 
play  was  a  boisterous  comedy  of  tlie  tjld 
Bchot>l,  and  required  considerable  vivacity 
on  the  part  of  the  actors  to  eu^tajn  it 
pmperly;  but  this  poor  man  secerned 
utterly  lifeless.  He  walked  and  talked 
like  a  person  in  a  dream;  the  best  points 
he  parsed  over  without  appearing  to  have 
perceived  the ni  j  his  limbs  trailed  as  he 
w&lke<^ ;  his*  smile  was  ghastly,  his  laugh 
hollow  and  unnatural ;  and  frequeotly  he 
would  stop  absently  in  the  middle  of  a 
speeoli  and  let  his  aye  wander  vacantly 
over  the  audience.  Even  when  in  his 
clmracter  of  ihe  silly  hushand,  he  had  to 
EUfftT  bimi^elf  to  bo  kicked  ahout  the 
stage  by  the  young  rake  of  the  comedy, 
and  afterwards  to  behold  that  careless 
Individ urd  making  love  to  hia  wife  and 
opting  hia  sapper,  while  he  was  shut  np 
in  a  closet  llrotn  which  he  oorild  not 
emerge^  his  contortions  of  Indicrons 
wrath  that  had  nerer  before  failed  to 
bring  down  thunders  of  applause,  were 
now  such  dismal  attempts  to  portray  tie 
pa^Hion^  that  hisses  were  plainly  audible 
in  various  parts  of  the  theatre.  A  storm 
of  sthtlatio[i  and  abuse,  long  gathering, 
now  bnri^t  on  the  head  of  the  devotod 
actor.  Insults  rang  through  the  house; 
noi>;y  people  pounded  with  sticks  and  nm- 
^^  hrellas  on  the  floor;  and  to  verba!  attack, 
^^H  orange-  peel,  apples,  and  pea-n  u  ts  soon  su  e- 
^^^^W  ooeded.  The  poor  fellow  stopped  at  last, 
V  and  turned  to  the  shouting  crowd,  N'ever 

^^^  did  we  behold  such  misery  in  a  human 
^^H  countenance.  His  face^  worn  and  ba^ 
^^B  gnrd,  showed  doubly  meagre  in  the  gaa- 
^f  light,  and  large  tears  rolled  down  his 

H  pal  mod  cheeks.    We  could  see  his  lips 

B  quivering  Willi  inward  agony  i  Iiis  bo«oin 

H  swelling  with  suppressed  emotion,  white 


ntterable  iorrow,  that,  after  the  first 
glance,  there  was  no  man  in  the  hooae 
that  dared  not  to  pity  him.  The  and  fence 
was  moved,  and  by  degrees  the  clamor 
subsided  into  a  solemn  silotice.  He 
stood  near  the  foot-Ughts,  quiet  and  dr- 
jectcii.  When  all  was  calm,  he  spoke, 
and,  in  a  voice  broken  with  sob^,  pro- 
ceeded to  offer  hia  Utile  explanation, 

"  Ladies  and  gentlemen,^'  he  f«ud. 
^*  though,  in  tny  performarice  to-night,  1 
am  conscious  of  having  merited  yourdi— 
pleasure,  believe  me  that  in  one  pctini 
you  do  me  an  injustice.  lam  nH  intoii- 
cated.  Emotion  alone,  and  that  of  the 
most  painful  kind,  has  cansed  me  to  ful- 
fil my  allotted  part  so  badly.  My  wife 
died  an  hour  ago,  and  I  letl  hei-  bedside 
to  fidlil  my  uoavoidab!©  engagement 
here.  If  I  have  not  pleased  yOB,  I  im- 
plore of  yon  to  forgive  me,  I  loved  her, 
grieve  for  her  \  and  if  misery  and  anguish 
can  exqtise  a  tanit,  I  bear  my  apology^^ 
here  I" 

lie  placed  hi^^  hand  npon  bis  heart,  and 
stopped,  A  burst  of  tears?  relieved  for  a 
moment  hia  paroxysm  of  grief,  and  there 
was  not  a  corner  of  that  house.  Dimes, 
that  did  not  re-echo  that  poor  actor's 
flobs!.  The  audience  was  completely  over- 
come, and  an  honest  burst  of  sympathy 
made  the  painted  trees  on  the  stage 
tremhle  as  if  struck  with  a  sudden  storm* 
Women  wept  loudly,  and  strong  men 
silently,  and  during  the  remainder  at  tbe 
evening  the  performance  was  icarcely 
audible  through  the  hurricane  of  applanse 
with  which  the  crowd  sought,  after  their 
own  fa^hiiin,  to  soothe  tbe  poor  aottir^s 
wounded  heart. 

There  was  something  very  melancholy, 
my  friend,  in  the  thought  of  that  wrcMcbed 
man*s  coming  from  the  bed  of  death  to 
d<>n  gay  attire,  and  utter  studied  wiiti- 
cipms  for  the  amusement  of  a  crowd,  not 
one  of  whom  drearned  of  tb©  angnisb 
that  lay  feislering  under  the  painiad  cheek 
and  stage-smile.  Think  you  not,  then, 
that  in  the  great  theatre  of  Life  there 
ore  many  around  ns  Hke  that  poor  actor, 
smiling  gaily  at  the  multirndei,  while  at 
homeliessotne  mystery  of  boitow,  wbow 
shadow  is  ever  present  with  ibem  in 
busy  places^  and  in  solitude  re  vela  op* 
on  their  hearts  ai  a  ghoul  among  thfl 
tombs  t 

Depend  on  it  there  is  many  such  a 
Hfe-drttraa  enacting  near  ns,  a-?  fevered, 
thotigli  not  so  spasmodic,  as  Alexandar 
Smith '3. 

Talking  of  Bmith,  sir  i   tlieoij 

which  we  formed  the  i  f  i«  bid 

regarding  poetry.    It  is  \im,  innl  mid- 


lSi4.] 


The  Sdihr  at  Lar^t. 


441 


«ir  It  f^roBfie  of  poetry,  at  leiut,  of  inch 
fMMtrj  i*  we  §ti  now-tt-djiys  from  «Qch 
rcMUig  featloiiieii  i9  oondei^eiid  ta  write, 
la  tlie  ttfil  pla<wv  \mopk  goto  the  wAteriog 
pliett  in  idimmor,  and  nt  thftt  lime  in&y 
M  fuppOMBcl  ill  guih^r  those  delightful 
■imilai  about  liie  ao&i  whli^  e?ery  one 
reiid*  now  with  so  much  pleasure. 
TiMaoi  comb  tbt  tnanei  and  tails,  the 
taw^f  U6m,  ihe  creamy  honoms,  the 
#maf«ld  kdr,  tbe  emrry  tabafdi^  the 
uiilkT  anna,  the  tuoooy  eyes^  the  ^andy 
wiMtani,  and  oytfter-fiheU  u?etli,  with 
wMeh  old  oeaiD  bat  of  late  been  deoc>* 
ntad.  Kapttm^,  ««  deeionbed  by  the 
Solliiai,  Big;^  and  Bnutburyt,  would 
pimaBt  ft  remarkable  a|i|i«aranee.  What 
ainliltet  ft>r  au  imaginaiire  jutrnt  I  But 
oar  Ihaovy  t  Sammer  is  liberal  of  light* 
aiOf ;  ■uttiiner  ft  libt^ral  of  ram  and 
Dooalight,  of  dual,  of  leafV  v^mes,  golden 
ffoav  md  ttlvor  idimihs.  Now,  of  iheae 
aktre-^mentioned  properties  and  of  these 
a|yo«,  ia  our  uimlvm  |>oetry  uiade  up. 
They  are  to  l*e  picked  up  only  in  anm- 
maf,  thtrfjfore  amnmer  i«  the  oauae  of 
Uie  poetjy,  Tberefore  fliia  preaent  sum- 
»af— rt4i  the  oolnmtif  of  the  Orfiio  and 
iba  AEhtDuum — has  prodtjc^  an  an* 
aqnaOed  crop  df  pu^Us,  The  ainonnt  of 
aterif  mnooa,  md  aofia,  that  thMe  g^ntle- 
laaA  have  eoaaoixied  in  oat  render  the 
OTp|p||^  tlarmiDgly  ahon  for  their  tuc^eaa^ 
tn.  No  rfimn  ean  be  eipeeted  to  nae 
aiL^  '  planeta^  aud  we  regret  lo 

013  remain  iug  atock  i»  exceed- 

b;  There   are   atillf    perhapa, 

iij.  urn  kft  to  aaliiify  a  moderate 

daniand^  but  iuns  aud  moons  are  at  a 
"AnioroiiA  waTea,  wagging 
oreimy  toiU  like  taw  uy  liona, ' 
flBMa  at  a  tnodtrate  liguru ;  but  if  aoy- 
Mdf  fac|itifaii  aMara^  perfectly  mw^  and 
wMTaiHad  with  ^  fiery  hair,''  we  would 
adiriie  an  early  application. 

toQ  fjttve  not  read  ''  Firmiliau/^  you 
mift  Q]  Dimaai  thoti  art  a  man  to  be 
pAlM.  Aitiiurj,  the  Blackwood  man, 
aid  nrpnted  anUior,  hm  norer  done  any- 
Ill^  ao  food  before.  Ji  14  a  withering 
aitfPiimn  Smith,  and  Bigg,  and  Brad- 
liVfY,  hut  more  particnkrk  Smitli. 
Onoat  the  n^^ni'  de  plum^  of  Mr.  Porey 

Jiifiaa*  Ayt' '  -  Uk^^  a  tfirrent  of 

aaaMreiml  r:  i\m  diHingtiMwd 

atttfaiw^of  the  Luu  4fr«mm  all  ttie  more 
AMil,  hittOii  tha  hnlutire  ctnf  widi 
wUeh  toa  valmne  U  lEIIlvl  in  mingled  with 
Ottinr  piMMgaa  of  true  {KH^try.  iliiit  itlnm 
what  the  man  eonld  do  ii  be  liked. 
Qaorga  GilliUan.  too,  'the  eplondSd 
vrHar,**  aa  the  rbneh  men  oall  hjjn  in 


Ihilr 


London,  comes  in  for  hia  sbare  under  the 
Ti^iw  of  A  y^ollodoro'*!  the  critic,  Gil- 
^Iktrei  mia^iou  Js^  it  wonid  aeem,  to  dis- 
cover r>o*;ts,  Sydney  Yondya  h  a  Writ- 
ting  of  hiB  J  he  iiad^  we  faocy,  somethifsg 
to  do  with  Bmith^  and  has  lately  dug  njr 
a  ticw  bard^  Bradbury  by  name.  In  the 
dranstt,  **the  splendid  writt^r"  perishL'fl 
as  Apollodor^8  in  the  very  exereiR^  of 
hii  missioD,  He  is  standing  at  the  ba^e 
of  the  pillar  of  8L  Situon  StyHte^,  sigh- 
ing for  a  new  poet,  while  Flrmiliftn,  the 
beroj  h  on  the  summit  conversing  with 
a  poetaster.  Firmilian,  wishing  to  ex- 
perience the  sensations  of  a  murderer, 
chucka  the  poetaater  over  the  paraj^et, 
and,  juet  at  the  motnent  that  Apollo- 
dorus  is  entreating  Heaven  to  send 
him  a  poet,  down  comee  tlie  required 
artlde  on  bia  cninium^  and  critic  and 
poetaater  perish  together.  Bead  Fir- 
mil  ian  hy  all  means,  tny  Dimes,  it 
may  eiire  yon  of  ever  attempting  Life 
Dramae. 

But  not  even  the  pungent  ridienle  of 
Blo/ckwood^t  editor  can  entirely  extin* 
gniflh  the  spirit  of  true  poetry.  Almosl 
whiJe  Firm  ii  inn  was  beinj?  cw>ncocied,  all 
Ix^ndon  wiM  ringing  witli  the  fume  of  a 
balUd  tif  whitih  even  the  anthfjrship  wag 
Uuknown.  A  new  poet  fiad  etarted  up 
under  the  vevj  notes  of  hu^tilv  rtivtow- 
enH  and,  at  a  ningle  b^^nnd,  marched  into 
the  temple  and  usurriefl  the  shrine. 
This  wondroaa  prodnotion,  an  yet  tmac- 
knowledged,  haoaiti^  known  throu^li 
<me  of  thoae  deviooft  pathi  bv  which 
gTiiHt  ereatiofia  totnetimee  m^titid^r  into 
the  daylight  of  c^^lebrity.  Btrange  to 
relate,  it  wjw  flrst  *«ng  at  one  of  thtise 
c<mvivial  tikooa  af  reeort  m  admimbly 
deecTilivd  by  TbactolJ  la  the  ojR'niug 
ninnbi^r  of  the  **  Newcom<*«,''  nniW  the 
title  of  '^'^tlio  Cave  of  Hammny.'^  Thii 
£aat  indnotia  un  to  txsiieve  that  tlie  auUior 
miiatbeofobaeuranndtioD^and  prtd/ably, 
goadad  hy  want,  dbpoaed  of  tlii«  glorious 
ballad  to  aome  one  who  pnt  it  to  a  lue 
niiwi?rthy  af  the  immortal  firu  that 
illiuniEiatea  the  verw^,  Tliiii  gloriomi 
poem  ifl  entitled,  ^^Tliu  lt)mqnch<^>!y  tra- 

Jedy  of  V'iUlkins  and  hiii  l)aunh«** 
'here  in  no  due  on  tlje  titJe^jiage  U^  ite 
origin ;  ii  baa  jKone  forth  to  the  world 
in  what  Charkft  Bclwyn  would  edl 
"grand  hirnplicity." 

It  o|i<<(i»«  nnelyn^  with  an  epio  aubUtnity 
wltich  rcjeotfl  all  nnnoeaaurv  nrologtie. 
To  plonpe  time  Into  tha  middle  of  the 
auhjeot  indtoatai  a  fiiui  aalf-rdianoe  la 
Iho  author,  a  daring  eoneciouaaeai  of  liia 
own  power  to  aofgiat  all  the  pfaIhiiitiiF> 


rief?  mmlU  toU  hf  other  poete.    Ho 
begins  ibim; 

■*  It  b  tira  ftd)  sierr  h«sl  T  tuo  golnf  for  tn  tett, 
Wlio   h«d  for  ft  dmugtither  mh    onklmmon    Una 

lier  nui]i>  \l  Wiu  Dtnnlr—juit  al^tflen  |T!ftr  Ijld^ 
WlUi  a  T*TTT  lar^  furl^D  hi  tUvler  iiii4  f^iL 
Sldgltig,  toonJIt  toorttll^  toorsJl  dftx  I 

SlDgLa^,  tcioraJ]^  tooriJl,,  toi^nill  doj  T* 

In  the  second  verse  wc  enier  hr^Wlj  on 
the  (Irama^  and  all  LUrottj^h  will  be  ob- 
senred  Id  t.h£»  nualdt  interjiellatioiiB  of 
proi«  with  which  the  lioed  are  s|*riakled, 
the  stmnge  huinur  which,  as  it  were^  do- 
minates t:ln3  fttut-y  of  tlie  poet : 

**  Koir  aa  IMiLAh  wiui  ■  Tilftktf  la  the  gtrdlDg  too 

(Uhl^f  vii  tlie  frottt  garding  AiirriouDdei 

frith  the  grctn  rnUSnga) — 
fllf  ik^htt  eomnL  up  lo  hfr  Jijul  thua  to  ber  did  i«j^, 
*  G«  dnna  jaofSelT  Di&ih  In  jatjeoOMf  irmy, 
And  Fll  bflnf  f  on  home  ■  bitfib&nd  both  gmllimBt  uid 

BlnflA— ToonilL,  lilorDill,  ierOPsJi  d»y  I 
CKoHDnse^on  ucciiuiit  of  tiie  prL^poiltJoQ  of  Ote 
fAfleiitf  b.dJ  the  ireddln^  br«akr«jtt  U«  wan  about  to 
fird»r  <»f  the  p&ittir-cook  bnmiui  iht  coiner). 

SlDcto-^toor^  toonUi,  loonll  day !'' 

We  will  proc€€d  to  the  third  vcr^ : 

*'  Oh  !  fbther,  r\pAT  fblhet^  the  diitu|;bter  th«  «iUd| 
I  donl  feel  itiflitiej  to  he  marrldd, 
ADd  yi  my  l*rfe  fortia  Til  gMly  §\vt  oVr 
If  f  irii^  l«t  tab  LiTe  tlnfle  a  jeu  or  two  mdre^ 
Slagtti— toorall,  toomll,  toomU  dny ! 
GhoriouAe^un  account  of  thti  haatkocDubLaf  rc^ 
inOh«lr&Doe  of  tl^e  hoEtiprtDg  (o  tbe  hauthor  of  her 

helfif). 

Hlufbi—liKtrall,  t£Korair,  thrall  day  E" 

The  plot  thickenB,     We  see  that  iiti- 

lufitural  ^*'  parient "  is  about  to  ctrnsign  hh 

daugb  ter  U*  t  hat  wortit  of  llviDg  deatfis— 

Ui  uu happy  Jtiatriiiioaiftl  nnioti.     N«3% 

"we  even  see  that^  <;onE;onant  with  the 

iBtotumtile  spirit  that  dweli^i  in  hitn,  lie 

,  tries 'to  ^ihn  his  only  child  into  eora- 

Ij^ce  with  hi^  wiahe^^  by  telling  her 

i  attire  herself  in  splendid  garrneDt^,  or^ 

she  curiously  tenaait,  "jorjeonse  array  ^** 

aeaning  to  intonate  thereby  that  Ue  it 

rilliug  to    pay  her  dress-raaker'a  bill* 

[Po<ir  Dinali!     God  help   her  I     In  the 

[B^xt  verse  we  meet  with  her  indignant 

[protest;  a  true  woman,  sb©  entreats  and 

[defies  by  turns,  aod  knowing  the  merce- 

I  nary  disposition  af  her  inlinrnaDparient^ 

I  thinks  that  hU  feellnga  are^  aftor  aJI,  to  he 

^  rojicbed  througli  money.     Iler  entire  for- 

j  ^ime  ahe  gladly  oft&rs  to  sacrifice  nn  the 

|«ilUir  of  her  freedom.    Her  remonefraDoci 


b  tanobingly  aimple.  The  trae  ar  rtkt 
speaks  in  the  fewn^s  of  tiie  tdv^chc^ 
Here  we  have  no  insane  ravings ;  liti  pre- 
tiruinary  dedaration  of  deaptirat^i  dei«d.% 
Paio fully  and  earnestly  she  iilead^  hi*r 
cati^f  and  opens  to  iia  the  nabk-nesj  of 
her  heart  in  th©  inrreoder  of  lier  wealth* 
AgaiJi,  at  this  point,  do  we  <jb!Jerve  the 
art  of  the  author.  He  gives  n^  no  iuii- 
matton  of  the  preytons  engageToent  of 
her  virgia  a^ect^otii,  bnt,  witliuut  his  aid, 
a  ray  of  light  breaks  myftterluusly  in 
upon  ua.  Eka  why  tbii  earuei-tnyiii*  of 
[irotest  against  a  man  she  Ima  never 
seen?  Why  ttiis  naqoalifitrd  surrender 
of  her  vast  poeaessiona  I  It  is  at  once 
manifest  that  she  lovea  another^     * 

The  m%t  verae  Is  cKicupied  with  the 
^^e^asperiatlon  of  the  panent  agcn  hh 
progeny,"  in  wliioh  be  declares  that,  un* 
lesi  she  marries  the  individual  he  dev 
tinea  for  her,  be  will  entirely  didiiUeril 
her.  Here  the  first  part  may  be  r^aUy 
said  to  close* 

The  opening  of  the  eecond  portion  in- 
troducoi^  a  new  character,  of  whom  the 
reader  ha^  liad  what  may  he  called  aa 
impersooal  glanee  alrearly* 

»  Horn  as  TilUkln*  in«  a  ralUciaf  In  tl»  i«rdlng  fell 
fWtqd— 

(thti  w^i  the  liaeic  pirdtnir  vbcLTV  0m 
vegeUblet  frleir} 
H«  a|»[«d  hlff  dear  EHDah  ^Ibk  fiend  tipi^ti  tL«  grtundi 
With  a  cup  of  cold  pliion  lying  clow  hy  bef  iide«— 

(It  wai  Uhell^^d  the  best  BHlbh  brandy) 
And  a  bUly  dna^  Haying  as  how  *twi»  hy  ption  <bc 
dl*d." 

O,  dark  catastrophe,  equalled  only  by 
that  last  terrible  scene  in  Luere^la  lior- 
gia,  with  what  sudden  and  dramatio  f^rce 
art  tliou  brought  before  us  I  From  a  m* 
r&i  picture  of  a  back  garden,  stocked  with 
^I  the  luxuries  of  the  horticultural  Beaaoiu 
where  the  ouctiinber  swells  Mm  verdant 
cylinder,  and  the  g^mrd  climbs  through 
the mo»9j boughs ota^ed apfile-treert,  that 
rise  from  bed.^  of  cnrliug  geWni*,  we  sud- 
denly stnmhle  over  the  dead  body  of  a 
woman  I  How  thai  sunny  garden 
obangea ;  what  dark  ^hadowH  oruef i  over 
the  white  apple  bonghs,  and  the  fhiii* 
ing  cahbages  I  what  awful  sorrow  tinotun* 

{>aese6  that  funereal  group  ot  living 
over  standing  #larkly  above  tiie  oorpms 
of  Im  mistress.  We  know  of  n«  saeo^ 
in  modern  pcfretry  mt  »rr  '  -  ■  -  '  ftp* 
palling ;  the  more  90,  1 '  ■  "^t- 

ed  of  any  melodraniatiiL  «..v '.:-.-»--  i^^-,  And 
is  nakedly  grand  like  the  stone  tragedy 
of  the  Laoct>6n« 


E 


ISi^l.] 


A    YANK  E  8    DIOGENES. 


THE  Ifvnd  character  h 

I  ii^gvmc;  till*  Y«iike«  b 

tor*  4inMV(t  n'-\  tti  foiiiprelieTid  the  tid* 
fiJitBgtt*  (it  hvif]|^  iti  what  we  mti  the 
wnrldi  ilwr©  »re  aa  bftrfttiis  to  be 
oiA^k  ia  the  deeert^  nobodjr  to  b«  f nken 
«i|vftiiyi^  of  io  the  wocidii,  whilo  tlie 
dwelkftiti  tiih«ftnd  ihontieA  biivci.^lon^er 
yn^oTttmltlf^  of  bottentiji  their  condition 
If  liirtirr.  Whea  the  N«w  Englander 
htuvm  lii»  home,  It  h  not  for  the  pleasure 
qC  llfl«t  by  hlmwjlf ;  if  he  h  migratory 
la  hit  li^l>lt«i  it  U  not  fruiti  his  fatidne^ 
iir  MiitiKk^  nor  from  ftttj  impatience  he 
Mi  «t  H rin|^  in  a  erowd.  Where  ttiere 
M9  IttOifl  men,  there  fs  generoJIy^  most 
WM^.  Hid  thei^  b  where  tlie  «irong^t 
itifftctlotii  eiM  for  the  genntDe  New 
Sofltfidar.  A  Yankee  Dkigeiies  Is  a 
lagMii  ftml  W0  feel  a  |>ectiltar  iiitere«l  in 
re^'uDkff  th#  t«oooiiiit  which  m\  (xJdHy  of 
thaX  Mnd  gtTtr*  of  hhnifelt  Tire  nitme  of 
tteoAa  bai  liot  a  Kew  Knglnnd  wrttind; 
bwt  we  baliere  that  Uie  authtir  of  Walden 
U  t  ceiiallie  New  Enj^land^r^  ftud  of 
KgH  Ettirl.ind  aotcc^enii*  muI  tMlueatioti, 
.AHIIgit],  '  linfy  gWvn  iLe  rea(H>rm 

lirpih.  1"  k«>k,  at  tJie  t*nt*et,  he 

d(M0  ttot  d««kr)^'  ^lAtc  thu  r)ii]M.*fl  ttmt  led 
litm  to  Uv4t  thf*  ISff*  of  A  hcrmil  on  tbo 
af  W  'd.     But  we   !r*fer 

lib  \  '   hh  aim  wnn  the 

l^tiy   remar  be 

|io«aililf>ft.  'ifj 

ia   OPfnaitit^Q    lo    :h.  rmu    of 

•trlTUOf   to  Jive  ujM.fi  J*,  while 

dolly  miMng.    Mr  ^nbiy 

Ifii  ittecaw.  and  then  f  < ' ' • 
Id*  Dctrmal  eionditttin 
tail  oi  that  ^^ic -I  ^  u- 

iMfff  tnu^i  the 

mJ  p«»t>s  no 

WMlyt;  fnr  '  '^tj* 

ttii   111    rut'"  not 

Mi^o  he  Uk*;a  11,  .]-*:  wi.                k  to 

111     W«hftt«  ftiiii-trtiH  >■  rity 

•CtUSt-^^^  Hiftt 

iWeuote^  the 

ifcMI.  ^Qf«n«  placed  hii  tub  where 
AUptUi^c  woul-'  '  -"-t'  of  »eeiag  It^ 
ttMl  Mr.  Thorn b  unIj  confoitca 

th^l  li#  oceiNioi^ — .r  .4  1  out  l«i  dine, 
md  wlHHa  tUt  MM^etj  of  woodohuiski 
ind  ^^lififdAg-tqalrr^  wert  l]iiafiol«iKi 


for  hii  amaMment,  he  liked  to  go  ialo 
OoncH>rd  and  li^tefi  U)  the  village  gonaipe 
in  Uie  storei  and  lavorna.  Mr,  ThoreM 
in  forma  m  that  h«  lived  aloae  in  tb# 
woodi^  by  the  silions  of  Walden  Pond,  Iti 
a  ihftiitj  hoik  by  bi»  own  handa,  a  mile 
from  any  neighbor,  two  year^*  and  a  halt 
What  he  did  there  besjdee  writing  the 
book  beft^re  oi,  cultivating  beans,  H>!jnd- 
ing  Walden  Pi»ad,  reading  Uunier,  bukinf 
iohnny-catea,  fltDdjiog  Braltminicftl  theo- 
logy, listening  to  ehippiog-iquirrels, 
reoeiviog  vh\i&^  and  bavins  hi^  imagfno- 
tions,  we  do  not  know.  He  gives  ua  tb« 
T^nhA  of  his  bean  cuhivation  wiih  graftt 
particularity,  and  the  00!*t  of  hi*  shantj ; 
tnit  the  aeMial  reaolu  of  hh  two  ye«fv 
and  a  half  of  hermit  life  he  doea  not 
give.  But  tiii.*re  hare  been  a  gi>i>d  maiif 
hvca  frpMit  and  a  giiod  deal  of  noi^  inadft 
about  lb«m|  too,  from  the  mm  toial  of 
wboae  r«aglta  not  half  ao  ttiuoh  piod 
could  bo  «xtnot«4  a»  may  bo  fonnd  lo 
thi^  htll«  ▼ulmt'  Miiny  n  man  will 
find  pteajnre  in  reading  it,  and  many  ft 
one,  we  ho(>e,  will  be  jirofiled  by  Iti 
ocinn^lii.  A  tour  lu  Knro|>o  would  bav« 
c^m,  a  gtKid  dim!  more^  and  not  hivi  prch 
duced  hiilf  as  muel).  \«  a  matter  of 
curiosity,  h*  bIiow  hiiw  cheaply  u  geutle* 
imin  I  if  mflnvd  taster,  lofty  a^piraritin* 
atid  cultivated  iiitellvt'L  may  llv^^  ereii  in 
thee©  dayi*  at  higli  p^i^>li^  we  copy  Mr. 
Thoreau'tt  account  of  hia  iirst  year  **  ii|»o- 
ration^;  be  did  l»ettcr,  l*e  iiifontui  ea, 
tbe  aeoond  year.  Tho  cut  it'*  nont  of  hia 
hunae,  wbieA  an«wered  ali  hin  jturpOMi^ 
and  waa  ii  oi>itifortftble  Ami  bho^j  om  ha 
dwiie*l,  wte  ISilSf  But  onu  catmot 
live  on  a  hon»e  mile**  bo  rent*  it  to 
stiiiiebiKly  i^l»e»  ev«*n  tliough  be  be  a 
philoN[>pber  and  a  believer  in  Vlahnu. 
Mr.  Thorettu  fvlt  the  n««d  of  a  little 
ready  money ,  one  of  the  most  eonvetiiiot 
UiiligB  in  the  world  in  have  by  one,  *viii 
befnrt'  hi**  hon^o  vra"*  linitihed. 

n  tin  *ir  tWi'U'e  dollara 
by  and  hon*-*^t  motliHilj" 

hi  oWivvj*,  "I  pljoitCTl  nbuut  two  m:rea 
and  ahalf  of  light  and  »audy  !«oil,  chit^fljT 
with  hoan^.,  hut  alK^o  a  Hmull  p»rt  wltii 
potatoes  and  corn,  peiw  ni^d  turnip*.** 
Ai  be  waa  a  nouatter,  lie  [»uid  UMtUing 
for  rentt  an<l  tt»  he  wn*  miiki^'g  \w  vaV 
cuktifm  ft»r  fuluf*'  ■■"''  '^^  v.-,  r.dod 
notliluf  for  man  I!  >^ 

of  IjU  »rniiniT  w  il  o» 

tivi  to  y«>onf.  y 

iob«bekl  up  ^^c 


444 


A  Tankei  Dio^^enes, 


[Oct 


pu  i*Bui  ts  b  J  mgrieol  t  a  ml  periudlcal^ ,     He 

^'My  farm  ontgoea  for  ibe  firiit  season 
were/ for  implement*,  seed,  work,  &;c-, 
tl4  72^.  The  t^^l  c^in  was  given  me. 
This  never  oosls  anything  to  spejik  of, 
wflless  \i>ii  pliiiit  iiu^re  thaw  enougb.  1 
got  twelve  bui^hels  of  bean^  and  etgtiteea 
biwhels  i»f  potatoi**!,  lieeidtfs  some  i>eik! 
and  sweet  coro.  Tlie  yellow  turn  and 
iwrnips  were  too  late  Uy  come  to  aay- 
tbing.  My  whole  jnconie  from  tbefann 
wafl 

Tt)<f«uelen $3T1)4 

bt^skles  produce  c^onfiumed  and  on  hand 
at  iJie  time  thb e^iinate  wa?  mad^?  of  tho 
volue  of  $4  50^ — the  omiiuut  on  hand 
much  more  tban  batancioff  a  little  gruiis 
whki[i  I  did  not  raiie.  All  tbinga  consi- 
dered^ that  is,  considering  the  impor- 
tance of  a  msn^^  sonl  and  of  to-day^  not* 
withi^tanding  the  short  time  oecupied 
by  my  eiperimenr,  Day,  partly  even  be- 
etuae  of  its  transient  tiharacteTi  I  believe 
that  that  was  doing  better  than  any 
firmer  in  Ooneord  did  that  year  J' 

We  will  not  extract  the  other  items 
which  Mr.  Tboreau  favors  us  with  jn 
the  neoonnta  of  his  minoffe;  aeoording 
to  hiB  figures  it  cost  him  twenly*seveQ 
oents  a  week  to  live,  clothe^^  included ; 
and  fir  thi3  sum  he  lived  healthily  and 
happily,  received  a  good  many  dlstiri- 
i^uishL*d  vim  tors,  who,  to  humor  hie  style, 
used  to  leave  their  nainea  on  a  leaf  or  a 
oinp,  whyn  tbey  did  not  happen  to  find 
him  at  home.  But,  it  strikes  ns  that  all 
the  knowledge  which  the  ^*  Hermit  of 
Walden"  gained  by  his  singular  espe- 
ritnent  in  living  might  have  been  done 
jufit  as  well,  and  as  satisfactorily,  wlth- 
OMt  anj  ciperiment  at  alh  We  know 
what  it  costs  to  feed  prisoners,  paupers 
and  soldiers ;  we  know  what  the  cheapest 
and  moat  nutritious  food  c^Bt3,  and  how 
little  it  requires  to  keep  up  the  bodily 
health  of  a  full-grown  man,  A  very 
simple  calculation  will  enable  any  one 
Loaatisfy  himself  in  regard  to  such  points, 
and  those  who  wish  to  live  upon  twenty* 
seven  cents  a  week,  mny  indnlge  in  that 
pleasure.  The  great  Ahernethy's  pre- 
acriptiou  for  the  attainment  of  perfect 
bodily  health  was,  "live  on  aixpeiiCe  a 
day  and  earn  it.'^  But  that  would  be 
Sybaritic  indulgence  compared  with  Mr^. 
Thoreau^a  experience,  whose  dsily  ex- 
penditure hardly  amounted  to  a  quarter 
of  that  sum.    And  he  lived  happily,  too, 


thougli  it  donH  exactly  speak  volumes  in 

favor  of  hi^  fij^tetii  to  annoiinee  that  ht 
only  cimtinued  his  econotnical  mode  of 
life  tvt'o  years.  If  it  was  ''  the  thing," 
why  did  he  n(>t  conlinue  it  ?  Bat,  if  be 
did  not  always  live  Tike  a  hermit,  pqqat- 
ting  on  other  fieople^s  property,  and  de- 
p^^uding  upon  chance  perch  and  pickerel 
tor  hia  dhiner,  be  lived  long  enough  by 
his  own  lal»>r,  and  carried  his  system  of 
economy  lo  gncb  a  degree  of  perfection, 
that  he  telk  us ; 

**  More  than  five  years  I  maintained  my- 
self tlius  solely  by  the  labor  of  my  handsi, 
and  1  found  that  by  working  about  six 
weeks  in  a  year,  1  co old  meet  all  the  ei* 
penses  of  living.  The  whole  of  my  win- 
ters, &s  well  as  most  of  my  summers, 
I  had  free  and  clear  for  study.  I  have 
thoroughly  tried  school-keepiug,  and 
found  that  my  expenaea  were  in  propor- 
tion, or  rather  out  of  proportion,  to  my 
income,  for  I  was  obligea  to  dreaa  and 
train^  not  to  say  think  and  believe,  ac- 
cordingly, and  I  lost  my  time  into  the 
bargain.  As  I  did  not  teach  for  the 
good  of  my  fellow-men,  but  simply  for  a 
livelihood,  this  was  ft  failnre.  f  have 
tried  trade ;  hot  I  found  that  it  would 
take  ten  years  to  get  under  vray  in  t!iat» 
and  that  then  I  should  probably  be  on 
my  way  lo  the  deviL  I  was  actually 
afraid  tliat  I  might  by  that  time  be  doing 
what  is  called  a  good  business.  When 
formerly  I  was  locking  about  to  see  what 
1  could  do  lor  a  living,  some  sad  eiperi- 
enee  in  eontbrming  to  the  wishes  of 
friends  being  fresh  in  my  mind  to  tax 
my  ingenuity,  I  thought  often  and  se- 
rioufily  of  picking  huckleberries;  that 
surely  I  could  do,  and  Its  small  profit* 
might  suffice,— 'for  my  greatest  skill  hm 
been  to  want  but  little^ — so  little  cjipital 
it  required,  so  little  distraction  from  my 
woDt^d  moods,  I  fooli^'bly  thon^t* 
While  my  acquaintances  went  unheaita* 
tingly  into  trade  or  the  proCaseionfl,  I 
contemplated  this  occupation  as  most  like 
theirs;  ranging  the  hlUs  all  stammer  U* 
pick  the  berries  which  came  in  my  wajr^ 
and  tliereafter  carelessly  dispose  of  them ; 
so,  to  keep  the  flocks  of  Admetus.  I 
also  dreamed  that  I  might  gather  the 
wild  herbs,  or  carry  evergreens  to  such 
villagers  as  loved  t-o  be  reminilod  of  the 
woods,  even  to  the  city,  by  liay-cart 
loads.  But  I  have  since  Ienrn«d  that 
trade  curses  everything  it  handle**;  and 
though  you  trade  in  mesBaffCv^  ^mm  bea* 
ven,  the  whole  cunseof  trade  attacbesta 
the  business. 


i 


I 


lid4j 


A  TmkH  ^itmnrs. 


Uh 


} 


^'Ab  I  preferred  eomt  thinp  to  otb^rH, 
■fid  wpecklly  TAlned  my  fr^om,  a«  I 
could  mne  hard  sod  yet  snooeed  well,  I 
did  tiQ%  wu^i  la  ii|>^Qd  my  time  m  e&ra- 
bg  dell  oftfpetf  ar  other  fine  furDitore, 
Of  dclbftte  cookery,  or  &  bauM  m  the 
Gr»cifto  or  Gotble  itylt  jtiit  yet.  If 
lker«  \m  m^j  to  wham  ii  h  no  mUrTup^on 
m  Aoqtilre  th«H0  things,  and  who  knaw 
htm  to  me  them  when  aecmjred,  I  r«Un- 
ooiah  10  Uiein  the  par^nlt  Soma  are  ^'m- 
atl»trioll^'^  and  appear  to  love  lahor  ibr 
ittf  awn  <ak«^  or  perbape  heoauae  k  keepK 
tbaiQ  eu%  of  worae  laiaGhief ;  to  aucb  I  hare 
at  firNeDt  DaiLiDg  to  fluy,  Thoe«  who 
wmM  Dot  know  what  to  da  with  more 
Idivra  tlian  tht?y  now  eqjoj,  I  might  ad> 
fte  10  work  twice  m  hard  aa  they  do, — 
till  thty  pay  for  themad^eA,  and 
tlidr  free  papers.  For  fDyaeif,  I 
that  the  ooeopation  of  a  day-lahor- 
ibe  moat  independent  of  any,  ea- 
aa  it  reqairod  only  thirty  or 
ija  In  a  year  to  auoport  one.  The 
day  eoda  with  tne  going  down 
nn.  and  be  ia  tben  froe  to  dovote 
__,  to  bia  chosea  pursuit,  mdepeod- 
ani  ai  bla  labor ;  but  hi^  employer  who 
Irum  month  to  month,  haa  no 
from  one  end  of  the  year  to  the 

*^lu  abort,  I  am  oonTineed,  both  by 
bitfa  and  eiperienoe^  that  to  inai retain 
ocka*a  adf  on  tbia  earth  is  not  a  bard- 
bot  a  pattlme,  if  we  will  Hvq  aim* 
pljcnd  wiaaly ;  aa  the  i^areultii  of  the 
iiiii|i|er  natiuns  ar«  atill  the  sporta  of  the 
laore  artittdal.  It  h  not  Qe^ettary  that 
a  taaa  ahotild  earn  hi»  11  ring  by  the  sweat 
td  hU  brow,  uuleae  he  aweata  eaaler  than 
idoi" 

Tbaia  ii  nothing  of  tbe  mean  or  tor- 
did  bi  tha  eoooomy   of   Hr^    Thoreau, 
k  to  atvme  hia  fimplidiy  and  ab- 
may    appear   tHvi«l    and 
ht^  iffw*^  not  live  t*heaply  for 
Ifcaaak  •*,  nor  idly  to  avoid  la* 

Ivr;  t.  ,  ij  may  live indi'pcndfjutly 

aad  fi^^  hia  gr^At  ihougbta;  that  ba 
mmf  mmI  the  Hindoo  ftcripinr^ie  aad 
aoomflli^  with  tl^e  vinible  forrrtn  uf  na^ 
mpm  Wa  rDOat  do  biro  tho  crwUt  to 
Mimll  that  Ibere  U  nu  tiitM?k  suntinivnt, 
nop  «imtibt$nn  n(  piiity  or  phltantltfopf  in 
bj-  ■■  !([  mof^h  i»f  aeyiiic, 

m>  '%'dM  hint  a  Y*ankc« 

Iiiof^Qiai,  um  oiijv  fwivonage  to  wboia 
ia  Mta  a  d«cidad  tmmahtmm  if  ihat 
mmI  batnorsd  cfaa^oti  of  Piffktna, 
Marlt  Tifitay,  wboaa  ddig ht  wa«  in  bHng 
Jotty  aoder  diHoaltlea.    Tl)e   fobowinf 


paaaage  might  hava  been  written  by  3fr. 
Tapley  if  Qiat  person  bad  ever  lurned 
author,  for  tlie  sake  of  leMing  the  pro- 
vocatives to  joUity,  which  umy  be  foond 
in  the  literary  profentont 

"  Sometimes,  wlien  I  compare  myself 
with  otljer  men,  h  aeems  as  if  I  were 
more  favored  by  tlie  gods  than  they,  ba- 
yond  any  deserta  that  I  am  oonieioot 
of;  a»  if  I  had  a  warrant  and  a  anrety 
at  their  hands  whlc^h  my  fellowi  have 
not,  and  especial ly  guided  and  guarded* 
I  do  not  flatter  myself,  hat  if  it  be  poa^ 
flible  tbey  flatter  me.  I  have  never  felt 
lonesome,  or  in  tho  least  oppre**ied  hy  a 
Benae  of  aolltode,  bnt  onoe,  and  that  waa 
a  few  weeks  aft^r  I  came  to  the  woodi, 
wben^  for  aa  hour,  1  doubted  if  the  near 
Eieigbborhood  of  man  waa  not  essential 
to  a  serene  and  heattby  life.  To  be  alone 
wan  aomething  unpleasant.  Bnt  I  wai 
at  the  flame  time  consctous  of  a  ab|^t 
insanity  in  my  mood,  and  !^^cmed  to  fora- 
see  my  recovery.  In  the  midst  of  a 
gentle  rain,  while  ihe«e  rhoughts  prt^ 
railed,  I  was  suddenly  ftcinaible  of  tuoh 
sweet  and  beneficent  aodety  In  Nature,  in 
the  very  pattering  of  Uie 'drops,  and  iu 
©Tery  Fwmnd  ftnd  Right  arfiund  my  housa, 
an  Infinite  and  nnacc^un table  friendly* 
oeea  all  at  once  like  an  atmosphere*  aoV 
tMuing  me,  as  made  the  faneied  ad  vim* 
tagea  of  human  neighborhood  insignili* 
oant|  and  I  have  never  thoneht  of  them 
fti nee.  Every- 1 i Ule  pine  needle  expandad 
nud  swelled  wrth  sympathy  and  be^ 
friendied  me,  I  was  so  dii^tinctly  made 
aware  of  the  prea^n^  of  something 
kindred  to  me,  even  in  seenee  whieb  we 
ara  aocoitomed  to  call  wild  and  dreary, 
and  alao  that  the  nearest  in  blood  in  me 
and  bnmanest  wa«  not  a  pen»on  nor  a 
villager,  that  I  thfi right  no  place  could 
ever  be  titmnf^e  to  me  again. 

*  VnumiFif  unl^inflT  c«iuitiai««  111*  i^d ; 
In*  >T«  itwir  dajt  ia  tlH  kud  or  th*  llvlDf , 
anntiruL  dA^bltr  «f  Twaw.* 

"  Souie  of  my  plaiaant^tt  hours  were 
dudng  tho  long  rain  iUirtiw  in  the  spring 
or  fall,  whirh  confined  me  to  the  boiue 
for  the  afternwm  as  wall  m  the  fora- 
no<*n,  soothed  by  their  traaathtas  roor  and 
pelting;  wlmi  an  early  twilight  UNhered 
In  a  lon^  evening  in  whioh  many 
tb"'  '  time  tn  (  ind  «n. 

foh!  »•-(.     In  lli^  tiMrlb* 

eaai  rami*  winch  ir     '  nt 

in 

i  tho  door  iTi  tny 
ii^  all  entry  V  a^I 


io,  when  the  mn 
tnop  and  pai!  ^'   * 
d singe  out,  ] 
little  hotww?,  V. ...  ., 


A   Yanhee  3u)^en§9, 


[Oct 


tliorocj^hl)-  enjojed  Its  proteetiDn.  In 
oil*  heavy  thund^ar  ehower,  the  ligtt- 
oiiig  fitrnck  a  large  frttcli^pme  aorose  ihe 
pond,  making  a  very  congpicuoua  and 
perfectly  regular  spiral  groeve  frt^n  tap  ' 
til  boUora,  an  ioch  or  more  deep,  and 
ftitjr  or  five  inehei  wiCe,  as  job  would 
grcKive  a  walking-stick.  I  pas^N^  it 
agitin  the  other  day,  and  wa«  ttruck  with 
awe  on  looking  tip  and  beholdiTig  thiit 
mark,  now  iijiire  diistinct  than  evjt^r^ 
where  a  terri!ic  and  resUtlea?!  bolt  canau 
down  out  of  iht  harmkss  sky  eight  yeftr» 
ago.  Men  frequeutly  «iy  to  me,  'I 
ahoutd  think  you  would  feel  loue^omo 
down  there,  and  want  to  be  nearei"  tblk^, 
ramy  and  s^nowy  day?,  and  nights^  ei^jw- 
oially.'  I  atn  tempted  In  reply  to  airoli, 
— Thk9  whole  earth  whsoh  we  inhabit  is 
Vut  a  point  in  i*pac«.  How  far  «l^I, 
think  yott,  dwell  the  two  must  dletant  in- 
habitants of  yonder  star,  the  breadth  of 
whose  dm  bannot  be  appreciated  by 
onr  instruments  ?  Why  should  1  feel 
lonely  ?  hs  not  mir  planet  in  the  Milky 
Way  ?  This  which  you  put  seems  to  me 
not  to  be  the  most  impcrrtant  question. 
What  nort  of  stpace  is  that  whiuh  sepa* 
raie^  a  man  from  hw  fellows  and  makes 
himsoHtary?  I  have  found  that  no  ex- 
ertion of  the  legs  can  bring  two  minds 
much  nearer  to  one  another.  What  do 
we  want  moHt  to  dwell  near  to  ?  Not  to 
many  men  surely,  the  depot,  the  poi^t* 
office^  the  bar-room,  the  meeting- house, 
the  »ehnol*hou^,  the  grocery,  Beacon 
Hill,  or  t lie  Five  Points,  where  men  most 
QOBgregate,  bat  to  the  perennial  eoiiree 
of  our  life,  whence  in  all  otir  eiperience 
we  have  found  that  to  tf^sue,  a»  the  wil- 
low Htatidi^  near  the  water  and  fiends  out 
Jte  roots  in  that  direr^tion.  Tins  will 
vary  with  different  natures,  hut  this  is 
the  place  where  a  wlie  timti  will  dig  h la 
cellar.  •  *  I  one  even  I  tig  overtook 
one  of  my  town^tnen,  who  has  accumu- 
lated what  h  called  *^  a  J  i  and  some  prt>' 
perty,  "^though  I  never  got  a /air  view 
of  it, — on  the  Wnlden  rom^,  driv-iiig  a 
jiftir  of  cattle  to  njarket,  who  inquired 
of  me  how  I  coidd  bring  »ny  mtnd  to 

f've  up  m  tnany  nf  the  comforts  of  life, 
answered  that  I  wa*  rery  sore  I  lik*^ 
it  passably  well;  I  wa^  not  joking.  And 
§0  J  went  home  to  my  bed,  and  letlt  him 
to  pick  \m  way  through  the  darkne^ 
and  the  ttmd  to  Brighton^*— or  Bright* 
town, — whicli  place  he  would  reuol* 
some  time  in  the  nwraing.^^ 

There  if*  a  true  vagahondish  dUpi^itirm 
manifei^ted  riow  and  then  by  Mr.  Thorcaa, 


which,  we  imagine,  was  more  ptiwerftil 
in  leiuiing  him  to  hif  €'remite  wny  of  hfe, 
thuft  his  lov^  of  eastern  poetry,  and  hia 
fondness  for  fihfierdng  the  ways  of  enake» 
tind  ^hiiierst  U  I  here  had  bae»  a  e-ainp  of 
gilisies  in  the  ncighoHtQiid  of  Concord,  h« 
would  Iiave  hecunjeitkiiig  unitiog  Ibetfi, 
like  Lavengro.  k  breaks  all  M«  wlih 
uxunistaka^le  dii^tinctneei : 

*^  As  I  catne  home  through  the  woods 
with  my  string  of  fish,  traHing  my  iiole, 
it  being  now  quite  dark^  1  canglit  a 
gliiiil^e  of  a  woodchuofe  stealing  aeross 
my  paiK  ^^d  felt  a  atrange  thrill  of  ea* 
vage  delight,  aiid  was  strongly  temjited 
to  mxe  and  devour  him  raw ;  not  t^tat 
I  was  h angry  then,  except  f<^  th&t  wjld- 
m»9  which  he  represented.  Once  or 
twice,  however,  while  I  lived  at  the 
fv>nd,  I  found  m^^aelf  raogliig  tlici  moo^ 
like  a  halt'-stArved  hound,  wicli  aalntHfQ 
abandon  maul,  seeking  som«  Idn^  of 
venbon  which  I  tntgfat  devour,  and  no 
mon^el  could  have  been  t<»o  favige  fiir 
ini^.  The  wildest  M^n)^»  had  beoofD^  in* 
accountiibly  familiar^  I  found  In  mvi^f^ 
and  ^tiU  find,  ait  itiHtlnct  toward  a 
higher,  or,  as  it  is  named,  a|^>i ritual  life, 
%»  do  mi^t  men,  and  another  toviai^d  a 
primitive^  rank,  iind  fiavage  one,  and  1 
reverence  them  both.  1  love  tJie  wild 
not  le^s  than  tlie  good.  The  wildiiMS 
atid  adventure  thai  are  in  fialiimr  Mill  re- 
commend it  to  me,  I  like  -  -  Ut 
take  rimk  hold  ou  life  and  f^j  ly 
more  aa  the  animak  do.  fviaii|<>  j  juire 
owed  to  thta  em  ploy  men  t  and  t4»  hunting, 
when  quite  young,  my  oloBe«»t  a<:M|miin* 
tance  with  Kature,  They  earU  inirtn 
duce  us  to  imd  detbin  u^  in  sc^naery  with 
which  otherwi>*e,  at  that  age,  we  shoold 
havelit^Je acquaintance.  Fitiheruien,  fann- 
ters*  woodchoi>per,'i,  and  others,  i^jjendijifE 
their  hves  in  the  fielda  and  wmidv,  in  a  pe^ 
cnhar  mt\^  a  part  of  Nature  itieiri^lvMt^ 
are  often  in  a  more  favorable  mmid  for 
obi^erving  her  in  the  intervals  of  th^ 
pur?ujt»,  than  philo^opherfi  or  poela  ^vtfn, 
who  approach  her  with  exp«ctatlofli 
Blie  k  not  afruid  to  exhibit  h«ii^«lf  to 
them.  The  traveller  on  th^  -'-  --^^  |^ 
iuitural)^>  a  hunter,  rm  the  n 
of  file  MiH^nuri  and  UiJunil  r, 
and  at  the  Fsilb  of  St.  SU\T\  in. 
He  who  i^  only  a  trnvdlur  if^ 
at  Ht^ond*hand  and  hy  the  h  ■.  h 
|Muir  ntithority*  W«  are  nm  ud 
when  .«ci«^tico  reports  what  tlio^e  men  d« 
ready  kijow  [iraciit'ally  or  iustinotiv^ily, 
f<ir  that  aiunii  h  a  trui^  hftmanit^^  or  ao* 
oouut  of  liuman  eipcftence. 


t 
1 


2^ 


^^s^ 


A  Tamket  Ihd^me§, 


n? 


"T1i«*y  mi!«Ule«  who  Assert  that  the 
TnDLtcfv  htiii   Uw  umusem^ntt,   becAQi^e 
f  lia^  not  fo  inaoy  pnbllc  boUdsjs,  and 
(»n  And  hojB  do  not  r»hiy  so  maay  gamea 
■  ■  m  EoglAntf,  for  here  the  more 
but   scilitarjf   iimTis*nients  of 
MTin^,  tifthing  *nd  the  like,  have  not 
y»'t  givijii  iikoe  to  the  ffirrner.     AJrnost 
sry  Httw  Engktid  hoy  dTiKmg  nij  eon- 
ini  fihoulderm  a  ftiwliuj^^pieoa 
fWion  the  agm  of  t«ri  and  fuurteeti ; 
hia  bunting  and    fhhmg  gritunck 
I  not  Limited  likt^  the  pre-^ervoa  of  an 
/  "i  itobleuiaii«  hill  w<5r©  more  huurjd* 
tVKD  thaa  lho«e  <«f  a  «ivfl^'4>,     Xo 
r,  tb^^  that  ha  did  not  oft e tier 
le  play  oa  tJbe  common.     But  al- 
dj  a  QhaBg«  la  taking  place,  owin^, 
^  10  Bm  ItuMaed  bumAQity,  bat  to  an 
•d  ioaroity  of  game,  fbr  perhaps 
I  liQBter  U  the  greatest  friend  to  the 
bttnt#tL  not  excepting  the  Hu- 

IlMra  b  ttlfioll  axccLlent  good  MUM 
'  la  a  Tary  oomprehanmTe  and 
ao  tnaaim  nnpldiflatii  «tf)t  fn  Mr, 
aV  bfiok,  aad  t«t  people  ihtuk  m 
f  amy  of  tlie  irindorn  ttt  propriety  of 
fanar  hi«t  fa^hion^  d^.in\ifi^  on^wlf 
»illI1lH«i  wh^-li  ihu  ^'tmii  mn  if- 
bf  thi  inke  ni  WaiUn^  n  hfc  of  law- 
!•■■  «i|pibciiidigc,  and  frctsdotn  from 
fltarobad  coUin,  iher»  &r«»  but  f«w  rtadeTH 
wImi  irflt  iSitl  10  ftod  jtn>Ai  and  r^fre^h- 
taaat  Ift  hk  mm  Perha|ii  0ome  prisi;- 
tied  fiiiiB4e  im  think  tliat  a  ptinijeu.»ph«r 
litt  Jkr.ThotPMlti  might  havt^  d*mi'  iha 
iporid  a  t>ettctr  ^«'rvic4t  hy  purehA*in{r  a 
piiti  of  Innd,  imd  -hL>win^  how  much  it 
ht  iMt  mude  t4«  [iroditoe,  lu-itend  of 
dfig  o»  Einolher  man**«  pretn1»ea, 
RIM  DMritig  how  little  w\\]  #offloe  to 
iMI^body  and  mttSi  together.  Hut  we 
ao^C  allow  phtlo^opherpf  and  aU  oth«r 
aoQ,  to  full)  1  their  iiiissioni^  in  tlidf  own 
waj.  If  Mr.  Tboreau  had  be«n  a  prao- 
tel  fkrm^f,  wy  nhoukl  not  hai^a  Wa 
^^^am*!  with  bin  vohime;  hU  com  and 
oaMiafe  woatd  hnw  done  hnt  little  to- 
vttik  |ircilltSti|f  iM^  and  w^  fn^ght  neref 
bVPt  bttn    '  fitr  hU  InhorH.     Aii 

II  ilL  W9  m-  I '  h  111  I  >  m  V  a1  n  ablt^  to 

Ifeimhlttldred"-    '<^^     ;-:  h-.i':-,   :  l-:      .liUy 

alitdi^- ""'*•'■ '-  '        ■  1^  sriil^v  fjut* 

la  a  viable  vol- 

wet.  ^«'t  frotn 

UiMdatrir  tdinf 

10  ih'  ^"laot 

U|^l«  a*  w*ii  n»  w^ynk  trofn  an 
_.  itliar.  wa  mtt-it  lake  leave,  ^jr  the  pre- 
~liiil^  <vf  the  |llfloeo|di«f  of  Walden  Pond, 


•^Ifoirt  laeti  appear  nowr  to  hare 
coRfl^dered  what  n  h^m^  is,  and  are 
actually,  though  r-  [hxjr  all  their 

Kvesi,    because    i  ..     ihttt    llj<?y 

innst  have  such  nn  tmc  as  tlieir  i»i*)gli* 
kin*  have.  A»  if  i>ii*;  Were  to  wear 
any  sort  of  ooat  whtoli  ih^  ttiilor  rnigJit 
ctit  ont  forliitn ;  or,  gradually  leavhig  off 
palpkof  hat  or  cap  of  woodchuck  sKJn, 
oompiain  of  hard  times  Woau^e  he  aonjd 
not  affot^d  to  buy  him  a  crown!  It  ia 
poft6ibk  to  invent  a  hou>%e  titill  more  oon* 
venient  and  luiuriou»  thaa  we  have, 
whicli  yet  all  would  admit  that  man 
c«>uM  not  afford  to  pay  for,  ShaH  we 
alwaji^  f^tudy  to  obt&iu  moris  of  theea 
things,  and  not  cornet loip.i  to  be  oontant 
witli  l**m  ?  Shftll  the  rt^fn**? table  cltkan 
thiH  gravely  t*'Ach  by  precept  and  el* 
aniple^  tho  n^cc^sity  of  tho  yotmg  man^a 
providinfT  a  certain  nuinher  of  superfloous 
gfi       '  and    iJTnbrcdtfl*,   and   empty 

pi  ''i<r*  fitr  empty  giieat*^  hetbro 

h  t- 1  i  J  V  > »  tV  1  ly  sho  uhl  not  ou  r  f^rn  i  t  u  re  be 
act  simple  a'^  the  Arab*ei  or  tht?  Itidiun*af 
Whi*n  I  think  of  tho  t»*nefaotoi«  of  the 
raei%  whom  we  have  apotheosized  fig 
nins*wtiRt^r^  fnnn  heaven,  bearors  of  di* 
vitie  gifU  lo  man,  I  do  not  9^  in  mj 
mind  a»v  rt^tinue  at  their  heel 4,  any  car- 
load of  fanhionahlo  fiirTiituro-  Or  what 
if  I  were  to  allow — would  it  not  ho  sin- 
folar  illowaneef — that  otir  fnrnitore 
ehould  be  more  eomplex  than  thtf  Arah\ 
in  [iro[K:»rfioii  am  we  are  morally  and  in* 
telloot^ially  hi*  superiors  I  At  present 
our  houf*e*  are  rluttered  and  dt^filed  with 
li,  and  a  good  huu^c^wifu  wonhl  ftweep 
out  the  greater  j>art  Into  the  d«i«t*!iol^ 
and  not  leave  her  mornln g'i  work  un- 
done. Morning  work !  By  the  bluahoa 
of  Aurt^ra,  and  the  mtialo  of  Memnoo, 
what  ahonld  he  a  tnan*i  mtfrnin^  t^^rrit 
in  tlm  world!  I  had  thre<^  pie^««  of 
lfm«vtoiie  on  my  dia^k,  hat  I  wa-^  terrified 
tt>  find  Uiat  they  required  to  In.'  dusted 
daily »  wb«n  the  fhmiture  of  my  mind 
wa*  all  tmdi]iit<Hl  Ktill,  atid  T  throw  them 
out  of  tho  window  in  di^agnst,  IIow. 
then^  ooukl  J  have  a  ftirnisthiTil  hon^T 
I  woitld  rather  d%  In  the  open  air,  for  no 
dn^t  gaihem  on  the  graiu«^  nnlov  whofre 
man  ha«  broken  grotind. 

^*^ It  Li thc^ hixurioiu  and  diinipated  who 
Bet  the  Jartfiion*  whieb  the  herd  m>  dlli- 
genrly  fcill^pw  T*-  ii-'^-^-ii.  r  i*  >,,,  i^topt 
at  tlie  hf»t  t^* 

vera  tills,  f-  .     \iim. 

to  be  rt  resigned 

himaclt    '  -  iio  wodd 

toon  ho  onoi|>ii*tt  I  >  ctniincuiated,  1  thiaJk 
that  in  the  rai[r4*ad  cur  we  are  Indined 
to  tfp«nd  Qioi«  oa  Wiiun  ^2QA^^i^^eS9#^ 


443 


^iiorml  J^oiei — Amerkan  Litiratun. 


[Oet. 


and  coTivenience,  and  it  thre^tea^,  with- 
out ftttaiaitig  tlje&ej  to  become  no  better 
than  a  modern  drawing-room^  with  ita 
diTaua,  and  ottoman^n^  and  emnshadeSj 
And  a  hundred  other  oriantat  tbingS} 
which  we  are  taking  west  with  us,  in- 
Tented  for  the  the  ladies  of  har^m  and  the 
eflemjoate  nativ^es  of  the  Qelettlai  Em- 
pire, which  Jouadian  should  be  ashamed 


to  know  the  name^  of*  T  would  nather 
Bit  on  a  pumpkm  and  have  it  all  lo  my* 
^elf,  than  be  crowded  oa  a  velvet  cush- 
ioD.  I  would  rather  ride  on  earth  in  &q 
oxi'Cart  with  a  free  circulation^  than  go 
to  heaven  in  the  fancy  ear  of  tin  exour* 
don  train,  and  breathe  a  malaria  ftli  the 
way," 


EDITORIAL    NOTES, 


LlTKBATURl. 

Akkkican. — Nip-Motu^  or  Etef-Roc- 
mQ%  in  Uie  St^uik  Seoi^  w  the  title  of  a 
imrrative  of  ad^enturet  among  liie  Ha- 
waiian, Georgian,  aud  Society  TslamU^ 
with  majH  ami  origiuol  illusiEratkui^s  aod 
an  appendix  relating  to  the  resourcei3,  so- 
cial and  polilical  condition  of  Polyueiiia, 
and  other  subjecL^of  interest  in  the  Paci' 
fie,  by  Edward  T.  Perkins.  The  author 
was  m%  years  ago  one  of  the  crew  of  an 
American  whaler,  and  .subsequently  a  paa- 
eenger  in  an  English  brig^  sailing  in  the 
South  Paddc^  and  bis  book  is  the  result  of 
those  voyages,  Tho  word  Na-Motu, 
which  he  has  chosen  for  Lis  general 
title,  meanji  in  the  Tahiti  an  dialect,  *'  Tlie 
Islands  ;^^  aud  he  acconlingly  confines  hia 
descriptions  to  the  two  groups  of  the 
Sandwich  and  Society  Llands.  Id  the 
fit^t  part  we  have  some  etiterfcaining  and 
lively  skBtches  of  life  on  board  of  a 
whaler^  which  is  an  agreeable  introdue- 
tiQU  to  the  more  ^rifjiid  aeeount  of  life 
and  manners  on  the  islands.  An  incident 
of  the  death  of  a  boy  from  Earatonga 
Islatid  'm  feelingly  dedcribed,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  ambitions  phrases  in 
the  coarse  of  it,  and  gives  us  a  good  im- 
pression of  the  heart  of  the  writerp  The 
adventures  are^  rather  misiicellauecuaf 
covering  a  long  residence  in  the  diftereut 
islands,  and  not  being  connected  with 
each  other;  hut  moat  of  them  are  inte* 
resting  as  well  as  novel  The  valuable 
information  of  the  book  is  to  be  foutid  in 
the  appendix^  in  which  the  author  has 
eondensed  a  large  number  of  importaut 
facU  as  to  the  present  coodiliou  and 
prospects  of  Polynesia*  We  are  indebted 
to  him  for  mum  hours  of  plea&ant  read- 
ing, and  not  a  little  instruction. 

—  The  Mitt^ry  of  Cuha^  by  MATrruLN 
M.  Baj^loUi  iii  ratliiir  an  account  of  Cuba 
as  it  i^  than  a  history  of  the  island*  It 
does  not  give  u*  miioh  new  knowledge, 
but  what  it  does  impart  \n  conveyed  with 


fesia. 

Sl]||^^ 


animation  and  apparent  fide1itj<  Cuba 
is  now  a  subject  of  i?uch  miiver^  atten- 
tion in  tins  country,  that  every  word 
relating  to  it  ha^  some  value.  Mr.  BaJlou 
adopts  the  theory  that  Spain  ia  linked 
with  France  and  England  in  a  plan  to 
''Africanize  the  island,'^  and  is  ooiiiiider- 
ably  disturbed  by  the  prospect  of  the 
speedy  execution  of  the  plot.  But  as  he 
furnishes  no  convincing  evidence  of  the 
trutli  of  im  belief,  we  may  be  per- 
mitted to  doubt  whether  his  agitation 
is  not  a  little  premature.  That  Spain 
has  adopted  mea^iures  for  the  improve- 
meijt  of  tbe  condition  uf  the  slaves  is 
clear  enough ;  and  that  thede  measi 
will  lead  to  the  ultimate  emancipation 
a  gj'cat  many  tjf  them  is  also  dear  \ 
why  we  in  the  United  States  should  be  |j 
parti  cuJai'ly  troubled  by  such  moveirjentfi^ 
we  do  not  see.  Cuba  is  a  dependency  of 
Spain^  and,  so  long  as  ghe  r^TUjiius  ^, 
mui^t  be  ^subject  to  ihe  regulatiou^  of  the 
mother  country.  It  ia  no  duty  of  oura 
to  interfere  with  her  domes  tic  affiurs^ 
especially  when  the  management  ul  thein 
tends,  as  it  lii  alleged,  to  the  r^storalioa 
of  BO  many  huinau  beings  to  the  liberty 
of  whieh  they  have  been  wrongfully  de- 
prived, We  have  recently  a;*Aert«jd,  in 
regard  to  our  own  territories,  the  prin* 
ciple  that  each  community  mui^t  be  per- 
mitted 10  take  care  of  its  Dv.  '  :  ^^ 
and  we  cannot,  with  any  >  y, 

while  maintainiug  this  pohi.*  »-.  v^^r- 
selves,  depart  tronj  it  in  regard  U\  others. 
If  the  inhabitants  of  Kansas  are  pertectly 
competent  to  regulate  their  own  ijif^titu- 
tion*,  we  siippo?H3  the  inJiabiti^ut-a  of  Cuba 
mu^t  ho!^  and  the  intervetition  of  the 
XInited  States  is  oot  at  al!  required. 
Whether   the    elTecU    of    t-  i« 

would  be  beneficial  or  other vv  ,.ir 

Uittee  immediately  interested  Ll>  sjij,  ;trid 
not  tor  us  who  belong  u>  another  n^iUou. 
Ko  one  can  tloubt  that  It  windd  be  greatly 
ti>  the  titlvatitagi^  of  tbo  i^laud,  com£li4<r- 
ciallyt  poi  it  lenity,  and  socially,  to  bn 


Miitoriai  Not4§^AmirkaH  LiUmtum 


I  to  Uie  UtiiUd  Bt^tm;  bul^  ubuI  Uio 
fmoplm  of  liie  iniiiiil  &re  i»  a  alAte  to 
MIMiflit  that  «dviuita4|e,  fitid  tc  ftvftil 
tfcii«miW*g  of  if,  by  a  determined  moi?e- 
'ir  uwti,  there  i4  nothing  for 

Jar.  fijuioa  bears  witnc^  to  tli«geae- 
ni  good  ttmilmml  uf  Ui<»  CMbAo  sEvie, 
lad  tbelf  AprtareDi  oonteutment.  His 
ieeoiint  of  ttiu  li£e  and  maaneii  of  tbe 
•i«»tik  U  iOto  fyi  of  iut«reitf  and  ftddu 
1  y    to    our    knowledge.     Tbe 

vt..  ^..  V  en  IttaDtne  of  th  flutter  ebap- 

t«r»  »r«  {NUtioalarljr  iraltmble. 

«^Oiir  readers  may  remember  an 
micta  wtiioh  afip«arad  in  UiiA  miigaziQe, 
tOtlU^  ''O^oeraJ  Ogle— a  Cbiiracrt4sr," 
It   waa  tVi>  Ti  of  Dr.  William 

Eldehv  of  ^i&f   and  exdtod  a 

gocxl  daal  ut  aamiruui/a  and  rnirlh  at  tUo 
dm*.  Am  a  ikatdi  of  a  piMsullar  eemosf 
It  wia  deverly  done^  and  aIiqw^  a  re- 
Diarluibk  dkcnmhtatinn,  naweUaaoon- 
Mmbk  wit.  Dr,  £ld«r  baa  lince  pub- 
lUiad  U  iu  a  Totatnef  wliioii  tie  oaiiMi, 
Peritoopief;  ^r^  Current  Stti^se^  JS^^MH^ 
p^ratimnafy  7V$attd,  and  wbiobf  baeides 
tlva  Gaikafil  Ogle^  cootatns  a  vaHety  of 
hk  othar  ttiatribatioiia  to  tbe  ne  «'«ipa|>ers 
aail  twrkidkale  of  the  day.  Tliey  ans 
4telbiit«d  aiider  tbv  ha^  of  '*  Uba* 
iMSata aad  Taka,**  ''SlaHUy;'  ''Fancy;* 
lad  ^Pk4ittoo*Ei  1  '  the  eharac- 

ttri  aJMl  tale«  Wi  Ity  iUts  lai^pat 

i«il  Ui^i.  [a  a  lit  cjy  |»rciiie^f  the  dijClor 
Mbaa  hia  dtJa,  ahar  W«b«t«r,  In  t^iiH 
wiia  '*  l*0rbe>o|jic,  a  viewing  on  nil 
iidtt;  a  term  a|>i>bt!d  to  afHH*tiit^li>4  liaviiig 
eMCavo-cunvez  gliustMB^^  fur  rlK«  \mrfHitm 
el  uureaiAcig  the  dbtitictiitr^  of  ohjeet^ 
vkwed  obLiqtielir,'*  and  ijisbu  ihut  ho 
Uii  many  precede  dUi  for  eon  verting  the 
adji?rt!rc  into  a  plnfal  nono^  One  inlght 
qt  ■  lnjthisr   he   hast  soc«**yeded  in 

^  U>fM(3ii  ''  on  all  ttldes/^  thongb 

«  ili«rt^  will  be  no  d<}ubt  m  to 

li  :  von  mnay  ^-^  ohlifjne  glances/' 

*nir  uuir^rtf  i«  tiiitb  uu  earncfvt  nmii  and 
BO  kimiorii^.  He  Iim  »tn«^j<n«  anil  pro- 
Ibaml  oouviottooA,  Aod  y«t  rnuat  f>^ 
i]tiaiitlf  ha  Jlkaa  to  play  with  Ms  !itibJt<)ota, 
•I  a  Icltiati  do«i  with  a  ball  of  varn. 
Thara  ia  a  tooa  of  vivndty  In  all  he 
•aya,  Ni  not  mh  tnach  m  to  ohicoTe  the 
daafi  and  avrioui  purprno  at  vi-hkh  be 
alas.  11  if  iiowar  of  itInHtmtion  is  nn* 
waally  fertile,  and  thon^b  bo  now  and 
tlua  datc«iidi!  ijitu  vulgansms  and  had 
taptc,  ha  k  alwaya  pemneuL  kmn^  aar- 
Hc.  a^  wide-awake.  The  Yankaa 
m  ^actiarina^*^  noareiily  dt>«eHbai  tbt 
r  of  miidi  af  hia  wit,  wh)oh  bai 


a  genuine^  comic  fk'm  It,  rcniitidin;;*  ns 
at  limes  of  tlie  poHtioal  writings  nf  Swift, 
Indeed,  one  imiy  piok  out  of  tin?  book 
not  a  few  sentences  that  wotild  be  taken^ 
staoding  alone,  for  Rwifl's.  Btit  it  ia  i*nly 
aeparate  aentenccs  that  reenll  that  cmt- 
nent  master,  for  be  has  not  n  contmuotia 

rwer  in  this  line.  He  is  apt  to  fall  trom 
into  mene  ecoentHcity  or  oddneaa. 

The  topioi  treated  by  0r.  Elder  ore 
exoeeduigly  mlsceUaneous — eoongh  m  to 
give  bli  book  tba  appaai^oce  of  a  hodp- 
podga;  hot  there  If  scarcely  one  on  whioh 
Llii  remarks  are  not  suggestive  of  tbongbt. 
Some  of  them  might  have  bmn  omitted 
without  iiynry  to  iho  permanent  valne 
of  the  volume ;  and  we  are  not  aure  that 
the  "  Oharacters  and  Talea  *'  alone  wonld 
not  have  made  a  better  book ;  but,  as  ft 
it,  we  are  sure  that  the  reading  public 
will  welcome  a  seoond  book,  to  be  com- 
posed  of  ethical  and  philosophical  E^^ys, 
wbicli  the  doctor  promis*tsfor  the  fnitire. 

—  An  ambitions  vohimo  1«  tlio  (*f>m- 
phU  EHrt^rhjt^dh  of  Mmir^  by  Jans  W, 
Moou£,  of  BiiUows  FfUl«,  Vermont,  but 
one  that  was  greatly  needed,  and  dt»es 
honor  to  the  indnstry  and  k^arnSng  of  the 
anthor.  It  is  a  dictionary  of  all  the 
leifcdtng  snbjeot^  r<^rms,  at  id  m«?n,  known 
to  niiisic,  compiled  with  great  care  and 
patience^  and  Quivering  a  rast  reach  of 
topics.  The  tedjiucal  worda  of  mtL<iie^ 
the  elementary  rnlet,  the  blAtorical  inci- 
dents, and  the  biographies  of  persons 
illu^irioiis  in  every  department  of  tho 
art,  are  alj^babetiealty  arranged,  and  In* 
L^idly  treated,  and  with  a  fulne*?  and 
precision  of  detail  that  we  si  in  1 1  look  for 
ill  vain  elAewlicrt.  Mr  Mmiro  bm  upeot 
Boventeen  years,  m  ht*  informs  ns^  In  tbo 
preparation  of  \m  work  j  he  has  detined 
over  Ave  tho««and  le<*hnical  tcrma;  writ- 
ten the  bingrapbiea  of  more  than  four 
thousand  ccdL*brat«Ml  iwjrforrners  or  com* 
|x>Aer§ ;  he  lias  gtveii  direetions  for  the 
use  of  all  known  mn^Hical  iimtnimentA; 
and  ho  has  added  to  thana  vast  labors 
aome  two  hundred  short  bnt  important 
eivayH  on  the  sdentifle  p---  --'  .-  of  tlie 
art^ — tm  e*mnterpart,  lli  -i,  mo- 

de la  tinn,  hanuouy^coiiij'  ....  t.  ^vc,  &c. 
Of  omiftai  be  ha»  fallen  inu>  Mime  ammi 
in  tha  axa<»ntioti  of  so  com  ore  h  end  ra  % 
de!«ign  \  but,  on  tlie  whole,  vv  haro 
ft>«nd  •*tj<^h  parta  of  hi«  work  a*  we  liaro 
had  oe<m«ioii  to  non«nU,  reiTmrknHly  fnir- 
PNyt.  In  tho  life  of  Mo/Art  f^^r  in«*tAniw, 
liA  Kay«  thnt  til*  wan  taknn  f^oin  Paris  to 
VipoTttt,  hv  ord^r  of  hi«  ftov«rfign^  iW 
1*t\v  \  '■  ■  ■  "  '^-  '  '  .rg,  which  li 
an  '  til  (br  8alB* 


450 


HdiioritU  Noks—Af/mican  Liiimture. 


[Oct 


hurg.  He  also  says,  that,  while  earn  pos- 
ing bli  lilomeno  at  Maolcb,  he  fell  in 
hive  with  a  young  lady^  who  afterwards 
becAm©  his  wife.  It  was  the  aister  of 
hi.*  fTitare  wife  with  whom  he  Ml  in 
luvo,  and  hy  whom  he  was  jilteth  Those 
and  others,  however,  that  wo  might  point 
out,  are  small  inaocnraoieH,  whtoh  do  not 
mrttenall^v  impair  the  soli*!  valae  of  the 
work.  The  author  has  h^&r.  partly  as- 
sisted in  his  labor  by  John  8,  D wight, 
and  Riclmrd  Storrs  Willis^  who  are  airnmg 
our  most  fiocompli^hed  and  gagaoious 
critiGR^  and  who§e  opinioDi  on  the  sab- 
jeot  of  niu<iic  are  always  well  matured, 
and  worrhy  of  atteiition. 

In  the  sjteeteh  of  Gras^ini,  the  faiixona 
con triilto— indeed,  the  fir^t  female  con- 
tralto who  appeared  on  the  Italian  etnge, 
and  well  known  m  a  favorite  of  the  Em- 
neror  Napoleonj  who  carried  ber  from 
Milan  to  Paris — an  anecdnte  m  uA^  mit 
ioappropnate  at  this  time.  Bhe  had  a 
Diece,  a  little  girl  of  fiologna,  whose  pa- 
rents tried  Ui  make  her  a  singer,  hot 
were  disappointed,  and  solicited  the  aid 
of  lier  aimt.  Her  aunt  aaked  her  to  sing, 
anilj  when  the  timid  child  bad  t^nng, 
said^  '■^  Dear  girl,  yon  will  want  none  of 
ray  assistance.  Tboite  who  called  your 
voice  a  contralto  were  ignorant  of  music. 
Yon  have  one  of  the  iinest  sopranos  in 
the  world,  and  will  far  excel  me  as  a 
singer.  Take  conrage,  my  love;  yonr 
throat  will  bring  yon  a  shower  of  gold." 
The  prophecy  was  fulfilled,  for  the  name 
of  the  yotmg  girl  was  Qiulia  Grisi. 

^  It  is  an  dfected  title  which  Mr.  G^o. 
W,  Bungay  has  given  to  his  book,  ^^Off"- 
hand  Takinfi  and  CrayQn  Sketeh^^^^  btit 
not  more  affected  than  the  oontenta.  It 
ia  a  series  of  remarks  on  the  n<»ticeable 
men  of  the  a^,  bei^inning  with  Baniel 
Webster,  and  ending  with  John  Mitcihd, 
tlie  Interval  being  filled  in  with  some 
fifty  or  sixty  other  individualfs^  more  or 
U&a  prominent,  Inclnded  in  the  list  are 
Abbott  Lawrence.  Dr.  Boartlman,  P.  T. 
Banmm,  E.  P.  Whipple,  Mosea  Grant, 
William  R.  Stacey,  Edward  Beecber, 
Peter  Cartwright^  Alfred  liunn,  B,  P. 
Sbillaber,  James  Gordon  B^janett  Eev. 
Mr.  Wadsworih,  K  L.  Snow,  PhiUp  8, 
White,  and  ottiers  of  eqnal  celebrity.  Oti 
what  principle  the  «eleciion  wasmadSf 
does  not  appear;  bnt  it  must  have  beeti 
ft  moat  comprehengive  one,  to  enable  the 
imreniiuta  anthor  to  make  ^uch  a  long 
iist  iif  ^^  noticeables/^  We  see  no  reason 
why  he  ibonld  not;  extend  it  to  a  do£en 
volnmee.  There  are  Sam  Faieh,  Solon 
B<jrland,  OoL  Qmr^  George  Ohriety, 


y  9m 


and  a  tlionsand  others,  waltiiig  U>  bare 
their  biograpbica  written.  Mr*  Bnngay 
ha^  a  ^^uick  hand  at  the  wt^rk,  mid  mfty 
devoto  ll»e  rest  of  his  life  to  the  task 
he  hfliB  begun.  As  everybody  with  him 
h  "jufltly-celebrated,*'  ^*e3ctrtordinary,*' 
"splendid,"  *^ eloquent^" ''  nrigiity,''  ^*  hap- 
pily constituted/*  &c.,  he  oan  have  no 
difficolty  in  e.\teDfliog  hiis  laboi«  to  iht 
crack  of  doom.  In  the  midst  of  his  al* 
most  universal  iidm3ratii>nfi,  howerer,  he  , 
doeii  ijot  oonfefls  to  any  love  of  mca  who 
are  in  favor  of  slrtvery  ',  and  he  admints-  * 
t^rs  many  a  t»nu<tic  rebnke  to  thrive  who 
fail  to  **  give  in  their  lestiroony  "  against 
the  South.  We  are  afraid  that  in 
of  his  future  volumes,  Mr.  Bun  gay  *i 
vorite  mode  of  oomparisun  may 
abort  *  for,  as  we  have  already  the  ^'^Can* 
ning  of  AtneriiMi^"  the  ''''O'Ckvooell  of 
America,*'  the  "  Brougliam  of  Anieriea," 
&c.,  and  as  the  great  men  on  this  aide  are 
BO  nuTnorou«,  he  may  get  into  perplexity 
in  finding  further  [*arallels.  IM  iis  Hope 
for  the  be^t,  however^  and  pat  confideaoe 
in  genius. 

—  A  htile  work,  entiiled  Th4  T^uth 
of  Jtffermn^  m  full  of  lively  c^Amcyter- 
izations  and  dialogues.  It  purports  to 
be  a  rec^jrd  of  certain  college  setapes  at 
Williamsburg,  in  Virginia,  in  the  year 
1764,  founded  npon  the  earlier  letter*  c^f 
Jeflen*on,  and  is  executed  ^nth  skill  and 
hutnor.  The  author  has  a  keen  sens^  for 
the  grotesque  and  amneiing ;  and,  in 
the  courts  «jf  his  two  hundred  short 
pages,  gives  u^  many  a  kngh»  The  roain 
inddent,  in  which  a  young  lady  person- 
ates the  young  man  to  her  own  lover, 
without  being  detected,  is  whally  im- 
probable, and  the  characters  are  mora 
merry  over  their  talk  than  the  real  wil 
of  it  sometimes  warrants;  but,  on  the 
whole,  the  story  is  well  told — is  jmial, 
io stained,  and  captivating — which  is  all 
that  the  reader  cares  for.  Our  great 
pbiloHopher  and  siatC"*t:ian  ^gure*  Sn  a 
somewhat  new  liglit,  but  rme  which  doe^ 
no  great  violence  to  the  tradltiorna  of  his 
earlier  days* 

— -Mrs*  Oakes  Swrrn,  who  has  achieved 
distinction  a#  a  poet,  prose  writer,  aud 
lecture p*  and  no  le*;*  as  a  woman  of  in* 
dependent  and  fre©  thoaght  on  various 
iuhject'*  of  public  interest.,  lins  tvindenwd 
her  Benti»n4Mi!s  int**  a  little  roniaiiw, 
ealled  Ikrlhti  and  IJfy^  whir'  '^  -  uliir 
will   tind   a   cauilld   and    }''  >i\g 

book.     It  tonchts   the  ipK;-  A*- 

man*&  Kigbtf*  with  a  firm    I  "  '     ^ 

firm,  aomc  will  say,  ihtkn  ddi^ii-  —  lai  1 
on  other  matt«ri  ta  not  ovor  rouoeiit. 


a 


'fVMncifim 


ihtre. 


451 


B«t  It  1j  &»  a  rdixiimcQ  Uiat  wo  bave  to 

drAl  with  it,  id  wblcti  charioUir  wo  have 

;  b^Qo  Ltnptt^ftsod  by  Its  TaentSn     Mrs. 

iilb  liw  jjoetic  S4*iuibitity,  and  a  strung 

iltii|$  i>f  ib«  Ektitroriui:^  of  iiur  sfez,  auu 

|ib«  wHt<^  writb  i^rc&i  eanuiiiQatf ;  but 

rti  -t  she  b  doticiont.    She  wan t^ 

!ie  atnicture  of  liiar  pbts,  axid 

^^»irn|iiM  >iv  i  in*  very  tiling,    Ikv  chankjienj 

I  gcrnemlly  loo  high  strung^  and  would 

better  with   a  UUh   mure  coumicm 

In  tbi»  Ui»e  o\'  bilif  tiagu^  tou^  aijo 

iaflat^d.    Inatuad  of  say  lug  thai  ^'it 

9wed^  or  that  '^'mow  0ov%mi  tho 

mid,    ihe  nam  "Tbij  cftrth  aatiitned 

tlti  iDAnUe  ;*'  and  Uik  b  ctiara^- 

» 0f  many  o f  b er  d a^crif jdo ni .    A I 

no  time,  it  k  pmiH:^  to  atld,  thut 

wHiw  with  suah  evidoat  iinoeiity 

'  •Oltdoti^nit  IbAt  it  b  imfKMsible  not 

fvt  inteKMd  lit  bar  uUmcu.     Witij 

)  oarew  howtvor,  and  writing  for  th& 

of  ait,  not  Tor  the  Mkm  of  !ioiii«3 

I  or  M>dal  ifrii,  abe  would  b«  raiitly 

I  iffMal»1«. 

nf,  wbieb  Mr.  Ja»b«  Majmih  Uitif- 
r  baa  giveo  to  hb  bttle  book,  cb6»  not 
rtf  t«&f«ii«iit  tii«  natuTtf  nf  tint  oon* 
fbaj  might  a»  w«lt  bava  Wn 
I  mitiia  qf  any  other  kind  of  nmdent 
'  mirdler,  for  tbay  are  11  ol  tiio<.»li>gioui, 
IlKWflb  a  d#«p  vein  of  |>i«ly  f  am  tUroogii 
AmL  Tbe  wofk  cau»btM  of  a  aaiiea  of 
JMBilptioiia  and  remark^  sugge^tje^l  by  a 
Mif  aqfcNira  ia  dttfi^nmt  |tartii  nf  Europe 
m4  Aliai  anil  ^   auch   rariouH 

tBffcw  ai  iha  H  ^rlii^,  8i-hillor*« 

fliiilmi  tli«  lif^u  H^iiiuntains,  German 
iiailei  rMWirnw^  tb«  (xruok  Jdcal,  Bvtb- 
Wma,  ibe  Scady  of  thta  Bible,  ^ti, 
Thpit  Maayi  are  plaasingi/  and  gface- 
wrklen,  and  cshiblt  du  litclo  orLgi- 
lily  of  tiionght. 

— PBOPtaaoit  KuKi'mpr,  of  Frank! in  and 
'arahaJI  GoU^,  in  Pennfiytvanltt,  bai»  at 
oatijolottfd  bb  work  on  Tfm  WitrU 
'  lA#  Middk  Agm — a  work  of  vaAC  re- 
ad bigli  utility,     it  b  a  bbu^rt- 
a|»fay   of   Enroptf,   duriag  Uio 

Ji^  with  a<wouiit«„  sXm.  *^t  ihe 
da^atopmant,  iht^  lu-  '  . 

[  Ubaratora^  the  manner*  ai  3  > 
'h©  aavaral  naiioiii  of  Europe^  ^\  e^ccrn 
I  ^  niul  North  Afrtea,  lh>m  tb^  okas 
Uj«  fiponli  to  tba  middlo  of  fbo  fotir* 
Bih  QinteHai.  No  otl^c^r  work  that 
r  fimambar  oofara  pi^ociMily  tli«  mamo 
Tb«fa  ba^a  Wo  aartral  gao» 

atdiicdi  itf  thu  AnrHi^ni    wnrld.  ^ufJi  an 

*ke., 
ulat*0ii 
iti  UidTutaay  ajid  Fr«i]ou»  but  no  gi*neral 


and  compreboti^tre  geogri^i?ir  of  tbd 
meiltasval  titntv;  Uke  tbi»  of  ProfiMsor 
Kotpi^n,  wtiieli  givaa  na  not  onl^  aecn- 
ralo  mapfi  of  tiie  naliona  at  aix  diff^roat 
peilodB  of  Ibetr  acSatottoa,  but  oarttfoUy 
pr«^af^  «»!  InuliMMii  letiarpraM  Uloi* 
trationB  of  their  hbtory.  The  r4ir<?»  re- 
B<?arcli,  and  fidelity  with  which  thr  wbiilc 
bM  but^u  LtxtH.-uted  U  r^nmrkiibla. 

Tlii!  utility  of  ^ijch  a  work  cn^n'  stil* 
dt»(jt  of  bidtory,  literaturaj  juri*^prnJcnee» 
an  el  ovL^n  fallen  ec^  mu'tt  upprt^c^iate-  It 
was  in  Europe,  dnriuM  thti  niiddbi  agt^ 
tbiit  the  fiHjadationa  of  cmr  modern  civil- 
isation w«?re  laid^  and  It  b  impoasiblc  to 
43oniprL'beod  tbcmMigbly  tb«  tn^titution^ 
and  ntarmurs  of  tbi^-  pri5»ij?uCf  witliont  an 
intimaic'  acuumint^uice  with  that  part  of 
tJie  past*  How  imptwdlilo  b  it  to  nmd 
GibbiMj,  iiiilliiio^  Gtiirot,  or  the  early 
cbroniders,  intvUi^'oully,  witlioiita  gocjd 
map,  and  a  ^arefnl  digeat  of  contempora- 
iioooa  evi^nt*,  Now  Uiis  wtjrk  of  Pro- 
lewor  Koaj>p4^n  snppliiM  tiotli  waiili;  it 
praaafitR  tlie  ina]j  and  alio  the  digest; 
and  auy  ^tndcnt,  with  thb  work  in  bis 
Iiaod,  wilJ  be  ablts  to  com  j>ro  bend  tha 
moviftni^nUi  of  the  period  with  hatf  tbi» 
kbor  that  wa«  ftirmarlv  requirad. 

The  parts  of  tbe  book  r^lntinf  to  East- 
er n  Earo[}ti  and  Asia,  art  drawn  tmm  ibo 
Profe^jr'rt  (i^r^onal  ohaarvation  and  tra- 
veb,  and  an^  partis' ularly  rajuable.  Bui 
another  advantage  of  bi^  vol  nine  \%  that 
it  gir«a  due  proJnili«nce  tti  tb«  J^ScandJna* 
vian  and  St!  ill  von  ie  rne^^,  which  hare  been 
hiiberti^  ovc'rlrjokt4,  while  be  hm  an* 
livened  tb^  ilry  Jt^taib  of  g£»ograpbj  and 
bi«U>ry  hr  hk^tchea  of  paraonp^  inatltn* 
tiouti,  relitfion,  languafa,  Ularmttlfii  &0* 
Kvery  »ttut«rnt'tLt  m  venfl«d  by  ampla 
nuthiffjry,  und  a  rno^^t  ^i^pUiuji  ind&x  puts 
0V4^ry  part  ol'  ttiu  vulumij  at  onoo  into  the 
rtadtr  i  poaiegci<ip. 

TtKi^Burra.— Tli«  fint  onilbrm  adttloQ 
of  til e  Hntiftb  iioeta,  editerl  with  ao  mitdh 
care  ood  ability  by  Ptofanior  Cluld^ 
€<'  Catnbridgi%  and  for  nopea  of  which 
we  an^  iiidebtiMl  to  Gvaai  iaA  CHakianoti« 
of  thin  city,  omnpHiKMi  riUiKHif  lla  laiaal 
iaaoaa  the  |PO«m«  «jf  ^'-  T'  l>.  Wyatt^ 
Use  poeina  of  the  Ivarl  ofiu  the 

pMM  of  Ibemm  Uampuuji.  Tha  two 
hmm  an  iiaocig  tha  nr^iit  of  tbe  ul4 
Englbh  "^3*  r^  and  thcnuh  0000  tlii 
jno«t  Ik  \yo9\m  of  lh«  daf«  hav« 

■inoa  i*4.„M  ,..^  obacnritj.  B<it  tliay 
po«Mia  a  kind  of  pgrannial  inttr«*l  in 
thaif  relatioiM  to  Uv«  aoa  In  whieh  thay 
were  priHlucmh  if  lot  In  tbcir  bOrlnaie 
ineHi».  It  would  wmm  that  tha  |iQaiSa 
faaiaaof  Uue  «ar\i«r  ^ix^ol^^iaMMB^  : 


432 


Miiiorml  Notes — Amerimn  LiHmtmr€. 


[Oct 


oentnrj^  was  iJiuost  exdasively  in  the 
amatorj  vein,  for  ninety- nirje  out  of  & 
htindred  uf  the  ^ongH,  sonnets,  odes, 
roadeaus,  line*,  (Sec.,  of  both  Wyatt  and 
Surrey  are  exprefisive  d[  some  phase  of 
the  lender  pass^ion— either  despair,  corn- 
plat  fit,  bope^  or  trinmpb.  The  titles  of 
them  rnn  in  tliia  wiser — "The  lover  for 
itbainefafitnesa  bidetii  lua  deiire  in  his 
faliliful  heart ;"  "  The  lover  descnbeth 
ilia  being  atrickeo  at  the  sight  of  his 
love ;''  **  The  wavering  lover  willotb  and 
dreadeth  to  luove  hia  desire ;''  *'  The 
lover  compareth  his  state  to  a  ship  in 
perilous  storm,  tossed  on  the  sea;^*  "The 
deserted  lover  conuoleth  himself  with 
l^membrance  that  all  women  are  bj 
re  fickle;**  "The  lover  praieetb  the 
at  J  of  hts  ludj^a  hand ;"  "The  lover 
prayeth  Venu.^  vy  conduct  him  to  the 
desired  haven/*  Nor  are  the  poems  less 
quaint  or  chivalric  thau  their  titles, 
while  many  of  thern  possess  a  striking 
natural  grace  and  beauty.  A  historical 
interest  is  moreover  attached  to  t boa©  of 
Surrey,  in  that  he  is  accredited  to  have 
greatly  improved  Eoglish  versification, 
and  to  have  been  the  first  to  introduce 
blank  verse  into  the  English  lanf^uage. 
His  changes  in  the  old  versification  was 
the  regulatioQ  of  the  vdm  of  eyUables 
by  accent  acd  not  by  quantity,  and  the 
limitation  of  heroic  verse  to  ten  syllables, 
divided  into  ^\^  e^jaal  Iambic  feet,  with 
^-thf  farther  refinement  of  breaking  the 
P  into  pantos.  This  example  has  sinoe 
been  followed  by  all  standard  writers, 
whieh  i(*  the  best  proof  tif  its  CLJrrectness* 
Of  Oampbeirs  poems  we  need  not  speak, 
as  they  are  well  known  to  all  readers  of 
poetry.  We  may  observe,  however,  that 
the  edition  before  us  is  enriohed  by  a 
memoir  of  the  author,  written  by  the 
Rev*  W,  A.  Hill,  who  married  the 
favorite  niece  of  the  poet,  and  was  con* 
1  ^eqnently  familiar  with  his  domestic  life 
[  and  character.  It  opens  with  a  bio- 
graphical! sketcb  from  Oampbeirs  own 
pen,  which  adds,  however,  very  Uttle  to 
the  knowledge  of  him  we  have  gained 
from  other  sources. 

^— Mr*  Redfield  has  rendered  the  read* 
iug  public  au  e^ential  service  by  the 
publication  of  the  i^octst  Ambrotiajboi 
articles  complete  from  Blackwood':^  Ma- 
gazine; for  the  present  generation  of 
writers  are  gradually  falling  into  such  a 
delicate  style  of  reined  voloptuousnese, 
that  the  good,  strong  and  healthy  coarse- 
ness of  ihmc  famous  papers  will  have  an 
Invii^orating  infiuence  upon  the  irufialred 
di^^^Lk>n  of  our  reading  people.  Such 
writing  as  abaunda  in  th^  N^octm  would 


not  be  tolerated  now*  An  author  who 
ahould  maJ^e  use  of  such  a  language  to- 
wards his  containporariea  now-a^days, 
would  be  hooted  frcmi  sticiety.  It  is  no 
longer  the  coitom,  except  in  C^  u  =  -.  ^  • : 
gentlemen  to  cjdl  each  other  lia  i 
fools,  idiots,  imbeciles,  donkevr,  ri'-r-.  in  * 
pocritef,  and  so  on;  yet  such  are  the 
epithets  which  the  Noct49  men,  Wibon, 
Ijockhart^  Ma^nn^  &c.,  were  !n  tlie  Imlrit 
of  burlirjg  at  the  heads  of  the  most  illna- 
trious  of  their  contemporaries  with  whom 
they  had  any  political  differences.  Sut  ihe 
epitiieta  lose  one-half  their  force  when  we 
see  what  kind  of  language  they  uaetl  to- 
wards each  other  in  their  playful  mood*, 
and  how  ronghly  they  dandled  llteir  favo- 
rites, Theoniy  per&on  who  is  treated  with 
deference  and  respect  in  the^Wfw^wos  the 
most  worthless  rascal  of  the  day,  and  the 
meanest  monarch  that  has  sat  npon  the 
English  throne.  Him  they  delighted  to 
call  "the  first  gentleman  of  Enrope,*"^' 
and,  in  their  drunken  riots  uevf^^  .i«^fi.u^fll 
him  with  a  loi>se  joke.  But  t 
men  were  loHefs,  and  tories  are  ; ,  ts 

toadies.     Tlje  young  readers,  to  whomi 
the  Nt^tc9  are  a  tradition,  wo  imagine 
will  open  their  eyes  with  astonishment 
at  the  reeking  blackgoardism,  the 
pei-sonalities,   the   cursing,   irreverenoo^l 
uasdncss  and  coarseness  which  pervadesj 
these  famous  pages.    But^  among  lUaml 
coalmen  esses  will  be  found  great  wit)  bril« 
liant  thoughts,  sagacious  cnticiama,  pro-1 
found  learning,  and  an  immense  literary f 
power    which    riots     m    extra  vagiuio 
from    mere    excess    of    animal    spiriUul 
Whatever  we  may  think  of  the^ntiiiieDt] 
of  the   No^t^s^  every  one   mnst,  or 
least  should,  admire  the   boldneas,  th 
courage,  the  power  and  the  humor  witlil 
which  the  seutimeutB  are  attered.     Th 
criticism    on    men    aud   Ijtar&tnne    of 
the    present  time  is  a  mere  imbecile 
whine  compared  vrith  Uie  styb  of  eat- 
pression  Indulged  in  by  Kit  North  andj 
his  compeers.  He  w-as  himself  the  JoUieslj 
and  most  genial  of  the  set^  Maginn 
the  wittiest,  most  learned  and  mott  reok<^ 
less,  and  Ix>ckhart  the  most  savage  aad_ 
revengeful.     Professor  Wilson  tola  N.  1\1 
Willis   that  Lockhart    wrote    the    firslj 
number,  and  that  he,  Wil-on^  wrt»ie  th#l 
remainder.     The   rollicking  Irish  &ong%J 
which  reek  of  whisky  and  tobar^  ^ 
mostly  the  production  of  Maginn 
hardly  iH^licve  tliat  the  sedate  t^*. 
edit*.)r  of  die  Quarterly  could  havi?  wnt  tun  j 
the  trenchant    coarsen e»sjf  of    the    tlr^tj 
A^i^'^rf,  but  lis  savage  ^verity  U  Hk 
him. 
The  volumes  are  encumbered  \ff  m 


IM4.J 


EiUwiat  Noitt — Snplitk  Literaturt, 


US 


I 


I 


I  mmny  nnmiM  for  pUtitud^  bj  the 
^<Ql0r,  f»  die  tiliApt  of  urjie^  whtoh  will 
b«  rmM  ^  Vng  t4i  the  reader     On« 

^0«*  t  have  lu«  ottetiUoti  arrejit- 

«d|  ftinu  u  I  '  -    ■    '  ■  n  a  fuoUttoiai  to 

bi  |ii&irm«  i>i  a  \i\m  npan 

tb^  Wft*'^*  ,"   Iwrnujie  nit 

ntticr  j    Ui   have  fiif- 

UrttfiE  tniwe  thai  inch 

'  -!*  there  tiiws  not  hfip|>eti 

1  i[i  the  tmsM-v     Neither  is  it 

J I  "yiry  ki  n  [>ro|wr  Willi  [n*eheii- 

••  le  «i|>Jnt  And  meamng  of  the 

kill,  to  U  infonticd  what  Dr*  Mnckeiide 
thJucm  of  ihiti  mfiTi  r>r  thai;  an  idhii^iim 
lo   L     '    "'  '^v   of  Siird(i/ia^ 

Sitiwi,  from  I)r*  M*ic- 

lEcnsir^  imnrTiinig  n^  iJicLr  he  regards  the 
tolpici  4»f  \hu  trng^dy  u'^  worth  all  tho 
dlnBMIttc  llleratJire  of  mid  em  times — an 
mb^oo  which  may  be  Hound  i>r  lUft,  m 
thm  rm^et  chooses^  liiii  which  km  no 
bttfkii  wh&tiver  on  the  tenu  Wli«&- 
#Tir  •  nfttna  oootini,  Bynin'»  for  Instuuie^ 
ihm  ohUf^fiir  editor  Informs  u»  who  that 
ftcncici  Wtt,  what  he  t)urtktiof  hie  Worbt, 
wliirv  h«  was  born«  and  where  he  died, 
^De,  If  thf  >Wf-f#  !mi3  been  edited  by 
Dr.  Ii»cketixi4»  for  pfijiular  reading  in 
TlmbactCKi^  hJt  TiOTCfl^  or  at  least  «<jme  of 
iJuat.  mi||ht  hare  tH>en  necesanrj  to 
ffa#l*>^>  the  toer^  but  there  are  few 
reftiJert  wlm  will  be  Uie  wi^r 
'"■lijr  Ijffht  he  hat  Uiruwn  urKirv  hi» 
Oowevcirv  thtre  may  \m  some 

\  who  require  iuch  cnJij^tit^^nmcnt 

a*  iIm  «dJt0(r  affords  thi^tn  ;  but  the  tiia- 
toiljr,  w«  imafiii^,  after  rtrndiHi;  the  t>r^t 
fl?t  omli  natei^  will  r^ot  he  at  Uie  ironbJe 
<if  fvadiiigAQy  more* 
_ — The  Appletoiia  have  reprinted 
rime  A*htm^^  a  lieaiitSful  domestic 
,],  bjr  the  areomplished  aiithorcf^  of 


U^lfext  h>  Alexander  Smith, 
lli«  moci  mooeA^f^l  young  [>«et  of  ¥.n- 
idftfiil  b  ttnqtteitionably  UicttAt»  MAaaat. 

#ift«p  lyT%*iil  poem*^  have  not  htirat 
■Ml  thfi  w«irld  with  thfj  spkndor  of 
MHi'ii  L\fe  I}r^m(^  but  it  htm  created 
fcmwi  ttocAtlou,  whidi^  la  tibtm  di^  of 
rhjriii«»t«riu  U  a  ^eetM.  Mum'J,  It 
ttmm^  U  t\m  tmn  ot  a  po«ir  cinftl  boat* 
tQta^  and  Dntt  wiirk«d  in  a  factory «  and 
tliiTQ  h^<^me  nil  errz  tid^h«w.  While 
artinir  In  the  latter  ca[mdty  he  fe»rmod 
t  f?<iTincetiim  with  a  |ioor  maa** 
%  and  wrute  nrtJcle?  of  ineHt* 
m  itj^l  hilt  |»laoe  aa  errand -hoy  fn 
of  tetttng  np  and  burtdng 


eandbaf  to  write  eel  i  tori  til  rti>y.  lie  kdk 
the  atory  of  h\#  litV  in  a  iriode^t  and 
touching  preface  to  tho  poemu.  That  ho 
U  a  rt^al  poet,  no  one  can  doubt  who 
reatls  his  ver^ee,  though  they  are  often 
marretl  by  the  faultji  of  imniaiiinl),  and 
the  imitation  nf  bad  incideL^.  He  is  apt 
t4j  fall  into  til  at  iartation  and  e:cira* 
vttgaiice  which  t^io  many  of  Lhi» 
young  Enghah  writers  have  mistaken 
ibr  force.  II  i»  enlyect?,  however,  are  of 
a  quiet  dointaetio  nfttnre,  and  almost  in* 
yariablj  pleaae.  An  American  edition 
of  Ma»ey^  poem»  will  shortly  he  istiued 
hy  J,  0.  Derby,  containing  eeTpral  origi- 
nal jtoema  which  liare  not  bo«n  pnh- 
li^het]  in  London.  At  a  specimen  or  hit 
bcjit  matin er,  we  extract  the  foHowitig 
Btanzaa,  which  are  the  introduction  to  the 
j>dDci|>al  poem  of  the  volume : 

Whin  Dui«#  Eartli  hvm  wM.  htr  chinni, 
And  fftrei  lti«  Qed  ber  p«rfrct  ae^wrr, 
Wha,  Jd  tliff  itmehlDC*!  ptldeli  ihow^ri 

tetp9  wva  Into  hit  tmonfOM  wm»j 

Wh«a  bodi  ftf«  hwtmoig  ««  lfe«  Mar, 


And  mamliii  fkMt  Mftt  lHiif*d  Willi  If*: 

Whfiri  rQimi  MtJdi  fNI  L(ir«  »t|r  i'  th«  bl«9d, 
And  vaftMifi  v^Uii  Uio  kliilun  leAf  ^ 
And  brmDchca,  »nit  Uie  qalck  i«f  h«if«i, 

And  d«.cicfla  Iq  «  rlpefi'ij  flood  ^ 

TUI,  biffTci  tci  III  hlddta  iMart  wHb  •l«ln« 

I^»r«*4  red  fAw  bnvtl*  r  Uic  dieck  ao  dfi«r« 
And,  na  MMjctreli  upwifif  p«er, 

L(*T«-lhoi].f bU  meU  tluamii  Ifanlr  ivleisittif  €fm  t 

Wbcn  Bcauiy  frftLks  \q  t^ravvil  dreii| 

and,  AM  with  Afii^ra  tncDov  ilMWfn, 

Tii«  c«rlli  liUjiUt  «ul  «lth  iw««l  Mij^Hovf  it, 

Tb«t  flu«li  for  ^ery  hBt>P<ln«i< : 

Afid  an^dCT-Fiidr  Meb  vftD4«r  WMt^ 

Af  *  rtdi  vua  ttokli  tkai  Ueetb 
la  Uit  eo«i  dart  «r  4t*f  l«av«t  t 

WlwD  loii  ttttf*  drlafc  At  Anty  «Id# 

Of  t>««ii|  vlik  «rliB«u  ilAliu  r  ih*  tomMk, 
AD  taincfljr  ■•  fumtnf  tma^ 

Wnm  h0ww*$  hmaA  drtolu  ia«  arturbt  dlvteti 

Aad  boil#|'*4  f»l«t»  ftr«  (Ir9iri«d  firttli  Wtm ; 
Wau»  ^Aftaf t  iteftag  batti  lu  bMtf^ 

ae»«  i&c  aipnti  fiM  f  tb*  rt«« ) 


And  lillte  pMotvil  Lllto^  nH  Pi^ 
§vmm  mn  aUat  rtui«.  4ii4  lf«f«  M 


1854] 


^itcriai  ybtci^M^liih  Lifeniturc. 


455 


ft  infc itwiimiii.    Of  Ihton 

■  ca0iB>   bMv   ud   ia»R 

V  fim  rw,,  sst   i^   InttB 

^  ^^  IjIjj    *I  bAatj^n         Tint 


imA  to  liidrA,,  tad  dcATtaf  Ihbn  lb«  lif*  connU^ 
«ap  and  nlkf  be  •m^glii'-^  die  tbe  deAth  of  « 
talUfirf—h^  TlBdfealcdi  u  I  ooncefVe,  bj  toj  tnp- 
ptmiA  B«ccadl7,  >l  iti«i  tlm^,  ot  m.  Kirere  example/ 
Bid  ArvflMf  iBdeed,  or  uay  AmCJ-icbU  Ukiiif  put 
wHIi  Arnold,  been  ib  (itiatleai^  thai  UNttlTe  islf^i, 
s*  dootil,  hftT¥  Imtlf  euTied  eooiidenMe  vvlg^L 
Bftt  vhmt  Md  cooM  WuhlBcteo  bope  to  etfect  V 
fTtn  Okr  tibnoM  ext  »fflltT  of  fiffor  iiiiilBil  Aodri  f 
LH  &a«tber  moft  fillsnt  uhI  ttnapptiibed  soldier 

,  1b  bto  Hflflwin,  'could  not  be  LnMntlble 

,  tboogh  ever  » lerHble  mad  iea^ 

m  BrfHifa   officer  trom 

&  ilBp^  lAomrer  tbe  tenrice  «f 

r  AoflJd  require  Ma  Axpoetng'  falMieir  to 

r  In  nKb  i  war.* 

I  UK,  no  doobl,  to  pondrr  rererently, 
4117  f  en^re  on  i,  stui  ■« 
I  W  Whtlitnirioii.  Vet  nooe  of  lUi  wumett 
I  fiftB  ftiKrtt  ttaoQf  h  tbr^  atefsefiinei  Im- 
p^,  ihil  bto  ebarmeter  wu  vboUy  fiiUileiB;  and 
hmt^  «■  It  tgiffw  I0  me,  we  u«  opw  Ita  biattr  podnt. 
B«  bi<  u  fati  tHcfids  «mr«  im*  b]r  mtart  ^b-fiop 
tbcH  ie  bad  citftp«4  and 
f  Brftod  bf  a  reaalute  eiertion  of  bit  vUJ,  bot  b* 
dS4  >M  atmgri  ptevrnt  th^m  fmm  burdifnlnf 
Of  Ihlawc  majr  obKfre  aome  Indi- 
bi«  prfT&tv  correc- 
ast  i^  lDetao«e,  to  tbe  ea«e  ^r  tbe 
fldieldea  *i  Boston.  Bat  nth  Lndicaiiom  are  eeil* 
vordaiaod  addreated  oatjr  ta  ble  fiunlHsr 
B«vt,  00  tbe  eoomry.  Oie  ffcuU  afpeart 
te  aa<wiiu  a»ri  It  ^tv  rtM  M>  vbat,  onlrts  I  grta.tlj 
daeein  lajwlf,  lb«  lateltlfBntduiKv  of  kL«  coiiturj- 
■n  vUl.  ere  loiif ,  join  ottrv  m  cojiaetuD^f— ibe 
Iplli  TamnT  of  Abdrffi^  certabit^f  bj"  fkr  tbe 
eanly  blot  In  hilt  mdvt  txcxble 


Jfct^e  DO  spAce^  noFf  if  we  hail 
f  la^ve  we  the  djspo««itioiif  to  dj^ii9!» 
qiit»ti<tii  wbich  is  here  rrtii«d|  pre- 
to  leave  it  to  tLe  bittgraphers  of 
Uingf^n,  and  to  tbe  bJ^^ioHans  of  the 
utr^r,  especiAllj  to  Baueroft,  who  mu&t 
in  th&  regnUr  ooiir^  «if  tjts  labors, 
ippniAfih  tlitH  pointy  lo  defend  th«  coo- 
doct  of  the  Americ&ii  generaL  But  we 
viH  Mmark,  that  the  grunnds  on  which 
Mill  on  criliciies  tbe  Co  an  of  laqiiirj 
▼^  imed  Andr^  seem  t«  us  6II- 

tir«r^  ..rial  and  iiupertia^^ut.    It  id 

frii»  Uiftt  tiitfveral  of  the  officetia  that  coiw- 
tilaC^d  lb«  board  were  taken  from  the 
l^tMigh  or  the  shop  J  thai  they  were  not 
^t^n  of  **  liberal  education^''  that  they 
"  mjTer  read  Vattel  or  Puffendtirf,  and 
til* J  were  gaided  in  their  dedsion 
I  fh^r  naked-  ^D§e  mI  jni^tic^  and  right* 
we  do  not  see  tbat  they  were  any 
t  leB»  i|aal)ded  oa  that  aocouat  to  d&^ 
the  mm  aooordiitg  10  the  eri- 
U  WM  iimply  a  4)Ueatiott  whether 
was  a  £>py,  and  that  ottce  deter- 
[iefi«  Lhi?  application  of  the  laws  of 
'  w^aa  inevitable,  Be^idi^  all  tbe  meiii- 
t  of  that  court  were  not  taken  from 


the  shop  f>r  the  plongb^  tor  foine  of  tbem 
were  men  well  refid  in  the  milttarj  art. 
Greene*  wlio  predded,  Ibongb  a  ^If-edn- 
cated  tii&n^  wm  tiK-roirghly  inslrnctefl  in 
his  basinets*  Lafayette  was  young,  but 
may  be  presfumed  ti>  have  knowTS  some- 
thing of  tbe  law&  of  nationfi.  Steutien, 
tbou^lk  he  9poke  00  Engli^bf  had  iroe*d 
interpreteri^  by  hh  ^ide;  Ixird  Sterling 
wi^  a  veteran;  and,  to  say  nnthinjif  of 
CUntoit,  Knox,  and  Paterson,  HimifTon, 
whom  Washington  csonsnltecl  on  all  im- 
portant polnra^  and  may  be  presamed 
to  have  heen  consnlt^d  on  this,  was 
aa  sagacious  and  profbnnd  a  coutisel* 
lor  m  he  oonld  have  chosen.  There  1?% 
moreover,  no  reason  ft>r  supposing  that 
Wft!*h!ngton  did  not  refer  the  matter 
to  Rochambean,  who  was  not  distant^ 
and  wbi»ee  opinion  he  would  naturally 
be  B^^llcitOBB  to  obtain.  But  whether  he 
did  or  not,  he  was  clear  in  his  own  mind 
that  tbe  deciaion  of  the  tribunal  was 
right.  It  had  framed  ita  sentence  ac- 
cording to  the  facta  that  Andr^  was  taken 
in  citizen's  drese,  bearing  u|M>n  )th  person 
docamentary  evidence  of  a  conspimcy, 
which,  if  it  had  been  carried  into  effect, 
woulri  have  prostrated  tbe  cause  of  Ameri- 
can liberty  for  years.  He  came  before 
Itifrn  &^  an  ordinary  spy,  and  as  iueh  b«> 
was  condemned.  The  pass  of  tbe  Atner- 
ican  general,  bearing  the  name  of  one 
Anderson,  could  banSy  be  eonstraed  into 
ft  protection  for  a  British  general  otfii'^r 
wlioee  name  was  Andre.  Wusbington, 
with  all  his  paaatons,  was  most  reuiark- 
abte  for  hia  moderation  and  jnstieet  bud 
this  ^vent  will  not  lami^b  hls^mc  in 
that  respect  with  impartial  pR^terity, 
We  may  latneut  the  sad  fate  of  the 
youthful  and  accomplij^hed  major,  btit 
w^  canni>t  deny  that  it  was  one  he 
bruught  u|K)U  himself  by  enga^ng  in  a 
nefariooji  plot 

Tho  most  iDterestiDg  chapter  in  Lord 
Mahouts  volume  relates  to  tbe  life  anil 
matiners  of  the  dghteenth  century,  wliere 
the  writer  is  at  home^  and  paints  a  pic* 
ture  not  at  aU  dattenng  to  the  virtue^)  ut 
his  aneeetorg.  The  highway  rohberiei^ 
the  gambling,  the  digsipatioti,  and  liie 
indecency  of  the  period,  are  illustrateti 
by  extracts  from  con  tern  pornry  chro- 
nicles, which  force  ns  to  corgramlai*^ 
ourselves,  as  we  read  tliem,  that  we  have 
reached  a  better  era,  and  serve  to  onii- 
vinca  na  that  tbe  re  ii  an  unmistakable 
progress  in  human  affairs. 

—  The  Landaii  Aih^maum^  which  pre- 
tends to  eunsiderable  anthority  in  mat- 
ters of  art,  says  that  '^  Letitze^s  statue  of 


4M 


Editorial  Kote* — English  Literaturt. 


[OoU 


It  Ml  vpea  a  nmrf  Mm^  mcm^ 

r  tlua  perftel  pdme  of  that  sw«(.  Umei 
Wfaeii  fl^litM  trhftcti,  woodiilD«|  dimb— 

The  dMT  bftbe  ChrUiAbd  vu  l»m« 

—  Lom>  Mahoit  has  cf^mpleted  the 
HUi&rf  &f  Bnghind^  on  which  ho  has 
been  iiixmpid  fur  the  \mt  tweiiry  )t'ur&. 
It  Ciiini>ri>es  the  peri^^d  from  t1i«  pf/uMS 
of  Utrecht,  Iq  1713,  U>  the  treaty  of 
Tersflilles,  in  1Y83,  just  feventy  yeiftrs. 
The  final  or  seventh  vol  a  me,  einhroc€3 
1780— 17SS.  Thja  poriod  h  not  the  most 
rertmrkahle  rn  the  anoals  of  Engkod.  hut 
ns  It  indudea  the  American  war,  it  b 
e.*ipeciany  intorestms^  to  us  on  thia  side 
of  the  Athiritie.  We  need  oot  say  that 
it  IjAi  been  treated  with  oaDdor,  ioduBtty 
and  research.  Ltvrd  Malion  is  not  a  bril- 
liant rhetorician,  like  Maeaulay,  nor  a 
profound  peneralizer*  like  Guizot,  nor  an 
eloqnept  ancl  declamatory  narrator,  Hke 
Biiticrtjfc.  Ofl  givoH  m  no  auclt  original 
views  as  ive  find  in  Thierry,  nor  does  he 
ptint  snch  striking  and  impressive  pic- 
Xmm  m  Michelet  \  but  he  Is  faith fal^ 
hoDest,  amiable,  and  eager  t^  acquire 
and  state  the  truth.  He  is  singularly 
frde  from  historicRl  biases,  atid  though, 
like  every  other  writer,  he  has  potho  pre- 
conceived theories,  he  can  F^c^rcely  be 
accimed  of  any  wilful  partiality.  In  his 
judgraentsj  indeed,  he  is  often  U^o  lenient, 
failing  to  deal  that  rigorous  justice 
always  which  the  offences  iif  great  per* 
sonagea  demand,  and  allow mg  the  guilty 
to  ei*cape  the  isentencea  of  tbo  Keme^ia 
which  ought  to  preside  over  ]m story. 
He  18  a  professed  conservali^'e,  hut  a^ 
the  same  time,  hia  tone  is  liberal  and 
independent. 

The  last  volume  inclodee  in  its  subjects 
the  Gordon  riots'  In  England,  the  Pro- 
testant agitation^  the  conquest  of  India, 
and  the  latter  part  of  the  war  for  inde- 
pendence in  the  United  States;  and 
among  the  characters  described  t>r  allu- 
ded t<),  are  those  of  WashingroH,  G rat- 
tan, Richard  Brinsley  Sheridan,  William 
"Wiltterforoe,  Thomas  Grenville,  Lord 
Rockingham,  and  others  of  eqiial  note. 
He  is  severe  u^>oti  Ruckingham,  com- 
pared witli  the  tine  eulogy  of  itaoaulay, 
in  ooe  of  Ilia  esfcayss  and  he  even  ques- 
tions the  perfect  justice  of  Washington, 
in  the  exectitian  of  Andr^,  As  this  laat 
criticii^im  is  like  to  eicite  some  attentlou, 
wo  eitiract  it^  as  a  moderate  Engliaii- 
man^s  view  of  the  only  assailable  point 
m  the  career  of  onr  great  man. 
Af^r  detailing  al)  the  iocideoti^  of 
Andre's  offence  and  capture,  and  de- 
scribing the  efforts  made  to  fnllueiice 


Washington's  mind  in  his  favor,  he 
enters  upon  the  following  critical  dis- 
cussion of  the  ease  i-* 

''  Pint.  Ihen,  hut  Wulalttft^n  Mkj  fOAd  j 
far  rcljrlDffOd}  ^eji^dgmept  .tif  the  Omift'jf  Inq^rf  f 
Of  vhom  dfd  Uiftt  Caqirt  consfsU    M  we  h««v  a 
Ridjf  »eflti,  of  tvtlTfi  Americui,  Jind  of  tvo  I 
pewi  Otld'OAren.    Nofr^  U  oiuBt  be  bome  in  mil 
OtAl  the  Aaieflckti  Octrvrnlti,  «t  thftC  tit3ci«,  ««ne«  f 
tbr  mott  p^rt,  irhaUj  destltiiTc  at  tbf!  Adrtiic«f«  « 
a   liberal   edacatlDn.    They  wtrri*  mtn  ^rttrn  i 
Ihe  ploQgb-huiiIIe,  or  frma  Ihr  rhnp  h«>rd,  tit  I 
country*!  caU*    GrMiie  Tilmw^lf,  the  FrutiVlfCiit  of  tl 
tribun«U  hftd  bHO  «  JDlufcsinltb  bj  tr«<t*^ 
htmihCe  itiPooAtionB  ulT&rd   no  rra»an  Mh$  Nieh  { 
m\%\\i  not  mlvH^r*  tCa  their  dutjr  At  t>eeHiitr  th^stH  I 
tlie  Add  \  why  th^y  shrjuld  wu\  HuartliTUti  Acqtilr* 
jmd  d^»pluy  aiiilUarT  tklll  %  wh/,  nl  Uie  prrrcnl  dny, 
ihelr  rnubvi  ilifiqld  not  be  held  in  hl£lit  ho^i^r  b^j 
t^elr  ctmntfTraeii.    But  U^  do  ilTnrd  «  re**«ai» 
K»  It   icvEni  to  rat,  A  ftroni;  mtm^  whj  •msh  mm 
bAVliiK  nn  ]%bt  wf   fttudy  lo  fUtde  ttivm,  hATln^ 
tiever  prcitaMbly  to   much  ai  Iitsard  the   UfUiirs   ^M 
Vattel  or  ^(Tvndort  cot^ld  he  no  St  innlfvt  on  un|i| 
wife  or  douljlful  jiolnt  *r  OAtlofiiil  law.     And 
whom  h«.d    Oiey   hten    aslvied  f      By   LKfuytriie^l 
who,  thQiigh  tot  lome  yearn  j|  traai-^tJAfirle  G«n<^4 
ratp  wit»  ftEU  otily  a  youth  uT  itwi«jity>^lhrTe„  JMid  who, 
#1   be   ieli»  u«,  UaU  le»riit  Htt]«  nr  tintttUi|C  Kt  ' 
uotkjfe^     Sy   ^U^uben,  who   hnd  UJiduubltdlifr  i^f^ 
knowlcd^f^  ttUd  extierietide,  bat  wbn,  ii)vtukm|E   rt« 
KiigEUtib,  while  bis  uuUeAguej  i|»oJfe  no  Fti'iich, 
uijiibl^  10  ilftintsi  any  cuntreTerted  qtiMtioti  witi 
tbem. 

*^'  Ii  Moin,  then,  thmtlhe  verdict  uf  tuch  il  IrOju- 
nhl  ought  10  have  no  weight  iii  tnch  m  cnae;   and 
that  WuhlngtOD,   tir  fr&m   relying  upon   tt^  vii« 
boufld  either  to  refer  the  fiuCBlHon  trh  5,111  h  ni«n  a» 
KnjiHiUMa  and  AMhambeau,  adUolnInf^  nith  Ihem  , 
perhaps  StifialKD  \  or  to  f»Qt]ES^r  and  decide  It  fof  i 
hiioielf-  Bad  he  conddend  il  wlib  hit  uiuak  c«,hn«^i«| 
and  clear  food  •eiiie,itteemi  tcarcely  po«9Et4e  Iba^ 
wlUi   all  tbe  DircuinaUDcet  »g  utterly   unUk^t  Hi 
idtould  hnre  pronounsed  thu  cnae  of  Au4f^  |a  Iw  iIii 
Bame  m  that  of  a  cotQit]i[in  iprry.    Ami  w^lTlng;  fori 
the  present  Ibe  dUfHited  pmint  as  to  the  flar  of  Inmlv  J 
tt  1«  dear,  At  aU  eirenlst  that  when  Andfi-N  1 
rcit<df  be  wat  traTt^Ulnji;  unief  the  prOti^oHuD  uf  | 
paM  which  Aj^old^  as  the  CDintmuidur  of  the  Wei 
Poiat  ditftriRtT  iiad  a  rigtkt  li>  gire.    The  Afnierlean^ 
ront^nd  tliat  tliiA  right  wn»  lorfelitid^  or  rrud^rt*!  t^\ 
no  fffectj  by  Am  old 't  tr*Avheroi«  de*i4f«*-      TeiJ 
bnir    hard    tn   recoiidU«    lych    a   4iBtlnc(it>u  with 
jilightCHi  faitTt  and  pubhc  Law  1    llnw  e:irj  we  dra« 
the  Ittie^  luid  «iy  at  what  prec{»e  point  the  [MMeil 
ar*  ui  grow  invM,Ud — whetbex,  trlieii  the  trrwihtfry^l 
t«  In  proin'cisfr  vi  execution^  ot'  wli«n  riir 
In  thii  mhid^  or  Mfhein  the  mind  latUH  w  . 
Ut    tl]  nhort^how  loote  aod  ullppery  i>' 
ground,  tf  once  ire  foniike  the  t^tlU-il  j^rhncittic  **l  j 
fi!>e4igTdsfnff  Ute  nafe-eoiidiicta  irant«d  hy  aile«|Uftt«J 
authorliyjf  once  we  ttny  fdrtb  in  qiMtti  uf  •curet 
ruollve*  and  detjgni  I 

^'11  hb«t  IndeedthMn  Mdierted  <f,,t    \T|iJi  r,,;T.. 
■Jgned  the  order  for  Andri^  d«»'f 
tn4ioe;    but  Ibc  *fniy  we/*   <k\^ 
nuuded    the   fn^rlftc*.^    T* ' 
reiili  t»n  no  nqiruluui  evi  > 
rulty  <»talllf»hefl,  irrjuld  ti«ii. 

ffi^Chi«f  rrpmbii  k|filinmL<:'  ^^|Hi«<«doiKj^.     ^u{  >^ 
llje  Inttcnibniti'  €f  Wathtngton,  hx  both  «« 


issi; 


y0fe»- 


mS3 


LiHratnre. 


MR  u4  r«i«f  ll«  MUiiV-^e  dk  Clio  (k«th  of  a 

^■•i  wifftMtiy.  «t  thai  iIum',  of  «  tmr*  taawflf' 
ma  Arm«IA,  ti»lae4,  at  mjt  AtmrUm  laUnf  p«rl 
•nil  l.nio1tf»  b«^n  bi  iiutflitotj^  tltAi  TU^Ifv  miRltt, 

>Bt  vifAt  «fi4  eottM  WwhlffRflmi  bs^  to  «BkI  bf" 
*▼«■  Hm  «iiM«t««irv«aMr  e€  rlt«r  ifilMft  Aaiif  f 
LH  aii^tbf  malt  fttllMil  sad  iKanptMbad  MiUla^ 
AWWfM  n*.    *l[r.  WAiUi^fUiQ;  Mft  Mr  Hfiirf 


,  ««aM  MTtf  ililM^  i  Srtltoli  eM««r  f^^oa 

ilrf  <in«l4  r«^«ifa  idm  ampcttllir  Mjaieir  to 

la  «Kb  «  v»i-.* 

is  «it  mmj  mmmtt  «m  «  oaa  ■» 
W^Aii«tiii.    ftf  b«iui  of  lOa  ««fniwt 


ii  lit*  A«r«*Mr  iru  wfa«%  fliiaiiuw;  aa^ 

t  II  mmam  to  n«,  «a  w*  iif«B  tti  fiMin^  p»tiitH, 

|«  M  hli  MmJM  tiBif«  vi,  bf  ii«ltif«  tlreiif 

Mft  lapypiiliiiii;  lb««*  bv  IumI  ttirbed  «tid 

iy  «  miliii  «s«nlon  ef  hto  vUl,  bni  b* 

It   almsv    prmsl   ttivm   nron   luiidralBf 

Of  tldl»  m  BH^  «bMrf «  toBM  Ijkdh 

ttan  bi   blB   prlTkhi  esmt- 

iMJiBiii  IM   thi«  <«ff  of  1i« 

Bttt  ndl   IsdkAilOQi    *r«-  MO- 

i^A.    fl«i»«  M  ii«  «eok«fy,  lilt  IkiOi  Mp^urt 
iSfB,  llfnli|iiiv«f^i*wfc«i,iialMilpt»«Uy 

|»«  4fl«lt  A*  lB«ii||Hlf  d4««>  of  Mt  («W  Vf' 

I  «W,  <rt  lafif ,  Jotq  ottra  tn  i?Dii4«>nninf— 1^ 
^liamjit    «l    Aa4N  ,    e«i1«ln]:f    hf    tt^    tint 

Ittlft  110  §(!&(?&,  upr^  if  we  hud 
,  lwiv«  ««  tliii  di«[»tMtioa^  tu  di^cii§4 
qm/^tm  wblch  liii  h«ix^  rHiKHi^  pre- 
ftrrtnf  lo  Imvc  it  to  Uie  l/iogmpbcra  of 
ITaikuifloiif  ftiid  to  tb«»  ixijilurijitifl  uf  Uje 
t9amxrft€*ipeckolh  toB«iioi-ott.  wlm  miMt 
aoQft,  la  tlie  r«giilii-  oonf^  nf  hu  ktx>ni, 
HH<o<eh  llun  {Kiint,  to  ditfand  lUa  &m- 
dviei  of  tli#  AmcriciLn  g»penit.  Mut  w« 
irSI  neouui,  tliat  the  grouodi*  on  whkh 
Miboe  criUdMaM  \h&  Ooun  ot  Inquiry 
I  ttiad^iiLOcd  Andrt*,  M^m  to  y«  mi^ 
riq|wrfldAl  ittid  inmeniuciil.  U  j# 
Jmi  woml  of  the  (irHcvi  9  thill  ooQA- 
|]i*  biiMrd   wfiirti  taki^n  from  thi» 


•,  J   IK'    I   I.:  I  If  EUi' 'I  I,  and 

I'd  in  tlieir  dei:i4i>ti 


Imir 


i  €f  tkat  court  worv  nut  t 


th*?  *hop  or  th<*  plw»gh»  tiw  pome  of  thetn 
weft'  men  well  n^d  in  the  milit«ry  urt. 
Grtene,  who  tjrtifiidfdH,  tiimigh  a  *»^lf-edn- 
^Al^d  riittfi,  vriVi  thoroughly  tnstruetefi  lit 
\iU  liUH»ni,«^<4,  T^fji^^tte  was  yoiitif,  hui 
ni«y  Ims  r^resnme^l  t«  have  known  tome- 
tiiiTtir  of  the  UwB  of  Balfoiw.  Steuben, 
tiioiiyh  ho  ppoke  no  Englt>«hH,  had  r>**d 
]iiterpr«teri  by  hi^  *ide;  Lord  Stcritng 
wta  a  Tetcmn;  juid,  to  say  nnthinir  of 
CliDton^  Knox,  and  Pat^rsen,  Randlttm, 
whom  WasUing^iiD  consulted  on  nil  im- 
porta  tit  points^  and  may  be  pre^xmmd 
to  hare  been  consulted  on  this,  Wli 
s&  aagadons  and  pnTfonnd  a  «oiin#d^ 
loT  ie  he  ootild  ha^e  chosen.  There  i^ 
moreover^  no  reason  ibr  snpposinir  that 
WRHiiirigtoti  did  not  refrr  the  inatfef 
to  RiicbHinbeATi,  who  wm  n^^t  distant, 
and  whose  opinion  he  wtmld  naturally 
l>e  ludicit^Hii  to  ohtain^  But  wh«?ther  he 
dtd  or  not,  he  w«h  clear  in  hifl  own  mind 
that  the  decision  of  the  tribtinal  was 
right.  U  l»ad  frntncd  itn  ftentetici?  «e- 
cording  t*i  ih*  facts  tJiat  Aridrt^  wa^  raken 
in  eitiiienV  ilreea,  hearing  nj>on  hi*  p(;f!*on 
d(>cuin«ntiiry  eTidenoe  of  a  donsjiiraoy, 
w  hi  ell,  if  it  had  been  carn<?d  into  etfecn 
wor  jld  h  a  v^e  proitrat«d  th  e  e&ii  ftc  of  A  me  rt- 
can  lil>erty  for  y«im  He  came  be^foro 
tilt m  m  an  ordinAr?  tpy,  and  a**  itiiiih  he 
waa  condemned.  The  pftM  of  xh^  Anier- 
jaan  general,  benrir^g  the  nmne  of  une 
Aiiikr!M.>n,  fodld  hardily  t»e  €onMtrne<!  int«> 
a  |iroiet^tion  for  a  BritUh  gL^nernl  otfitjei" 
wiiose  tiaine  wa*  Andr^%  Wa^jfngton, 
with  ail  tiin  paMJoii>i^  wtiH  rivi«t  ri'inark- 
able  for  hia  modemtJon  and  ju*tir4*,  nnd 
tbiii  ef^ent  will  not  tarniih  bLsiaiHe  in 
titat  re!ip«ci  with  iuipartial  fftflteHty. 
We  mav  lament  the  imd  fat^s  of  t^rt- 
yottthM  And  aeooiitpliBht?d  iniyor^  hut 
we  caanoi  d«iiy  that  ii  wm  one  he 
brouicht  ii|ioii  hiiiMaU^  by  eagaginir  ^^  '^ 
uefariooa  plot. 

The  munt  intA^eitlng  thapter  m  Ijor*] 
Mabon'^  vohtin^  relatt^  to  the  life  and 
nmnnerai>ftheeighi<H<ntb  rentiiry,  where 
ilw  writer  k  at  honic,  and  fminti)  a  pic- 
ture fiOt  at  all  tiatt4:ritig  ut  thu  virtituMi  lA 
his  aHMKtom.  TNi<  hijehway  ri»blN<rte», 
tlie  gatnhUtig,  the  di«4»)|»aMun,  nud  iht» 
indt!t'4?ncy  of  tha  jwrkjd^  an*  iiUi*^tral*Hl 
by  el  tracts  Irum  coni«?injK*rjiry  ehro* 
tslolea,  which  force  us  to  coogmtnlali* 
onraeWee.  aa  we  read  thi^ui,  (tiat  wv^  hav»4 
raselied  a  lH«tter  era,  an«)  M^rvo  to  e^^ii- 
Tlooa  u»  timt  there  li  an  unmiitakahlu 
progfoi*  in  htitiian  affiuiv* 

~  Tilt!  loiuhn  Atk^nmum^  whieh  pre* 
tendM  tit  OMnNiderahlo  authority  tn  oMt* 
terA  of  art,  aajr^  tbat  ^*  LantsfiV  itatiM  of  | 


458 


The  First  Discoverers  of  America, 


LNoT. 


that  fraternal  bond  UDiting  the  uttermost 
parts  of  earth,  and  annihilating  both 
time  and  space — through  which  remotest 
nations  send  messages  of  love,  and  peace, 
and  greeting,  on  oarrents  hardly  less 
swift  than  tbonght  itself — ^who  fails  to 
recognize  the  splendid  intellect  of  Morse. 
Yet,  Fulton  dia  not  discover  steam,  nor 
Morse  magnetism.  Practically,  they  did 
what  none  of  their  predecessors  had  done 
before  them,  and  gave  new  impetus  to  a 
dormant  energy  hitherto  unemployed. 
Measuring  utility  bv  success,  we  can  ac- 
cord them  the  highest  meed  of  praise ; 
and  apportioning  our  gratitude  to  the 
number  of  comforts  and  conveniences 
conferred  u\H*n  us,  we  have  reason  daily 
to  remember  and  exalt  their  names. 
Precisely  similar  is  tlie  analogy  which 
obtains  in  the  case  of  Columbus.  He  did 
not,  as  we  shall  eventually  show,  disco- 
ver America;  for  the  Northmen  were 
here  centuries  before  him,  as  their  mo- 
numents and  histories  sufficiently  attest ; 
yet,  no  permanent  good  attended  their 
visits  to  our  strand ;  while  his  landing 
inaugurated  the  dawn  of  a  new  and  en- 
during civilization  upon  the  shores  of  the 
Western  Continent.  In  his  footsteps 
followed  colonies,  which  have  since  de- 
veloped themselves  into  flourishing  com- 
munities and  powerftil  republics.  Com- 
merce and  agriculture,  science  and  art, 
with  all  their  attendant  blessings,  have 
completed  the  furniture  of  this  rich  ter- 
ritory, which  his  tireless  enterprise  open- 
ed as  a  long-sought  inheritance  to  the 
over-populous,  swarming  Europe.  Never 
did  earth  witness  such  a  triumph  of 
peaceful  industry  as  this.  For  it  seemed 
as  though  human  destiny  had  suddenly 
changed  its  course,  and  Time,  renewing 
his  youth,  had  plumed  his  wings  for  a 
loftier,  more  millennial  flight.  No  wonder 
is  it  that  so  dazzling  a  glory  should  have 
been  retrospective  as  well  as  prospective, 
and  obscured,  in  the  popular  mind,  at 
least,  the  less  noted,  though  far  more 
daring,  deeds  of  the  Scandinavian  naviga- 
tors who  preceded  him.  Let  us  inquire, 
then,  unto  whom  belongs  the  credit 
(small  though  it  may  be)  of  having  first 
penetrated  the  dim  mists  of  superstition 
which  shrouded  the  unknown  regions  of 
Hesperus. 

The  ft'uitful  imagination  of  mankind 
had,  in  the  early  age  of  the  world,  always 
attached  a  mysterious  import  to  the  great 
Western  Ocean.  It  was  the  abode  of 
darkness,  whirlwind,  and  tempest ;  and 
men  looked  shudderingly  at  that  blank, 
unknown  realm,  which  their  fancy  had 


clothed  with  supernatural  l&orron.  Yet, 
mingled  with  these  feelings  was  a  larking 
apprehension  of  fair  lands  beyond,  such 
as  mortal  eyes  had  never  rested  on,  and 
whose  description  was  borrowed  from 
the  sunset  glories  that  distinguished  their 
horizon.  It  is  true  that  the  enterprising 
Plicenicians  had  sailed  past  the  Pillars  of 
Herculefi,  and  made  frequent  voyages  to 
Cornwall,  in  quest  of  tin,  with  which  to 
supply  the  marts  of  Inner  Asia.  But 
this  was  the  limit  of  western  exploration, 
and  all  beyond  was  air  and  sea.  Even 
Agricola*s  fleet,  which  first  discovered 
that  Britain  was  an  island,  ventiired  noc 
to  s^l  westwardly  of  this  Ultiraa  Thole; 
for  to  them  the  Western  Sea  was  the 
domain  of  chaos,  dark,  terrible,  untried — 


**ATAitnilmiUblec 
without  heighti  or  depth,  or  boond"— 

the  refuge  of  those  Titanic  powers  that 
ruled  the  very  elements  themselves,  and 
sported  with  the  foundations  of  the 
round  world.  Nevertheless,  there  was  a 
steadv  belief  in  the  existence  of  a  fair 
islano,  or  continent,  in  that  direction. 
Men  citing  to  the  hope  of  some  day  dis- 
covering it,  and  gaining  new  dominions, 
together  with  exhaustless  treasures.  Dke 
a  fireside  legend,  it  had  passed  into  the 
current  literature  of  antiquity,  and  was 
recounted  bv  all  classes  as  a  promise  yet 
to  be  fulfilled.  Plato  had  fk^uently 
mentioned  it  by  the  name  of  Adantis, 
and  Seneca,  writing  in  a  vein  of  almost 
inspired  prophecy,  revealed  the  true  des- 
tiny of  the  world  in  these  vatidnal 
words: 

Tenient  annlt  mooIa  mtIi, 
Qaibof  oceanus  TlncnU  rema* 
Lazet,  et  ingeMpaietU  UUm 
Tlphjiqae  nonu  detogat  orboi, 
Nm  tU  territ  UUima  TktO*. 

Was  ever  prophecy  more  signallv  aocom- 
plished  tlian  this  ?  Where  now  is  earth*s 
Ultima  Thule  ?  One  might  as  weU  look 
for  the  end  of  the  rainbow;  and  the 
good  pilot  Tiphys  would  be  sore  puzzled 
to  find  new  lands,  towards  which  the 
prow  of  another  Argo  could  be  tamed. 
But  it  was  reserved  for  the  hardy  chO- 
dren  of  the  North,  nurtured  on  a  barren, 
churlish  soil,  ^d  chafing  for  opportuni- 
ties of  distinction,  to  solve  this  great 
geographical  eni^a.  Alike  indifferent 
to  pain  or  hardship,  the  Viking  seemed  to 
court  the  terrors  of  the  elements,  and 
death  itself,  for  the  sake  of  sooh  aaven- 
tures  as  might  be  sung  by  Soalds,  at  high 


The  Fini 


459 


I 
I 


ly/tlwt  thoy  •wIchI  out  irjfi>  tii«  grrcAt 
^WD  •«*,  f«r  tti  tdt  westwanl,  until 

whkh  pUo«i  tbey  gmre  botlt  a  namo  aod 

Hm  hl»toi7  of  tbe  aigUtli,  ninth  and 
ith  e^atnriti  ii  ^IWd  with  ike<M>iint»  of 
iJm  titifiiim^  trfieditioni  of  the  Se&adi- 
navtuM.  However  tembla  tbey  may 
have  b««fi  by  ljiti<l^  \l  ii  Tery  evidva't 
lljit  tKrv  u  iv!'.>  even  mo^e  so  by  sea^  wid 
DO  pi  I  f ( ipo  wen  t  Q  fiieathed  of 

ihc]T  Tliey  covered  Uie  seal 

^:  r««0eb,  Aod  levied 
rimlnAtely  npon  nU 
kiiigdoiE^  luid  luii  ItkTii.  Neither  mstsncse 
i30f  disatter  could  det«r  tbem,  Tlieir 
Tery  suirae  wat  dreadod  from  the  North 
Ca|ie  to  tJie  iliorei  of  Italj.  Tbe  poU'iil 
fjhafleniagne  hlotMlf,  ii  tatd  to  haire 
wvpt  At  tl»dr  defiaaoe  of  his  tmmey  de- 
lifilla  IW  |i recall tlona  he  had  taken  to 
«Oia  them  ;  md  Alfred  wii  tli«  first 
SuiffUk  moaaroh  whose  proweaa  wa« 
•qui  to  the  tmk  of  repeUing  them  from 
the  olt-eooarged  iljorea  of  Britain,  after 
chfl(y  liiift  Inoeaaantly  raraged,  &Dd  fhe- 
<|aiQdy  tabdned  tt,  through  a  period  of 
ottr  two  hundred  yeain.  Being  iule 
QMMflAri  of  the  Northern  Ooean,  and  en^ 
wnnnd  bf  their  utieoeMi,  lltey  at  difft^r- 
«iii  aoiea  Vecmme  poateaaed  of  all  the 
UHMb  in  it.  Among  the#e  we  mu«.t 
BffiiiclpAily  notioe  leemod,  Ihe  bn^thtoet 
ttlarafy  atftf  la  the  hyperborean  firme* 
ntBC,  mi  whoee  ancient  hbtorr  I9  eald 
Ut  Ut  lb#  iT^  ^  ^^' t  of  any  Knro[tean 
oootttry,  materioi,  huwevcr, 

lo  lk»  aiit^«.^v  MU'i^<r  review^  that  we 
iIictM  Iftilc^  any  further  meutton  of 
ImlaillHo  faiifiory,  except  in  Its  relation 
to  iIm  iliiooTerieei  of  the  North  men  in 
At  the  only  apparent  nonrc^ 
poaitiveaiid  oertain  Infortna- 
^  the  early  voyage^  to  tJie 
WaMm  Canlinent  e^ti  be  drawn,  we 
rate  to  it,  TIj**  trn^k  \m  well 
,  harittg  been  t  nor 

«r«  be  hkely  ti>  i'>w- 

lif  Ibt  it#pe  of  the  >  ^l  m-Ko- 

1MB  aad  antlqQaHea  so  often 

tife4  ertilQally  pa«M!4  ovi  1  u. 

Thsi  ptirUon  of  the  Ic^tandic  taga/i,  or 
liirtort<%  to  whlclt  our  attention  li  oalled 
k  tallMTiiioa  of  tliin  object,  h««  liatii 
ma^  Iho  baab  of  alt  riK^em  aotupila- 
tiOBi  «|Miti  the  itibject^  and  altbongh  not 
nMOMlied  by  the  *'  grim  gloating  glaii> 
e«a**  Hi  cftrptn^  ontiea,  haa  yet,  in  the 
iBiiK,   oontiotied    imimpeaobedi   hi  Ita 


itatement  of  the  re^ulti  of  ihom  WM^ 
?oyiige4  wbleb  it  cominemonilet.  Fma 
ench  of  tbe^o  tnatf^ rials  m  he  had  aooe» 
t*),  Torf!iiru»  ebljorated  hi*  Vfti4ri» 
Qr&enUndih  Ikmriptw  and  Ifuroria 
Vmhmlim  Aniiqum^  worked  of  priee- 
leie  yalua  to  the  anticpmry,  and»  in  our 
country*  eilrenidy  rnre.  In  like  man- 
Deft  Tery  exaot  relations  of  tliese  dis- 
ooverien  IiflvebeeopreierTed  in  Amgrim 
Jonns'  SpcHmen  Ulandia  HUtorieum, 
Adam  von  Bremen V  Ee^lewm»tkal  I/i^ 
t0ry^  and  »a  many  other  contetnpt>m- 
neons  Tvri tings,  which  we^hall  p!Wienily 
have  tir<;*^^i(in  to  cite.  But  the»e  worki 
are,  corn|iarativtjly  speakiriii,  re<*eni, 
when  ctjn trailed  w'ith  the  originoi  Ml^* 
from  whirh  they  have  been  compiled^ 
and  which  defter ve  n  passing  notice  in 
this  oortnet^tton.  The  liinttiry  of  the 
e<arly  diNXJvories  in  Amenea  ii4  eontained 
in  the  two  ssgRA  of  EtB«K  Tilt  Tiii>  and 
TnoitrtNv  Ka itf jiEFKK.  The  former  nar- 
rative tnakes  part  of  (he  beftotiful  vel- 
Inm  MS8.,  called  Oodm  /^ifej/^nni, 
which  h  a  coOeolion  of  h{Morie«  tran- 
sen  lied  from  older  MSB,  between  the 
years  13S7  and  18@5,  aftiUemtwy  hsfort 
mumhm  landed  <a  iAe  ifev  WorM. 
The  MSS*  of  the  later  aaga  ia  also  on 
feUam,  and  was  evidently  written  about 
the  dom  of  tfie  thirteenth  eentnry.  It 
forms  part  of  the  celebrated  Arnn  Mnir- 
njBon  coilection  in  the  library  of  tin* 
Copenhagen  Unlverwty*  The  CiKlex 
FUteyensis  was  presented  tti  Froderick 
III.  of  Denmark  by  a  bbhop  of  Ska} hoi t^ 
and  ii  preserved  in  the  Koyal  Lihrarj. 
80  mncii  hogitaiion  having  been  exhibit- 
ed 00  the  part  o(  Eiirojxan  eeholarn,  not 
aware  of  the  esititenee  iif  these  reoorrl*^ 
to  credit  the  belief  that  a  rude  people, 
aeareely  iuelnded  wlUiln  the  pole  of 
ci^ilir^tiooi  ahonld  bare  aroaM  the  At- 
lontie  repeatedly,  at  a  poHod  of  time 
anteeedent  to  the  inirentlon  of  tha  astm- 
labt?  or  compaaa— yet  so  atioc«Mb)ly 
withal  aB  to  eetabllNh  oolonlee  on  the 
barren  ooant  of  Oreenlaod,  and  eren  be* 
yatid,  with  which  eoiDmuntcatkmjt  wens 
rv'^iUrly  ki^fit,  thnt  the  Royal  Booiefy 


of 

aniJ 

thl«  tfu' 
Foiaai«i 
orii 


1" 


Itliin     thr 


kit 

mrr: 

rotiolaip 
tfaty  br 


•  H  at  6>penliai:eri 

1  juk  of  oofleeting 

I    LEio  eTidenoe    upon 

It  they  could  teonrt*. 

-d 

rn 

nioni^  their 

-<;hoUri»  and 

,  V   bm    utftii^ei  v«<il  Uiat 

[iiis    undertaking  an 


400 


The  Firsi  Dkcotferen  of  America. 


[No 


amount  of  li^ht  and  leArttiug,  trnsnrpassied 
la  power,  and  fully  corii|»t!teul  to 
iUnmiae  the  d&rke«c  rece&s^s  of  rauic 
lure,  Aoeordiagljf\  in  the  year  1S37, 
tli^y  pnblkhi^d  the  r^uJts  t>f  ttje&e  kWrs 
iii  a  pouderoua  quarU>,  written  in  Ice- 
Ijiuidio^  Danlislt  and  LattUf  under  the  UUe 
of  AwTiQCiTATEfl  AjtRWOANJi.*  Tbia 
trt-iingnid  volum^^  eoutaludoll  the  iiifi>r- 
lUfttifm  we  have  tdtka where  alluded  to, 
aupjMirted  and  subslautiated  bj  contem- 
poraneous narrations  of  coutineiital 
■wri  Ler»^  together  with  collaieral  evid«nee» 
deduced  froiu  rtaceutly  discovered  monn- 
nieJite  in  Greenland,  and  a  critical  ex- 
atniniition  of  tito^  alr^dy  knovvo  to 
eiiisit  in  our  own  countr>\  The  work  h 
^uished  with  a  perfection  of  detail  that 
everywhere  evinces  the  high  ability  of 
it'j  editors,  and  thetr  unsparing  devotion 
to  the  caime  of  learning ;  while  the  jiroud 
monument  that  Proteasora  Rafn  and 
Magnussen  hare  thua  oonao^rated  to  the 
service  of  histary,  entitles  them  to  a  lofty 
niche  in  her  temple.  We  shall  thereft^re 
cliiaelj  adhere  to  their  tejct  in  the  fol- 
lowing narratives,  abbreviating  only  mieh 
parLs  as  are  not  indiij^ngabb  to  the 
unity  of  our  sketch,  and  partake  of  n 
mora  di^curiive  etiaraeter  than  would  be 
compatible  with  its  limits.  And  first^  ns 
to  the  discovery  of  Greeidaud  and  Vsn- 
laud,  we  have — 

AN  ACCOUKT  OF  EIBEK:  IUE  HED,  JL^0  OF 

^^  There  was  a  man  named  Thon^ald, 
of  iionorable  lineage.  Ue  and  his  son 
Eirek,  suruamed  the  Red,  were  ©om- 
jielled  to  lit^e  trom  Jador  (on  the  coast 
of  Ntirway),  on  aeoouut  of  a  homicide 
(Kjmmitted  Uy  them.  Ttiey  (settled  in 
ledaad,  at  that  tim6  fully  tohnked. 
Eirek^fi  father  soon  died,  lie  again  com* 
mitted  a  homicide.  Havhig  fc>een  con- 
demned (to  baniiihmenl)  by  the  court, 
he  fitted  out  a  ve^sieh  When  all  w^aa 
ready,  Eirek  io formed  his  friends  that  he 
had  determined  to  seek  the  land  wiiich 
Ounnbiom  had  seen ;  when  driven  into 
the  Western  Oceau,  he  had  found  the 
iglaudi  since  called  ^  the  rocks  of  Gunn- 
biorn,'  aaying,  that,  if  he  found  land 
there,  he  wauJd  revisit  tlteui*  He  eet 
^il  frofu  Snaefdls^okul  (on  the  west 
iumst  of  loekud)*    At  length  he  found 


* 


4 


land,  and  ca]l€^d  the  place  MidjoknL 
Thenoe  he  con^led  aloug  tho  shore  in  a 
southerly  direction*  He  pa^ed  the  J 
^mi  wiiiitjr  in  Eireksy^  near  tlua  middle  fl 
of  Kastbygd,  lu  the  tbUowing  spring  be  V 
entered  Eireksliurd,  aud  Ujere  nxed  his 
residence.  After  sjiending  the  eu^uing 
summer  in  exploring  the  western  part  of 
the  oountry,  and  tarry  mg  througliout 
tba  wtuter,  tm  returned  in  tbe  third  ^mn- 
mar  to  Iceland,  lie  oailed  the  land 
which  he  Ijad  tbus  discovered  Gr^enhif^^ 
saying  that  mt:u  would  be  induoed  to 
enugrati^  Uiither,  by  a  name  so  mvttiiig. 
In  the  en&uing  summer  he  ratttsned  ti> 
the  land  which  he  had  ^-  red,  ta 

make  it  his  permanent  :  This 

(latter)  event  happened  ^,^/t«.-  ***»£*» 
before  the  Christian  rdjgioa  wae  eala* 
blished  lu  Iceland.f 

"^^  Among  tbe  names  of  the  many  f^crsoDs 
who  accom|janied  Eirek  on  his  return  to 
Greenland  (there  were  enough  to  require 
twenty-five  vessels,  it  would  appear)  that 
of  Heriulf  stands  conspicuona.  He  was 
of  an  old  fumily^  being  kinsman  to  lagolf^ 
the  first  settler  iu  Iceland*  Now,  Heriull 
had  a  myu.  named  Btame,  a  youth  of  great 
promise.  This  young  man  being  a  gae&t 
traveller,  wna  abieut  in  Norway,  when 
his  father,  with  hb  houeehold,  passed 
over  to  Greenland^  Herinlf  ^%*^  Ids  re- 
sidence at  UeriulfnoiaL  Eirek  estah- 
lished  his  at  Bratl^djd,  During  this 
same  summer,  Biarne  returned  ta  loe- 
laufl,  when,  discovering  that  hia  iamily 
hatl  removed^  he  was  sore  distre43**^d.  in* 
eomuch  that  he  refused  to  '  . 

lioiagaaked  what  his  futurt  i^ 

were,  he  replied  :  '  To  do  as  I  liave  U>eu 
accustomed,  and  spend  the  winter  with 
my  father*  1  wish  to  proceed  to  Green- 
land,'* And  when  his  sailors  exprv«Aed 
their  willingnesfa  to  accompany  him,  be 
Baid :  ^  Our  course  seems  eomewtiat  fuul- 
i^li^  since  none  of  us  has  ev^r  cro^4>d  tLo 
Green  Land  Ocean,'  Nevertheleas,  having 
refitted  tbeir  vesfael,  they  put  to  aea,  ^ 

^''They  made  sail  for  Uiree  daya,  when  H 
the  fair  wind  fell,  and  itronp  nnT-?hr.t(ft  ^ 
winds  §praDg  up,  accompani^  i 

foga.    Ihej  were  borne  befoi  -1 

fur  man^  iayi^  tliey  knew  u  r. 

At  length,  the  face  of  the  li 
came  once  more  visible,  and  SMuhi^g  ^ue 
day  fhrther,  they  saw  k^d.    Bat  n^/t 
being  mountainous,  and  in  thk  |>arllctdar 


I 


t  €tiri4tlAiili>    .  .  ■ 


L   of  Oi«f  Tr7i|TAiMii,  Sliwof  K«rilW. 


nt  Fkfii  DiseomrcTi  of  Amifka, 


ISl 


Id  ftEMwer   the  dftterlptioii  of 

(Lud.  Btjirnt!     would     not     hanh 
tfCar  1  on  dieir  l^/t  hand^ 

tbcT  I'  '  Jl«rn  tx)ward«  tbo 

ImL  Tlicrv  ihtsn  iuiUed  fuw  ^y«  before 
llk#j  fUiw  Um\  Agilji.  Tliia  a1sc>,  Bot 
Mne  motjniAiuoos.  but,  aa  llie  e/^utrwy, 
Uryei^aiiil  wixxly,  tliej  agdn  lamedthelr 
fJTCvm  1«nd,  uid  ^tood  otit  to  sea. 
liiw  <%i  with  &  8.W.  wlnd| 
^I^MT  muM  more  ttiftdo  laod,  Tbia  mm 
Mp,  MaiintaiDonfiv  fttid  oorered  witli  ioeu 
wulii-^-*  -  ■^-^---  ^.11^  tJiey  coasted  tbe 
tborc  vod  that  thb  woa  an 

ItbniL  .^^^«»  j^  ..uug  tbe  ship  jibout, 
ttil  iteedi^  out  to  MA  with  tho  some 
iftod,  (8.W];  wbieb  blew  bo  sLrong  as  to 
«oumI  Uieiii  to  f  bcirceu  saSI,  they  kept 
oQ  tlHslr  eoiii-»e  fot/onr  tlayn,  when  they 
mIo  f«w  land^  THifl  oorrespoaditig 
inlli  tin*  lie^rHptbTi*^  of  Greenltttm  which 
Imhm^  re*^  ime  approfbcbed  the 

kad  fownr  lin  promont^irT,  oa 

wtiiffb  Heriiill   .  f  dwtlt.    Then 

li«  betook  hirn  r  aher's  lioim, 

and  nmaliuMl  vim  rum  uli  LUe^nodof 
bli  doooieo"     *     *     «    •    #    #    e 

Tf  tfk  tbe  reeder  to  punde  here  for 
iun»Tir.t,t   while  be  iurm  to  an  Athw 
ef  tKr  Ooeftar  a&d  iiiititntei  All 

InndT^  —1  :t^  dtrectlon  of  litArtie*ii 
eoow.  it  will  be  reeolle^ed  llut  be 
wve  ill  Quvt  of  Greeolaod.  Coming 
frwa  lecuiulf  be  wit^  therefore,  bound 
vmL  After  ieElug  Uiree  dnys  on  thst 
oomi|  itfonff  fwrth&^t  gales  §Tip«r* 
t««^  witb  oeoee  foge^  which  Atitte  of 
Chlikfi  eom^nned  f»r  nian^  4(iyi*  Uavitig 
oe  ineAiii  to  jodgti  of,  or  reeUfj  his. 
oo«M  lie  may  be  ootiflldered  MrW  to 
hiif*  Weo  at  tbe  merey  of  the  winda, 
and  Is  tbe  moA  Hkely  oDndition  to  loie 
hk  mdkxmhg.  Alter  tt  dt^ars  ep,  and 
tbe  foil  It  iigiiin  vjt'fble,  he  «aih  on  one 
diy  ftutb^r,  when  land  ii  dinoovered. 
Hieii  tbe  ftbin  iMput  ahout^  nnd  it4inda 
Oai  ID  Mi  with  A  mttthntst  whid,  th<» 
iMilWw  loft  tokrl»^mn].  AtY^<r  ftiil* 
tag  two  ^K^i  with  thU  wind,  they  make 
tiaid  eoev.  Tht^nris  c4nitinLiin{^,  with 
tbeir  finjw  fnim  lantf,  on  (he  »anie 
eoOTie,  k  ?Arr#  dayn  tli^y  comi*  to  an 
lileadL  Onee  nrnro  th«  nhlp  £i  /it^t 
afteaCi  and^  with  th«  ^tri«  n^^utJiwuKit 
i»,  aow  flreihen«d  ftito  a  ffiilew  they 
i  />«r  da^fi^  and  finally  reach  Green- 
D«L  Wi*  -*^"  :•  '^  i-wfor^s,  tlin?e  poluta, 
at  tbe  ^r>  dkta]]c«a    of   two, 


thre^^  and/c?ur,  ih^  hist  of  ihese  bemg  m 
Uiiind^  whlf'Ij    ^■.uViUti  wit! I   II    K-iiiHivvest 
gale,  was  nt  uf 

four  frotu    r  of 

Greenland,    Now^  u  glmict  LJip 

wfll  fboWf  tijat  the  only  ^i  [Uy 

Amerioan   cnoiiuent  which  ^sMtij^fv  thb 
probleni  anajytjcally,  us  to  dlstJUic^H  nnd 
phyalooi    aspect,   aro    (beginning    wttfi 
Greenland  and  retrograding),  firsts  ihv 
jjilaod  of  NewfoondUad^  fleoond,  th«  (h;- 
ninsola  of  Nova  Sootia,  and  lastly,  w/iou 
T>romontory  withm  the  present  liniiL*  of 
MflAisaohus^tt^  pimibly  Cape  Cod.    But 
wo  will  not  anticipate  the  more  panicti- 
lar  narnitive  of    Leif    (ion  of  Eirekj 
who,    foUowing    Biarne^    do«criptk»Q^ 
vi^t£d  and  named  aU  these  loealitiea. 
It  U  in  subetance  a^  foUowt : 

"LeSf  parchasod  Biama'e  vessel,  and 
manned  it  with  a  crew  of  thirty-five.  Ue 
requested  bis  full  tar  to  take  oommand  of 
the  frTpwIition,  but,  being  dkcoumged 
In  ^  ■  rii  when  on  the  wi^'  to  tbe 

s]/  lotnnicd   homo,    Lolf^  with 

biii  ihinv  [ive  compatU'        .       i^  whom 
was  a  tk'niian  name*!  '  ti  went 

on  board,  aiM'     ■  -  -^  '  '  1  to 

which  tliGj  ^  by 

Biarne.      Tlu,,    ...,.  „.....,..    .....,,    uid 

went  on  !»hore.  There  waa  no  her bago 
to  bi^  found.  All  above  were  fro&eji 
heights,  and  the  whole  sfiace  betweexi 
these  and  Uie  i^ea,  waa  occupied  by  har$ 
fiat  YiK-k^,  Leif  tberenpon  called  it 
UtUul^tul  (that  la,  land  of  broad  9t<jne#). 
After  thi»  they  |>ut  out  to  eea^  and  cam« 
to  another  land,  and,  having  gone  on 
shore,  found  it  to  bo  hy>,  kp^^  ttnd 
i^ttrid  with  tt&od,  lo  many  f»1aoee 
there  were  mhiU  mtid*,  and  a  gradual 
Hiie  of  the  ooast.  Th<'o,  ^ud  lai^f,  bl 
this  be  cidled  Sfarkl^^fut  (laud  of  woods), 
Re-^inbarkitig,  they  miled  on  for  two 
day»  with  a  unrthi  j^t  wind,  and  again 
came  In  wlgtit  of  In  nil  Approaching 
thia,  they  timfhtni  mmti  an  mand^  Ijing 
opposite'  to  the  oortijeaMtx^riv  part  or  the 
main  land.  They  obiKcrviMi  Uio  graie 
ooTorad  with  dew,  wldeh,  on  bt^lng  aoci- 
dentally  taifUHl^  th«y  pereeived  to  be 
stfAngely  ifweet.*  KeturuiDg  U>  their 
ihipj  thi'V  •flH***!  lhr»iti^Ti  II  IjAv^  which 
Uv  '  '  V  ^  '  iry 

ni  Ji- 


i/^ 


I  It  aHM«ply  Aj?^«lkk  t«  Om  pbevft  ol  BuauHl*!  Il^p  t'llifwA  li«e,  aai  I 


im 


The  First  DUcoverers  of  Ammca. 


[NOF. 


went  on  shore  &l  a  place  where  a  river 
pt)iircd  oni  of  a.  lake,  Wlien  the  Uda 
rt»se^  they  pa.^eJ  ap  the  river  into  the 
Ijikc*  Having  diseriibarked,  thej  erect- 
efl  temporary  Iiabitationsi,  but  deterrnin* 
Um  »oon  to  spentl  the  winter  there,  they 
hyill  more  permanent  dwellings.  Both 
iff  the  river  and  the  lake  there  was  a 
Urcat  iihundance  of  §almini.  So  great 
wa*  the  goodnei^  of  the  land,  that  they 
inff  rred  entile  would  bo  able  to  find  pro- 
vender in  winter,  none  of  that  intenjie 
ciM  occurring  to  which  they  were  ac- 
eiL*tonied  at  home,  and  the  gtmi  noi 
Kitherin^  r^tf  tntieh.  Leif  organized 
daily  exploring  pcirties,  wirh  the  injnnc- 
tion  of  always  returning  at  nightfall.  It 
happen edi  one  evening,  that  one  of  the 
company,  the  German,  Tjrkor,  was  mi&s- 
ing ;  whereat  Lief,  being  much  concerned, 
itarted  with  twelve  others  in  search  of 
him.  When  they  had  gone  but  a  short 
distance,  Tyrkor  met  them,  hii*  manner 
being  m  changed  as  to  awn  ken  surprise. 
To  all  Lojfs  inquirieti,  he  for  some  tirn^j 
gave  no  answer^  eieept  in  Gennan,  and 
rolled  hk  eyea  and  twiijted  his  mouth 
itrangely,  meanwhile.  At  lengthy  he 
9<poke  in  the  Korse  language,  and  said : 
'  r  have  not  been  far,  but  I  have  soma- 
fhlng  new  to  tell  you;  I  have  found 
ri>*e*  and  grape$,^  And  Leif,  asking 
wliether  this  was  true  :  ^  Ye%,  indeed,*  he 
aTiswered,  ^  I  was  brought  up  in  a  land 
where  there  was  abundance  of  vines  and 
grapes.*  *Then,'  said  Lcif,  Hhere  are 
two  matters  now  to  be  attended  to,  on 
alternate  days — to  gather  grapets,  or  bet- 
ter, to  cut  down  vines,  and  to  fell  timber. 
With  which  we  may  load  the  ship,'  The 
task  was  immediately  commenced.  It 
i*j  iiaid  that  their  long  boat  wa-*  filled  with 
gra[ies.  And  now,  having  felled  timber 
to  load  their  Bhip,  and  ttie  spring coniing 
on,  they  made  ready  for  their  departure 
(A,  D.  1001),  Leit  gave  the  land  a  name 
expressive  of  its  produce,  and  called  it 
Winl4ind  dat  Oode  (the  guod  Vinland). 
Tliey  then  put  out  to  &ea,  having  n  fair 
wind^  and  at  length  came  lu  aight  of 
Greenland. 

*         *         *        ^        ♦        ♦ 

*^  On  hearing  the  favorable  aeoonnt  that 
Leif  gave  of  Vinland.j  bis  brother  Thor- 
vald,  Bot  out  in  1002,  in  Lei  fa  ve^sseL  with 
thirty  men,  and  arrived  safely  at  Leifa- 
bootbs  (Leif a  dwelling).    The  following 


fipriug  he  sent  ont  a  party  in  the  boat  to 
explore  the  coa^t  to  ibe  south.  On  their 
return,  in  the  autumn, the j  reported  liav* 
ing  foand  the  country  everywhere  very 
beautiful,  and  well  wooded;  bui^  with 
the  cj caption  of  a  wooden  shed,  tvo 
traces  of  man  or  beast.  The  ibflowin^r 
summer,  1004,  Thorvald  sailed  eastward 
from  Leifebooth^  and  then  north wanl, 
past  a  remarkable  headland,  which,  with 
an  oppoeit^  headland,  ioclosed  a  bay. 
Here  a  violent  gale  driving  them  intit 
ahoaJ  water,  and  daoiagiog  the  keel  of 
their  vessel,  Thorvald  was  compelled  to 
remain  some  time  to  replaoo  it.  He 
caused  the  old  keel  to  be  set  np  on  the 
headland,  from  which  circumitaaoe  he 
called  the  place  Ejalarnes  (Keel^neca,  or 
Cape  Keel);  sailing  along  the  oOAat  to  Una 
eastward,  lie  came  to  a  finely  wooded 
promontory,  which  ho  landed  upon,  and 
greatly  adml  red .  Being  aboo  t  to  i*mb ark, 
they  observed  three  canoes  (^eai^kin 
boats)  on  the  beaoh^  under  each  of  which 
were  three  Skraellingi  f  or  Esquimaux, 
Of  ttje  nine  natives  they  killed  eight,  one 
escaping.  Soon  after,  having  betaken 
themselves  to  rest,  tliey  were  awakened 
by  a  number  of  canoes  filled  with  Skrat^l- 
linga,  coming  from  the  interior  of  the 
bay  against  them.  Raising  battle-screen  a 
on  the  $h3p*3  sidcf^i  they  tmcceeded  in 
beating  them  off,  but  m  the  conflict, 
Thorvald  received  an  arrow  wound  un- 
der the  arm,  which  provod  int»rtal.  Find- 
ing himself  about  to  die,  ho  advised  hi^ 
companions  to  depart  speedily,  desiring 
first  that  they  might  bury  him  on  the 
headland,  wnth  a  crof«  at  hi»  boad*  and 
one  at  hh  feet,  and  henceforth  call  the 
place  Eroasaoea  (Cross- ne5^)»  Tliey  did 
as  he  ordered,  and  then  returned  to  iheir 
companions  at  Leifsbooths,  where  they 
parsed  the  winter,  and,  early  io  t!ie  apriug 
of  lOOS,  aet  sail  for  Greenland,  with  & 
cargo  of  timber^  grap^  and  vine  *ct*. 
Not  long  alter  this,  Thorstein^  the  third 
son  of  Eirek,  made  an  ineffectual  attempt 
to  reach  Vinlaad,  with  his  brother's  vea- 
sel,  but  WR3  driven  by  streaa  of  weather 
int<i  LysuQord,!  where  he  died," 

Here  ends  the  aaga  of  T^ir*^t  ih^^  T!**d, 
upon  which  we  forbear,  -, 

making  either  glo®s  or  <  \  .  .'jo 

rather  as  we  have  already  ciiiied  atten- 
tion to  the  getjgraphiwd  problem  oon- 
tained  in  it,  in  our  review  of  Diarn#*i 


I 

'II 

I 
I 


t  Hill  wut  A  lertn  otdeiiflbn  npplird  bf  Lh«  NO'rthmen  to  the  mtiTe^,  ind  nmffeited  hjf  ^e\f  i 
*  ^tijilKtifl  tt»  bw  tie!M>rboi  Creek,  on  tht  out  lUla  of  B^ffis'i  Bmj. 


^     ^ 


,SS^St 


7rtf  Bhe^^ren  tf  Amftim. 


46S 


The  identiBcatlon  of  the  th- 
rfiuus  Lic^iUet  TUiied  and  tiatnod  by  l^if, 
|«ritl  be  dalj  etubliahe^  &rt«r  we  sliall 
»f«  rtb«in«4]  tlie  next  duQmcle,  which 

yAJWiATiTB  OP  TtiE  EXPsniTiaii  gw 

**I;       ■  'uiiin   of    1006,  two  ships 

irj(.  imi  tV*iiti  lit'lftiid,  the  one 

L«uni!  '  '^    rfinij  Thord>*tm,  ftur- 

^  UojH^ful),  ihooUier 

JJjo. .1.    ^.x,, i-^oiif    mill    Tliurhall 

ThtirtliiH    WM    «    Wi-alth)' 
aod   1»eli)ii^c4l   ta  a  dbtltigui^hGd 
Bllj,     Hiivitig  piused  til©  winter  with 
/:  the  Evd,  Mild  heard  a  mat  deal 
ni  th«  fioo  «almnn  and  wild  erapei  of 
ad,  tlicj  cjime  to  tde  reaoTtitioQ  of 
diug  A  colon  J  there.      MeaowhiSeL 
»waT«r,  Tb*jr@rin  fell  in  lovt  with  and 
'mairied  Thoi%t4>ir>'fl  wiik>w,  Gadrida.  In 
tbt  tpring  of  10U7,  t lie  two  ves.seb  ware 
^ldltt«d  ftir  tbo  projected  vi>ytigi?  to  Vin- 
^iimL  aa  aL»<»  a  third  rjiit?^  hy  Tlmryard, 
nottivr  Poti-in-!aw  of  Kirck,     He  was 
oin|]ftiiied  by  a  dAfk,  ill-liKiking  man. 
Thorhall,  wh^j  hjid  long  ii^rv@d 
I  Itt  tlie  ea(iac<ily  of  hitnt«r.    Tbore 
,  in  all,  one  htim^red  and  %Hij  Itidi- 
'  J  foriiiftheil  with  cattle  nrvd  other 
%rm   itfeKJc   In  abundAnro.      Thi^y  flnt 
to  Ibt  WMtern  di:*trict  of  tlrccn- 
^  and  (a  BJamey,*  and  tb^n^  for  two 
I  in  a  iKynihcidy  dh-ectiou  to  ilelhdandt 
I  tbajr  dcacribe  tho  largf^^at  ni&n^i 
fmthLmvtrwJi  of  tht^m  t«*clvc  dh 
Bid*    Twu  dAjM  tuoro  bn night  tbi^rti  to 
woodf  fthoro»  of  MiirklaiuL    Tliej 
1  a  baar  on  an  inland  near  the  coa^f^ 
i  from  thai  eiixtitnstjuirc  they  ealbd 
(Bear^]9   iBbnd),      Suiting  for 
3ntf  tonthwi^t,  wiU^  laud  to  ttar- 
[board,  they  raachad  I^alarnes^  whara 
w«ra   ira^ki^m  &kut»  and  ithiU 

tha   n*lJ»i*'   i»f   For  l-:!^ -^iriirHlir   rWur- 

Idlfim     ^ 
[tt>ar»e,  t[ii'_  • ;, 

w!r,'  I,    v.. I  1    ouvorcd  with 

'\  '*n^  current  ftiM 

'y  thin  mlntuj,  Hi)  1  iAiMi  furih<*r  up  thc^ 
if,    from     wlikb     Hn  ijriji^tfu.ri^     Hicj 
1  the  former  t^  I  i 

tb#   latter    ^  l 

rftli).     H-  ^    ''  fi*.'0  nivir  .^iiii*s, 

:/^r,  during  which 
lodnda  ii    u>  a  ion,  isaEatl 

T!  ^  i^'}#r<ry  iia#r!%a&d 

^li  Uiaj  COL. : ,,.jr  hnnt  nor  fiak,  pm- 


vision E  ran  jihcirL  J^non  after,  a  whaJa, 
of  ai{)«<.Mes  uukunwn  to  the  Northman^ 
was  cast  ashore,  and  Ihev  partaking  of  it, 
were  eiokenod.  And  now  they  b*|?an  lo 
flbpaie  as  to  where  Thej  should  tieit  go, 
whun  Thorhall^  with  ciffht  men,  l^sll 
Thorfinn,  and  surJe*!  northward,  Uy  et- 
ploro  Viulaad ;  but  after  pft*4)iing  KJal* 
annos,  was  driven  otit  to  sen,  nnd  oast 
npon  the  ooaat  of  Ireland.  Th^jrtiun  and 
his  piMjple  sailad  souttt,  and  came  to  a 
Tkmimtjhumd  thrmtgh  a  iak^  m  iU 
iMty  U  th»  iea,  and  the  m<ntth  of  i^AiaA 
laof  $&  buet  If  i£A  ifindhanbi  a*  fo  bs  ttthlf 
aioem^U  at  hi'jK  teaUr,  To  this  plaoo 
ha  gave  tho  name  of  Hop  (Eftniiry), 
They  found  the  oonntry  very  heanlifnl, 
with  KOod  paaturage,  nnd  everything  in 
abundanoei  cam  gmwirt^  wild  on  tk^  l&w 
^r&vndt^  andfintton  fA^  Mlfs,  the  wooda 
stocked  with  game^  and  tho  rivers  teem- 
ing with  fish.  It  was  resolved  to  make 
thia  their  winter  qaartera,  bi  tooordanoa 
with  which  ihey  set  np  booths  at  a  short 
diiimnoe  from  the  lake.  No  snow  fell 
during  Uie  winter,  aud  their  natUe  ro- 
tnained  in  the  fiolda,  lltiving  iM^n  oltoan 
and  ropcatediy  attacktvi  by  the  Skraal- 
ling«,  and,  on  one  ocermion,  put  to  dlght, 
Thorfinn,  with  his  com  pan  ion  j,  felt  oon- 
Tiiioe<f  that  they  wotdtl  bo  oomtAntly  n- 
poaed  to  flnob  dangcfrH,  and  oonfleqnatttl/ 
returned  to  Srrauniljord,  where  the/ 
pa<*cd  the  thinrl  winter.  In  the  ensuing 
spring  they  <iailcd  honn^ward»,  t<iuch1ng 
at  MfirkZaud,  and  finnllv  f^acUing  Kireka* 
Qord  in  satety  (A,D.  1010), 

«        •        •         #         m         a 

*^  In  the  same  year  a  Veasal  trtired  la 

Greenland,  from  Norway,  04>incnaiided  by 

l^v^  ^..-.it...^    ih\g\  mni  llunbogl,  wbota 

F  "r  tjf  Eirek),  |>enKuwlad 

lu .-  .,^^  ..  vriyftgi3  u>  VSnIand.  They 

aoeordingly  sailed  thither,  f<iH^ni  ttie  win- 
ter at  Latfsboothi,  and  rcrtumed  the  nast 
yaar.'* 

Bneh  are  Cba  aaoouiitA  tranamlttad  to 
UM  of  thi0  dlaoovarlea  of  Gn^nland  lod 

V  Inland,  which  latter  region,  it  m  not 
baxarding  ttm  much  to  •nj^Mifie,  U  ideuti* 
cal  with  that  |M>rtlait  of  the  American 
eontinent  now  deaignated  a^  New  Eng- 
land, Wo  ha^'o  ahl*ri.*viaiiHl  iht^^o  narra- 
tive*  much  beyond  what  we  i:t*uld  hare 
wleihv^r  '  .  IV  thoea  parUotilan 
a^   p>  >iK  upon  wlidali  ft 

giTncnuj/JUKfii  f  -  .,..,...— f*.if^  ^■-Li!jfl4; 

for  ihe  rjtijunt  >raa 

Idtom  in  whioh  ii.^^  ..  -  l.  . ,,  ^,,^,,^^4  aa 


Mi 


TJi4  Fint  BiHomnn  of  Ammoa. 


[Not. 


ftttnosphere  of  trath  ftboQt  it  that  dif- 
arms  dombt,  and  repels  orilldim.  And 
the  que-stion  really  seems  to  be^  not 
whether  tbej  are  true,  but  how  for  ih^if 
descriptions  coincide  willj  tlie  choro- 
grnphj  of  certaiD  well-kuown  locaUties 
on  our  coast.  It  b  a  mere  coinpftri»onf 
iherc^fore,  that  wo  are  called  upon  to  in- 
stitute, tmd  one  in  which  each  mind  c&n 
judge  for  itself  how  nearly  thee©  elements 
of  resemblance  appro  si  mate  and  csoocnr. 
At  the  outset,  it  will  be  notloed^  tliat  a 
oertttiD  auecession  of  events  occurs  to 
euuh  of  the  ex[)edltiori3  sailing  to  Yin* 
land.  In  otlier  word^  wo  lind  that, 
HeliuLind^  Mark  land,  and  Vinlaud^ 
the  three  lands  of  stone,  wood,  and 
nnm,  always  follijw  sucoessively,  to  tlie 
Northmeu  snilinj^  a  sonihwest  oouri© 
frtwn  Greenland.  The^e  f»cts  of  them- 
B4$lve«,  evtn  if  unsupported  by  collateral 
evidence,  wo«ld  suffice  to  eliow  that  the 
ociuntries  so  called  could  be  none  other 
but  the  proiectin;;  htadlantk  of  New- 
foundland, Nova  Scotia,  and  Now  Eng- 
land.  Bat,  lent  we  simll  be  found  wan^ 
derin^  in  the  hazy  domain  of  conjectnne, 
we  have  another  important  dement  of 
information  imparted  to  us,  in  the  time 
oon^nmed  in  reselling  these  various  local- 
itiea.  Thus  Leif  and  Biarne  were  each 
four  daf»  in  falling  between  Greenland 
and  HcNulaDd*  Now,  the  dbtance  from 
(Jape  Broil,  on  the  aontlieastern  eitrem- 
itj  of  Newfoundland,  to  Cape  Farewell, 
in  Greenland,  is  aome  600  nauticfd  nulea, 
which,  with  a  fair  wind,  might  easily  be 
run  in  four  days.  And  the  de«KiriplJon 
of  thb  region,  aa  given  by  the  Northmen, 
is  tlius  corroborated  by  modern  travel 
lers*  Anppach,  a  German  writer,  speaks 
of  Me  bar£^  and  large  Jiat  r&chg^  without 
a  tn^a  &r  shrub.*  The  old  Icelandic  geo- 
graphies call  Newfoundland,  LittU  Ud-- 
luliind^  and  Labrador,  Great  Edlutatid. 
In  the  *'  Philosophical  Tran actions,'*!  a 
writer,  speaking  of  Labrador,  says : 
*'^Thc  surface  is  everywhere  naeven  and 
f(>Pfrf/i  mth  large  $Um^  mnu  &/  whi&h 
are  of  amazing  dim^nwi&m.  In  a  wfird, 
the  country  is  nothing  more  than  &prO' 
dpjwm  hmp  nf  barren  rnehy  But  if 
the-e  doscriptiona  Htartli!  us  by  their 
f^imilarity,  they  will  be  found  sUll  more 
cuincideot  in  iheir  application  to  Mark* 
laod,  or  Nova  Bcotia.  Says  a  modern 
work :  "  The  land  ii  hw  in  gcnfi^al^  and 
not  viidble  twenty  mile^i  t^ti*  Aspotogon 
hills  have  a  hiig  I^rd  apfKiarance.     Be- 


tween Cape  Ld  Have,  and  PortrMedwnj,! 

the  coast  to  the  Simward  is  l^cei  and  lo-t^A 
and  the  shores  marked  witli  while  rr^^k^. 
From  thence  to  Shel bourne,  and  l\*t%\ 
Rose  way,  are  tff&odg^     The  land  i=*  l^m 
mth  ichitfi  »findy  elifft.     Cape  Sable  is  a  I 
hw  woody  tAland,  at  the  eJtreniiiy  of  ft] 
range  of  Mand  cli^s.^'t   ^*^^  can  there  T 
Dinch  doubt  that  Kjalam©#  is  identic 
with  Cape  Cod*    As  to  the  FrntJursirao*! 
dk,  or  Marvellous  Btrandis,  of  Ube^ortk-^ 
men,  they  correspond  so  exactly  with  ilm\ 
eoast    of    Nauset    Peninsula,    and  th'^ 
Oh&tham  and  Monomoy  beaches,  that  m 
deseripdon  could  be  more  acctirate.    Dr.) 
Hitchcock  says,  speaking  of  this  rcipuu^ 
^^  The  dunes,  or  sand- h ilia,  which  sm  of 
ten  nearly  or  quite  barren  of  vegetation, 
and  of  *naw^  wkit^ficss^  forcibly  Attraot 
the  attention  on  account  of  their  peon^ 
liarity.  As  we  approached  the  e3tir«uiit|pl 
of  the  Cape,  the  sand  and  the  barrenneai' 
increase,  and  in  not  a  few  places  it  would 
need  only  a  party  of  Bedouin  Arabs  Iq 
cross  the  traveller's  |iath,  to  make  him 
fed  that  he  was  in  the  depths  of  an  Ara- 
bian or  Lybian  desert."    Profe»st>r  Bttim 
thinks,  that  the    name    of   Marrelbua 
Straods  may  be  ohiefl j  due  to  tfa#  pb^ 
no  men  on  of  the  mirage^  witnessed  there 
by  the  North  men,  and  in  aupport  of  tbia 
ooDJectnre,  Hitchcock  remarki  that|  ^^In 
crossing  the  sands  of  the  Cap«^  I  noticed 
a  lingular  mirage  or  deception,    la  Or- 
leans, for  in  stance,  we  aeemed  to  be  ascend- 
ing at  an  angle  of  three  or  four  degrees, 
nor  was  I  con vi need  that  such  waa  noi 
the  case,  until  turning  about,  I  peroeiv^l 
that  a  nitnilar  asct-nt  appeared  on  the 
road  just  passed  over."     Following  tbe 
course  pursued  both  by  Leif  and  Thor- 
fian,  as  described  by  the  Saga-men,  it 
would  appear  that  they  must  have  pa^ed 
til  rough  Nantucket  Bay,  and  Yin  ©yard 
Btmnd,  tbeuce  up  the  SeaeE.Knnet  Kekch, 
Focasset  River,  and  inlo  Mt,  Hune  Bay, 
where  Leif  tixed  bis  bootlii  on  Taunion 
River ;  and  for  this,  though  no  c^rtamtjf 
of  loc^lty   caa  be  predicated,  thi»  eti- 
dence  is  sliU  unblemished,  as  in  the  caaA 
of  any  of  the  bofore'inentloued  protnon- 
lories.    A  c^areful  eitami nation  will  «at* 
iafaetorily  prove  this  to  be  so.       If  w# 
suppose  tljat  8traum fjord  w^w  Biit/jird*§ 
Bay,  and  StranmeT  ciUiLi  - 

yard  or  some  of  the  con 
ti  I  en  the  G  u  If  Stream  ^li  1  i  -  1 1  ^ 
plain  the  strong  currmL'^  jiu  .li 

those  narratives,   Lyell  remairka .;-  "  Xikal 


*  MjOtel't  Hprthfern  Ant1i|ank«*  p,  *iVl  f  V«iK  hXlV.  pp.  BTi-7g  qodl^d  ill  4dM«. 

I  fte|wr£  en  tike  Oeui«>£^  uf  MMMcbuMtti,  {p,  W,        |  tjvU'i  G«olof|,  Td^  t.  y.  Saf  i  &lk  hmii 


,^m. 


18^] 


^i  Firit  I>iicov€r9n  ti/  America 


1km  mrmnt  of  i 
it  for  granted  t 
ftnl  winter  ai 

ipliati 


et  which  turn* 
rwim."  Taking 

liHQ    pttMOd    bii 

Bav,  Iloji  will 
rrt^sipQiidiatf  in  de- 


jreTcr,  u*  u^iuir  tiiat  no  weight  la  *t- 
d  to  tbfi  oocurenoe  of  UiQse  bomon  jT- 
wofi)%  by  matigiiariesi;  tlidr  <KiSa- 
i  Mitf  deemtM^  If  tioi  fmrely  «iy 
Lii  kast  of  U)i>  tri  villi  a  natnra 
1  aaj  aftfe  j^rimtitl^i  far  jadgiaent. 
llhotiMTWims  wiib  ttte  tumigrapttvv  For 
» i»  tf  rtt^r,  Taimt<jn  Kiv^r,  jwi^'ni? 
a  taki^  Ui,  Ecfpe  Baj  timy  al- 

-bf  tin  ?ooaaiet  Kivtr,  ft»d  Seaooa- 

i  E«adi;  which  owing  w  thdr  «an<l^ 

' ,  mr$  0nig  rmtiga^k  at  high  tfa^. 

tajT  deBoripliaa  be  mure  predsd/ 

if    Even  ftfUr  tbe  Iftpoe  of  ei|ht 

Aii4  when  tb^  eroalve  aolion 

«€  wstor  must  have  aaiD^what  changed 

lb#  getmnii.  oon^goratiou  of  itio  coi«t, 

W«  ftuU  Aod  it,  iu  till  ibi  e^etiiiala,  BtHot- 

rooaibrmable  to  [ffw^tqit  ciroiiin§taiic<«. 

tls  ieldom  tliat  a  4^. bain  of  circumstantial 

•QiOe  k  ikj  Imrmtjoiouj)  m  ml  1  its  pu  rlii  ^ 

l^cli  one  of    ^-hich,  ewti  when   tak^ 

n  carriia*  with  it  the  Banclion  of 

trotlti  mm  the  wbob  pre^ontltig  a  camulft* 

ll«i  g^fnonatrati oil  of  biatorioAl  vorACit^. 

It  li,  daabtlqsL  ^  tmitier  of  no  inooti- 

Mfltililt  diffieuHyt  tit  locAta  with  pred* 

«Mii  ptnitiQlar  i»t4(^  oieutiotKd  in 

I  tifarcuiielis.     An  oooiaioDai  feature 

Mtiiiblanoa,  ar  modemto  d«grt^<s  of 

fi  4a  not  t)«oe«aantj  constitute 

I  Umttj;  but  when  these  concur  in  a 

rftiAiiiLor,  and  ot^l  inortiover,  eap* 

by  €oltai«ral  evlikiK»e,  they  then 

k  the  itrongesi  mewiire  of  prmif  Qfion 

kuiiiAn  mind  nan   eiarciM 

la  ttdiilion  to  tb«  iojKi0nif»b5ed 

neat  whioh  have  been  traood| 

we  AM  told,  that  when  th<^  fir^tr  Kngttsh 

•etUon   arrtvi?d   in  Haw  EiigintKl,  $h§jf 

vmmd  Hnst  grmsing  wild  ftn  the  hiltt^  and 

indium  «<^m   tfn  ths  plain*^  tlie  rivers 

ilitf  with  6ih,  on^  the  t«kiida  ooTgred 

t  «m*fowl,  joat  aa  the  Northman  did 

)  befort  them ;  teM«i|  §k^  were 

9«aiiUy  taken  itjion  the  ooaet    With 

» dftU  u  band,  we  we  Ibtved  to 

loMan,  th^^  tbisy  om  be  oomMtlj 

I  to  tPfily  one  j>ortion  of  ibe  iUne- 

ootiiitnt^  and  tiiat  we  mnat  tot>k, 

^  t«7  iba  6tato  of  ILLaaAorcrawrni 

I  fMirtJciitarly  lo  tbttt  part  of  it  iu- 

ritbin  tiie  MmiU  of  tito  6^  C^ 

an  wi^tl  at  to  pottiofia  i»f  Rhode 

\  bordering  upon  the  WM^  Ibr  the 


trne locality  of  Yiniasip,  An objeetion 
urged  with  much  cogency  and  fervor, 
and  bearing  a  scmbkneo  of  iralidliy 
aboot  it,  is  very  com  in  only  nmde  against 
tbii  emplacom^Di  of  Vi[darnl— liaaS  n|K 
on  the  apparent  dilien^tjoo  in  tUmt^U  be- 
tween clie  £eA-b(>ard  of  Kht-^de  I»hnd  and 
flouUiern  MA$«achu^tt8^  nud  the  redo  it 
Fiaited  by  the  North  men.  Biit^  in  iHjality, 
there  is  do  ck>ntPflt}iction  bore,  which 
may  not  be  eadly  and  fintiiifactorily  ex< 
plained.  Especially  will  thi^  appear^ 
when  the  dinerenee  in  tho  conditioti  of 
parties  making  these  ohner  ratio  as  \n  tak- 
en into  account.  And,  on  the  whole^  tl>e 
Tariatinn  k  no  greater  than  can  be  Ac* 
counts!  for  by  physlt^al  kwM,  It  should 
be  remembered,  at  tfiD  out^iet^  tliat  the 
aa^  accomites,  And  tiiut^  of  the  pilgrim 
&mera,  had  refers nco  to  partlmlar  win- 
ters, Aad  not  to  lliat  seasoa  gL*ntmIly; 
therefore,  both  mi|;ht  well  he  trti*?  as 
marked  iiistaiicet)  uf  climatic  ottcillntirin ; 
which  siippo^iititm  h  far  more  r«iist>mibln 
than  to  as!»umo  that  the  granting  the  y^ 
rity  of  the  one,  net^en&anly  invAlidAte* 
the  oorrectnesi  of  Hw  other.  It  should 
i^ao  be  borne  in  mind  wheuce  the  ddTcr- 
ent  voyagors  cuine*  Tho  North  own, 
bred  amid  the  in lioapi table  wastes  <4  ibe 
Arctic  zone,  and  beuoAth  the  ^'icy  fAog 
And  ohurti^h  rhidings  of  the  winterA 
wind/'  mtij  wvll  havv  fuiicl^d  t]ieiu««e1r#4 
trans j)4jrtoa  to  eonie  terrestrial  01  ad- 
ahrimr,  aa  they  hchehl,  thruiigb  all  the 
winter  iuontli5,  **  the  gran  not  wiihsHm 
T^arif  tftufh.**  While  Uie  piltfrims^  chll- 
dreu  tif  A  Tidlder  clime,  ana  little  acctiS' 
tomed  to  btdlj^t  tbu  eleinenta,  bappening 
to  knd  here  In  m  anoiilh'  ienre  wln- 
tdft  have  preeeated  m  A  fmrM  plctnre 
of  unrelieved  iu^ering^  But  the  North- 
men aUu  «pe^  of  A  winter  which  wai 
very  severe,  a  term,  when  uwd  by  them, 
Off  moat  jKirt^ntoua  imjuvrt ;  w>  that,  after 
*tV  the  httof^  elitnatoof  Vinknd  wii^  not 
Areodinn  enough  In  obaractor  to  exclude 
it  from  a  powlble  domtmle  on  our  iihorei* 
The  bcttt^r  opinion  u%m»  to  be  thai  Vin- 
land  WA<4  never  inoceaafblly  oolonrised, 
Aud,  apart  from  traditiir  royigea  wlddi 
may  bavy  been  ajndertiiken  »'■  -  -  *"■"  ^ho 
purpote  of  p-alfloking  in  i  he 

natfvei*, 
with  ^ 
lory.     I 
aiiUnsot'  ii 
thongn  the 


ft.,    t,  .JnMr^L^ 


roconi  ■  :  ■■ ^  tli 

ran  da  of  itJi  hi*- 
jjint  evout  h  die 
!.er,  in  11  ^tl, 
iNit,  whrtbcT 
Of  ijot,  i*t  not  rvconntwd. 
The  Itil  mention  of  it  li  of  the  date  of 
IU7^  whon  a  Greenland  bark  It  tatd  to 
bare  ran  Into  £HrAtimf|Qrd,  iiafinf  loil 


tbongti  toe  [ 
aodadiaitioal 


im 


Ths  Fir&t  DUcQvenrs  of  America. 


[No 


her  anchors.  It  b  far  otl^erwlse  with 
tlw  bistory  of  Greenlafld,  U)  which  oar 
attention   must,   for   the    preeeati   be 


iktoTB^h^   in  7i^  W   nortli   latitude 
kng,  56^  weet  of  Greijowich,  «  rept^ 
Bentatlon  of  wMdi  we  bare  insert,  tran- 


'^I'jiti, 


Z^ 


EIH^lKTaBeO^E    BOOK* 


tomed*  There,  ooloniea  iprsng  op,  trade 
and  comraeroe  were  established,  and 
regular  intercourse  maintained  with  the 
mother  country,  Churches  were  gatliered, 
and  an  Epiaoopal  S^  constituted,  siiffra- 
pan  to  the  Archhl&hop  of  Drontheim, 
111©  loflt  bishop  was  appointed  in  1400, 
fiinoe  wbieh  time  the  colony  baa  never 
beea  heard  ot  At  thai  day  It  conaiated 
of  280  villages.  Various  have  been  the 
coi^ectures  raiBed  to  explain  it»  fate^ 
some  asc^riblug  it^  depopalation  to  the 
rftvara  of  that  fearfol  scourge  of  thd 
HIdme  Age^  the  black  death |  and  others, 
with  perhaps  more  justice,  to  the  per- 
nicious tystem  uf  commercial  policy  pur- 
sued by  the  mother  oDUtitry.  Be  this  as 
It  may,  the  country  was  henceforth 
known  as  the  hit  Greenland;  nor  was  it 
till  the  year  iTSt,  that  a  re-discovery 
took  place,  and  row  colomea  established. 

Bnt  whatever  hesitation  may  be  erpe- 
rienoed  at  receiving  these  narrativoa 
us  positive  conclusive  evidence  of  early 
gcandinavian  settlements  in  America, 
aud  wbatover  doubts  may  still  linger  in 
tlje  public  mind  as  to  the  localities  there- 
in  described,  must  vanish  and  disappear 
before  tlio  irrefragable  testimony  of  ei- 
isting  mooumeDta.  They  are  silent^  yet 
eloquent  witnesses  of  past  events^  and 
oome  to  ns  free  from  aHl  Impatation  of 
prejudice  or  subornation*  In  their  pre- 
sence unbelief  stands  rebuked,  aud  truth 
is  vindicated  anew  by  this  internal  evi- 
dence of  its  existence,  which  it  awakens 
in  every  mind. 

**  Quem  non  moveat  darmimis  monu* 
tne  n  lU  testata  con  signataq  n  e  An  dq  u  j  tua  ?  *  ^ 

The  first  and  most  important  of  these 
motiiorids,  is,  without  qnesUou,  the  cele- 
brated rock  found  in  the  island  of  King' 


flcnbed  from  tlie  Antiq.  Am.    This  stone  j 
waa  discovered  in  the  autumn  of  1824^1 
and  has  caused  much  discnssion  nmongl 
the  European  mtan^,     It  beoi^  a  gcuu*^ 
ino  runic  inscription,  and  consJuls  of  ^, 
pkin,  unequivocal  ronic  charactt^rs,  \fiihj 
much  fewer  of  tlie  cryptographic  sym- 
bols than  we    often  meet  with,     thii 
in«?cripdon  was  submitted  to  Professorsi 
Magnusen  and  Eask^  and  Dr.  BrTnJnif*>-l 
son,  of  Iceland^  and  these  disiitsgui^hedj 
Tunologists,  without  any  intercommuni- 
cation upon  the  eubject,  respect! vely  ar-J 
rived  at  the  same  interpretation  i>f  tbo 
characters,  with  tbe  exception  of  the  la 
sl^,  which  Magnusen  and  Rask  UnaUxJ 
agreed  meant  the  numerals  MCXXSTlJ 
while  Brynjulfvson,  though  he  believe 
them  to  be  mere  ornaments^  was  yet  of  1 
the  opinion,  from  the  funn  of  the  othe 
characters,   that  they  belonged  to  tbi 
eleventh  or  twelfth  centuries.     The  foH 
lowing  is  their  version  of  it: 

ItLOTBT    f  jUltl4.n  -  0C  UTtHf  I  KCOSXV* 

Or  rendered  into  Englisli— 

(tbA  di|r  of  Tletofy,  of  April  Ji&Ui)>  KuitTriai  tstai 
iuE£i  iXD  Mirvm^i  1185." 

Other   runic  inscriptions  li**^^*   ^ - 
found  in  Greenland,  liit  not  < 
impyrlance  to  deserve  a  inerr 
They  are,  for  the  most  part,  - 
and  have  no  direct  reference  i  - 

ject.    Kuins  hai^t>  also  been  dtptsovt^rcii 
at  Ikigeit,  and  foundations  of  a  church 


•  Se«  Qomboldt't  Eia&6a  Crttiqoe  ds  ITitf tolx*  dc  li  Ofiograifhle,  A*,  ^.^  ^»^  U-  V»*  f T-10L 


Ll8i4.] 


Ths  FifH  I>issov€nri  of  Amtrka. 


mi 


dog  ill  ftPBA  of  ISO  hH  by  lOD^  at 

iliiorM  of  I^iko  Creek,  vrhMi  aro 

iupiH>Mrt1  to  b«  tha  ineiuaitis  cfl^  the  Oathe- 

dml  of  GtrdftT.    JJut  tbo  must  remtirk- 

ftblv  ruiu  y«t  ditoavtr^d,  k  &i  KAkortok, 

k^L»ifr«  Iti  U>  be  Mtti  fin  ediBco,  ^videuUy 

olitirdif  lifty-0110  fbet  in  bngth,  atid 

Iwciil^*-Bvi9  iti  brea4tb,  having  &  round- 

i  window  at  6  lib  or  gable^  aod  faiir 

Pt|iiart>  wiodnwa   in  oncb  of  tbe  lAtuntl 

lafU,  wbich  arc  from  tour  to  eigfit  feet 

'     \  atid  of  tiiaasi  tq  fiton^,   I  n  N  e  w  Eug- 

lh«ra  ara  two  well-kuowti   monu- 

,  wMeU  trtdition  baa  immemorimlly 

1  to  tbo  luuidiwork  of  the  North- 

i;   and  wbiob,  d^fdlti    ibe   learned 

ii|tclioiia  raised  agaiiLAt  their  auihen- 

'  ntj,  and  the  great  amount  of  paper 

'i6t3  «hot  at  tbeuj,   are  ^ow]y  and 

'  fitrtljr   moiildlng    public    opinion    to  a 

faforable    reception    of    their    claiiaa. 

,  Tkay  aro^  the  old  tow@r  or  millf  at  New- 

ort,    and    tbe    Digbton    writing-n^ek. 

"  df  locality  being  admitted,  aa  witbin 

be  liiuita  uf  tlie  ancient  V Inland^  tlie 

qnoKtion  tiirnii  upon   their   origin . 

to  tlu^  fint  of  these,   it  Imx  been 

1  aa  a  sort  of  arobite^itnral  i^plunx, 

rhich  every  neophyte   wag  inviuid  to 

(plain,  ao  long  as  he  avoided  pving  U  a 

dtnavian    derivation.     The    oidoat 

Dkfii    fonnd    it    ai    it    standA,   and 

jinallon  has  been  racked  to  furnish 

ll  with  aboriginal  bui]dt;r»f  ev^r  einea 

tilt  ooiaatry  wm  ■ottled.    But  all  tttese 

thaorica  have  failed  to  rob  the  sturdy 

llurtkiciiis  of  their  rightful  claim,  and 

ita#  grows  ttroiiger  daily ,»    W^U  It 

For  they  have  a3l  the  #vidaiiee 

itiitory  and  analogy  can  allbrd 

,  and  Ihu  Mve  judgoient  heretofore 

1  igdnA  them,  ^priogi  tuore  from 

(pKiimnoe  of  the  judges  than  the 

of  Uicir  oatiie.     Frof.  fiafn 

owf  ooncliMlvelv,  that  the  sty!<*  of  Ita 

'•i^ill^oture  b  of  t^^  itury, 

ind  of  the  onkf  m  ^^  hmen 

eoinmonly  bmiL     It  i^  a  ^mipie  tholna 

of  tite  inonopt«ral  kiod,  and  hm  uAuf 

inahiguwr—  ■•  ■    t ha  north  of  Europe ; 

and  tJie  t}  ^  garno  order  U  also 

^'-'^''^*  '"  ^'  ^  ruitjf.     Among 

]j«riu4l  whldi 

I,  i^trjilihiiipjei^  he 

ptat 

h.  III 


'    rii    to    I  hi*    rnigill    of    ill  (J 

.  -  ■ .  I  d .  ■ . t ;  o  1 1  ■  I !-  s  ^ym : — By  w  It i>T u 
V  :  ^  .  ji  ivo  U*en  b«lh, 


if  not  by  the  Northmen  1  W#  bare  the 
reader  to  ftirnijib  an  anawer.  Witli 
Dlghton  Rock^  and  its  inerite  ai  a  runic 
m^rnorial^  we  oonfesa  to  a  shadow  of 
doubt.  Not  but  what  it  was  vmiad  and 
may  have  been  engraved  by  the  Viking, 
of  which  it  hear^  c video oa,  but  filrnply 
beoauae  its  chara^sters  partake  of  a  cryp- 
tographic iu determinate  fortn^  akin  Ut  no 
runic  symboi^  and  afibrdmg  no  evidenod 
of  verbal  coustructior^  being  lutof^ 
mingltid  and  coalesoent.  We  do  not 
queatjon  the  auihmimt^  of  theee  mono- 
gmiua;  we  mereij  consider  them  uneti* 
tilled  to  the  lofiy  character  of  arcbircA^ 
and  quite  aa  UidU  to  the  autiqnary  in 
tome  other  and  moro  humble  way. 
Again,  we  might  allude  to  the  skdcUin 
in  ttToior,  exhumed  sotnc  years  einoo  in 
the  vicluLty  of  Fall    Hiver,   Maas.,   as 

EointiBg  U)  a  Scandinavian  origin,  but, 
aving  followed  in  the  Ettopa  of  the  D^mish 
antiquarlefi,  antl  their  candor  allowing 
them  to  pjvmim  nothing,  and  compelling 
them  toprppe  everything,  their  inability 
to  ei press  a  positive  opinion  upon  thia 
subject,  must  enjoin  a  like  reserve  upon 
us.  In  tbis  connection,  it  may  not  seem 
amisa  to  incidon tally  nutice  the  Rciyal 
Society  of  Norther  u  Antiouariee,  to  which 
aolenceisso  deeply  indebted;  the  mure 
BO,  as  among  many,  their  labors  huvo 
not  found,  even  in  their  purelv  pliibut- 
thropic  ctiaracter,  immunity  nrum  the 
insatiate  arohery  uf  truculent  criticism* 
To  the  honor  df  American  mh^tmri^  be 
it  said,  this  ungenerous  treatment  hii 
found  few,  if  any,  imitalora  among  thaoif 
and  while  the  Jibes  and  Jean  d  aslf-ooii- 
oeited  igtiuruuoe  hnve  long  linoe  gravl- 
tatail  to  tliolr  a[iproprlate  level,  the 
socle  tj'«  labors  stand  nr^^atidnent  and 
unimpeached.  Itke  GalUeo  among  the 
oardtnaU.  There  Is  a  foal*hardy  prfr* 
iUtnpEion  manlfi>st  la  thia  impugnmeutiil 
the  Danish  Society — a  society  which  haa 
always  numbered  among  ita  active  mem* 
ben  th«  most  tminenl  and  tmstwortliy 
§aimm  of  tha  §§t^  tni  wbkk^  for  the  ai- 
tout  of  its  r^teirchea,  tha  prufhndlty  ot 
its  inveitlfatloaa,  tb«  cautlottsnera  m  ita 
tnovannenti,  the  amount  and  value  of  iti 
diaooveriai,  the  invaluable  abiraot^r  of 
ita  pubiloaiiomit  the  impon«ii«tt  of  USS. 
matirkl  prtMrvod.  tha  immanie  eoUa&* 
tion  of  articlee  illtistfitivd  of  anoieut 
uaanuers  and  I'Uitomi  aooumulated  :  in  a 
word,  by  the  li^cht  It  has  shed  ou 
aroh«»ological  ana  klndr^  purvuitj, 
stands  confessedly  at  the  head  uf  all  antl- 
qa»Han  sociattea  b  the  world.  It  will 
pivbahJy  b«  ^od  why,  if  these  loebindic 


Ha 


Th€  Fint  Di^CQUcrcn  of  AmrricQ. 


LNw 


H8S,  and  oontempofao^tia  <?hronicle8 
have  Ao  long  beoa  in  existanoe^  ttiey  should 
be,  compftratively  ei>eaki«^,  so  little 
known*  To  thU  w&  reply ^  that  it  is  an 
etroiieaiai  b^Uef,  and  thac^  if  they  have 
not  bdoome  more  familiJif  to  aa,  no  blame 
can  bd  Attached  to  the  Daukh  ar  8wediih 
aiiti<|Qarie*,  In  attestation  we  need  only 
refer  to  ForBter's  Northern  Voyages, 
KobertsoQ^a  Amarioa,  Belknap**  Ameri- 
can Biography,  Wheaton'e  History  of 
the  Northmen,  Pinkerton's  Colleotions, 
Crantz^  History  of  Green knd,  Pontop- 
pidan^s  Norway,  Halte  Bmn,  Haklny t,  all 
of  which  are  of  oouree  at  second  rate. 
While  among  those  who  may  be  sapj^osed 
to  hav«j  had  acceaa  to  the  oriji^nal  M88, 
we  may  cite  Am  grim  Jonahs  Penng^ 
kield,  Torfaeiis^  Sllbm,  Schoning,  Lag^r- 
bring,  JJormskioM,  Scliroeder  and  the 
editors  of  the  Antiqaitatoa  Americans. 
It  wrmld  seem  that  Torfaens,  whoae 
work  has  fiirniahed  tho  basis  of  mo^t 
modern  compiktionii  npon  t(j©  early  db- 
coveries  in  America,  was  not  aware  of 
the  ©;ii*tcnce  of  tlje  MSS.  syiga  of  Thor- 
fiaa  Karla^fne.  Prof.  Rafn  consulted 
five  otljer  MSS,  of  different  ages,  all 
which  agreed  in  their  accounts  of  this 
bistorj,  and  he  and  hifl  co- laborer^ 
thereupon,  caused  its  insertion  in  their 
volume.  It  has  been  a  common  error  to 
imp{K>se^  that  tlie  whole  theory  of  the 
Mte-Oolambiaa  di sec:? very  rested  npon 
aaiogle  passage  in  the  ileimsknngla  of 
Bnorri  Sturkson,  and  that  an  interp&laUd 
ene ;  when,  in  fact,  Kafn  presents  us 
with  extracts  from  eighteen  authors, 
chiefly  Icelandic,  several  of  whom  tK)n* 
tain  detailed  aoconnta,  and  all  of  them 
allusions,  to  these  western  royag^i 
Btnrleaon,  who  was  distinguished  aa  a 
historian,  and  received  the  appellation 
of  the  Northern  Hyrodr^tus,  in  hk  gre#it 
work,  entitled  Heimskringia  (a  chroalclo 
of  tho  kings  of  Norway)  could  not  legi- 
timately detail  par  lien  lars  of  tlie  dis- 
coveries in  America,  m  part  of  the  ret 
ff^tm  of  the  Norwegian  dynasties; 
though  there  is  a  passage  in  which  dift* 
tiaet  mention  h  mado  of  V inland,  and 
of  Leif^s  voyage  thither.  A  Swedkh 
Mebolar,  Penngskioldj  in  his  edition  of 
Sturleson^a  work,  made  a  tranaeript  from 
the  original  MBS,  records  of  ihoeo  dis- 
coveries, and  embodied  it  in  the  teit; 
Schoning,  in  hie  edition  of  the  Helm- 
skiingla,  ptibliihed  in  ITTT,  rejected 
Pering*kiold''s  interpolated  version,  and 
i  user  ted    Paul    Vidalin^ti.     We    submit 


whether  these  interpolations  ar©  necm* 
sarily    Jahrimtwiw^  and    whether   Mijl 
graver  charge  than  that  of  nuaplacemen^j 
©an  be  nrged  against    them.     But   th«  [ 
Heimskringla  is  not  the  authority  upon  I 
which  the  ante-Oohimbian  theory  mn«^  j 
Bbmd  or  fall.    For  the  auLhorttiea  for  ' 
theae  discoveries  are  more  ancient  even, 
and  in  no  wise  lees  anthentie,  though  dis- 
tinct from  tlieae  chroniclos  of  the  kinga  i 
of  Norway.    Sturleson^a  Chronicle  wnJiJ 
compiled  sometime  between  the    yearmj 
123D  and  li4L  in  the  latter  of  whieb  hoi 
wafi  gldn.     Whereas  Prof.  Rafn  pre^senti 
ns  With  eicerpts  from  Uie  Landn^miib0k 
and  M^dinga^h  of  AH  hinm  /Vwf# 
(Ari  the  Wi«eX  a  learned  Icelandic  i 
clcsiastio,  bom  in  the  year  1057^  in  whic 
very  eitended  notlceii  eiist  of  the  Soaop'l 
diaavian  voyages  to  Greenland  and  Vin^l 
laud,     Ari^s    Annals    extend    from    tli»| 
latter  part  of  the  ninth  to  the  beginning | 
of  the  twelfth  oentnHes,  and  inckde  thdl 
most  important  events  connecttjd   wTthj 
the  settleTnent  of  Iceland,  the  discovert  J 
of  Greenland  and  the  introduction  of  | 
Ohristianity** 

But  the  moat  coitolusiv©j  latiffmctorftj 
and    nnim  peach  able   antboHty    vilaiit|| 
one  against  whom  not  even  the  weak  J 
nesa  of  national  pride  can  be  urged,  fo|«l 
he  waa  not  an  Icelander^  had  never  visitfl 
ed  Icelandj  and  could  hove  becTi      *     *  d 
by  no  motives  of  sectional  g\i 
is  Adam,  CAnon  of  Bremen,  \vi,..  * 
an   ecclciiiastical     history    in    the   ye 
1075.    He   informs  ns   that,  wMle 
a  misfion  in  the  North,  for  the  pn  _ 
gatlon  of  Obristiatiity,  he  waa  entertatiie 
at  the  court  of  Sveyn  Ethrithson,  Kin 
of  Denmark,  who  informed  him  of  thj 
diflcorary    of   Yinland.     "The    king,* 
says  the  learned  eccksiastic,  ^^  also  madAl 
mention  of  another  region  discovered  la] 
the  Northern  Ocean ^  which   had 
visited  by  many  people,  and  wm  calk*^! 
Wmeland,  beeanse  grapes  that  prodnce  iJ 
very  good  wine,  grow  there  spoiitan*.»ont 
ly ;  corn  also  grows  there  without  mw^ 
ing,  iti  great  abundance;'*  and  cmpha 
tically    adds,    "we    know  this  not    bi 
fabu!ou!j  hearBay^  hot  from  auth'^'f'' 
m'U'ntB  fumuhid  by  Danet.^^  f 
Vital is^  who  also  lived  in  tlie   ...    .      t 
ceatary,  and  dtiring  part  of  tho  twelfib, 
and    wrote    an     ei^elesiastlcal     ht^t^^rT, 
makes  eaanal  allui^ion  tri  Yinland  and  \U 
situation*     Humboldt     aays^    th.it     the 
geographer  Oriclias  was  the  iRn^t  vvhi«, 
in   1S70,  announoe<l  to    the  world  the 


•  Wli«»toq*i  HltiaTf  oi  the  NvUim^  p,  99. 


t  ^tia  BT«]i>eii«li  itt  vtttt  D^tilm^e.  4#8. 


,1834.] 


The  Fint  DUcm^erwi  of  Ammea. 


4M 


ifUft  dlfMSOvery  of  America. 
'  tJtm  nntnerooa  dciiEloQa  altmt$f 
'«  OAH  hftrdlj  tikim  attention 
kicijnr,  nadef  «ith«r  the  plea  of  aeoaidlisr 
<r  atmontttmtioo*  Opoti  a  §Qt^}«oi  like 
Il(lti  it  U  cdctremc'ly  dittkult  to  fcjiow 
whia,  axul  whem  lu  pati^,  fiir,  iriowed 
tft  ito  r«)ftti«.»u  to  liblory^  it  acquircg  a 
tiiMpilllide«  which  eiActs  a  o^^rro^poud- 
taw  «st«Diilf0  doTdopmoot  m  itA  du- 
flOHioii,  B&d  whi»Q  imnruw^d  down  to  th& 
aiMbk  IbniidAtloD  of  a  tnjtli^  it  lo««9 
lotll  Sd*fitlQr  and  import.  We  bare 
tfWita4  fl  in  llmt  nmoner,  whidi,  wiiile 
It  ifgood  ra^poct  for  its  charftct^^r,  wonld^ 
OS  tbat  teiKiQiitf  iJ^rd  ii4»  the  freer  icope 
Ibr  M^jw;  and  tbd  coDcIuHion  to  wbich 
baire  arrired,  baa  been  donblf 
[Uieiied  bj  ibe  t^fleotiaD,  tJiAtit  60^ 
with  the  ti&DOtloTi,  and  ezpree#es 
thi  Opinion  of  tlie  mfljoritj  of  mudern 
bittofuyi^  Manikind,  in  geQerol,  Are  too 
«^  to  loeifttirt  wortli  by  tlie  fickle 
MaadArdii  of  popokritj  and  snooe:^  Rud 
to<i  littlo  iQeUoed  to  look  beyond  the 
horii*i[i  ot  ft  cberiabed  pr^udkie.  That 
tbU  bArriof  eubsUU  between  the  publjo 
mind  and  the  eotertaiumeDt  of  any 
IM&t  in  ante-Col  a  I  lib  tan  diflooreriea, 
uphI  be  reltiGtaiitiy  eonfe^aed.  We  bave 
tSl  been  taagbt  to  bdtere  tliat  Goluinbua 
dm^9fr^  AmeHoa.  From  earlieat  cliUd- 
bood  opwardii  in  icbool  and  oat,  tbia 
hm  b%m  meg  in  our  oai^.  It  ia  not  to 
be  dstelcd,  tliereibre,  that  a  belief  thus 
«iilTWeloited  can  be  easily  dispellei!, 
fathom  beoomd  almost  a  tmism.  Nor 
mm  v»  cMoit  to  noUoe  that  prevalent 
wnir,  wbleb  pkces  a  low  osti^naie  upon 
tfa»  ebanuter  of  the  Icehmdio  Mffti, 
Aom  tbe  lappoeiiion  of  tliek  being  mtre 
blggnentf  of  bardie  htoratnrc,  the  tlr^t 
ill#inpta  of  illiterate  men  at  coin|xwita)ii, 
obMiim  in  meaning,  and  itttte  to  he  de- 
yaodad  npom^  wnen,  in  ytith,  thete 
■anil  were  written  by  men  distingtiiflhod 
f^vwlltkmf  and  living  aiuid  a  Uoumh- 
liif  litamtnro.  But  tbe  paramount  ob* 
ImIoq,  afk«r  ali,  to  tbe  truth  of  gcandi- 
Mvlm  dkmrmry^  «ecms  to  spring  from 
ibt  loMiftafia  of  ita  circnmatanoea  and 


reeulta.  Tlie  narratirea  of  the  Nortlimen 
are  too  brii'f  nud  atau^trcal,  in  a  word^ 
they  are  t«n  -  '  '  '  i  o&ing.  They  give 
Hi  no  detail  oarea  aad  anxieties^ 

of  ibe  diliiL'Mhuif-^^  hankhip9^  diHa^tefs^ 
and  diatrvseet  which  they  underwent,  to 
harrow  up  onr  feelings,  and  awnken  our 
aympftthies.  For  them,  minstrelay  lias 
not  been  warmed  into  tributary  en^ 
coniiuni,  nor  gentle  dames  moved  umo 
teara.  Kor  vielle,  nor  rebeck,  nor  liaqiHr 
have  tliriJled  tlie  llvteuing  throng  fvlth 
pB^m  in  ibeir  behalf,  nor  ecclottaatical 
praiae  ohannted  a  To  Denm  over  their 
triomplia,  nor  be^d^  proelaitned  thctr 
feaia  at  every  Ohn*tian  court  Knde 
men  they  doubtl^s  were,  \Mm  in  an 
iron  age,  and  little  ^^  trainad  to  deeda  of 
tender  eourteaj,"  yet  abonoding  in 
valor  and  daring*  Ouurting  dangem, 
braving  hardfdiip*,  overcoming  oljeUwlea, 
ahriukiug  from  no  peril*)  however  great^ 
and  no  eotuM>ijuenoee  however  fataL 
WtUi  minda  full  of  courage,  and  heartf 
M\  of  faiUj,  Ihey  boldly  lannche<l  th«ir 
barka  upon  an  nnicnown,  trackleaa  tea, 
venturing  upon  it«  virgin  waters  without 
eompaea,  or  quadmntp  or  charts  llieir 
only  guide  the  atarv^  by  night;  by  day, 

■*  Th«  Hio  la  Ml  imEiaiiodM  tixu  ,** 

Who  then  ahall  sa^  that  Eirek,  and  Tbor- 
finn,  and  Ueriulr,  all  of  *"  honourable 
Hnenge,^*  fitting  as  ponipoua  thanes  in 
their  mead-ttallH,  luid  indulging  in  nn- 
atuiled  oom]H>tutioua  with  their  peera^ 
may  not  fuivc  ti resented  m  dtiCinguiahed 
excmplam  tif  their  own  age,  aa  tbe  more 
eotirtly  D^  Ganiaa,  Corte  Beaja,  and 
Yerazxaria  of  a  later  day,  TUne  can 
never  cffii^  merit,  ihough  it  may  impair 
the  cjualiiy  of  ita  aspect,  and  while  we 
niUHt  ever  consider  Columbus  aa  the  trot 
herald  of  weArern  civilisation,  the  fatbir 
of  a  now  era  in  htsttorr — the  founder  of 
our  Anuiricttii  eyde,  ciarum  tt  tm^tm^Ug 
mtTJimx  ll  in  tukiug  nothing  from  hia  real 
glory  to  Bay,  that  the  bold  Soandinavian 
fea-rovora  precoded  him  in  the  diaoovery 
of  Aiuerina, 


470  pSToT. 


CUPID   AND   THE   WASP. 

pXJPID  one  day  unyoked  his  sparrows, 

v^  And  then  sat  down  to  mend  his  arrows. 

First,  on  the  grass  beside  a  brook, 

He,  from  his  golden  qniver,  shook 

A  sight  to  see  of  broken  darts. 

The  sad  resnlt  of  oallons  hearts : 

There's  many  a  heart  as  hard  's  a  whin-stone ; 

Onpid  as  well  might  shoot  a  grindstone. 

All  these  his  arrows  he  inspected ; 

Some  he  retained  and  some  rejected ; 

Replaced  the  splintered  and  the  stunted, 

And  tipped  the  battered  and  the  blnnted, 

Till,  having  trimmed  them  to  a  tittle, 

He  shot  and  pat  away  his  whittle ; 

When,  casting  down  a  random  look 

To  the  wet  margin  of  the  brook. 

He  saw  a  wasp,  the  qniverings 

Of  whose  steel-oolored  back  and  wing.^ 

Most  unmistakably  displayed 

Him  working  at  the  mason's  trade. 

Then,  with  a  gesture  courteous, 

Oupia  addressed  the  insect  thus : 

"My  interesting  friend,'*  said  he, 
"A  very  grave  necessity 
Prompts  me  politely  to  adJIress 
News  of  extreme  unpleasant Dess 
Directly  to  your  private  ear : 
You  know  how  very,  very  dear 
My  Psyche  is — how  I  adore  her, 
And  set  no  other  Nytnnh  before  her. 
.  I  love  her  very  tenderly, 
And  she  is  just  as  fond  of  me — 
A  creature  full  of  jSutterings, 
One  of  the  timidest  of  thingi; — 
And  you  must  also  know  that  soon 
She  will  be  here,  this  afternoon, 
To  pick  a  lily  for  her  tresseti 
And  interchange  a  few  caresses ; 
But  if  her  eye  should  find  you  here. 
The  efifect  of  it  I  truly  fear. 
Therefore,  the  surer  to  prevent 
Any  unpleasant  accident — 
While,  solemnly,  I  do,  and  shall 
Disclaim  all  grudges,  personal — 
Tou  must  perceive  that  it  is  best 
I  should  respectfuUy  request 
That  you  would  quickly  say  your  prayers, 
For — to  explain  it  in  a  breath— 
You  must  at  once  be  put  to  death." 
Thus  having  spoken,  unawares 
He  let  his  truest  arrow  fly. 
Killing  the  hapless  wasp  thereby. 

Scarce  had  he  done  the  wanton  deed. 
And  in  hia  quiver  stored  the  reed, 
When  Psyche  came,  along  the  brook 
Wading,  with  many  a  forward  look— 


1864.]  Cupid  and  the   Wasp.  471 

With  pallid  feet,  and  gathered  dress, 

A  little  cloud  of  lovehnefls. 

DowQ  on  the  bank  they  sat  together, 

Happy  as  birds  in  sammer  weather. 

Psyche  was  foil  of  languishment ; 

Bat  Cupid,  not  so  innocent, 

Devising  wily  fraudful  harm, 

Laid  the  dead  wasp  on  Psyche^s  arm. 

She,  with  a  marvellous  quickness,  took 

The  hue  of  marble  in  her  look ; 

Distracted,  even  to  desperation,     . 

She  ran  and  screamed  with  oonstern^on, 

At  which  her  rascal  of  a  lover 

Bolted  into  a  dump  of  clover. 

Venus,  who  was  not  fiur  away, 
Hearing  what  Psyche  had  to  say. 
Came  down  and  beat  the  grass  about, 
And  found  the  little  villain  out 
A  sprig  of  mvrtle,  then,  she  peeled, 
And  seized  the  youngster  rosy-heeled : 

*«Come  out  of  this,  you  little  god. 
Richly  you  have  deserved  the  rod  I 
Ton  naughty,  naughty,  naughty,  pet, 
You  have  deserved  what  vou  will  getl'* 
f  Cupid  protested,  begged,  besought  her 

Not  to  inflict  the  switches  torture ; 
By  turns  he  straggled,  screamed,  and  kicked  her, 
B^  turns  he  blessed  and  cursed  her  picture. 
Till,  seeing  the  Queen  resolved  to  tutor. 
At  last  he  swore  outright  he^d  shoot  her; 
Yet  none  the  less,  did  she  apply 
All  of  the  pain  and  penalty. 


THE   MORAL. 

Now  listen.  Reader,  to  a  serious  truth : 

Why  has  true  love  so  often  gone  amies, 

That  one  has  said:  ^4t  never  did  run  smooth?*' 

He  gives  his  reasons — wan  and  sicknesses — 

Friends  interposing — age  mbmatched  with  youth — 

Bloods  feudal— these  have  made  a  deal  of  ruth 

In  many  a  lover*s  Paradise  of  bliss. 

Our  fable  shows  another  reason  still : 

Passionate  love  too  fierce  and  fiery  is, 

To  keep  tlie  bounds  of  reason  and  good  will ; 

Its  lofticHt  rapture  treads  the  verge  of  woe ; 

Passionate  love  doth  sometimes  kiss  and  kill ; 

"  Therefore,  love  moderately ;  long  love  doth  so  " — 

As  the  good  friar  said  to  Romeo. 


4^2 


pfof. 


RAMBLES  OVEE  THE  HE.VLMS  OF  VERBS  AKD  mJBSTANTn^ES. 


BAHBLS    fIRiT. 


PSIFAR&TOBY. 


IN  the  sQcoeeding  aeriea  of  philologio 
papera,  It  is  our  purpose  to  rarabl©. 
Now,  take  notice,  we  giire  fair  wjiru- 
mg  ibut  sucli  is  our  iotentr— <inr  deaiffu 
U  formed  with  malice  prepense.  We 
have  no  notion  of  plodding  through 
the  entire  j 00 rney  oti  too  <3usty  highwaj, 
ef'en  though  it  hare  the  advaotflge  of 
being  the  MraigUt  and  established  pail). 
Often  will  we  vanlt  over  the  fenoe  (of 
rigid  forms),  and  away  through  tlia 
fields,  hat  io  hand,  after  sotne  gay  ety* 
mologlo  botterflyj  or  lonely  wander 
mid — 

**Tht  loteUtfttjIe  forro*  *f  hn^tat  poetf, 
Tbt  Ai^lr  lEQtiiAnitl€»  tttoH  TtUgion^ 
The  poweft  'f>*=  beauty,  ana  iht?  m^Jatf , 
Tbtt  bkTe  the  It  hji^untx  la  dale  «r  plJ»f  mountftLaif 
Or  foreit,  bj  i^ow  atrenni  or  jrtbbl j  fprlDf , 
Or  chMma  ^nd  ir»t*r7  dvplha  "- 

Or,  with  runic  spell^  evoke  the  pa^a 
wanderers  from  their  grairta  in  the 
viiionary  Eld,  But,  while  we  jntead 
making  digrefislona  (di-gredior,  i.  *»  step- 
ping aside),  we  irii^it  never  to  get  out  of 
sight  of  the  eternal  blue  empyrean. 

This  seience  of  Philology  that  is  now 
working  a  radical  revolution  in  every 
domain  of  lite  rat  ore,  is  to  be  regarded  as 
nlmoat  exclusively  the  offspring  of  our 
own  fecund  nineteenth  era,  and  the  few 
years  preeeiling.  Lencography  proper 
h  but  a  century  old  j  for  exactly  one 
hdndred  years  ago  Samnel  Johnson  pub- 
lished hi^H,  for  the  timesi^  estraordinarj 
dictiormrj.  Previous  to  that  perioo, 
**  there  was,"  as  hue  himself  remarks, 
**  wherever  one  turned  his  attention, 
complexity  to  be  disentangled,  and  con- 
fUi*ion  to  be  regulated ;  choice  was  to  be 
umdo  out  of  boundless  variety,  without 
any  established  prineiplea  of  selection ; 
adulterations  were  to  he  detected,  with- 
out any  settled  teat  of  purity ;  and  modes 
of  expression  to  bo  rejected  or  receiTcd, 
without  the  suffrages  of  any  writers  (?) 
of  clofisical  reputation  or  acknowledged 
authority.*' 

A  rare  old  tracts  written  by  Biihop 
HuUshlnaon^  and  published  the  eariy  port 
of  lait  century,  presenta  us  with  a  most 
vividly  lugnbrions  picture  of  the  state 
of  philology  ttien,  and  the  appliances  for 
the  etudjr  of  the  English  hinguage.    We 


quote  (capitals^  italics,  and  a]l):  "We 
have  no  Grammnr  of  it  (the  Engli^li 
tongue)  that  is  taught  in  any  School  ihat 
we  over  beard  of.  We  have  no  gi*oil 
I}ktianary  to  bring  it  into  Method ^  with 
an  aecount  of  tS©  Derivations,  and 
several  Sense*  and  Uae«  of  Word&,  Wo 
have  no  Cul^ection  of  its  Idiome^  PAraee*^ 
and  right  Use  of  its  Particlts?.  The 
Instructors  of  our  Youth  care  not  to 
trouble  themseh'©9  with  it;  our  Clergy 
think  it  doth  not  belong  to  their  Care, 
thougfj  it  be  the  true  Key  of  Knowl^'dg*.*. 
Our  Umverdtiet  suffer  it  not  to  \m 
epoken  in  their  Schools  and  Theatrei; 
nor  hatli  any  Patron  of  Learning  pro- 
vided one  single  Professor,  who  should 
tarn  his  Though te  and  Oare  towards 
that,"  Kow,  thisa  is  assuredly  bad 
enough;  but,  before  we  qott  the  good 
old  Bishop,  let  us  e^  how  be  propcnep 
to  supply  the  deficit.  **^  When  we  shall 
have  a  good  Grammar,  made  plain  for 
the  Purpose,  and  Mitatets  are  a  little 
used  to  it,  I  do  not  ee^  but  that  either 
Singitiif  or  Daneinff  or  Ffiflri^ -Maaters 
may  teach  it  t<:)  eiiher  Sex  in  three 
months*"  O,  thon  Genius  f*f  Philology^^ — 
Singing  or  Writing  or  Da/uri^i^-Masters ! 

The  very  object  of  tlie  adifsce  was 
mistaken, 

^"^  Philology f""^  saj  the  Eneyclopffidifla 
of  a  few  years  ago — "A  ecieooe,  or  istber 
u'^eTublf^  of  several  sdenc^s^  i>oniJMing 
of  grammar,  rhet<iric^  poetry,  aDtiqui* 
tia»«,  history  and  criticism.  Philology  it 
a  kind  of  universal  literature,  conversant 
about  all  the  eciencesj  their  rise^  pti^ 
gresa,  authors,  etc.  It  makes  what  the 
French  call  the  Belks-ktiret,  In  the 
UulverBitiea  it  i^  called  HnmanitieSb'* 
Ft  pr<Bt€ra^  nihil !  And  Uiua,  by  a 
species  of  all -embracing  generalisaticD, 
it  WAS  made  to  include  the  omm  aethUs 
of  letters  and  philosophy*  Even  the 
famous  Die tionn a i rede  rAca<^  i- 

faise  definea  philology  to  be  '  -^'i 

ffui  emhrasse  diverat^B  pitrtits  tie*  heilt^- 
htfres^  et  pTintipalemeni  la  eritiquey 

Now,  however,  we  have  come  Wk  to 
the  true  Grecian  reception  of  the  Acieuc^ 
&a  the  love  and  study  of  np&rd*.  A 
brighter  day  has  dawned  for  it;  and  it  \M 
be^nniog  to  unfold  »ome  of  ita  gloriont 
capabilities,  and  splendidly  ilioatrating 
many  a  hitlierto  dark  corner  in  the 
world' s  hit tory. 


I 


I 

i 


mcr  thi  Meaimt  of  Verbs  and  Suhstanlivu, 


473 


W#  b«vo  DO  detiro  to  eriUT  inU)  the 

Mi^oofc  of  tlu»  origiti  of  kngaogu  ttnil 
oclier  mdl  sp^ulAtioEis— fur  our  d^^^iiii^n 
JBm  In  ASkoth^  field— but  it  is  ^bsoluwly 
lli4t«|i«lUAl»1«  thjit  wo  recall  m  fisw 
clMiiiri«s  ftud  mm^  edUbliilied  pnuciplos 
on  lh»  tobji^t,  If  we  would  at  all  riMi  lo 

Cm]  Tidw*  of  iy  philcMO|>hy.  Wo 
%  ih»a^  m  oDo  tlimry  of  the  origin 
vi  1iiigiiig«^  til  at  wlVkch  i(icalcat€9  it  ui 
bijiig  tiw  iuiiti«diato  gift  of  the  Deity ; 
ttKi  tli«fi(  AM  antithetlod  to  that  (since 
lhi»  poW  of  nil  pbilowij^fhers  ftfo  anti* 

of  LovbthaD  Ilobbes.  Tli<s8e  wd 
*r?  ftlttle,  dissigtimg  no  dis^uaMion^ 
,  lodeed,  the  gre^ii  danger  of  error  iq 
ill  CBob  theotiai,  i»  Frederick  Von  Schle- 
gd  «r«ll  obwrveas,  li^  in  the  attempt  at 
iIm  wxyXicAU^u  of  all  the  iui measurable 
fleiitias  of  the  phenomena  of  laDguage 
in  geikmlf  bj  any  mnffk  bypoth^is^  or 
Um  dertf  Ing  ibein  from  any  Qne  orlgizL 
Wt  ^mnot|  Itoweveri  leave  tbk  part 
of  our  •object  witbont  presenting  ihe 
nail«r  with  a  bHer  a<9ooUQt  of  Dr.  Alex- 
ander Mnm.y%  theory  af  the  formaiion 
of  language— a«  an  example  of  the  utmost 
•Cretoli  at  parwijiit^fi  tu  whidi  an  empiri- 
All  lihOoeophy  t^mld^  ui  iIua  difeetiuiif 
•ItiUl,  I]#  i*  ao  facile  and  off-haad  in 
Mm  MQoitot  of  the  mtdm  f^rmmndi  of 
tollgpitgfti  tbat  one  wonld  ittppaee  he  was 
fMjhr  ptmmi  tberat.  ll  b  in  hie  rather 
smlmlMtt  ^Eiitory  of  £iira|t«aD  l^n* 
pm^m^^  that  ba  mmn  na  with  iU  de- 
viW^aCDL  The  bnrden  of  th(»  book  is 
tlisK  ih^  following  ntna  words  are  the 
Ibqajbtiqoi  of  kngnigt : 

I.  U,  Wif  *  Unf . 

a.  lAf .  En^i. 

T.  B{«c.  HUNT, 

t.  iwftff] 

BiWgiiti^Ily  InmtDotii,  and  aa  phOo- 
abo  I  On  tliU  found  ati  on  he  do- 
^Aa  edlHoa  bai  been  erected  of  a 
fnoTi  nmM  (7)  and  more  wonderflil 
{Q.£.0,n  kind  than  any  whtch  have 
•ItfUJaid  btmittn  inifenmty.  They  were 
it*tf«d,  it  flnut,  and  probably  for  aeveral 
^m&rmam^  In  in  loaiilited  man  ner.  The 
dreii^palaaoai  oi  tlie  aodonti  wore  oom- 
aaakitcd  bj  efgju  and  tbe  variable  tooi» 


of  the  rotcc ;  hut  tho  actiona  tbaraaelTaa 
were  ciprcft*ud  by  tlmr  suitable  mono- 
j»y liable.^'  And  to  pintle  tlii^  primitiT« 
lihivertal  lani^uagi%  inaatti)  mom  dUimot 
lighti  he  telb  ua  that  '*  Hag  Wj^;^^  meant 
hrinff  «af*r ;  ^^Bo^  1^%  ^^i*  tbtj 
tougkt  very  nmch*  And  mcU  he  oon- 
siders  "  aa  a  StJHt,  and  nut  an  imaghiaiy 
ipedmen    of    the    earliest    artieulated 

A  very  got^id  tpei^itnen,  indeed,  we  oon- 
CMslve  it  ut  be  of  the  extniTagant  length 
to  wUieh  htisttly -adopted  d  priori  rea^n- 
ing  will  eoodiiet ;  but  of  aQythtn^  elsai  i 
very  dei^iJedlj  bad  specimen.  The  fact 
ii*  that,  a  priori^  we  know  jti^t  a*  much 
About  tiie  gf^tieiib  m  we  do  about  the 
e3:odu3  of  iMiguage^and  ^im[>tj  nothing 
of  either.  And^  in  trntb,  tbe  modify- 
ing circunutaneea  in  the  mechanijstn  of 
a  langtiage  are  ao  numerous  and  bo  com  - 
plicated  as  to  blow  into  sbivera  the  finest- 
epnii  and  most  elaborately^ woven  snppo- 
attitionB  aystem  of  speedi-derelofrmeitt. 
We  have  no  example  of  a  language  in 
exactly  ita  purk  naiurmlihus  (flg4eaf- 
apron  state);  so  that  every  pceition  wa 
lake  in  philology  otlier  than  that  which 
matbcmaiicianj}  call  tbe  seteUo,  most  be 
hypothetical.  This  " preaent editor"  hat 
faith  in  tbe  development  of  a  syitem  of 
philosophy  profounder  by  far  than  the 
Baconian ^but  yet  he  b  ako  convinced 
thai,  in  tbe  present  relatiomi  of  thingt, 
the  careful  investigation  of  actual  facte 
and  phenomena  will  lead  to  more  aatia* 
factory  and  more  splendid  re«nlta  than 
any  mere  hypoth<»ia,  brilllapt  though  it 
be.  And  this  as  well  in  philology  aa  in 
pbynca, 

&nr  gn»t  modern  inaat«r  pldlolo^ 
riati  iU  rmgatae  this  priuoipb;  and  tu 
m  handa  of  auch  scholart  ia  Adelttag, 
Yater,  Bopp,  J.  GHmm,  WUMiiaoQ, 
Goatbe,  Von  ilmnboldt,  the  8cM^^ 
Bavigny,  0,  Kitterf  Kopitcr,  and  otSieiii, 
It  ba^  gi¥en  birib  Uv  results  HvaUing  In 
gbry  the  meat  mugnitioent  discoraHoa  in 
the  realmi  of  Nature.  A  ObampoUioa 
ha«i  arijien  to  reeall  from  the  dead  Paai  a 
buried  [H>v!gile  arid  a  buHa<l  tongue -^f«» 
conAtmcting  a  tennoua  ihadow  into  a 
living  ipirit ;  and  not  bv  the  eieroifte  of 
ImaginatloOf  bat  by  patient  uid  aO0ara£a 
redearoh,  filing  to 

*  Am  tJttf  ifMiiiii 

A  iMel  IwiHlaWtw  «a4  ft  ihm«.** 

And  io»  too,  at  t!*e  prceent  day— a  Gbota 


4U 


Eamhks  over  the  Emhm  of  Verhi  and  Substanthei. 


and  a  Niebuhr  have  almost  revised  pri- 
meval Greeet>  and  Rome ;  and  now  the 
liith<3rto  cltju<l -involved  '*  Gorgeous  East," 
tliftt  birth-plaoe  of  peoples,  aad  tongues, 
Bud  faiths,  is  being  forced  to  render  tip 
her  eroboaoraed  nijalieriei;  the  sphinx- 
riddle  19  being  read;  riddle-readers  are 
there  on  the  gmiind^  to  ^^erpoQnd  the 
runes  in  tlie  native  laod  of  Runic  lore''— 
Dd  from  crjpts  and  saroophagi,  and 
Red  tetpploH,  arid  gorgeous*  pabce^f  the 
"linried  trea-iures  of  barbaric  art  are  being 
brtivight  forth  to  the  light  of  daj,  and  to 
tha  eagle  gUooe  of  investigation,  and  are 
bdnf  caused  to  read  a  story  that  extends 
awaj  down  to  the  bosom  of  the  antiqae 
by-gone.  While  on  the  subjeoli  of  the 
East,  it  may  be  w^  for  us  to  recall  what 
it  will  be  absolutely  neoeasary  that  we 
keep  contionallj?'  before  our  mdnds  in  all 
our  researches  into  the  chronology  and 
the  philosophy  of  langnngij — namely,  that 
all  races  and  their  tongnea  find  their  ulti- 
mate home  in  Asia^  The  reeogniiion  of 
this  very  principle  has  created  a  revolu- 
tion  in  philology;  for  wo  are  too  apt  to 
look  at  tlie  families  of  man  in  their  scat- 
terings and  their  isolations,  instead  of 
viewing  them  in  their  old  primal  home 
— which  home  is  nndoubtedly  to  be  found 
on  the  banks  of  some  of  the  great  Asiatic 
rivers*  Thence^  by  diverge  a  cies  north- 
ward and  southward,  eastward  and  west- 
ward, they  have  come  to  inhabit  every 
latittide  and  people  every  shore. 

The  legitimate  result  of  the  prodigions 
amount  of  d  po^Uri&ri  invesdgation  on 
almoet  every  province  of  human  eon- 
sciousneas,  has  been  to  drive  us  from 
nearly  every  formerly-received  d  priori 
theory,  Inatanoe  the  sciences  of  Astro- 
nomy and  Geology^  or  the  subject  we 
liave  at  present  on  hand,  ¥or  eJcample, 
it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  former 
theory,  that  held  Greek  to  be  the  parent 
of  the  Latin,  has  been  coinpl^^tely  dis* 
proved;  and  now,  instead  of  eatablishing 
thi»  relatioueJiip  between  them,  we  know 
that  the  latter  is  bnt  a  younger  sister  of 
the  former^  and  that  tliey  find  a  common 
parentage  in  their  mother,  the  Sanscrit 
— the  faithful  parent  of  so  many  dialects. 
Kow,  not  only  does  tJiere  obtain  an  inti- 
mate connection  between  the  Greek  and 
Latin  and  the  Sanscrit,  b tit  all  the  very 
nnmeroui  Gothio  or  Teutonic  tongues 
have  a  close  analog  therewith ;  and  the 
widespread  branch  of  Indo-Germanic  dia- 
lects is  clearly  referred  to  the  great  Ori- 
ental gentalogical  tree.    Thns,  between 


nations  the  most  diverse  and  locally  dis- 
tant, there  exists  a  close  acuity  and 
atfiliation ;  and  the  gentile  kinships  that 
ftre  sometimes  educed  arc  such  as  to 
astonish  one  who  is  not  prepared  tor  any 
wonder.  What  will  be  the  result  when 
the  development  of  Qlossoloi^  and  Com- 
parative Philology  have  had  ^eir  perfeet 
work;  when,  instead  of  scattered  leavers 
and  twigs,  and  branches,  w©  sliall  have 
the  genealog^oal  tree  of  the  hnman  faniily 
and  its  languages,  in  all  the  symmetry  of 
its  unity,  with  its  roots  reaching  de*p 
down  to  the  kingdoms  of  yore,  and  lis 
ramifications  world-wide— we  are  unable 
to  determine ;  but  assuredly  it  will  even- 
tuate in  the  evolution  of  a  :fiir  more  pro- 
found and  far  more  perfect  science  of  Eth- 
nography and  philosophy  of  history  than 
an  V  we  as  yet  have. 

Tlie  langnagea  of  Eorope  are  g^ierally 
referred  to  three  great  families,  via, :  the 
Keltic,GermaIlic^and  Sclavonic  ;*and  thus 
these  linguistic  divisions  correspond  with 
the  three  great  races  who— in  tiielr  many 
o^hoots — and  at  different  ©pochs^have 
peopled  the  whole  of  Enrope.  We  would 
have  it  distinctly  noted,  however,  that 
these  divisions — which  arc  by  no  m«ana 
abB&lute — have  a  reference  merely  lodl 
and  chronological,  that  is  to  say,  they 
stand  for  the  three  great  streams  ot 
population  who,  at  sucoes&ive  periods, 
migrated  from  Asia  and  settled  in  En- 
rope; — ^tbe  origin  being  one,  albeit  the 
diaicotic,  idiomatic,  and  linguistic  diver- 
sities be  infinite.  Their  geographic  po- 
sition most  clearly  points  to  the  relative 
epcKshs  of  their  entrance  into  Europe; 
thus,  we  have  the  Keltic  race  diffiising 
itself  (or  driven!)  over  the  extreme 
western  portions;  the  Gothic  or  Ten- 
tonic — ^the  second  stream — occupying  the 
central  oonntriea  of  Enrope ;  and,  lastly, 
the  Sclavonic^  which  inhabits  the  e«stem 
parts.  Of  these  glottic  groups,  wo  have 
to  do,  immediately,  only  with  the  Me^nd; 
and  this  only  to'  remind  yon  that  the 
race  to  wtnch  wa  belong— the  Baion— 
is  one  of  the  subdivisions  und^r  this  great 
Tentomo  family  of  races.  Thni,  per- 
chance,  onr  ancestors  dwelt  on  the  Gan- 
ges, skirted  the  Caspian  Sea^  and  crossed 
the  Ural  raountiuns;  traversed  the  im- 
mense tra(-*ts  of  Ru=dia  and  cen trial  Ed- 
rope,  dwelt  in  the  German  for^stx  rnled 
in  Bntannia,  and,  through  ;  '     the 

world.    There  pulsates  wit;  cn^ 

some  of  the  Berperkir  rage  ^^  ^^^^  ;  i^^* 
ingr — (and  are  not  traces  of  it  at  timet 


I 


*  See  U&Uel'i  Hartbtrii  A£itl<iniile»,  ud  Tcimer^t  &jiL  Acigla»9«m9i»«. 


i^L 


Mamhiet  opir  ihe  lUtdmi  of  Virbi  ami  SttbxtantiPH. 


47$ 


ike»r«iM«  m  John  Bull  aii<1  Brothft 
laflilf  te  nor  T«iiia  »  «h4»-o  of 

loi  iMf ,  with  tctlenbljr  respeclable  |»re* 

BJtor  UMbU  tli«  jfftiai  Odin  btmsell  A 
ttoiibk  dmmuu  indeed !  And  mi  W6  ob- 
■rr*  UMt  **  wotflA ''  (uad,  we  might  a)* 
moifr  iNdUl«  tntfu)  *'  wliicti  »i»raij^  oji  At 
Af^  Mid  JMhl^  aorl  lknai-4^  (qut  ibou- 
i«ad  frarv  Ago,  Jire  but  now  ic3«aiii^  tlio 
Uotkj  UamutmmQf  wmum  AtnarioA.*'* 
AiMiOft,  hy  lli«  way,  a^«r»  axi  ii»t4a^e«t- 
hw  TTff  niiicht  almtist  saj  analoguo-^Ui 
vSftt  we  nighl  nuppoao  ki  have  beuu  llie 
amltaoC  tlie  (litfuAa^^ti  of  Auiiilii^  p^'pa* 
litioii  uiil  Ibtf  T(>udit1ciLtii>nB  ot  laogiuge, 
W««|»  ib^ovodlowing  £ut  puabittf  aul 
ite  iopf€aiJiu  luiittUiUuitd  w«itwar4 — 
te  Si  i«  #¥if  Uie  0a»«,  Ihat 

1^  pofmklioD,  farming  oomiiiQiiUie»  of 
Hi  ^B,  uid  ib<9ee  ottVbooK  gfjuliially 
'  '  J  tMr  itJuaefl  of  life  and  tbt4r 
J  M  tiuit  tbej  carua  to  poitiHi^aa  a 
fcrrdCMfd  Idios^DarMs/ of  tlidr  owtu 
Am  iPcr*  It  not  ibr  Uns  ooni»tant  c^m- 
nimliag  fiiT  ]i#o|»l€« — ^teiMiing  to  wank  an 
iiifailssioa  of  vpeedi  and  habitudes,  and 
■fliili^  in  Ur'  }iri9MsrvatifjTi  i>f  tb«  old — 
iHm  Aball  taU  at  wbai  point  tbe^  diver- 
fiiBJai  W9iiid  oeaa«s  and  baw  ehaiigod 
woold  th#  ti*ti*Mifci  lobam^baviftlis  and 
liMiiift  baooiMi  iii  ibe  ouitfaa  of  o«atii- 
Itet 

A  llfw  QibterTatJoiui  by  Fredent^k  Ygn 
Seldhgil,  will  Glu#e  Urn  purt  of  our 
■i^)mi>  Ba  b  drawing  a  G4>u)pAri§on 
lialwwtfl  FblkiU»fC7  and  IK^kify,  *'  A 
linile  fwitn  pbrsiciai  uri^^tioo  will  [wrbap* 
kja "        '  ?  ^Jtorl«i»t  ruad 

U)  r  111  It  t>[,  and, 

bidj»rcL,  UU1  giNiiLPifirai  [  juni^h  i»f  natural 
^bhiorj  niay  wall  bo  cun^idcrcd  o<igDate 
ki  ll»t  in^jiiiry  befum  ti> ;  lur  wbat  geo* 
lofl'  f>n>p«rlj  iov^Hiii^aUWi  In  ihe^  antiqui* 
tiaa  oCtiit«  i^  rr..«irijLl  pl&nutf  and  tha  pn* 
laal  c''  :  tbo  ti»iiAlaia  rangiMf 

obaafvi  -  kiiiLT  U)  r«ad  lb«  loQf- 

iMItfi  ^  bruaght  to 

ll^tiii  r  ,  and  to  otjui* 

b«r  iUtt  *ii-  '    of   gmdual 

ahaaita  ^mi  -<  c4>riif>o«ita 

laagoaffe*  wimJi  i  fi>rn>«K|  out 

of  a  uolilure  ur  ji  of  «?vtfrnl, 


ttliy  h^  oomparwi  to  iho  di  hi  rial  rodki 
which  belong  to  the  (WKxindary  for- 
mal ion.  A^  tilts  latt«r  have  Hriiicn  out 
cif^  or  havo  b*en  foniw»d»  by  1ih»n\n  sind 
tuund^ttoni^  bo  th«sa  mixed  Ian  prim  :ZiH 
ow«  their  origin  to  the  great  Eun>[n  .ui 
inigratjc*n  of  catlrHiPi;  or,  perhajw,  wort* 
fort  lit?*  J  by  the  EasT^  by  similar  A^iiitfc 
migratiiinjs  at  a  itill  (ilder  epcioh,  uud  iti 
primeviil  tinieii.  Thoaa  language**,  <im 
tki*  foijtrary,  at  letat  m  coin  pared 
wuh  tl**>3e  wMch  are  manifestly  tucnj 
derivative*  from  thetu^  we  may  tali  pri- 
mary, lu  Lhii  eJastf  we  may  tnontioii  rha 
Roiuan  arnimg  tho«e  of  Europe,  and  tlie 
Baiiflcrit  among  those  of  Asia.  Theses 
then,  iiand  on  the  same  Una  and  dignity 
with  tlie  so-called  primary  rocks.  Nu 
doubt,  even  in  theae,  further  inveUi- 
gation  will  dt«oover  maoy  tracjei*  of  a 
jriixture,  no  ]eee  palpabla,  indeed^  bat 
oo«^  however^  iq  which  tba  oonfltituents 
neither  were  originally  ao  betercgenon% 
nor  ^Qce  bare  continued  ao  totally 
uDchanged,  For^  in  the  same  manner, 
granitic  rock«,  and  others  of  the  priinjiry 
order,  are  a) ho  found  to  be  composite  in 
their  mineral  oonstitnenta.  Tlieee,  like- 
wise,  point  to  a  stiU  earlier  oonTtikioD 
of  nature,  u>  which  they^  owed  their  fint 
production." 

Now  the  EnglUh  may  be  regarded  a« 
bj  Ui  the  m^mt  striking  extini[ile  of  a 
oottpoille  Ungnng«  that  we  can  have. 
The  epithet  rojnmiik  which  the  Gernian 
critica  apply  to  the  mixed  drama^  mlgbl^ 
with  propriety,  be  employed  with  re- 
toence  to  our  language — taking  that 
appellation  intheeeune  of  the  pniduct  of 
tli^  union  of  ^veral  dementSK  We  have 
no  dooign  of  repeating  the  oft-tuld  uud 
finmiliar  tale  reii>«cting  the  various  dy- 
naatiee  that  have  poe«eMed  Great  Britain 
— ftad  of  tlifl  induenca  of  th<j  several 
peopl«i  on  the  formation  of  tii«  Eiigiinh 
tongne.    What  we         ' '  V   i«  the 

pciedbiUtv  of  a  rer«'  ^jis  bin* 

lofy  of  tWo  pohticju  revimiiinTiN  by  uo 
eiftmi  nation  of  the  com  pone  nt  ek*ni*.*nu 
thereof*  **  The  hiatory  of  a  people  b*.  in 
ims  the  hiatofj  of  their  language,  Th« 
ic«n«i^  the  cirenntatanoe^,  the  occupa- 
tlima,  (liroQgh  which  they  poaa,  will  ever 
form  the  Tnati^rit&lEi  from  which  thdr  kn* 
guage  IB*  ^VQ,?* 

To  aiti  t^e,  fbr  ii»t«ao«,  tha 

matter  uf  propei-  namae.  Wa  have  aa  tlie 
natneof  our  language — ^£ngliab^iildia  the 
at»[ioilation  of  iia  htnh>pl»oe  Knglami 
that  ia  £ngla*land,  the  land  of  the  Kn^tUa 


4*ra 


Eamhles  over  the  limlmi  &f  Verb^  and  Substantives. 


[Ho 


or  Aiiglee — which  Angle*  wo  know  to 
hm^  been  a  nation  belonglitg  U*  th@ 
8a«oa  CoTjfoderiwj  and  inhabitlitjt^  Aii- 
gleSL^  in  the  present  duchy  of  Sle^wlck ; 
tmd  flo  we  have,  with  referenc©  to  (Artr 
iBUEtia^e — fts  expreidve  of  thtir  origin 
— tti e  term  J n^UhSa^n.*  No  w,  though 
the  general  denotninfition  of  tfie  counlrj 
lbl]<>wed  the  immi?  of  the  niore  nuineriius 
IriliL',  the  Angrlee,  w©  have  a  llvmg  re^ 
cor<1  i>f  the  Saioa.%  alao^  id  the  diyiiions 
of  E-^^s.  (ExoeseaX  Middlesex  and  Sussc^x, 
(Buti?iexet)  which,  expanded,  stand  ft^r 
Easi  iSaxpQii,  Middle  BaxtiDs^  and  South 
8axonf.  The  masa  of  tlie  nflniet  of  place% 
lioweverj  are  Aoglo-JBaxon — ^indicative 
of  that  fitron|f  feaucity  with  which^ 
through  all  their  reverses,  our  forefatheri 
e\nng  to  tlieir  homes  and  hearths.  Thus 
we  have  the  very  nutnerons  terroi-* 
nation  in  ton^ — ^an  in  closure  or  garden  ; 
t.  g.  Bmten^  Bnrt^n^  Bright&n^  North - 
mnpUm;  in  ham^  which  is  ^ost  h&m^ 
(Bcotcb  kam^) ;  e.  g.  Ham  ton,  i.  e.  Mome- 
town,  HigAam,  lingAaTw,  Sontbatnton, 
i".  €,  South— Ai^n'k^-town ;  in  burg,  borongh, 
or  burr,  a  citjr  or  fort;  *.  g.  Oanier- 
hury^  Peterft&nmjA^Scarifmnf^A,  Shrews- 
bury;  in  ford — vadum — m  Hereford, 
t.  f.  Armj*sford  from  htm  an  army,  Ox- 
ford, which  ill  Chaucer  we  tind  written 
Oxcnford : 

**^  W^iHoiQ  Iher  wai  fl  wellJng  |a  QsatfnfQrd*^ 
And  of  \M  etAfI  li«  wmM  «  cAfpenler." 

But,  Dotw'ithstauding  the  immense 
prepijuderance  of  Saxon  proper  narnei, 
^ve  are  all  aware  that  the  Saxons  were 
not  the  original  |>osse7<sors  of  the  island ; 
and  no  we  tind: 

"  QUtsameriiif  thro'  the  dnp«ai  of  tblngB  tlisi  iPere»** 

Bome  few  old  Keltic  wordj^ — scanty 
on  account  of  their  complete  over- 
throw by  subsequent  aggressors);  thus 
the  name  "London*'  is  said  to  be 
compounded  of  the  two  Keltic  words 
llttwn,  popuhu9^  and  dinas,  a  city^ — the 
pppuhti*  eitr/ ;  though  others  make  the 
sigQitieation  to  be  tlie  **  city  of  ahipa  '*<^ 
either,  however,  might  almost  he  con- 
wdered  m  prophetic.  We  have  even 
•owe  Ml*r^  from  the  old  Druidical  wor- 
ahip  ;  witness  the  atr^nt  i>r  cairm  irhioh 
arc  with  much  probability  referred  there- 
to*     Do  you  wiah  to  see  the  remains  of 


Homsn  domination  and  traoea  of  their 
conquest  and  warlike  spirit  ?  Then  glance 
at  the  quite  extensive  li^  of  proper 
names  of  places,  rerminaiing  in  Chester 
or  Oagtwr^  t,  s,  OoMimm^  indi^thig  the 
site  of  a  Roman  fortre**!  in  tb«  locality 
bearing  that  ending  ;|  e,  g.  Oohiehe^ter^ 
the  camp  on  the  river  Coin,  Lancaster, 
the  camp  on  tfie  river  Lune — see  «bo 
Winchester,  Oolcheatef^  Manchester,  Ac, 
all  of  which  are  suggestive  enough. 

Again,  the  character  of  the  Danes, — the 
Norrhmen,  is  well  known;  we  are 
acquaint^  with  their  proclivitiea  towards 
freeb{M>ting  and  piratical  exottratoDi.  In 
making  tbdr  descents,  then,  on  Ungland 
they  conld  not  but  land  on  its  eastern 
coasts,  and  -would,  w^ith  great  probability 
give  names  to  the  places  tiioy  visited  and 
plundered.  Now  tlie  Danish  word  for  a 
bay  or  cove  u  vig  or  viig,  which  by  a 
very  airapfe  transition  might  beooma 
wich  or  wick ;  std  this  suppoeition  re- 
ceives additional  confirmation  from  the 
great  number  of  namea  bearing  that  ter* 
mination.  Running  the  eje  down  the 
map,  along  the  coast,  from  North  to 
South,  we  meet  with  Berwick,  AJDevick, 
Dun  wich,  ypawich,  Harwich,  Woolwich, 
Greenwich,  Band  wich,  Mor£H>ver,  they 
have  left  at  further  traces  of  their  exist- 
ence in  the  ending  by  or  &y«»  whioh  in 
Danish  means  a  town.  Thus,  glancing  at 
Yorkiihire  and  Lincolnshire,  we  find 
Whitby,  Selby,  Grimsby  and  Splliiby — so 
we  liave  also  Netherby,  Appleby,  Derby. 
Now,  these  localities  can  be  proved,  from 
other  circumstance*,  to  have  been  chief 
seats  of  Duniiih  emigration. 

Should  we  extend  our  researc?i  farther 
into  the  component  ekmenta  of  th« 
English  in  general,  we  would  meet  with 
little  difficulty  in  the  construction  of  a 
complete  and  correct  theory  of  the  poli- 
tical and  social  chaugca  that  have  taken 
place  in  Great  BritHin. 

And  now  let  us  Jump  over  the  Norman 
Conquest  under  William  the  ]3a&lard,| 
wlien  so  very  large  an  accession  of  Nor- 
manno-Franco-Oeltic  words  was  Rafted 
on  our  aneieut  Saxon,  and  take  a  peep  in 
at  how  our  language  gets  on  in  the  I4tii 
century.  In  these  rambles  we  arw,  ^ 
conr*e,  not  to  be  considered  as  being  en* 
oumbered  with  the  inoonvenieni  aiui 
rather  ffuJgar  envelopes  of  epace  and 
time.  FeatuB  Bailey,  it  will  he  remem- 
bered, makee  Lucifer  and  hia  feUow-tra- 
veller — 


I 


I 


1 


■  Bee  QoBWorlli't  Anffto-SiLfon  OmoiititJ,  jp.  X^ 

t  VMa  tJcKiTDcadarUook^  In  wtuch  the  vom  \9  cobaMiaUj  wrllUiB  M  ft&4V«, 

I  Viae  Eoftvortli't  Anglu-aiUEOCi  OlcUomfcfjr^  |10<& 


ibtfifiadBi 


iSSlJ 


m^^rf^^SalnS  &/  Verbs  and  Substanti 


in 


IB IM  looffiii  hmi  ih«l  evir  «u  na*" 

But  ihna,   tinfontmiitclf^  (7)  tM  are 
neither  Ludhr  uui  i*'«iitua  Ikiili^f,  ilii«l 
boildei^  tks^  mnntm  were  ''  Uuhi''  attd 
**  rv^trtii^tion^"  while  yon  timl  I  wotM  ' 
J  fraethtx4  tiii;:^  far  criir  ^xoor- 

ti  MJ  fi<it  w^t     But  should  the 

nioriticiffV  miring— wliy,  ju»t  imnd  u« 
donTTi  0ur  Chwuctir — d  eouirwe,  Wt*  tig« 
Tjrwhitf »  edUt'jr* — find  w©  netnl  not  Mir 
oot  f »f  oor  <x»y  nmrioF.  Ti»Po  I  Mafti, 
yihtTc  wilt  ti](ia  Wgtat    Ab  iuitb  ? 

«  W^LMiA*  1^1  A|trU  «ldi  Uf  db0Wf«t  Mia 
Hw  4reu|^l4  af  lUnsb  h«U»  ^iKHil  bft  did  r«l4| 

JWprfr«tfteik  la  SfW7  Iwlfc  *Bd  bdbt 
niOlla  dM ftttt lilt  l^ifc «BW« 7ivA», 


t»  iprfttik  late  wmwFf  In  bto  oem^ii, 

Jai  itttei«n  Hat  i«  Hk«s  tlnafft  ilreedai, 
9t  Mr*t  H&lvwi  (woilM  In  BmAif  VaaOM ; 

Of  thjIiltfM  t«  O^BUrburr  tli«  ireudc, 

fte  Mf  Mkif^  aurtrr  dor  T«  f*Ji« 

YtMl  bm  iutli  b«l|MB  wlws  thill  fkef  *■>« 

Ton  win  f^  tliit  we  hftvo  Jt«Iioit«d 

tlfti  prioeipftl  wordi  Umt  ooinc  from^  or 

Utrouifh  !tj#  Frtiioij.     TUe   proportiua 

.  i'*  ^«rta,  Ao  greii  ii  w«  Aud 

i  h  other  paitigM,  or  «i)cb 

i  flj  lye  loikjwiiig  :^ 

W«i  «AM<«ad-twtn||  in  •  eowjMi^Mi^** 

f  4'j;n'»c,"  aU  rv»:«H*»  iheir  oobriof  tlirptigh 
liifr  N\>rtn&ti.  In  boft#lrie  will  l»e  r«ocif» 
nlxj^  our  hfiirl,  hy  lUe  «tUkii3  of  the  i 

jilmt  hottt.  III  wliieli  till!  i  •gmn  mAkci  iU 
A]i|Mftfi])e«. 

/ft, 

A  **Kl«»jjw*^  If  JH^t  ft  904Xiimj  b<?fotu, 
8i<e*fiA!f^ui»  it)  ihr  I  At  in  O!>«j«lio  acir] 
|IN»  Qnrdc  wt^t^^u. 

*  41  »«f4al  &<cgalBi«haiiff  h«  b«n  anmr  - 


^mh^m  to  t^  i'ant^ttrif  T0U*. 

Ke^^prkf^  from  **  preodre"  lo  tiikc*  i»o*t 
l*arL  prig, 

**  Ana  4l  hupm4  u  smIh  m  Ii  *  mif  il«." 

/*, 

*'  port**  tliftt  la  heariHif  ftom  pcrt€r. 

*"■  a«  «M  ft  9«r«f  i^^  ^vA£ir  fcnlfbt/* 

"Gentli''  is  the  L»tiii  genulk  froin 
gem  &  dAa—L  t.^  bdoogiiig  to  u  cluin  or, 
aatliQ  Scotch  kaj.  dannuh;  and  tJn^i  i«  tCi» 
primitive  eigiudcAtlot].  8c«  Tiicitui: 
^*  BloqueotiJi^  gcQtIte  domm  fju^tra* 
bonum."  Tbe  gnMlaiioB«  in  m*^niiig 
by  whioli  it  pureed  from  ODe  wbo  hm  re- 
lation lo  miht  imce,  or,  as  w«  shy,  of  btnli,* 
in  ccmtradiatinetion  to  bim  wlju  can  lay 
d&im  to  Of  me — eveD  the  igijiiiilei^t 
"  family,"  to  ite  fomwr  (old  EngUali) 
iind  tbeii  ti>  it*  preseot  import,  uijgh^ 
bjid  w©  tjpptJrtuuity  to  truce  it|  bo  tniri- 
ODi  ^notigb.  For  tbe  prcictit,  however, 
compare  it  with  \U  Ftry  itrikiitg  nnak- 
gne  Iind  (aclj*)  frotn  kind  (sub.)  Miid  coti- 
iult  Froiflsart,  V.  ii  c.  77.—*'  11  y  avoit 
Tin  Chi^vaher,  Capitaine  d©  U  viUe:^ 
point  ff^ntWirnnnie  ii^eetoit — ei  Tavolt 
fait,  poor  sa  v&illance,  le  Bay  Eduoard 
Chevalier.'' 

**  Willi  htm  Umt  «fti  hti  HMic,  t  J«iice  itfi^lT. 
A  tor«r  •Ii4  ft  iBf  tr  ^<anM^^ 
Wllh  lActd  cruU  «J  thcf  »«r«  Iftld  lO  pi^riit  J 
or  ivv^ir  y* fti-  flf  ^F*  he  w»i  I  i«ft  " 

/». 

**£iaiv«r'^  wa«  !b«  Ardbftle  fiorno, 
DOW  Ap«l]«d  riCK^tfT,  fttpfN^M  to  be  AH>m 
X.  «euf«fi».  a  ihtrld,  L  «.  a  ebidd*bcarer. 

Th^  tmniiltioii  in  thia  word  in  ciirioaii, 
too,  Onet  it  was  n  l«nn  <»f  i^iynfty; 
now  rati»i*r  «f  *«diffi«ty.     I*  1 1-*, 

wtj  all  know  ihai,  wheMi  imr  >  ll> 

ftingua  reowl  vm  •  pi  ^t  le^  tl  if  \  1 1 1  v  1  r  1 ,1  bly 
b«ar  ih«  addnMet  To  P.  Q  K.  Smell- 
ft,T,^».  v..  *m  Jia^h-i  -;  *i  Fri^nch 
Bf>i  <r  tboiK?  •    ^j>ed* 

njvi.  ^ :  ,,.;u  Uaman  t*tj^..  ..,,..  un*  *'*»rfi- 
fnonlj  eocieelir#d  and  WIWvvkI  t'^  '  rS. 
living  i^tiodimttiiU  of  alt  tbo  il-  Lfuit 
fleali  in  hi-ir  10.  Aiiil,  by  tbL<  way^ 
^aehghr  and  itnht^tiU  ar«  tioth  frttm  oni;» 
rociL  We  t^u\  pretcdd  lo  inainuate  the 
moml. 

"*  Ani  frtmh  iIm  i»«a»  fM  i^rrw  ftn4>M0ly, 
Antf  U^  ■««(■  ^r  ilntfBr4  fttt*  BotNw 
For  tf^rnxsh  9f  i^sr«#  ««  t#  lilrt  iml»oir*.'* 


-v**^)*^'    i*  ii>fti  ifiiM  v«rd%la  tMi  i»rlBAl  vlfla,  ^ to  nalQr. »»!«  l«ti 


478 


Mamhies  ot*tr  the  ^tairm  of  Verh  and  Substantive. 


*^  Fetislj*'  ifty  perhaps,  allied  with  fftte, 
hence  gailT,  neatly,  la  good  Maflam© 
EglentiDe  the  "  noune"  entii^ly  withooi 
reprewntfltirea  aiuong  us,  or  be  there  cot 
djiini?elfl^  even  in  our  days,  who  are  m 
Vilis^tuUy  ignoriiit  of  the"'' French©''  of 
'*  Paris/*  ns  was  the  excellent  Priorfoset 
Like  Uriah  Heep,  we  nsk  it  "umbly.^" 
and  odj  for  iaformatioD, 

'<  TbcrtiiBn  In  iMIi  of  vreplDff  and  pro^nM, 
M«n  mote  fiTfr  iIlTer  to  tht  pfiw^^^^r^*." 

''Tht  iw«s<;  111*  iN4ltf,l]H  Htf^drVpiiid  eke  tW 

««»•*.*•  J&, 

^  Kkc  fl«l»  •Aj'tl^*  vH  to  eu  ilm  nde, 


i^, 


v&. 


r^-ii^  is  otif  preseDt  form*  Tlxe  word 
i*  Tery  expre^ive;  tiU^  the  beiid,  L  *. 
heady »  or,  as  we  generally  «jiy,  Mad- 
»ir<fitg, 

■*  nirt  ydir«  litre  Was  broided  In  A  Ir^mt 

Yon  e^e  they  were  up  to  the  noble  art 
yf  giie4>sing,  even  in  Chanoer'd  day;  and 
reuj ember  that  all  this  was  written  a 
century  before  AnierJca  was  dreamed  of, 
or  Ohrlstopher  Columbns  was  bom. 

To  &ay  nathingof  theKorrQan  element, 
what  do  yon  think  of  the  follo^'ing  as  a 
piece  of  philosophy  ? 

*■  JVm*^  end  fendet  b6en  bvt  }U^  osotui^r  P* 
ThM  Ffrreir^  Tlile,  p.  ft*. 

**'  A  tuiifht«  tfaer  fr&ip  atid  that  a  Vf?rth|r  tniji, 
Th«t  fr»*  the  time  that  he  llrste  be^ia 
Ttt  rltleii  0Ht,  he  loTed  ^rhittUtif, 
Trntithc  *nd  A<>no«r^  0«d<^>in  uid  onrt^t*,'* 

Here  "knight,"  to  which  fnrlber 
rtferanee  will  be  made  ht-reafter,  ii^ 
Htrange  to  say,  Snxon.  ^'^Chivalne"  ii 
of  course  N<>rmaii.  In  the  fonrth  liae, 
we  have  '*trouth©"  and  ''fredotn/' 
Saxon  ;  "  hoDonr"  and  **  oyrteaie"  come 
to  us  throiigh  the  French.  And  what 
volumes  do  they  sp«ak  to  nsof  the  psychi- 
cal and  9ocial  consiiiution  of  the  two  ? 
We  have  in  on©  thf^  evidence  of  a  sub- 


jective, in  the  ntbeTr  of  an  objective  ex- 
istence ;  in  the  oae,  an  only  heart- lifo^, 
pulsating  with  doinjErs  and  darinp;  m 
the  other,  the  outer  and  the  coiivcutional. 
The  Saxon  demands,  and  will  hi*  mM^^*} 
with  nothing  abort  of  tronth,  and  fre- 
dom — 

The  Bohlcat  «f  thftuffak  w^wm  IM  plaUvn  I** 

He  reqnirea  the   downrijfht  and   th 
earnest—^*  tetieu^;  the  GaUlean  i^  f?cm~ 
tented  with  T  honneur  and  *s  irrr*Miitv'* 
Weil,  this    has    bei^n  rccogi 
enough*     Take  the  opinion  <■;  ii 

century :  "  Francis  fa  mill  are  est  rt4i^n4h 
fidem  frangere."*  ^*Bi  pcrjacet  Francus 
quid  novi  tacieti  qui  pejtitittm  ipfimm 
senuonis  genns  putat  e^s^  uoa  mnii- 
nes.^^f    ^^Frant;i   mmidatei^  9ed    hom^ 

takayt 
And  what  entered  m  largely  into  thdr 

composition  in  th©  fifth  ijentory^  hm 
probably  left  some  traces  even  nnio  otir 
own  nineteenth.  But,  to  enumerate  aO 
tfie  French  and  Nonnan,  the  Fmnco- 
Latin  and  the  Norm  an  no- Latin  eletuents, 
wonld  be  to  quote  every  line ;  we  ca% 
then,  but  present  you  wifh  the  follow-  fl 
ing,  which  are  prodigiously  characteristio  ^ 
and  replete  with  soggeitions  :^Accord, 
advocate,  agree,  arre^te  (arrest)*  avance 
(atlvance),  adventure^  alegeance  (allegi- 
ance), annie  (annoy)^  appetite,  blanc- 
m anger,  bokeler  {buckler),  capitaine 
(captain),  clerk,  counsel  1  (council),  croit 
(croisX  <5on  stable,  cowardise  (cowardice), 
enlprit,  cnr^w,  dancBi  danger,  deliver, 
dure  (endnre),  embrace,  enteil^  (entail), 
faine  (feign )^  force,  galDard,  gi*30e^  jnde 
(judgeX  jugenient  (judgment^  law,  inaia* 
ler  (niHster),  niangre,  obeyanee  (obedi- 
ence), outrage,  page,  port&coVise  (port- 
cullis), revel,  rim©  (rhyme),  prt-kt  (pre- 
late), parlement,  sauf  (safe),  markis 
(marquis),  sergeant^  sire,  table,  vitaille 
(victual).  And  there  are  aTTiong  the 
thousands  of  other  such^  tntrtKliieod  or 
employed  by  him  whom  people  will  per- 
aiat  in  cailing— 

**  Tte  piir«  «vU  «t  J^IM,  nodeiUd  t" 

So  great,  indeed,  was  his  fondness  for 
French  terms,  that  he  reci?iv«jd  the  nick* 
name  of  the  **  French  Brewer,**  and  tha 
probability  seem^  to  incline  towards 
making  even  himself  of  Kormati  deeodnt* 

The  following  w^  t|u^te  at  ft  rm»  apt- 


« 


*  Toplnrat  ProcM  c.  sm.t  p.  ¥BT. 


tlb.Ul>,Tit.^p.\1l, 


t  s«)Ttaa  di  Q«b,  D«i,  im*  it*,  p.  wl 


liSi,]  I^mhk*  orfr  the  iS^fnu  of  Vtrha  and  SuhiUmtiwi, 


4)1 


elmifi  0i  iittvloglcti  lor«,  w  well  «s  for 
IIm  Im9»  |irepoii(l«r«ic0  uf  the  9«xaD — 


p  ta  ibnit*  l«r|«  tiQfik 

BKII  dlp«  the    Hct«0  iVlilWD  Wftl 

'  WMH  tHrfUbWtiMi  l^»i  be  h\»  bii-th*  took 
(iTlMi^  1^  Imw  itoMU  kidi  bk  df  in  ftlM  t 
i«,  <l««f«r  ibM  It  ftw 

imJi  of  tivrj  Baa  wllho^utcti  dr«de^ 
iiiffii  ■nii7 1  vUilvr  (her«b«ftorii 

r  Maptn  JiSpm,  or  thcj  «wfv  bo#n  i 

r  ifc^pxp,  T^r«  v»  ud  «f  Soorml** 


I 
I 


VM  Mmi  of  Uwei*  t*!*^  p,  48. 

Oh  J  y<^s  4«M»(e,  wta  the?©  i  mptery 
isd  A  rttiij.-^tv  in  the  earth  and  m  the 
hmrmi  mmix<^   had   harrUd 

J-  r  the  iovn— t>f  the  phe^ 

il — liud  made  na  believo  that  fAaf 
I  bH — thiit  w**  hii<]  got  into  the  innrfff- 
il.  T\\^n  did  tlK^ro  repcRi©  s  ftoul  in 
_JW»^tlieti  dill  there  live  the  JtipiE^rs 
■Ml  flit  Tliofv,  the  Njiiadj^  and  the  Ebea ; 
wtm  rieoKDlMd  s  dltlDity  in  all,  and  re- 
YffVllljf  Wwed  bcjfore  fta  shrine— be- 
liiWnif  tn  evcnthinf  more  titan  w«9 
praiiwtid  ta  the  'ay^  at  a^nse,  and  reoog- 
aiiifif  dia  ml'i  own  mp^t  relation  to 
tbi  ^«il  whole.    WhiS  tilth  onr  hlgh- 

m\ 


Bm  mm^  Uie  age  of  fitlth,  like  the  af« 
of  iMiralry,  has  g^ne 

*Atl  tlbtiiM  kftm  r«fil*lied|, 
fb<f  tJfi  M  la<ig«f  In  tk«  thXtk  of  r«wtoa^^— 

tad  w«  artt  Sophia t8|  and  Atheistic  and 

^Htrti*,"  or,  ia  we  now  tpell  it, 
Wnrc,  U,  we  know,  Saion,  It  b  h«o- 
fttt,  liiK>fen  or  heofun,  fhna  W,;^  to 
bea^i^  that  la  iometliing  hon^en  or 
hfiftved  ari--oref  aor  Fi^MrlM^wbriih  word 
(t.'  !iisr  wjtii  I  i|<joH  hiK 

oordioif  U*  >kLs  aU  from  the 

•MM  ^trb.  I*  /Undih  tit  with 

aQ  lDt«f«stmg  AU'Joifiia    \n   the  weird 
*^lifti'*  QM!4  b  the  lame  f^nM\  sad  Jutl 
«tetr*(;t  form  of  Hi  r t,  of  tlto 

to  lift     Taka  A  vti  tliat 

old    biilkd   ui     '  r*ir    Patriot 


**  WK««  the  f<f  I  grtw  dfcph,  tiid  tlio  wind  ^kw  Iw^, 
Aod  firl«T  frcir  Ilia  *«»»** 

A  eimllar  idea  abo  pervadea  the  Latin 
ealumy  from  ttie  Greek  JCorXoi^  hoUma. 

To  tiio  S*iOTi«  we  are  akoiudebt^d  tut 
our  most  btJoatifuily  expreiyiivti  da^j^na- 
tion  of  thy  Delt3r--(kjd-^whjrii,  in  the 
e^on^  i»  Uje  name  form  aa  t\m  ocyeeijire 
good.  The  Qermana,  leaning  to  i^io 
emotional  side  of  theoeophy,  emt*loyed 
the  name  of  Ht^  to  u^  njost  endearing 
epithet ;  while  the  Hebrews  fallowed  the 
Idea  of  an  abnilnte  exbtenee,  imitated  bj 
the  Platonic  *OQN. 

**Ilome^"  also,  we  receive  from  our 
Genn&n  progenitors— barn,  which  tbo 
Scotch  hkmt  aiiproschiis  nearer,  or,  in 
fjict,  h&§  imiauilmfnm^  than  haa  our 
funUH  Alio  the  ootuponenta  thereof,  oa : 
homely^  i.  €f.  haridic^  boiJieUke; — whiah 
charming  eipressitin,  we  ore  mxrj  to  aee, 
haa  Wn  wrung  from  ita  pHtnitir«  aanaa^ 
Ja  it,  tjiat  what  \a  ham^m^  baabeooma 
honiclj, — baa  become  tireaome  and  nnin- 
taresting  in  our  efeaf  Whatan  nnder- 
Taloation!  **Mai,^  and  ^*  wife,"  are 
both  Saxon,  m  well  aa  the  affectionate 
tertm  Either,  mother,  brother,  sister. 
"Wl^"  by  the  wuy,  }%m  quite  a  little 
hiatorr  ntnyp^  up  in  It  It  u  the  S&xon 
wir  allied  in  farm  and  ifgnifiaition  to  thd 
Danish  wyf,  and  6«rm«a  Weil ;  worda 
wliich,  in  t^ieir  derivation,  involTe  tho 
notion  of  §j^mfiin^  or  wmtrin^,  and  ieom 
to  point  to  that  aa  the  Icflntimate  field  of 
wotnanlv  occupation,  uhanoer  mikea 
the  *'  Wif  *)f  Bathe,"  thus  give  us  the 
Hummum  totum  of  femlnino  energii- 
inga;— 

» l^aU  i«l«M  vltii  ptr«B  ««  lft««f  blrtli  x 

fi  mmm  WUMf,  wMi  fllal  ^  our  llr«i  E" 
¥h«  Wif  of  BMI^  rrolsfv*,  64. 

From  which  it  would  appear  tliat  the 
character  given  of  a  oertain  Homaii 
m&cron,  If  the  liigheat  poiilblt; 


8b  quaintlj  and  jet  ao  fordblj  randtf^ 
into  the  veniACuhu'  bj  Boiiglaa: 

**  lb«  ktpet  In  Um  feiltfttai  WM  ^  tkd  ^ukOt  !** 

An  intere»ting  paasaae  from  King  Al* 
fr#d'«  Tran»iation  of  ftedet  preaenta  tn 
with  the  original  farm  of  throe  or  Ibnr 

uoticMahle  worda: 


480 


Mambki  otirr  ty  Emtma  «/  VirU  and  SuhAtantivn. 


**Tho  present  life  of   lum,  0  Hnj?/ 
fteeini  to  me,  rf  Oiiraimrecl  with  tliatfllter* 
period  wbidi  h  so  nnc-ertnin  to  us,  to  re- 
semblo  a  sc«ne  at  on©  of  your  country 
feasts.    A*  you  are  sitting  with   your 
aakiitrmen  aad  tluym  alKJut  you,  thw  fire 
blatitig  iu  the  centre,  and  the  ^hoh  hall 
ohecred  by  Its  warmth ;  atid  while  st«rma 
of  rain  and  buow  are  raging  without,  a 
little  eparrow  flies  tn  at  ono  door,  roams 
MJtomid  our  feitivo  meeting,  and  pa$.^ 
otit  at  »otne  other  entrance.     While  it  is 
among  us  it  feels  not  the  wintry  tempest. 
It  eryoys  the  short  comfort  and  serenity 
of  itsi  transient  stay ;  hut,  then,  plmiging 
into  tlio  winter  from  which  it  had  down, 
It  diaapp^ars  from  our  eyea,    Swch  Is 
here  tli^^  life  of  man,"*  ©tc*    We  do  not 
quote  thia  merely  for  the  sake  of  the  very 
excellent  moral  philosophy  which  it  cou- 
tftins ;  but  to  notice  the  terms  King,  Al- 
derman and  Thane,      Thane  hau  passed 
'entirely  out  of  ujje— Sartut  tiopplying  \U 
plaee — and  in  our  usual  readings  Shakes- 
peare alone  recalls  \L   *'  King,*'  however, 
and  Alderman,  w©  still  preserve.  **King  ** 
is  Cyning,t  «*  c,  Oim-ing — the  <3aD-ning 
man— the  man  of  might.     We  all   re- 
member  how  hero-worshipping  Oarlyle 
gloats  over  this  derivation.     And  for- 
sooth, it  is  eipreaeive  of  a  good  deaU 
*'^  Ealdorman '*   is,  of  course,  jnst  elihr* 
man,  as  we  ougVjt  to  write  it,  and  not  Al- 
derman,    It  has  reference  to  the  early 
Saxon  Booieties,  when  the  people  imagiu- 
ioig  that  the  eldern  would  be  more  apt  to 
h%VB  wisdom  and  authority,  chose  to  ap- 
point th^m  as  their  rulers.    By  an  easy 
transition  it  came  to  eipresa  chief  or 
greatest,  as  **Yldest  wyriht'*    (Eldest 
wrlght)— the  chief  workman j  etc. 

Tills  notion  of  the  wiijdom  iu  grey 
hair^i,  seems  to  hare  been  a  rather  com- 
mon one.  Thua,  we  have  the  Latin 
Ben  at  a^^ — our  Senate— from  ^wi&r,  an 
old  man  ;  and  the  Greek  trpw^wr^pof :  go 
tViftt  our  Pt€Mhyierian  cbureh  is  properly 
just  that  in  which  the  government  of 
the  tld^t  {KptaiiuTepoi)  obtains*  And 
what  saith  Homer,  the  divine  f 

**  Ai*«I  ^(kAarep^yi*  avd^wv  ^ptvtt  iepiBoi- 

Oh  d*(i  ytpuv  ^ri^fftv,  d/^a  irpo^tru  not  ImtP- 
mi 

(For  the  minds  of  yonng  men  are  ever 


fiekle;  but  when  an  eld  man  h  pvmm^j 
lie  looks  at  once  U>  the  paat  and 
future — (before  and   behind) — that 
matter  may  be  Wst  for  both  parties^ 

"  ErcHdi  fw  the  vlKJom  lJ>»l  l^t  eao 
Wfti  tlk^pMdi  for  l»  b«i»  ftD  AJdcnnuit* 


Clianeer  doea  not  inform  m  what  this 

** shape"  »af  like;  but  there  mem  %f> 
have  been,  all  along,  a  ^etion  of  it  not 
being  ver\'  tmuom.  But  U^  return.  W© 
cannot  re^i^t  noticing  iieri 
social  phenomenon  am- 
Saxons*  W  e  reter  to  lb  e  iuca  ^.n  w  1 1 1  >  j  i :  j  ^  ^ 
which,  indeed,  is  just  worth  ship— ^tma-lo- 
goUB  to  the  Latin  term  valor  {vale4>--to 
be  wortti).  Among  them  every  indi- 
vidual was  under  bail  to  a  certain 
amount  (his  worth-$hip)  for  hk  good 
beha'dor*  **  Every  man  waa  valued  at 
a  fixed  sum,  whicli  was  oalled  Jiis 
'were;'  and  whoever  took  bis  life, 
was  punished  by  having  \o  pay  this 
fcer^.''  t  Moreover,  in  addition  to  this, 
there  was  a  pecuniary  fine  imposed, 
called  the  '^  wite'^-^in  expre^on  which 
the  Sootob  siiU  preserve,  with  the  dgmi- 
fieation  of  blam^ — and  one  thns  paying 
the  forfeiture  of  all  his  worth-ship,  pre- 
gentfl  us  with  the  original  idea  of  a/<jl</?i, 
which  is,  feo-lun — destitute  of  property. 
Now,  besides  this,  there  was  a  fin©  for 
every  personal  injury;  for  ia^stanrH.  tbe 
loss  of  an  eye  or  a  leg  was  d 

worth  the  compensation  of  fill:  -^^ 

for  *^  breaking  the  month,"  twtive  shil- 
lings; for  cutting  off  the  little  finger, 
eleven  shillings;  for  pierdng  the  noae, 
nine  shillings ;  for  catting  off  the  thnmh 
nail,  for  the  first  double-t*>oth,  for  break* 
ing  a  rib — ^each,  three  shiliinj^s ;  for  every 
nail,  and  for  every  tooth  beyond  the  first 
double-tooth,  one  shilling  1  Th*?ir  t^ysUnn 
of  punishment*,  also,  hns  transmit  tod  to 
tis  one  of  our  common  words,  via; 
ordeal,  Saion  ordal  or  ordasl— a  punish- 
ment or  trrah  And  tliis  ordeal  wa«  th« 
trial  through  which  an  accused  passedi 
in  order  to  prove  his  guilt  or  InnooenOff. 
It  consisted  of  two  kindsr— the  ordeal  by 
hot  water,  and  the  ordeAl  by  hot  iron. 
The  Piodvs  ^perafyii  was  this:  with 
many  att^ndaut  cfreumstnn*  up 

and  Mjlernnity,  the  person  ^i* 

hand  to  far  as  Uie  wria,  or  mf^  ttnii  ai 
far  as  the  elbow  (according  to  the  ini^ 
nitnde  of  tiie  charge),  into  a  veaecl  of 


"Wfcr;  w,  /Vy  ^<w»  ^  -SHfc. 


I« 


^ 


I8BAEL  POTTER;  OR,  FIFTY  YEABS  OF  EXILE. 


wtiu   bcktUnf    "furfotiiljF   hot;"    and 

takktg  out  tlierofrom  A  pl«ao  (if  lrt;ti, 

tlif«e  ptmnilt  in  Wil^ight,  }m  mrrted  It  tbo 

dl«Uiic<i  fif  nino  fc>ot  nnd  let  It  drup. 

Thtti,  Art4^   tiiriaa   dfiTf,  the  hand  wiii 

llitfMeted,  U}  iMM}  if  *'  rou] ''  or  *^  detttif'^ 

fttvd  i«iitttAc9  WAS   pmmkI  Acoordtcgriy. 

Tbin  litcRinr  very  ''  fleiy  triil  ^  b  ibo 

ocillliiAKM'  of  our  *^  fiery  ordeal,**  And  per^ 

kipi  fdoeo  BQcti  ttiing^  could  b«  doiL&  bj 

imy)  Uc<  ot  the  ha&h  of  on?  expfiM- 

**♦  I  would  go  tbroo^  Jlr^   mid 

•for  yoal" 

QtotJc  reaibr^  thciii  hnsi  thit  hundM 

ill  BtlU  t<*  ertt€*k;  think   uou  however, 

r  tbftt  we  have;  whijlt<  i^ekfuk  in  vtore 

thm — some  of  wliieh   w#  hop*   to 

Mini    tbee    with^jere  a  Uttli*  nnd 

|tll«r«  A  litUe— And  in  all  of  whieh  Iboa 
wilt  find  sweet  kernels  Aorl  agreeable 
nomiAhiiMiitf  if  tbuu  wilt  but  Uke  the 
tfoobk  to  open  ihem. 
I 
i  S  ronning  down  ehAnnol  At  evenini;, 
^  J«nel  w^k^d  tlio  0*0 wd^  mAin-deok 
of  tisi  MTODtT-fonrf  ooQilnnally  broflhed 
by  A  UwasAnd  hnrrjrmg  wayfArers,  as  if 
lit  Wm%  Id  Mm«  gr«At  street  in  London^ 
JiilMiiid  with  ATtiiiAni,  joat  returning 
fhpoi  tlMir  dAj^fl  labor,  novel  and  pain- 
td  mhoiIodi  were  bk.  He  finind  niin- 
•llf  dipped  iuto  the  havaI  mob  withoat 
wm  fH«nn ;  tiny,  among  enemiesv  siooe  bis 
cottilr-  '-*4  were  hit  own,  and 

apitaM  .  ADd  kin  of  these  very 

Mpfi  oroutid  bitHf  ho  bimit^lf  had  ohm 
liflMA atal  hand.  The  lurLrUAl  btttl* 
of  A  RfMC  DiAn-ot-war,  on  her  drst  day 
ottt  Of  port,  wm  indei^sribAbly  Jarring  to 
III  [iriiinf  mood.  Tbote  tonnd*  of  the 
kiBAfi  QUillltiaidtt  dbtnrbieg  the  Jtolomn 
MlOfAl  aoUtiidAa  of  tljo  mca,  myiterionilj 
AflBoud  him,  09  ninnnortd  ioifiil 
thai  miiowardnMi  wbkb,  altar  aofiaamiip 
tof  ym  io  bug  ■umjWA  on  tba  land, 
now  pQnQi»d  him  with  added  pitik  on 
tliA  da«|K  Why  ihonld  a  patriot^  leapiiig 
fur  Ilia  ehan^^  acrttfTi  v^  AtLaok  Iho  op- 
preaof^Ai  i  now  b«  kid* 

AApptd  to  nior^a  biitllei 


One  *^word"  more*  It  fa  tranalent— 
tranfl-««,  pacing  away^qui  viilent  to  the 
F^'tnch  iKMUd^^r,  with  pldoiive  sad* 
aeiB  It  ilngi  the  *^mntAbility  i>f  homan 
affair*  i"  and  the  rt>qtiiom  of  hnninn  life, 
It  14  the  the'^h  rtf  that  encbtuitiug  rutle 
Idyl  by  John  TierpoDt — 

**J^uiliif  Hiri/J  iHiMtnffminrf 
Wu  U  the  chime  or  *  Oaf  UllV*  vie  » 

which,  indeed,  b  ju5t  an  expaHBiou  of 
xhh  tbesia.  Said  ina'a  queen  to  her  1ieg« 
lord — **  Are  not  all  tbltiga,  are  not  we 
ourselves,  like  a  river,  berrying  beedlew 
and  bead] cm g  to  the  dare:  ooeaa  of 
lUlrmiable  ttnie  V 


**  Nov  Imm  Ouial,  Ubki  of  bit  DaiflM  m^  wtsM 
J«f«i  »n«r  ««,  fforfniD  oi  Ui  til«  tne*, 
And  key*  «•  ill«  (hal  Iwn  In  Ihli  plu4." 


AB.  n  uoot  mrxin  two  rujoa,  asd  i; 


on  the  endless  drifti  of  the  Bnnitef  Hilla 
of  the  biUowaf  But  like  many  other 
repinera,  Israel  wee  perhaps  a  tittle 
premature  with  npbraiain^  Uke  these* 

Plying  on  between  Sedly  and  Gape 
CleATt  me  UDprineipled— whioli  rm&tX 
■omewhAt  oatMiled  ber  congorta  Wl  Isi, 
Jost  before  dnak,  with  a  large  reveime 
cutter  doae  to,  end  »bowing  slgnak  of 
dktreas.  At  the  moment^  no  other  eaJI 
was  in  eight. 

Oureiog  the  Moaari^  of  pftiiaing  with 
AAtrong  fair  wind  at  a  jnnoture  like  thiiL 
the  offioer-of*tlieHleck  Auortened  baiI^  and 
hove  to;  hailing  the  cntter,  to  know 
whAt  was  the  matter.  A«  he  bAiled  the 
•mail  cimfl  Ibom  the  lofty  poop  of  the 
britUing  lerenty-fonr,  thia  lientenant 
aeemed  ataiidifig  on  the  top  of  GlbrAJtAr^ 
tAlkitig  to  iome  lowland  peaaant  In  a 
hnt  The  reply  was,  that  in  a  andden 
flaw  of  wind,  which  came  nigh  oapeinng 
them,  not  an  hour  (^iQce>  the  entter  had 
\m%  all  fonr  foremoal  men  by  the  violent 
Jibing  of  a  booin.  iha  waated  help  to 
gel  MQk  to  port* 

**•  Too  iihall  hATe  one  man,**  aaid  the 
offloer-of^tbeHleck,  moroitly. 

*^Lei  him  be  a  good  <ine  theHf  for 
hftaTen^M  aake,'*  Mid  he  In  Ibe  the  cntter; 
'*  I  ought  to  have  At  kiit  two.^ 


wsm^ 


482 


larmi  Potiirj  or^  Fi/lf  T^art  of  E^nU. 


[Nor 


Daring  this  talk,  Isnier»  ouriosttj  had 
prompted  bim  to  dart  up  the  ladder 
from  tlie  main -deck,  and  etand  rigbt  in 
the  gatigway  abave»  looking  out  on  tho 
itraiige  crail.  Meantime  the  onlai'  had 
h«eu  given  Xo  drop  a  boat.  ThlnkinK 
tbi«  a  favDrable  chani^  he  statiozted 
biTDself  ao  that  ba  should  be  the  foremost 
to  spring  into  the  boat ;  though  crowds 
of  English  aallors  eager  m  bimaelf  for 
the  same  opportunity  to  escape  from 
foreign  service,  clang  to  the  chains  of 
the  as  yet  imperfectly  disciplined  man- 
of-war.  As  the  two  men  who  bud  be^n 
bwered  In  the  boat  hooked  her,  when 
afloat,  along  to  the  gangway,  Israel 
dropped  like  a  comet  into  the  Btem- 
shee^,  stumbled  forward^  and  seized  an 
oar.  In  a  moment  more,  all  the  oars- 
men were  in  their  places,  and  with  a 
fbw  etrokee,  the  boat  lay  alongside  the 
oatter* 

**  Take  which  of  them  you  pletsa,** 
aaid  the  lieutenant  in  command,  addiesa- 
ing  the  officer  in  the  revenne-cutter^  and 
motioning  with  bi^  hand  to  his  boat^a 
oreWf  as  if  they  were  a  parcel  of  car- 
o&iflefl  of  tn  tit  ton,  of  which  the  5rst  pick 
was  offered  to  some  customer.  "  Quick 
and  choo^.  Sit  down,  men  ^*— to  the 
sjulore.  "  Ob,  you  are  in  a  great  hurry 
ta  pit  rid  of  the  king's  service,  ain^t 
yon  I  Brave  chaps  indeed! — Have  yon 
chosen  your  man  ?" 

Ail  this  while  the  ten  feces  of  the 
ftimoaa  oarsmen  louked  with  mute  long- 
ingsand  appealing^  towartk  the  officer 
of  the  cutter;  every  face  turned  at  the 
same  angle,  as  if  managed  by  one  machine. 
And  eo  they  were.    One  motive* 

*^I  take  the  freckled  chap  with  the 
yellow  hair — him  ;**  pointing  to  Israel. 

Nine  of  tlie  upturned  faces  fell  in  sul- 
len despair,  and  ere  Israel  could  spring 
to  his  feet,  he  lelt  a  violent  thrust  in  bis 
rear  from  the  fcoca  of  one  of  the  disap- 
pointjed  behind  Mm, 

"  Jump,  dobbin  T*  cried  the  officer  of 
the  boat. 

But  Israel  was  already  on  board. 
Anotlier  moment,  and  the  boat  and 
cutler  parted.  Ere  long  night  feD,  and 
the  man-of-war  and  her  cottons  wert 
onl  of  sight 

The  revenue  vessel  resumed  her  oonrse 
towards  the  nighest  port^  worked  by  but 
four  men :  the  captain,  Israel,  and  two 
ofBcera.  The  cabin-boy  was  kept  at  the 
helm«  As  the  only  foremast  man,  L^rael 
was  put  to  it  pretty  hard.  Where  there 
b  bnt  one  man  to  three  niastera,  woe 
betide  that  lonely  sbve.    Besides,  it  was 


of  itself  severe  work  enongb  to  manago 
the  vessel  thus  short  of  hands.     Bat  to 

make  matters  stlU  worse^  tlm  captain 
and  his  ot!icers  were  ugly -tempered  fel- 
lows. The  one  kicked^  and  the  others 
cuffed  Israel  Whereupon,  not  sugared 
widi  his  recent  ei;perience%  and  mad- 
dened by  his  present  hap,  Israel  «e#ii^ 
himself  alone  at  sea,  with  only  three 
men,  instead  of  a  thousand,  to  contend 
against,  plucked  up  a  heart,  knocked  the 
captain  into  the  lee  scuppers,  and  in  bis 
fufy  was  about  tambhng  the  flrst-officerj^ 
a  small  wash  of  a  fellow,  plump  ovi 
board,  when  the  captain,  jumping  to  ' 
feet,  seized  him  by  his  long  yellow  hah^ 
vowing  he  would  i^lftugbt^r  him,  Mean^ 
time  the  cutter  flew  foaming  through 
the  channel,  m  if  in  demoniac  glee  at 
thia  uproar  on  her  imperilled  deck. 
While  the  consternation  was  at  its 
height,  a  dark  body  suddenly  loomed  at 
a  moderate  distance  into  view,  shooting 
right  athwart  the  stem  of  the  cutter. 
The  next  moment  a  shot  stmck  the  water 
within  a  boat^s  length, 

**  Heave  to^  and  send  a  boat  on  board  !** 
roared  a  voice  almost  is  loud  as  the 
cannon. 

'^^  That's  a  war-sMp^"  cried  the  captain 
of  the  revenue  vessel,  in  alarm;  **but 
she  ain't  a  oonutryman," 

Meantime  the  officers  and  Israel  stop* 
ped  the  cutter's  way. 

"  Send  a  boat  on  board,  or  Fll  sink 
yon,^^  again  came  roaring  from  the 
stranger,  followed  by  another  shot, 
striking  the  water  still  nearer  the  culter. 

'*  For  God^s  ^ake,  don't  cannonade  us* 
I  haven't  got  the  crew  to  man  a  boat^^* 
replied  the  CAptaiu  of  the  cutter,  '*  W  ho 
arc  you  V^ 

'*  Wmt  till  I  send  a  boat  to  you  for 
that,"  replied  the  i^tranger. 

*^  She's  an  enemy  of  some  sort^  tliat^a 
plain/'  said  ilie  Eoglishman  now  to  liis 
officers ;  **  we  ain't  at  open  war  with 
France;  she's  some  blood-tlif"^-  -r-t^ 
or  other.     What  d*  ye  say,  t  i* 

ing  to  his  officers;  "let's  ouk„-.  ,.w  ,  ur 
be  shot  to  chips.  We  can  beat  her  at 
sailing,  I  know," 

With  that,  nothing  doubtinuc  lliat  h|g 
counsel  would  be  heartily  retaponded  to, 
he  ran  to  the  braoes  to  get  the  cutt*^ 
before  the  wind,  followed  by  one  officer, 
while  the  other,  for  a  nseleea  bravado, 
hoisted  the  colore  at  the  stem* 

But  Israel  stood  indiifeieiit,  or  rather 
all  in  a  fever  of  confiieting  emotions. 
He  thought  h^  reoognlsed  thi»  toIo^^^sd 
the  strange  vesaol* 


litmei  Fctl«r;  or^  /f/fy  r<farf  if  Jlfilf. 


I  **  Cociwt,  wbit  till  j0  siAndlng  tbcro^ 

t'  p*ptAifi* 

!  flid  not  "tfr. 

11  on  bc»*rd  the 

(H>ii  lowering 

jdincm  of  the 

r  -e«,  ynited  to 

.  .'  ii^oftliomittcr* 

4  fn!l  hcftdw&y  er^ 

....  :i}4  hy  looro  ohAnoe, 

.  taring  tlie  ti|)0i]rToa 

r  In  the  h&nda  of  the 

cvbn»*bcij,  mifi    killitig    kim   with  the 

ipiittlaf«.    Huiiniug  tu  tha  »tata|>f  ttie 

oMilli  lustued*  ftud  st««red  tb«  rfreliog 

fMp  sn.    FofOo4  now  t«  Uobt  buck  ilie 

boat  ora  giving  @biifi4»,  the  stmDger  wba 

inifMd  rvpfiiUf  nat^rn. 

All  ihb  \      '  UI0  of  maledlclioiui 

were  burle  Bat  their  ax«r- 

•t  |}ie  r^'|.t?s  jireveiit*5d  Uh  ehip- 
for  the  time  mm  Ttaing  pergonal 
While  ob^rving  their  etTarta, 
tmi  but   say   to    himsair, 
Mowk  Are  ofi  brave  m  i\n*y  are 


SiMft  tine  iimnger  wns  mnao  dimlj'  waI- 
Isariiig  atettg  aHii^ri;,  {.-niwding  hU  »iit  in 
dMM^  wbil*  now  And  then  her  how-jy^iiD, 
Iti  red  longac^  b«lk)W©d  riftor 
Ice  A  mod  bull.    Two  moro  ftbots 


}.  eatteft  1>(^t  witlioat  matcrrinJly 
_  htr  idlii,  or  the  ro[»e(»  Immo- 
r  l^duildlng  them.  BoToral  of  her 
ipoftmi  eUljrv  wure  ftundered,  how- 
«fflrj  wliotelooee  tarry  endu  hmtt^d  the 
lAr  wm  toorpiotui,  U  seemed  not  Im- 
'  "b  ill  At  owing  to  her  miperior 
tJbtt  keen  etitter  would  jet  get 


^ 


At  tki«  Jmuotat^  Israel,  rnimipg  to- 
tlia  cAjitAlnj  who  still   held   the 
*  ftaisp  of  Liiler,  atood  Ml  be- 
Mm,  iAjiiig,  ^' I  AH)  AH  enemj,  a 
YAftkc«;  hyok  to  yoareeUl^ 

''  Hel|>  here,  kda,  li«)|i^*^  roAred  the 
«i|iUdJi. ""  A  tmtor,  a  traitor  I*^ 
ne  wonSa  were  hardlj  ont  of  tdi 
I  wliAO  bla  voie4»  waa  mktioed  for 
With  one  prodlgioiiA  b«Ata  of  hlA 
wfeilt  pbjraicA)  foro«,  Israel  tmote  Urn 
«f«r  tht  lAJfnul  UiUt  this  ii«a,  an  if  the 
UAH  b*«l  r^lliMi  I  >Hi^k  wards  over  a  t«>«teri&g 
ekair.  time  tlie  two  <illioAn 

wwwm  I  :t.    Efa   maedng  ihioi 

m^lwn  sa  Ugbtming,  OAK 

ntf  lb*  tialyarda,  thtia  tet^ 

UQf  lb«  UriM  «.«tU  fth  in  a  tiimhle  of  oaih 
ina  lo  tbA  aibok.    NnJtt  Ttinmcrni  one  of 


ibtA  •dten  WAS  At  tJia  ht?lm,  to  prevent 
Iba  enllar  frotn  aip«i£ing  by  b«!(ug  with- 


^ 


oit  a  !(t««i^nmn  In  pnrh  iti  emisirgioncj. 
The  other  oHIc^t  Jind  Ismd  )at*?Tlockci 
The  battle  wsa  Id  Uie  mklHl  of  the  dtftos 
of  bli^wing  CRJ^vjiM,  Cjiugbt  in  a  rent 
of  tlie  Bail,  ilio  (idicvr  i^hpped  mil  (dl 
near  the  nhArp  inm  otlg^^  of  the  hatch* 
way,  M  he  toll,  h^"  oaiusjht  I#rael  by  tlie 
moat  terrible  nart  m  which  mortuSity 
can  b«  grappled,  liuiane  witli  ^lain,  hra«l 
dagbed  hii  adverMiVs  skntl  against  liie 
eharp  iron.  The  unlecr^s  hold  relaxed; 
bat  himeelf  stiffeiiL^d^  Israel  nmdn  far 
the  helmsmAn,  who  an  jet  knew  not  the 
Issue  of  the  late  tnsseh  He  caught  him 
round  the  loiiws  bedding  his  fingers  like 
grisly  daws  into  bis  fle^hf  and  hngging 
him  to  his  heart.  The  man^a  g^i'^^ 
caught  like  a  brcjteti  oork  in  a  gurgling 
bottk^s  neek«  gAfpod  with  the  etnbraee. 
I^ofiiening  him  suddenly,  Israel  hurled 
him  from  hhn  agsinat  the  bnlwarka. 
That  instant  anotber  report  was  heard, 
followed  by  the  sA^age  bail — ^*  Yon  down 
sail  at  last^  do  ye  t  I  in  a  good  mi4id  to 
sink  yL%  f(»r  your  scurfy  trick,  Ful* 
down  that  dirty  rag  there,  astern  V^ 

With  a  limdhnxjEAt  Israel  hauled  down 
the  flag  with  one  hand|  while  with  the 
other  be  heb^d  th«  dow  sbwly  gliding 
or»ft  from  fAllinf  di  before  the  wiod. 

In  a  fow  mottidiite  a  bo^  wii  Alang- 
eide.  Aa  f^  oommAoder  atmied  to  the 
deck,  he  stambled  against  the  body  of 
the  drHtH>l£cer,  whloh,  owing  to  the 
auddezi  slant  of  the  ontter  in  coming  to 
the  wind,  had  rolled  against  Uie  side 
D«ar  tb#  gABgwAj*  Ai  b«  ctme  af^,  he 
beard  iJw  moAO  of  th#  other  offloer,  where 
he  lay  pndcr  the  minen  ebmoda. 

««WbAt  la  ^  ibiar  demAoded  the 
alnafir  of  Tii«^. 

^  It  moAnn  tluit  r  am  A  Taakee  iiii* 
preaMd  into  the  king's  aerttoe;  and  for 
tlieir  pAinA  J  havt  likiii  tht  OQt^ 
ter." 

Oiring  vent  to  his  anrpriat,  Iht  offloer 
looked  HAiTOwly  at  tbit  bo^  hf  the 
ah  roods,  and  aaid,  **  tJds  ini^n  u  as  good 
as  dead ;  but  W6  will  take  him  to  OaptAin 
pAttl  a«  a  witneaa  in  your  bi^alf/^ 

''OatitAln  Fault— Paid  Jtmmr  erled 
Imel. 

"  The  aame." 

''  1  thought  10.      I    tbODAjli  tbAt  WAA 

bliToioAhallltif.  liwiiSi^Fkid^i 
f  o4oe  Ihsift  aoiiiiiiow  put  OM  op  lo  lllk 


'  OqrtAin  Fan]  is  the  daril  for  p^tiof 
mm  up  to  be  tigen*  Bnt  wbitA  in  tb# 
r«t  of  the  orew  V* 

*'^Ov«rbciArd,*' 

'^WhAtr  (?rEedtbaofflo«f; 


di 


484 


laraei  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Ymn  0/  E^U. 


[No 


board  tbe  Hanger.  CaptAin  Paul  will 
tise  yon  for  a  broadiiide." 

Taking  the  moaning  man  along  with 
tlieiiif  mn\  leaving  the  cutter  tintenant^d 
br  any  U  vmg  sonl,  the  boat  rn>w  left  ber  for 
die  enemy's  ehip.  Bat  ere  they  reached 
it,  tbe  man  had  expired. 

Standing  fi>rerat>4t  on  the  deck ,  crowd- 
ed with  three  hundred  men,  as  Israel 
climbed  the  side»  be  saw^  by  the  light  of 
battle-lanthoms,  a  small,'  gmart.,  bri- 
gandish-loo  king  man,  wearing  a  Scotch 
bonnet,  with  a  gold  band  to  it. 

**  You  rascal,"  said  this  person,  "  why 
did  yoar  paltry  emack  give  me  this 
chase  I    Whereat  the  rest  of  yonr  gang  ?" 

*'  Captain  Panit"  aald  larael,  ^"^  I  believe 
I  remember  yon,  I  believe  I  offered 
yon  my  bed  in  Paris  inme  months  ^o. 
How  is  Poor  Eichardf'' 

**GodI  Is  this  the  oourierf  The  Yan- 
kee ooariert  But  bow  now;  in  aa 
English  revenne  cutter  T* 

'*  Impressed,  air ;  that*s  the  way/' 

**But  where'a  the  rest  of  tbetnr*  de- 
maudeii  Paul,  tQming  to  the  officer. 

Tberenpon  the  officer  very  briefly  told 
Paul  what  lerael  had  told  him. 

** Are  we  to  sink  the  catter,  sir?**  said 
the  gtmner,  now  advancing  towwds 
Qaptaiti  PauL  ^^If  it  b  to  be  done,  now 
is  the  time,  6he  is  close  under  ns,  astern ; 
a  few  guns  pointed  downwards,  will  iettle 
her  like  a  shotted  corpse,'^ 

**  No.  Let  her  drift  into  Penxance,  an 
anorjymous  earnest  of  what  the  white* 
aqtmlt  in  Paul  Jones  intends  for  the 
future." 

Then  giving  directions  as  to  the  eonrse 
of  the  fe?hip,  with  an  order  fur  him^jelf  to 
be  called  ai  the  finjit  glirnpj^e  of  a  ^, 
Paul  took  larael  down  with  him  into  bis 
cabin. 

**Tell  me  yonr  story  now,  my  yellow 
Kon-  How  was  it  all  ?  Don't  stand ;  sit 
right  down  there  on  the  transom,  I*m 
A  democrat! 0  sort  of  sea-king.  Plump  on 
the  wool -sack,  I  say,  and  spin  the  yarn. 
But  bold ;  you  want  some  grog  first." 

As  Paul  handed  the  flagon,  IsraeVs 
eye  fell  npon  bi.^  hand. 

"Ytm  don't  wear  any  ringst  now,  Cap- 
tain, I  see.  Left  them  in  Paris  for  safety  J' 

*'Aye,  with  a  cert  am  marchioness 
there, '^  replied  Paul,  with  a  dandyish 
look  of  ^entimeutal  conceit^  which  sat 
ttran^ly  enough  on  his  otherwise  grim 
and  Fek*e  air. 

*^  I  Fhonld  think  rin^  would  be  some^ 
what  inconvenient  at  sea,"  resumed  Is^ 
rael  **  On  my  first  voyage  to  the  We«t 
Indiefi,  I  wore  a  girl's  riog  ou  my  middle 


finger  hero,  audit  wasn't  long  before,  what 
with  hanling  wet  ropes,  and  what  not,  it 
got  a  kind  of  grown  down  into  thf  flesh, 
and  pained  me  very  bad,  let  me  tell  you, 
it  hugged  the  flnger  so." 

"  And  did  the  girl  grow  as  doao  to 
yon  r  hearty  ladf" 

*■■  Ah,  Captain,  girls  grow  themselves 
off  quicker  than  we  grow  tbeia  on*" 

^^  Some  experience  with  the  connleases 
as  weU  as  myself;  eh !  But  the  story ; 
wave  yoar  yellow  manoj  my  lion — the 
story  .'^ 

So  Israel  went  on,  and  told  the  BI017 
in  all  iiartioulars. 

At  Its  eoncluBion^  Captain  Paul  eyed 
him  very  earnestly.  His  wild,  lonely 
heart,  incapable  of  sympafhiRlng  with 
onddled  natures  made  hum-drum  by  long 
exemption  from  pain,  was  yet  drawn  to- 
wards a  being,  who  in  desperation  of 
friend}e9sn688,  something  Hke  his  own, 
had  so  fiercely  waged  battle  against  tyr- 
rauical  odds. 

"  Did  you  go  to  sea  yonng,  lad  f 

**  Yes,  pretty  young," 

"  I  went  at  twelve,  from  Whitehaven* 
Only  so  high,"  raiding  his  hand  some  four 
feet  from  Ae  deck.  "  I  was  so  stnall»  iind 
looked  60  queer  in  my  little  blue  j^^ket, 
that  tliey  called  me  the  monkey.  Tbevlt 
call  me  something  else  before  long.  Did 
you  ever  sail  out  of  Whitehaven !■' 

"No^  Captain." 

"  If  you  had,  you'd  have  heard  sad 
stories  about  me.  To  this  honr  they  say 
there  that  1, — blood-thirsty — cowara  dc^ 
that  I  aiOi-^flogged  a  sailor,  one  Mango 
Maxwell,  to  death.  It's  a  He,  by  heaven  I 
I  flogged  him,  for  he  was  a  mutinona 
scamp.  But  he  died  naturally^  some  time 
afterwards^  and  on  board  another  ^hip. 
But  why  talk  t  They  didn^t  believe  the 
affidavits  of  others  taken  before  London 
conrtSj  triumphantly  ac^juittlng  me ;  how 
then  will  they  credit  my  interested 
words  ?  If  slander,  however  much  a  lie, 
once  gets  hold  of  a  man,  it  will  sUck 
closer  than  fiur  fame,  as  black  pit<<h 
sticks  closer  than  white  cream^  But  let 
'em  slander*  1  will  give  the  slandercria 
matter  for  cnrses.  When  last  I  left 
Whitehaven,  I  swore  never  again  to  set 
foot  on  her  pier,  except,  like  Oie^r,  at 
Sandwich,  as  a  foreign  invader*  Spring 
under  me^  good  g,hip ;  on  you  I  bound  to 
mj  vengeance  I" 

Men  with  pQignant  feelings,  buried 
under  an  air  of  care-free  self-csommand, 
are  never  proof  to  the  sndden  indte- 
m cote  iff  pussion.     l^'  '^ 

they  may  control  t]j .  y 


urn 


1054.] 


Uratl  Potter;  or,  Fift^  Tean  of  Ejeik. 


485 


U^  m«¥  to  ftll  telf*nMtf«]nL 

a!  I.  iwt  roT  tjsnt  lime.    Thas  with  Piui 

;     i  <j  prencnt  ocoisioD.     Hi*  ijmpsth^ 

jmiih  [unvi]  hifl  i^roEnpUMl  tb In  momentary 

"  l»nniUoD.      Wh*n  it  w*«  gone   by^  lie 

oed  not  A  little  to  rc^r^^t  It.    But  ho 

pamvti  it  over  lightly,  Biylug,  **  Toa  see, 

ftiv  fine  Mlow,  what  sort  of  »  bbody 

I  iini.     Will  you  be  a  iiilor 

1      A  eailor   of    Ibo    cAplain 

rbo  ti tinged  |>oor  Mungo  Maxw^tl  to 

^  I  will  be  very  bappy,  Captaia  Pad, 
t9  b«  Milor  unUer  the  maa  who  will  yet, 
1 4ar9  aay,  help  tlog  tliQ  fintiah  natioQ  to 

**  Yon  hate  'em^  do  ye  ?" 

"like  enake^.  For  months  they've 
iMiit^d  me  M  a  dog/^  balf  howled  and 
Uf  walM  Iflraelt  ai  the  memory  of  all 
bi  iMd  aaiierod. 

**OiTe  me  your  hand,  my  lion ;  wave 

CW  wOd  tax  again.  By  heaven,  yon 
0  fo  well,  1  love  ye.  You  eh  all  be  mj 
eonHdeiitial  man;  «iand  sentry  at  my 
rabih  door;  aleep  in  tlie  cabin;  eteer  my 
baat ;  kt^p  by  my  nide  whenever  I  land 
What  do  yon  fny't" 
"  I  ftay  Vut  glad  to  beaf  yon." 
**  Ytm  are  a  gt>od,  brave  •aol.  Ton 
am  ili«  ^rtt  among  the  millions  of  man- 
ktnc!  tliat  I  »ver  naturally  to^ik  to.  Gotne, 
yon  are  tired.  There!,  go  into  that  itati^ 
room  i&T  io^rdgbt— ira  mine.  You  of- 
fw^d  my  yoor  Swl  in  Paris," 

**  Bat  ytm  begged  oS^  OaptaiQf  and  ao 
mnjit  L     Where  do  you  slrep  V* 

'  Lad,  I  dou^t  Bleep  half  a  night  out 
'  Uonai*    My  dotJie«  have  not  been  off 

r  for  firt  days," 
>J*Allf  OsptailHyoti  sleep  ao  little  and 
""       I  m  mncb,  you  will  die  yonng." 
^  I  know  it :  1  want  to :  I  mean  to. 
Who  wr»ti]d  live  A  dodderwd  old  itump  t 
What  dif  rou  think  of  my  Sootoh  boti' 
wtr 
**  It  lo-iki  w<^ll  on  yon.  Captain/^ 
**  I  hi  you  think  »o!     A  Scateh  bonnet 
tbriugh,  onjflii  to  loiik  well  on  a  Souloh* 
man,     Vtn  flnch  by  birtb.    ta  the  gold 

**1  jold  band,  Captain*     It 

hu\B  wg  Ri  I  ilionld  think  a 

t9vwii  tnlgbt  00  i  ktnf*^* 

**  Yim  would  make  a  better  looking 
king  than  George  JIL^* 

**  Did  yon  ever  i«e  that  old  grmanr  f 
Waddlaa  abont  tn  fkrthingalt^  and  camea 
A  Miooek  &1I.  doai*t  be  V    Did  yon  «vor 


**  Waa  aa  oloee  to  lutii  aa  I  am  to  you 
DOW,  captain.  In  Kew  Garde im  it  waa^ 
where  Iwork^  grav^llinir  the  walk».  I 
was  all  alone  with  bim,  talking  for  some 
ten  minntes/* 

*^By  Jove,  what  a  cbanoel  ffad  I 
bnt  been  there  I  What  an  opportnnity 
for  kiilnappiog  a  British  king,  and  airry* 
ing  him  otl^  In  a  fast-»aihng  amack  lo  ]$os- 
lon,  a  hostage  for  AmeHc^an  freedom, 
Bnt  what  did  you  f  Didn't  yon  try  tu 
do  something  to  him  f 

**  I  bad  a  wicked  thooght  or  two^  cap- 
tain ;  but  I  got  the  better  of  it  Boaidei, 
the  king  behaved  handsomely  towards 
me;  ye^  like  a  trne  man.  God  blesa 
him  for  it,  Bnt  it  was  before  that^  that 
I  got  the  better  of  tlie  wicked  thougtit.^' 
'"^Ah,  m&ant  to  stick  him,  I  mppode. 
Glad  you  didn't*  It  would  have  been 
-vtiTf  shabby.  K#ver  Idll  a  king,  bat 
make  him  captira*  He  looks  better  as  a 
led  horse,  than  a  dead  carcasa.  I  pro- 
pose now,  tbja  trip,  falling  on  the  gronndi 
of  the  Earl  of  Selkirk,  a  privy  oonnad- 
lor,  and  partienlar  private  friend  of 
George  111.  But  I  won*t  Imrt  a  hair  of 
hm  head.  When  I  get  him  on  board 
here,  be  ahall  lodge  in  my  be^t  state- 
room^ whioh  t  mean  to  hang  with  dam- 
ask for  him.  I  nhall  drink  wine  with 
him,  and  be  very  friendly ;  take  him  to 
America,  and  Introduce  his  lordship  into 
the  beat  drdea  there ;  only  I  ib^  have 
him  aeeompanied  on  his  ealla  by  a  fentrv 
or  two  diii^uised  as  valets.  For  the  earl  a 
to  be  on  Bale,  mind ;  ao  mnch  rani»oni ; 
that  i^  the  nobleman.  Lord  Selkirk, 
almil  have  a  bodily  price  pinned  on  his 
coat-tail,  Uke  any  ^lave  up  at  auction  In 
Oharieaton.  But,  my  lad  with  the  yel- 
low mane,  yon  very  itraitgely  draw  ant 
my  accrete.  And  yet  you  don't  talk^ 
Yonr  bonedty  is  a  magnet  which  attracUi 
my  iincerily'  Bnt  1  rely  on  yonr  fide- 
lity." 

*'  I  Abal]  1m  a  vice  to  yonr  pUnji,  Cap- 
tain Panh  I  will  raoeive^  but  i  won't 
let  go,  nnltKHi  yon  atoiM  looaa  the 
eorew^*' 

**  Well  Miid.  To  bed  now ;  von  ought 
to.  I  go  on  deck,  Gtiod*nigntf  aoe-of* 
hearta.^ 

"  TIjat  la  fitter  for  yoniaeH  Oaptain 
Paul ;  lonely  leader  of  the  iniL'* 

^Lonely  I  Aye,  but  numUv  one  can- 
not bnt  be  lonely,  mj  trump." 

^*  Again  1  gi¥e  it  back.  Aee^f- 
trnmjia  may  ii  prove  to  yon,  CapCafu 
Paul ;  may  it  Ni  impoaaible  tor  yon  ew 
to  be  talten.  But  for  fne — poor  deuoe,  i 
treite,  that  come*  in  your  wake-^^ny 


486 


Israd  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Years  of  £!^€, 


Mug  or  kuava  vnny  take  me,  aa  before 
now  the  knaves  bave.'* 

**Tu^  tut,  lad;  never  be  more  cheery 
for  ftiiotlier  titan  for  yaurgelf.  But  a 
fagged  body  fags  the  soal.  To  ham* 
rn^^cb,  U?  hammock!  while  F  go  on  deck 
to  clap  on  more  sail  to  yonr  cradle." 

And  they  separated  for  that  night. 


CHAPTKR  XV, 
vmtr  SAIL  ABfiMitTam  cu^a  Of  ahai. 

NixT  morning  Israel  waa  appointed 
nnarier-master ;  a  subaltern  selected 
frrirn  the  common  seamen,  and  whose 
duty  mostly  itations*  him  In  the  stem  of 
the  ship,  where  the  captain  walks.  Hia 
hoainesa  is  to  carry  the  glass  on  the 
look-out  for  saiJa;  hol^  or  lower  the 
colors;  and  keep  an  eye  on  the  helmaman- 
Picked  oQt  from  the  crew  for  their  anpe- 
rior  respectahiUty  and  intelligenee,  aa 
^ell  m  for  their  excellent  seamanship,  it 
is  not  minsraal  to  find  the  qoartep-maa- 
teTB  of  an  armed  ehip  on  pecoUarly  easy 
terms  wit!i  the  commissioned  offioen 
ftnd    captain.      This    berth,    therefore, 

f laced  Israel  in  official  contignity  to 
'anl,  and  withont  siabjecting  either  to 
animadveniion,  mad©  their  public  inter- 
course on  deck  almost  as  familiar  as 
their  unrestrained  converse  in  tlie  cabin> 
It  waa  a  fine  cool  day  in  the  beginning 
of  April.  They  were  now  off  tlie  coast 
of  Wales^  whose  lofty  raouutAin%  crested 
with  enow,  presented  a  Norwegian 
aspect.  The  wind  was  fair,  and  blew 
with  a  strange^  bestirring  power.  The 
ship — running  l>etween  Ireland  and  Eng^ 
land,  northwards,  towards  the  IrUh  Sea, 
the  inmost  heart  of  the  British  wateni — 
seemed,  aa  s^he  anortlngly  shook  the 
spray  from  her  bow,  to  be  consdouB  of 
tiie  dare-devil  defiance  of  the  soul  which 
coadncted  her  on  this  anomalous  cruise. 
Ratling  alone  from  out  a  naval  port  of 
Frant^e,  crowded  with  fihipa-of'the-line, 
Paul  .Tones,  in  his  small  craft,  went  forth 
in  Ptngle-flrnied  ohaTopiooship  against 
the  English  host.  Armed  with  hot  the 
sling-stones  in  hLs  one  shot- locker,  like 
young  David  of  old,  Paul  bear^ied  the 
British  giant  of  Oath,  It  k  not  easy,  at 
the  present  day,  to  coneeivo  the  hardl* 
hood  of  this  enterprise.  It  waa  a 
marching  up  to  the  mn^s^le.  The  act  of 
one  who  made  no  eompromlee  with  the 
eannonadings  of  danger  or  death ;  such 
a  scheme  as  only  comd  have  inspired  a 
heart  which  held  at  nothing  all  the  pre- 


ftcril>ed  prudence  of  war,  and  every  ob- 
ligation of  peace;  combining  in  one 
breast  the  vengeful  indiir^  "'=^^"  "'id  Mi- 
ter ainbitirm  of  an  ontr;  with 
the  uncompunctaoQB  dt  , —  'f'  ^ 
renegade.  In  one  view,  the  { 
of  the  sea;  in  another,  a  cros-  u 
the  gentleman  and  the  wolf 

As  Paul  stood  on  the  elevated  part  of 
the  quarter-deck,  with  none  but  his  con- 
fidential <iuflrter-master  ne^r  him,  he 
yielded  to  Israera  natural  curii:)sity,  tf» 
learn  something  concerning  the  sflillng 
of  the  eipediLion.  Paul  stood  hghtlj, 
swaying  his  body  over  the  sea,  by  hold- 
ing on  to  the mizMn-shrnnds^ an  attitude 
not  inexpressive  of  his  easy  audacity; 
while  ne^r  by,  pacing  a  few  ttept  to  and 
frOj  his  long  spy  glaFS  now  under  bi§ 
arm,  and  now  pretented  at  hts  eye, 
Israel,  looking  the  very  image  of  vigi- 
lant prudence.  Listened  to  the  warrior** 
story.  It  appeared  that  on  the  night  t^t 
the  visit  of  the  Duke  de  Chartre!*  and 
Count  D*E9taing  to  IXictor  FranMin  In 
Paris — the  same  ni^ht  that  Captain 
Paul  and  Israel  were  joint  occupants  of 
the  neighboring  chamber — the  final 
sanction  of  the  French  king  to  the  fil- 
ing of  an  American  armament  against 
England^  under  the  direction  of  the  Co- 
lonial Commissioner,  was  mode  known 
to  tlie  latter  functionfiry.  It  wn^  a  very 
ticklish  affair*  Though  swaying  on  the 
brink  of  avowed  hostlhiiea  with  Eng- 
land, no  verbal  declaration  had  as  yet 
been  made  hj  France.  Undonbtedly^ 
this  enigmalae  position  of  things  was 
highly  advantageous  to  aucb  an  enter- 
prise na  Paul's* 

Without  detailing  all  the  steps  taken 
through  the  united  efforts  of  Captain 
Paid  and  Doctor  Franklin,  snflee  it 
that  the  determined  rover  ha<l  now  at- 
tained his  wish(  the  unfettered  com- 
mand of  an  armed  ship  in  the  Bntbh 
waters;  a  ship  legitimately  authoriwd 
to  hoist  t he  Amer ican  color? ;  )M'j*f-.itn, 
mander  having  in    his  cobi  - 

regular  eonimisjiion  as  an  otl]  f 

American  navy.  He  sailed  wnhout  any 
instrnctions.  With  that  rare  injsight 
into  rare  naturea  which  so  largtljf  oH- 
tingnished  the  sagacious  Frankiln,  Jie 
sage  well  know  that  a  prowling  l&tocA 
like  Paul  Jonea^  was,  like  the  prtjwling 
Hon,  by  nature  a  solitary  warrior, 
**  Let  him  alone  ;*'  was  the  wi8*»  inan'a 
answer  to  some  statesman  who  stJught 
to  hamper  Paul  with  a  letter  of  Inatruc- 
tioDS, 

Much  aoibUe  cosniatf^  h^a  b^eo  e2* 


Iira€t  FotUr;  or,  Fi/t^  Tean  of  MiU$. 


487 


mm$i^  ii[toTi  t!jo  poJQL  wb ether  Faal 
9Sm  wm  i  kiutve  or  a  h^ru,  or  a  imion 
fsX  b«)th.  Bat  w&r  And  warriors,  Hkt 
polttiea  anti  poUtidAnsiY  Itke  religioci  &iid 
rtligiiixibU,  ii4tiiil  of  no  meUph^Vsica, 

On  tlie  M>oand  d&j  «A«r  lu^V%  arri- 
Ttl  <m  tioiufd  Ihe  RaDg>«r,  aa  h«  and  Panl 
wvTi  eoiir«rsiiig  on  lh«  deck,  Israel  sad- 
J^rilv  K^vdlini^  bin  daafl  towarda  tbe 
aniioijnc4]»a  a  lar^  iML  bcmnd 
i^imger  g.t^e  chase,  and  aoon, 
Alm«jat  wiLliiii  sif^hi  of  her  d^CloatioD — 
tbe  pjrt  i:>f  Dtibliu — the  strangeir  was 
uJDfla,  maan^,  and  taroed  roimd  for 

Tlia  KoiiM'  then  stood  over,  pasaed 
tli«  Iild  of  Mao  towardH  ibe  Cumberland 
ibof«i  nrfivitig  withiii  remote  sight  of 
Whifeelnvaii  about  suoait.  At  dark  she 
mm  lioftrifig  off  the  harbor,  with  a 
Mftj  of  Tolatiteera  all  raadj  to  doaoeod* 
Bat  tba  wind  sbl^ed  and  blew  freab, 
witb  a  Tiotont  fl«A« 
'*  1  W0ii*t  call  OQ  old  friendft  in  foal 
lar,*^  atid  Ctpt&iii  Paul  to  Im«l. 
Wall  aamitar  about  a  little,  and  leave 
it  ou-df  in  A  day  or  two/' 
Kelt  mortLioc,  in  GlentioebaT,  on  tbe 
MMtth  iborv  ol  Sootlaod,  tliej  fell  in  with 
s  nrtaiia  wbenr.  It  was  the  practhxj 
'anoh  cralt  to  board  merchant  Teeselji. 
Ranger  was  diagmaed  aa  a  merchatitr 
^  jinacBting  a  broad  drab-colored 
ill  fonnd  Ear  hull ;  nnder  the  coat 
a  Qnaker,  conceaUng  the  tnieni  of  a 
irk.  It  yrnM  expect^  that  the  ehar- 
rover  would  oome  alongside  the 
'  one.  Bat  the  former  took 
ilghtj  her  two  lug  laiU  atafgering 
iir  a  iieavT  wind,  which  ttie  pursuing 
of  the  Eang^r  ^lt«d  with  a  hail- 
of  ibot»  The  wherr?  eecaped^ 
llie  aerere  eannonade* 
Oft  thw  MrilJ  t>r  Giilowajj  tbe  day  fol- 
irtng.  Paul  R>und  himielf  ao  nigb  a 
WH*?3-ffi'ig!tled  Scotch  ooaeter, 
^^  to  prevent  hi?r  carrying  tidlngi 
liim  to  knd,  be  diapatohed  her  with 
oewa,  item  jbmiuwti  to  Iladea ;  aink- 
bcr*  sod  Afiwliif  her  barley  in  the 
bmdeiut  by  a  broatUide.  From 
y.^.,^.  V.-.  ivemcfl  thut  there  waa  a 
'»r  thirty  iail  at  aoolior  ia 

h     ,  ,      .^ij   an  armed  brlKaJotlne. 

«  ffiinted  \\i%  prow  tliitlier ;  but.  at  the 
iinoutb  lit  the  loch,   the  wlud    turned 
UBt  hlin  agaiti^  in  hard  iqnalla.    He 
idoD^d   the  prtTJect.    Shcmy  after^ 
encountered  a  aIoop  frtrm   Dublin, 
funk  her  ta  prevaot  intelligeooe. 
Tlina^  ae^mltif  aa  much  to  biw*  tlie 
tAl  oomtlMlaii  of  KutQr«^  as  the 


roilitji ry  warrant  of  Oonifreai,  iwarthy 
Ptiul  darted  hither  aud  tbitber;  holer- 
ing like  a  thnDder-clond  off  the  crowded 
harbors ;  then^  beaten  off  by  an  adverie 
wind,  di>*charg}ng  hla  lightninga  on 
nnoompanioned  veasela,  whoae  riolittide 
made  them  a  more  oonffpicuoug  and 
easier  inark^  like  lonely  tree»  on  the 
heath.  Yet  all  thia  while  the  laud  waa 
fidl  of  garrjaonsj  the  embayed  watere 
full  of  &eta.  With  the  impunity  of  a 
Levanter,  Paul  ikimtned  his  oraflln  the 
land-locked  heart  of  the  supreme  naval 
power  of  earth ;  a  ttir^ieda^eel,  imknow- 
ingly  swallowed  by  BritJiin  in  a  draught 
of  old  ooeen,  and  uaaking  sad  haroo 
with  her  yitals. 

Bednff  ne^rt  a  large  Teasel  ateering  hf 
the  Oyde,  be  gave  chase,  hoping  to  cut 
her  off.  The  stranger  prov^iug  a  fast 
sailer,  the  pursuit  was  urged  on  with 
vehemence^  Panl  slandinir.  pi  ank -proud  ^ 
on  the  quarter-deck,  oalLing  for  pulb 
npon  every  rope,  to  stretch  each  already 
balf-hurst  aail  to  the  uttermo^t^ 

While  thus  engaged,  suddenly  a  shadow^ 
like  that  thrown  by  an  erlipso,  wa^i  seen 
rapidly  pitning  along  the  deck,  with  a 
fharp  denned  Ituo^  plain  m  a  seam  of  the 
planks.  It  iuTolvetl  all  before  it  It 
was  the  domineonnif  sharlow  of  the 
JuoQ  Feruandez-hke  Crag  of  Ailsii.  The 
Ranger  was  in  the  deep  water  wblcb 
makes  all  round  and  close  up  to  this  greit 
summit  of  the  sabmarine  Grampians. 

The  crtg,  more  than  a  mile  in  circuit, 
Is  over  a  tnonsand  feet  high,  eight  milei 
from  the  Ayrshire  shore.  TlK^rt*  n tends 
the  00 TB,  l«»ue!y  as  a  foundling,  proud  ai 
Ohi«opa.  Bat,  liko  Uie  bnttered  braina 
atinnottntlng  the  Giaul  of  Oath,  Its 
banghty  iummft  Is  crowned  by  a  dcao- 
late  castlct  in  and  out  of  who«e  arebai 
the  a«rlai  mieta  eddy  like  purposekv 
phantoms^  thronging  the  soul  of  soiat 
ruinous  genina,  who^  even  In  overthrow, 
harbors  none  but  lo^y  eonoeptiunA. 

As  tb«  Ranger  aliot  nlgher  under  the 
crmg,  ibi  lieklit  and  bulk  dwarfed  both 
pursuer  ana  pufpned  Into  nnt^eholls. 
The  malu-f  ruck  of  tlio  Kangcr  was  nine 
hundred  feet  below  the  fouudutjous  of 
the  ruin  on  the  orag^s  top. 

WhOe  tha  ibjp  was  yet  under  the 
shadow^  and  each  aeaman^s  face  shared 
in  the  general  fkolipae,  a  sudden  chango 
came  over  Pauh  He  Iprauod  no  more 
aultanloai  orders.  lU  did  not  hK>k  eo 
elate  as  before*  At  lengtli  he  gave  tlie 
<»immand  to  diseootinue  the  eliaae* 
Torriiiig  about,  the j  sailed  ■outhward. 

*'C«ptAln  Ptni;'  sftid  larMl,  ahorl(y 


488 


Ijirml  PUkr;  or,  Fi/hj  Years  nf  ExiU^ 


[Hor. 


afterwards,  "jou  ohnaged  your  mind 
raiher  queerlj  about  cat^Uing  thai  craft, 
Bal  }^ou  111  ought  fibe  wasi  drawmg  us  too 
far  u|>  into  the  land,  I  suppose*" 

*'Sitik  the  craft,"  cried  Paul;  **it  was 
not  any  f&ar  of  her,  nor  of  King  George, 
which  made  me  turn  on  iny  heel;  it 
was  yon  coek  of  the  walk*" 

"Cock  of  Uje  walk?" 

"Aye;  cook  of  tiie  waJk  of  the  sea; 
look,^yon  Crag  of  Ailsa." 


caAPfKA  i:TL 
ram  looc  m  At  i?4KftrciE»xB0DS,  aitb  ^miass&  om 

Next  day,  aif  Carrickfergae,  on  the 
Iiifth  coast,  a  fislung  boat,  allured  by  the 
Qii^er-like  look  of  the  incogtiito  craft, 
c&me  off  in  full  confidence.  Her  men 
were  seized,  their  vessel  emik.  From 
tliem  Paul  leAraed  that  the  large  ship 
at  anchor  in  the  road,  wa^  tlie  Hhip*of- 
war  Brake,  of  twenty  gnns.  Upon  this 
he  steered  away^  resolring  to  return 
aecretly,  and  attack  her  that  night. 

"  Surely,  Captain  Paul^"  said  Israel  to 
Ilia  oomniander,  aa  about  snnaet  they 
baoked  and  stood  m  again  for  the  land^ 
"  flurely,  sir,  you  are  not  going  right  iu 
among  them  thk  wayt  Why  not  wait 
till  she  comes  out  f " 

"  Because,  Yellow-hair,  my  hoy,  I  am 
engaged  to  marry  her  to-night.  The 
bride's  friends  won't  like  the  match ; 
and  sOf  this  very  night,  the  bride  mu^it 
be  earned  away.  She  has  a  nice  taper- 
ing waist,  hasn't  she,  through  the  glass? 
Ah  \  I  will  ehi^p  her  to  my  heart," 

He  Fteered  straight  in  like  a  friend ; 
under  easy  sni],  lounging  towards  the 
Drake,  with  anchor  ready  to  drop,  and 
grapnels  to  hug.  But  the  wind  was 
high;  the  anchor  was  not  dropped  at 
the  ordered  time.  The  Kanger  came  to 
a  itatid  three  biscuita'  to^  off  the  uumia- 
giving  enemy 'a  quarter,  like  a  peaceful 
mcrcliautman  from  the  Canadas,  laden 
wirh  harmless  lumber. 

*^  I  shan't  marry  her  just  yet,''  whis- 
pered Paul,  seeing  big  phiiift  for  the  tim© 
frustrated.  Gaxing  in  audacious  tran- 
quillity upoti  the  deoks  of  Uie  enemy;  and 
amicably  answering  her  hull,  with  com- 
plete eeljf-poasesaiou,  he  commanded  the 
cable  to  be  slipped,  and  then,  aa  if  he 
had  aeeldentally  parted  hia  anchor,  turned 
his  prow  on  the  Beaward  t4^c!k,  meaning 
to  return  again  imuiediately  with  the 
same  prosj^ect  of  adraaiage  posaaaaed  at 
firȣ^    W\A  plan  being  to  crash  suddenly 


athwart  the  JDrakeV  bow,  so  as  to  liar© 
all  her  decks  exposed  point-blank  to  hia 
musketry.  But  once  more  the  witjdtt 
interposed.  It  came  on  with  a  storm 
of  snow;  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  his 
project. 

Thus,  without  any  warlike  appearanee| 
and  giTing  no  idarm,  Pati],  like  an  invM 
aihie  ghoat,  glided  by  night  close  to  landfi 
actually  came  to  anchor,  for  an  instant, 
within  speak! Dg-dlsftance  of  mi  Englisli 
ship-of-war;  and  yet  came,  anehure*3^ 
answered  hail,  reconnoitereo,  dt?bated, 
decided^  and  retired,  wiihont  exciting  the 
leaat  snapicion,  Hia  purpose  was  chain- 
shot  destruction.  So  easily  may  tlie 
deadliest  foe — so  he  be  but  dexterona — 
slide,  undreamed  of,  into  hnm?ir-  Khp>" 
or  hearts.  And  not  n wakened  r 
but  mere  prudence,  restrain  sn.  yj 

T&niah  again  without  doing  harm.     A| 
daybreak  no  soul  in  Carrickfergus  knen 
l^at  the  devi!,  in  a  Scoteh  bonnet,  had 
passed  close  tliat  way  over  night* 

Seldom  has  regicidal  dartog  been  mari) 
sta-angeiy  coupled  with  octogenarian  prn- 
dencdj  than  in  many  of  the  predatory 
enterprises  of  Paul,  It  is  this  ©oinbina- 
tlon  of  apparent  inoompaiibilitfes  wMch 
rauka  him  among  extraordinary  war- 
riors. 

Ere  daylight,  the  storm  of  the  night 
blew  over.  The  aun  saw  the  Banger  ly- 
ing midway  over  chaunel  at  the  ht^ad  of 
the  Irish  Sea;  England,  Seotliisid  and 
Ireland,  with  all  their  lofty  f ! 
simultaneously  as  plainly  in  sii:  s 

the  grftss-green  waters,  as  the  ij\v^  ilall, 
8t*  PanPa,  and  the  Astor  Houiie,  from 
the  triangular  Park  in  Hew  York, 
The  three  kingdoms  lay  c<ivered  with 
snow,  far  as  the  eye  could  reach. 

'*  Ah,  Yellow-bair,"  said  Paul,  with  a 
smile,  "^  they  show  tbe  white  flag,  tb« 
cravens.  And,  while  the  white  flag  etars 
blanketing  yonder  heights,  we'll  mak^g 
for  Whitehaven,  my  boy.  I  promi^ 
to  drop  iu  there  a  moment  ere  quittill 
the  oouutry  for  good,  Israel  lad,  1  me 
to  step  aabore  in  person,  and  have  ft  ] 
sonal  hand  in  tbe  thing.  Did  y^n  ever 
drive  spikes  t 

*^  Pre  driven  the  aplke-teeth  into  bar' 
rows  before  now,"  replied  Israel  \  **  but 
that  was  before  I  was  a  sailor.'^ 

"  Well  then,  driving  spikes  into  U&r- 
Towa  is  a  good  introdujction   to   drivls  ~ 
apikea  into  can  no  o.     You  are  just 
man.    Put  down  your  glass ;  go  ta  1 
carpenter,  get  a  hnndredspikea^  pntt' 
in  A  bucket  with  a  liammtr,  and  brio 
aU  to  me;^ 


IBS4.} 


lifml  Potter;  m^^  Fi^^  Tmr$  0/  JEril#. 


4S9 


I 


Am  *  '  '  \  the  ^Teat  pmmontory 

eC  8t  t(1,  wlUi  »u  lightlinoie, 

irat  f«r  TrHit  »  iiiti»!i(iv».'ii^  xviLs  in  dl^i«nt 
rfig^L  Bnt  llie  inod  hcc^l1nl^  »o  light, 
ihMl  pjinlcotild  n»H  work  hi»  ship  In  dnso 
rnonjfh  at  an  lionr  m  i;4rlj  iw  in lu  11  Jed. 
Utt  puriMi«o  hud  Iti^en  to  im\kA  the  (k'««.H>nt 
iAtl  reUf^  «««  breftk  of  d»y.  ttiit  thouf^h 
thl^  Jiitiviitlon  wiis  friHtnited,  ho  did  titit 
T'  I  iho  jir«a<;nt  Would 

tie  V.    ■  ■  •     'y- 

Sa  lij«   uiisitt  w<jr<j  on,  iind  the  ship 
II  vrfT  li^hl  wirtd  glided  nij^iier  iiad 
ler  '  Piiul  ciilW  upon  lirftol 

to  ppc*^ '  M  k  14  for  (i  n  nli  w  Apectsoii. 

Ti     ■  4'  til©  flplkoa  too  IttTgcj, 

h»  i  down  0  litik.    Hi*  snw 

t.  *         -    -  'V  <,     IJke 

p.  <^*mall' 

\  geniii^ 

■,      But 

.,.,  ., t    -wble  to 

<  >  lijvrj't  sei^  hohind  ono'i 

!  thttt  mi  Im- 

0  in  the  pro- 

■    WhiUjhi*Vtiii. 

rf>n!Ahed,  At  tJiat  pmod,  n 

11  or  wsvt?!!  tbou- 

idiMl  by  flft«, 

■  tui  JoBoi!,  li^rACil  Potter, 

Jthersi,  rowi^d  in  two 

t  or  seven  thouaiind 

iiwem.    Th«sre  wn* 

in.    Thift  waa  done  in 

ntlenoe.     Not  a  &oiind  wa^  heard 

•seijit  t^  oafw  tarniDg  in  the  rowlook^ 

Votoiiig  waa  w^n  except  ihu  two  li|,'ht- 

hoaKi  of  iJjo  liarbor,     Thrungb  theD^- 

Mil  WMQ  Iii4<  darkne^  th#  two  dcep*hi* 

4m  hMdm  fwam  tnto  the  havotif  likv  t^o 

iii|9f«riotw  whale*  from  the  Arctic  Bea, 

Aa  IJIC7  fiaebed  the  onttfr  p^er,  the  men 

a«w  wk  other'*  fiic<w.    The  dfiy  waa 

dawoiiif.     Th#  rij?«j<*fi  and  other  ani- 

MUM  of  tho  thitii  ^  1  k'fore  very 

lo^  \m  aaiir.    N 

TiM>  gPciit  mapJv  i  ^iMirt.  ri  from  White- 
haTen  wa«  then,  and  Ptlll  ia^  ooal.  The 
town  b  ittfTootiiW  by  minea  \  the  town 
14  linilt  on  taffi^;  It^fthftKi  moor  ovor 
ifivriL-i  Th..  mirf^  honejoomh  tlio  land 
in  .lad  extend  in  pMm^m 

'*!  ^.  ^  vvo  miltti  Qiidor  ili#  iot. 

Bj  tb«  faiiinj;  in  of  ch«  more  an.d«nt 
Mlkriea,  numerntL^  honAc«  liav«  bi»<$n 
ffWfttbwr<I,  a*  if  by  an  c^arthatiake ;  and 
•  OOOsterr^atioQ  ftpr^d  like  llmt  of  ri«^ 
boii«  la  1 755,  So  loaeonra  and  trcacbef- 
Mi  waa  tbif  iit«  of  the  pinre  now  aWtil 
t»  W  M«il«d  h]f  a  d««|»erado,  Dumdi 
Mm  lilt  ma,  1q  m  vitab. 
1?-— S3 


h 


i': 


■: 


Fow,  (Mining  on  Uio  Thamca,  nigh  Ita 
month,  of  fair  day^v  when  the  wind  ia 
favorable  for  inwanl  boand  eraft,  the 
^trangier  will  soniotiuies  see  procei^ona 
(if  vesjiijk,  all  of  ^imilaf  size  and  Hf, 
atreteblng  for  miJea  and  miles,  like  a  hm^ 
string  of  horses  tied  two  and  two  to  % 
rope  and  driven  to  market  Thefl«  are 
coiiiers  g*)ingto  London  with  ooal. 

About  three  hand  red  of  thaae  veiaeto 
now  lay,  all  crowded  togetlier,  in  cmo 
dense  mob,  at  Whitehaven.  The  tid# 
wafl  otit.  Tiiey  ky  cornpletely  helpteai^ 
dear  of  water,  and  pfronndcxL  They 
were  iootjrin  hue.  Their  bhwvk  yards 
were  decpfy  cnnted,  like  ftpears,  to  avoid 
mllishin.  Tho  thn?e  hundred  gHmj 
hulls  liiy  wnllowing  in  the  mud,  like  a 
herd  of  hippo;iotAml  asleep  in  the  allu- 
viuin  of  the  Nile.  Tbeif  tailtoM,  raking 
nm»td^  and  canted  Tarda,  re«omb1c!d  a  tot- 
OHt  of  ^'(b-flpears  tbrnst  into  tbo«c  aaina 
hippor»otnmn#  bide§.  Partly  flanklnip 
ono  aide  of  the  gfonnded  fleoE  waa  a  fort, 
whose  batteries  were  raised  firom  the 
bcmch.  On  a  Uttle  iitrip  of  this  bt*ofh, 
at  the  ba*e  of  the  ftirt^  lay  a  n  inn  tit' r  of 
fmall  rnsty  guns^  diamonnted,  hoaiKHl  to- 
jjr^ther  jn  diJiorder,  m  a  litter  of  dog». 
Above  them  projeet^HJ  the  tnouutod 
cannon. 

Panl  landed  in  bl^own  Uoatattbelbot 
of  this  fort  Tie  di»^pat€he<l  iho  other 
boat  to  the  north  side  of  the  haven,  with 
ordem  to  fire  tln^  shipping  tb^jro.  Leav- 
ing two  men  at  the  ln*ach,  be  then  pro- 
ceeded to  gtjt  pofi^4*8<4ion  of  tbo  fort, 

^^  Ufjld  m\  to  tho  bucket,  and  give  tne 
yonr  shoulder,"  ^mA  he  to  Tiraeh 

Uedng  I^rad  for  a  ladder,  in  a  triee 
he  scaled  the  wsill  Tlie  bucket  and  the 
men  fell  owed.  He  led  the  way  aofVly  to 
the  {ctinrd-honi^,  btim  In,  and  bound  the 
!M?ntinels  in  tlit.<ir  Ble4?p.  Then  arranging 
his  forces  order^  t<^nf  men  to  spike  the 
can  mm  there. 

**  Now,  Uracl,  yonrbnekcti  and  follow 
mo  to  lb tj  other  fort," 

The  two  went  alone  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile, 

''Captiiin  Fani,"  aald  Israel,  on  the 
way,"  can  we  two  manage  the  sentinels  f  *- 

**Tljere  are  none  in  the  furt  we  goto,'* 

**  Von  know  all  about  the  place,  eap- 
tAlnr 

**  Pretty  well  informed  on  that  subject, 
I  believe.  Oome  atong^  Yes,  lad,  I  am 
tolerably  well  ar<|nainted  witli  WliJt^ 
haven.  And  tlii*  momiflg  intend  Uiat 
Wbttohaven  shall  bare  a  slight  inkling  of 
wm    Gone  cnu    Here  wo  are."* 

SoiSbif  tlm  walki  the  two  Invdnii- 


400 


Israel  Potter ;  or^  Fift^  Fmrs  of  I^xiU, 


[Not. 


taiily  stood  for  an  InsUot  gazing  upon 
tho  HOene.  The  prnj  light  of  the  dnwn 
ihowed  theerowded  houses  and  throng^ed 
Hbip«  with  a  hag^gard  dUtiactoess. 

*'  Spike  aiid  hammer^  lad ; — so, — -now 
follow  me  aloDg,  aa  I  go,  and  give  me  & 
«piko  for  every  cannon.  I'll  tongue* tie 
the  ihundererg.  Sfieak  no  more  1^^  and 
he  spiked  the  tirsl  gan,  "Be  a  mute," 
aad  he  spiked  the  secimd,  *^  Dumfoonder 
thee,"  and  he  spiked  the  tliird.  And  so, 
on,  and  on,  aud  on ;  fsrael  following  him 
with  the  bucket,  hke  a  footman,  or  some 
ch  an  table  geuiteinon  with  a  haaket  of 
alms, 

*^  There,  it  is  done.  D'ye  aee  tlie  fire 
yet^  1a*3,  from  tlio  south  I    I  don't*' 

**Not  a  lipark,  Captain*  Bab  day- 
sparks  come  on  in  the  east," 

"Forked  Hatnes  into  the  hotindal 
What  are  they  ah  on  1 1  Quick,  let  na 
baek  to  ibe  fif^t  fort ;  perhaps  sotneLhing 
has  happened,  and  they  are  there." 

Stire  enough,  on  their  return  from 
apiking  the  cannon  Panl  and  Israel  found 
the  otJier  boat  back ;  the  crew  in  confu* 
«lon ;  their  lantern  having  bornt  out  at 
the  very  instant  they  wanted  it*  By  a 
Buigular  fatality  the  otiier  lantern,  he- 
longing  to  Paura  boat,  was  likewise  ex- 
tinguished. No  tinder-bo3t  had  been 
brought.  They  had  no  matehea  but  snl* 
phur  matehea,  Lc^co-fooos  where  not 
then  known. 

The  day  carne  on  apace.     * 

"Captain  Paul,"  said  the  heutenant 
of  the  secotid  boat,  -4t  19  madnesa  to  stay 
longer,  See!'^  and  he  pointed  to  the 
toift^n,  now  plainly  dlsoernible  in  the  grey 
light, 

"Traitor,  or  coward  I"  howled  Paul, 
*^how  came  the  lanterns  oat!  Israel, 
my  lion,  now  prove  your  blood.  Get  ine 
a  light — but  one  spark  T^ 

^^  Has  any  man  here  a  bit  of  pipe  and 
tobacco  in  \m  pfH^ketT*  aaid  Israel, 

A  sailor  {jiiickly  produced  an  old  stuixip 
of  a  pipe,  with  tobacco, 

"That  will  do;"  and  IsTiel  harried 
away  toward;*  the  town. 

"What  wijl  the  loon  do  with  the 
pi  pe  If "  mid  one,  **  And  where  goes  he  V  * 
cried  anotJien 

"  Let  him  alone,"  said  Panl. 

The  invader  now  disposed  hta  whole 
force  so  as  to  retreat  at  an  [n9tant''a 
warning.  Meantime,  the  hardy  Israel^ 
long  eiperii^nced  in  Skll  iiortt  of  shifts  and 
€iiiergende8,  boldly  ventured  to  procure, 
fro m  »n in e  i  I L habi tant  of  W h i tehav en ,  a 
Bpark  to  kifHile  all  Whitehaven'a  hsbita- 
tiom  in  flames. 


There  was  a  lonely  hoxm&  ttandiag 
sonjCiwhat  disjointed  from  the  t4iwn; 
some  poor  laborer's  alH>de*  Eapping  ftt 
the  door,  Israel,  pip©  in  mouth,  begi^^ 
the  in  mates  for  a  light  for  his  tobacco. 

"  "What  the  devil,'*  roared  a  voice  from 
within;  *' knock  up  a  man  this  time  of 
night,  to  light  your  pipe  f     Bi^gone  l" 

"Yon  are  lazy  this  morning,  tny 
friend,"  replied  Israel ;  "  it  is  daylight. 
Quick,  give  me  a  light,  Don*t  yon  knuw 
your  old  friend  ?  Bhame  1  oijen  the 
door,** 

Id  a  moment  a  sleepy  fellow  appeared, 
lei  down  the  bar,  and  Israel^  stalking 
into  the  dim  rtxim,  piloted  himself 
straight  to  tlie  fire-place,  raked  away 
the  elude r%  lighted  his  tobacK^o,  and 
vanished. 

All  was  done  la  a  fiash.  The  man, 
stupid  with  sleep,  had  looked  on  be- 
wildered.  Ho  reeled  to  the  door;  bat 
dodging  behind  a  pile  of  bricks,  Israel 
had  already  hurried  himself  out  of 
sight, 

*'Well  done,  my  lion,"  waa  the  hail  he 
received  from  Paul,  who,  during  liis 
absence^  had  mustered  as  many  pipeo  as 
po^ihie,  in  order  to  oomniunieate  aisd 
multiply  the  fire. 

Both  boats  now  pulled  tti  a  favorable 
point  of  the  principal  pier  of  tijc  harbor, 
crowded  close  np  to  a  part  of  which  lay 
one  wing  of  the  colliers. 

The  men  hegan  to  murmnr  at  persist- 
itig  in  au  attempt  impossible  ta  he  con* 
cealed  nmch  longer.  They  were  afraid 
to  venture  on  board  the  grim  co11ier#^ 
and  go  groping  down  into  their  hulls  to 
fire  them.  It  seemed  like  a  voluntary 
entrance  into  dungeons  and  death. 

'*  FolloTv  me,  all  of  yon  but  ten  hy  the 
boats,"  said  Paul,  without  noticing  their 
murmurs,  "  Atid  now,  to  put  an  end  to 
all  future  burnings  in  Amorica,  hy  one 
mighty  conflagration  of  shipping  iuBngf* 
land.  Come  on,  lads  I  Pipes  and  matdies 
in  the  van  I" 

He  would  have  distributed  the  men  so 
OS  sivDnltaneously  to  fire  dilTerertt  shini 
at  dilTerent  |K>ints,  were  it  not  that  tne 
latene&s  of  die  hour  rendered  ^tch  a 
course  insanely  hazardous.  Stationing 
hij  party  in  fi'ont  of  one  of  tlie  wind* 
ward  coUiera,  Paul  and  Israel  sprang  on 
borifd. 

In  a  twinkling,  they  had  li  ' 
a  boatswain's  locker,  anil, 
bunches  of  oak  um^  fine  and  div  ;i--  iiM.le 
had  leaped  into  the  Rteerape.  Here, 
while  Paul  made  a  bhu#,  Xsmel  run  to 
collect  tlie  tar-pots,  which  being  presendy 


' 


10S4.J 


Ttnul  Poller;  or,  Fyt^  Tturi  of  Eailt, 


491 


11 


poured  Oii  ^u  bttruhig  iimLchM^  oaktim 
uiil  wciod,  iooo  incroa^  the  6anio. 

**  It  Is  iw>t  a  fore  thiajt  jret,"  ftdd  Paul, 
^w«  mnit  hftTe  a  barrel  of  bnr.''^ 

MATGlttd  Abant  imtil  tbey  foaiid 
iodt^d  out  the  hciul  fu>d  bottom^ 
iftd  ftot*d  h  liko  a  martyr  in  Ujg  midst 
of  tJi«  Ikmi^a*  Tli4)y  ibeti  retr<»aied  up 
th«  ^nr&rd  balcliway,  wldle  valamca  of 
Rtmike  weri©  belched  frtim  tlie  aAur  one^ 
Not  till  Uiis  momfiit  did  Putil  lienf  tbo 
eriet  of  Ids  men^  warning  liim  that  the 
faliAUit««t«  werv  &ot  only  actually  ^iir, 
bat  erorwdi  were  on  their  way  to  the 

iM  bi  ■imng  ont  of  tlie  Eniiokd  towifda 
Ui#  nil  of  the  collier,  he  aaw  the  ■nn 
rinfij,  with  tbottaandj  of  the  people*  In- 
diridtiAla  hnrHed  cloie  to  the  barBiug 
laatL  X^tping  to  tije  ^ou&d^  Paul, 
IMItag  lilt  men  stand  fast,  ran  to  thdr 
firwnt^  ttm^  idtaoein^  aboni  thirty  feet, 
priiWPt^d  his  own  pbtol  at  now  tnmul* 
tnoQi  Whlteh&ven. 

TboM  who  had  rttshod  to  extlngtiUli 
wlnift  tbey  had  deetotMl  hot  an  loeyeDial 
llrei  wtpe  now  parti  j^ed  mtoidiotlo  tnio- 

llri 


Cii 


I 


noe  of  the  incendiary; 

110   sudd<?a    pirate  or 

va  &utn  the  moon. 

^  flood  goardJDgthe  In- 

fion,  Israel,  without  a 

WMncm,  d««hed  cnudly  towarda  th«  inoh 

imaborc. 

Cotna  back,  come  bick,"  <^0d  Pant 

Not  till  I  »tiirt  ^h*m  ib»op|  as  their 

woU-68  timny  a  time  itarted  me  1  ^^ 

h«  niflhed  barii-headed,  like  a  tuail- 

towards   thei   crowd,    the    panic 

mMd«    Tboy  lied  from  uoamied  Imiel, 

nrtbtr  than  they  Imd  frotn  tLe  pistol  of 

Th0  flamea  now  eat<;hing  the  rigging 
and  •ptralling  around  t!ji^  mjyta,  the 
wkdo  lihlp  bnrned  at  one  t^nd  of  the  bar* 
bof,  wbUa  the  tun,  an  hour  high,  bomed 
at  the  oth«r.  Alarm  and  atuaxemeni, 
not  aleefi,  now  ruled  the  world.  It  wa« 
tiipfl  U)  retreat, 

11»ej  re-embark chI  withoat  oppoeltloti, 
fifil  raletfing  a  few  (iriioneni  aa  the 
boiia  eottld  not  carry  IhenL 

Jan  aa  lanel  waa  liiptiif  Itito  the 


boat,  he  saw  the  man  nt  whose  boose  be 
bad  procured  the  ire,  staring  like  a  sim- 
pleton at  him. 

**  That  WM  good  aeed  you  gaTe  me," 
eaid  larael,  "  see  what  a  yield ;''  pointing' 
to  the  fianiea.  lie  then  dropped  tnio  the 
bout,  IcaTiDg  only  Paul  on  tlie  pier* 

The  men  ciied  to  their  commander^ 
oonjuring  him  not  to  lingrer. 

Bat  Paul  remained  for  several  mo* 
jnent«,  confronting  in  silcflf^  the  clamors 
of  tlie  rnob  beyond,  ami  waving  bis  soli- 
titry  hand,  like  a  disdainful  touialmwk, 
tow  arch  tlie  fiurronnding  emiocnce?^^  ulao 
covered  witJi  the  affrighted  inhabitants. 

When  the  as^aihiiiLa  had  rowiMl  pretty 
wdl  of^  the  English  rutsbed  in  grcst  nuuir 
hers  to  their  forts,  but  only  t*)  find  their 
CABnon  DO  better  Uian  sci  umah  iron  in 
the  ore.  At  length,  however,  they  be- 
gan to  fire,  having  either  bruughi  down 
some  ihip*i*  guns,  or  el^  mounted  the 
rusty  o!d  dog*  lying  at  the  foot  of  the 
first  fort 

lu  their  en^ferness  they  fired  witb  no 
diaeretton^  1  he  shot  fell  abort ;  they  did 
not  the  iliglitest  damagtiL 

Paul's  men  langbod  aloud,  and  £red 
tlielr  piitob  in  the  air. 

Not  a  EpU liter  wua  made,  not  a  drop 
of  blood  spilkd  throigboit  the  i&if. 
The  intentional  harmlemneas  of  the  re> 
suit,  OS  to  human  life^  was  only  ei^ualjod 
by  the  de^iierate  courage  of  the  deed.  It 
furtDe<^l,  do  ub  dees,  one  featare  of  the 
catnpasj^lonato  contempt  of  Paul  towards 
the  town^  that  he  took  sucli  patc^nml  euro 
of  iheir  lives  and  limbs. 

Had  it  l«K?n  pos*jbki  to  have  landed  a 
few  hours  earllor,  not  a  sJiip  nor  a 
house  could  bav^  escaped.  Hilt  it  was 
tbe  tesiion^  not  the  loe^  tlsat  tiitd.  As  It 
wan,  enough  damage  Imd  bet^u  done  to 
demonstrate — m  Paul  !iad  deokred  to  the 
wiae  matt  lu  Parie— tJitt  the  dlaaster^ 
eaused  by  tlie  wanton  flret  and  asaaidti 
on  the  Amorioan  eoaiU,  could  be  easily 
broaght  home  to  the  enemy ^s  doon. 
Though,  lndee4l,  if  the  retallnUtrs  were 
beaded  by  Paul  Jono«,  tbw  twithfaciion 
would  not  bo  equal  to  the  in^-ult,  tK^ing 
abated  by  tbe  tnagfiinlmity  of  a  dilvaf 
roQ%  h0weY«r  miprlnfilplM  a  foe* 


(T«  bt  ea&ito«#<|.) 


Sl«4lD|k  roliinit  %ti  Svwien— Futlnt  with  Murle  A-nloiaclio^-^ir^lBh  luriilod  of  &iui|A-8ledlnfk'»  MllUaj^/ 
£xj^tDlti  In  FiuljiQd^QiutaTm  tIL  nud  Uie  BAtOe  &r  3weiuktiui4— Sw«4Uh  NftTj  In  1T9<^  mud  l&M— AUrn 
lb  at,  Puieiubtirf— Cnlherlni;*J  Pn?jMiralii>iii  for  FUghl— Stcdlogk  Atnbkiudor  to  RosftSm— Ftfit  Dftpale^^ 
l*rlnco  of  NMiiitt— Bulletlu  Qgarrel  with  Giifttftinu  111.— S*UTCii^-Cour»  ofCitberlnc— SieOlngli'ta  ]*re«eiLl4- 
tloii— Raulut  EewLTdi  sod  Dec^rfttlout^S^U  at  tins  Hermllmfts^Imperljil  F»niUy^DipliM&illd  OnwrWI- 
Han  upon  lh«  Exc-CQtloEi  of  StetteskD— Irati— ExtrjLTftfuit.  Jdeai  of  a  Buuiaa  Ajbbuttftdor— StedJattl^ 
gucccBt— Sketch  of  C«r»— AceeMlon  of  CfcUierlii&— Hej-  Chj^racLeTi  f]^eiil«  md  P*noiial  Ap$«Km>ce— 
MiuiJer  of  QuilaTTiu  UL  at  &  Fmntf  Ball— I>e»th  of  Marie  Antolaettc— Hlitorj  and  Murder  of  Coiia* 
Fencn— ElTectJ  ttjMm  Stedlogk- AcccaslOb  of  (Ju»liimi  lT<--Adolph3ii. 


: 


STEDINGK  r^mamed  nt  the  French 
Court  seTcn  years  after  liia  returu  from 
America;  seven  years*  of  almost  unmter- 
ruptecl  Imcrj  and  charm,  wbi^se  inflaence 
upon  mmi  men  would  have  been  efletni- 
natiDg.  Moreover,  hebeoame  m  much  a 
Freuchtnan  as  a  Swede;  and  as  we  shall 
preaently  se«?,  an  uneonquerable  longing 
for  Francej  aJ though  never  tainting  hia 
lojaltj,  stcK>d  some  limes  m  the  way  of  a 
ffraceftil,r«adyde<;bjonin  accjepling  Swe- 
dish honors  and  trustJ,  which  the  partial- 
it  J  of  hh  eoveroigu  heaped  upon  him. 
0itBtavi2i  well  uuderatcoa  Bledi»gk'a  <^- 
paeitiei.  They  were  indeed  of  a  high  and 
hrllHant  order;  hut  ther«  had  been  a 
muii^le  in  the  parting  w<irds  of  Marie 
Antinnette,  which  reinamed  long  ringing 
in  hif;  ear,  and  he  rose  arnong  the  most 
prominent  Swedes  of  the  time,  almoit 
In  tplte  of  himself.  Had  ho  not  possessed 
a  nicer  sense  of  honor  and  of  loyal  duty 
than  some  of  his  contemporaries,  and  had 
the  Bourbons  pro.^perea  in  their  legiti- 
macy^  we  should  have  traced  his  career  in 
a  direction  different  fram  that  in  which 
we  are  now  to  follow  hira.  Yielding  at 
last  to  the  wishes  and  to  the  cunn^el  of 
Gofitavos,  he  tore  himself  from  the  petit 
muptT$  of  the  queen,  and  fVom  all  mo&e 
blandishments  of  her  court,  whicb,  from 
his  letters,  mu>t,  indeed.  Lave  been  sedue- 
tive*  **  Remember,  Monsieur  de  6to- 
dingk,"  said  Mario  Antoinette^  bidding 
him  farewell, — *''remeiuber  to  depend 
upou  me,  and  ibat  no  misforton©  ehall 
befall  you  I"— Poor  queen!  Six  yeari 
after  uttering  this  omnij>otent  assurance, 
ihe  was  dr%^ged  to  the  scaffiild,  through 
every  vile^st  degradation. 

Ste<lingk  left  France  in  17B7;  and  did 
not  again  revisit  the  scenes  he  loved  so 
well,  until,  in  command  of  the  Swedish 
army  and  ambais$«i<]or  of  the  Swedii^h 
king f  be  repaired  to  Part^  to  sign  the  gene- 


ral peace  of  1814.  Meantime,  huwevtr, 
his  fortunes  were  to  kad  tlirmigh  acene^s 
equally  momentons;  he  was  io  achieve 
victories,  and  sign  treatioi?^  which  hate 
made  marts  of  greater  meaning  hi  Sw^sdiah 
annals,  although  less  coai^picnons  npou 
the  page  of  Europe,  l^e  mnut  thtTefure 
return  lo  1T8T,  and  to  Gu^tavns  the  Third, 
who  was  meditating  his  dishonorAblb 
aggressions  upon  an  unoffending^  unsas- 
pec  ting  neighbor*  Stedingk  had  letl  the 
king  draost  an  idol  of  his  coon  try  men* 
lie  returned  to  find  him  detested.  War 
wa<i  believed  necessary  to  stirnukte  Inyd- 
ty ;  and  Russia,  at  war  w  ith  the  Porte, 
and  her  Polish  frontier  lined  with  tro*jps 
(for  Kosclu^^ko  waa  yet  at  large) — KuHbia, 
weak  for  the  moment,  was  lo  b^  the 
victim.  Without  condescending  to  or- 
dinary formalitiea,  Gustavus  ^cretly 
ordered  hh  commandkDg-general  In  Fin- 
laud  to  cross  the  frontier.  The  order  wag 
fsecret,  because  the  constitution  of  Bw^eden 
forbade  the  king  to  make  offensive  war 
without  the  consent  of  the  Diet  Th« 
had  faith  of  Gnstavus  was  practiaed  there- 
fore no  lesi  ai^inn^t  Busaia  than  against 
his  own  people,  and  the  immediate  con- 
sequence was  revolt  in  his  aroiv,  and 
en  tiro  defection  in  the  Honie  of  ^ohlfiS. 
Thirty  of  the  latter  were  arrested^  and 
the  subnii^iou  of  the  remainder  was  only 
restore*!  by  a  power! hi  demonstration  on 
the  part  uf  the  burghers  and  peai!«anp^ 
A  story  w*fts  current  that  t)*'^  ^'tm/  }n\d 
8toope4  to  a  trick  to  deceive  *; 

— that  in  order  to  perfcUiid*,  irvt 

the  war  was  a  defensive  war,  he  caused 
a  troop  of  his  ow  n  cavalry  to  dresa  them- 
solves  in  Oossack  oostnines  (snpptievl  fn>in 
Im  own  fatal  opera  hunse)  and  to  ntakti 
a  fal^  attack  npon  his  advanced  guard. 
The  story  is  question  able,  hut  it  served 
the  turn  of  ihe  conspla;;  *    '    uos 

in  aiugularly  with  the  t  uy 


I81i*] 


Count  Siediwjh 


493 


of  tli#  kiair-  WbftteTer  ma^r  h&  tbe  trtith 
of  ihm  ftoc<sdot<5,  it  b  bc^-ond  qiifcatioa 
llwt  ft  «tr&tA^etn  of  tfouib  eort  waa  re- 

6U4liigk  fod<?  &t  tho  hend  of  hb  dra- 
Mona^  MCoud  in  (yj»riinmnd  of  the  uortb^rii 
2vUkcL  Hi*  tTij*orior  *>fli*.X"f»  HaAtfcr* 
flit  inta  dlx^nnt^  (intl  SlcdingW  navc<1  the 

ldi!er<Ni  hf  hi*  favontt*,  wq  iitid  hirn  at 
Umi3«  wHtin^  ^jacuhtions  likd 
-^  A  thousaod  tiijink*  for  y<>«r 
ftnd  their  bmverr.  For  your^lf^ 
laar  clev  fitediopk,  I  oiirbmc**  you  wUJ* 
•U  my  h*art.  You  well  know  my  friofvd- 
M!^  f  -    ^)ur  glonoiia  day  ftt 

pyro>^  it.    ft  U  with  ci- 

tremr  I  name  yoa  Grand 

OtOM  — yau  are  I  ho  5rst 

<if  mi  ^ .     -'   icceivu  it*     I  iidd  n 

peDAon  warr«rit  for  n  Oiousjitid  dollfurfi^ 
btit  I  jjmy  y<>«  ke**!*  this  a  &ecrv^L  1 
«<i(il4  give  yon  itiorc^  **  mftU  le  BSarmiiM 
mtp'^nrr^^  tilthongh  boh*sagood  heait." 
'  JT  iiiii :  — *  *  Mf^^ir  End  i  jel  m 

{.  ^y,   my  dejir    Sie^iiiifrk, 

1 1  -  . .  .  _  .  r  -  iarintM  new* ;  new*  no 
r,r  .■  '  ,r  I  ;'  ,'hy  HT^^ilinffk,  bat  of  St©- 
4  fjin^my  af*»eaiil 

1  etip  new 

for  your 

:iL     But 

.^b«- 
jny    [ictiplc^i 


oottae  way  tbt-  i 


^niMMi,  Th*^y  fiji"  upon  my  tbvg*  of  tnioe; 
t'  ily  Uy  waj»t45  uyr  fieM-*,  iiud 

t  ^'s  rGtii-!!"*  to  c«ll  m^*  klrlfe^ 

•     '  I    -  ^:tiic  TijL'n  to  ky  jtaido  i\\h 

Iffi, ;.;i.  :  .::.  irv.  Itat^nft^rftll, I?hotjld 
i»  '  .\  \ .  I  Avc  diitit?  th*»  l>ke»  If  the 
I ;  II    ;  :     !.» tiMi  dt')^<rv(»  it^  It  m  none  the 

r  Utcr: — '*  Yon  adc  par- 


don for  attacking  the  enemy  wltli  infurior 
foroeij — yoo  know  well,  toy  d«ar  8te- 
dingk,  that  ynor  actit.m**  rendt*r  *u^ 
apology  extremely  sofMartltnia!*,** 

Tiies«  wer«  the  current  rowiird*  of  In- 
de&tigable  and  ardiioii«  exi^rtion,  m  well 
fu  of  eonsmnrnfif ^  gallantpy  and  skili ;  but 
tbt*  war  wn^  !?o  fiuthJc^a,  imd  its  resxiltsw 
If '-lie  corre»^|ionfling  with  tt^  promise,  tliat 
GustAV'UB  wrote,  m  it  were,  in  a  yM>iiury 
of  glory.  Mia  nobles  revolte<L  Whole 
regimentfl  weot  o?er  to  Ontberine.  Th<j 
Danet  in vid«d  hb  southern  Ahore«;  and 
a  eftmpaign,  whioh  no  one  doubted  was 
to  reiult  in  tin*  fnU  of  St.  Petersburg, 
and  tlir'  f  of  Ltvouiii^  wa^i  wdl- 

nigh  ecu  '  few  gal  Ian  i,  \mi  profit- 

leas  ex  pi  'IP  I  Ls  i  >  I  i>tc<ii  ngk . 

At  letigthf  howevH^r,  in  the  following 
y«ar^  Gtiitavn^  rfllliv*<I;  and,  ■*■  -  ■'irt?(s 
years  of  mortifieation,  thtj  vai 

eod«d  by  a  victory  wboiJ©  il^.j  ....  ,vcr» 
tb(»n  uon vailed  in  ttse  autinlTt  of  war. 
The  Swedish  fleet  had  beeu  driven  from 
the  golf  of  Viborj^  and  the  kin;;,  goaded 
to  daiperitioa,  ord^sred  bia  iidmiral  (the 
brt>Uier  of  our  Btediugk),  U>  turn  and  face 
tJie  pursOfn.  He  declared  hi^  revolnlion 
to  retreat  no  further.  At  Swe^nfksnnd 
he  exelatmtd^  **You  shall  giv«  me  a 
monuQient  of  victorv  or  u  tomb."  The 
fanjouii  battle  immei(iat*?ly  ftdlowud,  Tho 
Hti^ian^  were  umeb  Hijpi^ri^^r  in  foro6, 
bat  the  trophies  of  tlie  vit  tciriouA  Bw«d«l 
were  hq  less  tJmu  tiftv-tbrcc  vcs^k  of 
war,  foa^il^ell  huudrtHf  guu^,  three  hun* 
dred  offioer«^  atid  ^%  thoi)«artd  in^prl- 
ion«ri  uf  wart  Tl^^  bi»t  resolt  or  ttie 
Tictory,  howeveri  was  p«ae«,  QualaTtia, 
an  Ica^'ing  Stockholm,  hati  publicly 
threatened  to  destroy  every  moiioiiieut 
in  Husfit;}  miTi^  one;  be  would  fl|>are,  be 
SAid,  the  Ktatue  of  Peter  tbe  Grtjut,  only 
to  engraro  bis  own  nmne  \i\mi\  ibe  ]iede»* 
tal.  lie  returned,  grateful  t!)at  a  Incky 
act  of  desperation  euabted  bim  again  lo 
look  bin  people  In  ibe  fae^*. 

The  EtQprtmOatliorini\  whom  St^dbgk 
Wii  prei«tttfj  t0  know  su  well,  confe^ed 


'   tti«t  I  m%f  finl  U\\  tnto  tht  mid«  hMU  t 
"I  officer  MtKl  AfHiu  tn«u  pnaoowi  wf  *«r, 
-■     ,  r  iJlir  bttlUo  fit  lii(»  Vtb  nt  Jutj^*" 

--C         74  fwi*  fftrli        &09  fMni. 

Be«fv«n«fl      i]«»         U       <t9.  144    it«. 

T    4i*,  do.         IS      il«»  ai   4Bh 

TtM  M  yiwilj,  inoiailllif  lu  «n  t3S4  ftiftt. 

iMfttl  l»r««  !•  yiillli2M4  iiSSfaijii,  so&otliif  IISO  fitti  [  ijli  til  guii^kti,  ■Wiiim 


4Q4 


CQunt  ^kdiuf^k^ 


[Nor. 


to  bim  that  sba  had  despaired  tif  saving 
her  capUal,— **bat"  addend  sLe,  witb  iUui 
Ku^lun  icdoiiiituble  spirit  whicb  was  &o 
loftily  di^plajed  in  1612,  and  winch 
perhjips  h  not  cjittnct,  "*  huV\  *h©  said, 
*^ttftL*r  retreating  from  St.  Ptjtei^h a rg,  I 
jjbiudd  have  foiigbl  joq  ut  Norogorod ; 
than  at  MtjtStiow;  uuxt  at  Kaaan;  aod 
again  at  Astrakati.  Do  you  think  your 
luasler  would  have  folliiwed  m©?" 

Au  ejewiuioss  of  the  ularm  in  the 
Ru^ian  capital  Ijas  ]eft  us  au  aei-'i'iint  of 
Uie  tjveats  of  the  day,  feo  graplsic  that  do 
apulogy  may  bo  needed  for  oxiraetmg 
one  ot'  his  cb arming  pages,* 

**Evtry  niomoDt  w©  espected  to  see 
the  Swedes.  We  heard  that  Guslaviia 
had  nbsohitely  inxited  the  hidi^s  of  Stock* 
holm  to  a  ball  at  PeterbufF,  naruiaj^  the 
verv  evening;  and  to  a  grand  Te  Deutn 
wliTch  he  meant  should  be  song  in  the 
Cathedral  of  St.  Peterdbtir^,  The  whole 
capital  was  in  di:*niay.  There  were  all 
sorts  of  niakealdfts  fur  soldiers.  Ooatih- 
men,  footmen,  workmen,  young  and  old* 
I  have  still  a  caricature  of  the  day,  clev^er- 
ly  repre^nling  some  of  th&se  tall,  gro- 
tesi^ue  elowna,  marching  and  connter- 
marohing ;  drilled  by  children  from  the 
inilit^iry  scIjooI,  who,  standing  on  clialra 
and  benches,  reach  up  to  f^et  aright  the 
necks,  heads^  and  muakets  of  their  giaDt 
recruits. 

^*  Qa  alt  aides  we  heard  that  t]je  palace 
alao  had  caught  the  general  terror ;  that 
ihey  were  packing  up  evt*rj thing,  money, 
Jewels,  furniture  and  papei'i;  that  a  great 
many  poit  horses  were  ordered,  and  tliat 
the  emproHid,  astonished  and  dtffeuceless^ 
w*as  to  disappear  that  very  night,^^ — ^Ajitig 
to  Mois<iow, 

Dctennined,  if  possible,  to  ascertain 
something  to  write  to  my*  government^ 
for  I  have  no  love  for  false  news,  I  went 
to  the  palace,  bopiug  tliat  mj  eyes,  or 
ears,  or  so  rue  lucky  accident,  woidd  serv© 
my  pm^iose;  and  I  was  not  disappointed. 
The  empress  «avv  me.  and  called  me  to 
her,  ''^biplomaey^''*  ahe  said,  "mojst  bo 
maklDg  all  sorts  of  guesses  just  now. 
Does  it  believe  the  town  stories  ?" 

^*  I  made  ratlier  au  audacioua  reply,  for 
I  was  anxious  to  discover  the  truih  in 
her  look«,  at  least.  *^  There  ia  one  story 
Hfldam,^'  yald  I,  "  which  U  very  curious, 
but  which  is  gaining  civdit  fjiit;  they 
say  y our  mtyesty  means  to  go  to-night  to 
Moscow." 

**  And  yon  believe  it,  Monsieur  le 
Comtet"  she  asked  with  imperturbable 
composure. 


^^  Madam,"  replied  T^  'Hhe  stoTy  seems 
to  have  kuuo  foundation ;  and  but  for  the 
characrer  of  your  miyesty,  I  diouM  liave 
belie  vet!  it.^* 

**  Ajid  you  do  well,  sir,"  said  Oatherin^^- 
"  Listen  to  me.  The  ^tiry  b  founded 
upon  my  having  ordered  five  hundred 
post-hor?es  at  every  station.  I  have  doQd 
this  to  bring  some  regiments  that  I  vi-lsls 
to  liave  liere.  I  remain ;  be  ^ure  of  that. 
I  know  that  your  colleagues  are  puxsiled 
what  I  bey  shall  write  home,  1  w^ieh  to 
jspare  you  any  trouble.  Write  to  your 
governmexit  that  if  1  leave  my  eapflid, 
it  will  be  to  march  againsi  the  Kitig  of 
Swedeu, 

"1  believed  her  at  the  Ume.  Tliem 
was  a  fierce  ai^urance  in  her  look  which 
convinced  ine.  Bui  I  know  since,  from 
people  who  saw  her  all  that  day,  thai 
she  had  been  irreKilute ;  that  there  were 
moments  when  the  fear  of  falling  iuto 
GustavQs's  Uaa<Is  got  the  better  of  her 
courage,  and  that  she  gave  order*  U*  pre- 
pare for  flight." 

The  two  Stedingks  Kod  been  tb© 
Swedish  heroes  of  the  war.  Their  king 
was  now  to  exhibit  I  lis  gratiitidej  and 
accordingly,  we  fiuddcttly  nud  the  elder 
of  the  brothers^  oar  gaflant  soldier,  as- 
tonished and  half'dismayedj  by  th© 
following  letter. 

•*  Catap  mi  Terete,  Aug.  TS^  TTW» 

'^Motisieur  de  Bury  has  bronglit  ni# 
your  letter,  my  dear  Sieding^k, — but  I  har& 
a  diiFerent  proposition  to  make  to  yoCi* 
Will  you  have  the  embas^^y  at  St  Peters- 
bnrg?  It  will  be  bighlv  agreeable  fa 
the  new  order  of  tilings  which  mtrat  *txht 
between  the  two  courts;  and  ivf  \*>n  hav© 
an  excellent  temper,  and  nre  skilled  'm 
the  manners  of  a  great  court,  and  tej^e- 
ciidty,  as  yoa  have  had  the  honor  U>  be4t 
the  Russians,  you  will  be  populaj^  and 
you  will  be  at  once  alwa  of  b%!i  con- 
aide  ralioD-  At  the  samo  tune,  I  sbaO 
have  sincere  pleasttre  in  con't^if'^tiiii-  t4> 
repair  what  you  Ic^e  by  the-  <>n 

of  your  French  pensloaa,     -  t  I 

shall  see  you  oflen.  But  yoo  lanst  say 
noihitig  of  thi^  to  any  ooe.  Ketpaecfet, 
and  let  me  have  your  answw  at  oooe*** 


The  proposition  was  eomi 
peoted ;  and  the  reply,  cmr 
grace  fid  skill  nsn  T' 
dlngk's  correspond ' 
a nd  aw k  ward.     K ^ «.  t 
be  (^uite  imidorcd  the  L 
from  a  task  for  whieh  1^. 


'  lie 


i 


*M^iac)ifci  aa  $earealti  4ii  €^»lt4c  S^pir,  Pni^eli  MLiitttor  fet  tt»e  Ooun  of  Uie  iuiprcai  CAiliQrlaft. 


1»4«] 


mt  Si^din^L 


4K 


^^e/OA^  wivl  whiflh  wns  In  fact  rcpnginint 

to  liitrj.     fjii^tuviiA  iiiifiitte^t,  jiiid  tUe  n^- 

rUnt   s4*lilwT  wiw  perw^mdeil  irita  the 

ecr  whicJi  led  hirii  iiltiiAfttvlv  to  I  ho 

'trry  hiprln'it  diirriitios  a  S       '    "      iltji'Ct 

C4ZI  ntiJiiti.     Sudihii^k  wk-  .   uii- 

:  xt  tho  throshold,  derlfirecl  to 

1  ^*-"  its  required  Imt  half 

J,    ffirowell   curly  in 
>  11  m^  juid,  iiccoinpjiijica  by 

:  \n4^A  ttiid  CI  triKJp  nf  Swi^iati 

Ue  travulkHl  from  hk  LoaJ- 
lirect  t^   Sr^    Peters b II rg    hy 
i  jijiinicy  was  uwirkc*!  by  i\m 

I  '  Hfid  rj»nrti.vjud  htispitilitj  on 

i!.t  i^tu I iti  '  M  fitio-^  the  comrnand- 

ft&u    tit'   T!  tr.  Iiu^«mn  ^tatloiu 

tkrutigb  v^hun  rir  |iiia«©d;  acd  bn  re- 
ct^UiHk  Uj  tbo  i.Miiprt«s  gavo  immediate 
{muTUSi^  i«t'  ttii>  iivtlueuoo  ba  w&a  fu>on  after 
tu  ubtam  over  thia  eii^aijrdiiniry  woman. 
Qda  L\f  liii  tau^  dbttugamhfid  Jiriiig 
ci>uuUvmeit^  llie  ti»e  xvba  lat  perha^  b««t 
accjiijuiiumI  with  Swc^ltsli  diplornntlc  bb- 
lory,  iMtirM  (bo  writer  tlmt  for  &  Jting 
Ciiae  hi^  ^.►Jitriil  -if  her  .nj<f;^Tarnt  nnd  Cii* 
fino*-  lary. 

TL.  dhig 

to  8wi.Ui3;U  cuaUifu,  wm  aiUiU  mXikoimL 
diftrtty  Ui  Lhe  kittf.  Hls  OBfimtiyet, 
fjunitmrly  nntltrci  fur  tb«  aiuu!U.Mii«iit  of 
AD  ft<v4»cn|>liHh«^l  mind  Iik^  iUai  of  Guftta- 
:iic>ly  agrecjiblit,  and  if  it 
'  un[nai  tbeir  full  ipirit 

I  riX)  large  fl^kctlona* 

I  ,  and 

,  .  ^  witb 

r  ii^d  rejoicings  eanflei|ucnt  tipoa 


*'  it,  r«l«rtWti,  fttytettttcr  ft,  ITJd 

«  «  9  '*  '*  « 

*I    bud    nciArly  foAcbed    the   hatel, 

.     my  isKtrrngp  win    -  1 

_  ^pm*  111  whidb  !  pro»t'  ■ 

^9  I'rlncis  «jf  NaA^an.    11*^  pniie-wta  ^n* 

ehAtvtiiNftt  at  9^Hng  me;  nfliiTtt^  &  thoti* 

p..r  .1  .  -  i.^eai^  and  said  be  w«m1d  call  aft 

au!d  returti  from  thcenipreta, 

tti  '  >*M  At  that  iriiKru'fit  ffiiniy, 

lit  <*  Nonr,  and  tioto 

||t)«     •'  !!!-J[t    <!jLV.    I-  pHll* 

,  who  wai  I  try,  nml  abatil 

off  fur  S  1*1    ImM  bltn 

ronndly  that  it  hu,-.  fjuitt*  M!ii">*wible  j 
I2iat  mit  only  oa  aii  auiba^ailuri  but  a*  a 
iftm^  Sweda,  I  hmi  Wvn  %hiwkcd  by 
1^  ttasoar  111  wblcii  ht  had  written  lo 


yonr  tnjjessty*  He  repM^,  with  cbarao- 
U^ristic  iiobWne<L4  aiid  frimknc*-*,  tK'it  h)9 
h>\i>  and  re»»pcM!;t  fir  yonr  iv  dd 

never  havo  ullowed  bia  »e:  !si#t 

Swpdvn,  but  ibat  he  had  1x^4' rn<  n  iiua- 
Biaa  aailor  before  tba  war,  and  wbat  al* 
ternativc^  therefore,  hud  he?— that,  aa 
for  bb  lett«?r,  it  wji^  onhTod  and  dlptji&od 
by  tbo  empreiss.  I  laid  it  was  au  arttar 
fit  to  be  dinobeyed.  But  thia  ia  &  word 
titiktiown  itt  Eussb;  an^  te4aad, 
from  Gonfidential  particubirs  atid  ft»ur- 
anoQs  wbieh  he  pvd  me,  and  iti  which 
1  could  bot  confidci,  be  hmt  no  clioice  but 
dbedieiioc  during  the  pcrf^t  ms^o  tbe 
empress  was  in  at  the  lime.  They  say 
she  wrote  a  farce  agaimt  your  m^i^tl^, 
which  was  played  at  the  theatres^  if 
possible,  I  win  lend  a  copjJ^ 

In  Justioe  to  GnstaYoa,  let  ns  [uiuae 
here  to  read  ati  atie<^ato  which,  per* 
bai»,  fortiSed  Stedingk  in  writing  an 
fmnkly,  A  thurt  time  before  the  btigln^ 
ning  of  tbe  war,  a  Swedi»li,  and  rauiar 
unaiMrintr  satire  airalnst  the  king,  bad 
been  pr  11,    The  aa- 

tkir  %Ji  lirumed  to  the 

pjilnce,  TJie  poor  biau  natundly  looked 
fur  eoiidlgn  punkbrnent.  ^*^  I  swc/'  aaid 
Gu^tavus,  aderpomtt  little  qoe^tiguiug, — 
**  I SQ4}  yoQ  have  much  talcut  and  much 
wit ;  but,  pcx»r  fellow,  I  fear  yon  have 
not  muchbrearl.  I  am  deatrona  that  you 
iliall  not  be  m  hungry  agaiu,  ana  1 
lbert*foro  appoint  you  ini*p«*t!lijr  t»f  ijiy 
library.^'  Similar  traita  ar«  oftcm  dlsoov* 
ered  m  biji  atciry,  and  Stedlngk**  allunion 
to  tbo  comedy f  writteti  by  Catherine, 
might  be  accepted  wa  a  compliment. 
Tbo  imperial  wit,  bowover,  un^ibarpened 
by  hunger^  waa  paaaing  dull,  Ountavua 
waa  reprewmted  In  tmve^tv— a  norlh- 
ar&  Qniicote,  under  the  gnfdnnca  of  a 
uridiM  fatrjr.  The  pour  king  ii  ambf- 
t!ou4  to  wiMU-  liic  armor  uf  a  famoua 
giant.  Accord inijly  bo  repairs  to  tbo 
liflanl^a  ca«tlo  and  iittiaU  the  coveted  tro^ 
phi  en.  lie  put*  on  thts  bdmet,  which 
nraclietf  below  bii  «liouk)e»^  and  the  Jack- 
boota  mount  above  hi§  walnt.  Tbui 
armed,  b«  attack*  a  dismantled  and  da* 
a^riad  redoubt^  fhira  which,  howafv^ 
there  atiddaal j  atnt^ ''^'^ "*  ^*- 1  j  >  r i !  p i  n lf .  tu par* 
aJiiinabedtaldi«r,v  '  b, 

and  tba  Bwwiyti  i  ^il 

Tlie  pieoev  of  courM?,  iibt-n  tht 

empreM  the  appfan«e  of   1:  u^ 

but  tiie  comp!(u»*^ntJi  wL*ro  n 

Gn#tavtui-(i  fpiarrtd  with  !"  iif 

of  NawMiii  wa*  a  noWfpaoer  wiir,  with 
iakaii  bruadald««^  duUvmil  nfnkrlj  as 


Count  Sitdin^k, 


the  diatrlbea  to-^tj,  between  the  *^  Jour- 
lud  de  3t  Pet43i%bufg,"  and  the  ^^Loudoa 
Times."  Tlio  princ©  was  a  foreign  ad* 
rnlrnl^  employed  by  Oatberine,  in  com- 
mand of  the  RuBssian  fleet.  The  second 
ill  cHimmiindf  and  probably  the  leading 
spirit,  was  onr  own  revolutinnary  Piatd 
Joaes,  wbnni  tbe  jealousy  of  courtierB, 
however,  soon  disgusted  with  the  ser- 
vice. Early  in  life,  Qtiatavoa  and  tbo 
prince  had  met  at  Spa,  and  the  former 
had  been  utruck  wttli  tbe  gallantry  and 
apirit  of  bija  new  acquaintance.  Naa- 
aaa  anbsequently  took  service  with  the 
Era  press  OatJierinc,  and  when  the  Swe- 
dish war  broke  out,  Gnataviia,  r^mem* 
bering  hk  German  friend,  wrota  him  in 
the  following  cbarac  tens  tic  language: 
"  I  had  been  led  to  hope,"  ho  said,  *''■  from 
the  reinembranee  of  onr  old  atxinaint- 
ance,  tbat  I  should  have  the  pleasure  to 
receive  the  ofter  of  your  sword;  bat 
since,  to  my  gemt  regret,  yon  are  going 
to  %bt  against  me,  I  flatter  myself  with 
the  proqiect  of  one  camiueat  at  least, — 
the  €steera  of  my  adversary,"  Brave 
words ;  but  unkind  fortune  soon  changed 
the  royal  temper.  The  Prince  of  Nas- 
sau won  a  victory,  and  Gastnvng  could 
Uttlo  brook  the  bulletin  of  the  victor. 
There  sodkl  appeared  in  the  Gazette  of 
Hsmbxirjoc  a  Swedish  statement  of  the 
facte,  signed  by  the  defeated  king. 
Whereupon,  the  Russian  official  jonrnals 
put  forth  the  following  indignant  refuta- 
tion by  the  prince: 

*<  fo  yi  Mijcstj,  tlifi  Kin;  of  Sired«ii  >^ 

"  St.  PetentniTf  I  SepteoLber  20, 1T99, 

**  Tour  majesty  did  me  the  lienor  to 
write  me  lately',  Baying  that  yon  addressed 
a  knight  wlio  everywhere  sought  glory 
and  honor.  I  sliall  certainly  endeavor 
to  justify  J  onr  majesty^a  opinion ;  but  in 
the  search  for  honor,  honesty  mast  be 
above  suspicion ;  there  mast  be  open 
tmt!i, — truth  whicli  may  bo  snstQined 
and  proved  before  the  world. 

*^  With  these  opinions  I  have  seen  with 
ladlgnation  in  tlio  Ilattihurg  Gazette,  a 
pretended  narrative  of  the  combat  I  had 
the  honor  tosU'stain  again  your  majesty^a 
fleet.  This  narrative,  ^ire,  eouflicti  with 
mine.  It  is  oflca  al>solntely  false,  and  I 
am  surprised  to  find  that  some  one  has 
had  the  aodnmty  t(>  a(Qx  a  name  m  re* 


I 


spoctable  BA  Ib&t  &f  your  mi^«s^  to  ii 
document  so  Mled  with  errors  and  iyat- 
hood. 

^^1  hope  yonr  m^eety  will  havebdeii  m 
angry  as  J,  and  that  yon  will  not  decliDe 
in  suppress  the  statement,  and  render 
homage  to  truth,  li^  contrary  to  all  pro- 
bability, yonr  majesty  be  the  author,  I 
fiball  not  doubt  that  job  have  been  cri- 
minally deceived  by  ^ae  r^porli;  and 
that  yonr  miyesty's  love  of  Crotb,  the  fifit 
virtn©  of  kings,  will  impel  you  to  db- 
avow  and  imnisli  tlie  oflioaii  who  afaiU 
have  rendered  so  faithless  on  aa^citiiit. 

'^^1  append  to  this  letter  my  refutatim 
of  tlie  liamhnrg  narrative.  My  honor  t8 
the  guarantee  of  the  truth  of  what  I 
vance.  My  prisoners^  my  pri±e%  and 
fleet  which  1  eomtnand  are  my  ieetimi 
My  fleet,  far  from  being  crij^led^  kepC 
sea  with  every  ship  for  &ghl&m 
after  the  action,  and  did  not  eetne 
port  nntil  aft&r  the  gale  of  the  19th  loslaol. 
A  part  of  it,  sire,  is  stifl  at  sea,  and  tmAf 
for  other  battles;  but  it  caimot  flodthb 
enemy, 

**  Your  majesty  is  too  honorobte  m  ling 
to  disapprove  the  warmth  witli  whic^i  I 
defend  my  honor.  Tho  mocives  which 
which  dictate  my  letter,  make  it  my  datjr 
olt^  to  publish  it;  and  yonr  imgoai^s 
answer,  I  irnst,  will  enable  nie  ta  repcttt 
publicly,  the  a^N^nranoe  of  prolbond  r^ 
j^pect  til  at  I  have  cherisbed  fi*r  ycwir  ma- 
jesty, and  witli  which  1  havo  tho  banor 
sire,  to  be 

"Yowr  m^esty'a  4o.  to,** 

I  have  not  discovered  the  ling's  iSb* 
avow^nlt  arid  judging  rn>m  the  eobt^mpo- 
rary  memoirs  of  Count  S4giir  ^^  ""  ''*re^ 
that  none  was  made,    Kass-n  ■  3y 

distrcs-^ed  at  the  misunderiL- — ._.  -iua 
thanks  to  In^  subsequent  trenietidodis  de- 
feat by  Gnstavus,  and  the  goiid  offices  of 
Stedingkt  made  bis  ]>eaco  at  Jn^t  by  put- 
ting the  whole  blame  of  his  letter  upon 
the  angry  em  press. 

After  thi§  long  pftrenthcssia,  we  retnra 
to  Stedingk's  first  diTijiatclu 

"I  supped  in  tlici  evening  fit  Ocmnt 
Astermimn'j!,  ^vitli  all  tht?  dlidcmatie 
corps,  and  a  Inr^^  ctjin|>any,  Nuxl  dsy 
was  the  ^rmt  drtv.  An  officer  of  the 
cereinonies  came  at  five  in  thv  aftorooun, 
to  annonnce  niy  audience*  I  went  m 
jla<?^5Ai,*— witli    ecjuipnge  and   Hverics, 


t 


*  JVi_/lo«A/; — n  Icna  wjjjclu  itthuujrh  tut  the  pra»i- 
Ifala^**  Of  in  Ml  ofncial  flr««^  tii«li  iih*1  oetmiiloinHjf  i 
fUcKlton  of  the  stints',  fU^'i^hi  hEfv  ■  ■  "  ■  •■■~-^f  Ate 
buppen*  tft  know  rJint  wkkiin  n  tc-^  ir'-  -- 

lion  of  pr«>eiit4hni]iti4  «>  s^icclal  i^i^i'  -n 


(kunt  Si^in^h 


m 


§am  m  ponlhla^  Kot  havSng  wlUi  mo 
fmimrWwwj braid,  I  tiaod  hmAxl  gnld  tjux», 

^ttd  ft  tiff  **lHLniiir  Jill-,     1  nict  a  tiumb«r 

htM^whom^r  dj  civil,  aad  Alter 

v«itlcig  squirUg-  of  an  lu^nr,  1  wiLo  mh^r- 
«d  tio  tli«  emiireM,  in  tho  j^reat  throno 
PMiflO*  Sbe  WM  itt]ierbl]r  dresMd  for  tli« 
Mi^  ffitteriog  with  dmnionilt^  and  sUxmI 
ttiir  ft  window  noi  fir  from  tho  lhr«m<^ 
witli  M*  d^  Ostcrmanti  a  Iklli^  behind. 
Iff  hwrt  bwi,  but  1  rasissged  to  pu^h 
mf  MfBfdtfiientA  along.  IfiftftwIiJlo  slic 
wfti  fts«(»«d}n|,*ly  gmcimif,  and  I  (|!illo 
CdflpDltii  IdcA  kcr  hantl;  but  Mr.  Ost^nnftnn 
fgguii^  II  «i-r».  t..  >.L..  mmJ  I  rejmirt?d  my 
ftfmr  V  ^iMinnit.    Hho 

ifiokft  hi      ^,._.  :  ..     cfMiuMv^s.   Ikr 

jW,  ftbe  Miiid^  wai  ao  Igas  tiion  your 
m^jevty'*  tliat  a  war  yrm  ov<?r  which 
dbMkl  narer  hfir^?  edited.  8he  hajM.<il 
6Mift  fttedfkhip  And  hfifTTtriny  w<?tild  mM;t 
wtih   no  more  i  ri.      Sho  wa-» 

gUd   yoar  tirtyt  «j>  had  fnlkti 

Qpcin  ine,  AA  %hc  ti2i>l  huur^l  iniioli  pnid  of 
OMLftiicl  abi  hopud  I  riiight  b«  plea^^l 
aoi  tiamr  io  Bt,  Ftftereburg.  Th^u 
aiiiift  maCtons  eonc^nting  jour  mt- 
jmiy**  iiaftitb ;  and  yonr  r- ■;-*''-  rt.- 
mm  t0  $U>ckhotrn.     BIr^  -  of 


_- 1  hi?  truiibk^s, 
_  .  jimpaigTiJi  bail 
ajKin    mo  (a  remark 
p«rU(3ularly    ilUturb 


4)fiMrgcM>: 
ftftd  obftarreu 
lift  iMr  traoiw 
wUek   doet    Qot 

^AA«r  *Il  tbk  gr«iid  hutdnoiPv  wbieb 
ftaia  na  more  thati  a  bro^l^  with  yottr 
nyaatjr**  «tiertjiosi,  I  was  eunductfd  bj 
PfUMM  Galltziii  aofOAt  the  inner  gall^aa 
ft>  iJi«  EUrmiiAgv,  My  ca^atiara  war^ 
alfiB4f  Uwrv,  and  wara  prosontad  to  tba 
iW^Mi,  «h0  i«t0|>p«d  u>  nay  a  faw  mam 
wioraa.  I  waa  t»laa6<l  ipofi  ft  bench  with 
<Wo<haTftrfiiiatar^  and  6af  nnfmity  ficAt^Kl 
fcwiilf  vjiH  iba  Frinoei  Aloiandcr  and 
OMMCaaiiMi  ftftd  U.  da  OabatixeU,  tha 
iilHf  mil  am1>aMfLdor,  who  b  ona  of 
kar  i|>aeial  i  It  U  a  flna  hall^ 

«d  lliaf  1^  "?:  clianging  tba 

faul  art  for  Uif  who  hA«  no 

fiMiilfta«ft  for  the  k  winrri^d  tliens- 

tbtt  gcU  w«ll  III! J  jiaaxrji!^  Amonaide. 
At  wai  w«il  di>iitA  l»y  Mile*,  Bodler^ 
wbft  baa  isnpmvad  iitic«i  I  mw  bcr  At 
Btnabatg;  Ofr6na  wai  but  thi»  ihadow 
«f  bieia^t  TAncri^l  wok  prctiv  urll,^ 
Vai  afl  U^a  ro^t  bad.  Tho  |«b»>  U  u^itAll  v 
an  Thttradar,  btii  waa  ^n^timried,  thoy  1441 


me,  for  my  atidlettco.  Tt  wa^  opor  at  tan 
o^dock,  when  evcri'bfrtly  went  bom^* 

**8?itortliiy  wits  f;ivtjii  up  t*>  making 
▼fsjti:^ — an  c^nflltw^  boHinctai  here. 

"  On  BuikIav  iviia  the  grand  HMt,  Tha 
Secreiary  of  th©  Sonaiic  read  ft  apaacb  to 
tba  enipre^  in  Eiu^sian,  which  lasted 
quarter  of  an  hour-  The  Tic«*ehanoel)or 
replied,  atid  then  fatiowed  the  diiitribntion 
of  farorfl.  Pra^ntA,  deooration«|  and 
all  such  thlngi  lay  on  a  table  coverei) 
wU!i  mu-liti^  on  tb*?  tight  of  tba  throne, 
and  everything  waa  a  grand  *ccrtt. 
For  an  hour,  it  niincd  swtirtb*  with  dot- 
tnond  hilt^^ — dlamnnd  atars,  d*>ci>raii*^n^, 
cro«w<Mt,  serf* warranto,  and  prnmition^ 
Tlie  emjir<3!is  guvt*  « very  thing  with  ht*r 
own  imndft.  The  Pritioe  of  N?i?t^t«i  wii* 
qui  to  ciissAtisllod  witii  a  swc^rd  hij/ivy 
wi til  diain oti 1 1.4,  Cou ti t  Sol t \ kolV  rrcci vcd 
ti*c  crrH&  of  SuSut  An<1rew  in  diamonds, 
a  jiWitrd  n)m  not  in  hrilliantH,  of  iinmento 
i?ost,  and  II  Liout,-O<jh*nel€y  tn  tbo  homo 
guard*!.  Mar^iijht  Kotiijiujcow  11  m  mmm 
ap|H>intuH'nt.  iL  IHmWjtf  nt  bufiilfttl 
scrffi>     M,  deMich^Uitn  tiiooi'^  '  'at 

Anne  in  Diamonds.     il^dML  .^ 

made  Ot*n<.^rttt4n-Cliier with  a  itin^nmcejil 
sword t  and  tho  thaiiU  of  ilii^  S«ftate« 
Mr»  do  Markoff  gut  notliing,  a.ltiiongh  ba 
hnd  b^n  atrntnng  about  all  tho  nn^nin^ 
rat!ipr  more  tiinij  e%*ijr.  Tlio  pro«li|^itx 
howi5vef,  wa^  lniminiSL\  and  wtmld  liAVo 
pine  on  all  day,  bnl  for  a  oonHor  fr«D 
Potemkin,  who  wrote  that  if  It  went  on 
in  tlirtt  Btyle,  there  wunld  bu  nothing  left 
for  bb  offioari  wbeo  they  roinmed, 
a  a  *  a 

a  a  *  • 

^  Tlie  grand  duka*  k  not  9^  it|^y  fta 
be  WAA^  but  the  dnchcM  It  as  pown 
ohi,  The  yoting  prinoea  Alexander  and 
OonatAntitio  are  liaadaptnef  tait^  and 
ptrofiff  for  tfaeir  age,  taptatilljT  the  flnit^ 
who  r»  t'itremdy  graoml  They  tnado 
tlit'ir  f»<«n]>hmcnt»  for  your  inme»ty  rery 
nicely.     *     *     •    *    «    •    J    tf    • 

"  ID  tba  at enLftf  tbara  waa  a  ball  at  ao- 
▼in  o^dock^  in  thu  L'riUijrv.  Tlie  for^ifru 
minivt^ra  wen  'ifind?.     wa 

allraeeiredlAr^  ,  vvurth  iotna 

thirty  dacata^— but  Untw  j^veft  ti>  tb« 
bl  gher  dlgni tarter  w  ci^  1  nr^r .  T  be  ba  1 1 
began  witii  j^  »  wmr- 

iMdt»^H€sdeu  K  Tha 

Prince*!  Atojiunai  I  ^t  mi- 

nuet gTMcxifullTH,  axj'  ^anaaa 

of  a  child.    Tba  t  *.'  '1  i*n  for 

some   tima,  ftlld  th  i  t/i  wbijt, 

having  dona  ma  Uk  .^<  ..^ .  ;o  aaU  me  to 


498 


O&unt  Biedin^k 


lov- 


th«  giime,  togetlier  with  the  Hnng»nan 

ambi^saidor^  &nd  Count  BoUikofiT,    8he 

WAS  In  &  very  ^od  hnmor^  talked  a  greAC 

deal  to  ine,  aoii  was  ^y  and  gracious  all 

tlt«  evenitig.    Tick  ©la  wcra  distributeil 

forsup|x:r,  and  niina  was  fi>r  the  emprfSi^ 

1  table.    They  U>Id  me,  aifle'r wards,  it  was 

|tbe  nambi^r  nert  aftar  ibe  imperiiil  ^ml- 

ly,    Tiie  story,  prbaps,  is  true,  because 

it  was  Dumber  sixteen;  but  there  ia  ooo 

^  thing  quite  certain,  I  would  rather  liavo 

i  ttad  the  InAt  number  of  all  at  your  raises- 

^ly'ii  tflUle.  There  were  three  tables,  with 

Eighty  cov^n  each ;  and  really,  the  splcn- 

3or  of  the  dresse^  the  style  of  the  people, 

he  ijaasjc  of  Olznaroso,  written  for  tho 

[jDCca«ion«  and  the  iEitnpluoua  elegance  of 

he  tablea,  oiade  it  a  hrtlliant  6oir6e*    It 

\iffm  all  over  before  raidnighL 

"  The  favorite  just  now  is  a  youth  with 

beautiful  fitoo  and  dark  eyes^  rather 

elicjit^  liiokiug^  Dot  tall,  intich  like  a 

[|w-£^tty  French  in  an,  in  the  style  of  Mon- 

Ipieur  d©  Pois^^^ur;  und  with  a  couuter- 

{ Ifeit  look  of  IL  de  Lambert,  of  the  Life 

LlJrunrda^  whoui  your  mi^esty  flaw  at  Ver- 

[iailleiL     For  tlie  rest  h^  ii  polite,  good- 

tiaiureil^  aud  amiable,  and  eoctreitnely  oiril 

tome.        ♦        *        •         *         ♦ 

'in  epite  of  all  the  find   welcr^me 

1  me,  I  fare.*oe  thnt  when  it  comes 

t  buaineia,  there  will  be  trouble.    The 

[i^nrt  Is  tnnch  divided,  and  factious ;  one 

Lparty  iucesiantly  opposes  another.  They 

I  tave  only  one  point  of  reisemblauce^  and 

rthat  is,  tlje  Lmmeuse  o [union  they  have 

of  Uieudselrca.     And  so,  too^  with  the 

flovereign,  as  I  am  quite  satigfiod,  after 

converging  with  people  in  oifice.    The 

.only  way  to  succeed  in  business  h  to  be 

I  well  with  the  empreas,^ — to  interest  her 

\  jBeif-lov©j  her  generosity,  and  hor  personal 

dings  generally.    8he  is  oliarrned  to 

ftve  peaee  with  na,  and  I  am  sure  she 

fantertaixia  hopes  of  forming  a  still  closer 

ttliianoe*  with  your  megesiy, 

*         «        *        ^        #        « 

**Bcpt*rab<r43d,tT*a 

*'Itt  ooDversation  with   M.    d'lgles- 

^Vtrotn,  after  some  detours  and  oompU- 

t  luents  upon  my  success  laat  evenings  I 

Icarneil    troui  hira    that    a  nephew  of 

Count  Soltikoff  had  returned  froinShjck* 

liolm,  with  the  news  lb  fit  Ue^ti^^kof  had 

been  executed,  and  that  the  otlii?r  crimi* 

)  mala  would  iuifer  the  same  fate*    lie 


aeemed  much  affected,  and  said  that 
tlie  empress,  whom  it  was  SoltikoiT*^ 
purpose  to  em  bitter  against  your  majesty 
by  all  sortj^  of  bad  news,  waa  eitreroely 
distressed — that  she  always  hop^  yonr 
majesty  would  pardon  the  conspiracy, 
aud  tlius  signalize  the  happy  peace.  I 
told  him  I  was  not  surpri.^  at  tho 
new^s,^ — notwithjTtanding  your  rmy^ty'a 
repugnance  to  such  me^isurea^  Totir  rvign 
having  been  a  constant  proof  of  ek»nj«ncy 
and  pleasure*  in  pardons.  Tht>  intere^st 
of  the  State  exucted  this  saerilioe — there 
must  be  an  example,  I  said,  lie  answtrtd 
that  the  empress  did  not  tliiiik  «:>;  that 
she  was  satisfied  to  abut  up  Buch  ciiini- 
nals;  that  he,  M.  dlgle^trom,  bod 
already^  during  his  admiiui^t ration.  »t^ot 
three  Peter-tbe-Thirdst  to  Sibt^ria ;  and 
that  grander  conspirators  Imd  been  taf- 
fered  to  live  as  well  At  length,  he  read 
me  part  of  a  long  letter  he  had  ji 
Oeivcd  from  the  am  press,  praying  tii< 
the  love  of  Gud,  to  keep  it  a  s^^ret. 
was,  aa  far  as  I  understood^  an  atoouni 
of  her  alSjctioQ  at  the  news  Soltlkofff  had 
bronghtj^her  ktnentations  tti at,  while 
all  was  joy  at  St.  Petersburg,  StoekbuliD 
was  the  scene  of  bloody  sc^olda.  Sl»e 
said  there  should  haW  been  atnaestlea 
inAtead^  that  real  joy  usually  opens 
hearts  to  pity  and  mercy,  that  your  nm- 
J^ty,  therefore,  cannot  be  9it  realty  glad 
to  have  peacsi  and  that  it  was  her  de^ir^ 
that  M.  d^Iglestr^m  abould  bring  thesd 
matters  to  the  attention  of  M.  de  Ste- 
dingk.  Be  read  no  more,  but  added  that^ 
fi'om  the  TCptrts  of  the  Rustdan  prisoners 
just  returned,  Sweden  was  evidently 
tilled  with  malcontents*  *  Proof/  inter- 
rupted I,  *  that  an  example  waa  neoea- 
sary ;  as  the  empress  herself,  while  teach* 
ing  the  world  leasons  of  humanity,  and 
abhorring  blood,  had  been  feroed,  n&Ttt* 
thelesS|  to  put  Ivan  to  death,  upon  whom 
her  heart  would  rather  have  >  heaped 
beoeStii/  The  couvcrsation  dropped 
hereJ^ 

[This  was,  perhapf,  a  clever  diplomatic 
antithesis ;  and  StediugkV  fearle^  reply 
Is  quite  admirable  in  det'ence  of  his  tnaft- 
ter*  His  audacity,  however^  may  not  be 
at  once  apparent,  unhss  the  reader  caU 
to  mind  that  tbis  Iran  w-  ♦^-^  ^nwftil 
emperor;   aud  that  Oiitli-  ndy 

suspected  of  the  death  i>f     ..  i....:':ind, 
had  been  accused  of  a  doable  ntnrdur  «Eid 


*  ReferrUig  protmblf  tit  tJbe  mbnequvct  and  uolQckr  betrotb&l  «r  htt  gnkUd^Amaghitr  ailti  t]4ift|»Tttt  I 
Womrih. 

t  P^f^fA^TAirdM^-^mmAnluit  pr^tvi^ilcn  lo  the  lhron#,    P?t«r  the  ThlM*  lb#  buibuid  of  OtllraErlar.  ktA  ] 
b«cD  nuLTdireit,— bi4i  biu  d«*ik  VM  lutl  osiiT^tuUf  bcUtffed.    Heo^fl  ihittt  W^^t  Cr«qU«at  Jack  Ct4m  | 


1851.] 


Count  Si^in^k. 


4W 


I 


I 


ORtrpataoa,  in  tit6  tieatli  ot  Ivan,  Ho 
wm  m  irrsnil  Tu^ftbew  i*(  rotter  i\m  Great, 
ftfMl,  irom  infancy^  lm4  l4ti^ai»]u!tl  n  lottg 
|if»  in  pri»iru  A  r«v«3Jt  in  lii«  fitvor, 
MfHig  Ilii  jd)or»,  waii  tnoAic^  tho  pretext 
Ibr  feii» «Mikitf^iniuiim ;  but  iUq  eompVmiy 
oC  Otfli«riiio  in  rflj«<:t«4  by  rc**i>ecliibl« 
^tttltoHil^M*.  St^ilingk  dlftCTot^tJy  ealknl 
U  -Uin,    Count  Si*giif»  lib  Frcneb 

<-  :  HS4   nyt  qunliJ)'  it  so  <*!¥»%, 


But  tQ  CQDtimio  Sbedlngk'»  kttor : 


<5»>nvc^r^tion  wjim  |jreA*?nrly  re- 
wbafj  M*  iio  I^?k'.stpOiJi  Ci>isiiiTiic<l 
iir»  <>f  tlio   rirriviil  of  Pot4,'iiikiri's 
an  I  eqiiently,  the  em- 

had  1^^  *in  lilm  (M.  dl^]&- 

•ll«0«i>  hiii  jin^tiit.^eil  4,UO0  ierfki  and 
#1,000  »ilvcr  rubk^.  Tbe  Prince  of 
^  tun,  luftd  luttt  bv  tLo  samtt  luter^ 

a,€i4>r)  fttrfu,  and  liie  oocumiHaion 
o!  :  .  i-obkC 

s  n  rinuor  to^jr  tb«t  Stt- 
%»Trrii»,  ^viib  2<),0<JO  men,  ha<(  been 
l(ik&l4«ii  by  tiic  Turk 9^  and  tliJit  )w  wfta 
yilr4.  tbn  aii4iap  b  Lakl  at  tb<>  door 
uf  Ptit«iiikJn^  wild  iiiksi  ui>  b>vu  for  8ti- 
wftTfuvi,  f  am  tobl,  nUo,  that  poar  M* 
il»  Miirkof  hm  got  bi^  tbdiisiiid  I 
Dot  It  I^  nnio  to  tiui?b  tbb 
IV  i<>tigb  1  bj}V43  not  »>4iii   bnlf 

III  >  u>  Any,     But  I  am  ttred  out^ 

mad  i    (ii«|ii^ti2h  ft  courier  b«c*iM«  jfour 
mj^«ftty  iiught,  Hi  Icojt,  t«i  kaow  of  inj 
imTmL         •        .        •        ♦        • 
*^  i  Am,  ^.f  &o., 

*'  Uc»r  T.  Sn&niaK  " 

A  Rii«»Un  AEnbBA<<uulor  wmi  now  to  be 
BiOMii  ^^w«tk<n«  and  tbo  »«to«tion  wis 
A  Stittor  of  iutcfoiit  to  nil  parties.  The 
iapfOM  tiled  upon  li&rcm  dlgleairOm, 
mmm  extravairiLri  E  n.  rti.iM  of  embt^yf 
motliiiily  ^kotcli  tllngk-i  neii 

Idlt«r*  would  a»t(s  E>rai«at  0oono'> 

mica)  agi*. 

''^  Haron  dlfflevtr^m  hat  Mvcral  tiniee 
eoiM>nlt<d  tno  attotit  bi^  est^iblUhinonti 
Hi*  pt!j|»r«»^  otJViH  bun  au  outtit  of 
^ii  *    and  a  fsalnry  mr 

ti  I  >  1 1  i  I)  ctudi  ntt  AQ  Im- 

liitn««  rtSiMrdi;,  Af^oordiuK  to  nia  own 
itiipttoi^  U«  rnuit  hive  50,000  outill, 
§md  I  lltkk  '  -  '^' ''  it  It ;  it  ii  trno  tbnt 
ll  iQcl  oiioi  '^  u  b V  r  jiu  r [  i  HaimI  me, 

—I  n>e*ii  J  *  for  the  irmk^U 

of  tJib  diif  /  n^  tiayi  in  Ainbaft' 

'  oo^ht  dt  the  f er;  Itaat,  a 


dbtTiond  ring,  dramt*iid  wat^ib-Hittiu,  und 
liiuinoiid  nUHtT-bos,  and  ihM  lbi^>'  aro  uc*t 
d**ar  at  15,0OU.  I  atn  not  «>niviuc<MJ  by 
tbt»  Mu:»c<>vite  lo^o,  but  J  Iiim)  to  con- 
iierit  to  It.  He  will  have  two  ^tarado 
oonclieAi  witb  Bt%  horsm  each,  cigbt  bnt- 
lert^iwo  me»eu(|«r*,  two  clm*^«urfi,  two 
h«5idu4jU4«!t  (fiiotiMOfi  in  Ilnnir!*'"^*?*  drL'^h), 

two  bUKMVFH  to  follow  1  LI  (It   t« 

the  cuatoiu  htftt),  a  qiin:  -tinct), 

four  jfeutleuK'n  of  tlie  *'UiKi^s>v:  >*■- relary, 
and  \hrvis  dcrk\  four  lo  hix  aidcs-dtf- 
camp,  aud  four  eouriers.  Tbcro  is  n^ 
hou^tt  bi^  euouj^b  m  HkoekJ^^ui  kit  lim 
i*ort  of  thiuie^but  wiib("it  xK^a^^iWu.^  1,^^ 

self4oir e  and  tbu  c  or  i-cn  t  * 

of  what  an  atnbasp^ador  -  r^ 

it  h  m\ifjmhU  to  beat  bira  dt^wii  to 
k#a/^        ♦        *        •        •        * 

Btedingk^  now  r^^shrlf  attd  hand- 
ftomely  imtalled  in  hli  emboity^  dovole^ 
hiin§df  to  obtaining  InAiK^tK-u  and  (h>- 
sUiou  durable  for  luany  nice  nnd  iiuiior- 
iant  objects  of  hh  minion.  Uo  liutl  nv 
dijlioulty  tu  wittuiuir  this  good  (^raceti.  of 
tbe  ei  u  pres*,  '  ' ' '  '  .  i  u  to  r<>u\«f  k  h  l>k 
ainiabduy  of  a^  and  tbo  poEnh 

of  a  loug  roiid^i...^  ^.i  t  t^r^ulki^r  hW  cZia^ 
raot^j-  wn»  rounded  by  a  Uerninn  &»fJU- 
mi#f  liighly  aoc#ptabl«  U*  Oub^nntv 
ftliioit  bit  cot) otry  woman  ;  f^ir  l>Hti  wera 
eatiirea  of  nortiicrn  (tt^nnany.  IloiK 
&bo,  oorduilly  d<}t4«tcd  tliu  r^vohuiou 
then  faat  undenuiuing  the  IkkUrWMi».  In 
*>bort,  the  favor  of  the  tmpfesi  vtas  mon 
bG»b>wcd  upon  tlio  new  ambiMAadof.  Il« 
bvcamo  a  member  of  tier  iottiiuit^  circliay 
ft  Hocleiy  iti  wbicb  ab^pteiidod  wUb  pro» 
verbial  gra<w,  and  In  wboM  iivored  r^ 
nntQSiB  iUo  r«»trftiut  of  oouri  oe9etiK»ttial 
irii-       '      "  '^f*rib*?d. 

1  L-p  of  C'atbcrinc  II.,  taiutcHl 

a^  h  .^.  ^..^  ...U  1h^ judgi^i  nove^iilteluMs  Ma 
under  t!ii^  wd^ht  ol  the  Biiiiifi  peri^i 
Uvr  !ujb1i*4  aQ4  Iter  oTiinei  were  tnouidetl 
by  tbe  prevsnre  of  Rtttiiftii  aeeMtka; 
but  overgrowing  tlieae  at  length,  and, 
afler  an  unpreceilented  reign  of  prugrtaa 
And  n^fonii,  i»he  reaolied  a  grundeur  in 
hirttory  only  infi»f(or,  if  ladoed  it  b*  lit- 
ferior,  to  that  of  hc^r  throat  prcMli^erv^or. 
Pc?ter  dtH.']arefl  be  o<jutd  refonu  hb  em* 
jjlro,  hnt  not  bbiifwlf  He  wa*  a  heart- 
Ivm  bn^lnmd,  :  .   inil  Mher^  And  m 

inurdortr  of  ^  »ubjecLH  wboio 

iBieoniion  be  j**-'r>-  ij:iov  *uj*ermte»deil. 
He  Hft»,  nevvrtbt^W^  th*.'  pwnver  of 
Kuj^^ian  civlliiauon.  Fortv  >earA  after 
him,  atui  itity  yearn  After  nln  thfeat  lo 
hang  all  tlie  lawyer*  in  b'la  istnplro  bol 


Bm 


Count  SUdin^h 


^m. 


\  CktheHne  summoned  ft  Ensskn  eon- 
eon  suited  the   deputies  of  every 
lirilj^  and  province^  mid^  baling  with  her 
fOwn   hand    et>mpikd  a    cod©  uf  laws, 
rhieh  she  bitsed  optm  the  maiini»  of 
ifontesqalea,  subtnttted  her  work  to  the 
I' j  11  figment  and  rfltification  of  the  aaseni- 
l*ly,     "Many  <]ueens^"  wild  Frederie  tb© 
Great,  "have  won  immortal  fame;  Se- 
mi rat  nis  by  conquest ;  EniL^ljsh  Elimbetii 
by  sngacity  ;  Maria  Teresa  by  fortitude  ; 
but  Cnthc'Hrie  ahme,  of  women,  de^rvea 
tlie  name  of  lawj^ver." 

During  the  wliole  of  the  Mventeenth 
eentnrj,  and  nearly  half-way  through 
the  eighteenth,  barbarfem  continued 
to  rest  npon  the  Enssrian  etnptr©.  The 
earlier  cjtari,  ©merging  from  Ihe  Tar* 
tar  yokeij  a  long  series  of  morderous 
Ivans  and  Fopdors  mountet!  the  throne^ 
each  over  a  deposed  predecessor.  At 
length  came  the  Roinanotf 'ii,  fclie  first  *jf 
whom,  Miebael,  of  Prussian  ancestry,  was 
elected  and  proclaimed  in  1613,  lie  was 
the  «0Q temporary  and  the  vanqnbhed 
rival  of  Gu&tavaa  Adolphos,  of  Sweden, 
tris  ^raud«on^  Peter  the  Great ^  hsbred 
the  first  fafter  of  dvillmtion,  and  died  in 
1725,  wbea  his  wife,  an  abandoned 
womaQ  from  the  lowest  cla^  of  Hfe,  re- 
sumed the  early  imperial  crimen  by  steal- 
ing the  cmwn  of  the  lawful  lie  in  Tbo 
lirinces  fff  Menzikoff^  aons  of  the  pastry 
CiH>k  iif  Peter  the  Great,  restored  tlie 
rightful  fiovereigw^  who?e  early  death,  at 
iB  years  of  age,  wa:*  the  more  deplurable 
becaoi^e  be  was  the  ]a.st  male  Komanoflf. 
Hlis  anttt,  the  Empresa  Anne^  in  a  ten 
years*  r^ign  of  terror,  covered  Russia 
with  scaffbida,  and  peopled  Siberia  with 
exiles.  The  unhappy  Ivan,  cited  in  8tj©- 
dingk^i*  letter,  her  lawful  successor,  was 
fioatcbed  &oni  im  cradle  by  the  impress 
Elixabeth,  and  bidden  in  a  dnngeon.  The 
usurper  imported  to  her  succession  a  fo- 
reign nephew,  a  dnke  of  Holsiein,  Got- 
torp.  This  was  the  wretched  Peter  the 
Thirds  whose  wife,  Sophia  of  Anhalt 
Zerbst,  the  daughter  nf  a  ^»etty  German 
prinee,  was  bapti^od  by  the  Russian 
prle^its  Catherine.  8b e  vm  ol-^o  tbo 
cousin  of  her  liusibandt  but  never  wa^ 
marriage  more  ih-as#!<irted.  The  cxar,  in 
lujpeless  desperation  at  his  Inferiority, 
plotted  repudiatioo  and  death  for  his 
idffe*  A  base  treachery  recoiled  upon 
himself,  and  his  imiignant  nobles  cast 
him  into  prison,  where,  and  it  may  bo 
unknown  to  GatherinOi  his  keepera,  im- 
[latktit  with  a  alow  pobon^  strangled 
him. 


Such  was  the  introdnctionof  a  dangb* 
ter  of  little  Anhalt  to  the  throne  of  all 
the  Busstas, — Tast  regions  whicb^  noder 
her  auspices,  expacdiMl  unceasingly^  It 
was  first,  during  her  reign,  that  Enjisia 
took  positive  rank  witli  &e  power  and 
preatness  of  the  western  natjons.  She 
introduced  order  and  law  into  a  rait 
chaos  of  barhari  ty *  Her  ac  ti  vi  ty  f >nndeid 
academiea,  factories,  public  bank^  trnd 
fotm  d  ries-  I  n  h  er  eapi  tal  al  o  ne^  f  h  e  eda* 
oated  7,000  pau[)er  children,  and,  to  pei^ 
miadc  ber  ignorant  millions^  «ubmttu4 
herself  first,  in  tlie  empire,  to  the  expi- 
rimeni  of  racci nation.  She  made  com- 
mercial treaties  with  Europe  a£id  OhjQ&» 
Her  naviimtori  explored  the  remote  FV 
dfie,  while  6he  at  home,  con^tispoodtiig 
with  Vfdtaire,  Fox,  and  d^Alemhrrt,  pulJ- 
liihed  her  ownmanuseript  t^  -m 

philosophy  and  law.    The  Ji  m 

from    every  other    region    in    1 p^ 

found  refuge  only  with  the  Greek  I  :_-i. 
nriestess.  Her  genius  was  woniiornil; 
Ler  aotl^ty  and  ambition  withont  limit- 
She  rose  at  mx,  lighted  her  own  fir^  iti 
tliO  winter  morniiigj  and  forthwith  re- 
ceived ber  ministers  for  work,  Th<?se 
ministers  were  little  else  than  clerks,  to 
whom  siie  dictated  dispatciies  and  de- 
crees, h&r  owe  brain  being  feik  ooundl 
of  state. 

In  yotith  she  had  been  benutif\il,  and 
when  Stedin^k  fimt  saw  her,  there  re- 
in ainod  abundant  trac^  of  her  earlj 
eharmsp  A  brilliant,  pnro  compleTcitin, 
oquilitie  no$e,  c^imely  mouthy  and  h\m 
eyes  deepened  under  dark  br**Wfej,  hut 
softening  with  a  umlk*  getttlo  ftud  win- 
ning, are  all  gracefully  recordijd  by  one 
of  tije  mo,st  accomplisljed  and  observant 
foreigners  at  lier  court.  Her  droi?^  At 
thiis  fjeriod,  when  the  ouTli"*«  -.f  iior 
figure  began  to  betray  the  tt:  .  i?, 

wa*aE  ample  n»be,  garnbh'.  .  -jm^ 
broidery  and  jewels,  and  in  ado  with 
wide  falling  sleeves,  after  the  luideot 
coitume  of  Moscow*  Uer  portrait,  the 
nsQo)  gift  of  a  condeFcendinjr  st>r^rc^j^ 
waa  one  of  S tedi n gk's  earl y  t  '  i e r 

favor*   The  picture,  al  thong  [.  r* 

haps,  in  justice  to  a  ortiverL-uil  ujjyi^ty 
of  look,  recalls  forcibly  tl)e  "inperh  ftsa* 
tiiresof  Sid dons^ae  lira wn  in  the  modem 
Tragic  Mu^e. 

Such  was  the  fa"^ '"^  ^.>.*  ,.,...,.*■..,  i.^jji 
Slediugk  became  u» 

fid  ant*    She  is  ^!i  if**- 

doned  a  ^iend  *'-  '^cf 

eonstaney  b^ing  >  -l** 

Uona  of  life,  ^ave  thtil  which  o 
and  uuwortfiy  husband,  **  Itke 


la^sc] 


Count  SUdin^h 


501 


Holier  toan  all  bjs  tiibo,^^  ta^bt 

bar  to  fliiiif  Vfttuel«tfa»  awav. 

•  ft  «  «  • 

C3ii£li#riJi«  md  Gagcavaa^  bte  mortal 
nwmleiy  w«ro  now  lavitig  friends.  The 
new  julatlont  wtTo  bi*o%^hi,  by  th©  iwlraife 
iiiittig^M  ^t^dtuf^lft  to  &  pltckot 

ttnttnai  u,  which  fust  ri{>ened 

iiOid  m  c^^iiiai'm  agAitHt  FfAnoo.  The 
pbti  WHA  dniA'n  uut  in  fiiU,  and  the  am* 
fall        *' ^'   ^  i>ic«4  ill  the  pros* 

,|bt  Swode^  ntid  Eti»- 

Iki  Frcjuch  *^k*gid- 

Mn  vtiit'h  rni^ht  Imv^ 

Uu  ,  ^_,-.  -  .  ,  -, d.-i  cut  *liof t  by  the 
tnonlcr  of  the  king,  fii  the  midbt  of 
m  iQtJT(iy%  in  atrutig  contrast  with  tb© 
ll^lttfio^  of  hm  Or§t  cttnipaigfL,  he  fell 
a  fMUtti,  at  la^tf  to  tJie  boHtiiity  of  Ida  of- 
todod  tfid  till cjornpromt sing  nobles*  Hd 
End  be^n  t'fniti^ti**d  eiinn3»t!y  by  many 
fiteMb  f r  1  abroad  ag&icftl  fl  ooo- 

fetoqy  '  i>D  the  oih  er  side  of  the 

Udc  K^eri  MR  tJit  day  of  the  fauil  rnoa- 
i|«nd««  b«  reooir&d  a  ictttT  urging  him 
WH  lo  ttUeod  it.  AU  «iiob  opuub^I,  U^w- 
flvir,  lift  tt^ntod  widi  diadiiti,  and  wrap- 
niif  lii«i«alf  Sn  adfimino  wlthiilken  mask, 
Li  intemd  tbo  tlicatro  at  tnidnigbt,  A 
land  nmk»  eull««Uu^  tag«th#r«  and 
wWiMt  i|»|i4rtiit  rud^oMi,  maaig^ 
pMtaotly  til  -iiirroiiriil  him,  and  tht  re^ 
pon  ot  ifocly  lo^dof 

ibm  i£]  ition,  or  tlia 

dnc  ttf  ikio  vrobofltrm  ^uirtttfi)  and  t«r^ 
riflaa  Ibt  iaMinblF.  Tlje  |ioor  king  M\^ 
mrniaSh  wonndod,  In  the  iLrnis  of  his  d«» 
f«l6il  Oyimt  AnnfelL  Utter  c^anruKioa 
folkiwad*    An  trnmoiaie  ori'  ^og 

lo  and  firo,  dinfieHMd  ibt  >  >[)»» 

Hi*  pMot  wm  '  '  .j;ion  i1j«'  uiH>r^  bat 
iIm  Mftd    ti  I   it   wiu   bidd#ii 

ibe  liiuMLcot,  Oua^tavui  alona 
to  priiar«t  bia  pft»i»QQO  of  mind. 
**'lM  thm  doon  be  (tinned,"  he  eidaf  m«<l ; 
**l9i  all  tinmaik/^  and  liKikiug  aronnd 
iip^o  «tai7  lace,  and  teeing  but  otn*  gmvy 
wm  wxpraiiliiQ  of  aJarm  aud  grk^f,  a  na- 
toril  jgrmttiom  in  hk  soul  rn«e  upper- 
•-God  grant,"  *nld  he,  "GchI 
ft  lie  may  «acap«  V*  Tbt^re  wen^  tiina 
I  pr»»ent<  Eight  of  them 
Itft  iImt  tbca^o  -with  tti«  a^c^dtriekaa 
<r.i     -  -  iintsd,  btit  pjuiiiif 

^  A  i«ingl«gil«t 

itiii  uii£iT«  ~    '    iji-reftsed  appa- 

tmtxlf  iiif  all  pffMeut,  and 

al  Mflb,  t!  "'— n><iohing 

tiia  iiAoer  '  I  cour* 

laonaly  and .i,  I  uo«t 

jaa  solaria.  i0fiofiue."   Tbia 

IILl 


He  also  paaaed  nnansp^eted ;  nnd  in 

the  solitnde  there  waa  n«w  no  evidence 
boy  on  d  tli^  cord  led  blond  Ti[jr»ri  llie  Htwir, 
the  pistol  ai really  fyuod*  aod  the  knife 
sharpened  like  n  dagger^  wjjlt^h  lay  be- 
neath a  pile  of  maskn  niid  m-titicittl  iiow- 
er9.  The  pistol  sufficed>  An  arinrtror 
declared  to  whom  be  bad  lately  sold  it. 
The  purchaser,  a  nobleman,  named  An- 
karstrOru,  Uk4y  oomtnandiiig  n  troop  of 
lire-giiardtf,  it  once  avowed  tbo  act  and 
the  eaaNi*  Ha  bod  been  tried  a  sh»M-t 
time  before  for  aoin«  miidenteanorf  and 
altluKigh  «i!nnitted»  resolvdl  upon  re- 
vemre,  A  deaperate  man,  in  tiiort,  hi© 
rendilj  listened  to  the  conftplraej.  md 
becama  ita  agent  lliii  aecwroptioei^ 
names  among  the  highest  in  the  realm, 
were  dijricloised  imnieaiatoly,  but  mo*,t  of 
tbem  escaped,  while  Ankanstrum  dio<l  as 
croel  a  death  as  human  iugetniiiy  could 
demise. 

Meanwhile^  GnstavQt  was  filivwly  dy- 
ing* UXi  Iftst  hours  were  the  greatest  of 
Ids  life.  Ut^  f<irguvo  hb  w^an'sains,  Mo 
pruyed  his  brother  to  wfttch  over  the 
tomlor  yearn  uf  Ula  H>n ;  he  nann*d  a  eonii- 
cil  of  stfltG  fur  the  regency;  appninl^ 
Arnifi!lt  governor  of  the  city,  nrul  s^ur* 
roiijided  by  his  iiimily,  died  with  words 
of  faith  and  lovd  atiJl  tr^mhlljig  on  hb 
lips. 

He  wagnpicttifeiqiie,  romantickinfr;  at 
one  iime^  like  hb  anoeatori  Qnj«taf- Vasa^ 
liaranguing  the  Doleamen,  in  tlieir  Mara 
TaUey%  and  a^aln,  marehing  vicioHciUidy 
at  their  liead  against  the  invading  rMnen. 
The  tourist  thniughont  Sweden  will  tlud 
a  truveller^ft  i[iter<3t  c<>iistautly  recti rniig 
lo  hii  story.  His  lieauUful  of*cra  liouie 
frontt  upon  th<»  grsat  inuarr  ''  ^ '  '.- 
ht>lm,  tbo  death  tfoene  of  fta  f '  1 

the  craillu  of  Jenny  LInd.  iv'^vni  L'*'*od 
ba»  lert  ita  lOArk  ui>on  the  stagey  44  laat^ 

"" -  ^h<->  potir  Itidian's  in  the  hall  of 

i.  IkMa  it  trcxjp  !illy  with  the 
J  t;»f  Liiid^  and  the  flr-d  bound  of 
Tagiioni  t  Th(m\  at  Ica^^t,  are  it»  fallows 
In  local  fame,  and  tho  trai^eller  who  re* 
enlh  the  "actor*'  nuocr  of  Cfithcrioo, 
may  luoraliKc  them  likt»  the  ni4?lfmcht>ly 
Jaoqticai  into  a  thooaand  simil^ti* 

Stadingk  hod  hitherto  met  wfili  mt 
cnfafortuncf  pu  distj-ciiiiful  tlis  maidy 
liaan  bitterly  dephired  the  fate  of 
hl«  benefactor^  He  h>)d  nn  fHend 
whom  be  love<l  »o  well;  his  WyMi 
pkyitiate,  rompanlon  of  yoiilbt  wid 
eoinrnde  in  nrrti^;  and  to  theii  «Ddait» 
;.,.-  p..  ..ii*u  tL.ni  there  was  adde^  em  Urn 
ifk,  an  inherent  loyalty  of 
I  Lj  ieb  alfnalbed  llii  ardor  gf 


m 


505 


Couni  Skdmgk 


bis  perAODitJ  affect)OD».  He  was  d^tmed 
to  a  seri(^  of  Biinjlar  triftb,  A  hw 
months  later  hii  friend.  Count  Ferseo, 
liimself  EOoa  to  be  torn  in  pieces  by  A 
mob  J  sent  him  firjit  iniellifence  of  tlia 

devotion  to  the  unhappy  qncon  i»  well 
known.  Evil  spirits  bave  tried  to  blacken 
her  memory  with  reprcuich  in  this,  and 
Ihe  mui(5  defamers  would  have  given 
tbeir  own  oiilnr  to  tbo  emotion  pictured 
in  Fer«en'a  corregnondenoe.  Fn  ibe  fol- 
lowing letter,  whieh  was  fonnd  reverently 
preserved  among  Stedingk'a  private  pa- 
perSj  there  is  a  depth  of  feeling  nnmis- 
tnkably  the  offering  of  an  honorable 
iieort^  !  tm^t  these  tnLita  may  a  till  bo 
discovered  in  an  Englisb  Tertion, 

"  fijiii««k,  11  O<t0ber»  l-m, 
"¥t  DBARFnoEKO, — 

**Tlie  oerlainty  of  yonr  faithfel  eyra- 
pathy  cuuM  alone  induce  me  to  write  to 
you  in  tbis  moment  c*f  grief;  and  tb© 
certainty  of  yonr  devotion  to  a  princess 
whose  fate  we  can  now  only  deplore, 
leads  me^  toy  friend^  to  send  yon  the 
news  of  her  death.  Let  u^  weep  together 
She  has  been  put  to  death  by  ravage 
monstera.  Her  oandewmation  and  exe- 
cntion  required  but  two  days.  1  have 
no  poaitive  details  yet,  but  her  groat  sonl, 
and  the  <Hmrage  ^he  has  shown  iQ  four 
years  of  wretchedness,  well  warrant  a 
heroism  for  the  last  bonra  of  a  life  so 
beautifoL  Your  heart  ebarea  ray  grief, 
and  you  heart  only  can  conceive  IL  It 
is  beyond  the  sense  of  words. 

^*  Axel  Fbeskn." 

Count  A3td  iron  Fersen,  the  chief  of 
an  ancient  Swedish  family,  was  educated 
principally  at  the  militfiry  academy  of 
Turin,  He  entered  the  service  of  his 
country  a  cap  to  in  of  dragoon  gnards; 
but  wearied  with  inactivity,  he  followed 
Stedingk  to  Versailles^  and  became  his 
comrade  in  the  **  Royal  Eegiment  of 
Swedes,*'  He  was  nine  years  younger 
than  Stcd logic  (having  been  Iwrn  in 
1765),  and  seFved  in  our  revolution 
later  tlmn  he,  under  Rocbambeau,  re- 
ceiving from  Washington's  own  hands 
the  badge  of  the  Cincinnati.  Upon  his 
return  xxi  France,  bo  was  named  colonel 
of  Ins  old  rei^ment*  A  remarkable  ele* 
gance  of  pei^n,  much  wealth,  and  tal- 
ents of  a  sliowy  order,  soon  obtained  for 


I  dm  Idgb  consideration  at  conrt,  and  be 
became  a  devoted,  fascinated  adherent 
of  the  Bourbons.  The  queen^  especially, 
didtingnidied  him,  and  in  the  memorable 
flight  to  Varennes,  be  was  the  disguised 
eonchrnan  of  the  unhappy  fugitive?. 
They  were  overtaken  and  eApture<%  and 
Fersen  escaped  to  Prague,  where  he  was 
aeeretly  em  ployed  by  Guatnvos  the  Third, 
in  funheriug  the  Rus^iian  and  Swedish 
project  for  re*instatiDg  the  French  royal 
family;  The  plan  was,  as  we  have  ^een, 
out  short  by  tlie  murder  of  Gustavns, 
Tlte  guillotine  began  iU  fearful  work  in 
Paris,  and  there  was  no  French  exile 
wandering  about  the  world  more 
wretched  than  thi«  faithful  Sweden  He 
returned  at  last  to  bis  native  oountry. 
Wealth,  rank,  royal  favor,  aud  fine 
capacities,  elevated  Idm  to  high  tmsland 
dignity.  He  became  the  favorite  of  tbe 
king.  His  sister  enjoyed,  in  an  equal 
degree,  the  favor  of  the  qneen,  and  both 
grew  haugbty  and  unpopular.  Feraen 
was  made  Grand  Marshal  of  Sweden, 
and  a  host  of  enemies  plotted  his  ruin. 
Opportunity  soon  served.  The  sodden 
death  of  the  crown  prince  gave  rise  to 
suspicion.  Poison  and  the  Fersens  were 
words  whispered  together  in  the  ears  of 
the  people.  Sa??piclon  and  reiaentmetit 
spread  like  a  dark  cloud  over  the  city, 
and  the  eight  of  Fersen,  in  his  gUded 
coach  of  state,  marsh  ailing  the  funeral 
pageant,  was  a  signal  for  the  storm  to 
burst.  The  troops  looked  on  vrith  in- 
difierence.  They  lined  the  street,  but 
it  does  not  appear  that  a  single  hand  was 
raii^ed  in  defence  of  the  vicliin,  whom 
the  mob  slowly  and  deliberately  tortured 
to  death  i  The  sister,  disgni&ed  as  a 
Dalccarlian  peasant  girl,  was  hunted 
furiously  throogh  the  country,  and  after 
infinite  peril,  escaped  acrofs  tlie  11a! tic. 

Stediagk,  still  at  St.  Petersburg,  learn- 
ed the  news  of  his  friend ^s  de^th  In  a 
dispatch  from  the  Swedish  Foreign  Of- 
fice. His  official  acknowledgment  of 
tbb  dispatch  h  characteristic. 

*  *  *  *^That  which  is  most 
unhappy  in  this  atroeioua  crimt*,  is  the 
dishonorable  mark  it  leaver  upon  the 
Swedish  name.  It  can  never  be  e^aced 
unless  the  swiftest  severest  punbbmeot 
prove  to  the  world  the  horror  with 
which  a  deed  like  this  inspires  the  na- 
tion. If  I  were  insensible  to  th©  fate  of 
a  friend  whose  worth  and  Ijonor  no  one 


i 
I 


:  V  nttiii  hive  chjuifed  St«diiigfc*«  tiAiiirfcl  fH«f  Into  ft 


i 


TS«J 


^immiity  of  Woridi. 


503 


w  Ml  »cU  ia  I, — if  I  wem  indifri^riini 
f  lo  the  dinger  will ch  niimt  threaten  tha 
tfonnifrr  if  thin  rrirne  g*)  ungninislied,  my 
luHTar  of  fKipTiUr  cruelty  mid  wrung 
iroviM  bo  nant^  ilie  l<^— o^pt^ckiUy  when 
coeh  ft  wrung  in  aJliini  wkh  th^  bnsmi 

I  The  «ifeot  Is  miveioped  in  my  story, 
dsrk  lA  Atiy  leu^ud  uf  the  (Msi.  Tue 
•elciri  snd  thJr  fvcinxuplioc^  ire  gtiDd, 
to  bt  ittdged  whoro  nci  iiuiiijin  witaoiiea 
need  be  iiiininoii«4*  Fem^n's  misiooo* 
iumtliit  atnofig  men  m  of  a  |u;i;iltl6iM  &»d 
htrole  fletltji,  but  his  rinrne  Iiaa  gono 
Irum  itnong  Urn  gen  ©rati  una.  Fun  illy 
hAll«  whii'b  the  ]a»t  of  hb  Uno  decorat^'d 
w^Ui  jirincoly  alAt*;,  are  tonanled  by 
•telignn.  A  |mUc-6  and  it^  terraoos^ 
«nbeiiil?  iduniing  Iho  Hujckbolift  Grand 
GiumiL11r«  i^m  Fmc^iti  bulmnlm  of  an- 
mlitr  Venm^  are  not,  Ukctbt*i«»boweTer, 
ft  noaoai«jii  tottering  to  decay,  btit  the 
tafltUhll  ftbodeof  living  aotiTekiodnew; 


and  be  who  tradTig!i?ge!ids  to  tbdr  w^uree, 
may  hopt*  to  find  an  ivy-bonnd  ruin  (or 
the  monniiient  of  Fenien,  tboidd  bero 
rcjulee  in  a  f^ntlo  piomr©  of  family,  fiUf- 
paaoifig  til©  cimrm  of  inoi^grown  tow  era. 
TbeM  may  chrnio  with  the  muffled  l'*n<j 
of  a  dark  history,  bnt  it  li  well  wben 
tbo  limbic  of  human  Ufe  may  be  tuned 
tt>  a  bappit^r  k«y. 

Gn*tavug  tho  Third  was  sncooedeil  by 
hia  youthful  eon,  tho  most  anfortunato 
t>f  \ih  rat^e,  **  Uustavna  th©  Ponrtb^ 
Adoii^hu--"  The  uncle  of  the  young 
king  assumed  tho  regency,  aiid  with  a 
iHjHcy  dinmotrically  opposed  to  tlie  lato 
r^igri,  recognised  At  once,  the  Repuhlin 
of  Fran6e.  Sweden  was  tlins  the  firat 
kingdom  to  take  this  atep.  Throngbout 
all  those  changes  Stedingk  continued  at 
his  poist  In  8l  PeterBburg,  enjoying  en- 
tirely the  oonfldeno©  of  bis  own  govern- 
moQt,  and  the  very  decided  partiality  of 
OatJieriae. 


PLUEALITT    OF    WORLDS. 

IKKOW  not  if  those  wondrons  orbs  of  ligbt, 
Wbicli  gaze  np<m  um  like  immortal  eyes, 
And  with  their  ^we^t  k»L»kE»  ebeer  ibe  darkling  skleSi 
What  Ume  the  Bhadowy  hours  lead  on  tho  night, 
Their  oruir»e«k©ep,  ini[Nen<?trahly  bright, 
For  wiirlds  anil  beinpn  of  anolht?r  birtii 
Than  wo  and  ours,  t>r  -mK  ^.l^^l  on  earth 
Inftniie  )ov*.diui^«iM  aiHl  bt; 

Kitiier  w«-re  iU ;  hut  t:i  vund  all  •Jgbt, 

Qlorloua  tlivy  fib  tininaaaiinibia  iipaoe, 
Enough^  tliat  whcu  11a  sought  eartl/s  mined  race, 
Ilia  heralds  tbt*y  along  tb^  Ginpyrcal  height. 
And  Umiv  his  gfitu^rlngpavvmi^nt,  when  Uk  itrodn 
Hb  pAih  tnttmphaat  home  through  heavenV  rt»aplondent  road* 


IDEM    LATIN£    REDDITUM, 

NE&CIO,  eert^,  qnae  Tolvuntur  sidera  ooelOf 
Afqtia  (M^uliB  inde  itnmorudihus  a^ipieiiint  noi^ 
Sob  graut  ()nornm  lucet  inox  ve^jiora  yallUf 
Hiiraa  quum  incipiantr  felatae  diieer^  noetem, 
W  f^n^ttfit  **iif*u<*  IrtfJHB^  fnlgctntia  Mumper, 
r  .^iiwjue  crettiaf 

1  terrae  taper  orb«m 
lu^iiiit  et  decnn  almnin ; 
jtt^  nitn  fhiinmantia  noMt. 

.1  tk^rval^^rcsm  ip«uru  :  '  nl^nlem 

i  i,r  i,,tn;M.,  .,h=r....iin  .  -,,,.rii  eandent, 

ta  o(iru»ean% 
L  .       ud?4ifilt  ftltlia. 


504 


[Nor. 


AMERICAN    WINES. 


"  AMERICAN  WINES  1"  says  John 

XI.  Bull,  setting  down  his  glass  of 
untasted  port  iu  amazement.  '•'Amerl' 
can  Wines!  If  Catawba  and  Isabel- 
la once  get  domiciled  in  the  Lon- 
don docks,  there  is  an  end,  sir,  to  charch 
and  state,  constitution,  loyalty,  liberty 
of  the  subject,  army  and  navy,  game 
laws,  magna  charta,  pension  list,  courts 
of  chancery,  royal  prerogative,  and,  in 
fact,  sir,  to  everything  that  is  respectable. 
The  time  has  come,  sir,  when  it  is  the  duty 
of  every  Briton  to  set  his  face  against 
these  new-fangled  enterprises.  Catawba ! 
fau^hl  bring  me  some  small  beerP' 

There  are  many  persons,  even  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic,  who  look  at  objects 
through  a  reversed  glass,  very  much  like 
our  respected  relative  on  the  other  side. 
They  remind  one  of  those  old  Austrian 
generals  who  said  of  Napoleon,  "  This  fel- 
low does  not  fight  according  to  our  estab- 
lished system  of  tactics ;  he  is  an  innova- 
tor ;  lo<.>k  at  his  troops  I  instead  of  having 
their  hair  powdereu  and  properly  put 
up  in  a  pigtail,  every  head  in  the  army 
of  France  is  cropped,  and  he  even  pre- 
sumes to  substitute  loose  trousers  for 
tight  breeches  and  spatterdashes;  per- 
fectly absurd,  to  pretend  to  carry  on  a 

campaign     without     the      proper 

Hark !  The  French  drums  aprain ;  let's 
be  off,  fly,  run,  never  mind  tiie  colors, 
in  time  this  young  man  will  find  out  his 
error ;  we  will  abandon  the  field  to  him 
for  the  present,  and,  by-and-by,  como 
back  and  retaTce  it  /" 

I^t  us  l(»ok  through  the  green  speo- 
tacles  of  this  Monthly  of  ours,  and  see 
things  in  a  new  light,  at  least. 

Tliere  seems  to  be  a  i)erpetual  balance 
of  compensation  throughout  the  world. 
Art  has  exhausted  itself  in  the  Greek 
marble.  Not  so ;  painting  succeeds,  and 
the  **  Virgin"  of  Raphael  finds  devotees 
more  numerous  than  the  '*  Jupiter  Olym- 
pius  "  of  Phidias.  Cadmus  brings  the 
alphabet  from  Phainicia;  Egypt  invents 
papyrus ;  the  jealousy  of  the  Ptolemies 
prevents  Eumeiies  of  Pergarais  obtaining 
enough  of  this  article  for  his  library,  so 
he  substitutes  parcliment;  paper  su- 
persedes parchment;  Faust  leaves 
his  imprint  on  the  paper,  and  goes  off 
in  a  cloud  of  brimstone  to  the  other 
world ;  and  Morse,  guiding  an  element 
hitherto  the  most  intangible  and  imprao- 
ticable  in  nature,  flashes  intelligence 
across  a  continent  in  a  second.    So,  too, 


the  master  ship-builder,  looking  at  the 
place  where  the  live  o^  forest  stands  no 
more,  says,  "We  must  build  ships  <rf 
iron."  So,  too,  we  substitute  coal  for 
wood,  gas  for  oil,  steam  for  sub.  For 
every  want  there  is  a  compensation. 

How  does  it  stand  with  wines  ? 

This  is  an  important  question.  The 
tendrils  of  the  vine,  are  intertwined  with 
civilization  and  refinement  in  eveiy  age. 
"  The  thyrsus  guides  the  savage  and  an- 
govemable  panthers;"  so  the  Greek 
loved  to  typify  its  power  over  barhuio 
nature.  To  Bacchus,  more  than  to  any 
other  god,  do  the  ancients  ascribe  tlie 
greatest  achievements ;  "  especially  waa 
he  celebrated  for  his  advancement  of  mo- 
rals, legislation  and  commerce,  for  the  cid- 
ture  of  the  vine  and  the  rearing  of  bees." 
There  are  mysterious  truths  in  that  old 
heathen  mythology ;  truths  well  worth  the 
attention  of  the  wise  in  these  blatant  tin- 
trumpet  days,  when  the  most  brilliant  as- 
sortment of  public  virtues  is  kept  on  hand 
constantly  by  every  threadbare  politi- 
cian, and  exposed  to  the  crowd,  like  gold 
watches  in  a  mock-auction  shop.  "For 
every  want  there  is  a  compensation;^ 
and  now,  while  large  bodies  of  men  are 
moved  by  the  temperance  question,  at 
the  very  outstart,  it  is  important  to  con- 
sider tliis,  and  to  estimate  what  effect 
the  culture  of  the  vine  will  have  upon 
the  American  people.  If  we  compare 
the  vine-growing  with  the  non-vine* 
growing  countries  of  Europe,  we  find 
that  drunkenness,  with  its  car-loads  of 
evil,  traverses  the  non-producing  north 
only,  while  the  south  furnishes  a  prevail- 
ing example  of  national  sobriety.  Let 
us  turn  our  eyes,  then,  to  these  great 
facts,  and  profit  by  them,  instead  of 
watching  the  efforts  of  political  philan- 
thropists, who  seem  obstinately  bent  upon 
driving  human  nature  tandem  through 
every  state,  with  a  horse- whip.  And  in 
this  relation  it  is  well  to  observe,  that 
by  the  abstract  of  the  seventh  census,  we 
are  informed  that  the  imports  of  foreign 
wines  in  the  United  States  for  the  year 
1851,  amounts  to  little  over  %ix  millions 
of  gallons,  while  our  homo  manufactures 
of  whisky,  ale,  and  spirituous  liquon, 
reached  the  enormous  sum  of  eighty-six 
millions  of  gallons;  one  quarter  of  a 
gallon  for  each  person,  and  in  ralne  only 
ten  cents  per  year,  is  the  fearful  wiM 
•core  of  this  mebriated  nation,  while 
temperate  France  oonsomes  nine  him* 


1««»,] 


Ammean  Winii* 


Mi 


fwm 


WDK 


iftd  mlliioisA  of  gaXlons  of  wiue,  eqn^l 

^Ui«f    nmo  hv  Hlrt>d  mi  iUmn  of 
con^tinjiJtion  mitl  iH  tJie  balance 
Ha  r  ijf  the  t^alier(iMit  njituu», 

i  ,ir*i  ajt^i  (ill  18"i4)  [h*?n^  wag 

etitiil^l,  *'C*l**4irvfttiiinH  i>n  the  ciim"actcr 

t]  Vine,  tjur- 

rii  the  vine- 

^-  '      .nd 
rl:.  -.or 

■I     'ii.jl'i    111"."   lill'i^T     ill>tf 

to  thdFo  n«v«r  whj»  ti  Ir^er  fmtrii>t,  nor 
Ami  Uk^    dfiy   mil  lit  com« 
our  uiitiofifd  b(^nrfftru>rsi 
higlitr  ttmn  llie  nfiina«  of 
A^Eim,  Pufoiir,  Lonifworih,  &i\ii  Fbber, 
«<ir  pioci«eri  in   gr^{te  ctiltttrc   in   tbia 
oaoaCry.      In  reatlmg  tbe   wntinfi  of 
flydb  ind  »v«r7  one,  wi?  &ra  itiipre««ad 

tifiB  bj  wbtcli  tliej  ore  iK^tQjiled* 
If  In  U}«  t>n»face   to  bis  book,* 

.  A  toiro  to  he  n*efwl  to  m/ oonnfcrj- 
lOtti  bu  udnmtoil  nU  injr  ^ortei  Aod 
dttfi  ft  itlmnlttt  to  oil  my  axortlonp. 
It  it  ihh  dtttfire,  la  COD  Diction  wilb  a 

Wkb    lO    Mtlflfy    Ibo    tmm^rnii^    innLin-ioi 

tbftS  lmt%  hmn  m%d9  tipun  % 

Ibftl   I    hftT«    boOfl    M    10   Ufr  bo 

[irinnl  woHc^  whlcb,  I  ho[>«,  will  induce 
««llNr«  u>  folbw  my  <^XAmfil««  in  culd- 
Ttttinf  tli#  vin^  ftiid  be  itie  me&ns  of 
pprmlii^  ft  kaowMgo  of  the  itibj^t 
mMmf  my  Mlow'C\tm*nt^.  As  I  nin  m\* 
rftnctiif  in  Te&f#^  nnd  know  not  wbtn  I 
mftj  bt  aiM  b^nc!4%  [  am  tolkiious 
ibftt  tJi«  knforntfttloii  I  bQv«  ao(|i tired 
' '       I  db  wltb  mo.'' 

who^  nltlioQgli  nn  nlU^rif  KHimfl 

bjr  tbe  mml  ftrdent  bv*  <>f 

■tttiT  tod  in  iiitfituiioii<s  takei 

tim  I.  a<iift  ind  aol  only  mtnrna 

^rowlntf  ooiifitJi«»  of 

who  tlioie  pkem  In 

Joketl  ijtAteii  where  tbe  vine  hm  bad 

bold,     lie  eayi*  t 

*^t  wvni  Co  Neo  ftll  tboTinei  gfoviog 
libit  1  QOttfal  bMT  of^  eiren  oe  fkr  ft*  Ksa* 
kMklft,  OD  tbe  burdem  of  tbe  MiB#t««ip- 
|4 ;  iMNCftii**  I  wftM  u4d  by  eu  iiiheMUiit 
0f  thftt  tow%  wbom  I  mot  wltb  in  f'jd* 


tUt 


Udelpblo,  UiAi  tbe  Jesdiiti  bad  there  b 
very  8iieo««iful  vineyard^  when  ibat 
00*10 try  bt^toEiged  to  the  French,  &m] 
were  art»^rw»*i!s  i  nJervi  by  tbe  Fr^  ^ob 
goTerofient  to  d^trr/  it,  for  fear  tbe 
euUur©  of  I  lie  grnpo  slionld  Bpre«r]  tri 
A  me  rim  and  burt  ibe  wine  trade  of 
France.'* 

The  refiulta  of  Dufour'e  jonmeyingi 
ttJid  ex|>cru«cintft  are  embnieed  in  a 
volume  which,  eveti  to  this  day,  h  a 
text -boot  for  the  eiiHivatoi'3  in  tbe 
we*t4 

Contemporary  with  Adlpm  and  Dtjfour 
we  find  Lori^"'^"*^\  of  Cincinnati, 
wh  ope  uo  J  ate  1 ;  ^ « » m  i  n  v  i  n  e  cul- 
ture ff>r  more  I. ...  .:y  jenrs  have  at 

last  been  crowned  with  success.  *^*To 
Mr.  LftngTsorth,  more  than  tt>  any  otlier 
man  in  the  Wemt^  wo  are  mont  hidcbted 
ffir  ottT  knowledge  in  grape  ouhnre/"  i* 
tbe  iangnage  of  Mr  Butbanun,  ihe 
aiiOiop  of  an  invshiftlile  IUlli5  treatii*e 
on  AmeHoan  vines  and  wino^  And  l^ke 
Adlum  and  tJufour,  we  perceive  in  all 
hi«  writioj^  00  tbe  Tine,  tbe  airme  eoo- 
atAni  endmtor  to  promote  Datioaal 
prosperity,  mitloiial  temperance,  and 
national  hiUrity. 

ia«lly,  FUtier,  wbo^  eojonrn  for 
fire  yeftrs  in  Franee,  Italy,  and  Switaer- 
bind,  was  eobly  fwr  the  purpose  of  ob- 
taining infoimation  tipon  thia  important 
lubjeet^  rctnrna,  and  lays  hta  tribute  on 
the  altar  of  the  Re  public.  Let  ns  ioe 
what  he  myn  regarding  temperaoeo : 

^  I  linve  paaeed  three  years  in  Fmne«| 
where  I  ne^er  «aw  a  drunken  Frenob- 
man.  Eighteen  months  in  Italy,  and  tn 
that  time,  not  an  Itnlian  Sntoxieatod. 
NeftHy  two  yean  In  Switzerbmd.  of 
which  I  CAnnot  aay  the  aame,  but  I  cftn 
F4ifc*ly  aver,  ibat  dnring  that  pen  ad,  I 
did  not  see  tw<^ntv  drunken  nieii;  and 
wb<?[itfvcr  my  f^(jefiijg»  were  pained  «! 
beholding  a  pru«tratign  no  aad  over  bet- 
U'f  principles,  it  wai  iuvariably  oa  a& 
ooeaaion  of  exti^iordinftry  feativity  .^^ 

AtcmOf  In  Aootber  page,  bo  tbnn  adfiiii 

■'^Th*  enklvfttioQ  of  tlie  rlne  will  d« 
moTv  towftfdi  the  farth<^rano«  ef  ihli 
object,  than  a  bniit  of  non-r^tniutninf 
fueolutionii.  On  atl  «/&iyrtM  nhalt  legi^U- 
tt)r«  h»ok  wttb  indiierenoc**  and  with* 
1    ■  '  '      I  the  moral  iTir[in>v*raefit  «l  ib^ 

Mit.^  ^.i^  j^  ■.  uMwk:  otirnkSac  wifMv    Itf  J«ha  kMtt^t 

m  on  Ih*  enUlTmtJiia  of  tht  tIuh  vbA  Ihi  prgg—t  if 

:  u^lbr  Ilk*  |«flitvHitr« 

44n  *f  Olll«,  MAI  Vtttf » 


$m 


AfmHcan  l^mi. 


oommtmitj  the  nld  »o  liberally  grunted 
to  railwaja,  &nd  canals,  and  ^^ctioDol 
improTeineDUf  "We  hope  otlierwis^j 
ana  that  the  foiteriDg^  hand  af  govern- 
111  en  t,  in  aid  of  the  nam^otis  aaaocia* 
tkoa  for  ameliorating  the  coodition  of 
man,  will  be  extended  to  the  cultlvaiion 
of  tJie  vine.  To  the  sjatem  that  should 
bsiiiidh  int^mperanfie  from  our  land^  will 
be  jnstly  due  a  conspieuoca  raok  ainoog 
tlie  improvements  of  the  age.  It  is 
from  this  cultivation  that  we  can  confi- 
dently hope  such  a  bW^ing,  a  ble^ing 
which  i^littll  infuse  through  out  tbe  land  a 
life-giving  energy,  and  imbuo  with  the 
huppieit  indnenoo  the  moral  atmosphere 
that  ^nrronndfl  ns^  an  influence  (to  Ivor- 
row  the  language  of  a  distinguished  his- 
torian)  '  more  salutary  than  that  win  eh 
the  vestals  of  Nnroa  derived  from  the 
saered  fount  of  Egeria,  when  they  drew 
from  it  the  mystic  watera  with  wKich 
they  sprinkled  the  sanctuary,'  ^* 

Wherever  the  Tine  floorisheei,  there, 
too,  is  a  happy  people.  The  vintage! 
What  picttjres  rise  tipon  the  mind  at  the 
mere  mention  of  ill  What  inemonea 
duster  around  it;  what  skies  and  soenes; 
what  Imppy  songi ;  what  festive  dances  J 
What  jmagca  of  gay  Provence,  sauny 
Andflluma,  and  the  castellated  Rhine! 
What  names  of  poeta  and  orators;  of 
architeeta  and  sculptors ;  of  c^jIumriA, 
vasea,  urns,  friezes ;  of  satyrs,  nympha, 
and  dryadii;  of  cymbal^  trumpets, 
harps ;  of  *'  hreatldess  cnpa  and  chirping 
mirth;"  of  graceful  youth,  and  happy 
age;  of  herocsi,  prophets,  gods;  of  all 
that  makes  tlie  antique  world  "  a  thm£ 
of  beauty,  and  a  joy  for  ever;'*  aad, 
united  with  all  that  is  noble  and  sacred 
in  the  history  of  man  1 

*■  0  Jbr  &  dnught  of  tIqU^^  thftt  hkth  bfl90 

T^tlDg  (>r  FJorm  &d(1  IIib  Doantr7-girieea, 
Duice,    ADil    Pr^iTtfin^    Boa^,   juxl   tim-tmriat 
mlrlh  I 
■  Oi  fbr  1  bevJror  ftill  of  the  wArm  fonUi^ 
i     y^H  of  the  troUt  the  bluthrtil  Hlppocren«, 
^Trub  h«ft]-ile^  bubb|«4  irtnkinf  at  the  brtm, 

And  purple  lUluM  moutli; 
'•Hitt  I  m\gh%  drlak,  and  lea,T<s  the  worliJ,  ttciieea, 
Add  with  Uiee  £u)9  avt;  inio  t&«  fbj^vt  dim," 

So  sings  Keata  to  the  Kightingale,  so 
may  we  sing,  and  haply  not  in  vain* 

As  a  souree  of  nationd  prosperity,  the 
cultivation  of  Uie  vine  can  hare  no  rii^al. 
By  its  wonderful  prodnodirenees  in  the 
most  sterile  soils,  tlie  ease  with  which  it 
fi  attended  I  i%A  not  requiring'  the  tiae  of 
ferti! tiers  c*r  manure?,  and  its  auitability 
to  nearly  eTery  climate,  it  anpersodea,  In 


Talue,  the  most  proE table  staples  in  the 
vege table  kingdom, 

Bnohanaa,  in  the  preset  to  the  gEh 
edition  of  his  work  ^^on  grape  culture 
and  wine  tnaking,*^  says ; 

*^The  year  1858  (in  Ohio)  was  the 
most  favorable  since  1@4§,  and  the  yield 
unusually  large,  avera^pog  about  650 
gallons  10  the  acre,  from  me  best  ctxlti- 
vuted  vineyards,  and  from  a  few,  800  to 
1^00  gallons.  The  writer  obtained  frotn 
five  acres  43S6  gallons,  or  847  gallons 
per  acre*  In  some  parts  of  the  country, 
tiie  crop  was  i?hortened  hy  *the  w%* 
and  in  many  vineyardit  by  carrleBd  eulti- 
vation;  so  that  the  average  yield  for 
the  whole  country  did  out  excseed  iOO 
gallons  to  the  acre," 

Think  of  it  I  and  wine  worth  one  dol- 
lar per  gallon  at  the  pre*a  1 

A  gentleman  in  Midway^  Keotncky, 
a  cultivator  of  the  vine,  writes  us ; — 

"  Wine  can  be  made  aa  cheap  in  Ken- 
tucky aa  it  is  in  France  or  Germany ;  It 
can  be  made  aa  cheap  aa  cidett  nud  at 
fifteen  cent*  per  gallon  it  wll'  '  t^r 
than   any  of   our   ^ple    |  i**^ 

And  now  for  the  proof— say  iufi^  ^^u  i^cm 
of  vines  will  average  400  gallons, 

*^  40O  gaUona  of  wine,  at  15c,„  h  |60. 

*^  An  acre  ai  our  best  land  it  b«m^  will 
average  six  hundred  w^eight. 

"  600  weight  of  hemp^  at  15,  ia  |S0. 

^*  Leaving  a  balance  in  favor  of  tho 
vineyard  $30  or  100  per  cent, 

**One  acre  of  corn  wiE  ny<^ra^  flf^r 
bushels,  worth  thirty  cents  j 

"50  bushels  at  tliirty  cer. 

**  Leaving  balance  in  favor  ot  tlj'j  vine- 
yard $45. 

"  The  expenses  of  establisbing  m  vine- 
yard will  be  balanced  bj  tlie  oo«t  of 
seeds  of  hemp  and  Dom  sown  annnallf, 
making  all  thiii|^  e^ual  in  that  respect* 
The  tillage  of  the  viney^i^'V  '->"^  tuudng 
wine,  is  not  so  laboiioi;  r  ao  ex* 

pensive  per  acre,  as  ib^j  ,_  ud  lalior 
of  seeuiing  the  urodocts  of  jwi  aero  of 
corn  or  hemp.  If  we  oould  ^ct  nnji  dol* 
lar  per  gallon  for  wine  wh.  for 

rnarkot,  or  fifty  cents  per  ^m 

the  press,  what  a  sotirc©  ot  wcsilUi  it 
would  be  I  Set  it  down  at  hulf  thoM 
iigures,  and  ttie  gold  miuos  of  Calif omla 
would  be  poor  in  comparisotL  Only  to 
think  that  !' "  in  vlnoyord,  t!jo 

prod  u  eta  at  tl  i  >.  r  galloti^  am  ounU 

to  $20,000  ptr.  : am!     A  * *•  ^ ="* 

jive  acres  J  which  he  could  f 

g^lf;     y^^^^rhl      1m, a       H.^.r 

than  a   ;  '.^ 


ot  1M  turn  fWim  th^m  pleuitng  proe^ 
far  HcDttiek)',  ttnd   li>ok  nt  tH# 
Komaal  InootiM  tTaij€«?  dt*ri  vos  from  the 

;  .>f 


I 


It  b  ifn|}Q8»f '  .Uii  value  of 

tliiMiwlii«i«)^  ]t9fi!itl4^  and 

prio^*  ti>«  riuui^e  of  a  lav  m 

fonw  dktricUf  wi  \  \  cotn  mMi ;  <  :  rul 

tH;  '      ^'  '    ■' 

il4tnfcbl«  lotol   ^1  ,  '    J.     One 

Inilkdrtt)  iinfl    t!k>  Tnitlit^ns,  six 

thotawkni:    .    ..     ;      And   ihm 
i  Wiii«  ftt  five  eents  n  bottle !     A  surr 
tlitli  iiifficient  to  paj  od"  6ur  i^a* 
I  Mk«  or  pnr^haa©  Cuba,  *>r  bif  ft 
of  South   Ameriftji,  pe'^a|>» 
k  to  indtjde  iIm  Aniftsron ;  «nd  qU 
loir1*  v*«^r     H«r«,  In  «  «o»^try  of 
'   ©mbrii^Jn^  jvery  cli- 
!.*s  and  pl^us    ravom- 

vforMtiMid 
to;  W9|pro- 

<  rbr^*Pgreit 

f  ^>f  nutioiui]  wtttltli  %v^r 

f*h  of  *n*n» 

nitber  fact.     Wolmvo 
:  nnrt\  rejpoft,  tbjit  lK» 

'HibStJit«of  Obifi^ 
cif  wini*   to   tba 


tn 


lb 


t 


'i  iv,"}    in 


till 


—  id  litjd  ftfly- 

Htjt  ft»  wc  nd- 

Htiiio!!,  we  fibd 

in  irrowtb  ibmii 

T!iP  fumouB 

pff!^  of 

^  .Ik  of 


I  in  \r  <•  ►  .1 


br 


pfo<]iioe  from  it  At  fottf  toru*  of  grmpm 
\t^r  vumm,  I«i  pri>r! ■**=■-'!  the 
American  viriea  wili  ecu  tbrji 

of  France;    ami  a*  fo  ^..^    i ::y  tnd 

Talni*  fjf  rfje  wine,  let  hhn  i«y,  wbtj  hog 
tftnted  our  ciMiimt>u  ctMititrv  wine  and  tbo 
OOfnniofi  eoufjtry  wrino  of  Frflinc^i  which 
b  ttw  b^st.  wi  ba»'«  vcTituri^d  to  plamj 
out  witiea  in  wrnpaH»on,  n^>t  with  ibo 
*'  Vin  du  |Mt^f/*  bwt  with  the  moiit  fa- 
mous vintiig«M  jf  Europe,  mad  even  tbnn 
til*  vcfilict  l*i«*  Mstilt^Kl  n%uaUj  jn  far  or 
of  iljt*  AnK''i<'^i  wine.  8i>  ihatin  ^^naiH 
tir.T  and  iOiiHtv  we  may  venture  to  vi« 
',  F^inc'e  at  !<Hi3t,  altitongli  thcjtyni#- 
i«'  iho  act  i(^  niniost  t<qiml  to  that 
vviiiiu  f>oc*^  promidcui  n.'»  t£>  crnsji  bayo* 
ne'*  With  tb©  veterans  tjf  King  George 
|J0  T1.M  tT   nf  uioun  metfjory. 

K<  the  wrodiiedon  of  wln«  li 

tbU  ^..  ,  Iki  Tntuahle,     The  i^edd  of 

KTflpea  nro  ctttea  bj  birds ;  jiijd  a  fine 
tiii«tl  oil,  tjmllar  to  oUre  oi1«  itt  mad* 
from  them  lu  Parnui,  Lomlmrdy,  and 
otbcr  paru  of  Itjily^  stijuiblo  eitfier  fur 
ctx4In|^  or  bunimg  m  lamp*.  The  out- 
tin  ten  of  the  f  iQ«d  ar^  alwiiyi^  iialabU  td 
pri>pi^t«  n«w  viii«rArde ;  the  1«tf  «•  am 
be  tm«d  to  Ibed  eAttl«,  and  tb^j  are  fond 
of  them.  The  finest  prxnt^r*a  ink  li  mnd^ 
from  ibt'  curbfm  of  tljo  nharrpd  atttlki  of 
old  VI"'  ^-d  from  the  k*e*»  of  wine 
w-e  I'.  f  tartiir^  wtiich  uo  family 

si  Ml!  ,3ut.    And  then  theraisiJii! 

r  bii  from  tb©  enormoiii  crop 
ri  m\^*.'*\  KiiTMinUy  in  OQf  SUt«i^ 
or  trorn  ^omei  ^i'  tfrti  roaaoft,  wo 

import  more  rst  till  the  rmt  of 

tlwj  world  put  tog«t^*?f  I  Thri^  timea  M 
ififi&y  aa  EngUndf  aevx^n  and  a  half  tlioea 
ai  many  m  Franoo,  thirt^^n  timm  •! 
tniiny   lu  Gonuany,   fourt^^n   Umaa  At 

,  and  two 

inirMJre^i  lirm    ntiv  nnir-^    iv   luiiUy  Aa   bia 

m^^Tty  the  Qmr^  To  tJie  rising  g^oerar 
tion^  or  citiKens  in  tb^  pod,  thla  la 
of  more  ooQiM>qn<^nca  Uinn  all  the  reat, 
Wemigbt  rvfor  t47  tba  ^iiArflJ  and  acti^ 
vUj  tt^t  would  be  givAti  k»  eertatQ  m«- 
t li luJnit  !riii!«  b V  thn  new  rli-mi'Ttt  In 


508 


American  Wine$, 


[Nor. 


for  barrels,  and  hoop-poles  for  hoops. 
Osiers  will  have  to  be  grown  for  baskets, 
and  a  thousand  new  wants  arise  to  em- 
ploy tbonsands  of  hatids.  So  inuc)-.  for 
the  vine  as  a  soarce  of  Xi<itural  prosper- 
ity. 

"it  may  be  as  well  to  refer  here  to  an- 
otlier  fact  in  political  economy.  In  non- 
vine-growing  countries,  where  the  nse 
of  wine  is  interdicted  by  extravagant 
duties,  the  consumption  of  spirits  in- 
creases in  an  alarming  degiee.  England, 
with  a  population  of  24,0W),000,  con- 
sumes 28,000,000  gallons  of  spirits  (ex- 
clusive of  porter,  ale  and  beei\  while 
France,  with  a  population  of  83,0%o,000, 
consumes  but  16,000,000  of  her  own 
brandies,  and  of  these  a  large  proportion 
is  used  in  manufactures,  in  fortifyiti^ 
wines  for  shipment,  and  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  fruits  and  confections,  made  only 
in  her  own  territories.  We  have  seen 
that  the  manufacture  of  whisky,  spirits, 
and  ale,  for  home  consumption  in  the 
United  States,  amounts  to  86,000,000  of 
gallons.  This  is  exclimte  of  exports! 
A  j)retty  formidable  nut  to  be  cracked 
by  the  Carson  League,  or  any  other. 
Our  extravagant  duties  on  wines  here- 
tofore, have  done  more  to  encourage  in- 
temperance than  the  most  cunning  de- 
ncetliat  could  be  invented  by  theFather 
of  Mi^cliief.  In  regard  to  the  high  du- 
ties of  England,  Redding  says : 

"The  enormity  of  the  duty  is  the 
cause  of  tlie  diminished  consumption  of 


wine.  A  gallon  of  foreign  brandy  will 
be  diluted  in  drinking  with  throe  gallons 
of  water,  in  all  four  gallon?,  paying  16«. 
di.ty,  r,orth,  wit!i  thf  oosi  of  t?.e  article^ 
about  20s.  Foui-  gall^ms  oi  wiue  pay  288. 
Cd.  duty,  worth,  at  prime  cost,  from  8s.  8d. 
to  20fl.  the  gallon,  as  the  case  may  be. 
Now  the  wine  of  the  highest  price  will 
not  contain  more  than  ten  or  twelve  per 
cent,  of  brandy,  nor  any  wine  of  more 
than  sixteen  or  seventeen.  The  atimii* 
lant  powers  of  the  spirit  and  water  are, 
tlierefore,  much  greater,  at  a  rate  vastlj 
cheaper,  even  with  the  enormons  dnty  on 
foreign  brandy.  How  much  more  is  this 
the  case  with  whisky  and  home-made 
spirit,  at  half  the  duty  of  the  foreign? 
An  ad  valorem  duty  on  wine  is  not  pos- 
sible in  practice,  therefore  the  aoty 
should  be  reduced  one-half  at  least.  We 
profess  a  high  regard  for  public  morak, 
we  talk  about  improving  the  drcom- 
snnces  of  the  people;  yet  in  typhus, 
wh ch  ravages  England  so  fearfnlly,  wine, 
the  i^ain  remedy,  is  shut  ont  from  the 
poor,  vhile  its  liberal  administration  ii 
necessaiY.  So  with  the  fevers  of  our 
marsliy  d^tricts;  wine  and  bark  are  the 
sole  depena^Bce,  yet  the  last  is  forbidden 
by  the  price,  vhich  is  a  positive  cruelty. 
The  people  are  encouraged  to  drink  ar- 
dent spirit  in  couequence — ^but  then  the 
revenue  profits  ? 

The  consumption  «f  wine  in  England 
for  ihe  undermentioned  years  waa  in  pro- 
portion to  the  population : 


Tear.  Population.  Gallons. 

1700  0,47S,000  5,929;)04  French,  Spanish,  Portugnese,  and  German  onlj. 

1750  6,467,000  8,8M.919  Ditto.    Duties  being  raised. 

1801  8,879,960  7,006,810  Of  aU  kinds.    Imperial  GaUoni. 

1811  1,068,676  5,860,874  Ditto.                     Ditto. 

1891  11,978,875  ^,016,569  Ditto.                      Ditto. 

1888  18,889,675  6,886,687  Ditto.                     Ditto. 

1841  15,911,725  6,1S4,960  Ditto.                     Ditto. 

1851  17,922,768  6,448,517  Ditta.                     Ditto. 


Scotland  for  three  periods : 


Tear. 
1801  . 
1811  . 
1821  . 


Popniatlon.  OaHoiif. 

..  I,5i9,066 817,818 

..  1.805.688 840,947 

..  9,098,456 890,000 


The  duty  in  1801  was  £1,922,987,  and 
in  1821,  £1,797,491,  with  an  increase  of 

rulation  in  the  latter  year  of  2,299,696. 
1841  the  duty  was  only  £1,800,127. 
E  is  clear  the  people  of  England  drank 
in  1700  three  times  as  much  wine  in  pro- 
portion as  they  do  now.  The  natural 
conseq^uence  has  been  the  increased  con- 
sumpUen  of  spirits.  From  1780  to  1880, 
the  consumption  of  British  made  spirits 


increased  from  878,840  gallons  to  7,783,- 
101,  keepinff  pace  with  the  increase  of 
crime ;  as  if  not  only  the  temperature  of 
the  atmosphere,  but  the  amount  of  mi- 
sery, poverty,  and  crime,  were  to  be 
guagea  by  alcohol.  Ireland,  in  1821, 
paid  duty  only  on  2,649,170  im|>erial 
gallons  of  home  made  spirits,  but  in  1828 
on  no  less  than  9,004^689  imperial  gal- 
lons.   In  1849  the  amount  was  reduoed 


IMIO 


i7«4,  a  .1  2flajW§  onmraon 

"nlloo^  of   apidL,    in   ISSB,    5,e§8,55d. 
Thii*  th*'rt*  wi^iH?  riiftilf  in  En^lfttid,  in  tiie 

hd,  0,&36,003; 

r  -'>.     isv  i«ital  being  2S,- 

:ii  Jt  i»,  lhert?f*»re,  fl  f*ct, 

'  ...  *>f  dt»  ftmimalv  it  rnny  np~ 

itii?brk'ty  in  tbn  countrj  bas 
vnli   the  dimimitmu  of    the 
m,  j^nd  Tnorals  M  weli  na 
i     .  itiofod  by  the  mm&  de- 

crease^ and  tht>  augmeotad  use  of  ftrdent 

Etpf^rt«n0e  la,  or  shodd  be,  &  lump  to 
tb»  fi^t  of  iCatoimeQf  And  the  statement 
fctid^  bj  tbii  KsetfinfiUflbftd  writer^  that 

i  rhui  to  the    population,  ihre* 

ich  wine  was  dr&nk  in  Eng- 
^tind  tj)u  jeajn  ngo  u  now^  abotild  not  be 
dkrvftrdetL  FUae  wine  within  the 
fttndi  uf  all  ^amm^  &nd  King  Alccibol 
will  bav*?  to  bundle  oi*  with  the  Fool 
AT»d  Mft^^  Torn. 

Ir  :hrn,  >  u  yir,  I  anting  In  tern  peraQoe  with 
|riiij,criii.  - .  iMriinir  oew  *ml  pmHyiblis 
fiuiDn  ,H^  III  .-at,  bath  to  fftruiisr 

aim!   mutI.  .  .  li'iiseii.  rerenuefi,  d*- 

C r 1 1\^  tl  I  3 4 r. I r  1  ^ ,  tmi io lull  pfOttpeff (JT,  iod 
rikti,»n2\l  t].i|j^^incr*s,  bi^  objects  worth  J  of 
liar  wanuc!^t  desirei}^  en^lj"  the  em^Jeot 
of  tht»  artJol<«  td  entitled  to  our  pro- 
fit n  iU^t  ci  mM <1  erati on* 

Lf^t  ii«  ionk  &t  tlie  pn^ent  oonditJoD 
<if  th«  vine  in  tbe  Old  World.  It  ie  altsost 
iinniM!4»-iary  to  say  tbut  there  ti  not  ftn 
fndip^ouft  |:rfip<;  in  Eiirojjt>.  The  B!4>ck 
It  ttf  Aj^tio  origin,  and  both  lit'^l4Jry  ftud 
ISiIiIp  t,t.if^  Jt.  i^nrihuflng  it  to  the  Orient, 
Ditf  J  4  iritfoi bleed  Ua   onltore 

•an  f'  (if   the   Arebipel«gt>    in 

i  V ;  biiiiy  in  luly  ftnd  in 

if   MaM^lta  (MflrteiUeeV 
.'{tH\  nvt^T  the  wiioto  BfoauM 
.  \hii  Johnny  Ompefltii,  la 
,i  SoUm  *rid  Sii[>pbo,  hid  their 
i   olirenr    m\t\  probftbly  drank 
til   i4  ^tf^buehadnojuuif  whco 
d  ii»rHJ«il«»i,  Jano  9th,  687 

Th*  09X1  impurt/inr  «v^nt  oonnect*d 

'tiC«  history  wtbi  tkie  fucxsiHNon  of 

i]fl«ii«  the  *»cniel   ind   ripeoSotm,** 

-1  r«^l  it«  pxtirpaiioti  a«  well  sh 

►Ation    of  Climriatiity.    Twii 

i*ur-     riftt-r     lb©     *' wi»o     fttid 

to  Gullia  Atit]< 
**  Thtffofiiein* 


b ranee  of  that  culture^  and  of  %h^  grtet 
nd vantage  procured  by  it,  wa^  not  yel 
all  (Tony  frofti  tb**  memopy  of  nien  ;  tm- 
dition  had  kept  ev«^n  the  detttiU  inofi 
neoc&sary  in  the  ftrt  of  vine-dri***iHij* 
The  vhn?s,  brought  agnin  Ihim  Hlctly^ 
Greece,  the  ArclM|ieliifem,  and  AfHca, 
bceaine  ttie  origirt  t>f  tliose  ionnuir-rable 
speeieti  of  grapp«  thai  now  cor^jp  Franc <i. 
It  wae  a  cliarming  and  grand  ^pect^vale^ 
to  8«  crowd*  of  men,  woniijn  and  eUil- 
drert^  sponUmeoasly  and  eagerly  d^rodtig 
tbem4i?lveji  with  enthtisitk^m  to  tb^tt 
grand  and  t<ubHrue  restoratiun  of  liberty 
— ^ti>  rijplant  vine)  ard^^.  Etfeotu%lly,  all 
Gonld  take  part  m  it— for  tbe  culm  re  of 
grape  vlnea  has  that  peculiar  to  itself 
that  in  details  It  offers  ooeuptition  tu  mil 
tbe  atreagth  of  both  iejcea  of  all  age*,*** 

To  Helicon^  a  Ulaokflniith  of  Udveciat 
is  ascribed  tbe  honor  of  lirst  lotrudiiclug 
the  vine  in  Switzerland.  This  wa4  In 
the  d ay s  of  J uli oa  Caesar,  The  si i  ps*  caiiw 
fhjtn  ItAly*  Germany  gtVM  tlie  pater- 
nity of  the  Ebtne  grape  to  tlio  Asiatte 
Bal'clius,  Bimn  and  Portugal  futnish 
no  bints iry  of  the  introduction  of  the 
Tine  in  Urcir  prolifio  tcrrttorite^  but  the 
cttriliit  mention  of  tbe  wrueM  of  Hispania 
and  Lusitania  doee  not  anUnlate  tbe 
Ohrlftttan  «ra.  Martial,  bim^elf  a  natli^ 
of  Bibtlift,  on  the  Spanish  liver  Ihena, 
praises  the  wines  of  Tarragona  (£p* 
XII L)  and  so  doee  Siliua  Italicos^  S^ima 
etyTiiolt»gista  have  even  ventured  U> 
aai^rt  that  Xeres'  is  but  a  oorrupiion  id 
the  tuune  of  tlxe  place  in  Pt>n^i»  from 
wbenoeallthe  vinos  in  EurojMd  aiv  de- 
rir#d— ^*  Shi  rat."  At  all  event*  ibi^re  m 
^ot  an  Indigenotsa  grape  in  Etin>i>t%  Tbe 
vines  have  heen  pro^sagated  by  catting 
and  Uyern,  y<aar  afler  year,  century  alUr 
oentury.  The  '"'malt^W^  (eutUiigs)  or 
^m^tfi*^  (layers)  aUbrded  the  meant  hj 
which  tbe  Kornau  husbandmen  of  tlia 
AuguitaQ  age  plinti>'d  new  vltmariW: 
precisely  tbe  modern  m<3ttiod  of  culiarBi, 
If  we  could  re[»lace  the  pieces  on  ibe 
parent  vines,  we  mi;^lit  have  a  diroDO- 
iogif'al  plant,  mnning  thrimgh  maqf 
thousand!  of  years  ba^ik  to  it«  wild  ift- 
eeator  on  th^  '    il^  of  Fi^rdiitaii. 

DiKiereDCi'  tud  i-limate  «&0t 

Important  alK^hN^wn^  in  (he  grape,  ftt 
dodbtlefw  tlure  were  many  d'tfureiii 
•itiecie*  among  ttie  wSId  vines  of  Penla. 
Thii-i,  in  the  vaHety  (i(  wines  we  »ttU  die* 
iHAer  a  famiU  LUiuhh  in  tfia  Johannee* 
bcrg**r  of  til  '<e  AmontiUaio  ui 

Sprim,  and   i  'i  of  Madeira:  e^ 


^d 


>iO 


American  Winet, 


[Nor. 


sentially  different  in  flavor,  yet  alike  in 
the  peculiar  properties  of  dryness,  deli- 
cacy and  superior  value  over  all  other 
Avines  of  tlieir  respective  countries.  So, 
too,  we  may  trace  tlie  Burgundy  grape 
in  the  Collares  (of  the  little  ffarish  of  that 
Doine,  near  Cintra,  in  Portugal),  the  Tinto 
<if  Madeira,  and  the  Assmannshftuser  of 
the  Rhine;  while  the  Muscadine  furnishes 
examples  in  the  Mnlvasia,  or  Malmsey 
of  Madeira,  tlio  Malvasia  of  Italy,  the 
swoet  wines  of  Malaga,  and  the  Con- 
stantia  of  the  Ca|)e  of  Good  Hope.  That 
these  varieties  sprang  from  stocks  of 
ililltrent  species  among  the  wild  grapes, 
is  not  unreasonable.  Our  native  vines 
ailbrd  a  wonderful  assortment  of  flavors, 
ivoxxi  the  excessively  sweet  Muscadines  of 
(reorgia,  to  the  dryest  of  all  wines,  ^'  the 
Uerhemont,"  of  North  Carolina. 

"Let  ns  look  at  the  present  condition 
of  the  vine  ic  Europe,**  we  have  said ; 
and  the  reader,  by  this  time,  naturally 
inquires  what  all  this  has  to  do  with  it. 
Very  much,  good  reader,  lend  ns  still  a 
little  patience,  and  we  will  get  along 
bravely. 

A  few  years  ago  there  appeared  a  dis- 
rase  among  the  vines  of  Madeira,  which, 
up  to  the  present  time,  has  not  cea.'^d ; 
and  so  extensive  have  been  its  ravages  that 
entire  districts  have  been  completely 
stripped,  not  only  of  the  grapes,  but  of 
the  vines  themselvet*.  The  disease  first 
manifests  itself  upon  the  berries  and 
leaves,  then  extends  to 'the  branches,  and 
finally  attacks  the  body  of  the  vine  itself, 
which  speedily  dies.  Singularly  enough, 
the  disease  was  first  ob^rved  in  the 
grapery  of  an  English  gentleman,  Mr. 
T'uckor,  from  whom  it  is  named  the 
''^(Hdium  TudofiJ*^  Simnltaneousily,  the 
vines  on  the  Duoro  were  affected ;  the 
grapes  of  Medoc;  on  the  Charente 
(whence  we  get  our  fine  Cognacs);  in 
the  south  of  Spain ;  in  Italy,  and,  in  fact, 
more  or  less  throughout  the  wine  coun- 
tries of  the  Old  World.  The  more  hardy 
vines  of  the  north,  in  Burgundy,  on  the 
I^ine,  and  in  the  Champagne  district, 
appear  less  susceptible  of  its  effects ;  but 
there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  famous 
wines  of  the  south,  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years,  will  be  no  more.  In  Madeira,  the 
grape-vines  are  rooted  up  and  cast  out 
from  the  most  celebrated  vineyards ;  the 
old  established  wine-houses  are  winding 


up  their  affairs  as  speedily  as  possible ; 
commerce  has  ceased  almost  entirely; 
and  this  once  famous  island  presents  as 
cheerless  an  aspect  as  tlie  shop  of  a  bank- 
rupt, with  its  empty  shelves,  its  dusty 
desk,  its  old,  mouldy  ledgers,  and  the  dis- 
colored space  where  once  the  sign  stood, 
in  all  its  gilded  glory.  Not  less  fatal  ban 
been  its  appearance  in  Portugal;  the 
"Old  Port"  which  Englishmen  were 
wont  to  praise,  is  no  hmger  yielded  by 
the  generous  grape  of  the  Douro.  In 
Italy,  the  Orvieto  and  the  Mcmte  Fias- 
cone  will  soon  be  historical  wines  only — 
wines  of  traditional  excellence,  like  the 
famous  Chian  and  Falernian,  of  Horation 
memory ;  and  France,  proud  France,  has 
yet  to  see  her  dreariest  days.  ''Not 
a  working-man  in  France  is  now  able  to 
have  his  customary  bottle  of  wine,*^  is  the 
information  conveyed  in  a  letter  from 
a  gentleman  whose  extensive  information 
in  regard  to  ■  the  wines  of  his  native 
countnr  may  not  be  disputed.*  If,  tlien, 
we  call  to  mind  that  all  the  wines  of  En- 
rdpe  are  of  one  stock,  derived,  mainly, 
from  the  wild  grape  of  Perua,  that  these 
have  been  propagated  by  one  method 
only,  layers  or  cnttings,  tlirongh  many 
centuries, — that  this  is  opposed  to  the 
method  by  which  nature  reproduces  its 
kinds,  and  that  one  common,  fatal  disor- 
der has  attacked  these  vines  at  the 
same  time  —  a  disorder  whose  end  ia 
certain  extermination,  we  must  incline 
to  the  belief  that  some  general  cause 
must  have  produced  so  general  an  eflTect. 
It  cannot  be  in  the  climate,  for  climates 
vary ;  it  cannot  be  in  the  soil,  for  soils 
vary ;  it  caimot  be  in  the  culture,  for  cul- 
tures vary ;  nor  can  it  be  in  the  species, 
for  species  vary.  What  if  it  be  in  ths 
method  of  propagation  f  What,  if  cut- 
ting after  cutting,  have,  at  last,  exhausted 
the  reproductive  powers  of  nature,  even 
in  the  vine,  the  most  hardy  of  her  cliil- 
dren?  This  is  not  unworthy  of  con- 
sideration. The  potato,  subjected  to  the 
same  treatment,  yields  up  its  Irish  ghost 
in  less  than  three  centuries;  and  why  not 
the  vine,  in  more  than  twenty  f  Europe 
may  have  to  return  to  the  wild  grapes 
of  Ferdistan  for  her  future  vineyards,  or 
she  may  supplant  her  Chateau  Marganz 
and  Seroials,  with  the  Catawbas  and 
Scuppemongs  of  America.! 
The  average  produce  of  the  vineyards 


*  M.  O.  r.  GnesU^re,  of  BordMnz,  Peer  of  France,  bat  better  knovn  m  a  member  of  the  boue  of  Buten 
tj^ad  Giutlire,  oimen  of  the  eitatet  of  Langoa,  Lcornie«  BejcheTelle,  and  BaialUey. 

'  t  Very  manj  American  vinet  hare  already  been  planted  Is  Madeira.  They,  alio,  ara  nlb^td  to  tkt 
*'  Oldlam,'*  we  nnderaund ;  probaUj  from  eympathy.  The  "  Isabella,"  appears  In  the  eatalogiii  of  gispn^ 
of  If  etsn.  Andlbert  Fr^rec ,  Tonelle,  Department  of  Bouchet  du  Ehone,  France. 


Ifflimmn   Wimtf, 


if  Ibfl  o)d  worlds  )'  hna  hi*en 

«ttr  twa  th&Baftnd  im  julUinn  nf 

wftM  antiiEaUjr,  atiiimouui 

tJM    UniitM    of    (lnii«    c 

Wliltber  litis  nitf  hty  r» ve  ■  u !«.-  \m  n  n  r ]  n  ^ 

M  ibe  oriental  %1a«  bows  k^raiie  tiro^*, 

Bif«,  wli«r«  t^i»  toU  iiwl  oiiauiie  mili#  td 
prodM  Uat  Urfeit  yields  and  th«  ^[kul* 
aoaoo*  growth  of  tb«  gimpe  \b  with  on  t « 
|W«Ofli,  here  Kdefnt  to  ojiqel  a  golden 
fijDiioftitittt}^.    Wli»t  if  wo  negloct  It  I 

Tb*  eftriiecit  diftcoverer*  of  Airiisrica, 
Ciii  Nortiituet^  lAoded  at  the  bknd 
wbii^  now  Newp<irt  siiiodis  and  chria- 
Uiied  Uio  Ji«w  world  *^  VmdaQd.^* 
"^1  aat  not  ftitrprit^  that  the  Noftli- 
mta  thoeid  have  cnlM  this  'Vin^ 
Ind,^^  snjs  fto  old  gontknum  of  our 
jcmnaifctiiaae,  who  wai  bom  ind  bred  at 
Iffwport ;  **  I  enn  rti9i&ab«r,  when  a 
ib^,  fO^ng  the  w^d  gmpea  crowing  ^1 
«M^r  tbo  bankj,  down  to  tW  wntt^r'ti 

flif  Jcilm  UAwkloM,  who  wiu  knighted 
Igr  £ittb«th,  (t^  bit  «erTioi«  b  the 
iial#is  Willi  the  Spttnlih  ArtuAdii,  atill 
bitter  known  a&  ttie  EnghihuiAU  who 
tniroiliioHl  iho  nJivQ-Lridi*,  iqi«iikfl  of 
liriiilUjiif  s  wluo  frora  American  gripii 
Ifl  FkirfdA,  in  tbo  ^itAr  1504*--iri«mOfft^ 
Ma  in  tbo  birtli^jear  of  Shftkcc^eva. 
*^ism4ofnm^n  mky%,  wriiing  tlie  histoij 
«f  Iia«  txtya^  to  t^ltiridii  irj  156 j^  th»t  the 
treiM  wer«  environed  about  with  vmc« 
bawA^g  S^spva.  «o  that  tha  onmber  would 
ajflifli  to  »««»  tfaa  piioo  habitablo.^* 
Maator  Bal* t^  ^^^^v  fn  16S5f  ootinnendt 
Illi»  ffUpaa  '  ^  — *  *  uni|ie»  of  hh  cho 

grMtoaaao,  ,  -  ,  *s  Frimcr,  S|wime, 

ftor  Iialie  ham  no  i^rciitcr^*  ViJii^yHrd^ 
fi^ra  ffrtabjiibrd  la  Virgin^fi  asi^nrly  an 
litO.  il«auohain|t  PlAutagvoet^  in  IH8, 
«o<aiiifQdi  tha  wine  of  Delawiir«  (Uve- 
dala)  Air  hn  lotoxieafcitii  qn&litiaa.  '^A 


no  1  ' U t ,' *  he  qumn I \y  says,  * ^  four 

m  1  AT  i  1 1  /oxe  t  a  r&asoc  abl  i^  puto, " 

WUhiim  I'^^rin,  iti  16SB,  and  Andrew 
Dort?,  til  ia85,  aUeniptCKi  to  eatAhlisU 
viiiey arde  neiir  PJiiLaddphiu ;  Kmkaikifh 
on  tkie  MiftiiiMflifjpt,  stiLt  oarllor,  had  !t^ 
vint Tarda  phuited  bj  the  Jesuits ;  Fan 
Do  QuaanOf  aow  Pittsburgh^  prodoood 
ita  VLuea  and  wlne^  under  the  Fri-nph, 
prior  to  xhii  yivir  1758.  Vidnef^  whd 
Tisit«d  Anicncaia  tlio  jear  lTUG/i«pi*akft 
of  drinking  an  Aiocncan  wine  at  OalK- 
poUa,  Oliio ;  DuJWr,  in  170S,  $;K?ak4  of  a 
French  man  at  Mari^iitta^  on  tbe  Ohio, 
who  waa  making  aoveraJ  bairek  a  j-ear 
out  of  the  wild  grapo^^  known  hy  tha 
nanio  of  sand  grapes.  **  1  drank  aoma 
of  tJie  wine  when  abottt  four  month i  old, 
and  foutid  it  like  the  wine  produo^d  in 
the  vicinity  of  Paria,  in  France,  if  not 
better/^  In  the  hfiEginning  of  the  praaent 
c«ntnrj,  the  vinejards  at  Spcing  MIU^ 
near  PbiladelphlB^  and  the  Stwias  aaltl^ 
ment  at  V«fvay,  Indiana  (i^  ISOdX  ^^^ 
«atabtishod.  At  Hpring  kill,  a  variety 
of  foroign  grafiea  wcro  tried  and  aban- 
doned, btit  a  notiTo  Yina,  ^^  Tha  Bobiijl* 
kil)/^  an  abundant  bearer,  anooaadod  w«ll 
an  a  wtna^rajie.  Thlii,  under  the  nama 
of  "  the  Oap^  grajit*/*  wa*  Iranard&ntad 
to  Vevny^  In.^  where  it  flonrlabea  tnany 
years.  It  prt>diioe»  a  ocmrae^  red  wine, 
of  toterubfo  quality  onLy,  not  to  com* 
pare  witb  the  wine  of  the  Catawba  and 
Liab«]la.  Theae  two  rlnisn^  heraoftor, 
may  forni  the  great  axteriaL  braiiobJai 
throngh  whioh  the  fhtura  ppoaperitr  ^f  the 
Northern  Statea  aboil  low.  In  the  naxt 
number  of  the  Ifontblyf  we  ahall  purana 
the  anhioct  Meao while,  reader,  think 
of  it.  Think  of  the  ofleela  of  thit  terrible 
oliiinm  In  Ktifopa)  Thimk  of  rbe  thirsty 
wortd,  nnnua  tan  thooaand  uiiilioQi 
bottlett  of  wine,  and  Amartea  the  oi]y 
country  able  to  ttipply  It  1 


'  ft«lMlSf . 


k"  lel^xlul*. 


(fo  bt  vmVifiMA,} 


612 


[Not. 


THB    STORY    OF    AN    OPERA    SINGER, 
[rrom  th«  trench  of  8ca4o.] 


ON  a  beautiful  day  in  the  month  of 
August,  1826,  a  young  roan  passed 
with  a  dreamy  air  and  a  smile  of  perfect 
happiness,  through  a  street  of  the  peace- 
able faubourg  Saint  Grermain.  A  little 
girl,  abont  twelve  years  old,  paddling  in 
Uie  dirty  water  which  ran  along  the 
gutter,  sang  tins  popular  refrain: 

**  A  U  barrMre  dn  Maine, 
On  mange  de  bom  goi^ont— bon  1  ** 

and  in  letting  out  this  last  syllable,  she 
sounded  a  glorious  soprano  /a,  which 
startled  the  practised  ear  of  the  passen- 
ger. The  young  man  stopped,  looked  at 
the  little  girl,  and  said,  "  So  you  love  to 
sing,  my  pretty  child?"  "Yes,  some- 
times, sir."  '*  And  you  are  right ;  for 
you  have  a  beautiful  voice."  "You 
tliink  so?"  answered  the  girl,  bridling 
prettily.  "  Do  you  understand  music  ?" 
"  No,  sir."  "  Would  you  like  to  learn  ?" 
"  Yes ;  but  I  am  not  rich,  as  you  see." 
"There  are  schools  where  they  teach 
for  nothing ;  and  if  you  wish  " —  "  Ah  I 
I  do  wish,  indeed."  "  Do  you  live  far 
from  here?"  "Two  steps."  "Then 
lead  me  there." 

The  young  man  followed  the  little 
girl,  who  gambolled  before  him,  and 
they  arrived  thus  in  a  gloomy  corridor 
leading  to  a  room,  the  misery  and  squa- 
lor of  which  I  will  refrain  from  describ- 
ing. The  mother  was  at  work  in  a 
corner.  The  young  man  saluted  her 
respectfully,  and  learned  from  her  that, 
not  counting  the  girl  whom  he  had  en- 
countered in  the  street,  she  had  four 
children,  of  whom  she  wa6  the  sole  sup- 
port. He  cojisulted  this  poor  mother 
upon  the  precocious  talent  for  music  ex- 
hibited by  her  daughter.  But  to,  all  his 
questions  the  mother  constantly  replied, 
"You  see,  sir,  that  I  am  too  poor  to 
give  my  daughter  the  instruction  neces- 
sary ;"  so  that,  finally,  the  stranger  said 
to  her,  that  if  she  would  consent  to 
abandon  a  part  of  her  authority  over  the 
child,  ho  would  undertake  to  obtain  ad- 
mission for  her  in  a  vocal  school.  "  I 
can  but  bless  you  a  thousand  times." 
The  stranger  and  the  girl,  who  laughed 
in  merry  peals,  went  away  together. 

Among  the  secondary  institutions 
which  owed  their  existence  to  the  muni- 
fieenoe  of  the  Restoration,  one  of  the 
most  remarkable,  without  a  doubt,  was 


the  school  of  classic  music  founded  by 
Alexander  Ohoron.  Called  into  being 
in  1816,  it  disappeared  in  18S0  with  the 
goyernment  which  had  created  it  In 
spite  of  its  short  existence,  it  had  an  im- 
pK)rtant  influence  upon  the  musical  move- 
ment of  that  epoch ;  and,  hereafter,  I 
will  tell  all  that  it  has  done  for  tlie  pro- 
pagation of  the  true  principles  of  the  art 
At  the  time  when  this  story  commences, 
Ghoron  was  fifty  years  old.  He  was  a 
rotund  little  fellow,  almost  entirely  bald, 
with  a  wrinkled  face,  fine  and  delicate 
features,  aud  a  lively,  smiling  counte- 
nance, which  expressed  a  rare  beneyo- 
lence.  His  littie  eyes  were  fiill  of  life, 
spirit,  and  mischief.  He  did  not  walk, 
he  ran,  he  skipped,  singing,  whistiing, 
now  stopping  short  to  reflect,  now  r^ 
suming  his  course,  and  not  reaching  his 
destination  without  ten  or  a  dozen  snch 
stoppages.  All  his  movements  were  ab- 
rupt. He  spoke  rapidly,  ofUai  slapping 
his  forehead,  as  if  to  Jerk  out  more  rapidly 
the  idea  which  he  wished  to  utter.  He 
was  a  man  of  great  talent,  variously  and 
profoundly  learned. 

He  studied  at  the  Polytechnic  School 
at  the  time  of  its  foundation,  and  distin- 
guished himself;  but,  carried  away  by  an 
irresistible  love  of  music,  he  abandoned 
the  career  for  which  he  was  destined,  to 
the  great  dissatisfiiction  of  his  &mi]y. 
He  studied  music  at  a  late  day ;  for  he 
was  at  least  twenty-five  years  old  when 
he  placed  himself  under  the  learned  in- 
structions of  the  Abb6  Roze.  So,  al- 
though Choron  was  one  of  the  first 
theorists  of  Europe,  he  never  completely 
controlled  the  mechanism  of  composition. 
The  silence  of  his  study  and  muon  r^ec- 
tion  were  necessary  for  his  comprehen- 
sion of  the  simplest  harmonic  combina- 
tions ;  and  even  l^ose  he  handled  with 
timidity.  But  that  which  distinguished 
him  and  made  him  stand  alone,  was  an 
exquisite  sensibility,  a  profound  feeling 
for  the  tone,  erudition  of  a  high  vrder, 
an  uncommon  knowledge  of  the  history 
of  the  art,  and,  above  all,  a  perception, 
the  far-seeing  penetration  of  which  was 
truly  prophetic.  Duprez  had  yet  at- 
tained but  fourteen  years  and  the  feeble 
voice  of  childhood,  when  Choron  said  to 
him,  "Mind  me,  you  will  be  the  first 
singer  of  your  day." 

Both  from  his  constitutional  oraanii- 
ation  and  his  musical  studies,  Choron 


1«M-] 


Th$  Stofy  of  an  Opem  Sin^. 


51S 


hid  iii  fllitiost  6xcln£iv«  Admiration  for 
tl>dold  ItttJbf]  W3hiM)1, — the  i^rrtirlnttls  tlto 


V 


,^^*...;j  ...f'lmtneu _  —  .r.s.,.,  .,. 

\  *m\H\rtiXA^  beauty. 

Im  noii  Biruggb  with  ' 


; 


^viirk*  be 


ju  theiu 
the 

:iJl    of 


^y^k  nil  the  papib  uf  Choroo^ 
t.'f«d  tiMfly  A  LuudriHl,  camt» 
u  one  otasAf  over  whidt  tjio 
hiiiiiwlf  prwulML  Tlicn  atnvngo 
wamm  to«jL  pUee.  Wlmi  [mpU  of  Oho 
iiHi  liiiet  I  th«  bMutiful 

of /?r  tt,  ^aogbf  the 

Diiim /.  iLivn  jint%  iioporroii,  now 


r 


**  Ii44«r.  ¥Oii»  ihTcs  lieu  d«  cmlr«» 
Q)iff  It  tt*kL;^rK«i4  i  t  HI  J  oar*  t** 


At  t)iǤe  wonU  Cboron  At^'ngted  bii 
littl*  iiUun  cup,  tttrned  up  tho  eitffa  of 
Ilk  ecMi,  »tnick  one  hnuil  into  iht*  othur, 
lAd  critil,  **  II  id  iial  HO  that  tlijit  r^^i- 
l^ire  tliatili]  be  »iung,  mjuUmi>iselIe, 
]ift«fi  |0  me/^  Tbcu  ho  ooughtfd,  and 
reeominftiiood  with  his  Httte  shArp  volae : 

lUdatfioiieUe  Baperron  begjm  agiun 
111  tsni^— 

**  Bat  ycm  biTen*t  it  jet,  mjr  diUd. 
WluU  tb^tif^v'iU  Tbi«  in  the  expraebn 
with  whinh  yi>ti  miuit  giiro  It,"^ — 


c  (Qlf  votoe  qulveredf) 

VMS!  ttf«i  lira  4t  &r«lr«,** 
fftrndc  hU  fomhood,  he  bcoaoM 

\  *i>btif<d,  he  wt*[it  nih^ntly  atid  then 

lh«l  jir^ir 

lltire  b  nu  ^mat  i^rtHt. 

Iktt  cif  the  memcnt.    II  il^ 

In  imif,  Im  kugbftl,  he  v^  rutljr 


In  the  ftalnn  of  a  minbter  09  m  his  own 
hou§c.  Choron  was  nn  e^iciclb^nt  man, 
gbligihg,  ffutiorous,  ready  to  aid  with  \m 
jjurn^s  jiml  Ills  w\y\m  all  who  were  in 
ne<*'fi  of  them*  lie  jovpd  h\s  r  '^  inh, 
and  waM  adored  by  ihinn»     15  '^w 

(oawaiken  thtiirtfiithu>iia!itn.  j ;-■  n,.[.ft 

thyiN  ill  that  way  fur  whii^h  thny  viei>3 
be^t  Httcd.  No  one  C4>uld  be  more  pas- 
sionately devoted  to  his  nrt  thtiti  bi*:  he 
gave  hini!»Ldr  up  ^.i  it,  body  and  Simt: 
and  thi»  lajit  Wiird  will  not  bo  thought 
hyperboUcal  wh&u  it  la  known  that  he 
dtdd  of  grief  at  Uio  abandon  in  L^it  of  hb 
a<$hool  by  the  govefiirrT^nt  of  July. 

Ho  travelled  yi  Mi^h  tiie  pro- 

vlncee  in  4«earn!i  oT  r^.     Ilr  went 

Uirough  the  town*  mvX  tiie  villager;  he 
entered  the  €4jllege9,  the  board ing- 
sehooK  all  the  efttabiifdiment-*  fQt  riublic 
inatrnctionf  where  be  had  all  tt^*  acnolan 
brought  before  liim.  Fir«t  be  exarnyied 
their  pbyaienl  con^^titutiun  \  tbon  lie  »aid^ 
**  Sing  in  I  me  tiling  Ibr  me.  Let  na  ace, 
eiog  me  tlio  gaumt,  ut^  re^  mi^fa.'^^  The 
obi  Id,  wtio  under»taod  tioLhiug  of  all 
tbis^  stm^  agliant.  *'  What,  jou  rogue, 
do  yon  know  nothing  f  Sing  mo,  tJicn, 
Ah  !  powj  dirai'je^  matimn  f  "  Thu  «hild 
Bang,  and  then  tbe  maiLer  (laid,  ''  Well 
doxii^ ;  you  have  A  ohftritdiig  voic^;  von 
ahall  go  witii  me;  yoar  fortune  b  niade.^* 
Qhorou  retufD^  to  PaH^  witli  a  dosen 
brata  in  wooden  stiofSf  whom  he  pre- 
8ent«d  to  tia^  SAJfuigi  "  Here  is  tJie  hope 
ofrnmoel" 

TbeMti  lant  words  rtoall  to  me  An  ia^ 
tere&ting  irtddLni  in  his  Ufet 

Among  iboiH.'  of  hla  pnpiU  who  htd 
made  ati  v\m<:\i  in  the  at'liool  of  UhoroQi 
there  w«r*j  tour  wnoin  bo  loved  tnnehf 
and  whom  he  always  brought  f^trwird 
when  he  winhed  to  gitre  the  hmi  ide*  of 
hia  infttrncihfD:  iheae  were  Dupnc,  of 
the  ojjefSf  lioiilmoger^KAritiEe^  An  esoel- 
leut  prtKfeAeor  of  »mgmg  in  Pann,  Vachoiif 
who  has  left  Kurtip(.%  and  bo  who  ruiatea 
this  utory.  Mm/ok  of  thcAe  youtbif^  with 
n^oreorlAts  of  talent,  bail  a  particular 
■ty)e  wbleh  tbe  mast«r  bad  been  ahie  to 
diaeovar  atid  help  to  form.  At  aixteeti 
veATs  i)U(fres  aireAdy  pot»eis«»d  that 
lArge  styla^  that  mnU  iffianaU^  which 
Has  won  for  him  bis  «piend Id  reputation. 
Onaooonui  ol  tbe  promtf'ing  tuenii  of 
Ihene  puptU,  and  tlio  high  favor  which 
Uiey  €iyoyt?d  with  the  iK-ad  of  tbe  ia- 
fttltutjont  'tl»ey  nere  houi^rc^d  with  the 
ntyk  and  titjo  of  artuts.  Wiw  there  a 
rtlci,  a  dbner,  a  miT6%  Obonn*  pre'Pnt#i) 
hiuiaeJI^  Anoofn|iatiled  by  hb  four  evan^ 
CtUitAr    Qa  braaking-np  days,  when  lie 


I 


614 


Ths  Story  of  an  Opera  Singer. 


[Nor. 


had  money,  whiob  did  not  always  hap- 
pen, he  stole  into  tlie  refectory,  and 
whispered  to  some  one  of  ua,  ''  Don^t 
cram  ho  much,  tliere  will  be  some  sweet- 
meats." This  was  as  much  as  to  say 
tb.at  we  should  go  to  the  Rapee  to  eat  a 
fiiatelote.  Then  indeed  our  forks  lay 
idle :  we  turned  up  our  noses  at  every 
thing,  even  at  the  lard  omelette.  )iadame 
Ghoron,  who  suspected  the  plan,  grum- 
bled in  a  reproacliful  under  tone,  ''  They 
are  going  to  the  Rapee."  "  That,  in- 
deed," answered  Ohoron.  And  he 
escaped,  laughing. 

Olio  day  he  arrived  at  the  school,  oot 
of  breath.  He  called  all  four  of  us,  and 
said,  ^^  Messieurs,  here  is  news  1  The 
minister  of  the  palace  is  changed ;  he  is 
now  a  M.  de  Lauriston,  so  ill-disposed 
toward  us,  that  ho  wishes  to  suppress 
the  school.  I  have  obtained,  with  dif- 
ficulty, that  before  making  such  a  deci- 
sion as  that,  he  will  hear  us.  We  go 
this  evening.  Oouraee,  then !  Our  future 
depends  upon  it.  lou  must  sing  your 
best :  first,  each  one  an  air,  afterwards 
two  duets.  Duprez,  come  hither,  my 
lad  :  you  will  sin^r,  0  dt8  amantet  deitit 
iuUlaircs :  You,  Boulanger,  Oh  /  queje 
fu%  bien  inspires  /  You,  Vaohon,  simple- 
ton that  you  are,  Di  piacer  mi  haUa  il 
ear :  do  you  understand  ?  Di  piacer  mi 
haha  il  cor:  and  yon,  my  charming  Vene- 
tian, 2^onpiuandrai/ar/alloneamora90, 
Ah!  Monsieur  de  Lauriston,  so  you 
would  bid  us  good  by — 0  des  amanU — 
Di  piacer — ^an  inandrai^ — ^he  cannot 
resist:  no,  no  and  the  conservatoire 
would  be  in  despair."  Saying  this,  he 
danced,  he  laughed,  he  sung.  '^  All  will 
go  well,"  he  added,  "  very  well.  Qo 
and  brush  your  coats  and  your  boots, 
rub  up  your  buttons :  be  brilliant,  daz- 
zling. Above  all,  eat  little :  d'ye  hear  ? 
Yon  shall  have  a  drop  of  Medoc  to  ele- 
vate your  imaginations." 

After  having  dined  as  sparingly  as  he 
had  recommended  us  to  do,  and  covered 
ourselves  with  immense  chapeaus,  which 
formed  a  part  of  our  uniform,  we  left  the 
corner  of  the  Rue  Mont  Parnasse,  and 
followed  the  Boulevards.  It  was  a 
beautiful  Jidy  evening.  The  moon  flung 
her  lovely  light  upon  the  tops  of  the 
trees  which  waved  their  dense  foliage 
above  us.  We  walked  in  silence,  each 
charged  with  a  roll  of  music,  following 
our  master,  who  went  on  with  his  head 
bowed  and  speediless.  We  practised 
under  breath,  dimiaishing  a  tone,  ven- 
turing upon  a  roalade,  contriving  a  ca- 
denza.   We  arriTed  thos  at  the  Hotel  of 


the  Minister  of  the  Palace,  Bne  de 
Grenelle  8aint  Germain.  A  terrible 
tlminping  of  our  hearts  seized  m  when 
the  hnissier  announced — ^^Monsienr  Oho- 
ron and  his  pupils." 

We  entered  a  vast  saloon,  where  we 
found  a  dozen  persons.  A  commanding 
voice  said  to  Ohoron,  "Are  these  afi 
your  scholars  ?"  *'  No,  your  Ezoellence, 
they  are  my  best :  they  are  the  expect- 
ancy of  France."  "  The  devil  they  are  I" 
laughed  Lauriston.  ^  Your  Excellence 
shall  judge,"  replied  Ohoron.  Then 
making  us  all  approach,  and  taking  each, 
in  turn,  by  the  hand,  "Tliis  is  the  lover," 
said  he,  presenting  the  broad-chested 
Duprez ;  ^^Boulanger,  the  iZMni-eara^f^.* 
Vachon,  the  graceful;  and  il  tignor 
buffo  cantante.  *^It  seems  that  yon 
have  in  your  school  all  stvles  and  all 
varieties  of  talent,"  smd  the  minister, 
smiling.  "  Yes,  your  Excellence,  all 
styles.  Duprez,  Scndo,  sing  your  beaa- 
tiful  duet  from  Bella  Nice,"  We  ap- 
proached the  piano-forte  with  some  lack 
of  confidence,  but  resolved  to  make  the 
best  of  it.  Panseron,  who  accompanied 
us,  struck  a  few  chords  to  give  us  breath- 
ing time.  At  last  we  began.  There 
was  a  dead  silence  :  all  eyes  were  bent 
on  us.  Ten  measures  and  an  approving 
murmur  arose  to  swell  our  bosoms.  Our 
voices  vibrated,  rung — our  style  became 
elevated — they  covered  us  with  applause. 
^^Oharmiog,"  we  heard  on  all  sides. 
'Tes,  yes,  it  is  charming,  it  is  ravish- 
ing," said  Ohoron,  his  eyes  full  of  tean. 
"Begin  again,  my  lads;  all  goes  well. 
The  country  is  saved,"  he  whispered  to 
us.  The  evening  finished  as  happily  as 
it  had  begun.  We  left  the  hotel  of  the 
minister  dancing  like  fools,  and  throwing 
our  chapeaux  above  the  tops  of  the  trees 
on  the  boulevards.  The  school  was  sus- 
tained, and  when  we  went  to  the  opera 
the  men  in  ofiice  said,  as  we  passed, 
"  There  goes  the  hope  of  France !" 

Such  was  the  school  into  which  the 
young  girl  whose  story  I  am  relating  was 
about  to  enter.  Her  name  was  Rose 
Niva.  Mademoiselle  Rose  Niva  was  not 
what  is  usually  called  a  pretty  girl.  She 
was  too  large  for  her  age,  meagre,  and 
wanted  that  grace  of  manner  which  is 
the  result  of  good  breeding.  But  she 
had  a  little  foot,  a  charming  figure,  a 
face  full  of  character  and  vivacity,  eyes 
black  and  gleaming,  and  a  mouth  some- 
what large,  it  is  true ,  but  made  lovely 
by  a  smile  quite  adorable.  She  had 
talent,  much  talent,  bat  no  cultnre. 
She  must  needs  be  unmade  and  remade. 


1M4.] 


Thi  Story  of  an  Opera  Smger. 


&U 


^ 


D^f,  ficlile,  Ami  MiBed  to  r#- 

ftrvifil,    the  wiL-  to   maim^. 

Bmilf^  a  nune  nptiuiai^  And  an  oxquigito 

tirtaJn w1  of  ber,    N  i  v  a'«  c  li jwaclor  i  ote- 

OlioriNl.     HLa  g«n«rcMiii  ffuoj  was  Uuroh^ 
al  M^flni?  mn<^h  A  beautiful  «oul  crui4ied 

£. 


bint. 
Madt^tT 


He  undtmd  htr  a 
!  fmm  that  moment  he 
hn  diit y  |4>  tipun  for  this 
way  to  A  bftppler  fiitur©. 
natural  pride  in 
i  Hami<:r  to  pre- 
ii(»rcm  ;    but  tbjs 

w[j]i-h  oslonbhod  ev^ 


v.'ij 


...:  ...IL.     V:.... 


I  Of 
^rilL      It  Wa:^ 

nrfect  order; 


WH«   ftiliniUed   to 

JiticUui  ^>  iIh>  par* 

Ut;)  claaa   wm 

Ireti,  and  yomog 

ed  with  tiie  moti 

nf*i  A   wnrd    waa  aver 


I 


mmrd  to  thock  pri^pn^ty.  The  aer«rity 
nf  Hamkr  waa  m  gvmt  Uk  iUis  refard 
tktx  h^  waa  the  butt  of  tbe  pleaaantrj 
ttf  bb  «of&rm4««* 

Thm  am  le«oni  which  MadlJe.  Kka 

raeasTad  from    Kamier    were    oHgitial 

taongh*    After  haviitg  tirw^^stiKl  her  to 

bar  daaf^mate^,  he  wied  hi^r  to  him, 

adil,    '*  Madeoioiaille  Niva,    tb#^ 

» «|ie«k  very  11!  of  me  to  yon,  do 

tNgrooif     Own  it  frankly.     The^   tell 

•  foo  tbat  I  Am  a  ^utiibWr,  lianh,  atid 

iard  la  pl«aae/*   Klfa  roapood^d  to  tlik 

^  wall,  ^a 

tio*moitow  i  will  iwt  yon  no  othvr 
Uiaii  lo  waj>b  70 nr  fincc^  and  Aft^^r 
w«  will  ioe."  A  gcAirral  buf  h  fol- 
krwed  the  •piwoJi  of  ih«  prsifi?^tjr.  On 
tlia  tfliorrow  Ni^a  prc^i^nted  herself  ie  a 
fOOMwbai  better  plifrht,  ^^  No*\*'  »aid 
Biwiir,  ^'I'oti  mi  :  yonraelf  lo 

jmr  mxktU ;  and  i  tk  week  fbr 

um  lfli{iortatit  abMin  Fi  In  a  week 
Ibf  metamornhi^ifl  wa«  00m plate;  the 
Uttatifii!  tectli  of  MiulIJe  Niva  wt^ro  aa 
wtiite  aa  ivory,  b«r  I't^llar  wai  a4)ujitecl 
wfiJi  Tiinr**  tniit*,  b*r  hair  well  oombedi 
brr  !  letter  keopiiig   with   her 

prr  tn  a  word,  thtire  waa  ati 

•fit  t  in  aDairii^  au4  the 

imt^  I  pid  ^K^en  arouaed, 

liami^  Uitiu  dtivfited  bimMc^lf  10  bar 
maflifiA)  educattott  li  av  ing  Andre  oontrol 
0?«rlitr,  Uft  watched  b<»r  wiib  a  Mfara 
9j%  niarlted  oat  her  honra  of  Mturly^  and 


made  her  give  him  a  minute  aooumit  of 
bar  time.  Krt^ry  actioji  of  thb  yoimg 
girl  waa  uuder  \m  eoutrol ;  no  otie  C4>uld 
eediitie  biot  from  hk  mjUci tenia  tiM»k,  atid 
Beltber  her  moth^^r  nor  Choron  over  op^ 
poeed  Uie  will  of  liamier. 

Little  hv  litilid  Kiva'fi  voice,  beoomi^g 
controUabla  by  natneroua  aQ4  well  gra- 
duated exerd^eo,  acquired  a  remarkable 
adnority.  Euehjuitqd  by  Uie  prti^n^ 
of  hii  pupU,  Eamier  no  longer  Cimliried 
bu  iiiMirucUouji  to  music.  Tho  int^Ui* 
geuctt  of  Nivft  waa  reaidy  for  everything; 
but  tt.  was  not  without  muoh  trouble  on 
hw  part  and  mimy  tean  00  heri  tliat  it 
waa  brought  under  csontroL  Tbe  U2*e  of 
ngorou0  means  was  also  neoeeiary  to 
bring  her  into  habltd  of  obedlooee  and 
Ti^gular  labor.  Thore  were  muny  ot- 
teri»pta  at  revalti  irtany  thrral^  *}f  return- 
ing  to  native  freedom.  But  Raxulvr  watf 
immovable:  ho  kept  h^t  oon^tiintly 
under  the  yoke  of  hia  will  In  otlior 
reapec!ta  Hamier  waa  extremely  knid  to 
Niva.  Be  gave  ber  all  hia  time ;  h*s  rieg^ 
lected  iiis  private  affairt  to  wntch  over 
her  education;  he  providtHl  for  a  part 
of  her  needfi — in  a  word,  he  beoaine  her 
providenoe. 

Thus  Niva  grew  under  the  initructloni 
of  Kamier.  She  waa  no  hmger  tbo  poor 
little  girl  whom  he  found  in  the  s^treet ; 
ehe  had  beeome  a oharming  pert^^n,  with 
a  filender  ignre,  refined  and  dbtin- 
gimhed  mannet^  oo&Terslug  wiib  case. 
He  eouid  not  look  at  her  with  nut  pride ; 
he  €ould  not  hear  her  praiitL*d  wiUitjut  Buy- 
ing U3  hhnwlf — "  It  iu  I  who  have  inane 
h<;r  what  ehe  in,'^  When  it  woj^  whi«t>ered 
artiund  him,  ^*  What  a  charming  p«tn»on  I 
what  witl  what  talent  T^  bii»  heart 
bounded  with  joy. 

During  h^r  Waona^  when  the  »ting  at 
hl«  mdc,  and  iior  voice  broke  forth  in 
lad  and  pbintive  stralni,  his  eveji  were 
coiLkktantly  flietl  un  her.    Hi^  hx^kt^d  at 
her  with  delight;  he  breathed  with  dlf- 
doulty,  ao  mndi  did  he  fear  to  lose  one 
of  thoee  aaoentet  the  utleranoe  of  whieli 
ha  had  b#«<i  able  to  t^^aoh  her.     It  wa« 
beeanae  Nfra  waa  Ihe  work  i»f  hU  hand*, 
ibaaohoof  hi«  aonl.     r  .'-,-.;"-  .i.-Lff 
to  ]0ck  nmu  tbe  nti: 
ffanoe  whieh  owea  iL.  ^ ........     .  j    l 

BAmiar,  wl»o  had  devoted  tbrea  prMooi 
yeari  of  hh  life  to  the  edncatkm  of  tbii 
young  girl,  to  bend  her  to  lii«i  illghteal 
will«  tu  aecuitom  iisr  to  a  paaaive  obo- 
itietMM^  DOW  Uiat  Ini  had  obtained  what 
bo  daajrad.  now  that  he  bad  made  her  a 
perfeoUy  eharining  araatiif«t  wm  atttatad 
at  tba  pedeetloii  oC  bli  itock.     Tbii 


516 


7%#  Story  of  an  Opera  Singer. 


[Not. 


obedience,  this  docility,  this  Qnclonded 
sweetness,  chagrined  him  and  made  him 
unhappy.  He  would  have  had  a  littie 
matiny,  some  caprices.  He  wished  that 
Niva  did  not  believe  herself  obliged  to 
obey  without  uttering  complaint.  He 
would  have  seen  her  a  woman,  and  his 
equal.  This  will  be  understood.  Ramier 
loved  Niva.  Tlie  poor  girl  whom  he 
had  educated  with  so  much  severity, 
whom  but  now  he  had  treated  with  so 
little  consideration,  was  mistress  of  his 
heart.  He  was  kneeling  /before  the 
work  of  his  own  hands.  It  was  a  pas- 
sion the  more  profound  because  he  dared 
not  manifest  it.  The  question  was  how 
to  pass  the  gulf  which  separated  him 
from  Niva — ^how  to  lay  aside  the  sem- 
blance of  an  almost  paternal  authority 
in  order  to  avow  tlie  tender  sentiments 
with  which  she  had  inspired  him — ^how 
to  abandon  the  severe  and  dignified  cha- 
racter which  he  had  sustained  till  then, 
that  he  miffht  bow  himself  before  a  girl 
who  trembled  before  him?  Niva,  who 
owed  everything  to  Ramier,  who  feared 
as  much  as  she  respected  him,  how 
would  she  receive  the  avowal  of  a  sen- 
timent which  she  was  far  from  suppos- 
ing to  exist  in  her  benefactor.  Love  is 
a  jealous  god,  who  will  have  independ- 
ence. On  the  other  side,  the  character 
of  Ramier  was  too  high-toned,  he  was 
too  dcei>lv  penetrated  with  the  noble 
mission  which  had  fallen  to  his  lot,  to 
abuse  for  a  moment  Uie  boundless  con- 
fidence with  which  he  had  inspired  his 
youthful  pupil. 

Meanwhile,  Niva  made  progress  daily; 
She  had  surpassed  the  highest  hopes  of 
Ramier.  Her  aptitude  at  appreciating 
the  most  delicate  shades  of  expression 
was  surprising.  Her  beautiful  voice, 
her  striking  figure,  her  large  and  vigor- 
ous style,  were  the  astonishment  of  all 
who  heard  her.  Whenever  she  sung  in 
Ramier*s  class  there  was  no  end  to  the 
stamping  and  applause.  In  the  world 
her  success  was  yet  greater.  She  was 
overwhelmed  with  presents  and  kind 
attentions :  then,  with  tearful  eyes,  she 
would  say  to  Ramier,  "  My  master,  it 
is  to  you  that  I  owe  all  this.'* 

Niva  had  been  three  years  in  Choron^s 
school,  before  she  was  heanl  by  any 
other  i>erson  except  the  pupils  of  Ramier. 
One  day  Choron  said  to  Ramier,  "  When 
shall  we  hear  your  prodigy?"  This 
malicious  question  showed  that  Choron 
had  allowed  himself  to  be  prejudiced 
agidnst  Niva  by  the  wounded  self-love 
of  her  oompanions,  who  were  jealous  of 


the  preference  of  Ramier,  and  the  par- 
ticular care  he  bestowed  upon  her.  A 
day  was  fixed  on  which  Niva  should  be 
heard.  This  sort  of  presentation  had 
always  taken  place  at  formal  lessons, 
over  which  Ohoron  presided.  It  was  an 
imposing  sight.  Each  professor,  with 
his  class,  denied  before  tlie  head  of  the 
establishment,  who  approved  or  cen- 
sured. It  was  not  Choron  whom  the 
scholars  feared  the  most,  but  Uie  criti- 
cism of  their  comrades.  A  smile,  a 
murmur  made  them  tremble,  and  utterly 
confused  them.  It  was  on  a  Saturday, 
in  the  year  1829,  tliat  Niva  was  to  make 
her  d6but  before  all  the  pupils  of  Chxy- 
ron^s  school.  The  ban  and  arridre-ban 
had  been  summoned.  There  were  also 
some  strange  ladies,  who,  knowing  the 
romantic  story  of  the  young  artist,  had 
expressed  a  desire  to 'hear  her.  The 
curiosity  was  general.  All  were  eager 
to  observe  the  result  of  three  years  of 
study ;  every  person  had  come  with  feel* 
ings  more  or  less  favorably  disposed  to- 
wards the  debutante. 

Choron  says  to  Ramier,  '^  My  oood 
fellow,  we  are  ready."  Oondncted  by 
her  teacher,  Niva  advanced  upon  tiie 

Elatform.  She  trembles,  her  breast 
eaves  with  eflfbrt.  Ramier  is  at  the 
piano-forte,  his  heart  oppreesed  with 
agitation.  He  strikes  a  few  chord%  and 
whispers  to  Niva,  "Courage I"  Niva 
then  commences  to  ung  that  beantifiil 
air  of  Nicolini's, — 

**  Or  che  son  rldno  %  te, 
Stanca  ton  dt  palpltar,** 

which  Madame  Pasta  gave  with  soeh 
grand  magnificence  of  style.  When  Niva 
reached  the' touching  passage, — 

t«  Tanto  amore  «  Unta  fb." 

a  storm  of  applause  overwhelms  her 
voice.  Choron  springs  upon  the  plat- 
form, weeping  like  a  child,  and  throwing 
himself  upon  Niva's  neck,  covers  her 
with  kisses,  unable  to  utter  a  word.  All 
the  pupils  rise  spontaneously.  Ramier, 
leaning  his  head  upon  the  instrument, 
endeavors  to  master  his  emotion:  at 
the  sight  of  him,  Niva  disengages  herself 
from  the  arms  of  Choron  and  springj 
towards  her  benefkotor :  "  Bra/oo^  hranior 
on  all  sides.  It  was  a  thrilling  soene, 
the  brightest  day  of  Ramier. 

Some'  time  previous  Choron  bad  en- 
riched the  class  of  Ramier  with  a  new 
pupil, — a  young  man  of  attractive  ez- 
tenor.    He  called  himself  Ri&nt    The 


f*#  Story  0fm 


n^. 


611 


ifil  timo  iJtAt  ha  HAW  and  boftrd  Nira 
li#wi«  »truck  with  aflmirftlion.  From 
liimt  lurnienl  Ito  «jid  no*.  Icwr  iiigbt  of  b©r* 
^Asjdu  *i3*1j  Bttoidve  to  1  ^r,  td  Bf/er 
t  iiQ  uj^mirtiiLitj  to  pft/  her  a  com« 
dif  nU  Kivrf^ior  dtd  uot  long  remain 
Ltmnt  nf  thl»  bit  of  rotnjitice.  He 
Uiok  H  as  II  mco  affiictioR.  He  eesajed 
Ukwm^  tkii  Utiddipg  AtladimeDt;  bat> 

IHrfttoiuj  aggm\a[t?d  the  «vU. 

OtM  Siliidaj  in  tho  tnnnth  of  Maj^ 
1830»  Eamitfr  and  Njva  wer^i  tc>  dtne  at 
tba  ho^im  wf  lionie  pcraan  of  raok,  who 
Uad  takec  ftti  mtorcet  \u  tlie  pro^pwU  of 
tlba  Ypitof  aiiiger.  Ki  va  eicu^ed  h«t>elf 
«ll  um  mnml  ofindmpositton.  Homier 
w«t)t  ■J*'Ho ;  btit,  iu«iou«  about  the 
haahh  of  lib  pQpil,  lie  ■lipped  out  im* 
»fdi#telj  after  dinner  and  went  tfom 
lU  Ommi^  d'Antin  to  the  Hue  Baby- 
4PM,  wii«r«  Niva  Uf  ©d.  As  tlie  wentber 
iraa  baaftUlkd,  he  folJuwed  the  BuuUvnrd 
daa  Iimiidei,  It  wa^,  porhnptK  t*iglit 
p*idi>ok,  in  ttie  evening,  Btiarlf^g  an 
tftormoQi  botitiii«t  for  Niva,  his  heart 
wii  fa  line  of  thoea  perf<;ml)'  happy 
mocMli  which  ara  bo  rarely  etijoyed  in 
lllia  tiff^,  when  he  miw  twi»  [ternorm  ap- 
ttHAckiBig  hf rn.  At  once  hh  ey^  i wsm^ 
Hi  koati  bent  md  trembled  :  he  endat- 
V0V9«I  Id  walk^  but  in  vain:  he  w«i 
alififcd  to  laan  again»t  a  tree:  lie  had 
tMMiiied  Niva  an  the  arm  of  llifant  \ 
Danili  with  a.i^toniithmeut,  the  Bweat 
•i<tod  ill  gn^nt  drops  upt»n  the  fae«  of 
fianiier  I  hi*  grief  wtm  of  that  kind  which 
aaiiaoc  End  relief  In  ic^am.  After  a  few 
iltifil  mom«ntfi,  liiunier^  AuiTimuning  all 
Ma  aatf>poiawjNi i on ^  went  on  his  wjiy  with* 
MilAWrifd^  leaving  Kiva  in  otter  con- 
tteraation.  For  U\m^  all  wai«  over.  He 
IMivtr  ullmlod  to  theni'cniTeoc^  with  hii 
^»^  i  I dd n»a©4  a  re i» ri  lac h  to  her : 

hte  i\  lib  eare  om  it  noihing  had 

a^ttnod  tiio  tanlinjrnbi  which  be  hnd  for 
hm,  Sr>rfitt  motilha  afttrwanlsi  the  rero- 
Istioi)  of  July  w.ciirr*'d,  whidj  put  an 
ipd  Ui  Ui*  «c)40f>l  of  Chiiron-  A  fort' 
nigbt  a/Ur  ihia  avent  Itariilef  ouiic^ 
fkria. 


He  had  hvi>d  bit  month i  at  the  towa 

of  ^  wlien  there  arrived  a  yoong 

mn dairies  who  was  the  subject  of  high 
enl  -gy,  Sh'^.  waa  abo  Jt  to  gjv.  a  o'-u- 
cert. '  Upon  the  apporLited  day  'ire  krge 
saloon  of  the  Hotel  de  Ville  was  throng- 
eel :  all  the  beat  society  of  the  plaee  waa 
pre9ent.  Eamier  waa  among  tlie  firat 
tbere^  and  placed  hini'^elf  jiist  in  frt»nt  of 
tlie  [jijinii'f'iirti\  After  an  overture, 
played  by  the  aTiiateura  of  the  town,  the 
prim  (t  di>n  na  appeared.  The  program  mo 
announced  an  air  by  NiooHni.  The 
young  vooali^t  approaebed  Ibe  piano- 
forte with  confEdenee,  and,  without  ap- 
pear i  tig  in  thtf  hwkt  disconcert^wl  by  her 
nitrueroQif  andiei^ee^  she  began  witli  mnab 
aweetne^s  that  beautiful  o^Of  lo, — 

**  Or  «l1i«  t$a  Ttc|£i«  «  li  ^, 

then  she  atopped  aliort.  Uer  voice 
treinbtedt  her  vlaaga  pikd.  8h«  endea- 
vored to  recommenee:   bat  it  waa  Im- 

|K!«i$ibk!  Her  eyes  tilled  with  tear*.  See- 
ing her  nbout  to  iwooc^  Ramier  apratig 
to  ber  aidf  placed  her  in  a  chair,  took 
the  mu.Nic  from  her  handi^  and  utepped 
forward  to  sing  in  her  place  i 

■*  Or  ebe  MS  tIcIiio  %  It^ 
0UjiM  iwn  dl  pAlp'liAr*^ 

with  an  ncfent  and  an  eiproision  whioh 
ttirilltsd  the  whole  aMomblj*  The  even- 
inpf  wast  broken  up ;  the  concert  could 
not  go  on.  Nlva^  for  it  wa^  «he.  had 
r#o<^is«d  Rmnier,  wlio,  after  i-inglng 
the  air,  went  out  and  left  the  town  on 
the  ne^t  day. 

Ten  yeart  after  the  event  jot t  related, 
they  gave  an  of^era  at  the  Royal  A<w 
deioy  of  MiiJiic  which  attracted  all  I*an*, 
A  p^ima  donna  beloved  by  the  pubiio 
acideved  a  great  Nuoceeii.  In  tlie  fuurt!^ 
a«t,  daring  one  of  Uie  moal  dratnatio 
•oenet  in  the  oomp<v»ttKoti«  iobi  were 
beard  frt»m  an  obscure  comer  of  the 
orobeatra:  \i  wii»  liajnii?r,  who  wept  hot 
tcaTM  at  recognising  Kirn  m  the  j»enHin 
of  thp  fiivurit*>  \mmK  donna,  who  calk 
ber»elf  ni*w-a-day»,  RoaiifA  BTotix, 


518 


[Not. 


GOSAS    DE    ESPAI^A. 
(Oootfiioed  firom  page  2t.) 


XT. 


'   ADIBIT,  B^BOXLONAI 

AND  now,  in  the  midst  of  all  thy 
gaieties,  adien,  Barcelona — ^fairest  of 
the  towns  of  Spain  I  I  leave  thy  Ram- 
bla  and  thy  sea- washed  walk,  thy  green- 
swarded  ramparts  and  thy  Oatalonlan 
towers,  thy  vine-hills  and  thy  mountain 
tops  of  snow.  Softer,  they  tell  me,  are 
the  maids  of  Andalusia,  and  milder  the 
airs  of  the  Mnroian  shore.  Bnt  thy 
Pyrenean  skies  have  been  a  heaven  to 
me,  and  the  grace  of  thy  veiled  daughters 
has  held  my  roving  heart  captive  for 
ninety  dav$  / 

Now  then,  9amo$/  Already  I  see 
before  me,  rising  np  out  of  the  sonthem 
sea.  and  beckoning  me  on,  the  minarets 
and  the  palm-trees  of  Valencia. 


rvi. 


TO  VALKNOIA* 

The  starting  of  the  Yalencian  Dili- 
gencia  from  the  great  square  of  Barcelona 
is  a  spectacle  for  men  and  boys,  if  not 
for  angels.  The  hnge,  ponderous  vehide 
is  itself  a  piece  of  joinery  which,  if  ex- 
hibited as  a  curiosity  in  any  of  our  States, 
not  too  far  south  or  west,  would  bring 
a  shilling  per  head  quick.  It  has  the  air 
of  an  old  stager,  indeed.  Yet,  though 
on  its  last  spokes,  it,  like  all  veterans, 
dies  hard.  Its  well-patched  appearance 
indicates  that  it  has  passed  trough 
many  hair-breadth  escapes,  and  accidents 
by  flood  and  field.  Bnt  no  turning  of 
somersets,  no  getting  stuck  in  the  mud, 
no  involuntary  voyages-down  the  moun- 
tain torrents,  have  ever  succeeded  in 
dislocating  its  original  timbers.  There 
it  stands — its  leathern  top  clouted  like 
old  shoes — its  body  as  unwashed  as  the 
great  body  of  the  Spanish  people — and 
its  interior  crammed  full  of  men,  women 
and  babies,  every  one  of  the  former  of 
whom,  before  taking  his  place,  has  made 
liis  last  will  and  testament,  and  got  an 
insnrance  on  his  ribs  for  donble  their 
vslae. 

For  the  last  hour,  all  have  been 
packed,  passengers  and  luggage.  But 
there  is  bad  lack  in  starting  in  a  hurry  in 
Spain.    M  corre  prieta.    The  postilions 


are  mounted ;  let  them  have  their  nap 
out  The  mules,  too,  the  whole  ei|^t  of 
them,  are  asleep,  each  on  bis  three  legs. 
All — passengers,  postilions  and  mules — 
are  waiting  for  the  conductor,  with  his 
mail-bags. 

Here  he  comes.  One  leap,  and  he  is 
on  his  box.  The  tail  of  his  cap  reaches 
the  small  of  his  back;  and  his  moos* 
tache  mountp,  scarcely  less  than  the 
length  of  his  cap,  in  the  air.  A  voltey 
of  preparatory  oaths  and  sacramentis 
clears  the  road  of  boys,  beggars  and  by- 
standers. And  now,  vamot!  Craok 
your  whip,  cochero ; — go  it,  ropes!  The 
conductor  swears  and  shouts  at  the  top 
of  his  voice ;  the  postilions  put  the  spurs 
into  the  poor  brutes'  sides ;  and  a  nmneTi 
keeping  pace  with  the  cantering  carmvan, 
plays  the  lash  most  dexteroiuly  alx>at 
backs  and  bellies.  The  whole  afhir 
sweeps  down  the  avenue  '^like  mad.** 
And,  possibly,  before  they  are  well  <kt 
the  pavement^  as  uneven,  in  many  parts 
of  the  town,  as  the  rolling  sea,  a  nioTe- 
ment  will  take  place  in  the  stomachs  <Mf 
some  of  the  travellers,  analogous  to  that 
experienced  by  the  passengers  of  a  Dover 
and  Oalais  steam-packet,  on  leaving  the 
quay.  A  couple  of  heads,  maybe,  are 
seen  dangling  out  of  each  window,  in 
such  a  state  of  wretchedness,  as  must 
throw  the  most  compassionate  and  deco- 
rous of  observers  into  an  uncontrollable 
fit  of  laughter.  So  they  go  ont  of  the 
town-gates — ^the  passengers  cascading — 
the  postilions  cracking  their  whips — the 
exhausted  runner  laying  on  his  last 
blows — the  conductor  stul  calling  npon 
the  saints,  and  uttering  over  his  poor 
brutes'  heads  half  the  imprecations  con- 
tained in  the  vernacular. 

Once  on  the  queen's  highway,  the 
whole  concern  would  soon  ^  lost  sight 
of;  for  it  goes  down  in  the  holes  of  the 
road  like  a  ship  in  the  troughs  of  the 
sea.  You  think  they  have  all  descended 
into  the  pit  which  has  no  bottom — 
mules,  riders  and  diligence.  But,  anon, 
you  see  them  slowly  staggering  np  the 
next  summit  of  tlie  billowy  road,  all 
tight  and  right.  Therein  lies  the  great 
peculiarity  of  the  Spanish  stage-ooach, 
that  when  it  goes  into  the  mire  deep 
enough  to  bring  it  to  a  complete  stand- 
still, everything  about  the  maohine  /toM^ 
nothing  oreaka.    The  ropes  stretch  a 


ISM.] 


Comi  di  EtpaM. 


dt9 


pinni;    ih^y  dgti't   pftrt,     Th^   brno^ 

•dtle;    but    thi?  *it|>(?rineiimbeiit    body 

dostODtt'f*  5 id.   ADfvrber^ 

oot  fif  6pfl  V  ]  L>fl  loom  wm 

rioffiiii^l  i«>  rjii?  [H.nt-onrjtrived  veMcle, 

w^   00  tLe    Ttioit  upnght-atitnding 

or  womiiii ;   but,  bere,  nutbiag  b 

ooifltiiou,  at  least,  in  Om  otM  of 

iilkvtieti,  thAn  for  tbeui  to  bart  ftll 

bur  MtKwa  b>oso  at  cmc«.    Then  tbej 

I  fittteaL     Tho  matler  nuiy  not  b« 

ooiBpreb«niibl»— ^ti«  a  Ooift  d« 

5f  murw,  I  did  not  myself  go  to 

rftivnciji    in    tho    dtllgeticii.     By    no 

I  waited  a  wtek,  and  went  bj 

^ood    ftlnip,    tba    Barcino,    I   wia 

Iron*  of  making  ooo  more  voya^  In 

D|iany  with    my    friend^    tha    Don. 

Ind  th^T%  ^ore  enoDgh^  be  itil!  w&&, 

battle  on  the  panel  with  Uie  pig- 

sf;    and   them  waa  6anoho  Panca, 

ling  aghaat,  alike  It  tba  ftiry  of  hia 

IT,  and  the  low  of  l)je  U<inor.    The 

kniglit.,  now  that  I  liad  beooino 

LmlTiftf  with  liiisk  ftfid  hii  trusty  fqnire, 

*  I  ■clona^  seemed  Iq  me 

iirnh  Vth — than  over. 

'i  f  tlio  inn -keeper,  and 

t  '  T'Hnre*?^*:"*,  nnd  the 

llialj'  ^\flcho 

PiiriJ  A\  w<» 

Alter  tb©  oUicr  paaseiiger!*  had  ttJtired 

Ilia  nlebt;  the  <?loth  was  laid  fur  our 

The  r>on  caioe  down  firom  hi«* 

r,  itnd  wtui  placed  at  the  hvnd  of  tbo 

iboti^h    in    hb    ahlrt't/iils.     An 

ff\^*^*.A..  rabbit  liad  b^n  tirdtired  tO  ba 

prewiily  ftyt  Bancho  Paiiza,  aa 

L,,.  .     ;  Uiing  to  stop  hia  mouth,  and  pnt 

land  to  hb  pit»r«rrb»*    Saneho at teaf 

if  t!io  WAY,  prov^  to  be  a  poo4  dad  of 

rid  would  iaeyitably  have  »unk 

rt}m  the  exoeadtng  woight  of 

ibU  witmifv  had  not  his  aitontion  boon 

Ijulmltly  iumf^d  lo  eoinething  he  reliahed 

Itren  better  than  hIa  0Wti  punik    Tlie 

i|iin-k<w-ji«r,   f^fk'r    pJMoc   bla    damaela 

•aach  *ide  of  Uie  wornhipfiil, 

Itlmii  ^  hat  diftcont^rted   knight 

Faf  iji  MrLnir.r^  Mat  bifOftalf  down  aa  mr 

rigbt-hand  mim  i  and  the  way  in  wblofi 

^w«  all  dr«w  on  the  only  remaining  »kin 

\t»f   bit    well-pTfaanrwl    Ik^nl^^arlo,    wae 

by  of  the  Ttry  bait  fUya  of  Hponi^h 

I  matt  do  mine  boat  tba  jtittiea 

ay — and  I  do  \i  mtutt  chaartally — 

ftbat  aseafititig  iny»M?lf,  (*{  connie,  ho  waa 

jibe  last  of  tba  party  to  gf\  nnikf  the 

"  ' " ! ;  wbila  San^hcj  Pundit,  I  rcj^rct  to 

i|  M  Ib9  way,  Tiilling  otl'  with  a  half- 


^niahed  proverb  on  his  lip!<,  and  in  a 
manner  Jiighly  derogatory  to  the  dignity 
of  a  parioniga  who  wai  one  day  to  Im 
tba  governor  of  an  bland.  The  Don  dis- 
appeared fKim  !>■  *  ''  fH>h  itfUsr  the 
huii^»\  and  it  b  i  •  what  bacama 

of  him.  Not  a  lii^.'.  ^  ^icd  he  teamed, 
as  I  tbooght^  towards  thi*  eloee  of  tba 
aittingt  tliat  nobody  would  beliero  a 
word  of  what  bo  repeatedly  af&rmad 
ratpeoting  Uie  beautiful  foot  of  Dnloinaa 
del  TobcjflO*  Very  likely,  ha  went  baek 
before  momirtg  to  hi^  panel.  I  can 
simply  aayj  that  whan  I  amaa  from  my 
seat  at  tlie  auppGr-table^  netUier  he,  nor 
nny  other  of  the  gneata  was  there  to 
wish  me  hu^tm  iurdet,'  and  that  on 
awaking  noit  morning,  the  only  thing  I 
notleed  wn^  the  faot  that  tlio  Bard  no 
was  dropping  anchor  in  the  roadstead  of 
Valencia, 


aPUflSEH   B&SAJC1B8. 

It  waa  blowing  a  small  gale  of  wind ; 
f<jr  the  Mediterranean  b  a  moody  aoa, 
changing  eometimea  veir  qniekly  from 
smilcMi  to  frowns*    A  gJe  of  inn4  and 
no  harbor  at  Valencia,  or  within  a  hun-  •] 
drad  milosof  it  ;-H9iich  is  the  inho^tpitalltjf  < 
ofthi§ror.k*bonnd,  though  beauiifnl  ooiat^i 
Therefore,  I  had  niy  choice  between  oon- 
iinuing  on  to  Alicante,  with  a  chanca  ' 
of  meettog  no  better  luek,  and  being 
obliged  to  go  eren  to  CArtegeiiAf  and  the  • 
ertremeat  anuth,  or  of  buiding  in  an  open  ^ 
boat  in  the  breakers.    I  had  mnch  mam  < 
time  for  reflection  than  wa^  need<Ml  lb? 
deciding  a  qnoitimn  whleh  had  fc>r  mc^  in 
fact,  but  one  side  to  it,     Vvt,  hoar  AiU*r 
hoar  paa»ed  away ;   atid  no   boat   waa  < 
teen  pnahlnff  off  fh>rn  the  ihora,    No 
good  ooinee  rbm  httfrytng  lo  BmIh.    M  i| 
qv*  m  aprmurm  w  mutn ;  v  §1  fut  n&^ 
tarn  hUn.   Ho  who  hurries,  dies;  and  ha 
who  doc!A  not^  dieii  too,    I'he  aea  wa4 
mnoing  ao  high  on  the  beach,  tliat  tha 
boa^ea  had  n  good  oienno  for  their  dtla- 
lofineii,  and  kept  ua  waiting  f^l  half  a  « 
day. 

At  langlb,  jDit  aa  1  waa  making  up  raj 
wSmA  Sbal  lliay  would  not  come  at  ail, 
of  tbaf  »hoved.  It  waa  a  good-aiai'd 
bargai  with  a  daien  or  twenty  Intty  fel- 
Iowa,  in  rad  cap*,  at  the  oan.  We  W(?ra 
lylof  almoal  thra«H|nartani  t»f  a  mile  from 
tba  abora ;  and  tha  boat,  now  toued  lo 
tiia  top  of  the  w&Vi>a,  and  now  com- 
plctdy  joat  lo  viaw  In  iba  botloWf  toakf 


&iO 


Cottti  d9  EspafUi. 


pfov. 


MR  It  seemed  to  our  irnpmience,  a  stubII 
frmctton  of  eterniiv  to  get  t«>  us.  TUe 
rowers  wercj  daubtlesa,  tnking  It  fair  and 
ei^sy,  tf'jc]  husba'-.ding^  the^,-  BtrcDgtK  for 
lJ*e  fi^fti  pull  drnong  lie  break e  ?s  oa 
tbeir  r^mrn.  At  last^  they  got  aTong- 
lide,  when  began  the  labor  of  letting 
down  the  ship's  f-iJe',  into  the  nnea^^y 
barge  below,  the  luggage  and  the  ladies. 
The  former  was  badly  ihumped,  and  th© 
latter  worse  frightened.  It  t*wk  tbe 
Spmiish  brown  out  of  a  good  tnao^ 
ch^ka, — Qiaking  one  or  two,  in  parti- 
otilar.^  as  white  as  if  they  bad  beea  washed 
in  good  soap  and  water. 

Everything,  at  last,  was  tumbled  into 
ibe  buAt,  and  stowed  away,— men, 
woraen^  trunks,  boxes,  bags  and  umbrel- 
last  1  was  so  seated  as  to  hare  one  of 
dio  latter  artiolen^  belonging  ti>  a  very 
cervons  oative,  playing,  at.  intervals,  the 
anniflini^  part  of  a  catapult  against  iny 
HjL'bt  flnnk.  But  to  dial  met  my  attention 
from  thesie  attacfc*,  I  had»  on  the  Ride 
nearest  my  heart,  the  mo-^t  graceful  litrlo 
Yalenclana  I  erer  eamo  in  contact  with. 
At  the  vary  first  pitcli  of  the  boat,  after 
leaving  ihe  staamer,  she  began  to  cling 
to  me  as  for  dear  life.  Another  pitch — 
and  if  it  had  been  for  dear  love,  «he 
could  not  have  grasped  my  arm  lighter. 
One  more- — ^O,  frailty,  thy  name  is 
wotnan^— tlie  left  leg  of  my  trousers  was 
^  ruined  forever  t  Cloak,  trousers,  and  boot, 
ail  dt^luged  by  a  c>ascade  from  lips  which, 
a  moment  before,  seemed  to  have  been 
made  only  for  kissing  t  My  interest  in  a 
dnnisel^  the  loveliest  in  a  land  where  all 
are  fair,  in  an  instant  of  time  completely 
*'  swamped  ;'*  and  my  left  kg  worse  than 
water-logged  1 

It  i^  said  to  be  one  of  the  virtues  of  a 
travelled  man  to  take  things  as  they  come. 
So  did  I  take  thiii.     Had  all  iny  bes-t  china 
ware  oome  do  wn  at  a  crash  J  could  not  have 
received  the  shock  with  more  mng/rmd. 
The  mo^t  crirical   observer   would  not 
have  knitwn,  by  any  twitch  of  my  face- 
muscles,  that  thf^  avalanche  of  Sf»  great  a 
misfortune  had  fallen  npon  me,     I  knew 
that  my  lett  trtmsera  leg  wa^  ineviriibly 
ruined^  bnt  1  made  no  hign*     1  simply 
Ihi^ld  rayai^lf    ihe   firfiier   np   under   the 
I  weight  of  the  leaning  beauty,  who  was 
I  tliGs  making  me  the  recipient  of  a  ^^hower 
I  of  favors  I  had  not  aitiidted.     However, 
Isome  little  relief  was  destined  to  ocmie 
pspeodily* 

The  barge  was  now  n earing  tlie  shore. 
We  were  getting  int^j  the  breakers. 
^'PnlJ,  boys,  pnJir^  cried  half  a  dozen 
belmstnen,  at  oftoe.  **Now  indeed  b  yeur 


time, — the  roaring  wave  ii  close  Bpon  ' 
us,— another  instant,  and    we  shall  lUl  j 
be  whehncd  in  the  deep.     Pull  right! 
p  .11  left !  pT  il,  for  the  love  '/f  Of  J,  poU  1**  \ 

Wo  escfped.  Jnfi  \\\t  curing  yre&t 
of  tlie  heavy  billow  broke  over  the  boai^s 
stern,  as  Tarn  O'Shanter^s  mare  saved  her- 
self from  the  carlin  with  loss  of  her  laiL 

Bnt  it  was  in  Ui©  stern  that  I  8at  with 
my  fair  burden ;  andj  as  the  go*id  sea- 
nyraph  would  have  it^  there  wa&  snffi- 
oient  brine  thrown  over  me  to  wasli  w^ll 
my  soiled  garments.  I  had,  in  faet|  ft 
lapful  of  it,  Bnt  1  never  in  my  life  was 
nnore  in  need  of  a  ducking;  and  took  It, 
nnder  the  dreumstancesi  fts  a  special 
favor  of  the  naiad  charged  with  doing 
the  washing  of  the  Mediterranean, 

Safe,  at  length,  from  the  perils  of  the 
sea,  and  the  perils  of  beauty,  1  set  iriy 
fiiot  on  the  Valencian  shore,  a  grateful,  i 
thongh  thoroughly  drenchctl  nran.     Toj 
tell  the  truth,  I  planted  my  foot  on  th«i  j 
Urra  raliaii€  Vf\lh  something  analog^ioij 
to  a  sliirer.    There  was  no  help  fur  nje*f 
At  least,  til  ere  was  none  on  the  beacJi  J 
where  I  had  to  fight  my  way  through  th#l 
ranks  of  almost  as  bad  a  set  of  beggar 
as  those  who  made  the  attack  on  tne  at 
the  port  of  Barcelona.    But  tbk  time,  f 
contended  with  the  desjieration  of  a  man 
having  his  lap  full  of  C'dd  sea-waton     I 
put  the  whole  legion  to  route  w*irh  dim- 
ply my  umbrella ;  and  pitching  into  th© 
first  cart  which  offered  iteelf,  I  cried  oat 
to  the  cocliero  to  let  loc^e  his  leader. 

Vain  attempt  to  hniTy  a  nati re-bom i 
Iberian  I     £Jl  gne  se  apremtra  »n  m  it  ere ; 
y  el  que  no^  tam  him.     Beside**!,  the  road'] 
which  led  to  the  city  wa*  so  shockingly! 
bad,  and  the  cart  in  whiclt  I  was  con- ' 
veyed  thither  so    deatitirto    of  springs, 
that  to  drive  at  any  other  pace  than  a 
%vntk.  would  have  been  prc*bable  denth 
both  to  horse  and  passenger.     Yet,  the 
stranger  is  Uild  that  thi?<  is  tlie  favorite 
inmnier-promenade    of  the  fnsliitvn    of 
Vatencia.     Everybody,  tlien,  goes  to  the 
Grao,  to  bathe  in  the  blae,  n^iw    mnd- 
colored,  waters  of  llie  sen.     The  ladles 
bold  their  court  in  tlie  pelhjcld   waves ( 
and  a  revelry  is  kept  up  in  the  oooling 
element  equal  to  nny  gambol  Sing  o!"  i,|m* 
ancient  nt^mdli^  and  Bea*jjtMl?«.     Bnt  my 
ca£^  V :  ■<{.     My  bath  had   heeit] 

an  Invu  ;  lue^  and  had  been  taken 
at  an  altogether  too  low  a  teitipiTature 
to  be  agret^Ljle.  As  I  aat  in  my  can, 
wet  and  dripping^  the  whv  aeemm  to  me 
anything  bnt  a  pi (^A^ore-tirive ;  and  hs  I 
passed  ihrongh  the  giite^  f*f  tht*  bca«*6a 
of  the  MooT^  m^'  bon^  shook  lik^  thorn 


1854.] 


Oonu  d€  BspafSa. 


521 


of  ft  poor  soul  entering  ft  poUr  pnmtory. 
What  bftppeoed  to  Cmat,  ^^  when  he  was 
in  Spun,*'  happened  likewise  U>  me. 

••  lit  era*  IIUi  fod  did  iluikfl. 

The  Fonda  del  did  received  and  re- 
stored me.  No  blazing  fire,  indeed,  wel- 
comed me  to  a  hospitable  hearth;  nor 
any  register  let  in  upon  me  a  drying 
sammer  gale.  Bat  a  simple  change  of 
raiment  set  menp;  and  a  Spanish  din- 
ner, washed  down  by  a  bottle  of  French 
wine,  made  me  as  brave  as  the  Cid,  and 
twice  as  merry.  I  retired  tiiat  night  as 
good-natnred  a  man  as  if  I  had  not  been 
dipped  in  cold  sea-water  in  the  conrse  of 
tM  morning;  and  lay  cheerfully  down 
to  dream  of  the  gorgeous  days  when  the 
Moor  here  held  hb  gilded  oonrt,  mid 
flowers  and  fountains,  and  finally  paued 
hence  by  an  easy  transit  to  the  houri$ 
who  beckoned  to  him  from  tlie  walls  of 
their  overhanging  heaven.  ^*For,"  saith 
Uie  record,  ^^  the  Moors  did  locate  their 
Flvadise  on  the  Valencian  shore,  which 
was  a  fragment  Men  from  the  Paradise 
In  the  sky.*" 


znzi. 


THE  nnXBTA.  Aim  TIIS  A.LAMIDA. 

Glouous  dawn  after  showers !  Now, 
as  I  awoke  for  the  first  time  in  Valencia, 
the  rising  sun  streamed  in  at  my  eastern 
windows,  gilding  whatever  it  touched, 
and  lighting  up  with  the  full  blaze  of  the 
southern  morning,  both  house  and  town. 
On  my  balcony  of  flowers,  the  rose  leaves 
and  the  carnation  cups  were  hung  with 
drops  as  with  diamonds.  The  fresh  air 
bad  the  sweet  perfrime  of  orange  orchards 
and  mountain  violets.  The  finnatnent 
was  trnnmrent  azure.  It  was  my  wel- 
come to  Valencia  by  the  houris^  returned 
in  the  chariot  of  the  rising  sun,  from  the 
dbtant  skies,  whither  they  had  gone  to  a 
revel  on  the  day  of  my  arrival. 

Though  not  given  to  steeple-chasing, 
I  went,  without  loss  of  time,  to  the  top 
of  tlie  Cathedral,  to  get  a  view  of  the 
town  and  surrounding  country.  Imagine 
ft  large,  semicircular  plain,  the  circumfe- 
rence of  which  is  hedged  in  by  moun- 
tains, and  the  diameter  formed  by  the 
sea.  A  radius  drawn  from  tlie  town  to 
the  mountains  would  be  frx>m  fifteen  to 
twenty  miles  in  length,  while  the  dis- 
tance to  the  shore  is  from  two  to  three. 
Yalendft,  accordingly,  is  situated  in  an 

TOL.  XT.— «4 


immense  level  garden,  or  huerta^  shel- 
tered on  the  north  and  west  by  a  moun- 
tain range,  and  having  a  southeastern 
exposure  to  tlie  Mediterranean.  This 
whole  hncrta  is  irrigated  by  a  network 
of  canals,  which  are  connected  with  the 
upper  rorings  and  torrents, — the  work 
of  the  Moors.  Hereby,  every  foot  of 
land  is  supplied  with  abundant  moisture, 
and,  being  acted  upon  by  the  rays  of  an 
almost  tropical  sun,  scarcely  yields  in 
productivenew  to  the  banks  of  the  Nile. 
When  I  saw  the  huerta,  it  being  in  early 
spring,  a  large  proportion  of  that  part  of 
it  lying  in  the  immediate  neigliborhood 
of  the  town,  was  waving  witli  deep  green 
wheat,  about  two  feet  in  height.  No 
fences  divided  the  fields,  but  simplv  rows 
of  mulberry  and  olive  trees,  with  here 
and  there  a  rose  or  cactus  hedge.  The 
straight,  tapering  stems  of  the  |Mdm  tree, 
towered  up  out  of  many  isolated  groves, 
and  hung  out  their  tufled  crowns  over 
the  city  walls.  VilUs,  villages  and 
towns,  were  thickly  scattered  over  the 
plain ;  while,  at  the  southern  extremity, 
stretched  out  the  broad  lake  of  Al- 
bnfera. 

Nor  was  the  citv  itself  lees  picturesque. 
The  fiat  roofSi,  and  the  movement  on  the 
house-top^,  gave  it  an  Oriental  aspect 
Its  gilded  domes  and  minarets,  piercing 
witli  a  hundred  points  the  sky,  showed 
that  it  had  once  been  the  city  of  the 
Moor,  who  had  left  traces  of  hist  taste,  as 
well  as  of  his  bluod,  behind  him.  The 
hum  of  business  was  scarcely  loud  enough 
to  i;jeach  the  oathodralV  top ;  but  chimes 
of  bells,  calling  to  prayer,  rang  sweetly 
out  of  many  a  spire  upon  the  sunny  air. 
Tlie  scene,  couipriziing  town,  plain,  moun- 
tains, and  the  sea — remains  one  of  the 
plessantcst  of  those  daguerreotyped  on 
my  memory  in  Bpain. 

8oon  after  my  descent,  the  clock  struck 
five, — the  himr  for  going  to  the  Alame- 
da. In  Valencia,  the  world  of  fashion 
goes  out  of  town  to  promenade  on  the 
banks  of  the  Turia  every  day  in  tlie  year, 
between  the  hours  of  five  and  six.  A  tar- 
tana  is  awaiting  at  tlie  inn  door,  to  take 
you  tliither.  Indeed,  there  Im  always  one 
waiting  for  you.  Even  after  a  wliole 
morning  spent  in  strolling,  you  will  be 
acooitted  with  the  question.  If  your 
honor  does  not  wish  fur  a  tartanaf  In 
otlier  countries,  one  is  solicited  to  take  a 
coach  on  going  out  of  his  hotel ;  here, 
when  comiuff  into  it.  For  the  prome- 
nade to  the  Turia  you  accept  the  tarta- 
UL  for  it  is  not  tlie  t^n  to  go  on  foot. 
All  the  gentle  fdka  of  VtlftnAVkkMi^^ 


BM 


Cosas  de  Sspana. 


[Nor. 


riiffOB  for  the  afternoon  airing,  and  all 
of  ttiis  particalar  speoiee. 

Bnt  what,  praj,  is  a  tartana  ?  It  is  no 
more  nor  less  than  a  covered,  two- 
wheeled  cart.  Withont  springs,  or  with 
bnt  apologies  for  tliem,  with  a  polished 
leather  top,  a  seat  on  either  side,  a  win- 
dow in  front,  and  a  door  behind,  it  is  the 
araba  of  the  Orientals ;  or,  if  you  will,  an 
onmibos  on  two  wheels,  loss  the  side  win- 
dows. No  vehicle  can  well  be  couceived 
of,  more  ngly  or  inconvenient.  Only 
the  two  perstms  sitting  by  the  front  win- 
dows have  any  chance  of  seeing  or  being 
seen,— excepting  snch  as  may  be  con- 
tented to  sit  by  the  door,  and  survey  the 
world  from  behind.  Of  the  half-a-dozen 
seats,  therefore,  the  two  forward  ones 
are  the  places  of  honor.  Here  are 
always  placed  the  prettiest  and  most  pre- 
sentable ladies  of  the  party.  The  plainer 
or  inferior  personages  occupy  the  plaoes 
next  below ;  and  by  the  door  sit  the  do- 
mestics and  duennas.  In  this  cart  the 
city  belles  promenade  daily  on  the  Ala- 
meda, and  never  at  any  faster  gait  than 
a  walk. 

Bat  the  Valencianos,  if  not  fast,  are 
fair.  Thoy  f>it  half  hid  behind  their  cart 
windows,  and  half  concealed  in  their 
dark  mantillas;  but  they  never  fail  of 
recognizing  all  their  acquaintances,  or  of 
showing  themselves  to  all  their  admirers. 
From  their  convenient  ambush,  they  let 
fly  their  tiny,  but  fatal  shf^,  right  and 
left.  Their  eyes  are  reckoned  among 
the  most  dangerous  in  all  the  Spains. 
They  are,  indeed,  the  fit  portals  of  Love, 
whence  winged  messengers  fly  out,  bear- 
ing invisible  torches  to  inflame  men^s 
heart*.  In  the  terra  ealiente,  hearts 
bum  like  stubble  in  the  fields.  Before  a 
man^s  span  of  life  has  half  run  out,  his 
left  breast  is  like  an  exhausted  crater — a 
mere  receptacle  for  ashes.  Nor  even 
then — at  least,  if  he  comes  to  the  Ala- 
meda— will  the  lovely  cease  from  trou- 
bling him.  They  will  inflame  his  very 
cinders.  Kindled  by  a  spark  from  their 
vestal  orbs,  the  merest  ash-heap  of  a 
bosom  glows  like  a  furnace.  Nor  is 
there  any  relief  in  sighing ;  it  only  blows 
the  fire.  As  for  tears,  they  cannot  be 
shed  in  Spiun — they  are  so  hot,  they 
pass  oir  in  vapors  ere  thoy  get  half  the 
length  of  your  nose.  The  only  effectual 
remedy  I  ever  heard  o^  is  to  run  the 
country,  and  even  that  will  sometimes 
fail. 

Aa  I  was  saying,  the  Alameda  lies  on 
the  banks  of  the  tnria.  In  the  narrow 
streets  of  the  town— -aa  doeely  packed 


as  it  was  in  the  daya  of  the  Moon,  and 
now  oontainins  upwards  oi  a  hundred 
tliousand  inhabitants— there  wonld  be 
no  room  for  the  promenade.  Hence  the 
necessity  for  the  tartanas,  to  take  yon 
through  the  unpaved  streets,  ont  of  the 
gate  of  la  Glorieta,  and  over  the  bridge 
del  Mar.  to  the  pleasant  river^hank. 
Here,  witliin  sight  of  the  picturesque 
towers  of  Valencia's  walls  of  tapia,  yon 
pass  up  and  down  the  long  avenues,  in 
one  of  a  hundred  carriages.  The  wil- 
low's graceful  tresses  droop  by  the  way- 
side ;  the  tall  pine  spreads  over  head  its 
deep  green  foliage;  the  silver  ptiplars 
uncurl  their  leaves  among  the  eariies>tof 
the  spring;  the  bamboo  shoots  up  its 
slender  form ;  and  the  palm,  bearing  on 
its  head  the  glory  of  a  hundred  seasons, 
towers  high  above  all. 

Or,  leaving  your  carriage,  yon  walk 
through  the  beautifhl  grounds  and  gar- 
dens, oetween  rose  and  lemon  hedges^ 
beneath  the  frnit  and  flowers  of  the 
orange  trees,  mid  beds  of  pinks  and  pop- 
pies, mid  geraniums,  cactases,  and 
honeysuckles.  Here,  with  the  setting 
sun  pouring  its  glowing  rays  into  bower 
and  arbor,  gilding  the  city  domes,  turn- 
ing the  mountain  tops  to  purple,  and  the 
sea  to  gold, — ^how  fair  the  scene  of  the 
Yalencian  promenade !  A  walk  in  this 
sylvan  retreat,  is  very  different  from 
going  down  Broadway  a-shopping. 

As  to  this  New  York  alomeda,  it  has 
now  become  to  such  a  degree  a 
thoroughfare  for  business,  that  the  most 
graceful  lady  cannot  pass  along  it  withont 
having  the  air  of  walking  for  a  bargdn. 
With  one  eye  on  the  beaux,  she  has  the 
other  on  the  shop  windows.  She  is  evi- 
dently bent  on  spending  her  pin-money, 
Her  pockets  are  full  of  ribbons ;  and  her 
boddice  is  stuffed — for  aught  yon  know 
— ^with  unpaid  shop-keeper's  bills.  If 
she  posses  you  without  notice,  do  not 
deem  it  a  slight, — she  is  thinking  of  a 
purchase  of  laces.  If  the  smile  of  her 
greeting  wear  not  its  customary  sweet- 
ness— ten  to  one  'tis  not  because  yon 
have  not  called  to  pay  your  respects 
within  the  lost  fortnight,  but  merely  be- 
cause a  bilk  slie  liad  set  her  heart  upon 
has  been  sold  to  another.  A  lady's  ftnob 
in  Broadway  is  no  certain  index  to  the 
state  of  her  affections,  but  is  always  lia- 
ble to  change  its  expression  with  the 
fluctuations  of  the  markets. 

But  the  Yalencian  alameda  has  noth- 
ing of  the  market-plaoe  about  it,  save  ita 
greetings.  The  news  of  the  day  ia  told, 
the  pleaanrea  of  the  eTening  are  agreed 


1054.] 


Cotat  de  ^i^tailtt. 


6M 


¥ 


» 


And  onterUitiniciit  wUhaut  exjicojio. 
Wmila  1  fow'  iiiintJttiM*  dnvt»f  there  iti  a 
pkMaat  ohftnge  of  air.  The  town  i»  left 
Ubtod,  with  itfl  <mrm  md  oonl^ncnient ; 
Will  tb*^  cotiotTY  reooiTcs  you  tu  groVisa 
!  ^ .    Bea  a  li  f iiI  Alatu^Mltt !  wuii  U\ 

11  .r   retroata  coiiUl   h&  plnntiHl 

to  tU^  liiiigbborhorrj  *>f  our  Americiiii 
Uiwrni^  where  a  loA^y  migbt  tiiko  Iwar 
daOy  alHng  wtdioitt  buLng  covi^ri/tl  wiUi 
th#  doBt  of  the  BtreeK  or  hjiving  her 
•wiMiftoi  doodod  with  Gtf««  ^tuucm. 


Ix  Tolendii,  It  b  fontm^  i7  /<t«l  to  po 
td  th«  oock'ph.  Thh  la  a  han^i^opie  lit- 
tJa  theatre  on  th«»  banks  of  the  Ttiria, 
wh€ff<»,  on  two  flays  m  tlio  W6«k^  parti- 
ctdarly  if  they  Imppen  to  be  saint*'  dayi| 
the  vti-an^r  nmy  h»  euivTlMU^  or  ifb* 
eiufted  with  tliifl  v0rT  8|>tiibh  anitii^* 
□lent.  Ciw^k-figUttQg  here  lis  second  only 
to  bntl-fiirhtiog.  to  which  all  thiafi  ar« 
iteofid*  U  osiUiaa  the  bbxnl  hid  ;  and 
y^„..  IK.  ......  w  ...  ^  'f^T  iff  it^^rmthoti^ 

u 

T!i.  •■■ 

I 

i- 

I. 

h 


.,,  I...  L.iimtre  ti  a  larg^pen- 
<^  oUpped  rcNwteiv  are  kept  to 
r  riti^K  otheff  and  all  ooiDem. 
aro  i!et^»emed  the  mt^^^t 
ng  f«d  on  rtwist  boef  and 
ni^,  prtibuhiy.     There  bcinpf 
in  I  he  ri^Jrtt,  the  Brlthher 
-I  t^i  Ikk  any  rucks,  Olirhtian 
'Ufkt  mny  pr^sHtn^  to  crow  nt 
'    'hI  to  beat  the  Gal> 
-<to«ptilbelncrow* 
'    '  '       '  I  use 


,'Qa- 

.u  ta- 
il, 
■^  a 

r\*yAra» 


t 

and  \nftj  v. 
|piii«t  the  htu. 

Tha  ftrocsAs  ^ 
tet  iltnai  wb: 
Imj  whw  ha*   ever  !«*t?ii  a   b*rn*; 

Kfli  im  ffp-it'ntt^l'in,     Tlio  only  differ- 
t^  tho  fiarm-hotiiKs  U 

<1  "Tn*,  T^  lb  me  I  ft  the 

I.  after  tlio 


al- 

The 


wretcb^l  plight  they  have  been  redooed 

to  n-'^  ^-  .  t.p.,,,^ I...  .irona,  taketiawajf 

'W'  V^r*spily  for  them, 

till  dooma^lay^  and  all  S]i:ii  at 

l^ast^  would  rt'tttin  thtir  f'  rjal 

dry!]^-*8.  Sbonld  the  <>onte«it  ln^t  gw>  ititig 
aa  A  *]imrter  of  aa  hunr^  or  inure^  tliere 
will  b©  io  mtjch  the  nuiro  tinier  for  bel- 
ting I  and  at  the  end  of  it  tho  durm  wiJI  b« 
loaded  acTOHB  thy  pit,  fhmi  luscr  to  win* 
ner -,  a*  1 1 1 i ck  an t1  fast  a*  b a lU tou cj*.  Tlie re 
are    '    '  lit,  pitting   in  seau  of 

au  f  tti  all  iiic^j  points.     But 

tbw  v'.i.',j-;m;u  11  *jd  ey#a  of  uie  andieaoa 
rarely  n^ake  a  niiatake,  and  «iuicklv  iJu- 
tect  any  ur  tempt  at  foul  play.  All  ia 
(lone  decoiillv  and  En  order »  Tlie  birdi 
are  either  killed  ontrigbt^  or  are  wjtli- 
drawn  wlien  disabled.  In  a  drawn  ff^una 
they  are  part^nl ;  and  tliey  are  booted  out 
of  the  pit  when  they  decline  taking  part 
in  tlio  fMarformancee,  Tiiie,  however, 
rar%4y  hapfiona.  For  oooka  In  Spain  are 
always  aa  inid  aa  March  barot.  They 
will  tigbt,  and  CTQw^  aa  long  am  tliey  eaa 
iiand^  and  often  raueh  longer  than  they 
can  ace.  Poor  things!  thoir  little  liia 
wai  not  given  them  to  be  tbna  iported 
away;  they  wara  made  to  have  iljelr 
heada  cut  off  at  a  Hit^glu  blow.  But  *tU 
l^jt^u.  f  v,.j,p  H>^ti  fflult-^if  they  will  keep 
aui  tempers ! 

V. :  may  not  fiuioy  gomf  to  th# 

eockllght^  may  go  down  to  tlie  dip  of  fha 
Tiirio,  to  witneaa  the  pigcon-tfu.nsttfig, 
^Tl9  more  hnmane,  and  !»  douo  in  tia 
lbeain^*H  Wikll%  but  In  tht»  often  fa^^e  of 
day.  Of  a  holiday  afternoon,  all  the 
world  i*  tbcrit,  looking  on.  Tha  riTcr"** 
bed  h  dry  and  grawy  ;  for  It  ht  only  at  a 
aeaaon  of  nnnnual  ram^,  that  the  file od of 
monntiiln  torrent  r\u»  sufHtiently  Idgb 
to  fill  iu  bank^.  llere,  below  the  bridga 
del  Mar^  h  a  broad^  open  apace,  wall 
HUitod  i*}  the  game  of  et  iir&  d§  hi  pch 

The  Wrda  are  tlirown  up  into  the  air 
by  tlioir  nvvncr.  .'lud  whoever  baa  a  gun 
an/!  a  ihot  at  tham. 

Tb'  >  privilege  of  fl ring 

fir  '  Uio  advnnta^co  of  a  rmfcition 

n L  I  '  -nTY tT,  pay*  a  fee?  ot  a  pcM>- 

I  a,  pn  I '.  '  1  ot  pro  V  e^  a  a^ncr  ^nn  tnl 

one     1  r  .  h^  \n  a)»o  entitlM  to 

i^jae*  bts  niiirk^  ha 
not  h  inc.     ThLTe- 

a 

'^►lin,     l|»'l>      IJFC     11-^       \,\-\.       Wi"^       UI'-L'V      llHir,     tllilil 

tba  poor  bird  ivithor  fallla  of  gata  awa^. 
If   ktlkd,  it   bdongw  to  the  laoQw^ 


524 


American  DespoHsms. 


[Not. 


marksman,  and  b  brought  in  by  small 
boys,  luded  by  dogs,  whose  sharo  of  the 
sport  is  by  no  means  tlie  least.  As  half- 
a-dozen  gnns  may  be  let  off  the  same 
moment,  there  is  a  jndge  present  to  de- 
cide all  disputed  claims  among  the  sports- 
men. His  interference,  however,  is 
rarely  necessary ;  for  the  boys,  and  even 
the  dogs,  seem  always  to  know,  as  if  by 
instinct,  to  which  one  of  the  guns  belongs 
the  honor  of  the  victory,  and  the  prize. 
Most  birds  which  get  off  ont  of  the  range 
of  the  gnns  in  the  bed  of  the  river,  are 
brought  down  by  the  peasants,  who  lie  in 
wait  under  the  neighboring  trees,  for 
chance  shots,  and  who  are  allowed  to  fire 
at  any  fugitive  coming  within  their 
limits.  Occasionally,  a  fortunate  pigeon 
soars  high  in  the  air,  above  the  reach  of 
all  missiles,  and,  after  describing  a  few 
circles  in  mid-heaven,  shapes  its  course  to 
its  well-remembered  home,  on  some 
house-top  in  the  city.    Tia  so  much  clear 


gain  to  the  owner,  besides  a  life  saved  to 
thepoor  bird. 

This  game  of  pigeon-shooting  is  a  favo- 
rite diversion  with  the  Yalencians.  The 
marksmen  vie  with  each  other  in  show- 
ing their  skill,  and  the  best  shot  carries 
off  a  load  of  popular  honors,  besides  birdi 
enough  to  make  a  stew-pie.  A  holiday, 
at  the  same  time,  is  made  for  hundreds, 
and  even  thousands,  of  spectators;,  who 
cover  the  river-bed,  the  quays,  and  the 
bridges. 

Bo  idle,  so  easily  amused,  are  the 
dwellers  on  these  happy  shores.  With 
trifling  toil,  the  earth  yields  them  its  in- 
crease. Their  wants  are  few  and  simple. 
They  think  not  of  the  morrow.  Gnnt 
them,  then,  but  an  occasional  pigeon- 
shooting  or  a  bull-fight,  a  procession  of 
priests,  or  a  parade  of  soldiers,  the  sight  of 
a  prince,  or  even  of  an  elephant  and  mon- 
kcvs,  and  their  happy,  heedless  hearts, 
will  want  no  more  to  render  life  a  perpe- 
tual merry-making. 


AMERICAN     DESPOTISMS. 


¥E  remember,  in  crossing  the  British 
Channel  once,  that  we  had  taken 
with  us  an  odd  number  of  Punchy  to 
while  away  the  tediousness  of  the  passage. 
On  lauding  at  Boulogne,  it  was  crammed 
into  a  side  pocket,  for  safety,  but  the 
f^endarme,  who  inspected  travellers' 
luggage,  seeing  the  paper,  tore  it  into  a 
thousand  pieces  before  our  face,  looking 
as  fierce  as  a  pandoor  all  the  time,  and 
repeating,  "  U  est  dtfendu^  monsieur  f  it 
is  forbidden  I"  It  seems  that  Punch  had 
been  in  the  habit  of  drawing  a  small 
man  with  a  big  nose,  which  Louis  Napo- 
leon took  for  himself— this  was  before  he 
and  Victoria  shook  hands  and  kissed— 
and  ho  avenged  the  indignity  by  exclud- 
ing Punch  from  the  republic.  Subse- 
quently, on  entering  Vienna,  we  had  a 
London  Morning  Chronicle  sequestered 
in  the  same  manner  because  it  contained 
some  account  of  the  progress  of  Kossuth 
in  the  United  States;  and  a  friend  of 
ours,  not  long  after,  crosjfing  the  Po,  from 
Austrian  Itfuy  into  the  States  of  the 
Church,  had  his  Bible  taken  away, 
though  copies  of  Voltaire^s  Candide,  ana 
Byron^B  Don  Juan,  were  left  untouched 
in  his  carpet-bag. 

These  were  spectmens  of  European 
despotism,  and  we  thanked  God  that  no 


such  petty  interferences  with  the  riffhts 
of  men  were  permitted  in  our  own  dear 
native  laud  beyond  the  sea.  A  man,  we 
said  to  ourselves  proudly,  may  read  what 
he  pleases  there,  never  saying,  "  by  your 
leave,"  to  any  emperor,  priest,  or  catch- 
poll of  them  all.  The  press  is  frecL 
opinion  is  free,  locomotion  is  free ;  and 
the  wayfarer,  though  a  stranger,  may 
think  his  own  thoughta,  say  his  own  say, 
and  be  happy,  or  miserable,  as  he  likes, 
without  let  or  molestation  from  his 
neighbors,  or  the  government.  Hdl 
Columbia  I  we  exclaimed,  in  a  fit  of  pa- 
triotic enthusiasm;  home  of  the  esdle, 
asylum  of  tlie  oppressed,  refuge  of  the 
gagged  and  persecuted,  etc.,  etc.,  etc 
"  Where  the  free  spirit  of  mankind,  at 
length,  throws  its  last  fetters  off;"  where 
a  boundless  field  is  open  for  every  seed 
of  truth  to  germinate ;  where  an  unlimi- 
ted career  is  proffered  to  the  exonrsions 
of  the  mind;  where  no  tyrant,  no  creed, 
no  church  lays  its  heavy  interdict  upon 
the  growth  of  human  thought!  mJ], 
thou  latest  bom  of  Hme ;  micrhty  in  tl^ 
youth;  chainless and  unchained;  "j^toam- 
ing  in  the  blaze  of  sunrise  when  earth  is 
wrapped  in  sloom."  Oh,  mayest  thoa 
long  be  prond  and  worthy  of  thy  glori- 
ous dower  I 


IS$4,] 


American  DeM 


$U 


But  calmer  refloctjon  tAiiKl^t  tis  to 
inonir-^  ftftt*r  &  lirTic,  whether  our  pa- 
I  .iag  th«»  bit  iu  iia  moatphf  wu 

n  x  HWijr  With  our  r^taon.    Is 

a  iruo   tiiftt   th(*ro   La  no  de«p4*tiKiJi  In 
_^fnericaT       Have    we    no    nnUiarides, 
bidi  takti  th«i  04>ntrul  af  opmtofi,  ftnd 
Bttim**  to  !m?  infriTlihle?     xVr^  there  no 
Miftln,  Df»  j*t4f'Cc»niiti* 
r  iiuposo  iTTJufiooa  re* 

»tniiiJt5  11  i  ctiom  of  thouifUt? 

Bflvo  wo   .  ..h1   tho    **plrit   and 

bit  of  ptM^LCiiriJU  Ahing  wi*.h  iU  Otit^ 
rifd  KyiuboU,  tlii^  rack,  the  »tak%  tho 
"ttnj^eon,  atid  this  prbou-honse  I  W« 
8w«rvd  oaraelved  tn  Ihla  wlmi  We  do 
»r,  it  mu&l  be  coTif«s6id|  resort  t<i  the 
oompnUury  maUicMis  ogaioat  the 
DiAxi  nndermtandtttga,  ai  oStaiued  m 
furnier  ag«^  tnd  tttill  obtatuft  m  aome 
w*imtri««ii»  We  da  not  alretch  Ui©  Hmba 
of  men  on  inj»triijnenta  of  torture^  h^ 
caime  thts v  refuiie  U)  ooufortn  to  this  or 
lb«t  etand^rd  in  riM*p(ie%  to  the  luoa  In- 
CQiBpnihtnsible  dojiTniM, — we  do  not  |>il^ 
larjf  otir  poor  De  Foca,  ft>r  the  politicftl 
aifn«  uf  writtQg  caudtdlj  on  publicj  af* 
'lira,  R*iT  impHnoQ  oar  humble  Bunjftiu 
r  firoebdming  the  gospel  In  the  fttnoete ; 
!  do  not  hunr  oar  HtAtf^neia  under  Uie 
M  th«f  do  m  Kaple(><, — we  do  not 
our  tno^t  ilhi!<^tHou§  artl!ftfl  end 
J  heceuse  they  ara  hher&H  to  the 
I  iwftmpa  of  Cayenne^  iw*  they  do  Iti 
Fnuttot^ — lifl  Uiis  must  be  f?onfesicdt  and 
k  munt  M  cntife«d4hj,  too,  that  ihaie  are 
fiobU  sdranti^rM  to  have  achieved  over 
tlie  fplHt  of  intokmnoe.  We  cannot 
loo  MgMy  estimate  their  worth  and 
^otj,  Tmf  are  pHoeiemi  ?letor{ea  woo 
ITeim  the  oM  ernpir^  of  dJifltnefi4  and  m* 
toleraiio«.  Thiiy  lift  u*  into  a  socurily 
iAil  tlr¥ati'»a  w  '  *!-t  for  ever  the 
tnilto  of  awh  J  brood  of  ter^ 

fMRta,  who  tiiAv  ii'^v>  .,,..  nhout  the  rook 
«rf  Our  rvtrvar,  hut  rnnnot  sting  04  to 
Their  fjitij;!!  ar«  oitraetod^  aud  the 
Kbag«,  wiUi  wbtoh  Ibtir  maligiMiit 
are  itill  p«oni<>thm^«  fwolleni  ienre 
iljr   t«   mflk^t  *   when  tJiey 

tod  witli  a  *  !   nnd  iiupotent 


et,  if  ihi*  adFinp^rW^lljfjitrnu  nf  onr 
are  and  v^  >  r  ip- 

{ilkfttioiii  ^  waa 

want  lobe  €iji< 
It  iiima  to  HP, 

fliiii4  txraoDf  k  atUI  ootnpatible 

the  fwiival  taR-^-    -^  •  * -v'  ""^ 

tl«^    Tbero  ar> 

tJkdr  fellovr^, 


«ouK  if  tiiey  do  not  canker  their  bodies. 
There  ere  ujfiut4tioni  of  obU>rpiy  and 
hatrtsd  which  Hocceed  to  the  inqoibisbiyi 
of  ttie  fag^Jt  and  flanie*  The* re  iM  a 
moral  Coventry  ahoost  »  hamUiatiofi 
and  oppressive  ns  the  fitern  t^Ittiule  of 
the  dutigi^on.  The  spirit  of  bigotry  may 
enrv'ive  thu  doi^t ruction  of  Itt  csarnal 
weapons;  de*^  pot  ism  may  retain  it*i  in- 
stincts^ and  give  vigoroai  aigna  of  vita- 
lity^  long  afior  the  *word  shall  have 
tieen  wn>ru'ht'd  from  its  grasp;  and  the 
I! res  will  burn  in  the  eyes  of  bigotry 
wht-n  they  iiHve  alreiwlj  ceased  to  burn 
upun  \U  hlifirA.  For  what  Is  the  eaaeft* 
tial  and  dj?<tinctive  diaraoterhtio  of  ^m- 
piiU^m?  Not  i^  outward  iuNtrQm«ll^ 
— its  Baatil^^  ita  ^bbetsi  iti«  bayonets, 
ite  knouU,  and  \u  thunib-scir^wa.^ 
but  ita  animating  pnrpoBe,  It  h  Uie  dii* 
position  lc»  tnppreas  the  free  fortnatiou 
and  publication  of  opinion,  by  other 
meana  than  tho^e  by  whieh  tlte  mind  U 
logically  moved ^ — by  other  mSnencet 
than  motlv«^  addressed  to  the  under- 
ttAnding,  the  reason,  and  the  belter  feel- 
tng*  of  the  be«t.  Wherever  a  maa*a 
broad  i<  taken  away  bccanae  be  votee 
with  tbia  party  or  that,  wherever  be  h 
denonaoed  to  pubho  odium  beoiuae  of  the 
heterodoxy  of  bis  honeat  aentiments^ 
whereTer  moral  turpitude  is  ttiiputed 
to  him  on  aooount  of  bb  t^i^ecuUtire 
errori,  whereTer  he  is  In  terror  of  the 
rooh  on  any  aecotint — ^wlicrever  the  In- 
yeterao^  of  rmblicpr^udice  com^K^bi  him 
to  remain  eileut  allogetber,  or  to  live  a 
life  of  perpetual  hypocritj,  wherever 
hia  flinoere  oonvietioci  ean  aot  be  dia- 
elotsed  and  promnlged  for  fear  of  perM>nal 
diseomSlure  and  annoyance,  wherever 
eren  a  limit  ia  1i;xed  to  tlie  progrts&i  of 
reaearobi  there  daifM»ti4n)  doitriiiheii,  with 
more  or  1ee»  atreugtli, — an  J  oidy  neetla 
the  ooncnrrence  of  <<irctuiTiiiauci?a  to  be 
Doraed  Into  muaeukr  vloleui^e  anil  fury. 
Now,  aa  wf*  Luv.-  Hnid,  It  see  ma  to  ui 
that,  tried  li  ,  we  bare  deapot- 

Uiiii  in  ihe  i  4tef^  Ju^it  aa  uiajr 

have  elMwhei^  and,  that  wi tit  fdl  otir 
advanooi  in  liberality  of  which  ^v«i]niiily 
bodiitt  we  come  abort  In  practice  of  tlie 
brilliant  ids'*!  of  oar  iniUtntiocit.  We 
have  ntkt  atfajtied  t^i  a  getiuine  and  unt^ 
verbal  lilii^rtv^^ww  wjli  not  nsif  tois* 
•  ^         ■    '       .od 

^ud 


52G 


American  Detpotims. 


{Nov. 


ourselves  with  needless  barriers,  we 
build  walls  of  separatiou  between  oor- 
sc'lvos  and  the  p-eat  realms  of  intelli- 
gence yet  unexplored^  and  we  paralyze 
those  intellectual  energies  which  are 
our  only  instruments  for  exploring  them, 
the  only  tools  for  working  the  golden 
mines  of  truth. 

In  the  first  place,  we  cannot  but  con- 
f'ldcr  a  large  number  of  our  ecclesiastioal 
organizations  as  so  many  restraints  upon 
the  freedom  of  the  mind.  Founded  upon 
creeds  which  admit  of  no  possibility  of 
trutli  beyond  their  own  formulas,  they 
discourage  inquiry  in   the  largest  and 
most  important  domains  of  thought.  We 
agree  with  Kant,  the  great  German  philo- 
sopher, who,  in  one  of  his  valuable  minor 
writings,  di;»cussing  the  (jnestion  whether 
any  association  is  justified  in  binding 
itself  to  certain  immutable  articles  of 
faith,  in  order  to  exercise  a  perpetual 
and  supremo  guardianship  over  its  mem- 
bers, and  indirectly  through  tliem  over 
the  i)eople,  contends  that  a  compact  of 
this  kind,  entered  into,  not  as  a  simple 
bond  of  union  for  the  interchange  of 
common  sentiments,  but  with  a  view  to 
conclude  the  human  race  from  further 
cnliirhtenment,  is  a  crime  against  hu- 
manity, whose  highest  destination  con- 
sists emphatically  in    intellectual   pro- 
gress.    "  A  combination,"  says  he,  "  to 
maintain  an  unalterable  religious  system, 
which  no  man  is  permitted  to  call  in 
doubt,  would,  even  for  the  term  of  one 
man^s  life,  be  wholly  intolerable.      It 
would  be,  as  it  were,  to  blot  out  one 
generation  in  tlie  progress  of  the  human 
species  towards  a  better  condition ;   to 
render  it  barren  and  hence  noxious  to 
p(^sterity."      This  conduct,  in  the  reli- 
gious world,  proceeds  upon  the  assump- 
tion that  our  knowledge  of  divine  things 
cannot  advance  like  our  knowledge  of 
natural  things :  that  the  first  investiga- 
tors of  the  Scriptures  exhausted  their 
contents,  and  that  nothing  is  left  for 
those  that    come  after    them,  but,  as 
Johnson  says  of  the  followers  of  Shakes- 
peare, to  new-name  their  characters  and 
repeat  their  phrases.       But  does  tliis 
view    do  justice  to  the  ^ncred  word? 
Granting  that  its  leading  principles  may 
be  easily  discerned, — a  tiling  difficult  to 
grant  in  the  face  of  two  hundred  con- 
flicting sects,  each   of  which  finds  its 
support  and   nutriment    in    the  same 
pages ;  for,  as  Sir  William  Hamilton  is 
pond  of  quoting, 


Mmii  if  the  book  where  each  hie  dogma  eeeki. 
And  this  the  book  where  each  hie  dogma  tniig^ 

— we  must  still  suppose,  that  a  revelation 
from  the  Infinite  will  contain  infinite 
resources  of  truth.    Neither  its  alleged 
origin,  which  is  from  the  perfect  God, 
nor  its  alleged  destiny,  which  is  the  final 
redemption  of  nuinkind  fh>m  error,  will 
allow  us  for  ft  moment  to  treat  it  as 
an  ordinary  message,  soon  told  and  as 
speedily  comprehended.     It  most  con- 
ceal inexhaustible  riches,  or  not  be  what 
it  purports ;  while  to  suppose  it  to  be 
what  it  purports,  and  yet  to  attempt  to 
inclose  its  treasures  in  the  flrail  and 
rickety  caskets  of  words  which  men 
devise,  is  an  enterprise  for  pouring  the 
ocean  into  a  quart-pot,  or  for  bottling 
the  air  of  Uie  whole  heavens  in  one's 
private  cellar.    Nor  is  the  attempt  less 
pernicious  than  it  is  absurd :  for  it  erects 
each  little   conastory  into  a  separate 
popedom,  issuing  its   in&llible  deorees 
and  denouncing   its  interdicts  with  all 
the  arrogance  of  its  Roman  prototype. 
As  an  inevitable  consequence,  two  things 
result  Justly,  that  the  supreme  oontrol 
of  the  religions   sentiment  of  nations 
fiillsinto  the  hands  of  the  priesthood, 
who  are  conservative  by  position  ana 
training, — ^and,  secondly,  that  the  ener- 
gies of  the  churches  are  absorbed  in  con- 
troversy or  sectarian  propagation,  at  the 
expense  of  a  free  and  earnest  inquiiy 
after  new  truth,  and  the  culture  of  ge- 
nial hopeful  feehngs.    The  history  of  onr 
American  sects,  for  instance,  is  an  almost 
unbroken  record  of  fierce  and  bigoted 
disputes.    New  England  has  been  a  kind 
of  theologicid  Golgotha,  and  the  fields 
are  covered  with  battered  skulls.    The 
clergy  have  been  the  ruling  powers,  too, 
not  only  there  but  everywhere ;  and  the 
people  have  dared  to  laugh  only  with 
the  consent  of  the  deacons.     ^.Ye  are 
aware  that  this  aspect  of  things  has  ma- 
terially changed  of  late  years;  we  know, 
also,  what  inappreciable   services  the 
churches  have    otherwise  rendered  to 
society ;  but  we  must  not  forget,  in  the 
midst  of  our  ready  gratitude  for  these, 
how  many  of  them  by  means  of  thdr 
creeds,  and  the  terrors  of  their  excom- 
munications, as  well  as  the  power  of 
their  social  influences, — still  hang  as  an 
incubus  upon  the  minds  and  oonsdenoes 
of  their  adherents.      Nor  upon  them 
alone,  but  many  others — even  those  who 
do  not  professedly  wear   thehr  colon. 
They  too  often  terrify  the  ardent  refor- 


*  *  Hie  liber  eet  In  quo  qaartt  loa  dogmata  qaieqM 
iBVenit,  et  pariter  dogmata  qalvqae  ■oa.'* 


1W4.1 


/€9J^ff9ff^„ 


nttr.  w^am  bn.  ^^ 

5' tk^  mikpn  of  *  i\'9\ 

•Jt4iu  oft«ti  &r  I  of 

r^v  !  rmtu  Uic  UAVL'b  of  the 

CL  *ni3  foiiiitiiiii  of  u*«  ;— 

'  .  .  on 

My 

IbrWaitl  Ituder  the  ^ver-Itviiiff  misi^rrtt- 
tloflki  of  fto|ifl  ami  fri>^Jiini.  li  itt  Kiiid 
tllSl  Justin  inn  ^  whoii  tie  hnd  ci>m^!etiid 
dbo  o^mpibtHKi  of  hh  fn^tittite^  issnod 

#  dtcre«  tbat  no  comment  shotild  bo 
wtitun  upon  them,  nvhiuh  aiiii«<]  at 
miiP»  tliftn  A  Bkctch  of  tlieif  ec>nt«itt«  or 

•  ttma^iiptirm  nf  itit^ir  titj**i; — wel!^  the 


btftfilltil  er; 
llllAri9h«4tu 


till*  ImpeHiil  Ilftd 
tJn^v    fFnp*w*?    on 

■  nU- 
i>f 

•1  tftit  of  tlio  UR-a* 

....      .v.,     1,^^^ 


I 


lamd,  ft  li  teftfoftlj  toe  muck  to  n^y,  ap* 
iifii|it tali  1117  die  Tnjiin^  (ffWirAhi>iin^  where 
^  uf  U\s 

t'v  leiwh 
tij  iiit  n  jiinirfo  one, 
thdr  clubs  &iA  Wtile' 
4  of  all  who  would  t^- 

and  the 
■  cry  ili»- 
>  Dv  i»J J. jii, — H  haoiJ«d 
tittif  contempt  Now^ 
miim  cuftucti  initU  ha^  111  vucb  a  litibbub 
it  b  ii««4kM  t0  ta^. 

MiruiM  tfvf  ii«fpi>tic  poweTt  in  tho  <^)t)dii<^t 
of  poUHoal  |iirtj«A,  botli  \n  t^^^v^-n  m  tJio 
vfoiinee^  And  MttcmtA  of  ^  <  tSa^ 

and  tbi  fdendoM  pfOMtri;  itioh 

their   Hctiirieii.    Thi'   lonncr  \\ 


btOdn 

thrir 

more  T 

I' 
»« ' 

<3^ 


liirbftptv  ttut  t^J  be  aroliic!  in  the  pr<s*«JOt 

Impeet^i  Btftt«  of 


nt,  and 
wholly 
'   in 


lii'll 

A  funds* 

f^ji^  ma- 


tfjt-o  power.     Tli<*r  A 

w  f ) S cL  sncri flee  a  Ij  > .  ^' li 

tvotj  time  a  dc»w  prixic*.*  ii^soeiiilij  tUd 
thmoe;  but  th^n  tlicj  eonftr***  ihr*  im- 
molation hi  th€  Icftdejs  .  <*- 
m\m;  our  whig*  nnil  ^a 
iHiicHmmiiting  ihim  ih*  i^a 
occAoioti    of    I  heir    r^I  t, 

the  'f* 

LIk-  ^,Lo 

fliici  messtmg^r  ir 

own  *i*;l.     A  if 

oj^eoed,  and  '  ro 

parcelled  out  ^  y, 

which  ftlmn^t  r- 

|M?lrMt'»!^  of  f  ug 

of  i  .,v4.     It  i5  im  iii- 

J»i>'  \  works  thy  iisaal 

ofl^-  <tei^rr&(lt»t  the  oha- 

riti'  ifiiodiriitirediKh 

hg  »..,.* .1,1^ 

for  -.f 

office,     I  Lice  it 

^^t^n;;tTt\-  :-^  .      ..   iJg     tilt 

ricinl  ciigibiiu)%  it  plmm  la 
lo^n  of  oorrtipting  and  per- 
nitiioua  vxatnpli*,  and  by  rvliLxiitg  ihd 
tone  of  public  controversy,  \i  lokfia  and 
und«irtiiiii€9  tlte  pdrate  Integrity  of  th« 
people.  No  aenrloe  whioh  governmectt 
renders  to  society  m  more  impurtacl 
tliaii  lift  infltienec  it^  prunerviog  a  ftOQMOr 
the  g^Deral  good  m  iupcnor  to  tiidiri- 
dual  intereata.  Indeed^  Ihta  muf  be  rt- 
garded  ai  one  of  ita  ifDest  ftitiotlotid^ — the 
cidacAtion  of  the  tna^^ee^  into  a  pereep' 
tion  of  the  supremacy  of  tlie  gt^n^nil 
orer  pArilouUr  uiida.     Our  tiaiurrd  tin* 

pill«ir!«,   nur  fjisrnU'    tit--".   OfjT    Nrn^nhlcwof 

biiv  A*   the 

de^'  whk'h 

on-.-  'i^'r    'i  rith 

m  I     ,  3-.',  if 

that  m\  '  bi'ki]i^  imh 

mateu  h-  i  to  the  pub- 

Hc  good,  li  iuttj  ati  iitteikie 

fttriifirirl**  for  t  lt^hrm*rii  of  ludl- 

'     '  4.nh  of  the  mOit 

.!■  r  ,  '.'U:-  '  ;   'ht'  nuble«tki* 
"     rt- 
cil 
■•f 
fr 
e 
Ic 
n* 
it*l!y 


aolve  #1^^^' 
^rwi  It^ 
war.    ^^ 

narrow 

of  1 1  ' 

oortit.     Agaio  ;    i' 

Ifrent  Atai<Miii«ii  lu 


528 


American  Despotiimi. 


[Not. 


cioos  and  iDdestrnctible  iDheritances  of 
a  nation.  No  matter  how  great  their 
services  in  averting  dangers  from  the 
commonwealth,  or  m  achieving  advan« 
tagcs  for  it,  by  the  direct  exercise  of 
tlieir  facnlties,  these  cannot  be  compared 
with  their  indirect  utility,  in  presenting 
to  the  people  a  high,  manly,  dignified, 
and  heroic  ideal  of  devotion  to  the  pub- 
lic weal.  Their  life-long  abnegation  of 
self;  their  cautions  wisdom  ;  their  mode- 
ration of  temper ;  the  spectacle  of  their 
constant  preference  of  a  broad  and  ulti- 
mate gooQ  to  local  expedients  and  tem- 
poriU  triumphs,  habituate  the  general 
mind  to  the  contemplation  of  lofty  ends, 
and  models  of  excellence  in  conduct. 
Thup,  the  characters  of  Washington,  of 
Franklin,  of  Marshall,  of  Madison,  etc., 
are  infinitely  more  valuable  to  us  Ameri- 
cans than  the  immediate  cfifeots  of  any 
battles  they  may  have  won  in  the  field,  or 
the  forum,  because  they  have  filled  our 
histories  with  pictures  of  a  disinterested 
virtue.  But  are  such  characters  possible 
in  public  life,  when  Uiat  life  is  no  longer 
a  contest  of  great  minds  for  great  ends, 
but  A  pot-house  squabble — when  the  des- 
potism of  party  machinery  exclud^  from 
public  service  every  man  who  is  not 
sufticiently  base  to  stoop  to  its  arts,  and 
to  roll  in  its  ordqre  ?  Do  we  not,  by  our 
party  intolerance,  by  the  proscriptions 
which  tread  upon  the  heels  of  every  suc- 
cess, rob  the  community  of  a  twofold 
guaranty  of  its  progress,  of  the  services 
of  its  best  men,  and  of  a  high  moral  tone 
of  public  sentiment  ? 

But  this  leads  us  to  the  third  species 
of  despotism  which  we  think  it  impor- 
tant to  note,  and  which,  instigated  by 
the  bad  examples  of  both  church  and 
state,  may  be  described  as  that  of  popu- 
lar opinion.  We  do  not  agree  with 
those  foreign  writers  who  represent  the 
tyranny  of  the  majority  in  tnis  country 
as  absolutely  terrific :  they  have  exagge- 
rated its  effects ;  but  their  criticisms  are 
not  without  a  tincture  of  truth.  Oom- 
pared  with  the  older  nations,  there  is  a 
larger  freedom  of  opinion,  on  most  sub- 
jects, in  this  country,  than  anywhere 
else  on  the  globe, — ^bnt,  compared  with 
our  own  standards,  or  the  ideals  of  our 
institutions,  we  are  on  manifold  sub- 
jects lamentably  deficient.  It  is  natural 
in  a  society  whose  stability  depends  as 
much  upon  opinion  as  upon  law,  and 
more  upon  opinion  than  force,  that 
opinion,  like  other  powers,  should  occa- 
sionally play  tiie  despot:  but  what  we 
oomplain  of  is  not  the  habitoal  watch- 


fulness of  the  public  mind  overpnUio 
interest,  and  the  chronic  tendency  to 
rectify  abuses  or  to  avert  evil  by  the 
instant  insurrection  of  opinion,  but  tho 
excessive  resentment  or  that  opinion 
when  provoked.  It  is  that  nnwilling- 
ness  to  be  corrected  which  makes  it 
rather  a  prejudice  than  an  opinion, — 
that  tenacity  with  which  it  clings  lo  its 
customarv  formulas,*— and  the  severity 
with  which  it  often  resists  even  the 
slightest  departures  from  them.  We 
compbsdn  of  it  because  it  erects  the  ma- 
jority into  an  idol,  a  monarch,  a  tyrant, 
and  begets  a  deference  to  it  which  is  al- 
most as  bad  as  any  savage  snperstitioD  or 
loyal  sycophancy.  It  weakens  the  very 
springs  of  character  in  men,  and  then 
lords  it  over  their  weakness  with  an 
irresponsible  violence  and  outrage. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  pro-slavery  sen- 
timent of  this  country  as  it  prevailed  a 
few  years  ago, — how  arbitrary,  ferodons, 
and  overwhelming  it  was  I  Not  merely 
in  the  South,  where  the  vast  interests 
involved  and  the  peace  and  security  of 
society  itself  justify  an  extraordinary 
sensitiveness  towards  aU  impertinent 
interference,  but  throughout  the  nation, 
where  no  such  edgenoies  of  danger  can 
be  dleged.  In  the  most  secluded  dis- 
tricts of  New  England  even,  where  a 
black  slave  was  never  seen,  and  thon- 
sands  of  miles  away  from  where  they 
are,  the  expression  of  anti-slavery  views 
has  been  almost  a  courting  of  martyr- 
dom. The  feeling  dominated  the  chnreh. 
Uie  senate,  the  popular  assembly,  ana 
the  private  saloon.  Let  a  preacher 
plead  the  cause  of  the  negroes,  and  liis 
salary  was  stopped;  let  a  newspaper 
attempt  the  discussion  of  the  suDJeot, 
and  it  lost  its  subscribers;  let  a  repre- 
sentative broach  it  in  Oongress.  and  he 
was  gagged  and  excluded  fi^om  tne  Com- 
mittees, or  politely  invited  to  fight  a 
duel.  Public  meetings  called  to  consider 
it  were  dispersed  by  the  mob ;  petitions 
to  the  Federal  Legislature  asainst  it 
were  indignandy  trampled  under  foot; 
the  United  States  mails  were  feloniously 
invaded  in  its  behalf, — while  the  agents 
of  anti-slavery  societies  were  coated  with 
tar  and  feathers,  or  mutilated,  or  hung 
upon  a  tree.  It  is  true  that  aU  this  has 
been  since  changed,  but  by  means  of 
what  sufferings,  what  struggles,  what 
strenuous  and  long-continued  combats! 
Even  at  this  tame,  the  pro-slavery  senti- 
ment is  so  largely  in  the  ascendant,  that 
no  man  of  the  most  moderate  anti- 
slavery  convictions  can  hold  office  under 


1S04.] 


Ammeof^  IkspoHimi. 


5S0 


ib»  FcikrAl  GoToriiiaeBt^— ihougb  thui 
^rcmmtsii  reprtsenta,  or  oogbt  to  re- 
pf«Mfit|  do;  «  li^tiofi  or  A  locilil J,  bnt 

Do  Tooqu^irille  m&kei  St  fta  ftccojiition 
a^ikit  dimooTillo  eodetUi,  thiit  tiiejr 

tcV  '^    -   ....^..  1....1 . 1    tyranny  far 

tl^  -■'■  smgle  cbflif 

lii**^»,«,.*..-.._^ , .  ....  .......U very  coutru- 

wmwf  kk  ihU  oountry^  to  oar  ^aine  be 
il  Mid,  fofoet  Hfl  to  oanfǤ8  Utat,  in  this 
At  ledut,  hm  remiirkfl  ar^  well 
**  Fetters  miil  beAdsmeo/*  be 
*'  wore  the  coiirM?  iDstrumonta 
wlllalk  UrnnTn'  fonnef'ly  finiiloyM;  but 
th9  chr  f  ouf  nge  hns  refined  the 

mrtM  ot  ,  wfiinh  *;eeuie<J,  haw- 

ever.  Id  be  ^r>cte^l  before; 

tbe  «f eeM«.s  ^1  power  tmye 

d«fii^  a  Yiirjiry  ui  piiyslcAl  mefttis 
nf  opprtiiMloo ;  the  <k!iiJocrj!kt:c  republica 
oC  tlie  piroiciil  day  Imvib  render^  it  m 
eflllrdly  an  aSair  of  ttt^  uunti^  aa  that 
wilJ  wtidi  it  h  int«iidwl  to  «o#roe. 
Under  ibe  absobtt^  fiwaj  of  an  indiridnal 
dai{i04«  Uie  liody  waa  tii tacked  In  order 
lo  mMm  til*  ifioal ;  and  ilie  soul  eeeiped 
IIm  Uow  wbich  were  direoted  i^oil 
%  and  roM  atiperior  to  ilie  attempt;  but 
aoaii  b  not  tbe  ooiir»e  adopted  by  the 
irnwiT  la  deraocmtic  republica;  there 
tM  boo^  ia  left  &«o  aod  tbo  aoul  la  en- 
aUf^tl,  The  aor^eign  smn  no  longer 
•aty^  '^*  VoQ  ihal)  tbiok  aa  I  do  on  pain  of 
dM^^  bat  be  aaja,  **  Yoo  are  free  to 
tyalc  ^ffisreiitly  from  me  i&d  retain 
pmr  lili»  yoor  properly^  and  dl  that  yon 
|i«M»;  but  if  aiieh  be  yonr  detenmna- 
tloOyjiyfi  are  bunc^forth  an  alien  atnougftt 
jrour  people :  jou  mav  rt^iaiti  your  civU 
f\fht^  imt  they  will  be  uaeleaa  to  youj 
Ibr  il  nmvvF  be  ebiieeD  by  yonr 

Ibi  i  Eia,  if  you  aolidt  their  »nWcm- 

ri;  and  Ibi^y  will  EilTeot  lo  aooru  yc»Q 
you  •oUcit  Umr  t^tmm.  You  wiU 
faniain  aakoug  man,  but  you  will  be  de- 
prived of  Ibe  Hgbta  of  tuankind.  Yottr 
ItUovr-^tkena  will  tbun  yon  like  an  im* 
pore  being;  and  thttm  who  ^r«  rtioal 
pefittaded  of  yoirr  'rm- 

don  yoQ  too,  Icsc  iml 

in  Iheir  turn.  «tn  in  jit^ie^^:  i  imre 
fiteoyou  roar  iSfe,  hut  it  i#  aa  cii«Lt«noe 
toooinparayy  woriMf  tbun  doith.''  There 
afe^  bowev«r,  two  faUihciiai  in  tbiv — 
ifvl,  to  iUfipoi^lDg  that  the  auoial  pro- 
wH^on  aJludod  to  could  eubMit  wtth* 
oaii  paaaing  otri*r  into  mnwMikr  Tfokftoe, 
and,  eeoond,  in  the  hi  that  th» 

•oal  ie  kM  hfctJy  t^>  :  <^H«r  to 

moral  thtm  to  phyi%k»l  jj«*rvectitJons^ 
Tbe    axpedenea   of   tbia   oounlry   baa 


rfft 


proved  the  contrary  of  botii.  It  haa 
iliown  fmw  thci  virulence  of  pr^jndioe 
iOOQ  runa  ioto  lyucbinga  and  ifiob-law, 
wbenoo  its  T>eoubar  dangers ;  and  U  baa 
shown,  at  the  same  time,  by  tlie  rcao* 
liona  of  tlift  tjkst  few  ji^ant,  how  ett'^o- 
tivt^ly  ihe  mOttt  ovvrbeaHog  jn{\}iiritic9 
mny  bo  re»i«t«d.  Yet,  aa  wo  havo 
already  aeknowledged,  there  is  a  baaia 
of  truth  in  De  Toequeville^A  animated 
charges,  as  might  bo  amply  demonstrated 
from  the  long,  arrogant,  insulting,  and 
raoooruua  preponderanoe  of  tha  pro- 
slavery  £tentirn«nt. 

But,  tlila  eentimeat  has  grown  out  of 
the  eii&thme  of  shivery  itself,  the  laat 
kind  of  despotiaKi  to  wliich  wo  ahall 
allude.  It  LB  Dtiedkss  to  rvinark  upon 
ita  character  m  mieh,  t>eyond  tlie  atato* 
mant  of  tbn  simple  fact  that  four  nail- 
lion  9  of  human  beinp  are  held  oa  pro- 
perty, a  fact  afittling  that  txdut  wttn  an 
empljasis.  From  its  very  nature,  it  Is  a 
despotism  of  force,  of  law,  and  of  opinion 
ooinbined, — partially  intUgited  In  \^tw^ 
tioe  by  hninaue  personal  eoEialderatioDai 
but  to  theory  abj^olute.  It  i§  admlnlA- 
terod,  for  the  most  part,  by  the  whip;  it 
ia  aanotioned  by  legiahition;  ttsd  it  ad* 
mite  of  no  ecruUny  or  dlaonsdon.  The 
maater  and  iho  alave^  iherefbre.  are 
alike  dominated  by  tbe  aystetD.  All  that 
can  bo  aaid  of  it,  in  the  re^ous  whero  it 
proraita,  even  by  thoee  moat  deeply  In- 
tereat^  in  Iti  rceylta,  muat  bo  stiid  in  Ite 
favor,  on  pmu  of  peremptory  bant^bmeut 
or  aaaaaai nation.  Indeed  the  iUufiiona 
aa  to  Ita  beneita  and  the  aeneittTeneea  aa 
to  its  dangera,  are  both  m  extreme^  that 
many  a  ala beholder  allows  himself  to 
readnob^'V  n.kP  to  hc^ar  any  eonTcirsa- 
tion  in  V  poaiiive,  um^tiatifiod, 

eternal  ri^  I  ited*  What  a  pftiable 

and  Inaane  eitravaganee  t  And,  If  ho 
wene  comlatent,  to  what  a  total  Intelleo^ 
tnal  aoUtudo  wo  old  he  be  reduced,  in  the 
present  aiate  of  the  dvUi^ed  world.  Ue 
would  out  hiionelf  olf  from  all  the  lltera- 
ttirt^and  acfenoe,and  politioa  of  inankitid. 
He  eonld  read  no  maga^iue,  foreign  otr 
donitttie :  tbe  beat  works  of  geniua  would 
be  doead  to  Kim ;  the  InteBtigatlone  of 
acienoe  aeem  infeotioua;  ind  tne  debaftaa 
of  OongreBa  intolerablft.  In  faet  there 
would  he  no  reconme  fbr  tbi  elaM  who 
Inaliiate  tbla  nioiml  qninotloe,  bnt  to 
toOtite  thm  hMit  of  tN  M^gp.  ia  H  ia 
daaoribad  hy  Bfdmf  BsBAlk^  wfa«r«  be 
aaya  tluit  etch  one  aeta  up  Ita  aeparalo 
xdoer,  and  bM  hia  own  private  ponlon  of 
poa.  Out  wonld  eniipoaa  thai  under  tha 
fawmurihiMtitti  of  Ita  eundl- 


m 


580 


American  JDespoiUmi. 


[ho?. 


tion,  and  the  ombarrassing  perplexity 
of  tho  problem  it  id  called  to  Bolve, 
it  would  welcome  ever}*  honest  Bugges- 
tion  Hkcly  to  throw  liglit  apon  the 
case,  and  even  court  tJiat  colli:>ion  of 
o)  tin  ion  out  of  which  the  truth  is  gradu- 
ally struck.  But  it  does  no  such  tiling: 
it  re|H}ls  every  approach  as  an  insolence 
and  an  invasion  of  its  rights:  and 
blindly  surrenders  itself  to  tlio  darkness 
of  fate.  It  is  fortunate  tliat  all  slave- 
holders are  not  of  the  same  temper,  that 
there  are  men  among  them  too  liberal 
and  intelligent  to  fall  into  such  unreason- 
ing bigotry,  who,  on  the  contrary,  study 
with  an  intense  solicitude  tlie  bearings 
of  their  social  structure,  and  eagerly 
seize  upon  every  view  of  it  which  may 
afford  them  hope  for  tlie  future.  It  is 
to  them  that  we  look  for  tho  wise  man- 
agement of  their  fearful  trusts,  and  tiie 
eventual  extinction  of  what  they  must 
confer  to  be  a  most  undesirable  rela- 
tion. They  are  as  yet  sadly  overborne 
by  tho  pressure  of  opinions  instigated  by 
interest^  but  will  soon  acquire  a  t^trength 
which  will  pkce  the  control  of  events 
in  tlieir  hands. 

Now,  in  resiMJct  to  the  several  forms 
of  de>poti8m  which  we  have  briefly  enu- 
merated, we  8hali  not  dwell  uix)n  tlieir 
radical  iuconsistency  witli  the  life  and 
spirit  our  entire  p(»lity ;  for  this  consider- 
ation is  too  obvious  to  require  pressing. 
Nor  U  tliere  any  occasion,  now,  to  show 
the  inherent  weakness  of  any  cause,  or 
position,  which  shrinks  from  the  fullest 
and  fairest  examination.  But  we  can- 
not forbear  remarking  u^xtn  the  deep 
and  abiding  iiyury  which  every  man, 
who  is  unw^illiug  to  bring  his  actions  or 
his  sentiments  to  the  test  of  scrutiny, 
does  to  himself,  and  the  redt  of  mankind, 
lie  sliuts  himselt'  and  society  out  from 
the  only  moans  of  correcting  error  and 
(ittaining  knowledge.  We  know  of  no 
motht)d  of  arriving  at  the  true  relations 
of  a  subject,  but  tiie  frank  and  candid 
discussion  of  it  in  every  aspect.  The 
time  is  past  for  believing  in  the  existence 
of  any  infallible  autliority,  whether  pope 
or  king,  whose  decrees  are  to  be  con«4- 
dered  the  finid  arbitrament  of  trutli. 
There  is  no  class  or  rank  of  men  to 
whom  we  may  look  for  a  fixed  and  irre- 
vocable standard  of  wiiat  it  is  right  to 
think  or  proper  to  do.  Our  individual 
judgments  are  oomracted,  uncertain, 
war|>6d  by  prejudices;  and  the  more 
profoundly  we  have  penetrated  into  the 
complex  problems  of  liiib  which  solioit 
solntioQ,  the  more  familiar  we  become 


with  the  vast  extent  and  rariety  of  hn- 
man  error,  the  more  distrostfal  we  grow 
of  the  authenticity  and  eorrectneas  of  \ 
our  own  decisions.  Yet,  in  the  midst  ot 
the  almost  overwhelming  multiplicity  of 
crude  and  pre|>osterccis  speculations,  in 
the  wild  chaos  of  counicting  beliefii 
which  storm  around  ns,  we  do  discover 
that  the  general  mind  is  slowly  eliminat- 
ing one  truth  after  another;  the  im- 
niensc  laboratory  of  seething  and  fer- 
menting thought  is  ever  turning  up  some 
valuable  and  brilliant  product ;  and  keen 
research  and  grappling  argument  ■ecura 
us  substantial  conquests  from  the  realma 
of  ancient  N iglit.  Discossion — ^free,  open, 
manlv,  patient  discussion — is  the  key 
which  0|>ens  tlie  treasure-chambers  ol 
nature  and  revelation,  and  the  deep  hu- 
man soul.  Like  tlie  cradles  of  the  Cali- 
fornians,  it  sifts  the  golden  metal  from 
the  common  filth  and  dubt.  Summoning 
every  variety  of  intellectual  instramcnta 
to  its  aid,  contemplating  things  iu  all 
their  aspects,  exposing  falsehood,  detect- 
ing fraud,  baffling  selfishness,  overwhelm- 
ing ignorance,  and  rectifying  hallucina- 
tion, it  opens  the  way  for  the  slow  bat 
majestic  and  beneficent  march  of  the 
human  intellect  towards  the  mastery  of 
the  world. 

No  sensible  man  will  now  dispute  the 
gigantic  advances  which  the  civilized 
races  have  made  in  the  variona  depart- 
ments of  mathematical  and  phyucal 
science,  since  they  were  committed  to  the 
hands  of  free  inquirers,  nor  wish  to  re- 
vert to  those  i)olitical  institutions  and 
religious  scruples  by  which  their  pro- 
gross  was  so  long  fettered.  But  it  would 
be  no  less  absurd  to  despair  of  tlie  speedy 
success  of  the  moral  and  |)ohtical  scienoei, 
once  enianci{>ated  from  the  despottsnif 
by  which  they  are  checked.  The  veiy 
triuiiiphs  of  Uie  former  sciences  are  a 
ground  of  hope  for  the  rapid  and  ezteu- 
sive  improvement  of  the  latter,  when 
these  shall  have  adopted  the  methods, 
and  be  prosecuted  in  the  spirit  of  those. 
*^  The  practice  of  rejecting  mere  gratui- 
tous hypothef^"  says  the  able  author  of 
'*The  Letters  of  an  Egyntian  Kafir,"  "ot 
demanding  facts,  of  requiring  every  step 
of  reasoning  to  be  clearly  exhibited,  of 
looking  with  perfect  precision  to  the  use 
of  terms,  of  discarding  rhetorical  iilu- 
sions,  and  mere  phrases,  of  scouting  pre- 
tensions to  infallibility,  or  exemptioD 
from  rigorous  scrutiny,  are  all  required 
as  indispensable  in  physical  research,  but 
cannot  possibly  be  confined  to  the  de- 
partment of  material  philosophy.     They 


Ammcam  Ihspotitftu^ 


ill 


t  OPoanrlly  be  extendi  to  mom!  \n- 

w«r0  touLLiv  iiDiiiiiloxi«d^  t^oejveil  do  di* 
rftd  «XAiniJDAtiCiii,  wort  6lpog«d  to  no 
i!bcsQa«laa  for  even  ft  long  penod,  were 
witbb«14  (If  we  am  ooiiccnvc  it  possible), 
taoi  Ike  vtiqr  UaoQclttA  of  m«ji,  for  balf  s 
r«t  tLe  UiHaeQett  of  phy«Oil 
iiiion    LheiD   oodd  noi,   ill 

llw  mfl,  hi&  '.     AU  tlie  uorf^t 

^iiid|i&t»  oj  gt  ftlt  tiie  improved 

mMlMxb  of  r««iu^cij,  all  tbe  bftblU  of 
on  ASid  diacrimlnatinnf  Ml  the 
eX  imth,  wltiob  tiie  purvnit  of  &o/ 
bat»  n  U'Dd«c»cy  to  c^Ublmli  or 
c^widsr,  ail  tli«  iiniijitk-noefif  vnguenewi 
lOd  obscurity ,  una  itSi^Timption,  which 
UttfiroMeuLiou    '  ^joai 

IfttMfpdrttof  ii>  ini 

tli#  prohibit  H  i^E^  hun^ 

fnr  IkiQA,  i'  :  iiud  been 

vftbbdd  Iru ^  .  '""^^mmk 

MdbolliCif  •odftlor  |r  mr 

V^kliibo  lk«<|i>oi]l  ail;  ihtt 

f«fimf)li   whldi  We  (Mirumetid  u^  all  in 

tli«  adnncM  of  opiiiiua,  on  iirj  frumeot, 
HvilEinilfli  mir  theme* 

Before  quiilixig  it  isntirvlirf  bowtrir, 
be  QB  tfid  til  At  w«  hnvtt  been  dnwn  to 


it  bj  ct 
tlniv  t 

Dity* 


I  thi 

A  leuJmg  of  i«r|ir»» 

Mj^^n  exf»re^»ed  tbut  we 

-  *:^i  V-  rntertAlu- 

tiftidfirft- 

of   the 

XL    .  ^.  -.__  -..reiAiliAt 

;  csfln  n4^)Llier  Jjsfit  iHidied  oar 
MOM  ftvm  tJie  l^tigiwtbig,  nor  haire 
llMoQgUj  4igt*s!^  In  tbeir  own  inlfida 
llMfPofitr  ftlm*  ftucl  dutiei  of  1 6»(*da» 
|i«fkidkA].  It  we«  never  our  lataolloa 
le  iartue  •  tnrrnthly  cxclunivelf  for  Ibi 
111  uo  ftmbftioii  to  jiiiitl* 
a  ti^aiitilJietiuv  of  lore- 

*^iiL^-M>n|;  ver»ee;  ftnd,  tf  we 
Iii4,  wi  iboitld  hftro  di^i^nirod  of  eaoeen 
inld  lb*  briliijiint  iuooeHM*  ttlMidjr 
•^ikr^d  in  tbuL  Jlne^  Hot  w«  bad 
•  of  tbe  YiHttr,  the 
.  the  diftiUj,  ftiiil  the  dMiny 
Mf  ktofttlitro.  OdT  ILoi^ht^  in  «itablliih- 
Inf  Ibfe  tftt  .  a«^  tsMi  fil  ■mi  i% 

tJ«lMlermtui  ili  and  lhi«  a|»r«t- 

I^m  i»f  Cbe  itAiioo  •  mifid,  bot  In  MI<«* 
kitrm  nlosMv  nor  in  ^rt  nloiie,  nor  ta 
■dc«M  ftloQ^,  bat  In  aB  ibuMR,  eomb&iied 
wfib  pokttke  ftud  i^Ug ion.  It  wmm^  k> 
Hi,  Uutt  Ibe  odti  rated  men,  tbe  lltersi^ 


men  of  a  mtioOj  nra  among  iU  hmi  in- 
Btrueton^  Mid  tliiit  lliey  ti^t^bly  dlaoharge 
their  fbnclion,  if  they  are  not  fr«e  to 
titter  tiicir  wbost  tli^^ugbts^  their  moat 
beiLQtiftil  iiii<plriiUtiEi9^  on  erery  flubjeet 
widcb  oonoerns  tbe  inte*reat&,  Uie  svnhlbl- 
litiea,  and  the  hopes  of  our  humanity* 
Whether  tboy  pour  fiirth  their  sense  cjf 
be«uij,  griio^  and  genUenee^  in  HirainA 
of  poi^i  or  eakfg^  o^  knowledge  of 
man  in  aketebe^  of  d-aveli  or  brinff 
nearer  to  na  tbe  0i>uAllea»  eht^nuA  of  our 
kndaeapea  by  natoral  deMeriplions,  or 
help  oi  to  a  oloi^tr  oonoeptioii  of  gn»iit 
citaracterB  in  biograpfaio  oolkaa,  or  lift 
tbe  diNpeeitlon  into  obeerfutneH  amd 
buoyancy  by  oQefuehinge  of  bnmor,  or 
feline  our  views  of  M^  and  bappineea  by 
ideiil  portmitureai  or  snnb  p^retoDMon, 
fttftd  arrtmnoei  mhI  ^y ,  by  oioatie  aatlra, 
«r  iiillbM  tb^  mftgnifioeDl  vlitia  of 
•Qi«DO0,  or  oinvaai  tbe  mov«iniente  of 
pjtlea  and  Ibe  tnensnree  of  gi>vernmeiil 
In  tliebjEbl  of  gr«at general  j^Hnri^.t.^  « 
IbtyttiU  bdoiii  to  llii&  bi^  t- 

iiood,   wboM  piiniitratlonH  ite 

08  from  the  ciire  and  h-  e  oaily 

liie^  wlio  enkindle  in  \i-  <  of  m 

loveliest  thini^  who  reveal  tbe  deptbi 
of  our  spirtU,  afid  ''  wbote  voioee  ooint 
down  &om  the  kin^om  of  God*^*  Bni 
in  order  Vo  the  trne  iDaniic«tadon  of  thla 
emailed  ob&raoter,  a  fre«^  mmim  mmi  \m 
given  lo  tbe  action  of  their  iJ^ifninB ;  and 
aaeb  we  tiust  they  will  ever  ^d  In  tba 
pam  of  UiJM  Montlriy. 

Ilgaft)  imd  thttt  he  onee  ooneeivad 
the  project  of  M3Uieig  np  a  Jonmal,  end 
that  when  bo  applied  to  tbt  fovem- 
meat  Ibr  tbe  neeeeiaiy  pen^K  fmf  a#> 
oepted  hit  lebeme  with  the  warmeet  a^ 
plaone.  ^^  It  will  be  a  capital,  excollent 
ibing,^^  11^4  they;  ^'ond  provided  you 
oaver  Uraob  lipoa  religkti,  nor  poiitiaa, 
nor  pfivato  aode^^  nor  iJm  i&lni  of  Ibt 
mpm%  iod  mbnut  tidi  ankle  to  the 
deeiidop  of  Ibiw  eaama,  it  idiall  r&»m 
onr  beartieii  ooiK^urretieeP 

Wben?up(.fiit  tt'ldii  FigarOi  ^'in^a^ 
thai  iba  beet  name  for  it  would  be  £i 
Jpumai  Inutihy  I  ooncltuled  to  drop 
tlie  enleriM'ba.^^  Am  for  uamdvea,  w% 
have  so  deaife  ki  pcili1i»h  a  *^Qaeliii 
Joomal/*  and  If  we  eanoot  '*iay  ww 
My'"  of  whAt  fa  paaa&fts,  or»  If  we  mnat 
ctiltJvate  the  WondeffiS^  art  by  wbscb 
IKditioiafii  talk  for  a  inDntb  wkhont 
aaying  anylbing,  we  iball  In4tiit«'  tlte 
dteeretion  of  Figaro,  and  baa'  tr 

Aeldi,  and  k«ve  jiaamallatr.  -^ 

who  eidier  havu  no  opinioue  oJ  Uieir 
own,  or  have  the  Amiability  to  aayooe 
tiling  while  they  think  another* 


58S 


[Nor. 


BATHINQ    AND    BODIES. 

▲  DIBBBBTATTON. 

No  fwrnn-Mft  womMn,  nibbed  with  lucid  ollf, 
Tb«  gift  of  *n  ctuuBond  god,  more  &klr.** 

BBOwvnro. 


W£  shall  not  set  ont  from  Damascus 
— we  shall  not  leave  the  Pearl  of 
the  Orient  to  glimmer  through  the  seas 
of  foliage  wherein  it  lies  boned — with- 
out consecrating  a  day  to  the  Bath, 
tliat  material  agent  of  peace  and  good- 
will unto  men.  We  have  bathed  in  the 
Jordan,  like  Naaman,  and  been  made 
clean ;  let  us  now  see  whether  Abana 
and  Pharpar,  rivers  of  Damascus,  are 
bettor  tlian  the  waters  of  Israel. 

The  Bath  is  the  ^*  peculiar  institution^' 
of  the  East  Ooffee  has  become  colo- 
nized in  France  and  America ;  the  Pipe 
is  a  cosmopolite,  and  his  blue,  joyous 
breath  congeals  under  the  Arctic  Circle, 
or  melts  languidly  into  the  soft  air  of  the 
Polynesian  Isles;  but  the  Batli,  that 
sensuous  elysium  which  cradled  the 
dreams  of  Plato,  and  the  visions  of  Zo- 
roaster, and  the  solemn  meditations  of 
Kahomet,  is  only  to  be  found  under  an 
Oriental  sky.  The  naked  natives  of  the 
torrid  zone  are  amphibious;  they  do 
not  bathe,  they  live  in  the  water.  The 
European  and  Anglo-American  wash 
themselves,  and  think  thev  have  bathed ; 
they  shudder  under  cola  showers  and 
perfonn  laborious  antics  with  coarse 
towels.  As  for  the  Hydropathist — the 
Genius  of  the  Bath,  whose  dwelling  is 
in  Damascus,  would  be  convulsed  with 
scornful  laughter,  could  he  behold  that 
aqueous  Diogenes  sitting  in  his  tub,  or 
stretclied  out  in  his  wet  wrappings,  like 
a  sodden  mummy,  in  a  catacomb  of 
blankets  and  feather  beds.  As  the  rose 
\n  tlie  East  has  a  rarer  perfume  than  in 
other  lands,  so  does  the  Batli  bestow  a 
superior  purification  and  impart  a  more 
profound  enjoyment. 

Listen  not  nnto  the  lamentations  of 
travellers,  who  complain  of  the  heat, 
and  the  steam,  and  the  dislocation  of 
their  joints.  They  belong  to  the  stiff- 
necked  generation,  who  resist  the  pro- 
cesses, whereunto  the  Orientfd  yields 
himself  body  and  soul.  He  who  is 
bathed  in  Damascus,  must  be  as  clay  in 
the  hands  of  a  potter.  The  Syrians 
marvel  how  the  Franks  can  walk,  so 
difficult  is  it  to  bend  their  joints.  More- 
over, they  know  the  difference  between 
him  who  comes  to  the  Bath  out  of  a 


mere  idle  curiosity,  and  him  who  hia 
tasted  its  deliglit'and  holds  it  in  due 
honor.  Only  Uie  latter  is  permitted  to 
know  all  its  mysteries.  The  former  is 
carelessly  hurried  through  the  ordinary 
forms  of  bathing,  and,  if  any  traoeof  the 
cockney  remain  in  him,  la  quite  as  Hkely 
to  be  disgusted  as  pleased.  Agatn, 
there  are  many  second  and  third-imto 
baths,  whither  cheating  dragomen  ocm^ 
duct  their  victims,  in  consideration  of  a 
division  of  the  spoils  with  the  batb- 
keeper.  Hence  it  is,  that  the  Bath  has 
received  but  partial  justice  at  the  hands 
of  tourists  in  the  East.  If  any  one 
doubts  this,  let  him  clothe  himseli  with 
Oriental  passiveness  and  rerignation,  go 
to  the  Hamman  el-Ehyate£n,  at  Damas- 
cus, or  the  bath  of  Mahmoud  Pasha,  at 
Constantinople,  and  demand  that  he  be 
perfectly  bathed. 

Come  with  me,  and  I  will  show  yon 
the  mysteries  of  the  perfect  bath.  Here 
is  the  entrance,  a  heavy  Saraceidc  arch, 
opening  upon  the  crowaed  bazaar.  We 
descend  a  few  steps  to  the  marble  pave- 
ment of  a  lofty  octagonal  hall,  lisfated 
by  a  dome.  There  is  a  jet  of  sparkling 
water  in  the  centre,  falling  into  a  heavy 
stone  basin.  A  platform  about  five  feet 
in  height  runs  around  the  hall,  and  on 
this  are  ranged  a  number  of  narrow 
oouohes,  with  their  heads  to  the  wall, 
like  the  pallets  in  a  hospital  ward.  The 
platform  is  covered  with  straw  matting, 
and  from  the  wooden  gallery  wbidi 
rises  above  it  are  suspended  towels, 
with  blue  and  crimson  borders.  The 
master  of  the  bath  receives  us  conrte- 
ously,  and  conducts  us  to  one  of  the 
vacant  couches.  We  kick  off  our  red 
slippers  below,  and  mount  the  steps  to 
the  platform.  Yonder  traveller,  in 
Frank  dress,  who  has  just  entered,  goes 
up  with  his  boots  on,  and  we  know, 
from  that  &ct,  what  sort  of  a  bath  he 
will  get. 

As  the  work  of  disrobing  proceeds,  a 
dark-eyed  boy  appears  with 


dark-eyed  bov  appears  with  a  napkiik 
which  he  holds  before  ns,  ready  to  bina 
it  about  the  waist,  as  soon  as  we  regaiD 
our  primitive  form.  Another  attendsnt 
throws  a  napkin  over  our  shonldera  anA 
wraps  a  third  around  our  head,  tnrban 


Bathing  und  JSpditw, 


iti 


VIM.     I '  '^sU  A  pair  of  wtKxlen 

dogf  op'  L,  aadf  taking  n&  hf 

tluB  irai,  fttu^diijft  our  lotl«rmf  aqiI  ckt- 
todttg  »t«[)<^  ft»  we  paafi  Uirou^h  a  low 
door  ADd  A  warni  &t)ie-« :  '  i  n  to  ih^ 
$tm%  hftll  of  tlio  hmh.  fftlUug 

dimly  tluxiiigh  a  dQ«l«r  uj  uui.a  -i^yM  in 
di#  oofxi^  <>«Uit^,  aHows^  firat,  a  gilver 
ibrwd  of  WAter,  pkjing  in  a  sUtMAny  At- 
moipbm;  Beit,  mme  dark  niotjozil^e 
ol^|«CtA|  atrvtdifld  out  od  a  low  central 
pUt^fin  of  iHArble.  Ttie  Ati^udAul 
ypTjadi  A  linen  aUeet  in  one  of  Uja 
VAMAI  pko«t,  placeA  a  pillow  at  one 
•od,  Ukm  liff  our  dopi«  depo^u  ua 
fioUj  on  cmr  hmk.  Afid  Wv«a  ui.    The 

Sf  e«i}««iit  U  wttTm  oeii«Atli  us,  And  Uie 
Kl  brealli  w#  draw  pvm  110  a  seiiB^  of 
iiiffocaUon.  Bnt  a  bit  of  burning  Aloe- 
wood  hadi  JDSt  b««n  carried  Oirouab  tbo 
itt&i  Aod  uie  slearn  Ia  pemietted  with 
frMTAsod^  Tbe  dArk«e>'«d  bov  Appears 
vA  ft  suirghilob,  which  he  pLacea  be- 
tid* tt%  oieting  the  amber  lAouth-pief^o 
toofirflQbmiittivel5|jf*  The  smoke  we 
fabtk  bftfl  an  odor  of  tqaor  ;  And  as  tbA 
plpo  bnbbka  with  our  broaihiiig,  we 
Im  UiAi  Um  dewt  of  sweAt  gptber 
liMfDy  upon  ui.  The  ittendAui  now 
mtpfi^ftrit  kneele  b^fiide  m,  end  geotlv 
Iwkift  Qi  with  dexteroUA  hAndi,  Al* 
tlyMMb  no  ADAtotutit,  he  knows  ererj 
mama  amI  tinti w  whose ioppleneits  givesi 
atM  to  die  bttd/f  arid  eo  mouldii  and 
iBttikii^lAlci  tboBi  that  we  lo«e  the 
flj^clltj  of  OUT  usoobaiiistn  s.ml  beoome 
tUMUo  In  bb  baud*.  Lie  ttir&t  oa  upon 
cw  Imw,  nf^eate  the  sAnio  proceai  apoa 
l^e  bide,  Aad  lemm  tin  a  little  longer  to 
lia  tJiere  |iAi«iiely,  gUsl^m^g  in  our  own 
d#w. 

We  ATI  tronsed  frmn  a  reTene  About 
ncubittg  bjr  a  dark-brown  ahApe^  who  ro^ 
plaott  lb«  dogw,  puli  hti  Aftn  around  otir 
wftki  And  h^^^U  iw  tiito  An  inner  liall, 
A  tat^k    in  the  oenti^* 

h*  it^  tlio  hritik,  and  we 

'  ttul  eftra  In  tbe  !ierj 
iiid*    '  '  0— we  dt|i    iuto  the 

deOdoiHi  h^ii\^  mM  Iben  ere  led  inlo  a 
iBArble  aleoviA,  and  Mated  Hal  upon  the 
fluer.    Tl»e  aiteu^*  - ' 
and  we  now  i^tv^ 

eaeaetd  in  daik  L —  ^. ..l:  ponn* 

cia  upaa  ao  arm,  which  hu  nibt  until, 
like  a  MfifU^  M'u  'tIrttiL'li  tho  vwtrii-imt 
tkitt,  ar  S> 

ne*#  nr  :  <-d 

r>  U 

to£iic4  U^ih  xhd  A  Uivci-U 

10  the  Haiamfln.  jid  the 


1^    I-,, Li 


non  the 
SInd  ua, 

iiibi  are 


at  tend  ant  will  eitcleim,  as  be  diakea  ont 
bii  hair-gloves :  *'  O  ¥mnk  I  it  is  A  ti»Df 
ti  me  sin  ce  y  o  u  Ij  a ve  httUiifd, "  The  oth  er 
arin  foliowpt,  the  bade,  tlje  br^est,  tbe 
leg«,  until  the  work  is  ooiit]i1et4?«  and  we 
know  predseljr  how  a  hor^  feck  afler 
he  has  b^u  curried, 

Now  tho  AtUndant  turns  two  cooks  at 
tbe  hade  of  the  alcove,  and  holding  a 
bA£in  dtem&tely  under  the  c^hl  and  Ikot 
streaina,  floods  ns  at  first  with  a  fier^f 
daah,  tliat  sen«bj  a  delicious  warm  shiver 
through  every  nerve ;  then,  with  mildor 
applioaiions,  lessen ing  tbe  tem|>erature 
ot  tbe  water  bj  sewi-tonen,  nntil,  £rom 
the  higbeet  ke^  of  heat  which  we  cnn 
bear,  we  glide  raptnronitly  down  tbe 
gazant  until  we  reneh  the  lowest  bass  of 
eootneis.  The  &km  has  bj  tbia  tiuif  at- 
tained an  exquisute  sensihihty,  and  an- 
Awetn  to  these  diangee  of  t<^tnpe^at1ire 
with  thrillti  of  the  purest  ph}Mckl  pleaa- 
ure.  Jn  fact,  the  whole  frame  eaetna 
purged  of  itj  earthy  nature  and  trans- 
ibrmed  into  sometbiug  of  a  Ener  and 
more  ddkato  texture. 

After  a  paufie,  the  attendant  makea 
his  appearanoe  with  a  hirge  wcjoden  howl, 
A  piece  of  soap,  aiid  a  bundi  uf  pdm 
ibree.  He  squats  duwn  b€«ide  the  bowl, 
and  ^^eedi^  oriatei  a  luaiis  of  anowj 
ktber,  whieh  growi  up  to  a  pyramid 
and  topples  over  tlie  evlge.  Beijing  ui 
by  the  erowfi-tuft  of  hair  upou  our  sha- 
ven head,  be  jilants  the  tbamy  bunch  of 
fibres  full  in  our  hce*  The  world  van* 
iabca ;  eight,  bearing,  stnellHr  taste  (nnlo« 
we  o^n  our  inouUi),  and  breathing,  are 
out  o^;  wo  have  become  tiebuloua*  Al- 
thuufch  our  efm  are  sbnt,  we  seem  to  nee 
a  bkiik  whltetiees;  and,  feeUng  nothing 
hut  A  soft  0oeciue^  wo  doubt  whether 
we  be  not  the  Olympian  dond  wbleh 
vidted  lo*  But  thu  cloud  clears  a  war 
before  itrangidaiion  bt^ginii,  and  the  veb 
vet^  maw  descends  up<»n  the  body, 
Twioo  we  are  thus  *"*•  iludicd^*  from  head 
to  ftM>t^  and  made  mcire  tflippefj  than 
tbe  anointc'd  wrestlers  of  the  Greek 
games*  Tbvn  the  basin  oomee  again 
into  pIaJh,  and  wt^  glide  onoe  snore  mo^ 
sloaily  thniugli  tlie  acde  of  tempera- 
ture. 

TK*>  hrnwn  seulptor  has  now  nearlj 
his  taftlt.    Tho  figure  of  eh^ 


'-■re-!  tli 
in  lit 
Kidj 

to  MH)  whrtbwf 

<)uale  to  hi*  ^ 
^axe   procIa&fii#   L 
bath-attrndant  hi 


batli  is  traiiMfufitii^d 

W.     He    t 

.,  -Ttid  till  -I 

rtianslup  i«  ad«- 
.    UbMitb^ecl 

a  oertaki   «sU.Lt.i: 


584 


Bathing  and  Bodies, 


pTor, 


Eleamire  in  his  oocnpation.  The  bodies 
e  polishes  become  to  some  ezteDt  bis 
own  workmanship,  and  he  feels  respon- 
sible for  their  syinmetry  or  deformity. 
He  experiences  a  degree  of  triumph  in 
conteifiplflting  a  bcantiful  form,  which 
hoA  f^own  more  airily  light  and  beauti- 
ful under  his  hands.  He  is  a  great  con- 
noisseur of  bodies,  and  could  pick  joa 
ont  the  finest  specimens  with  as  ready 
an  eye  as  an  artist. 

I  envy  those  old  Greek  bathers,  into 
whose  hands  were  delivered  Pericles, 
and  Alcibiades,  and  the  perfect  models 
of  Phidias.  They  had  daily  before  their 
eyes  the  liighest  types  of  beauty  which 
the  world  has  ever  produced ;  for  of  all 
things  tli^t  are  beautiful,  the  human 
body  is  the  crown.  Now,  since  the  de- 
lusion of  artists  has  been  overthrown, 
and  we  know  that  Grecian  Art  is  but 
the  simple  reflex  of  Nature — that  the 
old  masterpieces  of  Boulpture  were  no 
miraculous  embodiments  of  a  &mu  ideal^ 
but  copies  of  living  fonn»— we  must  ad- 
mit that  in  no  other  age  of  the  world 
has  the  physical  Kan  been  so  perfectly 
developed.  The  nearest  approach  I  have 
ever  seen  to  Uie  symmetry  of  ancient 
sculpture  was  among  the  Arab  tribes  of 
P^thiopio.  Our  Saxon  race  can  supply 
the  athlete,  but  not  the  Apollo. 

Oriental  life  is  too  full  of  repose,  and 
the  Ottoman  race  has  become  too  dege- 
nerate through  indulgence,  to  exhibit 
many  striking  specimens  of  physical 
beauty.  The  face  is  generoUy  tine,  but 
the  body  is  apt  to  be  lank,  and  with  im- 
perfect muscular  development.  The  best 
forms  I  saw  in  the  baths  were  those  of 
laborers,  who,  with  a  good  deal  of  rueged 
strength,  showed  some  grace  and  har- 
mony of  proportion.  It  may  be  received 
as  a  general  rule,  that  the  physical  de- 
velopment of  the  European  is  superior 
to  tliat  of  the  Oriental,  with  the  exception 
of  the  Circassians  and  Georgians,  whose 
beauty  well  entitles  them  to  the  distino- 
tion  of  giving  their  name  to  onr  race. 

So  far  as  female  beauty  is  concerned, 
the  Circassian  women  have  no  superiors. 
They  have  preserved  in  their  mountain 
home  the  purity  of  the  Grecian  models, 
and  still  display  the  perfect  physical 
loveliness,  whose  type  has  descended  to 
us  in  the  Venus  de  Medici.  The  Frank, 
who  is  addicted  to  wandering  about  the 
streets  of  Orientid  cities,  can  hardly  tail 
to  be  favored  with  a  sight  of  the  faces 
of  these  beauties.  More  than  once  it  has 
happened  to  me,  in  meeting  a  veiled 
lady,  Bailing  along  in  her  balloon-like 


feri^ee,  that  she  has  allowed  the  veil  to 
drop  by  a  skilful  accidents  as  she  passed, 
and  has  startled  mo  with  the  vision  of 
her  beauty,  recalling  the  line  of  the  Per- 
sian poet:  ^AsUmishmentl  is  this  the 
dawn  of  the  glorious  sun,  or  is  it  the 
fHill  moon?*'  The  Circassian  face  is  a 
pure  oval ;  the  forehead  is  low  and  fair, 
*^  an  excellent  thing  in  woman,"  and  the 
skin  of  an  ivory  whiteness,  except  the 
faint  pink  of  the  cheeks,  and  the  ripe, 
roseate  stain  of  the  lips.  The  hur  is 
dark,  glossy,  and  luxuriant  exquisitely 
outlined  on  the  temples;  tne  eyebrows 
slightly  arched,  and  drawn  with  a  deli- 
cate pencil ;  while  lashes,  like  *^  ni}'s  of 
darkness,"  shade  the  large,  dark,  hnmid 
orbs  below  them.  The  alabaster  of  the 
face,  so  pure  as  scarcelj^  to  show  the 
blue  branching  of  the  veins  on  the  tem- 
ples, is  lighted  by  those  superb  eyes — 

u  Shining  ejei,  like  antiqae  Jtwds  Ml  la  PihIib 

Btatoe-stone,*' 

—whose  wells  are  so  dark  and  deep,  that 
yon  are  cheated  into  Uie  belief  that  a 
glorious  soul  looks  out  of  them. 

Once,  by  an  unforeseen  chance,  I  be- 
held the  Circassian  form  in  its  most  beau- 
tiful development.  I  was  on  board  an 
Austrian  steamer  in  the  harbor  of 
Smyrna,  when  the  harem  of  a  Turkish 
pasha  came  ont  in  a  boat  to  embark  for 
Alexandria.  The  sea  was  rather  rough, 
and  nearly  all  the  officers  of  the  steamer 
were  ashore.  There  were  six  veiled  and 
swaddled  women,  with  a  black  eunuch 
as  guard,  in  the  boat,  which  lay  tossing 
for  some  time  at  the  foot  of  the  gangway 
ladder,  before  the  frightened  passengers 
could  summon  courage  to  step  out.  At 
last  Uie  youngest  of  them — a  Circassian 
girl  of  not  more  than  fifteen  or  sixteen 
years  of  age — ventured  upon  the  ladder, 
clasping  uie  hand-rail  with  one  hand, 
while  with  the  other  she  held  together 
the  folds  of  her  cumbrous  feric^ee.  I 
was  standing  in  the  gangway,  watching 
her,  when  a  slight  lurch  of  the  steamer 
caused  her  to  loose  her  hold  of  the  gar- 
ment, which,  fastened  at  the  neck,  was 
blown  back  from  her  shoulders,  leaving 
her  body  screened  but  by  a  single  robe 
of  light  gauzy  silk.  Through  this,  the 
marble  whiteness  of  her  skin,  the  ronnd- 
ness,  the  glorious  symmetry  of  her  form, 
flashed  upon  me,  as  a  vision  of  Aphrodite, 
seen 

"  Through  leagues  of  shimwering  water,  like  ft  sUr.** 

It  was  but  a  momentary  glimpse;  yet 
that  moment  oonviooed  me  that  fbrms  of 


1854.] 


Baikinp  and  Bodiet. 


535 


Fhidiaa  perfbction  are  still  nartnrcd  in 
the  Tiles  of  CaacMus. 

The  neoewary  disguise  of  dress  hides 
(h>in  OS  mnch  of  the  beantj  and  dignity 
of  Humanity.  I  have  seen  men  who 
appeared  heroic  in  the  freedom  of  naked- 
ness, shrink  almost  into  absolate  vnlgar- 
ity,  when  clothed.  Tlie  sool  not  only 
sits  at  the  windows  of  the  eyes,  and 
hansa  npon  the  gateway  of  the  lips ;  she 
q)eaks  as  well  in  tho  intricate,  vet  har- 
monioos  lines  of  the  l>ody,  and  the  ever- 
Tarying  play  of  the  limbs.  Look  at  the 
torso  of  Iliuneus,  tiie  non  of  Niobe,  and! 
see  what  an  agony  of  terror  and  suppli- 
cation cries  out  from  that  headless  and 
limbless  trunk!  Decapitate  LaocoOn, 
and  his  knotte<l  muscles  will  still  express 
the  same  dreadful  suffering  and  resist- 
ance. Xono  knew  this  better  than  the 
ancient  sculptors ;  and  hence  it  was  tliat 
we  find  many  of  tlieir  statues  of  distin- 

gnished  men  wliolly  or  partly  undraped. 
nch  a  view  of  art  would  be  considered 
transcendental  now-a-<lays,  when  onr 
dress,  our  costume;*,  and  our  modes  of 
speech  cither  ignore  the  exiHtonco  of  our 
bodies,  or  treat  them  with  little  of  that 
reverence  wliich  is  tlieir  due. 

But,  while  we  have  been  thinking 
these  thoughts,  tho  attendant  has  been 
waiting  to  give  us  a  Hnal  plunge  into  the 
teething  tank.  Apiin,  we  slide  down  to 
the  eycd  in  tho  fluid  heat,  which  wraps 
OS  closely  about  until  we  tingle  with 
ezqnbite  hot  shivcrinf^.  Now  comes 
the  graceful  boy,  with  clean,  cool,  laven- 
dcrc^  napkins  whicli  Iio  folds  around 
our  waist  and  wraps  softly  about  the 
head.  The  pattens  are  put  upon  our 
feet,  and  tho  brown  ann  steadies  us 
gently  through  iljo  sweating-room  and 
ante-chain l»er  into  tho  outer  hall,  where 
we  mount  to  our  cimch.  Wo  sink  gently 
npon  tho  co«>l  11  nun,  and  the  boy  covers 
OS  with  a  i>erfufnod  sheet.  Then,  kneel- 
ing beside  tho  conch,  ho  presses  the  folds 
of  t!>e  sheet  around  us,  that  it  may  ab- 
sorb tho  lin;^ering  moisture  au'l  tho 
limpid  [ler^ipirution  shed  by  tho  departing 
heat.  As  f:i*>t  a^  the  linen  becomes  damp, 
he  reiilaoes  it  with  frvnli,  pressing  tho 
foldi  ab'iut  U!)  OS  tendorly  a-t  a  mother 
arranges  tho  drapery  of  her  sleeping 
babe;  fur  we,  though  of  tho  staturo  of 
a  man,  arc  now  infnntilo  in  our  helpleK!4 
happine<4H.  Then  he  takes  our  pa^isivo 
hand  and  warms  its  palm  by  tho  ?ofi 
friction  of  his  own ;  afWr  which,  moving 
to  the  end  f>f  tho  couch,  he  takes  our 
feet  upon  his  lap,  and  repeats  tho  friction 
npon  their  soles,  nntil  the  blood  cornea 


back  to  the  surfJEU^e  of  the  body  with  a 
misty  glow,  like  that  which  steeps  tho 
olonds  of  a  summer  afternoon. 

We  have  but  one  more  process  to  nn* 
dergo,  and  tho  attendant  already  stands 
at  die  head  of  our  couch.  This  is  the 
course  of  passive  gymnastics,  which  ex- 
cites so  mnch  alarm  and  reststanoe  in  the 
ignorant  Franks.  It  is  only  resistanoe 
that  is  dangerous,  completely  neutralli- 
ing  the  enjoyment  of  the  process.  Qivo 
yourself  with  a  blind  submission  into  tho 
arms  of  the  brown  Fate,  and  ho  will  lead 
yon  to  new  chambers  of  delight.  He 
lifts  us  to  a  sitting  posture,  places  him- 
self behind  us,  and  folds  his  arms  around 
our  body,  alternately  tightening  and  re- 
laxing his  clasp,  as  if  to  test  tho  elasti- 
city of  the  ribs.  Then  seizing  one  arm, 
he  draws  it  across  tho  opposite  shoulder, 
nntil  the  Joint  cracks  like  a  percuse<ion- 
cap.  The  shoulder-blades,  tne  elbows, 
the  wrists,  and  the  finger-joints  aro  all 
made  to  fire  off  their  mufiSed  volleys; 
and  then,  placing  one  knee  between  our 
shoulders,  and  clasping  both  hands  upon 
onr  forehead,  he  draws  our  head  back 
nntil  we  feci  a  great  snap  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  Now  ho  descends  to  tho 
hip-joints,  knecH,  ankles,  and  feet,  forcing 
each  and  all  to  discharge  a  salvo  dejoie. 
The  sUght  langour  left  from  tho  bath  is 
gone,  and  airy,  delicate  exhilaration,  be- 
fitting tho  winged  Mercury,  takes  its 
place. 

Tho  boy  kneeling,  presents  ns  with  a 
finjan  of  foamy  c(»flfbe,  followed  by  a 
glass  of  sherbet  cooled  with  the  nnows 
of  Lebanon.  Ho  presently  returns  with 
a  nar^hileh,  which  we  stnoke  by  the 
effortles-*  inhalation  of  tho  lungs.  Thus 
we  lie  in  iKjrfect  repo«e,  soothed  by  the 
fragrant  weed,  and  idly  watching  the 
silent  Orientals,  who  aro  undressing  for 
the  bath  or  reposing  like  ourselves. 
Through  tho  arched  entrance,  we  i^ee  a 
picture  of  the  Bazaars :  a  shadowy  paint- 
mg  of  merchants  seate<l  amid  their  silks 
and  spices,  dotted  hero  and  there  with 
golden  drofM  and  (splashes  of  sunshine, 
which  have  trickled  through  the  rmif. 
Tho  scene  paints  itself  upon  our  eyes, 
vet  wakes  no  slightest  }>tir  of  thou«rht. 
Yho  brain  is  a  becalmed  se.i,  without  a 
ripple  on  its  shores.  MiQ<l  and  lM>dy 
are  drowned  in  deliii«»ns  rest;  and  wo 
no  longer  rememl>er  what  we  are.  Wo 
only  know  that  there  is  an  Kxi-tencc 
somewhere  in  the  air,  and  that  wherever 
it  is,  and  whatever  it  may  be,   it  is 


happy 
Mo 


ore  and  more  dim  grows  the  picture. 


536                                 Veapers^The  Thru  GanneU.                             [Nor. 

The  oolord  fade  and  blend  into  eaoli  at  an  end.    We  arise  and  put  on  our 

other,  and  finally  merge  into  a  bed  of  garments,  and  walk  forth  into  the  sunny 

rosy  clouds,  flooded  with  the  radiance  streets  of  Damascus.      But  as  we  go 

of  some   unseen  sun.      Gkntlier  than  homewards,  we  involuntarily  look  down 

^*'  tired  eyelids  upon  tired  eyes,"  slin^p  to  see  whether  we  are  really  treading 

lies  upon  our  senses : — a  half-conscious  upon  the  earth,  wondering,  perhaps,  thai 

sleep,  wherein  we  know  that  we  behold  we  should  be  content  to  do  so,  when  it 

light  and  inhale  fragrance.    As  gently,  would  be  so  easy  to  soar  abore  the 

the  clouds  dissipate  into  air,  and  we  are  house-tops, 
bom  again  into  the  world.    The  Bath  is 


VESPERS. 


I  SIT  beneath  the  oriel  porch 
That  looketh  towards  the  western  sky, 
And  watch,  while  Eve  the  shepherdess 

Her  white  flocks  hurries  by : 
And  watch  the  truant  cloudlets  stray 

Far  off  upon  the  azure  deeps, 
To  lose  themselves  amid  the  stars 

That  troop  adown  the  steeps, — 
Poor  little  lambkins  of  the  air. 

White-fleeced  like  Innocence  below. 
That  yearning  still  for  brighter  paths, 

Too  crfl  astray  will  go. 

The  blessed  night  comes  down  to  me. 

And  nun-like  chants  her  solemn  prayers ; 
The  stars  she  counteth  as  her  beads, 

The  moon  upon  her  bosom  bears, — 
A  white  and  holy  scapular — 

Beneath  whose  crescent  rim  afar 
The  azure  secret  of  the  skies 

In  wondrous  quiet  lies. 
O  moon  I  O  stars !  O  silent  night! 

My  teachers,  as  my  theme,  are  ye — 
Fair  missals  for  my  faith  to  read — 

My  hope's  dear  rosary. 


THE     THREE     GANNETS. 

ON  a  wrinkled  rock  in  a  distant  sea 
Three  white  gannets  sat  in  the  sun ; 
They  sliook  the  brine  from  their  feathers  so  fine 
And  lazily  one  by  one, 

They  sunnily  slept  while  the  tempest  crept  I 

In  a  pointed  boat  on  a  distant  sea 

Three  fowlers  sailed  merrily  on. 
And  each  took  aim  as  he  came  near  the  game, 

And  the  gannets  fell  one  by  one, 

And  fluttered  and  died  while  the  tempest  sighed ! 

Then  a  doud  came  over  the  distant  sea, 

A  darkness  came  over  the  sun; 
And  a  storm-wind  smote  on  the  painted  boat, 

And  the  fowlers  sank  one  by  one, 

Down,  down  with  their  onut|  while  th«  tonpeil  bn^Mdl 


1854.] 


63T 


CAUSES   AND   CONSEQUENCES    OF    THE  RUSSIAN   WAR. 


ritESENT  AND  FUTURE. 


Fr  A  previous  article*  wo  have  spoken 
of  KuwiA,  Past  and  Presknt.  Wo 
have  tr.'icetl  the  rise  and  growth  uf  that 
Tast  eini>ire,  and  si>okeii  of  the  relations 
which  ir  has  »astaine(1  to  other  nntioiH, 
particularly  to  tlio  Turks  on  the  oiio 
nand  (includinf;  their  co-rcli^nonistd  and 
timmen — if  we  may  so  call  tlioin — iho 
llongiilians  and  Crim -Tar tarn),  and  the 
Pole»  on  the  oiher.  We  have  sliown  tho 
ori^n  of  the  dcndly  hatred  that  lias  for 
agesi  &ub>i-ted  between  the  KussiacH  and 
thcue  races,  whicli,  like  themselves,  are 
Asiatic  in  their  character  and  manners, 
and  the  Ia«t-named,  a  branch  also  of  tho 
great  Sclavonic  family  of  natitms.  Wo 
procee«l  now  to  speak  of  Krss>iA,  Pke- 

tSKXT  AND  FCTUKE. 

And  here,  at  the  outset,  we  will  enter 
without  further  remark,  upon  tho  con- 
sideration of  the  present  war  between 
RtL^oia  anil  Turkey,  which  has  already 
invulved  Frn nco  and  England,  and  may 
involve,  l)efore  it  is  ended,  all  tho  great 
powers  of  Europe.  The  history  of  its 
origiQ  and  progress  in  in  the  highest  de- 
gree intert'Sting.  To  understand  tho 
real,  though  latent,  causes  which  have 
led  to  this  war,  we  must  look  back  into 
the  middle  age;*  for  a  moment. 

Tlio^e  of  our  readers  who  are  familiar 
witli  hi-otory  nee<l  not  be  told  that  tho 
fQocessors  of  Mohammed,  at  an  early 
day,  commenced  tho  ht niggle  between 
the  Cre-jcent  and  the  Oo-s,  which  has 
la^tef],  with  various  tortunes,  for  nearly 
twelve  centuries.  From  the  nature  <i"f 
the  case^  the  Kitstern  or  (ireok  Empiro 
was  the  tirst  portion  of  C-tiriHteiidom 
that  felt  tho  Hcymi:ar  <if  the  Impostor 
of  Arabia.t  TJiat  empire  embnired,  in 
the  seventh  century,  nearly  all  tho 
countries  of  Western  Asia  which  had 
belonged  to  the  I  toman  Empire  in  its 
palmie>t  day.  It  included,  aNo,  a  portion 
of  Northern  Africa,  the  souiln.-rn  part 
of  Itily,  and  the  i^laruN  in  tho  I-ovant. 
As  miuht  bo  expected,  Pidr^tine,  or  tho 
'*IIidy  Jjiud,"  the  birth-place  of  Chris- 
tianity, was  one  of  tho  tirst  of  tho  pro- 


vinces of  that  empire,  to  fall  under  Mo- 
hummedan  dominion.  This  occasioned 
deepest  grief  throughout  tho  Christian 
world.  The  tomb  of  tho  Saviour  was 
in  tho  hands  of  tho  Infidels  1  Many 
were  tho  insults  and  sutreriugs  which 
Christian  pilgrims  sulfercd  at  those  hands 
for  three  centuries.  At  length  the  Om- 
sades  commenced,  and  from  tho  end  of 
th^  eleventh  to  tho  end  of  tho  thir- 
teenth centuries  tlioso  astonishing  move- 
ments by  which  Western  EurofK)  i)recipi- 
tated  masses  of  men,  who  ])rofcssed  to 
be  followers  of  Christ,  on  Western  Asia 
— for  tho  recovery  of  tho  Holy  Sepul- 
chre. It  was  emphatically  a  Roman 
Catholic  movement— tho  (xreck  Church 
taking  but  little  licartfelt  interest  in  it. 
The  intense  hntred  between  the  Grook 
or  Eastern  Church,  and  the  I^tin  or 
Western  Church,  from  tho  year  A.  1). 
860,  accounts  for  this  facL  The  Crusad- 
ers held  Jerusalem  from  1090  till  II87, 
wlicn  Saladin,  tho  Caliph  of  £gyi>t,  took 
it. 

In  tho  succeeding  century,  tho  Cru- 
sades ceased ;  but  tho  cause  which  had 
led  to  their  being  undertaken,  did  not 
cease  to  bo  felt.  In  tho  century  follow- 
ing, Palestine,  as  well  as  almost  tho  en- 
tire of  tho  Greek  Empire,  fell  beneath 
the  victorious  anns  of  tho  Turks.  In 
one  century  m<iro,  Constantinoplo  fell, 
and  tho  (rreek  Empire  was  no  more! 

When  that  event  occurred,  tho  Chris- 
tians in  tho  Eiist  wero  left  for  two  or 
three  centuries  without  tho  pn>tection  of 
any  Christian  prince  or  p>vernmcnt.  At 
leiig'ih  Krunce,  who  had  taken  tho  lead 
in  tiic  Crusades,  bo^'on  to  adv(K*ato  their 
cause  by  making  treaties  with  tho  Sub- 
lime Porte,  in  which  there  wero  stipula- 
tions in  favor  of  Chri.^itians  re>iding  in, 
or  visiting,  the  Holy  Lind.  But  those 
treaties  contemplated  mainly,  or  rather 
only,  the  right",  privileges,  and  protec- 
tion of  Christians  of  the  Ijitin  or  West- 
ern Church.  Franco  c:irod  littlo  for  tho 
millions  of  tho  "si^hismaticar'  Greek 
Church.    iSho  has  for  eleven  centurios 


•  Putnftm'i  MiinUiijr  fur  Ootobf  r,  pajfei  4*22—4.13. 

t  In  Uie  tiiclitli  rrnlurj,  Mu!>le:ii  Eeil  ami  furjr  carried  lh«  Ftamtanl  of  Uio  Trnphrl  acroii  the  entire 
•ortlMrn  mil  of  AfricJi,  Hnd  pliinted  it  iu  Sp.ihi,  and  fir  a  timi*  rvf n  In  Prancr.  That  Kanilard  was 
atoolcil  fur  a  while  In  Souairrn  iLilj  and  the  Mcdtlerrapean  l«l«<  In  th^  eeniury  r«>Uowln|[f.  In  the  Ihtr- 
icaath  century,  the  MonffiiU  and  Tarlara  carried  the  aword  of  Muhammed  Into  all  •uuthern  and  eaalern 
BMela.  and  flnallj,  Muhammcdaolain  look  ap  Ita  abode,  In  the  flftoenlh  centnry,  In  what  ii  now  called 
Tnrhejr. 

TOL.  IT. — 35 


538 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  ike  Russian  War. 


[Nor. 


considered  herself  as  at  the  liead  of  the 
Roman  Ctitlu'lic  nations,  and  the  |^o- 
tector,  as  well  as  cliampion,  of  the  JRo- 
inan  Catholic  or  Latin  Church.  As  to 
the  iiR'inbers  of  the  Greek  Church,  and 
the  five  other  Oriental  Churches — the 
Armenian,  Ncstorian,  Syrian,  Coptic, 
and  Abypbiiiian — inasmuch  as  they  ac- 
knowledffod  not  the  Bishop  of  liomc, 
but  looked  up  to  their  own  Patriarchs, 
they  were  loft  by  France,  the  Emperor 
of  Germany,  and  the  other  Roman  Cath- 
olic goveriiiiients,  to  the  tender  mercies 
of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey  and  his  confe- 
derates. Centuries  of  oppres^ion,  cruel 
injustice,  and  persecution  in  one  form 
and  another,  ])assed  away. 

But  at  length  God  raised  up  an  Avenger 
in  the  Cziirs  of  Russia.  That  great  coun- 
try, as  we  have  stated  in  our  former  arti- 
cle, received  its  Christiamty  and  its  civil- 
ization from  Byzantium,  or  Constantino- 
ple, as  it  has  been  called  since  the  fourth 
century.  It  was  to  missionaries  ft-om 
the  Greek  Church,  that  she  was  indebted 
fbr  the  Scriptures,  and  the  institutions 
of  the  Gospel.  The  most  intimate  rela- 
tions sprung  up  between  the  Churches 
of  Russia  and  those  of  the  Greek  or 
Eastern  Empire.  The  Greek  Patriarch 
of  Constantinople  was  the  acknowledged 
head  of  the  Riisso-Greek  Church.  This 
state  of  thing:^  lasted  more  than  a  thou- 
sand yeais.  Even  the  conquest  of  the 
entire  southern  part  of  Russia  by  the 
Tartars  and  Poles  (the  former  Moham- 
medans, the  latter  Roman  Catholics, 
and  both  bitter  enemies  of  the  Greek 
Church),  did  not  destroy  the  sympathy 
of  the  Russinn  Church  for  that  of  the 
Greek  Empire — although  it  rendered 
much  interot)urso  between  them  impossi- 
ble. And  when  Constantinople  fell  un- 
der the  dominion  of  the  Turks,  four  cen- 
turies ago,  and  with  it  the  whole  of  the 
Eastern  Empire,  the  official  connection 
between  the  churches  of  the  two  coun- 
tries cea-ed,  but  not  their  symi)athy. 
About  that  time,  one  of  the  Patriarchs 
of  Constaniinople  (of  the  Greek  Church) 
fled  to  M^»^cow.  Thus  tlie  Patriarchate 
of  that  city  commenced,*  and  with  it 
the  independent  existence  of  the  Russo- 
Greek  Church.  At  this  period,  and  for 
several  centuries  afterwards,  the  Czars 
of  Russia  were  too  weak  to  do  anything 
whatever  in  behalf  of  the  oppressed 
people  of   the    Greek    Church  in  the 


Turkish  dominions.  But  in  process  of 
time,  the  scale  turned  the  other  way. 
The  progress  of  civilization  and  the  arts, 
— a  progress  for  which  Russia  is  indebt- 
ed to  Cliristianity — gradually  raised  np 
that  great  country  from  the  feeble  con- 
dition in  which  it  had  so  long  been, 
during  which,  it  wa-i  a  prey  to  the  Mon- 
gols, the  Tartars,  the  Poles,  LivonianSi 
the  Lithuanians,  and  even  the  Swedes. 
In  the  year  1C72,  the  Russians,  for  the 
first  time,  began  to  measure  swords  with 
the  Turks,  of  whom  they  had  lived  in 
dread  for  two  centuries.  In  a  little  more 
than  a  century  after  that,  the  Tartan 
were  entirely  conquered,  and  the  Turks 
were  driven  to  the  southwest — almost 
to  the  frontier  of  the  empire.  In  1812, 
Russia  extended  her  boundary  to  the 
Pruth,  and  oven  to  the  Danube,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Pruth  to  the  Black 
Sea.  Even  before  the  treaty  of  that 
year,  the  Russian  czars  had  begun  to 
demand  protection  for  their  "  brethren" 
of  the  Greek  Church  in  the  Turkish  do- 
minions. Nor  has  the  present  emperor 
been  iudllTerent  to  this  subject ;  on  the 
contrary,  he  has  gone  farther  than  any 
of  his  predecessors.  It  is  not  easy  fiw 
us  to  conceive  the  intense  interest  with 
wluch  all  tiio  Christians  in  the  Turkish 
Empire,  excepting  the  Roman  Catholics, 
have  watched  the  growing  power  of . 
Russia  for  the  last  century  or  two.  From 
that  quarter  they  began  to  hope  for  de- 
liverance. There  has  been  abundant 
proof,  since  the  commencement  of  the 
present  war,  of  the  strong  sympathy 
which  subsists  between  the  Oliristians 
of  the  Greek  Church  in  Turkey  and 
the  kingdom  of  Greece,  and  tlie  people 
of  Russia.  Not  only  has  Russia  de- 
manded protection  for  the  Greek  Church 
in  Turkey,  which  is  the  chief  church  in 
that  country,  and  embraces  twelve  mil- 
lions of  souls  (this  is  the  estimate  of  the 
Emperor  Nicholas) ;  she  has  also  inter- 
fered for  the  protection  of  the  residents 
and  pilgrims  of  the  Greek  faith  in  the 
Holy  Land.  On  this  subject  we  mmt 
say  a  few  words,  inasmuch  as  it  is  is 
some  degree  connected  with  the  origin 
of  the  present  war. 

There  are  in  Palestine  certain  bniW- 
ings  and  places  which  are  called  the 
"  Holy  Pkces,"  and  sometimes,  but  not 
very  accurately,  esi>cciHlly  by  the  French 
diplomatists  who  have  figured  in  the 


•  The  PatrinrehAte  of  HoKow  conUnned  tOl  the  year  1700,  when  It  ceased.  Peter  the  Great  wibL^ 
the  "  Holy  Synod**  for  U.  The  Synod  haa  cognliance  of  doctrlnea  and  diicipline ;  the  Emperor  !••(*' 
head  of  the  Cliurch  In  relation  to  lecular  aOialn,  hut  haa  leu  powef  over  It  than  the  Qncca  of  KngtaDd  IM 
orer  the  £itabUdhed  Church  of  that  land. 


1854.] 


Causa  and  Consequences  of  the  Jiussian  War. 


present  contest,  the  "Sacred  Slirines/^ 
We  believe  there  are  eiglit  or  tea  of 
such  places.  One  of  them  ( the  site  of 
tlic  toiiiple  and  the  localities  connected 
with  it),  the  Molianiinedan  pivernnients 
which  have  ruled  that  eonntry  for  uhiuist 
twelve  centuries  have  never  allowed 
Christians  to  visit.  Soiiietinioii  even  the 
Christian  pilirriins  have  not  been  allowed 
to  f;o  down  to  tlic  rivt-r  of  J»»rdan,  and 
hathc  in  its  sacred  water.  It  lias  often 
bten  dangerous  for  tlu'in  to  visit  the 
*' Mount  of  Transf]';iir.'iti«m/^  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  couiitr}-.  I5nt  they 
have  had  access,  more  or  less  unrotrioted, 
fur  a  Ion;?  time,  to  the  two  places  which 
are,  probably,  the  most  sacred  in  the 
thoughts  and  feelin;;s  of  those  who  have 
desired  to  make  pil;;rima^es  to  the  land 
where  the  Saviour  lived,  wliieh  was 
trodden  by  his  blessed  feet,  and  bedewed 
by  liis  tears  and  his  bbnid.  <.)iie  of 
tliefe  is  tho"  Church  iff  the  Xativity," 
at  Bethlehem.  Accordin;;  to  tnidiiion, 
it  etands  on  tlie  very  spot  where  the 
stable  stood  in  which  the  Saviour  was 
born.  A  silver  star,  su-iiended  by  a 
cord  from  the  ceilin^%  hari;;s  over  the 
spot  where  the  'Miian^'er''  st<MMl,  in 
which  the  "  Infant  Christ''  was  laid  by 
hli  ble-jsed  mother.  The  other  is  the 
'*  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,"  at 
Jerusalem,  whieh  is  built  over  the  sup- 
tK>>ed  Tomb  of  of  our  Lord.  The  tomb 
IS  a  small  building  in  the  centre  of  the 
church. 

Every  year  the-e  chnrrhes  are  vi>ited 
by  all  the  pik'nius  who  !lu<'k  to  tlio 
Iloly  I^Uil,  and  by  other  ChrNti.-iii'^  who 
may  be  in  the  ccMiutry.  It  is  ililliculi  to 
•ay  whether  thi'  iJoujan  C.it::«ilii-,  or  the 
*Greek,  and  otln  r  oriental  i'liri-tians 
lake  the  deeper  iiitere.-t  in.  and  attacli 
the  jrre:iter  iiiiiortance  t«»,  the^e  "Sacred 
Shrines."  It  would  se»ni  as  if  they 
were,  fnr  the  nii.».t  parr,  about  eipuilly 
influenced  by  an  i;:n*»raiit  autl  delia»iiig 
BU|«i*r>tition,  wiiieh  h.'id  its  oripn  in  the 
wants  anil  tlir  demau<lx  i>f  au  vin«.-nli;;lit- 
ened  heart,  ami  a  sniittiii  ain!  op]iri-««.d 
consciene**.  The  e|«"fhs  nf^zreate-t  cmi- 
cour-e  are  Ka-iter  and  Chri-tirias.  It  i-j 
the  te-tiinony  of  evi-ry  travilKr  w!io 
visits  Pall-tine  at  the-.e  seu^ini-,  t'.iat  the 
churches  in  ipie>tii»n  are  cr.iw.leil  at 
tho!>e  times  by  pil;:rini-»,  rr.t.-?  i.f  wimm 
belong  to  tlie  Latiu  and  (ireek  cu:iintu- 
nities.  As  i!jc  hatred  of  the-e  ehurches 
is  reciprocal  and  intense,  bceiies  of  >hock- 


infj  disorder  and  violence  often  occur, 
even  witliin  their  s-acred  walls.  To 
such  lengths  do  matters  often  g<\  that 
the  soldiers  of  Islam  have  to  be  railed  in 
to  make  the  ^'Chri-tian  dog»,"  •^•'  they 
contemptuously  call  them,  <'e:i.'»e  from 
tlieir  strite.  the  cau^^e  of  the  ijuarrel 
has  often  been :  Who  >!iail  have  the 
]>recei!ence,  the  Latin  or  the  (Ireek 
C!iri>tians,  on  these  occasions?  For  a 
h>n{r  time  the  l-aiin*  bore  t.tf  the  palm. 
They  Were  alloWe<l  to  have  the  keys  of 
the  churches;  and,  «»f  course,  they  did 
very  much  as  they  i«lea*-ed.  Often  t!ic 
Greeks  c»udd  fcCiircely  ^'ain  admittance 
at  all,  without  nuuiy  and  mo>t  violent 
eflbrtu. 

For  three  hundred  year-*  France  has 
stood  up  fur  the  I^itin,(tr]b>manCathnrie, 
Cliristians,  and  maintained  by  treaty 
their  claims, — not  only  to  proft.'fofu^ 
but  al.Mj  t«)  j'ru'fUntw  F«'r  a  hmj:  time 
hhe  had  the  field  in  herself".  Tliere  '..a-,  no 
natitui  whieh  profe-^sed  the  CI  reek  faith 
that  was  stron;;  enuu;;h  t<»  -ay  a  wi»rd  in 
behalf  «»f  the  claim-  of  the  (Ireek  Chureh. 
The  rrote?lant  nalii>ns  took  little  or  no 
intere>t  in  the  matter,  as  may  well  be 
hU]ipi»^d.  They  regarded  wit!i  pity,  if 
not  contempt,  the  miserable  supir-tilion 
of  b«»t!i  the  curru|»te»l  and  deirei: crated 
churehe?  which  were  prominent  in  tlie 
dispute. 

Ihit  UusMa  at  len^^lh  appeareil  *m  the 
PCene,  and  bc^an  to  niake  lu-r  intlunce 
felt  in  bvhaU"  of  the  (Jrcik-.  a-  Fraiice 
had  nuide  her-  fi.ll  in  b.  h.ilf  "t*  the 
Latins.  She,  tn..,  ma-Ie  th*-  .ph-li'-n  a 
subjiet  »»f  «'i|il«»niai'y  at  the  eiiurt  nf  the 
Sultan.  Nur  did  she  t«'il  in  vain.  She 
gained,  a  few  vi-ars  aj:«»,  huiu*  !i«!vantaj:es 
whieh  Were  deeuml  in;|Mirtant  f-ir  the 
fiVll.wers  «-f  the  CJriek  failli.  Tlii->  i»ro- 
Vnkeil  the  jealuu-y  i»f  Franee,  and  Li»uis 
rhiiip|«e  (in  IS  IT)  ilireeted  hi-  emlia'S>a- 
d«»r  to  nr;r.'f.ale  with  lln'  S'.iblinie  Porte. 
Ci-rtain'.y  the  annals  iif  dipl«»iiia«\v  do  not 
furni-h  the  i.anu-  of  many  men  uh«»  were 
le--  fit  f<r  sur!i  a  dilica'.e  and  ditli  ult 
llli-^i.•l^  than  M.  dc  Lavahtte,  wlm  was 
the  FrtT.i-h  einba.—aiior  at  ('<.n-tan!i:io- 
pl.*  at  that  time.  Tlii-  p-ntl^inan  limj? 
kn<iwn  in  the  .-aKuis  of  J\iri-»  a>  an  ae- 
c.mpli-h.d  and  fa-lii'-nai-h-  ni.-ii..  and  at 
len^rlh  a-i  the  hu-band  i-f  the  \\iih»w  of 
an  lUiini-i.t  American  !».ink.  rf  -wh-i  liail 
had  n-i  dii-h-matic  experi.n.e  r\.eptin}; 
what  he  !  ad  a«  cpj:reda-.il:e  Fr.n.fie.msul 
general  in  i:;:ypt,hetraye.l  an  impetuosity 


•  Her  flr-l  In-aty  in  fnv  -r  of  th«  »•  Praiik«."  or  I.rOiri  rj.r.«han«.  wm  in*!!*"  iu  IWi. 
t  The  UU!  Ur.  WvUi  of  Uofton,  of  Uic  firm  vt  WvlU,  Greeu  *  C'u.  at  F«ru. 


540 


Causes  arid  Consequences  of  the  Bussian  War. 


P^OT. 


of  temper,  and  a  detrreo  of  imprudence 
even,  which  came  well-nigh  occaMoiiing 
the  111  'St  so -ious  trouble.  Arriving  at 
Constantinople  the  second  time,  in  a 
I'O  gun  steamship  (contrary  to  the  treat- 
ies of  tlie  Porte  with  foreiirn  powers), 
ho  demanded  certain  things  in  behalf  of 
the  Liiin  Cliristians  wlio  visit  tlie  ''  Holy 
Phiccs.'^  Tlio  atlrii^ihted  government  of 
Turkey  yicliled.  LiNtantly  Russia  inter- 
vened^ and  made  new  demands  for  the 
Greek  Christians;  and  Turkey  yielded  in 
turn  to  her;  for  she  did  not  dare  to  re- 
fuse. This  led  France  to  reiterate  her 
demands,  to  the  astounded  and,  we  may 
add,  confounded  Porte.  Rescind  Pasha, 
tlie  Grand  Vizier,  knew  not  which  way 
to  turn.  He  had  mmle  engagements  to 
France  and  Russia  which  were  utterly 
irreconcilable.  Fortunately  the  £m])e- 
ror  of  Fran(^e  recalled  M.  Je  Lavalette, 
and  sent  M.  de  la  Oour,  a  man  of  pru- 
dence and  moderation,  who  pursued  a 
conciliatory  course,  and  effected  an  ar- 
rangement of  the  difficulty.  In  this  af- 
fair Russia,  on  the  whcde,  came  off  victo- 
rious. Much  credit  is  due  to  Louis 
Napoleon,  who  had  succeeded  Louis 
Philippe,  as  ruler  of  France.  It  is  pro- 
bable also,  that  the  intluenco  of  England 
was  not  without  avail  in  the  case, 
thri»uu:h  her  excellent  embassador.  Sir 
Stiifford  Cnnning*.  Wo  know  not  upon 
what  principle  tlie  difficulty  resj)ecting 
the  "Uoly  Places"  was  arranged  in  all 
cases,  but  we  suppose  that  it  was  mainly 
on  that  of  equal  occupancy,  but  at  dif- 
ferent hours  of  the  days,  and  probably 
also  on  that  of  alternati<m. — 

But  however  that  may  be,  the  affair  teas 
settled  peacefully,  happily,  to  the  joy  of 
all  good  men ;  for  many  fears  had  been 
entiTtained  lest  war  between  Russia  and 
Turkey,  involving  France,  if  not  other 
countries,  might  grow  out  of  it.  This 
was  the  state  of  things  at  the  commence- 
ment of  last  year.  Alas,  the  prospect 
soon  became  overcast  by  clouds  of  doubt 
and  feiir.  Difficulty  sprang  up  suddenly, 
— from  another  and  distinct  cause.  To 
the  surprise  of  all  the  world,  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia  sent  down  to  Ooastunti- 
uople  Prince  Menschicoff,  one  of  his 
ministers,  with  a  large  suite,  or  staff 
rather,  of  officers  civil  and  military,  in  a 
war  steamer.  The  high  position  which 
this  extraordinary  embassador  occupied 
in  tlio  government  of  Russia  shows  the 
estimation  in  which  the  mission  was  hold 


by  the  emperor.  Prince  Henschicoff 
arrived  at  Constantinople  on  tlie  28th  of 
February,  1833,  and  on  the  16th  of 
March  he  j)resented  to  the  Porte  liis  first 
communication,  in  which  the  ministen 
of  the  Sultan  are  charged  with  having 
violated  the  firmans  issued  in  favor  of  the 
Greeks,  of  having  wounde<l  the  religioiifl 
convictions  of  the  emperor,  and  of  hav- 
ing been  wanting  in  respect  to  his  person. 
It  concluded  with  asking  an  effectual 
redress  of  these  grievances,  and  an  ar- 
rangement which  would  put  an  end  to 
the  dissatisfaction  of  the  Greek  subjecta 
of  the  Sultan,  and  give  them  sure  gua- 
rantees for  the  future.  The  Porte  was 
alarmed  by  this  note,  and  Col.  Rose,  the 
English  Chargd  d'Affaires  Qn  the  absence 
of  Lord  Stratford)  summoned  the  Hritish 
fleet  in  the  Mediterranean  to  approach 
the  waters  of  the  Dardanelles.  On  the 
10th  of  April,  Prince  Menschicoff  ad- 
dressed a  note  to  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs,  m  which  he  stated  in  rather  ar- 
rogant and  unusual  tenns,  that  he  was 
in>trucied  to  demand:  **1.  A  finnan  con- 
cerning the  key  of  the  Church  of  Beth- 
lehem, the  Silver  Star,t  and  the  posses- 
sion of  certain  Sanctuaries;  2.  An  onler 
for  the  repair  of  the  Dome  and  other 
parts  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepul- 
chre ;  and  3.  A  Sened^  or  convention, 
guaranteeing  the  strict  status  quo  of  the 
j>rivileges  of  the  Catholic  Greco-Russian 
Faith  of  the  Eastern  Church,  and  of  the 
sanctuaries  which  are  in  the  possession 
of  that  Faith^  exclusively  or  in  partici- 
pation with  other  sects  at  Jerusalem." 

These  demands  were  substantially 
granted,  through  the  influence  of  Lord 
Stratford  and  M.  de  la  Conr,  the  embas-, 
sadors  of  England  and  France,  who  had 
returned  to  Constantinople  some  days 
hefore.  The  firmans  were  delivered  to 
Prince  Menschicoff  on  the  5th  of  May; 
and  though  the  contention  referred  to  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  prince's  note  had 
not  been  conceded  or  even  discussed, 
it  was  hoped  that  there  would  be  no  dif- 
ficulty in  arranging  everything  amica- 
bly. This  was  the  state  of  the  cose  on 
the  morning  of  the  day  iust  naixiod.  But 
that  evening.  Prince  Menschicoff  sent 
another  note  to  the  minister  of  For^a 
Af&irs,  which  was  of  the  nature  of  an 
ultimatum.  It  demanded  the  immedi- 
ate conclusion  of  a  Stned^ — or  conven- 
tion, having  the  force  of  a  treaty.  ^  A 
draft  of  such  a  convention  accompanied 


*  Nov  Lord  SlrBtford  de  RadelUfe.  ^ 

t  Thli  Star  hmd  been  itoleo,  and  the  Latin  OhrbUanf  charged  the  Oredu  irttll  haviaff  oonmlitcd  M 
Vkttt  I    This  happened  a  few  jean  ilnoe,  and  waa  one  of  the  cautee  of  trouble. 


1854.] 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  tJic  JRussian  War, 


541 


the  note,  which  tlio  Porto  wa.s  required 
to  a^ree  to,  without  negotiaiioii !  and 
oqI}'  five  dj.3's  were  aUowed  for  tlio  con- 
fide rat  iiHi  of  the  matter. 

When  ihe  coiitent8  of  thiii  n^to  were 
made  known  to  tlie  English  and  French 
enibassadiTs  tlie}'  dispute  I  leil,  each,  a 
wsiT  >teaiuer  that  ni^itt,  bearing;  the  nowd 
ii»  their  resiiective  governments.  Tiio 
detaands  made  in  the  proiMtsed  .sV/i^J  or 
oocivvnijOQ  were  two,  which  we  (^ive  in 
A  hteral  tran;sIation  from  the  original 
French : — 

"  ls[.  There  shall  be  no  clian^es  made 
in  the  rights,  privileges,  and  iininunitien 
which  the  Churches,  iho  InstitutionK  of 
Pitrty.  and  the  Orthodox  Clergy  (of  tho 
Grcrk  Chun-h)  have  enjoyed;  or  are  in 
pO!<<i«'4siiHi  of  ab  antiquo^  in  the  States  of 
the  Sublime  Oitoiuan  Torte,  wliich  has 
been  pleased  to  grant  them  for  ever,  on 
tlie  ha<ie  of  the  Mtatu  quo^  which  Q\\i>U 
tXiU  day. 

**  21.'  The  rightjf  and  advanta;^s  which 
may  Ite  conceded  by  the  Ottoman  Go- 
vernnu'nt  in  future,  to  other  Christian 
WbCXA{culteM)y  by  treaties,  conventions,  or 
•|ieeial  grants,  hhall  be  ron-f^idiTeii  as 
belonging  also  to  tlic  Ortliodox  Church.^' 

TheH)  demands  were  deemed  by  the 
Turkish  Governments,  under  the  a<lvice 
of  England  and  France,  it  is  iK'lieved,  to 
be  wholly  inadmisMble ;  and  Prince  Men- 
■chictiff  was  bo  informed  on  the  10th  of 
May.  On  the  21st  of  that  month  the 
prince  left  Constantinople.  At  tlio  ino- 
lucnt  of  hi4  departure,  he  K'nt  a  tinid 
note  to  tho  Minister  of  Foreign  A  flairs, 
in  which  he  reiterated  the  demands  of 
hid  master  in  stronger  terms,  requiiing 
even  that  if  at  any  time  any  a<l vantages 
■liduld  lie  granted  by  Hperial  favor  to 
Ihe  foreign  legations  accredited  to  tho 
Bubliiiic  Porte,  these  advnntagcs  should 
also  be  Accorded  to  the  Orthodox  {iilUu 
Greek)  Church  in  the  Turkish  dominions. 
Am'ording  to  this  demtnd  the  I'orte  could 
grant  no  s|K>(ial  permi.«.Nion  for  religious 
■crvices  in  cniinection  with  any  of  tho 
foreign  legations,  wliirh  would  not 
c«lHally,  and  of  rii^hf,  belong  to  tho 
Greek"  Church.  On  the  yi-t  of  May, 
Count  Ne*»<'lrfMle,  tho  Ku«>-ian  MiTiister 
c«f  Fi»reign  Affairn,  addresseil  a  note  to 
tlie  i'orie,  in  whirh  the  threat  was  made, 
that  in  a/#»/»  vffkji  the  RnMinn  troojts 
%oouU.  reeeive  orders  to  cro-ss  the  Otto- 
man frontier,  not  to  make  wnr,  Ui\  to 
ob;ain  a  mateiial  guarantee  a-*  a  ^ecrurity 
for  the  righu  rhiimed  by  the  emjieror, 
milcris  the  Turkish  Governrn'-nt  wunld 
promptly   accept,  without    any  change 


whatever,  tlie  tiotc  delivered  by  Prince 
Men^chicotr  before  his  de|»arture. 

We  have  in  thecic  few  parugraphe 
given  as  full  a  notice  of  the  cau-e  of  tho 
present  war  between  Ru>sia  and  Turkey, 
as  the  nature  of  this  article  either  de- 
mands or  alhiws.  It  cannot  be  denied 
that  the  Ci induct  of  J^ussia  in  this  atVair, 
has  been  summary,  overbearing,  and  in- 
solent, especially  in  tho  second  stages  of 
it.  Even  in  tho  first,  tho  discus-ions 
concerning  tho  sacred  places  the  empe- 
ror reported  to  the  extraordinary  e»)ur>e  of 
addressing  an  autograpli  letter  to  the  Sul- 
tan, in  which  he  charged  tho  Turki>h 
Government  with  acting  in  bad  faith. 
And  in  the  second  stage,  Prince  Men- 
schicoirs  conduct  at  Con^tantinople  wtis 
outrageous,  in  refusing  to  call  on  tho 
Minister  (Fuad  Eft'endi)  of  Foreign  Af- 
fairs, and  insisting  on  a  ]>er^>nal  inter- 
view with  the  Sultan;  and  this  con- 
trary to  tho  usages  of  the  court,  on 
Friday^  the  Mussulman\s  Sabbath.  This 
gave  great  otfencc  to  the  Sultan  and  his 
mini>ters. 

Of  subsequent  negotiations  we  need 
not  say  much.  The  Sulian,  contemphit- 
ing  the  sti>rni  that  was  gathering  and 
preparing  to  burst  on  his  country,  in- 
voked the  inter|M»sition  of  France  and 
England,  and  they  endeavored  to  induco 
Austria  and  Prus^ia  to  join  them  in  sus- 
taining the  cau>e  of  the  weak  against  the 
htrong.  I{u<i>ia  in  vailed  and  took  pos- 
sesion of  the  trans'Panubian  Principal- 
ities of  Wallacliia  and  Mtildavia.  At 
tirst,  the  pretext  wa**  the  de>irc  to  have 
a  "  material  guarantee "  that  Turkey 
wouhl  eomply  with  her  demands ;  atter- 
wards  the  ordering  of  their  respertivo 
fleets  to  the  watt-rs  <»f  Constantinople, 
by  England  aiul  France,  wa-»  the  pretext 
for  this  high-handed  measure.  Indeed, 
the  entire  diph>m.itic  corresinrndence  ot 
Itus>ia,  including  the  proclanuitions,  even 
of  tho  emperor  ad«lre«.J4.'d  to  his  own 
peitjile,  during  the  summer  and  autumn 
of  1H5:J,  is  degradeil  and  disgrfu'iMl  by 
an  unftaralleleil  amctunt  of  ba^e  Nhiilliing, 
in>npiHirtab!e  nrni;rauce,  unworthy  <lis- 
Hinulatiiin,  and  open  and  downright 
fal-eh«MMl.  In  this  respeet,  the  n-nlriisl 
between  it  and  that  of  l^»rd  Chinnilon, 
M.  Drouyn  de  l/huys,aml  KeM-hiil  Pa>ha, 
the  thn-e  ministers  4 if  EnL'land.  France, 
an«l  Turkey,  for  F»»reit'n  Atrair%  is  very 
remarkable.  The  ti»ur  |H»w«'rs  made 
many  efforts,  through  iheir  embas^adoni 
at  Vienna,  to  prevent  re-<irt  t«t  tho 
Bwonl;  liut  it  was  all  in  vain.  At  one 
time  the  dc-^ired  (dijeet  heeined  t4»  be  on 


542 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Russian  War, 


[Nor. 


the  point  of  being  accoiiipliislicd.  Bat 
Turkey  would  oiily  oiijrajjre  to  allow  tlio 
Orthodox  ((Jrook)  Chiircli*  to  partici- 
pato  in  the  advantages  aororded  tn  oilier 
Cliri>tian  coinnuinions,  a7so  svhjicts  of 
the  Forte.  Just  hire  turned  the  whole 
difficulty. 

And  here  we  cannot  but  think  there 
was  sonicthin^r  deeper  than  what  inuets 
the  evt'.  That  Turkey  should  deny  to 
Russia  nil  right  to  interfere  in  whsit  cnn- 
cerns  the  internal  administration  <»f  her 
artairs,  was  legitimate  enough.  ]>ut  wo 
are  not  able  to  nee  why,  if  the  Turkish 
Ooverninent  a]l<>ws  France  and  Austria 
to  interfere  in  behalf  of  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic or  I-iitin  Christians  t  residing  in 
her  dominionsi,  as  she  certainly  has  done, 
she  sliouhl  not  allow  Russia  to  interfere 
to  the  snnie  extent,  in  behalf  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Greek  Church,  in  similar 
circumstances.  And  if  the  Porte  grants 
special  immunities  and  privileges  to  com- 
muniiios,  convents,  itc,  of  Latin  or  other 
Christians,  who  are  not  her  ftuftjcrts,  we 
do  not  see  tliat  Russia  is  to  be  blamed 
for  demanding  that  these  same  immuni- 
ties and  privileges  sliould  be  granted  to 
Greek  Christians  who  are  subjects  of  the 
Porte,  and  tenfold  more  numerous  than 
its  Latin  subjects.  This  point  France 
lias  fully  comprehended ;  and  here,  we 
think  we  ^ee  her  hand,  and  that  of 
Rome,  too.  France  knows,  and  the  Popo 
knows,  that  if  the  Sultan  should  grant 
what  Russia  has  demanded,  there  would 
be  an  end  for  ever  to  all  "  special  favors," 
in  behalf  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Churcli 
in  the  Turkish  dominions  I  Hence  the 
pnu'ipti tilde  and  zeal  with  which  France 
espoused  the  cause  of  the  Sublime  Porto 


in  this  affair.  ITence,  too,  the  zeal  in 
behalf  of  flic  cause  of  Turkey,  manifeated 
by  the  Roman  Catholic  arcbbishopd  of 
Paris,  Lyons,  Quebec,  and  their  dioceses 
in  all  parts  of  the  world.  They  call  it 
a  "  Holy  war,"  a  war  against  a  '*  Schis- 
matical  Church,"  in  their  mandemens  or 
circulars  to  their  clergy,  in  which  they 
exhort  them  to  pray  for  its  success.  The 
Popo  is,  doubtless,  pleased  to  see  Protest- 
ant Kngland  engaged  in  that  war,  by 
tlie  side  of  Roman  Catholic  France ;  and 
would  be  still  better  pleased  if  he  conld 
see  Prussia,  Sweden,  and  every  other 
protest  ant  country  engaged  in  veal-ening^ 
if  not  destroying,  n  .schisniatical  church 
ftnd  nation,  who  have  no  Bvmpathy  vith 
Rome. 

Well,  at  length  Turkey  declared  war 
against  Russia;  and  certainly  her  achiere- 
nients  in  the  v.illey  of  the  Danube  hare 
been  worthy  of  her  ancient  renown.  In 
Asia  she  has  been  less  fortunate.  After 
months  r>f  negotiation  and  delay,  Eng- 
land and  France  also  declared  war  against 
Russia ;  but  up  to  this  time  their  deeds 
are  fiir  from  corresponding  to  the  hopes 
to  which  their  preparations  and  their 
promises  gave  rise.  After  the  nufortunate 
alfair  at  Sinope,  the  combined  fleet  took 
possession  of  the  Black  Sea;  but  with 
the  ex«eption  of  an  attack  on  Odessa,  and 
some  less  important  places,  it  has  done 
nothing  worthy  of  note. 

There  are  five  things  which  onght  to 
be  done,  and  must  one  day  be  dime,  if 
Russia  is  to  bo  disarmed  of  her  tremen- 
dous iK>wer  to  do  evil  by  inflncncesfrom 
without.  1.  Tho  reestablishment  of 
Poland,  with  something  like  her  an- 
cient limits — giving  her  a  pt»])ulation  of 


*  It  1."  remarkable  that  Count  Ncfl^olrode  repeatedly  asferto  in  hU  corrcBpondcnre,  thtit  aU  the  rIfEhtii  and 
pnviU'Ki's  claimed  by  KviMia,  in  behulf  of  the  Greek  Church  in  Turkey,  arc  fully  guaranteed  bj  previoin 
tre^ticd,  |>;irtic-ulurly  those  of  Kalnardjii  and  Adriauople.  Then  why  demand  a  mihU  or  con\-cntfOD«  vane- 
t;<iiir«l  by  ;i  m-w  treaty,  unices  It  be  to  geek  occasion  for  a  quarrel  with  Turkey?  It  \9  worthy  of  rt-marit, 
that  In  the  treaty  uf  Kainariijii,  the  Purte  cnpafrca  to  protect  the  ChrUiiun  (not  the  Greek)  religlou  and 
itd  churclK-n  ;  and  ponuitted  the  RugMan  embassador  to  make  a  pica  in  behalf  of  a  specified  Oriek  Church, 
aiiil  its  atliiiil.'iiitii.  Tht-  treiity  nf  Adrlauople  (1$29)  merely  conflrina  tlie  articles  of  the  prcrlons  treaty.  N* 
iiientidu  is  made  of  the  (rr€ik,  or  any  particular  community  or  Bcct. 

One  uf  the  mo^t  remarkable  tliingn  in  MenvchicofTs  flr^t  comraunicationa  with  the  Porto,  whcu  enroy- 
cxtniordinary  at  Constantinople,  was'thc  fact  of  his  cmpho'ing  the  exi>ression,  "privileges  of  the  CatAviS^ 
(tr'Vo.linf^Mi.in  FiiithV  to  de!»ipnate  the  Greek  Church  in  Turkey — thus  seeking  In  a  corert  way,  to  Ideatifr 
that  church  with  Kiissia,  a  country  with  which  it  has  no  real  conncctjon,  and  never  had. 

t  Much  wa«i  said  in  France  as  well  as  in  Kngland  against  the  recent  demand  of  Uussia,  in  regard  to  Ihft 
Clirl.^lians  of  th«  (JnVic  FiiUh.  It  was  pronounced  to  l>e  a  demand  for  a  pr<4tvtortiU^  and  ntterly  Inroa- 
Fi.Hti.-nt  with  the  rights  of  an  lndi.>pendent  State.  Tlie  demand  was  declared  to  be  outrageous,  mod  wholly  . 
inadmissible,  lie  It  so.  Wc  have  no  doubt  that  it  was  inconsistent  with  all  proper  indi-pendonce  of  the ' 
T^rki^h  Gnvcrnmeiit.  Uiit  it  dilftrred  in  nothing  from  what  Krunce  and  Austria  have  demanded  In  regard  to 
Roman  Catholics  residing  in  Turkey.  The  proof  of  this  wa«  furnished  even  in  the  midst  of  the  diHcassioBf 
in  qui'stinn.  It  was  t)iu«  :— The  Turkish  Uovernuient  ordered  the  sul\iects  of  the  Kkig  of  Greece,  rusldiof  at 
mvri:hant^.  artisans,  A:c.,  in  Con^itantinoplo,  and  we  believe  other  cities  of  the  empire,  to  quit  the  country, 
OH  aciTouDl  uf  their  supposed  complicity  with  the  recent  Greek  insurrection  ia  Epirus,  Thessaly,  and  other 
parti*.  Itut  what  did  the  French  embassador  at  Constantinople  (Baron  Barnguay  dUIillien)  do  in  tht 
easel*  lie  instantly,  and  with  tlireats,  demanded  that  "  Greek  Catholics,"  that  is  Greek*  who  were  mcmbcn 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  should  not  be  included  in  this  peremptory  and  ruinoua  order.    Here  waa  a 

SroUrtoraU  with  a  witntrss,  us  Sir  Stratford  de  Redcliffe  Justly  maintained.  And  vhat  vaa  the  resaltf 
aragnay  d'lIUllerii  was  ri-called  by  the  Emperor  of  France  to  be  punished,  by  being  appointed  to  oommand 
the  French  troop*  sent  to  the  Baltic,  and  with  tlie  bdton  of  a  Jtarthal  of  France  I  And  the  "CatboUe  Grcdu" 
have  remained  undisturbed  at  Constantinople. 


1654.] 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Eussian  War. 


543 


20,000,000.  2.  Tlic  reeslaMislimcnt  of 
Hungry,  (rivinjr  licr  tho  entire  valley  of 
tlie  nanulhs  to  t!io  lilack  Sea,  which 
wonUl  make  !icr  population  at  lonst 
«5.0CH>,(»uo.  3.  The  union  of  all  (Ji-r- 
many,  wirh  her  4*2,'Hii),ni)Oof  people,  un- 
der i  mo  efVet'tive  lint  libcr.ll  jjovennnont, 
prf»l»altly  a  t'odiTa!  rupnhlic.  4.  Tho 
c«>n!i<»liiiation  of  Italy  under  one  pood 
^vcrnnient.  5.  The  hrin^ng  of  tho 
tkandinavjan  countries — Sweden,  Kin- 
land,  lieninark,  and  Norway — under 
CMHs  pivurniMont,  with  Copcnliapen  for 
itii  capital.  Hut  when  will  the  world 
ae«  ail  ihcM  thin<^i  brought  about? 
Perha]>!i  jmoner  than  any  ono  now  nnppo- 
fles,  pHjd  reader.  The  tendency  in  Europe 
kAri  lung  been  ti»wurd.s  the  recoii>tnic- 
tion  of  (vnvernrnents  on  the  ba^s  of  na- 
tionaliiy — tho  only  truo  exponent  of 
which  i!»  Language. 

But  let  us  return  to  Rii^^-ia.  Tho 
prejieut  war  will  do  nothing  to  diiiiliiish 
her  territory ;  [lerhaps  litrlo  or  nothini? 
to  dimini>b  her  power.  What,  tlien,  is 
to  be  her  FrrrRK  i  T\i\^  is  a  gi^?at  ques- 
tion ;  let  us  look  at  it. 

It  H  clear  to  our  luinds^  that  Hufisia  is 
destined  to  bo,  ijorhnps  for  centuries,  ono 
of  the  (Treat  powers  of  thu  world.  In- 
deed it  U  evitlent,  we  think,  that  her 
power  will  increase  until  she  will  be  by 
far  the  btrr»npe«-t  country,  not  only  in 
Euro[»e,  but  in  tho  Old  World.  She  is 
BOW  very  priwerl'ul — in  fact,  unc<mi|uer- 
able.  The  Tartars,  tlie  Turks  tho  Poles 
the  Swedes  and  tlie  French  (with  tho 
••greflte-it  capt.iin  of  twelve  centuries  at 
their  head"),  alt  t;iile<l  to  con«pier  hor. 
And  yel  Knssi.i,  save  in  t!u»  lant  in- 
■tanoe,  was  nothing  in  conipnrison  with 
what  ^he  is  now.  Let  a  few  facts  bo 
borne  in  mind. 

1.  Hii^-ia  i>«  a  country  of  vast  extent, 
aa  we  liavo  sln»wn  in  our  loriner  nrtirle. 
lieavini^  out  of  view  tho  Asiatic  por(i<»u 
(ai  well  as  the  Anieriran),  as  bein:r  com- 
paratively of  little  account,  oxeeptiiijr  a-  a 
p^iht  tPiijtjtui  in  retrard  to  central  and 
easitem  Am.i,  and  havinL^only  soinethin;; 
like  /ire  mitiians  of  iidialiitants  at  pre- 
■ent,  iu>twith*itandinir  its  almost  borind- 
lest*  dinien>ions,  we  must  not  I'ltruvt  that 
Ru-«ia  in  Kurof»o  embraoos  2.<»*J"»,oog 
square  miles  and  is  much  larffor  than  all 
the  rest  of  that  c<intiiient;  and  althiiu.di 
innch  of  its  northern,  and  M»me  oi  its 
aontbern.  and  e»ipeeially  its  sout boast i-rn 
portii»ns  are  incapable  of  iiustainini;  a 
great  iifjiiulatinii,  tho  roMuinv*  of  the 

Seat  central  rojjion — (ireat   UiN-ia,  or 
uscoi-y — and  tiio  western,  embracing 


tho  modem  kinplom  of  Pnland,  havo 
immense  resources,  which  are  as  yot  but 
l>ariially  <leveloped.  Kven  now  thoro  is 
a  larpo  interit>r  trailo  cairied  on  on  her 
Houtliern  rivers  (tho  W«»!L'a.  tho  IKui,  tho 
Dneipor,  and  thu  Hnoisrer),  as  well  ns 
on  hor  northern  (tho  Vistula,  the  Nio- 
men,  the  Duna,  the  Neva,  tlie  Dwina, 
and  even  tho  far  di>tant  Petohora  or 
Ijma,  (misprinted  Li  wit  in  our  for- 
mer article.)  The  heail  ht reams  of 
several  of  these  southern  and  northern 
rivers  almost  interli»ck  on  tliojrreat  table 
lands  in  tho  centre  of  tho  ooiintry,  and 
are,  in  fact,  connected  by  a  system  of 
Ciinals,  connnonced  by  Peter  tho  (Iroat. 
Uy  means  of  those  cliannel"*  of  cnnnniui- 
cation  in  tho  summer,  and  by  roads  in 
the  winter,  an  hnmonso  (pmntity  of  pro- 
ducts, natural  and  maun  fact  iired,  make 
their  way  to  the  preat  cities  and  seajKirts, 
either  directly,  or  thn»u;rh  tho  ftiirs  of 
Nishni- Novgorod  (on  the  Wol;;a.  250 
miles  ca«t  of  Mtiscow).  and  some  twenty 
other  places  in  the  empire.  The  amount 
of  business  dono  at  these  lairs  does  not 
fall  mnch  short  of  one  hundred  millions 
of  our  dollars  per  annum,  and  is  stea<iily 
incroasini*. 

2.  The  i»onulation  of  Rus<ia  in  Europe 
maybe  safely  stated  to  be  ttiihj-thref 
milt  torn  at  the  present  lime,  and  that  of 
tho  entire  emi»iro  at  Sfrenty  millions. 
No  other  povernment  in  Kuro|K)  lias  in 
one  country,  or  in  many  rontvjuofu 
countries  so  lar^o  a  nninbor  of  souU 
under  its  sway.  .\nd  yet  the  iM)pulalion 
of  Kns^ia  must,  in  tho  la:i^e  of  half  a 
century,  inueh  exceed  one  hundred  mil- 
lions for  it  now  increaM".  at  tho  rate  of 
one  It  ml  a  hitlf  2'*'r  '""''■  animally.  In 
the  early  ami  midtUo  centuries  of  tho 
(*hri>tian  era,  it  was  not  fMK<iblo  tli.at 
the  |io]in!alion  ttf  Uii>*>ia  Cduld  bo  either 
pri'at  or  inereaso  ra|«idly.  Tlie  iidiabit- 
ants  were  but  very  jiartially  civili/od, 
and  many  of  them  pursiie'l  a  nnnunlio. 
life,  wbiih  is  imM»n>'i-teni  with  rapid  in- 
creas«».  The  various  trilie<  of  men  that 
roanu'd  nvi-r  its  va<t  plains  were  often 
at  war  with  oarh  otln-r;  and,  as  if  that 
wi-ro  n»»t  oiionirh,  the  ineiirM  ms  of 
A.Matie  hordes  on  the  <nie  hand,  and  tho 
invaMiins  of  the  Lithuanians  the  Pules 
and  the  Swedes  <m  the  orl.iT,  attended 
often  by  wide-s]iread  and  lomr-nuitinuod 
do-olations — villages  and  t.iwns  sacked 
and  destroyed,  and  huinan  beinjrs  ^^ 
well  ax  herlls  anil  llorks  -wept  away — 
ofreii  concurred  to  cnniplete  ilie  picture 
of  nn«iery.  It  was  not  po->ible  that  iho 
population  of   the  country   should  in- 


544 


Oatues  and  CoMequences  of  the  Muaian  War, 


[Nor. 


crease.  In  tho  early  part  of  the  eight- 
eenth century,  Peter  tlie  Great  caused 
tho  first  census  to  bo  taken.  It  inchided 
little  more  than  Great  Kussia,  or  Mus- 
covy, which  then  liad  only  nine  millioni 
of  jHiople;  now  it  has  thirty -four  or 
thirty-Jive  millions. — ^Tho  increase  of  the 
entire  empire  is  gradual  bnt  steady ; 
that  of  the  Euroi>ean  part  may  be  said  to 
be  rapid,  and  increasingly  so.  -And  what 
must  tho  population  of  that  country  be 
one  hundred  years  hence?  What  will 
it  be,  in  all  probability,  two  liundred 
years  hence?  It  would  bo  a  very  low 
estimate  to  nay  that  it  will  be  two  or 
three  hundred  millions.  Certainly,  the 
country  is  abundantly  capable  of  sus- 
taining three  or  four  times  its  present 
population. 

Compared  with  Russia,  what  are  tho 
prospects  of  tho  other  countries  of  Eu- 
rope ?  Probably  every  one  is  i  ncreasing  in 
{)opnlation,  some  of  them  slowly,  and 
.4ome  of  them  with  considerable  rapidity. 
But  can  France,  and  Germany,  and  Eng- 
land, and  Spain,  and  Italy,  and  tho  Scan- 
dinavian countries  bo  expected  to  have 
any  such  incroit^  as  Rus.Ma  must  long 
continue  to  have  ?  When  will  they  see 
their  respective  populations  doubled? 
And  if  they  should  see  thatfact,  how  will 
they  stand  indiiidually  considered,  in 
this  ro?i>ect,  in  comparison  with  Russia? 

3.  But  what  is  mfwt  of  nil  worthy  of 
remark  is  tho  fact  that  Russia  is  evi- 
dently destined  to  attain  vast  power 
throupli  the  homogencoxtsness  of  her  po- 
pulation. Even  now,  this  state  of  things 
is  apparent  and  striking.  The  great  and 
dominant  portion  of  her  inhabitants  be- 
long to  Sclavonic  race.  That  race  is 
estimated  to  euibraco  eighty  millions  of 
souls,  of  wliom  iifty-six  or  fifty-eight 
millions  live  in  Russia.  Tho  Sclavi  of 
Russia  in  Europe  constitute  the  great 
trunk  of  that  i*ace.  Muscovy  may  bo 
considered  the  home,  or  birth-place 
rather,  of  that  race.  There  the  language 
is  spoken  in  its  native  simplicity  and 
purity, — even  in  many  caso.^,  by  tho  pea- 
sants and  other  laboring  people. 

This  sublect  has  been  well  treats  by 
Count  A.  de  Giirowski  in  his  able  and 
invaluable  work  entitled  Ru.ssia  as  It 
la.*  Accortling  to  this  excellent  autho- 
rity, the  Sclavi  of  Russia  have  little  or 
no  difficulty  in  ctmversing  with  any  of 
the  branches  of  the  great  Sclavio  family, 
a  fact  wliich  shows  that  they  «[yQok  the 
**  mother  tongue  **  of  the  race,  and  that 


variations  and  differences  fonned  among 
these  and  smaller  portions  of  the  ntoe 
are  dialects.  Hence  tlie  iubabitants  of 
Muscovy  and  all  Central  Russia  con ver^ees 
with  readiness  with  tho  Sclavonic  races  m 
Poland,  in  Hohemia,  in  Moravia,  in  Hun- 
gary, and  in  the  northern  parts  of  Tar- 
kt^y,  and  in  Northern  Asia,  even  to  the 
uioutlis  of  the  Amour.  Fifty-six  or  fitty- 
eight  niillions,  out  of  seventy  millions  of 
the  population  of  Russia,  speaking  the 
same  language !  What  a  fact  1  and  what 
a  mighty  bearing  it  must  hare  on  the 
dc<&tinies  of  that  nation  and  of  Europe  I 
Never  has  the  Old  World  seen  anytliing 
liko  it,  out  of  China, — ^if  indeed  that  ooan- 
try  constitutes  an  exception.  In  our  own 
great  country  there  is  a  parallel  to  it^ 
The  English  language  is  evidently  des- 
tined to  be  tiie  common  language  spiiken 
over  our  vast  country,  and  possibly,  one 
day,  that  of  tlie  entire  of  North  Ame- 
rica. At  all  events,  so  far  as  the  United 
States  and  the  countries  north  of  them 
are  conceme<l,  tho  English  language  will 
unquestionably  abs4)rb  every  other  lan- 
guage which  may  come  in  its  way.  So 
will  it  bo  with  the  Solavonic  language  in 
Russia.  In  process  of  time  the  other 
languages  and  dialects  of  that  great  em- 
pire will  be  merged  in  it.  Tlie  tme 
policy  of  tho  government  will  ooneor 
w^itli  other  and  obvious  causes  to  bri^g 
about  this  result. 

But,  what  a  bearing  this  great  faot, 
wo  repeat  it,  must  have  on  tlie  deaciniea 
of  Russia,  and  perhaps  of  Enrope  entire! 
Notliing  can  be  more  natural  than  that  the 
offshoot5  of  the  Sclavom'c  stem,  where  ibey 
are  numerous  enough  to  constitute  a  de- 
cided majority  of  the  ]X)palation,  should, 
in  process  of  time,  be  absorbed  into  the 
great  race  residing  in  Russia.  Shoald 
Uiat  be  the  case,  the  limits  of  Russia 
may  extend  still  furtlier  to  the  west  and 
southwest ;  especially  if  it  should  prove 
true  that  the  small  remnants  of  fonner 
nations  and  tribes  still  existing  between 
the  great  Sclavonic  race  inRusttiaand  the 
Teuttmic  race  in  Germany,  have  a  greatei 
affinity,  through  the  medium  of  langnsge, 
or  religion,  with  the  former  than  with 
tho  latter.  However  this  may  be,  it  ii 
easy  to  see  an  amazing  expansion  or 
growth  rather  of  the  Sola  vie  race  in  East 
ern  Europe  and  Northern  Asia.  The 
day  must  come  when  the  Sclavi  will  have 
an  overshadowing  influence  in  tlie  Ea«t- 
em  Hemisphere,  especially  in  thft 
northern  portions  of  it.     Sliall  that  iii- 


*  PaUiih«d  »  few  moDtlui  ago  b/  D.  Appleton  k  Go. 


1854.] 


Cauies  atid  Consequences  of  the  Bussian  War. 


545 


flaence  bo  fi»r  gooiW  Or  bliall  it  be  for 
evil  ?  Tlieso  are  moineiitoiis  iiuvstiou:*. 
We  ore  noi  sanguine,  but  uiir  Iiu|k's  pre- 
pon«ltfrate  over  our  leans.  Wo  will  give 
oar  reaiiDiH. 

If  tiie  stiito  of  the  world  were  wliat  it 
waA  four  ceiuurii>d  ago,   our    opinions 
wuulfl  be  wry  diUVrcnt  t'nnn  what  ihey 
are.     At  that  |H.*rioil  the  civilization  of 
Euroi»e,  WcMtcrn  as  well  a;*  Kitstorii,  was 
exceedingly  low.     Hrute  force  liad  much 
ini»re  influence  on  the  destinies  of  man- 
kind than  it  has  now.     Knowledgo  was 
pii-4iei«ed  by  the  few ;   the  ma*-ses  wero 
ignorant,  and  had  no  share  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  nation!).    Ic  is  far  otlicrwiso 
BOW.     Civilization  has  advanced  greatly 
in  all  Chrisrendoni.    The  arts  and  scien- 
ces have  made  astonishing  progress.  The 
inaiises  live  in  greater  comfort,  are  far 
better  educated,  and  have  more  know- 
ledge of  their  rights  and  of  the  duties 
MA  well  as  the  nature  of  civil  {roverninunt. 
The  opinion, — the  conviction  rather — 
Ihat  the  people  hhould  have  their  just 
influence  and  >hare  in  the  government, — 
inasmuch  as  the  State  ought  to  be,  and 
may  bo,  as  inipcirtant  and  as  dear  to  one 
man  as  to  another,  to  the  poor  man  as 
t«i  the  rich  man,  to  the  unlearned  lut  to  the 
learnciK — has  gained  ground  mo>t  ox- 
teUMvely  in  all  the  civilized  countries, 
esTiecially  tho^^s  in  whiih  the    protestant 
ivHgion  prevails.      These  bentiment^  nro 
gaining;  ground  in  the  woHd  every  year, 
and  indeed  every  day.     It  is  not  in  the 
p«iwer  of  any  g«ivvniiuent  to   exclude 
tlieni  long  from  the  spheiv  ui'  its  action 
and  rontr«il.     The  great  Kefnrmalion  of 
the  sixteenth  Century  gave  birth  tolhe^o 
opiniotui,  and  lias  du[ie  much  to  pnipa- 
pLie    them. — Tho    pre^s,    with    all    its 
powers  ;  the  iMimmon  s«'hool ;   the  popu- 
lar nieeiiiii;,    however  small ;    the  rail- 
nmd:  tlie  steamh  ».it ;    the  electric  tele- 
graph, are  all  cotiirihutiug.  more  or  less 
directly,  to  make  men  think,  imjiiire,  re- 
flect, ami  resolve.     It  is  not  p«».--»ilile  that 
any  govfrnnienl  c-in  very  Ion:;  endure 
in  theM'  tiriu'^.  in  whifli  the  I'Kori.K  do 
nof   iMi-,M-.s  in  u  fimd  degree,  their  civil 
an<l  reli:ri«»ii'i  ritrhf*. 

In  evt-ry  part  nii'hristcndom  th«se  in- 
flueriei.4  are  at  Wiirk.  with  more  or  less 
activity.  Kven  tii.*  great  Sclavic  rare  aro 
beginning  to  fi*el  them,  and  in  this  case, 
contrary  to  what  has  been  the  proL'.-ess 
of  nmral  as  well  as  tho  natural  li;rlit, — 
from  ea^i  Ut  wc-it, — the  truth  is  spread- 
ing fnim  we?.ttoea-t.  Tlie  Scla\i  who 
have  |>enetrated  turthest  wotward  ia 
Europe,  and  taken  up   their  abode  in 


Eastern  Prussia,  in  Bohemia,  in  Moravia, 
anil  in  Hungary,  have  a<iv:HU'ed  m(»>t  in 
civilization,  and  in  the  knowledge  of  iheir 
civil  ami  religious  rights  and  will,  at  no 
very  distant  day,  be  prejmretl  to  vindicate 
them. 

Tho  true  light  is  penetrating  further 
ea^t.  The  Poles  in  Au>tria  and  Hus.-ia, 
and  the  Sclavic  Christians  in  Turkey  in 
Europe,  feel  its  inUueme.  Still  more:  it  is 
felt  even  in  PuKsi:i,  the  very  seat  ami  homo 
of  the  Sclavi.  The  pn>gress  may  he  slow 
for  a  time.  He  it  so;  nevertheless  there 
u  pmgre^s,  and  that  is  a  fact  which  is 
full  of  h(»iK?.  Jt  is  tho  "day  of  small 
things,'^  which  is  not  to  be  de<i]*i>cd. 

There  is  a  great  disi»osition  in  cvrtiiin 
quarters. — {Uirtly  throui^h  ignorance,  and 
partly  through  prejudiw, — ti>  underrate 
the  progress  of  tilings  in  Ku^sja.  IVoner 
allowance  hiLs  not  been  made  for  thefaet 
that  it  is  only  within  a  century  and  a  half 
that  Russia  has  l»eguu  to  be  in  any  si*nso 
an  European  country.  It  is  still  more 
Asiatic,  so  far  as  tho  masms  are  con- 
cerned, than  European.  And  becauso 
this  is  so:  because  they  do  not  tind  there 
tho  civilizali«)U  of  Great  Uriiain,  of 
France,  of  Germany — in  a  wonl,  of  west- 
ern EurojK* — there  are  men  who  atUvt  a 
coniempt  that  is  unworthy  of  them,  for 
everything  in  IJussia.  Many  forget  that 
liu.ssia  is  in  a  traujtUiim  atate  ;  lliey  ft»r- 
gct  how  nmiiy  ages  Invo  marke<l  tho 
gradual  progre>s  of  civilization  ami  civil 
and  religious  liberty  in  We>tvrn  KuroiK*, 
even  in  the  countries  nu»^l  atlv.-mcAMl; 
they  forget — even  Eii:;li.-hn>en  I«»rget — 
that  the  MaciNA.  Cmai:t.v  was  given  by 
King  John  in  the  year  1215,  tliat  is  C:J1I 
years  ago.  There  are  among  oiir-elves 
n«it  «»nly  Americans,  but  also  Germans, 
Frenchuieii,  Pules,  and  Italian^  whohavo 
come  hither  from  coimtries  where 
scarcely  a  particle  of  liberty,  civil  or 
religious,  is  to  be  fouml,  who,  neverthe- 
less, nio-t  vociien>u>ly  rail  at  the  despot- 
i.sm.  the  ignorance,  and  the  low  state  of 
civilizatitiii  \.^i  Uu->ia.  Such  men  are 
wholly  incapable  of  appreciating  what 
has  been  ilom — what  is  how  dfin:*— in 
that  great  country.  CVriainly  >u«h  men 
shoulil  lay  nt»  claim  to  the  iM»>M'SMon  of 
philos4iphical  and  Ciirisiian  spirit.  Let 
us  loi.k  at  what  is  g  -ingoti  in  that  great 
c«»untry,  as  well  as  what  has  been  done 
within  tlic  last  century  and  a  half.  As 
we  called  the  attention  of  t!.e  reader  to 
this  subject  in  the  latier  part  of  our  for- 
mer article,  we  shall  give  i:  nothing  more 
tlian  A  cnup  (I'^'fU  at  present. 
Tlio  education  and  manners  of  the 


546 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Bussian  War, 


[Nov. 


Ligher  classes  have  greAtly  improved; 
this  cannot  bo  donicd,  however  much 
there  is  still  to  desire. 

Manufactures,  ajrricnlture,  and  com- 
merce have  advanced  greatly  within  that 
period.  Uus>ia  had  no  commerce  worth 
speaking  of  when  Peter  the  Great  came 
to  the  throne.  Siio  had  not  a  port 
except  Archangel  on  the  White  Sea;  her 
manufactures  were  ru<le  and  Asiatic,  and 
Iter  airriculturo  was  little  better  than  that 
of  the  savage  state.  The  government  is 
doing  much  for  the  interests  of  their 
great  national  industries. 

There  was  not  a  good  road  in  Russia 
when  Peter  the  Great  ascended  the 
tlirone.  A  giX)d  deal  has  been  done,  and 
much  has  been  commenced  in  this 
direction.  Several  railroada  have  been 
made  in  Poland,  one  has  been  made  from 
St.  Petersburg  to  Moscow,  and  anotlicr 
M  making  from  St.  Petersburg  to  War- 
saw. The  day  will  come  when  Russia 
will  bo  covered  with  railroads. 

The  education  of  the  middle  classes,  as 
well  as  of  the  lower — especially  the  serfs 
of  the  Crown — has  made  much  progress, 
however  much  remains  to  be  attempted. 
One  of  the  best  of  the  ministers  of  the 
emperor,  M.  Ouwaroft'— a  scholar  and  a 
gen  tic  man — is  at  tho  head  of  this  depart- 
ment. At  the  sanio  time  universities 
liave  been  founded,  and  tho  interests  of 
fiterature  have  been  not  a  litUe  pro- 
moted. 

However  rigorous  the  government 
may  bo  in  punishing  offences, — civil, 
political  and  criminal, — there  have  been 
great  ameliorations  in  the  laws  within 
the  last  150  years.  Tho  administration 
of  tho  courts  is  bad  enough  still ;  never- 
Uieless  there  has  been  progress  here  also, 
as  we  could  easily  show. 

The  term  of  service  in  the  army  and 
navy  has  been  considerably  abridged,  and 
that  service  is  much  improved.  Excel- 
lent military  and  naval  schools  have  been 
cslablislieil,  as  we  have  shown  in  our 
fonuer  article.* 

Tlie  relations  of  the  serf  to  his  master, 
as  well  as  his  rights  and  duties,  are  bet- 
ter defined,  and  his  position  is  greatly 
ameliorated. 

There  are  ninety-five  newspapers  in 
Russia,  and  sixty-six  magazines  and 
periodicals,  devoted  to  tho  proceedings 
of  learned  societies.  Of  these,  seventy- 
eix  newspapers  and  forty-eiglit  maga- 
zines are  in  tho  Russian  language.    The 


rest  are  in  the  German,  French,  English, 
Polish,  Latin  (one  newspaper),  Georgian 
and  Lettish.  We  are  not  sure  that  tbero 
was  one  newspaper  published  in  the 
empire  when  Peter  tho  Great  took  the 
helm  of  state  into  his  own  hands,  in 
1G89, — one  hundred  and  mxty-fiye  years 
ago. 

There  has  been  a  good  deal  done  to 
diffuse  the  sacred  Scriptures  in  Russia, 
and  much  to  circulate  religious  tracts 
since  1812,  and  not  in  vain.  The  great 
fairs  furnish  admirable  opportunities  for 
scattering  tho  truth  far  and  wide. 

Tho  laws  of  Russia,  consisting  of  the 
ukases  of  tho  czars,  liave  been  codified 
within  a  few  years,  and  made  more 
intelli^ble;  and  a  law-school  has  re- 
cently been  opened  in  St.  Petersbarg^ 
the  first  ever  seen  in  Russia. 

Although  tho  censorship  of  the  prese 
has,  probably,  not  become  less  rigorons^ 
yet  it  is  better  regulated  than  it  wasw 
With  the  exception  of  works  on  politioal 
subjects,  and  such  as  advance  opinioos 
on  the  subject  of  religion  hostile  to  the 
Greek  Church,  there  is  but  little  difficulty 
in  getting  anything  through  tho  censor- 
ship. However  rigid  tlie  censorship  may 
be,  a  vast  amount  of  important  know- 
ledge on  almost  all  subjects  is  annually 
published  in  Russia.  The  Tract  Society 
publishes  nearly  two  hundred  different 
tracts,  in  many  languages,  which  set 
forth  clearly  the  great  doctrines  of  sal- 
vation, without  attacking  any  form  of 
faith  or  worship. 

The  ''Holy  Synod,"  in  matters  con- 
cerning the  National  Church  (the  Greco- 
Russian)  and  tho  "Senate,"  exerts  an 
intermediate  and  important  influence  in 
the  aflfairs  of  the  government.  And 
there  is  far  more  independent  action  on 
tho  part  of  the  "  communes,"  or  town- 
ships, and  larger  civil  "  districts,"  in  the 
management  of  local  affairs  than  most 
foreigners  have  any  idea  of.  These 
communes  will  one  day  he  the  normal 
schools  of  real  liberty  in  Russia. 

We  might  enumerate,  if  necessary, 
many  other  subjects  of  great  moment 
relating  to  the  state  of  things  in  Russia, 
and  in  regard  to  which  there  has  been 
much  progress  within  a  comparatively 
short  period.  Wo  have  stated  enough 
to  show  that  there  is  progress,  and  that, 
too,  in  the  right  direction.  The  next 
hundred  and  tifty  years  will,  probably, 
see  a  far  greater  progress  than  the  last 


*  Through  ■omeconnuioD,  tho  mDltary  school  at  T«anko-S61o  wm  tpoken  of  In  oar  former  artid 
Mwd  Bchool ;  the  naral  fchool  refSerred  to  U  at  PeterhoU;  near  Oronatadt.  There  are  five  naval,  ud 
been  mUitaiy  academies  In  Runla. 


article  ai  a 


1854.] 


Causes  and  Consequences  of  the  Russian  War, 


547 


Lave  done.   Rtis-iti  is  bccoiiiiiig  more  ami 
more  an  Kunipfan  oountry. 

A  inij?lity  cliun;;o  is  piinj?  on  silently 
and  graduully.  llur  A>i:itic  despotism, 
her  ^><iriV//»,*  tir  that  peculiar  auto- 
cracy of  the  emperor,  whieli  f^eeuis 
to  have*  come  t'n<in  an  imitation  of 
the  Tartar  I*rim*es  «if  Ka«san  and  Astra- 
kan,  and  the  Khans  i>f  the  (>inii*a, 
vril]  pvc  place  to  a  cun^itiTutiitnal  nmn- 
arrhy — or  olse  to  a  lUpuMiel  Ni>r 
w  tlie  day  of  this  ^Tcat  clinnjre  a-*  far 
distant  as  many  suppose.  The  "Czar- 
ovitM'h,*'  or  heir-apparent,  i-*  an  enlight- 
ened a!id  amiable  man,  and  mneli  re- 
femhleH  hi."*  uncle,  the  late  Kinjteror  Al- 
exander, after  whom  he  has  Ken  nanied. 
He  wtw  iH»rn  in  April,  1818,  aiid  oon-c- 
qui-ntly  is  'iij  years  of  ii;;o.  Should  ho 
survive  his  father,  he  will  come  t.)  the 
thnme  at  a  mature  ai'c,  and  hjiviii-^  c(m- 
siderai'le  experience,  and  not  as  his  fath- 
er, who  w:ls  called  to  the  throne  niiex- 
fiectciliy  to  hiniself  (his  older  brother, 
C<ns::intine,  ret'u>inj.'  to  talvc  it,  in  ol»e- 
dience  to  a  compact  made  with  his 
broilier  Alexander,  three  years  beforo 
the  death  of  the  latter),  ai  the  a^'e  of 
2t«,  and  wiih  scarcely  any  experience  in 
public  atTairs.  (iitod  meti  in  Ivus^ia  Itavo 
ft»r  years  entertained  >:reat  expectations 
from  iiim.  His  character  is  amiable, 
and  hi>  nnnd  well-infnrmed,  thouj;h  not 
remarkable  f<»r  siren^rth.  lie  is  a  lover 
of  fHfaee,  and  of  tlie  arts  of  pence.  Ho 
is  the  auth«>r  ff  s<U!ie  of  the  be-t  niea- 
iures  ptinjr  forward  in  Ku.-sia,  one  of 
which  is  the  railma'!  enrfrj»rl«ie.  Wo 
h.ivc  heard  him  ileploiv,  \\ith  mucli  miu- 
j.liciiy  and  earne-tuf-s,  tlie  ba«'k\vard 
ttate  of  ]Cu<isia  with  rej;:iril  to  «-iviliz:i- 
tb-n.  It  is  repitrted  tliat  ho  is  oppo-ed 
to  the  preoeiil  war,  and  that  he,  *»n  tins 
acc«>unt,  is  not  «»n  tlie  be*t  term.-*  with 
hi;*  fatlter.  It  is  kn«>wn  that  he  has  in- 
lenedoi  wiflj  hii  fatlur  in  b«half  of 
di<tin(!u's!i«d  men  e.\ile«l  to  Slbi-ria  for 
politiijil  i.tl'tMHi-.  I:  In  |,..jMd  that  ho 
will  turn  his  afeiitii»n  ].r'i?riptly,  ami 
with   ciier^'V,  to   t'o-ir  ;rri-;it  s«jbiects  of 


reform: — Ut.  The  breaking  up  of  the 
whisky  (or  brandy,  as  they  call  it),  nio- 
no|Mily,  which  is  t»prea<linj?  ruin  over 
the  empire;  for  the  p»veninient,  in  order 
to  raise  a  revenue,  farms  out  the  rijjht 
to  make  and  sell  bnimly  (rye-w)iisky) 
in  all  the  province-:,  and  so  raises  at 
Ic'Lst  $;'J(;,OiM  1.000,  which  is  nlNMit  tho 
fifth  part  of  the  entire  revenue  of  tho 
emjiire.  2d.  The  alMditi(»n  of  slavery 
or  KTl'nire.  Tliis  his  father  seemed  K-nt 
\\\mx\  doinp  some  fourteen  years  ajr",  )int 
he  ha'i  relintpiished  tho  pn>ject.  He  ha^i, 
however,  taken  some  i^immI  prepar.*itory 
stei>s,  by  recommending;  to  Ids  noldes  to 
liberate*  tlieir  serfs  for  a  pecuniary  con- 
sideration. :jd.  The  reoi-jranization  of  tho 
pnlilic  cstab]i!>hments  of  ii}ucuii«>n,  and 
the  iiitroduction  of  a  popular  scl»«>rd- 
Hystem  of  nnivei'sal  openition.  4th.  Tho 
^rantiuj*  a  full  and  (••jual  meaMiro  of 
religious  liberty,  and  thus  oin'iiin^'  tlie 
d<Mir  to  uiiubstructiMl  reli;:ious  etfort. 
These  jrreat  mea«iures  wo  deem  funda- 
mental, and  absolutely  necessary  ti»  se- 
cure a  jrood  c«»nsiitntional  povernimnt, 
foundeil  on  the  basis  of  a  ]>roper  nymunt 
of  liiKTly.  Nor  are  we  without  hope 
that  Munethinjr  like  this  will  bo  at  tempt etl 
if  thi"*  prin<-c  sh<iuld  come  to  the  thnMie. 
We  have  ceased  to  ex|H:ct  an} thing  of 
the  S4»rt  from  his  father,  whoso  ^rranil 
errors  have  bit-n  an  inordinate  pa>-i/»n 
fur  nulitary  affairs — for  having  an  im- 
njcnse  army,  and,  even  a  larco  navy,  far 
hirfrer  than  the  coiuFnerce  of  Ku-.-ia  de- 
luanils;  too  frreat  a  tondne--*  fi»r  y.'iY .••/*- 
iinj :  and  ttM)  great  an  attacbmrnt  Upt 
b"th  n»i:ti!ie  and  di-iplay;  and  a  creat 
neglect  of  the  truo  moral  wants  of  tho 
nation. 

As  to  the  Kinpcror  Nicholas,  now  in 
the  TiUth  year  of  liis  aire,  anil  still  in  tliO 
vigor  of  ids  lite,  if  i-«  not  ea-^y  to  sf^-ak 
of  him  in  term-*  which  will  sati«*fy  either 
hi>  warm  admirer^  i)r  his  bitter  cnemie-*. 
15y  the  furmer  he  i'*  laude'l  as  if  )ie  w«i*o 
an  ANOF.!.,  and  by  the  latter  he  is  i?e- 
n»»unceil  as  if  ho  were  a  i»kmo:v.  Tall 
and   wi-ll-iornied  in   person,  [••r.-o-.-in'' 


•  T>»^  wiif!  f'jtir.  in  i::>-<.,-i!i.  !<•  -fi- It  T'-i^,  iwA  \*  not  ib-rivtMl  from  t'.r^'ir.  i>r  K'ti'^'^i'  {ihr  ('>•  n.  in  '■••m 
•f  *'»»j»r.  tthij  n-.w  •'i.*!Mr>.i.jf  .M/.#/i»/i.  a-  i.  .iiiy  li:i\v  ^>i|•|■>  iil.  TIh-  h.-trnc  wiir<l  iti-mrt  m  -' »•  lul  A»- 
•jruti  i.:uji*"i  n;<-r:!i..i.«-'!  ui  ijh  I'.^:--  ■-.•!»  .i-  N-  hti«!i.i.|'i« it.  ir,  \U l-huxnr,  awl  nih.  r-»  »fii'  !i  i-  r-.-  i:i  it.*  in 
■•ir,  v^'.  li 'iiTMll" /«'-<' ri>.,  IT -^i  #.'■'• 'Kf/.  r'c'i/i«//f  t,:t4  I"' n  rrii] '.ii.v<  •{  to  N'.k'ii  fy  th.it  j-'nl.ir  :ii.  I  i  in- 
||}.M'call]r  A»i.iiii-  *\i!li..r:ty  whaf.  !!•.•  •fnp.  r-ir^  nf  U'i^om  h:ivc  :i'-«|iiirril.  nml  »},h»i  ;ipp'  ii«  !■•  |-.ir;.iki.  t<4 
l}.i«  n«iijf^ 'if  rill*  niy-trr:-.!!*.  ;ir..|  i-..:i  O..'  »'i|i'Thiiniikii,  in  t!i«  •"•lluiJOinn  i-f  the  n...-f- -.  •  »i- c  al'y  the 
mt^HJilM '.r  \>' 'A'!%ut*  .^-..ii.t;  i.f  o.M  .i..jifr..r4  li.i^f  iilT«rt»tl  il.i*  'IN'.ml  uu.i  wnpi-i  ••.»«■'■■»».!••  xmth.r.'y, 
whii'b  I*  «••.  iht«Mi  ■.  !y  A^'ii'..-.  Afi-r  th"  ni.'Uiii«r  of  tin?  »iii'-|i  nt  kini:«  nf  Il.iliyl"n.  P-r-ii.  rtti  I  "tli-r  «'H.ritr.-«, 
Biarh  Mii-r-  ilia'i  •n.-r-.  |vti-r  tJ.--  Or--  if,  h.vl.  wi'h  nilMi  fr'TiS"ni  i>f  ni:itinvr«,  »"ii.-tl..iiC  ''f  Uim  r'.aractvr. 
flon.1- nf  /riifi*  |i.|i|  i!,nii:rli  i.f  i«,  ii!irii«-ii!.iry  Iv:in  tlif  Ti-rriM-,  wli'ini  w..«  Uis>'  i-.ir."l  lvi.n  II  . '.n  i  ur 
forniiT  »n:r|.".  Ifi-  w.i.  tf,..  j-.-.-mh.!  /I'.in  I'.tirfii'itM-h,  but  n  i'.ii:ini-i,|y  i-iU.«.|.  >■»  h  •.  t.inv'it-.  |i:in  IV.  Ar- 
eurdmir  t.i  ilm  ctiunuTAii- ii,  tli<«  lialf-hrotlii-r  "f  VkU'T  thi*  On-At  w.f*  Iv.in  V.,  .in-l  lh«"  ^u^'r^■m*^>r  if  lf*«s 
EiKprr-M  .\nu>.'  was  Iv.iri  Vf ,  i:)4|.  .i.iuf  Iv.in  III.  In  lh«»  furni'T  ca»i.'.  ;in'l  Iv.i'i  IV.  im  ih.-  I.ut«T.  ■%■*  ripfis. 
•«nt<:d  In  our  f'.Tincr  artlcU*.  Thoru  ij  a  g>ioJ  iJeAl  of  cnufui^Iun  in  the  Ku-^tan  hhiurki  ,In  rvUt.ou  to 
IkcM  Dftiuei. 


548 


CbiMM  and  Consequences  of  ihs  Russian  War, 


[Not. 


large  blue  eyeB  and  features  of  great 
beauty,  wearing  whiskoiH  and  a  bhort 
niou?;Uohe,  and  carrying  biinself  wiili 
groat  dignity,  lie  is,  phyitically  con^^i- 
dcrcd,  the  beau-ideal  of  a  prince.  In 
dis(M)siti(in  lie  is  said  to  be  naiurally 
anntible ;  and  for  a  long  time  his  cha- 
racter was  believed  to  be  frve  from  the 
Btain  of  innuorality.  But  a  change  baa 
been  going  on  fur  years.  Posse<.sing 
great  determination  of  mind,  and  an 
iron  will,  his  temperament  has,  in  the 
lapse  of  ahiu>st  thirty  years  spent  in 
wielding  a  power  by  many  deemed  ab- 
solute, been  greatly  and  oven  sa<lly 
ofiocted  by  daily  collisions,  resistance, 
aud  disappoint ment.  His  countenance, 
which  in  younger  years  ollen  wore  a 
m(«t  winning  smile,  is  now  become 
Kterner,  and  otten  severe  and  re[)ulsive. 
Beuevoient  impulses  have  otlten  led  him 
to  portbrm  generous  and  noble  deeds; 
but  it  is  equally  true  tliat  his  treatment 
of  political  offenders  of  a  high  rank— es- 
pecially in  cases  aiming  at  the  over- 
throw of  hi^  throne,  as,  for  instance, 
the  attempt  at  revolutiou  on  the  day 
(December  2G,  1825)  of  his  ascending 
that  til  rone, — has  often  l>cen  har^h  and 
nnrelenting.  The  Russians  hny  that  tlie 
czar  ought  to  have  an  iron-hund,  bnt 
that  it  slioiild  be  (fhred  I  It  is  certain 
tJiat  the  Euifieror  Nicholas  sometimes 
forget*  to  put  on  the  glove.  As  seen 
promenading  in  the  midst  of  a  thousand 
courtiers,  majestic  and  stern,  he  api>ears 
to  be  what  ho  is,  the  very  embodiment 
of  the  ezarism  of  which  we  have  spoken. 
^^  It  is  not  good,"  said  the  old  and  ex- 
cellent liernadotte  of  Sweden,  when  near 
his  eightieth  year,  "  for  kings  to  become 
old."  This  is  but  too  true ;  for  if  na- 
turally amiable,  they  are  in  danger,  in 
old  age,  of  falling  under  the  iutiuence  of 
favorites,  and  giving  up  the  reins  to 
them;  if  decided  and  firm,  they  are 
in  danger  of  becoming  (jb.-*  tin  ate  and 
tyrannical.  Nicholas  is  illustrating  the 
latter  of  the^e  positions;  ids  brother, 
Alexander,  illustrated  the  fonncr. 

As  to  the  future  of  Russia,  it  is  easy 
to  forsee  that  the  grent  Slavic  race  which 
constitutes  her  entire  population,  with 
the  exception  of  twelve  or  fourteen  mil- 
lions, and  is  destined  to  absorb  them, 
will,  as  It  advances  in  civilization,  be- 
come amazingly  powerful.  Count  Gu- 
rowski  has  justly  represented  that  race 
as  naturally  mrlined  to  amalgamate  tcilh 
and  absorb  (ttlier  races,  instoid  of  annv- 
hilating  them,  as  the  Teutonic  nations 
have   done.     It   haa   some   wonderful 


**  destiny"  to  fulfil,  but  is  not  yet  vexy 
"  manifest."  Hitherto  all  its  instincts 
have  led  it  to  look,  so  far  as  its  aggressive 
course  is  concerned,  to  the  East,  or 
rather  to  Mohammedan  countries,  buch 
as  Khiva,  Persia,  aud  Turkey.  There  is 
not  a  moitjik  in  Russia  who,  if  he  knowi 
anything  at  all,  does  not  beheve  that  it 
is  the  grand  muntion  of  Russia  to  sub- 
jugate Mohammedan  nations,  and  destroy 
Islamism, — to  place  the  Cross  above  tho 
Crescent^, — and  this  because  of  the  in- 
suUs  and  injuries  which  Christianity,  in 
the  persims  of  tho  Russian^,  suffered  at 
the  liauds  of  Mohammedan  Mongols, 
and  Tartars,  and  Turks.  Any  war  with 
Turkey  will  be  ix)pular  with  the  masses 
of  Russia,  who  belong  to  the  Greek 
Church. 

But  it  is  possible  that  by  coming  into 
contact  with  Western  Europe,  they  may 
at  length  conceive  tho  idea  of  conquest 
in  that  direction — especially  in  the  por- 
tions of  it  in  which  there  are  remains  of 
the  Sclav ic  race,  as  in  the  etistem  parts 
of  the  Austrian  Empire,  and  the  king- 
dom of  Prussia.  It  may  be  Uiat  there 
is  danger  for  Western  Europe  from  that 
quarter.  Bonnparte  predicted  that  all 
Europe  will  become  Cossack  or  Repub- 
lican. As  to  the  danger  in  question — 
should  it  arise,  it  must  be  met  by  the 
united  energies  of  the  nations  of  West- 
ern Europe.  They  are,  and  long  will 
be,  abundantly  able  to  meet  and  repel 
tliat  danger,  if  they  will  be  united.  It 
is  clear  that  Russia  can  have  but  little 
hope  of  success  in  such  an  enterprise 
— even  if  headed  by  an  Ivan  the  Ter- 
rible, or  a  Tamerlane — for  these  fifty  or 
one  hundred  years,  unless  the  We?tem 
nations  become  infatuated.  And  long 
before  one  hundred  years  pass  away, 
there  will  be  a  Power  in  Western  Europe 
which  will  be  invincible  by  all  such 
assaults.  It  will  not  be  Monarchy,  with 
its  feudal  institutions  and  ideas,  bnt 
Democracy, 

But  czaric  despotism  will  not  be  in 
existence  in  Russia  a  hundred  years  from 
this  time,  but  constitutional  monarchy, 
or  better  still,  a  well-established  Repub- 
lic, unless  the  cause  of  republicanism  is 
to  bo  retarded  other  half-centuries  by 
the  frightful  excesses  of  vain,  conceited, 
irreligious,  and  consequently  immoral, 
red-republicans,  of  tlio  French  School 
of  1793,  and  1848.  But  we  hope  for 
better  things  from  the  increase  of  popu- 
lar education,  the  diffusion  of  know- 
ledge, and  the  progress  of  a  pnre  Biblioil 
Christianity  which  is  now  seen, — bIoW| 


1854.] 


Ootuies  and  Consequences  of  the  Russian  War, 


640 


bnt  steady, — not  only  in  Western  Eumpe, 
but  als^u  in  Hiis-i:!  itself.  We  cuntess  to 
being  olil-fttshi«»neil  enoii^^h  to  b«.lievc 
that  i\*ptil»]ii'an  liberty  (fiiid  there  is  little 
e!-e  that  U  wiirth  iniieh)  i««  iin{M>s>n»Ie 
withont  virtue,  and  virtue  is  iiiipos^iiblo 
without  relitjion — the  rclit?ion  of  the 
Saviour,  which  inakos  n  man  feel  that 
he  i«  a  man ;  not  superstition,  which 
makes  men  tho  tool»  and  slaves  of  a 
prie^r. 

Aj*  to  Russia,  there  arc  48,000,000  of 
people  who  are  serfs,  and  22,000,000 
who  are  not,  of  whom  abi»ut  750/jUO  are 
noble-i.  Subtrnct  both  serfs  and  noble;*, 
and  you  have  more  than  21,000,000  iiiei^ 
chants  and  traders,  artisans  of  various 
classes,  pi'a^iantd  and  fohlicrs.  These 
millions  are  advancing  in  knowled;;e  and 
civilization.  They  will  constitute  the 
great  htais  on  which  free  institutions 
moot  rest.  Several  millions  of  these 
people  live  in  cities,  towns  and  villages. 
fci};tit  million^  arc  in  the  Principality  of 
Poland,  the  Bahio  I'rovinces,  and  Fin- 
land, and  Bessarabia.  Two  millions  and 
A  half  are  Protectants.  Among  these 
21,000,000  are  to  be  lound  all  the  mercan- 
tile activity,  most  <if  the  enterprise,  and 
much  of  the  wealth  of  the  empire.  Nor 
must  we  forget  the  influem-e  of  the  parish 
priests  of  the  Grec(>-Itu<sian  Church — a 
Church  which  includes  50,000,000  souls, 
out  rif  70,000,1  »00  of  fieople,  who  con- 
stitute the  entire  population.  This  body 
of  |«riestH  is  great  ;  and,  including  their 
faiiiilie-,  tlu*y  constitute  a  ct^te  of  half  a 
million!  The  priot-*  of  ihu  Greek 
Church  in  Kus-ia  niiHt  be  married  men. 
They  are  poor,  iiiany  of  them  ignorant 
and  degraded,  and  >i>me  of  them  intem- 
perate and  immoral.  We  have  seen 
m.iiiy  of  them.  They  are  not  nni%'er- 
milly  the  drb:is>'il  and  immoral  >ot  which 
•«ime  \\riters  have  rfpresenteil  them  to 
bo.  There  are  man}*  excellent  men 
among  tiiem — virtuous  men,  iiitvlligeut 
men,  anil  good  men.  And  tiieir  inlln- 
ence  i'*  immen>e  amon;;  the  ma-.ses. 
They  live  aMiniu  the  iii:i«.-C".,  a— ociate 
with  the  maTC**,  ^yIllp:lthi/.e  with  the 
m.'ij*^'- ;  and  when  the  day  con.e-,  tliey 
will  xhniw  their  tni^rhry  intbierice  into 
the  M'alc  of  p(ipid:ir  rights,  and  the  lib- 
erties of  the  peojile.  They  have  litilo 
nympaihy  wiih  t!ie  noble^  and  tlie  otli- 
ci:il  myrmidoiH  of  the  throne.  Uu^Ma 
tia"*  felt  the  intluence  «jf  her  priests  for 
goot)  in  many  an  evil  hour.     She  o^es 


•  We  ofti  n  womlt-r  thni 
Tlie  duor  ii  oitcn 


her  liberation  from  the  Tartars  very 
much  to  them.  Tho  protestant  clergy 
(clrctly  iu  coiiipiered  Finhni  I  :iiid  tho 
Baltic  province-)  will  be  found  in  the 
riL'ht  p)a«'e  when  their  help  i-*  needed, 
and  so  v.ill  their  fieople.  Nor  should 
we  overl«K»k  the  ^'Dis-eniers"  in  Kussia, 
more  than  a  million  in  number,  who 
have  let\  the  National  Church,  among 
whom  there  are  many  excellent  ]H.*o|)le — 
resolute  i)eople,  who  have  enduret!  o|>- 
pre^sion  and  even  persecution.  Where 
will  they  bo  in  the  graml  struggle  for 
liberty  ?  The  question  needs  no  answer. 
The  freedom  of  Kus.Ma  will  probably 
spring;  fnun  a  religltms  movement.  It  is 
to  such  a  movement  that  Kngland  and 
these  United  States  owe  their  liberties 
and  their  free  in-.fituti»ms.* 

Nor  will  the  lower  chn^h*  of  the  nobles 
gt>  en  moMtc  with  desp«tti'4m.  Nor  will 
the  wr/rf,  as  they  advance  in  knowledge, 
as  they  are  certain  to  do,  lie  wanting  ti> 
the  friemls  of  liberty  in  the  j:ran<l  and 
protracted  struggle  which  is  drawing 
near. 

So  much  in  the  way  of  s{)ecubition  on 
the  future  of  Kus.-ia.  Our  readers  will 
see  that  we  are  not  di>iM)se<l  t(»  ItHtk  oidy 
at  the  dark  side  of  the  iiierure.  Wo 
have  some  contidence  in  humanity,  but 
a  va.<«t  deal  more  in  (tod,  and  His  great 
and  g<HKl  purptKes  in  relation  to  this 
worbl, — Kus-iia  included.  As  to  tho 
I»resent  war,  it  is  not  likely  to  do  more 
than  re>train  the  am]uiii»n  of  the  em- 
peror, and  >ave  Turkey  for  a  >ea<on. 
S'eiiher  Au^^tria  nor  l*rri->ia  \\ill  i^^^  into 
it  heartily,  nr  at  all,  if  they  «'an  help  it. 
France  and  England  and  Turkey  will 
have  to  go  ()n  without  thi-ir  arfh-f  aid. 
Their  neutrality  is  MHiietliing.  e.«.ptrially 
if  Au-^tria  keeps  ItiiN-^ia  (-ut  of  the 
**IVinci|ialitie-,"  as  !»he  seem-*  n-olved 
to  do.  We  had  hoped  that  the  war 
Would  be  a  short  one  ;  but  Ju-t  now  the 
pro>pei't  is  not  mt  favorable  tor  pcai-e. 
ihit  who  can  tell  what  may  be  thecotitin- 
gencie-i  of  the  coming  winter?  F.uri>iio 
i>i  in  a  MUgular  state.  The  ih  a;h  of  tiio 
Eiiipen-r  i»f  Kus-ia,  or  the  Kmpenir  t»f 
France,  would  haveauama/.iuu'  intlaeneo 
on  tlm  pn-M-nl  position  <if  thin-'-. 

It  wjLS  i»ur  purpo-se.  in  co'ielmlim;  this 
article.  it>  Jv'iy  wmiethiitg  re>;.irtii»g  the 
w^jrkn  which' have  been  written  on  Uu<- 
Ha.  A  few  Words  mu-t  -unii-.'.  If  any 
one  de-iiru*  to  gel  a  general  view  of  the 
literature  of  IJii->ia,  anil  e-ip*  daily  of  her 

I  Oie  frUnils  of  nn  FvMnirenriil  pAUh  In  iMii  luml  •!«  »o  little  It  niri-KJ  th.-  Truth  in 
I  for  iniuenflc  eff'jrU  Iu  th«  dittribuUuu  of  ruligiuui  tmcU,  suU  to  boiiiv  eslint,  tta« 


550 


Cau9e9  and  Conaequencei  of  the  fiuMtoii  War. 


[Nw. 


authors,  let  him  get  and  read  Professor 
OitcB  excellent  work ;  it  has  been 
translated  and  published  in  England. 
8chniUlcr^%  volume  on  the  Universities 
of  Russia  is  very  valuable,  as  are  his 
other  works  on  that  empire.  Of  recent 
books  of  I'raveUm  Kussia,  that  of  the 
Marquis  do  Custine  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
imiK)rtant;.  but  it  abounds  in  French 
prejudice,  enormous  exaggerations  in 
regard  to  the  discomforts,  vermin^  and 
almost  everything  else  witli  which  lie 
mot.  Nevertheless,  M.  do  C.^s  book 
contains  many  truly  philosophical  views, 
and  ouglit  by  all  means  to  be  read.  He 
has  understood  the  Orienttd  or  Asiatic 
cliaracter  of  the  country  better  than  any 
other  modern  writer. '  llis  representa- 
tions of  tlio  Greek  Church,  and  its  in- 
iiucnce,  are  far  from  being  correct.  In- 
deed, if  one  umy  judge  from  his  astound- 
ing ignorance  of  Protestantism,  it  ought 
not  to  appear  surprising  that  he  has  not 
done  justice  to  the  Greek  Church  of 
Kussia.  M.  do  Custine  is  too  much  of  a 
Koman  Catholic  to  do  justice  to  the 
religion  of  Russia.  Anotlier  Frenchman, 
M.  Mormidr,  has  written  a  very  read- 
able book  about  Russia,  but  it  is  super- 
ficial, and  abounds  in  misstatements.  As 
to  M.  do  Lagny's  little  work  (which  has 
been  i-epublishcd  in  this  country)  it  is  a 
very  i)oor  affair.  The  TraveU  in  Russia 
of  our  liimeuted  Stephens  is  a  very  inter- 
esting book,  but  treats  mainly  of  things 
which  lie  on  the  surface.  The  work 
of  Mr.  Maxwell,  entitled,  "  The  Czar^ 


his  Court  andpeople^^  is  an  excellent  oiuii 
and  contains  much  valuable  information. 
Of  Count  A.  Gurowski^s  Russia,  as  It  la, 
we  have  spoken  elsewhere.  It  is  the 
best  of  all,  on  many  accounts — the  most 
impartial,  pliilosophical,  and  hop^uL 
Several  works  have  recently  appeared 
in  England  relating  to  Russia.  Oli- 
phant^s  Russian  Shores  of  the  Baltie 
may  be  read  with  advantage,  though  it 
is  far  from  being  free  from  prejudioe. 
As  to  the  Rev.  Uenry  Christinas^s 
"  Nicholas  I.,"  it  contains  considerable 
information,  but  it  is  too  much  made  up 
of  extracts  from  Marmier,  Lagny,  Oh* 

Shant,  and  others.  It  b  remarkable  that 
[r.  C,  writing  this  year,  should  not 
know  that  the  Grand  Duke  Michael,  the 
brother  and  best  friend  of  tlie  emperor, 
has  been  dead  nearly  five  years  I  He  is 
far  wrong,  in  what  he  says  on  the  snlject 
of  religious  liberty  in  Russia.  As  to 
the  older  works  on  Russia,  written  by 
Englishmen,  that  of  Dr.  Edward  Clarke 
is  most  interesting.  Archdeacon  Coxe*s 
work  contains  much  information.  Bofy 
row's  Travels  in  Russia  is  a  superficial 
work,  and  is  now  of  little  worth.  Balked 
and  LeitcKs  works  (published  some 
twenty  years  ago)  are  worth  reading,  and 
so  are  the  two  volumes  of  the  Marquis  of 
Londonderry,  for  they  contain  much 
valuable  statistical  information  respecting 
the  trade  of  Russia^'ith  Asia.  Among  the 
works  written  in  England,  long  timea^ 
we  may  mention  John  Milton's  Moscona^ 
which  is  still  worth  reading. 


AT  LAST. 

IT  comes  at  lost  I  the  hour  so  long  awaited. 
The  hour  that  weary  Hope  so  long  foretold. 
It  finds  the  strength  of  Passion  unabated. 

It  meets  a  love  that  ne'er  grew  faint  nor  cold; 
Forgotten  is  the  dull  and  aching  sadness, 

Forgotten  all  the  painful  dreary  past, 
I  hoar  thy  words,  I  see  thy  glance  of  gladness, 
I  press  thee,  darling,  to  my  heart  at  last ! 

I  do  not  know  if  jrears  have  dimmed  the  splendor 

That  early  passion  found  within  thine  eye, 
I  only  feel  its  lovelight,  soft  and  tender, 

Charm,  as  it  charmed  me  in  the  days  gone  by; 
I  cannot  tell  what  land,  what  fates  await  us, 

If  wealth  or  want  along  our  way  be  cost, 
I  only  know,  if  Fortune  bless  or  hate  us. 

That  heart  to  heart  we  live  and  die  at  last. 


1854.] 


551 


WATERING-PLACE   WORRIES. 


AFTER  withatandinf?,  for  thoso  five 
yeai^  the  annual  urgency  of  my 
wife  and  dauf^htcrs  for  a  peep  at  the 
seaward  border  of  our  frreat  nietroiK)]!^ 
dnriD^i^  the  soasdd  when  all  the  world 
flies  about  *'  like  thin  clouds  before  a 
Biscay  gale/'  I  prriniiiied,  in  some  des- 
perate or  li.ippy  moment.,  that  the  sum- 
mer of  1854  Jionld  not  paz$s  away  until 
I  had  give  them  a  taste  of  the  homo 
ocean  breeziH,  to  tay  nothing  of  salt 
water  and  roasted  clams,  the  proper 
dainties  of  such  e\(MirMons.  To  tell  the 
truth,  I  was  myself  nut  a  little  inspired 
by  the  animating  images  called  up  by 
the  talk  of  my  girU ;  and  I  fancied  them 
walking  on  the  beach,  with  good  thick 
shoes,  their  fair  hair  blown  back  and 
tendrilling  an>und  their  sun-bonnets,  and 
tlieir  cheeks  rosy  with  health,  early 
Lours,  and  exercise ;  or  sporting  in  ttie 
surf,  taking  the  wave  with  shouts  of  in- 
nocent laughter,  and  emerging  round- 
heailvd  and  sliiniiig,  like  seals  or  por- 
poisrs,  only  to  plunge  again  for  fresh 
exhilaration.  Wiio  does  not  love  to  see 
his  darlings  enjoying  themselves  in  the 
sports  pniper  tu  tlicir  ago,  tliat  '^  bring 
no  afterthought  of  pain/'  but  stores  of 
health  ami  gladiie^H,  and  ttic  power  of 
cheering  otlier^^  1  consented  with  a 
good  grace  (my  wif»j  s-iiil,  f'»r  once),  and 
was  as  impatient  for  the  day  to  come 
as  the  younge-it  of  the  party. 

What  plei-^ed  me,  e-perially,  and  m- 
leucvd  the  la-t  doubt,  wa-*  the  reiterated 
As>urancc  of  wite  niul  daughters,  that  no- 
body dre»«ed  at  U'K'ky  IJramli.  Not  that 
an  alto^retlier  rarailisdc  state  was  inti- 
mated, but  I  lie  exprev^i'in  was  (»tVr  red  :is 
a  t\pei»f  the  utter  imlitVerence  tj»  out- 
ward atloriiini-nt  in  wliieh  ladies  vi-iting 
Uie  Mja-Miore  habitunlly  indiil^'e.  *'  Why 
$AtfuiU  xUvv  ilre-s"  my  wite  would  em- 
phatieally  a-N.  "Why  >h«iiild  we  dre>s  jiiNt 
to  run  alioiit  in  the  >an<l,  or  <lrive  in  a 
Country  wa^on,  or  go  a  fishing  in  a 
muddy  hoaif''  Wliv,  indeed  I  it  wan  my 
own  Mfiitiment.  exartly.  S»  wu  w^rc 
all  of  one  mind,  and  the  tliird  <iay  <if 
July  wa>  lixcd  upon  a-*  that  of  happy 
escape  iPiiu  tite  heal  and  noise  of  the 
city,  I  lie  tlay  <■  unmrmitrativc  of  our  na- 
tional ii.tlep*  nd>.-nce  being  unhappily 
that  now-a-day-  eho-rn  by  tlie  "bttler 
cla!-se«"  (!)  to  >it'ii:tli/e  tiifir  contempt 
for  the  ru<le  pliMsurv-*  of  *Mhc  ma^-^e-*." 
4fii«r«,  whether  this  does  not  ap[K9ar,  to 


eyes  looking     upward,  something  like 
"kicking  down  the  ladder  ?'* 

])ut  we  had  no  time  to  philosophize. 
The  business  of  the  mumont  was  to  enjoy. 
The  day  being  decided  on,  and  the  jdan 
laid,  I  went  to  my  t»tlice  with  renewed 
spirits,  visions  of  rural  repose  and  quiet 
throwing  a  goMen  haze  over  musty  books 
and  oVr-lahored  pen  am!  ink. 

It  occasioned  some  slight  shock  to  the 
fair  fabric  that  hnd  sprung  up  in  my 
innigi nation,  to  find  that  the  very  next 
morning  atter  the  graiul  decision  .saw 
three  dress-makers  installed  in  (mr  mjw- 
ing-room  ;  but  as  I  had  not  been  so  silly 
OS  to  take  literally  my  wife*s  as>ertion 
that  no  dress  was  needed  for  a  jaunt  to 
the  Hea-sh«.>re,  I  made  no  remark,  though 
I  inwardly  ejaculated  a  hope  that  the 
Hojourn  of  these  I*arejo  might  bo  short, 
si  nee  much  experience  Iuls  taught  mo  to 
class  mantua-makrrs  (y/.  man-torment- 
ors ?)  among  the  ahsorl>ents,  in  no  com- 
mendatory sen>e.  A  day  or  two  after, 
coming  home  to  dinner  exhausted,  and 
perhai)s  a  little  cro-s,  not  a  lady  of  the 
family  was  to  be  foumi,  sntl  it  was  ten 
minutes  past  five  when  Mrs.  Q.  and 
the  girls  came  in,  like  the  .Mi-^s  Flambo- 
roughs,  "all  blowzeil  and  red  with  walk- 
ing,*' but  rather  H!i*nt  (tor  a  while),  and, 
to  si)eak  within  boiMid^,  in  not  much 
better  humor  than  iny-elr".  Tlii-^  hail  tho 
effect  of  what  is  <:illed  at  the  West  a 
b:u:k-tire,  wliirli  tiiey  kiu«Ilo  ai»out  tlio 
home^-tead  to  prevent  lliat  which  ap- 
jiroache-*  from  the  forest  tVoni  becoming 
tt)o  de-^tructive.  My  ill-humor  was  ch.'is- 
tised  and  kept  umhr  by  tlie  rvidenoe  of 
disappointment  and  di^plca-uro  on  tho 
faces  of  my  dear  »Mie-*.  1  Kiiil  nothing 
about  haviu'^  waileil  dinner,  btit  t»Mly 
asked  Onihlly,  I  a^-^urc  you)  what  had 
happened  to  <li*turb  the  uewly-arrivcd. 

Tlii"  brought  tlown  a  sli.»\ver  of  \vt)rds. 
All  ^pokt'  at  <»nc««,  and  it  wa-i  not  imiue- 
diateiy  that  1  could  di<i'over  the  mouhv 
of  unliappine>^.  Ihit  it  re-ulie<l  in  this 
—Madame  K.  (rele!»rated  for  making 
loves  of  ca[is  and  darlinL''*  of  !M)!ini'ls) 
"says>.he  canuiit  po-iMy  L'«"t  «iur  hats 
done  by  tlie  tliinl,  l»  tiu^i'  .lil  tlie  Hlooni- 
in;;fords  l.a«l  alieaily  hf^|'i»keri  their-*; 
and  the  (lo^^irs  iiud  the  Tames  tifirs 
a  week  ago.  Tlial'^  :il\v:iy-.  tin'  way  with 
Us  I  We  leave  eve:  j»  tliiiiu'  tiil  the  hist 
minute,  ami  tliaf'-*  iln-  reiH-m  we  never 
can  have  any  thin;;  like  t>tlier  pv.siple !'' 


552 


Watering-Place  Worries, 


[Not. 


This  glanced  rather  sharply  npon  me, 
as  my  habitual  reliictaDce  to  undertake 
expeditions  of  this  nature — a  reluctance, 
let  me  eay,  founded  on  much  experience 
— had  been  the  cause  of  delay  in  the 
present  case.  But  I  kept  my  temper, 
and  took  the  blame  meekly,  simply  ob- 
serving that  I  had  supposed  in  a  case 
where  no  dress  was  needed,  two  weeks 
would  afford  ample  time  for  preparation 
to  pass  three.  This  proved  an  unlucky 
venture,  for  my  wife's  feelings  were 
deeply  hurt  at  what  she  felt  to  Le  an 
imputAti<m  upon  her  well-known  econo- 
my. Did  1  suppose  she  would  buy  a 
single  thing  for  so  short  a  sojourn  that 
would  not  be  useful — nay,  necessary — 
afterwards?  And  my  daughters — were 
there  any  ^irls  in  town  that  dressed  so 
plainly,  and  with  so  little  expense  ?  Had 
not  Caroline  had  her  blue  silk  turned 
and  made  over  and  new-trimmed,  at  a 
cost  of  barely  ten  dollars,  and  Alida 
worn  her  mantilla  ever  since  April? 
There  was  certainly  no  pleasure  in  going 
anywhere,  unless  wo  could  look  like  other 
people ! 

Truths  like  these  are  never  disputed 
by  prudent  husbands  and  papas,  and 
from  that  time  forward  till  the  day  of 
our  migration,  I  never  opened  my  lips 
on  the  subject  of  dress  or  dresses,  nor 
my  ears  when  bonnets,  bracelets,  cash- 
meres or  cameos  were  in  question. 

My  good  wife  on  these  occasions  is  less 
intent  on  deceiving  mo  than  herself. 
.She  desires  in  her  heart  to  do  the  thing 
with  little  cost,  and  imagination  draws  a 
tlattering  picture  of  success  which  real- 
ity fiiils  to  till  out,  making  the  forgotten 
accessories  come  to  ten  times  as  much 
money  as  the  carefully  counted  must- 
have.  What  right  have  I  to  play  the 
master,  and  try  to  subsiitute  my  wants 
and  \vi>hes  for  hers  ?  We  look  at  the 
matter  from  ditVerent  points  of  view,  and 
only  the  petty  domestic  tyrant  forgets 
this.  Tims  l' lectured  myself,  and  re- 
solved that  no  frowns  of  mine  should 
embitter  the  taste  of  rural  pleasure  we 
had  all  prowiised  ourselves. 

All  I  stipulated  for  was  that  wo  should 
have  no  cumbrous  loads  of  baggage, 
cramming  our  little  lodging-rooms,  and 
tormenting  waiters  and  stage-drivers. 
0  I  certainly  not,  a  few  summer  articles 
could  not  lake  much  room ;  wo  would 
take  a  moderate  trunk  a  piece.  (I  have 
generally  found  those  single   trunks  to 

Sossess  a  good  many  branches.)   Bathing- 
rosses  were  of  course  in  request ;  and 
these  it  was  proposed  to  make  up  in  va- 


rious economical  ways,  ont  of  old  mate- 
rials ;  but  afterwards  my  good  wife,  with 
her  usual  foresight>,  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  when  one  is  getting  a  thing,  it 
is  by  far  the  best  economy  to  have  it 
good ;  and  so  she  purchased  varions  bril- 
liant stuffs  and  resplendent  borderingi 
for  herself  and  the  daughter?,  and  a  scat^ 
let  and  orange  outfit  for  myselt ;  so  that 
when,  on  the  night  before  onr  departure, 
wo  tried  on  this  "simple"  gear,  we 
looked  fitter  for  a  dance  of  witches  or  i 
bandit  pantomime,  than  for  sober  bathen, 
who  desire  no  spectators  with  better 
eyes  than  the  porpoises.  But  as  I  wis 
told  that  "  everybody  "  had-sudi,  I  had 
not  a  word  to  say.  Let  me  always  do 
as  *'  everybody  "  does ! 

The  days  of  preparation  completed,  we 
fonnd  ourselves  in  a  condition  to  set  oat, 
— comfortably,  my  wife  said, — and  the 
carriage  came  punctually,  and  New  York 
waved  her  fiery  sword  behind  us  to  chase 
us  away.   Two  men,  perspiring  profnsely, 
brought  down  a  trunk  abont  the  size  and 
shape  of  a  two-story  honse,  and  as  they 
rested  it  on  the  door-step,  I  conld  not 
but  congratulate  myself  that  my  dear 
Sally,  knowing  my  aversion  to  the  care 
of  a  complication  of  movables,  had  put 
the  family  luggage  into  so  compact  a 
form ;  for,  although  bulky  and  heavy,  it 
was  but  once,  and  all  was  over.    The 
poor   fellows    could  wipe  their  beaded 
brows,  and  go  their  ways.  Alas!  this  House 
of  Pride  was  but  the  advanced  guard  of 
an    army   of  baggage — a  trunk  apicee 
and  one  extra — as  good  tea- makers  put  in 
a  spoonful  for  eacli  of  the  company  aod 
one  for  the  pot.     O  for  the  days  of  trunk 
hose,   when  a  man  could  carry  in  bis 
pockets  wearables  and  eatables  (if  Ho- 
dibras  is  to  be  trusted),  enough  for  a  to- 
lerable campaign!  Mrs.  Partington  didn't 
wonder  that  there  were  '  trunk  railwajs,' 
nor  do  I.      Our  army  of  trunks  was  at- 
tended by  a  whole  park  of  flying  artil- 
lery in    tho    shape  of   band-boxe^    I 
demurred  a  little  at  this;  but  as  each  par- 
ticular piece  that  I  proposed  to  leare 
behind,  held,  as  I  was  assured,  soinething 
essential  to  the  comfort  and  respectabi- 
lity of  tho  trip,  I  was  fain  to  make  lh« 
best  of  it,  especially  as  my  daughters 
declared,  with  one  breath,  that  thearraf 
was  absolutely  nothing  compared  with 
what  Mrs. — '--  and  lier  two  daughieri 
took  with   them  for  a  single  week  at 
Rocky  Hranch. 

After  all, — I  philosophized  to  myself,* 
usual — though  wo  make  ao  much  selfish 
outcry  at  the  trouble  occasioned  byfemill 


i$u:\ 


Watifin^Fha 


rftetemtie    fit 

to  tn&kd   Lti'ire  (.^i  dijclinotiou 

Wtw^ftn  ^*inf^  rtrnl  Bliouli)  we 

nv  .  with  ladiei 

r  WK  lut  apiece! 

iip^iiiiijtiHhtp    of 
wlifi   4li<1i^nt  in 

wliOfo  d 

ftotid  b6  A  btU  &t  Rocky  Bratiicb,  and  mj 
4flpgM«ri  1ia4  to  ftnj  at  dome  fc)r  waiifc 
tii  «ve£iLng  drtaees,  wonW  ibu  n?rn«iii- 
tliftt  we  had  tmvt»ll<?d  ivithoni 
i*l»Di«e  console  me  for  tb«ir  lose  of 
tmtt 
Tliu»  1  reawmwl  nfWr  my  fisMon,  and 
mttk  fatind  timt  tlio  iieeiningl/  gf«at 
Doldce  were  not  aMo  t/j  destroy  my 
lire.  And  detormiiicii  they  Blumld 
,  by  my  nutam^  iiiCorfero  with  tiiat  of 
Ibera. 

I  twed  himdly  say  thnl,  to  a  man  like 
[nmcU^  tied,  fmm  yee^r^a  end  to  yearV 
',  to  Ube  dull  roulitna  of  buHinexis  lifo, 
m  Jonnwy  of  e^en  twenty  niil^  h  no 
"1  pWftire.  The  very  rroj%Ain|if  of  the 
ferry,  to  which  my  i»rfJinfiry  filfAirs 
neivi^r  fiU  iii^v  rvm  :i  delight.  Whctt  I 
^'  'V  0.Eid  itJi  bbndi, 

Dd  :  <^  Llint  had '^beian 

I  octt  tifKtn  tho  dcw[>  at  play/*  f  was  ready 
I  lo   wonder  ihit  unyUmv  should   eviP 
«vS»b  tty  r  '  for  health  ur  plen^iire. 

My   h<ru^  I    and  my  eye**  o^er- 

Sawed,  li^i  i  en  ^iLe  in  plated  the  xplendid 
m^pticX  of  my  native  Uiwn^  thtj  i^vidcn^eji 
of  l«sr  f»ro5|3*nty,  the  proTnistj  vf  her 
futu?i»  j»roH'niinL'nix\  Kveti  Lmdi»n 
ber^  '■'  n  ut  thtj  worhru  rommcroe 

and  icct,  ^aiff^dy  repo^H  oti  her 

rii'  with      murc^     mcij^ufiaeiit 

effk  !i    Lomlon  h  thi*  work  of 

IW'j   -    I  fonsw  w  N<^w  York  In  of 

two  hundred.  No  chy  on  ejirth  pfm^ 
9tmr^  varfi  M(j]iiiiiN.'d  tuitund  iidvaiitji,g^ 
»•  ^  .'ifVern- 

ta«ti  .  Miptiori 

cao— 

Hare  my  wife  whl»j>erei]  mo  that  ibe 
b«fwi  I  mw  th<^  Z —  fwmHy  i>n  board, 
with  uiiW  trnvcUinff  dre^iMM  t>mt  threw 
■         ■     ■  Tict 

Iti«-'  I  ;  V   part 

ftiM  t^  .'if  mn 

abof^      .^,,.       .  ^.,.,.  iijii.  Z-* 
(M  mora  bow  <»q  her  bannat  UiAii 
ilf  iHfl%  aAd  tba  MiMii  2»  blgliir  iMli 


t>  their  liul**,  ii(jfly,  brown  booU  than 
TMv  d'thL^lifrrN  Id  lUtlr  ditto,  bnt  ftirthar 
<'\  There  winut  haTe 
^rever,  for  it  conni- 
ikmbly  datnpetl  the  spirlte  of  our  party 
for  mnw  time. 

Once  6catc>d  in  the  nil1*oif,  tiler  our 
imped immta  had  been  arf&ly  itowod  nnd 
ticketed*  1  htid  leisnre  t*>  oh^rve  Itja 
varlon»  individual  and  pniiipg  tliat  were, 
hke  oiir^lveik^  setting  oiil  for  the  cunu- 
try, — III  any  cif  them   wdlHlre^sw)    icj.  r 

ehftfi^    '  f.  ..  .    ^     ^.,  "  t  ^  ^  ^  pectiiiar 

air   E  inoeia  wns 

jiiipuiLv..  ...  ,..^  ,.,,,  „..^  ...n^ctA,  par<Hii«, 
and  tlaftks  of  which  niai)y  of  thetn  were 
the  K^arerw,  4i8  they  rt'tiirnod  to  their 
eiEfiectant  fimilhefl  niter  the  lahiir**  nf  tho 
day.  My  i(nn(?irifllion  fullowed  tbeiri  to 
th«ir  rural  hoineii,  more  or  l^^  e^»gIlnL 
and  pitTtiirtd  |jrt'ntk%  loving  wiv^  ami 
fjur  aaijghteni^  awaittng  tinsir  return  iri 
vlne-Bhaded  porches,  whlU  tho  f^ettinf 
eim  fovured  the  hind!»oa{H»  with  a  tender 
plow,  tike  the  t}mh  of  a  sweot  welcome. 
I  ■     '       HO  many  of  our  mon  of 

]i3   these  pleasant  homcse 
j-M  >,  s  ^  from  tiie  city**  noiMe 

and  1  ;  t  le  a»t  ijo  I  \m  w  1  jat  re  ni o v  im] 

froni  \...^  y,',.j  r,  hftrdeniD^ b ■  +i  ■  - ■  ^ ■  - -"  The 
wcarineia  of  tome  of  tho  -i  me 

served  to  enhaneo  the  cxj . .  t  the 

seene,  fur  it  sujjge-jted  mo&t  11' r  i  .|v  j:,,! 
sweetiie»4  of  reijosof  and  the  v  .,  ,  ,  ,i1 
h*ppi ness  of  { ht*m  eooniry  ht n r i .  ^  *■< * > 
by  one,  nnd  grvmp  by  group,  wi-  J, .  .j.  i] 
the  hoiiie*goeri,  and  At  length  my  j'i>  i 
sant  reTerles  were  broken  by  the  -  *hi 
of  n  long  row  of  nncouth  Tobi* '  m 

up   at    the   fiidis   of    tlio    pbiL!  1 

''    '       '        ,      irtety  of  k'!  I 

taste  ac'  f 

ftinttsetJ  with  tho«o  anon  i 

and   I  he   throng  that  huitI^  ^ 

Uiem,  but  my  wife  put  to 
quiet  thoQghtu,  by  an  fvelatnu:.  .  ...ii 
we  Were  loeing  all  the  l»est  plaoae,  and 
might  even  find  onriielvee  wltboiH  uir 
\t}ijicv§  at  all,  tf  wo  did  not  make  a  tmk 
ami  take  eare  of  onr  rights.  Bo  on  wo 
djuhed,  pelbmell,  elbowing  and  i?lbowed, 
erowding  into  i»eaU  and  bf^ing  tnroed  out 
again  bv  iomabody^i  wieertion  of  a 
jirior  claim  \  Hfitlh  at  last,  I  tbuught  we 
wvro  finally^  \f  .  '  '  '  ,  «quee£ed  Into 
tome    very    tu  la    nook»   and 

Ofirncra,  wht»u  n  y^v*  ''■iiitgeifted  that  aU 
the  trunks  and  bondboue  were  atiU 
atunding  on  tho  plallorm,  and  tliat  I  had 
veey  moch  falSecl  in  escort  dntr,  in  not 
liannf  eoefi   tlitm   proparly  Mtl0wad 


dfli 


Waiering-Place  Worries, 


[No 


onUide  before  I  buried  myself  ia  the 
interior.  I  tried  to  do  tlie  necessary 
touting  from  a  window,  but  the  ladv 
who  occupied  it  remained,  as  it  scemedL 
totally  uuconsicious  of  my  desire,  and  I 
was,  after  all,  obliged  to  drag  myself  and 
my  boots  throng) i  the  flounces  of  two  or 
three  oiiiers  nutil  I  reached  the  scene  of 
the  melee^  wlien  I  found  the  last  piece  of 
luggage  had  just  been  hoisted  to  the  top. 
Once  more  1  had  to  pass  the  trowning 
ordeal,  amid  tlie  crush  of  skirts  and  the 
artillery  of  indignant  eyes,  before  I  could 
Bubsjido  into  the  welcome  obscurity  of 
the  comer,  and  take  up  the  thread  of  my 
thoughts  wofuUy  frayed  by  the  last  rub. 
Yet  I  could  not  help  being  amused  at  the 
impudence  that  provided  and  stowed 
such  carriages,  and  the  simplicity  that 
endured  tlitrm ;  and  after  I  had  sagely 
asked  myself  if  this  was  what  is  called 
*^  Pleasure,''  I  more  wisely  answered  the 
question  in  the  affirmative,  since  tlie  occu- 
pation of  my  own  thoughts  with  these 
novel  trifles,  had  already  served,  I  was 
conscious,  to  smooth  some  of  the  ruts  of 
care,  and  rub  out  a  few  of  the  wrinkles  of 
application.  Ck>unter-irritation  is  an  im- 
portant agent  of  medication-— of  the  old 
school,  yet  Iiomceopathio — and  I  acknow- 
ledged its  good  eflects.  Not  so  Mrs.  Q. 
and  the  girls.  Jam  is  not  good  for  ladies' 
crinoline^^  and  the  crowded  state  of  the 
coach  certainly  threatened  the  fashion- 
able orbiculiir  contour  of  skirts  too 
severely  not  to  have  some  eflfect  upon 
the  brows  of  the  wearers.  It  was  plain 
tliat  the  balm  of  rural  quiet  had  not  yet 
begun  to  make  itself  felt  among  us.  The 
coach  was  like  the  branch  of  a  tree  on 
which  bees  are  swarmed,  and  the  heat 
and  the  buzz  were  worse  than  Wall  street. 
Green  plains,  dotted  with  trees,  lay 
everywhere  around  us,a  perpetual  sooth- 
ing platitude,  like  some  companionships. 
Here  and  tliei'o  would  be  seen  an  old- 
fashioned  farm-house,  with  its  grass- 
plot  and  honeysuckles,  and,  perhaps,  a 
maid  with  a  niiik-pail ;  but  the  landscape 
had  no  imints  more  salient  than  these. 
The  fields  grew  sandier  and  more  thinly 
covered  as  we  ucared  the  ocean ;  the 
sea-breeze  met  us  with  a  flurrying  wel- 
come, and  with  it  came  a  cloud  that  we 
were  not  at  all  dispofHid  to  welcome — 
composed  of  myriads  of  mosquitoes  that 
had  evidently  come  a  long  journey,  by 
the  keenness  of  their  appetites.  In  vain 
the  ladies  veiled  their  &ces,  and  tlie 
gentlemen  plied  tlieir  handkorchiefa. 
Piquant  were  the  attentions  of  the  new- 
eomerBy  and  rather  impatient  the  gestures 


with  which  we  attempted  to  repel  them, 
while  it  was  provokingly  suggested  hr 
an  old  stager  tliat  if  we  had  only  rubbed 
our  faces  and  hands  with  camphorated 
spirits  just  before  we  started,  we  ahould 
have  been  in  far  less  danger  of  blotches. 
This  might  not  be  true;  but  it  annoyed 
us  to  think  it  might  One  of  the  greatest 
comforts  under  misfortune  is  to  think  it 
inevitable ;  and  I  have  always  dreaded 
thoM  good  people  who  feel  it  their  doty 
to  show  you,  when  it  is  too  late,  how 
easily  what  ruffles  you  might  have  been 
avoided.  Instruction  is  valuable,  but  it 
should  be  well* timed ;  one  does  not  care 
much  about  the  future  while  sutferiug 
from  the  musquito-bites  of  life. 

The  last  expanse  of  bare  sand  having 
been  passe<],  we  drew  up  before  a  piazza 
long  enough  for  St.  Peter's,  the  roar  of 
ocean  in  our  ears,  and  its  wind  stimulat- 
ing every  nerve.  I  sprang  out  of  my 
troglodytish  nook  with  a  feeling  of  de- 
lightful relief,  and  Mrs.  Q.  and  the  ^rls 
forgot  their  annoyances,  and  inhaled 
tlie  new  life  with  evident  pleasure.  The 
breeze  was  now  quite  too  much  for  the 
mosquitoes,  who  lack  the  parasitic  power 
to  ^'  pursue  the  triumph,  and  partake 
the  gale."  They  disappeared,  and  we 
felt  with  delight  that  we  had  only  to 
find  our  rooms  and  bestow  our  movables, 
and  then  return  to  enjoy  the  evening 
among  the  motley  company  that  thronged 
the  piazza,  which,  to  our  tired  eyes,  wore 
the  appearance,  at  the  moment,  of  a  dis- 
jointed rainbow,  swaying  and  fluttering 
in  the  breeze. 

Here,  it  will  be  perceived,  an  import- 
ant item  had  been  momentarily  fi»rgot^ 
ten — tlie  evening  meal,  rendered  a  mat- 
ter of  consequence  by  the  journey  and 
the  sen-air,  to  say  nothing  of  the  deple- 
tory labors  of  the  mosquitoes.  But  of 
that  anon. 

We  found  rooms  considerably  larger 
than  those  recesses  in  which  refractory 
nuns  used  to  to  be  immured,  and  most 
carefully  excluded  from  every  sight  and 
sound  of  the  ocean,  though  not  from  the 
odors  and  din  of  the  kitchen  and  stables. 
To  the  narrowness  of  our  lot  we  sub- 
mitted, as  we  best  might,  but  to  the 
total  absence  of  what  we  had  most  par- 
ticularly come  to  exyoy,  we  demurred  a 
little ;  our  remonstrances,  however,  were 
at  once  silenced  by  the  intelligence  that 
we  must  have  these  rooms  or  none,  as 
all  the  seaward  ones  were  already  en- 
gaged by  **  permanent  boarders,"  or  ftir 
their  friends.  Indeed,  before  we  got 
fiurly  settled,  we  began  to  feel  quite  Iw 


1854.] 


Watering- Place  Worries, 


005 


intniden.  Everything  was  pre-engaged 
by  the  ^^  permanent  boarders." 

Our  rooioa  were  entirely  destltate  of 
wardrobes  and  bnreanx,  as  the  ^^  per- 
manent boarders  "  had  required  all  that 
had4>een  provided  for  ns.  Even  oar 
washing  apparatus,  wofhlly  scanty  at 
best,  had  been  sifted  by  the  lady  on  the 
opposite  Hide  (if  the  entry,  who  had  come 
wiih  seven  children  and  three  nurses, 
fur  the  suiniiier,  so  that  we  were  fain  to 
borrow  and  lend  sundry  articles  usually 
thought  indispensable.  We  rang  and 
rang  in  vain  to  have  these  deficiencies 
remedied,  for  as  far  as  we  could  discover, 
the  ^'  permanent  boarders  "  required  all 
the  servants  as  well  as  all  the  fhrniture 
of  the  house. 

This  was  quite  a  new  aspect  of  hotel 
Hfe  fur  my  experience.  I  had  always 
eonsidered  on  inn  or  boarding-house  a 
place  of  equal  rights — where  each  in- 
mate, paying  his  way,  had  as  good  a 
right  to  whatever  his  habits  required  as 
his  neighbor.  But  my  wife  and  daughters 
decided  that  this  was  always  the  way  at 
•nch  places,  and  that  to  ezi>ect  anything 
else  only  betrayed  our  want  of  fashion- 
able habitudes.  The  only  way,  she  said, 
to  secure  any  comfort  at  Rocky  Branch 
was  to  taku  the  best  apartments  for  the 
entire  season. 

Befure  we  wore  half  settled  in  our 
closets,  the  gong  howled,  and  we  hurried 
down  to  too,  not,  however,  quickly 
enough  to  find  anything  but  bread  and 
batter  upon  the  tabic.  There  had  boon 
fruit,  as  wo  tfaw  by  the  plates  of  our 
neighbors,  but  when  we  desired  a  sliare. 
we  were  politely  told  tliat  it  was  all 
gone.  Tlio  lady  \i'itli  seven  children 
had,  I  shuuhl  judge,  cuncludod  tliat  her 
first  duty  wu.-)  to  provide  for  her  family, 
and,  accunlingly,  divided  everything 
within  reach  umonp;  them.  At  least  1 
could  not  help  noticinfj,  at  the  cI(»so  of 
tlie  meal,  that  tlie  little  dears  had  not 
been  able  to  devour  half  she  hod  endowed 
them  with.  For  myself,  I  wanted  Hi>e- 
cially  sea-fiire,  so  I  lusked  for  some  roam- 
ed clams,  wiiicli  I  s'lw  much  reli^lied  by 
several  gi.'ntK-iiien  who  seemed  ii<«  hungry 
as  I  felt;  but  alas!  I  only  tuurhed  the 
old  string.  All  the  roasted  damn  had 
been  absorlied  by  tlio  '*  i)ermanent 
boarders,-*  and  I  wa.^  oblij^cd  t«  conteut 
myself  with  a  slice  of  cold  ham. 

But  tlio  line  air  that  we  were  to  enjoy 
on  the  pia/zA  till  bed-time  soothed  our 
irritation,  und  niu<le  us  forget  for  the  time 
all  meaner  wan  is.  We  promenaded  till 
we  were  tired,  among  ladies  whoeo  orna- 


mentation reminded  me  of  that  of  shipa 
of  the  line  on  gala  days,  and  gentlemen 
flaming  all  over  with  gilt  buttons,  dia- 
mond brtioches,  and  cigars,  and  then 
found  a  comer  to  sit  down,  thinking  no 
sight  so  fine  as  the  rising  moon,  no 
music  so  delightftil  as  the  roar  of  ocean. 

We  were  scarcely  seated  when  a  pite- 
ous shriek  reached  my  ears,  and  I 
Jumped  up,  thinking  some  unfortunate 
dog  or  cat  had  been  trodden  upon  in  the 
parlor.  I  found,  however,  that  it  was 
only  the  beginning  of  a  favorite  Italian 
Bong,  with  whicn  a  young  lady  was 
favoring  a  circle  of  her  fashionable 
friends.  I  looked  in  at  the  window  for 
a  moment;  but  the  poor  girl  appeared 
in  such  distress  that  I  could  not  bear  to 
see  her  contortions  of  face  and  iicrson, 
though  I  was  assured  she  was  only  sing- 
ing in  opera  style.  I  thought  within 
myself— ^^  Hie  labor^  hoe  opus  est^''^  hut  I 
said  no  such  word,  believe  me ;  I  felt 
more  like  knocking  dow*n  some  coarse 
young  men,  who  were  quizzing  her  un- 
mercifully, as  they  walked  up  and  down 
the  piazza,  looking  in  at  the  windows. 

By  the  way,  and  let  me  say  it  here,  as 
I  dure  say  it  nowhere  else,  by  what 
strange  pervendon  of  nature  and  taste  is 
it  that  music,  meant  by  Almighty  Pro- 
vidence for  the  soothing  and  sweetening 
of  poor  human  nature,  has  become,  in 
our  time,  a  bborions  thing — a  thing  of 
exhibition  and  emulation?  Tiioro  is, 
indeed,  a  class  who  must  make  mu>ic  a 
labor — tliose  who  practise  it  as  a  i>n)fes- 
sion ;  bnt  why  do  our  young  ladies  feel 
it  necessary  to  imitate  tliefc  pi-ople  ?  It 
seems  to  me  rather  humiliating  that  a  few 
imported  oi>cra  singers  and  pianists 
should  have  power  to  cfftci  a  domestic 
revolution  in  this  respect,  so  that  the 
present  object  of  singing  and  ]ilaving  is 
no  hmger  the  pleasure  of  husbands  and 
fathers,  und  little  brotlier-*  and  sisters, 
an<l  the  home  circle  genenilly ;  but  the 
imitation  (»f  Si^noea  So-and-so  and  llerr 
This-or-that,  who  may  happen  to  hare 
tho  public  by  tlie  ears.  I  have  felt  some- 
times that  1  should  enjoy  pl.nin;;  8t. 
Dunstan  to  some  of  these  sublime  ^c^'utry, 
whom  I  regard  with  about  as  much  affec- 
tion as  the  saint  felt  for  his  infernal 
adversary. 

I  do  not  complain  that  the  girls  sing 
Italian  M)ngs,  or  play  ele;:antly,  but  (mly 
that  their  inducement  is  a  mean  and  not 
a  generous  one  ;  that  the  excessive  labor 
re<|uired  by  the  new  staudard  absorbi 
much  of  the  interest  and  attention  dno 
to  other  things,  and  that  it  is  difficult  for 


556 


Watering-Place  Worries. 


[Not. 


tbem  to  condosoend  to  pleaso  the  vast 
msyority  of  their  hearers,  who  desire 
soinelhiiig  simpler  aud  more  easily  com- 
pre)icnded.  If  one  sncceeds  in  obtaining 
a  ballad  or  a  sweet  English  song,  it  is  so 
bedevilled  with  incongruous  graces,  that 
it  is,  after  all,  no  more  than  a  very  in- 
sipid iiybrid,  lacking  both  the  home- 
sweetness  we  covet  and  tlie  scientific  per- 
fection that  the  Italian  music  is  so  prized 
for. 

I  do  not  pretend  to  be  a  connoisseur  in 
music,  but  I  will  yield  to  no  man  in  my 
ap{>reciation  of  what  makes  homo  happy; 
and  I  know,  to  an  absolute  certainty, 
that  to  sing  like  a  dog  whose  tail  has 
been  trodden  on,  or  even  like  an  indig- 
nant or  melancholy  cat,  is  not  the  music 
of  the  home  circle,  though  it  may  obtain 
white-gloved  applause  in  company,  or 
the  envious  commendations  of  those 
whose  organs  are  less  docile.  To  me, 
tlie  cold,  staring  circle  that  gathers 
round  the  ftishionable  performer  looks 
like  a  committee  employed  to  test  the 
pretensions  of  a  fire  annihilator,  or  a 
crowd  watching  the  progress  of  a  dog- 
fight in  the  street,  with  not  the  least 
personal  interest  in  the  result.  Is  there 
not  a  sad  blunder  somewhere — in  heart 
or  head? 

****** 

The  next  morning  saw  us  on  the  alert 
for  breakfast,  determined  to  be  ready  at 
the  first  sound  of  the  gong,  before  the 
"  permanent  boarders"  liad  had  time  to 
make  a  locust  progress  over  the  eatables. 
But  we  missed  it  again ;  for  there  was  a 
fixed  determination  on  the  part  of  the 
waiters  not  to  bring  on  anything  but  the 
commonest  fare  until  the  favored  class 
saw  fit  to  descend  from  their  rooms. 
In  vain  I  asked  for  oysters  and  chickens; 
the  first  seemed  to  be  in  the  vasty  deep, 
and  the  others  would  not  come  when  1 
did  call  for  them;  so  we  breakfasted 
humbly  on  ham  and  eggs,  with  bread  by 
no  means  sweet,  and  butter  that  would 
have  been  too  much  for  its  parent  cow. 
But  we  did  not  mind  it  much,  for  we 
were  going  to  bathe. 

Here  was  a  fine  day  for  the  surf;  the 
skv  a  little  veiled,  but  the  breeze  full  of 
balm,  and  the  numerous  guests  that 
dropped  in  by  twos  and  threes  till  they 
filled  the  tables,  promising  a  gay  time. 
We  retired  from  the  field  just  as  the 
broiled  chickens  came  in,  and  walked 
the  piazza  a  while,  waiting  for  tlio  hour 
at  which  it  was  fashionable  to  go  to  the 
beach.  Here  were  polychromatic  morn- 
ing dresses  in  abundance,  and  inname- 


rable  puppies  and  children,  whose  gam-'* 
bols  occupied  pretty  much  the  whole 
space.  I  observed  that  most  of  the  per- 
manents  Foon  disappeared,  but  thought 
little  of  the  matter  until,  on  inquiring  for 
places  in  the  vehicle  provided  for  those 
who  wished  to  go  to  the  beach,  I  found 
it  had  already  started,  being  primariW 
at  command  of  the  favored  class,  with 
their  honnee  and  children,  dogs  and 
baskets. 

"  It  will  soon  be  back,"  said  my  infor- 
mant, consolingly ;  '^  it  does  not  take 
them  more  than  an  hour,"  but  as  thk 
hour  included  the  top  of  the  tide,  we 
felt  a  little  put  out,  especiiUly  as  we  as- 
certained that  the  huge  old  lumbering 
vehicle  had  not  been  quite  filled,  the 
permanent  ladies  not  liking  to  admit 
strangers. 

We  got  down  after  a  while,  however, 
juiit  as  most  of  the  dipping  and  frolick- 
ing was  over  for  the  day,  and  with 
rather  tamed  enthusiasm,  sought  bathing 
houses  in  which  we  might  prepare  for  the 
water.  But  not  only  were  most  of  the 
bathing-houses  ^^  private,"  but  unhappily 
those  who  had  bathed  were  now  dress- 
ing, and  we  were  obliged  to  walk  up 
and  down  in  the  deep  sand,  under  a 
broiline  sun,  while  one  and  another  of 
the  habitues  arrayed  himself  or  herself 
with  (as  it  seemed  to  us)  uncommon  de- 
liberation, after  which  we  enjoyed  the 
privilege  of  bathing  alone,  with  tlie  tide 
half  out  and  the  surf  quit«  subsided. 

*^  What  shall  we  do  with  our  bathing 
dresses.  Papa?"  my  little  Dora  callea 
from  her  sentry-box,  the  door  of  which 
was  off  its  hinges,  and  had  to  be  lifted 
bodily  every  time  the  occupant  of  the 
sentry-box  wished  to  pass. 

Here  again  I  was  at  fault.  The  know- 
ing ones  had  packed  their  wet  gannents 
in  tlie  wagon  which  had  now  gone  np 
for  the  last  time,  and  I  was  fain  to  con- 
fide ours  to  an  old  sea-dog  in  re<l  flannel, 
who  professed  to  assist  bathers,  though 
he  was  reputed  always  to  make  for  the 
shore  when  there  was  the  least  alarm. 
(The  next  morning  when  we  came  down 
to  the  beach  we  had  the  pleasure  of  find- 
ing all  our  various  and  party  colored 
gowns  and  trousers  made  sprea<l  eagles 
of,  on  the  broad-side  of  a  shed  under 
which  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  were 
in  the  liablt  of  reposing  and  cracking 
jokos  at  odd  hours.) 

But,  not  to  get  before  my  story,  at 
dinner,  after  our  first  bath,  I  oliserved 
with  no  little  uneasiness  that  my  wift 
and  daughters,  who  had  professed  themr 


1854.] 


Watering-Place  Worries. 


667 


■elves  hangry  enongh  to  eat  even  the 
poor  leavings  (on  the  dishes),  of  the 
^  permiuienta,^*  toached  scarcely  any  thing, 
And  after  a  few  whiiipers  among  tliem- 
selves,  sat  t^ilcnt  and  evidently  unhappy. 
When  the  dessert  came  on,  I  made  des- 
perate dives  after  spoonfuls  of  various 
paddings  tlutt  were  passing  towards  the 
nead  of  the  table,  and  once  came  nearly 
to  blows  witli  the  waiter,  who  snatched 
from  my  hand  a  tolerable  tart  tliat  I  had 
In  my  secret  mind  appropriated  to  my 
family*s  wants.  But  though  tlio  war 
tlius  reisolutely  carried  on  was  not  with- 
<ftt  its  trophies,  in  the  shape  of  sundry 
little  opt  its  of  sweet  things  on  our  plates, 
DD  relaxation  of  the  gloom  on  each  side 
of  me  was  discernible.  I  inquired  in 
anxious  whisi)ers,  but  the  thing  was  evi- 
dently n(»t  of  a  nature  to  bear  talking 
about.  I  secured  three  almonds  a  piece, 
and  some  of  the  Icose  raisins  Uiat  re- 
mained in  the  fruit-dishes  after  all  tlie 
bunches  bad  been  snatclied  to  load  the 
plates  of  a  row  of  children,  witii  larse 
bows  on  their  shoulders  and  their  hair 
excessively  bandolined;  and  very  soon 
after,  obeyed  my  wife^s  signal  of  with- 
drawal, lunging  to  know  wliat  unhappy 
contretemps  could  have  occurred  beyond 
and  besides  all  tlie  petty  vexations  I 
had  already  become  cognizant  of.  only  a 
part  of  which  I  have  attempted  to  do- 
scribe  here. 

In  a  remote  comer  of  the  great  dining 
room,  out  of  hearing  of  the  ^*i>erma- 
nents,**  who  already  occupied,  either  in 
per84»n  or  by  proxy,  every  window  that 
ftced  the  sea  which  wo  had  all  come  to 
look  at,  the  sad  truth  came  out.  It  had 
been  discovered  that  all  the  stylish  |)eo- 
pie — all  wlio  went  from  home  often 
enough  to  know  what  other  pe<»pl6  did — 
wore  matka  while  bathing,  so  tliat  we, 
ignoramuses  convict,  protected  by  no- 
diing  better  than  huge  Jlats  that  would 
Uow  a{>ont — hud  burneu  our  faces  red. 
while  the  knowing  ones  were  fair  and 
calm  as  a  bummur  morning,  quite  at 
leinure  to  ittare  at  our  tell-tale  ruddinesw, 
and  to  c<mjec(ure  tliut  wo  had  emer^^ed 
ttitm  the  sub-inariiie  regions  of  East 
Broadway  or  Henry  Street,  into  which, 
the  doings  of  the  New  York  great  world 
are  longer  in  fjenet rating,  than  the  ori- 
ginal rumors  from  Paris  take  in  croi^ting 
tho  Atlantic  to  the  happier  imitators  in 
Fifth  Avenue. 

Hero  was  a  horror.  The  thing  was 
done;  there  was  no  help  for  it.  No  ap- 
plication of  oiled  silk,  or  Indian  rubber, 
or  even  papier  ntaeke^  would  now  avail. 


Nothing  could  touch  us  further!  Our 
three  weeks  would  not  clean  us  of  the 
stain.  Tho  red  would  turn  brown  after 
a  day  or  two,  and  the  skin  must  cither 
peel  off,  like  bad  stucco,  or  wait  in  lea- 
thern pertinacity  for  the  slow  process  of 
natural  wear  and  tear.  My  bright  Alida, 
who  is  always  a  little  brown,  declared 
she  sliould  not  be  fit  to  be  seen  all  the 
winter ;  and  when  I  hinted  that  I  did  not 
tliink  a  sliade  more  or  less  would  be  no- 
ticed in  her  cf>in])Iexion,  she'did  not  seem 
at  all  comforted.  Caroline,  who  has 
light  hair  and  blue  eyes,  felt  that  she 
was  a  peculiar  sufferer,  because  if  a  bhnde 
is  not  lily  fair,  she  is  nothing.  Dora 
did  not  mind  tlie  matter  so  much,  for 
she  is  a  lively  little  gii>sy,  and  can  get 
fun  out  of  anytliing;  but  Mrs.  Q.  was 
so  seriously  hurt,  that  I  could  not,  as  a 
good  husband,  do  less  than  let  her  lay 
all  tlie  blame  on  my  shoulders,  where, 
indeed,  it  generally  alights  by  hook  or 
crook.  In  truth,  I  consider  this  a  covert 
compliment,  both  to  my  good  nature 
and  to  my  importance  in  the  family ;  and 
tlie  habit  of  blaming  me  in  private  has 
the  advantage  of  enabling  my  wife  always 
to  be  perfectly  amiable  in  comi>any. 

All  I  could  propose  was  ^l^&t  since  tho 
misfortune  had  happened,  we  must  only 
make  the  best  of  it ;  and  to  this  end  I 
suggested  tliat  the  next  best  thing  to 
being  fair  was  being  good-humored  and 
lively,  laughing  off  what  was  inevitable, 
and  turning  our  attention  to  the  rural 
enjoyments,  for  which  we  had  expro-^sly 
come.  I  thought  the  girls  had  better 
dash  out  and  behave  as  the  other  young 
ladies  did,  t.  r,  as  if  there  was  nobody 
in  the  world  but  themselves. 

^^ Nonsense!"  my  wife  taid.  The 
girls  were  not  fast  girls,  nor  couldn't 
be.  It  wasn't  their  style ;  and  bondes, 
they  hadn't  brought  oven  their  riding- 
habits,  or  whips  or  dogs.  Can)lino 
had  a  guitar  at  home,  to  be  sure,  but 
even  if  she  had  it  here,  she  could 
not  muster  courage  to  play  unaske<1, 
among  8(»  many  strangers.  Elinor  luul 
a  Fanny-Kembfe  suit,  tliat  she  had  had 
made  for  tlie  wood<<  a  vcar  or  two  since, 
when  she  went  to  Uncle  John's,  in 
the  wilds  of  Albany  countv;  hut  what 
could  she  do  with  it  on  the  itvacK  wliere 
tlie  winds  were  alwavs  blowing  in  that 
violent,  unmeasured  sort  of  way  ?  Dora 
wa^  naturally  a  romp ;  but  where  was  the 
Ui(e,  where  we  didn^t  know  any  young 
men  ?  We  never  went  anywhere — never 
did  as  other  ]ieoplo  did— were  really  tin- 
fitted  for  goixl  society,  dec.,  dec.,  dus. 


558 


WaUrinff-Flace  Worriei. 


pro?- 


Upon  this,  the  ladies  all  betook  them- 
selves to  their  roomSi  while  I,  ftill  of 
regret  at  their  Tarioos  disappointmentSi 
lighted  my  invariable  afterndiDiier  cigar, 
and  walked  up  and  down  the  piazza  for 
an  hoar  or  two,  jostled  on  every  hand, 
but  pondering  the  whole  subject  of  these 
summer  sojourns,  and  marvelling  within 
myself  whether  these  things  must  be  so, 
now  and  for  ever. 

Can  there  be  no  rural  retreats  for  us 
overlabored  citizens,  driven  from  our 
homes  by  heat  and  oust,  and  natural  de- 
sire of  variety, — wherein  may  bo  found 
comfort,  repose,  amusement,  and  whole- 
some air  and  food,  instead  of  the  poor, 
ill-managed,  partial  scrambling  (I  had 
almost  said  swindling),  uncomfortable, 
and  ruinously-expensive  abiding-places, 
which  are  now  denominated  fisishionable  ? 
I  know  there  are  farm-houses,  so-called, 
whore  one  can  find  quiet,  but  nothing 
else;  neither  amusement,  nor  comfort, 
nor  even  country-fere,  since  every  atom 
of  first-rate  provisions  is  sent  to  the 
great  cities.  But  these  are  not  what  we 
need.  They  too  often  swindle  on  a 
small  scale,  as  the  greater  humbugs  do 
on  a  large  one ;  that  b  to  say,  they  take 
^our  money  without  rendering  or  seek- 
ing to  render  a  just  and  equal  return,  or 
planning  for  anything  but  the  filling  of 
their  own  pockets,  trusting  to  your  pa- 
tience, and  the  natural  reluctance  to 
**  make  a  fuss,"  by  returning  to  town 
before  the  specified  time  of  endurance 
has  elapsed.  The  grander  take-ins  not 
only  give  you  poor  living  and  uncom- 
fortable lodging,  and  allow  idl  the  com- 
forts and  advantages  there  might  still  be 
found  to  be  usurped  by  certiun  people, 
who  seem  never  to  reflect  that  tlieir 
graHping  selfishness  amounts  to  absolute 
dishonesty ;  but  they  are  kept  in  such  a 
way  as  to  encourage  a  rude  and  loose,  if 
not  vicious  tone,  especially  among  the 
young  men  who  frequent  them,  till  the 
whole  air  seems,  to  the  sensitive  appre- 


hension of  the  father  of  a  family,  unfit 
for  the  breathing  of  wives  and  danghten. 

If  it  be  said  that  the  proprietors  and 
heads  of  these  large  esttiblishments 
cannot  be  answerable  for  the  manners 
of  their  guests,  I  reply  that  if  the  favor 
of  arrogant  and  overbearing  people  were 
not  especially  courted,  the  whole  state 
of  things  would  be  very  different,  and 
quiet  and  respectable  families  could  enjoy 
tne  sea-side  without  being  starved  or 
insulted  for  the  sake  of  those  less  scru- 
pulous than  themselves.  We  all  know 
very  well  that  ladies  are  rather  unman- 
ageable— (none  better  than  1 1) — but  n* 
one  should  be  allowed  to  usurp  the  rights 
of  others,  and  the  evil  is  by  no  means 
solely  ascribable  to  the  female  portion  of 
these  partial  and  ill-conducted  house- 
holds. That  this  is  winked  at,  if  not 
planned,  at  many  of  our  so-called  fesh- 
ionable  places  of  summer  resort,  is  past 
all  denial,  and  hundreds  grumble  at  it 
every  year  without  thinkuig  of  a  rem- 
edy. 

But  the  question  recurs — where  are 
we  to  go  for  sea-side  recreation? 

After  much  cogitation,  as  I  promenad- 
ed the  piazza  with  a  hnndred  othenL 
yet  alone,  for  my  dear  ones  were  still 
pouting  up  stairs,  I  thought  I  would  try 
my  unpractised  pen  on  a  little  sketeh  of 
a  comer  of  our  vexations,  and  send  it  to 
Putnam^  as  we  put  an  advertisement  to 
the  newspaper,  trusting  that  the  opera- 
tion of  the  well  understood  law  of  de- 
mand and  supply,  might,  before  next 
summer,  induce  some  of  our  enterprising 
citizens  to  get  up  a  real  family  hotel,  at 
once  elegant  and  comfortable,  where  all 
who  pay  alike  shall  be  treated  alike,  and 
whence  every  shadow  of  partiality  and 
exclusiveness  shall  be  carefully  excluded. 
I  put  my  name  down  first  on  the  list,  fix 
a  suite  of  rooms  looking  on  the  ocean. 

Perhaps  I  am  only  wanting  a  chanoa 
to  try  my  own  grasping  powers! 


It^J 


5&» 


RDITORIAL    K0TE8, 


» 


ikMMmOMt.—WG  Imve  a  tiew  tra^t  for 
tSl*tini««^  ill  ft  work  lutnwd  ApofalOMt^TMiM^ 
^r  ^^-— -  --r  HicJtwardM^  in  wKioli  the  iiti' 
tji  >in»  Ui  ahi»w  litHt  tti^^  modem 

i(»i._.,  ,  ..oanm^^na  are  not  new,  bat 
wwim  ««U  knrtwn  t^i  Lbo  atiidctiUf  ftad 
•qiuteidlj  iti  the  laiU'r  Aax^  of  th«  Ilo* 
afta  E«po1t1ku      '  -itUm  of 

>i  ih<i  umvQTm 
']  cQine  roaad 

eloiK  «ali«4  this  tipooAtAMtaai«|  briogiiig 
Willi  t&ifin  in  ih<*if  rMUrn  a  kind  of  cat* 
tmpanAeiki^M  in  hmmiti  ii^iiiri.  he  Uk^m 
tbe  ttiivUmg  ft^*i»  uj  tha  of  tiie  Kaiaati 
fi^oblie  tbout  the  lituiv  of  %11a  ;  and^ 
«a  UbU  tMifi<  -'"-""■'  "  — ■^"  "irtU* 
Bui  nve 

l#  l«aji.^«^  f.w^» ^..*    .    .  .  5pi- 

wii^  )*rfelr  tiitidpiit«d  in  thoMo 
4ftT4.  Aiiil  tilt'  fihifo^aphy  by  wliu^h  tUejr 
Wr  :  ff  WAS  pn  '  [he 

An  I  j1    thf*lr    *  fri/' 

vlikJi  WJM  m  kind  of  rii&^^nctiFitt»  ij/  ilte 
mi,  tJifir  tni^mf  r&tioti  of  wat&t^  their 
ebJm^'  "laoBigva,  tUdr  dirio*- 

tionv,  t  noune  wlUi  tb«  dead, 

llk^  ^'    and    iptf«kmf^   m«diuTii«, 

mii  if   ftll    th^ii   ?&rjoty  of  oh* 

ii»«tf  11  itr  jn>M«iied  people  of  whicb  we 
«r«  locantytiKMi  to  hear  in  thoMi  d^pL 
Ift  tliOM  iiAjr%  ^-(^1  **  ui  ihaie,  «9ine 
l0ok«d  Qiiau  tk«  whoU  thing  li  *  finftod, 
oclmr*  a4  a  mere  pbymologlail  «0r««tf 
ocImt*  fl^io  M  the  wt^rk  of  evil  »piriti 
or  il«m«H]4  wliiltr  otHen  b«li«ve4  it  m 
tri«  mil  I  f^um  H«AT«a. 

Oar  a  *  <  trented  tUe  enbject  In 

pwrt  Jocabrly*  «ad^  on  thjit  jkOCoaQt^  bail 
ti>  tamt  fSCAiit  defeated  hijt  own  ptirpa«e> 
Th#  iitfiiia^  he  km  iolroduoed  k  ex- 
li^e<»«ly  later««tliu,  «iid  Mi  e&rnQit  pro- 
---  ^^iotc  the  dibatinu  nad  fH  voloug 
of  titanh  of  tbo  r^M^cot  Bpirtt^ 
t  bis  otg«cLi 


All- 

WQllng  in  Ad  »  rt- 

Qftd  Uvatecj 

condttil 
#tif,  f f  . 


iit  «1)  helped 
'-    tha  U^n- 

>tn  the 

*  it,  OP 

lerldos 

i  rmt    lie 
in  the 

Ul'N   ftw 

.'id 


^^nThil 


lifkicb  *r«  ouu4>#if#d  m  a  Gne 
4if  bilinear* 


Tbo  nutbor  auins  tip  tb©  dimtrlnM  of 
tho  TnfMkrn  *»plritieUj,  as  n  p?itith<*Uti«) 
theotogy,  idtntifjing  Qml  with  rn Alter, 
or  ii  blind  sora  of  t!ie  world,  a  denial  of 
man,  niri,  &nd  guilt,  and  of  li!^  respoti^lbi^ 
litj  to  anything  but  the  deiflt^d  U%va  of 
natnrt!^  a  heaven  after  de?Uli  which  re* 
scmhle^  th<J  fiiii>[Eril  iM'ienral  pamdisoe, 
**a  iin^<?j'*w*'  le  of  nncientand 

modern  saph i -  nit ty  and  impiety, 

sngarod  over  with  alMy  8*.M>riim*ntalism 
and  milk  and  water  morality,  with  tlie 
privilege  of  peri^imd  apfical,  f»r  its 
LTue  mterpretfttion,  to  the  r(?Hi3ttiblJ:diod 
pa^poi  oraelea.^' 

W«  do  not  ^t  f^^fn  tbia  wrlbAr  any 
specific  ^'^  -  r,f  his  own    *   V       <hy 

of  the  Tu  Mi^,  altlnii:  ,re 

than   »Uj^^.^'L^   luntt   he  con  n 

audogun*  to  the  demonmcjil  ina 

tif  iljii  New    Testfitnent.      [. ..^^    u» 

soiont^e,  conseiioofitly^  the  iiupjiry  aa  ta 
how  far  pbysiohV^C***^!  canaes  may  be  iii* 
vgiv^d  in  Uie  phyiiooil  ctTe^u,  he  de rotes 
hia  attention  to  the  arrogun^^  and,  as 
he  Of^nKidem,  bla^pherrmn*  pretonsions 
of  ita  teaching.  Apart  ffoio  the  latt«r, 
tb«  maidfeiitjitlon^  firo  of  n<r  biehei  Im* 
port  than  tho  tnokj  of  Sl^or  OUtK ;  bot 
with  iheiii,  they  aotjulre  a  con8<j<|ueno* 
which  dohervea  an  indignant  eijiMnro, 
Thi4  the  author  haa  uoderukfta  En  no 
mineinf  fpirlS  and  he  d«iU  aboni  him 
with  the  la^ty  and  itrong  arm  of  an 
enraged  Heronlea,  aometim«>f  knocking 
down  tlio  objeot  of  hit  wrath,  and  at 
other,  (>bjc«t4  that  aro  qnite  innoe«nt  of 
offence,  Wtiile  we  aro  not  »nrpn«0d, 
therefore,  at  hi*»  indignation^  we  do  won- 
der that  he  ^honld  not  have  dlsertinl* 
itat«ci  lictwcen  tlie  i;«nume  disci nlea  of 
relitflonjt  [irLii,^e!»4,  and  the  pretcnJ«r»  bd 
AA^d-t,  and  between  (whntever  we  inaj 
think  of  Uii*  py>it*tm)  the  large- minded 
and  nobk-heartod  Swedenhur^,  an  J  iuob 
elm  pa  ai  Apolkmiuji,  Duvi*,  Detter,  &e, 

Tl  '  I  whinh  the 

wri*  f,  I.  *;,  how 

far  i[R->i'     I]*  r*    are  a  diroot 

ont-growtb  of  .itlng   and  jjopu- 

}r.r-  H..„j.,,^x  ..,.,1,  ^  eMshem^  of 

of  enlkbl- 

and  'I,  and 

harii;  i-vfiriei 

of  iMvi*    i>r  '  t  the  revelatoti, 

Moeh  of  th*i  ^  '  ^ic'tins;  that  we 

have  heard  in  th«  v-  •  ^vhicb 

we  Lave  read  in  i  .igioai 


^ 


5eo 


Editorial  Notu — American  Literaiun. 


P7or. 


newspapers,  is  as  far  from  any  true  spiri- 
tual perception  of  Christianity,  is  as  pro- 
foundly immersed  in  a  sensuous  philoso- 
phy, as  a  great  deal  which  our  author 
•condemns  in  Davis  and  Edmonds.  The 
only  real  corrective,  consequently,  fur 
these  later  aberrations,  will  bo  found,  not 
in  intense  objurgatory  paragraphs,  nor 
in  denunciations  from  tlio  pulpit,  but  in 
the  twofold  care,  flrst^  of  natural  science, 
which  will  explain  much  that  is  now 
seemingly  mysterious ;  and,  secondly,  of 
a  truly  spiritual  Ohristianit}',  which  will 
make  clear  to  tlie  commonest  apprehen- 
sion, the  eternal  distinction  between 
natural  truth,  which  is  conditioned  in 
time  and  space,  and  revealed  truth,  which 
is  unlimited  and  absolute. 

— We  have  been*greatly  instructed  as 
well  as  pleased  by  Captain  Oanot'b 
Twenty   Years  of  an  African  Slater^ 

Prepared  for  the  press  by  Mr.  Brantz 
[eyer,  of  Baltimore.  When  we  took  it 
up,  we  were  almost  loath  to  open  it, 
from  an  apprehension  that  we  were 
about  to  be  introduced  to  all  the  horrors 
of  the  slave-trade,  which  the  discussions 
in  England,  during  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century,  made  us  familiar.  But 
we  were  agreeably  disappointed.  Cap- 
tain Oanot,  or  his  editor,  has  had  the 
art  of  passing  over  the  more  repulsive 
details  of  the  subject,  and  of  giving  us,  at 
the  same  time,  all  the  information  that 
is  needed  to  enable  us  to  draw  our  own 
inferences.  Oanot  was  an  Italian  boy, 
who  sailed  for  a  while  from  the  port  of 
Salem,  but  afterwards  being  wrecked  on 
one  of  the  West  India  Islands,  got  in- 
volved in  the  slave-trade  at  Havana. 
He  made  one  or  two  voyages  as  a  prin- 
cipal man  in  a  slave-trading  expedition, 
and  then  became  a  factor  on  the  African 
co&st,  where  he  had  plenty  of  oppor- 
tunities of  studying  the  manners  and 
customs  of  the  native  Africans,  as  well 
as  the  characters  of  those  who  are  em- 
ployed in  the  commerce  of  men.  He 
made  several  excursions  into  tlie  interior 
of  tlio  continent;  sometimes  as  a  visitor 
to  the  chiefs,  and  sometimes  in  quest  of 
daves ;  was  once  or  twice  captured  and 
imprisoned  by  either  the  British  or  the 
French ;  was  present  at  a  great  many 
scenes  of  barbarity,  massacre,  and  can- 
nibalism; and,  in  short,  meets  with  a 
thousand  novel  and  surprising  adven- 
tures, whicli  make  his  narrative  as  ab- 
sorbing as  any  romance,  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  end.  The  stories  are  tola  in 
a  lively,  pleasant  style,  and  with  an  air 
of  tmthfulness  that  inspires  confidence 


in  the  reader.  It  does  not  appear  th&l 
Oanot  was  much  of  a  monster  himself^ 
though  he  had  a  great  many  monsten 
to  deal  with,  whom  he  manages  with 
the  astuteness  and  determination  which 
does  honor  to  his  sagacity  and  coiinige» 
if  not  his  humanity.  He  gives  ns  a 
better  glimpse  of  the  economy  of  African 
life  than  any  writer  that  we  have  read, 
while  he  describes  his  own  adrentiires 
with  the  sangfroid  and  good  nature  of 
a  Gil  Bias.  He  makes  light  of  a  great 
many  things  that  would  revolt  a  mora 
refined  sensibility ;  bnt  no  one,  we  ara 
quite  sure,  would  acquire  a  desire  t» 
engage  in  the  nefarious  traffic,  firom  the 
pictures  of  it  that  he  bas  drawn.  Hia 
views  of  the  aboriginal  life  of  Africa  ara 
fearful,  in  the  debasement  and  bratality' 
which  they  reveal,  but  they  are  not 
utterly  ho|)eIes3.  Many  of  the  Iribea 
have  been  subdued  into  a  kwd  of  semi* 
civilization  by  the  spread  of  Mohamme- 
danism, which,  as  a  monotheistie  re- 
ligion, is  vastly  superior  in  its  infinenoee 
to  the  fetischtic  and  polytheistic  wor- 
ships of  rude  paganism.  But,  whether 
this  or  any  other  cause  will  raise  tha 
savages  into  a  capability  of  higher  de- 
velopment, is  one  of  the  problems  of  the 
future.  The  colony  of  IJberia  is  no 
doubt  destined  to  play  an  important 
part  in  its  solution. 

— Mr.  Van  Sandtvookd^s  Liret  if  liW 
Chief  Justices  of  the  United  Slates^  w 
an  interesting  and  able  work.  It  not 
only  narrates  the  lives  of  the  Chief  Jus- 
tices of  the  Supreme  Court,  bnt  detnls 
the  actions  of  that  court,  forming  a  kind 
of  history  of  its  influence  upon  the  juris- 
prudence of  the  nation.  The  author  ex- 
presses a  doubt  whether  his  account  of 
the  oases  decided  might  not  be  found  a 
little  tedious ;  but,  for  our  part,  we  con- 
sider it  the  most  valuable  and  instruc- 
tive part  of  his  volume.  As  a  contri- 
bution to  our  legal  literature  bis  book 
possesses  a  very  high  worth,  and  no  one 
will  road  it  without  deriving  from  it  a 
great  deal  of  instruction.  His  narrative 
style  is  generally  easy,  his  description 
of  character  discriminating,  and  his  di- 
gests of  principles  concise,  and  yet  clear. 
A  little  more  is  made  of  some  of  his 
personages  than  their  abilities  and  infln- 
ence  in  the  world  warrant ;  but,  on  the 
whole,  his  treatment  is  judicious  and 
truthful.  His  incidental  notes,  too,  con- 
tain a  great  variety  of  useftil  intelli- 
gence. 

Another  work  of  a  similar  kind,  but 
mnob  inferior  in  its  ezeoatioD,  is  the 


litil 


EUtmial  Notes — Amerkan  Lit^ntiun, 


fi91 


iWly  Lm^l^t  c^  Mr.  J.  O.  OaLuwiv, 

I!  ^u,  Cbr,  and 

<»ti.  "11  of  thy  Ro- 

iim»  for  tlijM  Icmd  of  writing;  hut  h^ 
!m  i  Nvr  A  nifti*  t>f  v^ll^llhI^^v 

Iti  rcAiliu^  dicao  tlfef  of  the  grent 
nijfi  Utat  tr^  gone,  ttiid  ^t^eif^g  what  a 
dtiAw  nf  ermrii  Mid  tnith!»  nil  ptirty  a«)ti- 
§idU  MT^  art!  t£>  Ih\  w^*  Aro  i#ii  to  n  KTCWit 


■     rkii- 


QiAiiT  ttitc^fi^fing  f|j«culatlotm  us  t«  tho 
boiLnti|g^   af  fh^  tmrty  oonfiu^t^  of  the 


pr¥ti«(il  da  J'.  Wl»ttt  bitk^riR**!*,  what 
TkiUiKMi,  what  Blfuggle«  Tiiark  tlic  lives 
'^  tJ)CM3  loiMler?,  atid  yet,  wlicti  tiiey 
e  |»(i«<fd  iiwA>%  how  littlo,  jf  at  all, 
iMitH  to  ua  4>f  liny  real  and  vitnl  iiii* 
portafl^vif     How   much    wore  Xh^j   all 


I 


Ui 

ird  to  each  other, 

ar, 

.jiring  of  meanures 

OH                   y  iiim  Hi 
«J<                   UfMf 

iiik«d  honor,  feeling, 

Ltnroa  A 

qtiestlon,  whether 

fa                'H>r«  Ifgoriuiifi  or  bencHmftl 

tU  ..  , -J  (OCi**"^ 

'    Knr  JKjwever   thb 

i}tift«itan  max  bi^ 

t^  clt^nr  tbat 

piir(rt*»  wV.l  v*jU]\ 

vjat*    Spring- 

Htne  n<N!eiiriti#i  in 

U' 

V     [tsAt    hAi     Its 

Orj  ^ 

ifie  et'tkuUh* 

U-..    r. 

met^l  tff  A  dt^^|jOLi^ui 

wliM'Ji  nZioeld  KQp* 

praa«  all  exprf^^i'^ii  < 

tf  f>pinlf>n,  or  nueh 

ttO  ttnliuiiU'^i 

'luak  m 

woald  dinjN' 

'■a    H\Ut' 

jjj;   ii^                  idn 

wditi  Uit^  are,  mt  hu 

i^  m  ii                  '.  ia 

ihAIMfr 

■   ruiyiiiniv  I'l   j!iit«- 

fW4a 

'*5  itnwt  be   di«i- 

iiOM    jt.,.;    , 

no  (if  i*emi(i>e»t, 

wbiA  ctri 

liit^i   netio&f   form 

wUm  arw  r  , 

The 

by  eerfmii  men. 

th«rer<> 

10  inomlityf  or  a 

lrtii*^< 

1  y,  timt  ei*cb  iridh 

tidnal 

ild  hdnir  M  luiMSif  t 

bt 

ivbtioon,  ri^rd- 

le 

>tf  *i!*  Tieiiglibor*, 

At! 

-i»  with 

I»^ 

^«d   liU 

•t^namj  lit 

JlO* 

Oaibla.    It 

to 

l^r—-  - 

hm 

h 

■  vii 

Alt 

-rtit 

el 

r  a* 

4o«bt  tbtite  ar<i   ; 

lUi 

JBd    AUJliotllllQCj<, 

-   .    rVA 

their  fellhvr'men  by  A  rigid  ndher^i^De  to 
tlierr  own  jMjratiur  viewe — ^r»H>fj»  who 
are  sent  into  the  world  to  arrest  th* 
inori*meni^  of  nn  old  jiy^lcin  of  tlitnp, 
ami  to  timitgurai^  the  advi^nt  of  a  new ; 
hut  the  grejil  nm^  vt  m**n  oui  lay  no 
claim  t*i  tills  eievAted  ehjiriic^teft  und 
ttJtiit  ho  content  to  slifire  iti  the  jftirorn- 
merit,  if  tlit^y  shnre  at  ij"  '        -i* 

tlio  e*.t^bl  iwl  leil  rnt't  luxi  * '  r  u 

Ix»  other  wrtnlj*,  tbey    rjs*        i  .  s   r* 

with  one  jmrty  opmiotJjtr  .  ;■  -  ii  f#t 

which  coined  uearLHt  hi  i!>   '""    i^  '!-i  ir 
own  estimate  of  what  i^  5  ■       ^  ■  ^r  ^h net, 
atid  stiiving  to  raise  aiitl   jiiniy   :t  iO 
tho.*e  partieiihrt  in   which  it  inty   tm 
deeiiiea  defieient, 

This  is  the  oonrve  to  be  pnr«itied  nmder 
ordirmry  etrcnraitmncei,  of  when  IhAf 
are  really  eoniending  for  distinctive  and 
inifK>rtant  urini'iple« ;  hot  t lie  /icrent  pnic- 
tieal  dilKemty  of  a  participation  in  party 
aetioii  ia,  that  nc«rly  all  purtit***  »ooii  g^ 
to  be  e^irrupt*    Tliey  V    •  ^    frcan 

th  01  r  ordi  nary  an  d  lt?'gtt  ■  ■  is,— 

they  foil  iniotlie  handi  ot  mvu  v*  nn  Imvo 
Aellisli  eohetiifii  to  A«somp)iah,  aihI  wtic» 
do  not  care  for  priiiofplep, — ihey  r^n- 
§trnot  A  maehiDery  of  manAgement  whicb 
cornea  to  work  by  it*  own  fori^e,  and 
Yb'ithont  mhrmee  to  rli«  trnptdiie«jt  whieb 
origin nHy  set  it  in  motion ;  and  tbeii,  in 
ttie  euil,  ihey  degenerate  into  an  organlxed 
conf^piraey  for  the  mere  a^dnevetnent  or 
reten  tion  of  otiice .     U  niler  tboM  otr  onin- 
itdiioe^,  it  la  almost  imputathte  for  waf 
tii&n  to  contnol  or  modify  their  action; 
he  iiiitHt  either  BTihmit  to  their  deffxitiMti^ 
Iwjcoming  a  mere  tool  or  cypher  in  Ihelr 
lionds  or  ho  mimi  break  away  from  thfio 
at  otice,  and  take  an  \ni\  '   •  '  "*  ttAXul 
lie  canmit  ^oin  tbo  opj  ^  «3AiaA9 

the  opponitum  tnay  be  tu  #-  ....... >.r  eon- 

d  iti  on,  or  bteauttA  Eta  nrcifeii«d  ajina  ar* 
hoHtile  tu  hia  con«r|oticiii«,  and  ther«  b 
no  roooiiTftA  but  In  «ntirt  lndep*n«lAQ«av 
Yet,  to  mume  «aoh  an  IndofiendtDoe  la 
often  to  ihut  himiislf  eat  e*>nipletejf 
from  any  partieiPAtJon  \u  alfaln^  to  go 
into  A  kind  of  volnntarj  iBohoi^itii  or 
eiilfi,  and  ao  b«eoiti«  eadbaa  to  wotA^> 
It  U  tnio  that  a  Jrtrong  man,  or  one  who 
has  the  Hj.dit  with  hifn,  may,  by  #tf«mi* 
ou»  I  V  of  hii  own,  AOil 

hy  t '  :  die  eorruplioii 

off  -'      "-^*  miiaA 

ofL.  -f  thb 

mak  V  auxM  %.ai  i  . . .  i  I  er  mA 

with  partlAA,  >  HitboQl 

til  it  ftwroe  will'  '  I  >  U*  tun  urn 

rcfornii^r't  if  ,  i- 

tioo,  they  do  r  ^i- 


^ 


562 


Editorial  Notei — American  LiUrature. 


[Nar. 


dant  ridicule,  and  an  utter  impotence. 
One  of  the  most  eiubarriis;4ing  problems, 
conse<}nentIy,  that  presentD  itself  to  a 
conscientions  mind  for  solution,  is,  how 
far  he  may  or  may  not  act  with  the  pre- 
dominant political  parties  of  his  country. 
If  ho  vetires  from  all  exercise  of  liis  po- 
litical rightii,  he  may  be  abandoning  liis 
country  to  the  control  of  sharpers  and 
knaves;  if  he  contents  himself  with  the 
simple  expression  of  his  private  views, 
he  relinquishes  his  etTcctive  influence; 
anj)  if  he  joins  the  regular  opposition, 
he  gives  counteifance  to  a  policy  an- 
tagonistic to  his  real  convictions.  In 
either  cn&e  it  is  obvious  that  he  does  not 
discharge  lu's  duties  as  a  citizen,  respon- 
sible, to  the  extent  of  his  ability,  for  the 
public  action  of  the  community  of  which 
he  is  a  member. 

This  embarnisstnent  arises  from  the 
facility  with  which  parties  in  their  prac- 
tical o[)erjitioiis  slip  away  from  the  tlieo- 
retical  principles  on  which  tliey  were 
originnlly  constituted.  Sometimes  they 
are  unconsciously  misled  by  the  sudden 
adoption  of  measure:!  whose  ultimate 
bearings  they  have  not  jxirceived ;  some- 
Uines  the  mere  spirit  of  opposition  to 
old  hereditary  antagonists  betrays  them 
into  a  false  position  ;  sometimes  a  man 
of  rare  and  curumanding  popular  talents 
dazzles  them  into  momentary  blindness; 
and  Sometimes  they  wilfully  pervert 
truth  and  honesty  in  a  desperate  hunger 
for  emoluments  aud  |x>wer.  But  what- 
ever the  cause,  they  are  pretty  sure  to 
go  wrong,  and  once  wrong,  the  absurd 
pretension  to  infallibility,  with  which 
all  public  bodies  are  more  or  less  insani- 
fied,  backed  by  the  machinery  of  organ- 
ization, is  apt  to  keep  them  wrong  for 
years.  It  is  in  vain  that  individuals 
protest  ag:dnst  their  errors — in  vain  that 
their  enemies  expose  their  inconsistency 
— ^in  vain  that  they  suffer  temporary 
defeats;  the  tremendous  mechanism 
works  on,  carrying  them  further  from 
their  point  of  departure,  and  wider  and 
wider  from  their  true  end. 

In  this  view  ot  the  action  of  parties, 
such  works  as  those  of  Mr.  Van  Sant- 
Yoord  or  Mr.  Baldwin,  have  a  special 
value  in  the  light  which  they  throw 
upon  the  action  of  parties  in  the  past, 
and  in  the  instruction  we  are  enabled  to 
derive  from  tliem  in  regard  to  the  pre- 
sent and  future.  But  we  are  writing  an 
essay,  we  find,  instead  of  a  notice,  and 
must  postpone  the  subject  to  another 
opportnni^. 

—Mr.  Whittibb,  who  is  the  Tyrteiu 


of  poets  And  a  Quako^nll  of  the  spirit 
of  battle,  writes,  nevenholess,  agreeable 
and  graceful  pntse.  His  Literary  Bc" 
creations  are  collections  from  his  news- 
paper fragments,  and  form  an  acceptaUs 
miscellany.  They  make  no  pretension 
to  profound  thought  or  high  originality, 
yet  they  are  suggestive  and  profitable. 
He  is  a  most  uncompromising assertor  of 
his  principles,  and  still  genial,  courteous, 
and  tender.  The  shams  of  this  earth 
find  no  fiivor  at  his  hands,  whether  they 
are  the  cruel  ones  or  tlie  sentimental, 
although  his  heart  overruns  with  fine 
affections  and  hopes.  He  can  speak  of 
his  brother  poets,  too,  without  envy,  in 
the  spirit  of  praise  and  candor,  passing 
lightly  over  their  defects,  and  warmly 
admiring  their  excellences.  As  to  iti 
subjects,  the  book  is  literally  what  its 
title  imports,  a  recreation,  various,  lights 
fanciful,  and  serious,  by  turns.  One  can 
beguile  an  hour  er  two  with  it  with  ease 
and  advantage. 

— Mr.  Baskebville^s  transladons  of  the 
German  poets  (with  the  Grerman  on  one 
page  and  the  English  on  the  other), 
though  it  com]>rises  selections  from  a 
large  number  of  them,  is  remarkably 
well  executed  throughout.  Here  and 
there  we  meet  a  stanza  that  might  have 
been  more  felicitously  rendered ;  but  on 
the  whole,  his  success  is  decided.  Stn- 
dents  of  the  German  language,  therefore, 
will  find  his  book  a  considerable  asbist- 
ance  in  tlieir  tasks ;  one  that  will  intro- 
duce them  to  some  of  the  finest  poetry 
in  the  world,  and  fill  their  minds  with 
faithful  and  happy  phrases.  Mr.  Gar- 
rigue,  the  publisher,  has  brought  out  the 
volume  with  commendable  neatness  and 
taste.  A  critical  introduction  on  the 
school  of  German  i>oetry  mighty  perhapSi 
be  an  improvement  to  a  second  edition. 
—The  UermiCs  Dell,  from  ike  JDiary 
of  a  Penciller^  is  a  pleasing  sketch  of 
the  incidents  of  country  life,  sometimes 
gay,  and  sometimes  sad,  but  always 
healthful  and  true.  It  is,  apparently,  a 
first  attempt  by  the  autlior,  but  one 
that  gives  high  promise.  He  has  an  eyo 
for  the  picturewjue  in  scenery,  as  well  as 
a  heart  for  good  sentiment,  and  his  per- 
ception of  character  is  also  penetrating. 
— The  fine  edition  of  Sibims'  writings, 
which  Bed  field  is  publishing,  has  reached 
as  far  as  The  Scout ^  one  of  the  most  sao- 
cessful  of  his  numerous  sketches  of  the 
life  and  manners  of  the  South  of  the  last 
century.  The  scene  is  laid  in  the  time 
of  the  Revolution,  and  the  narnuiTa 
gives  ns  a  vivid  picture  of  the  advent 


JUiiGiFiai  Jfoin — Amwrhm  Literaturw, 


S«$ 


I  JBb  of  ^#  wild  troopore  of  Uicm« 

— An    ■^(lr«<i«  ^oU^ereil    bt^fope  the 
UtiTftrj  »ndrt^r»  of  Itoeh<v>ri*^r  Univcr- 

m  '  "fniiji  viirtlicution  (*f 

Ihv  ;  (lie  iiOf(?**ity  of  a 

hitg^cr  (public  r^liK^attoti,  Wo  c^iiriot 
Mf  W)«  igree  wHli  him  in  hh  principle 
m  la  IIk  duty  ^»f  MiiJ  Brnto  in  I'lirnbliing 
•dMllOU  to  Ui0  [t«op]«;  Uia  we  f^r- 
ttlfl3yill»i|ri*#«  witfj  liirn      * '■      ^     ■    ttu* 


if 
^*f 

iV- 


kr 


iiU^  idS  A  n^w  VI 4 rime  of  iTU[»res*kin* 

34 v\  Uij^tofL     Tins' IJ  Lie  Hlid 

tl^*  utlv  hi({ieato  the*  dm^ 

«d  rS 

Id  ^  I r^  i< » >Y liiuh 

ih<  i  rL**ijrt*i  fur 

reci — -   ...,..,     .....  Cilon.      And 

iodi^^  jlII  Urn  nHiiUifH  thraq^^tout  llie 
hook  hftVi?  an  urt^tnu  of  tin  >..nt}i  imd 
Ul»*  Eii*t,   wliich    la    IV  AtlilO- 

[•f©  I «f  1  r**c<>ni  of  t  ri  :  ,  rLWuna 

iciMtlfNOi,      iMtt-Kdrn  i*  n  Itt^tk  bo- 
lo  ti»o  UHHt  rcrrnt  rlfi^^  nf  Ain«^ 


KOI. 

sr«tTtr« 

i*f  irisv 

1  with 

^P  Mnu'tnititv 

^♦f  fh*' 

1 4  in  % 

m 

irwrtive, 

a^*l 

ifipftit* 

tap 

.rid 

Bk 

to 

bk 

.  ti  Hvii- 

M). 

itrr;  to 

M,'- 

-  >-fh. 

Kb; 

-f 

f 

I 


among  i 

of  tl>(»  E 
tilt  Mi! 
nature  U 

OiDdilkih  ai'  I 


■M 


■  M  n  nf 

^^t 

d 


turef  and  its  ss|KM!t  of  ilavory,  Art 
simple^  natural^  and  Wt41  |>at.  Tbd 
thciagliiful  i^odor  wdl  tiit^c^r  ovt«r  iLe 
imi^^^  nod  gm^oly  n-^k  Inirt^df  whi^i  ib^ 
iittlii*rne©  of  *ucli  aud  mi  Inrgit  on  iK^es* 
^i{»n  to  nur  dEiniHTa  iiiii^tii  !>&.  But 
nmojig  a11  tho  wiirk>«  la  waitdi  vagvr  and 

truol*jd  by  Uicj  antiHUiiitly  iiif '  \  - 


m 


Ti>  tlw)  man  of 

t,(;a*i-/va*^iriJt 

*  ctrain  ir^na  ori* 

11  wln4o  !iO  will 

.f 


f^iiiHtioii,  ther, 

ti^iligibie  a  pM  iii<. 
chanmter  of  Uulmu 
imigiiiAtion  ftn-l  'i^' 

catiil  hi<n*y.     li       ^ 
truc*^  and  i^njoy  Um  bmI 
lh«  S**aih  and  lIn^  EimV  i- 

gled  awe€iiiei»a  and  .'<adtH»M,  i^(v  Biuwi 
luxury  and  bvcUuL'^  and  mil  rii-d  iifiti»^ 
rfiily  to  liiu  strdtii  of  mt^UtMsMjf  Ml 
tiiip^if^kfaoti  triUHbo  witb  wbiiiU  lu#  Mfr* 
thor  *<in;t»  V  Bntm. 

but  rtty  nignilkaui  tilk  of  Mr.  lii«atai» 
GjuxT  WiiiTJE*#  volntrtfr  %4  cHlioal  eanjiya 
oo  Uki  ^ditora,  atkuocatons  and  irnfiror* 
or«  of  tlie  test  <jf  tht  greeit  ^^  a[»(tc«ri 
to  ha?o  lM»n  oa^eriy  T^eao,  and   v«rj 
fa¥oral>iy    reviewed    W  Bbukeoueifiaft 
ettidt:nts  \n  Engkod.     Even  iho  LtMadoo 
Aiken^mn^  wiilcL  liA»  bt»fi  tl»«  obaiik* 
pbn  of  Uulliifr'a  tolio  em^DdatloAA^  Ito 
p»^  ^  f^ii«#ii«i  al  wjilob  Mr.  Wlilit 
diii»el«  bi^  entim!  eataptilt  with  u»ii|i«rp 
ing  T]||ur,  Iho  iroluirvo  in  tbi» 

moiit  eofn  >  iiMUinerf  Unxi^^  aol 

wh^v' .  .iiv^  m  all  tbu  ophiioiw  of 

Ibe  '  '  jU<]  i3riiic.     Thc.N«  «>f  04ir 

nHuii-rn  vvjio  ri*ad  iho  itMjii  iti  proTiottt 
nambem  of  Puimmk^t  M^mthi^  mk  Mr. 
CoHitir'ii  Fiilio^  wblcb  ftjrtr  *'"^  ^ f^if  of 
Mr,   WUito**  voJuiim,  li-  ^«  in- 

fortm^'l  -«'  *^'**  critk?J  al.i,.  ,.   M.^^^lajtd 
Uv  1  iling  tbtt  fObjcwt;  boi  mm 

j/iuLiLC ...    ....  :  10  daviHffd  Ml  ftnd  ooto* 

pr*b«nstrii  toaniitig  tnanifiirttd  in  8ludK#» 

!»iK'iLrii'ii  Sfshular,  will  be  a  ^tirprlMt  vtoii 

itmi.     Mr  Wblit  biM  tbu  aral,  Ibt 

'Cry,  and  ib«  «iilbik>t»iJU  of  a  l«* 

uwiuiatit;  but  tbvn  biM  fuiailicliBi 


of  a  gvniiina  apfpn 
uf  thftt  wliiob  b  tfiititl^  ta  tl»«  h^vmoi^ 
of  titt  wM  and  irirtu4>ni*;  k  b  afanaU* 
<diRi     ■  i^*le  wilht 

oool  lUi.   IIo  b 

llfrt  otic  il  .    !ii.-i,«  ^^  in'**  f  •»«?»< 

lion  man  I  in    n  di)«llaiitl*Mlt 

Ibiidotia  !•  >  r-' --  and  hbakv^Miadai 
tfiQfMlIti,  but  f  >r  tbe  (lurliy  uf  m  l€Sl 
of  MiSiiAiiu?  I  and  hia  allMru  wfU  i&lltli 


564 


Editmal  Notes — American  Literature. 


[Not. 


him  to  the  gratitado  of  every  nnpreja- 
diccd  lover  of  Sliakespcare.  The  AAe- 
nctum  sap,  "it  is  a  most  meritorioiiB 
volume — one  of  the  most  stirring  vol- 
umes of  Shakespearian  criticism  we  have 
read."  Oonsidering  who  have  hereto- 
fore written  Tolamcs  of  Shakespearian 
criticism,  it  strikes  us  that  this  is  qnlte 
the  highest  praise  that  the  critic  could 
have  bestowed.  Not  the  least  valuable, 
or  interesting  chapter  of  Mr.  Whitens 
volume,  is  that  in  which  he  discusses  the 
true  ortliograpby  of  Shakespearo^s  name, 
and  wo  think  that  he  estabushes  beyond 
question,  that  it  should  be  spelled  as  he 
writes  it — Shakespeare*  The  AthencBum 
omits  the  first  ^  which  is  tlie  more  com- 
mon orthography  in  England ;  but,  in 
quoting  the  autiior  under  review,  allows 
him  the  privilege  of  spelling  according 
to  his  own  standard.  Some  of  our  own 
papers,  we  observe,  in  noticing  the  work, 
make  the  author  conform  to  their  own 
crude  ideas  in  spelling  the  name  of 
Shakespeare,  whicli  is  a  very  great  in- 
justice ;  thus,  the  Tribune^  for  instance, 
puts  the  author  in  the  ridiculous  plight 
of  spelling  the  name,  bereft  of  two 
vowels,  not  withstanding  his  elaborate 
and  conclusive  argument  proving  the  in- 
correctness of  that  method.  We  do 
not,  by  any  means,  agree  with  Shake- 
epeare^s  Scholar  in  all  his  criticisms ;  but 
we  most  heartily  commend  the  spirit  of 
his  volume,  and  do  not  doubt  that  it  will 
have  a  marked  and  lasting  influence,  in 
restoring  the  purity  of  Shakespeare's 
text,  and  freeing  the  world  from  volumes 
of  useless  and  annoying  annotations  and 
emendations,  in  future  editions.  We 
must  observe  in  conclusion — ^for  we  have 
attempted  nothing  more  than  to  call  at- 
tention to  the  book — ^tliat  it  is  in  all  the 
details  of  its  making  up,  a  model  volume, 
and  we  hope  it  will  be  used  as  such,  by 
our  publishers  hereafter. 

— ^The  approach  of  wintry  weather  and 
the  holiday  season,  is  indicated  by  the 
appearance  on  our  table  of  some  of  the 
butterfly  books  which  come  out  of  the 
chrysalis  state,  at  this  time  of  the  year. 
We  shall  have  to  postpone  until  our 
December  number,  a  notice  of  these 
winter  beauties.  But  our  eye  has  been 
attracted  by  a  crimson-covered  volume, 
of  very  beautiful  appearance,  published 
by  Lindsay  &  Blakiston,  of  Piiiladelphia, 
called  the  Birde  of  the  BibUy  which  we 
notice  briefly  now.  The  illustrations 
consist  of  very  beaatiful  drawings  of 
the  birds  mentioned  in  Scripture,  printed 
in  litho-tint.    They  are  quite  the  best 


specimens  of  the  art  that  we  have 
executed  in  this  country.  Of  the  text, 
we  cannot  now  speak ;  but  we  did  not 
suppose  that  the  ornithology  of  the  Bible 
was  80  limited,  until  we  glanced  our 
eye  over  this  pretty  volume.  We  have 
now  had  the  Women  of  the  Bible,  the 
Flowers  of  the  Bible,  the  Bards  of  the 
Bible,  and  the  Birds  of  the  Bible;  the 
Beasts,  the  Men,  and  the  Fishes,  yet  re- 
main to  be  done. 

— A/raja  is  the  title  of  a  tale  of  Nor- 
wegian and  Lapland  Ufe,  translated  by 
Edwabd  Jot  Morris,  late  our  charge 
at  Naples,  from  the  German  of  Theodore 
MOgge.  It  is  a  recent  pnblication  la 
Germany,  and  it  has  had  a  great  and 
very  deserved  success,  for  it  is  a  story 
of  the  most  absorbing  interuet,  written 
with  great  vigor  and  purity,  and  con- 
taining descriptions,  remarkable  for 
romantic  picturesquencss  and  novelty. 
Lindsay  &  Blakiston,  Philadelnhia. 

— ^The  tenth  edition  of  a  book  is  rather 
strong  presumptive  evidence  of  its  ex- 
cellence, particularly  if  it  is  of  a  grave 
character.  We  have  received  from 
Murphy  &  Co.,  of  Baltimore,  the  tenth 
edition  of  Fredefa  Modem  Hietory^  a 
work  which  has  probably  been  circum- 
scribed in  its  circulation  by  its  sectarian 
character.  The  same  publishers  have 
also  issued  the  fourth  edition  of  the 
same  author^s  Ancient  History^  and  a 
pocket  edition  of  the  Abb6  Segur's  ^^Shert 
and  Familiar  Answers  to  the  fno$t  eem" 
mon  Objections  urged  against  Religiom^ 
edited  by  Dr.  Huntington. 

— "  Old  Redstone,''  is  the  odd  title  of 
a  good  sized  volume  which  will  be  a  de- 
light to  presbyterian  readers.  There  is 
a  pious  unction  in  it  which  many  books 
of  much  greater  pretensions  would  be 
the  better  for.  The  author  b  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Smith,  D.  D.  and  his  theme  is 
the  history  of  Western  Presbyterianism. 
Published  by  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Ca, 
Philadelphia. 

— ^''^ Kansas  and  Kebraska''  by  Edward 
E.  Bale,  is  a  timely  volume  from  the 
firm  of  Phillips,  Sampson  &  Co.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  is  not  a  political  tract,  but  a 
practical  work  on  the  geography,  liistory 
and  resources  of  the  new  Ctmaaus  of  our 
confederacy;  the  information  which  it 
contains  is  full  and  reliable. 

— ^Evans  &  Dickersou,  of  New  York, 
are  the  publishers  of  a  series  of  the  fittest 
and  most  agreeable  books  for  children 
that  we  have  seen;  they  are  not  oi^y 
good,  as  to  matter,  but  manner.  Too  littk 
attention  has  been  hitherto  paid  in  ohild* 


1854.J 


Hditonal  Notes — EnglUh  Littrature, 


565 


ren*8  books  to  externals ;  they  liave  been 
bftilly  got  up,  slovenly  in  look  and  mean 
in  iLluatmtions.  Bat  these  little  volumes 
are  beautifully  printed  with  good  clear 
type,  white  paper,  and  well  drawn  illus- 
trations; so  that  the  eye  and  the  mind 
are  simultaneously  tauglit  to  love  and 
appreciate  what  is  excellent.  The 
Bathetic  sense  is  thus  appealed  to,  aud 
educated  in  the  right  way,  as  well  as 
the  moral  sense. 

— Appleton  &  Co.  have  publislicd  ^*'A 
CompkU  Treatise  on  Artificial  Fiah- 
Brteding^^^  translated  from  the  French 
by  W.  II.  Fky,  £s(i.  This  liitle  work  is 
Dot  merely  a  translation,  however,  hut  a 
oompihition  of  all  that  has  been  pub- 
lish<^,  butli  in  Franco  and  England,  on 
the  new  and  interesting  art  of  piscicnl- 
tare.  Though  the  subject  is  a  f>ecu]iarly 
technical  one,  yet  tlie  autlior  has  infused 
into  it  da^hes  of  his  own  humor  and 
eameftnosM,  und  the  treatise  will  be  read 
with  pleasure  even  by  those  who  do  not 
intend  to  avail  themselves  of  the  inform- 
ation which  it  contains,  in  reference  to 
the  important  art  of  breeding  fish,  as  we 
enltivate  fruits  and  flowers,  or  hatch 
chickens,  by  systematic  rules. 

— ^Mtrssrs.  Sheldon,  Lamport  h  Bloke- 
maa  have  published  a  novel  of  modern  so- 
eiety,  by  Mrs.  I^ncoln  Piibu*8,  of  Patai>- 
■00  Mills  in  Maryland ;  the  book  is  dedi- 
cated* to  her  pupils  for  whoso  edification 
it  was  written.  But,  books  for  young 
people,  like  Uieir  food,  should  nut  merely 
be  free  from  improi»er  hubs^tunces,  they 
flbonld  also  bo  enjoyable  and  nutritive. 
Ma  Norman^  however, — the  title  of  Mrs. 
Pbelps*s  novel,  is  one  of  the  least  otlen- 
•ive  of  its  clas!<,  and  at  the  same  time  the 
least  jaicy.  The  scene  is  laid  in  New 
York;  but  the  kind  of  people  introduced 
are  not  to  1)c  found  in  any  hociery,  we 
imagine,  that  lays  claim  to  humanity.  In 
addition  to  it^  purity  of  motives  it  has 
the  not  trilling  merit  of  being  grammati- 
cally written. 

Enomsii. — The  fine  library  editions 
of  stamhird  and  cla-sical  works,  l<«sued  by 
Bohn,  are  almost  as  much  American  us 
Eoglidh,  for  they  are  a-  widely  cirt-ulated 
in  this  cotmtry,  through  the  a;|:enov  of 
Bangs  &  Krotlier,  a-*  they  uro  in  Kng- 
land.  Among  the  later  works  which 
enrich  thi'4  K*ries,  are  (ribU>irs  Kome, 
with  various  now  notes,  induliiig  those 
of  Guizot,  Wcmtk,  Schreiter,  and  Hugo; 
the  complete  works  of  l)uFoe,  that 
■Hate  and  wonderful  narrator;  a  new 
ion  of  Strabo;  a  liistory  of  Ilua- 


gary,  including  a  life  of  Kossnth,  bring- 
ing his  memoirs  down  to  the  present 
day ;  a  History  of  Russia,  compiled  from 
KaraniMn,  Segur,  and  others;  and  a 
prose  translation  of  Aristophanes,  much 
better  than  any  poetic  one  that  \ie  have 
seen.  Tlicso  volumes  are  neatly  printed, 
in  uniform  size  and  8ha])e,  and  most 
carefully  edited. 

— Tliero  is  no  writer  on  serious  topics 
in  England,  whom  we  read  with  greater 
profit  or  pleasure  than  Pbofessok  Mau- 
BioB,  whose  recent  lectures  on  The  Ee- 
cleiiastical  History  of  the  First  and  Se- 
cond Centuries  is  worthy  of  his  high 
fame  as  a  Christian  and  a  scholar.  They 
might  more  proi>erly  be  called  comments 
upon  the  history  of  the  church,  than  a 
history,  for  he  mingles  so  much  fine 
philosophic  reflection  and  sagacious  re- 
mark with  the  course  of  his  narrative, 
that  his  book  is  as  much  a  treatise  as  a 
story.  Ho  guides  his  reader  to  the 
sources  of  knowledge,  while  he  gives  them 
a  picture  of  the  times  of  wliich  he  writes ; 
and  his  sentiments  are  sq  liberal,  his  tone 
80  elevated  and  earnest,  that  one  finds 
no  fault  with  the  occasiimal  points  on 
which  he  is  compelled  to  disagree  with 
his  author.  The  biograpliic  sketches  of 
the  fathers,  and  other  leading  men,  are 
admirably  well  done,  and  impart  a  genial 
interest  to  the  details  of  controvursies 
and  doctrines.  Mr.  Maurice  U  inflexibly 
orthodox  in  maintaining  the  doctrine  and 
discipline  of  the  church ;  but  ho  has  Hich 
a  quick  sympathy  with  chanicter,  and 
sucli  a  keen  discernment  of  the  causes 
and  tendencies  of  error,  that  his  portraits 
of  the  great  heretics,  and  their  o])inions, 
have  the  most  vivid  and  life-like  fidelity. 
He  enters  at  once  into  the  conflicts  of 
their  conscience::,  and  the  struggles  of 
their  intclloctis  and  thus  ]K>rtrays  tliem 
to  us  as  veritable  flesh  and  bliMHl,  and 
not  as  portentous  and  unintelligible 
monsters,  as  they  are  too  often  depicted. 
>Ve  might  pick  out  a  dozen  of  these  his- 
torical iHirtraits, — if  wo  ha<l  space, — 
which  would  gratify  our  n^aders,  and 
ca*>t  a  new  light  u[Hn\  their  understand- 
ing of  those  earlier  days. 

— A  translation  of  FEt'EunAcn's  Essence 
of  Christianity^  by  Miss  Eva.ns,  is  an 
attempt  to  transplant  the  extreme  left  of 
Gennan  S|M.'Cnlation  into  English  s«»il. 
Feuerbach  cannot  bocalleil  aUationalist, 
becjiuso  he  critici'H»«  the  UaiioiuilistM  un- 
mercifully ;  nor  a  Spiritualist,  with  whom 
he  deals  in  the  same  s<rvero  spirit ;  and 
the  proper  hchool  wherein  to  cIilss  bira 
IB  that  of  the  Uuinanitariansi  or  that 


566 


Editorial  NoUi^JShtglith  Literature. 


[Nor. 


"which  seeks  to  establish  a  religion  of  Ha- 
manitarianism.  His  main  positions  are 
these, — that  there  are  certain  qn^ities 
of  haman  nature,  as  love,  will,  and  un- 
derstanding, which  possess  the  indivi- 
dnal,  rather  than  that  he  possesses  them ; 
that  these  qnalitie?,  being  projected  ont 
of  the  individual,  constitute  a  being 
which  he  considers  a  deity;  and  tha^ 
consequentiv,  tlie  essential  characteristic 
of  deity  is  that  of  an  idealized  humanity, 
and  not  that  of  a  self-subsistent  indefien- 
dent  personal  Religion ;  therefore,  is  the 
relation  of  man  to  himself,  and  his  highest 
duty,  the  love  of  his  race.  Whoever 
succeeds  in  manifesting  this  love  in  a 
supreme  degree,  is  a  Christ,  because  the 
consciousness  of  the  race  then  supplants 
the  individual  consciousness.  All  specu- 
lation that  ifttempts  to  transcend  nature 
and  humanity  is  vain  and  fruitless.  Miss 
Evans  has  made  an  excellent  version  of 
the  work  for  those  who  care  to  perplex 
themselves  in  the  strange  theology  of 
the  author. 

— ^Few  natural  philosophers  have  won  a 
more  eminent  name  than  John  Dalton, 
the  originator  of  the  atomic  theory  of 
chemistry,  now  almost  universally  re- 
ceived by  the  adepts  in  that  science.  A 
Memoir  of  his  Life  and  ScientiJU  Re- 
searches^ written  by  his  friend  Dr.  W.  0. 
Hexky,  and  printed  by  the  Cavendish 
Society,  gives  interesting  details  of  his 
personal  character  and  liis  discoveries, 
lie  was  a  self-taught  man,  but,  by  dili- 
gence and  self-reliance,  combined  with 
original  genius,  he  rose  to  the  highest 
rank  in  the  walks  of  science.  His  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  Davy,  La  Place, 
liertMlet,  Araj^o,  Biot,  and  other  dis- 
tingui>hed  savaus^  has  enabled  his  bio- 
grapher to  impart  an  unusual  interest  to 
liis  memoirs. 

— "  Irtingisjn  and  Mormonism^  tested 
ly  Scripture,''  is  the  title  of  a  small 
volume  recently  published  in  London,  by 
the  Rev.  Emilius  Gfers,  with  prefatory 
notes  by  James  I^kidoes  Esq.  The  au- 
thor j^ives  a  brief  history  of  Irvingism 
and  Mormoiiism,  but  Mr.  Bridges  in  his 
prefatory  note<,  which  are  refreshing  for 
their  sturdy  orthodoxy,  classes  together 
a  good  many  (tther  isms,  whose  holders 
will  be  shocked  to  find  them  ranked  with 
such  outre  comjiany.  Mr.  Bridges  thinks 
that  tlie  Devil  "is  more  dangerous  when 
he  decks  himself'  out  as  an  anjrel  of  light, 
than  when  he  makes  open  show  of  his 
hoof  and  scorpion  tnnpue."  And  there- 
fore ho  ranks  tofretlit-r  Socinianism,  Pu- 
Boyism,  Papacy,  Irvingism  and  Mormon- 


ism  ;  a  feeling  which  will  be  shared  hf 
a  good  many  honest  orthodox  presbyt^- 
rians,  of  which  faith  we  imagine  Mr. 
Bridges  to  be  a  member;  but  whkh 
each  of  the  sects  involved  will  TfbA 
against,  as  not  being  so  amiable  or  Joit 
as  it  might  be. 

— ^The  AthefUBum  gives  a  notice  of  i 
new  work,  recently  published  hj[  Fhh 
fessor  Ansted,  the  geologist,  whose  viRt 
to  the  United  States  will  be  remcn- 
bered  by  many  of  our  sdentifio  muL 
The  work  is  called,  '^  Scenery^  Seimiet^ 
and  Art;  or^  Bttractt  from  tk$  Nt^ 
Booh  of  a  Geological  and  Mining  Enfi' 
neer,^^    The  AtheruBum  says : 

^^That  the  volume  is  one  of  TtrietiM 
may  be  inferred  from  a  transition  to  the 
great  ^  Hotel  Question,*  illustrated  Ij 
the  practice  of  New  York.  lYofessor 
Ansted  arrived  on  New  Year's  day : — 

'*  *'  I  found  an  excellent  dinner  at  the 
hotel  (Astor  House)  at  which  I  pnt  op, 
and  learned  that  the  proprietors  took  thii 
opportunity  of  paying  a  compliment  to 
their  friends  by  giving  a  better  in«al 
than   usual,    and    providing    exoelleot 
champagne  ad  libttum  without  extra 
charge.    As  it  is  the  practice  in  the 
States  generally  for  each  person  to  psy 
a  fixed  and  uniform  rate  per  day  fcr 
board  and  lodging  together,  at  all  honses 
of  public  entertainment,  which  in  fact 
rather   resemble    boarding-houses  than 
our  hotels  or  inns,  this  arrangement  is 
not  so  extraordinary  as  it  would  other- 
wise   appear.    It    was    certainly    very 
agreeable ;  as,  owing  to  our  long  vovige, 
and  the  difficulty  of  preserving  the  flavor 
of  meats  in  an  ice-house,  our  appetites 
w^ere  such  as  to  enable  us  to  do  foil 
justice  to  the  excellent  venison  and  other 
delicacies  served  up.     The  price  charged 
at  the  first  hotels  fi>r  board  and  lodging, 
(except  wines  and  liquors)  is  not  more 
than  10a.  Gd.  per  day  ;  and  for  this  one 
may  have  breakfast  at  any  hour,  dinner, 
tea,  and  supper ;  and  I  must  say  that, 
here,  at  lea-.t,  no  one  need  c<»m|»lsin  of 
the  hurry  of  the  dinner,  or  the  ditificnlty 
of  obtaining  anything  wanted.    AUthit 
is  needed  in  to  speak  to  the  waiter,  hvA 
give  him  to  understand  that  some  pro- 
spective good  in  the  way  of  a  halt  dolitf 
awaits  him  if  he  looks  nt\er  your  inte- 
rests, and  he  will  tlien  take  care  ihatyoo 
shall  want  for  nothing.' 

''  He  admits  that  the  Americans  irt 
fond  of  asking  qnestious;  bnt  inaisti 
that  they  answer,  with  particular  coup- 
te-y,  in(iuiries  that  arc  made  of  them  i* 
return.  A  tourist  who  never  puts  a  qaeij 


JBdiianal  NoUi^Fhk/B  Artt. 


667 


MesBBrily  polite,— he  may  be 
The  Professor's  impressions  of 
L  society  appear  to  have  been 
easorable;  bat  his  notes  with 
t  the  States  are  chiefly  of  a  sd- 
wription.  His  book,  altogether, 
ble  and  interesting.'* 

last  novel  of  Mr.  Habbison 
ra,  who  appears  to  be  as  pro- 
d  inexbanstible  James,  is  named 
iff  Bacon;  or^  the  Ou»tom  of 

and  is  interesting  on  account 
folar  custom  which  it  illustrates. 
that  about  the  beginning  of  the 
I  century,  a  Sir  Waltar  Fitz- 
t  a  legacy  to  the  Priory  of  Dun- 
oviding  that  a  flitch  of  bacon 
I  given  to  every  married  couple 
ud  prove  that,  for  one  year  and 
er  marriage,  no  nuptial  trans- 
had  been  committed  by  either, 
'*  household  brawls  or  strife" 
rred  between  them,  and  that 
ad  uttered  the  wish  to  be  un- 
Sun.    Tills  legacy  was  intended 

as  a  sly  satire  upon  the  mar- 
tion,  but  it  was  taken  in  good 
the  people,  and  from  time  to 
ons  couples  came  forward  to 
<  prize.  But  the  intervals  ap- 
,ve  been  pretty  long  ones.  The 
I  was  made  iu  the  seventh  year 
ign  of  Edward  IV.,  the  second 
^  of  Henry  Vl.^nd  the  third 

Vni.'s  time.  The  last  suc- 
dm  on  record  was  proffered  in 
r.  Ainsworth  has  made  the 
)ld  cusU)m  the  groundwork  of 
I,  which  seems  to  us  very 
ind  even  instructive,  in  its  por- 
)f  the  men  and  manners  of  the 
.  is  by  far  the  best  novel  that 
itten. 

Hide  and  Seeh  of  Mr.  Wilkib 
he  autlior  of  Antonina^  is  a  ro- 
the  present  day,  «)f  rare  artistic 
d  evincing:  uncommon  ])Owers 
reandiKJFtrait-painting.  There 
ch  originality  in  the  plot,  but 
3ters  are  vividly  prt-sontod,  and 
ip  with  great  etfoct.  One  of 
nages,  a  Sir.  Blythe,  an  eccen- 
1-hearted,    simple-minded    old 

0  devotes  himself  to  his  art  in 
love  of  it,  without  jiower  to 

rreainess  in  it,  is  admirably 
d  the  work  deserves  to  be  reacl, 
make  his  acpiaintance.  It  is 
se  touches  of  nature  which  only 

1  give.  His  danphter,  ti»o,  the 
[luiiib  girl,  the  Madonna  of  liis 
n,  \^  an  exquisite  sketch,  but  is 
riginal  a  creation.    The  other 


characters  are  not  so  well  sustained ;  in- 
deed, some  of  them  are  strikingly  de- 
fective; but  the  work  deserves  to  be 
republished  in  this  country,  if  it  is  not 
already  by  the  time  this  notice  reaches 
our  readers. 

— One  of  the  most  pleasing  and  agree- 
able of  the  late  English  publications  is 
the  Satires  and  SatirUte  of  Mr.  Jambs 
Haknay — himself  a  satirist  of  some  little 
reputation.  Ho  treats  his  subject  in  the 
best  light,  not  philosophically,  or  in  the 
way  of  definition,  but  historically  and 
pictorially,  giving  us  sketches  of  the  lives 
and  works  of  the  principal  satirists,  from 
Horace  to  Thackeray  and  Dickens.  Why 
he  leaves  out  Aristophanes  and  the 
Greeks,  and  why  he  overlooks  the  Cter- 
man,  Spanish,  and  Italian  satirists,  we 
cannot  say ;  but  of  thos^  that  he  does 
treat,  he  nas  furnished  most  lively  and 
instructive  characters.  The  remarks  on 
Erasmus,  Butler,  and  Swift  are  espe- 
cially good ;  and  we  arc  glad  to  see  that 
in  what  he  says  of  the  latter  he  is  in- 
clined to  break  a  lance  with  Tliackeray, 
although  Mr.  Hannay  himself  does  not 
do  complete  justice  to  the  mastcriy  old 
Dean.  A  fine  appreciation  and  sympathy 
runs  through  the  entire  volume,  whion 
we  commend  to  our  ])ublishers  as  a  moat 
appropriate  one  for  republication. 


FINE   ARTS. 

It  must  not  be  inferred  that  what  we 
call  Fine  Art  "sufters  a  syncope  and 
awful  pause,"  because  there  are  no 
popular  exhibitions  of  paintings  or  sta- 
tues to  attract  public  attention.  The  ap- 
preciation for  art  must  be  very  general 
and  sincere,  before  there  can  be  any 
imposing  collections  or  galleries.  In  this 
case,  as  in  commerce,  tlie  demand  for  art 
must  precede  the  supply  of  the  article. 
Men<of  talent  and  genius  cannot  afford 
to  waste  their  time  in  producing  works 
which  And  neither  purchasers  nor  ad- 
mirers. But,  if  there  is  no  furore  about 
the  fine  arts  among  us,  there  is  a  grow- 
ing fondness  for  ornamentation  in  archi- 
tecture and  furniture,  which  cannot  fail 
to  lead  to  something  better,  and  beget 
artists,  who  will  minister  to  higher 
tastes  than  those  tliat  are  gratified  by 
imitations  of  Louis  Qiiinze  sofas  and 
picture-frames.  Tlie  opening  of  the 
new  Opera  House,  in  Fourteenth  Street 
— the  "  New  York  Ac:idemy  of  Music," 
as  it  has  been  calK-d  by  Legislative  enact- 
ment— has  revealed  to  our  public,  possi- 
bilities of  ornamentation  which  trans- 
cend Uie  wild  dreams  of  Arabian  Nights 


568 


Editorial  NoUB^Fine  ArU. 


[Not. 


oend  the  wild  dreams  of  Arabian  Nights 
readers.  It  is  the  greatest  glorificatioii 
of  gew-gaw  tliat  we  have  seen  in  the 
New  World ;  and  the  marvel  of  it  is. 
tliat  it  causes  no  marvel.  So  aecnstomea 
have  onr  people  become  to  gorgeous 
shows  of  gilt  gingerbread,  that  this,  the 
greatest  of  all,  is  considered  no  great 
things ;  and  masical  critics,  who  are  not 
necessarily  critics  of  everything  else, 
pronoance  onr  magnificent  new  Opera 
House  a  mistake.  It  is  not  the  largest 
Opera  Hoase  in  the  world,  bnt  the  moet 
expensively  ornamented  ;  yet  it  does  not 
come  up  to  the  expectations  of  Young 
America,  who  requires  something  more 
elegant  and  brilliant.  Thas  we  compli- 
ment ourselves.  And  why  not  t  Steam- 
boats that  cost  half  a  million  of  dollars, 
lie  unnoticed  at  our  docks,  and  why 
should  wo  permit  ourselves  to  be  excited 
at  tlie  opening  of  a  new  opera-house, 
which  cost  but  three  hundred  and  seventy 
thousand,  and  which,  after  all,  is  but 
an  exaggerated  steamboat  saloon?  But 
we  must  allow,  however,  tliat  the  Aca- 
demy of  Music  has  an  imposing  ex- 
terior, and  that  inside,  its  richness  of  or- 
nament, and  vastness,  are  rather  bewil- 
dering and  astounding  until  the  eye  be- 
comes familiarized  with  its  absurd  cary- 
atides (which  we  heard  a  lady  of  fashion 
call  cantharidcs) ;  its  needless  brackets, 
wliicli  are  heavy  enough  to  crush  the 
pillars  that  they  form  continuations  of; 
its  fluted  pilasters,  with  capitals  longer 
than  their  shafts ;  its  ponderous  pillars, 
which  support  nothing ;  and  its  dome, 
which  has  no  supports ;  its  super-gaseous 
brilliancy  in  some  parts,  and  its  cavern- 
ous gloom  iu  others,  where  light  and 
brilliancy  nro  most  needed.  There  is  no 
colur  in  tlie  body  of  the  house,  and  the 
ornaments  lose  half  their  value  for  the 
want  of  a  proi)er  buckgronnd  to  relieve 
them.  Pure  white  and  gold  do  not  form 
a  tine  combination.  Nature  colors  all 
her  productions,  and  she  is  a  very  safe 
guide  to  follow  in  attempts  to  please  the 
eye.  In  the  new  Metropolitan  Theatre, 
built  on  the  site  of  the  Lafarge  Hotel, 
which  is  much  superior  to  the  new 
Opera  Uouse  in  form,  and  the  arrange- 
ment of  seats,  the  dominant  tint  is  buflf, 
relieved  with  gold,  the  efiect  of  which, 
by  gas-light,  is  transcendently  beautiful 
and  agreeable  to  the  eye. 

The  name  of  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Music  is  not  merely  a  mistake,  it  is 
a  deception,,for  it  is  not  in  any  sense  an 
Acadeniy,  unless  the  public  are  to  be 
regarded  as  pupils,  who  take  occasional 
ioatraotions  in  operatio  dnging,  at  the 


rather  expensive  rate  of  three  dollars  a 
lesson.  An  academy  of  music  sliould 
not  expend  all  its  means  in  external  de- 
corations; some  provision  ought  to  be 
made  for  the  education  of  neophytes  in 
such  a  costly  temple  of  art;  and  we 
cannot  but  think  that  if  a  small  portion 
of  the  three  hundred  and  seventy  thou- 
sand dollars,  which  the  bnilding  alone  is 
said  to  have  cost,  had  been  appropriated 
to  the  development  of  musical  talent 
among  us,  the  enterprise  would  have 
pud  better  in  the  end.  An  opera 
house  should  be  elegant  and  beautiful, 
and  the  eye  should  have  pleasant  objects 
to  engage  it  in  the  pauses  when  the  ear 
is  not  engaged  by  tlje  music.  But  a 
little  less  showy  ornaments,  and  now  and 
then  an  original  piece  of  music  Irom  a 
native  compo&er,  would  have  been  liivcly 
to  attract  larger  and  better  pleaded  audi- 
ences. However,  we  can  afibrd  to  make 
a  good  many  more  steps  in  our  progress 
towards  perfection,  and  we  will  be 
thankful  for  every  step  in  the  right  di- 
rection. We  have  got  a  cage  for  singing 
birds,  and  that  may  cause  us  to  be  on 
tlie  alert  to  catch  the  songsters  to  put 
into  it.  At  present  the  Opera  House  is 
about  a  mile  too  far  up  town,  but  this  is 
a  fault  soon  remedied  by  New  York  pro- 
gress. It  was  ^^  inaugurated,^'  as  the 
phrase  goes,  by  Grisi  and  Mario,  in  Nor- 
ma. It  is  t(^  be  hoped  that  judicious 
management  may  yet  make  tliis  costly 
enterprise  as  creditable  to  the  taste  and 
good  sense,  as  it  is  to  the  Hberality  of 
its  projectors. 

We  have  only  room  to  notice  the 
arrival  of  Leutze's  great  historical 
picture  of  Washington  at  the  lifittU  of 
Monmouth^  which  its  munificent  owner, 
David  Leavitt,  Esq.,  has  allowed  the 
public  the  privilege  of  seeing.      This 

Sicture  is  the  largest,  wo  believe,  that 
[r.  Leutze  has  yet  executed ;  and, 
judging  from  the  impression  of  a  single 
examination  of  it,  it  is  decidedly  his  best 
production.  It  is  full  of  a  hearty,  vigor- 
ous nature,  the  groupings  are  exceedingly 
natural,  and  all  the  details  are  given 
with  a  fidelity  and  naturalness  that  will 
satisfy  the  most  exacting  admirers  of  the 
literfli  in  art.  The  figure  of  Washington 
is  extremely  natural,  but  not  noble,  and 
his  countenance  has  not  the  dignity  of 
energy  and  passion,  but  of  anger.  Al- 
though it  is  lacking  in  the  higher  quali- 
ties of  imagination,  its  merits  are  so 
great  and  so  palpable  that  it  cannot  fail 
to  be  popular  with  the  masses,  and  to 
greatly  enhaiioe  the  reputation  of  tha 
artist. 


PUTNAM'S  MONTHLY. 

%  Pap^me  of  WiMmt,  S^mtt,  vtHi  %tl 

^3iir — 1^ 


VOL.  lY.-DEa  i854.-llp.  XXIV. 

i 


ITREA0OBI  IftMoret  lome  long,  flnftair 
Of  MMMlmwn,  but  so  inwirdlf  folden 


I  half  imA  to  AMr  il^e  raiMhiiM  llittv^ 
So  shy,  00  MB^MfWit^wavdltif  itn,— 

Was  onlyoaac^t  for  tba  mooMiit  md  holden 
WhUe  I  oorid  say  DearMf  af  Mit,  and  then 
In  pity  let  90  to  the  aommer  1     ' 


I  twisted  this  ma^  in  flQaa*Ar  la    _ 

Over  a  windbarp^  I>H|ildan  hoUowi 
Then  oalled  to  the  idb  braese  that  swui|i 
All  day  in  the  piDe-lDpa»  and  clings,  andnuEi 

lOd  the  mosioal  leaTei^  andaaTd;— ''  OhTfoUow 
The  will  of  these  tears  that  deepen  my  words 
And  fly  to  my  window  to  waken  these  chords!*' 

So  they  trembled  to  life,  and  donbtfolly 
Feelmg  their  way  to  my  sense,  sanff— ^^  Say  whether 

They  sit  all  day  'neath  the  greenwood  tree, 

The  lover  and  loved,  as  it  wont  to  be 
When  we  ^ bnt  grief  oonqaered,  and  all  together 

They  swelled  soch  weird  mormnr  as  hannts  a  shore 

Of  some  planet  dispeopled, — ^  Kerermore  !^ 

Then  from  deep  in  the  past,  as  seemed  to  me. 

The  strings  oathered  sorrow  and  sang  foruiken, — 
*'  One  lover  stul  waits  'neath  the  greenwood  tree. 
Bat  'tis  dark"— and  they  dioddered— ''  where  lieth  she. 

Dark  and  cold!  For  ever  mnat  one  be  taken T 
Bat  I  groaned,'''0.  harp  of  all  rath  bereft, 
This  scripture  is  sadder,— the  other  leftl** 

There  marmared,  as  if  one  alrot«  to  speak, 

And  tears  came  instead ;  then  the  sad  tones  wandered 
And  faltered  among  the  nneertain  chords 
In  a  troobled  doubt  between  ionow  and  words; 
At  last,  with  themsehres,  ihn  ooestioned  and  pondered, 

''Hereafter I who  knowethP  and  so  they  ^gbed 

*Down  the  long  ttepe  that  lead  to  dknee,  nd  dM: 

TOL.  IT— •? 


ftfO  poo. 

AUF    WIEDERSEHENl 


THE  little  sate  was  reached  at  last, 
Half  hid  in  lilaoB  down  the  lime ; 
She  pushed  it  wide  and  as  she  passed, 
A  wistfid  look  she  backward  oast, 
And  said, — ^^  av^  toiedenehen  /  *' 


With  hand  on  latob,  a  virion  white 
Lingered,  relactant,  and  again 

Half  donbting  if  she  aid  ari^t ; 

Soft  as  the  dews  that  feU  that  ntg^t. 
She  said,— ^  ohjT  wedM-iehen.^ 

m. 
The  lamp^s  dear  g^eam  flits  up  the  stair ; 

I  linger  in  delidoos  pain ; 
Ah,  in  that  chamber,  whose  rioh  air 
To  breathe  in  thought  I  soaroely  dare, 

Thinks  she,— ^^  aiif  ioiddenehm  !  '* 

Tf. 

'Us  thirteen  yearn ;  once  more  I  press 

The  tnrf  that  silences  the  Ume ; 
I  hear  the  mstle  of  her  drees, 
I  smell  the  lilacs,  and — ah,  ^es, 
I  hear  '^  a^f  mecUnehen/^^ 


Sweet  piece  of  bashftil  maiden  art  I 

The  English  words  had  seemed  too  fain, 

But  these — ^they  drew  ns  heart  to  heart, 

Tet  held  us  tenderly  apart, — 
She  said, '' ai^  wMenehm  /" 


PALINODE. 

AUTUMV. 


Still  thirteen  years :  'tis  autumn  now 

On  field  and  hill,  in  heart  and  brain ; 
The  naked  trees  at  evening  sough. 
The  leaf  to  the  forsaken  bough 
Sighs  not,— ^^  Wo  meet  agdn !" 

n. 
Two  watched  yon  oriole's  pendent  dome 

That  nowis  void,  and  dimk  with  rain, 
And  ott»— O,  hope  more  frail  than  ibami 
Tlio  bird  to  nSs  aeoerted  homo 

BiDgi  not|— *^  Wo  ooot  agaia  1*^ 


Ili4j 


Count  St^ifi^Jt^ 


$n 


UL 


The  lottfa  itte  iwings  wilh  ntitj  ore&k  ; 

Oticit,  pftTtiug  ih^re^  w^  pkyod  at  pftio  ; 
Tbere  cune  &  pirtiiig,  when  tne  wwi 
And  fading  Bi^eaiftyed  to  tpeak 

ViiiUjj— ^' We  meet  again  1" 


6o{Q6wh«re  ii  coitdbrt^  somewhere  laiih, 

ThoQgh  ihoQ  in  outer  d&rk  reioAin ; 
Doe  vwoet,  tiid  Toice  enDoblea  death. 
And  sliU,  for  eighteen  oentuHea  lilth 
BofUj,— "  Y<*  meet  agam  I" 


If  Milli  inoCher  gfftTe  most  b«yr, 

Yel  heaven  h&th  won  a  sweeter  ■train. 
Anil  something  whispem  to  dospoir, 
Thftt,  from  an  orient  ehamber  ihere^ 

Floftts  down,  **  We  meet  ag&io  I" 


COUNT     STlDIIfOJC, 


I 


FABT    IH-r  AND    CONCLCSION. 

OOHTlCKm 

Hi  W«4dtat  IM«»ft>oicitiBea«— Dntli  sf  0»ll»crlii*^Aepmloa  ef  f«Ql— et«dttitlr  e«ffoUAte«  tk«  jkfm«d 
Piitumr  «#  laoO-^lMliMr  «t  Cb«  ivvdWi  Ibabutr— Prlr«(«  Tnmtj  b«tvi»(Q  PmI  sM  dicdlQfk— rn^^ 
if  i— Ian  ftad  f^eadi  DaaqiMii  or  Ittdlib-^Xi^AtHcT  of  PusJ^JUeediitfi*  of  Si«diiifle  «ii4  Phul— lfitrd«r 
if  Finl  -Qflgf^  l&i  tapvar  JUaxudir  aa  pdntelr  ili^wii  tis  ai«41iigk-M.  TTitert— RAiiaitn  Inr»«iaa 
ii  flalM4«Ac4ittg^  lA  ttia  Initftia  la|«AeD^-^llili»fUiiM  of  €«l«faa  tT^_Lcn«  uf  riiiUM4--lii*dJnfkVi 
Biaiilrannn  ftit  Uaf  tfi««!  Mi  Bmri  lf«B  aMJtiti  Mii  HvpaaUtos  aad  0*«4tba«il-^QbaHM 
■  -Via6a  4i  VfattBiQBinaaHH^oi^HiaB  at 
rl>  iwwta— HH  Bacati  and  IWtplitoi    «#  l«Bi4a 


lii»^!f uMaoa  JliipfatotaA  In  a  RaaMan  PrtueaaM-llMTlacv  ClMiip-^Basllao  af  ItafRatfatta  Ii 

I  mrww  am  rrqjaator  of  tbli  Stani-AnMh  »flHfig% 

L  telarrtfV  vttil  lafiiMli    Ikitlpiai  a«  Pafta-^Hftraar  i|tr«Aicoi4  aoJ  4i1vw  |^«b 

I  aai  iamHr^-HttfXt  «r  Prlnca  Oicai^Yali  ar  O*  mftt^JfHia^ 


ADARIJNO  projeett  of  the  empreei 
wu  n»w  diadcMod  ta  onr  hero.  Bhe 
had  long  treasured  tlie  hope  that  her 
beatiUfiirKraf)d*dfiuf lilcir  ahonld  be  Qne«n 
of  Bwodan*  NfcgcittiiLioiiJi  proepered 
rBpi(U)%  A  •nbndid  boaplinlity  awaited 
a  ro>ml  tnirelfer^  and  the  prinroM,  gifted 
witJi  turpeninff  htmalj  and  a  charming 
witi  (Kympletely  captured  the  betrt  of 
h$r  jonthM  Tkitor.  The  rt|ent«  al- 
tfaoogh  A  Irlead  oeiihar  to  Cktbarfne 
Bur  IQ  EiimI*,  towod  jio  fktdt  with  hk 
mmmon^  nephew,  and  the  maitfige 
ixNitniot  wai arawu  ap^  *nT(M^  find  h^n 
dtAcoltj  about  oertain  ^* 

whieti  roowtd  the  mm^t  i  .  li 

liibo|>|  the   tutor    of   (ju4  ^u«|       t 


thoM  were  nppajrentljr  adjiuted,  iiid  the 
wijddlng  day  arrived.  K^entng  camei 
and  thtf  impenal  htlU  wore  ahUze  with 
light  and  pptendof.  The  great  empttMi 
mi  upon  her  throne^  fforroanded  bt  the 
most  gorgeoiii  court  in  Kurope,  finpa- 
tiently  iwaliiitg  the  brtdaJ  prucM!ia«iun. 
Where  waa  Qnatainiai  tlie  aiinple  b^y  of 
ekhteeo,  whom  the  wUjr  RiMian  had 
led  ti>  the  wrn^  of  the  ittare  I  An  In* 
nooent  Uride  trembled  at  Hi  Ibn^gbt  of 
a  faithleM  lorer^  whan  Gnataroa,  nut- 
ling  in  hi^  wedding  auit,  doiiuindji  to  mm 
the  marri&ii^  contract  It  had  been 
withheb)  fn>m  htm  under  fariooi  as* 
otiaei.  The  jroung  king  daiMBda  al  Ilia 
kit  hour  that  it  be  pi^noed^  and  bl  a 


572 


(hunt  Stedin^L 


[Dec. 


bold  treachery  wmea  to  light.  He  eeea 
himself  about  to  be  pledged  to  make 
war  apon  tlie  Frenoh^ — ^be,  the  first  ally 
oi  tbeir  repiblic ;  aod  wbat  amazed  him 
even  more,  ho  la  to  gire  hi*  royal  war- 
rant to  the  Greek  fiittli  of  a  Swedish 
queen.  Euraged  at  a  moa^ti-ovts  strata- 
gem, ho  tore  himself  frojii  love  and 
hope,  saorifidng  all  fur  country^  and  tlie 
humbled  empress  was  the  victiui  of  the 
plat.  A  fimeral  pageant  marped  the 
splendor  of  the  wedding  feaat  Rage^ 
mortified  pride,  UBSpeakable  dieappointr 
ment  reaped  the  wlurlwind,  and  the 
sorrowing  bridegroom  had  soarcely  re- 
gmlned  his  home^  before  the  heart  of  the 
mighty  empreaa  waa  atlQ  for  ever. 

Let  na  hasten  to  aeauit  Stedingk.  No 
hand  of  hi 9  had  meodled  in  tht^ae  sad 
unptials,  Bpecial  ambassadors  had  been 
tbeir  master*a  stewards;  and  we  road 
of  Eussian  gold,  of  cotirse^  among  the 
persuasive  art*  of  this  aa  of  other  pe- 
rioda.  Stedingk  had  a  far  more  difficult 
task.  He  wm  to  allay  iho  tronbled 
waters.  Success  woiiid  have  been  later, 
had  Catherine  lived ;  bat  happily  the 
new  Emperor  Paul  was  tractable.  He 
loved  Stedingk  ;  hia  **  preus  ehevulier," 
w  he  always  styled  him.  Reconciliation 
was  not  long  delayed,  and  the  young 
*lu3tavtis  waa  comforted  with  a  fair- 
haired  German  bride,  the  most  lovely 
queen,  we  are  told,  that  had  yet  adorned 
the  Swediah  throne. 

If.        *         m         1^  *         * 

A  prominent  event  in  the  career  of  Sted- 
ingk during  the  reign  of  Paul,  was  his 
negotiation  with  Rostopchin  of  a  famoos 
treaty  of  armed  neutmUty.  It  was 
iigned  at  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  16th 
DeoembeTH^  1800,  aud  although  destined 
to  be  blown  to  atoms  at  Copenhagen  by 
the  guns  of  Nelson,  it&  intiuence  in  the 
WDrid*s  affairs  will  ultimately  surpass 
the  naval  victory*  The  sublime  juittice 
which  onr  own  FTanklio  urged  upon  the 
nations,  and  which  this  fawons  treaty 
meant  to  engraft  upon  general  law  is 
adndtied,  at  laat,  by  Its  kto  arch 
enemy. 

The  alliance  of  Sweden  and  Ruasin, 
doser  at  this  period  than  ever  before 
or  iince,  may  be  illustrated  by  an  anec- 
dote of  the  Emperor  Paul^  which,  at 
the  same  time,  epeoks  volnmea  for 
8tediiigk.  A  report  reached  8t.  Peters* 
burg  of  rebellion  in  a  neighboring 
Swedish  province.  The  rumor  waa  first 
spread  upon  a  Tburaday,  the  regular  day 
of  a  weekly  dinaer-party  at  the  Swedish 
embassy.    Tlit  gue^t«  were  leated,  and 


"ttft«  trh  honnt  ^mp^^  ^^tnaii  quel  &£- 
edlent  cAviar^'^^  were  already  bn^ag 
about  the  table,  when  the  host  received 
a  pregsiugfinmmons  to  the  palace.  Ex- 
Guaing  himftelf  to  his  gneets  he  hurried 
a  way, and  found  the  emperor  impatiently 
waiting  in  his  cabinet,  ^*Wcll,  well, 
weU,'^  he  eiclaimed,  before  Stedingk  was 
fairly  in  the  room,  *-*  her©  ia  a  pretty 
buainass.  I  muat  not  lose  a  moment  to 
fly  to  the  iaaiat&tice  of  my  fiiend,  yom- 
good  king.  He  ahdl  have  fifty  tbonaand 
Bnsslanfl.  t  name  yon  their  commander, 
and  my  »on  Oonstantine  yonr  aide-de- 
camp. You  sh^  march  to-morrow. 
Sit  there  and  write  out  a  treaty;  jou 
and  I  will  sign  it/*  8tedingk  knew  hJa 
friend  wcIL  There  was  but  one  way  to 
manage  his  impetnodty — it  most  run 
itself  out.  Paal  dictated,  and  Stedin^ 
(impransus)  wrote.  The  emperor  and 
the  ambasfiadors  signed  the  treaty 
within  the  hour.  The  Grand  Duke 
Constautine  was  summoned,  and  readily 
accepted  service  under  the  Swedish 
general.  The  emperor  looked  happy, 
and  when  he  eettled  quietly  to  repose 
after  the  emtement,  Stedingk  ventured 
to  propose  that  the  troope  shonJd  wait 
for  confirmation  of  the  rumor.  Paul 
nn  willingly  consented,  Jind  presently 
came  news  that  the  whole  story  of  re- 
volt was  false.  The  troops  were  coun- 
termanded ;  and  on  the  following  Thnrs^ 
day  the  guests  at  the  Bwedish  embassy 
did  not  dine  without  their  hodt.  The 
treaty,  compleletl  aud  signed,  a  singnlar 
diplomatic  curiosity,  was  bronght  away 
by  Stedingk,  and  preserved^  a  legacy  U> 
hisi  family. 

Another  investing  document  found 
among  the  Stedingk  papers,  waa  a  de- 
tailed account  of  Napofeou's  ^^*^r^^  n,>  ii,^ 
partisanship  of  this  unhappy  ii* 

fantastic  imagination  ivas  .  ..^....iy 
won  away  from  Great  Britain  by  the 
First  consul  gravely  proposing  a  Rnsslaa 
and  French  conqnest  of  India^  A  plan 
for  the  eJtpedition  was  written  omt^  and 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  Paul  had  abso- 
lutely ordered  troops  for  the  ^rvioe, 
A  scueme  so  wild  and  sen?r*  ?5t 

well  shake  the  confidence  1  t 

the  emperor*s  person,  and  j  > 

deed,   after  a  long  eeriea  oi  ! 

tyraimy  combined,    his?  ^■^^  id 

come  to  be  regarded  as  ; 
Hk  son,  the  Grand  I)u...    .^.. 
suffered  himself  to  join  the  cot 
pereuadiiij-"  IiiiMt^clf  of  Tintriotii 
DistoHAo  •  f^' 

of  parrl<^-  •      ^  ■  ■:  ■  ^^   :--<J 


I 

I 
I 

I 


HH 


fiunt  SUdin§k. 


mz 


TMrddd  by  the  impeHAl  n  Oio 

U^t  rAtW  of  an  old  fkn  :  tliin 

on  t£e  momiiig  iifl«r  Uie  mnrd«r  or 
P&nl,  Wf  titid  hfs  enoooasor  haateolog  to 
tli«d  3w«4]isl]  ombftiflf^  tlifowiog  hltnielf 
HI ton  ^tatUngk^a  necK^  nod  sobbing  dotid 
^>'  I  am  the  most  wr^tdx^d  of  tu&n- 
liiBar*  *'  VoQ  miiflt  bo,  Indeed  r  was 
the  aoaw^  of  the  lioixest  old  soldier. 

**Tlie  Emperor  Fiwy' sAp  Monaieur 

^  wftn,  hf>wev«r,  oxtr^mo  m  all  lib 

_  .  Aiid  like  All  ftucb  saea,  was  ca- 

f  of  ;?Tiftfl  an»!  bad  deedfv  aooonlifig 

fV  c  inotDenL     Ifstieu 

[ii  j»y   'm    private  Iifi&, 

tirluii  '        .  and 

r|jiM  \er  Is 

long!' 

tremble*  TLe  <iaiperor''s  greatest  favor- 
llM  of  lo-d»y  thought  of  Slbt^ria  &ud 
exile  to-morrow/* 

Pviiifrtitljilic  and  c^svillrWH  Paul  fdt 
:  imaoflhe 

1  od  hstrt4 

%u,.:v[  r.  .k.r:.  M-^.  i,iL,.'rjne  endea- 
f<.iri-«l  rt-  H'U.M.^  Euri.»|n  ii^=.;i]U2it  Fraooa, 
but  Uttv^r  iH^uipp^d  a  Kuf«iiLQ  t*oidier  in 
tl^»  ijutrreL  Paid  hent  STiwarrow  and 
n  *       ■     '    "  '  men  Into  Itidj*   He 

i  ,   ift    into     FriiTite; 

i-       - .  !  i-    I   :    .  ■,  .    -v-,  ul:;;-?.  ?uiil  Hn^- 

tti:*ri  h..  i'ii„  -  r  h-;-i.  j!.3  I'  ,i.  1  ►  '.'.-■  -  ■  •!  .Lhi  I' 
rr  .  iilu' iPKi  a  •  .•t-,-1.  If:*-  ^v.Jl'i  ■  i ;  t; ...'' ''1, 
m.il  [?!,■  ■.u•.^:IJ,■^■^M  L  M;-,;...l.  \  •  ■'  'i-ir- 
v'  '  '  ■        ■■';,biiL;ui.  CuaapiiiiU:  cuiL-rk;d  Lht: 

I  .  rdlH :  LiM  btilth  waa  tlia  pub- 

K  ,,  and  war  wm  d^olared  a^iuAt 
Otcflt  liritolo.  This  timo  tii«  Eun^iaii 
Eubltti  were  atuia«ed.  Tbe  lo«  of 
l^bionA^  gkivMi  and  tlio  perfectlotif  of 
dviliscotioc^  tli«j  Hid  bomo  witb  pa- 
ticiioc ;  bul  bow  ibouM  tbcj  iaru  Lbi^tr 
boutp  aad  uUow  Into  inoiiej  if  at  war 
witli  Eogtonil  \  DomoHtb  cnioltiet  fol- 
kkWed^-a  crowd  of  unfurtutiiitM  wer« 
!  '      I  BiberuL,  aod   Pud,  touched 

r  lAtmmtAtioELK,   <:'zdl^    cb«m 
MsLft^  bijL  forgot  to  rafttor«  iheir  ooiift»- 
oatad  Immca.    Worv*  lAmantatlatii  fiUad 
f i.«  .  *,r.  of  ti©  emperor,  aod  to  a  raga  be 
back  igak  to  SaMrta.    No 


maaV  life  was  Bofe.  Minis taiB,  the  cm- 
preo,  the  imperial  ohiidren  wera  threat- 
ened alike.  Four  eaipre^^ei^  iltice  the 
grtiat  Peior,  he  remember^lT  had  uken 
their  husbaod^s  crowna^  and  poor  Funi, 
fofUfjijig  himself  witli  oalique  deoreea, 
ettll  locSed  bia  wife'i  door  at  night* 
ni»  palaoe  waa  a  citadel^  and  his  luui^h- 
lincsai  of  which  Btodingk  witik-f^^od  o 
curious  instance,  ov©r*tepi*e«]  ^W  b*niudii. 

The  eiJi[A*ror  wo*  seen  oac  ilay  u^ 
whififKir  myistericpuftlj  to  bt*  ^rtntnl  clitkiu- 
berkhi,  M.  Do  NodahkiUf  who  \viL4  ei» 
well  known  to  ^tajid  ill  in  the  hope  rial 
eracea,  that  the  clrcumstiiDcc  created  tio 
little  surprise,  jwid  tio  liiUd  curlosiiy. 
The  diploiiuitie  corps  »tood  ou  tiptoti, 
until  H.  de  Hori&hkin  put  thorn  at  m,^u, 
^^  Ue  told  ine  I  was  durack*'  (IVk)!),  ^d 
he,  **atid  not  another  Moril  beside.'' 
Neit  day,  the  emperor^  in  conver*;iLion 
with  *-'  '"  '  began  to  abtise  hin 
"  d  urfli  V rloia,  and  o iir  &  w i.  d^ 

true  to  iJin  iLi^Liuctii^  gollADtly  d^leud^^d 
an  al^ent  friend,  Unliicklly,  iiowevcr* 
be  styled  bim  a  "  grand  seigneur/*  At 
thia  iinprndent  word  the  tiujMsror 
changed  coontenauee,  anil  laiiiiug  hm 
voioe,  ^^Mr.  Aiiiba68a(h>r/*  said  be, 
*^  know  that  in  RnDsIa  there  U  no  grand 
eelgnenr  except  him  to  whom  I  »fHr;kk, 
and  he  ia  only  i$uoh  while  I  ft|i«ak/'* 

The  nubttppy  Paul  w&d  to  be  niuf- 
dc»r^«!.    Mfthy  a  Ru*''iftn  knew  it;  and 

f;?.  ""  ^  ■  ■     :; :        '    i.tit,  a 

p.  r  of  th<f 

ii\i\\  i  '11 1  til  riUiK^Mj  wiiu^  vviui  ijuiuum- 
intU45  >»klll,  carried  out  bi«>  pQr(»o«e  wltiw 
n T :  f  (! *-l ay .  The  jounir  r -'  *^  ^  ■  ^ ! cxon dcr 
1  ■!  ^  i>it*d  to  de^KJse  I  ,  but  hu 

L^i^^u^^  from  th«  con^^^..,^.  ■  ibe  inont 
Milemn  oath  to  spare  bla  fiUiierV  life. 
The  aeoond  ohiof  of  the  oonapimcy  was 
the  celebrated  Bentdogiaii,  a  Gurmati 
offloer^  aad  oominandcr^n-chicf  nf  the 
Buaftian  army.    Poor  ^'  i  od 

hi»  dfjom.    **  Were  yi  M  .  urg 

when  my  fatberr  wui  aijiaiiiunUHl  T'  Miid 
be  to  the  ohief  of  the  poHoa.  ''  I  wa», 
ab«."  **  What  wt  ra  yon  then  V  "•  A 
Bobalt^nt  cjivalr)'  oflSoer,  *orving  with 
my  r^ment,  your  miyfi»ty/'  **  Very 
well^"  oontlnued  Paul,  eveiu^  i>l*  minis- 
ter ampioiouidy,  *^  there  u  a  plan,  to-day, 
to  play  that  tragedy  orer  agmn/*  *"  I 
know  %  aire :  I  am  In  the  plot,** 
''  How  1  you  ore  in  tl*e  plot !''    *•  I  am,** 


flTvB  I 


•'r^ 


I  ici  Ui*«siiiiilri  ul  Ckinl  I^r,  on  ftiUroM«il  t«G«iUil 

D4-h«&a  lu  M«v,  vki  hMd  loaf  ;  jmIa.  Attil  u^m*  l«t  !■ 

NP  Uma  mm  nntMlwr.  It  H  toon  ifi«]r  mv  ;*i«sr  alulMa  ia«  Ar«ttili 
liiflfiaaafTiiVM  Mlalid  If  Hvai^  «e  iii  »rtlyt  *e<  ipi  ler* 


574 


Count  Siedif^l\ 


[Dec 


was  the  aoiwer  **  but  otily  to  fathom  It — 
to  be  better  ftbU  to  ciu<e  for  your  ma- 
Jeaty."  Paul  waa  reaaaared  by  the  caJin- 
neya  of  tlie  arob-eoa^pirator,  for  anch  he 
wati»  the  deepcist  of  uie  bamJ. 

On  the  2Sdof  March,  1801,  there  was 
a  dlimer  party  at  the  residence  of  this 
chiei  of  police.  Pahlea  and  Benmnpen 
alone,  of  sixty  guests,  drank  nothing  at  a 
feast  where  conscience  was  to  bo  drowned 
in  wine.  MidDight  came^  and  tlie  con- 
spirators stole  to  the  palace.  0ates  and 
doors  were  unbarred  to  the  high  digni- 
tarlea  of  the  empire.  Two  faithful  ser* 
TantB  watched  and  defended  their  master^e 
bed-room.  One  was  silenced  with  a 
dagger,  but  the  other  sprang  to  gi^^e  the 
alarm/  The  emperor,  startled  at  the 
noise,  leaped  ont  of  bed.  The  door  to 
the  cmpre^  he  had  hiniself  barricaded. 
Escape  was  hopelesa^  and  he  crouched 
trembling  in  the  folds  of  a  screen. — Ben- 
Bingsen  stnmbled  upon  his  hiding-place, 
and  a  word  in  band  nregentcd  the  act  of 
abdication.  '*0n  this  condition,'^  say  a 
he,  **  I  answer  for  your  life/* — Paul  re^ 
ibaed,  implored,  fltroggle^l ;  and  the  lamp 
which  shone  upon  thiii  frightfal  ficeno 
waa  overturned  by  the  half-drunken  c^n- 
Boirators,  Bennings^en  went  to  the  ante- 
chamber for  another^  and  returned  to 
find  the  emperor  yield!  Dg  bis  last  breath. 
The  scarf  of  an  imperial  guardsman  had 
done  the  work  of  the  bowatring. 

Fahlen  had  remained  without.  He 
went  to  the  prince,  whose  grief,  the  se- 
cret torment  of  hb  subsequent  life,  bars  t 
in  bitter  reproaches.  He  was  conducted 
to  the  troops.  Shouts  of  proclamation 
rent  the  citjHj'-but  with  the  first  pause 
of  repoee,  the  wretched  Alexander 
Hobbedt  OS  we  have  seen,  upon  the  neck 
of  Btediugk. 

Here  let  us  pause  with  the  historian 
Thiarai  to  look  at  InBtitutions,  At  ano- 
ther end  of  Europe,  adds  the  philoeopbi- 
oal  narrator  of  this  terrible  event,— upon 
a  great  and  ancient  throne,  there  also  sat 
a  mad  prince;— a  king  whose  reason  for 
whole  months  would  be  in  eclipse, — often 
in  moments  criticail  for  empire.  Did 
the  thought  of  murder  cross  an  English 
mind  I  Yet^  let  it  be  repeated,  men  are 
fleir  less  to  blame  than  instttutions.     If  in 


Bussia,  ^fty  yeans  ago,  an  emperor  must 
be  throttled  to  mi  poUcy  aright,  In  Eng- 
knd  a  ]K)IJey  of  peace  conld  sncooed  a 
policy  of  war  by  the  qni©t  going  out  of 
Pitt,  and  the  quiet  ooming  in  of  Ad- 
din  gton. 

♦  *^       •        ♦        »        ♦        ♦ 

♦  ♦        *        ♦        *        ^       * 

Stedingk  was  now  in  his  stxty^seoond 
year.  A  vigorous  eons titu lion,  and 
cheerfnl  temper,  gave  klut  and  grace  to 
the  experience  of  so  many  yeara  passed 
among  the  most  promiDent  of  the  eTenta 
of  the  age;  and  hia  natural  wisidom  and 
talents  had  richly  profited  by  great  op- 
portnnitiea.  Of  all  bis  countrymen  at 
this  period  he  was  probably  the  most 
capable  of  eondnctlng  the  war;  but 
Gnj&tavus  the  Fourth  does  not  seem  to 
have  had  a  proper  estimate  of  his  mili- 
tary talents.  Six  ye^rs  later,  in  the 
great  campaign  of  1814,  he  was  soleeted 
by  one  of  the  best  of  modern  captains 
to  command  the  Swedish  army ;  and  in- 
deed there  is  no  room  for  doubt  that  if 
Bernadotte  had  been  king  in  1308,  and 
Stedingk  his  field  marshal,  Sweden  wonM 
not  have  been  tleapoiled  of  its  oldest  and 
most  cherished  province.  Finland  was 
conquered  aot  by  Rnaaian  foroe,  which 
did  not  at  first  exceed  20^000  men*  nor 
by  Kussian  skjU^  for  in  the  field  the 
Swedes  were  victorious;  bnt  waa  lost 
through  the  unpardonable  mismanage- 
ment and  treachery  of  those  whom  GoS' 
tavus  intrusted  with  its  defence. 

In  the  meantime  Stedingk  entered  upon 
his  admiDistrative  dntiea  as  one  of  the 
Regents  of  Sweden,  The  fcang,  who 
chose  to  aSect  the  character  of  Ohadn 
XII,,  had  gone  to  Aland,  intending  to 


direct  the  operations  of  his  army  in  ^' 
son.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  &wai 
confronted  the  enemy ;  but,  on  the  con- 


trary, remnlned  passtvety  in  an  IsilaDd 
fortress,  surrounded  by  troops  and  gtm- 
boats,  watchful  of  his  personal  safety  and 
fast  undermining  aU  foundatlona  of  the 
loyally  of  his  people.  No  king  ever 
hastened  more  blindly  to  his  own  de- 
struction and  the  ruin  of  Mb  oonntry. 
It  is  customary  in  Sweden  to  ftttdbnte 
his  mii^or tunes  to  insamty^and  tlieneve^ 
rity  of  his  judges  ahonld  be  moderate 


*  I  h&Te  tiHKP  told  tbat  iheirt  was  formeft;  cnrteat  in  StocIchaUa  «  f^^  ^^  ^  trick  tttcce^iTi 
tae  RuiBliLfl  miiiiilrjt  bj  wbUch  StQ\ilaf^k  wu  ^e>oeiTe4  Into  &  btllet  that  the  fWe«  seal  agitiii 
Qverwbetmixig.  The  tamsloa  wab  frithout.  luuioanceiQentf  &llb<mgfa  Slfi'dtoglr  and  «verxWl.y 
ivat  la  he  made.  Th^  troe^  on  their  whf  to  fliiUAd  mireh^d  past  the  Svedlah  Legnthi: 
to  Buke  Ibair  nombert  formliJfrMc  In  ilMln^k**  dUpatohei,  eAch  reflimeiit  having  oucl^  i 
detouf ^  altered  lome  trifltiig  r>  -^  - " "'     -  -' '  '^^TnoLt,  nnd  mfcrcbed  a  MicoAd  tioair  Qtider  lili  w  i '  <t- 

«ytrhc  the  trulh  of  th«  Bt  ■  I  In   itedtnik^  dfiipatehM  Ihkt  thu  n»*»  «ft  it 

tliflB  ■t%n|'  iitat  U?«  force  .u  ^"^1^^  ^*  ^  i^^^  ^^^  fttixietf  fdr  the  rnsciU.  :  h 

februKrjt  IdOB,  he  WToti^  thr  v-  Jl1LiLi><.:l^^>u^  vTui.ttral  la  FtitlkDd  Uut  the  Inrtkdlnti  »rmf  waaltX  Ul<■^  bLOi>>4J.t  at 
Se.OUe  mKU.    Oa  the  tUih  Uiej  dFai*n  tae  Df^auof ,  mud  Stedloile  InuoedUteij  deitL»tid«d  hJ«  pftMporiA 


I 


tm 


UH.] 


CmnI  Sleiin^k 


its 


thftifiore.    This  InaAoitj,  iDo>ieov«r,  was 

ftpjMireut  lM?fore  as  well  as  after  ^le  losw 

of  Finland,  aJid  the  retD^  wii  m  much 

in  the  tuuidfl  of  tbo  DJei  Wore  as  After. 

Hie  dettiroiieitteiit  w«a  postponed  three 

jetft  *oo  lo0tt,  and  the  fonlt  aurelv  ky 

Dot  with  the  Mn^-     Wlieo  Btedingk  ar- 

>  Hired    ia   Btockhotim   Sweden   teemed 

^totbiriog  to  deetiuiotlaii.      Surrounded 

^  viAli  «Desnt«0^  ahe  made  fiioe  on  ererj 

|dd««  North,  EmL  and  South.— 17,000 

^Knttians   occupied   bwer  Finland^  op- 

>.|Niaed  by  an  eqtial  numb^  of  Swedes 

I  mad  FInitg  on  th«lr  own  gTOimd,  and 

f  imdoQi  to  defend  the  u/cm  cause.    A 

vtrong  Swediah  reeenre  waa  at  hand  alfio 

I  io  tht  yanda  of  Aland,  while  tlie  Rua- 

iiiafiiai  dispiiiied  and  without  ffnpplie£»^ 

I  iMtltated  to  ad^atioe.    At  thii  iDaixient, 

^agaiiuit  all  reaion  and  $em^  aooording 

,  At  kaat  to  the  apinion  of  hie  aid^-de-eamp. 

CoTiDt  BiCirDsttenia^  the  Swedish  General 

KUngsparre  ardored  a  relr«at,  nhaodon- 

Ing  Imlf  t}ni  proTjuoe  to  an  etn?my  who 

needed  but  a  isingle  blow  to  ooiupltiUi  htjt 

rniit.    Til©  great  Glbrftltar-like  Ibrtr^aiea 

uf  8wBrtholm  jwid  Swcaborg  wen  anr- 

mdered  hf  tbur  ooaitDaiider»;  the  ftfit, 

I  Ofiit  treaaon,  and  tli»  laHir  f^M  for 

Appaaranoefl,  bot  noqoeatloiiablj  in  iral 

treachery,      TIkm  ara  aore   points  in 

Sw«diah  biitury.* 

It  waa  ai  thb  hop^eai  period  that 

8<«dlngk  toteredt  in  noma  degree,  upon 

the  aoena  of  a<?tion,    He  was  «nminoiied 

by  tba  ldag|  not  Ig  outnmand  tlio  armr 

r  vatettmalely,  which  waa  at$U  left  with 

I  BioppPffa,  bnl  to  g$?e  bis  ooGjuela  and 

^iEXp8rt«noa  at    the  nijral  beadtmart«rf^. 

^  Tm  obetanacy  and  intirmiHea  of  (Juita- 

Yna,  liowoTeTi  ii}creas«d    daf  by  day. 

Ha  had  the  nnpanJlel4>d  folly  ti»  rcjcot 

la  oflfer  of  11,000  Englieih  troopt,  bt^csante 

thdr  So^jali  fenerai  did  ml  tnit  hti 

&n«l«k     with  more  Uywn  !*"►'" r-n 

tinder  aitui^  ho  manaised  m^  13 

JOjOOO  tooe^r.  They  wer*;  v^^--..-  iy 
edianited  in  loroid  marehea  §atom  the 
liangib  and  breath  tjf  the  kingdom,  ttmn 
Norway  to  EoMla,  and  tighin  from  Hrm- 
ila  to  the  atrait  of  £] » E  n  i>r c\  A 1 1  »y  st  em 
waa  iwit  at  naught.  En^lUh  »itdiHiitl<\ii 
AOft  Swedub  *tapplka,  lavUhly  fttibrdod 
by  bit  aOiea  and  by  hii  pAtient  {leople, 
wan  ailttaiidervd  aenaaleAiiy  and  Q»prrat^ 
fbHy ;  and  in  the  3     *       '    "*  id 

that  oa  abfsolutdy  d 


to    ihv 


jvu-hiJtin     i^siriric!!*- 


8t#dingk  often  hazarded  remonstranco. 
His  oomu9«!s  were  given  with  the  ^ank- 
nets  and  ft>arlt«aaDoea  of  hie  character, 
but  always  fruitlessly.  Tho  king  an- 
awered  hotly  Umt  ha  mude  bit  own 
deoision» — nothing  tliotild  change  them, 
and  that  never  in  thi«  world  would  ho  bo 
at  peace  with  that  "  An ti- Christ  Bona- 
parte."— **  Then,**  sold  Btedingk,  toting 
all  patience,  **  If  it  must  be  war^  learn  at 
leaat  how  to  make  war.^  The  rebako 
waa  not  forgotten. 

In  the  meantime  the  patlenoe  of  tho 
ootmtry  was*  e:i;liniisted.    Among  reapon* 
aible  men  there  was  but  out  opinion  in 
all  Sweden ;  that  nothing  was  left  but  to 
dopoie  and   banish  tho  king.     A   plot 
ripened  fast,  and  its  chiefs  are  lield  up  to 
history  aa  the  liberators  of  their  country. 
"  Sire,"  said  Baron  Adlercreutz,  entering 
the  royal  apartment  at  the  bead  of  the 
reeolote  band,    "In  the  name  of  tlia 
nation  I  d^nand  yonr  sword."      Gusta- 
vns  drew  it  undauoU^]^  and  wo  old  hafa 
struck  down  the  audaolou*  ^ipc^aJcer.  8«r- 
vanta  and  giiard  npning  to  tho  side  of  tbt  1 
king,  who  ttrug^ed  and  fouglH  liko  a  { 
madinan ;  bnt  ovifpow^red,  at  last,  ha 
waa  borne  away  a  priaooer,  foami  ng  with 
mgt^^  to  the  c4iatlo  of  Gripaholm.     Not  a  1 
dritji  *>f  bloo<i  was  shed.     The  people  of 
:^ti>ekbalm  heard  tho  news  with  pcrfei^t  \ 
aatla&otlon,  and  in  theeirenlng  throD^'cd 
to  tbatbaatraaaaif  the  day  bad  !»>  en  ilia 
feaat  dav  of  the  nation.    In  1' 
wiiara  tho  ftnt  Taaa  declalmi  1  i 

tyraimyf  a  aentiment  of  loyalty  fur  hb  | 
deoondant  noaa  to  the  sarfaoe]  but  rca<  | 
5on  and  rlffbt  wara  aoon  Tnanifecit  to  th*  i 
nobli»  litmmmk^  aod  the  revfjlutiom  | 
waa  nnanlmoui,  Tho  cousipimton*  haa** 
taned  to  Uicj  undo  of  Ututovus,  tho  | 
pmdeiit  and  ikttAil  lii^g^t  who  had  1 
goiremed  Bwaden  during  the  Ute  mino* 
Hty,  Ho  wan  made  protector,  and  findlj  1 
elected  by  the  I>iet  King  Obarlaa  XIII, 
Btedlngk  waa  loyal  aa  a  Daleciarlian.  Ha  | 
had  beard  early  mmon»  of  the  r^rol^  < 
and  baAtenod  to  put  Gtuta^na  on  hiaj 
puM.  **^  Traitor,  criwi  the  unhafipy| 
Ring,  drawing  hia  nword  upon  bii  fatUt*  | 
f^l  whito^haired  old  sixrvant,  and  threi;&*  ] 
ening  lo  plutige  it  in  hit  hrccat,- 
"  Traitor  r 

t^tadingk  olUn  relafad  to  hia  fiyEnfff^j 
circle  the  e^c^ct  of  tld*  nngratefhl  wordL  1 
*'Hhoqld  I,"  (kdd  be,  *Mike  tho  J>yir«  of  j 
old,  pteroed  by  tbe  aword  of  £rio,-«j 
iboiild  I  have  dmwaUteiii  my  braa^i 


i«rii^aai 


btffaollartf  aii4  Uiii  i«ii««te  ia4 i««a mU Itf 


ja 


He 


Cmni  Skdin^k. 


[Tktc. 


kissed  it  raYerentlj,  and  repkcdd  it  in 

tbe  li  finds  of  mj  grticiotis  soverdign  t  Ho, 
I  could  be  iLO  euob  dajsUurd."  U.u  hand 
indigimntly  eonght  the  hik  of  hh  own 
"n^^apoiif  and  the  moyemeut  ioMced  lo 
hurtr  that  of  iho  Jdjag  back  to  iu 
scabbard, 

6ii»tAVQs  aod  Ills  innocent  boh  were 
banbh^  by  acclamation.  Tbo  son,  a, 
child  of  olevcn  years,  wb&  innocent,  in- 
deed; bat  the  crown  of  Sweden  has  ever 
beendeotiye;  and  the  hous^  of  Gtistavus^ 
&  distant  branch  of  the  lineal  Yasas,  bad 
itaelf  been  elected  witldn  My  years,  to 
the  exdiision  of  a  race  with  better 
founded  elaims  to  l<^timao)\  Stedingk, 
and  all  others  whose  instinetB  might  have 
elnng  to  the  fincee^ion,  believed  that 
they  saw  in  the  boy  early  tra<^s  of  his 
fatfier's  infinuitiee,  and  shuddered  at  the 
prospect.  Resnlta  have  abundantly 
proved  the  wmdom  of  a  total  revolution. 
The  Diet  pronounced  it  uaaniroouslj,  and, 
^^^ing  to  the  ex  lias  a  generous  annuity 
'  ajMtt^OO),  dismissed  them  across  the 
SStic.  GiiBtaYns  contemptuooaly  de^ 
clined  the  pension,  and  ditxl  in  183T  & 
proud  exile, — poor  and  lonely  among  the 
monn tains  of  Switzerland.  Uh  aon,  an 
Austrian  soldier^  h  the  present  pnuee  of 
Yasa, 

Charles  XIIL,  Dulce  of  Sudennania, 
was  elected  to  the  crown  of  bis  tmfor- 
ttmate  nephew  in  1809^  when  the  present 
complicated  and  laborious  Constitution 
came  Into  existence.  The  new  king  had 
paased  along  life  profiting  by  the  ejipe- 
rienoe  of  brother^s  and  nephew ^s  errors 
and  miefortimes.  He  was  now  sixtjr-one 
years  of  age.  His  countrymen  huve 
thought  bim  a  weak  prince,— diadn- 
guiahed,  however,  for  pmdeiit  and 
oantiona  policy.  As  Regent  he  had  been 
the  first  to  recognize  the  French  Bepiib- 
lic,  and  the  kings  of  Europe  o^ed  hitn 
Jfloobin.  He  has  been  recklessly  accused 
of  connivance  in  the  mtirder  of  Ms  bro- 
ther j  Gustavua  IH,,  and  in  the  deposition 
of  bis  nephew,  llie  late  idng;  but  neither 
of  these  charges,  it  seems  to  nie^  is  sus- 
tained, and  in  royal  misfortunes  there  b 
usually  a  speculative  mystery  which 
s^mrcs  no  convenient  surrtvor.  He  bad. 
lived  for  several  yeat^  in  retirement  at 
his  country  palace  of  Bosersberg,  entirely 
disapproving  j)he  policy  of  hie  nephew ; 
and  bis  first  messnies  on  tsonnng  to  the 
head  of  afTairSi  were  to  hasten  peace  with 
Europe,  To  this  end,  Stedingk,  respected 
and  beloved  by  four  succeisive  sovereigns, 
nnder  whose  reign  bis  manhood  passed, 
was  immediately  re^ueated  to  accept  the 


direction  of  foreign  aSaire*  It  was  de- 
dined.  Our  hero  found  il  r^^piixrnaut  to 
bis  loyalty  to  risk  even  t  '  n>e  of 

sharing  a   revolation   v,  a  ever 

necessary  he  may  have  jiidgea  U,  had 
not  yet  been  able  to  reooncile  his  bean. 
Much  urged  at  length  to  retnm  to  ^rviee, 
&ad  seeing  its  necessity^  be  undertook  to 
make  jieace  with  Hnssia,  whose  armies 
w^e  marehing,  with  the  consent  of 
Kapoleon,  to  make  the  oonqnest  of 
Sweden,  It  wiia  iLe  uaddest  task  of 
Stediugk*B  life.  Finland,  lost  by  the 
fortune  of  war,  ootild  not  be  reconquered 
by  diplomacy.  Peace,  however,  waa  th© 
extreme  need  of  his  oonntry;  no  on% 
probably,  ooiUd  patch  np  a  better  one 
ttian  8tedingk,  and  hoping  only  to  OKve 
the  islands  of  Aland,  he  set  out  witb  & 
heavy  heart  to  meet  a  Russian  negotiator 
at  Frederickshamn,  Bent  upon  the  single 
object  of  recoveriBg  the  islands,  he  had 
demanded  and  obtained  the  promise  of 
king,  cabinet,  and  the  Diet  itself,  that 
they  should  never  be  yielded.  Foreign 
infiaence,  however,  stood  uppermost  at 
home;  and  Aland,  whose  Rnssian  guns 
to-day  almost  echo  along  the  Swedish 
fiords,  was  bitterly  signed  away  with 
that  precions  and  long  happy  FttilAnd 
where^  ^ight  hundred  years  before,  the 
Swedish  priests  taught  Christ tanity  to 
pagans.  There  was  no  choice  for 
Hweden  but  this  deaF-bonght  peace  of 
1809.  It*  consequences,  lucidly,  were 
(jcaee  also  with  Denmark,  and  at  length 
with  Kapoleon,  who,  in  return  for  entire 
aeqniescenoe  iu  bis  -  ^  continental  system ,^^ 
gave  back  Poroerania  and  Bugen. 
Btedingk  returned  to  the  embassy  at 
St,  Petersburg,  from  which  he  had  been 
absent  a  little  more  than  a  twelve- month, 
and  was  received  by  the  emperor  with 
all  the  distinction  and  affection  of  past 
years.  Decorations,  dignities,  rewards 
of  every  description,  comforted  bis  in* 
creasing  age.  His  own  king  promoted 
him  a  grade  in  the  rank  of  uobility.  He 
became  "  Count  von  Stedingk,"  as  well 
as  ^''His  Excellency  a  Seigneur  of  the 
Kingdom  ;^^  and  covered  with  Grmnd 
Orosses  of  Northern  Europe,  be  wim 
pr^aaently  abo  named  field-marshal  of 
the  Swedish  army.  From  his  letters  &t 
this  iMjriod  may  be  selected  the  following 
extracts,  rendered  espedally  iotereitiog 
by  aabsequent  eyents* 

**•  The  pence  whieb  your  mi^esty  has 
made  wita  Franca  created  much  sensft* 
tion  here.     The  emperor  retniuted  to 


I 


t^  ftsiioh  AiiitMsaadoi-  tlmt  N«pa]eoti 
Ikid  granted  m  good  t^nm:  tnd  the 
f«|Y(j,  I  DitdefvtAud^  wu  thit  dw«4e<a 
^wti  mtbcr  to  fh»ii  Fruioe,  0>^t 
BumiDxaff  bu  oongrattilfttod  me,  wnd 
InMtt^  tlka(  It  ii  ftO  i  ixi&«if|aaooe  otiha 
of  FredoriokshatDn ;  and  Bsmmm 

,  thKf^f&ris,  to  be  In  jiart  hk  owd  cre- 

ibla  himdiwork.     I  cannot  w«11  coot- 

«  hcfW  w^  otui  bug  0xist  h  neighbor 

f  thk  ool<N«ui^  tmleaB  tdiher  his  itrtsngtli 
bt  dimini«hed  or  onmineroftsed.  Norw&y 
would  be  a  gr««t  !  ua^  md  wLtb- 

(Htt  tt  ws  tthaU  bv  le  hilf  m  oesi* 

tory.  Th(»  RuneniLus  wiU  nerer  teslt 
mm  %h<*y  rmnk  tba  Qernua  Ooeui: 
but  if  Kft|>rjloon  IWmt  which  b«  teeTDA 
iuclitiod  to  do,  Uicre  will  pfobtbly  tnm 
ut>  Hoini?  mbc4»tiul  m  Uio  Kaa«aii  odcu- 

**The  great  newt  of  the  bt<*ixdiHl 
marrtage  of  Kapoleon  arrived  hero  on 
Tbnrwiay.  The  Frrncti  ambaaBadar^ 
Oaoliinm*urt,  is  mndi  ca^t  down  abcmt 
it ;  Imviag  liad  it  greaiJy  at  h^^art  thai 
hb  eoyereifn  slioukl  dioom  a  Roasian 
pHnCQia  (the  Grand  Dtichefw  AoDe).  It 
wanld  har«9  h^titi  a  greul  windfall  for  him; 
wJMffw  the  present  marriage  w0  in- 
oreaM  iMltberW  crodit  nor  hia  InJloanee. 
fh#  Eiwiaiit  ire  no  tew  itapefied  bf  it* 
Tb«fer  vaiiit^  looked  oomplaoeiitlf  npoa 
the  nro«pect  of  a  Biunian  f>rinoe«  on 
the  tlirone  of  France,  and  thov  beliaved 
h  o»rlaliL.  When  I  nay  the  Etuman^  I 
IMttli  only  the  party  ttppermost  in  the 
annpttor'i  ootincil.  Tbe  bulk  of  the 
nmoa^  In  fact,  detested  tlio  idea,  and 
th^  eajT  the  em^fsm^mothcr  would  nol 
tolmt#  Si;  bat  canity  and  aelMnt^fOKit 
would  ha^e  auried  the  daj  if  the  demand 
had  baao  praaed.  The  gimnd  dtiohoo 
wf D  have  to  oootent  henelf  now  with 
horoM  lover ^  Ihe  PHnoe  of  Oobnrg ;  wbo 
waa  hare  hut  wintar  and  tDade  lilnuelf 
vary  wveablo  to  the  dowagar  etnpreM.^ 

Widdliif  W^p  behif  alwajg  mm%  or 
ka  attractiYs^  wa  m^  tlia  ason  bootid 
to  correct  theaa  predi^dona.    The  grand 

dR<!hr:u!,   "whtim    Pte*!ini:k   would    have 


leant,   to  M.   Thiiir*,    Kupt^: 


Itl-JVM.     M*^    I 


promised  also  his  mot^ier's  c^jn^cut,  with 
a  little  delay  i  but  It  h  likely  that  noitlier 
proiiiiBe  wooid  have  been  kept.  At  all 
even^  Napoleon  e\wMi  uj  thmk  m.  The 
Prinoe  of  C-  jii^red  no  bett^, 

and  the  bean:  waa  cardtHl  off 

by  tlH>  Intc^  kiu /    I  I J  -U.ntd, 

8kH>ti  titiar  t\\v  cK  .  1  i.*n  of  Oharlc^i  XTU, 
a  Crown  Princa  wus  also  ekct^^d  in  the 
person  of  Prince  Oharlea  Aoj^uste  of 
Aogttfienbnrg.  The  mMm  death  of  tbii 
beloved  and  promising  luccessor  to  the 
throne,  and  tL  '  r  of  Count  Fersen 

by  the  neopk'  ^Am  on  Bu^picion 

of  his  naving  iKP,Ni».,.it  the  prta04.s  are 
events  which,  &s  effecting  the  memoirs 
of  )B[«diQgk,  WQ  have  airily  not^ 
snfficiently. 

A  grand  event  hi  modem  Swediah 
hiei^tory^  llio  election  of  B^madottei,  ia 
next  in  the  order  of  our  narrative ;  and 
nlthon^h  St^ngk  was  qui*jily  in  St. 
retcraburg,  looking  on  at  a  dlif  tanoe,  and 
at  Er&t  not  a  pariiMn  of  the  French 
marslial,  whose  ateclion  took  hlin^  like 
many  otberi,  by  wirriria**,  tijere  had  l>e«n 
no  circnTngtanoe  yet  in  Ida  career  whidi 
BO  imniedhitely  affeoted  his  int4^r«eta,  and 
which  ao  dgtudly  led  on  to  the  highattt 
dettUolea  of  hia  life. 

Tba  following  b  from  bia  letter  ooa> 
gmtdaHng  th^  Mug  :— 

**Si»it— The  two  comiers  arrivinff 
aneoeaajvely  on  tht»  15th  and  tha  S$d 
instant^  have  brought  me  new^  of  on  ex- 
tremeiy  diUbrent  ohuracUir*  Tlie  first 
tanght  me  to  think  that  yonr  iniy«<ity'a 
wiihea  and  tho0#  of  the  nation  wei« 
nnitctd  in  fiivor  of  the  Prince  of  Augiii* 
toiihorjt  [brother  of  Uie  lato  Crowa 
PHno4»]f  and  now  I  am  informed  by  hia 
Eioallati^  Hiron  Kiigaslram  tliat  U^ 
FHnfa  of  Ponte  Oorvo  haa  been  elactai 
nnAtutnomlj.  Not  btfng  adrbod  01 
what  can  liava  oooaMoned  a  chaogt  no 
inddeii  and  tmax^aotod,  1  confina  myMif 
to-day  10  tlie  aarnaat  hopes  that  it  may 
be  for  tlie  good  of  the  ooaotiy  *nd  to 
your  mi^cw^ V  aatlaCBCtioa.  Th^e  thing* 
ooetipv  my  heart  moat  In  thla  world, 

«^  The  aanaation  prodao^d  hon^  by  thb 
great  evant  ffurpa«»i'M  all  Ulm.  Ministry, 
grandaaa,  the  whole  jwopUt,  1(X>k  upcin  it 
m  crowmtig  th«  mijufortimea  whldi 
1hreati*n  tlie  cscitmtry.  Kvorybody  be- 
lieve the  motnent  at  hand  whi^n  Frcndi 
inf)a«noQ  will  (^itniK^I  Ruw^iii  io  nbaxuhn 

-y  mnrpation  of  th«  la«t  cvninry, 

*  *  ^       It  icqaitacar^ 

^,..v,  I  think,  tliat  Eyida  aa  wall  m  VHth 


678 


Count  SUdingk. 


[Deo. 


mark,  is  in  despair  at  the  choice ;  a  good 
omen,  it  seems  to  me,  for  Sweden.'* 

The  Russian  anxiety  does  not  how- 
ever appear  to  have  lasted  long.  Two 
months  later,  Stedingk  wrote,  that, 
^^  Prince  Konrakin,  lust  retamed  from 
his  mission  to  Paris,  brings  news  highly 
satisfactory  to  the  emperor,  who  is  quite 
reassured  of  the  frienoship  of  Napoleon : 
and,  in  fact,  the  terror  at  first  excited 
by  the  election  of  the  Prince  of  Ponte 
Oorvo  is  entirely  dissipated."  The  idea 
had  been  almost  universal  that  the  elec- 
tion of  Bemadotte  was  a  consequence  of 
Napoleon^s  direct  influence;  a  singular 
error,  in  fact,  although  a  general  l^lief 
of  its  being  the  wish  of  the  French  em- 
peror operated  conclusively  in  the  result. 
Napoleon  was  mdifferent,  or  at  least  in- 
active. The  Swedish  king  sent  a  special 
messenger  to  Paris  to  find  out  the  em- 
peror^s  wishes,  and  the  reply  was  he  had 
none.  A  few  years  afterwards  he  said, 
at  St.  Helena,  that  the  true  Swedish 
king,  for  his  policy  and  for  French  in- 
terests, woula  have  been  the  King  of 
Denmark  [an  early  candidate],  "  because 
I  should  then  have  governed  Sweden 
simply  through  my  contact  with  Danish 
provinces.  ♦  ♦  *  Berna- 
dotte  came  to  me  for  my  consent,  affect- 
ing ffreat  dependence  upon  my  pleasure. 
I  told  him  he  hod  better  profit  bv  tJie 
good  wishes  of  those  who  proposed  him ; 
that  I  desired  to  go  for  nothing  in  the 
election,  but  that  he  had  my  consent  and 
my  wishes." 

^  The  first  person  to  conceive  the  pro- 
ject of  elevating  Bemadotte  to  the 
throne  of  Sweden,  was  a  young  lieu- 
tenant in  the  army,  by  name  Baron  Oarl 
Otto  Mdmer.  This  gentleman,  who  is 
still  living,  published  in  1829  a  memoir, 
of  which  I  have  the  good  fortune  to  pos- 
sess a  copy  ;♦  and  it  occars  to  me  that  a 
sketeh  of  the  accession  of  the  now  dy- 
nasty may  be  drawn  with  profit  from 
the  narrative  of  its  projector. 

In  the  choice  of  a  new  sovereign,  the 

Earty  in  favor  of  the  House  of  Auffusten- 
urg,  comprising  most  of  those  who  had 
deposed  Gastavus,  was  at  first  decidedly 
in  the  ascendant.  It  was  natural  to 
look  to  a  worthy  brother  of  the  late 
popular  prince,  whose  many  virtues  had 
won  their  W!ay  into  the  people's  hearts, 
and  whose  family  were  endeared  there- 
fore to  Sweden.  The  Mng,  easily  per- 
suaded of  this,  sent  off  an  express  to 


Paris  with  a  letter  to  Napoleon,  asking 
his  opinion.  The  courier  left  Stock- 
holm on  the  6th  of  June,  accompanied 
by  young  MOmer,  travelling  on  ftinongh, 
but  at  the  same  time  charged  to  take  care 
of  the  courier's  dispatches  in  case  of 
accident.  The  mind  of  the  young  travel- 
ler was  filled  with  secret  speculations, 
and  strayed  boldly  into  the  idea  that 
Sweden  needed  a  prince  possessed  of 
something  more  than  the  accident  of 
royal  blood.  Brooding  on  the  great 
thought,  he  became  satined  that  a  party 
could  easily  grow  up  in  Sweden  in  favor 
of  some  tried  French  soldier.  Bema- 
dotte was  not  at  first  in  his  mind  ex- 
clusively. His  imagination  dwelt  as 
much  upon  Macdonald,  and  others ;  and 
the  Prince  Eugene,  whose  daughter  has 
since  brought  to  the  Swedish  throne  the 
rich  inheritance  of  her  father's  and 
grandmother's  virtues,  is  equally  named 
in  the  memoir  as  among  the  worthiest 
in  his  fancy. 

MOrner's  travelling  companion,  bear- 
ing the  secret  dispatch  of  the  king,  was 
a  &Ilow-soldier  in  the  Swedish  service, 
Colonel  Ankarsvard.  Their  conversa- 
tion during  a  long  journey  naturally 
turned  often  upon  the  grand  topic  of 
their  country,  the  royal  election;  and 
by  the  time  they  arrived  in  Paris,  Mdr- 
ner  seems  to  have  determined  to  enter 
actively  upon  a  project  which  had  en- 
grossed his  thoughts  thus  far  in  perfect 
secresy.  He  had  an  old  and  much  re- 
spected friend  in  Paris,  an  aide-de-camp, 
and  confidential  secretary  to  Napoleon, 
a  Oolonel  Lapie,  whom  he  resolveid  to 
make  his  first  confidant  He  found  Lapie 
on  the  evening  of  his  arrival,  and  pro- 
ceeded at  once  to  discover  which  of  the 
great  fVenchmen  then  in  Paris  his  old 
friend  might  think  most  capable  of  a 
sceptre.  All  ^is  sounds  mnch  like  the 
vagary  of  a  boy,  and  so  indeed  it  was ; 
but  it  was  a  vagary  nevertheless  which 
resulted  in  the  destiny  of  the  Swedish 
crown,  and  it  is  a  vagary,  therefore, 
worthy  of  record.  M6mer  was  the  son 
of  an  influential  Swede,  the  governor  of 
the  province  of  Upsala.  The  yonthf 
moreover,  was  a  member,  by  inherit- 
ance, of  the  le^slature  of  his  country. 
These  circumstances,  together  with  his 
sudden  arrival  in  Paris,  bearing  secret 
dispatohes,  may  have  impressed  Lapie 
with  more  respect  for  the  subject  pro- 
posed to  his  attention  than  probably 
would  otherwise  have  been  the  case. 


Mi  U  wtttM  Kort  berittelM  OB  oripranfvt  tm  tliraiimjtn-Tatol 


•f  OtelOCto 


ISM.] 


Cmnt  Skdia^L 


m 


M6n»er  begin  the  oaaT«natic>n  witli 
m  fkttdi  of  tiM  pfeearioua  et^te  of  niTmrA 
homti^  iad  preienilf  mi-h    ^       ■  u 
«r  with  in  nbmpt  uin 
Swodeix  wtta  in  itfled  at  taii  ca^t 
m  Fmne«  for  kiM ;  wiio  thould  it 
Fbof    Beraidotto,  MioJboAld^  Ekauhar* 
>  Otli ;  Lapie  most  mj  who  b  tno^  wnr- 
f  <by.    Tho  Fpenohmaa  mmed  for  a  little 
fhilo,     U«  wouM  not  t^Mj  bastiJj^  com- 
iiait  &n  opinicin,  which  might  one  day 
RlkMi  fbr  t  crime.    IIo  hnd  gofie  tinhiirmed 
'through  th*>  rovoluLiun,   and  h«s    now 
'  prudently   Invitod   hh  friend   to  couio 
tiezt  momttig  to  breakfAjit.      After  a 
(I'b  fiflecstion,  und  witti  the  secret 
^on    that    his    imi^eriml    injiat«r 
ktd  to  HJidermlDe  the  [M>w«r  of  Rns- 
kiK  !^^  ^^^^  cftme  to  rest,  and  he  pro- 
^aonnood  Tw^iuroofllljr  for  the  Pnnoe  of 
^   itt  Oorvo.    A  Jong  oonvertalioQ  en- 
i^  ^d  the  friends  aepariled^  muttialljr 
>l«dfod  to  work  di^roetlj  and  seoreUj ; 
-lAmer  to  s^ek  new  sympathifteni  In  hit 
[4l«fttn«   aiiil   l,apK  o«  Muruer    htijxjd, 
robaI»ly  to  t*ll  the  story  to  the  ct»(H?ror. 
The  young  8wetl0  utsjtt  vi-iittHl   his 
^6oniul,  Mr.  Signeulf  to  whom  ho  ako 
I  oomniittod  his  secret;  and  who,  after  a 
r  4aj'ii  reflection,  Jotned  hean  and  hand 
.;  bi  the  eDteqiriBe*    Sljcnenl  Iiid  long  pre- 
lidded  oTur  th«  Sw«aifh   oonaolat^   in 
rpida,  and  wa§  thotoQ^hty  ver»ed  In 
mtte  i:&iri  if'eotlng  th«  extornal  rek- 
Itlona  of  hb  oountTj;    Bm  adopttun  of 
pitlve  pfojeot  waa  a  grand  ft^  in  Ita  sao* 
MMa;  and  ft  wia  owing  to  hii  manage- 
f  ipaot  that  MWrner,  three  days  alterwaida 
Knn  the  S5th  of  Juua,  ISIO^  ahtalned  a 
I  ie^oret  interview  with  the  mat  mmx 
whoee  royal  deatiuy  he  bad  tnti*  rotigh- 
f  bewn.    In  the  wordii  of  IfdftMrf  the 
|icinoe  *-*'  tnanifeated  mach  Indlfl^no^ 
i&ipecttiig   the  whole  to  be  a  mare. 
Kifwleon^  ho  knew,  waa  privately  not 
,  hU    friend,   and    while    c^^rtainlv   f! Al- 
tered by  a  pfOiMiRal  whioh  ini^ht  lend  to 
I A  crown,  he  nruikmlj  afeoted  groat  in- 
[  ^flirrenee.    Indeed,  had  I  not  bt^en  Koine^ 
I  what  prepared,^  oontlntioi  M^mor^  ^  for 
[inab  a  reception,  I  nbDiiM  Imvn  been 
rpfffn^**'^'^*^  ^^"*^  the  pnnce  bad  no  fttnbl- 
\  tion  ~^e;  but  wbi^ii,  at  iongtht 


a  readinoai  to  ehati^e  hie  reli^oiL,  in 
ord^r  to  be  eligible,  1  had  no  longter  dif* 
f  etiltj  IB  seeing  through  thla  apj>earaiiG# 
of  imiiference?'  * 

Almoet  at  the  momenl  of  thla  inte- 
resting interview.  General  Fabiau  Wrede, 
Swedish  ambl^iador  at  the  Fren^'^  .^v^.t^ 
was  in  pHvate  audienoe  with  > 
exerting  himseir  to  obtain  mu. 
sive  answer  to  tbo  royal  letter  i 
the  Swedish  dynasty  to  the  ojn  i 

advice  of  the  tlioti  arbiter  of  EuroiJc. 
It  lit  ft  r|uei>tioti  if  Niij.ioleon*a£udiirBreuct 
was  mt  ir  e  r  eal  1 1 1  ft  n  Ho  r  luwi  o  tie's,*  6  we- 
den  was  more  remote  from  Franco  than 
now,  atid  the  part  ilie  ahoald  adopt  in  a 
war  with  Boeecia  was  posiibly  1m  Im- 
portAot  in  the  mind  of  Napoleon  I.  thaa 
of  Napoleon  111.  Geneiral  Wrede,  to- 
oording  to  Mdrner^  o(?taiiied  from  tha 
emperor  notbinje^  bejopd  an  a»Hunmo8 
that  the  Swedish  election  should  b« 
"  free;''  that  he,  the  crrn>aror,  would 
meddle  wiUi  nothing  afft^cling  it. 

Till!*  reply^  oorreepondiDg  perfeotlf 
with  NapoWn^A  dedaratlon  at  St.  Kde^A 
already  t|  noted,  was  iminedlat^ly  diaoo- 
verewi,  and  communicated  by  LHpie  to 
M^rncr.  The  young  tntnguer  t^^efl  fell 
encourage  to  oonflle  his  secret  to  the 
Swedii^h  ainhaMador,  whom  ho  hid 
known  at  home.  It  waa  a  bold  measurei, 
but  boldneaa  only  oonld  aohkve  hit  end. 
Thero  waa  an  ^Eprtidon  of  aniiety  and 
mjateiT  on  the  conntenanee  of  M^oer, 
when  he  presented  hi  mate)  f  to  the  am- 
baa^or.  lie  (ami  biive  had  the  air  of 
being  in  some  yottthfEil  ecra^ie.  '^  How 
uow«  Mdrner,  have  you  a  dud  on  your 
baniia  V  **  No  Gone  ral , "  w  a?*  U  lu  aniw«r| 
**  I  have  tomothing  rathc^r  inoro  itnpon- 
ant  ;*'  anil  having  obtained  a  prom&e  of  , 
•ecrety.  lie  dlaejc^ied  frankly  all  be  had 
planned,  and  all  he  had  I  hoe  Car  eJEeotttd* 
*M  hare,  to-fJay,''  ho  added,  **tpok«ll 
with  the  Prlno0  uf  Pont«  Oorvo,  and  I 
have  hj»  reply,  that  witli  the  penniseioa 
of  the  etnperor,  ho  h  readv,  If  el^tod, 
to  become  Lutheran  and  C^wn  Fnnoo 
of  Sweden/' 

It  h  extfA^^riltnory  how.  immedktaljf 
the  projeet  of  thia  ineipenenced,  ajid  m 
it  werok  ohocnro  janng  noldjor,  earned  tbi 
way  ynth  orery  Swedu  to  whom  it  waa 


11 J  kAovlcKlf*  of  li«rt^  tt^mpr,  om 
.   ^  ,  ,  ^1  L^uiL  bt  itcrcity  •vtit  i^  «f*nt  li»  llv«d«ii  tat  Ite  |     ^     _ 
d  U)  Ui4  Utfwa*  ti  m  BMOftrdtf  hSfdWtfci  upon  aaMjl%»%rtiaom  m«ti|f 

.rlM*  ttt  wbin*!  «f  It.  >riiiiiiinafci  ^  h«4  Ukn  M  «»iie«ni  In 
iht  amm  pfolHkbie  tb«l  bo  wm  In  t«allW  M  (^  bottaia  of  lfc«  iTftotM- 


!ni,ftBi  It 
iaki,atti 


iMi 


Count  Skdingk 


[Dec 


confided.  It  was  like  somo  new  light, 
wMdi  ft  necroDoaocer  tutgbt  hav^  oom- 
pannded  for  suddenly  illuroinatlug  tlie 
minds  of  a  nation  at  fault  The  Swedish 
ambassador  pledged  biiiiBelf  at  onccj  and 
nnoonditiottillj;  ne  would  labor,  b?  said, 
to  the  ntmofit  extent  of  his  pciwer,  m  tbo 
election  of  the  Prince  of  Ponte  Corvo* 

In  the  meantime  tbo  futuro  Crown* 
Piiooe  and  king  rejmired  to  St,  CJoud, 
to  consult  the  emperor,  to  obiiiin  Ills 
opimonjand  to  make  sure  that  he  sbouM 
b«  the  nrst  to  dbelose  to  him  the  idea, 
MOrnor  saw  the  prince  for  tlie  second 
time,  immediately  after  his  return  frum 
this  andience,  ana  was  aasarcd  that  tbo 
emperor  bad  not  only  made  no  objeotion, 
but  while  he  seemed  determined  not  to 
inflnonoe  the  ©lection,  promised  to  op- 
pose DO  obstacle  to  its  re^ulta,  as  planned 
by  M6mer. 

The  ambassador,  after  commnmcxiting 
the  secret  to  the  Dae  do  Gad  ore,  and 
through  him  to  Savary,  prepared  a  dia- 
patch  relatlUg  the  circumatancejs,  as  in 
duty  bound  to  his  own  government  This 
dispatch,  it  was  agreed,  should  bo  borne 
by  Morner,  who^  on  the  day  of  his  depart- 
nre  bad  a  third  interview  with  his  future 
sovereign.  *^8ay  to  your  kln^V*  sdd 
BemadottB,  into  whose  heart  the  pro- 
Bpect  had  now  worked  its  way,  ,*^hat  tbo 
emperor  makes  not  only  no  objection, 
bnt  in  case  of  my  election,  he  will  per- 
mit mo  to  receive  the  flattering  confi- 
dence of  the  Swedish  people.  Say,  ako, 
that  I  will  accept  it  with  ite  constitutional 
coGditions,  and  eliang^  my  religion." 

*M  quitted  Paris,"  M6rner  ailer wards 
wrote,  *4n  very  agitated  f?pirils.  The 
difficulties  of  my  plan  seemed  to  increase 
In  imagination,  but  I  soon  forgot  such 
gloomy  fears  as  I  reSected  that  the  enusc 
wia  one  through  which  Sweden  should 
bav©  tbo  beat  of  king^.  If  it  fail,  I 
thought,  posterity  wiU  lament  the  doom 
which  must  close  my  days — a  fate  which 
seemed  in  my  heart  the  sweetis-t  of  alJ, — 
death  for  tibe  good  of  the  Fatherland." 

Thus  far  everything  had  prospered. 
It  seems  probable  that  all  hitherto  in  iJae 
aecret^  suspected  Mi^rner  to  have  more 
or  less  of  authority  from  home,  for  what 
he  agftated ;  and  the  impulae  of  all  was 
at  least  compliance.  Mdmer  alone  knew 
the  audacity  of  his  proceeding.  He  alone 
knew  that  bl^  life  hung  upon  the  stake ; 
and  it  was  with  no  common  courier'i* 
se nidations  that  he  entered  Stockholm, ' 
and  bore  his  dispatches  to  the  offioe  of 
fordgn  nffairs.  He  was  reoeired  iu  the 
pfivate  bureau  of  the  minister,  Baron 


Engestrdm,  who,  as  b(»  irad,  changed 
color,  and  at  intei'vals  glaDced  angrily  at 
the  bearer,  "  Who  bade  you,  mr,  mingile 
yourself  in  tliese  matters?  How  bave 
yon  dared,  sir,  to  do  thi&f" 

Before  MiJrner  conld  speak,  two  others 
of  the  State  Oonncil  entered  the  room^ 
and  were  informed  of  what  was  passing. 
They  questioned  the  yontJi  closely,  tmd 
told  him  that  if  ho  went  ftirthcr,  it  would 
cost  him  bis  bead  ;^thas  fer,  ihey  said, 
the  matter  might  be  barmles^  becaaie 
the  king  had  already  chosen  his  sneeei- 
sor.  iforner  answered,  that  come  what 
might  be  fenred  nothing;  "  other  heads, ^' 
he  add,  **  will  pay,  perhaps,  the  ctisc  of 
mine."  Undismayed  by  frowns  and 
throats^  be  knew  that  no  successor  had 
been  chosen.  His  resolution  was  nn- 
sb  ake  n.    iforeo  ver,  there  hail '  i  e- 

thing  in  the  air  of  one  of  hii?  ^  ^ 

Count  von  Essen,  which  hintea  itjiu  be 
at  least  did  not  entirdy  rest-nt  what  had 
passed  in  Pads,  The  other  ministers, 
presently,  in  a  milder  tone^  M?tsed 
Morner  to  banish  the  thought  of  Bema- 
dotte,  wliieh  they  called  a  giddy  youthful 
dream  (Ungdomsyra),  otherwi^lt  wouM 
be  necessary  to  order  his  arrest,  Mdrner 
resolutely  replied,  that  in  that  case  the 
people  would  rcaono  him;  aud  finding 
that  be  could  not  be  intimidated,  the 
ministers  at  length  dismi^ed  him^  with 
renewed  recommendations  to  get  the 
better  of  a  boyiab  deliriura. 

Disregarding  all  such  counsel,  M5mtr 
went  diligently  to  work  in  search  of 
partisans.  Ho  first  appealed  to  tbe  offi- 
cers of  hh  own  regiment.  The  e-olonel 
(Lagerbriug),  witli'Whom  he  was  a  favor- 
ite, opeuly  declared  for  tbo  French  mar' 
shal.  The  Heutenant^colonel  ntifl  several 
junior  officers  immediately,  also,  aud 
zealoasly  embraced  the  project.  Ijeadtng 
members  of  the  House  of  Peasants  neit 
became  his  converts,  all  pledging  the:m- 
selves  to  win  over  tbdr  oolleagues  in  tJit 
Diet*  Several  of  the  Houso  of  Cler^, 
and  of  the  Bnrghet^  also  promi:*ed  their 
their  votes  and  influence.     T  -J, 

the  iodofatigable  Morner  cr  % 

f^w  diiys  a  powerful  taction,  :* 

seeing  his  danger,  for  Uie  re  .f 

the  government  c<iald  not  be  i.-^ji  ...Lb- 
held,  earneetly  advised  him  to  ]«ftv#  Sbe 
city,  pledging  them^elTea  to  work  ^th- 
fully  in  the  cause.  The  old  king  waj 
c^cee«lingly  augry.  His  eboioe  bad 
fixed  upon  the  Prince  of  Augii9tltQbuiy» 
and  a  Frenoh  party  plotting  against  tli€ 
royal  willf  lolght  weU  Incur  n»ya)  r«- 
Tcnge, 


issq 


Thi  Art  <f  ^Hn^. 


adi 


lAlioTLnl  miiDiii;  Jill  ftiissQS,  but  when?  \l\<i 
1  ^i4iJiynt  \\. 

lii!K-i-1f  wiiii  tho  prmnise  of  t1 

\  atid  MOrDur^  5  r 
ri^iil    wiu   witlihelcl,      11^   reinaiLicd   a 
prt*onor  of  sUitc  wttliiu  tlm  liniiu  of  LU 

lliULwbik\  tho  riSTototdoQ  in  the  Swe- 
fT;  >.  ...:.., 4  worked  ariaoe.  The  king, 
'  lemaudad  tlie  PHbco  of  Aq- 

;.  „',  mid  a  oommitteo  to  which 

t  i-  ;  ,  K  ihoI  waa  referred  were  aimoat 
ti:  .  N  in  ttdoptiiig  it    AtthiacrlL* 

ut,   Oeitanl  Wredo,  JQ»t  re- 
I  m  Paris,  was  added  to  the 

and  n  Freocli  <?imj«ary  ar* 
r  .  doc umeiiii  which  gave  color 

W  liiij  K^uwiug  ball  off  that  Napoleon 
de*»inHl  tht»  ul action  of  bb  m&rab&I*  A 
|M,rimlt  i»r  ilie  yoQibfy  ioo  of  tlie 
Vzvinh  LUJsa^iUte  wualtoo  rtceired  tod 
circiilnted,  aud  tbtt  baj*ffiatarea  of  bia 
prciMiit  osceU^nt   m^ty,  woo   thair 


way  nbo  in  the  serrico  of  his  father.     A 

vL'   royi     Lind    ^lirring    pampUet,    well- 

I  n  appeared  aod  apread 
The  anny  fifiemed  to 

h    tho  thi  111^1  ht   of    Beniadotte. 

rxtmitteo  fidtored^  iv»90,  and    re* 

if  declare  for  Lho  Prince  of 

.*>,  whom  the  Idng^  carried 

a\^aj   at  iJiai  with  the  fiood,  fonnerlj* 

beg^  hk  faithful  Diet  to  give  him  aa 

hiabeir. 

The  rote  was  taken  on  the  21  at  of 
Aogo^t^  1810^  and  resalted  uiiammotisly. 
The  Hoase  of  Poasaota  were  first  to  give 
iti  their  adhedoii,  early  in  the  mormng. 
Noble*^  clergy,  bargbers^  followed  tn 
eloqaeiit  suecc-sMnn  ;  and^  from  Uapa- 
randa  to  tlu^  1  oat  cape  of  Seaaj&i 

the  name  ot  >  le  rang  with  accla* 

matioD.  The  prkut^a  answered  thdstim- 
tnoae  in  person.  The  inde&tigable  Mdf* 
ner,  enrirhed  w\\}\  broad  lantlj  and  pffO- 
tnoilon,  became  his  Royal  Higbniti'i 
a<fyulaDt-m-chief ;  and  Sweden,  happy  In 
an  todependent  king,  ro-entered  on  her 
sometime  broken  career  of  progre&a, 
Tiotory,  mA  bonor. 


THE     ART     OF     EATINQ. 
rsoif  TEl   KAaLtxat  aokb   down   to  tiia   pazBiNT  Ttici. 


BOty«tDr«- 
fOQQ    timn 


ri«  not  t«  ho  douhtcil  thnt  tho  pmc- 
tioe  of  eating  was  Introdtieed  at  a 
fery  early  peHod  of  rnan*i  eJtSatencie. 
Adam  wai  direrted  to  eat,  ind  a 
{i\...^^\  <.ii...„-,.^  yff^  aadped  to  bim, 

t  egetaihle  kingdom,  for  it 

i ;  ..-L  0(0  thefowU  of  the  air, 

\h^  finhci  of  the  noa,  or  the  cattle  of  tlie 
Held,  he  waa  |>annitted  to  focnl.  It 
lui^ht  be  that  tho  teeth  wer^notyct 
fmre<l  t4>  trtjullcato  groigef 
lit,  which  r«qttir©a  oidy  the  IncfiorSj 
front  teeth;  but  aa  eoon  aa  ra«n  fonDd 
tbe  n«  of  i\n&  eye,  or  canloo  t«etlv  h% 
begao  on  icdid  fcMx],  which  being  trtna^ 
ferrcd  U^  the  rmdari,  thovjiitcmof  gHlid* 
ing  Utuk  phtce,  and  titcat  wan  in  a  stale 
fit  for  D  iitntion.  It  ia  not  said  bow  soon 
the  eye  teeth  appeared;  tboae  of  late 
peneriitioni  en  mo  verv  oarly^  partioii* 
farh  \\\i\m  country:  ft  is  eeitam  thoee 
of  Kve  canio  Iftty  \n  !lfie.  AlaaT  •'^  ^"♦^ 
for  ptwt^Hty.  However,  thii  i 
oeaa  of  o^rs;  all  tlmt  c^  be  siii-  .-, ::.  -i 
mao  immediately  baoan^  eamlvofona, 
and  ao  renmioa  to  tbfa  ^.    MM  tbia 


cftnii^c»roQ.f  power  waa  materially 
check#cl  in  ita  tendenciea  by  want  of 
knowledge  of  thi^  art  of  cooking.  As 
yet  reatanranta  were  not,  oyatora  eonld 
bo  eaten  raw,  aa  they  are  now:  hut 
iOienoo  which  had  not  dawned  could  not 
be  applied  even  to  the  aim  pi  eat  prooeea 
of  roa^^linK  n  HiHoln  or  f^lng  atnelta. 
No  individnal  waa  able  t^  prepare  hAMr 
mode  beef,  or  serva  up  a  goo^  atnflbd 
wit^  iige  aod  oniona*  Oiviltfation  wat 
g^ulCLj  idvinoid  bdbfa  oiw  appUiooaa 
yrttt  dhf07er«d,  bilbfa  inook  lortlo 
SO'  ^e plea  oonld  be  preaeoted* 

siietitloii  of  meal  aa  diet  ta 
whirl!  I^mi^,  oear  hla  end,  dlrecta  hie  mm 
Eaan  to  kill  some  veolaon ;  and,  dtboiigh 
be  waa  grossly  dteelvedf  by  kid  being 
atibatittited  in  ita  plaee^  It  eaeina  feo  hvm 
s^vngtheDed  the  old  patriarch,  dmpb 
tlioo^  tlie  food  WAH.  for  do  ineokloD  ta 
made  of  enrrant  Jelly  for  the  ooAi  or 
mint  Moce  for  the  other,  Tbt  oait 
iMmt  fiotioe  of  the  oao  d  animal  fbod 
Wfli  immediately  pferfons  to  tha  dapir- 
toraof  the  II«brfwi  Ihun  Egn^    ™~ 


A 


^ 


583 


Ths  Ari  of  Eating. 


&lAye6^  m  Qx^j  bad  loog  been,  by  the 

EgyptiaoA,  tbeir  food  v/m  probnblj^ 
Ught ;  and  as  they  had  reason  to  b^liave 
the  journev  before  Uiein  woQld  be  long 
and  painftil,  ihcj  wisely  endeavored  to 
obtam  physical  strength  by  a  krge  sup- 
ply of  food  more  nourishing  than  that 
pn  which  they  had  been  forced  to  live. 
Accordingly  tbc^y  sopped  on  roast  lamb 
aud  ^imicb.  The  lamb  was  fairly 
roasted  witli  fire,  **  not  raw  nor  sodden 
at  all  with  water :"  and  what  ii  more, 
one  entire  roast  was  mada  of  the  entire 
animal.  Thi«j  it  is  true,  was  ae  iadpi- 
ent  step  In  the  culinary  arl,  thou^fh  not 
in  Acaordanoe  with  our  roledf  deanced,. 
aa  they  are,  from  a  combination  of  tb<50- 
reticaJ  tcieoce  aod  practical  experienGe. 
Of  this  repaat^  thus  prepared,  the  Hebrews 
partoijk  largely,  m  they  were  directed 
to  do»  and  as  tijey  were  further  required 
'*  to  let  nothing  of  it  remain  untu  Xlm 
morning."  It  was  hardly  necassary  to 
lay  upon  them  the  first  iiyunetioQ,  for 
they  were  hungry,  and  had  long  lived 
nponlaia  Qourishmg  diet;  neither  is  it, 
matter  of  surprise  tliat  they  sbooM  be 
unwilling  their  task-masters  should  know 
bow  well  their  own  private  larder  was 
stored,  nor  the  manner  their  meat  was 
cooked.  That  they  were  unaccustomed 
to  such  delicat©  food,  and  in  fact^  httla 
used  to  animal  diet^  may  be  inferred 
from  the  circumstance  that  when,  some- 
what later,  while  on  their  we^some 
Journey,  they  miu'innred  at  being  obliged 
CO  6&t  of  one  vegetable  subatance  morn- 
ing, noo%  and  night,  for  breAkfast,  din- 
ner, and  sapi^er,  tJiey  sighed  over  the 
remembrance  "  of  the  fish,  cucumbera, 
malonfi,  onions^  leekis,  and  ^rlie  they 
bad  60  freely  eaten  during  3ieir  abode 
in^Cgypt."  No  mention  i^  here  made 
of  mmL  From  this  time  forward,  flesh 
became  a  atanding  dish ;  and  although 
tlie  Hebrews,  when  settled  in  their  new 
abode,  are  said  in  their  entertainment  of 
fitrfingers  to  have  set  before  them  breads 
fruit,  and  wine^  it  la  pretty  certain  that 
the  first  course  was  of  some  more  solid 
sflbstance.  Ft  is,  however,  slngokr  that 
in  the  approaches  rmide  by  tli©  Hebrews 
and  nations  immediately  succeeding,  the 
culinary  art|  simple  as  tt  was  with  theni, 
made  alow  progress,  and  in  some  in- 
Btanoes  actually  retrograded.  The  Be- 
dotiins  dried  tbeir  meat  in  the  sun,  and 
the  Oroaia,  of  more  modem  days,  employ 
&  method  quite  simple^  and  one  thdt  ooes 
not  in  the  slii- •  -ree  interfere  with 

their    habitu  ih.      It    is,    tliat 

when  they  km  an  aoimalj  tliey  cut  a 


morsel  of  the  fattest  part,  strew  over  it 
a  little  salt,  ploeo  it  anier  the  saddle, 
wiion,  af^er  a  gallop  of  a  few  hours,  it  u 
brought  forth  weu  heated  at!d  tender 
enough  to  be  eaten  without  further  pre- 
paration* We  are  fond  of  recurring  to 
the  past,  and  praising  the  simpHdtj  of 
former  ttines ;  this  we  often  do  withont 
sufficient  reflection.  This  primitive 
mode  of  preparing  meat  is  not  commend* 
able,  and  happily  is  no  longer  m&^s^m^wf. 
The  march  of  mind,  the  boafit  of  imr 
times,  has  led  to  refinement,  and  to  mom 
intimate  knowledge  of  an  element,  the 
Jndicjons  use  of  which  has  developed 
science  and  enlarged  our  enjoymenti. 
We  allude  to  fire. 

The  tirst  man  was,  as  we  are  told» 
created  in  a  warm  climate;  of  courBe  it 
was  not  likely  he  should  early  learn  the 
use,  or  even  make  the  diseovery  of  on 
element  that  hia  feeliogs  told  him  was 
not  necea^ry,  although  one  whtcli  civil- 
ised moderns  of  all  climes  cannot  now 
eiist  without.  It  la  not  the  futher  of 
cookery,  but  it  may^  be  called  iu  g«>d- 
father,  for  it  certainly  stands  sponsor 
for  the  most  of  the  aliments  that  ftOstAlii 
us.  One  tiling  leads  to  another:  no 
sooner  was  it  discovered  that  fire  in  al- 
most every  department  of  cookery  was 
neceesarj,  than  cookery  in  pr  '  ''  '  '- 
knowlec%ment    introduced   >  , 

and  this  in  turn  led  to  pharmn^  *.  ^.a., 
then,  what  blessings,  moral  and  pliysicol, 
have  been  bestowed  on  the  world  by 
cookery  as  produced  by  fire,  and  bow 
much  onr  happiness  is  promoted  by  the 
union  of  tbe  two.  It  m  true,  fire  h as 
occasionally  been  grossly  perverted  from 
its  original  beneficent  purpose  by  being 
employed  to  produce  conviction  on  the 
mind  of  unbelievers  of  particular  dog* 
mas ;  but  this  is  not  cooking  \  and  oook- 
ing,  which  may  be  considered  as  the 
chief  cause  of  bringing  tire  into  servioet 
id  in  no  way  chargeable  with  the  ilbnsc 
of  the  properties  of  its  ansiliary.  It 
appears,  then,  that  the  cook,  the  cbe- 
miit,  and  the  apothecary,  act  in  unisuu 
for  the  beneiit  of  thoie  who  oat ;  and  the 
number  of  these  la  not  only  qnik*  largo, 
but  is  constantly  incxeadug ;  the  cook, 
by  converting  the  elements  into  nulrl- 
ment)  the  chemist  by  analyzinK  tlii^tr 
properties,  and  the  apothecary  oy  re- 
moving them  when  they  do  harm  Ui  the 
system. 

Having  in  tbeso  preliminary  rewi»fki 
referred  to  the  early  habit  of  ^  ! 

the  period  when  meat  wm  fi^ 
on  table,  we  thall  «ndeavor  u  bixhw  me 


1S54.]  jl 


Ari  ^f  EaHn^^ 


68i 


_^  ill  a^nderiM  tJib  new 
trtick  fOfSA  ]MlatAbl@ ;  in  otljer  wor^i, 
gift  •n  iaHight  lata  tbv  art  or  seicsoee 
(•i  it  b  caU^  bj^  iU  professors)  of  eook- 
tng.  Hero  wo  iu*c  forceti  to  leaif«  thJe 
moel  eirly  rvoordjs  u^  they  ore  deHciont 
in  detttilit,  and  uiutit  be  content  with 
gtiming  fjnini  pniftDv  bmiory  mtoh  facta 
tfl  may  ^hn^  light  on  thL^  interesting  and 
hisblr  hiiportaiit  toj>ic»  We  have  con* 
miu  '   jmd  Koinan  hletory  (we  are 

lift  Ion  &ud  Nineveh))  t>at  do 

O0t  ui-4  *rvi-r,  ijxoept  in  a  few  LQatanc«6i, 
Aoocmnu  euificiently  minuto  for  our  pnr* 
poae.  The  habiy  and  uicKie  of  !tA»  of 
tiiM*  aacSent  poople  were  entirely  dif- 
ferent from  tLgee  of  the  modems ;  to  be 
atift^,  thoy  mada  mecliaaaJiiiost  as  \<mm 
as  onre,  hnt  la  iber  Iboght  and  IdJlea 
gam^  with  bows  and  arrowy  injitead  of 
inuAkcb  that  prodno©  fire,  tbey  wwe 
Dt  of  ih©  many  \^Mm  U%  wbloh  tbia 


lonorant 
alsmont 


r 


Lont  may  be  applied.  The  ad^ance- 
CMoi  of  dvliiaatlon  and  intelilfenee  has 
llf€<ight  na  to  the  kmiwbdfe^  that  while 
tt  la  a  powerful  initrument  in  taklog 
away  life,  it  iii  wIimj  a  means  of  anstaining 
IL  JJor  do  we  fmd  that  Uieee  people, 
iolklkleiied  aa  th^y  undoiibtedly  were, 
ooQld  waltz,  or  d^oa  the  polHVth  of 
wMcb  m  mnch  ealir«n  tlie  spirita,  refine 
ibe  taate,  and,  above  all,  sharpen  the 
appeiiU^,  Tho  cartJoet  notice  of  Gredazi 
booking  b  found  in  the  9th  book  of  the 
11  tad*  It  b  known  to  all  scbolara  that 
AchlUeii  and  tho  eommander-ln-ebief  of 
tho  army  had  a  hitter  quarrel  aboni  a 
ladTf  calliHl  each  othor  liard  naiiie«, 
eml  ivparatad  dt^adly  fo^^,  Adiilles  ba- 
ins of  «  fiery  ierni»er^  left  the  army, 
woich|  In  0Qii9e<inencaf  ioiered  many 
u  It  beln^  thoQgtit  n^ommrf  to 
that  he  Khonid  reioiiid  bk  piaoa 
€l  th«  diiof«,  tjirae  mxf(f$%  wara 
dbfaklied  U  orgo  hla  Pttsni,  Tb« 
dtpntAUon  oooilatad  of  Ulywes,  AJajt, 
and  an  old  man  naiaad  Fh^obE.  a  oalm 
fionntry  member,  who  was  doubtlaai 
adaetad  for  thia  ijuriJOJie  of  utAiidloff  ba- 
twaan  Iha  ennuing  of  Uly^iMisi  and  the 
•rdant  l^fOf»<Miuneni  of  AJai*  AclulJes, 
Oft  il  It,  ioelng  them  approach^ 

imii  I  -^r«d  hit  fHand.  ratiH>dus, 

ta  bii  rrii'  largaat  bonfl  witii  the  beat 
mna^  and  knowing  tbay  woold  ba  hnn* 
g^.  diraotad  blm  ti>  prepafa  fi&iirii- 


WUffra«illt#yof%«^ 


Thia  of  oonrao  wia  a  atew,     Aflar* 
wMda,^ 

*^  TImb  wh«fl  Uic  lupikl  tAwm  U  leagtti  iab«ia*, 
He  firew  h  be<l  of  gl&wm^  cttlbett  viii ; 
Ab«T«  Llie  cjit^rji  lbs  siokliiif  fHf»ia(i  tim 
And  tpiinklet  i««]^  lalt  frntn  UfM  «fili.** 

This  was  a  broil.    Aa  yet  grldironi 
were  not. 

The  party  ate  and  drank  plenteotmly. 
Madame  Dacier  and  otlier  commentatori 
ar#  pleased  with  the  ftiraplicity  of  the 
entertainment,  and  remark  with  admira- 
tion on  th*3  free  and  easy  ftyle  in  wMob 
it  wm  condncted.  f  atrocIoB,  the  fHtnd 
of  tha  hoit»  waa  the  chief  cook ;  no  aer- 
Yanta  appeared,  eaoli  gqest  helping  him* 
self  as  he  liked.  It  h  to  be  snpmised,  aa 
Ac^ille©  and  Patroclua  both  laborod  in 
the  prepmntion,  it  waa  int<-iidod  the 
feetival  shoold  be  worthy  of  the  exalted 
personages  who  were  to  partake  of  It ; 
these  were  no  less  thun  a  king,  the  eon 
of  a  king,  and  three  renown^  Grecian 
generals.  All  geemed  pleased;  yet  by 
cloady  Tiawfng  the  matter,  it  will  bo 
seen  that  this  was  only  outward  »how, 
for  it  did  not  prodtice  the  effect  intended. 
If  fleas  were  than  as  nnmerons  and  aa 
nimble  aa  those  of  the  present  day,  each 
ambaasadnr  returned  homo  with  ont  in 
hia  ear;  and  ihis,  exolnali^e  of  the  feiat, 
waa  all  that  was  obtaioml,  while  AehiHeft 
reslated  their  entreat  it^n,  and  retnalnndaa 
otMitlDate  as  ever.  How  is  thht  to  be 
aoconnteti  for  f  Simply  thus— there  waa 
a  defect  in  the  cooking,  liad  Uioy  oom- 
iiien<^l  with  upotag^  d  la  i?(tia^^  or  evan 
a  emmmml^  with  a  glass  of  Kparkling 
Catawba  imm«diat«ly  aher,  it  would  have 
pfodueed  an  a^rraeable  feeling;  then 
hmiUi  and  tui^t,  9r  onpiOf  d  la 
T^tm^  with  a  few  htftw^mavrm^  sod 
a  gaadal  Itiirit  would  have  been  erettad ; 
theia,  Mowetl  iiy  lamb  or  Md  (leaiiDg 
out  tho  pork)  iu»  rwft,  it  rannot  be 
doubted  tbe  partv  would  hare  riaao 
fh>m  table  in  narmooy  with  each 
other,  the  object  of  the  motting  being 
aeoomplisliad,  ami  the  war  tnnre  speedily 
termiiiated.  It  Is,  howevt^r,  nnttlT  to 
eondamft  peopb  for  Ignorance;  the 
tliwaks  ocrttld  ei^ttipoae  a  f*o<sm  which 
ia  Mill  the  admiration  of  tlie  lettered 
worlJ,  but  they  had  never  been  tatulit 
the  art  of  ooc«iag  on  aoiafitifio  pna* 
dptes;  bad  noldlaeovcred  ihe  new  oom- 
bmatinna  wAmm  has  d^vc^lnri.^!  [^t 
na  w&i^  tooL  to  their  pth  i.^y 

the  original  invented  lin- 

Tbelr ^nt  attempt  waa  made  by 
with  a  moderate  iinaotltf  of 


*A 


The  Art  of  Eating. 


pork^  the  fle^h  of  rabbU,  pbensant^  ftnd 
peacock,  win  oh  being  8pieed  witli  judg- 
ment, the  whole  was  made  very  tasteful, 
ond  w&s  imitated  with  great  sac<?a8S  by 
the  moderns  down  to  the  sixth  centun^ 
A  diBtLBgoisbed  ItaLlan  poet  who  flouriib- 
ed  about  the  same  period,  composed,  in 
honor  of  the  sAuaage,  a  song  that  etyoyM 
much  reputation  among  all  gourmandM^ 
It  18  neither  convenient  nor  neeesL«*ary  to 
condnue  the  account  of  Grecian  gastro- 
nomy. It  probably  im proved  by  intc^r- 
coiiree  with  foreign  nations,  and  by  the 
inereaee  of  wealthy  which  generates 
laxury.    Iret  iis  pass  to  otJjeri. 

The  Homang  were  a  hardy  race  of 
people,  of  strong  minds, — wliat  we  Hhould 
call  a  go-ahead  peopH— -bot  deficient  in 
refi Dement.  Much  of  their  literature, 
and  nearly  all  thdr  cookery,  were  derived 
from  the  Greeks,  after  time  had  prodaced 
an  improvement  in  Grecian  art.  In  their 
early  career,  their  bfe*t  cooka  wen3  from 
SiciljH^  and  their  nicest  dis^hoa  were  de- 
si  gnated  by  the  name  Simi  I^  dapes.  Yet, 
althongh  ibu:*  provided,  their  tables  were 
loaded  with  solid  materials  rather  than 
with  skilfully  compounded  dishesj.  The 
profusion  wasraarvelloii&i  they  thought 
to  dazzle  by  display  rather  than  to  win 
good  will  and  appetite  by  delicate  food 
scientifically  prepared.  No  better  proof 
need  be  given  of  the  want  of  delicacy  of 
the  Roman  appetite,  than  their  great 
fondness  for  pork ;  a  hard,  slow  of  di- 
gestion, substance  that  should  rarely  bo 
eaten.  Their  method  of  killing.  Intend- 
ed, no  doobtj  to  remove  this  objeotion^ 
did  no t  make  t he  m eat  any  b e tter.  They 
thrust  a  spit  red  hot  through  the  body 
of  the  pig,  and  potfered  it  to  die  without 
bleeding.  Even  if  by  this  method  the 
flefih  was  made  tender,  the  retention  of 
the  blood  changed  iU  color,  and  disposed 
it  to  more  speedy  petrifaction.  It  may 
beaaid,  an  passant^  that  pork  was  not  im- 
proved by  a  modern  invention,  A  lining 
pig  was  taken  {only  about  two  hundred 
yeari  ago)  made  to  swallow  vinegftr, 
wafcer^  a  great  variety  of  herbe,  ^  boiled 
together,  then  immediately  whipped  to 
iUath^  and  roasted  fortljwitb.  None  of 
these  practiGea,  we  are  happy  to  say, 
prevail  at  present. 

The  Romans  eat  of  many  diabea  we 
are  accustomed  to,  many  we  are  not, 
and  many  w©  nether  think  of  m  fixjd. 
Qiime  was  alwaya  in  repute.  Wild  and 
domestic  fowls  were  much  liked,  as  they 
are  with  ua^  except  the  nighting^e,  the 
cuckoo,  and  the  pjeacock.  Of  these  loat 
the  toDgues  were  in  vogue  down  to  the 


Ume  of  William  the  Con(|ucror,  and 
If  ere  ooneidered  a  great  delicacy.  Fi»h 
waa  abundant,  and  of  great  variety,  yet 
cod,  haddock,  and  h^ibnt  do  not  ap- 
pear to  have  been  known,  or  if  so,  were 
not  valued.  Of  the  solid  meats,  the 
most  of  them  were  the  same  as  those 
we  eat ;  but  the  young  of  tht  commtim 
aas  (asinus)  and  young  puppies  (<^bnli 
lactantca),  were  they  never  so  well  fat* 
tened,  we  could  never  tolerate,  Ytt 
the  last  were  evidently  thought  a  deli- 
caoy,  for  they  formed  part  of  the  enter- 
tainment given  by  Meecenafi  to  AngiMu£ 
and  Horace.  It  wag  not  that  the 
Romans  were  deficient  in  cotnc^tiblca ; 
these  were  abnndant  and  various ;  what 
they  lack  ml  was  JQ4gtnent  in  the  oholoei 
and  art  in  combining  them.  They 
oonld  well  discipline  large  artniea,  thM 
conquered  wherever  they  were  led,  yet 
they  had  not  the  aki!!  neceaeary  to  ans- 
tain  life  agreeably ;  or,  in  other  word^^ 
they  were  deficient  in  knowledge  of 
coolcery.  Thoy  coold  make  wise  laws 
for  general  government,  yet  lacked  fikUl 
to  give  fredi  zest  to  tbod,  Hany  of 
their  laws  are  adopted  Into  onr  code, 
but  we  eschew  their  kitchen*  Th^j 
were  wonting  in  invention.  They 
were  good  ^ters,  but  this  is  not  eoongji 
to  form  a  roan  of  pure  tnate*  Th& 
French  professors  8ay_,  —  '*  L^omme 
mange :  Thomme  d'espnt  sait  mfinger.** 
And  then  their  saucei  I  It  is  painful  to 
think  of  them.  Modem  adepts  will 
wonder  at  their  taste.  It  Ib  donbtfol  if 
what  delighted  patrician  palates  would 
agree  with  onr  plebeian  ideas.  The  most 
celebrated  of  tlieir  sauces  was  the  tfaruffj* 
Tlxia  was  coirifjosed  in  the  following 
manner: — "The  inteatinea  of  fish  axe 
thrown  into  a  vessel,  salted,  laid  befoR* 
the  sun,  trequendy  tnrned ;  when  Buffl- 
ciently  heated,  the  garum  is  drawn  ftoftn 
them.  This  was  highly  eateemed  j  yet 
it  will  at  once  be  ^rceived  that,  leaviiijj 
out  the  seasoning,  it  iano  otiier  tlian  our 
common  fish  oil,  of  a  most  rannid  odor. 
Other  sauces  were  made,  rei  '  "  eu 
more  pnngent  by  a  sprinl  a- 

fffltida  (feilphinm),  the  odor  ol  wb^ca  we 
have  no  tenns  for.  It  is  matter  of  fur' 
prise  iMt  the  Romans  ahouJi^  i..^^  ^.  t.**Mn 
HO  long  contented  with  oonT'  ^>f 

so  gross,  and,  to  uSjSorepnk:  .  ,  ..„-ure, 
more  espeeiiJly  as  Uiey  had  so  Intiiuato 
an  intercourse  with  the  morti  re^nwl 
Greeks.      During   the  ear)  oi 

their  hiitory,  they  Pent  a  d«  W) 

AUieus  to  reqo^t  a  copy  of  iiie  Uws  of 
SoleOi   blades   whloti,   maay  of   tho 


Id64.] 


The  Ari  of  Eating. 


565 


Boman  joatb  wore  sent  there  to  stmlj 
beUes-lettreB  and  philtMOphy ;  it  is  hardly 
to  be  fupposed  these  iadividuak,  in 
March  ofkuowledgo,  would  retnm  with- 
out brining  with  tliein  corrcot  notions 
of  the  Un  thhy  had  been  accustomed 
to,  with  the  manner  it  had  been  pre- 
paired.  In  fact,  this  intercourse  did  at 
fast  bring  forth  a  change ;  and  when,  by 
their  all-conquering  arms,  the  world  was 
at  tlicir  feet,  and  riches  accumulated,  the 
Bomans  bcoime  refmed  in  tlicir  taste, 
and  the  luzurv  of  the  table  kept  pace 
with  the  mighty  power  of  the  state. 
Tiien  the  universe  was  ransacked  for 
V  rarities,  and  the  ingenuity  of  men  was 
tasked  to  discover  new  iiiodo4  of  grati- 
fying the  new  and  varied  tastes  that 
were  formed.  Poultry  and  truffles  were 
brought  from  Africa,  rabbits  from  Spain, 
pheasants  from  Greece,  acd  i>cacockH 
tjrom  the  extreme  parts  of  Aiiia ;  exclu- 
sive of  this,  increa<«ed  attention  was 
given  to  the  cultivation  of  fruit,  as  well 
exi>tic  as  indigenous,  so  that  nothing  was 
left  uudone  to  make  Rome  the  focus  of 
gastronomy,  as  vhe  was  the  mistress  of 
the  world.  Thus  she  remained  many 
centuries,  supreme  in  power,  the  centre 
of  art,  the  seat  of  literature,  the  homo  of 
eloquence,  and  last,  thougli  by  no  means 
least,  the  abode  of  a  class  of  men  who,  by 
their  scientitlc  labors,  gave  dignity  to  a 
hitherto  neglected  do[iarimeut  of  domes- 
tic economy,  made  it  the  means  of  in- 
fusing a  kindly  spirit,  and  taught  man- 
kind the  salutary  precept  that  reconcili- 
ation is  often  produced,  benevolence 
awakened,  and  many  of  the  pasHions 
that  disturb  social  life  calmed  by  a 
copious  dinner,  scientifically  prepared. 

Time  rolled  on,  and  the  flame  of  the 
culinary  art  burned  long  and  bright  to 
cheer  the  world ;  but  the  kitchen  fire, 
like  man,  is  as  liable  to  trouble,  as  the 
M»mrk!»  to  fly  upwards.  Sod,  very  Rad,  is 
the  thouifht  that.  Just  as  we  have  ac- 
quired a  pure  taste  of  earthly  pleasures, 
a  chilling  blast  of  adversity  comes  into 
the  midiitof  our  enjoyment,  withers  the 
sweet  flowers  we  have  tended  with  so 
mucli  core,  and  rotn  us  of  our  delight. 
The  morning  dawn  may  displsy  its 
brightness,  filling  us  with  hofie,  the  noon 
may  be  clotl>e<l  in  splendor,  but  the 
evening  be  shrondeil  in  gloom ;  and  so  it 
was  with  ancient  i^>me.  ller  night 
came ;  her  glowing  hearths  (|Mirticularly 
the  kitchen  heart  lis)  lK'(4uno  Mtlitary,  or 
were  gnarded  by  new  ond  uncouth  forma, 
who  knew  notJiinff  but  hunger:  Iwr 
harvests  were  trodden  by  tlie  horsca  of 

TOL.  IV.— 88 


the  stranger.  Tlie  immigranU  scorned 
the  delicacies  before  them,  tlie  art  by 
which  they  were  created,  and  the  hands 
that  had  labored  to  combine  them. 
PaUces  were  destroyed,  and  witli  them 
the  cooks  who  had  made  them  joyous 
abodes.  By  the  irruption  of  the  barba- 
rians, the  internal  as  well  as  the  external 
glories  of  Rome  were  efEeuied,  and  this 
was  followed  by  a  period  qf  darkness 
that  rested  long  over  the  civilized 
world.  Everything  fell  before  Alaric 
and  his  rough  hordes ;  nothing  was  re- 
spected. Soups  and  science,  fish  and 
fine  arts,  bouilh  and  belles-lettres,  pastry 
and  poetry,  all  shared  alike  in  one  com- 
mon fate,  were  involved  in  the  same  uni- 
versal ruin,  and  agos  elapsed  before  the 
light  of  knowledge  and  the  art  of  cook- 
ing were  restorea,  to  brighten  the  mind 
with  one,  and  refine  tlie  appetite  of  man- 
kind wiUi  the  other.  The  conquerors 
were  for  a  time  constant  to  their  horse 
flesh,  or  meat  of  domestic  aninudS| 
which  they  cut  raw;  but  climate  and  the 
example  c»f  tlie  vanquished  ere  long 
brought  about  a  change.  They  found  the 
delicately  prepared  meats  of  the  south 
more  pleasant  to  tlte  taste  than  tiieir 
own  coarse  food,  and  by  minglins  in  Uie 
repasts  of  the  coufiuered,  tliey  became 
insensibly  tinctured  with  civilization, 
and  learned,  at  last,  to  estimate  the  gen- 
tleness of  social  life.  A  general  improve- 
ment took  place  about  Uie  fifth  century 
of  our  era,  a  [)eriod  when  the  councils  of 
Ephesus  and  Chalcedon  were  in  ssmIou, 
for  the  purpose  of  settling  cerUiln  con- 
tested religious  dogmas.  As  the!«e  coun- 
cils were  (:omi>osed  of  fh>m  six  to  eight 
hundre<I  pious  prie^ttiS  who  for  a  long 
time  were  eiuraged  in  most  solemn  dis- 
cussions, conducted  fret luently  with  angry 
debates,  it  U  fair  to  believe  their  api>e- 
tites  were  rendered  keen  by  their  ardu- 
ous labors,  and,  judging  by  the  etToctA 
pnMluce<],  it  is  highly  probable  that  in 
satisfying  the<«o  api>etltos,  which  thev 
certainly  did,  Uiis  large  assembly  of  cul- 
tivated penHUis  atforded,  by  example^ 
quite  as  much  aid  t«)  the  cause  of  g<xKl 
cookerv  as  they  did  by  precept  to  the 
general  interest  of  the  church.  Wo 
mention  these  two  ciroum stances  ttigo- 
thcr  to  sliow  tliat  good  fee<ling  and 
orthodoxy  are  not  nnfrec]uently  found 
hand  in  hand. 

Although  Uie  progress  of  amelioration 
was  occasionally  checked,  it  yet  gradu- 
allv  gained  ground.  It  was  most  oon- 
apicuoos  in  France,  where  it  took  a  stand 
nnder  the  enlightened  govemmMit  of 


586 


The  Art  of  Eating, 


[Dec 


Obarlemagne,  and  continned  to  advance 
during  the  reigns  of  his  soceessors.  Bat 
a  motjt  notable  change  took  place  from 
the  moment  Ohivalry  commenced  to 
bring  an  influence  on  social  manners. 
Then,  among  many  of  its  achievements 
was  that  of  the  introduction  of  females 
into  social  circles,  which  not  only  soft- 
ened the  harsh  features  in  the  character 
of  men,  but  tended  still  further  to  im- 
]>rove  the  gastronomic  taste  of  the  age. 
Cookery  was  immensely  the  gainer.  The 
fair  and  noble  dames,  who  embellished 
the  court,  or  smiled  on  suitors,  did  not 
disdain  to  cast  an  eve  on  the  kitchen, 
whence  now  issued  aliments  made  more 
alluring  by  varied  embellishments  be- 
stowed upon  them.  Pheasants  appeared 
on  table,  their  claws  gilt  with  gold,  and 
the  peacock  was  presented  with  its  gor- 
geous tail  expanded,  to  charm  the  eye, 
while  it  enticed  to  a  more  material  sense. 
Fair  hands,  hitherto  unused  to  toil,  now 
assisted  in  some  of  the  minor  details  of 
the  kitchen,  and  pastry  soon  occupied  a 
station  which  succeeding  ages  have  con- 
firmed. The  Venetians  furnished  the 
spices  of  the  East,  and  the  Arabians  the 
perftmed  liquids.  Meats  were  served  up 
in  fantastic  forms,  and  fish  was  some- 
times boiled  in  rose-water. 

Oookery,  like  some  of  the  best  quali- 
ties of  our  nature,  may  be  diverted  from 
its  true  purpose,  by  being  carried  to  ex- 
tremes. So  thought  some  legislators, 
who  attempted  to  apply  a  corrective,  by 
l)as8ing  sumptuary  laws.  These,  people 
laughed  at  and  evaded,  so  that  at  last 
they  became,  like  other  historical  monu- 
ments, thought  of,  but  neither  read  nor 
observed.  The  world  moved  on,  and 
every  one  lived  as  well  as  he  could. 
The  meat  in  the  pot  simmered — ^the  joint 
turned  with  the  spit — the  stew  frothed 
—the  fry  uttered  its  welcome  sound,  and 
the  gridiron  stood  a  fire  which  even  Tay- 
lor or  Scott  would  have  winced  at.  If 
historical  report  be  true,  excellent  fare 
was  always  to  be  found  within  the  ab- 
beys, convents,  monasteries,  and  like  es- 
tablishments, which,  being  well  endowed, 
governed  by  people  of  discernment,  and 
little  subjected  to  the  gaze  of  the  pro- 
fane, eiyoyed  culinary  prerogatives  de- 
nied to  worldly  communities. 

Having  brought  our  latteHe  de  cuisine 
thus  far  into  good  company,  a  place  is 
now  open  to  present  cookery  in  another 
and  highly  important  point  of  view.  It 
is  astonishing  to  perceive  the  aid  chro- 
nology has  received  firom  cookeij,  and 
how  well  it  traoea  the  progress  of  dvili- 


zation.  The  early  stage  of  manhood  is 
marked  by  men  cutting  slices  from  the 
living  animal  and  eating  them  raw ;  the 
second  period  is  when  the  meat  is  broiled 
or  stewed ;  the  third,  when  the  mind  be- 
comes enlarged,  and  huma&  skill  is  exer- 
cised in  forming  combinations  to  foster 
the  desire  of  all  created  beings  to  reach 
a  point  beyond  the  one  on  which  they 
rest.  Here  is  dviUzation.  Here  is  the 
world's  progress  clearly  defined-by  Oook- 
ery, wliich  thus  has  a  merit  unnoUoed 
even  by  its  most  zealous  partisans. 

The  present  offers  a  fit  occasion  to  hold 
a  little  t^te-^t^te  with  onr  readers,  for 
the  purpose  of  showing  what  we  consid- 
er our  duty,  and  what  they  may  reason- 
ably expect  from  us.  We  do  not  profess 
to  be  historians  or  biographers — ^to  give 
the  life  and  adventures  that  have  paased 
in  various  kitchens — furnish  a  date- for 
each  event,  or  follow  a  chain  of  yean 
link  by  link.  This  would  check  the  easy 
freedom  we  like  to  take  to  ourselves, 
and  greatly  weary  those  who  are  kind 
enough  to  listen.  Nevertheless,  we  shall 
observe  a  certain  degree  of  order,  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  what  we  have  to  say 
somewhat  Uie  air  of  an  historioal  treat- 
ise. We  shall  be  diligent  in  research, 
faithful  in  relation,  and  draw  our  &cts 
from  every  accessible  source.  It  is  the 
habit  (some  call  it  the  mission)  of  these 
United  States,  our  beloved  country,  to 
wander  far  and  take  whatever  they  can 
lay  their  hands  on ;  it  is  equally  the  ele- 
vated mission  of  the  culinary  art  to  pro- 
mote civilization  and  refinement,  by 
bringing  from  far  the  effect  of  skill  and 
experience  home  to  the  bosoms  and 
stomachs  of  those  on  whom  the  light  of 
science  has  not  yet  shone.  As  we  ad- 
vance in  our  narrative,  we  find  cookery 
and  refinement  of  manners  keep  com- 
pany. Germany  was  slow  in  its  progress, 
and  it  was  only  till  the  armies  of  France 
carried  with  them  victory  and  cookery, 
that  gastronomic  taste  was  infused  into 
the  nation.  Still  it  was  long  obstinately 
bent  on  plain  roast  and  boiled,  and  even 
to  this  day  simplicity  and  solidity  are  the 
characteristic  traits  of  this  people.  Hol- 
land would  not  raise  its  head  above  its 
marshes.  Oaviar,  sourcrout,  and  gin, 
were  the  favorite  diet;  and  although 
within  almost  speaking  distance  of  the 
fountain  of  good  taste,  resisted  its  culi- 
nary blandishments  with  the  same  vigor 
it  withstood  its  armies.  Her  manners 
were  in  harmony  with  her  diet.  Eng- 
land, the  ''  Defender  of  the  Faith  ^  the 
champion  of  free  government  and  ardent 


1854.]! 


Th  Ah  f/  Mstin^. 


BB1 


I 


prcmtoier  cpf  eiviHittUotu  toixld  not  bo 
id] tired  to  !bcs  refini^t'-  ■ '  ■"  etM»kerj% 
wlilch   the   agii   W3!w  r«»  bring 

forth*  Tho  focjfi  of  i..^  .,.„.. .^t  of  th© 
Plantapetieta  was  mow  coarse  tad  ill- 

ir<?ji,    nor   wli(*n    th^lr  jH'Wtr  fell  lo 
house  of  Tttdnr,  was  im|iroveinetit 
ibto,     11.  L    WHS    a    regubr 

'#^al«r—  -*or,  Queen   fli^- 

th,  wtui  not  uu^£-e  delic&tCf  while  her 
nmicb  of  honor  breakfnsbed  on  stocsk-lish 
Qttd  b^r.  What  could  hn  i^jrpecti^  froui 
»  iwoplo  itith  mQh  ank*ei>4<*Dt8 !  One 
wucMtt  dtgenii^o  r  '  -^1  oetTcr  bwn 

bmgjbt  ttnckr  n  ■  ooarB©  of  od- 

HIAIiofi.  To  tht-i.  I  Nil -11^  they  stendiJy 
many  ycari,  Al*ont  the  niiddlo 
19  woTenteetith  ceotiifT  a  partial 
itnproYement  was  mtnh\  lliurlcs  11,, 
wbo  Jiiid  i>!tivt J  niih!)  of  lii^  jifo  ahroftti^ 
Hi'  !  ^1«  to  btiy  n  dhin^r 

fur  '^h  to  tcttcU  htm  tti 

Aayr^mUi  a  goinl  oiJt\  Tbe  return  of 
tuu  king  gave  an  ifnfmW  t/>  rh«>  g^uliif 
of  o<iok©ry,  and  ^  n— wbnt 

they  <3kl  not  kn  ^^  man  i:* 

not'  111 ade  m crcl}  to  a i - ,j  l  bull  John 
Bull  was  rukVi'ti  which  m&^U  an  ambas- 


iiaaoe — mdrp  ry  turdy 

pwigpewihilLi.  ,., -.v.-  lisafcw 

ilmi  of  r«flni»ruent  •'  ,  \(  not 

of  oi»ok«rv.  Mi  fi-  vUi'  V  an  the 

m!ddl«of^I.  V-     Thb, 

It  nitist  be  i      ^  ii*le  onlr 

Jn  convenfj',  wbtsrsi  as  may  l*«j  mp[>o»cd, 
more  ailtntioti  was  bfatow<?tl  w[>ati  ihm 
poJnt  til  an  1(1  the  open  worM»  wbcro 
iiiofed  the  rcitmh  barom  who  governed 
it,  Tluc!  fikllowinif  U  a  de**cripiloa  uf  a 
fomale  at  her  meat,  a^  pven  hj  Cbau- 


Toi  im^f. 


*Ati 


}f«  iPttIt  ]Mr«  ftofvn  In  Inn*  r»^«  4i«|«| 
W«l  eooiS*  iU  flute  A  n«f«4l  And  vefl  m^ 

trt  OteP  lIplHf  wlp**1  •ftc  «?■  ripp', 
llial  la  ktn  e«pf*«  wM  fta  luUhliaff  mm* 
Hr  fNi%  vhiift  iJkt  4niaitii  Lul  btr«  dnLtiglit 
lyiMMtaty  ttHcr  Mrv  »«i«  ilrt  n«^i/* 

_*lFe  art  tmw  nrr\vM  at  a  p<»Tto4  when 
•rt^fdonoc.  1  to  M*- 

tinetf^m  b>  '*.    The 

liTi     '  irioe  tho 

i%H  ^Vntury, 


Frmiee  belonj^^  the  bonor  of  b«iQ|  tb# 
putdlog  star  in  an  untrodden  paui^  of 
bc?ing  the  gretit  piitnju  of  tfic*  a^piriDg 
geohiH  of  oi^is^:^  •^'  ■■'"1  h ringing  homo  to 
the  l>o8(>ii]$^  <  0  pWasure  to  be 

derived  froui  •-.  ,  ..oition  of  ilu^  culi- 
nary art.  This  eluvatwl  [  lO 
still  retnioa  by  common  con-  -  t- 
iiig  persona  pentwiving  her  singular  apli- 
tndfr  tor  tliu^  higher  bruoche^i  of  the  art, 
and  thai  '^be  [HJtt^eiNes  a  clear  [lefceptJoTi 
of  the  wanta  And  wmhea  of  a  Urge  por- 
tion of  the  civilited  world.  At  th It  time 
oa1f«i  waa  Intfodnoed;  K  was  broofbi 
into  Europe  by  tik«  P'     V              ^f*, 

feared  in  Inrger  qumtit  y. 

t  is  dunbted  among  ©oniiAnm?!^  lYin^-unir 
the  aucieiita  wtm  aoquai&l«d  with  augar 
na  we  ^-^^  i '  '  ♦  1  - 1"  ^'  •*  work  of  art  j  but 
it  wiifl  V-,  ho  moderaa  to  be 

an  eeeetsL        ^  m  m*8j  prepara- 

tions for  eating  and  clHtlldllf^  Brandy 
wjL^  known  ^unie  thna  bclbrt,  but  not 
tiU  now  wna  ita  oat  axtended;  and  to- 
bac4.-o,  hithertci  «ontii«d  lo  a  few,  waa 
now  brought  for  wan!  to  com  pie  to  the 
Ibt  nf  f.tini\danta.  Whether  tne  world 
in  benefited  bv  these  two  laii  discover* 
iefi  \9  very  Jfiuhtfti!»  Happily,  feline* 
loent  kept  puce  with  jaatronajuy.  The 
phy>jic4U  itr^Dgtfa  of  £onlaXlV.  doclin- 
irig  AS  he  atfvancDd  In  year?j,  %*anons 
re*tiirative3  were  invented  whkb  still 
1 1  old  place  among  the  iiqu^urs  of  the 
day,  The  spint  of  gttot]  cheer*  with  ita 
lrj*provemcnt»*,  win*  not  how*n'cr  coa^ 
fincfl  to  Frantic.  Qticeii  Ann  uf  Eugbhod 
tja*l  the  refutation  ot  bi/mg  ft»nd  of  gpod 
living.  It  wa*  said  she  hjid  frequent 
conference»  with  her  cotik,  and  tlio 
*'  TractA  for  the  Tinica**  make  mention 
of  «M»v<»ral  dUhe**  prepared  after  ^'^  Qnecn 

An.:--    ■    .    ■    '    ..;;* 

riding  the  tmfortunata  olo$- 

the  life  of  ■  "^'^^    :!ie 

uiid  ttie  pf  4 

IT    it  wai  i--.-i^i  '  I  a 

"lit  of  the  Eig!'  ti- 

r  Mr«  contineiil     .    .,.,   pe, 

\\:r.\  by  prcA^nting  to  thm 
ir, ,  .;l^!Jili^^^lv  of  the*" 


i; 


r[. 


1., 


N 

t^mili:! 

det'liL 
con  J ;  I  '• 
tnr)  [ 

Wocl'l  Uj^'  rnir, . 
mw  (r>qr<.'i  *' 
Thin  w:m  nn  ' 

Orleans  for  wl( 
«^htri«hod^  and 
forgot  tAiK    O' 

gftMit    atlli^lloi 


iijimt^r  I 
tlm<»  ni 


^fh  trufllea). 
the  Regtoi 

lo»  ru^iuiory   i»  »till 
Tiir»m*  lfr#'{rn*aH!Jeii 


688 


The  Art  of  Eating. 


[Dca 


and  political  discussions  were  found  to 
be  better  understood  and  arranged  when 
the  parties  were  under  the  influence  of 
a  good  dinner  or  a  dejeHner  d  la/aurehstte. 
Even  the  Revolution,  with  all  its  horrors, 
did  not  sensibly  check  the  disposition  to 
convivial  reunions,  and  many  wlio,  in 
the  morning  had  denounced  a  political 
opponent  in  the  Assembly,  sat  down 
without  thought,  while  cutting  his  meat^ 
that  the  sharp  axe  of  the  guillotine  was 
in  readiness  to  take  away  his  appetite 
and  head  together. 

Having  brought  our  notice  down  to  a 
comparatively  recent  period,  chiefly  oon- 
iined,  it  is  true,  to  the  state  of  the  culi- 
nary art,  with  its  influence  in  Europe,  it 
seems  proper  to  consider  what  progress 
we  of  this  Great  Republic  have  made  in 
this  notable  element  of  civilization.  It 
is  humiliating  to  be  forced  to  admit  that, 
notwithstanding  our  numerous  advan- 
tages, we  are  in  this  respect  behind 
many  of  the  minor  cities  of  Europe. 
Nature  has  been  most  bountiful,  but  art 
is  deficient  to  render  her  gifts  enticing. 
This  backwardness  to  adopt  new  modes 
may  have  been  caused  by  too  close  an 
observance  of  the  wise  axiom  in  our  De- 
claration of  Independence  which  says, 
"  Prudence  will  dictate  that  govermnents 
(modes  of  cooking)  long  established  should 
not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient 
ciiiuses  ;  and,  accordingly,  all  experience 
hath  shown  that  mankind  are  more  dis- 
posed to  suffer  while  evils  Q}ad  modes) 
are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves 
by  abolishing  the  forms  to  which  they 
are  accustomed."  The  words  within 
brackets  will  show  how  the  axiom  is  to 
be  applied  to  our  subject.  In  whatso- 
ever manner  the  patriots  of  our  Revolu- 
tion argued,  it  is  still  matter  of  surprise 
that  we  did  not  begin  to  feel  a  desire 
for  improvement  while  an  intimate  inter- 
course was  maintained  with  the  French, 
when  they  came  to  our  aid.  Lafayette 
came  from  a  luxurious  court,  and  no  doubt 
was  able  to  give  useful  hints ;  then  came 
D'Estuing,  with  an  ambassador,  both 
men  of  rank,  who,  to  their  civil  and  mi- 
litary abilities,  must  have  added  taste 
and  judgment  in  culinary  ai*t  sufficient 
to  ofter  many  sound  precepts.  Yet  their 
example  or  advice,  presuming  they  gave 
both,  had  no  effect,  in  proof  of  which, 
we  need  only  refer  to  a  dinner  given  by 
Washington  at  West  Point,  a  few  montlis 
after  their  arrival,  to  a  few  of  his  friends. 
This  consisted  of  boiled  pork,  roast  b6ef, 
beans,  greens,  and  apple  pies,  all  put  on 
to  the  table  pell  mell,  and  eaten  off  of 


plates  once  tin,  but  then  iron ;  this,  too, 
in  the  midst  of  a  country  rich  in  thud 
products  of  forest,  field,  and  flood.  If 
the  oommand^-in-ohief  of  the  army  &red 
no  better  than  this,  is  it  to  be  suppoeed 
tliose  of  inferior  rank  fared  even  so  wdl, 
and  how  must  it  have  been  with  the 
public  in  general  ?  Count  de  Grasse  and 
the  i)olished  Rochambeau  came  a  Uttle 
later  witli  troops,  yet  no  improvement 
appeared.  Far  be  it  from  our  intention 
to  disparage  the  character  of  the  ever  to 
be  praised  natives,  the  sons  of  liberty. 
They  were  a  noble  race,  and  tlie  food 
they  lived  upon  was  no  doubt  well 
adapted  to  give  them  energy,  mental  and 
physical,  to  withstand  the  assaults  of 
their  enemies.  Their  fare,  though 
neither  delicate  nor  well  served,  was 
nourishing,  and  this  was  all  the  times 
required.  Yet,  admitting  that  this  re- 
past might,  for  the  most  part,  be  a 
healthy  diet,  we  must  demur  to  the 
vegetable  portion  of  it.  Another  cause 
of  the  backwardness  of  our  people  to 
fraternize  in  a  gastronomic  way  with  the 
auxiliaries,  was  a  lurking  dislike  to  the 
French  as  a  nation.  The  Americans,  aa 
colonists,  had  been  much  annoyed  by 
them,  and  this  they  remembered;  to 
this  was  added  a  portion  of  the  mother's 
hatred  which  the  children  had  inherited. 
This  ill  feeling  was  openly  manifested  in 
the  intercourse  between  the  American 
and  French  officers  in  Rhode  Island, 
which,  but  for  the  efforts  of  Washing- 
ton, and  the  conciliatory  disposition  of 
Lafayette,  might  have  produced  unfor- 
tunate consequences.  The  Americans 
were  willing  the  French  should  fight  for 
them,  but  would  not  be  prevailed  upon 
to  cat  with  them.  During  the  whole 
course  of  our  struggle,  fish  was  seen  only 
in  its  most  simple  form ;  en  nuUelcte  it 
was  unknown,  of  course  its  virtues  un- 
prized. How  we  were  able  to  continue 
on  such  friendly  terms  with  the  French 
during  their  stay  of  two  years  and  a  lialf, 
without  imbibing  any  of  their  refinement, 
can  be  explained  only  by  the  extreme 
necessity  we  were  under  for  their  mili- 
tary aid,  not  fi>r  their  culinary  know- 
ledge. That  they  rendered  us  good  ser- 
vice during  the  contest  is  beyond  dispute; 
whether  we  profited  by  their  taste  and 
skill  in  cookery,  it  must  be  confessed,  is 
very  doubtful.  It  may  not  be  difficult 
to  account  for  the  pertinacity  with  which 
our  predecessors  adhered  to  their  acons- 
tomed  £u*e,  when  we  take  into  vmw  the 
force  of  education,  climate,  and  oocnpa- 
tion ;  beyond  this,  thero  ia  another  e!e- 


1864.] 


fit  Aft  <^  ^^1^. 


i  wliioli  hae  a  tnateHal  jtiittdTic^  on 
r  ebaraoier,  UjU  \%  Dot  mort^ly  tW  Tood, 
but  chiefly  tW  maiinur  it  is 'prepare. 
lorvin  wo  Ml,  and  Ijcptiu  we  hii»  %nh* 
t(>  the  ref^ftKjf  of  foru%iief|* 
food  i»ii|^lit— the  Frenoli  nre  a 
f  rr  ^'  * ' '  r'W>i«.  Eitgli«h  food  b  h^ftvy^ 
/ngfbh  iir»  lolld  iod  snjritnis, 
»^ip>iv  1.11^  Am«rioAfi«  trd  so  Htt!^  iniUled 
r  tototittfie  rnlan  fn  their  oooktry  in  to 
jfve  Europe"  Ti^  oiH  iicion  to  aceii«e  them 
m  MDf  V  OAtioiia]  eb&raisC^f. 

Il  Is  not  i  n  ^  he  tiDd«r»too(l  th«t 

we  astirelv  npglect«i]  th^  hri^tit  ex- 
am pJattetV^cf  iri*  u*«,  Intt  mtlj^r  thut  Wo 
t*>o  tij  eniitbll*tte«(l 

iibitjij  AR  i .go  with  i^luc- 

iiice.    8tUI,  cLoDgit^  4id  Uke  plMv,  as 
r  ill  \  I  ef«aft«r  appeiAr . 

W#  got  «o   \\ .  "  "    '  ■    wftr^  the 

piritJi  of  the  fM  il,  iiud  the 

liiiaer  LubU  fi : :  urc.     Ah  i<x»a 

iMi  pe*ce  w.-i^  i  !,  fnrrsDt  J«llj 

Wifl  »rvod  ivit:.  ,....  ..ii;  thb  WM  nn 

itnprov«?tnrat  iiitroducM*d  bv  Governor 
Bftftc^ick^  who,  to  Lb  tn&iij  pitHode 
qnolitieft,  ndikd  thiit  oT  bdlnf^  im  «soeUotit 
cntirvr:  fUU  was  oooiiiofuJlj  dro»ed 
w[[R«;  fiBUOQA  roeeived  att«n- 
i  vIj  iijitd)  WM  Isft  uti^idshed; 

ftua  itiiiud^  tlie  liiglicr  drclci  rogar  w«« 
tiMs^l  ift  the  makiDg  of  pitmpkiii  |tI#-i  tn- 

tfOiid  of  llloljMfi«tt,  AK  ^ 

iolog  ^dl  fi>r  A  btv 
Biooa  woald  biivt  ooactM i  ■  n  i  o  u^ i  v m\m- 
txmnt  of  karaing;''  jr«t  Aitill  more  &vor- 
'  ~ » i^tiUiQi  A{ip«trtd,  tod  thii  wni  a 
iW  do  it'ce  ^«ttor«  Ftofib  wore 
Iooa!  poH  tliB  w«ro  in  ooofludoi^ 
irlikti  teoded  to  mik»  wMivm  worti; 
diA  whioh^  itit'  c*t)rlfi^!l3^A0T  wiu  fovod 
~  '      :  lo  k  ilher 

I  tiATtnoiiv.     i '      \^  ?^l«, 

h%\*pf  hour,  tiiw^  laitlif  ii^iifi  wm 
iv«iit«a,  Atid  tumiedbiily  our  mmm% 
al  Oon^titiiaoii  WM  ftmtucd.    Be- 

r  jroimf  li  a  p^^*!^)^  Jiwt  o«t  af  i«Ad* 

tatrUir  ,   Mlf. 

t  Atl^ihim  cMum  dv  pn^u  i«^  cuiiltArj' 

Wa  hAil  )aft  boflt  ov  bailie^  «# 
i  now  to  iM»«  bow  it«  lot«rior  wmm&mt 
i]d  b*  ord^fGd  I  And  aa  to  food^  AACti 
nt  Aooofdliig  to  bta  taeAnA.  f%m 
•top  lo  ibbile  bow  tt  iboidd  b* 
'     itiU,  A  taw  did  ttditk.  &ni!  mA\ 

'QAtberAWrr. 

f  W1A»  1 1 ,  .  _ 

Ipnd  qtif  etly  crept  t»u.     Zti  tliu  i>jiiri>«  uf 
LtA    prtivreiAp    pw    loop,    whii*h    had 
to  hoen  pr«iQOt^  wit}  I 

p  bollAd  JjlDg  At  ib«  Ui : 


the  li^l  ftoAting  on  tr»f»,  was  now  strain- 
f  d,  hj  wbieb  prooesi  lh«  t^th  were  ttot 
cOoifed,  and  more  cotild  be  «Ateti  wiiboot 
Jomng  tbe  pAlAte.  Obowd«r.  a  isAtional 
dkb  pemilmr  to  the  EAutern  Ststcfl,  wius 
flrjit  produced  by  iho  ioveTiiiv©  (renin*  of 
our  ventr&ble   and  pi  -ii>r«  at 

Plymouth.      Our    re^  r  them 

en  '*  '  -^  f  • 'i-^v?^  for  lmi-  u.-m,  and  wo 
i-t  :    tJiftt  and  it4  lntrin?rr 

niL ,  ...uement*!  IntrcKliif***^!  S'lti* 

Its  coiiipoi^lUo»^  wbtlo  thej  Im^ 
to  (iiif  eBJoyriieht^  havt>  *nor  ^ 
t^Aoed  ita  stmphrity^  or  diminished  mir 
ffTAtitiide.  The  Frtmeh  maUhytc  n  ixn 
luntfttiori,  but  i»  »o  rimeh  tiocturM  with 
tnoTiJirriiicAl  orniiment  m  to  ha  fnr  re- 
moved from  the  sunplt^ity  of  the  origlnft]* 
While  on  Uje  subject  of  finh,  it  in  not 
aiTii9«  to  rem  Ark  on  the  Astonish  tn:;  vh- 
rietjes  tlmt  inliiibit  the  walerji.  If  we 
m^y  helieve  Hindoo  phil<t»op!ij,  tlK^ 
occiAa  i«  the  ioarce  tVora  whicJi  sprjvncf 
All  living  being* ;  that  the  httmaii  sp^i^ 
were  hrougiit  forth  in  the  wattTs,  und 
that  it  ift  by  change  *ff  riU  juul  Ijti^it 
alone  m<m  were  broTig: 
reetrial  element ,  lUnv. 
wi  oertAinly  fe«l  no  r«ttit^bino«  lo  Je^- 
tng  on  our  eotnlnA  of  the  deep,  and  al^ 
tbongh  their  teeli  Is  bae  sonrbhing  ihan 
that  of  anlmalA,  it  ofTera  a  pkoilng  variety 
io  otir  gA^nmofnio  feetliTAk.  *  Atichovy 
Bftuoe  and  loheler  «ilad  were  now  (ire^ 
•ent<»d.  Tbe  Wt  li  an  a^rocAble  A^rt^ 
ifflniffv,  ooniblniiig  a  madnt^  alimcmt 
with  a  vegetable  stttwjtane^  **  -  •:i^  a 
pleasant  zest  U*   n  tigitt    i  rtL  \ 

jThlamAybe  Eold  of  BAodv.  A\- 

tmsf  de^^leed  for  the  spe^ '  of 

ladlW  of  feeble  healtlt  and  >  i  t^. 

Puddlnpi,  of  which  all  w*?r.  of 

doohifui  oharacter ;  they  i  .ht 

and  nutritive,  ur  beav^  an^l  i<le^ 

Thoy  are  of  En  gl  i*h  on  jf^n  «  .-re 

brongh  t  over  in  t  b  t^  M  -  ■  a- 

Atiitlte  An  hn[iortaiit  v  of 

oar  eatable**/  iik»l>orTr  m- 

lonMd  to  reflect  heforr  der 

before  they  partake  ut  urtu,  u.ivi  \i  le 
ooJy  the  jonng  and  vigorotu  who  can 
takethmn  wi*^-  -» '^'-^rimlttation.  Pork, 
in  A  ft^w  for'  !i  niAnf  a  favorfte 

dilh.     Our  !;.,.:„.;,- .  ,  «>*•  ^^xm  aa  the^ 

eooldrabe  aalmaU  a^  'i  niade 

It  an  oAientlal  article  In  i1iL«ir 

furjorn  condition  tlitv  r    f*i;tl 

on  A  iubstAUco  to  ^1  i.   he- 

ndtse  whlch^  tltcir  rii)i<<li  tor  it  wa» 
haLg^iten««l  hy  k  no  win*;  that  it  w&t  h«1d 
la  i^omitce  bv  unbelieving  Jew^  aa 
the  aine  prlnciplo  w  ihet  which  midi 


590 


The  Art  of  Eating, 


pec. 


them  avoid  celebrating  Christmas,  be- 
canso  it  was  a  religions  festival  of  Oatho- 
lies.  Abont  fifty  years  ago,  some  of  oar 
exqnisites  boiled  ham  in  Madeira  wine. 
This  was  an  expensive  luxury  which  met 
with  little  encouragement.  It  took  its 
rise  from  an  incident  that  occurred  in 
Prussia.  Frederick  the  Great  once  con- 
descended to  partake  of  a  festival  pre- 
pared for  him  by  one  of  his  courtiers, 
and  among  many  dishes  of  exquisite 
flavor,  he  was  particularly  struck  by 
that  of  a  ham.  lie  partook  of  it  copi- 
ously, accompanying  each  mouthful  with 
great  ])raise,  not  only  of  the  meat,  but 
of  the  cook  who  had  pre()ared  it.  A 
short  time  afterwards,  his  m^esty  di- 
recte<l  a  ham  to  be  cooked  that  should 
liave  the  same  flavor  as  the  one  he  had 
so  much  enjoyed.  On  being  told  how  it 
had  been  boiled,  he  expressed  astonish- 
ment at  the  novel  method ;  yet,  not  to 
lose  the  pleasure  he  promised  himself, 
ordered  the  cook  to  apply  to  the  courtier 
for  the  requisite  quantity  of  wine.  Tlie 
king  being  an  absolute  monarch,  the 
liquor  and  lives  of  his  subjects  were  at 
his  disposal;  and  being  of  a  despotic 
temper,  no  one  thought  of  disobedience ; 
the  wine  was  furnished,  but  to  check 
future  like  requisitions,  the  practice  of 
boiling  ham  in  wine  was  discontinued, 
and  it  is  believed  has  not  been  renewed. 
The  aliment  under  immediate  notice 
shadows  forth  a  topic  which  we  would 
willingly  pass  over,  but  in  our  quality  of 
faithful  annotators  we  may  not  shrink 
from  the  duty  this  title  imposes. 

Sausages  are  a  delicate  question.  We 
took  occasion  to  mention  them  when 
treating  on  Grecian  art,  from  which  they 
date  their  birth.  ^^  Westward  the  course 
of  empire  takes  its  way,"  and  so  it  was 
with  sausages.  They  passed  from 
Greece  to  Rome,  and  rested  long  in 
various  parts  of  Italy.  Bologna,  where 
the  famous  painters  Caracci,  Guido,  and 
Domenichino  founded  a  school  of  painting 
enriched  bv  their  works — ^a  city  that 
gave  several  popes  to  the  church — was 
abo  the  centre  of  art,  science,  and  sau- 
sages, a  distinction  it  still  retains. 
Thence  they  (the  sausages)  passed  to 
Lyons,  in  France,  where,  with  occasion- 
ally an  exception,  they  form  an  agreeable 
condiment;  they  then  traversed  tiie 
ocean  to  our  western  hemisphere,  and  it 
is  painful  to  add  they  sufl&red  by  the 
voyage,  being  now  greatly  deficient  in 
deuoacy .  Our  sausages  are  made  chiefly, 
if  not  altogether,  of  pork,  are  IndiflTer- 
ently  seasoned,  without  care  to  r^eot 


gristle  or  tough  morsels,  besides  being 
wanting  in  that  fine  flavor  which  gives 
80  much  reputation  to  those  of  the 
eastern  world.  Another  cause  operates 
powerfully  to  lessen  the  merit  of  our 
American  sausage.  Sinister  remarks 
are  thrown  out  on  the  ingredients  of 
which  it  is  composed,  and  when  spoken 
of,  or  brought  on  table,  allusions  are 
whispered  to  its  supposed  illegitimate 
parentage. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  dwell  longer  on 
the  various  substances  that  constitute 
our  food ;  we  have  them  in  profusion ; 
our  defect  lies  in  the  want  of  scientiflc 
knowledge ,  in  tlieir  preparation — the 
proper  method  of  displaying  them  on  a 
table,  so  as  to  produce  a  good  effect,  and 
skill  in  adding  side  dishes  (Hon 
(TcBuvrea),  to  give  fulness  to  the  group. 
Mistakes  are  made  in  placing  the  courses; 
a  rdti  sometimes  comes  in  before  an 
entree;  and  what  ought  to  be  aside  dish 
is  often  made  to  flgure  out  of  its  proper 
place.  In  the  eyes  of  the  uninitiated  these 
are  slight  defects,  which  time  may  re- 
move, and  they  are  not  mentioned  to 
depreciate  the  fare  that  is  presented. 
But  it  should  be  known,  for  the  benefit 
of  our  successors,  that  a  well-ordered 
table  affords  refreshment  to  the  mind 
while  it  presents  nourishment  to  the 
body.  If,  as  some  people  assert,  the  seat 
of  the  soul  is  in  the  stomach,  how  import- 
ant it  is  that  the  etherial  part  should  be 
properly  cherished.  It  is  not,  however, 
the  kind  of  food  one  eats,  or  the  more 
or  less  skill  with  which  it  is  prepared, 
that  is  the  essential  point;  tlierc  is  an- 
other consideration  comes  in  worthy  of 
equal  notice,  this  is  the  manner  the  food 
should  bo  eaten.  There  are  five  kinds 
of  eaters.  1.  There  is  your  dull  man, 
who  seems  to  eat  merely  from  habit, 
mainly  because  his  parents  did  so  beforo 
him,  and  he  expects  his  children -will 
follow  his  example.  2d.  Your  impatient, 
fidgety  being,  who  is  all  activity,  and 
who  falls  to  at  once  on  the  dish  that 
happens  to  be  before  him.  8d.  Your 
careless  eater,  without  education,  who 
considers  so  much  time  as  lost  that  is 
passed  at  the  table,  puts  all  dishes  on  the 
same  level,  and  hardly  knows  the  differ- 
ence between  the  breast  and  the  dmm- 
stick.  4th.  Kext  comes  your  ravenous 
animal,  who  thinks  only  of  Quantity, 
takes  everything  that  comes  in  his  way, 
as  if  anxious  to  show  the  capacity  of  his 
stomach.  5th.  Lastlv,  come  the  protes- 
sors,  men  of  taste,  who  cast  a  praedsed 
eye  over  the  table  before  they  eat,  use 


1854.] 


The  Art  of  Eating. 


501 


jadgment  in  the  choice  of  snch  dishes  as 
suit  their  hAbits,  and  eat  sparingly  of 
each,  that  their  palate  may  be  ffently  ex- 
cited by  variety.  Those  are  the  gaeets 
who  are  the  best  dinner-table  talkers. 
And  here  we  take  the  liberty  of  present- 
ing a  precept  given  by  an  ancient  philo- 
sopher, whose  name  we  do  not  remem- 
ber, neither  is  it  of  conseonence,  that  the 
month  is  the  vestibule  of  tlie  soul,  the 
gate  of  discoaiisc,  the  portico  of  thought ; 
of  course  nothing  unclean  (of  course  un- 
palatable) should  go  in  or  come  out. 
To  this  we  beg  leave  to  add  that  nothing 
nndean  should  be  about  tlie  mouth,  that 
is,  if  napkins  are  to  be  had. 

It  b  time  to  bring  our  remarks  to  a 
close,  and  some  of  our  friends  may  tliink 
we  have  already  said  too  much.  But, 
exclusive  of  the  interest  we  take  in  what 
we  consider  an  essential  matter,  and 
even  at  the  risk  of  wearying  those 
whose  friendship  we  value,  we  shall 
throw  out  a  few  hints  on  what  we  con- 
ceive to  be  the  most  classical  mode  of 
forming  an  agreeable  dinner  party.  It 
should  consist  of  eiffht  or  nine — more 
would  require  a  parade  which  would  be 
tiresome;  in  this  number  ladies  must 
certainly  be  included.  Care  should  be 
taken  to  seat  the  guests  that  are  conge- 
nial to  each  other.  It  is  not  advisable 
to  talk  much  when  one  begins  to  oat. 
Each  person  is  placed  at  table  to  per- 
form a  service,  and  the  tin^t  course  has 
the  effect  to  give  an  idea  of  the  work  to 
come ;  then  the  guest  lias  time  for  rcllec- 
tion,  his  mind  becomes  composed,  after 
which  he  may  gradually  unfold  it.  If 
the  party  be  large,  con  vendition  can  be 
held  only  witli  the  |)erson  near  bv ;  if 
small,  it  may  be  made  general.  Don't 
touch  champagne  until  the  commence- 
ment of  the  second  course,  if  you  do  you 
will  l)e  gay  at  the  wrong  time.  Above 
all,  violent  emotions  should  bo  avoided 
in  the  earlv  stage  of  the  repast;  as  this 
pnxseeds,  hilarity  will  naturally  follow ; 
the  soul  as  well  as  body  will  exhibit  the 
effect  by  fresh  color  to  the  countenance, 
brightness  to  the  eyes,  and  lively  sallies, 
while  a  gentle  warmth  will  fiervade  tlie 
whole  system.  The  conversation  shonld 
be  on  the  common  topics  of  the  day, 
music,  poetry,  the  opera,  painting,  men, 
women,  and  books,  on  politics  verv  little. 
The  greatest  care  shonld  be  taken  to 
prevent  argumentation.  If  a  guest  feels 
iDclined  to  commit  this  misdemeanor, 


the  host  may  feel  justified  in  recommend- 
ing another  glass  of  brown  stout,  with 
another  piece  of  cheese.  The  party 
should  leave  the  table  all  together,  and 
take  coffee  in  the  drawing-room ;  when 
there,  individuals  may,  if  they  wish,  take 
each  other  aside  to  converse  on  any  spe- 
cial topic ;  there  will  always  be  a  few 
left  to  cliat  with  ladies,  who  wish  to 
talk  instead  of  reposing.  All  tliis  dis- 
plays, as  we  believe,  the  happy  moral 
and  physically  favorable  effect  of  a  good 
dinner,  with  a  choice  selection  of  guests. 
The  general  course  of  these  our  re- 
marks leads  us  to  the  thought  that  an 
essential  part  of  education  is  neglected 
in  this  city.  We  have  schools  where 
book-learning  is  poured  into  the  heads 
of  scholars  in  streams;  we  abound  iu 
lecturers,  who  treat  on  all  i)ossible  sub- 
jects ;  and  we  have  societies  for  the  en- 
couragement of  religion  and  morals, 
besides  a<tsociations  and  laws  to  teacli 
people  what  they  shall  drink  and  how 
much  thev  shall  drink.  How  is  it,  then, 
that  in  the  great  desire  to  ameliorate 
tlie  moral  and  physical  condition  of  our 
people,  no  society  has  been  formed  to 
regulate  their  eating?  Few  tilings  are 
more  needed.  Almost  all  men  eat  more 
than  they  ought ;  and  this  is  done  in  a 
hasty  manner.  In  the  midst  of  com- 
mercial  anxiety,  literary  irriution,  or 
moral  vexation,  a  man  will  sit  down  and 
eat  ravenously,  his  plate  filled  with  every 
variety  that  the  table  affords,  all  put  to- 
gether. The  next  day  he  feels  uneasy, 
aud  wonders  what  is  the  matter. 
In  a  month  or  two  our  gormandizer 
finds  he  has  the  dys|>e|>sia,  which  lingers 
about  him  for  years,  aud  affects  his  mmd. 
All  things  are  bright  when  you  have 
eaten  enough — they  are  gloomy  when 
you  have  eaten  too  much.  Now,  we 
cannot  but  believe  a  remedy  might  be 
applied  that  wonld  relieve  the  mind  and 
save  the  lives  of  many  of  our  suffering 
brethren.  AVe  abound  in  pure  philan- 
thropists :  let  them  lose  no  time  in  unit- 
ing for  the  purpose.  If  what  we  have 
written  shall  liave  tlie  effect  to  awaken 
them  to  the  perfonnance  (»f  this  act  of 
humanity,  we  shall  hail  tlie  bright  day, 
amply  recoini>ensed  for  our  labors  by 
seeing  our  disinterested  efforts  made  the 
means  of  teaching  the  ignorant,  enlight- 
ening  the  partially  instructed,  and  in- 
creasing the  oi\|oyiuent  of  a  large  portioa 
of  the  community. 


592 


[I>«c 


ISBAEL  POTTER;  OR,  FIFTY  YEARS  OF  EXILE. 


(OooUniMd  from  paf*  481.) 


OHAPTER  ZVIL 


TBBT   CAU.  AT  TBS  BA«L  OT  SILSUK'S;    AMD  AWltm* 
■  mSP-Or-WAM  DAJJU  . 


THE  RaDger  now  stood  over  the  Bol- 
way  Friui  fof  the  Scottish  shore,  and  at 
noon  on  the  same  day,  Paul,  with  twelve 
men,  including  two  officers  and  Israel, 
landed  on  St.  Mair's  Isle,  one  of  the 
seats  of  the  Earl  of  Selkirk. 

In  three  oonsecative  days  this  element- 
al warrior  either  entered  the  harbors,  or 
landed  on  'the  shores  of  each  of  the 
Three  Kingdoms. 

The  morning  was  &ir  and  dear.  St 
Mary^s  Isle  lay  shimmering  in  the  snn. 
The  light  crust  of  snow  had  melted,  re- 
vealing the  tender  grass  and  sweet  bnds 
of  spring  mantling  the  sides  of  the  clifib. 

At  once,  upon  advancing  with  his  party 
towards  the  house,  Paul  augured  ill  for 
his  project  from  the  loneliness  of  the 
spot.  No  being  was  seen.  But  cocking 
his  bonnet  at  a  jaunty  angle,  he  conti- 
nued his  way.  Stationing  the  men  si- 
lently round  about  the  iiouse,  followed 
by  Israel,  he  announced  his  presence  at 
the  porch. 

A  grey-headed  domestic  at  length  re- 
spondled. 

"Is  the  earl  within?" 

"He  is  in  Edinburgh,  sir." 

*'  Ah — sure? — Is  your  lady  witliin ?" 

"Yes,  sir — ^who  shall  I  say  it  isf 

"A  gentleman  who  calls  to  pay  his 
respects.    Here,  take  my  card." 

And  he  handed  the  man  his  name,  as 
a  private  gentleman,  superbly  engraved 
at  Paris,  on  gilded  paper. 

Israel  tarried  in  the  hall  while  the  old 
servant  led  Paul  into  a  parlor. 

Presently  the  lady  appeared. 

"Charming  Madame,  I  wish  you  a 
very  good  morning." 

"Who  may  it  be,  sir,  that  I  have  the 
happiness  to  see?"  said  the  lady,  censor- 
iously drawing  herself  up  at  the  too 
frank  gallantry  of  the  stranger. 

"Madame,  1  sent  you  my  card." 

"Which  leaves  me  equally  ignorant, 
sir,"  said  the  lady  ooldiy»  twirling  the 
gilded  pasteboard. 

"  A  courier  dispatched  to  Whitehaven, 
charming  Madame,  might  bring  you  more 
particular  tidings  as  to  who  has  the  ho- 
nor of  bdng  your  visitor." 
£^  2fot  oomprehending  what  this  meant, 


and  deeply  displeased,  if  not  vaguely 
alarmed  at  the  charactoridtic  manner  of 
Paul,  the  lady,  not  entirely  unembarras- 
sed, replied,  that  if  the  gentleman  came 
to  view  the  isle,  he  was  at  Hbertv  so  to 
do.  She  would  retire,  and  send  him  a 
guide. 

"  Countess  of  Selkirk,"  said  Paul,  ad- 
vancing a  st«p,  "  I  call  to  see  the  earl. 
On  business  of  urgent  importance,  I  call." 

"  The  earl  is  in  Edinburgh,"  uneadly 
responded  the  lady,  again  abont  to 
retire. 

"  Do  you  give  me  your  honor  as  a  lady 
that  it  is  as  you  say  ?" 

The  lady  looked  at  him  in  dubious 
resentment. 

"  Pardon,  Madame ;  I  would  not  light- 
ly impugn  a  lady's  lightest  word ;  but  I 
surmised  that,  possibly,  you  might  sus- 
pect the  object  of  my  call ;  in  which  case, 
it  would  be  the  most  excusable  thing  la 
the  world  for  you  to  seek  to  shelter  m>m 
my  knowledge  the  presence  of  the  earl 
on  the  isle." 

"  I  do  not  dream  what  you  mean  hy 
all  this,"  said  the  lady  with  decided 
alarm,  yet  even  in  Iier  panic  courageous- 
ly maintaining  her  dignity,  as  she  retired, 
rather  than  retreated,  nearer  the  door. 

"  Madame,"  said  Paul,  hereupon  wav- 
ing his  hand  imploringly,  and  then  ten- 
derly playing  with  his  bonnet  with  the 
golden  band,  while  an  expression  poetic- 
ally sad  and  sentimental  stole  over  Ids 
tawny  face ;  "it  cannot  be  too  poignant- 
ly lamented,  that  iu  the  profession  of 
arms,  the  officer  of  fine  feelings  and 
genuine  sensibility  should  be  sometimes 
necessitated  to  public  actions  which  his 
own  private  heart  cannot  approve.  This 
hard  case  is  mine.  The  earl,  Madame, 
you  say  is  absent. — I  believe  those  words. 
Far  be  it  from  my  soul,  enchantress,  to 
ascribe  a  fault  to  syllables  which  have 
proceeded  from  so  feultless  a  source." 

This  probably  he  said  in  reference  to 
the  lady's  mouth,  which  was  beaatiful 
in  the  extreme. 

He  bowed  very  lowly,  while  the  lady 
eyed  him  with  confficting  and  troubled 
emotions,  but  as  yet  all  in  darkness  as  to 
his  ultimate  meaning.  But  her  more 
immediate  alarm  had  subsided;  seeing 
now,  that  the  sailor-like  extravagance 
of  Paul's  homage  was  enUrely  noaooom- 
panied  with  any  touch  of  intentioiUkL  du- 


/trw/  FQttff;  Qf,  Firy  Ftari  of  Jr^^ift. 


§M 


jiadta  Wire  iiiir.^iL  hfLHifiillv  dcCerftiitMl. 


PAlii 

iMine^r 

-:  dm  9ok  ob* 

joct  uf  ItlV 

ou  uut  labor  tinder 

tiielvjSfii  hj', 

..  vrhvix  I  uow  id- 

»4m  offjcu^  hi  tf.. 

lii, 

'       the 

[-• 

^&i' 

J'^ 

^..^lr 

4^* 

in- 

It 

-ai, 

tr 

!    to 

hi-'^     "V      

— ■    - -■-   .iMv 

hdy  before  mc,  as  well  oji  to  iuavo  kcr 

domeettG  trauquillttir  utiluiiiuiri'rl/' 
*Hlari  jf^Q  r«u!l>  ^|.  s^iid  the 

*'M:i  >oui'  witiJaw  you 

wllUi<  j'  of  llio  AiiK'rioftri 

hflvo  ti^i;  hoti«ir  lij  eiirunmiid.      VViUi  my 
0.1 

4  to  iu>lic#  thifl  Parynn 
i^u.  :,    -.,   m%wl^  to  d<>  fo,   Uici 


in  ttiii«  tlmuk^ 

tv;     But  d*>- 

.   Piiul   bowed 


flai^ 


ludr,  in 

itiAiiiir  Ui  futrttik^ 
k^yt  bn  do[ni  r 
r   Wf  biiii  f(>r 

dining  ih' 

lliric*?,  nfid  Ti, 

cmpod  on  U^p, 

*  *      '     fik0  afK«wt«'r  pUttcr  tit: ' 
fit  iplAia  PnuL'' 

^o.J  ,.*.<jy  do,  fiiy  Ibti;  bji  t 
dormf  tl,  ib«  (4d  oiick  ht^  iUwu ; 
•        >.  K^      AWjcuider  Selkirk, 

tou  nn-4Ui.      N^^f  Wlf  bu\  not  <jq   th<$ 
laio  of  Kt>  MaryV ;  b«V  zt^  a)  ulF«  a  h<^r* 
>  mil,  c»n  die  Islu  of  Juan  Ffoaodoi^iUft 

iQuru**  thii  \t\iy  ;  c^im***" 
III  tin  i]434iflDtef«d  IJao  iw0 

ih;  -^    -   -  rtMag  r»- 

III 

tbttwooilim. 
[rilli^f  la  be  1 


*« 


*^  SltAine.     1  diougUi  vta  w«re  iltFf« 

genUomi?n,'* 

**8i.>w%'  tlte  Trij/li;*!]  oflicen  iQ  Ame- 
rica; lu  vfft  to  plate 
whi»nevi:  it  Ltjepnirtt.te 
houses  (if  ib<^  t^uttiiy." 

**CtJin«,  nnv,\  tit  it^  hr^  sUnrlerom^" 
ittid?4ul;  *  r  -ait  of 

ar#  bill  om>  tK  V,  mere 

bur-  '  ry»  «»- 

iUK  ruii«j  to 

Iht'ir  ;iiM?4th3it^  U-1MI4\      ihO".  ;eii 

of  li<>n*jr-** 

^*C«i(>yua  PnnI  Jonca,''  n?'|M.iiMvu  liio 
twu,  *'  wc  huvo .  nal  iMitiii?  un  iiiia  iiupe* 
dldan  in  ni licit  «Sp«orayt»u  uf  regular 
pay;  but  w«  did  rdy  uptin  bpnorobie 
plunder/ * 

*'  Honorikble  plundtjr  t  That'it  iom«- 
tbbg  now/* 

liul  ibe  officers  were  tiot  tti  be  tnriied 
aaidc^,  Tbtfy  wfre  tbo  aiOiit  aflldeat  in 
the  ablp,  6e«iDg  tbeui  f««oiuUp^  Paul,  for 
fear  of  inoc' Eliding  Ibctn,  wad  at  la^t,  afl  n 
tiuitt«r  of  policy,  obligixl  la  (sainply. 
Fur  liiiiLii^U!,  buwerer,  lit  retolved  tu 
bavr  -  "\  q  to  da  with  the  atfiilr. 
Clt^  ^jflkem  not  Ui  allow  ibonieti 

U}  *.i.Lv.  LM1-  Uooae  oo  any  prek*uce,  and 
Uiai  ijii  mjjLTcb  inusi  be  tnadet  t^ud  jioiJan^ 
niuii  bo  tttk^n  away,  ef<H*pt  wl^ir  tI>4< 
Iftily  sh<iuld  oft^  ilwtn  Uticm  ». 
known  ibdr  detnand,  b^  iKKiktH, 
hmntl  mid  retired  iudi^'nauiiy  townrdti 
the  beach.  Ufion  laoond  tltgnghtj»,  he 
dlftpa teheed  Isfstl  hmeki  to  eni^  this 
houtm  nidi  lUe  O0ME«,  aa  Joint  roceiv^r 
uf  tha  plasct  h9  hdng^  <n  pottrse,  the 
tnofit  roUable  nf  the  Maisifin. 

The  Ti '  1 1 1  tie  dijMxm^artvd 

on  reo«i  Wtthooultlo- 

t43noinainirj  '  ■  -n    thdr 

pi)rptj»e*     Ti'  Tbi? 

btr  irtioki 

,.. .  ,  ,  j.-<itnd  itt  th^ 

l.>r  in  the  |  ■-•(  Uie  o^oeri  and 


go   .  rry  tlii» 

tniik*jjiuiii. ' 

Hnf,  Mri*w|!  ity,  ur 

roL*i  *iu    kiit'tt'   liot   wbich'— th© 

but  ti  diid«^n  aL  hrmVt  rc- 

po:  w«U  m  bladi  aa 

a  t!  <»  fononil  ktaoll 

par  4  tiikv«i»  aa  ha  rhiwail 

Lhiii"*    .  1   ^"v*^   i»**li.t^ms9,      la   A 

qoarttfr  >  ^'n  lofl  Ui* 

hou»c,  *  Ji.   .,     ., 
At  this  fforoh  thi*y  w«r^  m^  h%  ^t^ 


604 


Israel  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


[Dec. 


cheeked,  spiteful-looking  lass,  who,  with 
her  bravo  lady's  compliments,  added  two 
child's  rattles  of  silver  and  coral  to  their 
load. 

Now,  one  of  the  officers  was  a  French- 
man, the  other  a  Spaniard. 

The  Spaniard  dashed  his  rattle  indig- 
nantly to  the  gronnd.  The  Frenchman 
took  his  very  pleasantly,  and  kissed  it, 
saying  to  the  girl  that  he  would  long  pre- 
serve the  coral,  as  a  memento  of  her 
rosy  cheeks. 

When  the  party  arrived  on  the  beach, 
they  found  Captain  Paul  writing  with 
pencil  on  paper  held  up  against  the 
smooth  tableted  side  of  the  cliff.  Next 
moment  he  seemed  to  be  making  his  sig- 
nature. With  a  reproachful  glance  to- 
wards the  two  officers,  he  handed  the 
slip  to  Israel,  bidding  him  hasten  imme- 
diately with  it  to  the  house  and  place  it 
in  Lady  Selkirk's  own  hands. 

The  note  was  as  follows : — 

"  Madamb, — 
"  After  so  courteous  a  reception,  I  am 
disturbed  to  make  you  no  better  return 
than  yon  have  just  experienced  from 
the  actions  of  certain  persons  under  my 
command.  Actions,  lady,  wliich  my 
profession  of  arms  obliges  mo  not  only 
to  brook,  but,  in  a  measure,  to  counte- 
nance. From  the  bottom  of  my  heart, 
my  dear  lady,  I  deplore  this  most  melan- 
choly necessity  of  my  delicate  position. 
However  unhandsome  the  desire  of  these 
men,  some  compkdsance  seemed  due 
them  from  me,  for  their  general  good 
conduct  and  bravery  on  former  occasions. 
I  had  but  an  instant  to  consider.  I  trust, 
that  in  unavoidably  gratifying  them,  I 
have  inflicted  less  injury  on  your  lady- 
ship's property  than  I  have  on  my  own 
bleeding  sensibilities.  But  my  heart  will 
not  allow  me  to  say  more.  Permit  me 
to  assure  you,  dear  lady,  that  when  the 
plate  is  sold,  I  shall,  at  all  hazard?,  be- 
come the  purchaser,  and  will  be  proud 
to  restore  it  to  you,  by  such  conveyance 
as  you  may  hereafter  see  fit  to  appoint. 

**  From  hence  I  go,  Madame,  to  engage, 
to-morrow  morning,  his  migesty's  ship 
Drake,  of  *  twenty  guns,  now  lying  at 
Carrickfergus.  I  should  meet  the  enemy 
with  more  than  wonted  resolution,  could 
I  flatter  myself  that,  through  this  un- 
handsome conduct  on  the  part  of  my 
officers,  I  lie  not  under  the  disesteem  of 
the  sweet  lady  of  the  Isle  of  St.  Mary's. 
But  unconquerable  as  Mars  should  I  be, 
coald  I  but  dare  to  dream,  that  in  some 
green  retreat  of  her  charming  domiLYu^ 


the  Countes  of  Selkirk  offers  up  a  chari- 
table prayer  for,  my  dear  lady  countess, 
one,  who  coming  to  take  a  ciq>tire,  him- 
self has  been  captivated. 

"  Your  ladyship's  adoring  enemy, 
"John  Paul  JoinB." 

How  the  lady  received  this  super-ar-  ' 
dent  note,  history  does  not  relate.  But  j 
history  has  not  omitted  to  record,  that 
after  the  return  of  the  Ranger  to  France, 
through  the  assiduous  efforts  of  Paul  in 
buying  up  the  booty,  piece  by  piece, 
from  the  clutches  of  those  among  whom 
it  had  been  divided,  and  not  without  a 
pecuniary  private  loss  to  himself,  equal 
to  the  total  value  of  the  plunder,  the 
plate  was  punctually  restored,  even  to 
the  silver  heads  of  two  pepper-boxes; 
and,  not  only  this,  but  the  earl,  hearing 
all  the  particulars,  magnanimously  wrote 
Paul  a  letter,  expressing  thanks  for  his 
politeness.  In  the  opinion  of  the  noble 
carl,  Paul  was  a  man  of  honor.  It  were 
rash  to  differ  in  opinion  with  such  high- 
born authority. 

Upon  returning  to  the  ship,  she  was 
instantly  pointed  over  towards  the  Irish 
coast.  Next  morning  Carrickfergus  was 
in  sight.  Paul  would  have  gone  straight 
in ;  but  Israel,  reconnoitering  with  his 
glass,  informed  him  that  a  large  ship, 
probably  the  Drake,  was  just  coming  out. 

"What  think  you,  Israel,  do  they 
know  who.  we  are  ?  Let  me  have  the 
glass." 

'•  They  are  dropping  a  boat  now  ar," 
replied  Israel,  removing  the  glass  from 
his  eye,  and  handing  it  to  Paul. 

"So  they  are— so  they  are.  They 
don't  know  us.  PU  decoy  that  boat 
alongside.  Quick — they  are  coming  for 
us — take  the  helm  now  yourself,  my 
lion,  and  keep  the  ship's  stem  steadily  pre- 
sented towards  the  advancing  boat 
Don't  let  them  have  the  least  peep  at 
our  broadside." 

The  boat  came  on;  an  officer  in  its 
bow  all  the  time  eyeing  the  Ranger 
through  a  glass.  Presently  the  boat  was 
within  hail. 

"  Ship  ahoy  I    Who  are  you  ?" 

"  Oh,  come  alongside,"  answered  Paul 
through  his  trumpet,  in  a  rapid  off-hand 
tone,  as  though  he  were  a  gruff  sort  of 
friend,  impatient  at  being  suspected  for 
a  foe. 

In  a  few  moments  the  officer  of  the 
boat  stepped  into  the  Banger-s  Mngway. 
Cooking  his  bonnet  gaUantly,  Paul  ad- 
yanoed  towards  him,  maldiig  »  Terj  po- 
lite bo  w^  saying:   ''Good  morning,  air, 


1854.] 


Itnul  PoiUr;  or^  Fifty  Years  of  Exile. 


595 


sood  morning;  delighted  to  see  yon. 
niAt^s  a  pretty  sword  yon  have ;  pray, 
let  me  look  at  it.'* 

"  I  see,**  said  the  officer,  glancing  at 
the  ship's  armament,  and  turning  pale. 
'^I  am  your  prisoner." 

"Ko— my  guest,*'  responded  Paul, 
winningly.  **Pray,  let  me  relieve  you 
of  your — ^your— cane.** 

1  hus  humorously  he  received  the  offi- 
cer's delivered  sword. 

**Now  tell  me,  sir,  if  you  plcaKe,**  he 
continued ;  ^^  what  brings  out  his  miges- 
ty*8  ship  Drake,  this  fine  morning?  Go- 
ing a  little  airing  f* 

*'  She  comes  out  in  search  of  you ;  but 
when  I  left  her  side  half  an  hour  since, 
•he  did  not  know  that  the  sliip  off  the 
harbor  was  the  one  she  sought.** 

"  You  had  news  from  Whitehaven,  1 
suppose,  last  night,  eh  ?'* 

*^Aye:  express;  saying  that  certain 
incendiaries  had  landed  there  early  that 
nuNrning.*' 

"  What  ? — what  sort  of  men  were  they, 
did  you  Ray  ?'*  said  Paul,  shaking  his 
■bonnet  fiercely  to  one  side  of  his  head, 
and  corning  cIojh)  to  the  officer.  ^^  Par- 
don mc,*^  he  added  derisively,  ^^I  hail 
forgot;  you  are  my  ffuest,  Itiracl,  f^*o 
the  unfortunate  gentleman  below,  and 
his  men  forward.'* 

Tlie  Drake  was  now  seen  slowly  com- 
ing out  under  a  light  air,  attended  by 
fire  small  pleasure- vemels,  decorated 
with  flogs  and  streamers,  and  full  of 
ffaily-dres:(ed  people,  whom  motives  sinii- 
hr  to  those  which  draw  visitors  to  the 
eircus,  had  induced  to  embark  on  their 
adventurous  trip.  But  they  little 
drearoe^l  how  nigh  the  desperate  enemy 
was. 

'*  Dn>]>  the  captured  boat  attorn,**  said 
Paul ;  ''MH3  what  efiect  that  will  have  on 
thofio  merry  voyagen*." 

No  KMiUvr  wort  the  empty  boat  dcM^ried 
by  the  pleaHure-vessvK  than  forthwith 
tunnising  the  truth,  thvy  with  all  dili- 
gence turned  abuiit  and  re-ontored  the 
harbor.  Shortly  after,  alarm-smokes 
were  seen  extending  along  both  bides  of 
the  channel. 

*^They  nmoko  us  at  last.  Captain 
Paul,"  haid  Israel. 

**  There  will  be  more  smoke  yet  lieforo 
the  day  is  done,"  ropliud  Paul  gravely. 

Tlic  wind  was  right  under  the  land  ; 
the  tide  unfavorable.  The  Drake  worked 
ont  very  slowly. 

Meantime,  like  some  fiery-hcate<l  du- 
ellist calling  on  urgent  business  at  fn>sty 
daybreak,  aud  long  kept  waiting  at  the 


door  by  the  dilatoriness  of  his  antagonist 
shrinking  at  tiie  idea  of  getting  up  to  bo 
cut  to  pieces  in  the  cold, — tlie  Ranger, 
witli  a  better  breeze,  impatiently  tacked 
to  and  fro  in  tlie  channel.  At  last,  when 
the  English  vessel  had  fairly  weathered 
the  point,  Paul,  ranging  ahead,  courte- 
ously led  her  forth,  as  a  beau  might  n 
belle  in  a  ball-room — to  mid-channel, 
and  then  (iuflfered  her  to  come  within 
hail. 

"  She  is  hoisting  her  colors  now,  sir," 
said  Israel. 

^'  Give  her  tlie  stars  and  stripes,  then, 
my  lad." 

Joyfully  running  to  the  locker,  Israel 
attache<l  the  flag  to  the  halyards.  The 
wind  fre:shene<l.  He  stood  elevated. 
The  bright  flog  blew  around  him,  a  glo- 
rified shroud,  enveloping  him  in  its  red 
ribbons  aud  spangles,  like  upspringing 
tongues,  and  sparkles  of  flame. 

As  the  colors  rose  to  their  final  perch, 
and  streamed  in  the  air,  Paul  eyed  them 
exultingly. 

^^  I  first  hoiste<l  that  flog  on  an  Amer- 
ican sldp,  and  was  the  first  among  men 
to  get  it  saluted.  If  I  perish  this  night, 
the  name  of  Paul  Jones  siiall  live.  Hiu*k ! 
they  hail  us." 

"  What  ship  are  you  !'• 

"  Your  enemy.  Come  on  I  What 
wants  the  fellow  of  more  prefaces  and 
introductions  ?" 

The  sun  was  now  calmly  setting  over 
the  green  land  of  Ireland.  Tlie  skv  was 
Hjrene;  the  sea  smooth;  the  wind  just 
sufficient  to  waft  the  two  vessels  steadily 
and  gently.  At\er  the  firht  firing,  and  a 
little  mano^uveriiig,  the  two  shi|»s  glideil 
on  freely,  siilo  by  side;  in  that  mild  air 
exchanging  tlieir  deadly  broadsides,  like 
two  friendly  horsemen  walking  their 
steeds  along  a  plain,  chatting  as  they  go. 
After  an  hour  of  this  running  fight,  the 
conversation  endoil.  The  Drake  struck. 
How  change<l  from  the  big  croft  of  sixty 
short  minutes  before !  She  seemed  now, 
aliove  deck,  like  a  piece  of  wild  western 
woodland  into  whicli  choppers  had  been. 
Uer  masts  and  yards  pnMtrate,  and 
hanging  in  jack-straws ;  several  of  her 
tails  balUKining  out,  as  they  dragged  in 
the  sea,  like  great  lopi)ed  tojm  of  foliage. 
The  black  hull  and  shattered  stumps  of 
masts,  galled  and  riddle<i,  h Hiked  as  if 
gigantic  woodpeckers  had  been  tapping 
them. 

The  Drake  was  the  Urger  ship ;  more 
cannon ;  more  men.  Her  loss  in  kille<l 
and  wounded  was  far  the  greater.  Uer 
bravo  captain  and  lieutenant  were  mar- 


596 


Isrwl  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Yean  tf  EtUe. 


[D«e. 


tally  wounded.  Tho  former  died  as  the 
prize  was  boarded ;  the  latter,  two  days 
after. 

It  was  twilight;  the  weather  still  se- 
vere. No  cannonade,  nought  that  mad 
man  can  do,  molests  the  stoical  iinper- 
tarbability  of  nature,  when  natnre 
chooses  to  be  still.  This  weather,  hold- 
ing on  all  through  the  following  day, 
greatly  facilitated  the  refitting  of  the 
sliips.  Tliat  done,  tho  two  vessels,  sail- 
ing round  the  north  of  Ireland,  steered 
towards  Brest.  They  were  repeatedly 
chased  by  English  cruisers;  hut  safolv 
reached  their  anhcorage  in  the  French 
waters. 

"A  pretty  fair  four  weeks'  yachting, 
gentlemen,"  said  Paul  Jones,  as  the 
Kanger  swung  to  her  cable,  while  some 
French  officers  boarded  her.  "  I  bring 
two  travellers  with  me,  gentlemen,"  lie 
continued.  "  Allow  me  to  introduce  you 
to  my  particular  friend,  Israel  Potter, 
late  of  North  America ;  and  <dso  to  his 
Britannic  ADyesty's  ship,  Drake,  late  of 
Oarrickfergus,  Ireland." 

This  cruise  made  loud  fame  for  Paul, 
especially  at  tlio  court  of  France,  whose 
king  sent  Paul  a  sword  and  a  medal. 
But  poor  Israel,  who  also  had  conquered 
a  crafty  and  all  unaided  too — what  had 
he? 


CHAPTER  XVni. 
TB*  Mxmanox  that  bailed  fbom  anon. 

Thbes  months  after  anchoring  at 
Brest,  through  Dr.  Franklin's  negotia- 
tions with  the  French  king,  backed  by 
the  bestirring  ardor  of  Paul,  a  squadron 
of  nine  vessels  of  various  force  were 
ready  in  tho  road  of  Groix  for  another 
descent  on  the  British  coasts.  These 
craft  were  miscellaneously  picked  up; 
their  crews  a  mongrel  pack ;  the  officers 
mostly  French,  unacquainted  with  each 
other,  and  secretly  jealous  of  Paul.  Tho 
expedition  was  full  of  the  elements  of 
iDSubordipation  and  failure.  Much  bit- 
terness and  agony  resulted  to  a  spirit 
like  Paul's.  But  he  bore  up ;  and  though 
in  many  particulars  the  sequel  more  than 
warranted  his  misgivings,  his  soul  still 
refused  to  surrender. 

The  career  of  this  stubborn  adventurer 
signally  illustrates  the  iden,  that  since 
alT  human  affairs  are  subject  to  organic 
disorder ;  since  they  are  created  in,  and 
tustained  by,  a  sort  of  half-disciplined 
ofaaos;  hence,  he  who  in  great  things 
foooeat,   must   never  wait  for 


smooth  water;  which  never  was,  and 
never  will  be ;  but  with  what  Btraggliog 
method  he  can.  dash  with  all  bis  de- 
rangements at  his  object,  leaving  the  rest 
to  Fortune. 

Tliough  nominally  commander  of  the 
squadron,  Paul  was  not  so  in  effect 
Mast  of  his  captains  conceitedly  claimed 
independent  commands.  One  of  them  in 
the  end  proved  a  traitor  ontright ;  few 
of  the  rest  were  reliable. 

As  for  the  ships,  that  commanded  by 
Panl  in  person  will  be  a  good  example 
of  the  fleet.  8he  was  an  old  Indiaman, 
clumsy  and  crank,  smelling  strongly  of 
the  savor  of  tea,  cloves,  and  arradc,  the 
cargoes  of  fonner  voyages.  Even  at  that 
day,  she  was,  from  her  venerable  gro- 
tesquenesa,  what  a  cocked  hat  is,  at  the 
present  age,  among  ordinarv  beavers. 
Her  elephantine  balk  was  hondahed  with 
a  castellated  poop  like  the  leaning  tower 
of  Pisa.  Poor  Israel,  standing  on  the 
top  of  this  poop,  spy-glass  at  his  eye, 
looked  more  an  astronomer  than  a  mari- 
ner ;  having  to  do,  not  with  the  moan- 
tains  of  the  billows,  bat  the  moantains 
in  the  moon.  Galileo  onFiesole.  She 
was  originally  a  single-decked  ship ;  that 
is,  carried  her  armament  on  one  gno- 
deck.  But  cutting  ports  below,  in  her 
after  part,  Paul  rammed  oat  there  nz 
old  eighteen  pounders,  whose  rasty  muz- 
zles peered  just  above  the  water-line,  like 
a  parcel  of  dirty  mulattoes  from  a  oellar- 
way.  Uer  name  was  theDaras;  but, 
ere  sailing,  it  was  dianged  to  that  o^er 
appellation,  whereby  this  sad  old  hulk 
became  afterwards  immortal.  Thoogh 
it  is  not  unknown,  that  a  compliment  to 
Doctor  Franklin  was  involved  in  this 
change  of  titles,  yet  the  secret  hiatoiy 
of  the  affair  will  now  for  the  first  time 
be  disclosed. 

It  was  evening  in  the  road  of  Groix. 
After  a  fagging  day's  work,  trying  to 
conciliate  the  hostile  Jealousy  of  Ui 
ofiicers,  and  provide,  in  the  face  of  end- 
less obstacles  (for  he  had  to  danoe  attend- 
ance on  scores  of  intriguing  fiacton 
and  brokers  ashore)  the  requidte  stores 
for  the  fleet,  Paul  sat  in  his  cabin  in  a 
half  despondent  reverie;  while  Israel, 
cross-legged  at  his  commander's  feet,  wis 
patching  up  some  old  ngnals. 

*^  Captain  PanW  doirt  like  our  ship*8 
name. — ^Duras?  What's  that  mean?— 
Dnras?  Being  cribbed  up  in  a  thin 
named  Duras !  a  sort  of  makes  one  ftd 
as  if  he  were  in  daranoe  vile.** 

"  Gad,  I  never  thought  of  that  beibit, 
my  Hon.    I>ara»— -Dnranoe  tUa.    I  ii^ 


Itmfi  Potter*  or,  /T/F|f  JVeiri  ^  Emii, 


I 


I 


paM  lt*«  PupemtiUchit,  but  111  cb4ng«  h. 
Giimc,  Yo{U»w*tiuiii^,  wliAt  AhflU  we  cull 
berr 

*    *     "    "'iptftin  Pmtjl,  don't  you  lIVo 
D-  lUtj?      Ho-^n't  ho  been  tlid 

Lut'#  call  h* '  '. 

••Oil  fio^  tl.n.  nn. f. ...,., J  declnre 

btm  jti»t  Hi  prt**«ii  t ;  uti*!  PtMir  RiohArd 
mnstu  to  b«a  tiiUti  ahndy  iti  tbti  boai* 


I 


•*  Poor  Uk^hard  I— cdl  her  Poor  Rich- 
ftttJ,  tliMj,"*  crtcil  Isndi  fodfleQlj  struck 
by  tlie  M«ft. 

*^  dttd,  j<ni  hflvo  It,^  Misworod  Faq!, 
•{iHn^n^  In  ht»  li>et,  as  all  tn^  of  Jilm 
iovi  mdmiQy  Mk  htm; — **  Poor 

Ht'  i  be  tbe  nnni(^  in  fionor  to 

«jivin^,  tbat  *Oo4|  helps  thorn  thnt 
tllefH*elFe»/  t»  I*Of>r  KioiiiiTtl  Miys.'* 

V     .-  ,  I  T^  ,1,^  yj^  ^^  ^l,^  (j,^  f^Q 

to  tbe  Bon  JSmum  Mtkkard; 

for  ..  ». -^i^  Ju«iiifid  idvi«abl«  to  hmrn  a 
FMek  mti6fming  of  the  new  iit](>,  It  ti- 
varticd  !tj€  above  fornu 

/^  w  afl«r,  lb«  §mm  mileKL 

y  cAptiUned  WTeftl  T^tttls; 

Mm  of  tlip  sqtjjvlron  pfOTlng 

V  61114  tciuk  >^o  di'pkirablo  ft 

r^iil,  for  the    prc^Ql,  wfti 

return   to  Grwix*      Luckily 

■vmrds  nf  n  htm- 

^cl]:i!ip'<:  -iTiierK^an  wnuitti^  wbo 

t  to  »  uma  enlktod  uud^r  th«  fla^ 

_  of  the  foroei,  lh<^  old 

ronsuriji  9n!^tibor<]i  n 

Ucfu  HorntrRt   I  m  N 

fb^ixid   hiOi^U^  iu  viobnt  eturiui 
qi  o^    t^   rnilEvd    fotitbetuiicm 
of  Beotlftud.witii  otdjr  two  er^oxn- 
pmi^ioff  ftbip#      linf  ni»ith*r  tU»*  mnltox 
of  hi«  flofttf  iiQc  tb'"  "  Hj 

mAile  liiru  fill  tor  .  iv^ 

ftt  ibU  crUi-,  : 
log  of  all  bi> 

tb**F.rt 

i»f  >^ 

(btin  iliiit  04iintAj>     li« 

at  l^tJi,  ana  lay  it  tun 

or  in  a»be«*    U^  oalkU  ik^  ^uuin*  tit 

hW  twn  n^ffiahiiftf  fr^rtporta  on  boarfl  hu 

owT>  d«taila,      Thoie 

wn;  T  ttftlflhyii*  nttoark 

t^i  ''■  "  '         '      !n;*: 

fll'i-  .1- 


a   t  tJO   t|l<>«l  Ulir' 


.  .:.*i.a     «2,.„ 


Tt 


addreHalng  th^r  cupidity,  a«!ii^v«d  that 

wblcb  skI\  aprrtJuU  to  their  gal bm try  codd 
not  acrotnpli.^h.  lie  prodniroed  the 
grand  prixe  of  Hif  Ltritlt  ktt^r}'  at  no 
]m$n  Dgui^  tUau  £200,000;  that  b^itig 
nftmed  m  the  rnnHirn.  Enough:  tlio 
thfoe  abipi  entered  tlic  Fir  tin  boldly  and 
frtely,  m  if  oti-ryitig  Quakers  to  ii  Ftmce- 
Conffrc««* 

Aloiicr  both  fit tirtl till  fi?Miin«*  iLi;  paniO 
of  th.  -lera. 

This  '  ^  long 

bun  fitf  auU  iiti,  that  riijiiu  ilimbUsd  tboy 
were  lixi  by  ibo  nadacioaB  vikiti|?»  Paul 
J  oat's.  At  live  o^clock,  on  the  following 
nioniirtg,  tbt?y  were  di.^tinctly  fteen  frotji 
tho  capital  of  Boot  1  and ^  qniotly  tailing 
np  tlje  bay.  Biitt«ries  wero  hnstUy 
thrown  np  at  Iv^ifh,  arui»  wor«  obt'imeJ 
from  the  cmlh  at  Edinburgb,  aluriu 
fin?s  weri3  kindlv*d  in  idl  dir*K!tians«,  Yet 
wlrh  Eiich  traumiillitf  of  e^rontei^y  did 
Pnn)  conduct  nU  fthlpHi  oonoealiag  ifl 
mu^b  OS  iH^mble  their  warliko  ohftnotti^ 
tbat  mora  thnn  ouoe  bla  vfflssla  wtrt 
mifi taken  for  ineFGhaittiueiit  and  haikd 
by  pnaiitng  ships  m  sneh* 

In  tht  after  uoon,  I«ra«l,  at  bia  fi  tat  ton 
on  tJie  t^wer  nf  Pba,  rt?f>ortifd  a  J>oat  with 
fi vo  T 1  'r  off  i^  th^  Kicbard  from 

tb©  i  :i\ 

"ihiy  hrivo  hot  oat-oakta  ton  n%** 
*^iihl  Patilf  ^^  bt  *em  oona*.  To  eoooorage 
tbern,  »bow  rbifiii  ibo  EagUah  ensign, 
Ijsurafc!,  iny  lad,^' 

Boon  the  boat  wtt*  "i-^-^ifV, 

**  Widl,  iny  ^iKn]  hat  can  I 

do  for  you  thts  ntt  ,  ._  i^nJd  Pani, 
Ifjinirig  ov(,T  the  Mis  with  n  paU^onl^ng 
air. 

^^Why,  captain,  wo  eomo  fhjin  tbt 
I^rd  of  Croknrky,  who  wants  fcmo 
powder  and  hnU  for  bb  tnotiey.*^ 

*^Wbat  would  von  witli  powder  and 
bull,  pray  r 

''Uhl  bnven^t  ron  beard  that  tbftt 
blo<Kiy  ptn.      '*    ^bjae!»,  bi  aomiwbm 


vay  witti  jm;  yo  don*t  want  o^y 

'•  V  liU'l  hill]  1.1  i-iK'v^  biin.     He  wftnit 

4  lead.     Vm- 

-,  I  say." 

''^n\\  *  ixlar^d  na 

not  to  roll.  4[}d  ball. 

Bat,  bore  U  Lho  i^^i^ii^*     It  niay  Im  tlio 

takinit  of  iho  bloody  pirate,  if  yo»i  kl 

urn  ha  Hilt/' 

**\.  .*rakeg;'aaldPiwil 

laafhni|.%  imi  vn  riiuiog  bk  order  bf  ^ 


508 


Israel  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Years  of  IlxiU. 


[Dee. 


sly  whisper  to  Israel ;  "Oh,  put  np  your 
prioe,  it's  a  gift  to  yo." 

"  But  ball,  captain,  what's  the  nso  of 
powder  without  ball  ?"  roared  one  of  the 
fellows  from  the  boat's  bow,  as  the  keg 
was  lowered  in.     "  We  want  ball." 

^*  Bless  my  soul,  you  bawl  loud  enough 
as  it  is.  Away  with  ye,  with  what  you 
have.  Look  to  your  keg,  and  hark  ye, 
if  ye  catch  that  villain,  Paul  Jones,  give 
him  no  quarter." 

**  Hut,  captain,  here,"  shouted  one  of 
tlie  boatmen,  "  There's  a  mistake.  This 
is  a  keg  of  pickles,  not  powder.  Look," 
and  poking  into  the  bung -hole,  he 
drn;rged  out  a  green  cucumber  dripping 
with  briue.  "  Take  this  back,  and  give 
us  the  powder." 

"  Pooh,"  said  Paul,  "  the  powder  is  at 
the  botU)m,  pickled  powder,  best  way 
to  keep  it.  Away  with  ye,  now,  and 
after  that  bloody  embezzler,  Paul  Jones." 

This  was  Sunday.  The  ships  held  on. 
During  the  afternoon,  a  long  tack  of  the 
Kichard  brought  her  close  towards  the 
shores  of  Fife,  near  the  thriving  little 
port  of  Kirkaldy. 

♦There's  a  gseat  crowd  on  the  beach, 
captain  Paul,"  said  Israel,  looking  through 
his  glass.  "There  seems  to  be  an  old 
woman  standing  on  a  fish-barrel  there, 
a  sort  of  selling  things  at  auction,  to  the 
people,  but  I  can't  bo  certain  yet." 

"  Let  me  see,"  said  Paul,  faking  the 
glass  as  they  came  nigher.  "  Sure  enough, 
it's  an  old  lady — an  old  quack-doctresp, 
seems  to  me,  in  a  black  gown,  too.  I 
must  hail  her." 

Ordering  the  ship  to  bo  kept  on  to- 
wards the  port,  he  shortened  i-ail  within 
easy  distance,  so  as  to  glide  slowly  by, 
and  seizing  the  trumpet,  thus  spoke : — 

"  Old  lady,  nhoy  I  What  are  you  talk- 
ing about  ?    What's  your  text  ?" 

"  The  righteous  shall  rejoice  when  he 
seeth  the  vengeance.  He  shall  wash  his 
feet  in  the  blood  of  the  wicked." 

"  Ah,  what  a  Inck  of  charity.  Now 
hear  mine; — God  helpeth  them  tliat 
help  themselves,  as  Poor  Richard  says." 

"Reprobate  pirate,  a  gale  shall  yet 
come,  to  drive  tb^  iu  wrecks  from  our 
waters." 

"  The  strong  wind  of  your  hate  fills 
my  sails  well.  Adieu,"  waving  his  bon- 
net— "  tell  us  the  rest  at  Leith." 

Next  morning  the  shins  were  almost 
within  cannon-shot  of  the  town.  The 
men  to  be  landed  were  in  the  boats. 
Israel  had  the  tiller  of  the  foremost  one, 
waiting  for  his  oommander  to  enter, 
when  Jnst  as  Paul's  foot  was  on  the 


gangway,  a  sudden  squall  struck  all  three 
siiips,  dashing  the  boats  against  them, 
and  creating  indiscribable  confusion. 
The  squall  ended  in  a  yiolent  gale.  Get- 
ting his  men  on  board  with  all  dispatch, 
Paul  essayed  his  best  to  withstand  the 
fury  of  the  wind ;  but  it  blew  adversely, 
and  with  redoubled  power.  A  ship  as 
a  distance  went  down  beneath  it  The 
disappointed  invader  was  obliged  to  turn 
before  the  gale,  and  renounce  his  project. 

To  tills  hour,  on  the  shores  of  the 
FirUi  of  Forth,  it  is  the  popular  persua- 
sion, tliat  the  Rev.  Mr.  Shirrer's,  of 
Kirkaldy,  powerful  intercession,  was  the 
direct  cause  of  the  elemental  repulse 
experienced  off  the  endangered  harbor  of 
I^eith. 

Through  the  ill  qualities  of  Paul's  asso- 
ciate captains:  their  timidity,  incapable  of 
keeping  pace  with  his  daring ;  their  jea- 
lousy, blind  to  his  superiority  to  rivalship 
— together  with  the  general  reduction  of 
his  force,  now  reduced,  bv  desertion,  from 
nine  to  three  ships;  and  last  of  aU,  the 
enmity  of  seas  and  winds,  the  invader, 
driven,  not  by  a  fleet,  but  a  gale,  out  of 
the  Scottish  waters,  had  the  mortification 
in  prospect  of  terminating  a  cruise,  so 
formidable  in  appearance  at  the  onset, 
without  one  added  deed  to  sustain  the 
reputation  gained  by  former  exploits. 
Nevertheless,  he  was  not  disheartened. 
He  sought  to  conciliate  fortune,  not  Iw 
despondency,  but  by  resolution.  And, 
as  if  won  by  his  confident  bearing,  that 
fickle  power  suddenly  went  over  to  him 
from  the  ranks  of  the  enemy,  suddenly 
as  plumed  Marshal  Ney  to  the  stupbom 
standard  of  Napoleon  from  Elba,  march- 
ing regenerated  on  Paris.  In  a  word, 
luck— that's  the  word— shortly  threw  in 
Paul's  way  the  great  action  of  his  life : 
tlio  most  extraordinary  of  all  naval  en- 
gagements; the  unparalleled  death-lock 
with  the  Serapis. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

TEST  nCBT  TBS  SSSAFIS. 

The  battle  between  the  Bon  Homme 
Richard  and  the  Serapis  stands  in  his- 
tory as  the  first  signal  collision  on  the 
sea  between  the  Englishman  and  the 
American.  For  obstanaoy,  mutual 
hatred,  and  courage,  it  is  without  pre- 
cedent or  subsequent  in  the  story  of 
ocean.  The  strife  louff  hung  undeter- 
mined, but  the  English  Bag  atrnok  in  the 
end. 


IML} 


hmsl  Potkr;,  or,  F7/f^  Tmri  0/  Emit. 


B00 


Tti«*n0  wboM  %^m  to  be  ■ometblng 

Umjiy  ue,  a  [lArmUel, 

Miod  ^\  :  h«r  prt>v^l 

flw  in  1  V  incimc^t  at 

bottoin  iui  ul4  grudg«:  intre- 

|iiit  Mil,  ,    r^eklttttt,    jirtMblorjr, 

with  ^HMiiMiSLt..  itmMtiiin,  eifilije^sd  in 
crtcrtmk  but  a  j^aviige  at  lieart,  Amerk-Ji 
b,  or  niaj  jtt  Ihs  U**  FatU  Jones  of 
tiatioiis. 


HoTtf  wua  theri)  a  Hiilit  Hi»  snarled. 
Til*  ftibieacy  of  tho<-  which 

«My  lh«   imrf»t*jra  *a  m  not 

iBj  QgEffd  ia  tJ^l  bvwildtrnug  intt^r- 
tAJ3ri«iii4ait  of  aII  iho  jiuhIj^  and  i^riK^iiorti 
of  UiQ  Iwu  fhip^  which  oonfoutidod 
th«(Q  for  Uio  tiiu«  in  on«  chiiot  of  4era»- 

Kkowliore  than  herv  the  rcarler  iriu^ 
go  wbo  MNiks  an  islakimte  vorsioa  of  iliv 
iflifi  or,  indeed,  maoli  of  anj  regular 
Meoonl  of  ft  whatevor.  The  writer  H 
bol  broaght  to  incntioci  tlm  battle, 
bacftPM  hu  miu»t  tUHidd  foUdw,  ia  all 
t>nA%  the'  tortim^i  of  Ui^  htimble  ad* 
▼antiirer  whoi«  Uli  ba  reeordi.  Yet 
thi«  tiocttHAarily  \wf^\itm  tame  general 
v\mm  of  each  Qoii«i4oooti8  Inddont  in 
which  he  thon^ 

8«v«nU  oirenimUnr^  of  tlie  place  and 
tim<»  fi©r?(3il   to  Ih  '\%h%  m\t\\  tv 

ecrtain    i«ceni«^    iv  ,    casLbig    a 

light  alrjKJst  poetic  ovi^r  itiy  wild  gWrn 
m  Ira  IniifltJ  ri*ftulti«,  llio  battle  wan 
fiiiv'  '  '  '  .^  hfinr*  of  KveQ  and 

Un  (4ght  Iff  it  was  tind^ir 

a  fuij  r  -111,  In  viaw  of  thou* 

flajniid  cl  'Ctatftrd  crowning  tha 

iikhcllEl.  . .    PM^-hlrc, 

Ffotn  thfl  T<H»  to   the  I  lumber,  tlic 

rn    i-HMUt  tif    HrtUihi.    Hrr   tins  uKwl 

Wi'Ofii  a  itn  ly,  and 

rian  a^jH'ct,     1  ^f  In- 

.nt  dcrsiy*    EviT^  Vciif  Ui  h 

to  t^  lUro 

:*troWT> 

Ijj  the 

L*elow  *, 

ipbidy 

<  LtUifod 

.uiMJtk,  ami 

1   froto  Iha 

^^    waatefbl 

li  Ihb  llano* 

,  r  thoM)  f!A|^ 


mtk*s  of  coast  Wti^'o^n  Flaiuborough 
Head  iriil  tiiM  Mjiuno. 

\V  \mK  the  (pde  which   bad 

dr  i  V I  n  mi  Ll  5  f  Tf .  Pri  1 H  \  %h  i  |^ia»  for 

u  f«5w  days,   wtrc;  i    in  dving 

cha^  to  various  ni»  ei  and  col- 

liers; captnrjn^t  Niiijt,  »oikiiig  others 
uTid  p«rtbj|{  tho  rest  t*i  flight.  Off  tiie 
ill*?  Humber  they  ineliectually 
led  with  a  view  of  druwitigouL 
11  king  s  frigate,  rcportctl  to  hi>  lyinif  at 
anchor  within.  At  atujth^r  litjio  a  largo 
*'  *^  was  eneotintt?rt*d,  undiir  €ouvi»y  of 
'  »hi|w  of  tVircse.  But  their  jiaaic 
^.^.,>cd  the  fleet  to  hug  tho  edge  of 
p«n]oUj»  ahodii  very  nigh  the  kiid, 
whert,  Uv  I'vawjij  ol"  im  having  no  com- 
Vi|,  Paul  dursjt  not  iipproaeli  to 
lotiiu  Tho  j^njo  nigh  I  h^  saw 
ivvu  Mmii*:er*<  innlmt  out  at  nea,  and 
chiL^ed  till' Ml  until  three  in  Uio  morning; 
whuii,  j^^Ltticig  prt?uy  nigh,  h«  sunub^ 
thui  they  iiiiiAL  iii^ods  b#  ve«»«U  ot  bk  own 
!i«liia*!rui>^  whieh,  previous  to  hn  enter* 
itig  t!ic  Firth  of  Forth,  had  sopamted 
fn»tn  hi^  command.  Dnjiight  (iroved 
tUh  »n|i]H>>itioii  cor  feet*  Five  veai«li  of 
thti  original  ftqnadron  were  now  onco 
iQurv  in  ooniMiiy.  AUiu't  noon^  a  flotjt 
of  fiirty  meriAiAiiimi.«n  ftptH?arcd  coming 
round  FlambofODgh  HLad,  [>rot<N^tod  bjr 
two  Engilfth  mia-tii  u^tr  thu  Serapfs 
and  Ooiint«ai  of  &  Dvwrv- 

ing  tlie  fivta  eruiacr  tjown,  thn 

fiKrty  iaSIf  like  forty  chicki^nssHt  Uiiittjrtjd 
01  u  panic  undt*r  the  wiBjr  nf  tlf  *«hoi\\ 
Tlicir  armed  protorton  !  .oivd 

froiii  tho  lurid^  making  tli  ni  ibr 

batiks  Protriptly  acc4.*piLn;c  tlnj  ol»aI- 
Iciigf^^  Paul,  iii^ving  ttie  signal  U>  hid  (^on- 
n*>ns,  cartji'^tly  pr^sicd  forwanl.  But, 
i^urnf  ><t  m  \i^  'wa«,  \l  wa»  «ev«ll  in  l\m 

'■'"•■'  "  *'  ■  "'oimter  bemiiiii  Mean- 
i.<«dlMi  of  b  ii  stgoali^ 

.  . :-  ^^  I  .V  „^ . ,  „ « J  aloiig.    Dkniiwing 

ihetn  frofu  nuMaat  oottndtiraiion,  we 
confine  ouraiilrMf  for  a  whik  to  th^ 
Tlir-haril  and  the  Sensfils^  tbo  grant! 
duellist  1  of  thf  tttrht. 

Tt  ■  -w,  U> 

k«*^p  I   and 

.1 

i.  'T-   ur   ntf'Ti.Nr 

wa»    iiindlarly 

^      ^*     and 

wholtj 

.^.^,  Tbii 

xinre  i^crTadud 


liir 


rank, 

h«!t<^rr 

<:ahb 

to  llii*-t    in  ji 

ipirit  of  biui' 
Tbe  a 


JiiB 


600 


Itrael  Potter;  or,  Fifty  Tcart  of  ExiU, 


[Dec 


dually  exceeded  in  calibre  any  one  gun 
of  the  Richard.  She  had  a  crew  of  some 
three  hundred  and  tweny  trained  inan-of- 
war'i*  men. 

There  is  something  in  a  naval  engage- 
ment which  radically  distinguishes  it 
from  one  on  the  land.  The  ocean,  at 
times,  has  what  is  called  its  sea  and  its 
trough  of  the  $ea ;  but  it  has  neither 
rivers,  woods,  banks,  town?,  oor  moun- 
tains. In  mild  weather,  it  is  one  ham- 
mered plain.  Stratagems, — like  those  of 
disciplined  armies,  ambuscades — ^like 
tliose  of  Indians,  are  impossible.  All  is 
clear,  open,  fluent.  The  very  element 
whicli  sustains  the  combatants,  yields  at 
the  stroke  of  a  featlier.  One  wind  and 
one  tide  at  one  time  operate  upon  all 
who  hero  engage.  This  simplicity  ren- 
ders a  battle  between  two  men-of-war, 
witli  their  huge  white  wings,  more  akin 
to  the  Miltonic  contests  of  archangels 
than  to  the  comparatively  eqtuzlid  tussels 
of  earth. 

As  the  sliips  ueared,  a  hazy  darkness 
overspread  the  water.  The  moon  was 
not  yet  risen.  Objects  were  perceived 
with  difficulty.  Borne  by  a  soft  moist 
breeze  over  gentle  waves,  they  came 
within  pistol-shot.  Owing  to  the  ob- 
scurity, and  the  known  neighborhoo<l  of 
other  vessels,  the  Scrapis  was  uncertain 
who  the  Richard  was.  Through  tlie 
dim  mist  each  ship  loomed  forth  to  the 
other  vast,  but  indistinct,  as  tlio  ghost  of 
Morvon.  Sounds  of  the  trampling  of 
resolute  men  eclioed  from  either  hull, 
wliuso  tight  decks  dully  resounded  like 
drum-heads  in  a  funeral  march. 

The  Scra]>is  hailed.  She  was  answered 
by  a  broadside.  For  half  an  hour  the  com- 
batants delil>eratoly  mana»uvered,  con- 
tinually changing  their  position,  but  al- 
ways within  shot  fire.  The  Serapis — 
the  better  sailer  of  the  two — kept  criti- 
cally circling  the  Richanl,  making  loung- 
ing advances  now  and  then,  and  as  sud- 
denly steering  off;  hate  causing  her  to 
act  not  unlike  a  wheeling  cock  about  a 
hen,  when  stirred  by  the  contrary  pas- 
sion. Meantime,  though  with  easy  speak- 
ing distance,  no  further  syllable  was  ex- 
changed ;  but  an  incessant  cannonade 
was  kept  up. 

At  this  point,  a  third  party,  the  Scar- 
borough, drew  near,  seemingly  desirous 
of  giving  assistance  to  her  consort.  But 
thick  smoke  was  now  added  to  the 
night's  natural  obscurity.  The  Scar- 
borough imperfectly  discerned  two  ships, 
and  plainly  saw  the  common  lire  they 
inade;  bat  which  was  which,  she  coula 


not  tell.  Eager  to  befriend  Uie  Serapis, 
she  durst  not  fire  a  gun,  leet  she  might 
unwittingly  act  the  part  of  a  foe.  As 
when  a  liawk  and  a  erow  are  clawing 
and  beaking  high  in  the  air,  a  second 
crow  flying  near,  will  seek  to  join  the 
battle,  but  finding  no  fair  chance  to  en- 
gage, at  last  flies  away  to  the  woods; 
just  BO  did  the  Scarborough  now.  Pra- 
dence  dictated  the  step.  Becanse  several 
chance  shot — from  which  of  the  com- 
batants could  not  be  known — had  al- 
ready struck  the  Scarborough.  So,  nn- 
willijDg  uselessly  to  expose  herself,  off 
went  for  the  present  tliis  baffled  and 
ineffectual  friend. 

Not  long  after,  an  invisible  hand  came 
and  set  down  a  great  yellow  lamp  in  the 
east  The  hand  reached  np  nnsecu  from 
below  the  horizon,  and  set  the  lamp 
down  right  on  the  rim  of  the  horizon,  as 
on  a  threshold;  as  much  as  to  sav, 
Gentlemen  warriors,  permit  me  a  little 
to  light  up  this  rather  gloomy  looking 
subject.  The  lamp  was  the  round  har- 
vest moon ;  the  one  sohtory  foot-light  of 
the  scene.  But  scarcely  did  the  rays 
from  the  lamp  pierce  that  languid  haze. 
Objects  before  perceived  with  difficulty, 
now  glimmered  ambignously.  Bedded 
in  strange  vapors,  the  great  foot-light 
cost  a  dubious  half  demoniac  glare  across 
the  waters,  like  the  phantasmagoric 
stream  sent  athwart  a  London  flagging 
in  a  night-rain  from  an  apothecary's  bine 
and  green  window.  Through  this  sar^ 
douical  mist,  the  face  of  the  Man-in-the- 
Moon — looking  right  towards  the  com- 
batants, as  if  he  were  standing  in  a  trap- 
door of  the  sea,  leaning  forward  leisurely 
with  his  arms  complacently  folded  over 
upon  the  edge  of  the  horizon, — this  queer 
face  wore  a  serious,  apishly  8olf-8atisfled 
leer,  as  if  the  Man-in-the-Mnon  had  some- 
how secretly  put  np  the  ships  to  their 
contest,  and  in  the  aepths  of  his  malig- 
nant old  soul  was  not  unpleased  to  see 
how  well  his  charms  worked.  There 
stood  the  grinning  Man-in-the-Moon,  his 
head  just  dodging  into  view  over  the  rim 
of  the  sea: — ^Mephistopheles  prompter 
of  the  stage. 

Aided  now  a  little  by  the  planet,  one 
of  the  consorts  of  the  Richard,  the  Pal- 
las, hovering  far  outside  the  fight,  dimly 
discerned  tlie  suspicious  form  of  a  lonely 
vessel  unknown  to  her.  She  resolved  to 
engage  it,  if  it  proved  a  foe.  But  ere 
they  joined,  the  unknown  ship — which 
proved  to  be  the  Scarborongh — received 
a  broadside  at  long  gun^s  distance  trop 
another  consort  of  the  Richard,  the  AU 


ttnul  Potter;  or,  Fifl^  Teart  of  EtiU. 


dA 


I 


I 


tti&oe*  TW  fihot  wbbu«d  acrofs  the 
brofttl  ittt^rval  like  ahtittl^ocks  ncmss 
A  gr«at  hiUL  Presently  tlie  bauWtioreft 
of  tM»r!i  hu!fY.nrN  were  ttt  work^  and 
ru.  t43  of  fcbyttl€»cfjck^  were 

vi-^  ,  ^  ■  .  xchangwl*  Tb«  ttclvcriie 
^ofiKkrtA  ui  tiie  tuo  mmu  Udli|^r«at^ 
foi2glit  wUli  all  the  rjig^  of  thoM?  lierj 
ftecoiitln  whQ  In  aouie  deafsemte  due^ 
nuke  Uieir  priiici|Mil''8  fjUErrel  thdr  ovrju 
I>lvijrt<?<l  I  ruin  the  liit'hnrd  and  the  Sera- 

£U  by  \\m  lllUe  by-j^JAy^  the  Man-in-th&' 
[ocm,  fill  ejLgier  to  sec  what  it  wni^  some- 
wb*Lt  mi^^tl  liiiiL'<*3lf  Irtitii  bb  Iraii-door 
WT  '  ^  bd  grin  on  bUface.    Bythb 

ti:  liked  the  AUIilqc^^  and  dciwn 

ji%«^^,.  .,..  I'allaA,  at  cloe®  qtiarteni  eii« 
Cifiiig  the  Scarborough;  an  eooomiter 
2o»linod  In  kf^i  than  an  huor  lo  end  in 
the  Jiitter  chip's  sinking  her  !Ug. 

Giui pureed  to  tlie  l^rapii  and  the 
Bicliard,  tlie  Falkj  and  the  SenrborotiAb 
wer43  m  two  pii^n  to  two  kuightA.  In 
lh©ir  Immature  way  they  showed  the 
aaifie  lmt«  M  their  fully  deve1aj>ed  sa- 

The  Mjin4n-the-Kooii  now  raised  him- 
wtM  %\i\\  higher  to  obtain  a  better  view 

Bui  tit e  Haa4n-the-Moon  wag  tiot  the 
only  Hf«cUti»r,  From  tl*o  lilgb  cliti'j!;  of 
IIj,.  .! ...r..  nri.i  ***^iK3ciiilly  from  thy  great 
{>r  »iim  borough  lle^d.  ihe 

•CL'_  .53*d  by  criiwd»  of  the 

lilmdem.  Aciy  ruatio  ToigUt  be  par- 
lloned  hb  cuHojiily  in  view  of  the  h|ksc- 
taole  f9Te*<»nted»  Far  In  the  Sudtpaini^ 
dbtAHce  fWtttt  of  frighten«d  merchant- 
man AUih!  the  lower  air  with  Ihelr  iailsi 
ia  fiak^*  «if  AHftw  h%  a  HUitw-iiCorn)  by 
all''         "  '         niiiediy,  in  an- 

ot  J I  of  Uie  Kcat- 

tcrvu  tMiUM^riJi  ui  i'uuj^  ummg  no  part  id 
the  f^y.    Nearer,  waa  m  Iw^ated  mbt, 
lnv««ttng  Uie  PalU*  and  Soarboroagh — a 
miJit  slowly  ftdrifl  on  the  lea,  like  a  float- 
Ule,  Alul  at  intenrati  jrradiattid  with 
kloe  of  fire  and  reionaut  with  tho 
in  of  cannon*    Furtlier  iivviiv\  in  Xhvt 
ibei9\\*\f  wat^r,  was  a  1  I,  Inc*^- 

iftotiy  toni  in  tbreda  u%  then 

ftniug  tjig<^t^ier  again,  l^ie 

r«nf      A^^rrMhSumriri  her 

•I-  vvly  aUdlL,  bkt.  Lhi^^  limt 

113 •  I  nt^  to*tit»<Tt  *kh  rlijwi- 

Tn  g;»t  eoina  iikft  of  Ibe  <f  uiti  onact- 


(ViWi 


iDg  In  tliat  cloud,  it  wlU  be  necaafa^  to 
enter  It ;  to  go  and  poeficiia  It,  as  a  ghoat 
may  rush  into  a  boJy,  or  tiie  devib  into 
the  swine^  whioh  running  down  the 
iteep  plaoe  perlahed  In  the  tea ;  Jodt  aa 
the  Richard  b  yet  io  do. 

Thus  far  the  Serapia  and  the  Riohard 
bad  been  tnan<£u?«riug  aud  <!hua3«l0£  to 
each  other  like  partners  in  a  coiilTon, 
all  tiie  time  indulging  in  rapid  repartee. 

But  finding  at  bat  that  th»  iu^ierior 
maDagableuoia  of  the  enemy  V  ibif^  tn- 
ablod  biJn  to  gel  the  better  of  the  clunwfy 
old  Indiaman,  the  iiichard,  in  taking 
pofiition;  Paul,  with  hb  wyuud  re- 
aolniion,  at  oiim  sought  to  neutralise 
this,  by  hugging  him  Cilose.  But  the 
attempt  to  ky  the  Richard  right  mrom 
the  head  of  the  Serapii  endi^d  ijulte 
otherwise,  in  sending  the  enemy^^  Jih^ 
iHJom  ju*t  over  the  Ridmrd'a  great  tower 
of  Fisa,  where  Israel  was  atattoned ; 
who  oatcbing  it  eagerly,  fitood  fur  an 
in,<!tant  holding  to  th«  eJack  i^  the  aaJl, 
like  one  grasping  a  honae  bf  the  mane 
prior  to  f  aulttng  into  the  saodlt*. 

"Aye^  hold  hard,  lad,'*  cri©<l  Paul, 
iprin^ng  to  hb  iide  witli  a  coil  of 
rigging.  With  a  few  rapid  luru^  he 
krti'ted  hiuitidf  to  hb  foe.  Ttie  wind 
now  acting  on  the  aaib  of  ihe  Sempis 
forced  her,  heel  and  point,  her  entire 
Ic'DjC^h,  cheek  by  jowl^  alongside  tlie 
lii chard.  Tb(?  prs  »ii*c  h  ti  ^^  cannon  *c raided ; 
the  yards  in  I'  i  ait  tbe  bulb  dhl 

not  fjouch,     A  »tf  tbrklJng  wa- 

U^rby  wedged  bctwLH^n,  llky  tlmi  niirrow 
canal  in  Voinoe  whii^h  t\*^iM*^  bi^twe<<n 
two  shadowy  nile^,  and  high  in  air  is 
eeenstlr  eroiJen  by  tbo  lirulgo  of  Sighs, 
But  whore  the  six  vard*arui#  recipri>cally 
«r>nboi1  ovcirhoad,  three  bridges  of  eigni 
were  both  «een  aud  heard,  aa  the  tnoon 
and  wind  kept  Hsitig. 

Into  that  Lethean  Ganal,— pond  like  in 
its  Hnioi>theA3  as  eoin poured  with  tbc  tpa 
without — f-il  ri'.riny  a  poor  soul  that 
n  Igh  t ;  — :  r  forgotten* 

As  M)]ii.  ^  rent  coin  elding  witk 

a  diaputt'd  frontier  on  a  volcanic  plain, 
tlist  boundary  abyse  was  Uie  Juwi;  of 
dtath  to  both  iidea*  So  contracted  was 
it^  tliftt  in  manyeaiu^  the  pm-rttinnjera 
liad  to  be  thmit  lin  -"^It-t  {mrxs^ 

In  order  to  enter  tu  e  iln?ir  own 

uon.     It  teem^t  mMt^  nn  inteitlne 

:.   tbnn  a  %iit   between  itrangeim. 

'     '-11   iM   if  the  Sininew 

tl\^\t  fraternal  baodi 

*.....»..«  M^^,  M*  ^«.^4tnml  ilgiik 


L) 


flOt  IT*— St 


EAMBLES  OVER  THE  BEALStS  OF  VERBS  AND  SUBSTANTIVES. 


Smii^l    SXGOND. 


SIDNEY  SMITH-tbat  ^*  wittiest  of 
(U  vinos  and  did  nest  of  wjta"— hiia 
somewfiero  &n  amusiiij^  pasRftge  on  tbe 
rftdicai  scusnalisim  tkit  und^arlica  all,  even 
stiper&eosufd^  terma.  He  alhrdea  to  onr 
[Hirely  a?stLetic  application  of  such  ex- 
pressions as  *'{act'*  {tanffo^  ta^tum^  to 
touch),  *Haste''  &c.,  and  observes  that 
we  wUl  doubt Ic^  soon  cotho  to  speak  of 
%  man  with  a  fine  ^'  nose^^  for  this  or  that 
province  of  physics  or  philosophy.  And, 
to  follow  tills  out  a  little  further,  we 
liave  the  same  idea  developing  itself  in 
that  Buh  111  nation  of  everything  that  w 
highest  lu  modes  or  morab— the  loth 
gi4i  of  our  Parisian  fmnds.  Bat  thii* 
ia  not  moch  to  be  wondered  at,  since  th&y 
are  conslitationally  rather  Epicurean  in 
their  philo5uphy ;  aod  it  is  jw  natural  for 
one,  with  the  *iiiiack  of  Oloa-Vongoot  or 
Chateau- Laflit to  on  the  lips,  to  transfer 
the  %ure,  not  without  gtt^to^  to  his  ad- 
miration of  the  colors  of  a  Correggio,  or 
Ids  rapture  over  the  divine  poemij  of 
Mons.  Mirnbilis  Parnasse.  However^ 
sic  ait  I — since  ^*  d^  gu&tibm  n&n  at  dk- 

Now,  beiide«i  all  this,  we  are  acqnai  n  ted 
with  at  least  one  northern  Etiropeau 
nation  (not  to  mention  the  Chinese), 
who  hold  that  tlte  soul  Lies  in  the  oMo- 
fnen^  and  in  whose  langaago  those  two 
distinctly  divergent  liicta — iotil  and 
stomach — find  expression  in  one  and  the 
same  terra.  Moreover,  the  Greek  for 
mind — 0pWi  ^ive^ — is  (ratlier  remark- 
ably for  so  intellective  and  introgpectivo 
A  people)  that  which  also  erpreases  mid* 
riff  or  diaphragm  i 

All  this  we  mention  as  initiatory  to 
the  enunciation  of  onr  very  simple  pro- 
position, vi5E. :  that  In  the  fonimtlon  of 
words,  the  real  always  lies  beneath  (h^ 
metaphorical^  and  rh^f  phmkal  u  euer  the 
hmis  of  the  mctdjihynieaL 

The  ratwnah  of  tliis  is,  wo  conceive, 
simple  enough :— For,  the  sphere  m 
which  we  hve  and  move— tlie  objective — 
is  a  physical  one;  we  have  our  being 
witliin  the  plmnta'!?magorical  fetters  of  a 
sciiBi^world-  Now,  the  niicroeoBtn  with- 
in being,  as  U  aaid,  none  other  than  a 
reQex  of  tlie  megocosm  will  tout;  and 
language  being:,  moreover,  a  veritable 
thoughts-product — every  word  most  be, 
fta  it  were,  the  symbol  of  a  isymbol 
Ideas  are  symbolical  of  the  outer — the 


nataral ;  langmge  is  symbolical  of  tciem. 
To  na  the  phenomenaJ  must  ever  be  onr 
baKis— the  metaphyaical  ca/i  have  nauglit 
but  a  relative  exintence.  Aiid  heace  It 
is  that  men  are — ^we  do  not  saj  d^  mt- 
turd,  bnt  de  facto — so  intensely  niat#- 
riah  Metapbjsica  are^  and  ever  have 
been,  a3  prodiponslj  ''^Iml&m  par^^^  as 
atooki  in  the  "Soutli  Sea  Island  &c!it>tna" 
or  in  vestments  in  Dutcli  tulips  would 
now  be ;  and  men  as  regularly  lay  aside 
all  acknowledgment  or  belief  in  every* 
thing  that  is  absolute  and  eternal — (ei- 
cepling,  of  course^  in  all  coses^  the  eter- 
nal dollar) — aa  they  do  their  Boadajr 
rc^t  or  Sunday  viaag^  For  why? — 
Because,  forsooth,  every  one  of  oor 
miserable  '*  interest^'*  is  interwoven  io 
an  inextricable  reticulation  with  tlie  tea- 
suoua  and  Uie  grossly  material .  Eenca, 
too,  the  inveterate  antagonism  betweeQ 
t!ie  man  theoretical  and  the  man  pmcti- 
cal,— between  the  man  of  principle  and 
tlie  man  of  action.  This,  toi^  It  is  that 
makes  materialism  (or,  according  to  tlie 
moilern  phraseology —iS^««*tttwwiJ*ffn) 
precisely  no  philosophy  at  all.  Wo  are 
out^elves  indifferently  fond  of  a  pure 
transcendental  Idealism ;  hot  of  sympa- 
thizers we  expect,  and  find,  but  few. 

Language,  then,  bemg  the  ofikpring  of 
the  entire  united  consciouBnes*,  wiH  na- 
turally take  ita  c<:*]oring  fi-om  the  field 
wherein  tliat  consciousness  acts»  It  ia 
on  this  fact  that  is  fonnded  the  inherent 
Tcrncity  of  words.  This  it  ia  that  gives 
to  them  their  authoriry  as  profound 
moral  teachers,  and  embalms  within  them, 
amber-like,  great  and  noble  poetrf^ 
histories,  and  pliilosophiea» 

We  !mve  before  stated  that  we  will 
eschew  cimtroversy  on  the  subject  of 
the  *' origin  of  langtiage,"  m  scrnpQluu»ly 
a*  we  w^ould  on  the  ^*  origin  of  ovil  i" — 
a  remark,  however,  we  would  offer  on 
the  Kene&is  of  language  as  a  thtinght — 
product.  In  a  previous  paper  on  novels, 
we  nttetnpted  a  dtiveliJprijent  of  the  idea 
oC  every  form  of  literature's  being  re- 
fipou^ivc  to  an  inly  want  of  the  aoul;  uatt 
that  tlie  progression  of  lit.  r^iuir**  Iw  }u 
variona  phases  is  not  nri  :> 

cording  to  rigid  maihetn  ,  ^, 

basest  on   absolute  psychoJ.. 
Now,  nearly  everything'  rhnr  .-A 

on  the  philosophy  ^  -a 

be  applied  io  the  ^ _-, 


1854.J  BamhieM  ^uer  tk$  Mmlmt  ^  Vcrbi  and  Suhiianlmi,  dOS 


I 


tA  an  Integral  ^  Hjf,  on  which 

fgbject  Uke  at  ^^xt'«Liv«  oWer* 

Yallon  by  Frederjt:k  bcUcgvl : — 

**ln  Itkugnn^^  all  the  four  principal 
pow4»^  liavo  a  ii«*ftrly   equal  part  and 
aharis.    The  graramatieal  blruoture,  ili© 
nil»  fur  tbo  eliangcis  and  deeirr  ■' 

wordu,  and  Ibeir  sjiita:^  are 
by  th«  r«a0on.     Fpoiti  l\m  Iktuv.  ...  ...... 

oilier  haml,  U  derived  wljatt*v*ir  Is  (rgu- 
ntive;  and  how  ver}*  far  doc^  not  Uils 
reat-h,  iixtendittg  ad  it  docs  into  the 
prmmry  and  nalural  Blgnilication  of 
words,  whbh  often  no  longer  t^iista,  or 
At  l«asl  19  riri;]j  tmaeablat  Lastly,  tli« 
dear  and  distiuot  arrangumont  i*f  tho 
part«t  the  nk'ely  fi tidied  nrnl  heiutifnl 
bapv  of  the  whale  of  ari .  iikm, 

lbrtht!r  [KMjtlcal  or  rhi-^  il  or 

''       ;ir#  the  oontrihuthJiLs  nj  the 


SMcribud  t- 

profriTifii!!; 
v.-  ■     ■ 

kvl.ri-,  whidi  wyiidiirtuliy  Liyuiuui^^ 
wiii(,  or  rMpoafls  to  it,''  etc, 

l^ut,  to  return  to  oar  Mibjrct:  I-an- 
ffDa^  we  a««uir]€  to  Ir^  Uic^  Api>ntaneofti5 
dtvalofrment  c»f  the  entlro  con'^iouAnMa, 
lOfd  the  physical  ever  He>«  bc^hitid  thd 
mofaphyitlcal. 

It  foay  nor,  (lerlmiw,  he  t^nintereating 
tt^iUortraie  thii;  hy  an  invi^K (lotion  of 
9BIII0  ti  our  mojkt  purely  metaphorira] 
tmd  tiWQioenduntid  terms.  ''  MctaphyM- 
U^"  tbemealTae  are  only  tlid  K'irnce 
whi«h  ItM  relation  to  whut  i»  hi^vtyl 
^hywiml  nature  (^I'lri^),  fnanif**^t]n)j  an 
Inability  to  ri*e  ahovo  tjmtu^r  oiropt  bj* 
onmp.  Minding  witli  it.  Nor  haa  the 
ldpiili«nj  of  n  Kant,  a  Fichti*^  or  a  Behell' 
i  r  ■, '  4e  to  g\  V  e  bi  rt  h  to  a  n  v  thi  n  t: 

I  1    "traiuMsendifOtnliiiin"— iJiAt 

\4  '        '  ^  7o«— 

r  oin- 

i(U*t^  whirh  Wi^  know  to  l»o 


I' 


ii4/ui  JAtft  in 

mind — and  of  \ 
encv*  are  bat  th*. 
t 


Urn 

ri  Arehc- 

■   r*lvintt 

M>ft* 

-cut- 


ativ*8.  **  Spirit"  in  only  a  breatliing — 
iipiTO— (of  ttio  Almighty  t) ;  **  SotiV^  It 
the  iam<!  word,  Ijtit  with  a  Gcrmnn 
origin  {iteeU^  through  the  Saxon  tawl) ; 
the  Latin  *Wirtiw*tf#,''  and  ^^artlma^*^ 
both  of  fh**m  find  ibeir origin  in  a  Gri*i?k 

-  -"'  '.J  ^^lit;  while  thuGrei?k  "psyche" 
t/^ij,  to  breathe  ur  blow)  haH  a 

. .lun    idenUcally  analogouMt.     8o« 

with  *'iiiidenitandin|*^— the  v^fniaTid  of 
tho  Oermani— «<m£dr  anything  bo  more 
ienanoi^  ?  A  nd  its  analog  ue,  * '  iuttdleet" 
— infU^aiid  l^fj0^  fo  t'himu  frmi  among 
- — hence  finely  di'scriptivo  of  this*,  the 
discriminating  faculty.  By  tho  way, 
lb  19  vn  one  of  tht5  CAsea  (of  which  we 
will  meet  with  thousands)  where  the 
simple  etymology  throws  more  li^^ht  on 
^\v>  Bubject  than  any  amount  of  yolumes 
that  could  b«i  written.  "Genias'*  has 
nothing  niorw  of  geniua  in  it  than  what 
13  inborn  (gigno)  or  begotten  along  with 
the  tissue  and  frame- Work  of  on<**ft  being. 
**ThkHJt'*  id  j  list  rdXavrni? — a  PUni  of 
money  t&fighiii  ont^  And  nmd  by  our 
Saviotxr  as  cxpre*^ivo  of  tli©  quot^i  of 
inteUeclnat  and  peychal  endoWTnent^i 
powe«6ed  by  eael »  i  n di vid ual .  ^'  M  i ad** 
in  from  the  same  rofit  as  menM — f4ivo^ — 
/art*!?,  Mtrenffth.  **  VVU  **  and  **  wisdofn" 
(a  laet  which  it  tuight  not  b«  ami«a  to 
rememlxT)  are  from  one  root  (Haxoa 
wit^n  ,  '  rm^n — in  himt^) — ^lod 
that  a  V  material  one,  Th# 
*'wita^'  wen*  ii>rnierly  ojwd  in  tho  ao^ 
otptation  of  the  **  si  ii»ee/*  a  nu^ttning 
wfdch  we  can  appreriHto  from  the  use 
of  tho  pitrtt«>  ''to  ho  out  of  ono'jt  wtti^*' 
or,  ^*-  ii>  hi?  out  uf  uni**;*  i»en»09i/*  A*  il- 
hi^trativ*  uf  ibirt,  t/iko  th«>  (bllowing^ 
from  the  **  Talo  of  Mdoiwiii*:'*  "Tboq 
baft  don  *innc  again  ofiro  I^rd  (IHit, 
for  e«rt<?H  the  lhreeeni*niie*«  of  mrinLind, 
lliat  h  to  !iavfi,  tK<»  tlenh,  the  fend,  and 
the  world,  tlji*a  hajit  mitfred  ht*m  i*ntre 
into  Uiin  hf?rt<»  wilfully  by  rJ  vo* 

of  thy  btidy,  ancl  Un*i  not  tL  tv* 

M^lf  BUfT'  'in  hir  n^=!iiutwj  and 
Idr  Um'  m  that  ihvj  hav« 
wounded  ujv  ^<<iiic«  in  five  places;  thla 
in  Uf  miyn,  the  dotlly  Mnnen  that  }mvi 
enfred  Into  thy  thvn  hi^rte  hv  thv  flfe 
tft7ffw»,"  vU\  "  llnmor*'  m  [xm  <f«Tiiyi> 
» — ' '  •  '  -  -    ■  ■  »  -'v^in  tta 


inottlnrt*    {hitmro^    t<t     \m 

priniiiry  ap|»ba*tion,  h^t*k 

now  ahandont'd  patbol 

eordSTi^    to    whirh,    f^ 

*S'  '  of  the  mmd  **)^  ,rti|f|^K*%ed 

to  '.  ^  tU*i  fiaidi  of  tiie  bUly,  » 


t  ener* 

1  htjm*>r^ 

mol^t),  Ita 
if'*  fi»*i  la  a 

'fr,  ao* 
■i^V*  or 


504  Rambim  over  th$  Ridimi  of  Virht  mid  Suht^mHves, 


oerUia  proportion  and  coraltlnatioo 
tlieraof  giving  the  "goo<!»"  aud  tbe 
oontTAry  tbe  "bad *'  hnmor.  The  trana- 
ition  from  tbo  *'  good  hnmor  "  to  the  bti- 
inoroaa  prod  actions  of  tbe  mlDd,  was 
e&s  J  enongh. 

Almost  spfficient  has  been  written  on 
tbe  subject  of  wit  and  bumor  to  render 
darkneBs  Tisible.  Thi^  by  8wift^  k  trite 
enough: 

**  Wot  mm  bj  wU  Ti  ehlcfl/  mtJtnt 
Apfi^iif  well  wluit  wc  lufffDl : 
Wtet  JUfAwr  If  nflt,  aU  Uie  irlN 
Of  toglB  nuoEifen  e&ct  dL4cri^r<? : 
Bmn  nmtttre  ontj  acta  be r  |iari, 
17lib«lp*d  bj  practice,  boctkjf,  ur  Art,'* 

Talking  of  bad  humor  puts  ns  in  mind 
of  ^*  flpleon/'  and  that^  of  ooorse,  is  sug- 
gestive of  nothing  but  "  melaueholv," 
The  former,  that  very  peeoliar  people, 
called  the  **^  Ancients/'  soppo^^ed  to  bo 
the  seat  of  tlie  latter.  As  for  **  melan- 
choly/* it  sa,  according  to  ita  composition 
(i^^'^^X^^%  nanght  other  than  bl<ick 
Mle,  and  precisely  equivalent  to  onr 
&trahiiiarp,  which,  however,  wo  receive 
through  tlie  latin.  And  though,  perad- 
venture,  founded  on  false  Uieorten,  they 
are  yet  all  of  them  sufficiently  indicative 
of  that  which  Milton  apostrophizes  m 
'^  moon -struck  madneaa,  mo|!lng  melan- 
thcly  /"  And  in  her  eoftened  and  more 
plaintive  phase,  by  Callins,  thus; 

"  with  vjta  QpTAlved,  u  one  tniplred, 
Fftle  lf«^fieMy  lit  rattrad ; 
Aud  from  h«r  wild  peqtifriter*!!  fe^t, 

Ln  iQole*,  bj  dlittaoee  mad«  man  ft«e«ii 
P^r^d  Ihranffh  the  mtllow  horo  her  p«nalTe  iQal : 

And,  duhio^  aoti  TroiD  rocks  aronbd, 

Bubbling  rqnnElli  Jd!dM  the  louad  ; 
Ttirough    gUdti  ^nd   i^taomi  the  iiitiif1«d  raeivare 

Or  ii'*er  Home  h&utited  Btream^  with  foud  dclay» 
ftoiuid  kD  boll-  CAlm  difftutTii^, 
IjOVh  <if  pt&ca  and  lonely  nitiriltigf 
Iq  hollow  murmuri  died  awfcj,** 

Bat  paFslona  I — "  Thought  '*  is  the  sb- 
stracted  past  participle  of  the  verb  **  to 
think'**  (Saion,  thencan,  p.p.  tboht*); 
and  if  we  accept  Home  Tooke'a  deriva- 
tion of  it  from  thiii^ — I  am  tkhig-ed^  an 
analogue  to  the  Lntin  reor  from  res — 
an  etymology  which  he  evolves  with  \m 
naual  eagacity^  and  which  he  places  in  a 
very  rtcelvable  light— our  point  will  be 
atill  further  illustrated.  Wo  ^poke  in  the 
beginning  of  the  metapliorical  ei:iire9' 
aions  tliat  owe  their  origin  to  the  gusta- 


tory propensitie*  of  mankind »  We  migbi 
amplify  our  examples  nnder  that  bead. 
Thus,  we  erpreis  one  of  our  very  stnong- 
est  mental  repugnances  by  **dl^iist,*'  i.  ** 
**  distaste ; '*  while    evei-ything    that  h      M 
unsyBteniatii^  and  chaotic  in  inielleet,       H 
fijidi  expression  in  *^ crudity^*  (ffrc^lf/*),       " 
which  is  nothing  more  crude  ihan  the 
state  of  being  «««?tw J erZ,     '* Palate,-' also,       ■ 
we  employ  in  the  same  sense  as  t&ite :      H 
thus,  *^  men  of  nice  palatts  could  not 
reluh  Aifetotle,  as  dr^imi  up  by   the 
schoolmaster/*    How  utterly  eensnotisl 
Shakespeare,  however,  also  says: 

**  Detolloti,  ftAtlencf,  e<(iiii.r«g«,  f«rUtiul«, 
]  hnvt  no  rtiith  of  them." 

Now,  of  the  foroe  of  "relish/*  we  all 
have  a  keen  enongh  appreciation ;  but 
our  unexprea&ed,  passive  understanding 
of  it  is  brcmght  out  in  alU>  rfH&ro  by 
Minahew-8  etymology  thereof,  viz. ;  from 
rdteher — that  which  is  so  pleiaziing  to  the 
palate  us  to  tempt  one  to  litk  his  Hp§/ 

**Sav«ry"  and  *' insipid"  are  both  fro«i 
one  root  (sapio^  to  ttmU\  the  one  signi- 
fying **  tasty,"  and  tiie  other  "tastelea;*' 
while  the  highest  intellectual  cndow- 
menta  can  rnakc  nothing  more  eixalted 
than  a  man  of  ^"^  sapience^"  which  h  a 
man  of  tmte.  What  a  lesson  do  tliito 
words  read  ns  of  the  gastronomle  pro- 
clivitiea  of  our  race.  Should  we  not 
join  in  with  tbe  piona  ^aoolaltoii  of 
Dan  Ohaucer  ? 

*^  AdAmf  oor  fither,  ui4  bU  wlf  alaA^ 
Fro  FmrAflli  tv  Ub^ur  &nd  to  wo. 
Were  driven  for  that  ▼!«;«,  il  li  tiodrede; 
fiif  w[\J\^  Uiiit  Adam  fjiit«df  ki  t  r«det 
He  vat  In  V^mAi^^  Abd  vhsu  fh^l  h« 
Wtt  of  tbe  fruj(  df  fended  ^n  %  IrM. 
A  Don,  he  wiu  imtcAdt  to  WQ  And  pfttiit 

Th«  I\irdtmer*»  TaUt  Itt. 

To  resume — '*  perception  "  (per  rjipio), 
ia  a  taking  up  wholly^  an  entire  ajrpr^ 
hfftmon  of  the  subject  w«  may  J>e  t^Q* 
gaged  upon.  **  Reiiet-ting'*  ff*'  il»''^"% 
is  a  bending  back  u(  the  rl  n 

ttiemselves^  the  arrest  of  iJie 
uess  in  itJ  outward  tlow,  and  the  turning 
of  it  inward  to  itself;  just  as  **  intro**T>ei> 
lion**  (intro  speeii*)*  means  a  looking 
within.  So  ^*  intuition  *'  (in  tnenr)  ioi- 
plies  the  inward  tiash  of  convitMion  that 
result*  from  a  tiicre  mental  ifhtrtot  at  an 
object, 

Both  **  conscience  **  and  ^^eomwiions- 


liilj  Ramhhi  mer  tk«  Emlmi  ^  Fer&t  mi  SuhsimHHi. 


e05 


'  ire  one  wnrd  (i^n  tnd  a^ib} — ox- 
'  MMiTfi  of  tb»  caIjh  reoQgaijelDg  g&ze  of 
lJi«  ifiD«r  «go  on  iloelt  8om^  of  tbo 
«t)ileil  <fiel»  thtt  tm  tw!st«d  mn  of  thl% 
|iOof  wordt  conAciencts  would  bo  lm\h 
erocu  enough  w^ir^  ihvy  not  noxious  <md 
ifPtfMitvi^vi'ne.  TIjo  fortNJ  thiit  Mr, 
Trencli,  in  hta lirtlo  book  on  **  the  Study 
tWqdbi"  tortar«  oot  of  the  **ctm  "  h 
_  J ftod  palpAblv  absurd.  TFje  alight- 
attention  t*>  the  ^iTert  of  f* repeal* 
UogaI  foiuptiiitioo  fio  the  cIa^ic  t*>uguei^| 
urould  b«  sufficient  to  uonf  ine«  mnv  oa^ 

Of  thu. 

If  siif  wordfl  *?<m6l  he  flUperwFisoon^, 
one  would  surdy  enppmo  Uidtu  to  be 
•Qoli  iA  "inorak,'*   "etUioa,*^   "right," 

lltit  Ui  tii  ii^plr  our  «t7molofz:(c  waod 

Eod  RIM?  whttt  ah  ape-*  thoy  will  jw&umij. 
**lforiil*^  i^  lh«  Lfltm  Ufljectiv*  fnoraliM^ 
sod  thftt  frciru  ma#^  morjf— a  eotttotu  or 

'  mmn^^  with  a  prim*iy  fteotptatioo 
Itflng  bflck  of  that  ind  ItnportlDg  fi(f* 

I  mitti  MprUe.  ^Oftprioe"  riT«i  ri«e  to 
**€Wtmii,**  «ad  custom  tffrtft  i#— Irat 
hi  onr  nuster  etponnd  fbr  tia  Op«n 
we  otiT^abiisoc^  Juniiw,  Wthtter* 
Took^  OHmTnt  No?  mine  friend,  hut 
oar  ihird  Yolnnii  of  *»  Th4  Blftlory  of  the 
Fbeucit  !£« volution/*  tt  p.  45, — where 
find  thui  written:— ''Instead  of 
ilirlekitij£  more.  It  w#re  periiaps  editing 
lo  rem  Ark,  on  the  other  «!da^  what  &  «q- 

j  gmlar  thinf  etmtnmfl  (in  lAtfn  m^m) 
are ;  And  how  fitly  fho  vtnae^  miiiliood^ 
or  worth,  th«t  h  lu  a  man,  h  called  bi» 
faartttif^,  or  euttonmri/i^m.  Fall  «laiigh- 
ter^  oQji  t>f  the  mo^t  authentm  prodnetfl 
of  tba  pit.  yon  would  say^  4iuee  gife  It 
cnrtomn,  t>«o<»tn«c  war,  with  lawi  of 
war,  and  u  roscoittaiy  and  moral  finough ; 
and  red  iudlvidnal^  Karry  the  toob  of  U 
girt  round  tlieir  ItAtirvcbii  not  without 
an  air  of  Tinde,— whlf^h  do  tlion  nowita 
Iklame.  wyieu  iaa  I  t^a  king  aa  U  b  bat 
drtaiMsd  In  hodden  or  nuBtl ;  and  ra vo- 
lution^ h^«M  0*^11  ueni  111  an  war,  luia  not 
yat  (t"t  itj  Iftw*  r,f  ffviilwtion,  bot  tha 
ood'len  or  nh  ttiab  ar«  aneua' 

tofrinry — l>li,  .  fM*bv«d  brother 

bh*<^kinvirU  r>f  tU4aLiiitl,  ht  H4  cli'Jse  Uio*a 
wiilt'  m^uthM  tfi  niif'o:  Irt  11  fc  <<<«flM!^  ghriek* 
Injf,  »(itl  hL'jnti 

Tliou   cr«af  H    Tliomaa 

Cariyk!    '  thy    vi^ry 

|*^01l«t»tf  'ir*!,     to    M!t 

■  ^y*-f  -  ^' -- 


era— hoQOit  Co  the  Tcry  profundity  of 
*by  great  heart,  yet  lliereby  forced  simo- 
titnes  to  epr*«Ar  dit»honMt— tho  wiaaa^i 
and  yet  wflllng  to  ha  to  ixmuy  a  stttmb-  j 
ling' black  and  the  foolidieet — ^tha  mofi!] 
religious^  and  yet  oompelled  to  «eem  tha  I 
moit  sacrilegious  I  witn  what  a  terribla  j 
Titame  force  do^t  thou  wield  thy  "wiufe- 
ed  words," — that  in  U)y  hands  split  oBf  i 
wtth    burstiDg,      bnrnmg    meaning; — I 
hringmg  tlieiu    up    in    the  it   pnrnTtlva| 
trutWoFing  and   truth— ^telling  i»iitipli«| 
city^   and   netting  them,   not  witliout  a  I 
certain  grave  ii^arcaMie smile,  over  eg&iD«l| 
thetr  ahu?«ea,  and  their  oorruptioni|  aa&J 
their  twi^ting^  to  gitd  a  fiUactiood^  or  toj 
c-ODsecfale  a  Ue — there  to  speak  pree 
stortas  of  hypiicrifiicjs  and  anauul— 1 
walll   who  would    have    ever   thouflil 
that  dry,  old,  rhitophnffouB  F\U  Phllolo- 1 
pm    would    hare    been    betray c»d    into] 

^n  avant  t 

**Ethieft*'  b  predBt^ly  the  flame  word] 
ai  "  morality/*  only  with  a  Greek  origlft 
— *Si  *6c*  J&% — a  custom  or  usage.  1 

Let  our  friend  Home  Took**  Intamrel  j 
**  right**  and  **  wrong'*  for  na:  *»  Right  li  j 
no  other  than    r^t^um  (regitnm),   tboj 
past  participle  of  the  Ijitin  verh  r#|£r«*^J 
to  govern,  to  order.    Whence  in  Itahaftj 
you    have    rttt^'^   and    fr^im    rfir^m^j 
diriitQ^  dritU;  whanoe  the  French  havo  j 
their  iincient  df^di&t^  and  thdr  moil  em  ^ 
drHL      Tb#    Italian    driu^    and     tha 
Ftanch  dr&ii  being  no  other  titan   tha 
part  [larliciple  iifwf-iii»/'    And  further 
on  he  aays  tttai : 

«'A  i^U  oondnct  b,  that  which  b 

**  A  right  reckomog  la,  that  which  b 
ordgr^, 

'^A  right  line*  i*,  that  which   \n   of- 
dsMd  or  dir^Ud — (not  a  riujihnu  eiten*  1 
iloii,   but)    the  ahyrte^t    between    tW*J 
pointi. 

''The  right  road  b  that  0rdir§d 
dirteUd  to  bi«  pnrjiued  (for  the  ohjaoij 
you  havo  in  view). 

''  To  do  right  b  to  do  thmt  which  b 
&rd^0tl  Uy  Iw  dt^fn>, 

"To  l)c  In  tl  to  be  In  »ucli 

lit  nation  or  ctr  aa  are  ^dfr^^ 

**  A  rmkt  aod  jut  {jni^^jtmum^  to 
command  )  a/^iiun  \*  liucb  a  ooa  aa  b 
ard^ed  ur  t^mmandtd. 

'^  And  when  m  man  demands  hi^  tights^ 
1  '  '•A 4  firdy  that  whi^ib  it  it  ordered  ha 

J  a  Uie  other  hand:  "  fTiwi^—b  lliol 


>  Olfwil«Bi  «f  Ported,  ^  iM. 


eo6 


EamUu  ovtf  the  Meaims  of  Verhs  ami  Subi^ntivei, 


pec 


past  participle  or  the  Ytrb  t&  vring^ 
wriDgsn,  tori|uer©,  Tb©  word  iinswering 
to  it  JD  Italiati  is  torto^  tlie  past  imritdple 
of  the  T<^rb  t^rguere;  wl*enc#  tb© 
French  abo  have  tor(*  It  meaus  merelj 
wtiinff  ur  wrmt^  i'rt>m  the  f*VAi  or 
ordered  line  of  conduct  J'* 

So  did  Took©  Imod!©  -what,  with  a 
quaint  force^  Le  calls  ^"^  the  abject  instru- 
ments of  his  civil  eitinction  V^ 

Compare  with  *'  ri^ht  ^*  and  ^^  wrong,*' 
_i*  upright,"  *'  regular/'  *'  rectitude ;" 
"  erro  r,'  *  "  trau^greasit^D,'  *  **  lor  tous . " 
"  Upright  '*  is  palpable  eooagb  ;  "  regu- 
lar '^  is  according  to  rttU^  and  there  lor© 
act5ur*ijng  to  the  ordered.  **  Recti tud©/* 
U  juiit  tlj©  straight  line — the  ordered  or 
ditBcUd  one  t^ego).  ^*  Error  ^^  is  an 
err!  ng — (erro)—  wnnderin  g  fro  m  tli  is 
straight  line  of  "  rectitude.**  ^*Transgres- 
fflon  \»  a  transgressing  {trans  gradio^r)^ — 
a  going  beyood  this  &rdeTed  line.  *^  Tor- 
toua  "  from  "  tort,'^  Ijrb  al^o  relation  to 
what  IS  **  injnriuuV^  (which  ta  in  jui^ 
jubeo;  that  m^  contrary  to  ih^e&mjjiafuhdy 
too,)  or  t£r<m0, 

i'rom  all  of  which  words  th©  wise  will 
derive  a  leciur<j  on  a  ^'higher  law," 
(with  a  vengeance  1);  and  th©  unwise 
find  only  subject  matter  for  their  own 
condemnndon. 

*'  Sentse  "and  *'  ajsthetica,^*  have  an 
analogou!*  origin,  i^sthetie  being  the 
Greek  alnthjTiKm;  frotn  tilGi^upQU-at,  to  feel^ 
or  perceive,  aud  sen^e  being  from  senth^ 
th©  corrtsipiinding  I^tin  verb.  Their 
employment^  one  slionld  stay,  was   frc* 

?n©nt  et]Qugh  to  render  them  familiar. 
\j  th©  way,  our  poor  friend  **iBSithe- 
tio  "  is  worthy  of  Ci^mmiaeraLiOR.  Born 
Vut  a  quarter  ut  a  century  ago,  h©  has 
fallen  in  the  full  blush  of  his  glory  ;  aud 
he  wht>  asi»tfcited  at  hi-^  cradling^  has  lived 
to  see  hin  di^^grac©  and  death*  Read  tli© 
fallowing  note  tr*  an  arLlcle  by  Carlyle, 
on  Jenn  Paul  Ricliteri  and  inserted  in  th© 
Edinburgh  Rvvi^^w,  of  l%27 :—'' Msihe- 
tioa — from  aiaOtn'Ofimt  to  leeL  A  word 
loyenied  by  Bautugarten  (sotne  eighty 
years  ago),  to  eipre?^  getjerttlly,  th© 
Seicncs  0/  the  Fmt  ArU^  and  now  in 
imiversal  u&e  amotjg  the  Germntj*.  Per^ 
hc^i*  we^  (^U&t  plight  m  t^dl  adopt  it^  at 
hoMt  if  any  §uch  mm^ee  i^h&uld  eter  arm 
amongst  wjj/* 

A^  fur  whether  th©  "science*'  hoi  ever 
aris<^ti  aiDong  u%  we  shall  not  pretend  to 
decide  ;  bat  compare  the  Then,  witlv  the 
Now — when  our  flunkeyti  and  imr  uiSl* 
liners  talk  nothing  shoit  of  soothe tically* 


**Hei  mihi,  qualifi  ^mtl  qn&nimsk  mutJk- 
im  &h  ith  j^th4tm  P^ 

A  man  of  ''  eense,"  then,  is  a  man  of 
/^^tn^— and  only  tnen  of  feeling  aro  naen 
of  sense  ?.,.,. J t  may  be  too  sweeping; 
but,  certes  l^etween  ?lie  man  of  noble 
heart  and  he  of  gre iit  good  &eose,  there  b 
a  do6e  enough  connection  ;  and  per  ha  pi 
there  ia  a  [^rufoander  veradtj  I  ban  we 
might  lie  apt  to  t^uppu^e  in  the  old 
masim:  Quantum  tumm  «€imu§.  At 
least  it  might  do  as  no  harm  to  havo  a 
little  mere  faith  io  lieart-tel lings  aud  a 
httl©  1e^  in  the  mere  dietates  of  mor- 
tality. 

*'We  |fv«  In  d»di,  flot  ftug;  in   tbwMg^u^  not 

breiiUiJ ; 
In  fSteUags,  not  In  ap^KJ  «q  a  diiJ, 
Wei  tbottld  ^oua%  tLoEui  bf  It^ut^ihro^" 

Bo  saitl)  Feat  us.  And  so  did  w% 
throogh  child IjoodV  ^Hoog,  variooa^  ago* 
nisei  ng"  years,  in  our  child  home,  away 
far  rip  iu  tlie  '^  green,  airy  Fenilaods, 
— lulled  by  tlie  mellow  muMO  of  iby 
dashing  waters,  thou  loveli^t  wnterfa* 
of  Ilabbles  How.  Then  we  mea^^ured 
time,  not  by  th©  rigid  exact itnde  of  day* 
and  weeks,  and  months  aud  years ;  but 
years  by  the  springing  of  tl*e  primrosea 
on  the  sun-kiJ^jicd  braes ;  and  nionthsand 
weeks,  and  days,  by  tXte  exub«^raace  of 
our  emotions^ — and  that  was  hnundless^ 

Again,  what  an  eminently  unreason- 
able word  is  that  "*  reason,** — especially 
if  we  take  it  from  the  Latin  ruiio^  through 
the  French  raisoHf  for  mtii^  we  know 
to  be  from  reitr ;  aud  rcor  is  either  i 
verbificafcion  (excuse  the  word;  it  ift* 
however,  ^uiiahle  enongh^  sinoe  t^rhl^ 
cMia  is  classionl),  from  rw— thus  acoord* 
ing,  in  its  olementa,  with  "^Hhougbt^  aa 
we  saw  before  ; — ^nr  it  is  from  /»** — 
which  is  none  other  than  a  fluxu*  t^fto* 
rum.  80,  it  would  &eetn  that  ourfneudi 
of  the  olden  times  imagined  ihiit  hr  wh<> 
talked  the  most  glibly,  hail  tlie  looiit  of 
*^  reason  ;"^ — avait  pii^s  que  i^rsonne  la 
ralson^  que  tout  3e  momlo  avail,— and 
was,  j/ar  c^nteqttetite^  the  roost  re^isoi^ 
ahU  man, 

We  are  all  familiar  with  the  Words- 
worth ean  aud  Coleridgeandistiuctioo  bt*- 
tween  '*  imagination,^*  and  ** fancy  ;**  wo 
will  not  rt^|>eat  it,  but  merely  mention 
that  the  root  of  imagijiatioii  i«  ••nw^tf, 
an  imngt^  \—\%  is  therefore 
makitig  faculty.    "  Fancy  '*  1 ,  i^ 

nearer  the  original)  is  from  'v^nr/icr.jj— 


18M^]  Bamhks  ot*fr  the  Rmltni  of  Virht  and  SuhatanHim, 


i,  #,,   the  [lOwcr   wlticb   pDMlut^Jca    the 

♦«^G<yM«— die  pbiitiUatns.     Thus  w«  see 

L  llie  (lift  Li  lift  iun  litaj  more  in  tin?  atiplU 

f.  cation — [H?rhft^»s  mare  in  'Mimtj^iuiiiioti  " 

\  -"— til jin     in      die      w* « itl*k      1 1  h> i n i^el v  cr, 

*  Fancy,"    **  phnittnay,"    '^famaslicAV  * 

*pil»Don»ena,**  nro  nil  of  tbt?ui  frum  the 
^^  I  root — *oi^►(J,aml  thoir  nigjiificMioui 
F#ra  ippKrent  enmigb,  "  Ileart,^'  too, 
Wlwit  s  word  llmt  i*  I  Axid  how  UtUo 
[liftTe  all  Tbo  tli<nii^ttiKl  c4jn»|ikM  rL*klum*3 
.  tti  which  wo  employ  it,  to  do  with  that 
[  pour,  prtlpStivtJtig  Tuass  of  bkod  and  fibre, 
>  to  which  tbt^  uiiiiie  {iniporW  Wlongst 
tb<jn  the  hm^  train  of  n^latiourt, 
rand  rich,  lltal  aitjtcb  themftelve^  to 
*  Hearty;*  *^Uonltal,"  {mr,  ^^rdU), 
rUok  10  al'«o  kfiarty;  **  courage/* 
Fltbroti^  the  French,  and  from  6€»ur% 
i^eDoooittge,''  '^concord,"  "dkoord.**— 

E.  T,  X. 

Wliftt  af«aHV]lty  ithyidcal  origin  h  tliat 

<if     "  fietnorae  *"    rttmrdeo depicdog, 

fltb  an  ai^j^jUIin^  vividneHa,  the  j^tuyw- 

■->  «*r  hUu^f$  Uiat  go  on  within  the 

I  aftar  thi»  cofnuii^tJon  of  any  unman- 

or    nngodhnoHi^,     80   **  Kcru[*Je,'' 

bich  li  itt»t  ttrupuluM^  the  little  bit  of 

iT^l  wKich   WHS  wont  io  ofl^n  to  get 

Dto  tli«  v^r^  i^jien  h\\m%  of  the  Romaos, 

piroduoo    trnuble    and    heal  tan  ev. 

«  fan  '    *  -r  yon  I     **  Theory'H 

nd  **i|ier  :  bath  of  tJi**m  imply 

8  *"**-* ""  !«sm platings  nbatmet* 

t  rvfi^ronce    to    the 

'  ,  LKTikti^ — the    acting, 

X  I  Vi\  U J  e  t » n  4  i  iw^^A  ike  fnon  ]  ty  j . 

*  HI  id    **  viaionary  "  (  tiVi^^    to 

r  .  L  gc rj«? rie  all bn eo  w I  rJ I  I  ho 

[  UM.I,  biw  ^"^  L"ont«nifjbttc>ti," 

1  it  *e«-*i  >n  d  iiry  o  n  tt .     *  *  0*>j  j  to  m  - 

I  \VolpAt<»r  teUn  u«,  **  i*  tbe  act  of 

I  iliu  J..    .  ;  !  !    'Hiiiidcritig  witli  attention," 

[Thb  •  _  1,        iuu,  of  eourtMJ,  it  rcocivoa 

f^om    tlitj   VMfb  to  i>jiii«ui[>lale*     The 

[  <>rigi n  of  1  h4»  word  is  d ubi *  *f j s ,    Orahh,  i  n 

111*   wretched    book   on    "Synonyml^" 

iayp  tliat  it  ooma«  from  **  conismphr, 

and  that  frooD  tfmplum^  a  terr^- '-    *^"^'' 

~*tin0  iKtflaeig  mo§tfitiid  /*>r  ^ 

\$f^n  r    I^eY«jr«t  t,  h o w# ver,  in  „ .     i . ,   11 

llarlooD,  Tiiak^e)  it  tH*m  ^n  and  Umpium^ 

l4.«.t  •  {4a' <'  rriiiii  which  tliera  U  a  free 

mpectf 

A**iiiii;  i4jofta  A^m^tJmj^Ietc 

^-♦ifw  plic*^^'  sk\{\i  (1 11 !,  do  n  hli  ng,  wit  bout 
Jbld  m  hU  idiaracter ;  the  lionet  ty  of 
IfhuMi  iib|iO«itkii  ii  pttrftMStJj  luminotia. 


It    it    iLlti:»gether    honorrit)lo   to   hntxiao 
nature  tliat    tbb    bcimtifti!ly   ingvinious 
witrd  should  be  tthus*d  uj*  it  js^  and  form 
ibti  nxit  of  that  other  word»  ^Jipreneivii 
of  every  thing  that  \%  weak  in  intvdfeot, 
"^im pit* ton?"     A  man  of  **Juphdty,"' 
oti  the  coutraryf  U  a  tiiati  of  a  doubb 
fold  in  hia  cbaracti5r— a  man  of  dmibis'^ 
dtatiug,      A     **  !*«htle|"    or    *'  stibtlle  ** 
person  is  one  wlmse  nj<itivc5  of  aotlaa 
are  ''"  finw  spun  " — muhtitU^  L   «.^  subtil  ' 
tiliji.    ISo,  104.1,  an  '*Meut45'*  pdf^^on  is  none  ' 
other  ilian  a  "abarp^''  pcfAon.     And  h 
will  douhUe«i  he  readily  oonceded  that 
w^  all    have  our   "  nn&^ton/*  and  hm 
all  **aj>o**tle«**  of  Bometbing  or  oiher— ^ 
when  tbt*  latter  only  asstjnis  that  wo  ard 
a^^nt,    atid  the  former  but  disdarca  tha 
object  of  this  en^y. 

Once  nio.t\  a  ratJonal  ** skcptidano,^' 
u  not  a  bad,  but,  011  th<j  other  hand 
rat  her  a  d  e^i  n  ^  •!  '>  i  u .  s ,  -^  T  r  in,  in  fact, 
tli«  grewl  r  !«.■  in  hn^ 

man  belief;  :  lur,  1  de- 

liljeratc,  I  try  ooncinaiion-*  with  yos* 
B«Md<?Sf  juanaJogne  "  do  id  it,  "  u\\t%  \\%  a 
IjUrnpw  into  a  [irt^ity  profound  veracity: 
duhUm^  dubitts^  duo — 1  li>ok  at  the  ((/tw) 
lifto,  the  donblf?  pba:i«^  of  ibiun^:  aDd.^ 
keeping  tbem  both  In  bij^dtt,  [  «<uApotid  \ 
my  t'4>ndn?*lon.  Ai-d  tin*  pro vi nee  of 
the  true,  the  hon<:«t  hkcptii^(mi]eh  though 
the  debasing  tendeneies  of  niiuikind  have 
pliipod  lbc«0  word?:,  *'buiie9t**  and 
*'(ikqitii3-^  at  variani^e  with  ^acb  other) 
\a  Uy  say— **  Why  stick  to  Viiur  one  iida 
wb<?n  there  are  two  ti>  be  taken  into 
ooQ^lderatlon^  and  a  tfmuMnul  ibiugs  in 
bcaven  and  earth  that  are  not  dream<»cl 
of  in  your  philosopby  V^  For  there  ar* 
two  side*  to  every  thing*  bow^ivor  tenu* 
ouj^  it  may  be ;  there  are  rb<^  plieEiomonal 
and  t!io  r«al;  tlit-Te  are  tbu  relalivL*  and 
the  absfilnte;  and  every  teat^lung  of 
life  or  moral*  [KjlntM  bil  her  ward  and 
thitherward*  t*»o.  And  vvc  nmy  vouturia 
to  Niy  that  tbcrt'  U  not  a  dogrna  which 
can  jhisrtjbly  be  brongbt  11  jj  btit  what  any 
of  UH  miy,  tti  a  i^firtial  <i3tt*>nt,  HcMir, 
Will  V  o  u  try  p  h  i  I  i>m  p  hy  ?  *  *  6Vy  1  *'«  tr^g 
turn:'''  I^nt,  a«  tJie  pupil  in  Bcbillar^ 
*^  rhU*j*opb«ri  **  iaye : 

**  k$  t  tiklBk  t  tstoL    *Tli  i9odt     Boi  wha  ilwt^ 

LiUi^kli^T 
Oft  1*f«  »iJ<t*d  v'te  w^v>  t  Uv  }Mn  ISUAUm  Sf 

And  m  w«  all  ha^o  our  rdidy-re^ofi«r« 


608 


Bamblet  over  the  Realms  of  Verbs  and  SubstanHveM, 


[Daor 


fall  of  "buts"  and  "provisos;"  and  we 
find  ourselves  sticking  on  tlie  horns  of 
a  dilemma  with,  or  without,  a  moment^s 
wari)iDg.  Materialism  is  true,  to  a  cer- 
tain extent ;  and  so  is  idealism,  and  mys- 
ticism, and  skepticism,  and  heathenism, 
and  bibleism — ^but  wo  cannot  say  that 
any  one  or  all  of  them  is  truth ;  that 
exists  only  in  the  profundities  of  the 
divine  heart.  And  so  it  is  witli  things 
universally  ;  we  see  and  have  to  do  with 
things  relatively ;  the  absolute,  to  us, 
exists  only  in  the  desire. 

And  tliis,  then,  is  the  trne  ground  for 
the  skeptic;  not  of  unbelieving  and 
proud  universal  denying;  not  the  shal- 
low levity  of  intellect ;  far  less  a  vain 
Tom  Paineism  and  mocking  of  every- 
thing that  is  gr)od  and  venerable ;  but  a 
generous  credulity  in  the  boundlessness 
of  truth,  whether  found  in  infinitesi- 
malest  of  gold-grains  sown  universe- 
wide — or  in  solid  ingots,  hid  in  the  the- 
saurus of  a  faith  or  a  system. 

And  in  this  sense  is  it  that  skepticism 
18  the  great  conservative  or  preservative 
principle  in  human  belief.  And  this 
Bpecies  of  skepticism  is  it  that  must  be 
induced  into  our  age,  before  we  can  hope 
to  arrive  at  the  day-star  of  truth.  It  is 
the  lack  of  our  era.  For  people  must  be 
brought  to  doubt  that  they  are  in  the 
best  possible  condition,  before  we  can 
hope  to  remedy  them.  They  must  come 
into  violent  contact  with  some  hard 
rocks  of  truth,  whose  existence  they  did 
not  dream  of,  before  they  can  be  made 
to  appreciate  that  they  are  not  altogether 
in  the  right,  and  that  other  people  are 
not  altogether  in  the  wrong.  They  must 
be  made  suspicious  of  themselves — ren- 
dered ....  aKenTucoi — thinkers! 

But  this  is  getting  mortally  wearisome 
(this  is  supposed  to  be  spoken  "  aside  " 
you  know) ;  so,  revenans  d  noa  moutons 
— which,  in  this  instance,  means,  back 
to  our  "roots."  Let  us  have  some 
words. 

"Profound,"  "Recondite,"  "Time," 
"Past,"  "Future,"  "Present,"  "Skill," 
"Probity,"  "Providence,"  "Sincere," 
"Serious,"  "Frugal,"  "Exist,"  "Reli- 
pon,"  "  Intrinsic,"  "Interest," Instinct," 
"  Enthusiasm,"  "  Essence,"  "  Quintes- 
sence." 

There  is  a  score.  But  only  a  score, 
out  of  the  thousand  and  one  (literally) 
that  we  have  amassed  as  illustrative  of 
this  same  portion  of  our  theme. 


"Profound,"  is  just  "deep"— piv- 
fundus ;  penetrating  down  to  the  "bot- 
tom "  of  things.  By  the  way,  intellect 
seems  to  possess  all  the  dimensions  of 
extension.  Thus,  we  speak  of  X*s  great 
"breadth  of  thought;  of  the  "lofty" 
genius  of  Y ;  or  of  t\ie  far-seeing  intelli- 
gence of  Z. 

"  Recondite,"  again,  is  what  is  reeon>~ 
ditum — ^liidden  from  the  superficial,  un- 
believing gaze.  What  a  story  does  this 
tell  us  of  the  great  "  Open  Secret "  of  the 
universe,  as  Fichte  so  appreciating!/ 
terms  it ;  a  secret,  and  yet  not  a  secret — 
"esoteric,"  {taCtrcpog — interior)  and  yet 
"  exoteric  "  e^urepo^ — exterior) — hidaea 
from  the  wise  and  prudent  (in  their  own 
imaginings),  and  yet  "  revealed  " — revelo 
— unveiled  to  those  exercising  the  faith 
and  the  humility  of  babes.  Nor  does 
there  exist  the  problem  for  which  be- 
nign nature  will  not  give  the  response, 
will  we  but  wisely  and  trustingly  inter- 
rogate her.    For  we  know  that  she 

"  Neyer  did  betrmj 
The  heart  that  loyed  her.** 

"The  answer  lies  around,  written  in 
all  colors  and  motions,  uttered  in  all 
tones  of  jubilee  and  wsol,  in  thousand- 
figured,  thousand-voiced,  harmonious  na- 
ture ;  out  where  is  the  cunning  eye  to 
whom  that  Grod-written  apocalypse  will 
yield  articulate  meaning?  We  sit  as  in 
a  boundless  phantasmagoria  and  dream- 
grotto;  boundless,  for  the  faintest  star, 
the  reviotest  century,  lies  not  even 
nearer  the  verge  thereof;  sounds  and 
varied-colored  visions  flit  around  our 
sense;  but  Him,  the  unslumbering, 
whose  work  both  dream  and  dreamer 
are,  we  see  not — except  in  rare,  half- 
waking  moments,  suspect  not."* 

There,  now  I  Is  not  that  glorious! 
Gk>,  then,  and  venerate  the  seer. 

"Time,"  we  get  through  the  Saxon 
tima — analogous  in  all  the  Teutonio 
dialects,t  and  allied  to  the  Latin  tern- 
pus  which  we  know  to  be  from 
Tifwo) — and  implying,  consequently,  the 
cutting  ojff\  or  separating  of  day  and 
night  by  the  sun.  See  how  a  pnrelv 
metaphysical  relation  will  take  its  appel- 
lation from  an  intensely  physical  radix. 
"Past,"  too,  if  connected,  at  its  base, 
with  the  Latin  paseci  and  the  Greek 
iraria^  and  the  Sanscrit  pad^  to  go, 
denotes  but  tiie  stepped  over,  the  "  by- 


^  Sartor  Reiartof. 

t  Dan.  Time;  Swed.  Tbnma ;  IceL Time:  OaeL  or 
IL  tad  Port.  Tempo ;  Sp.  Tlempo. 


lne.TImorTym.  OomparoalM  with  the  DreDchTMVs; 


1654,]  Rambif4  over  the  Beaima  a/  Ver^  and  Suhsiaf^tivu. 


W% 


\ ;"  t^  ifforriog  to  Ibd  saind  figure, 

ri  Biljj  *''  Ftttm^^*  tg«ia,  ii  the  ah^ntt  t4> 

lltf.      Now,    ikh    s«emji     metaphjiical 

{taotigli,  but  l#t  lis  aaaljEe  a  little^  «ad 

M    what    FeeolutioQ    It   Will    give   aa. 

_  *  Fatur^*'  w©  know  to  be  but  the  fti- 

tor*   pftrticipl©— /ttfiiriw— of   tlift  verb 

mm^  \o   lic^, — ovLckntly^  howev«r,  it  la 

imm  A  difTiKreot  t.  i.  the  6e«ondAfj  root* 

rBiat  ihii  teeondju^  roi>t  w,  undoubtedly, 

[;|d  be  ft^iind  In  the  obsolete  /«<? ;  which 

Ifriih  ftH^  are  probably  twlu  ofiEahoota 

Lfrom  ih«  8«n9crlt  &Alt  Now,  fi5*j  carries 

^tii#  id«ft  Qf  growings  atmng ,  coming  into 

'  eing;  but  there  is  a  primarr  Bigniflea- 

JMon  Ijihg  back  of  thia,  najneij,  that  of 

rWoff    hrmtQkt   f&rth^     h^4ftUrh  ;     the 

r**  future,"  tbcrcf*jre,  is  tliat  whicb  b  eoa- 

IHaoaJijr  b«ing  bruugbt  fortJi  from   tire 

IVomh  of  time.    The  **  present  "*  is  the 

(pneee  i  *.  ptfo  and  ens)— the 

dngnr    the    lying   before    u^.       Aneut 

[which,  flud  to  wa»h  down  all  this  ety- 

^nolo^c  jargon,  take  the  foliowmg  from 

ttit  JtoiAttne  qf  %h4  Eq^  : 

and  rt«Ut«i«  er«^t«^iitb  «!«, 
^4  ltd  I  III  tn^m  iM  prfrlty, 
flul  t»  a  Hsilb  illtrif 
Ttet  tl  In  M*  piloot4vtmtti  «PWi 
aad  mf^m  ll  «•  fmIiIi  otTW, 
B«t  f«vtli  «i  lliil  iBd  fUMlli  it* 
l^t  Hwr  b"!*  aaa  llN^  laiaiklo  Bai« 
WTiit  tlnie  Ihftt  i»w  prf««nt  li^ 
aabllb  St  Off**  CTt««  CLl«rkU  iMi  ^ 

Tfc«  tiiM  rih»t  BAl*  a*t  t^Mn, 
iU  |Qia  ml  mil  p*Y«r  f«l&fa«, 
At  vallr  Mmi  4o«a«  roAnlili  «1«, 
Bel  ft«f«f  4f«fi^  rtfkriM  naif/* 

"SkiU**  (Sox  Ian}  ^^  ^^«  di^lin^iihlng^ 

tiWdlng,  sepirmilng  faculty.  **Pn>bjly^ 

ill  Bfi  otb«r  thai)  what  Is  pf«»&ii#— ap- 

'  proved  (<  fbitiid  good,  ^omfm  U  /aui  f 

*^  Fmvid^inot"  to  pf«ciiillf/?r«^Al-Hl0d 

Spll€<d  10  the  iAtf  H  it  iadicatlvt  of 
tn  wbona  latniaona  ^aiioo  penetntai 
IfltD  tlie  ubaair«at  abyiaei  of  tK«  onmsQif 
(lime;    and    the    tinlforra    and    anit'old 
b/tlitn  t)f   whcme  cjibtonoe  aofitUtiitMi 
doe,  »a*l,  pr«M*ntp  and  fature.    "  Bin- 
(if  W«b4ter*«  deriraUoD  of  It  be 
pwofth  anything)  In  fiW  egrd — ^wfrhoiit 
^  Wan  t.  #.  ptir©  hiin<?y, — bow  exprewire  T 

*,  nine  rifitii), 
iMu-ti  ^i  hsaritkg  (fro* 

iga1i«,    fr^  pruLit;     so    it 

VOoM  aVi*^'***  wMiiM^xiiCv  t«  nut  m««rvly 
1^  Ml  A  teidedly  p<»lti?e 


guality.  To  *^  exist"  b  «tw(!^> — to  stand 
forth,  to  appear,  to  become  tuanlfeet; 
and  one^a  ^'  existeuoe^^  u  his  manifit^m' 
ZiQT^  his  abowing  forth*  **  Religion"  It  \ 
the  binding  over  agato,  tkt  new  bmd^ 
"  Intrinsic**  is  infy, — having  relitinn  not 
to  the  deoeptivQ  outaide,  but  to  tliat 
which  is  within,  **  IjiteP0e*t*'  is  literally 
Inter  esse — to  be  among;  and  heuoe 
that  which  concerns,  &o.  **  Instinct"  is 
an  indt^cuentf  aa  jmpalae,  an  imtif^ 
iion,  **  Kotlmaiftsm"  h  hSewjtmft^-^ 
iv$iof  ^-pomeamd  by  a  6<^-~Qr  one  who 
Imagines  that  )ie  is,  Spino^^  then,  to 
wljo«n  KoTalifi,  on  account  of  Ijjs  fer- 
rency  in  assertliig  the  existence  «f  a  di- 
Tittity  in  ro  wttv — ga^e  the  Biip^U^tion  of 
the  **  Uod-iutoticMited  maJi/*  perhape 
preeeatd  ua  with  the  most  atHking  radi- 
cal representative  of  this  faculty, 

'' E^nenoe  **  ii  the  being— tiio  #«j— 
that  which  there  it  of  nltirniite  and  spi- 
ritnal  in  anytbitig.  **Qiiiia4?«s*fue<3  "  is  a 
oompciuud  uf  tiie  preceding;  and  ia,  as 
It  iu^plic*<^  Uie  Mh  easeQce,  that  la,  ao-  , 
cording  to  the  alchemical  nation^  tho 
last  and  liightiat  enenoe  of  power  In  a 
Batoral  hodr.  Ptrhap^  however^  it 
may  have  refereuoe  to  tho  Pythaforeflii 
thoorj  c^  nnmbers — of  which  we  idl 
know  a  hule;  and  from  which,  could  w# 
but  get  into  the  C4<ntre  theretj^  we  might 
derive  sooYt-  '  '^igh  leasons,    Tnat 

Hiere  be  -  i  >  -uumber!i  in  tbiAgp 

and  tlielr  luauuiua  relatioua*^  umam  to 
the  r«£b0Hfi  lolod  «  tnatier  not  dlil- 
onlt  of  eredence.  And  perchance  in  the 
great  onwnrd  rhytiirn  of  t'xi^leiuM?  there 
Ii  toore  of  tnaihcmaTics  tlmn  we  might 
b«  iiit  to  nuppoie.  On  the  mimmit  of 
ln!4dfeettial  gmndeiin  says  Madame  d« 
Siael,  the  geniaa  of  Homer  and  of  New^ 
ton  Join  band  in  hand,  and  io  in  lift. 
High  over  ui  eoumd  Uie  eternal  »pher^ 
mdudiea:^ 

*'  Tlw  Mtfflee*  flf  tih*  vblrltDf  wwH 

Wttkli  iiirei  r»iieil  tfa*  •tia.'^ 

And  all  afonfid  us  tmiitdii  ^  th#  aoltau 
harp  of  the  ntilvefia,^  reeonant  with 
jubilee  and  waiV  boating  time  to  tbd 
march  of  inieilect,--<inw»rdt  on wmrd^  aver 
onward  Lowanli  the  goal  of  parfootioil. 

"naftOiiivhiilM  lait 
01a4tt«ai  M<l  torr«ir  i 
Wt  pnu  **iU  irionv, 

NAQitll  UlAi  4bl4f«  Us  II 


*  It  If  i^M«*^  tk%t  Of  fmmnmm 


»i«^'  wBi  i«  tb*  l4rwi«ic«i  ttftiff 


610  P>ec 


IN    THE    LAN^. 

THE  roses  lingering  in  the  west, 
Soft  lastre  swooning  through  the  sky^ 
The  meadow  blossoms  kissed  to  rest, 
A  dying  bird  song  floating  bj. 

Old  dusky  woodlands  soothed  with  balm 
On  mouDtains  hushed  in  twilight  trance. 

The  glossy  eve's  delicious  calm, 

Drowned  by  the  stream's  voluptuoufl  dance. 

The  soft  dew  silvering  hawthorn  bloom, 
Faint  crimson  buds  along  the  ledge, — 

Two  faces  in  the  tender  gloom 
Between  the  lindens  and  the  hedge ; 

Two  beamy  faces  young  and  sweet, 
Cheek  meeting  cheek  in  tenderest  trust, 

White  garlands  strewn  by  waiting  feet, 
And  fire-flies  showering  golden  dust. 

They  made  in  this  familiar  place 
The  sweet  completion  Nature  sought, 

And  all  the  scene's  divinest  grace 
Perfection  from  their  beauty  caught. 

There  were  no  vows  nor  splendid  speech 
To  break  love's  tranced  and  golden  dream; 

Heart  flowed  as  truly  each  to  each 
As  in  one  channel  stream  with  stream. 

There  in  the  May's  embalmed  repose, 
Fair  as  if  always  nursed  with  May, 

Their  red  lips  flashing  in  one  rose, 
Whose  sweetness  in  eacb  bosom  lay. 

They  seemed  the  perfect  dream,  that  steals. 
At  times,  adowu  life's  morning  sky. 

And  for  one  blessed  hour,  reveals 
The  joy  that  haunts  us  till  we  die. 

Like  silvered  raven-down,  the  dark 
Kept  floating  through  the  hawthorn  lane. 

And  still  the  fire-fly's  lustrous  spark 
Fell  on  the  dusk  like  amber  rain. 

A  tremor  through  the  daisied  grass, 

A  murmur  like  a  happy  bird, 
A  low  bough  bent  for  one  to  pass, 

And  all  as  if  no  leaf  had  ctirred. 

The  silvery  dusk  along  the  lane. 
Kept  stealing  by  the  creamy  hedg;e, 

And  felt  for  those  warm  lips  in  vain, 
Glear  to  the  runlet's  lilied  edge. 

Grone  through  the  shadows — nevermore 
With  cheek  to  cheek  they  hither  came 

The  great  world  crushes  on,  and  o'er 
Its  sweetest  blossoms  leaves  no  name. 


I 


1154,] 


611 


AMKEIGAH    WI17BS. 


IN  ili^  kst  tinmberf  hj  the  help  of  the- 
aretical  mxh  aud  itAttstical  rnddi^rf 
we  otm/^  pleiiiaiitl;  along  die  margin 
of  this  irr^t  inbj<!«t;  h^re  imd  tliere 
mftpt>ittf  dowD  tlia  i^roiniiieDt  laod-raarks, 
not  ludiHMl  with  tW  li^])«  of  making  a 
reltflble  rbart^  but  for  the  purpose  of 
oaLIing  uttention  to  it  t!mt  ott^cr?  may 
"  k  do.    In  (ncU  it  is  Jiot  tlie  labor  of  one, 

Bt  th*?  united  lifcb*3ni  of  ma^y  that  can 
f!'  1  Uii^  object;    the  otp^nenco 

i-  iheg^r  of  tho  tkjutfi  b  dis- 

I  •  iTom  that  of  hiM  bratbtsr 

cii  '  1 1 15    harhu  grAjNdd  do  not 

lio I i  r ; Ml  1 1 M  L I  i  K*! rvf] I  laii tu dee,  nor  are  Uie 
itiodt'**  of  cahiire  at  all  Kitniiar,  la  tak* 
ito|f,  iht*n,  A  gTonpTTil  rhvfy  we  mtist  necos- 
iarily  Iks  imperfect  Iq  tiartitiyJani ;  not 
fhiiii  want  ol  material,  bat^  on  tlio  con- 
tniy,  from  the  abim dance  of  it.  Otar 
ItUei^  two  in  number,  are  ladeu  witli 
liooka,  pjtmjjljict*,  paiMsra,  fevii?w»^  sia- 
tiitics,  ieUor* — )in  grape  ciilturo ;  on 
wlntf'^.  tiaiivi»  and  foreign ;  oti  diaeaaoi  of 
the  vine;  on  lu^^ts  that  prov  npoa  it; 
nil  diJM  a*^  of  th«  huumn  family  cored  bf 
it  {**  TU«  Grap*j  Cure*') ;  on  t«mperailoe 
Aod  inWinptffanca;  on  tbe  evila  of  rutn 
And  riiOting;  on  ruiAin^s  and  reaaon^;  and 
on  a  boirt  of  anabgona  suiyeota ;  noTier- 
lliflaiii^  with  inch  applkdoei  and  means 
10  w«»  have  we  ihalJ  proceed,  and^  aa  Bt 
Faal  did,  when  be  mw  tbe  three  tavemi, 
^  thank  Ood  and  tak«  eonragaw^* 

How  many  kinda  cif  gmpei  are  imtive 
to  the  United  StaLea  it  l»  Impoieible  to 
Mjy;  Dr.  HaHnetKiQe  oatatogtiei  forty  spo- 
detf  and  one  hnndred  rariettee  in  a  lit  tic 
hand4nmk  of  vine-i,  published  in  1830, 
wbit'h  b(s  of  fern  'Va^  the  ruttuU  of  hie  ob- 
ttarvati«m'»  duHng  Tu.any  Year«,  and  many 
■nrtd  miU**  *if  travH^/^»    8in<30  this 


waa  ] 
baa  ti^ 
that  v^ 
Scau- 

tl»ey   J 


to  much  new  territory 
to  otir  gr^^iil  It^pubiiG, 
•  *i  ttbV  to  etitirtK'rat^  Ibo 
i'%  rnnch  K**A  th*>  vim^* 
rr,  Tho  Vint  omtjiri«?«  of 
Ti^xa*  and  (California,  pmfnm  Kii  native 
vinv*  of  <jitraL*rd[nary  prodoctiveneM, 
would  t^rnn  employ  the  trnturitlUt  in 
tills  piifult  for  tnany  ycmra,  perbajM 
for  A  ilfotlfiKt, 

In  tho  old  worldj  ^'ihe  rJlinate  m*Mt 
oongvnial  to  the  eultttre  of  ibip  vine  ex- 


Mi  fagi  Oil,) 

londa  from  the  S5th  to  tlie  50tb  degrees 
of  nortii  iatitude;  and  iti*  betw*?eii  theee 
pomU  ihat  the  njotit  oelebraled  vineyarda, 
And  the  counme*  richcat  in  wine,  afe 
placed,"  BO  says  Henderson*  It  k  lingular 
that  tljese  are  almost  precisely  tlie  geogra- 
phical liruita  of  the  United  Statea^  north 
and  noiitb ;  and  a:a  we  have  already  laid^ 
there  h  not  one  native  grape  in  Europe, 
so  wt*  may  alijo  eay,  tiiat  tbore  is  not  a 
State  in  ine  Union  without  many— from 
Canada  to  tbe  Rio  Graode,  from  the  At- 
lantio  to  the  Pacific.  Not  inaptly  then 
was  tbe  new  world  called  *'  Vine  Land^* 
by  ite  diaoovei-srs  the  Daae».  There 
was  always  aomething  appropriate  and 
significant  in  that  strong  old  Norse 
tongne. 

Although  tbe  aoconnts  ttGtn  CarLfomia 
and  Teias  tre  Tery  far  from  complete  in 
regard  to  grape  cnlturci  yet  all  state- 
menta,  all  travellers,  agree  as  la  Ibe 
wonderfhl  profuajon  of  vine*  in  both 
oonntrie«v  ^^^  ^^^i^  great  prodnctive- 
nenL  Wine  i^  now  made  on  tbe  Pacifle, 
not  in  abuctdaaoe,  but  f>till  with  reinlta 
ao  aatlB^lary,  tiiat  it  will  be  but  few 
years  before  it  ii  an  establiahed  soiiree 
of  revenue  to  tbe  StAte.  We  bear  of 
one  fanner  there  raiaiog  90,000  [H^nndi 
of  impea  aonnally ;  of  premiums  given 
for  the  beat  winea ;  of  buneben  weighing 
from  one  to  eleven  pound*  eaeh.t  TheJr 
gra|i«ei  al»o  are  repfeeente<l  t*>  be  larger 
than  ours,  ^^  large  w  plcims,'^^  and  «upe^ 
rior  in  nulur  and  Havor.  The  ht^rnaa 
too  are  very  tender  and  tbe  Hkint*  thin. 
The  vines  are  pruned  down  to  two,  or 
two  and  a  Imlf  fe<?t  from  the  ground,  and 
the  large,  Inflolont  tnasfteji  of  fruit  met 
ntion  the  lap  of  tlie  oomtnon  mother. 
Above  the  surfaoe  gfipeaf  at»d  Mow  \t^ 
goid*  We  might  almo^ti  quoie  the  wofdi 
of  Lear,  and  say  to  our  yanngeM  dangh* 
tflr,  Oalifomia: 

JklUHMiirlt  iior  hkit  aed  Imil ;  lo  «hw*  f^nat  Urn 

BiTlTV  14  h*  latanmM ;  ini«i  «ui  faii  iur,  n>  dr«v 
a  ililfa  iMTt  «fal«iil  UiftA  lour  ililtrt  f 


An.! 
hi*r  JK11  i 
or  of  tb' 


.  ftfljs  "n^Mhiii^;"bat 
^lih  tlic  UkmI  4>f  klogai 
•  1.4  that  make  them. 


m^mmn  Wtnes, 


pec 


The  grapes  of  CaJiforoia  are  called 
"Catawba,**  bj  some  *' SweetwaUsn" 
The  berries  are  obloBg,  e^-ehapet!,  of  a 
light  reddish-brown  color;  in  flavori 
delicious;  they  are  destitute  of  palp, 
and  BO  tender  as  to  be  dilScult  to  handle. 
LiJie  all  the  re^  of  our  native  grape«  of 
any  value,  they  ar©  claimed  to  bi  **  of 
foreign  origin/*  Iliiitory  is  thus  falsi- 
fied, and  our  vines  robbed  of  their 
birtiriifht  M^or  Adlum  diAcoverg  a 
fine  grape  in  the  gardens  of  Mr.  John- 
Bon^  near  Frederiotowu,  Md.,  and 
another  in  the  gardens  of  Mrs.  Beholl,  of 
Olarksburgh.  He  fisys,  **^A  German 
iideat^  who  saw  Mrs*  Soholl^a  Tiue  in  full 
MAing,  and  when  ripe,  proaoaneed  it 
the  true  Tokay,  and  says  he  Baw  the 
same  kind  growing  in  Tf-fcay,  in  Hun- 
gary T'  The  SchuykiU  Mosoadeli  was 
chriiStened  "The  Cape  grape^"  as  Mr, 
Longwortb  aays,  **  to  give  it  reputation,** 
and  to  this  day,  many  believe  it  to  be  a 
native  of  AtHca,  althoagh  its  wild 
brethren  are  found  in  plenty  all  over 
Pen  OBJ  1  van!  a*  The  Isabella,  formerly 
called  the  Laspeyro  grape,  was  U?st  to  as 
in  this  wise.  A  stage-ooacli  broke  down 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Mr.  Laspeyre*a 
farm,  near  Payetteville,  N.O.,  and  a 
Spanish  gentleman,  who  woa  a  passen- 
ger, happening  to  ask  if  there  were  no 
grapes  cultivated  in  the  neighborhood^ 
was  told  of  Mr,  L,'s  vineyard,  cloee  by» 
Upon  entering  the  incloaure,  his  first 
exdamation  waa,  **  Ha !  you  have  got 
my  eiiuntryman  here.  I  know  him 
well,  and  it  is  one  of  the  finest  grapes  in 
Bpdnl*'*  *'The  Herbemont,''  alsa,  ie 
said  to  be  un  alieu,  although  Mr.  Lot^g- 
worth  Btatea  it  is  a  common  wild  vine 
of  the  west  and  sooth :  and  the  **  Scap- 
pernong"  derives  its  parentage  **fnim 
outtingB  wuiihed  ashore  from  a  stranded 
ehip  on  the  atorray  coast  of  North  Ca- 
rolina V^  Thus  our  American  graf^es 
are  at  once  **  recognized,**  so  soon  as 
they  emerge  from  their  native  forests 
i  and  iwamps,  jo  at  as  some  obeoure  person 
becomes  known  in  fashionable  society 


by  falling  heir  to  an  estate.  It  is  usoleaa 
to  reply  co  arguments  ba^d  upon  such 
trivial  testimony  in  regard  to  the  Euro- 
pean extraction  of  our  favorite  grapes. 
There  ia  one  expression  ani table  and  het* 
viceable  to  dispoae  of  thit,  and  kindred 
matters.  It  is  a  woard  derived  frotii  tha 
Sanscrit,  we  believe.  It  has  foar  li*tter9L 
With  a  proper  emphasisj  it  may  be  an- 
derstood  by  any  pereion,  even  witli  a 
very  limited  knowledge  of  English.  Tha 
first  letter  is  ''  B,'*  the  second  ^'U/*  the 
the  third  *^S,"  and  the  fourth  '*UV* 
Every  vine  dresser  of  any  ciperience 
knows  tliat  it  is  useless  to  attempt  the 
cultivation  of  any  foreigu  grapes  in  this 
conntry.  They  have  been  tried  a^in 
and  again.  The  late  lamented  Dowffiog 
gays—"  Mr*  Togo  of  is  sanguine  as  to  the 
In  trod  net  ion  of  the  foreign  grape  in  this 
country  for  open  vinevaKl  cuHnre,  Ths 
thing  is  impmmhU,  Thonsauds  of  tndi' 
viduats  have  tried  it  on  a  tmall  acale  in 
various  parts  of  the  Umoo  ;  and  several 
pensoni— aa,  for  example^  Mr.  Loobat| 
Mr.  Longwortb,  &c.,  of  great  exp^rienea 
abroad  or  knowledge  at  home,  joined  to 
abundant  capital,  have  fried  it  on  a  iafu^ 
icale.  The  result,  in  ^erif  eau^  has  been 
the  same;  a  season  or  two  of  promi^ 
then  utter  fail  ore,  and,  finally,  complete 
abaudontnent  of  the  theory.  The  only 
vineyards  ever  sncoeasful  in  America 
are  thone  of  American  grapes,""*!  We 
might  add  here  that  one  foreign  grape 
has  been  successiftdly  aoclimatid  hera^ 
and  only  one.  The  '^  Traminer,*'  from 
the  Rheingan,  a  small  berried  viiie,  lias 
been  persuaded  to  bear  with  ns,  by  Mi*, 
Longwortii.  But  this,  which,  on  accoitnt 
of  lU  sacoharine  qualities,  is  cnltivated 
at  homi)  to  mis  with  the  hard,  dry 
wines  of  l}ie  Rhine^  is  of  little  valuo  ia 
Aiuerti-a,  eicept  as  a  table  gnipe  ;  the 
wine  it  produces  does  not  atinKioi  to 
much.    If  wo  take  into  coi  % 

al^^o,  that  onr  laabelhis,  Cat^i  . 

still  reiaiu  tlte  mii^ky  ta*<te  fiecaJtai^  \m  m 
our  wild  gritpes ;  that  tliey  Imve  not  yet 
bean  enhivated  long  enough  to  lose  tliat 


*  ifwoner  on  Onpe-vtiiNf  Ac.    Brooklyri*  lS4fi. 

t  J«i«ph  TofAO.  Hfq.,  vide  !|r«a»iir,  '*  ^mm  aah^irl,"  WVlmlngtsiia,  H.a,  •  irfll«T  t, 


%  Of  Oie  viiriiDui  QYperimtihEj: 
Mr,  ParttiCTiik'r^  of  Loog  IslaTt 
abaddoD  tt.     Mr.  Tjoubat  plAri[> 
ImixtrM  vloei*  Mtid  tbey  tbrovt  gu' 
f&ritftr  Dtfi'apca  from  Bardeau^t  at]- 
f1i«j  dhl  not.  *uco«6d.    F^m  M>t<ld' 
rooted  mpy  after  Irtiil,  at  wdri' 
ft  trl&l  of  QTtf  fear  I  ^  tticM  aXm  • 
Tiue«  f^cmi  Bw\tmr\And  wEth  xj 


l*.iEeril  omc«  Rsporti* 

'  "KMrJ  to  cuttjfatluf  forrlfn  fr  < 

I  Ft  vliifjrard  of  fqrei|[n  n^apct  h' 

'  ui   New  Uiwclit^  L.  t.  with 

i   iheyljear.      Mr.  N.  Ldd|? 

iif  Pari*,     The^  be  obt-* 

I  fU  thokuaiirt  vlum»  &it\\< 

y,  tit.'  i^rociiretJ  sevi^ii  ihoti^Kri:!! 

tW4i>'.    Tbt  Tlne-dre^^cr  i>f  V.v 

-•4.    Tb«  itniKirUfd  Tiiiu*  |4aiiU<i 


I  cr«p«  ctltiij^,  contrl* 


i^vuata^  llAbdOda,  lUiEi  Ki:!iitiLii;Ly  .^li  Jl  iI   iifUr  a  fair  j^ari.     Afid  fn^i  0»4ic  U  (lui  ^ 

U^n  to  he  foynit  jm  Uu  Qalttsl  Sltt^tci  (WiUi  tti;  cJc^vpUuu  uf  the  {JaLi».wbj)  tUnt  !•  no4  foptit«d  to  b*  tH 


,  gl^llr  ijf  tlA^ 


» 


I 


t0t]glme«s  of  Blriti  and  loindi^  of  polp, 
«ko  uecQliRr  to  thi  SATif  e  atato,  tnd 
Uul  tJjey  liave  nat  hetu  uttujoked  by  tlie 
oidtmu  wlacbf  so  jWf  Ims  ati\»«wd  &11 
fuTiif »  gri>|>e«,  it  tnii«t  b«  ptteDt  thai 
UMie  vtt  troLy  tbe  mdifeaotu  gr«|»M  of 
Amisncii,  tli4^  cLiMron  of  tlie  boiI,  tbitt 
imn  about  and  cllnib«d  the  ire^  in  iti 
for««tfl,  and  btiag  their  pur^ile  oloAt^fs 
over  Jte  fftreanm,  before  mao,  either 
wUit^d  or  red,  knew  there  woa  im other 
k«tuitft»li«re.  To  retom  to  the  grapev  of 
'^  'irorniA.  Tbere  are  no  viiuryards  in 
iiQitiediate  Tiainity  of  San  Francboo, 
vlneii  are  ciilti?at^  ia  the  Tall^js, 
c«|>eoially  to  the  southward  of  the  StAte, 
aud  a  fltroiag  red  winet  r^embUug  elareti 
u  drunk  by  tlie  country  people  from 
their  own  grapea.  At  Los  Aogeloa  they 
waka  a  yeiy  tJUjelbnt  whit©  wine,  some- 
thin  jj  like  the  OatawbfL  to  flavor.  An 
'  'itioiijil  impetos  haa  beea  gi^en  to  thii 
h  of  agriculture  hy  Tenant  itjip- 
ilii  to  San  Fmoct^oo  of  Ohio  wiu^ 
which  meet  with  quick  aud  profltahlo 
ailea  A  ahort  time  ulnce^  a  barrel  of 
wine  was  sent  from  Lo9  Angeloa  to  the 
l^tt&deot,  at  WaahiufLon.  Tho  wiuo, 
Hm  ftAvaa,  boopa,  and  headf.  all  OalUbr* 
nlia.  As  yet,  w«  iMive  hnd  no  report 
III  regard   lo  it  but  it  hai 

Waked  out  front  r.  <  1 1  that  they 

had  iif  tilt  tbat  barf«i  at  th^  last  preai' 
d«nltHl  diimer, 

Th«  *^  MuaUng,''  and  the  **  El  Pa*o," 
are  th^  pc43tibjir  gr/ipm  of  Texas.  The 
for:  I  !j  ill  mairccly  ac«r^ited  As 

a  ^N  ,  i»  known  only  at  preaont 

as  li  ^vnu  vin€i|  indLflenout  to  tne  ioil 
which  prodoeea  it.  6nt  Uie  **  El  Pft*o,^ 
hm  Wi»n  »uocei«fnliy  otiltlvAlocl^  and 
tliarafor^  It  i%  of  conna,  *-  of  EuropvAn 
^itraanon,"  The  following  fro«i  *'  l>e 
B(jw%  lodaitdal  fUaonrcaa  of  the  South 
aud  Weitt^'*  gi^M  Qs  aoote  account  of 
the  happy  valley^  whldi  ijt  «atd  to  pro- 
doc*'  '*  ttii>  V»n^t  w!nc-  til  tbu  wtirl'J/* 

tbi  ill, 

to  :  auib — u  dUtAUm 

of  md   Is  one  oon* 

tiir  I,  embracing 

in  i^trions  and 

pi*iK  ivii'K^  i»  :    lit  ka«t  ifright 

UiiKmund,     i  li  rallay  im  about 

taidwjij    ht^:  tit  Fe  and  Chi* 

Luvihtia,  aud  !  from  aE  other 

MezlcaJi  MttL....;.^  .yj  tiia  monntaina 
that  fti«  on  tbt  eaat  sod  weal,  and  doaa 
Sntdtlia nvizr  uo  ihu  nurih  aiuI  wmtli.  Th# 

liriAiith  4. 

Tilt  ML?  oh 


of  the  *  Flaxii  Pabliea,'  or  pnbfio  sqn&re, 
and  aflbrd  ssufllciont  water  power  for 
grlsl  aud  tfaw  nnlh  enough  to  supply 
the  entire  iwltleraent  with  flour  jmd 
lumber.'  The  m*>st  tiuportant  prcM3octJ0U 
of  the  valley  is  grape»,  from  wJiJch  are 
annually  mann factored  not  hss  than  tw& 
hundrm  thmt$atvd  gallam  o/^  perhdxpt.the 
rithmt  and  hut  wint  in  the  w^yrid.  This 
wine  la  worth  two  dollars  per  gallon, 
and  constitutes  the  principal  revenuo  of 
the  city.  The  £i  Paso  wines  ar«  supe- 
rior in  rjchnoas  and  flavor  and  pleasant^ 
n^sfl  of  taste  to  anything  of  th^  kind  I 
ever  met  with  in  the  Uult<jd  States ;  and 
I  doubt  not  that  they  ar?  f^  superior 
Ui  the  iKWt  wine*  evi^r  pro<]uc©d  in  the 
raliey  c^  tlie  Rlime,  or  on  the  sunny 
hills  of  Frauoe,  Also,  gruat  quant  I  ties 
of  the  grapes  of  this  valley  ar^  dried 
In  dusters,  and  presefvod  for  uae  dnring 
the  winter.  In  this  state  I  regard  tbeni 
far  Mupm'wr  t^  ih^  htst  raisinif  thai  mre 
impHifrtfil  into  the  United  AY^I^j/* 

The  Great  Mui^tang  grape,  of  Texas, 
is  also  said  to  be  a  wiuo  graiie  of  supe- 
rior quality.  It  grows  in  tne  greataet 
profu4ion,  an  Dr,  Stewart  aam  in  a  letter 
to  tho  Patent  Ol31o«,  at  Waahington, 
**  without  cukivation,  and  in  great  per- 
fection in  ©very  part  of  Texa.«  and 
upon  every  variety  of  sfiil,  growing 
e<|ually  well  ujjou  tho  high  open  prairici 
or  in  tbe  dtvrmdy  wuoded  river  bottom 
lauds,  seeking  alike  tbe  loftiest  trecsf 
and  the  lowliest  prsirie  shrub,  and  fre> 
qnently  m  oompletely  covering  the  trco 
or  slirub  upon  widch  it  tatU^  that  an 
entire •nrfaoe  of  the  vine  leaf  is  presented 
to  tb#  tya*"  Further  on  be  writ^: 
"This  ftjl,  a  French  wine  maker  and 
rineyardiiit  came  from  KentULiky,  whi?ro 
be  had  h*t^a  loug  lulniE,  to  culitvale  the 
gra[ie  If  be  thongfat  well  of  ibe  conutry, 
4c.  U^  U  highly  pleased,  and  niadd 
M»ver«l  barrels  of  wme  f^r  Judso  Soott, 
l^thorp;  i>r.  Patrick,  at  or  in  Fan* 
tborp  neighborhood.  He  pronouoced 
the  Muatang  to  be  tlie  port  wine  gmr^e, 
of  •nporiur  quality  and  yield.  Vwy  In- 
tel ligisn^  and  practioal  in  hiJi  vitws^  and 
of  good  «ip«ri«noe,  he  took  the  Mustang 
olnat^ra,  natlft,  fifotn  tho  trees;  there 
waSf  as  nsuaJ,  an  abundant  orop  of  them 
tbi«  year.  The  wi0#  jhun  tids  frapt, 
h&  ittid  *wa$  amuins  p&rt  »iw/  lie 
kni»w  It  from  his  axporienoe,  but  coutd 
not  demonstrate  il  to  be  so,  nniil  after 
fcrnientatbn  and  denosit  of  tlie  tartrate 
of  potma  held  in  tolntion  In  tiie  ftenret 
Joioeib  I  wait  with  anxiety  for  Uic  ns- 
anlt.    What  resooreei  onrootiniry  poe- 


6U 


Jamkm  WiM$. 


[D. 


ec 


fiess^s  in  tbb  reopeot,  if  tbii  be  the 
Tact,  tor  the  MattaDg  grows  eTerywbere 
in  our  fair  land !  '*  ♦ 

Not  fdoQe  in  Cfdifornift  and  Texasi,  but 
th  rough  out  the  entire  South,  do  nativo 
(rrape^i  dourisb  in  wonderful  luxuriance. 
The  sea  inlands  that  fritige  tbo  ooasts 
frLitu  Noffidk  to  tbe  Florida  reafe,  aro 
embroidered  with  wild  vines,  lad^n  with 
cJnsters,  as  wtll  as  tbe  margins  of  rivers 
tltat  iDtersecl  the  nminlaud,  Florida, 
aa  w©  have  seen,  abounda  in  thi§  deli- 
cioUB  fruit;  In  Alabama,  grape  enltnre 
is  alri^aily  eioiting  much  attfiition^  and 
the  native  grapes  produee  notoalj  wines 

*  most  oxcdient  quality^  but  ivlm  a  very 

eat  variety  of  winea.  Their  cnlti* 
fation  IS  very  eai»y,  and  the  vines  are 
abundant  bearers,  A  gentleman,  in  a 
letter  to  the  "  Alabama  Planter,"  says, 
*'  A  vineyard  at  maturity^  say  tbe  foarth 
year,  would  be  good  for 'from  500  to  750 
gallons— the  fieveatb,  for  1^000  gallons — 
Uie  Scupper nong  innoh  more  to  the 
acre.  Among  oth  er  properti  es  poasawed 
by  our  native  grape,  the  quaatitj  ol 
vinons  noatter  they  po^setis  is  most  re- 
markable. A  bmshel  of  Imnches,  ^ 
{>uUed  from  the  vine^  will  give  three  gal- 
ons  of  wine,  and,  after  madcrgoing  a  se- 
cond ope  rati  on,  about  one  galJoa  more 
of  a  lighter,  but  most  agreeable  wine. 
It  would  tiike  a  third  pressure  to  produce 
the  meagre  drink  with  which,  in  part, 
they  feed  the  peasantry  in  France,  who 
tentl  the  vinta^^e.  I  anticipate  the  moat 
Rgretable  results  from  the  cultivation  of 
our  native  fruits^  based  on  the  trialB  I 
have  already  made/* 

Tbe  woods  of  Louisiana,  Mississippit 
and  Arkansa.^  abonnd  in  varieties  of 
wild  vines  that  yield  masses  of  fruitage, 
renowned  as  raccooi;,  bear,  bull,  chicken 
and  fo3c  grapes.  As  yet,  we  have  had 
no  specimens  of  wines  of  these  celebrated 
brands,  hni  hope  to  see  the  day  when  an 
allusion  to  *'old  'coon,"  will  awaken 
Images  more  agreeable  than  the  hntd 
cider  campaigns  of  Tippecaniie  and  Tyler, 
The  bull  and  bear  vintages  of  Mississippi 
may  strive  for  supremacy  in  more  ami- 
cable contests  than  those  which  now  dis- 
grace the  iiamea  of  those  animah  in  Wall 
street ;  ami  the  tax  and  chicken  will  lie 
dowii  in  tJie  same  cellar  in  peaceful  prox- 
imity*  One  of  those  wild  vines  has 
been    successftilly    cnlti  vat  ed     already^ 


under  the  mmm  §1  '*8l«ii&  ^deh^," 
and  douhtlew  ^ikm  -iA  Wm^  species 
which,  by  lb©  akin  of  the  vine-dreader, 
may  be  made  to  yield  an  Ji^r«<»ble 
variety  of  wines ;  in  fact,  our  chief  de- 
pendence must  be  upon  our  iiidigenouH 
grapea,  that  are  already  acclimated  by 
nature's  unerring  training.  It  is  wt?ll  to 
observe  that  a  grape  may  produce  a  »«* 
perior  wine  in  one  district,  and  yet  he 
of  little  value  in  another;  so  that»  al- 
though one  species  may  disappoint  the 
cnltt valor  in  Arkansas,  that  is  no  reason 
why  it  shoald  be  rejected  by  his  brother 
In  Tennesaee  or  Louisiana,  or  vice  i^crad. 

In  Georgia,  the  luscious  musimdinet 
gathered  in  the  wild  state,  produce  a 
wine  of  considerable  merit ;  as  yet,  no 
attempt  haa  been  made  to  give  them  a 
formal  training,  except  here  and  there, 
npon  a  small  scale4  f  tds  Is  also  Iho 
caae  in  South  Carolina.  But  here  we  »J"e 
in  a  eister  State^  a  land  of  promise,  of 
vines,  and  pines,  and  mines ;  of  tar  and 
turpentine ;  the  natal  aoil  of  the  Isabella^ 
the  Catawba,  the  Herbemont^  and  the 
sonorous  Scuppernong— Nonb  Carolina! 

We  sliall  have  occasion  to  speak  of  the 
Oatawba,  the  Isabella  and  the  Herbe- 
mont,  hereafter ;  the  two  first^  unques- 
tionably owQ  their  reputatioa  to  the 
skill  of  the  cultivators  of  Ohio  and  New 
York,  and  have  only  a  limited  growth  in 
their  native  Slate;  but  Scuppertiong 
vineyards  are  found  from  Currituck^  on 
the  extreme  north,  to  the  southern 
counties  on  the  Cape  Fear  Biver,  and  ex- 
tend inland,  almost  to  the  foot  of  tha 
Blue  Eidge  Monn tains ;  while  so  various 
are  the  qualities  of  wine  produL-ed,  that 
some  kinds  command  three  or  four  dol- 
lars per  gallon,  and  some  kinds  can  bi 
purchased  for  live  or  six  dollars  a  bir- 
rell  There  are  two  species  of  this 
grape,  the  best  having  a  w lifter  silvery 
skin,  with  a  rich,  metallic  lustre,  while 
the  inferior  kind  bears  a  sninll^  bkck 
berry*  Mr,  Longworth  says,  *'  the  black 
8cu]ipernong  bears  from  one  to  fiiur  bcr* 
ries  on  a  bunch,  and  would,  in  times  of 
war,  if  load  bo  scarce,  be  m  valuable, 
even  when  fully  ripe,  ua  the  Fox  grap^ 
for  bullets,  The  white  Heuppernong,  al* 
so,  has  a  very  Bmall  bunch,  and  is  a 
better  grape  than  the  black*  But  the 
skin  is  thick,  and  the  pulp  bard;  it  wlD 
never  be  valuable  aa  a  wine  gra[>er  uidem 


I 


I 


•  Palcnl  Omee  IWportj,  lUf. 

f  TU"  Hrfb^-tniiiiit  jrriuM  b  caJUviktcd  in  Miitti»l|i|i|,«;id.  irlq*  [i  m*4e  there, 
'*■'■'         ■  ■     ,t  Atbeui^  OwrsrfA*  ii*a  ^uUe  »  lurfe  vlneym^,  ftitd  rnUe*  <(UAwtUli!i  of  pi 
^'  mttt  we  du  mt  know.    Tbcrp  la  much  wtti^i  M«.4e  for  f«ial]jr  luc  ifl  fjkti^ 


SB 


1854.] 


Amitie&n   U^inei, 


eif 


U  fJM  t&  0tk0r  muit  &f&fna  and  Jta- 

If  for  no  other  purposa  tliaa  thifl, 
fliiLmc<tjr^  t«)  Tiilx  with  thd  muat  of  \tM 
^nvcimtt*  irnij»e0^  to  g?w*  oh»Piiet«rto  the 
riiMa  wh«ii  mwU^  tnis  Setipp«riiofig  will 
pntve  to  be  moet  mltiftble  to  this  ooun- 
rjr*  The  **  TnwniQer^*  of  iho  Rheiogftn, 
^B  »miill  -b* iri  (^4  grjipe,  i.boii  n  *1  i  f  -  -  ^ "  -*  -- 

harum,  md  fall  of  urotufi  an  ; 

f"!*  pi>  i}^A  to  iiiix  with  the  "I.  ^/ 

t  iro  gfjftpia  iif  th«)  Hhiue,  m  tti« 

1>  i    of    the    firgt-claw    German 

I niutf^.     And  thai  the  g^inerflJity  of  Eu* 

|t«p«faii  wines  owe  t}mr  cx^lhuoe  lo  tho 

1  Ju'ltdoiti   tnixtiir^  of   vanoiii  growths 

(fttxl  viritJHC^A^  li  «o  well  known  u  scarce- 

■  to  nee<l  rcpcaUng  her6«     In  particular, 

[Jfjidciras    tiherrie^^     and     Charrrpago^ 

wlum  are  iki  compoee^ ;  the  capii^t^  or 

bailee  of  the  Bpanbh  hod§^a^  or 

hcellor,  be! ng  ft  raoat  importftnt  per- 

to  whom  is  con  tided  the  eiqni- 

Ato  toik  of  hjibuciug  Uavor  against  boily, 

lojcioaftneai,    which     uii^ht    do^, 

doiit  acerbity  I  whieh  might  repeal,  un- 

I  tko  wholo  perfectod  vinona  mjwa  be- 

thti  golden  potalplo  whidi  even 

►  mtffht  envy*     ^  retheser- 

flo«i  of   thii  (sft^t  *ry  priseil, 

Ihftl  tht  mpUoM  of  tt  larije  prupiif  tor 

BeMmn  ^IbtoainaJieoonsiclerahle  wMlth, 

^  inoo  of  which,  Jaan  Kanchcjt, 

:  of  th<j  kt«s  Pedro  Domci, 

Bat  the  value  of  the  Soup{>erfiorrg  aa  a 

^^ftne-gmpov  bae  not  jet  become  fnhly 

>ie<1 ;  at  leail  not  in  North  Carohna. 

yt  all  the  »itnp1«e  ire  have  iaat«4f  n^ot 
one  v^nsi  iiny  \i\\m  and  original  fenueated 
I  nice  of  the  in'^ii^,  hut,  in  eY«ry  oaAe, 

dr«  or  l«flN  aophisticstcc]  witfi  ^ugar  or 
oy,  anil  not  ttnfrixjdeiilly  with  whi*- 

^j  or  hmtid y.     it  b  iisital  to  a<Jd  tliree 

r*t]iid^  <>!'  uujfar  to  one  i^aJloD  of  the 
T  '  rht^n  a  littlo  dblillcHl  fiplrit4of 

^  .  i*  pottrcd  into  every  i*ftrrtvl  ut 

uiiif,  '  t^j  make  it  kwp.**  8utject«d  to 
thU  trt!^itnH-iit  thu  llnld  deffeiienit«i  jtito 
a  M>tl  of  vinoa*^  iJto^v  and  it*  fioculmr 
characfA-r  n%  a  wino  in  almost  vnlirfiy 
I  '    ".  in  »jjit«  «f  thifv  it   ha*  an 

'  h  ii  ftotijcwhtti  gratcfLih  Tim 
i,p  »  I  .  "   '*iii<^tj^  8^  a  Inri^LT  ex- 

j  I  -    .  .  n  jf  onr  vi  no^d  r«seri 

oi  J  I,  , .  .**  Itiok  into  the  mat* 

inra  i  :-. 

Tfi  .f  th«»  niuiicadine,  oallfMl 

1  a  Tef^  iWii^t  graiMft^ 

]  .    *^ffffk  uetniirt0  in 

a  fsrailiar  m- 

>  J4  izul  Uabella 


irrapeft.  To  the  taAte,  the  latter  h  by  far 
Uio  sweetest  fhiit;  novertlielesii,  in 
making  a  sparkling  winei  the  f^^t^tla 
iie«di  a  liberal  allow  an  ae  of  sagar,  while 
the  Catawba  wioe  requirt.^^  little  or  non^. 
McCidhxd*,  in  ble»  trealisi*  on  wina-  I 
mtiking^  makes  a  very  accurate  dtMtuio- 
tion  between  the  "sweet principles*'  and 
that  i^hioh  cuii!jUtat<!3  tho  ''  sugar,''  in 
fnijt.  Tho  hitter,  t!ie  mcchannc^  princi- 
ple, ia  the  element  which^  by  the  prooeaa 
of  Jermontntjonf  h  transiimted  into  iloo- 
hol^  or  fpirit  of  wine,  a  certain  per  oeiit^ 
ag^  of  which  h  t^eeeasary  m  aU  vinoua 
fluids.  Thiii  spirit  of  th^  wine  is  defived 
dir«hctty  from  the  sofpr  of  the  grape. 
Kow,  the  ditference  betwecti  t!ie  aweet 
element,  and  th«  eaochanno  elemciatf  la  , 
very  dearly  shown  by  McOuUoo&f  who 
illnstratee  the  aabjeot  by  comparing  tno* 
IfiAtaa  with  rafineS  angar^the  6rst  being 
mnch  the  a  wee  tost  of  the  two  to  the 
taste,  and  3^et  not  com^jarable  to  the  kt- 
t4Jr  in  iu  proportion  of  pure  eaecharnin. 
And,  if  we  may  venture  upon  a  theory* 
wo  tthould  say,  **  that  the  renaott  why 
aweet  grapas  make  a  wine  leas  eweet 
than  tlioe#  not  m  dalcet  to  the  taat«,  Ilea 
In  Uug:~that  in  the  nwect  grape  tho 
wlk>U  qaantity  of  sacchamm  is  absorbed 
in  the  prtMluction  of  sh^oiml,  wliiJe  in 
thoAe  more  aUiundlng  in  ifiugnr,  a  pottwf^ 
only  is  trani!innjt4*d  into  alcohol ;  the  »n- 
ptjfilux  of  riugar  remaining  id  utldli- 
turhed  «oInt»on,  and  gweeteniog  the 
wine,  le^  or  more,  as  may  he." 

Now,  tlie  Si^iip|ferHi^ug  ifrMf>e  prodnccg 
a  wine  naturally  hnrd  ami  dry.  with  little 
to  ret^iimmend  tt  but  lU  peculiar  aroma 
and  flavor;  and,  In  eonaaaiieaoap  tlia 
most  b  artiticially  nweet^nta  to  maka  It 
a  marketable,  or  a  Aalahte  OOaUAodlAif. 
Bo  long  tift  t(jl-<i  met!)  Of!  of  tfoatsntntla 
practiBt'd,  neither  it,  nor  any  other 
American  wine  m  u»ed,  can  rank  with 
any  wine^i  of  Eunrpe,  except  with  tba  i 
«pnnou$  prodiicliomi  of  Cette,  LbboQ, 
and  Mar»ei]lo«.  The  diffienlty  liee  in 
tliis^— ovr  f i*w  ^rowen  arv  afraid  of  # 
hard,  dry  win^ — ^bacau»e  pfitpniar  \mt» 
m  far  (o'lpeoially  tn  the  rural  di«tr!cia) 
haa  boon  eomipted  by  the  Mwoetenod, 
aoiihiitioated,  pooroftt  ela«ji  of  jinportL^d 
wfnefl,  tite  aweet  malogites  aiid  fiftrejuio^ 
ports,  Uiat  art  eorrant  in  m^tf  ootmtry 
town,  I*ntft,  wliole^'""  n-ir^f-,  neirer 
are,  and  never  ahonld  ,  a  gla» 

of  9-ynT|>  i*  vi*\  rr^fr*'*^li-  .  laliciref, 

it  i!*  a  '  ^nL 

and  a*  :*  _         ,  ae- 

tttally  rfpuUti^ ;  and  na  wa  am  l(M»king 
forward  to  iba  |i«riod  wl^aa  onr  wina 


imiricmn  Winii, 


iftmll  b«  Tised,  not  cmlj  &t  weddings, 
menj-makiogsi,  balls,  and  ditiner$i,  bet 
fis  the  common  driok  for  all  daises  of 
people,  we  should  define  now  »nd  liere, 
that  by  **  wi^eb,"  we  mean  the  pure,  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  grape,  without  the 
admixtm-e  of  anjtijing  else  whatsoerer.* 
That  the  Scnppemong  ia  a  hard,  dry 
wine,  when  made  without  sugar,  is  doubt- 
leaa  true;  but  the  queation  is,  ^^  what  cha- 
racter will  thia  very  wine  nssnme  when 
mellowed  by  age?''  The  Sereial,  the 
Mag  of  Madeiras,  is  as  harsh^  austere, 
►  anf  fOpnldTe,^  for  iho  first  few  years,  aa 
A  bloe-DOfted  preebyterian  elder,  freah 
from  the  fly  nod,  nor  is  it  drinkable  imtil 
age  has  corrected  the  acerbity  of  its 
temper — but  what  then?  Then  it  be- 
comes one  of  the  most  exquisite  flntda 
in  the  world,  and  cnmmajids  a  price 
saperior,  in  &*>nje  in&tancea,  to  any 
known  wine,  with  the  eieepiion  of  Im- 
perial Tokay*  The  real  merits  of  the 
native  wine  of  North  Carolina,  tlien, 
Btill  need  develoj^ment;  age  and  pToper 
treatntmU  must,  In  time,  produce  some- 
thiug ;  for  the  Scup^iemong  is  not  desti- 
tute of  delicate  aroma,  an  iniportfint 
quality,  indeetl.  The  mode  of  cnlture 
is  peculiar — the  vines  (layerfi,  not  cut- 
tings), are  planted  on&  hundred  feet 
apart,  the  main  branches  have  space  to 
run  My  feet  each  way,  at  right  aiigl*^ 
from  tlie  centre,  before  meeting.  Each 
vine  may  be  represented  thus  +  the  la- 
terals interlacing  over  head  and  forming 
a  canopy*  The  branches  are  never 
pruned,  as  it  is  said,  ^'^the  vine  w^ould 
bleed  to  death."  Like  the  vines  in  Lorn- 
bardy,  these  are  high  train€d  (Aff«£  tige% 
the  lowest  branches  being  eight  feet 
aboTe,  and  parallel  with  the  ground. 
The  yield  is  nio^t  abundant^  a  single 
Tine  often  bearing  thousands  of  bunches ; 
the  berries  small,  and  but  few  to  the 
bunch.  Instances  ijave  been  cited  of 
tingle  ones  yielding  enough  grapes  to 
make  several  barrels  of  wine,  and  cover- 
ing two  and  a  half  acres  of  ground. 
"We  have  no  data  to  estimate  the  yearly 
produce  of  these  vines,  neither  the  quan- 
tity nor  value;  but  we  are  well  con- 
vlnned  that  even  now  tije  statistics  of 


grape  cnlture  in  this  Stste  would  presen 
an  imposing  arraj  of  Sgures. 

We  have  alrsady  seen  specimens   of 
native  vines  of  Virginia,  of  excellent 
onalitv.    The  Catawba  there  is  an  atun* 
flant  feearer,  and  the  wine  made  from  it 
essentially  different  from  tlmt  of  Ohio. 
The  climate  of  this  State  would  seem  to 
be  peculiarly  adapted  for  the  pnrj>ope^  * 
and  the  wild  and  waste  land  might  b 
turned  to  profitable  account  in  the  pro 
due tion  of  vines.    To  Virgmia  we  are  la 
debted  for  many  ipeeie&  dready  popalar^ 
aoiODg  which,  we  may  instance  "Nop 
ton'g  Seedling,"  the  '^Woodson,"  and 
*^  CunmnghamJ'     Here,  too,  the  Blan" 
grape  grows  abundantly,  under  the  nam^ 
of  tlie  Virginia  Muscadel    In  Maryland 
and  Delaware,  also,  a  variety  of  native 
grapea  are  cultivated,   some  of  es:tr&^ 
ordinary  productiveness.  On©  vine  raise 
by  Mr,  Willis  (near  Baltimore),  in  l8Si^ 
yielded  twenty  five  thousand  bun  chess 
and  in  the  following  year,  Messrs^  V*" 
Bromwel]  and  R.  Monkland  oertSfy, "  I 
they  counted  upon  it,  fifty-four  thousan 
four  hundred  and  ninety  buneheei,  omit 
ting  small  and  young  one?,  w^hich  would 
have  added,  at    least,   three  thonsandll 
niore*'*t      tPhy  Messrs,  Bromwel!  and 
Hi)uk!and  eoald  not  wait  till  ih^  yoan| 
ones  grew  up,  is  a  question.     To  lea%'l 
three  thousand  bunches  out  of  the  tall^ii 
becanse  they  were  small  and  gieen,  ifl^ 
on  inault  to  Young  America* 

That  part  of  the  United  Statee  be- 
tween the  thirty-eighth  and  forty-fourtj 
parallels  of  latitude,  so  far,  is  entitle 
to  the  snpremaoy  in  grape  culture*     Al- 
ready the  wtnes  of  Ohio  and  Mi$^ouri 
begin   to  supplant  the  imported  Rhine 
and    Champagne  wines  he^4|^,   even   at 
the  same   prices.     Terraces   rise  al*ovftj 
terraces  on  the   htllBides  of    the   Oldi 
river,  and  the  red  bluflfe  begin  f*^  ri;^Hii,.i 
pear  benezith  maeste  of  vine  f  ! 

pu  rple  clusters  of  fruit.  In  Peij  i  ^  » 

nt  the  end  of  the  }Bsi  centnry,  an  asso* 
ciation  was  formed  for  the  purpose  ctf 
cultivating  the  grap*e,  for  wine,  and 
vineyardii  were  established  at  8prirj^ 
Mill,  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr, 
Peter    Lego  or.      This   was    ii    faituvt. 


*  **BeutUT«d,"  RftjFi  Prcildent  J^ll^noii,  Id  ji  ktlcr  m  Majqr  AdlaiQ,  April  90^  ISld,  » ih»I  lher»  !■  ctertf  . 
tkpfl  Atnm  of  11(1x01^111;  irhmt€¥er,  pal  into  wjjjr  of  the  good  witiei  of  Frattc^.     I  bKtne  thm  oouQtr^^  t 
1  vu,n  vitutU  the  fact  (torn  the  jviriirniicfl  to  t]i3rieLr,  of  Ifa^  Yignerotii  of  &}!  Vbt  hmi  wine  ^aiiljpoi  uf  I 
emi:itry,  wliii;']i  I  viHituii  [fiv^r-lf/' 

+   ,S     ■■        ■  .     V.  '.    .      -^  n«ft« 

itriiJ 

plei^.:  ■   uf  ( 

Vlfitx  '^uniiilLj  giliii^red,  in  tbti  squArt,  Ujat  tbi*  tmu  vmv*  niJuJa  jilclil  9n 

.fcaiit3>  Tuking  the  wvlfht  of  a  bftrreJ  Kt  aoft  }ht.  iUU  %r«ald  suLUExmt  to  ld,Qr 


Whm. 


m 


I 


(or.               

d  and  abAudonvd, 

&V 

^ap* 

mlled  the 

Bii 

■n|wirill7 

*L^' 

'i\  hovf- 

ttXiHt',  ;iud  i.. 

vitie>ftrd 

threw   a   hi 

w  over 

iiiiiiJiir«0Urr 

1,      B«it 

i}i«  vino  bt'p 

L  in  th6 

land  of  drab,  tnui  *>  *?  jiiA>iiTiiu  by  mid 
b>*  Pciiiifivlvjiiim   will  not  be  bebind  tbe 

III  mr  own  Stitd  tli«r*  fi  ilit^y 
niQch    wine  mndn    frcnii    tbo    Ijnibelta 

(Erftfj*\ — m  Umiip  iti  Col  urn  bin 

li^ik (I  i>f  Lilt)  U  u tlt^i)  j I ,  I II  I J I <  i  I  •  r : '  I  vH>r* 
bood  of  llic  city.  W*^  b?i\c  Una  Jiuuiy 
of  Ui«sit  wiiias  JUid  iilthough  want  of 
•irpericnee,  mid  itujiropi-r  trcatimjitt  U 
tmLnUa^t,  j«t  tb^r«  i»  i^uJllrivut  mvnt  id 
theni,  t(i  iuiiurti  iid  in  tlio  paniiction 
'*  t&4S(  fA*  ^ra»#  ml  turf  Ufill  mon  prone 
to  he  m€  fl/  fi*  m*«l  tuluabUfiMs  for 
rniUffprit^  ^tr  tfretefiUd  (^  ih^  ft^ifpi^  ^f 
IA#  mMU  itf  Nets  Y&rt:'  Here  U  tbo 
iotl,  b««r0  tbo  cltinjiia  fqr  the  lBJil)eliA ;  ^ 
Obio  i»  to  iUm  Cjilairlit^  m  will  tliia 
Btftte  be  W  ihb  gmp6^  Here,  tiju,  is 
til*  mmrk^t,  m  tliftt  llii  ooet  of  ltAnei[tort- 
vtioQ  will  bi?  iri^lnif.  aii(T  tbo  il'iv  nmy 
not  bekroiT  irlo 

ii)e  rich    VI  1         ffi't* 

buik'^  to  rt  ct^ivia  iiiti  ||iikititi  limuglif«^ 
lor  dUtant  Eur^jpe. 

In  Nuw  Jftm^y  tb«  rioe  hm  b««ii  aal- 
tirAt«d  far  lu&iiy  J^h*^  Mji^clalhr  in  tbe 
litigl»burbi*c»d  of  Burlington.  Tho  «4al 
ofiomA  \iJATUiif  diifl  8tAt#  i«  fieoiiUftrly 
All ^       '  '  :m*»c,  ftud   w<?  ituijf 

b'  ;  ^  tt'T   winvH   lb«o 

Jji''  ^  -ir^ty 

w^ 

iUl 


at  V«%iij',  bwtUttrkod 

Wimv  aU't^iwIy  v«ntiir««  ii*  c<JAt«*t 
til*  nitbn  with  fjtitci      Iti  iBTi^,  ili«<  vin^ 

S!^  iriy 

of  ■■■•' 

til 


ii(  , 


l: 


lioboUa  imd  C^tawbii,  itin  Jind  apMli* 
Ung.  Tbe  laai  gruj^e  b  Uig  favonlt 
lb«r«^  an  it  t»  a\^  in  Kaataoky  &iid  Tto- 
Hkteem,  \\\  81,  P^ot^K  tli«  nfltiv^  wUii 
ftr^  rapidly  nr^^  tHo  foreign,  ••- 

pi^dnily    Uic  kiiida:    ^t  th0 

.  iitilek   tbero  i;je   riKyijiity  of  witiu*  tui 
th««  t^blctf  art?  <if  biiinie  produetJou. 

Now,    ^vu\    *'  "   -^     ;f   jtM    ttfy    tji^d 
wii}i  our  ion^'  .  tak<}  ibid  oool, 

green  glojs*;,  utii. , .  .._..  ,  .iukr  biig-ii«dkid 
am  ber <'ol  o  ]\^1 ,  K  btf  t  il<i  b  ^  look  i  n  g  tlattkf  IT 
you  tj^  a  book  <lriiik^^r  \  t»r,  if  not»  ht  Oi 
cut  tbo  cords  arc  hum  I  tbb  other  cork,  6ir 
th@  Ui''dou4  llutd  (Hmlia^d  m  lib  in  ^m 
fnir^  rouiul  batlldt  hath  thai  propaklva 
spirit  it  rniMt  n«eda  bt  impriiantfd,  ami 
held  with  ligattir«s  of  Hax  ftnd  wtra. 
You  will  try  the  iirfet?  Aha  I  yoti  lika 
it,  do  youf  CkifiiDare  it  with  tUa 
Eud<9«h«iiner,  the  **  Ikrie"  of  XUH.  U 
iit)t  the  ATotnaof  the  lust  iho  inoAtaiirii- 
iLbb  T  Vou  think  not  I  Tbnt  ^raack  ^ 
Ui«  llp^  i^jMsaf  '  ^'  ■'  *  ivor  of  iha 
otli^r ;  and  v  0/  ita  £»#- 

well  uste— Uh  -.  ^  -  ^ .  i,,,^;  /  *'  Fia^" 
you  Ray,  '^^  and  dclieale,  and  lmvo»  tha 
iiiouili  ifweet  anil  ctK*!:"  **  Which  do 
rou  prafijrf'*  "Th<3  lir*t/'  you  tayf 
Iravo  for  Catawba  I  Go<k1  friaad 
aiirpH«od  liolda  forth  \m  empty  kIuB) 
and  wiysi,  **  You  dorj*t  aay  fto  ?■  ■  Wa  AU 
it,  and  repf^i  thnt  it  in  tru<r.  (lood 
friend,  in  neb  animjit^rJ,  **  Why,  when  I 
wan  icj  Uobij^ie  I  puid  twanty  tloritin  fur 
a  bottloof  ll«ttvrijich  Schlosrt  Johflnaai^ 
b«rger^  and  altboutfb  it  wna  an  old 
winif,  ftad  liad  tlxe  aruiv  of  tho  prinoa  ttP 
tiMaeali  ?i*wiDaap- 

Mira^vr  ^    (Wo  aK 

forth  fair  I  pL^L^ijj  i^ui  i^ini'^^^t  And  out  tJ^ 
'  i  of  d^iifaxit  ahapa.) 
friaiia  taaiat),    ^Ikf 
lobidaa  of  Baaeiim 
liitu^icin«  \  (ha  dHiilti). 
wor,  **  I»abolU»" 
*  :,    \\\c  iTtarkka 

wit' I  -*' Not  afar 

I-^b  vdirTTiuUva, 

^*  And  wb4^r4»  la  U*^  UAnm  4»i  nxTs  and 
rBuphtsrricii  mvm  U  vintagodr^  Wu 
Ati»wer,  *^  Oindnnati."  **Not  in  iha 
eityf  W#  r^pond,  *' Ti*«  whia  la 
- 1  KTuwn  ■  "tia 
That  ctfkl 

**rroci«d  wir  rary/* 

I    .  lii,:     .1  .«,«-.►  «T-*t  pip. 

iii*rit 

.  .„..._...„  ,.         fmlt, 

*  managament  of  tb(»  for* 

^    ^1   ifiarvBrd^   la  almi* 


frtriiiga  <if  u  U^ttla 

*^Try  tbi-"  '- ' 

the  *not"' 


?<WU   tf, 


618 


AfMrican  PFtnet. 


[Dec 


neoeasary  in  the  production  of  a  fine 
wine ;  and  tliis  anion  of  scientific  cnl- 
tnre  with  soioutific  treatment  had  never 
been  brought  to  perfection  until  the 
vine-dresserd  of  Ohio  set  the  example. 
And  first  and  foremost  among  these 
stands  Nicholas  Longworth,  as  he  is 
familiarly  termed  there,  "  The  father  of 
grape  culture  in  the  ITw^"  It  is  not 
alone  by  years  of  patient  investigation  ; 
it  is  not  alone  by  the  success  which  has 
followed  those  efforts;  it  is  not  by  the 
vast  variety  of  experiments  he  has  tried, 
and  by  the  untiring  energy  which,  in 
spite  of  numberless  disappointments, 
Btill  survived  and  triumphed  over  every 
defeat,  tliat  he  has  won  this  title  from 
his  fellow-citizens.  But  it  was  because 
every  effort  and  every  experiment  was 
for  the  benefit  of  all;  bec^iuse,  with 
him,  the  success  of  grape  culture  in  this 
country  was  paramount  to  personal  con- 
siderations; because,  by  every  means, 
he  spread  as  widely  as  possible  the  re- 
sults of  his  investigationsand  labors,  so 
that  Uie  young  vine  planter  of  to-day 
mi£;ht  stand  npon  even  ground  with 
himself,  tlie  veteran  of  nearly  half  a  cen- 
tnry^s  experience.  Adlum  and  Dufour 
pretlicted  the  success  of  grape  culture 
in  the  United  States,  but  Longworlh, 
their  contemporary,  lived  to  see  the  pre- 
diction verified,  and  mainly  by  his  per- 
sonal exertions.  Would  that  all  patriots 
were  so  rewarded. 

The  two  principal  wine  grapes  of  Ohio 
are  the  Catawba  and  the  Isabella ;  the 
first,  however,  in  the  proportion  of 
twenty  to  one.  Both  are  natives  of 
North  Carolina.  The  first  was  found 
end  nf)ticod  merely  as  a  wild  grape,  in 
the  year  1802,  by  Golonel  Murray  and 
others,  in  Buncombe  county,  North 
Carolina.*  There  it  reposed  for  up- 
wards of  twenty  years  without  attract- 
ing attention,  and  so  would  have  re- 
mained probably  until  now,  had  not  its 
merits  been  discovered  by  Major  John 
Adlum,  of  Georgetown,  N.O.,  in  or 
about  the  year  1826.  M^jor  Adlum,  an 
oflScer  of  the  Revolution,  formerly  sur- 
veyor-general of  Peimsylvania,  was  a 
great  cultivator  of  the  grape,  and  de- 
voted the  last  years  of  his  life  to  that 
purpose.  In  the  ooui-se  of  his  experi- 
ments with  native  vines,  he  found  this 
one  in  the  garden  of  a  German  at 
Georgetown,  and,  after  a  fair  trial,  was 


so  convinced  of  its  value  as  a  wine 

S&pe,  that  he  sent  some  of  the  slips  to 
r.  Longworth,  with  a  letter,  saying, 
"  I  have  dt>ne  my  country  a  greater  «er- 
vice  by  introducing  this  grape  to  public 
notice  than  I  would  have  done  if  I  had 
paid  the  national  debt/'  Adlum  paid 
the  debt  of  nature  soon  after,  but  the 
slips  fell  into  good  hand;*.  For  nearly 
thirty  years,  with  patient  perseverance 
these  grapes  were  nurtured  by  Mr.  Long- 
worth,  until  the  hour  has  arrived  when 
the  prophecy  of  Miyur  Adlum  i>eoins  cer- 
tain of  fulfilment  Thirty  years  of 
patient  labor;  thirty  years  of  unfaltering 
faitli ;  thirty  years  of  maii'3  life ;  what 
a  span  it  is!  stretching  from  hopefiil 
youth  to  hoary  age ;  a  long  while,  my 
good  friend,  to  look  forward  to,  a  long 
way  to  look  back.  In  the  thirty  years 
to  come  we  may  have  occasion  to  thank 
these  pioneers — we  may  see  greater 
results  than  either  of  Uiem  dreamed 
of. 

The  Isabella  grape  was  first  introduced 
to  notice  by  Mr.  George  Gibbs,  of  Brook- 
lyn, L.I.  The  slips  were  brought  fr«>m 
North  Carolina  by  Mrs.  Gibbs,  his  wife^ 
and  the  vine,  in  compliment  to  her,  was 
named  the  '*  Isabella."  Originally  it 
was  called  the  **  Laspeyre  grape,"  Mr. 
Bernard  Laspeyre,  who  resided  near 
Wilmington,  N.C.,  having  the  parent 
vine  from  whence  these  slips  were  de- 
rived. By  him  it  was  supposed  to  be  a 
foreign  grape,  but  all  scientific  writers 
on  vines  in  this  country  assert  that  the 
species,  in  a  wild  state,  is  quite  common, 
and  is  unquestionably  an  indigenous 
production  of  the  United  States.  Of 
these  two  grapes  the  best  wines  are 
made  in  Ohio.  We  may  also  mention 
that  the  "  Herbemont^"  another  variety 
of  *'  the  natives,"  produces  an  extraordi- 
nary fine  wine,  the  flavor  being  like  the 
purest  Amontillado,  and  essentially  dif- 
ferent from  the  other  two.  Heretofore 
tlie  demand  for  home  consumption  has 
prevented  the  shipment  of  these  wines 
east  of  the  mountains ;  but,  by  the  in- 
crease of  vineyards  in  Ohio  and  else- 
where, a  limited  quantity  is  now  being 
sent  to  this  city  and  to  Philadc1phia.t 

An  estimate  of  the  entire  wine  crop  of 
Ohio  has  not  yet  been  made.  Withm  a 
circle  of  twenty  miles  around  Oincinnati 
there  were  raised  in 


•  1 

tThelMbtfUaDdCktawbswiiiMoril.LoBr'ortbiPMrtintiiitrodaoidiB  Hmt Tock ia Ibij, Iffi. Ir 


I 


I 

I 


TUia  jenr,  on  acoonnt  <«f  lJ»e  0ev«rv 
oald  weather  in  Uie  i^pring,  «Ufl  the 
li«ft?v,  loijjar,  coniiiitiotis  niitiei^  I  ho  cuyp 
«m  bt  ft  **iion  one ;  Ijut  tiuw  vtui>y<irdji 
•f9  looliijiljing,  aiuL  If  lliU  yi^ar  ttois 
not  pf^mU«  M>  well  &!;<  Uto  Inai,  ye%  (tom 
tb« Ittcr^OMiHl  uutiibiarof  cultivators,  ihero 
mui»t  bt^  ft  coriUfiuollj  tucri^A»Jng  jii4tIof 
win^t  it»  ihcre  c«rtfttnly  k  ft  cuuittftDtly 
ineivA^ing  domand  for  iL 

lit  curij[^iiriii|E  Uieso  wines  wilh  Uiovd 
df  Kurufie,  we  nnin-i  beftr  in  miiid  thftl 
ill*!' «re  dmtinct  in  f'  i  any  or 

ftllofthcin*     8pjirk)ti:  i  m  nat 

CKftiiJt>jignef  nur  can  i-;M'i'Mii  b^  ocim- 
pftr«d  with  my  olhir  wine  kiiawa  in  tlio 
world,  Fl  i»  a  fHJcnIiaHty  <irtlieii»e  wtnee^ 
thai  no  spuriitus  coni|iouni]  can  be  uv.ul^ 
la  umtjti^  them,  ntni  in  r,  jniv  iiiiti  dcli- 
Mc:y,  ihi^re  In  tiu  liu  1^  i  tu  iH|ual 

mm.     Fniiu  the  ttxi^  uiado  by 

erninc^nt  f^hciTiinte,  we  lirtd  the  j»€jr  cent- 
Age  of  111 C4) bill  raiikji  thus,  ai:c*ordiog  tci 
Briind<9,  mid  ytlieni : 


It.  IT 


Thaii,  it  wflt  bo  seon,  ibAt  the  mo«i 
expttn«tv«  wine  (n  Europe,  th«  **  Trakny,** 
it»  abo  the  hvwe^t  in  jiIef>hc»Iio  per  eenl- 
Ago,  Bat^  we  find,  by  tJie  misljsb  of 
our  gtiod  friend  Dr,  Qhiltan,  tliftt  *'  Still 
Catawba,"  ibows  a  par  0(»fitJi^  of  O.0O 
only,  being,  In  laet  tJie  low&4t  per  cent- 
ft^  of  spirit  to  be  round  in  ftiiy  wlue  in 
Ibe  world. 

One  rnoro  fftot  in  pftning.  By  thi 
Patent  0(fif?e  Kep>rt  fDr  lhi>  year  1SS8, 
it  i»  i^tntc^d  thai  the  ^afae  of  Arn^rloE^ii 
wines  etet*efU  that  of  tlis  Tabaoou  crop. 


Tfiis  b  sufpriaiog,  indMii  But  atft- 
tbtica  ttr0  alwiiyt  aiirpriaiog. 

Wti  con  Id  pumue  thti  aubjeot  for  m 
fiai^e  or  Iwu  mi^ce,  bat  tJi«  wut&  Udts  ia 
jitchb  in  tjic  bfjuio.  We  did  iiitvmt  b» 
(«|Mstik  uf  tha  Jale  Qo^h  AUiau  8p.>ooa^ 
formerly  editor,  in  faot  fimt  fMliior,  m 
the  Z.t'jri^  /jr£i3Ji£2  4!f£ar  ;  a  man  of  man; 
%  irtues  uud  one  who  waa  tealotis  In  ia- 
trtidiieing  the  gruk^  in  Um  Etnptre  Btata. 
We  did  intertd  k»  i»paak  <if  a  geatleinaa 
of  Oliiiit  Mr  Robert  RnchiuiMt,  u>  whom 
wo  are  indebted  for  iiiurli  inl'onnaliita 
un  ibiii  Aubje<:L  Wo  did  int«Qd  ia»fi«ik 
of  other  eitiineTit  viac^growcrj,  inqluding 
our  own  Dr,  K.  T.  UudorbiU,  of  Ot'ouin 
r^iint,  but  tbiff^  t»  a  Uine  to  aque^^ae 
gra]>««,  oui!  &  time  to  a(|ua«£a  banddi  and 
aof  readeTi — 9ak  i 


LI  TING    in    THE    CO0NTRT. 


mrBa  SPARROWORASS  and  I  Uare 
Sk     oondudod  to  Iry  it  «mo  mor«:  wa 

am  going  lo  give  the?  rountry  anothar 
cStai»r^  kV**  -''  '  '  ■  ♦'  ■  — -ing 
aru  lovi^ly.   I  J*^ 

mmt^t-^urrit  .  V  ; 

IJbeOt  bluc-binb,  avi^ 

Uu4* j|(i«>il  inirpii  oi  radei#<,  with  high 
bon^'r*  in  the  to|f4igraplai(vi1  daiNM;  then 
follow*  a  cleUichtnent  of  ^s\n^  artlUery 
^-^wallowB ;  *ianil'mirf*'Tit,  itapf*<T«  nnd 
fOinvirT,  be;r*n  i1j»  »  fr-r* 

odncA  liutkr  thc^  icn 

dnr  birds  i*"   t:  In  » tj   uith 

_    "uw,— aim,  dai-  rid  thou  Uia 

^reat  rank  and  Jii*3  m  mraotry,  robtnn, 
wrnna,  i»parrown,  chlppbif  bffdi;  and 
laacly — Uio  batidl 


ttM  mm.  h\TA  th<!An—hM^  er  lAt  »««4J«iia  aaai, 
— *lw  wM  a»  IrtfliiBiBi  itoig  I 

PiUwf4  feua  «ak»  «Aii  looted  »iui  a*ft««oV  ewi 


Tliere,  therc^.  tlmt  it  Mario.  ITaaf  lliat 
mrignillcent  eno^t  note  from  tbaoKeinutal 
t^ini   a  ore«cendo,  falling  tn  itlan^a^ 

HtifcE) !    ho  beirfni  ag?iln  with  a  low, 
lirjnid,  ini*n^!itnr,  mr^-tfT'ffft  by   df? 
aiitl  n^itl-' 
— thi»    *i 

wirT.    ■■  irri, 

!! 


I. 


a2o 


LivUi^  in  ih$  Qmntry. 


[Dw. 


Ate  effloenoe,  it  thrills  throo^h  the  upper 
^raoclies,— Aod  then,  dripping  through 
the  listenii%  foliage,  in  a  oadenza  of 
malohless  beauty,  snbeides  into  silence 
^n. 

"  That'fl  a  he  cat-bird,"  says  my  car- 
penter. 

A  cat-bird?  Then  Shakespeare  and 
Shelly  have  wasted  powder  upon  the 
fky-lark ;  for  never  such  "  profuse  strains 
of  unpremeditated  art^*  issued  from  living 
bird  before.  6ky-IarkI  pooh  I  who 
would  rise  at  dawn  to  hear  the  sky-lark, 
if  a  oat-bird  were  about,  after  break- 

4  have  bought  a  boat  A  boat  is  a 
good  thing  to  have  in  the  country,  espo- 
didly  if  there  be  any  water  near.  There 
is  a  fine  beach  in  front  of  my  house. 
When  visitors  come,  I  usually  propose  to 
give  them  a  row.  I  go  down — and  And 
tfie  boat  full  of  water ;  then  I  send  to  the 
2H»TMe  for  a  dipper;  and  prepare  to  bail ; 
and,  what  with  oailing  and  swabbing  her 
with  a  mop,  and  plngging  up  the  cracks 
in  her  sides,  and  struggling  to  get  the 
rudder  in  its  place,  and  unlocking  the 
r«sty  pa<llock,  my  strength  is  so  much 
exiiausted,  that  it  is  impossible  for  me  to 
handle  the  oars.  Meanwhile,  the  poor 
guests  sit  on  stones  around  the  beach, 
with  woe-begone  &oes.  "My  dear," 
•ays  Mr3.  Sparrowgraas,  "why  don't  you 
sJl  that  boat  r 

^'Sellit?  ha!  ba!" 

One  day,  a  Quaker  lady  from  Philadel- 
phia, paid  us  a  visit.  She  was  uncom- 
monly dignified,  and  walked  down  to  the 
water  in  the  most  stately  manner,  as  is 
customary  with  the  Friends.  It  was  just 
twilight,  deepening  into  darkness,  wlien 
I  set  about  preparing  the  boat.  Mean- 
while our  friend  seated  herself  upon 
tamething  on  the  beach.  While  I  was 
engaged  in  bailing,  the  wind  shifted,  and 
I  wag  sensible  of  an  unpleasant  odur; 
afraid  that  our  Friend  would  perceive  it 
too,  I  whispered  Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  to 
coax  her  oft;  and  get  her  further  up  the 
beaoli. 

''  Thank  thee,  d«,  SusaD,  I  feel  a  smell 
Iiereabout,  and  I  am  better  where  I 
am." 

Mrs.  S.  came  baek  and  whispered 
mysteriously,  that  our  friend  was  sitting 
on  a  dead  dug,  at  which  I  redoubled  the 
bailing  and  got  ber  oat  in  deep  water  as 
aoon  as  possible. 

Dogs  have  a  remarkable  acent  A 
dead  setter  one  morning  found  his  way 
to  our  beaoh,  and  I  towM  him  oat  in  the 
middle  of  the  rirar;  bat  the  fiuthfol 


creature  came  back  in  less  than  an 
hour, — ^that  dog's  smell  was  remark- 
able indeed. 

I  have  bought  me  a  fyke  I  A  fyke  is 
a  good  thing  to  have  in  the  country.  A 
fyke  is  a  fis>h-net  with  Ions  wings  on 
each  side;  in  shape  like  a  niglit-cap  with 
ear-lappets;  in  mechanism  like  a  rat- 
trap.  You  put«  stake  at  the  tip  end  of 
the  night-cap,  a  stake  at  each  of  the  out- 
spread lappets ;  there  are  large  hoops  to 
keep  the  night-cap  distended,  sinkers  to 
keep  the  lower  sides  of  the  lappets  under 
water,  and  floats,  as  large  as  musk- 
melons,  to  keep  the  upper  sides  above 
water.  The  stupid  fisli  come  down 
stream,  and  rubbing  their  noses  agdnst 
the  wings,  follow  the  curve  towards  the 
fvke,  and  swim  into  the  trap.  When 
they  get  in  they  cannot  get  out.  That 
is  the  philosophy  of  a  fyse.  I  bought 
one  of  Conroy.  "  Now,"  said  I  to  Mra. 
Sparrowgrass,  "we  shall  have  fresh  fish, 
to-morrow,  for  breakfast;''  and  went 
out  to  set  it.  I  drove  the  stakes  in 
the  mud,  spread  the  fyke  in  the  boat| 
tied  the  end  of  one  wing,  and  cast 
the  whole  into  the  water.  The  tide 
carried  it  out  in  a  straight  line.  I  got 
the  loose  end  fastened  to  the  boat  and 
found  it  impossible  to  row  back  against 
the  tide  with  the  fyke.  I  then  untied  it, 
and  it  went  down  stream,  stake  and  all. 
I  got  it  into  the  boat,  rowed  up,  and  set 
the  stake  again.  Then  I  tied  one  end. 
and  got  out  of  the  boat  myself,  in  shoal 
water.  Then  the  boat  got  away  in  deep 
water ;  then  I  had  to  swim  for  the  boat 
Then  I  rowed  back  and  untied  the  fyke. 
Then  the  fyke  got  away.  Then  I  jumped 
out  of  the  boat  to  save  the  fyke,  and  the 
boat  got  away.  Then  I  had  to  swim 
again  after  the  boat,  and  row  after  the 
fyke,  and  finally  was  glad  to  get  my  net 
on  dry  land,  where  I  left  it  for  a  week  in 
the  sun.  Then  I  hired  a  man  to  set  it 
and  he  did ;  but  he  said  it  was  "  rotted." 
Nevertheless,  in  it  I  caught  two  small 
flounders  and  an  eel.  At  last,  a  brace  of 
Irishmen  came  down  to  my  beach  for  a 
swim  at  high  tide.  One  of  them,  a  stout 
athletic  fellow,  after  performing  sundry 
aquatic  gymnastics,  dived  under  and  dis- 
appeared for  a  fearful  length  of  time. 
The  truth  is,  he  had  dived  into  my  net 
After  much  turmoil  in  the  water,  he 
rose  to  the  surface  with  the  filaments 
hanging  over  his  head,  and  cried  out,  as 
if  he  had  found  a  bird's  nest — "I  say, 
Jimmy  I  be  gorra  here's  a  foike  1"  Tha4 
unfeeling  exclamation  to  Jimmy,  who 
was  not  the  owner  of  the  net,  i 


1«4.] 


Lhing  in  the  Country, 


621 


almost    wish    that     it    had    not  boen 
••rotted." 

We  are  worried  about  onr  cncnmbers. 
Mrs.  8.  is  fond  of  cacumbcra,  so  I  planted 
•noQgh  for  ten  families.  The  more  they 
mre  picked  tlie  faster  they  grow ;  and  if 
yoQ  do  not  ])ick  thcni  tlioy  turn  yellow, 
and  look  ugly.  Our  neighbor  has 
pknty,  too.  lie  sent  us  some  one  inorn- 
tog,  by  way  of  a  present.  What  to  do 
witii  tliem  wo  did  not  know,  with  so 
many  of  our  own.  To  give  tlietn  away 
was  not  polite,  to  throw  them  away  was 
sinful,  to  eat  them  was  impossible.  Mrs. 
8.  said,  *•  save  them  for  >co«l."  So  we  did. 
Next  day  our  neijjrhhor  Hont  us  a  dozen 
more.  We  thanked  the  messenger  grim- 
ly, and  took  them  in.  Next  morning, 
anothor  dozen  cjimc.  It  was  getting  to 
be  a  serious  matter;  so  I  rose  betimes 
the  next  morning,  and  when  my  neigh- 
bor's curuinbers  came,  I  tilled  his  man's 
basket  with  sotne  of  my  own  by  way  of 
azchangc.  This  bit  of  pleasantry  wm 
resented  by  my  neighl>or,  who  told  his 
man  to  throw  them  to  the  hogs.  I  lis 
man  told  our  girl,  and  our  girl  told  Mrs. 
8.,  and  in  connequence,  all  intimacy 
betweon  the  two  families  has  cea<:ed ; 
the  ladies  do  n<it  t>i)eak  even  at  church. 

We  have  unottier  neighbor  whoso 
name  is  Hates;  he  keeps  cows.  This 
year  our  giite  has  been  fixed;  but  my 
young  \Hiach  trees,  near  the  fences,  are 
aooesifible  from  the  road;  and  Bates^'s 
«owi  walk  along  thai  road  morning  and 
•▼aning.  The  sound  of  a  cow  bell  is 
pleasant  in  the  twilight.  Sometimes, 
after  dark,  we  hear  the  mysterious  cur- 
fcw  tolling  along  the  road,  and  then, 
with  a  louder  (>eal,  it  stops  before  the 
fence,  and  again  tolls  itself  otf  in  the 
distanoa.  The  result  is,  my  peach  trees 
are  as  bare  as  bean-poles.  One  day,  I 
aaw  Mr.  Bates  walking  along,  and  I 
bailed  him  :  *^  Bates,  those  are  your  cows 
there,  I  believe."  *'  Yes,  sir, — nice  ones 
ain't  they?"  "Yes,"  I  replied,  "they 
are  niw  ones.  Do  yon  see  that  tree 
there?"  and  I  pointed  to  a  thrifty  peach, 
with  about  as  many  leaves  as  an  explo- 
ded sky-rocket.  "Yes,  sir."  "VVell, 
Bates,  that  red-and-whito  cow  of  yours, 
Yooder,  eat  the  top  off  tliat  tree ;  I  saw 
her  do  it."  Then  I  thought  I  had  made 
Bates  &shamed  of  himself,  and  had 
wonnded  his  feelings,  perhaps  too  much. 
I  was  afraid  he  would  offer  me  money 
lir  the  tree,  which  I  made  np  my  mind 
to  decline  at  onoe.  **  Sparrowgrass,'' 
wM  he,  "It  don't  hart  a  tree  a  single 
monal  to  chaw  it,  ef  it^  a  yoang  tree. 


For  my  part,  I'd  rather  have  my  yonng 
trees  chawed  than  not.  I  think  it  makes 
'em  grow  a  leetle  better.  I  can't  do  H 
with  mine,  bat  yon  can,  because  you 
can  wait  to  have  good  trees,  and  the 
only  way  to  have  good  trees  is  to  have 
'em  cliawed." 

I  think  Mrs.  Sparrowgra«  is  much  hu- 
proved  by  living  in  the  oountry.  The 
air  has  done  her  gcKid.  The  rose^  again 
bloom  in  her  cheeks,  as  well  as  freokles, 
big  as  butter  cups.  When  I  come  home 
in  the  evening  from  town,  and  see  her 
with  a  dress  of  white  dimity,  set  off 
by  a  dark  silk  apron,  with  tasfeful  pock- 
ets, and  a  little  tly-away  cap  on  the  back 
of  her  head,  slie  does  look  bowitching. 
"  My  dear,"  wiid  Mrs.  Sparrowgrass,  one 
evening  at  tea,  "  what  am  I  ?" 

The  question  tcok  me  at  an  ungnarded 
moment,  and  I  almost  answered,  "A 
beauty ;"  but  we  had  company,  so  I  said, 
with  a  blush,  "  a  female,  I  belieTo." 

"  Nonsense,"  she  replied,  with  a  toss 
of  the  "  know-nothing''  cap;  "  nonsen^4e ; 
I  mean  this ; — when  I  was  in  Philadel- 

Shia  I  was  a  Phihidelphian ;  when  in 
few  Y<»rk,  a  New  Yorker ;  now  we  Hve 
in  Yonkers,  and  what  am  I  f  ** 

"  That,"  said  I,  "  is  a  question  more 
easily  asked  than  answered.  Now, 
*  Yonker^'*  in  its  primary  signiflcanoe, 
means  the  eldest  son,  the  heir  of  the 
estate,  and  *  Yonker's'  is  used  in  the  pos- 
sessive sense,  meaning  ^the  Yonker's,'  or 
the  heir^i  estate.  If,  for  instance,  you 
were  the  owner  of  the  town,  yon  mi;;ht 
with  pnipriety  be  called  the  Yonkeress." 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  said  she  would  as 
soon  be  called  a  tigress  t 

"Take,"  said  1,  "the  names  of  the 
places  on  tlie  Hudson,  and  your  sei 
makes  no  difference  in  regard  to  the 
designation  yon  would  derive  from  a 
locality.  If,  for  insunoe,  yon  lived  al 
Spuyten  Devil,  you  woald  be  eailed  a 
SpuVten  Deviller!" 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  said  nothing  wouM 
tempt  her  to  live  nt  Spayten  Devil. 

"  Then,"  I  continued,  "  there  is  TuUi- 
tndlem — ^}'ou'd  be  a  Tillietadlemer .*' 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  said,  that  in  her 
present  frame  of  mind  she  didn't  think 
she  would  submit  to  it. 

"  At  Sing  Sing,  you  woald  be  a  Sing 
Singer;  at  Sleepy  Hollow,  a  Sleepy 
Hollower." 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  said  thia  was  worae 
than  any  of  the  others. 

"  At  Nyaok.  a  Nyaokiaa ;  al  l>obb'b 
Ferry,  a  DobVs  Ferryer." 

Mra.  Sparrowgram  said  that  aaj  fier- 


022 


FiiTiy  Dayi  in  a  Wesiem  HoUl. 


[D^ 


son  who  woDid  call  her  a  ^'  Dobb^s  Fcr- 
ryer,"  was  destitute  of  a  proper  sense  of 
respect. 

*'  Yon  might  be  a  Weebawkite,  a  Car- 
mRnsviilan,  a  Tubby  Hooker." 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass,  quite  warm  and 
indignant,  denied  it 

"  A  Tarry  to  wnian — a  Riverdalean." 

Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  said  slie  thoneht  a 
villnge  on  tlie  tip-top  of  a  hill  could  not 
be  culled  River^2d  with  any  show  of 
reason. 

"A  Slmpeon's  Pointer— a  Ford- 
hammer.'* 


"A  what r 

"A  Ford-liammer." 

Mrs.  8parrowgra<s  said  she  thought 
at  first  I  was  getting  profane.  "  But," 
she  added,  "  you  do  not  answer  my  ques- 
ti(m.  I  live  at  Yonkers,  and  what  am 
It" 

"  That,"  said  I,  "  Mrs.  Sparrowgrass  b 
a  question  I  cannot  answer,  but  I  will 
make  it  a  public  matter  through  the 
pages  of  Putnamy 

'^  What  is  the  proper  local  or  geogra- 
phical appellation  by  which  an  inhabit- 
ant of  Yonkers  should  be  known  f " 


PORTY    DAYS    IN    A    WESTERN    HOTEL. 


YOU  have  walked  backwards  and  for- 
wards in  Broadway,  said  I  to  myself, 
one  fine  May  day,  until  your  head  is  full 
of  bricks,  and  your  heart  no  better  than 
one  of  its  paving  stones.  Awa^ !  You 
have  in  your  pocket  a  complimentary 
ticket,  which  will  make  every  railway 
conductor  between  New  York  and  the 
Mississippi  take  off  his  hat  to  you ;  and 
from  Rock  Island  you  shall  be  steamed 
up  the  graceful  windings  of  the  upper 
Mississippi  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony, 
scot  free,  and  found  in  claret.  There 
you  shall  stand  exulting  by  the  side  of 
the  Laughing**  Waters,  and  look  out  upon 
that  sea  of  prairies,  which  rolls  its  waves 
even  to  the  foot  of  the  Rocky  Monntains. 
This  homily  produced  its  desired  ef- 
fect. The  very  next  morning  I  took 
rav  seat  in  the  train  for  Dunkirk,  con- 
soling mysdf,  at  leaving  the  dear  city, 
with  a  large  supply  of  the  morning 
napers.  But  at  the  sight  of  the  very 
nrst  green  field,  I  opened  the  window 
and  threw  out  my  newspapers.  How 
could  he  have  had  the  the  heart  to  say 
it? — "All  green  fields  are  alike,  sir;  let 
ua  take  a  walk  down  Fleet  street."  It 
^.  was  because  he  was  a  great  writer  of 
prose,  and  no  poet,  the  London-loving 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  But  let  lexico- 
graphers and  cockneys  go  melancholy 
at  the  sight  of  green  nelds — not  I.  The 
ploughshare  in  the  greensward,  the 
hand  of  the  sower  scattering  seed,  the 
springing  corn,  the  budding  clover,  the 

gromises  of  the  spring  ready  on  every 
and  to  burst  into  the  flowers  of  sum- 
mer— theae  rural  sights  broke  up  the 
ftmntaiM  of  my  heart,  as  if  its  rock  had 


been  smitten  by  the  rod  of  an  angel  finom 
heaven.  The  very  first  full-blown  or- 
chard brought  the  whole  troup  of  my 
youthful  feelings  rushing  back.  As  the 
butterfly  feels,  when  the  bands  of  the. 
chrysalis  are  broken,  and  its  bespangled 
wings  are,  for  the  nrst  time,  spread  to 
the  sun,  so  did  I  seem  to  rise  into  a 
higher  life  as  the  flying  train  left  the 
city  and  its  cares  behind,  and  conveyed 
me  into  the  heart  of  the  country  and  of 
nature. 

It  is  an  exhilarating  sensation  when 
the  burden  of  accustomed  cares  is  un- 
loosed from  the  back,  and  one  sets  out, 
at  least  one  friend  in  company,  on  a 
journey  to  places  far  ofl\  and  never  be- 
fore visited.  The  commencement  of  the 
voyage  to  sea,  is  no  doubt  the  most  stir- 
ring. The  weighing  of  the  anchor,  the 
spreading  of  canvas,  the  graceful  drop- 
ping down  the  tide,  the  standing  out  to 
sea,  until  native  land  is  lost  to  the 
sight.  Who  can  ever  forget  his  first 
launch  upon  this  illimitable  ocean  t 
The  start  by  stage-coach,  too,  in  the 
days  of  those  social  vehicles,  was  an 
event  which  sent  a  pleasing  thrill  to  the 
heart.  Tiie  sounding  call  of  the  coach- 
man^s  horn,  as  he  approacheil  your  dwel- 
ling, followed  by  the  rattling  of  the 
coming  wheels,  the  salutations  of  fellow 
travellers  as  you  took  your  seat,  the 
smart  dashing  down  the  court  yard, 
with  cracking  whip  and  leaders  pran- 
cing, while  you  waved  farewella  oat  of 
the  window,  to  the  little  group  left 
behind — these  are  among  the  poetical 
recollections  of  the  pa<«t.  Then^  tbert 
was  the  go-off  In  the  old  fiunily  eoaohi 


lt!H.} 


^brfjr  i^ayi  In  m  Wmlfm  ^id. 


Hi  |K»ck4»ts  wen  Hutfi^d  with  tho  littio 
oaccMifl^  and  oc»tafarfj  of  irATeV  tt^ 
ieaU  fJvUghtfuUy  t'^l^^d  up  with  coita 
ttniiiibiiw^  and  bociku  ftutl  prMentA  for 
your  oatt^iii:^  and  ibe  iroiwb^fld  ftQC«a^ 
fill  tximk^  wei)  foi^tendd  tm  behind;  tlid 
pridti  (ifCutf)'  m  hi«  Um^W  In  hniid  th« 
riljtKirH;  tik»  iVIea^d  eisrlosity  of  dr>* 
ii  tfierctl  ^runml   lo  wi|ne««}  the 

the  lost  words  with  frUnd*, 
fi  /  u.  .1  oiT  nml  oVr  fi^r  -^  '^'^  wais 
OJio  f»f   th<^  p.^r]tly   hlfJirt  t«oct- 

iioim  of  diu  it\iht\  time.  .- *^  -<-o  lt#W 
ftislikiH<>d  way  of  iotting  off  by  mil— 
in  thorn  no  [KN^try  in  ihitf  Yen,  The 
tJiouK'^jt  tli:ir  in  n  f^w  brief  boura,  you, 
whcj  iirii  Irjivinjjf  tlie  oeeaii  M^  wUJ 
iHlul  no  the  sUotm  tif  our  ^rcal  iiiknd 
iiiii^  liud  Will  lunk  titit  11  (Km  tlKa  level 
IkoHsoo  of  Uit.'   :  ttid  will  drink 


tlk«  wnt^ifA 

jinnili 

IrijM— this,  t4>il» 

Ji&«  in  it  tL 
ler««  ftrjd  J 

llK' 

iKttl.    The 
T*  of  tu- 
rn  ut  MtiiF  chariot 

firhocK  of 

fc 
imiTi 

ilaii 

I 

ng    dmtjiace     lind 

!  tim«  with 

'  H  i  tin  nine* 

.^   ."  ih**  inlud, 

-   uf  the  llying 

[lie  ^od-^* 

1  uiid  tiiis  M  the 

the    pictnr««quo 

tWma  111  the  hebwjire  anr]  iho  dtt»- 
iQo  h  Aii  nil  1  My  ^  y  ei*.  w  h  i  ch  h  :ul  i>*cQme 
d  III  led  l*y  tins  city,  bnck^  Jind  hfown 
nS>MM*,  wj*rp  (*n'ir«i*nMl  of  the  Ur^diKiftpe, 
'[  'in  And  Hlopin^  hiil!%  ttie 

V  -   und    the  fjif- reaching 

iorc-^i*  wy-r  111    M   eorhnritmOUt, 

mtf  a  i!t«'  •.  thcTu  will  hi*  Hi) 


aijdi 

Wo  It! 


liiwnrt ; 


1.  left 

I'-  i/on; 

when  vine.tijMjiL*d  viijin  sthali  oYcrJoiik 
Ihe  riv«»r  rcsi(.die4^  Afid  fitiii  OitUJi^^ 
nhali  ti«*itJe  iii  ev«ry  nc>ak  *tf  th«»o  h>rt* 
ino'intnin     f?injr'"*v    th^   tfiini^ffipp^    will 

Iv 


d^y  and  ^ 

kurcn  of  iu_. 

Th^i 


now    t%  thtt 


h  feMNofi. 


gravel  the  bankp  of  the  Hiidionf  wH 
ako  soon  « nil  von  and  bffiiutvfy  tho90  df 
the  leiaroely  lees  pletarc^qne  Delaware 
and  StiaqaehantSA,  Fi>r  tny*elf,  I  ha¥» 
ftlrendy  a  chateau  in  Uitit  BfTaln. 

On  am  ring  at  HornelUrille,  I  l>b- 
09rTed  that  Amilb  wa«  jnst  in  the  aet 
of  uulllug  np  hi«  Htuds  itn  the  harixi»B ; 
and  I  mifolvud,  imitating;  hi^  eiftin^ 
to  let  my  own  axle^  am]  nn til  mornia& 
I  had  done  about  as  good  a  day's  w^ 
M  Ihe  gixl  hiniself,  having  pUued  aotno 
three  or  foyr  hundred  irdie!*  tKrtwMa 
mo  and  the  f^mcU  of  nalt  watcir^  Pleiaed 
at  no  ^rcal  a  result^  at  the  cost  of  io 
little  pemoual  ex^-rtion,  I  ^KKj-naiuredJy 
allowed  myself  to  be  carried  off  by  a 
big  8arnbO|  with  the  name  of  some  Dov 
forgotten  hotel  on  hU  hut  band^  aod 
who  wm  I  he  only  rejiri^enlijirve  %t 
Uiirnellarilie  nf  that  inUTestini^  (;la«)«  of 
fellow-oiEi/«nj%  who  nuitally  Bland  at  Iho 
railway  ^tntions  to  wftooinu  tlm  travaUar 
to  the  hoipitahlie^  of  their  reMpi^^tiva 
Irjdging-honiiLH,  Sambi>  wn^  a  giiod*Ra- 
tijp«?d  fellow  him^olr'^  and  a  tat  on*; 
but  iie  promised  moTe  thtiii  he  oould 
perftirra,  Hi«i  becb  were  olcan,  and  hii 
«upper  hot  —  a*  he  a-t»^v<!nued.  Hot 
when  promiMs  came  to  pcri^^rmano©, 
thorn  wa^  n  mid  falling  o(F,  It  took  if 
nincb  lilt  an  ck' rill};  on  my  pnrt,  to  ox* 
ti*ftci  a  pair  of  irlean  iiii(?et<t  from  !^(imbo*« 
tniAtnmai,  a-^  wonbl  have  nuflii^L'd  to  **  lift 
a  faney  '^  in  Wail  iiU'eet.  A*  tlie  iravdlvf 
leavui  the  *etthi>ard,  hi*  bed-linen  be- 
00 (not  more  iind  inure  tfUffiiciMtin^  uoitl 
in  the  very  tar  Wojit  it  lit  fuund  in  »tieh  a 
vonditiun,  that  tii\  i  Eo  jt  b  takan 

by  tii«  litwt  iw  a  J  ^tilt.     **Oiip- 

*r'^     "iii't  you  gi^i  lur  a  v\vi\t}  towel r* 
!  a  pn»r.ctigor  roocmtlv  on  bfjnrd 
-iippi    ttt^^jimer.      **Uij   to   h— , 
Fifty  [HMt^d'i  havd  n^«[l   thu 
,^1  vu!i  £trn  tirt  flr*t  mmi  I  hafa 
hv  ^    Bii  any   faiih' 

li  n;  :  ,   ahoetJS  Woldd  b# 

fijiUiwvd    iii^tftiiUy    by    the    r«qti<Ht    Jbr 

yon  to  •c^'k  I  .»dj(in^»  i^l^i-u  hcri.     How* 

ever,  thb  happens  on  '  *id«  of 

the  MiWittippi,  not  at  ^  lie.    At 

for  fiupi^kii't  at  thin  pLitv,  happy  la  til* 

travcdler    who    c«n    niukti    a    inial   on 

rtniAtL^l    porato^,      Tl*  t    At 

lloruclbvitte,  m  both  nttrl 

■  "    ■    orit^neetiOii'.' '<  fy* 

'  {^nwl  thai  1    ^  .  i«e 

t, .  *,.♦    Nijihiii^   ...^;^**irtt 

Ac  '  ;dy  potato  Ahoolii 

*i!.  '     ,  'ilth    of    CO] 

re.       U   ha*,    kept    marij  a 

JIM  «t«irTatioii,  and  may  da  tfai 


m 


Forty  Dayn  in  a  WaUm  Hotel. 


[Dec 


^yfarer  at  Ilornoll^ville  tho  same  sub- 
ftantial  service. 

At  Cleveland,  my  hotel  was  better; 
snd  having,  unfortunately,  beet!  con- 
fine<l  to  hotels  nearly  all  the  time  I  spent 
i^  the  West,  it  is  proper  that  my  re- 
marks should  not  go  far  beyond  them. 
Bat  I  must  confess  that  my  mind  was 
leas  impressed  by  tlie  guests  of  the  house 
than  by  its  waiterdom.  For  while  the 
true  western  man  scarcely  begins  to  ap- 
pear BO  far  east  as  OleveLind,  the  west- 
ern negro  is  here  seen  in  his  perfection. 
He  is  »ui  generis;  and  a  very  different 
fellow  from  his  type  in  tlie  Old  Dominion. 
The  Virginia  "boy"  belongs  to  a  master, 
whom  it  is  his  pride  to  resemble  as  far 
as  a  black  man  can  a  white  one.  He 
affects  the  same  air  and  carriage.  He 
has  the  same  hitch  in  his  gait,  and  the 
•ame  twist  in  his  neck.  His  hat  has  tho 
Atme  cock  to  it.  To  make  the  resem- 
Maiice  still  more  perfect,  he  sports  himself 
hi  his  master^s  cast-off  clothes.  On  oc- 
eisions,  he  even  contrives  to  put  on  his 
■UBter^s  very  best  coat,  and  goes  to 
meeting  or  a  breakdown  in  it.  His  cra- 
TEt  may  have  been  dyed  redder.  His 
•Mrt  collar  may  cut  a  trifle  sharper 
ender  the  ears,  and  his  kerchief  hang  a 
Mttle  lower  out  of  his  coat  pocket.  To 
wear  Iiis  master's  gloves,  too,  would  be 
to  split  them ;  nor  would  there  be  heel- 
room  enough  in  his  pumps  to  make  them 
ef  any  service.  But  take  him  all  in  all, 
b^  is  massa  done  in  charcoal,  and  not  a 
kad  likeness. 

But  the  Cleveland  darkey,  poor  fel- 
h)w,  has  no  master  to  copy  from.  He 
hteks  a  beau-ideal.  In  himself  merely 
he  tikes  no  pride ;  sees  nothing  to  ex- 
cite his  admiration.  He  is  a  free  nig- 
Kr,  and  that's  all.  The  western  man, 
ving  none  of  the  air  of  a  grand  seignior 
la  Virginia  about  him,  furnishes  little 
that  suits  the  negro's  taste  to  imitate, 
'jfhe  result  is  a  general  letting  down  of 
his  aspiratioas  and  manners.  The  black 
man  one  meets  in  the  streets  of  Cleve- 
land is  as  humdrum  as  the  white  one. 
He  hftB  no  style.  He  has  not  the  haul 
t9nof  a  negro  belonging  to  a  gentleman. 
Tlie  fine  dash  of  Virginia  upper  Cuffy- 
dom,  it  is  gone,  gone  for  ever.  Sambo 
has  settled  down  into  a  simple  hourgeoii^ 
and  doffed  the  colonel.  His  nose  may 
be  ooal  black  still,  but  with  less  of  the 
naioral  scent  about  it.  The  blaze  of  his 
eravat  has  nearly  gone  out.  If  still  a 
«li  or  yellow,  'tis  dull  and  ineffeotnal. 
Be  does  not  any  longer  wear  cast-off 
moadclothi  or^hially  cot  by  a  tidlor  of 


fiishion,  but  dresses  himself  in  the  lin^^ey- 
woolseys  of  the  slop-shops.  No  buSf 
flaunts  from  his  vest;  no  pit  shines 
on  his  buttons ;  his  hat  is  worn  as  square 
on  his  head  as  a  Quaker's.  Instead  of 
naturally  falling  lips,  he  wears  his  mouth 
parsed  up.  His  foot  li>ses  something  of 
Its  spread^  and  the  principal  protube- 
rance of  his  person  is  loss  amply  rounded 
out.  The  change  is  lamentable,  and 
shows  the  effect  of  freedom  on  the  Afri- 
can to  be  just  about  the  same  as  civiliza- 
tion and  whisky  on  the  Indian.  The 
picturesqneness  of  his  character  gone, 
and  his  spirit  sunk  within  him.  Lis  skin 
might  just  as  well  be  white ;  and  were 
the  mulatto  tint  entirely  exhausted,  the 
face  of  society  would  lose  a  variety  of 
aspect  scarcely  worth  preserving. 

Still,  at  the  table,  la  grande  manUn 
is  so  natural  to  the  negro  waiter,  that 
even  in  the  West  he  cannot  divest  him- 
self of  all  his  good-natured  pompasity. 
The  honor  of  serving  a  gentleman  from 
"York  city"  carries  him  back  for  the 
moment  to  Old  Virginny,  and  distends 
his  breast  with  a  degree  of  that  hauteur 
he  felt  when  a  member  of  one  of  its 
"first  families."  He  puts  on  his  lost 
graces.  His  lips  swell  with  smiles.  He 
protrudes  his  posterior.  With  head 
thrown  back,  chest  forward,  and  feet 
turned  out  ns  square  as  he  can  get  tliem, 
he  does  the  honors  of  the  table  with 
characteristic  grace  and  bombast. 

"Have  a  French  roll,  sir?" 

"  A  what — did  you  say  ?" 

"  Very  nice  French  roll,  sir !" 

The  words  made  on  my  mind  an  im- 
pression similar  to  that  produced  by  a 
sudden  rumbling  in  the  ears.  On  reco- 
vering my  slightly  disturbed  equilibrium, 
I  asked  myself,  "Am  I  not  then  in 
Cleveland  ?  and  is  not  this  Ohio-baked 
bread,  with  treacle  in  it?" 

Oh,  that  black  barbarian!  couldst 
thou  not  have  spared  me  that  recollec- 
tion of  the  Palais  Royal  ?  Thou  woolly- 
head,  thou'rt  no  garfon  chez  Very.  Hon 
dieu  !  no !  The  roll  of  the  banjo  is  the 
only  roll  you  have  any  true  knowledge 
of.  Where  is  thy  dean  apron  ?  Where  is 
thy  napkin  ?  Where  are  thy  ready  wits 
and  foresight,  anticipating  the  wants  (^ 
the  diner  from  the  very  sliape  of  hit 
mouth  and  the  pucker  of  his  lips  ?  Thoa 
hast  a  greasy  jacket ;  thy  cravat  is  a 
faded  blaze ;  tliy  lips  have  no  wit  io 
them ;  and  thy  rolls  are  not  French. 

It  is  bad  enough  to  be  obliged  to  di* 
rat  aooh  bread,  without  being  told  that 
ft  k  French.    The  eook  has  put  treaete 


1654.] 


Forty  Days  in  a  ]Vc^Urn  HoUl, 


025 


into  it  to  coax  it  down  your  tliroat  bv 
tliii)  8weet  persuaMvo.  And,  indceJ, 
this  gilding  of  the  pill  isiiccccds  in  most 
cimM  well  enough.  The  biscuits  are 
tossed  off  so  rapidly  by  the  guests,  tliat 
tlio  cook,  in  liis  hurry  to  supply  the  de- 
mand, does  not  take  more  than  half  the 
needful  time  to  bake  them.  Slack- 
baked,  but  sweet,  and  all  the  doctors 
say,  God  speed  them  ! 

But  to  go  on  to  Chieag«i — our  largo 
railway  "cars,"  in  which  fifty  or  sixty 
persons  sit  together,  are  con«<tructed  on 
the  democratic  principle,  and  Are  there- 
fore not  be  spoken  against.  Still, 
if  it  could  be  done  without  cau^^ing  the 
inimaculateness  of  my  republicanism  to 
be  called  in  question,  I  would  eay,  that 
for  myself  I  prefer  the  smaller  carriages 
of  the  Eurojiean  ari>torrat''.  On  their 
roads  a  party  of  four  may  be  accommo- 
dated with  a  coupe  to  thoiubelves;  a 
party  of  six  or  cigiit  may  take  a  private 
berime ;  and  there  are  larger  carriages 
for  iho?e  who  prefer  to  8it  in  a  crowd. 
Ever  since  I  got  into  the  train  at  Hornells- 
ville  to  continue  my  journey  westward,  I 
have  ventured  to  claim  t!ie  right  of  mo- 
destly expres>irig  this  preference.  On 
taking  my  place,  I  found  myself  sur- 
rounded by  a  Very  worthy  set  of  fellow- 
citizens,  but  whose  r.otions  of  the  decen- 
cies of  tnivil  rirjidored  them  very 
underiirnblo  fellow-passengers.  A  ma- 
jority of  thcTu  were  returned  Califor- 
niari.H,  just  from  hhip,  and  bound  for 
their  homes  in  the  We-^t.  Not  that  that 
wa"*  anything  lo  their  discredit.  On  the 
contrary,  I  liked  to  havi'  a  talk  with 
them  resja'cting  their  El  Doradti.  But 
'lis  jscaroely  too  inueh  to  say,  that  I  had 
to  walk  to  my  sef*t  through  lake««  of 
toba^'co  juire.  A  fow  Mjuirts  more 
wjndd  have  lloated  the  benches.  Tliere 
were  AT\\n  of  <irange-pcel  lying  about 
hufliiient  to  have  paved  the'tl(M>r;  and 
it  lacked  but  little  that  ihey  wentMiiling 
round  Iikechi(fS(maniill-|Kmd.  Ilereaod 
then*,  in  t Ids  odoriferous  sea,  were  small 
i^landn  ot'  pe.-i-nut  shtiLi ;  wliile  the  scat- 
tered newspapers,  qimck  medicine, 
hotel,  Pt^NUiiboat,  and  railway  adverlii»e- 
nienth  were  not  unlike  field-ice  floatioff 
on  tlic  ocean.  Now,  that  this  class  of 
fellow-cits  should  travel  through  the 
country  in  the  same  costume  in  wliich 
they  swing  the  pick  at  the  "diggings** 
ii«  to  be  expected.  It  makes  the  aspect 
uf  our  lite  more  picture<«quc.  Skull- 
caps of  nor* west  coast  seal-skin,  boota 
blacked  with  the  mod  of  the  Sacramento 
river,  clubs  captured   from   California 


Indians,  knapBack<«  and  camp  blankets 
which  had  served  to  transport  gold- 
dust,  fiork  and  mola«ses,  relieve  tl:e  mo- 
notony of  gents  and  ladies,  nil  in  the  last 
New  York  fashions.  But  when  it  oomes 
to  the  tobacco  spitting,  the  apple 
parings,  the  feet  over  the  sofa-backs, 
then  I  beg  for  an  European  coup6,  and 
all  the  American  fair,  I  a:n  sure,  will  be 
of  my  opinion. 

A  change  of  "  cars  "  brought  mo  to 
Chicago.  But  I  could  not  leave  them 
without  making  another  reflection  of 
an  aspect  somewhat  unpatriotic.  My 
excuse  is,  that  it  was  forced  upon 
my  mind  by  the  circum>tances  in 
which  I  happened  to  be  plac<Ki.  Be- 
fore me  sat  a  French  family,  appa- 
rently going  to  seek  a  new  home  in 
the  n  est ;  and  nearly  opposite  an  Ame- 
rican one,  having  the  same  destination. 
The  Frencli  consisted  of  a  grandmother, 
her  married  daughter,  son-in-law,  with 
two  small  cljildren,  and  a  female  servant. 
They  were  as  full  of  chat  as  jackdaws. 
Their  conversation  ran  a  steady  stream, 
sparkling  with  pleasantries,  with  trivial- 
ities concerning  oidy  themselves,  or  with 
ob^crTations  upon  wh.itever  pa*4sed  be- 
ft>re  their  eyes.  They  were  under  no 
particular  excitement;  but  tlieir  con- 
ver.-ati4)n  seemed  tlie  natural  flow  of 
min^ls  alert  and  happy.  Whenever  the 
baby  threatened  to  cry,  it  was  laughed 
into  good  humor.  The  servant  was  aii« 
Iponne  JiUe^  goiMl-natured,  ready,  and  as 
one  of  the  family.  Whenever  the  heljH 
ing  hand  of  the  father  was  needed  for 
any  purjKise,  it  was  forthcoming  with 
alacrity,  and  a  jest  or  a  smile  accom- 
panied the  action.  It  was  easy  to  see 
that  this  family  had  a  fund  of  resources 
in  their  giM>d  nature  and  their  vivacious 
niindswhich  was  making  not  only  their 
journey  to  their  new  home,  but  that 
through  life,  also,  a  pleasant  one.  Let 
I  hem,  then,  live  where  they  may,  I  atn 
sure  they  will  st'll  keep  on  chatting 
jesting,  placing  with  the  children,  and 
taking  the  little  in''idents  of  every  pa^^s- 
ing  hour  gracefully  and  gaily.  There 
was  nothing  very  {>eculiar  or  extraordi- 
nary in  their  appearance ;  but  thcjr 
were  a  fair  specimen  of  French  nature 
of  the  clas^  hourgeoia. 

My  New  Eugland  c(»usins,  who  sat  oih 
posite,  were  a  young  coufde,  with  a  child 
some  two  years  old.  They.  Uh»,  were 
visiting  the  Western  country  for  the  first 
time,  and  were  giving  to  found  a  home 
on  Uie  prairies.  But,  during  half  A 
dozen  boors,  scarcely  so  many  words, 


626 


Forty  Days  in  a  Western  JBoteL 


[Dec 


80  far  as  I  observed,  passed  between 
them.  The  father  was  kind  and  atten- 
tive to  his  ciiild,  bringing  it  water,  and 
giving  it  milk  to  drink,  from  a  bottle. 
The  mother  held  it  with  affection.  They 
evidently  were  happily  niatclied;  and 
were  lioeing  the  row  of  life  bravely  to- 
gether. But  they  were  sober-faced; 
ihcy  iind  no  words;  they  scarcely  locked 
out  of  the  window.  There  was  no  flitting 
of  smiles  from  time  to  time  across  their 
facts;  nor  any  chance  fancies  laughing 
out  of  tlieir  eyes.  They  were  **  going  a- 
head  "  steadily  and  earnestly;  but  with 
something  of  the  dulness  of  machines, 
as  well  OS  their  certainty.  Their  joys 
appeared  to  be  all  hopes.  With  eyes 
looking  forward  into  the  future,  they 
heeded  not  the  present.  They  did  not 
seem  to  be  unhappy ;  nor  do  I  presume 
they  ever  will  be.  But  they  were  mak- 
ing life  a  drudgery ;  and,  at  the  end  of 
it,  the  sum  total  of  their  enjoyments  must 
be  scarcely  worth  the  reckoning  up.  To 
prove  to  themselves  that  they  have  lived, 
they  will  have  for  evidence  only  their 
toils,  their  deeds  done;  for  on  their  fore- 
heads the  curse,  so  nearly  illegible  on 
those  of  their  French  fellow-passengers, 
is  plain  enough  for  him  that  runs  to  read 
it,  In  the  sweat  of  thy  brow  shalt  thou 
eat  bread  all  the  days  of  thy  life.  To 
what  purpose  liave  they  ever  been  edu- 
cated? In  reading,  writing,  and  keeping 
accounts  they  may  have  been  well 
drilled,  but  they  have  never  learned, 
either  from  nature  or  tJie  schools,  the 
firet  elements  of  the  aatoir  vitre.  Wor- 
thy, useful,  reliable  persons  they  are; 
but  thoroughly  humdrum.  Surely,  there 
is  but  one  thing  a  Yankee  cannot  learn 
how  to  do — and  that  is,  how  to  bo 
happy. 

Let  not  the  reader  think  that  I  shall 
be  forty  days,  also,  in  getting  to  my 
western  hotel.  One  more  observation, 
and  I  shall  be  there.  It  relates  to  my 
French  fellow- [)as^engers,  and  so  well  il- 
lustrates their  national  politeness,  as  to 
warrant  a  parsing  menti«m.  The  grand- 
mamma, happening  to  adjust  her  dress, 
!:o  as  to  protect  her  shoulders  against  one 
of  those  small  drafts  of  air  w^hich  the 
French  take  such  pains  to  avoid,  a  gentle- 
man sitting  by  the  side  of  the  window 
whence  proceeded  the  annoyance,  shut 
it.  Thereupon,  the  good  lady,  turning 
completely  around,  said  to  him,  with  a 
smile,  "  I  thank  you,  sir."  This  trifling 
piece  of  good  manners  pleased  me  tho 
more,  inasmuch  as  a  few  minutes  before, 
I  had  surrendered  a  very  good  seat  to 


accomodate  one  of  my  own  feir  country- 
women, and  got  no  thanks  for  it. 

It  wa<t  late,  on  a  rainy  evening,  that  I 
arrived  at  Chicago.  On  entering  the  ho- 
tel which  had  been  recommended  to  me^ 
1  found  the  hall  filled  like  a  merchant's 
exchange,  and  made  my  way  to  the  of- 
fice not  without    some  diflSculty.     The 
clerks  were  all  too  busy  to  notice  my 
arrival.     I  was  not  asked  to  register  my 
name  on  the  hotel-hook,  but  did  it  with- 
out invitation.     After  waiting  some  little 
time,  I  succeeded  in  catching  the  eye  of 
a  clerk,  when  we  held  the  following  con- 
versation together: 
**  Have  you  a  room  for  me  ?" 
"  Not  a  room  in  the  house,  sir." 
"  Well,  give  me  a  cot,  then  ?" 
"  Not  a  cot  in  the  hjujse,  sir." 
*^But  I  am  ill,  and  can  go  no  fur- 
ther.    You  may  give  me  a  sofa, — ^any- 
thing." 

*^  Not  a  sofa  in  the  house,  sir;  nothing 
in  the  house,  sir." 

And  the  clerk  passed  on,  to  say  the 
same  thing  to  another  applicant  for  hos- 
pitality,— ^and  tt)  another, — until  he  was 
so  tired  of  refusing  that  he  did  it  with- 
out pity,  or  oven  politeness.  I  turned 
on  my  heel ;  and,  at  the  same  instant, 
turned  on  his  heel  towards  me  one  of 
the  bystanders.  It  was  a  small  provi- 
dence, for  he  was  a  good  Samaritan  from 
New  York,  who  picked  me  up  in  my 
hour  of  need,  and  gave  me  a  cot  in  his 
empty  pailor. 

I  then  learned  that  I  had  arrived  at 
the  wrong  hour  in  the  day.  lu  the  Chi- 
cago hotels,  the  tide  of  travel  ebbs  and 
flows  twice  in  the  twenty-four  hours,  as 
regularly  as  the  ocean  follows  the  moon. 
After  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning,  rooms 
are  as  easy  to  be  had  as  any  drug  in  the 
market ;  after  nine  in  the  evening  they 
can  rarely  bo  obtained  for  money,  and 
never  for  love.  The  lio.<pitality  of  the 
house  ceases  at  9  o'clock,  p.  m.  The  ci- 
vility of  the  clerks  is  completely  exhaust- 
ed by  that  time.  Travellers  arriving 
later  than  that,  are  a  nuisance  to  all  the 
oflficials,  from  landlord  to  chambermaid. 
The  cold,  inhospitable  looks  the  belated 
comer  gets  all  round,  seem  to  say  to  him, 
Why  did  you  not  arrive  earlier  in  the 
day?  If  it  would  do  any  good,  you 
might  easily  account  for  the  lateness  of 
your  getting  to  town,  and  show  that  the 
blame  rested  on  other  shoulders  than 
your  own ;  but  it  will  be  of  no  avail. 
You  can  have  as  many  apartments  as  yuu 
please  to-morrow  morning,  bat  to-night 
you  most  get  yoor,  sleep  on  three  chi^s, 


18M.] 


F&riy  Bayi  ia  a  U^akni  IIokL 


est 


orwri'  htU,  if  70m  h^pon  to  U« 

80  it  L4,  }iiir  in  and  yeof  out,     A  por- 
tor,  giftetl  with  ttstmiig^  pmr  of  Imigi*,  b 

hjilb  ^  (>u|,  iouri 

t»ticio;j;ij  i-i  «  ii^tn  v%  ,.  and  iUin 

evc-ry   wiikor,  **A1!  ;!  abonnll 

OiumbQ'i  rt'&^l)  for  li..  .,  .,^,m  8ehuU- 
ern  cart,  Oiimibuji  rciidy  fur  th©  Miobi- 
giiti  Centrnl  ciir*^  t"  or  wWiever  ri>iid  it 
maytw.  A  porsoQ  j»e«ti»U>med  to  thi» 
qtiicl  i»f  liio  t>w]i  mftnsiont  mny  t)«  nn- 
noyiw!  by  thb ;  but,  befur*s  bo  bus  livoil 
forty  dftji  in  1  Ui>  hot«l,  b«tj  pays  no  more 
muMiiHiQ  ti^>  it  til  in  t(>  tbe  b&ml  orgun 
wbiob  Rightly  grind-4  ita  grist  of  irteU»* 
dic*s  umivT  !u*  window*.  Not  le««  em- 
burm<^in^  arcth^^  piW  of  luggage  helped 
Dp  til  I  bo  tmtl^  And  pa«»ag«  wi^yii,  tigaitisi 
wbtcb  onu  i!»  ciiniitJiiiUy liJibTo  to  ran  hii 
nose,  or  bark  hla  *bin^.  And  when  lb* 
trtmk^  nro  loaded  on  tbu  biick*  of  burr v* 
i»li(  (mrrerii^  tbe  n«tc  of  a  r/dbMion  in  stdl 
ifrearer^  fi*r  ptM^r  Tadtly,  witli  balf  n  ton 
of  trutjks  to  bio  liiis^k,  is  bit  lit  I  1&9  a  but, 
itid  vt»e4  ntitldn;^  but  tbi?  tiiftin  ebaoijo of 
th&  omn  thaw  WRY,  Ttio  tfavcHer  la 
mori*  ill  djui<er  of  Wing  nin  ilown  in  tdsi 
hotel,  i\mu  on  tbe  Hver  nr  liio  mil.  Pur- 
ten*,  waiie%  iru<»tfi^  all  jire  in  quick 
titt»lbm :  s^nd  one  or  t1}#  oilier  i«  pretty 
m\T4  '  *  over.     Indwd*  tbo 

•0CI I' t  '  I  old  b  i 0  »  ooi littJin  t 

in:!,  iMi*  unnLT^«»  in  ibo  Hogi^tian 
I>bltcMopKy«  U  not  mors  ituid.  Every 
mJin  i«  fithcr  just  in  fnitn  Clndntmli,  Bi^ 
Lot)i«,  Mdwaul£ii*f  Detroit  or  Cleveland, 
or  h#  i*  Jfut  ttarting  for  ono  of  Uie^ 
|il«e«t.  Uiileit  hi  nial&ci  hin  hundred 
iiil!«i  between  breikCiJit  and  dinn«r«  h« 
tx^untft  biiniidf  ati   idler,  and  talk*  of 

Sri'wing   ru4(y.     A   great    deal    at   bin 
oil  new  hm  tran«aet«  ^  aboard  tbe  ear*,** 
or  ilie  atenmbo^ltf ;  iome  ei  tt  at  Uio  bo- 
Btid  nil  of  It  on  hi*  f*et,  and  ruady 
fto  **b4ilt  '*    The  dinner  Ubi«,  t*K\  ii  an 
'  iTiK     Biiii'i       '  ► 

coufite  of  I  ' 

1^14  !♦■'    Mi^:  .         Ill' I.  rt*  en    f!"    ■ 

rdl  p^M  A  prairie*     ^  ' 

bn-ad,  htf  wil!  ^1 


pcvKi  <<f  lit  tbi«  prie«  "f  peantif^;  and  bb 
"'  ^  '  id-i  lie  uili  give?  ttvray  to  jinj 
one  who  will  ftny  bb  <^biuiipagn«  bill 


thoU'«lind  bn«ibr^ 


liiui    Ui   ^^j'   hi. 

lib  railroad  1 


barei 


Tlio  *'  npflot 

*\%u   (01  lb© 

,.  of 

If 

Uoii, 

V  the 

will 

t-rnkiliyn    in 

he  wdl  dla- 


HiaEe  iKiTid-i  be  udi  give?  avray  to  nnj 
one  who  will  |*fty  bis  c' 
and  the  piper  gtoicrndy* 

1  vfm  not  m  til  n^  to  prevent  my  (jet- 
ti«C  dnwii  to  tbe  tjible  at  int^id*timo.  'thU 
wan  ibc  ebief  ainnsftioent  of  my  day,  be- 
ing ns  i^mid  »t  IkijLfli  low  (.^)!iK*r!y  a^  nitty 
bo  *.  1 1^  <.i.  Miiy  H:,aic<r\fit  lojftt  west  of  tb a 
A-  Tbo    tcibio    grnanii    with 

g.M  ^-.     ilc?re  aie    tbo    venlnble 

eolidf*,  and  none  at  what  th«^  Frenrbinan 
call*  /^  (^W^ii  maiffUi.  Tbe  waltcra 
drop  fatnc^ss,  literiilly,  Yonr  [ibite  Ii 
brought  to  yott  heaped  op  wiib  roitl 
beef.  Every  i\nn\  111  fin  bfm  Id9  ptidding. 
Tb«  wuitcrs  hand  abinit  tbe  iaed  cream 
in  ^lic?c««,  wbioii  sujf^st  tlie  rLHemldanc4j 
of  w n la!  I  ]m\ i  r i t' M .  A  nd ,  Ii  nal  1  y ,  i f 5 e  d  hi  n c r 
ffocs  olF,  liko  I  bo  fintdo  of  a  display  of 
Sreworkai,  with  "Jenny  Ijnd  cake,** 
'*  vanities/*  "co<jkey»,''  ^Maily-fiflgvn*," 
**jdly  NnipV^  "^"'^  '^p^r^ins,** 

Tlw  only  difHeulty  h  in  getting  little 
en^'Ugli,  of  anyildn^  you  niny  call  for* 
Ju5t  a  bit  of  a  tbiiiu,  un  more<fa%  U  an 
lniliw«.ibdliy.  A  t^iin  cut  on  n't  h\^  had* 
A  uiJin,  there^forci,  with  a  delit^nte  sto- 
mach b  entirely  out  of  pUcrt  hens 
wbtrt  the  arraff|fiment«  are  all  di^xignotl 
for  per>*fjni  wbo  are  ready  to  ^'  go  tbo 
wbolo  nnimaK^'  When  1  came  dL>wn  in 
tbe  cv^ening.  to  frot  a  cup  of  tea  and  a 
btle  at  a  bi^otdt,  I  never  eould  ^tcajM^  tba 
#T*»rla^ling  **  Ilavts  a  be«tkteak,  *ir  T*  of 
tho  waiter^,  'Ti*  a  grear  country  ont 
we^t^  and  tbe  men  wbo  live  In  it  are 
feeder^*  to  ciirreAjnuvd.  They  want  th^lf 
meat  thrive  ihn<^n  a  day,  n^  t^^lt  il ulv  00 
por^r  PftL  ihwn  wben  hv  hvr  rilO 

lidaiRi,  anil  arrivi?*  In  tliU  I  .*vti 

and  hulfrdooA,  Even  tboir  h*>tMm  liare 
fre«r  aeov«»  ti>  the  corn  erib  tlion  negnii«t 
do  in  Virginia.  Tlif!  wrstern  man  ei- 
p9cH  to  M^e  plenty  «roi]T,d  bim*  No- 
thing h  Uyo  fiKkl  lor  bim.  lie  never 
utopit  Ui  connt  the  e<Kt«  ITorn  and  wine 
are   hi*;  boney,  and  tbe    '  -  psh. 

Tbo  cattle  on  a  tboiiHond  bii 

al**!.     Tilt*  prair^ bi« 

floek* ;  the*  eye  t  dn 

to  till?  boriion  ;  I.,, .►  ;i  tU 

t(>n^n«\  the  b^ar  Itn  bAtin>'lie«,  and  tbe 
buck  bi»  faildlc ;  iba  wild  t»irki*y  \* 
brouglit  in  frotn  tJie  forentn,  lb©  ranva*- 
ba^^k  dock  frotn  tbo  buy*,  and  the 
rnfM  i;r*iiHi*  from  tbe  [irairie^  ;  %ho 
lal'^um  tffv!it  t»cniijrbt  ni  Makiioiw,  tb*' 
VI '  tfH    ilm    Uki**^  iind 

*".-  ,  'y  wenlei!,*^  arrive  b\ 

fA>?n   tbe  aeab<]ard,  every  day  va  iheir 


698 


Forty  Days  in  a  Western  Hotel 


[Dee. 


There  is  plenty  and  to  pparo  of  all 
things,  save  of  art.  The  kitchen  is  in- 
deed no  cuisine.  The  cook  is  not. 
**  abroad"  in  iliese  parts.  Ho  is  coming, 
douhtloss,  in  "  the  jrood  time,"  but  has 
not  yet  arrived.  Siill  there  is,  here  and 
tliere,  a  pioneer  from  Paris,  come  out  to 
try  his  'prentice  hand,  and  **  rough  it." 
Tliere  was  one  sucli  in  my  hotel;  but 
botli  his  dishes  and  his  French  were 
execrable.  He  daily  served  up  such 
figures  of  speech  as  "Calf's  hend  Ala 
Flnancire,"  "  Lamb  chop  santees,"  **  Ha- 
ricot of  Mniton,"  "Fillets  of  beef," 
"Veal  tenderloin,  A  la  ifjicedonia,"  and 
"Macaroni,  A  la  Italionare."  These  mis- 
takes one  might  be  disposed  to  attribute 
to  the  printer,  a  "  devil "  on  whom  is 
heaped  a  multitude  of  sins  not  his  own ; 
bnt  the  dishes  themselves  forbade  it. 
Evidently  these  and  their  printed  names 
were  by  the  same  master,  and  were 
worthy  each  of  the  other.  However, 
'twas  all  Greek  to  the  majority  of  the 
"customers."  The  gods  on  Olympus 
did  not  know  French,  and  the  western 
traveller  finds  ambrosia  in  every  platter, 
spite  of  the  misspelling.  He  goes  for 
the  pates — finds  them  good,  and  doesn't 
trouble  his  head  about  the  patois. 
Still  there  are  those — Connecticut  men, 
no  doubt,  by  origin — who  will  not  eat 
of  any  dish  that  has  not  a  plain  Old  Tes- 
tament name  to  it.  They  admit  of  but 
one  exception.  "  Fll  trouble  you,"  said 
such  a  one,  at  my  side,  "  to  pass  me  that 

E latter  of  shoat  and  beans."  He  felt 
is  native  ])artialitics  melting  in  his 
mouth,  and  could  neither  wait  his  turn 
nor  be  withstood.  "  Fli  just  thank  you, 
stranger,  for  that  platter,"  he  repeated, 
in  a  beseeching  tone  of  voice,  which 
quickly  moved  my  pity,  at  the  same 
time  pointing  and  beckoning  with  both 
his  hands.  After  he  had  "gone  the 
whole  hog,"  he  asked  the  waiter  if  he 
had  any  doughnuts.  **  Doo-noots,"  re- 
plied Pat^  completely  at  his  wit's  end, 
"  Fin  a  thinkin'  them  noots  don't  grow 
In  this  counthry,  sir."  Upon  my  word, 
it  was  the  only  thing  I  ever  heard  asked 
for  at  that  table  which  was  not  to  he 
had.  To  console  my  neighbor,  I  told 
bim  that  doughnuts  were  plentiful  in 
Dunkirk,  for  1  had  seen  them,  a  few 
days  before,  piled  up  there  in  tall  pyra- 
mids, or  after  the  fashion  of  children's 
oob-houses.  Whereupon  he  informed 
me  that  he  was  going  to  Bufiklo  that 
evening,  and  would  stop  a  day  at  Dun- 
kirk on  his  return.  I  advised  him  by 
all  meana  to  do  so. 


But  the  best  part  of  the  dinner  re- 
mains to  be  discussed — 'tis  the  wMters. 
I  took  more  pleasure  in  these  than  in 
anything  they  brought  me.  Of  all 
places  in  this  country,  I  had  always  sup- 
posed that  New  York  was  tlie  one  for 
seeing  Paddy  in  his  truest  and  most 
emerald  colors.  But  'tis  a  mistake.  He 
is  imported  in  still  more  native  purity 
into  Chicago.  It  is  said  that  the  hotef- 
keopers  here  send  out  a  practised  hunter 
from  the  plains,  who  catches  Patrick  in 
his  wildest  state  by  means  of  the  lasso, 
and  forwards  him  "  express,"  by  way  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Lakes,  so  that 
he  is  landed  at  Chicago  withont  change 
of  cloth  or  color.  Tiien  he  is  put  into 
cast-off  clothes — not  a  particularly  good 
fit — is  instructed  to  subdue  his  rebellions 
locks  with  pomatum,  and  is  set  to  ^erve 
tables.  He  pretty  soon  learns  what  a 
beefsteak  is,  for  he  eats  three  a  day  him- 
self. At  the  same  time  he  learns,  ex- 
perimentally, the  difference  between 
wheat  rolls  and  potatoes.  In  the  course 
of  a  week  or  two  he  gets  pretty  familiar 
with  the  necessaries  of  life ;  and  then 
begins  to  beat  his  brains  to  learn  the 
names  of  the  luxuries  of  the  table.  He 
makes  some  progress  until  he  gets  to  the 
French  dishes.  These  confound  him. 
He  don't  know  French  at  all,  at  all.  If 
at  this  stage  of  his  novitiate  you  call 
upon  him  for  a  ^^/ricass^^^^  he  brings 
you  the  ^^fricandeau  ;  "  if  you  demand 
a  ^^  fiol-au'tent^'^  he  runs  the  whole 
length  of  the  table  for  the  pigeon  pie;  if 
you  wish  for  a  fnSringue  glaeU^  he 
thinks  'tis  a  plate  of  ice;  and  if  you 
you  order  crime  fouettee^''^  he  asks  if  you 
will  have  it  boiled.  When  you  decide 
upon  roast  beef,  his  question  is,  "  Done, 
sir,  or  not  done  ?"  Should  you  tell  him, 
in  selecting  turkey,  to  bring  the  drum- 
stick, he  would  inquire  if  you  meant  the 
stick  he  beats  the  gong  with.  His  ideas 
are  all  as  wild  as  prairie  colts. 

Still  this  is  Patrick's  psdmy  condition 
and  best  estate  as  a  waiter.  For  by  the 
time  he  has  served  out  his  apprentice- 
ship he  is  ruined  for  his  trade.  It  takes 
a  certain  number  of  months  for  him 
to  get  it  well  into  his  head  that  he  is  in 
a  free  country ;  and  this  idea,  once  fully 
comprehended,  is  enough  to  spoil  the 
best  waiter  that  ever  came  from  Ireland. 
Having  got  a  few  shiUings  a  rattling  in 
his  pocket,  he  realizes  the  fact  that  he 
is  his  own  man.  Then  he  begins  to  put 
on  airs  not  in  keeping  with  table-wait- 
ing and  bottle-washing.  While  aernng 
at  meals  he  hangs  omnelessly  bj  your 


]8S4.] 


Forty  Day$  in  a  Western  Hotel, 


629 


•^hair-back,  with  greasy  fingore,  bo  tbat 
every   day,  after  dinner,   you  have  to 
•end  your  coat  to  the  oleaner^a,  to  get 
the  marki  of  the  beast  rubbed  out  of  it. 
lie  now  knows  fat  from  lean,  tough  from 
tender,  and  wiiere  the  meat  is  sweetest; 
but  unless  you  fee  him  every  second  or 
tbird  morning,  you  will   bo  mme  the 
better  for  his  increase  of  knowledge. 
Ho  is  diitposed  to  be  short  and  crisp,  as 
if  belonging  himself  to  the  upper  crust 
of  society.   lie  laughs  behind  your  back, 
with  Jimmy,  at  every  »mall  practical 
ioke  that  iiuty  be  enacted  at  the  tables. 
If  a  fiirnier  asks  for  a  bowl  of  bread  and 
milk  for  his  supper,  and  then  peppers 
it,  fin^t  black,  then  red,  ho  laiiglis  at 
that.    Or  if    a   gentleman,   not  being 
able  to  swallow  water  without  brandy 
to  it,  puts  a  glass  of  it  into  his  soup,  he 
lauglis  at  that.    Every  leisure  moment 
he    gathers  Jimmy  and   Dick  togetlier 
to  ciiatter    witli  'them.    Then,  if  you 
call   him,    ho    is  suddenly  deaf  as  an 
adder.     lie  can  neither   hear  nor  see. 
And  when  the   guests  gradually  leave 
the  table,  and    work  slackens,  I    have 
•een  him   lounge   out  on    to    tlio   bal* 
ooiiv,   settle   him.«e1f  in  an  arm-chair, 
cock  his  feet  up  over  the  railing,  and 
quietly  smoke   his   cigar.      Patrick    is 
now    ready    for  a   strike    for    higher 
wages.     At    the  first   word  of  repri- 
mand he  will  throw  up  bis  phice.    lie 
b  too  independent  to   be   drilled  into 
line,  and   alwavs  takes  the  covers  otf 
out  of  time.      Xa^oV,  out  for  him  when 
he  comes  in  with  his  platters,  his  very 
importance  will  run  you  down.    He  is 
still  ignorant,  still  awkward ;  but  with 
ten  dollars  in  his  {K>rket,  ho  is  abash- 
ed  by    nothing  in   heaven,   earth,   or 
Chicago;  and  unless  he  can  have  four 
beefsteaks   a   day,  he   threatens  to  gf> 
back   to   Ireland.     The   truth   is,  that 
the  sense  of  freedom  is   so   strong   at 
the  West,  it  h|x>ils  all  men  for  service. 
Our  naturalization  laws  are   annually 
the  ruin   of   a   great   many    eicellent 
tcnllions     an<l     shoe-blacks.       Nature 
struggles  hard   on   their  side,  but  our 
renublican  institutions  prevail. 

riie  s<K'iety  one  meets  in  a  Chicago 
hotel  c<moist4  principally  of  the  gentle- 
mem  of  the  road.  I  mean  the  railroad — 
men,  so  called — road-builders  and  road 
owners.  There  are  also  the  men  of  real 
estate,  who  deal  in  prairie  and  river 
bottoms.  There  are  grain  and  lamber 
merchanta.  There  are  apecuUtors  of 
•rery  kind.  But  all  have  only  one 
thooght  in  their  minda.    To  boy,  toH, 


and  get  gain — this  is  tlio  spirit  tliat  per- 
vades this  h(>u*to  and  the  country.  The 
chances  of  making  fortunes  in  business 
or  .^peculation  are  po  great,  that  every- 
body throws  the  dice.  Five  years  hencet. 
every  man  expects  to  be  a  nabob.  I 
saw  in  the  West,  no  signs  of  quiet 
enjoyment  of  life  as  it  posses,  but  only 
of  a  haste  to  get  rich.  Here,  are  no 
idlern.  The  poor,  if  any  such  there  be, 
and  the  wealthy  arc  all  equally  hard  at 
work.  Beyond  the  Alle^hanies,  the 
day  has  no  siesta  in  it.  Life  is  a  race, 
with  no  chance  of  repose  except  beyond 
the  goal.  The  higher  arts  which 
adorn  human  existence— elegant  letters, 
divine  piiilosopliy — these  have  not  yet 
reached  tiie  Mississippi.  They  are  far 
off.  There  are  neither  goils  nor  ffracea 
on  the  prairies  yet.  One  sees  onTv  the 
sower  sowing  his  seed.  No  poets  inhabit 
the  savannas  of  Iowa,  or  the  banks  of 
the  Yellow  Stone.  The^e  are  the  emi- 
grants^ homes.  Life  in  tiie  valley  of  the 
ji[issis>ippi  is,  in  fact,  but  pioneering, 
and  has  a  heavy  puck  to  its  back.  At 
present,  the  inhabitants  are  hewing 
wood  and  drawing  water — l.-iying  the 
foundations  of  a  civilization  which  is 
vet  to  be,  and  such  as  never  hath  been 
before.  This,  they  are  doing  with  an 
energy  superior  to  that  which  built 
Carthago  or  Ilium.  Though  men  do  not 
write  books  there,  or  paint  pictures, 
there  is  no  lack,  in  our  western  world, 
of  niiud.  The  geniu-  of  this  new  country 
is  neceswirily  mechanical.  Our  greatest 
thinkers  are'  not  in  the  librarv,  nor  tlio 
capitid,  but  in  the  machine  sliop.  The 
American  |>eop1e  is  intent  on  studying 
not  the  beautiful  records  of  a  past  civil- 
ization, not  the  hieroglyphic  monu- 
ments of  ancient  genius,  but  how  best 
to  subdue  and  till  the  soil  of  its  b<mnd- 
less  territoric<«;  how  to  build  roads  and 
ships;  how  to  apply  the  {>«)wers  of 
nature  to  the  work  of  manufacturing 
its  rich  materials  into  forms  of  utility 
and  etjoyment.  The  youth  of  this 
country  are  learning  the  sciences,  not  aa 
the(»ries,  but  with  reference  to  their  ai>- 

Elications  to  the  arts.  Our  etlucAtlon 
t  no  genial  culture  of  letters,  but  sim- 
{>ly  learning  the  use  of  tools.  Even 
iterftture  is  cnltivated  for  its  jobs ;  and 
the  fine  arti  are  followed  as  a  trade. 
The  prayer  of  this  young  country  is, 
Give  us  this  day,  our  daily  broad ;  and 
for  the  other  i>etitions  (»f  the  Pater 
Noetor  it  has  no  time.  So  must  it  be 
for  the  preeent  We  most  be  content 
with  little  iiteratore,  lees  ftrt,  and  oi4y 


630 


Forty  Bays  in  a  Western  Hotd. 


[Deo. 


Nature  in  perfection.  Wo  are  to  bo 
busy,  not  hftppy.  For  we  live  for 
fului-fty,  and  arc  di»ing  the  work  of  two 
generations  yet  unborn. 

Every  tiling  is  beautiful  in  its  season. 
What  in  now  wanted  in  this  country  is, 
tliat  all  learned  blacksmiths  stick  to 
their  anvils.  No  fields  of  usefulness 
can  be  cultivated  by  them  to  so  great 
advantage  as  the  floor  of  their  own 
smithy.  In  good  time,  the  western 
bottom  lands  will  spontaneously  grow 
poets.  The  American  nnnd  will  be 
brought  to  maturity  along  the  chain  of  the 
great  lakes,  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi, 
the  Missouri,  and  their  tributaries  in 
the  far  northwe>t.     There,  on  the  rolling 

{)lain<,  will  be  formed  a  republic  of 
etters  whicl),  not  governed  like  that  on 
our  seaboard,  by  the  great  literary 
powers  of  Europe,  shall  be  free,  indeed. 
For  there  character  is  growing  up  with 
A  breadth  equal  to  the  sweep  of  the 
great  valleys;  dwarfed  by  no  factitious 
ceremonies  or  usages,  no  precedents  or 
written  statutes,  no  old  superstition  or 
tyranny.  The  winds  sweep  unliindered, 
from  the  Lakes  to  the  Gulf,  from  the 
Alleghanies  to  the  Rocky  Mountains: 
and  so  do  the  thoughts  of  the  lord  of 
the  prairies.  Ho  is  beholden  to  no  man, 
being  bound  neither  head  nor  f(K>t.  Ho 
U  an  independent  world  himself,  and 
speaks  his  own  mind.  Some  day  he 
will  make  his  own  books  ns  well  as  his 
own  laws.  He  will  not  send  to  Europe 
for  either  picture^  or  opinions.  He  will 
remain  on  his  prairie,  and  all  the  arts  of 
the  World  will  come  and  make  obeisance 
to  him  like  the  sheaves  in  his  fields.  He 
will  be  the  American  man,  and  beside 
him  there  will  be  none  else. 

Of  course,  one  does  not  go  to  tho 
West  to  study  fashions  or  manners. 
The  guests  of  a  Western  hotel  would 
not  bear  being  transported  to  Almack's 
without  some  previous  in<^truction 
in  bowing  and  scraping,  or  some  im- 
portant chanjL^es  of  a[>parel.  Foreign 
critics  travelling  in  pursuit  of  the  coini- 
cal,  do  not  fail  of  tinding  it  hero  in 
dress,  in  otjnversation,  in  conduct.  For 
men  here  show  all  their  idiosyncracies. 
There  are  n«)  disguises.  Speech  is  plump, 
hearty,  aimed  at  the  bull's  eye;' and 
without  elegant  phrase  or  compliment. 
On  the  road  one  may  meet  the  good 
Samaritati,  but  not  Beau  Brummell. 
Anything  a  Western  man  can  do  for 
you,  ho  will  do  with  all  his  heart;  only 
he  cannot  flatter  yon  with  nnmeaniog 
promises.    Yon  shall  be  welcome  at  his 


cabin;  but  he  cannot  dispense  his  hos- 
pitality in  black  ooat  and  wiiite  cravat. 
His  work  is  too  serious  to  be  done  io 
patent  leathers.  He  is  in  outward  ap- 
pearance, as  gnarled  as  his  oaks,  bat 
brave,  strong,  Immane,  with  the  oak's 
great  heart  and  pith.  The  prairie  man 
is  a  six-foot  animal,  broad  shouldered, 
and  broad  foreheaded,  better  suited  to 
cutting  up  corn  than  cutting  a  figure  in 
a  dance,  to  throwiit  the  bowie-knife 
than  to  thrumming  the  guitar.  In  Eu- 
rope a  man  always  betrays  a  conscious- 
ness of  the  quafity  of  the  person  in 
whose  presence  he  is  standing.  If  he 
face  a  lord,  it  is  with  submission ;  if  a 
tradesman,  with  haughtiness;  if  a  ser- 
vant, with  authority;  if  a  b^gar,  with 
indifference.  At  Chicago,  two  persons 
meeting,  stand  over  against  each  other 
like  two  door-posts.  Neither  gives 
signs  of  superiority  or  inferiority.  They 
have  no  intention  of  either  flattering  or 
imposing  upon  each  other.  Words  are 
not  wasted.  So  is  the  cut  of  each  other's 
coat  a  matter  of  pertect  ludifTerence. 
Probably  the  man  who  is  "  up  for  Ctm- 
gress  "  wears  the  shabbier  one  of  the 
two.  If  disposed  to  make  a  show  at  all, 
the  Western  gent  is  more  apt  t«>  be 
proud  of  his  horses  than  his  broadcloth. 
His  tread  may  occasionally  have  some- 
thing in  it  indicative  of  the  lord  of  the 
prairie;  but  he  has  little  or  no  small 
nonsense  about  him.  The  only  exception 
is,  i)erhHps,  a  rather  large-sized  diatnond- 
pin  in  his  shirt  bosom. 

The  Chicago  cockney  differs  consider- 
ably from  him  of  New  York.  He  has 
more  of  the  "ready-made  clothing" 
appearance  about  him,  and  wears  his 
hat  drawn  closer  down  over  his  left 
eye.  Si)metiraes  his  cigar  is  in  his  but- 
ton-hole, and  sometimes  in  liis  cheek. 
He  chews  tobacco.  He  vibrates  between 
sherry -coblers  and  mint  juleps.  His 
stick  is  no  slight  ratan,  but  a  tliick 
hickory  or  buckeye,  and  has  a  handle 
large  enough  to  allow  of  its  being  car- 
ried su-pended  from  his  shoulder.  His 
watch-cliain  is  very  heavy — lead  inside 
and  gohl  out.  He  is  learned  in  politics; 
and  boasts  that  a  United  Stata^  senator 
from  his  State,  once  put  his  arm  around 
his  neck,  and  slapped  him  familiarly 
between  the  shoulders.  Wlien  he  was 
in  Washington,  he  messed  with  the 
Illinois  members  of  tlio  Honse ;  and,  as 
Botts  did  with  President  Tyler,  ho 
slept  with  tliem.  Ho  knows,  personally, 
all  the  Western  Judges  and  generals  ia 
in  Oongress;  b^  at  all  the  elections; 


p 


113 d    tnaktm    mon^j    ont  uf  tbem,  let 

III  tb«  «f4*iabofttA  wt>«nov«r  tlicr?  t«  l^i 
b«  A  noe ;  ivIajta  ''  pokei'  *'  on  U>.'u*(l ;  Jifit] 
tire«  on  tiie  pmHu.  IJu  bo^  a  imoli 
eapiul  In  vfud  lurid «,  tiLLnri*;  ant] 
own*  ft  fww  conicir  Itjts  lit  Ojiiro*  mi  J 
oUifr  citic*  Lttd  down  in  hi*  mfip, 
TUe^  be  will  64il]  cKt»Ji{t  for  c«sti.  Ue 
ftibet*  th«  timu  of  buibeit^  aod  i^or«i 
UdifB*  «i>cwiy.  Hi**  eireninjT*  are  «pont 
ftt  m  chib  |ion»o^  having  the  ruLiin?  iif 
**Yoaop  Amtjrii'ji"  UiumM  on  lis  fmtit 
in  llfXf  icilt  li!t!4:!r«(.  il^  dirit!^  at  tL«! 
ertiek  bot^l  of  llio  town;  nnd,  lirw^ng 
^t^  fiftjiie»  t>rer  all  railrri.icls,  ho  k««|^M 
Up  his  hnjiurtanc**  hi  the  worlds  by 
gum^  to  and  fro,  and  [itjttiti^  on  tho 
ain  t^f  a  amn  tiwujug  half  the  VV«HiiJ'n 
conn  try. 

Ai*  u\  tbi*  ln(!i««— ^od  blaw  thom  all 
Vi  '  -I  di'i  mil  H«t.Mhvtn  at 

ill  I VI*  not  a  word  t  j  say 

rg»|H«'T  *  ■'  of  tboif  jJci-^cHw 

or  tilt  '  ^i«ir  h^artik    Thu 

imljr  rtJMrHr  ^>.,M. M  i.»itld  b«  bittardiMl, 
lO«i«yng;  iKl'  fi»w  wliM  t>a*.*cd  nmWr  my 
ob*»^FMvi  i'l  wou!il  l>c,  that  Uioy  w*sro 
fri'  Itfan,     1  diJ  not  havu  ihti 

l^3|;,:.  *jr  ntjtii^g  any  otbyr  diflVf* 

A  tiuunce  of  two  mom;  ti  deyi^r 
of  r«J  i*r  ycllpw  In  the  nJlk ; 
loCflpOf  ringbta;  Ahot^-s'eeTc  dreaa*:*,  cut 
lilgTier  in  tho  Oick ;  a  bitltt  frojiher  \ook 
uf  tJi«  cuuniry  atid  thv  baud-box  ;  nu 
air  uioria  iniltajHjtolifnt  and  a^lf-nulyln^, 
or  moro  awkward  and  ahuAhcd  at  the 
ai^bt  t»lf  in»*n-^the84j  mintrr  dlffctvncv'* 
miff  hi  be  dt?;  ^  '  <<  thu  mdy  dti><ktinct 
Srnt^r^»ita»Jon  nn  rny  mind   lit, 

tbs  faw   k-Miii-.   v»  iioui  1  chanced  ta 
were  cither  fat  or  kan.     1  wiU  tit*E 

But  t  I  ■;1W 

in   my  ^  sntlour*, 

Even  Wti  1  **gwni;  Wt*»t  ' — f«r  t])i» 
qne^liou    wn^   freciiH^ijlly   aakrd    iii^s   at 

L'hioigo,  **Goiiiic  We«i»  »iri"  I  oould 
hava  H'ten  nothuig  uioiu  striking  and 
aigiutiii^int.  Xia/aja,  tlii>  MiJ^iMipiji, 
Uie  l*akcii»  nr^  »n»|  n(i*%r  all  th**  ffrvat 
nhflCtiicl**  U*  !  ry. 

Nor   U  ih^  »it* 

1*11  '      ■       1   -)■!'.. 11  n,    tlilAt    *i\     Ll»0      I  \-M-' 

11^  i  a  rail,   cir   tho    V'lr        i  , 

h"  -    ' "'!-^-h;^, 

n^-.  . .  itj^    at 

b,  .  ..ti;r- 
ti. 

y  ■ 
ill 


I. 


/j/  r  'it,  ht9und /or  ihs  prmrk»^ 

A  fiiniiiy  oiOtTtnan-i  g^nng  by  ihts  !H*t©l 
f>n«  m«irnm;(^^  a^  {  »nl  hy  thts  window, 
*init>k  me  as  the  nm^i  retn/irk  ihlo  sliovv 
I  hml  iM»en  in  the  Wo*L  U  wa*,  hrlevd, 
nothing  DOW  or  nncoinman ;  it  wan  n>t 
pageant  Xn  trnmjwtJi  were  blown  t*> 
announce  tin*  coming  of  this  mimll  de- 
tAolinjL'iit  ofibo  nnuy  genornL  Probibry 
not  a  MonI  in  thi^  city  riutic^d  ihtj  piw- 
Rag«  of  thin  I  poor  family,  )^ive  niy>»oir, 
Y«t  in  it  wa*  wr^ippwi  up  th«  gretit 
AniL^rso&n  fjict  of  tl*o  preii.nit  day— tlia 
tviinmg  in  of  European  invioigrtnu  to 
lake  jioiivo^sion  of  onr  1* extern  plaiua. 
If  tbo^  StatL*f5  did  not  huve  land*  for 
mlo'  at  low  [mi^%  to  attrjK^t  tba  dmire^ 
ftf  tht>  poor  and  tho  ojiprcjiaed  in  all  thi^ 
*iarih,  tht-y  would  bo  i>(  little  irnpoiliim-'o 
ainoni^  ih^  uaUoiis  For  ounlnrio^  th'i 
8wS*>i  hav^j  Imd  liht>rty,  bnt  no  biiul; 
and  hnve  btsan  a  nullity.  Bnt  w«t  hobi 
a  h  '    *'  V    jjoor  nnui   in 

Eur  ^    I^Utii^rjog   blri 

P^jiom-  -  ■♦♦Iri^  oat  for 

Anicrifji  oi'  promiiMi, 

and  the  tn..,  :,^. .  .^.^liU 

The  failiL^r  &iroM  down  th<A  rhiddf<s  of 
tl ic  ri tret*t.  Una ctni^to ( 1  \ei\  to  t h i^  * .^m  %  iv 
niertco  of  eidewalk!)  in  hln  own  coun- 
try, bo  abartid  the  w^^y  witli  tbii  hvMi)fi« 
of  burden,  no  looa  heavily  la<U-n  tlian 
tliey,  H'3  hnrk  hcni  benenfh  iL'*  pnrV. 
In  it  wan 

giKidM  an  .1 

for  a  nig] it  bivuiai^  In  lUe  r  lu  f  ide* 
By  onu  iiand  hr  hi^bi  hiii  pLu^k^aod  int^« 
otlierr  tie  earri^  a  brgo  t^a  kettle ^  1114 
^nde-wifo  ftdlowod  in  bi«  tiMckii,  ^a 
Wvly  ipeakin^  UbtJiuc«  bt^Uind  A  babe 
at  the  broant  wan  b«<r  oidj^'  bnrdeu.  Itolti 
loi>k«d  Htralftbt  f jrwi+T  int.u^:  ,1  ,iv  nn- 
on  piitiin);  00a  f ^^  !  1 

a  direct  lio<i,  bnt  i. 

tnidg^^d  on,  wiih  n  »  anJ 

ojriw  fiiarinjf  on  ti:  llrtt- 

born  m*n,  v»r  ono  wbu  v^Hjuicd  #(iJ2h, 
There  wertr  well  tnwardji  a  ilaxcm  an  in* 
men*  gto >i  tug  in  hi^  face.  A  bit;  tin  i»ad, 
ooDtaliMtiif,    pnjhftMy,    thf?    *liy'«    |Tni- 


did 

hu-i. 

1  . 

1    S.'MI'V 

I.I  .  h'^ 

it      WAl     U 


632 


To  A/y  Herbarium, 


\l>m. 


tho  littlo  fellow  was  learing  off  so  gal- 
l.intiy ;  and  very  comfortably  did  sbo  ap- 
(>ear  to  be  making  the  journey. 

I  watched  this  single  file  of  marcbcrs 
westward,  until  they  disappeared  at  the 
end  of  the  avenue.  They  would  not  stop 
or  turn  ai^ide,  save  for  needful  food  and 
shelter,  until  they  crossed  the  Mississip- 
pi. On  the  rolling  prairies  beyond,  the 
foot-worn  travellers  would  reach  their 
journey's  end,  and,  throwing  their  weary 
limbs  upon  the  fiowery  grass,  would 
rest  in  their  new  home,  roofed  by 
tho  sky  of  Iowa.  Before  the  frosts  of 
autumn  should  set  in,  the  log-hut  would 
be  reared,  and  their  small  household  gods 
set  up  in  it.  In  due  season  the  sod  will 
be  turned,  the  seed  oast  in,  and  later,  the 
harvest  would  make  glad  all  hearts. 
Years  rolling  by,  the  boys  will  grow  up 
freemen,  and  will  make  the  surrounding 
acres  tributary  in  wiieat  and  corn  as  far 
as  tho  eye  can  reach.  Forgetting  their 
uncouth  patoi.s  the  children  will  learn 
the  softer  Anglo-Saxon  accents  of  liberty, 
and  take  tiieir  place  among  their  equal 
fellows,  in  a  society  where  none  are 
bondsmoA.    The  daughters,  relieved  of 


the  hard  necessity  of  toiling  in  the  fields, 
will  gradually  grow  up  in  the  delicaoj 
of  native  Amerioan  beaut\',  retaininff 
only  the  blue  eyes  and  golden  hair  of 
their  German  nativity.  In  the  evening 
of  their  days,  the  brave  grandparents  will 
sit  in  tlie  shadow  of  vines,  sprung  from 
the  peeds  piously  brought  by  them  from 
the  Neckar  or  the  Rhine ;  and  their  sous, 
and  their  son's  sons,  in  tiie  enjoyment 
of  plenty,  happiness*,  and  human  rights, 
will  remember,  with  ble8^iogs,  the  ori- 
ginal immigrants,  and  founders  of  their 
name. 

^^  All  aboard  I  All  aboard  I  Onmibos 
ready  for  the  Michigan  Central  cars."  I 
crawled  out  of  the  hotel,  and  took  my 
seat  in  the  carriage,  resolved  not  to  stop 
until  I  had  regdned  New  York.  I  felt 
almost  as  well  acquainted  with  the  coun- 
try, as  if  I  had  spent  my  forty  days  in 
going  to  and  fro  in  it.  The  men  of  the 
West  had  come  to  me  in  my  hotel,  thon^ 
I  had  not  gone  out  to  them.  In  one 
prairie  I  had  seen  all.  ^^All  Western 
men  and  prairies  are  alike,*'  said  I  to 
myself,  in  stepping  into  the  train  ;  ^'  how 
I  wish  I  were  walking  down  Broad wajy." 


TO     MY     HERBARIUM. 


Ta  df7  ftnd  dead  remains  I 
l^>or,  wrinkled  remnanta  of  a  beaateons  prliae  I 
Why,  from  your  final  doom,  should  I  take  palas 

To  stay  the  hand  of  tlmef 


Turned  to  the  God  of  daj, 
Tour  lltUe  lips  come,  prayerfully,  apart. 
With  the  soft  breeze  your  leaves,  rerlTingi  play 

Sweet  music  to  my  heart. 


The  world  would  pass  yon  by : 
For  beauty,  grace  and  fragrance  aU  are  gone^ 
Tour  age  b  homeliness  to  erery  eye, 

And  prised  by  me  alone. 


TIm  friend  who  In  those  yeara 
Shared  warmly  in  my  rambles  far  and  wtia, 
Back,  with  the  same  old  fondness  i 

And  trudges  at  my  side. 


Not  beautlAil,  but  dear. 
Tour  wrecks  recall  to  me  the  happy  past 
WandlUce,  your  stems  can  summon  to  iq>pear 

The  days  that  could  not  last 


These  are  yonr  charms  to  me  ! 
While  such  dear  recollections  ye  awake. 
Tear  ruins,  blackened,  crumbling  though  thayta^ 

I  treasure  for  their  sake. 


I  breathe  the  summer  air  I 
I  irAnd«;r  in  the  woodland  paths  once  mora  ( 
A.:;ain  the  copce,  the  dell,  the  meadow,  wear 

Tha  lovaUnass  of  yora. 


May  I,  like  yon,  dry  floweza. 
When  in  yoong  life  I  can  no  mora 
A  4aar  namento  be  of  happy  hauai 

To  thaaa  wba  tand  my  a^k 


1S^4.] 


'O0E  FABTlKg    AHD  POLITICS." 


rpUE  pnMoat  Mfwet  of  Aoiirioati  poll- 
^  um  iiiTit»  reflMtioii  and  G«lm  ills- 
floiiioii.  The  mue^  whSdi  tiave  formerly 
dlfid#d  oar  peofile  id  to  two  groftt  partios 
Jmirt  p«sse4i  err  mm  rqildl,?  TMUsinf  awsj. 
Upon  DO  liQgle  qnottion  of  presoit  praii- 
tioiil  iilotEi#nt  ean  4*Uher  the  wbif  pAHy 
or  tb©  democmlio  jmrty  be  mlliod  in 
unbroken  pfajJunx.  Th«  Hf#  of  their 
orgmsuEBtiofis  ia  gpi>e.  The  ige  preseata 
Btw  beaea.  in  eoaiptHtoii  witfi  whieh 
tb»  old  stilbboMb  Me  into  itmg- 
ndfioBiioe ;  luifl^  under  Titir  banners,  with 
ntm  d«Tsec^  the  jeoniaiiry  of  the  eoun- 
tiy  irt  ralljrictff*  '  W#  hive  arnred  at  a 
ctind-^lot  ia  hltfeovx  iHwii  it  hehoar«s 
«rwT  patri0t  niaii  to  paoae  and  refleot 
The  liviotf  preietsl  Impoeoi  the  weightiMt 
reapoamUitiea;  tlie  paft  is  teenking  with 
itivtrttotlon^  and  the  fottire  ia  ridliiit 
wtth  h^pa.  Hiree-quartera  of  a  oaotury 
boBDd  UM  borisoii  ef  the  former  httt 
til*  plerelilg  eje  of  fkith  aeeks^  in  vaiii,  a 
Umit  iq  the  ]tm§  vista  of  the  Un#r.  Yet, 
to  the  more  deipoodipft  there  are  shadee 
and  ehadowi  ahead.  Meridian  light 
60m  Wti  ill  n  mine  orerf  footprint  of 
the  ftitai^,  Amertea^  however^  expects 
mvry  man  to  do  hie  daty ;  and  if  we  are 
hut  trtte  to  the  Musred  trust  He  has 
dyvulved  QpoD  tsi|  onr  eoafldenee  ia 
•ln»g  tbatt  Id  Hie  own  good  tftne  the 
Mitt  of  mr  fithere*  Gofl  will  move 
above  the  trouy«iS  watern  with  cr^ailre 
power^  evolvinj?  light  ^m  dmriciieM. 

The  old  poiitini]  partieB  of  mtr  001111^ 
are  Jtwt  now  Umrotii^hly  iBscjriiraniiod. 
The  ntsoeenty  for  new  ia^neei,  and  a  re* 
«mti|»iik«iii  (>r  the  elemenlft  of  warCire« 
la  lamtftet  to  tht*  moat  ra«aa1  ohii«rver« 
fiaiea^  Ibe  n^d  proffer  of  a  iecnt 
aarfny  wbloli  bm  raeeotlf  n^ade  iu 
ipftaaran^e  mmxmf  Ǥ,  ami  fiir  which  Im 
mora  aan^ine  fmndii  anilrlnotiv  at  no 
4iilBBt  dav,  a  oontraUinc  inflttepoe  ia 
the  eonnteU  of  the  OonMeno/.  Bo  £ir 
ae  we  can  p^th.^f  It*  tit4^K  the  oiit^fila- 
tkrn  Tfwu  Ti'  '"ral 

pctliey.     Til-  itn- 


of 

T*KV  ifini 
telk  it     V. 
mu.  fT* — ii 


hti 

■  i^   li*  be 

ih»9m^  we 
or  Botf  t^t 


oriudtatioti,  wa  are  MlMed.  will  Ik* 
ephemeral  In  eiifiteooe^  «id  abortlre  In 
revolt  We  rendily  mluut  th«  eioceaive 
prOTOC-atlou  which  ui]ireiat<»  tlitsir  efibrle. 
The  indecent  and  habitual  intru»ion  of 
poptry^  a§  a  pciHtioal  element,  into  all  oar 
elecUons  of  late  yeart^  natitrally  aufBaaU 
the  proAcHption  of  itm  adhefeota  aid 
syrj.  '    ■      ''         "  V?  truok- 

luu'  Uq  pre- 

jQ<iiLV4  01  tjiir  uiRTj  |Mi^[MjitiL]jMTi^  iiidioatiCA 
the  prQpri<>ty  of  a  €citmu>rpoi&e  el^maat 
At  the  poUa,  The  Rnow-Nothinffa  have 
already  aMrotsed  a  ealutary  inineoae. 
to  9mm  eiteot,  in  -!i^v*.L.i>tiu*  iLh  L^mi* 
ina  Amarietn  ae^  k^ 

— «tentiniaot  wL]  jui 

pradieQtiil  oouBtdenitioti^,  iiave  caocur^ 
red  In  snppreealnp .  W  r.'  n*  t  h  oy  oonteu  t  ii> 
matntJun  a  aeaondii  ri,  thU  iniitt- 

enee  might  be  exti- ;  . .  ^ir^P^tuated , 

bttt,  In  aapiring  to  ilmi  coti  lt ol  of  the  State 
and  FeileralGovernmeDU,  t^>«y  Mtal  their 
early  ruin.  W©  tlo  not  make  leeua  wltli 
them  upon  the  propriety  of  their  pro* 
poead  ohttQ^  in  the  nattiralt£atiosi  lawt. 
But  that  will  not  tne^ce  to  aaoompliah 
the  end  tbej  have  In  '^  -^  Many  of 
the  Statoe  confer  the  t  unehiia 

upon  rtRidcnt  alienii  pri  ir  n«tn- 

raJliatioo.    That  tnajr  <  t  be  a 

violatioti  of  the  Ooii  min  u  i  da*rly 

tndieatai  that  inwioe  of  i^J  the 

SUteOovamhi  ndl^^ihitioneaa' 

gented^  Is  t9Heau*l  10  Ita  auceeee.  We 
preaainei^  the  moil  taofaine  Know- 
NoUiioge  dare  not  Itope  &ir  000  tern  jm^- 
raiieoQf  naeoovi  in  eaoh  of  the  thirty -ittu* 
Ht»toft  of  the  OonMefar       "'  4I 

atrengih  in  Jtlr«*dy,  w-  :v 

overMBalitiiaaedf  an^^  s. 

are  aatiafted»  ii  mi 

The  fcpell  of  tnynk . ,>  -^,...  1 

prot^c^Unjpi  are  Invested  i^ 

t4itnporary  eflbct.    Ourioftity    ..:Lt 

diwo  aamnff  tbam  man^  whoee  rtaMKi 
they  mtii}d  In  vain  addivie.  Bo  tooft, 
Im>\v  r^nn  of  novelty  ia  dk* 

ntpi  I  t^  niiinerotia  deasf* 

tloifci  fyiHu  ilim^  ranks;  «nd  fo  tlitri* 
ahcHiId  lev  aa  long  as  their  eeorasy  U 
maintained.  The  i>bir&oQe  knprapnal^ 
of  ieeret  pcilitieal  eodeCkt  ii  a  bftf4lll 
onder  which  no  pdnalpla  of  ptkSh 
fOXity,  fiowevcr  wt«e,  Oio  ftigfir  iolo 


634 


"  Our  Parties  and  Politics.'* 


pec. 


(success.  The  disorganizatiun  of  the 
party  may  be  anticipated  at  no  very  dis- 
tant day,  and  with  the  disorganization 
-will  come  a  recoil  disastrous  to  its  up- 
holders now.  Popery  will  gloat  over 
the  abortion  as  her  triumph.  The 
foreign  yote  will  be  ten  times  as  exact- 
ing as  it  has  ever  been;  and  Kjiow- 
Nothingism  will  see  the  evils  she  pro- 
fesses it  her  mission  to  remedy,  enhanced 
and  perpetuated  by  herself. 

The  present  aspect  of  the  slavery  agi- 
tation seems  to  present  a  much  more 
probable  basis  for  permanent  party  strife. 
The  elements  of  anti-slavery  appear  in- 
clined to  harmonize  their  differences, 
and  concentrate  their  strength  for  one 
grand  and  persevering  assault  upon  the 
Tested  rights  of  the  South.  With  the 
instinct  of  self-preservation,  her  sons  are 
preparing  to  ignore  past  differences,  and 
unite  for  the  conflict.  With  a  front  un- 
broken, save  here  and  there  by  a  single 
traitor,  they  await  the  shoclc.  Come 
when  it  may,  or  how  it  may,  the  South 
is  practically  a  unit  at  last. 

The  institution  of  African  slavery  ex- 
isted in  nearly  all  of  the  States  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Con- 
stitution. It  was  even  then  so  thoroughly 
interwoven  with  their  domestic  polity, 
that  the  entire  and  absolute  control  over 
the  subject  was  reserved  to  themselves. 
We  need  not  say  tliat  all  the  powers  of 
the  Federal  Government  are  derived  by 
grant  from  the  States,  and  that  the  en- 
tire grant  is  contained  in  the  provisions 
of  the  Federal  Constitution.  In  that  in- 
strument we  look  in  vain  for  any  grant 
or  any  covenant  divesting  the  individual 
States  of  their  inherent  rights  to  regu- 
late the  whole  subject  as  in  their  wis- 
dom may  seem  most  expedient.  But 
three  clauses  refer  to  the  subject.  One 
was  a  compromise  in  the  apportionment 
of  representation  between  the  Slave 
States  and  tlie  Free  States ;  another  con- 
tains the  explicit  and  solemn  covenant 
for  the  return  of  fugitive  slaves ;  and  the 
third  empowers  the  Federal  Grovernment, 
after  1808,  to  prohibit  the  African  slave 
trade.  Contemporary  history,  in  confir- 
mation of  the  pregnant  negative  of  the 
grant,  informs  us  that  more  extensive 
powers  were  carefully  and  cautiously 
avoided. 

The  inquiry  may  well  suggest  itself 
here — ^how,  under  these  circumstances, 
the  question  ever  intruded  into  the 
arena  of  IMeral  politics  ?  Certainly  the 
South  never  bronglit  it  there;  and  no 
less  certainly  its  introduction  indicates 


bad  futh  somewhere.  But  of  this  more 
anon.  There  it  is:  to  that  extent  the 
aggression  is  complete. 

Early  in  their  colonial  history,  slavery 
was  introduced  into  the  colonies.    The 
mother    country — that    same    England 
which  so  recently  received  the  authoress 
of  "  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin"  with  open  arms 
—encouraged  the  importation  of  slaves 
fK>m  Africa,  and  in  spite  of  the  protests 
and  remonstrances  of  the  colonies  fasten- 
ed the  system  upon  them.    In  Virsinia, 
and  perhaps  in  other  colonies,  the  legis- 
latures essayed  to  prohibit  the  traffic ;  bat 
in  every  instance  the  negative  of  the 
"ROysX  Governor  interposed  to  proteet 
it.    The  preamble  to  tlie  first  Constitu- 
tion of  Virginia  enumerates  tliis  among 
other  prominent   causes   of  complaint 
against  the  King  of  England — ^provoking 
her  repudiation  of  his  rule.     When  the 
independence  of  the  colonies  was  estab- 
lished, the  prohibition  of  the  Afrioan 
slave  trade  was  still  with  her  a  fitvorite 
measure  of  policy, — and,  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Federal  Constitution,  she  de- 
sired to  empower  and  require  the  new 
government  to  plaoe  the  traffic  under 
the  ban  of  law.    But  to  this  Massachu- 
setts and  New  York  demurred.    With 
the  exclusion  of  European  competition 
they  reckoned  upon  a  monopoly  of  the 
profits  of  the  trade,  and  earnestly  oppos- 
ed its  suppression.  With  the  aid  of  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia,  they  extorted  a 
respite  for  twenty  years.    The  predomi- 
nant sentiment  of  Uie  Slave  States  called 
for  the  immediate  abolition  of  the  traf- 
fic, and  that  sentiment  ought  to  have 
been  respected.    Even  then,  however, 
the  South  was  not  permitted  to  regulate 
her  domestic  institutions  for  herself.  For 
nearly  one  quarter  of  a  oentury  she  was 
forced  to  receive  into  her  bosom  a  popu- 
lation she  then  believed  an  enemy  to  her 
peace,  and  an  impediment  to  her  pro- 
sperity.   New  England  avarice  fastMied 
upon  her  that  institution,  for  the  exist- 
ence of  which  New  England  fanaticbm 
now  makes  war  against  her.    Abolition 
never  grew  upon  New  England  9fAi  till 
the  year  that  doomed  her  favorite  traffic 
had  passed :  but,  in  a  few  fleeting  years 
thereafter,  it  was  a  tree  of  sturdy  growth. 
The  slave  trade  was  suppressed  in  1808. 
In  1814,  the  Hartford  Convention  de- 
nounced the  slave  power  of  the  South, 
and  suggested  a  crusade  against  the  com- 
promises <if  the  Constitution. 

We  readily  admit  that  tiie  general 
sentiment  of  the  colonies,  during  the 
revolntionary  era,  was  idf«ne  to  lift- 


10S4.1 


d  JcwiJWnitrV  Vtm  tf  thi  8u^^ 


I 


VQff ;  §M  aowhMi»  did  Ui&l  Mntitnent 
fifttvdl   mofe  ciUsnsirely  thiin   In  the 

liouth.  With  UiMt  devinioa  to  fth^tnurt 
pnDciple  whioU  Iim  ever  ch&ra43t«ri£e4 
h€f,  Vifpidia,  in  ditnating  ilq  empire  to 
the  Ct>at<wlcrflcy,  GXactei]  a  oovenant  for 
th(?  pisrjwttml  iMclufijoti  of  her  own  t  tvit^ 
lutiurifk  Ail  ]riit»n^»!»iati  ftima«t  uuivisr* 
hAlly  «TtMt4Nl  Um^i.  «,]wvery  wat  to  be  but 
!*iii[K>rjify  in  U»  diirtttii>n»  The  alave 
BlmUm  eheerfully  !i!^i*oi»tod  to  the  iinii- 
•l»Fery  j^myUioEia  of  tlie  ordiriitijee  of 
llbT,  Tii<!iir  ]*i*Wy  wjw  thi^  iruni^iiiHie 
prolilbltioci  of  tJie  tbreii^  tr^iilc^  nod  Lhe 
aftOibef  nf  ekve!»  ftuioug  thinu  waA  tiot 
mor«  thwi  tolficient  u>  ^umrly  thdr  oavm 
MMfllf  deniftfidA.  Urn  imptinntion 
from  ftbroul  lljeii  tSM^d,  Abolttiott  might 
btve  bt^ti  jirnotioAble  nnd  iviHy,  jiiit 
tfiAl  turetity  ytftri  of  r«Mpii4»  diil  \l»  work 
tiVetiiilly,  Da?  Uy  day  and  hour  by 
bo«r  the   i*  v   8tiit4»m<!ii  of  tby 

Hoath  saw  .   '4  i\^A}\     Tim  de^ 

tiuy  of  tli«  ^iiuui  >^  44  lii»ii  ifi&inNt  her 
wiO*  Slatiif  StAi«v  who  hid  rtjmdbUeil 
slir^ry  ah  mi  inGiibnn  nfKitt  tliciti^  and 
{trofviyMid  bo  rejui&rd  iiUvc^holiling  an  n 
V  j.  j..r,,...  .tf  ij,^  M  p^feJl,J^,^  |;ri««i|ile«  of 
«  Ti^l  their  profeewloDa^  ftud  for 

li  .  c  3  ftiikc,  impoiied  ilaTiiry  upon 
her,  poqiitnitifig  fticioni,'  ber  [wopk  tlie 
^'  fiin  "  of  the  ikveholdi*r  ftrn]  tiio  *'  uih- 
tunmii^ "  of  the  Klave. 

AbohtionMo  rlaimn  to  he  the  party  of 
ptrofnaAB,  So  did  JiM!!obinL!ftii,  aocI  wtili 
equ^  |iro|»riety.  I1it^  one*  lut  llttk  jih 
ttui  otiidf  ci>ncN^U  tho  frator*"*  af  tho 
AM  titidcr  tfju  akin  of  Lho  hoii.  iitibm* 
pierro   Btid  Saiiit  Jtt-^  h  Imid   In 

tb«ilr  proKi«t«tbE»ol  rhe  pr4n- 

cipUn  of  ^74  a«  Gftrri^'ii  au^  8uttii)«r; 
Mill,  if  ool  A»  boo«4^  wer^  <)ulie  m 
mtkinftl    The  Am**r!- in   i-+.'ii^,u.i.  nfQ 

H!i*od  and  airnago,  fr  ',  and 

civil  war  iro  t»  rasidy  courted  Di»w  ^n 
In  17aa.  They  ddTer  in  l|d*  niutjic*'t, 
boweyeri  tho  tnadmen  of  F^ani^e  orok^ 
tKl  A  itomi  to  apvnd  it«  fury  In  tht^ir 
own  loidat.  The  fanatic^  of  Arnt^rira 
^^■^^f  t}m  tmml  of  *trifo  ahraad,  and  ifl*>at 


rniOiJ   iUid    Um 


of  itj  fail  are.  The  prinUng-proa*,  Trltb 
wbi@h  Voltaire  dij«gT»od  to  overthrow 
the  Liiblet  ib  now  publl^lnng  ltd  wordfl  of 
life  and  irnth  to  a  world  of  nin  and  d<^ath« 
Man  may  not  with  impnaiiv  thrnit  him' 
Msif  against  the  hosma  of  JeljoTah^i 
bookJer  Anti-slavciry  directly  irnpngoa 
either  lh<>  wrMlotn  or  bene^'«'»Ience  of  omr 
8a?ioar,  for  it*  int^rpalation*  into  the 
inspmnl  cod«  of  morals  preaiiTne  the 
hu*t!i<!i ^ucy  f»f  hts  morality  to  a<^conipWlh 
the  fertd  for  which  it  waa  designed* 
Ahi>Htion  |>rc«rher!*  of  onr  day  iirofeff! 
to  believe  thL*ni*t4ves  recreant  to  duty,  if 
they  fait  tu  dewourj*.^  tdavery  at  a  dis- 
tance. The  Son  of  Ood  lived  and  mnTed 
in  a  slftveholdtng  oonntry  and  a  sla^^- 
hoiJtng  iign^  and  from  hh  luicfcd  ]\\m 
fljav^ry  never  rec<»tved  a  shij^le  robnke. 
If  they  lie  rigbt,  eonld  he  have  boon  the 
Uod-man?  Sotiie  ^hciri  ttrno  ilnee^  a 
ft'ieiiil  wns  di>4erir<^ing  tbe  Maine  liqtior 
law  with  an  ultra  temp^ranre  man,  and 
in  thooonrse  of^^onversation  he  adverted 
to  I  he  mireieio  at  the  uiirHa^  in  Oana 
of  Galilee,  Tlio  prompt  reply  wa*r,  *'  1 
hare  alwajft  rej^rded  that  tho  £rrp«te»t 
iiir]k,  i>M,,n  .L-n.  ^.Y^r  rotomittcd  ^*  The 
ab  riy  of  tho  exprc%<*Ion  m 

a  '   ^  'lieaf  prinuTple  of  ovore 

than  on(?  wm  nt  l)w  day.  It  h  tho  ?ft^!i 
o^ort  of  human  pride  to  amend  tho  work 
of  divine  wijuiom*  The  ppcrturl^*  of 
fix>li4h  man  tbus  pa*^rrjj  Judgment  upon 
hi«  Oo<i^  and  pr  -  him  incom* 

petent   ftw  the   ^  Ternt   of  hid 

h"i  ->'ri^   arsU    n  ^'       <    far 

hr  :    whun  pr  ^d, 

y<!  r  ■   ,v'i[ry 

a  ;  :'  A  ;:     ^ , ,.].  the 

i.«Hig    lu 

Wo  do 
ly  to  iJl 

■•'  be»t  of  oar 
H',  liave  bean 
'  >  Ttn^tf  riJik»  by  natnef  and 
1  '  iH,  HlaTery,  a'*  H  eiiifti  in  lho 
txHUh^  i^  iii*t  known  to  a  fnaetion  of  tlie 
jt*^"ple  of  the  North,  llwoprw»ented 
and  (lEpitnrtvd  m  it  haa  been,  we  luiv«i| 
pr>rhiijw,  r^aftiin  for  ooaitri^tulatloD  In 
nlfAi  amoog  them 
*K    We  ipMk  now 

ni    rnr  ■    :f  ft*   pTQtmKm, 

It  b  ii  t    from  that 

— ^-  -  - '  <  ^^^  i '  <  c .  >  thai  MMmei 

it<M  «if  lhe0odli«»d  by 

?he 

>le. 

tintia  an 

^rohi  of 


636 


""  Our  PartUi  and  PqIIUcm}'' 


[Urn,. 


SocinianiMn  do  limit  inaster'a  work  m 
eibctiially,  if  not  ae  ofienly^  ia  prvucblli^ 
ftbolitinaifitu,  fts  thej  do  in  pre&c^hiog 
Uuitariiiwem.  But  ita  Intruision  into 
the  Clxrigtiau  pulpit  ta  a  v-ery  ditfer^nt 
ftlfaJr,  AboJitkjn  has  nothing  in  eon- 
si.>DXLnoG  with  it^  high  &nd  holy  mWon. 
The  nnwarj  watcher  on  tha  waH*  of 
Zkm  who  tanip«ri  with  the  monater  ia 
fftoreaot  to  hi«  tfuit^  and  ivJis^  to  hk 
Ifaater.  If,  m  «  CbHstiaii,  iiis  heart 
rwcoU  not  from  the  serpent;  if,  n^  a 
citiziSOi  the  possible  oolarnities  of  dis- 
QjuiQQ  mod  civil  war  htivo  do  terrors  for 
him,  let  him,  in  bia  individual  capacity, 
ipeed  on  ih©  h^Hbh  work;  but,  in  the 
QaiD«  of  a  comtDon  Christianity  and  a 
twimmon  manhood,  w^  havo  a  right  to 
demand  that  he  profana  not  the  Chrii- 
tian  pulpit.  In  tfje  unoom promising 
ix»ttaecr-atik>n  of  the  Bncred  i^es^k  ti»  tU 
heaven -ordained  work  is  llie  liopo  of  a 
lust  and  ruined  world,  Wh^n  tlia  pas- 
sions of  earth  iotrnd**  tliere^  society  trem- 
hlc3  to  its  oenlra,  and  deviU  revel  at  tJie 
prospect.  Hell  will  hold  a  earnival 
wbeu  the  gieniiia  of  aholinon  furls  her 
winga  in  Lrinmph  over  the  ^'^  broken  and 
disaevered  fragments  of  a  once  glorious 
Union;"  but  if,  amid  her  dark  abode?^ 
some  oiesseoger  from  thi^  world  could 
proolaim  the  universal  proaUtution  of 
Tho  puljut,  the  walls  of  Topliet  would 
ring  with  evem  a  wilder  joy* 

Had  the  Stales  never  formed  a  Cou» 
federiOj,  ihb  abolition  war  could  never 
have  assumed  a  Uireatening  a^ipect.  Tha 
North  would  not  have  verytured  to  on- 
oourage  an  ablation,  the  inesi  table  effect 
of  which  would  hnvy  bt^en  a^ntinual  war 
with  her  neighbors.  But  protected,  as  she 
haa  been,  by  the  e^at«noe  of  a  bund  of 
appare»ntly  permanent  union,  a  fanatical 
I '.r  us  ride  against  ua  has  been  iu  open  and 
shameless  contempt  of  the  covi^nant  fos- 
tered and  encouraged.  It  origin  a  tjed  in 
no  morbid  ftfiection  for  the  slave.  In  ils 
beginning^  as  it  k  now  lu  its  meridian,  it 
was  purely  and  esclusively  a  question  of 
i  '  '  > wer,  The  war  of  1  SI  2  liad  been 
mdor  the  auspices  of  a  Southern 
;  ,v-.iM,.ijL,  and  with  the  cordial  co-ope- 
ration of  the  Southern  mcimljers  of  Con- 
^re^a.  New  Eogland  bitterly  oj^posed 
the  war;  and  upon  that  rjue^tion  the 
it^uderi  of  the  old  Federal  party,  then  in 
a  stAte  of  decadenoet  hop^  to  rally  once 
more  a  sucoa«Mful  party.  Many  of  the 
then  prominent  expeotaBts  of  the  Presi- 
dan  ay  were  Southern  men,  Tha  Demo- 
cratic party  were  tn  fH>wer,  and  its  policy 
atid  ulUlintions  w^^re  mainJy  Southern  j 


hence  the  Federal  poliny  of  arousing  a  j 
sectionnl  feeliiig^a  policy  wMch  lifat  1 
found  open  expr*xss ion  in  the  treasoDabk-^ 
resolves  of  tJie  llartfuril  OonveDti<m*i 
The  suggestion  tbi^i'c  was  to  amend  tliii ] 
Federal  Coudtitution,  m  m  ti>  deprive  tba^ 
South  of  the  repreiientation  of  lhr€«*i 
Ml\w  of  her  alaves.  But  the  managenj 
of  the  Ilartlord  ch^'h^  jiikr.^NL:  tii*.ir* 
strength  and  over-^: 
stench  of  treason  at t.- 1 
d^liberatioiis,  and  sank  every  panicipansj 
in  them  to  *'a  pulitical  damn ivt ion 
deop  that  the  hand  of  resir  ;t% 

did  reach  them."     Their-     . 
obviously  impracticable,  mo^omoli  as  it] 
could  only  t^e  accomplished  by  the  aid 
of  several  of  the  slave  States.     It 
enough,  however,  to  indicate  the  i^tker^ 
ing  of  the  storm,  wlikh  in  a  few  y«ar 
burst  witli  all  its  fury  Ufxjn  a  peacefui 
and  happy  people.    Missouri  waii  ahonl 
completing  lier  territorial  pupilag©, 
asked  peiTuission   to  form  a  State  con^ 
^titution   preparatory  to  her  adimsaioilr] 
into  the  ITuion.     Aa  a  comt)ouent  parfe 
of   the  territory  of  Louisiana^  it  i 
slave  territory  when  we   uoquired    it,  { 
and  go  it  had  oontinued,     lit*r  applica- 
tion wai  objected  to,  unless  she  would*^ 
assetit  to  repudiate  her  Suuthtirn  iEkititti- 
tiona  and  abolisih  shivery,  nA  a  prehiui-  i 
nary  to  her  aduii^sioQ*      Tha  pa»3toni.J 
and   prejudices   of   the    people   of   ilia  , 
North  were  roused  by  the  most  intJaui'* 
matory  and  insidious  appeals,  untd  thi»  J 
whole  body  of  the  Northern  rt^proEieni-J 
all  on  in  Cvtngres^  ranged  themselves  in 
solid  phalanx.      The   principle  as: 
WM  ri;oE4t  odious  to  the  Botitb,  and 
war  with  the  whole  spirit  of  the  Con* 
j^ututjon.     In  vain  did  she  demand  tlie 
warrant  for  prescribing  terma  to  the  \tk*u 
cipient  Statc%  and  especially  for  stigitui* 
tizin^  her  atid  hers  by  e^aoting  m  the 
condttion  of  admiBsion  tlie  f^pudiat'ton 
of   an  institution  interwoven  into   her 
social  iwlity.    The  Federal  Governmo 
U  the  creature  of  tlie  Statoa,    Alk  her| 
powers  are   derived  by  y 
and  are  limited  in  their  cl 
Oonstitution  confers  upon  lm 
right  to  admit  new  States;    t 
admitted,  they  stand  upon  a  i 
perfect  equality  wit  I;  the  oriu 
teen-   Theoretically,  Ohio  mu\  Iv 
Oalifornia  and  Floiidn  ar^    i-  ;. 
creators  of  th  e  General  Q  *  ► ,  j  [  i 
Virgiuia  or  New  York.      I'u 
principle  of  the  Ooiuititnti  n  i 
aod   absolute   equality  ata  in/ 
Stfttea,     If  Qotigrees  can  iiu|H. 


i0a4.] 


-4  &^ulhintrr*M  Fifw  0/  th^'SuhJect 


es7 


iIm  eqaaUtY  af  rtp 


Umci  tver^  new  BIaIa  imy  oome  in  tipon 

piidi«te  Usi»  or  that  ooiuitnietkii  of  oou- 
tTOTertvd  olftuiMM  of  tlie  Otinntltuliori. 
To-4ji7  the  tnaj  loapQ6€  idAvery  aixm  one, 
and  tc^^itiorrow  alit!  rtm'i  Jeuiiirw]  lU  nbolU 
Ui>u  in  aiii>ih«r>  -^dt^ 

ot  tilt  ttzpr^M  (tr  ^titu- 

lino  to  t}|»  dEnoftiiuu  ul  iAittgrHnb  Itie 
tJQiii^tttatiini  doQt  not  |)roffM«  ta  define 
ttm  {M^wem   uf  Uio  State;    m   BXprtm 

I U  pfuvide^  tluii,  *^  Uitt  piWL'r^  not 
to  \Jbt^  iuih«d  8tat4w  bv  ]imK 

|»Mltllh'^  hj  it  to  Llie  Sriite9,  &n3 

lit."     Tb«  *i  ^'tiy, 

•.■i[»ic 

»— «j»y  bti  prt*h"'       -  ^ 
to  lim    liCW  Suitii, 

11  rvpul4tcjio  ikitui  id  fgiMifiomamui^  Uui 
it  b  A  funri  outy,  whan  Iti  i»Mltiiti»nK 
uml  i4w»  ar«  intidtUad  to  aaoamioodate 
tl»«  will  of  uUioni  Uian  tiia  fordfUttd. 
W^K'r«  ii  tiiv  i;miit  nf  |M»wer  meeKafy 
U>  etiXur€4?  tiu:}  ubasrvaiMSi  of  ilia  tersni? 
ioppoit  A  l^tftia  adatltiad  Ikk  jf^air  1 , 

A  now  etfrr-r^'-  -  ^rr-     r-r  imd 

gftiiraaoKf'  t.. .  ,,  ,,^,      ,,^,,^, ,    y^p 

UM  OtiittrA !  ^.<  I  »t  n  I N 1 1  i%h  tlav#r jr 

io  hflf  litniL  -  s  uf  what  ivail  waa 
Iha  eri^nal  r«»Lru3tiiiu.  Hiir«l}r,  it  lliat 
«!•  ooDatiimitJiial,  tJia  friman  uf  Utat 
Imrtmaainl  wodd  har«  i^mtidad  mmo 
mrnum  to  oftiroa  tba  ofaaonranoa  of  bar 
faith  br  Uia  eorenani^braakiDg  Stela. 

A  bill  wm  odgiiiatad  to  th»  Bocuia  of 
H»pf49i«iitat|tai)  autborixliig  tti^  |»«»(>f»lv 
of  Mtawsri  to  mm  a  ootiatitatioa  and 
^tata  govanxioafit,  and  aHmr  tlta  insor- 
tkaa  of  a  {iriitiftitm  ahgliahiqf  ikvery, 
fMiiad  farj  tba  Eooit  ialail  iba  ttiMal- 
tnocw  Yota  of  iba  floroiafii  wpwaanla 
tlvaa.  In  tita  #tMta^  inioii  notioii  of 
Ut,  Thomaa,  of  WMb^  ilw  fifuliltdiSoii 
olaniM  waa  atftokni  ^l«  and  m  tlao  iif  It 
wa*  lEiaartadtlMif^oalladMiMiirinian* 
proniiaa^  wtiloli  waa  nolhlof  mWi  n«r 
Mat,  tlian  a  mhitrii^on  of  4airarj  for  aA 
fntnra  tiaa  in  t^  tarrtlorj  ontaiila  of 
tho  Itmtii  c^  MlMort  aad  north  of  bar 
iiotitliarti  bonadMrjr,  aeoonipanM  vllh  a 

nkfkkNi  Ibr  hm  adaaMon  on  an  aqual 

tdtli  Iba  ofii^nal  t^talav  in  all 

Aa  an  ilMmilft 


II: 


propoaitli^kn  to  tLe  otb^r,  the  Sontharu 
tnen^gtnemt"  -  ■■.  '-^        =   . -,    ,^|jg 

profiiMd  h\  the 

aid  of  a  Ibw  1  ^n  ^ho 

nurUif  paMod  it  1 '  of 

CTaugre^    Tber»  n- 

iidafalil^  disoiui  i  i  ty 

of  tliia  mctanure,  n  ^tV 

«f  its  a^lc>jiti(»n  h{i«  boon 
piit«d  til  tlju  N^mh  ar  tlio  S  Ik: 

tnited  Um  t«ii)|>orarT  pvtr|t<itfeii  oi  fciic 
writar  or  ^leiiker.  It  i*  not,  hrtwe*^, 
wa  think,  a  t^nhJiH^t  far  ditH^r^iice.  Tti« 
North  ctorlainly  ht>prtA*»fl  n^n  the 
South  the  ii>  :  as 

cH*rt&rnly   h  in 

prefortooa  u>  tnc  pmrni>in<jii  n*»  do 
not  mwMm'  thi«,  howavtir,  a  matter  of 
rita]  OHmiiot  at  thk  data,  *'  =  -  ur 
JiidgKiint,apialmand  pal]  [n^ 

tion  of  p«W«r,  and  wtrt^...  in 

tk>uth  over  did  iWKved^  to  H.  T\\'  u  .^  . 
ririiitv  lim^s  t<j  liJ<Wt  iht^  '.L'_  ^  --■ 
-iiooeMfbUy  *^lh6wh^r'\  »^  1  *< 
.  bayonet  and  t.h<^  tjiti.Li-  -' 
E<**iliite  and  nnyiL-ldirji; 
thi'ii  would  U1IV0  atJ-aiifftod 
tha  toxin iT«r  in  iU  rrwlk\  In  pnn*imud» 
of  the  ju;t  of  CongrcMs  the  people  inet, 
adoptad  a  Oonatituijirfi,  atid  organtieod  a 
State  fovM^njnant.  Wht^n  Oongrtm  r^ 
ibli  ■   ^     ^  j[jtly  paased  a 

iti  ri  a  member 

of    tho     \  ilMH'Mi'ntfV,        i\'.      *'  ''  '^'^^ 

how9T»r«  U  cmconntVrrtrl  in  1  nt 

oppfidtioa.     7 dm  conjf>ri>nil  rhe 

yuar  prt^vlona   waa  ii[K'n1>  ^d^ 

and  MiMoarl  r»fu«MHl  thfi   ^^  it* 

whi«b  the  public  faitlj  wa«  f 
KxMptioQ  wan  taken  I0  n  r ' 
bar  Oonatttntloii,  em(K>wfr 

t4i  prohibit  thr  rmi^' 

ari'!  .  ,  n. 

Inti»  A 

pfOTbiiJii  tfAHtvil   Uji'ti   in  Maa- 
and  at   thiii  day  in  Indiana 
anJ  ntinoiA*      The  tma  otjoetton  wtti 
alidtad  npoQ  a  firopoaitififi  nf  Mr.  MaK 
locy^  of  vtraon%  lo  nt      '  -^     r«§cdn» 
don,  fay  Inaartinir,  a»  >Ary  to 

bar  adinlrrtf^'*    -^  ^-  ^n  Mia- 

annri  ii-i  al be r  ^  abolMt 

alavary.     (J|k..  ....  ,  .  ^yai  and 

ooia^  it  ftpraaantjmvr  .^  Horth 

mMA  ayat,  and  bat  $  >  •  formar 

oMBfiroaiiaa  waa  rapniliatwt  by  tlba 
Uimm^  and  n««  efmrowt^na  wara  4a^ 
mandad.    Tfion  t  Mr.  Olar,  a 

loiet  ooounittM  '  '">  f'art  c/ihe 

llifnaa,  and  7  <m  '  tha  SaaMf* 

w^  app(»intad  t^  tha  anlfaot 

Thtff  fifNMtad  a  r«*^»iatjof)  pnyH#Bf  ^ 


688 


"  Our  Partm  and  PoiiHciP 


[Dec. 


the  admission  of  Musouri  upon  a  funda- 
mental condition,  viz.:  that  the  clanse 
in  }ier  Ck)natitution  relative  to  free  col- 
ored emigration  into  the  8tate  should 
never  he  construed  to  authorize  the 
passage  of  an  act  by  which  any  citizen 
of  either  of  the  United  States  should  be 
excluded  from  the  enjoyment  of  the  pri- 
vileges to  which  he  was  entitled  under 
the  Federal  Constitution.  To  this  fhn- 
daraental  condition  Missouri  was  re- 
quired to  declare  her  assent  by  an  act, 
in  the  nature  of  a  solemn  compact  with 
the  United  States,  and  upon  the  receipt 
of  an  auUienticated  copy  of  such  act,  the 
I^esident  was  authorized  to  issue  a  pro- 
clamation declaring  her  a  State.  The 
proposition  of  the  joint  committee  passed 
both  houses,  and  Missouri,  having  com- 
plied with  the  requbition,  Mr.  Monroe 
issued  his  proclamation  August  10, 
1821.  Thus  Missouri  was  really  ad- 
mitted upon  tlie  compromise  proposed 
by  the  committee.  It  is  true  tliat  the 
new  requisition  amounted  to  no  more 
than  a  declaration  of  fidelity  to  the  Oon- 
atitution.  But  that  matters  not.  It 
was  imposed  upon  her  as  a  condition  of 
her  admission  into  the  Union,  and  was 
in  flagrant  violation  of  the  pledge  of  the 
previous  session  to  admit  her  upon  an 
equal  footing  in  all  respects  whatsoever 
with  the  original  States.  This  was  the 
first  violation  of  the  86°  80'  compromise, 
and  especially  heinous,  as  withholding 
the  consideration  of  the  contract. 

This  exciting  question  being  thus  dis- 
posed of  at  length,  the  public  mind 
settled  down  into  quiet  acquiescence. 
Abolition  sank  into  obscurity — ^we  had 
nearly  said  contempt ;  but  it  was  only 
slumbering.  An  unfortunate  discussion 
of  the  subject  in  the  Virginia  legislature 
in  the  winter  of  1881-2,  consequent  upon 
an  insurrection  of  slaves  in  the  county 
of  Southampton,  in  the  progress  of 
which,  65  whites,  of  all  ages,  sexes,  and 
conditions,  were  brutally  massacred,  in- 
ftised  new  life  into  the  abolitionists,  and 
renewed  the  agitation.  It  may  be  well 
imagined  that  the  Southampton  affair 
awasened  the  most  intense  feeling 
throughout  the  limits  of  Virginia;  and  in 
the  legislative  session  of  the  ensuing  win- 
ter many  of  the  calmest  and  ablest  of  her 
citizens  were  open  and  avowed  advo- 
cates of  prospective  emancipation.  Pro- 
positions to  that  effect  were  discussed 
with  warmth  and  ability.  Appearances 
indicated  the  existence  of  a  large  and 
iBfloential,  if  not  oontrolling  parly 
Arorobie   to   abolition:    and  had  tbe 


limatics  of  the  Nordi  not  interpoaed, 
raocess  might  have  crowned  their  efforts 
in  a  few  years.  Negrophilism  abroad, 
then  protected  Virginia  from  the  over- 
throw of  her  established  institutions. 
Soon  after  this,  began  abolition  organ- 
izations and  anti-filavery  conventions  in 
the  northern  cities.  The  press  was 
forced  into  service  to  misrepresent  and 
distort  our  institutions  and  onr  people. 
Tbe  mails  were  loaded  with  incendiair 
documents.  The  most  fiendish  appeab 
to  the  passions  of  the  slave  were  soo^t 
to  be  distributed  among  us  by  inclosing 
them  to  free  negroes  and  hired  emioa- 
ries  in  our  midst.  Under  cover  of  the 
sanctity  of  private  correspondence,  dia- 
bolical suggestions  for  a  repetition  of 
the  Southampton  outrage  were  secretiy 
pressed  upon  the  contented  slaves  or 
the  South.  The  facilities  of  oomronni- 
cation  afforded  by  a  common  govern- 
ment, established  ^^to  insure  domestic 
tranquillity ;  to  provide  for  the  common 
defence,  and  promote  the  general  wel- 
fare," were  abused  to  assail  the  South  in 
her  Achilles'  heel.  Abolition  Mun- 
chausens  devoted  their  imaginations  and 
their  energies  to  tiie  concoction  and 
extensive  circulation  in  the  North  of 
the  grossest  misrepresentations  of  the 
Southern  people.  A  friend  has  fre- 
quentiy  related  to  us  a  conversation  he 
held,  about  this  time,  with  a  very  intel- 
ligent and  well-informed  gentleman, 
then,  or  very  recently,  the  editor  of  a 
political  press  at  the  seat  of  government 
The  present  state  of  Northern  feeling 
upon  the  slavery  question  wsa  predicted 
at  that  day  with  almost  historic  accu- 
racy. Our  friend  then  entertained  the 
prevalent  impression  of  his  Southern 
brethren  that  the  agitation  waa  confined 
to  a  small  and  contemptible  faction,  and 
combated  the  despondency  of  the  ex- 
editor.  But  his  faith  was  not  a  little 
shaken  when  presented  with  a  specimen 
of  the  literature  with  which  the  agita- 
tors were  then  busily  fiooding  the  coun- 
try. One  of  the  tracts  professed,  in  its  out- 
set, to  dbcard  all  the  exaggerated  stories 
which  were  related  of  Southern  cruelty, 
and  indulged  in  expressions  oi  virtuous 
indignation  against  the  abolitionists  for 
tiie  infliction  of  such  outrage  upon  thor 
brethren  at  the  South.  The  author  pro- 
fessed as  his  design,  the  redtal*  of  simple 
and  unvarnished  facts,  not  of  rare  occor- 
renoe,  but  so  freqnent  and  oommon  that 
no  fiur-minded  Bonthem  man  would  for 
a.  moment  call  in  qnestion  Uurir  tnitk. 
And  after  these  bypooiitioal  ] 


^9  Fw  ^  IS#   S%thJ€cL 


et0 


I 


h6  ^roee^ded  to  r«lal«  tlid  modt  thook* 
iDf  onialliM  mnd  Uio  mci^t  infAtnouD  oQI- 
ftgii  upon  l]i«  unhftppy  hIav^.  oi  th^ 
MoaMar;^  and  mr>rarylnK  inctidenU  of 
Boatbem  life.  The  truthful  nftnniUv«9 
w«r««iiibeMi!ftliot]  With  er)gr«vii)fB  to  elicit 
Iho  attention  •ncl  arouft*  th«  piitloili. 
Upon  on«  pago  WHi  A  Iftrg^  pkto  of  % 
^ttnti&g  teose  Ui  lb#  Bonth  ;  lu  tli«  ^re- 
^rOoad  an  ucubi'tt^eoaA  odk ;  bttxMCli  tl 
m  prottlrste  homai)  body,  iurrouiidtd  hj 
A  msk  of  bungr;  Aiid  wolBsb  dogi, 
wbik  li  ft  diflAiioe  Appenrod  the  bnotor 
fi^inf  off  w&ih  hu  fun  eftr^IuMJy  throwu 
oTBf  hb  ihonyjsr.  The  woeompiiTiying 
HflxrativA  wu  ta  tii«  ctiftcct  ihut  a  ^ntle^ 
ntaji  in  tlie  BouUi,  bmvitig  Wl  a  iJare, 
ooiit«Qted  biuiMilf  wiih  tnfonziliif  w 
ntifbbtjr^  wlio  H»d  a  funcy  foe  negro 
litiiiUhiy^i  and  pUdng  bim  at  libt^rty  lo 
•igoy  wbatevor  a  port  lb©  ebni»*?  of  lh« 

tiTe   rnij^ht  atft^fd.     Ai^iordi  ngly  l^e 

fflibl^l  bb  lioundu  and  AoJlted  tbrtb. 
ttome  timo  be  cUso4>vi*red  th© 
Ikifitivi!  In  tbo  brfluoht^f  of  aiiunk,  wbuD 
lie  deliberately  ley»IM  \m  i^iin  arid 
Itf^     l'ti«t  Nbot  lonk  efferttf  and  a^^  ibe 

mafro  fell,  tiio  bUKid^ bounds  ruiib«d 
i  bim  to  eonipletc  thi?  work  tif  deatli 
flistiikoikio.  Tbe  iIav&*huot«f*ii 
iqmifiilliica  for  tuflfarinf  ban&aoity  did 
feol  iUaw  liliB  to  wttmn  the  tonillacioiif 
mA  h%  MmmAy  wdm  away.  In  another 
|JMay  mider  the  head  of  aneod^lee,  tbe 
luhfir  mf%  tliAt  m  firlaud  of  hb^  reeaiitly 
r#turn€>4l  from  a  Jaont  to  t^to  Boutb,  In- 
f  1  that  wblltf  vbhing  n  friend, 

tk  liiv  of  thtji  family  tvW  dovra 

ami  ktiodc«^otit  all  ber  Kwlb*     A  v^^ry 
baadaoiiaa  melatto  aljiv«!^  bleal  wkb  fin<> 
teetli,   wbo   wa«   ettiployed    i^^ 
hiHiie»   waa  c&lM  in,  and   a 
mmtbitr  of  bera  astraoted  to  >• 
nboi  0f  thaae  toil  by  her  yi 
trwa.    With  it]-*     *  --rM  m  thi."*p  vuv 
patAphlai  waa  1j  Ida,  oar  frivnd 

I  lollmiid,  "Vkm^  .'^.^  ^  aafo|>te  of  tbe 
» ^an  in  ppooeai  of  ilkiami^ 


ilie   rliilflri^n    iitif]    ](Bga  eo- 

I  wjoety. 
reap  the 


Anciibar  phaaia  of  tbe  aboiilioii  agita- 
tioti  waa  preaeat^  tPocMi 
tiiiur  of  dongreaa.  Hot  a 
wKlioEit  the  preaentatloii  of 
mbin  petiiloftf  frnm  aui 
ehildraB  tn  tba  North,  praying  Ounigriaa, 
In  lla  irMom,  to  rejiiraao  c^iir  «rOil^, 
and  overthrow  oar  infdtatiotn.  In 
relarenoe  to  Ihcea  |ieticAonf^  we  are 
tank    to  coniiM  thai  we  i^waye  re* 


gretted  the  policy  of  tbo  St>nth.  Th#re 
wa«  no  wroDg  doud  to  th«  atKiIitlonbt 
in  ru feeing  to  rea«iire  bi*  ptstttion  ;  but 
tb#  udoptvon  of  a  atandlng  rale  of  tb« 
H0a»«  of  H«pr«e#iilitlT««  to  that  a^Ttol^ 
a^orded  bis  aympfttblacn  In  OonferaKi 
the  opportunity  for  ^^ntinnal  ejiriEfttfon, 
and  gn^e  to  bUn  aoniewhni  of  tim  tMlur 
of  martyrdom.  The  2l*t  rule  wo  always 
'  coitJiidered  a  blunder;  but  it  is  mcn^  non- 
aense  to  aasait  tbe  Ho  nth  fur  \%.  Admit 
all  that  niny  b©  iirj^t^d  again  at  it,  ajid  wm 
it  more  Lli&n  a  lioland  for  en  01  r  vi^^r  f  If 
it  did  abridge  eon^ntitutiona!  Hgb!^,  it 
ahHdgcKl  tbos^e  of  none  bc«»jfle«  a  faction 
who  were  trampling  u(»on  hum.  We 
have  n^tther  time  nor  LtteUnatioo  to 
dwiU  H€ir«.  Tho  Soufh  h^j*  nioft 
grierona  oauMe  of  ^'oniplatnt  than  tbe 
reoeption  of  aboUtion  p4*tttit>n«.  The 
ooniinual  airitAtion  of  tbe  £l§t  rolo  In 
tbo  Hoiite  df  H«nraa«iitatlve«  wa*  prao- 
tiodir  more  alfidetit  of  miaobief  againit 
her  mtm  all  tbe  ppthion*  tsvyr  dntTted. 
8o  it  wa«  oonsidfiri^l,  atMi  ho  it  wa^*  da- 
niffnod.  The  anntatom  btit  nn^lcd  a  pfi- 
tctt  t4i  a**ail  the  Siiiitb.  Thero  worn 
jKjlitioal  remfni»ct*nces  over  pre^oot  with 
Home  to  point,  with  tbe  Htt«ni«M  of 
dimppofniod  bono*,  tbe  »brtft*  of  hate 
and  uiulb^f  ana  ibt^t^  wb<^  irea^tir^ 
tbom  niigbt  ffir^uko  a  frii^nd^  but  novor 
forgot  a  foe. 

The  annexation  of  Tt^xas  In  1815,  i** 
Uie  fttariing-jKiitrt  of  auotber  epK^b  In 
tbo  bii»t-4>ry  «tf  MM»lltii>n,  Tlif*  territory 
of  Toxftji  wtt*i  origioaUy  included  in  ib« 
I^ulnbria  pitroha**^^  bot  lurrt^nd^ired  to 
Hpftia  hy  ibc*  pmvUion*  of  th*>  llorida 
treaty.  Mr.  m-nton  —  bigh  autbtirity 
witb  Ibe  F'reeSoilent,  thou^b,  we  (<onfeiM 
ir^  otit  vi?ry  <Mjnoliiiiive  yi\»m  n*— ^ayn  in 
hi*  reotnt  j>oni}orou«  iiMne,  tbat  h  wei 
unoeoawittrilr  flacHfitNNi  by  tb<t  Sontirf^m 
advUem  of  Mr.  Monrt>-  '  Hate  tbe 

Fre«  Boil  iM!<niirn«ni  ^  \\     Of 

oonme  \ U  r e-aot:| ii a a\ tioi v  ,,,,  i  r, , , 1 1  f iolent 
hoetiiity  from  tlic  Mime  fpuirt^T.  Beit 
the  ■ovcrijign  will  of  tijo  jiooplfl  com- 
toandod  it,  and  tb«}  deetl  waii  don<>  be- 
yond nnall.  It  Iti  nec^M- *^  n^w  to  em- 
amino  tlia  pfaprlety  or  v  of  ibe 

act    TaxM  i«  in  t\w  <  1  if  we 

would,  we  cannot  di-^pbw;*;  b^r,  8li(i  le 
In  too,  imd^r  the  prori^ion*  nf  a  *^d^fiin 
0OTen«nt  tat    ber  •u1-'  ^ire 

States  whonnvisr  In   I  inr 

MpikHon  mtiy  be  krg<^  ii  n* 

ier  dlflaloo  eiiM4l»at — «nr^  'w 

Statei  ta  lay  •outv  .'«•♦*  .,,;^  ^„,,  ^r 
without  »lar'ery  n  ^pU  ma^  de- 

sire, and  thoaa  to  i^^v  »•**  ^u  of  that  V 


a 


#40 


^'Our  PiMrtim  md  P^thHafJ' 


[Dm. 


aooording  to  the  proviBions  of  the  Mis- 
•oari  restriction,  non-slAveholdiDg.  The 
Soath  promptljr  acceded  to  the  insertion 
of  the  MisBOtui  Compromise,  if  she  did 
not  suggest  it,  though  she  was  to  he  the 
necessary  loser.  Her  faith,  however, 
was  pledged,  and  the  fiuthlessness  of  her 
enemies  was  not  then  so  palpably  evinced 
as  to  release  her  firom  the  obligations  of 
the  bond.  The  Mexican  war  soon  sue-  * 
ceeded  the  annexation  of  Texas.  We 
always  considered  the  war  a  consequence 
of  the  blundering  of  l£r.  Polk's  admi- 
nistration. A  wise  and  cautious  £xecu- 
tive  might  not  have  been  able  to  avoid 
ijt;  but  a  wise  and  cautious  Executive 
would  never  have  ordered  the  advance 
of  Gen.  Taylor  at  the  time,  and  under 
the  circumstances,  that  the  unfortunate 
order  was  given.  So  thought  the  great 
statesman  of  South  Carolina,  whom  the 
fanatics  of  the  North  choose  to  regard 
as  the  embodiment  of  the  pro-slavery 
sentiment  of  the  South.  During  the 
progress  of  the  war,  it  became  manifest 
that  the  principle  upon  which  the  war 
party  proceeded — that  of  demanding  in- 
demnity for  tlie  past  and  security  for  the 
future — necessarily  involved  the  necessity 
of  acquiring  new  territory.  For  this  the 
South  was  not  responsible.  Her  people 
were  divided  upon  the  propriety  of  the 
war,  though  to  her  credit  be  it  said, 
never  upon  the  propriety  of  maintaining 
the  honor  of  the  American  flag,  or  the 
safety  of  the  American  soldier.  The 
Democratic  party  was  the  war  party; 
and  as  it  had  been  before,  so  was  it  still 
the  predominant  party  in  the  South.  In 
the  North  as  in  Uie  South,  it  was  com- 
mitted to  the  acquisition  of  territory. 
The  friends  of  the  President  suggested 
that  Congress  should  place  under  his  con- 
U'ol  two  or  three  millions  of  dollars  to 
facilitate  the  negotiation  of  a  treaty  of 
peace.  Then  sprang  forth  the  world- 
penowned  Wilmot  Proviso.  Mr.  David 
Wilmot,  of  Pennsylvania,  who  had  cast 
his  maiden  vote  in  Congress  for  the  21st 
rule — and  alone  of  the  Pennsylvania  de- 
legation voted  for  the  repeal  of  the  tariff 
of  1842 — moved  the  adoption  of  a  pro- 
viso to  the  effect,  that,  in  the  event  of 
the  acquisition  of  territory,  &lavei7  should 
be  for  ever  prohibited  therein.  The  pro- 
viso was  adopted,  and  the  resolution  in 
this  form  more  than  once  passed  the 
House  of  Representatives ;  but  the  pro- 
viso eflfectually  defeated  the  passage  of 
the  bill.  A  treaty  of  peace  was  finally 
negotiated  without  the  aid  of  the  two  or 
tM«e  millioDa,  and  lubsequently  ratified 


by  the  Senate.  By  that  treaty,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  territory  in  dispute  between 
Texas  and  Mexico,  we  acquired  Califor- 
nia, a  portion  of  New  Mexico,  and  Utah. 
Proatrate  as  poor  Mexico  waa,  we  could 
have  wrested  from  her  such  terms  as  we 
might  have  chosen  to  dictate.  But,  as 
compared  with  the  precedents  of  our 
voracious  mother  beyond  the  sea,  we 
were  moderate  in  our  exactions. 

After  the  ratificaticm  of  the  treaty, 
immediate  efforts  were  made  to  provide 
governments  for  our  newly  acquired  ter- 
ritory, but  the  slavery  question  aborted 
every  effort  Upon  this  rook  the  two 
Houses  of  Congress  oontinnally  q>lit. 
The  House  of  Representatives  repeatedly 
passed  the  Wilmot  Proviso ;  but,  as  in 
days  gone  by,  we  looked  to  the  Senate 
and  looked  not  in  vain.  Firm  in  the 
maintenance  of  the  rights  of  the  mi- 
nority section,  that  glorious  body  refused 
to  accede  to  the  demands  of  Abolitioii. 
The  South  presented  an  undivided  front. 
All  parties  and  classes  of  her  people  unit- 
ed in  resisting  the  threatened  aggression, 
and  her  representatives  gave  honest  ex- 
mnssion  to  her  deliberate  and  well-oon- 
oaered  sentiment.  She  had  contributed 
vnth  her  blood  and  her  treasure  to  ac- 
quire the  soil  from  which  it  was  propos- 
ed for  ever  to  exclude  her  institutions  and 
her  property.  She  asked  no  favors — she 
demanded  nothing  but  her  right.  A 
small  but  gallant  band  of  oonstitutional 
allies  from  the  North,  stood  with  her  in 
the  breach.  Breasting  the  tide  of 
fEinaticism  which  swept  over  their  own 
section,  they  rang  continually  in  the  ears 
of  their  own  people  the  magnanimous 
counsel  of  Aristides  to  the  Athenians : 
^^  You  have  the  numerical  power,  but  it 
is  unjust  to  exerciee  it."  For  awhile, 
our  Northern  brethren  seemed  ^^  deaf  to 
the  voice  of  justice  and  consanguinity.*' 
From  Legislature  after  Legislature  they 
sent  up  their  G^-speed  to  the  agitators 
at  the  Capitol,  until  finally  young  Iowa 
stood  alone  among  the  non-edaveholding 
States,  without  the  taint  of  abolition 
upon  her  skirts.  Upon  the  other  hand, 
the  slave  States  were  cementing  their 
bonds  of  union  among  themselves,  and 
upon  the  altar  had  sworn  the  one  to  the 
other,  tiiat  ^^  at  all  hazards,  and  to  the 
last  extremity,"  they  would  resist  the 
threatened  aggression.  Upon  the  floor 
of  Congress,  they  over  vad  over  again 
tenderMl  the  olive  branch,  and  it  waa 
uniformly  spumed.  Asking  only  for  her 
rii^ts,  she  proposed  to  submit  the  whole 
matter  at  issue  to  the  arhitramaat  <tf  tka 


A  Smtimmt^i  V%rv  tf  the  Suhjc^t 


U\ 


Bhupiciioiked Ui  e-'  " '  *'  ,^  UI«0ottri Oora* 
|iroioiiN»  Utm  u>  — tlificifl]  thki 

•idin^-l  I '  -  <'  (m>i>ortl<m  of 

tll^tri  iiitiToal^  in  tlii> 

ptIlMWL'  -  .  ,_.  :.  -u  liftajdHof«d' 
v«rM  Ju<ii€  Lai  UiHaiakiiMi  Tbo  UrtiM  of  tba 
MiwK^iiri  m:l  wer<*  ocmliiied  to  tJi©  temlo- 
ry  iiCi]uiri'd  frtiin  Fraiioe ;  VdI  lliotr  «o^ 

_  imd  flc-ipti  wjw  to  iiraw  a  diFidkig  mm 
•  -  i;kv«  utid  liio  free  Bl&tei, 
li  t  b  riH| u i rud  t h e  aX Uffiioti  of 

'the  Uuc  tlmmt^li  ihtf  Mt*xic&ii  aoqujtti* 
ttlUutift.     The  South  deiii^*.,  it  h  u-nct,  the 

Uftotn  :i  I  vit*  th^  |i  Am  ; 

l«t  for  vu'  Hrtmji  *>f  pentJe  auti  uitrmooj 
»fad  wait  » illing  to  0QliCed«  tlid  pow»r» 
,  itt  otliisr  w?«-'i'  *  f-^cliicio  h^tiwlf 
I  ft  ponJou,  i!iitirc«%ioti  Hho 

tld  |»itreh Aao  t  . ,  . ,  !  I  IVinii  an^Mi  ui  t. 
Bui  #vuii  thii  ott'wr  wiia  ^jjiirnwd,  not 
MKMJ  or  twie*j,  but  ofusficr  htill.  While 
tho  Mexican  a<y|ui«itiof]i*  wuri»  atill  iindisr 
ooimidiimtion^  Oreg«ri  cart*©  forward  to 
apfijjf  for  a  tcrritMriiil  jcrttveniiaent,  Aa 
a  p.rtiof!  of  ill©  Louiitwiin  purchase^ 
h  -UitT  Nuriii  of  SG^^  SQ;  thtj 

.    of   1820    pniFid**d   for  th<?» 
'     ho    8ottth 
^n   of  the 


14 


Cm 

iriKS 

ri   ' 

.  rkii 

P^ 

wIm    . 

Xim  lifj«  u( 

itQiie,''  or 

•ometiiiit^i 

Hi*  mo- 

liiMi  waa  1 

ma\* 

lOOiii    iMgu: 

horn 

'-j^uia 

wa#  tJiHa  Mlb. 

ih« 

>v   -    .    •  ■■ 

ti 

ac 

.    illJJV 

ti 

U  of 

a 

\.in 

i. 

<'  wodUI  Iijiv«  faUad 

U.                         ■      u 

of  Mr. 

Baaum,  of  v 

»■                     vlr.  iioti  <Um^ 

c.f  Taxaa,     i*r»* 

>-                      ^rint'LitiowJ 

the  hill,  aoQOfii- 

(lO  4?xplaiiati^r]r  iiiuMaga, 


a«f 


vi  iJoquJiuuisk-.  iiui'-tlJf  ifutt  wcouBaMlar 


moat  Oi'iKturahb.  1 1  waa  a  ^ri^tm  lula- 
t«ki.  Tho  North  had  n  r  -  "  *  *  th» 
ooYaoaat,  and  *t  wa.-*  no  ic-  to 

coiiet^b  to  hat  {idvzitita^H  i^-  -< t^h% 

wa*  c^rjiitkHl  i»nd^r  if,  in  iSiit  rii<;'+  of  bt^r 
own  «nt|ihaTic  and  dchher^iti^  warning, 
thai  alio  moant  not  lo  dl^^r barf^^*  anj  ob- 
ligalloiia  iitn*oiied  upon  bt^r  ib**r*?by. 

Ooogrtaa  ailjourni^d  on  tb^  Bd  of 
Marotk,  164i>,  kiaTing  fallal  to  proHda 
for  the  governipoul  of  Lki^  new  Usrritorj. 
Thy  diijoovory  of  Urn  irumeiNu  Titinfrai 
wealth  of  didiforiiia  had  alfcacly  at- 
iraota*}  thither  an  tike^ampW]  iudui  of 
pcipttlatiim;  aiid  ti  .  irtunent 

whitsb^  tx  nr^eiaihi  i  fjo  war, 

waii  altitfetb««r  iri'^min  mul  sin  iJ,*i  ^ff^c- 
tual  protection  of  hfe  m\d  propt^rtVf 
Uodiar  tbix^ti  ciraurfi^tjittci^tj  iwT  \*mtp\v 
aaanmwd  ibi»  refpfiiiHtbtlit  v  lyf  orgauirio^ 
1^  BCttIi  Go  varnToe n  t.  A  cuf i  v  f  ii  ti  <  >n  of 
dahqgitei  raiguliiri^  t4cctod  by  hor  people 
antemhlad  iu  Smi  KriiiK'if$co,  and  a^^riH'^d 
upon  a  i^^atitution,  wbkb  wiw  prompUj 
rallied  aiid  acoap(«d  bv  tholr  eo(i»titq* 
eiiey.  The  South  tiad  Jwaj!*  coiit<indtrfl 
for  tbi^  riglit  of  the  lerritorieei  tti  adopt* 
lag  8ta£e  jj^ovi^niinytiU,  to  i«lect  for 
tbaTu««K'ei»  dudi  In^lkutioni  an  tb«y 
udj^be  prefer,  aad  it  won  »appot»«d  llial 
her  rcpagQancMi  to  the  Wilmut  Proviao 
would  nupoiia  do  < '  '  '  >  *rHier  pnH  lo 
tlio  adiuLMitun  ol  '  <  with  a  frem 

OotiBlitiition.  I  hi  .M.,  Pill  .4,  tborefoTflt, 
bfOtuht  their  hjitt«ric«  to  bt^ar  upuo  tha 
pe<j^Tci  of  t!ie  territory*  and  by  «)grdd* 
oiwit  ihreat*  indirvetly  aiicomph^Uod 
their  purpiriAe.  The  ptj<c!iiliar  ftiiuatioa 
of  ttie  tA^rtitory  r«^ildc?rt*d  tbe  early  laitab- 
liubmeut  of  n  |i«  rTimnrnt  p'^^'^'nimrot  a 
iriatt^Tof  u^ 
th«  delay  ^ii 
of  Mlniioun  : 
km*  Lbe  fciou 

t  a  mins^^  M- 

H^  n«oplc».     T 
f  u^n  iudQiaatl  forib«  ti«v 

thrtt  tnoft;  kimI  lb#  Oi7uv«iriUoa  waa 
urg^  to  itiak*  ibani  cntArmfuoua  witli 
iliv  fimni  af  tJi#  MftlioaQ  tr«'ns  v      Tbna, 
ibollticiQ  Iniliaili^    «  ^iflt 

oall  aoetioi  ol  iba  n  roi<^ 

aatahliahtd  tJtm  BtatmM  m  to  Blatrery  of  an 
iimneoaa  ara«  ia  yet  mdiihahii^.  Tu 
ttili  tha  Soqih  obJ#eUMl,  and  uo  far- 
minded  maa  ma  anatt  har  for  loauti^ 
d»t«noy.  3b«  waa  atwayn  r«^iily  ti» 
aniiianxo  tbe  ^irmallon  of  a  Stala  gOf - 

.  aad  t4> 
i  piatl| 


1X 


•44 


''Our  Portia  and  PoUImP 


[D» 


ala^e  State,  if  she  so  willed,  tlie  Texas 
bribe  became  tlie  law  of  the  land. 

Of  the  remaining  two  measures,  the 
one  was  designed  as  a  concession  to  the 
ftmaticism  of  one  section — the  other  was 
a  tardy  recognition  of  the  rights  of  the 
other.  The  abolition  of  the  slave  trade 
in  the  District  of  Oolnmbia,  is  practically 
of  little  consequence  to  the  Soutli.  With 
ns,  the  buying  and  selling  of  slaves  for 
gain  is  no  more  reputable  an  employment 
wan  it  is  considered^  in  the  North ;  and 
if  it  could  be,  it  would  long  siuce  have 
been  suppressed.  It  is,  however,  a 
necessary  incident  to  the  institution. 
There  is  much  of  evil  associated  with  the 
beet  condition  upon  earth.  In  every 
community  and  in  every  society  there  is 
much  that  is  necessary  to  be  done  which 
the  benevolent  heart  would  raUier  not 
be  forced  to  witness.  Crimes  occur 
everywhere;  but  no  human  laws  have 
yet  devised  penalties  which,  in  punishing 
the  criminal,  never  bear  with  them 
heavier  burdens  to  the  innocent.  If  the 
slave  is  sold  to-day  at  the  caprice  of  a 
heartless  master,  so,  in  another  circle  of 
society,  the  heartless  master  finds  his 
counterpart  in  the  brutal  husband  or 
father,  and  the  unhappy  slave  his  fellow- 
sufferer  in  the  heart-broken  wife,  or  the 
unfriended  child.  If,  in  the  South,  the 
bankruptcy  of  the  master  compels  the 
reluctant  sale  to  the  slave  dealer,  and  the 
forced  severance  of  the  negro's  ties, — ^in 
the  North  a  like  misfortune  to  the  father 
tears  from  the  fireside  of  home  the  un- 
liH|ipy  boy,  and  flings  him  rudderless  on 
the  ocean  of  life.  The  feeling  heart 
need  but  look  around  within  the  narrow 
circle  of  its  own  immediate  observation, 
to  find  enough  of  human  woe  and  suffering 
to  awake  its  liveliest  sympathies.  The 
people  of  the  South  are  not  callous  to 
human  misfortune.  If  they  be  not  all 
like  the  good  Samaritan  of  our  Saviour's 
parable,  and  we  assert  not  for  them  such 
excellence,  we  believe  we  hazard  nothing 
in  challenging,  throughout  the  world, 
comparison  with  them  in  all  works  of 
genuine  charity.  The  negro's  sorrows 
are  not  unheeded  by  his  Southern  bro- 
ther of  a  fairer  hue.  With  less  of  osten- 
tation, but  with  more  of  deep  and  heart- 
felt interest,  he  ministers  to  his  necessi- 
ties. Southern  philanthropy  does  not 
vent  itself  towards  the  negro  in  words, 
and  words  only.  However,  we  digress. 
We  have  no  regrets  that  the  slave  sham- 
bles have  been  excluded  from  the  Dis- 
trlot,  but  the  exercise  of  the  power  to 
0iipprefl0  the  traffic,  is,  to  oa,  fearfUly 


ominous  of  future  evil.  This  snl^feoti 
however,  is  now  rarely  noticed.  The  law 
is  u^n  the  statute-book, — openly,  and 
we  believe  rigidly,  enforced.  But  iti 
fellow-statute  is  less  fortunate.  From 
the  honr  of  the  passage  of  the  Fugitive 
Slave  Law  down  to  the  present  tintM, 
scarcely  a  week  has  elapsed  that  its  nul- 
lification has  not  been  urged  as  a  Obris- 
tian  duty.  In  scarcely  one  single  in- 
stance has  the  law  been  executed  quietly, 
and  without  resistance.  The  blood  of 
more  than  one  victim  (^  an  infuriated 
mob  clamors  still  from  the  ground  for 
vengeance.  As  far  as  mne  out  of  ten  of 
our  stolen  slaves  are  concerned,  the  law 
is  practically  a  dead  letter.  In  spite  of 
its  provisions  they  cower  securely  under 
the  shelter  of  abolition  saints,  whose 
decalogue  is  abridged  into  the  single  oom- 
mand,  ^^  Thou  shalt  steal  thy  neighbor^ 
slave,  and  defame  thy  neighbor's  name." 
Yet  ^eir  surrender  is  ^^  nominated  in  the 
bond."  Men  of  the  North  1  the  Oonati- 
tution,  which  secures  to  you  all  that  yon 
and  yours  hold  dear,  imposes  upon  yon 
this  duty.  It  may  be  an  unpleasant  one 
— ^it  need  not  be  so.  The  great  apoetib 
of  the  Gentiles  obyiously  thought  he  did 
his  ^Caster  service  when  restoring  the  t^ 
gitive  Onesimus  to  Philemon.  Yoovs 
must  be  a  tender  consoienee  that  revoUi 
from  acts  that  Paul  esteemed  dntiea.  ^  It 
is  nominated  in  the  bond."  Remember 
that.  Contemporary  history  assnres  Ǥ, 
and  your  own  jurists  tell  us,  that  without 
it  that  bond  would  never  have  been  sign- 
ed, sealed,  and  delivered.  You  have  the 
consideration,  therefore.  la  the  peace 
and  security  of  your  fireside,  in  the  eK- 
emption  from  the  heavy  and  oppressive 
burdens  that  grind  the  poor  of  other 
lands  into  dust,  in  your  growing  and 
flourishing  towns,  in  all  the  elements  of 
material  prosperity  and  comfort  that  sur- 
round you,  in  the  dividends  with  whieh 
your  cotton  mills  fill  your  pockets,  in 
your  unrestricted  intercourse  with  the 
South,  pouring,  as  it  does  annually, 
into  your  lap  millions  of  dollars,  in  the 
pride  with  which  you  boast  your  Ame- 
rican citizenship,  in  all  that  is  near  and 
dear  to  your  heart  js  men  and  as  Ame- 
cans,  you  have  your  price.  We  give  it 
you, — we  will  defend  it  for  you  in  times 
to  come,  as  we  have  done  in  days  gone 
by.  But  give  us  ours.  Be  honeit 
Honesty  is  the  best  policy ;  bat  he  did 
not  err  much  who  quaintly  said,  the 
man  who  is  honest  beoaose  it  is  the  bait 
polic* ,  is  half-way  to  a  knavv.  Behonart, 
therefore,  because  it  is  ri^t,  beeMsa  it 


I 


llit.] 


A  Smlkmmh  Ykm  ^  iJk  Sn 


U^ 


I 


I 


to  iMt.  Toof  lytii  if  nUg^htod.  h  b  itot 
ti»  lilt  f«ftliin»of  tUo  Uw  lUni  you  realljr 
ol4«at>  You  aftf  the  triml  hv  jurjf^b^ 
biM  oor{>uiv  U^^  ftra  d«uii»d  tiic  ftipntiirft, 

a»  Mijr  no  kwj«tt),  »o  jui..  pfe 

tW  firael««  of  a  £Kiiou,  nud  lLo  Mauji^ 
l&tU*  of  WbooEuln,     Nu  qQMtton   Wit 

not  tvliaivtt  you.  vt  ci^nstitu- 

Uotai  Tbe  trUl  .'J  jr.;  .->  u  prtiUfXt^ 
inii  id  you  kwow  it  is.  N0C*<1  jua !«?  told 
ferlb*  htiu.In  til  rim©  lltat  th<^r*j  in  not 
ft  itofir  ^  L-  Union  tlmt  <ioai  oot 

o6v  tlr<  ,  i/  Im  will  hnw  ft^  ft 

mry  tri*!  iti  u?»i-  iji»  ukntiiy  of  hb  (^#i- 
domf  oai!  thfi»jm{jaUiJi>s»  of  our  jufieafti^ 
ftlwftffl  wilh  U]i»  u«gro  7  You  only  wiah 
^«  jury  iHil,  to  ItioruftM  xki»  ebftnoe  of 
i«flftj)e  to  iho  ftUve,  You  know  tlmt 
iilti0lj>nbe  out  of  orory  bundrM  o/ 
tkOM  dftiSD«df  ftre  unUoubiedly  ftlftveg^ 
ilAp^oiigiqotatlT,  ^ou  ilo  uoi  ttx^j  m 
mm^  appffiliond  mlst4»ltip.  Tb  U>  do- 
Inud  till*  t>vvo<?r.  Be  frtmk  idth  yoar- 
iiiif  iii^  ii'  iiu  utiiers.  You  ootntilftia  thsl 
tlift  Sutiv%  ftod  ntji  ibi^  G«iiiertl  QoTeni- 
intot,  arv  bound  hy  ttr#  cofiftduitloitftl 
Bi  it  9o,  Will  you  aei^Bt  in 
A  3lftt4i  kWt  bonoMtly  di'^k'iiod 
to  miMf  tb  ti  r«{]  ui  roinonU  of  ^ 

taltoft f     Ko ;— you  do  not 
1iip«r  tip  til  A  i«lftre.    P'  u^ioa 

your  obligfttlouH,     In  ll   <  ^mvu  to 

ihan  iMbtmilllii  ftad  pay  iiai  tWpricof 
Do  JOO  f«fiMl  Uiftl  «T«ry  idnv^t  you  r»- 
to«  to  nftmn  b  KoIm  f r  ^>outli- 

om  broibor  t    Ii  b  «o,—  i,  loo, 

vite  line  ifgmirftT!  1  ooufi- 

On  Ui«  f&i  iiiae  to 

tJi«m,  ttio    'ir  '   »t«ftl 

llMm  Wfto  offiirdod.    An  kuofta 

port.  <t  cah*    Our  miiiii»»(»Ac.ting 

ed  yoa  with   \  ^ 

yoo  ftbcMO.     j 

ooiily  And  oftlmly,     U  >^Ht  *  ' 

ply  with  tbe  roquir^mfliti  ol 

tutJoa,  then  %ix\k^  iix  ^mmimi    m  o^ 

ofton^  a  tiiiinly«  m\i\  nti  biti«at   WAy.     If 

yoQ  (id  Rtit  tin  '1  r«utin  tlio  aUvo^ 

yon  «rft  fiibo  <^l  «fter«d  obU- 


Wo  do  not  dodpi  In  di^a^l  in  domuusi^ 
-  '  --..  .voU  ftWftTttot  ibolio- 
r  fm^odiiBO  ujion  tbo 


-Litli  b 


m«tlttuted  by  oow  in  a  lhou.>iftn<T  of  our 
Kortb«  rn  LrvthriTi  who  ponfJer  to  the 
>n  ;  ftud  if  couHidfr- 
-re  more  fro^iueutly 
pr«ci^%l  liiiiau  Ei^H^n  thorn  ihd  efl^t 
woitld  Ih5  a  bajipy  one.  We  stftto 
notbii)^  bat  fu€t  wlK^n  wo  Affirm  the 
obUgatioQ  to  ri^titrn  the  ftigitiv^e  »itaye. 
Ho  that  runs  niiij  read  It.  Not  an  offi* 
cer  of  Any  BtAf*^  in  this  Union  CAn  en  tor 
upon  Xhti  dis<^bttrgt*  of  im  duties  befont 
»oJeiiJTdy  a w luring  to  comply  with  the 
DODtrftCt.  We  eanuot  sweftr  aUegiftlloo 
to  tbo  Oonstituth^n  by  pleoenwl*  As  ft 
M'lioTo  with  All  \u  proTifiloiu,  iia 
i  id  bentjfitB  together,  we  bftTO 
Tbt?  trAppmgH  of  offloo  (a 
tiii»  bud  ftit  uneAaily  on  the  sboulderii 
of  ftn  hotic:^t  Abolition iflt»  BitUar  It  tUAy 
be,  but  upou  the  Evangely  of  Ohriat 
rnuit  b<»  «weaf  to  return  tbo  fogitire  to 
hts  oirner.  To  the  Searcher  of  a)1 
hoArta  And  tbo  God  of  all  truth  must  bo 
Appeal   to  witnt<«ii«   tfm  ainoiM'  '3 

whkb  hi*  pleilgita  \m  imrn 
for  iho  fiililbncrjt  (*f  tbo  uLni|^rttn>Ti, 
It  if  no  lifc^ht  nmtler  to  tippekl  so* 
leitinly  to  beuvi-n,  &nd  htitoiji  depniiritj 
woart  DO  bbdcer  atpect  thftu  wbaa 
protneditftted  titbebood  nooompAnioi 
iucb  an  appeal  Yo  ftbolition  ofBde- 
b«*rer«,  your  qwirrpl  is  not  now 
witb  ufi.  It  i^  with  lliTii  whtMs  vcn* 
lE^aooo  you  Imve  Fo!untAHly  invokwl, 
for  rvihaiiig  to  return  the  fugitive  ibve^ 
Tour  oovenmnt  obligationii  rnay  bang 
beftvy  tijmn  your  »oob ;  but  you  bftvo 
SMiime^d  lliMU  tnr  yourselves*  ftud  Ap- 
poftlod  to  bcAViio  A%  tbo  witn^^ii.  Ton 
rimy  nut  rtdoiuH?  y<^ur»clros  fN>tn  tbirm* 
K«j|Hn' -'      '  >t;  but,  if  you 

ootdil  'Ti?*  wntt<'n 

i'^*^-  .  -.  . i  the^i--''  '•^•" 

you.     Ffom  thAt  1 

<:  .fod«rieT. 
>  ,  y  bmftfk--'  _ 
him  wliti;^  rouAcienre  rorolti  St  tho 
wrirt.  Ill-*  in  re^niute,  unnryiiuf  and 
*  war  ftgftinit  the  Onion, 
rii><HKMmrfly  luaki)  blm  ft 
troiUjr  tj>  tho  Confodfirai^y.  Ho  wbo 
htvfvi  I  hi*  tftjiiio  inti*t  hat*  Al>iillttoa« 
A  rftAl 


646 


*Our  Partiet  and  PcHikt.^ 


[Dm. 


was  then,  or  is  now,  entertained  of  the 
establishment  of  slavery  in  Utah,  or 
New  Mexico;  bnt  no  congressional  in- 
terdict excludes  the  Soath.  The  great 
principle  of  State  rights,  for  which  we 
have  always  contended,  is  recognized  in 
its  full  extent  by  the  guarantee  to  the 
incipient  state  of  full  and  nnrestrioted 
liberty  to  choose  her  own  institntions 
for  heriM*lf.  In  this  particular,  and  in 
this  particular  only,  did  the  South  really 
gain  in  tlie  adjustment  of  1860.  The 
Tugitivc  Slave  o\l\  was  but  an  amend- 
ment of  an  existing  law,  designed  to  carry 
into  effect  a  plain  and  uncontroverted 
provision  of  the  Constitntion.  It  is  emi- 
nently useful  in  many  respects;  but, 
like  its  constitutional  basis,  depends  for 
its  efficacy  upon  principles  of  good  faith 
and  good  neighborhood,  which  legisla- 
lation  cannot  create.  But  in  the  tri- 
umph of  State  sovereignty,  not  territo- 
rial sovereignty  (for  the  power  to  exclnde 
ns  is  only  vested  in  the  people  when 
organizing  as  a  State),  a  controverted 
question  was  settled,  and  it  was  settled 
for  all  coming  time  upon  the  principles 
of  the  Constitution  and  of  equal  right 
The  era  of  federal  interdicts  was  closed 
when  a  despotic  majority  repudiated  the 
Missouri  Compromise,  even  in  its  appli- 
cation to  the  Louisiana  purchase,  by 
rejecting  the  proposed  amendment  of 
Mr.  Burt,  of  South  Carolina,  to  the  Ore- 
gon bill,  in  1848.  The  passage  of  that  bill 
marks  the  tnrning  point  in  our  history. 
The  South  tendered  tne  olive-branch  more 
than  once  again ;  but  her  spirits  were 
broken  and  her  hopes  were  crushed. 
This,  however,  washer  ti^fima^um.  The 
Missouri  restriction,  or  none,  was  the 
alternative  she  proposed,  and  we  have 
no  regrets  attendant  upon  the  accept- 
ance of  the  latter. 

The  recent  act  of  Congress,  organizing 
the  territories  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas, 
was  the  equitable  consequence  of  the  leg- 
islation of  1850.  Tlie  distinguishing 
feature  of  this  act  was  the  clause  de- 
claring the  Missouri  restriction  origin- 
ally unconstitutional  and  superseded  as 
a  principle  of  compromise  by  the  adjust- 
ment of  1860.  It  must  have  been  not  a 
little  amusing  to  those  who  have  watched 
the  progress  of  political  events  in  this 
country,  for  the  past  five  years,  to  ob- 
serve the  apparent  earnestness  and  sin- 
cerity with  which  this  bill  was  assailed, 
as  a  breach  of  plighted  faith.  Men 
and  parties  who,  in  1860,  had  not  a  word 
of  respect  to  ntter  for  any  compromises 
— who  atndioiwly  repelled  the  idea  of 


recognizing  the  binding  character  of  any 
pledges  m^e  bv  their  predeoesaora,  and 
disdainfully  r^ected    the    mention  of 
86°  SO',  because  **  some  historical  reool- 
lections  *'  made  those  fignres  bear  with 
them   **an   implication,^*  were,  a   few 
moons  since,  clamoring  upon  the  floor  of 
Congress  for  this  same  line  of  86°  W^ 
as  the  consecrated  boundary  of  tree  soil. 
This  silly  cry  of  broken  faith  is  simply 
absurd.  We  have  shown,  in  the  preTions 
brief  rifUffU  of  legislation    upon  this 
subject,  that  the  South  endeavored,  but 
endeavored  ineffectually,  to  perpetnate 
the  Missouri  line.    She  contended  that 
good  faitli  required  its  extension  ::o  the 
Pacific;  but,  not  only  did  the  North 
refuse  to  extend,  bnt  solemnly  repudiated 
it  as  f>inding  on  the  original  territoir 
of  Louisiana,  and  excluded   the  South 
from  Oregon    by  numerical    strength. 
Against  the  earnest  remonstrances  and 
protest  of  the  South,  that  line  was  prac- 
tically   abrogated — when  her   enemies 
vainly  imagined  themselves  fall  strong 
enough  to  exclude  her  entirely.     They 
forced  upon  her  the  hazards  of  another 
settlement — and  to  the  principles  of  that 
settlement^  every  consideration  of  just- 
ice and  fhir  dealing  reqnires  them  to 
submit,  without  a  mnrmnr.    This  we 
did  not  expect;  but,  from  the  candid  and 
fair-minded  men  of  the  North,  we  do 
look  for  early  and  entire  aconiescenee. 
We  know  there  are  many  who  esteem 
the  Nebraska  bill  eqnitable  and  just,  and 
the  discomfiture  of  Abolition  an  appro- 
priate recompense  for  its  faithlessness  in 
the  past,  who  nevertheless  deprecated  its 
introduction,  and  indulge  in  jeremiades 
over  its  passage.    They  are  of  that  class 
of  timid  conservatives  who  tremble  at  the 
slightest  rufiie  upon  the  surface  of  the 
waters.  Theirs  is  an  amiable  weakness — 
comparatively  harmless  in  private  life — 
but    in   public   affairs    the    sooroe  of. 
uncounted  ills.    John  Hampden,  at  the 
exchequer  bar,  resisting  the  arbitnry 
exactions  of  a  would-be  despot,  foond 
as  little  sympathy  from  their  anti-types 
as  did  Stephen  A.  Douglas  from  them 
when,  in  the  Senate  diamber  of  the 
Union,  he  married  his  name  to,  and 
staked  his  fortune  upon,  the  great  con- 
stitutional principle  of  Federal  non-in- 
tervention.   The  last,  as  the  first,  ma? 
leave  his  lame  to  posterity.    They  wiU 
do  him  ample  Justioe.    But  we  are  sat* 
isfied  he  need  not  wait  so  long.    The 
present  storm  is  but  temporary  in  duca* 
tion.    There  is  more  of  thunder  than 
of  lightning  in  its  dlouda.    Pttonliar  oir> 


Sdutkamit^M  VUm  e^  fki  Su^ieL 


\ 


I 


I 


I 


iKvt  ooiilHbiiled  to  tljo 
anoocsi  of  tbe  igitJi&oTm:  «nd 
noD«  mor^  no  tliim  ih^  present  discir- 
fuiiuUon  of  [Kill tied  p&ni«M.  Th«  d«- 
t«ai  of  G^Denu  Soott  by  »o  ov^rwlnlin* 
Uig  a  m^oriu%  c«tAbliNhefl  the  n^/cucmiy 
of  A  r«<vrgiu]ixaikm  af  the  po!ttiiyil  «le* 
iiMiiitM — mid  th*  bhiriiieri»»f  jioliey  of  ilie 
adi  ..  lU  effort  EQ  fttnalgft- 

mu  ig  fiitiiooa  of  the  tna- 

Joni  v^  hmi  ttirejiiljr,  in  «  groti  infiMiir*, 
obIie«r»t#d  old  pftTtj  tin^.  Tbe  iDlro- 
tlucUoa  of  m  n^w  nabje^it  of  -—  -  ftig 
jQt«re«t^   mrolvin^    n60»*u  isie 

cireumttsiiOM  loCft  good  «i  o|>portunity 
to  \m  loti  lij  tbe  df«ooDteni0d  ifiiritj 
who  liufig  upon  the  imt-»kirU  <if  the  M 
pATtJee.  Hi5ne«^  u  a  very  tiatuMil  oon- 
nequenoti^  the  fuiioa  fiow  In  pri)gr«ia, 
■trtkin^  leiTor  by  thtt  apfmrent  »tr«iigth 
of  &bi»lliioti  Into  thm  hei.rU  of  Ul« 
doipoix4«nt.  We  aonftM  that  the  tvc- 
laiM  of  the  AgitAton  bw  varpAMod  our 
ospeotAtioiis^-bat  we  do  wot  deipotid. 
Oof  coQ|td«Eio«  i»  strong  in  the  Oifweliy 
of  the  Uiifoo  to  witlMUnd  the  MMUilte 
af  iu  intcrtsilf  u  wdl  m  «irtcmftl  foiSv 
it*  cantifrt  bttt  belieire  that  u  bi^rhKr 
AMtiiiy  titan  w%  h^v^  e?«f  yi!t  Approxi- 
mMt  li  t)«irr«d  in  the  oonimla  of 

Otnninol^^nne  fbr  our  Hepubbo*  Our 
tri  *mil  tmdotibtic^y  on  Ilirn 

wL  ^   IV  ftTtn,  in  dajvgutie  by,  hith 

It  U  IMiioQAble  /nft  now  to  dtdalm 
iHpiituit  the  N|!|tre9iiio»  of  jironikt'ery, 
iind  to  »pe<T¥iliita  opoa  th«  iiit«Hor  de- 
iiirfks  of  the  Bontn.  A  reccml  abb 
writer,  In  reviewing  the  p«rtice  ind 
politioi  of  our  country ,  rery  ailroitly 
ants  fbrwird  the  pro  Al&Tery  p«rty,  w 
Ut«  Koooeiftnil  psrty  of  onr  biiuiryf  Aod 


Itributci  to  the  Boiitb  ulterior  ^^eiAgBB^ 

^pre»ciuli«d  Ioswmmq 

itn  In  the  Ni>fth,     It  h  tite  old 


wtU  odonkted  ■«  repreM^uli^d  lo  i 


f  of  thi  fox  and  t  ho  Uiob  in  ancither 
forto.  The  ofrgrtHiuiui  of  pro^Urery 
\m\t^  fhf4  piu»o^  ftud  no  more,  that 
wi'  iiiAlte  of  b^r  con«Titnt^nniil 

H^v  ..4fl  reekted  with  tnwa  %ut^ 

cttitf  i>{  [au  than  formorty,  the  idvaaoe 
of  hi^r  M^ailaniM.  The  nltefior  4e<iisil 
of  the  South  in  ftintKHhed  \n  few  wofjg* 
Bhi  moan*  lo  cvintent  h«r*rlf  with  oo* 
iMmf  kie  tbiir  '^v  in  the  Union,  <vr 

fairfgymd  enr^  .     U  q  w  eleotne  m 

to  h«  ti    t'  »    .1    -•|>anitioti 

fruii)  bi^r  Ni'  iJon  bM 

foro^    h^r  pin((    if 


f 


b^^rtelf  the  demet^ta  of  a  comin«r«lt]  in- 
dependonoe  and  mftterM  proApcdty^ 
whtoh  a  kind  Pro v [deuce  has  vouc$h* 
4iftfd  to  none  utlipr  ofM^n  ewth.  With 
the  coTurujLnd  nf  tl^o  month  of  the 
lliasMppi,  and  the  mono(>oly  of  tlie 
cotton  trmje  of  the  world,  &.he  tiiiiy 
laugh  the jiuny  effort*  of  her  eneinlcu  to 
Bcoriu  w«  know  tbiit  there  are  men  at 
the  North  who  behtwe  Umt  thiJ  Union 
ifl  indkftulnble,  and  >      '  imimly  Hdi- 

m\e  the   idea  of  «eoMlo»t 

They  profesi  to  beliiw^  4i.i<i  {)«»rhjipi  do 
believek,  that  the  vcuertilifio  for  tlie 
Union  li«e  too  d«ep  £eat«d  in  l\m  heartj» 
of  our  people  to  be  eradicated  by  any 
legiMlation.  It  \*  a  fatal  errcir,  kindrea 
in  Itn  origiDf  it  mny  be  in  its  re6iilLtf,  to 
that  wlvich  doMfKJilod  the  Britii^h  coro- 
not  of  its  hrlghlo^^t  joweb*  Thnt  man 
)ms  sinditNl  Americati  chiiriictt:<r  and 
AmeHcan  hiF*ttiry  to  hi  tie  pMr[«»Mi%  who 
vainly  imnginciA  Uiat  wlrh  our  pt^ople, 
tlie  halo  of  pa^it  f^hmes  can  ob^onre  the 
»otuie  of  prmont  wn^ng.  Had  we  been 
eaaiJy  delWded  of  our  H|;htA  by  nleaa 
of  eooh  eatnre,  th«w  Htatcn  had  been 
ftttli  appendages  to  the  ooekan-gtrt  i»la. 
With  her  we  bad  In  oominon,  "the 
language  of  §hakeapear«,  tb«  ooda  of 
Black^ona,  iad  iha  «ra«d  of  OhrUt,*' 
and  the  blood-atalni  of  ootnmon  battle 
fi«?ld«  luul  scar  re  dried  upon  thu  vcnt- 
iiientj.  The  a^tfomptiont*  of  the  iiritiNh 
y»arliarnor*t  wvr<y  practical ly  far  k*-n*  ob* 
m^3ciou»  to  the  ^^i»th«rn  cidonles  than 
are  nuw  tho  c|u^n»4  of  Abuhtiun. 
Their  ntotlier  wa*  kltfler  then  than  ihi^tr 
sbl«r«  now.  But  Old  En^^Iand  bent  the 
Im)w  tew  far,  and  Now  England  **  may 
profit  by  her  eaample.^'  The  fiarne  i^pirit 
that  in  ^76  made  the  eansa  of  B4i«i<iri 
tba  canae  of  a)K  «tlU  exixtii  among  uk 
Eooia  not  the  ibn  from  bin  lair.  We 
woqJd  lire  In  peaco  and  barmotiy. 
Wrofiged  though  we  have  baao^  we  are 
contant  that  tiy^goaet  ba  by-gonae. 

Bat  there  can  be  no  peaee  until  tlie 
Korth  agneea  to  let  the  navery  qti(»tton 
alone.     If  slavery  bo  tN  hIu  and  evil 
they  oonmire  it,  it  U  all  onrt\  %(*  bor- 
row the  wirrdji  i>f  a  fanatlml  preacher  lit 
iba  Weet — "uurn  by   Mmun   oumpact; 
onr  imall^pox,  our  clKilvra,  «': 
oar  laproay/*    The  writJ^r  t-^ 
hara  inwnotialy  ref  —  \ 
mam  ymn  dnem  *'  ^ 

Jo^Moai  Northeo'  ^ 
that  ebrery  waai  n 

wi chin  the  control  i:  ^ 

bag  to  know  what  n#w  h  l 

n|>oti  thnii^  to  modify  V\^  i 


046 


'Our  ParHsi  and  PMia? 


[Dio. 


of  oomtitntional  right.  If  no  asMnlt 
upon  slavery  in  the  States  he  designed, 
why  this  warfare  against  the  entranoo 
of  the  South  into  the  territories  ?  Has 
there  been  any  other  single  question 
presented  to  onr  people,  upon  which 
sectional  lines  have  been  drawn  ?  Oom- 
binations  of  men  from  the  North  and 
the  Sonth  have  sustained,  and  similar 
combinations  have  opposed,  the  establish- 
ment of  national  banks,  and  protective 
tarifis,  and  eveir  contested  measure  of 
federal  policy.  Upon  this  single  question 
is  the  South  a  unit.  The  worm,  when 
trodden  under  foot,  will  turn  upon  the 
oppressor,  and  the  unanimity  of  the 
South  here  is  explicable  upon  the  in- 
stincts of  self-defence.  The  interdiction 
of  slavery  in  the  territories  is  avowedly 
designed  as  an  indirect  blow  at  the  same 
institution  in  the  States,  from  direct  at- 
tacks upon  which,  all,  save  the  most 
radical  fanatics,  admit  that  the  Consti- 
tution protects  us.  The  policy  of  Abo- 
lition is  to  encircle  us  with  a  cordon  of 
free  States,  and  thus  to  confine  us  in  the 
limits  of  tho  present  slave  territory, 
until  the  increase  of  that  class  of  our 
population  shall  coerce  emancipation,  if 
not  amalgamation.  We  do  not  desire  to 
dwell  upon  the  dark  future  which  the 
success  of  such  a  policy  foreshadows. 
By  Southampton  and  Ilayti  the  South  is 
forewarned,  and  forewarned,  she  is  fore- 
armed. 

We  had  designed  to  notice  the  impu- 
dent claim  which  is  asserted  for  "  the 
outcast  republicans  of  Europe,"  to  ex- 
clude us  from  the  enjoyment  of  our  own 
property,  because  '*  our  form  of  society 
can  never  advance  beyond  a  semi-bar- 
barism." We  envy  not  the  heart  that 
could  conceive,  or  the  tongue  that  could 
utter  sucli  a  Fentiment,  libelling  as  it 
does,  without  discrimination,  the  whole 
body  of  a  Cliristian  community.  How- 
ever, the  statement  of  the  proposition 
carries  with  it  to  every  fair-minded  man 
its  own  reply,  and  time  and  space  ad- 
monish us  to  hurry  to  a  close. 

We  have  endeavored  to  discuss  this 
question  calmly  and  philosophically ;  and 
to  the  sober  reason  of  our  readers — ^to 
the  calm  thinkers  of  the  North — we  ap- 
l>eal.  What  good  has  been  accomplished, 
and  what  good  may  be  accomplished  by 
tills  war  against  us  ?  As  for  the  evil  it 
may  yet  evoke,  no  man  can  anticipate  its 
extent.  It  should  be  enough  for  every 
|>atriot  and  every  Christian  to  know  tliat 
in  this  matter  is  involved  the  perpetuity 
of  the  American  Union.    There  is  no 


room  for  oonoealmeot  or  disgoiBa.  la 
no  spirit  of  idle  gasconade*— in  no  eboUfr- 
tion  of  temporary  nassion — bnt  in  thus 
sullen  sternness  of  ddiberate  and  oalon- 
lated  purpose,  the  South  protests  her 
high  resolve.  No  apparent  ezoiteraent 
pervades  the  masses  of  her  people. 
Upon  the  Nebraska  question  she  main- 
tained, throughout,  an  unusual  silence. 
Not  loud  in  its  expression,  bnt  deep  and 
strong  is  the  feeling  that  animates  her 
masses.  With  the  intensest  interest  they 
gase  from  a  distance  on  your  fidds  df 
political  strife,  and  await  the  result  in 
anxious  suspense.  The  issue  is  now 
fairly  joined,  and  fidelity  to  the  Bepnblio 
admits  of  no  neutrality.  Abolition  hangs 
boldly  out  her  banner,  inscribed  widi 
these  treasonable  devices : — Thb  Rkfbal 

OP  THE  FUOITIVK  SlaAYB  LaW — ThE  Bjt'. 
8TORATION  OF  THX  MiSSOUBI  CoiCFTOinSB 
— ^No    MOBE    SULVB    StAISS — No     MOB! 

Slavs  Tesbitobhs.  Under  its  folds  are 
rallying  an  imposing  array.  'Tis  idle  to 
dose  the  eye  to  the  peril  of  the  day. 
Sectionalism  is  arming  for  a  strng^^  oi 
life  or  death.  No  sane  man  imagines 
that  success,  in  any  of  her  designs,  is  con- 
sistent with  the  stability  of  the  Union. 
When  the  North  shall  repudiate  her 
constitutional  obligations,  by  repealing  an 
act  to  carry  into  efiect  one  of  the  funda- 
mental provisions  of  the  Constitution— 
when  the  defunct  restrictive  policy  of 
excluding  us  and  ours  from  the  common 
territory  of  the  Union  shall  be  revived 
— when  the  covenant  with  Texas  shall 
be  ignored — and  the  hand  of  feUowship 
be  refused  to  an  incipient  State,  nnlMS 
she  reiects  our  social  polity — when  thus 
a  circle  of  fire  is  forming  around  ns,  and 
the  preponderance  of  the  hireling  States 
to  an  extent  sufficient  to  amend  the 
Constitution,  and  invest  the  Federal 
GK>vemment  with  control  over  our  in- 
stitutions— ensured  at  no  distant  day — 
when  all,  or  either  of  these  events  ^all 
occQr,  the  time  for  separation  will  have 
more  than  arrived.  K  upon  them  or 
either  of  them  our  Northern  brethren 
are  madly  bent,  we  had  better  part,  while 
we  may  part  in  peace.  ^*  Let  there  be 
DO  strife  between  our  people  and  your 
people,  for  we  be  brethren.  Is  not  the 
whole  land  before  us?  Separate  your- 
selves from  us.  Oo  you  to  the  North, 
and  we  will  go  to  tlie  South." 

But  we  are  not  despondent  Onr  oon- 
fidence  in  the  ultimate  decision  of  the 
Northern  masses  is  still  unshaken. 
There  is  too  much  of  sound  and  practi- 
cal sense  in  this  Union  to  permit  a  aanti- 


imL] 


Tlth(3mm*$  Sp^^stfn, 


I 


ineQtAi  Abitraotbn  to  shiver  it  Into  trȤ- 
meoI«.  In  llii"^  aoWf  »e<;onii  thooglit  af 
t)io  jeoiitanry  of  Uie  kod,  ia  iu  liom. 
and  will  bo  lu  Mjvatioti,  Tho  Olil 
Gaord  In  ti|>  hnd  doing.  Strcing  in  tho 
ittb^r^Tif  jfii!t^?o  of  ihdr  eiiu*tt,  Ui&y 
grr  ^  one*  raor©  Lo  tlirultle 

i!  soopd.     With  uuwiiyer* 

tug  ^^iTp,  in  Uio  ooiiid»mt  expecUtiOQ  of 


oertaia  triutnpb,  thej-  press  bolJl/  on* 
ward,  bearing  in  ibo  advaneo  tbo  lim^ 
hooored  Imnn^r  of  th©  Ri^pobMc,  radiant 
wirb  the  gathered  gloHeei  of  the  put^ 
and  floggc^tiTe  of  still  more  u  a  fad  i  off 
glorj  in  the  futare^  eoiblafoned  witK 
die  aiinple,  but  august  derioe — Tun  Oon- 
fitrrtiTioH  AND  THi  Ukiost  I 


TITBOTTOIf'S     SPECTACLBS. 


PRDB  and  I  do  not  «int«!rlain  ia«<;h; 
our  tt!f»ftuii  ftirbid  it.    In  trtJtbt  oth«P 
(H  rruln    for    u».      W©  ei^oy 

tl  ultty   of  wiilch   no   tuccaxint 

U  maiuv  Ww  mie  tiic  aha w.  And  hear 
tile  mn»lc,  and  MmelJ  ih«  llow«rs  of 
mat  fet»uirkii?is  ttstlng  u  \i  were  th# 
diipplogH  (^m  ridi  disb&a*  Our  own 
tjjt*..,^  -.^rnt^  la  remarkab1>-  plain, 
oi;  ^,  aveii  on  itate  oocarfon*, 

an  J    in    keeging^    and    alm*it 

onr  only  goaitt  fa  Titbottom.  I  ] 
a  liandful  of  romst  an  I  oome  tip  IV 
the  QfDc«^  jj«rb(ip«,  and  Frne  arrmugwi 
thorn  no  protlily  tn  a  gla^  difth  for  tba 
c«ntfi»  of  the  Ubl0»  tfiftt  cTcn  wh^n  I 
have  hurried  out  to  i?o(^  Anri-llfi  Rtcp  tiUO 
her  oafriup  to  r  ,  I  bnve 

tluMlghl   thst  til  cnrricH) 

wii  not  more  bcfiittmir  t  >  o  it  mu 
mor©  ooaU^.  I  granl  tljui  i'  u  .  ruiro 
fin—  -"-'■      -^^*     *    ■  '     uily 

](^  ^  !  I  rfcv«  »eati  to  ofUn  wst4!h  - 

in  .  wT'";    twT'K*   iirf]jiin<^>nti 

b*  nsth 

iha  would  alw  nelcTi 
nottfgajr  of  rofM  was  n 
thdr  tabbf  a«  hrf  oA  .>u- 

rih  f<»f Wpk»lf     I  (in 

f.     Itli 


At 

V  nav.  iny 

ill 

■t.    If  J 

ai-^    .... — , 
•mballlatitd    we 
Ifoldarj  anrl  v 
iX4|itK«lto  e) 
BM  ona  of  t^ 

wHhont  thanking  God  for  tti©  vision, — 
if  T  tbdtight  that  ihh  wan  all,  and  that 
tindernoiith  her  lace  Honnees  and  diamond 
bnusdets,  Anrelia  wa»  a  follun,  idfiidi 
wu!  '       '    '  >>utd  turn  sadtjr  homt- 

Wft  i  f^c*^  ibat  her  j«w«li 

wr!  -in  ihf»  i>l>jr*!t  thaj 

a<  ] '  -  < '  ?*  w  i?ro  of  a  more 

iiij...  Mv     ,■.!.. ..v..    Uitth    tls«  woman 
whom  ibi^T  mcTfTj  lont^bi^l  with  asu|>«r* 
fre  i  ril  t-rarV*     It  wonld  bo  Hko  a  gidlj 
d  niatiidottfn,~1)riglit  to  laa,  bA 
:  r!  dAfk  wlUjin. 

.f5w,    my  d^ar  Prue:" 
r  V  myj^elf  to  nay^  **ll# 

€onc!i^lvd  In  tti«»  dt^ptbji  of  ebaraotMr^ 
liku  pL'arb  at  thn  bottom  of  tho  Mea. 
Utjitor  thi*  b  Sighing,  glancmg  »urfaoo,  how 
litll*^  tbtn  %rn  snspc€tc^dI  rorhapn  lo?a 
b  r  '       \jin  tho  dght  of  tbom 

hy  Ifi^noo   ff«r^   manSi 

mUi:i>:.  It  i,|4  io  Ik> aii  ^^nlifmfi  tn  tfary* 
birtlv  clif .  I  have  no  doubt  that  whan 
Ayrvlia  is  engifiHl,  pooplo  wjU  nay  thai 
^be  h  a  ^mitt  admirahla  girl^  o«rtalnij; 
liUt  tln^v  I  innot  iiiidAr?iTAn>1  ^liv  stny 
m:;.  'ks  in  lore  if 

If  ner^pinary  r  mi! 

ke  a  buy  why  liiidB  a 

M^  ftrtat^and  wondcra 

««  niuiili  th£»L  oiaefji  dM  not  w%r  it  a«  thai 

bf  »)id,  will  Iri'itibit*  iintl!  h**  kiM»w#  hb 

.■•-*\ 
va 

wno    run-  'ly 

iif  ao  tinwi 

Prn«,'*  r  cor 

who  1  ..1 . .. 

mv 

an 

allow  ni  ^1  fmj 

bo  Qilin  ^<  ^  ^antiitig; 


vol.  IT.^ 


MO 


TUbaUm's  Speeiacki. 


[Dec 


If  you  tell  me  that  Anrelia  is  but  a  giddy 

gri,  I  shall  believe  that  yoa  think  so. 
ot  I  sh^l  know,  all  the  while,  what 
profound  dignity,  and  sweetness,  and 
peace,  lie  at  the  foundation  of  her 
character/* 

I  say  such  things  to  Titbottom  during 
the  dull  season  at  the  ofSce.  And  I  have 
known  him  sometimes  to  reply  with  a 
kind  of  dry,  sad  humor,  not  as  if  he  en- 
ioye<l  the  joke,  but  as  if  the  joke  must 
be  made,  that  he  saw  no  reason  why  I 
shouUi  be  dull  because  the  season  was  so. 

"  And  what  do  I  know  of  Aurelia  or 
any  other  girl?"  he  says  to  me,  with  that 
abstracted  air;  ^*I,  whose  Aureliaa 
were  of  another  century  and  another 
jEone." 

Then  he  falls  into  a  silence  which  it 
teems  quite  profane  to  interrupt.  But 
«8  we  sit  upon  our  high  stools  at  the 
desk  opposite  each  other,  I  leaning  upon 
inv  elbows  and  looking  at  him ;  he,  with 
mdelong  face,  glancing  out  t if  the  window, 
as  if  it  commanded  a  boundless  land- 
Bcape,  instead  of  a  dim,  dingy  office  court, 
I  cnniiot  refrain  from  saying : 

"Well!" 

He  turns  slowly,  and  I  go  chatting  on, 
— a  litile  too  loquacious,  perhaps,  about 
those  young  girls.  But  1  know  that 
Titbottom  regards  such  an  excess  as 
venial,  for  his  sadness  is  so  sweet  that 
you  could  believe  it  the  reflection  of  a 
smile  from  long,  long  years  ago. 

One  day,  after  I  had  been  talking  for 
a  long  time,  and  we  had  put  up  our 
books,  and  were  preparing  to  leave,  he 
stood  for  some  time  by  the  window, 
gazing  with  a  drooping  intentness,  as  if 
he  really  saw  something  more  than  the 
dark  c<iurt,  and  said  slowly: 

"Perhaps  yon  would  have  different 
impressions  of  thing-*,  if  you  saw  them 
tlirough  my  spectacles." 

There  was  no  change  in  his  expres- 
sion. He  still  looked  from  the  window, 
and  I  said : 

*'  Titbottom,  I  did  not  know  that  you 
used  glasses.  I  have  never  seen  you 
wejiring  spectacles." 

"  No,  I  don't  often  wear  them.  I  am 
not  very  f<md  of  hH)king  through  them. 
But  sometimes  an  irresistible  necessity 
compels  me  to  put  them  on,  and  I  can- 
not help  seeing." 
Titbottom  sighed. 

"  Is  it  so  grievous  a  fate,  to  see  ?"  in- 
quired I. 

"Yea;  through  my  spectacles,^'  be 
itid,  turning  nlowly  ^nd  looking  at  me 
villi  wan  eoienmity. 


It  grew  dark  as  we  stood  in  the  office 
talking,  and  taking  our  hats  we  went  out 
together.  The  narrow  street  of  buMuess 
was  deserted.  The  heavy  iron  sliutters 
were  ghjomily  ch>sed  over  the  windows. 
From  one  or  two  offices  struggled  the 
dim  gleam  of  an  early  candle,  by  whose 
light  some  perplexed  accountant  sat  be- 
lated, and  hunting  for  his  error.  A 
careless  clerk  passed,  whistling.  But  the 
great  tide  of  life  had  ebbed.  We  heard 
its  roar  far  away,  and  the  sound  stole 
into  that  Filent  street  like  tlie  murmur 
of  the  ocean  into  an  inland  dell. 

"  Yon  will  come  and  dine  with  us,  Tit- 
bottom ?" 

He  assented  by  continuing  to  walk 
with  me,  and  I  think  we  were  both  frkd 
when  we  reached  the  house,  and  Prue 
came  to  meet  us,  saying : 

"  Do  you  know  I  hoped  you  would 
bring  Mr.  Titbottom  to  dine?" 

Titbottom  smiled  gently,  and  an- 
swered : 

"  He  might  have  brought  his  specta- 
cles with  him,  and  I  have  been  a  happier 
man  for  it." 

Prue  looked  a  little  puzzled. 

"My  dear,"  I  said,  "you  must  know 
that  our  friend,  Mr.  Titbottom,  is  the 
happy  possessor  of  a  pair  of  wonderful 
spectacles.  I  have  never  seen  them,  in- 
deed ;  and,  from  what  he  says,  I  should 
be  rather  afraid  of  being  seen  by  them. 
Most  short-sighted  persons  are  very  jrlad 
to  have  the  help  of  glasses ;  but  Mr. 
Titbottom  seems  to  find  very  little  pleas- 
ure in  his." 

"  It  is  because  they  make  him  too  far- 
sighted,  perhaps,"  interrupted  Prue  qui- 
etly, as  she  took  the  silver  soup-ladle 
from  the  sideboard. 

We  sipped  our  wine  after  dinner,  and 
Prue  took  her  work.  Can  a  man  be  too 
far-sighted  ?  I  did  not  ask  the  Question 
aloud.  The  very  tone  in  whicli  Prue 
had  spoken,  convinced  me  that  he  might. 

"  At  least,"  I  said,  "  Mr.  Titbottom 
will  not  refuse  to  tell  us  the  history  of 
his  mysterious  spectacles.  I  have  known 
plenty  of  magic  in  eyes  (and  I  glanced 
at  tlie  tender  blue  eyes  of  Prue),  but  I 
have  not  heard  of  any  enchanted  glass- 
es." 

"  Yet  you  must  have  seen  the  glass  in 
which  your  wife  looks  every  morning, 
and  I  take  it,  that  glass  must  be  daily 
enchanted,"  said  Titbottom,  with  a  bow 
of  qn»nt  respect  to  my  wife. 

I  do  not  think  I  have  seen  such  ablush 
\ipon  Prue's  cheek  since — ^weU,  since  a 
great  many  years  ago. 


Tithoitom*9  Specii 


mt 


**  I  will  gU6]j  tetl  jon  the  history  of 

ny  ijpcctricKV' I'vgiui  TiilKJttt-m.    "It 

vi*ry  itttnpk^ ;  and  1  uiri  tiot  At  di  »ur« 

ftbrtt  ft  irreat  nmuy  ttilii^riieohlo  huve  nut 

^m  pftiriif  tlKf  bAmc  kind.     I  Lave   ijever, 

lodi.'f^!,  hHkJrd  ut  them  by  iho  gi^jfs^  like 

of  til©  Vu  ar  lit  In  lacr,  1  tlihik 

'  I  wcirld.  It  h  a  kind  of  artidc  faf 
ilch  tlwdeiimtid  di><;r*  liui  inere&^o  with 
iiM«H  If  wo  Kliauld  lit)  wi-ar  if>«€ttieles 
Jikfl  mine,  we  nlioiild  iievor  siuUe  ooy 
lnon\  Dr — I  am  not  ciuit«  bhps — w© 
•bould  ail  be  very  happy. 

**  A  v«ry  innwrtaat  'diffisf^noet,"  said 
Prne,  oouuting  her  ^iitchai, 

"  Yuii  know  my  grandfather  Tifbot* 

torn  wo-*  Ji  Wi'»t  Indian.     A  largw  pro- 

pri«|r»r,  and  na  emy  mjinf  lia  beu^krd  ia 

h«  tro|iica]  sun,  leading  hii  qtilei,  luiu* 

■  riouA   hfe,      H«  lived  mueh  nltm^p^  and 

'lKns  whiit  pi?opIe  tiall  ©C5<!ffniric,  by  which 

[1    utniersttttid   ihttt   be  wju  veiy  iimch 

[IhiiHi'lf,  andf  refuel dl^  thv  influent-'^  of 

>  ether  |>eo{iks  ihey  hail  thejr  UtUe  rev  en* 

i  gtv^  nrnl  CJilU'd  hlin  natni.'$.     It  b  A  h&bit 

[tot  ticlu>ivdy  tropical,    I  think  1  \mve 

i  thtf  Mil  1115  ill  tug  wm  hi  tlib  city. 

}Qi  he  WB^  KJ'eaity  bcl<"ved— my  bland 

[itid  hiiitntifnl  giandfiither,    lie  wa^*  no 

Llargc»'hcftrtedf    and    open-handed,      llo 

p%ji«tQ  friendly,  jmd  tliougluful,  and  g^ 

biid,  Umt  irven  Jiia  jokes  had  the  air  of 

r  (rii e« til  L  beiied i cc iu n t(«     H e  d  i d  ou t  ieem 

%o  gi'ow  tdi),  iind   he   Waa  one  of  thi:i»# 

who  ncv* ;  to   have  hc^n   v*ry 

t  Youngs     ]  >  liHJ  fn  a  fierennial  lua^ 

liirliy,  an  lunsu^^ciu  iidddW^age. 

'*  My  ^and father  lived  upon  one  of 
tlie  MiimiT  i^lALid*,  Si.  Kit\  t>erhop«^  and 
Ihh  diiriialn  ext^mled  to  tli^  aeft*    Hitt 
diUMi  a  ranihling  W^t  IndUn  niaosUiDi 
vii   anrro undid    wiili   dvt>p^    njmdf^tu 
t  oovfted  wltFt  luiurioim  lounge 
piiitong  whidi  une  cupadituti  oliair  wav 
cu)tar»et?it,    Th«y  tell  me  he  iim4 
tiineK  U*  ftit  thf'fe  fur  tlie  whole  dayi 
,  M>fl,  brow  I)  eym  tiLAtenetl  npi^a 
(WatGhilig  th«  fl[irek»  of  «aiU  Uiat 
Vpon    the   (iiin£<^»n,    wldle    Uie 
i^^iii  i  haH»d  4'ach  oth«r 
lui  If  it  ri^ficcLod  tha 
him.     tl!« 
>.'  ill  e«iun|f- 


1 

Lgreji' 


ilLiM. 


►r  hour*,  with  hjft  handa 

^  hiuh 

,       ,,-   ->pro- 


'^Sficiety,  of  eonfw,  hi  ww  littlt. 
TUore  wflji  tinne  f^light  appraheuHion  thai 
if  ht»  wem  bidden  to  luxsial  entertain  i 
]nenCp»,  he  n»ight  forget  hij  cKiat,  or  arHva  ' 
wlthant  miuie  oiher  et^entlal  part  of  bia 
dr^ia ;  and  there  i^  a  ^ly  tradition  ia  th# 
TitboUotn  family,  tlmt,  haring  been  io- 
vlted  to  a  ball  in  honor  of  the  new  gor^ 
ei  nor  of  the^  inland,  my  grand  rather  Tit* 
botioiF  .muntered  into  iJie  hall  tavrards 
Utaitight,  wrapped  in  tha  gi>rgeona 
flott'ersi  of  hi«  dres»lng-g*>wnt  and  with 
iiU  hands  buried  io  tb^  nr^rL-.t*^  tu  usual, 
There    was  great  e^^  ,    and  im- 

iuense  deprecation  *!    ,  atrial  ire^ 

But  it  hutipenc^d  that  the  gorernnr  and 
my  gtandfaiher  were  old  friends,  and 
theru  wast  no  otlence.  But  an  tlitjr  iiwi 
Gonver^iiig  togeiher,  one  of  the  diitraiaid 
managera  caat  indignant  gUnoea  at  iha 
bdlNant  {MMlQioe  ot  my  grand  Eat  her,  who 
tummnned  him,  and  aaked  oourte9ii«l|' ; 

"  *  Did  you  inrite  me  or  toy  coat  I' 

"  *  You,  in  a  |>nipar  ooat,*  replied  tJit 
manajfer. 

''Tho  governor  tmiTed  approvingly^ 
and  IfKikiid  at  my  coind  lather, 

*' '  My  friend,'  said  he  to  the  managar, 
*■  I  beg  )  onr  pardon,  I  forgot/ 

^Tke  next  day,  tny  grand  Either  waa 
■eon  promenading  in  t'ltll  ball  draai  alua^ 
tlie  itrects  of  Ui«  little  town. 

^'  *  They  ought  to  know^'  aaid  ho,  *  that 
[  have  a  proper  iioat,  and  tliat  not  con- 
tempt nor  jKJv^rty*  but  forgetfulnaaaf 
ient  me  to  a  ball  in  my  dreaiKlrig^gofrn/ 

^' Jle  did  n^^t  mudi  freqttent  aodtl 
fe»itival»  afier  thU  idiluna,  but  he  alwaya 
tohl  tiie  «tory  with  HatiafacUon  and  m 
quhi  jitoile. 

**  To  a  iitranger,  Mtm  upon  tbona  llttla 
bilandi)  i^  untfiinu  even  to  waartaaa^, 
But  the  old  nativti  d''^'"  ii^>»  m^v  grmod- 
father,  Hpcn  in  the  [  ^unaldM^ 

like  the  turtle  npoti  c  <  j»a  baafci^ 
aor  know  o(  «iiBteitc^  miira  dia«rab1e. 
Life  in  tli«  trfif»[e»,  I  [aka  to  bo  a  pladil 
torpidity.  Durlnjc  the  long,  warm  mtim- 
iags  of  nearly  half  a  eentnry,  my  granil* 
father  Tit  ho  Horn  had  Nit  in  hU  driNialng- 
gown,  and  gased  at  the  vea.  But  out 
edm  Jatie  uay,  aa  he  slowly  paced  tbt 
pia^aa  altar  hr rakfa^t,  hi*  ilreaitiy  glanes 
«fli»  arraatad  by  a  liula  vee^l,  avideotlr 
nt'aring  tJta  iliore.  Ha  callail  for  lib 
ipygia^  and  mtrveylng  the  craft,  mw 
that  iJie  oeme  fruiti  tJie  neigk boring 
bland*  Hl>e  glidvd  ■^otMithly,  nlhiwly, 
over  the  tamiatr  laa*  Tha  warm  laorft* 
ing  air  was  evrect  wtUi  parfumaM^  aad 
MJcnt  with  hmx.  The  *ea  *parklail 
languidly,  and  tha  brill  Ian  t  blue  hutw  ^ 
cbudletily  afir«    Bimm  of  Littla  UImmL* 


:«2 


TitboiUm's  Spectacles. 


[Dec 


^liMiels  had  my  grandfather  seen  come 
'over  the  horizon,  and  cast  anchor  in  the 
port.  HQndreda  of  snmmer  mornings 
had  the  white  sails  flashed  and  faded, 
Bke  Tagne  faces  through  forgotten 
dreams.  Bnt  this  time  he  laid  down 
the  spyglass,  and  leaned  against  a 
oolnmn  of  tlie  piazza,  and  watched  the 
Tossel  with  an  intentness  that  he  conld 
aot  explain.  She  oame  nearer  and 
Boarer,  a  graceful  spectre  in  the  dazzling 
Morning. 

'^  *'  De^dedly  I  must  step  down  and  see 
abont  that  ressel,*  said  my  grandfather 
ntbottom. 

*^He  gathered  his  ample  dressing^wn 
abont;  him,  and  stepped  from  the  piazza 
with  no  other  protection  from  the  son 
than  the  little  smoking  cap  npon  his 
h6ad.  His  &oo  wore  a  cahn  beaming 
•Diile,  as  if  he  approved  of  all  the  world. 
He  was  not  an  old  man,  but  there  was 
almost  a  patriarchal  pathos  in  his  ex- 
pression as  he  sauntered  idong  in  the 
■anshine  towards  the  shore.  A  group  of 
idle  gazers  was  collected  to  watch  the 
arrival.  The  little  vessel  farled  her 
sails  and  drifted  slowly  landward,  and  as 
she  was  of  very  light  draft,  she  came 
oloae  to  the  shelvinjO^  shore.  A  lon^ 
phink  was  put  out  ^om  her  side,  and 
the  debarkation  commenced.  My  grand- 
father Titbottom  stood  looking  on  to 
see  the  passengers  descend.  There  were 
bat  a  few  of  them,  and  mostly  traders 
from  the  neighboring  island.  But  sud- 
denly the  face  of  a  young  girl  appeared 
over  the  side  of  the  vessel,  and  she 
stepped  upon  the  plank  to  descend. 
My  grandfather  Titbottom  instantly  ad- 
vanced, and  moving  briskly  reached  the 
top  of  the  plank  at  the  same  moment, 
aad  with  the  old  tassel  of  his  cap  flash- 
ing in  the  sun,  and  one  hand  in  the 
pocket  of  his  dressing  gown,  with  the 
other  he  handed  the  young  lady  care- 
fully down  the  plank.  That  young  lady 
was  afterwards  my  grandmother  Tit- 
bottom. 

"And  so,  over  the  gleaming  sea  which 
he  had  watclied  so  long,  aod  which 
seemed  thus  to  reward  his  patient  gaze, 
cam  e  his  bride  that  sunoy  morning. 

**'0f  course  we  are  happy,'  he  used 
to  say:  *For  you  are  the  gift  of  the 
san  I  have  loved  so  long  and  so  well.' 
And  my  grandfather  Titbottom  would 
lay  his  hand  so  tenderly  upon  the  golden 
hidr  of  his  young  brida,  that  you  could 
CMioy  him  a  devout  rftrsee  caressing 


;    ^  There  were  endless  festiviUee  upon 
owMioii  of  flie  omriage;  and  my  fpwA* 


father  did  not  go  to  one  of  them  in  hia 
dressing-gown.  The  gentle  sweetness 
of  his  wife  melted  every  heart  into  love 
and  sympathy.  He  was  much  older 
^than  she,  without  doubt  But  age,  as 
he  used  to  say  with  a  smile  of  immortal 
youth,  is  a  matter  of  feeling,  not  of 
vears.  And  if^  sometimes,  as  she  sat  by 
his  side  upon  the  piazza,  her  fancy 
looked  through  her  eyes  npon  that  sum- 
mer sea  and  saw  a  younger  lover,  per- 
haps some  one  of  those  graceftil  and 
glowing  heroes  who  occupv  the  fore- 
ground of  all  young  maidens'  visions  by 
the  sea,  yet  she  could  not  find  one  more 
generous  and  gracious,  nor  fancy  one 
more  worthy  and  lovins  than  my  grand- 
father Titbottom.  And  if  in  the  moon- 
lit midnight,  while  he  lay  calmly  sleep- 
ing, she  leaned  out  of  the  window  and 
sank  into  vague  reveries  of  sweet  pos- 
sibility, and  watched  the  gleaming  path 
of  the  moonlight  upon  the  water,  undl 
the  dawn  glided  over  it — ^it  was  only 
that  mood  of  nameless  regret  and  long- 
ing, which  underlies  all  human  hap- 
piness,—or  it  was  the  vision  of  that 
life  of  society,  which  she  had  never  seen, 
but  of  which  she  had  often  read,  and 
which  looked  very  fur  and  alluring 
across  the  sea  to  a  girlish  imagination 
which  linew  that  it  should  never  know 
that  reality. 

*'  These  West  Indian  years  were  the 
great  days  of  the  family,"  said^Titbot- 
tom,  with  an  air  of  mfyestic  and  regal 
regret,  pausing  and  musing  in  our  little 
parlor,  nke  a  late  Stuart  in  exile,  remem- 
bering England.  Prue  raised  her  eyes 
from  her  work,  and  looked  at  him  with 
a  subdued  admiration ;  for  I  have  observ- 
ed that,  like  the  rest  of  her  sex,  she  has 
a  singular  sympathy  with  the  represent- 
ative of  a  reduced  family.  Perhaps  it 
is  their  finer  perception  which  leads 
these  tender-hearted  women  to  recognize 
the  divine  right  of  social  superiority  so 
much  more  readily  than  we ;  and  yet, 
much  as  Titbottom  was  enhanced  in  my 
wife's  admiration  by  the  discovery  that 
his  dusky  sadness  of  nature  and  expres- 
sion was,  as  it  were,  the  expiring  g^eam 
and  late  twilight  of  ancestral  splendors, 
I  doubt  if  Mr.  Bourne  would  hare  pre- 
ferred him  for  bookkeeper  a  moment 
sooner  upon  that  account.  In  truth,  I 
have  observed,  down  town,  that  the  Hct 
of  your  ancestors  doing  nothing  is  not 
considered  good  proof  that  you  can  do 
anything.  But  l4iie  and  her  sex  regard 
senUment  more  than  aotiOD,  and  I  noder- 
Btand  easily  enough  why  abe  is  nevw 
tiled  of  hearing  me  read  of  Prinee 


1tW4.1 


^TiwOtw^M  f  0pitutt.*4t, 


%m 


barllo,     If  TttboUomhid  Iweii  only  « 

lj«  fotingvr^  »  Uida  handsotii«r,  a  UiUo 

{tpore  giUIiitiily  dneflsid — in  fkei^  ft  little 

ure  of  tbe  PntLoe  OliarUei  I  Am  #iire 

ejet  wtmU  ut>t  htv^e  Mlea  ngiin 

oti  ovr  work  60  trinquillj,  m  L«  r«- 

a«d  bb  sUiry. 

_       *  1  cfto  remember  roy  graadfatber  Tit* 

^J^atUiiiXf  AlihiiugU  1  Wftii  a  visrj  youp^ 

'Lllil,  ftfui  he  was  a  verjokJ  m&D.    My 

dung    taotiier  add  my   VQitof  ^riA^ 

DUMBr  am  very  dbtinot  figaPia  m  my 

tiry,  Tt-  i-'*^--:;^  to  the  nUl  geiiCk^ 

J  wn\  ^  drtaalAf-gowD,  aud 

ated  ttf^ut.        ,  ..^zsa.    I  r0Lisi«izib«r  lib 

rbdta  hair  ojid  his  calm  urn  lie,  and  how, 

ot  Long  b«?for«  he  died,  b«  oali^  tue  ta 

blin.  &iid  kytfig  lik  band  o^ii  o^  b«ad, 

itld  to  me: 

^  'Mj  oblld,  tba  world  It  not  thie 
piat  iUMiy  pijuza,  uur  life  the  fairy 
Muf  iea  whicb  ibe  women  tell  you  hem 
m  yom  ait  ill  their  bpa.  I  ahmlf  totm  W 
fCNUki  but  1  want  ta  loave  with  you  WMne 
nem^iita  of  my  tuve  fur  you,  and  I 
kiow  notblug  mgri  vaJoable  tban  Ui«ie 
meUdwn,  wblcb  jour  graadniothar 
DroQibt  f rom  her  nauroyand,  when  aha 
irrived  bttreoue  fine  fatnaier  morning, 
long  igow  I  c»auot  quite  tell  wbetbar, 
wbwi  yiMi  mw  oldif,  yon  wtU  rttgird  it 
aa  A  pilt  of  the  gpwteet  Taliie  or  ma  mtu^'- 
Kblug  that  yon  had  been  happier  ncfer 
to  have  poi^dtieed.^ 
**'Bui  graiidpapA,  I  am  no4  ah<irt* 

***Myaonfara  yon  nothninanr  aaid 
tba  dd  gtotktDAii  \.  auii  how  Uudl  I  aTcf 
Idfget  the  ibonghtfal  aadneait  wkh  which, 
at  ihe  aame  time  he  banded  me  the 
■peotaislea. 

*>  Inaiijietlvely  I  put  them  on.  and 
lonkad  at  my  grantlfatber.  Bnl  t  aaw 
■O  gnmd^ber,  no  piatxa,  no  flowered 
Arpjin^ffiwn;  l  «ftw  oidy  a  loxuiiajifi 
pdjiklraai  wftviof  Waadly  avac  %  tnui- 
^^  laijdktaita.  Ptaa^iant  homaa  olua^ 
Gardeni  ieemlr)g  with 
S  tioek*  i|uietly  fading; 
and  ekifinng,  [  heajil 
'  %  and  Uie  low  It^llaby  of 
Wrft.  Theeouud  of  cheerfbl 
uie  walLod  from  distJuit  delda 
ou  Ujc  built  bree£«».  ^ 
[if UriiiHJ  t*oi  i»f  siitht,  ail' 
fu»tling  wliii»|H  1     " 

II. . . .,  _ <,  ..,  , 


terei! 
^nil 


Oitlr 


<^hi 

nU  thia  , 
to  How  ^ 


the  «preading  palm  m  ftom  a  fonn- 
tain. 

**  I  do  not  know  how  long  I  looked* 
but  I  hid,  apjiart-ntly,  no  powor^  aa  1 
had  uo  will,  to  remove  the  ipeotacleii. 
What  a  wouderful  ieland  mtiai  Nevis  be, 
thought  ft  if  people  oarry  such  piotoree 
Id  their  jiock(?ta,  only  by  buying  a  pair 
of  tpectadee!  What  wondar  that  my 
dear  grandinuther  Titbottam  ba^  liv«^ 
lucb  a  placid  liri\  aod  baa  hleaaed  us  ill 
with  bef  sunny  temper,  when  aho  hiM 
lived  surronudod  by  viich    ImigQe   of 

''My  granafatber  died.  But  etlU,  la 
the  warm  innrning  inoabiae  npno  tbi 
piasza,  I  f^lt  hin  plaoid  prawnoe,  and  ' 
tti  I  c^rawkd  iuto  hia  ^rroat  obalf^  and 
drifted  on  in  r«v#rie  through  tbe  attU 
tjriiplcttl  day,  it  wna  ns  U  hin  eetfl 
dreamy  eye  had  paas«d  Iuto  my  sotiA. 
My  grandiiiottier  eberinbed  bis  nietniiy 
with  lendtr  tf^U  A  violent  paMiM 
of  grlfif  for  bifl  loss  waa  no  tnoro  po^ 
ilble  ihoti  for  the  penejre  deoty  of  tlie 
year*  We  have  no  portrait  of  htm^ 
but  I  see  alw^^  wbon  1  rsmember 
htm,  that  peaceAil  and  lunuruyil  palm. 
And  I  think  thai  to  havo  kuown  one 
good  old  maih'-'uoe  man  who,  lbTOU|li 
tba  ebmoii  iad  raba  of  t  toif  lUi^ 
baa  oattittl  Ula  heart  In  bla  band^  like 
a  palm  biaudj,  waviug  all  di^«ordji  tnt<i 
peaeap  helps  our  faith  in  iK>d^  in  onr- 
idvQ4,  auJ  in  eatib  other,  more  lliab 
nmijy  ipertnuii9«  1  hatiJty  know  whether 
to  be  grateful  to  my  gra  nd  fathi^r  for  tba 
•peetaola*;  and  yvt  whun  ]  remember 
Uiat  It  ia  to  Uiem  I  owe  tbe  r'mam 
tina^  of  hitn  which  I  cherish,  I  ■§•«  ta 
myeelf  sadly  uni^atuful. 

"^  Madam,''  laJd  Titbottom  to  Prua, 
auleninly,  **  my  iiitftiiory  h  a  long  and 
gloomy  gallery,  and  only  remotely,  at 
ita  further  end,  do  I  too  tba  gUmmor 
of  HtH  annayiMV  and  only  there  if» 
llie  pk'n^nl  tTktufes  hanic  Tbev  seem 
to  mi«  !iy  ^ilofii?  ^^  '](irf 

the  itiin  Lii]tf  to  th  ide^ 

atriking  all  the  piotured  waU«  biio  ua- 
tkding  ttpler^dor. 

Prno  bail  Uid  h^  work  In  her  Up,  and 

ia  TitlMittoni   [iau.iiod  a  morneut,  and  I 

turned  tovrard*   her,  t  found  her  mild 

ej'oe  fastiuied  u|hiii  iisy  fo^Hi,  and  glbbsn* 

'   '  v|ipy  tean. 

mm  of  many  kladt  oame 
u^^>us  M[Hiij  tl^e  ftlni^  -^'—  *"'-  k"^  '" 
was  gittie  Ttie  gn^a' 
qnSibe4l  My  parenu  -..^  ...  l,._lJ, 
and  my  |rru.iidfriuiber  bad  entire  oliarip 
of  me.    l^ni  from  tiie  moment  Uitt  I  r^ 


•54 


Titbottam's  SpeetaehM. 


[Deo 


oeiired  the  gift  of  the  spectacles,  I  could 
ifot  resist  their  fascination,  and  I  with- 
drew into  myself,  and  became  a  solitary 
boy.  There  were  not  many  companions 
for  me  of  my  own  age,  and  they  gradually 
left  me,  or,  at  least,  had  not  a  hearty 
8ymf)athy  with  me;  for  if  they  teased  me 
I  pulled  oat  my  spectacles  and  surveyed 
them  so  seriously  that  they  acquired  a 
kind  of  awe  of  me,  and  evidently  regarded 
my  grandfather^  gift  as  a  concealed  ma- 
gical weapon  which  might  be  danger- 
ously drawn  upon  them  at  any  moment. 
Whenever,  in  our  games,  there  were 
ouarrels  and  high  words,  and  I  began  to 
ieel  about  my  dress  and  to  wear  a  grave 
look,  they  all  took  the  alarm,  and  shouted, 
*Look  out  for  Titbottom^s  spectacles,' 
and  scattered  like  a  flock  of  scared 
theep. 

**  Nor  could  I  wonder  at  it.  For,  at 
first,  befi»re  they  took  the  alarm,  I  saw 
strange  sights  when  I  looked  at  them 
through  tlie  glasses.  If  two  were  quar- 
relling about  a  marble  or  a  ball,  I  had 
only  to  go  behind  a  tree  where  I  was 
ooncealed  and  look  at  tliem  leisure- 
ly. Tlien  the  scene  changed,  and  no 
longer  a  green  meadow  with  boys  play- 
ing, but  a  spot  which  I  did  not  recog- 
Dize,  and  forms  that  made  me  shud- 
der or  smile.  It  was  not  a  big  boy 
bullying  a  little  one,  but  a  young  wolf 
with  glistening  teeth  and  a  lamb  cower- 
ing before  him ;  or,  it  was  a  dog  faithful 
and  famishing — or  a  star  going  slowly 
into  ecli|>se^ — or  a  rainbow  fading— or  a 
flower  blooming — or  a  sun  rising — or  a 
waning  moon.  The  revelations  of  the 
spectacles  determined  my  feeling  for  the 
boys,  and  for  all  whom  I  saw  through 
them.  No  shyness,  nor  awkwardness, 
nor  Mlence,  could  separate  me  from  those 
who  looked  lovely  as  lilies  to  my  illu- 
minated eyes.  But  the  vision  made  me 
afraid.  If  I  felt  myself  warmly  drawn 
to  any  one  I  stniggled  with  the  fierce 
desire  of  seeing  him  through  the  spec- 
tacles. I  longed  to  enjoy  tlie  luxury  of 
ignorant  feeling,  to  love  without  know- 
ing, to  float  like  a  leaf  upon  the  eddies 
of  lift,  drifted  now  to  a  sunny  point, 
now  to  a  solemn  shade — now  over 
glittering  ripples,  now  over  gleaming 
oalms, — and  not  to  detennined  ports,  a 
trim  vessel  with  an  inexorable  rudder. 

**Bnt,  someiimes,  mastered  after  lone 
•Imggles,  I  seized  my  spectacles  and 
nnntered  into  the  little  town.  PutUng 
them  to  my  eyes  I  peered  into  the 
lioviMS  and  at  the  people  who  passed 
am.    Here  sal  a  family  at  break&st,  and 


I  stood  at  the  window  looking  in.  O 
motley  meal!  fant^istio  vision!  The 
good  mother  saw  her  lord  sitting  op- 
posite, a  grave  respectable  being,  eating 
muffins.  But  I  saw  only  a  bank-bill, 
more  or  less  crumpled  and  tattered, 
marked  with  a  larger  or  lesser  figure. 
If  a  sliarp  wind  blow  suddenly,  I  saw  it 
tremble  and  flutter;  it  was  thin,  flat, 
impaloablo.  I  removed  my  glasses,  and 
looked  with  my  eyes  at  the  wife.  I  could 
have  smiled  to  see  the  humid  tenderness 
with  which  (<he  regarded  her  strange 
tu-d-vis.  Is  life  only  a  game  of  blind- 
man's-buff?  of  droll  cross-purposes?  . 

^*  Or  I  put  them  on  again,  and  loolced 
at  the  wife.  How  many  stout  trees  I 
saw, — how  many  tender  flowers, — how 
many  placid  pools ;  yes,  and  how  many 
little  streams  winding  out  of  sight, 
drinking  before  the  large,  hard,  round 
eyes  opposite,  and  slipping  off  into  soli- 
tude and  shade,  with  a  low,  inner  song 
for  their  own  solace.  And  in  many  houses 
I  thought  to  see  angels,  nymphs,  or  at 
least,  women,  and  could  only  find  broom- 
sticks, mops,  or  kettles,  hurrying  about, 
rattling,  tinkling,  in  a  state  of  shrill  ac- 
tivity. I  made  calls  upon  elegant  ladies, 
and  after  I  had  enjoyed  the  gloss  of  silk 
and  the  delicacy  of  lace,  and  the  lush  of 
Jewels,  I  blipped  on  my  spectacles,  and 
saw  a  peacock's  feather,  flounced  and 
furbelowed  and  fluttering;  or  an  iron 
rod,  thin,  sharp,  and  hard ;  nor  oould  I 
possibly  mistake  the  movement  of  the 
drapery  for  any  flexibility  of  the  thing 
draped, — or,  mysteriously  chilled,  I  saw 
a  statue  of  perfect  form,  or  flowing 
movement,  it  might  be  alabaster,  or 
bronze,  or  marble, — but  sadly  often  it 
was  ice;  and  I  knew  that  at'ier  it  had 
shone  a  little,  and  frozen  a  few  eyes  with 
its  despairing  i>erfection,  it  could  not 
be  put  away  in  the  niches  of  palaces  for 
ornament  and  proud  family  tradition, 
like  the  alabaster,  or  bronze,  or  marble 
8tatue<>,  but  would  melt,  and  shrink, 
and  fall  coldly  away  in  colorless  and 
useless  water,  be  absorbed  in  the  earth 
and  utterly  forgotten. 

"  But  the  true  sadness  was  rather  in 
seeing  those  who,  not  having  the  spec- 
tacles, thought  that  the  iron  rod  was 
flexible,  and  the  ice  statue  warm.  I  saw 
many  a  £;ullant  heart,  which  seemed  to 
me  brave  and  loyal  as  the  crusaders  sent 
by  genuine  and  noble  faith  to  8yria  and 
the  sepulchre,  pursuing,  through  days 
and  nights,  and  a  long  lifs  of  devotion, 
the  houe  of  lighting  at  least  a  smile  in 
the  oold  eyes,  if  not  a  Are  in  the  icgr 


TMmom^i  SpmU^hi. 


tWftm    I  watetied  the  earnest,  cnthn«i- 
«tie  Mcriioe.    I  mw  the  pure  rc^til^c, 
'the  gtnierouii   fiiU!i,   the  tine  pt-oni  of 
iHioulfi^  t!i«  hiipulii'DCu  i^f  fiti*<pLoiLm.     I 

devotion.      Thrptigh    tluMic  ^trurt^o 

f  lu'&rt    rencHHR^itJii;    all    t*i\ii^t   Lopo,    &U 

I  olhcf  aKBribitiimT  nil  mhcr  litV,  thati  tim 
]Hia»tblo  li»vo  of  iiitne  on*;  of  tlio^o  sUi- 

i  tiiQii,     All!  UK%  jl  wm  terrlWe,  but  Ibty 
hiul  not  tlR«  Idvt?  to  ^ve,     Tho  |>Arian 

» tt^ro  w^  mi  sorrow  ti|>o a  the  heait, — 

^  and,    drearily    ofUn^  lui    honrt    to    be 

|4iuclii5d.     I  kiald  iKit  wonder  that  tho 

©oble  heart  r»f  df  motion  was  broken,  for 

ll  hjid  dBftUt^d  it^lf  itj^nmsl  a  stt^e.     I 

wopt^  uuEil  my  speotac^li^ii  wcr^  dhinaed 

for  tUiit  hop^ltsaa  mrraw;  but  Utera  wot 

a  pang   be-yood  taara  for  tliose  icy  ita^ 

tt]i?a. 

''Still  a  boVf  I  was  thus  Uio  moeh  & 

'  man  in  knowkHlea, — I  did  not  eampre- 

\haad  ilia  iighia  I  waa  ooinftadtsd  to  i^* 

I I  naed  to  tecir  iny  glaaae*  tkv^'t^y  from  uty 
|t3pM»  flOdt  friglit«Q<9d  at  niys<*ir,  ran  to 

afw  my  own  oi»Di<^ioiwn*?»^,  Hw*ch- 
[  lug  liici  sinail  hooao  whera  wo  thru  Uvch], 
I  ]ihtngx>'1  into  toy  gratiihnoibi*r^«  nrnrn 
IaiiiI^  llirowinif  inyn^lf  ig[>on  tho  floiir, 
^l>urtod  luy  raco  in  hor  Iiiji;  and  ^iubWil 
I  myscU'  to  »l(!j©p  with  premaiure  grief, 
'  But  wh«ti  I  awakened^  mul  tdt  Iwr  cool 
I  liaud  u]ioti  my  hot  foreh^itdf  and  tii^^ird 
iibn  low  »w««t  ioog,  Of  I  ho  l^utlo  ^tor}^ 
lor  the  tcnc!or1y  told  pariible  Iroru  tha 
iBihlet  with  Which  ili<)  trii'd  to  sooLha 
,  I  conld  not  resist  ti*^  mytiic  fancina* 
tint  lur«d  1I1C,  m  I  lay  tn  bitf  lap, 
»lt«ftS  agkuc«  at  her  tbruugh  tlie  afwo* 

**  Pfi9itif«9  of  tlie  Madonna  have  not  ber 
aiid  p^Rniva  beatity.  Upon  tha 
[Imnqnil  little  {jdaitdi  her  Ufa  Hud  baa  a 
ivanUavif  and  all  thi»  Hue  potiMibditifa  of 
l^r  aasiirv  wer«  i^ka  flowam  thai  narar 
IliSocNntfi.  I'lanid  wore  nil  brr  yror*;  yet 
^I  hava  nmd  of  no  hDfotnc*,  of  no  wotuan 
in  vtiddeii  c!fie«««f  timt  it  drd  not 
t  U*  tne  Kh«  ntifflti  have  h«*eii.  Tho 
f^ifo  and  widow  of  a  man  who  lov«d  hip 
fowu  home  bolter  tbtin  ibe  bofuas  of 
'  '  ■  '       '    '  '  n,  no 

I'lj^iri.iiu  i^Pui'teaYf 

^UrftlL«a49d. 

„,..,,  l..«if,i  II  imiw  wife, 

I  whti*a  h«irt  li  yoar 

I  liiL*hAftd*i  )ou'^  WKAn 

[•ou.tttlma*  a  aameliA  in  i»«r  hair,  and  no 
ii*nd  in  Uia  baU*footti  aattxia  to  ootUy 


M  that  Tiorlcct  flowor,  which  woiaon 

tnvy,  auJ  for  who«e  kiist  and  withered 
j>ctal  ini'U  ^Tgh;  yet^  iu  the  Iropk-id  SdU- 
liuli^  ot  iku£ilf  i\i*w  many  a  cuiieha  bud 
drop^  fro 01  a  bit-*fi  that  no  cyo  lm$  itvar 
Boen,  whit^h,  hud  it  tlowerttd  aiiLl  been 
notlc^c^d.  Would  have  gilded  all  hearlA 
with  iirt  HK'iiMry. 

*'  When  I  litolo  tlie^o  furtive  gkneaa 
at  luy  grand  loot  hi^r»  half  foitriiif  tkmi 
tUt^y  were  wrongs,  1  naw  only  a  C'liiui  Lik(\ 
who^e  shurcH  were  Jow^  and  over  whioh 
the  fiky  hung  nnhrokL^n,  90  th^it  tho  teoil 
ator  wjaa  clearly  reflectixi,  Jt  had  an  at- 
tuo^pheru  of  ^^ok^mn  twii^ht  trar>(|nilUiyp 
and  (*o  t5oiupk*loly  did  it^  uiiriitBAHJ  »ar^ 
face  blend  with  rh^  doudle^s  ^Uir-^tuddad 
sky,  tliat,  when  I  1-joked  tli rough  mj 
ajftoetOGles  at  uiy  grand inotlter,  ihu  vi>4oa 
8«etnad  to  ma  id  I  he^iven  and  t*tar*,  Y«l| 
aa  I  gnxed  and  g:i£ud^  I  felt  wlmt  statcl/ 
oJtbi  tnt^dit  well  have  bv^eu  buili  ujion 
tlime  »hore;t,  11  nd  have  flashed  pro>«paritjf 
over  tbecidtn,  like  cornHcaiii»n«  of  iKtorlt. 
I  drifained  tjf  gi+rgcous  tteeU,  i^Uk^'n  «ai]ad 
and  blown  by  jwrfurued  wiudj*,  drjl'ting 
over  tho^  dupthk^t^  wuierti  mid  through 
tho44>  fifmciouii  hkay*^  I  gsucd  n^xin  Urn 
twilji:ht,  the  inst^rnuhltf  tjicnce,  like  a 
God-fearing  discoverer  upon  a  new,  and 
vasf,  and  dim  sen,  bunitiiig  11  [ton  hiui 
throuffli  fore^^f  gloonn^  nn^l  in  Uiv  iervor 
of  who^e  inipn^iotiiw]  gajse,  n  inlElenniiit 
find  ]K>etlc  world  nri?^s  ^^^^  ^^^^^  uaod 
no  long^T  dif  to  be  liappy. 

**My  coinnanionft  ujiturully  de^^erteil" 
me^  for  I  hml  grown  wcartly  gratro  and, 
aWtracteth  und^  miLibk  to  ri»iNi  iha  al* 
liir0niant  of  my  ^iHHtJielei,  I  wa«  eon- 
KtontJy  lost  in  a  world,  of  whieli  tho«« 
0i»mpimhm9  were  p  irt,  yet  of  which  the/ 
knew  nothings  I  gr^w  c^ld  ami  haru, 
a1uii»»f  inort>«e;  ficu.pto  «H)eincd  u*  mm 
blind  and  aur^^a^tinahl^^.  They  did  tli^ 
wrofig  thing.  They  trdtwd  given,  yellow ; 
and  blaeik^  while.  Young  mvu  va^d  of  a 
girl,  *  Wliat  a  lovtly,  i«implii»  creature  I*  I 
tooketh  and  then»  wa^  only  a  glihteaing 
wi»p  olyiraw*  dry  and  boltow,  Urihey 
^i4l,  *  What  a  oold|  proud  bi^itity  3*  I 
kHikiHl,  nod  lo  I  allaAlotina^  whoM^^  hcjirl 


h> 


.<r*dt     Or  thin  »iiid^  *  What  a 

girll'  and  I  »aw  a  glinidag, 

•ilri  ttir^aiii,  pur.     .    -'  .. 

it*nct  it  flowed 

,1  iii.ii  Bliadoi  ovt  -  *  II, „ 

mlij-j  =n(i  aloitg  by 

Wi'< 'I  *i^  I'fdfi  J  if  lu'iiAv  f  ity^^ 

U-  a  t\i»ty  klM^ 

,,   ,  py  iKing,  a  liaa 

of  tight)  la  tlia  dim  and  troubled  land- 


w« 


TiibotUmCi  SjpectacU9. 


il>BO. 


^'ICy  ffrandmotber  sent  me  to  school, 

tut  I  looked  at  the  master,  and  saw  that 
e  was  a  smooth  roand  ferale, — or  an 
Improper  nomi— or  a  volgar  fraction, 
imd  ret\ised  to  obey  him.    Or  he  was  a 

Fiece  of  string,  a  rag,  a  willow-wand,  and 
had  a  oontemptnons  pitj.  But  one  was 
a  well  of  cool,  deep  water,  and  looking 
suddenly  in,  one  day,  I  saw  the  stars. 
He  gave  me  all  my  schooling.  With 
him  I  used  to  walk  by  the  sea,  and,  as 
we  strolled  and  the  waves  planged  in 
long  legions  before  ns,  I  looked  at  him 
through  the  Bpectacles,  and  as  his  eye 
^Hated  with  the  boundless  view,  and  his 
tfliest  heaved  with  an  impossible  desire. 
I  saw  Xerxes  and  his  army  tossing  and 
glittering,  rank  upon  rank,  multitude 
lipon  multitude,  out  of  sight,  but  ever 
•  regularly  advancing  and  with  the  con- 
ftised  roar  of  ceaseless  music,  prostrating 
themselves  in  abject  homage.  Or, 
M  with  arms  outstretched  and  hair 
•tre&niing  on  tlie  wiud,  he  chanted  full 
Ones  of  the  resounding  Iliad,  I  saw  Ho- 
mer pacing  theEgean  sands  in  the  Greek 
fODsets  of  forgotten  times. 

"My  grandmother  died,  and  I  was 
thrown  into  the  world  without  resources, 
4nd  with  no  capital  but  my  spectacles. 
I  tried  to  find  employment,  but  men 
were  shy  of  me.  There  was  a  vague 
•uspicion  that  I  was  either  a  little  crazed, 
or  a  good  deal  in  league  with  the  prince 
of  darkness.    My  companions  who  would 

Sersist  in  calling  a  piece  of  painted  mus- 
n,  a  fair  and  fras^rant  flower,  had  no 
difficulty;  success  waited  for  them  around 
every  corner,  and  arrived  in  every  ship. 
I  tried  to  teach,  for  I  loved  children. 
But  if  anything  excited  my  suspicion, 
and,  putting  on  my  spectacles,  I  saw  that 
I  was  fondling  a  snake,  or  smelling  at  a 
tad  with  a  worm  in  it,  I  sprang  up  in 
horror  and  ran  away ;  or,  if  it  seemed 
to  me  through  the  glasses,  that  a 
eherub  smiled  upon  me,  or  a  rose 
was  blooming  in  my  button-hole,  then  I 
fblt  myself  imperfect  and  impure,  not  fit 
to  be  leading  and  training  what  was  so 
essentially  superior  in  quality  to  myself, 
and  I  kissed  the  children  and  left  them 
weeping  and  wondering. 

'*  In  despair  I  went  to  a  great  merchant 
on  the  island,  and  asked  him  to  employ 
me. 

•**My  young  friend,'  said  he,  'I 
understand  that  you  have  some  singular 
8e(^et,  some  charm,  or  spell,  or  gift,  or 
ibmething,  I  don't  know,  what,  of  which 

tple  are  afraid.    Now,  you  know,  my 
r,*  said  the  merchant,  8wellin|p  np^ 


and  apparently  puronder  of  his  fl*aat 
stomach  than  of  his  large  fortune,  nI  am 
not  of  that  kind.  I  am  not  easily  fright- 
ened. You  may  spare  yourself  the  pain 
of  trying  to  impose  upon  me.  People 
who  propose  to  come  to  time  before  I 
arrive,  are  accustomed  to  arise  very  early 
in  the  morning,'  said  he,  thrusting  his 
thumbs  in  the  armholes  of  his  waistcoat, 
and  spreading  the  fincers,  like  two  fans, 
upon  his  bosom.  ^  I  think  I  have  heard 
something  of  your  secret.  You  have  a 
pair  of  spectacles,  I  believe,  that  you 
value  very  much,  because  your  grand- 
mother brought  them  as  a  marriage  por- 
tion to  your  grand&ther.  Now,  if  you 
tliink  fit  to  sell  me  those  speotadea,  I 
will  pay  you  the  largest  market  price  for 
glasses.    What  do  you  say  ?* 

''  I  told  him  that  I  had  not  the  slight- 
est idea  of  selling  my  spectacles. 

^^  *  My  young  friend  means  to  eat  them, 
I  suppose,'  said  he  with  a  contemptuous 
smile. 

"  I  made  no  reply,  but  was  turniog  to 
leave  the  office,  when  the  merchant 
called  afler  me — 

"  *  My  young  friend,  poor  people 
should  never  sufifer  themselves  to  get 
into  pets.  Anger  is  i^i  expensive  luxu- 
ry, in  which  only  men  of  a  certain  in- 
come can  indulge.  A  pair  of  spectacles 
and  a  hot  temper  are  not  the  most  pro- 
mising capital  for  success  in  life,  faster 
Titbottom.' 

*^I  said  nothing,  but  put  my  hand 
upon  the  door  to  go  out,  when  the  mer- 
chant said  more  respectfully ,->- 

"  *  Well,  you  foolish  boy,  if  you  will 
not  sell  your  spectacles,  perhaps  you  will 
affree  to  sell  the  use  of  thein  to  me. 
Tnat  is,  you  shall  only  put  them  on  when 
I  direct  you,  and  for  my  purposes. 
Hallo  I  you  little  fool! '  cried  he  impa- 
tiently, as  he  saw  that  I  intended  to 
make  no  reply. 

^'  But  I  had  pulled  out  my  spectacles, 
and  put  them  on  for  my  own  puipose^t, 
and  against  his  direction  and  desire.  I 
looked  at  him,  and  saw;  a  huge,  bald- 
headed  wild  boar,  with  gross  chaps  and  a 
leering  eye— only  the  more  ridiculous  for 
the  high- arched,  gold-bowed  spectacles, 
that  straddled  hb  nose.  One  of  his  fore 
hoofs  was  thrust  into  the  safe,  where  hia 
bills  payable  were  hived,  and  the  oth^r 
into  his  pocket,  among  the  loose  change 
and  bills  there.  His  ears  were  pricked 
forward  with  a  brisk,  sensitive  smart- 
ness. In  a  world  where  prize  pork  wan 
the  best  excellence,  he  would  have  car- 
ried off  all  the  premiams. 


IW] 


^i^tm^*  Speeiacht. 


Iflre^t^  «LiiI  «  uitld-fa^^,  gmiaX  inftn,  also 

Euj  MW  n  lafid  fliiwing  witli  utUk  «&d 

«y.     Tbore  I  pitched  fnj  tent,  ftud 

hid  liU  tim  g<M>d  taAo  diid|  tnd  hii 

IQW  WAS  du»caDl4(lued, 

*'Uui  w»ilb  tUer«/'  Raid  TitWltom, 

nii  hh  toko  trombWd  awajf  into  a  sigbf 

[  *  I  ftrmt  ^  w  IVeciojHi.    Spiw  of  lh0  s|ieo- 

[|»clcS|  I  »aw  Pr«cifii;»,    For  dayny  for 

reek«,  for  mcmil^a^  I  did  not  like  taf 

ctiui1c4  Willi  mo.     I  fjiit  iwny  irom 

b»m»  1  ill  re  w  Ih^m  up  on  high  ehelvtss, 

[  U-iid  lo  luftko  u|i  111  J  nil  fid  n>  liirt*w 

Ikem  taio  tho  mtm,  ur  duwn  ihe   well, 

I  could  uot^  I  wuuld  aot,  i  d&nsd  not 
look  at  Fri>cio««a  ibrougU  tha  .^pucyuilea* 

II  waji^ut  iit)A!«lble  for  rae  iltrlLbcratiJ/ 
to  dcsiruv  Lb^tii ;  but  i  dwuke  m  the 
Ql|$ht^  arid  atuld  id  moat  bare  cofted  mr 
d«ar  old  ^- ■■  t'  -  "  '  -  !:|3  gii^  I 
«ioap«d  ff '  tVir  whole 
dajr*  *viUi  ;...,-^,.  1  ...4  ber  tho 
ttimiig*  ibing^  I  bad  aa«n  with  m/  iiiyp* 
tlo  |]jUBO0.  Tbo  hotum  Wi^fi;  not  i<nciu||f(i 
for  Uie  wild  ropiancoa  ^  ^.'d  tu 
bar  ««r.  Bbt  lJdt«iM»d^  u  j  and 
^fp$Siml,  Uef  blue  e)e«  tunivd  upoD 
m9  witb  swoot  d?()r«G«tJoii.  Sha  dofig 
to  1IJI*,  lifid  tbon  wttbdreWf  And  flod  ft^r- 
fUUy  frtrm  tbt^  rot^rn.  But  ebo  <5ould  not 
•ta/  away.  Bbe  could  uot  rcubt  loy 
TOioov  iti  wbo««  Uiuea  burned  aU  lb«  Invy 
tbat  fUWd  my  lieurt  aiid  brain.  The 
Tery  aifort  to  roabt  tb#  d^nire  of  neciiig 
h«f  a*  I  Mw  everybody  ol^gav'd  ft  ff^i- 
1^  aod  ou  uiii»ataral  leiDiiou  to  my  foal* 
Ui,*  A, id  uiy  iiuiutier,    I  &at  by  ber  alde^ 

to  bor  oyai.  amootbtog  tier 
1  -j:  ber  to  my  Keart,  wbldE  waa 

»u  !  1  d<?e|i — wby  not  forever  I 

—^11  lu  of  peace-     I  ran  from 

K«r  lifik-^viiu)^  aud  Rboutod,  and  l«aiH*d 
with  j^t%\  and  »at  tlio  wbob  nlgbt 
^'  ^1  into  Iiam4t3494«  by  tlia 

iovo  and  Jovi^UueAs  like 
a  wnui  ti:iP|j,  u^jbUy  ^Lrurnf^  ar,d  answer- 
iug  ibe  Bm«^•t  lU^^di  qC  tiii^  brtivze  with 
muiiicv  Tbeo  ouine  caiiuar  daya — ih& 
couvictitiQ  4if  deep  love  eetiled  upon  otir 


bet 


l*pi 
•elf,  **lln;ru  U  i. 


tbc    bttrQ'»n|^,  beftviug 

ruuie«  tbe  biaud  atid  be* 

^u  ftftor  tU,  and 

<  bekf,  one  d%^-; 

DO  anjiwcr,  fur  hftppliMUA 

I  taid  to  mj^ 
V  III  now.    liow 


glad  J  aiu  tbat  I  enn  now  look  at  litr 
tkrougb  my  (<p«otacttf»/^ 

'U  feart'd  leat  loiiie  iiisttuet  abould 
warn  me  to  buwafo,  I  e?c»*vtHiil  from 
ber  armai  and  rati  hurne  and  at-'Utd  tlio 
glaAMi  ftud  buiLuded  buck  agaiu  to  ?re- 
oio«««  A»  1  enten^d  tbe  riKitit  I  wm 
beatedj  tny  bead  wa*  nwiuiiuifig  with 
ouiifused  apprebvDJiiun,  uiy  f.yen  inuxt 
have  jjlftreo.  rrc*nom  \vii3  frkgtiU'iU'd, 
and  ri^ng  froia  b«r  aual,  kUxmI  wlib  an 
in<iuiritig  glftoce  of  aur|>ri§«  hi  b^^rt^yta. 
But  1  wai  bent  with  froui^y  upon  my 
purpoee>  1  was  merely  aware  that  ibo 
waa  in  the  nx^ui.  I  kUW  notbtmr  ^flAO-  I 
beard  uutbing.  I  c4ir«^d  fiw  uuildng,  but 
to  oee  brr  tbn^ugb  ihai  mugie  ^ii%-^s  i^^d 
f^el  ftt  onec,  all  Uie  iulucia  of  blbififul 
perfeoUou  wbicb  tbat  would  reveal. 
Freduea  atood  bt^lore  the  luirror,  bni 
alarmed  at  my    wild  aud  ea^r  move- 


Mil  I  bad 

j>e  tbent 

lijiited  witb 

]>oa  tbe  tJoor, 

..   ;.  1  plmied  tbe 

oyen,  and   heboid — 
ihv  tiiirror*  before 


iu 

StJtillCJIIV    L'>     TIM 

terror,  and  kll  '. 

at  the  yety  luu..,. 

glaaaefi   Mov^s  my 

inv»«*li;  Si  iLrh  ,1   II 

which  -ig, 

^Mit-i  riib*ittoiii|  to 

my  wife,  ipniijttng  up  ^td  biUing  l^iixdE 
again  in  bia  ebiur,  |»alo  and  tretMbliaig, 
u'bdi*  Prue  ran  ui  bim  and  tuok  bU 
band,  aod  1  {toured  out  a  gl am  of  wakf,^ — 
''1  Miw  myself.'* 

Timte  wa#  «Uanoe  for  many  minutaai 
Prue  l«id  ber  I.  '  ■  ily  upon  tb« 
bead  of  our  gi^  ^  t«>v»  wt^ra 

closed,  and  wbii  ''';%  like  an 

infant  Ln  i^Ivi^pisi  ail  ibe 

loug  years  of  n\  '^    ln^ir, 

no  wndi^r  band  "W^ 

not  wiprd  awtt)    ;  ^  iter 

•arrow.  PcrlmpA  iliu  tender,  tmii^iriud 
Afi|[er^  of  lay  wifi*  wioibid  bm  ivt^ary 
head  with  tbe  convicti^in  tfiai  he  left 
tbe  baud  of  hij4  jm»lber  pla^vut^  tfrith 
tbe  long  hair  of  her  boy  in  ibu  - 
Indbm  morning*  Perhaps  it  . 
Uie  nateriil  reb^f  of  eipfCuMnini;  l  t^iiut- 
up  (Mjrn>w.  Wbt^n  he  «i^>ke  Mgiun^  it^ 
w.^         '  ' '.     /  IuikI  ton«i  and  tb^ 

fti :  ), 

long  ago,  ftod   I   catne  t  vu^r 

•O^in  after*      I   hrors.Ttil    nir  ^  ^  .^iiU^ 

inrt  agf^  A  ti*"^^  '    nt%iiuo- 

neit,  i^id  the  tn-K-  ^   bad 

become  their  ^Uve.     J 

to  fear,      iiaving  m^ 

comptfllod  lo  »0e  iJLlivf>,  i^fui^rrly  t*i  un 

deJ*»Laud  my   rehitiona  to   ibitin.     Tbn 


::'i' 


<58 


TitboitonCs  Spictacles. 


[l>eo. 


lights  that  cheer  the  fatnre  of  other 
men  had  gone  oat  for  me.  My  eyes 
were  those  of  an  exile  turned  backwards 
upon  the  receding  shore,  and  not  for- 
wards witii  hope  upon  the  ocean.  I 
mingled  with  men,  but  with  little  plea- 
sore.  There  are  but  many  varieties  of 
a  few  types,  I  did  not  find  those  I 
oame  to' clearer  sighted  than  those  I 
had  left  behind.  I  heard  men  called 
shrewd  ond  wise,  and  report  said  they 
were  liiglily  intelligent  and  successful. 
But  when  I  looked  at  them  through  my 

glasses,  I  found  no  halo  of  real  manliness. 
y  finest  sense  detected  no  aroma  of 
purity  and  principle ;  but  I  saw  only  a 
fungus  tliat  had  fattened  and  spread 
in  a  night.  They  all  went  to  the  theatre 
to  see  actors  upon  tlie  stage.  I  went 
to  see  actors  in  the  boxes,  so  consum- 
mately cunning,  that  the  others  did  not 
know  they  were  acting,  and  they  did 
not  suspect  it  themselves. 

"Perhaps  you  wonder  it  did  not  make 
me  misunihropical.  My  dear  friends, 
do  not  forget  that  I  }  ad  seen  myself. 
It  made  me  compassior  ite,  not  cynical. 
Of  courjje  I  could  not  value  highly,  the 
ordinnry  standards  of  success  and  ex- 
cellence. When  I  went  to  church  and 
saw  a  thin,  blue,  artificial  flower,  or  a 
great  sleepy  cushion  expounding  the 
beauty  of  Jioliness  to  pews  full  of  eagles, 
half-eflgle:*,  and  threepences,  however 
adroitly  concealed  in  broadcloth  and 
boots:  or  saw  an  onion  in  an  Easter  bon- 
net weeping  over  the  sins  of  Magdalen,  I 
did  not  feel  as  they  felt  who  saw  in  all 
this,  not  only  propriety,  but  piety.  Or 
when  at  public  meetings  an  eel  stood 
np  on  end,  and  wriggled  and  squirmed 
lithely  in  every  direction,  and  declared 
that,  for  his  part,  he  went  in  for  rain- 
bows and  hot  water — how  could  I  help 
seeing  that  he  was  still  black  and  loved 
a  slimy  pool? 

"  I  could  not  grow  misanthropical 
when  I  saw  in  the  eyes  of  gj  many  who 
were  called  old,  the  gushing  fountains 
of  eternal  youth,  and  the  light  of  an  im- 
mortal dawn,  or  when  I  saw  those  who 
were  esteemed  unsuccessful  and  aimless, 
ruling  a  fair  realm  of  peace  and  plenty, 
either  in  themselves,  or  more  perfectly 
in  another — a  realm  and  princely  pos- 
session for  which  they  had  well  re- 
nounced a  hopeless  search  and  a  belated 
triumpii.  I  knew  one  man  who  had 
been  for  years  a  by-word  for  having 
sought  the  philosopher's  stone.  But  I 
looked  at  him  through  the  spectacles 
tod  aaw  a  aati^faction  in  concentrated 


energies,  and  a  tenacity  arising  from 
devotion  to  a  noble  dream,  which  was 
not  apparent  in  the  youths  who  pitied 
him  in  the  aimless  effeminacy  of  clubs, 
nor  in  the  clever  gentlemen  who  cracked 
their  thin  jokes  upon  him  over  a  gossip- 
ing dinner. 

"And  tliere  was  your  neighbor  over 
the  way,  who  passes  for  a  woman  who  has 
failed  in  her  career,  because  she  is  an  old 
maid.  People  wag  solemn  heads  of  pity,  , 
and  say  tliat  she  made  so  great  a  mistake 
in  not  marrying  the  brilliant  and  famous 
man  who  was  for  long  years  her 
suitor.  It  is  clear  that  no  orange 
flower  will  ever  bloom  for  her.  The 
young  people  make  tender  romances 
about  her  as  they  watch  her,  and  think 
of  her  solitary  hours  of  bitter  regret, 
and  wasting  longing,  never  to  be  satis- 
fied. When  I  first  came  to  town  I 
shared  this  sympathy,  and  pleased  my 
imagination  with  fancying  her  hard 
struggle  with  the  conviction  that  she 
had  lost  all  that  made  life  beautiful.  I 
supposed  tliat  if  I  looked  at  her  through 
my  spectacles,  I  should  see  that  it  was 
only  her  radiant  temper  which  so  illu- 
minated her  dress,  that  we  did  not  see 
it  to  be  heavy  sables.  But  when,  one 
day,  I  did  raise  ray  glasses  and  glanced 
at  her,  I  did  not  see  the  old  maid  whom 
we  all  pitied  for  a  secret  sorrow,  but  a 
woman  whose  nature  was  a  tropic,  in 
which  the  sun  shone,  and  birds  sang, 
and  flowers  bloomed  for  ever.  There 
were  no  regrets,  no  doubts  and  half 
wishes,  but  a  calm  sweetness,  a  trans- 
parent peace.  I  saw  her  blush  when 
that  old  lover  passed  by,  or  paused  to 
speak  to  her,  but  it  was  only  the  sign 
of  delicate  feminine  consciousness.  She 
knew  his  love,  and  honored  it,  although 
she  could  not  understand  it  nor  return 
it.  I  looked  closely  at  her,  and  I  saw 
that  although  all  the  world  had  exclaim- 
ed at  her  indifference  to  such  homage, 
and  had  declared  it  was  astonisliing  she 
should  lose  so  fine  a  match,  she  would 
only  say  sinaply  and  quietly — 

"*If  Shakespeare  loved  me  and  I 
did  not  love  him,  how  could  I  marry 
him?' 

"Could  I  be  misanthropical  when  I 
saw  such  fidelity,  and  dignity,  and  sim- 
plicity ? 

"  Y  ou  may  believe  that  I  was  especially 
curious  to  look  at  that  old  lover  of  hets, 
through  my  glasses.  He  was  no  longer 
young,  you  know,  when  I  oame,  and  his 
fame  and  fortune  were  secure.  Certainly 
Ihavehevdof  few  men  morebeloved,  and 


I«S4.] 


itAoitomh  Spectadm 


nw 


^  ©f  none  rnoft  wortli y  to  belottd ,   IT o  bud 

^Utv*  »!*»jr  mmntier  of  a  man  pf  th<>  world, 

i|lii»  N?h>iHivv  grac«  of  A  (lool,  &nd  the 

tehftri'jiMo  Jinlgiii««nt  of  %  wide-ti'ftvdler. 

I  Be  was  jicetHiuied  the  most  stic^c^ssslul  and 

|inu«it    nn^iKjjItfd    l4    mm\,      Uan d<it>ine^ 

Llrrdnant,  wtK%  lender,  grflc.*fu(,  Acotm)* 

plkhcd,  T\el\  and  fAini>u«^  I  looksd  at 

llilm^  without  tijo  ^ti«etael««,  in  aurprfse, 

|«nd  AdiiifrtitMjnf  and  womlered  htiwjour 

eei^hUtir  or^r  Itiij  w^ij  had  bc^ctn  so  en- 

Hfidj   unt^iiiehed    by   liU    homage.      I 

Witebed  tlitnr  int^rcoutiM^  m  i^n^ioty,  I 

aw  li*"r  ifAv  srnile,    her  oonl&al  greet - 

ng^;    I  marked   his  frank  addros^   hU 

iktiy  coun«Mi)\    Th^ir  inanni^r  t^jld   no 

Ltaleii.   T!i«  m^,tf  world  wai  baulked,  and 

p  pttllcHi  out  my  i«p«ota^l«i» 

'  1  hnd  metx  Imr,  ftlrt*tti1/,  and  oow  I 

wW  hi  111.     ll«  livisd  iinly  Id  ni^mory^ 

and   ht9   nn^morY   wim  a  vpacicpna  and 

'  atalely  pnlace.     But  ho  did  not  o(t«neat 

llreutKMit  lliti  hiinqvivtinic  liall,  whera  wtr^ 

(«<ndW3    hfttiiitalliy  and    faaiiting,— nor 

Ud  he  loiier  tnnch  in  r^oeptitin  roonut, 

^irhero  a  throng  of  naw  vSeiitorii  wat  for 

ivar  iw/injtiii(^,— nor    dtd    ho  fead  hia 

iiEiy  hy  hjiivnting   iha  apartm^^nt  in 

thh'h  were  fttored  Uia  lri*|dii«  of  his 

^van«d  triniriphiK — nor  dreain   much  tn 

hegr^dt  fralk-ry  hong  with  picltirts  of  htt 

raveU^     But  trotn  all  tbaia  lofty  halls 

lof  meujory  he  oan«iiini)r  eioa(^  to  a 

|t«Ttiot4^  and  Etolitary  chamWr,  itito  which 

ona  had  ever  peneiratad.    Bnt  mj 

al  eyeai  behind  itta  glaaaan,  folio  wed 

and  entcrt-d  with  hius,  atr'    -  -  *' -vt  the 

chamber  waa  a  (ihajiel,     S  i,  and 

ailcMii,  nod  Nwctft  wiLh  fK^ii,^,.-.4.   ,:it^nio 

Itliat  huniod  ii[Kin  an  atl4r  Mbfi  ft  pic* 

llur*'  for  ifwr  viikd,    Thera,  whaoavar  I 

need  to  look^  I  vaw  Uim  kni^«?l  and 

bray ;  and  there,  by  day  and  by  uigliti  & 

funeral  hynin  wsa  chanteil, 

''I  do' not  believe  yon  wHl  be  w^f- 
rieed  that  I  have  b#«n  oontent  tora* 
ain  depnty  boak*ke«(>er   My  i»peciad«« 
•d    my  am  bit  Urn,    and    I    early 
Had    ihat    there   were   better  goihi 
[itian  F1  u  tufl,     Tk  i«  gliufea  I  ta  ve  \  ml  tnuc  I  % 
tht*lr  faitctnatM^a  now,  ind  I  do  nut 
^llfUn  nae  thaiiu    &ometime«  the  deeiro 
!■  irriifatible.     Whenever  I  am  greailj 


ini«re<it(id,  I  am  eonipelled  to  take  tliir« 
out  and  tec  what  it  !a  that  I  admire^ 

"And  yet— and  yet/'  e^id  TUtiottom* 
after  a  [>aiwe,  **  I  am  not  anre  ihnt  I 
thank  my  grand fiitlier/' 

I'rue  hiid  long  iinoe  laid  away  Ker 
wuf  k»  and  had  heard  every  word  of  ifio 
story ^  ]  tAW  that  the  donr  woioFin  hud 
yet  on«»  que^tkm  to  axk^  and  hud  h^n 
eanu^sliy  h«.*jMii«^  to  hear  «4»[iieEhhig  that 
would  Hparu  her  I  ho  neeeasity  nf  asking. 
But  Titbottom  had  resumed  his  usual 
t^jni%  after  the  momi*ntary  exiiltenjent^ 
antl  riiotle  no  ffirUter  nil ua inn  to  himself. 
Wo  all  sat  silently;  Titb4*tloru*s  eyee 
faatened  rntulnip^ly  up^n  the  coi'pol: 
Prue  li>ol;iri)7  wiBtfully  at  hitn,  and  I 
regarding  boih* 

it  Vim  \in&t  midnight,  and  our  gQ«e| 
arose  t^)  go.  lie  iiio«ik  handt  quieily, 
maile  Id*  grave  Spanish  bow  t*i  Prue, 
and  taking  hi^  Imt,  went  toward*  the 
front  do4ir.  Frne  and  I  aocompanied 
him.  I  Raw  in  lier  eyc*i  that  iho  would 
aiik  her  qucsUon.  And  a»  Titbottom 
otjened  the  door,  1  heard  the  low  words: 

^'AndPreoioaar^* 

Titbottom  nause<t  lie  had  J  nil 
op«u«d  the  door  and  tlie  uuHinUghl 
streamed  over  him  aa  be  atood^  inrnlng 
bock  to  09* 

'^  I  have  aaen  ber  bat  onoe  ainoe.  It 
waa  in  ohnnsh.  and  abe  was  kn<^ling 
with  her  eyes  cWhI,  ao  that  iihe  did  not 
tee  me.  But  I  rubbed  tlie  glat^^ee  welt, 
and  kMjkcil  at  b^r,  and  saw  a  white  U^, 
wlione  Hluni  was  hrok^tif  hut  which  wai 
fre^h;  and  ]umini»u»,  anil  fragrjmt,  atilL" 

^'That  waa  a  miracle/*  interrupted 
Proa. 

^*  Madam,    It    wa»    a    miracle/-    ro^ 

rlivMl  TithotUim^  ''^and  fiir  tlmt  ona  nigbl 
am  devoutly  gratefnl  for  my  graud- 
fatlier'a  gift.  I  eaw^  that  al  tiro  ugh  a 
dower  may  have  loit  ita  hold  u|K>a 
earthly  moUture*  it  may  aiill  bloom  aa 
iweetly,  fed  by  the  dewi  of  tieaven.'* 

The  i]m»r  clt«ed,  and  be  was  gone. 
Bat  aft  Prne  pot  her  arm  in  m^ne  and 
we  wivnt  up  itaira  togiitber,  abe  whla^ 
[larcd  in  luy  ear: 

''  il4jw   giftil  1    am    that  you   doa*l 


MO 


I^Mu 


MBS.    MACSIMUM'S    BILL. 


TETING  IT  ON. 

<<PSHAW!  this  will  never  do,l£adame 

X    lArami!" 

"Bat  madam  I"— 

"  Yoa  will  have  to  alter  it  altogether. 
It's  wretchedly  made.'' 

"  I*m  Borry'' began  madame  in  a 

soft  silky  voice,  which  seemed  to  have 
taken  its  texture  from  the  glossy  fabrics 
she  dealt  in,  while  a  black  shadow,  al- 
most a  frown,  flitted  across  her  sallow 
features,  unseen  by  Mrs.  Macsimum,  and 
contradicted  her  tone  of  gentle  sorrow. 

"Oh!  botherl  "continued  Mrs. Mac- 
simum, giving  her  shoulders  that  wriggle 
peculiar  to  ladies  who  are  in  the  act  of 
trying  on  a  new  dress;  "  did  any  one  ever 
see  such  a  body  ?  why  the  thing  is  com- 
pletely spoiled  —  'tis  really  too  bad;" 
and  she  gave  the  apricot  &ilk  an  impa- 
tient tug  just  where  it  very  imperfectly 
^etended  to  conceal  her  bust. 

"  I  am  very  sorry  indeed,  Mrs.  Mac- 
ffimum,  that  the  dress  doesn^t  please 
yon,"  said  Madame  Laraini,  the  black 
ihadow  on  her  face  growing  more  and 
more  like  a  cloud,  "  but  I  can  assure  yon 
we  took  particular  pains  with  that  dress, 
and  if  I  may  be  allowed  an  opinion,  I 
think,  ma'am,  that  you  are  mistaken 
about  it's  not  fitting  you." 

"The  body  isu*t  half  low  enough," 
answered  Mrs.  Macsimum  pettishly; 
"  don't  you  see  that  ?  Tm  not  going  to 
cover  myself  up  like  an  old  maid,  Madame 
Laramil" 

"  We  can  have  that  remedied  in  an 
hour  if  you  wish  it,"  said  madame,  with 
her  face  shot  with  black  like  a  half 
mourning  silk ;  "  but  look  at  that  skirt 
ma'am.  I'm  sure  nothing  could  hang 
better." 

"Oh!  the  skirt  is  well  enough,  La- 
rami,"  said  the  lady,  endeavoring  to  get 
a  back  view  of  the  dress  in  a  Psyche 
glass,  by  twisting  her  head  over  her 
shoulder,  "and  those  black  lace  floun- 
ces look  very  well — but,  Lararai,  are 
they  real  Valenciennes  ?" 

"  I  have  charged  them  as  such  in  the 
bill,  madam,  and  I  never  commit  frauds 
on  my  customers." 

"  Oh !  I  didn't  mean  that  Larami," 
answered  Mrs.  Macsimum  rather  hur- 
riedly, for  Madame  Larami's  oflcnded 
dignity  at  this  instant  was  appalling — 
"  but  you  know  that  everything  is  mock 
now-a-days,  and  yon  might  be  deceived 
as  well  as  another." 


"I'm  never  deceived  Mrs.  Macsimnm; 
we,  poor  millinera,  have  to  be  verj 
cautions." 

"  I've  no  doubt — ^I'vo  no  doubt,  Lara- 
mi,"  said  Mrs.  Macsimnm  impatiently. 

"  There  was  Mrs.  Grissalis,  the  other 
day,  ma'am  —  I  was  very  near  losing 
a  thousand  dollars  by  her,  when  Mr. 
Orissalis  failed.  But  I  was  caudons,  Mrs. 
Macsimum,  and  I  have  my  little  ways  of 
knowing,  so  I  sent  in  my  little  account 
a  few  days  before  the  gentleman  went^ 
ma'am." 

"  Very  prudent  ai  you,  Larami,"  said 
Mrs.  Macsimum,  with  a  sickly  attempt  a| 
a  smile.  "  A  shocking  thing,  that  failure 
of  Mr.  Orissalis.  I  pity  his  wife  greatly, 
poor  woman.  By  the  way,  have  t^u 
brought  that  Indian  scarf  with  you  ?'^ 

"  Yes,  ma'am,"  said  the  dress-maker, 
unfolding  one  of  those  wondrous  combi- 
nations of  fine  texture  and  brilliancy  of 
color  which  the  East  alone  is  able  to  pro- 
duce. 

"  It  is  a  lovely  scarf,  certainly,"  ex- 
claimed the  lady,  flinging  it  over  bar 
shoulders — "and  goes  admirably  with 
this  drees.    I  shall  take  it,  madame." 

Madame  Larami  bowed. 
:  "Now  madame,"  went  on  Mrs.  Mao- 
simum,  "remember  you  roust  be  punc- 
tual with  this  dress.  The  alterations 
must  be  done  and  the  dress  here  bj 
eight  o'clock." 

"  It  shall  be  here,  ma'am,  to  the  mo- 
ment" 

"  You  see  I  shall  have  to  be  dressed 
early,  in  order  that  I  may  see  to  the  flow- 
ers, and  give  a  few  directions  about  the 
supper-table — ^That's  the  worst  of  being 
obliged  to  go  to  one's  own  balls." 

Madame  Larami  endeavored  to  appear 
penetrated  with  sympathy. 

"  Now,  Larami,  you  can  take  these 
things  0%  for  I  expect  Oremolino  here 
every  moment  to  dress  my  hair." 

Madame  Larami,  obedient  to  the  hint, 
immediately  proceeded  to  divest  Mrs. 
Macsimum  of  the  elegant  but  expensive 
dress  about  which  she  was  so  fastidious, 
and  in  a  few  moments  that  lady  was 
once  more  reclining  in  a  vast  easy-chair, 
with  her  flue  though  somewhat  large 
flgure  dimly  outlined  through  the  soft 
folds  of  her  peignoir. 

The  apartment  in  which  she  sat  was 
the  type  of  modem  luxury,  subdued  by 
a  certain  reflnement  of  taste,  wliioh  Mrs. 
Macsimum  had  caught  up  in  spite  of  her> 


If 54.] 


Mn.  Maeiimum*9  SiiL 


«it- 


I- i^  during  a  long  r^s^d^m^  in  Ptofft.    Tt 

l«t»i  buTtdoir,  Uy  which  ft  OQved  cuiltng 

l.pvo  Jin  *ir  of  loft  I  new  almo«t  di»propnr- 

^ tinned   to   iis   Arc*.      The  walli   were 

i|Nliiited  with  wami  but  acubilned  dolonnif. 

[a  fftltit  (thik  li^triiBg  In  the  glatii  <.)f  tho 

wiadowa  filled  th<B   room  witk   fi  ro«y 

li«lit,  «o  much  %o  th'tt  iTi»cldk-aic«»d  kdie* 

Vnij  visit^'d  Mrs.  iliicf-irumn,  and  yuting 

I  i>Tim  win  I  hail  left  ilidr  com  pbi  ions  at 

^tlie  last  bal^  lowml  titat  Ijttlt  boudoir 

I  ftltd  itA  beisoiniiig  tinti. 

I     Mr»-   Mae^itnom's  toll*? tie- tables — for 

I  ah4l  had  m*>ro  tbarj  one — rerealed  a  aj^f- 

Unn   nf    rpcreotial  cttlture  nt   tXm  moat 

^  naliir©.    The  secrets  of  arti- 

ti  .  iry  of  ^«ry  oatioti  Qild«r  the 

I  aun  iweruiHi  to  hat^e  fooiid  th«ir  way  to 

mfkeolug  the  eyea^  aud  redden itig  lh« 
^li^gfl^tlpe,  French  rny«T<tne«»  hy  whi**h 
^ jMlMi  obeeka  and  blaest  Hj 
I  m  bloom  onoft  more  wii' 
[titita  of  health.  Wondefftd  y*now  pn- 
'  booles  with  what  &©emfd  to  be  green 
svQs  thrtiit  between  tlte  |)ftf««i  which 
I  giie#n  Ivfttea^  wh^n  mbbed  on  the  eheek. 
[Ijr  aome  cbemfeal  mafic,  wotild  be  fotino 
[to  leave  n  piftk  trajoe,  Boxe*  of  mhxU 
[powdera^  eovereffn  for  glHnp  ILp  ^kiii 
Iwhftt  the  French  c^ll  a  f4tfc> 

Dea,    BaodoHnnn^on  the[*r'  ' 

wfaiob  tll«  gre«iett  eheminu  of  Ibe  age 

Iiad  kviati^  Jtan  of  lab^T.     Pti^eaiof 

LiHimfoe  atone,    aet  in    t  ^  i^earl 

lliandle*^  and  osefnl  Iknr^'  itngh* 

I  tii«d  hand   t4>  a  satin   Bmo^jtltD^sa;  all 

|tli«aa  thingi  5ank#d,  an«l  aiirfociisd^, 

I  md  mkod  up  with  a  gle^amf nf  and  Ta- 

[fiifated   array  of  Bohertiian  giant  JIa* 

^  wifkaif^ttUM^  bonqfi<?t-h<^dder^^  \^<yrf 

J  giild  and  silvor  drit*Bit>ij  nfipnra- 

j  erytEai  and  agate  cnrM,  fSIlcd   with 

[fcneiful  triokeCii  0T«r  aU  of  whteli  % 

l^ommn^  deUdoQf   odon   dotied  In  a 

_linf  vapor,  aa  If  the  rn«y  dnnkt  ikml 

lined  vmf^  wrre  T^nTJv   perfnrned  Uko 

t'  I— all 

t  ftnt 

[tmijc  it  the 

ijr  i^d  K> 

'!:.  '1 

A 

|iod  i^c. 

Tb«  apHcsol  droeM  waa  onot  mom  eara- 
[tBLny  folded  and  laid  in  a  baakaiL  dtlU 
atetj  o(7t«red  with  oiled  alkt  wb{«li  a 
^bojbori  betiLDd   the  faahionabla 
«rb<ii  *^hi^  walked  abroad  on 
Unf  '  1  hadr«iifnad 

K»  Iha  •  aioa  of  th»  li^ 


dian  iearf,  whirb  Abe  was  Idly  flinpng 
in  different  fold*  ov^r  tbe  back  ttf  a 
rreneh  chair  near  licr^  when  Madama 
I^raniif  having  dbpoaed  her  bkcsk  wWk 
ti#i'f*  c«Kjn(?tti?*lily  aerosa  her  fthiiiddera, 
Slopped  jii«t  before  Mni,  Maoilnium,  and 
drew  a  letter  from  her  m^cket  At  tbU 
hour  of  tbe  day,  that  lady  nlway^  pue* 
ieaaed  the  ability  to  bluish.  Tlie  uteadfaU 
eobr  which  glowed  on  her  eJieeka  of 
evenfngfl  waa  not  yet  applied,  and  on 
ihta  oceatfion^  the  btood  rudlied  U>  her 
pale  ffloe  In  a  torrtnt^  aa  the  tnilliner 
draw  forth  the  note. 

"  Your  bill,  I  lupiJoaa,  tArami,^  iaid 
abe  wtili  a  faint  miiile^  holding  out  her 
hand  for  it,  ^'Mr.  Macstmnna  is  not 
goinf  to  fail,  I  ho|ie  T* 

**01  tna*ain,  I  couldn't  think  of  snoh 
a  thing/ ^  replied  I^araiont,  with  a  dark 
emile,  ^^  Il*s  not  mv  bill,  ma'am,  hut  a 
note  that  a — a  genUexnaa  a&ked  tna  t& 
^ve  to  yoo.** 

*^A  note  for  tuft,  fh>m  a  genttenaant 
let  rac  see ;"  and  aa  she  took  it^  an  ^* 
preaBfon  of  wondorftd  relief  spread  itself 
orer  her  ooiintenane^. 

"Yea,  tnA'am— Mr.  SlUery  FaTno 
l>egged  of  me  to  deliver  it  to  yon  wnan 
yon  were  alone/' 

''  Mr.  SiUery  Payie  I''  cried  Mn,  Mie^ 
sitnntn,  of>enfng  the  note  #lth  rathw  an 
agitnted  band^  while  at  tl>e  same  time  a 
smile  of  gratiGed,  aottiething  or  oiher^^ 
perhaps  vanity^^awned  in  her  larg« 
nine  eye*.  **  How  imprudent  1"  itbe 
murmured  to  her*Blf,  aa  ibn  read  the 
oontentu  of  the  soentetl  paf*r.  ""*  11  aw 
im  pertinent  t"  she  eidaimea  aload,  for 
tlie  benefit  of  MAflame  Lparami.  ^^  Yon 
oan  tell  Mr.  Payne  that  yon  have  delhr- 
t^red  bi«  nou^  Ijiraini^"  fthe  oontinuedf 
tose^iiig  it  carcle^y  into  an  Indian  baakel 
half  Ml  of  notea  of  Invitation,  biU%  bii4 
littk  gilt  dancing  1i»ts,  ^and  iti«iiUoa 
to  hirn,  thut  when  I  see  him  thlfl  even* 
inic,  1  will  give  htm  the  iofonnMion  hm 
dwirei,'' 

^'  1  «ball  da  in,  fnadam,**  aatd  I^ramJ, 
drawing  aautber  elegnni  lookLftf  fndo- 
tnre  flrom  ber  abiiudant  pocket.  *^l 
httfm^  Mrs,  MaoNimnm,*^  she  eon  tinned^ 
alway«  amUiof  that  sallow  smila  of  hera, 
^  I  hope  that  yon  will  not  think  ma  kk- 
trti^va  If  I  submit  tbli  littJa  afootint  to 
yoor  Ifiapaoilou/*  and  so  Aaying«  she 
fS^afy  tMfioatad  tlia  tioCa  towards  bar 

Mn.  Macsimam  loat  In  i&  Inataait  thai 
d«ISi»£«  tmllt  of  tarimapli  vbteli  Uia  p^ 
maal  of  Mr.  BUleij  Pani#*a  eommanm* 
awakened.    Bba  mk  a  mM 


tjoa  had 


669 


MfM.  MaenmunCi  BUL 


[DCA. 


and  sQspicions  glance  at  maclame,  and 
jerked  the  refined  looking  bill  Irom  her 
band. 

"Do  you  want  any  money  immedi- 
ately, LRraiiii  ?**  she  asked  in  a  would-be 
careless  tone,  but  in  which  a  certain 
half-concealed  eagerness  could  be  easily 
detected. 

*^Well,  ma'am,  to  tell  you  the  truth  I 
am  very  much  pressed  just  now.  My 
rent  falls  due  t<»-morrow,  and  I  have  to 
meet  a  note  of  mine,  which  Mr.  Lus- 
tring, the  silk  mercer  holdfi,  at  twelve 
o'chnk  on  the  same  day.  Not  to  incon- 
venience you,  however,  ma'am,  I  will 
manage  with  half  the  account  now." 

"Let  us  see,''  said  Mrs.  Macsimum, 
extracting  from  its  envelope  the  sheet 
of  satin  paper,  in  w^hich  all  her  elegant 
follies  were  truthfully  chronicled.  "Goi>d 
heavens  1  Laramil^she  exclaimed,  start- 
ing and  turning  still  more  pale.  "How 
on  earth  do  yon  make  it  out  so  much? 
Three  thousand,  five  hundred  and  twenty 
five  dollars  I" 

"  I  think  youll  find  it  quite  correct, 
madam.  The  fancy  dress  for  Mrs.  Hor- 
net's ball  was  very  expensive,  and  that 
green  Persian  scarf,  cost  eight  hundred 
dollars  in  the  country.  I  shall  be 
quite  willing  to  have  yon  examine  all 
the  itemti,  Mrs.  Macsimum.  I  don't 
think  you'll  find  any  over-charges." 

"  Oh  I  I  8up|)Ose  not — I  suppose  not, 
Larami.  But  still  it's  a  very  large 
amount." 

"  Its  been  running  a  long  time, 
madam.'* 

"  But  I  paid  you  considerable  sums  at 
various  times." 

"  I  have  given  you  credit  for  all  pay- 
ment«,  ma'am." 

*'  I'm  afraid,  Larami,"  and  Mrs.  Mac- 
simum assumed  a  charming  smile  which 
seemed  to  convey,  that  it  would  be 
cruelty  to  press  so  enchanting  a  woman 
for  a  paltry  sum  of  money.  "  I  am  very 
much  afraid  that  my  bank  account  will 
not  admit  of  my  letting  you  have  what 
you  want,  and  I  can't  ask  Mr.  Macsi- 
mum, you  know." 

"  Very  sorry,  indeed,  ma'am,  to  press 
a  lad3%  but  I  caimot  possibly  do  without 
the  money." 

"  Oh,  nonsense,  Larami,"  said  Mrs. 
Macsimum,  with  a  reckless  air,  "you 
must  try.  In  the  course  of  a  week  or 
so,  I  may  be  able,  but  just  at  tlie  present 
I  really  cannot." 

Madame  Larami  summoned  her  negro, 
and  deposited  the  precions  basket  in  hit 
iootj  Landa ;  gave  her  black  silk  man* 


tilla  another  twist  before  tlie  glaa,  and 
making  a  profound  oourtet^y  to  Mrs. 
Macsimum  ere  she  left  the  room,  siud  in 
her  low  nilky  voice — 

"  I  will  call  with  the  dress  this  even- 
ing, myself,  Mrs.  Macsimum,  and  get  the 
money." 

"Madame  Larami  I" cried    Mrs. 

Macsimum,  with  an  indignant  finsh  at  the 
cool,  determined  tone  of  the  milliner, 
but  ere  she  could  utter  her  displeasure, 
a  gentleman  pushed  madame  aside,  closed 
the  door  in  her  face,  and  flung  himself 
into  the  fauteuil  tliat  Mrs.  Macsimum 
had  just,  quitted. 

"Well,  Mrs.  Macsimum,"  cried  this 
last  visitor,  passing  his  hands  briskly 
through  his  short  stubby  hair,  "well, 
it's  all  up  with  ns,  we  shall  be  protested 
to-morrow." 

"  Mr.  Macsimum !  what  under  heaven 
do  yon  mean  ?"  cried  his  wife,  growing, 
if  possible,  paler  than  ever.  "  Yon  sure- 
ly don't  mean  to  say  that" 

"Precisely.  The  firm  of  Macsimum 
and  Bullrush  will  smash  to-morrow." 

"Good  Godl"  exclaimed  the  lady, 
sinking  into  a  chair,  "  what  intelligence 
this  is  to  bring  to  me !  And  how  coolly 
you  seem  to  take  it,  as  if  you  alone  were 
to  suffer  1  Are  yon  not  ashamed  of 
yourself,  Mr.  Macsimum,  to  go  and  fail 
in  this  way  ?  What  am  I  to  do,  I  should 
like  to  know  ?" 

"The  best  you  can,  my  dear,"  an- 
swered Mr.  Macsimum,  calmly.  "My 
character,  thank  God,  will  remain  un- 
stained. I  have  surrendered  everything." 

**  You  have,  have  you  ?"  almost  shriek- 
ed the  lady.  "You're  an  idiot,  Mr. 
Macsimum  I  What  was  your  character 
to  me,  I  should  like  to  know,  that  you 
leave  me  to  starve  in  order  that  yon 
might  preserve  it!  Your  character  isn't 
good  to  eat  or  to  wear ;  your  character 
won't  pay  house  rent,  or  buy  a  box  at 
the  opera.  I  am  sure,  Mr.  Macsimum,  if 
I  had  known  that  such  treatment  was 
in  store  for  me,  it  would  have  been  long 
before  I  would  have  become  your  wife." 

"  Too  late  to  regret  that,  now,  my  dear." 

"  It's  all  your  own  fault,  sir,  your  reck- 
lessness and  extravagance  knew  no 
bounds." 

"  I  think,  Mrs.  Macsimum,"  answered 
the  gentleman,  looking  round  the  room 
with  a  sarcastic  twinkle  in  his  clear 
grey  eye,  "  if  I  have  been  extravagant, 
you  have  kept  me  in  countenance." 

"Oh!  yes.  Say  it*s  met  That*8  the 
nsnal  answer.  /  spend  everything! 
The  amallest  neoeieary  of  Mfe  thet  I 


Ift54.1 


Mn.  Ma€mmunC9  BilL 


Oii 


pQrehaN»,  It  linffHilljitflly  iii«||ei  *fi«t]  bj 
yoa  into  a  iud<»*§  luxiity*  Pcrhnpa 
i-ou'J  like  mu  Iij  m>  wit  In  ml  nhoiss^  Mr. 

iiion«>  In  ttini  wav," 
'^''Cliull  diaU  kra.  Mncslmiini/tcrt  iu 

Csntiol  he  h«]i>eO.  1 1  if  cin«  uf  llt^ 
0mmci»  i>t  Umdv^  mml  w^  maftt  War  U. 
To^aormw^  m%  twelve  c/t!Uiek,  i>ur 
fifrpvr  *U\  hm  pruteKtiHi,  and  all  llio 
fctrwt  will  kiiiiw  it.  Uiuil  then«  let  ui 
niu  tijo  b#»t  fjioo  oil  tnaUcti-^ ;  aixl  At  tbii 
bait  to  Df^fhl,  bo  <!ari*fiil  nut  t^  betray 
yoiirwir  Far  iii«rts  is  alwayi  a  oba.aG«c»t 
fiUrivTiiig  n.3  kni^  «j»  th«  aliair  i*i  H?cret/* 

"  i  C5*iul*l  rrj  If  It  were  not  for  ibis 
bill/*  Mild  Mrv,  MacaiJauin,  with  an  in^^ 
tonal  ion  and  com|jf««!M4>n  of  Ui«  ti[i»Uiat 
wonlil  f^cm  rather  to  iiiilicitta  that  kIio 
eoold  •t'l-nlcb*  But  a  (wrvant  anntuinc- 
fag  thi>  amval  or  CpemyOino  the  ba»r- 
dm^m^r^  ihc  oriQtriiHKd  her  leeting^*  Ht^r 
littsband  wAf  (txrliided^  and  m  a  fi.*w 
mofntMil*  a  pair  of  lat  lulian  banda 
were  twifttlr»g  anil  crisiping  her  hair  into 
tli0  intricate  bbynntha  |»r«icfibed  by 
faaliiua. 

"  I«arami  tniiit  \mt^  bad  mmti  Int^^lli- 
gtncc  iif  tbii^^'  munnQfed  Mrs,  Muc- 
t^tmnm ;  ''  or  aho  woukl  mvm  liii¥«»  b«ea 
•o  iiLsaltsut*^' 


TEMPTATtOlf, 
TtTE  r-triuMit  gii^t  Hi^j  ^n,  wbi*t1ed 
In*  iilg,    tliniiigb    Mri.    Muc^ 

liinu  ^r,iriotnt    portd*    in    FiftU 

AvBiiiM,  wti*  Mr.  SUlory  Fa.vnt% 

**B«  oivil  iQ  him,  my  ik-ar,'*  wbisipcr- 
•d  Mr.  Miioiiinuni  tu  hU  wifi*,  aa  bo 
baard  tJi«  naMie  anaou  iic«d,  '*  be  b  on#  uf 
our  f  bief  vrvtlitQfnJ'^ 

Mr.  f^illcry  i'ayiie  waa  a  K*tr  York 
OaUUrJty,  Ridi,  trai^i^ntd,  snfllciently 
baiid«i#riio,  with  alow,  iiwuut  Y,»i(x\  and  a 
baud  and  r^ot  of  tnarvetloiu  Mudlnatn. 
Hu  k'ui  |,(4.ii:i«  through  all  tb«  phaia 
i^of"  an  Ani4irtcnn    wfiu   bad   t^Mn   born 

^  ilby.  Had  umiiibletl,  gone  abrt>ai), 
iLiQiflit  11  dui^l  in  Paring  jjui  Mi,t»*-;-M^.»,i 
I,  '*  prvnented  '"  hi  l.^  ! 

3  riiriwsd  with   an   a*  r      ,  .     _d 

litthatt  vniet,  and  an  aftUinodhig  rvpuim* 
turn  for  ^mnes  f^frtfjtntit, 

i"  a  I*  ^  '-  after  bin  arrival^  be 


H.i!.'    Ml    Ml 

ttod  Iiidi.i 


•    I'r     t'lv    ,ijr  rLor    silk 

'  itb  an  uue;wy  iindo 


fft^tenHl  aa  it  wen  to  }t«r  1tp%  and  lb*  j 
tinri.al   bloom  of  ropge  reddening  beri 
€b«s€ki. 
**I    got   joup   meeMf^.      Tliankal'* 

wbiafsered  Mr.  cilery  Pavne*  aantlwicK- 
ing  tbe  sentence  betwceii  a  cmph  of  i 
audibly  com  jili  merit*,   **}if>\vdifinHmfcly  ( 
yunr   rmitnii  look   ta-njglit,   Mr*.   1dm* 
aimnnil" 

*^The  flowefi  are  pn*tty  I  thmk,"  re- 
plied liie  taiJy,  nmnuuus  a  prvtty  air  of  < 
toiat  ttneonsci'rUHneais  of  tbo  whi^j^t^r. 

"They  would  be  if  their  iiucer*  wer«| 
not  present, ^*  laid  Mr,  Silbry  Payijej> 
with  eo  dhavi  an  air  that  the  Miipid 
dommonplaee  was  immediately  elovat«d  i 
iiilci  a  cum  pi  i  men  I. 

**  Mr.  Payne,  I  forbid  compliments  for 
tbiii  evening,  and  nball  hanip^h   alt  who 
transgrtfi'a  ibe  ediel,"    and  a  jiiwnik, 
tbrejiteiiini;  wlttj    ber   fun   accornpaii^d  < 
Mrs,  Mar-Minunrs  pn^bibition. 

*'^Tbe  sfun  int^ht  ns  well  comf>eI  th« 
flower    Uf  rcffiiain    cUwicd    in   daytime, 
CoiitpHinervtH  are  the  iocenAt?  wbieh  ttia  ( 
diviniry  of  beauty  force*  from  u^.*' 

**  Yon  bave  disiobeyed  my  edict  Tott 
know  ibe  puni^tnueut.     Go  f* 

**  Well^  at  I  M«  a  whole  trtU  of  in- 
vited onea  flocking  in  to  pay  tbeir  t^mt- 
plimwntj!  Uy  you,  I  will  mmpi  niy  cxde 
with  a  giw«l  grace,  Ft>r  I  wnuKl  ratbar  - 
be  away  from  you  alic^tfierf  tbnti  be  in 
your  Tire*fenee  anil  not  be  able  to  tidk  to 
you  witiiout  ro^traint/* 

^*  Flatterer,  gvt  thee  bebind  mc !" 

^' Mei^t  nt«  in  an  hour  in  the  winter 
gardi>n  f  ^  and  wabunt  waiting  for  an  un- 
*wt?r,  Mr,  8i  I  It?  ry  Fuv'***  w^th  a  rar^-lesi 
lw»w  lumed  upun  bit  heel  ntu\  *4iunit*r^d 
iilT  to  4{uiz  tljp  ugly  Mliui  llhinetR'ck  wbo 
was  ocenpyiug  a  huge  aofa  in  profound 
iubtntle. 

*'  lU  the  way,**  naid  Mr.  Silb  ry  Pnvne» 
a*,  ait  botir  afterward^  Uo  ami  Ur*,  Mac- 
»imum  wore  ftb^^ly  wjilkitig  arm  In  arm 
in  Lbii  bilge  winter  garden  that  opened 
into  the  batbroitm.  '^  By  the  way«  1  iiee 
my  fricn^l  Madame  La  rami  lining  in  iba 
ball  What  jiart  U  iilie  to  play  in  liio 
nigbt-t  entvftonrm^ntii!' 

Mr^  V-i itbrrll|>».    Thiabad 

been  v  d  all  the  fvcning, 

Ijiranti  l. . ,  .    t  i**  ijU"-  tJ"»'  lMm»» 

until  Uf*.  UtieA\t\Hiii^  I  '  i  I     >  r  the 

iUm  tilio  rerpikred,  nril  vi-  '  "  !':^;  ("** 
Lien Uy  in  the  ball  walimg  nriul  Mime  one 
interrii;iat«*il  i^tr,  when  it  Wtm  a*  likely 
a^  nut  Vmi  nbu  wmtld  bnr<t  irut  wiiti  an 
er/Mui  *  *f  1.1 1  v  e  1 1  ti  re  ti  (iti  f  t«M4 .  M  m.  M^e^ 
iimnrn,  h«iwt*vcr,  muih  »  uyragei 

aud  r»^pllvHl  m  an  off  :  at. 


C«4 


Mf9.  Maedmum^i  BUL 


[D6& 


^  Ob  I  I  suppose  the  good  creature  is 
studying  her  protesnon.  I  believe  she 
asked  leave  to  sit  in  the  ball  and  watob 
the  ladies'  dresses." 

*^Hem!  Mr^.  Macsirauna,  there  isn^t 
a  word  of  trutii  in  that,  and  jon  know 
it." 

"  Mr.  Payne,  you  are  too  insolent,  sir. 
Let  us  return." 

"  Now,  my  dear  Mrs.  Maesimum,  do 
not  too  readily  take  offence  at  my  blunt- 
ness.  I  wish  sincerely  to  be  your  iHend. 
I  would  make  any  sacrifice,  no  matter 
what«  if  it  was  to  obtain  your  happiness. 
Why  not,  then,  confide  in  me  f  1  know 
that  you  need  a  fHend  into  whose  ear 
you  can  pour  all  your  troubles  and  your 
joys.    Let  me  be  that  friend." 

"Really,  Mr.  Payne,  L  don^t  know 
what  to  tliink ;  this  offer  is  so  strange — 
yet  if  it  were  sincere,  I  think" 

"  It  is,  it  ia,  sincere !  You  know  not, 
you  can  never  know,  how  I  bare  yearned 
for  this  hour.  With  what  crazed  long- 
ings I  have  waited  for  the  chanoe  that 
was  to  enable  me  to  assume  the  hal- 
lowed position  of  your  fHend.  It  may 
seem  cruel,  but  I  cannot  help  feeling  re- 
joiced at  this  little  annoyance  of  yours, 
since  it  gives  me  the  opportunity  of 
hastening  to  your  assistance.  It  is  the 
selflshne^  of  lovo  I" 

*^  Mr.  Payne,  I  must  not  listen  to  this. 
My  husband  " 

**  Your  husband  1  Excuse  me,  dear 
Mrs.  Macsimum  ;  bat  do  you  think  that 
your  husband  is  capable  of  understand- 
ing you  ?  Can  he  comprehend  that  sub- 
lime, yet  tender  nature,  in  which  a 
living  well  of  affection  is  inclosed,  and 
which  requires  only  the  touch  of  the  in- 
spired hand  to  flow  out  in  a  glorious 
stream?  Oh!  no,  dear  friend.  His 
nature  is  one  that  can  never  match  with 
yours!" 

This  bombast,  uttered,  as  it  was,  in  the 
most  melodious  of  voices,  and  accompa- 
nied by  pressures  of  the  hand  and  tender 
and  eloquent  glances,  seemed  to  Mrs. 
Maosimum, — whose  judgment  in  such 
mnttcrs  was  regulated  by  Indiana  and 
the  Mysteries  of  Paris— the  very  acme  of 
impassioned  pleading.  In  spite  of  the 
old  theory  of  boarding-school  misses,* 
women  of  thirty  are  far  more  apt  to  be 
carried  away  by  a  bit  of  romance  than 
the  bread-and-butterest  of  young  girls. 
It  is  their  last  chance,  and  they  make 
the  most  of  it.  Mrs.  Macsimum,  there- 
fore, could  not  long  resist  such  flattering 
eloquence,  and  soon  bestowed  on  Mr. 
8illery  Payne  that  oonfidenoe  for  which, 


according  to  his  own  account,  he  would 
sacrifice  so  much.  She  told  him  how 
this  bill  of  Larami'a  was  hanging  like  the 
sword  of  Damocles  over  her  head.  How 
that  pertinacious  milliner  was  deter- 
mined to  have  the  money  or  expose  her : 
and  how  she  dared  not  ask  her  husband 
for  So  large  an  amount,  because — ^because 
(here  she  stammered  a  little)  he  had  been 
so  very  liberal  to  her  lately. 

"Now,  my  dear  Aurelia,"  said  Mr. 
(tilery  Payne,  taking  her  hand  at  the 
same  moment  that  he  assumed  the  pre- 
rogative of  calling  her  by  her  first  name, 
"  my  dear  Aurelia,  there  b  one  little  fact 
connected  with  this  business  which  yon 
liave  omitted  to  mention.  I  do  not, 
however,  ne^d  any  information  on  the 
subject.  I  am  in  full  possession  of  all 
the  particulars.  Mr.  Macsimuin's  paper 
will  be  protested  to-morrow.  I  see  yon 
know  it  already — ^well,  you  now  see  how 
impossible  it  is  for  him  to  assist  you." 

"It  is  I  it  is  I"  iCried  Mrs.  Macsimum, 
utterly  humiliated,  and  trying  hard  to 
prevent  her  tears  from  streaking  her 
cheeks,  "I  see  it  all,  and  am  a  miserabla 
woman!" 

"  As  to  this  little  affair  of  I>arami*a| 
dear  Aurelia— £h  I  what's  that?"  and  he 
started,  as  something  rustled  through  an 
alley  of  huge  kalmias. 

"  Ohl  it's  the  pet  Lory,  I  suppose;  he 
sleeps  here  every  night." 

"Ah,  indeed!"  ejaculated  Mr.  Payne, 
much  relieved,  "  about  this  affair  of  La- 
rami's,"  he  continued,  "nothing  is 
simpler.  I  will  just  go  into  that  small 
room  there,  and  write  a  cheque,  which  I 
will  hand  her  in  your  presence.  As  for 
your  husband's  failure,  I,  being  chief 
creditor,  can  lessen  the  weight  of  the 
blow  considerably ;  nay,  I  can  save  him, 
and  I  will,  Aurelia,  if  you  will  only  con- 
sent to  call  me  friend.     Now,  try  once." 

"My  friend,"  murmured  Mrs.  Mao- 
simum, leaning  upon  his  shoulder. 
"  Thanks,  dear  Aurelia  !  Now  let  me 
go  and  appease  this  infuriated  milliner." 

As  they  stepped  from  the  dusky  con- 
servatory into  the  small  study  which 
opened  off  one  end,  a  gentleman,  seated 
at  a  table  writing,  met  their  view.  He 
turned,  on  hearing  their  footsteps,  and 
they  recognized  Mr.  Macsimum. 

"  Ah !  is  that  you,  Payne  ?"  he  cried, 
smiling  pleasantly,  "  you  catch  me  doing 
a  little  business  on  the  sly.  Well,  well, 
ril  have  done  with  it  for  to-night,  for  I 
can  see  you  want  a  tiU-d-tSte  with  my 
wife."  So  saying,  he  gathered  up  a 
oonple  of  slips  of  paper  on  which  he  nad 


1854.] 


Mn.  MaciimunC$  Bill. 


Mf 


been  writmir,  and  with  a  sort  of  qaizzi- 
oal  adieu,  left  the  room. 

^'Uappy  mortal!'*  sighed  Sillery 
Payne,  as  he  wrote  a  cheque  for  the 
amount  of  Larami's  bill;  **he  is  not 
suspicious/' 

*^  He  has  never  had  cause,'*  said  Mrs. 
Macsimum,  indignantly — then,  recollect- 
ing herself,  she  colored  violently,  and 
cracked  one  of  the  delicate  vanes*  of  her 
fan. 

Sillery  smiled. 

**Now,  Aurelia,"  said  be,  'Met  us  go 
and  see  Laraini." 

"  Pardon  me,  Mr.  Sillery  Payne,"  said 
Mr.  Macsimum,  presenting  himself  smil- 
ingly at  the  door,  Just  as  that  gentleman 
was  about  to  emerge  with  the  enchant- 
ing Aurelia  on  his  arm.  ^*  Pardon  me, 
Mr.  Sillery  Payne,  you  may  spare  your- 
self the  trouble.  I  have  just  had  an  in- 
terview with  that  amiable  tnodiiteJ*^ 

Mrs.  Macsimum  shrieked,  and  gliding 
to  the  nearest  sofa,  disposed  herself  in 
the  most  approved  c^^matose  attitude. 
Mr.  Sillery  Payne  fiddled  with  his  bre- 
toques^  while  an  air  of  unpleasant  silli- 
ne^,  commencing  at  his  boots,  began  to 
spread  itself  gradually  over  his  entire 
figure. 

*'I  am  immensely  indebted  to  you, 
Mr.  Pi^-ne,  Pw  ihe  interest  that  you 
take  in  my  wife's  affairs,  and  would  be 
only  too  happy  that  she  should  avail  her« 
self  of  your  liberal  offers,  if  tliere  was 
any  longer  a  necessity  for  it.  Thanks  to 
some  conversation  which  I  happened  to 
overhear  in  the  conservatory'* 

A  renewed  shriek  from  Mrs.  Macsi- 
mum on  the  sofa,  and  sudden  assumption 
of  a  more  striking  pote, 

"  Which  I  happened  to  overhear,"  con- 
tinued Mr.  Macsimum,  entirely  oblivioim 
of  his  s|>ouse*s  efforts  to  obtain  sympa- 
thy—  "  and  was  consequently  enabled 
tr>  Ik)  beforehand.  Madame  Larami,  Mr. 
Sillery  Payne,  I  have  the  honor  to  inform 
you,  has  just  been  paid  in  full." 

"  I  am  liappy  to  hear,  Mr.  Macsimum," 
answered  Mr.  Payne,  with  sarcastic  em- 
pha<;i8,  *'  that  your  affairs  are  in  so  flour- 
ishing a  condition.  I  trust  that  they 
will  remain  so  until  after  to-morrow." 


*^  When  I  drew  that  check,  Mr.  Payne, 
to  pay  for  my  wife's  follies,  it  was  the 
last  money  that  I  had  in  the  bank.  I 
gave  it  willingly,  sir,  because  I  preferred 
being  a  pauper  myself,  to  my  wife  l>eing 
a  beggar.  As  I  went  to  the  door,  sir,  a 
telegraphic  dispatch  from  Boston  mi-t 
me,  which  alters  the  face  of  my  affair;* 
considerably ;  and  if  Mr.  Sillery  Payne 
will  present  those  claims  on  the' firm  of 
Macsimum  &  Bullrnsh,  which  he  holds, 
to-morrow  at  twelve  o'clock,  ho  will 
find  little  traces  of  insolvency  in  their 
bank  account" 

At  this  juncture,  Mrs.  Mac<«imum 
seemed  to  be  restored  suddenly  to  ani- 
mation. She  forsook  her  elegant  atti- 
tude, and  came  over  timidly,  but  witli 
an  air  of  penitence,  whether  honest  or 
not  I  dare  not  speculate,  to  where  her 
husband  stood. 

*^  George,"  she  said,  in  a  low  voice, 
"you  have  read  me  a  lesson.  Will  you  com- 
plete vour  nobleness  by  forgiving  me?" 

"My  dear,"  answered  her  husband, 
**  I  have  too  much  to  blame  myself  for, 
not  to  bo  lenient  r^)  others.  Y(mi  may 
learn  one  thing,  however,  Aurelia,  that 
Madame  Laraini  is  a  dangerous  woman 
to  hold  any  power  over  you.  She  has 
been  known,"  and  he  fixea  his  eyes  upon 
Mr.  Sillery  Payne.  •*  to  be  in  the  pay  of 
oertain  fashionable  gentlerooa  for  the 
worst  purpJiees." 

"  I  see — I  see  it  all  now,"  murmured 
Mrs.  Macsimum,  hiding  her  burning 
choek  upon  her  husband's  shoulder. 

*^  Hush  I  think  no  more  of  it.  There  I 
are  you  not  engaged  to  Mr.  Payne  for 
this  dance f  Mr.  Payne !  my  wife  clai  •  is 
your  hand,  and  may  I  pray  that  this 
conjugal  exhibition  may  bo  no  bar  to 
that  friendship  which  you  so  feelingly 
solicited." 

Mr.  Sillery  Payne  bit  hi;)  lip  and 
bowed.  With  an  inward  curse,  he  took 
Mrs.  Mactiimnm's  hand,  and  was  soon 
whirling  her  off"  in  a  waltz ;  but  it  wa^ 
observed  by  the  guests  that  they  did  not 
dance  together  again  that  evenin;;. 

By  a  singular  coincidence,  the  same 
moment  saved  Mr.  Macdimum'ii  credit 
and  his  wife's  reputation. 


TOUIT.— 41 


•60  P)M- 

POWERS'    GREEK    SLAVE. 

A  FLASH  of  ssbrea,  and,  of  soimitani, — 
Shouts,  groanB,  then  sileaoe. — and  the  Orescent  waves 
Viotorions  oV  the  field,  where,  in  their  graves, 
The  yanqnished  dead  will  moulder.    But  such  wars 
Have  woes  that  stab  the  Grecian  mother's  heart 
Deeper  than  death :— in  far  Byzantium's  mart 
She  sees  her  captive  child — naked,  forlorn. 
Gazed  at  by  pitiless  epres — a  thing  of  soorn ! 
A  oommon  story,  which  the  artist  here 
Hath  writ  in  marble,  to  rebuke  the  strong 
Who  trample  on  the  weak; — and  ne'er  had  Wrong 
Opposing  witness  with  a  brow  more  clear. 

With  face  averted  and  with  shackled  hands, 

Olothed  only  with  her  chastity,  she  stands. 

Her  heart  is  full  of  tears,  as  any  rose 

Bending  beneath  a  shower ;  but  pride  and  scorn 

And  that  fine  feeling,  of  endurance  born. 

Have  strung  the  delicate  fibres  of  her  frame 

Till  not  a  tear  can  fall ! — Methinks  such  woes 

As  thine,  pale  sufferer,  might  rend  in  twain 

A  heart  of  sterner  stuff— and  yet,  the  flame 

Of  thy  pure  spirit,  like  the  sacred  light 

On  Hestia's  hearth,  burns  steadily  and  bright. 

Unswayed  by  sorrow's  gusts,  unquenched  by  sorrow's  rain. 

Thou  canst  confront,  dumb  marble  as  thou  art, 
And  silence  those  wnose  lying  lips  declare 
That  virtue  springs  from  circumstance,  not  Qod ; 
The  snow  that  falls  where  never  foot  imth  trod. 
On  bleakest  mountain-heights,  is  not  more  pure 
Than  thy  white  soul,  though  thou  stand'st  naked  then, 
Gazed  at  by  those  whose  lustful  passions  start 
With  every  heart-throb !    Long  may*st  thon  endure. 
To  vanquish  with  thy  calm,  immaculate  brow, 
Th'  nnholy  thoughts  of  men,  as  thou  dost  now ! 


SEA. 

EBB  and  flow  I    Ebb  and  flow ! 
By  basalt  crags,  through  caverns  low. 
Through  rifted  rocks,  o'er  pebbly  strandi 
On  windy  beaches  of  naked  sand  I 

To  and  fro  I    To  and  fro  I 

01)  anting  ever,  and  chanting  slow, 

Thy  harp  is  swept  with  liquid  hands, 

Ajid  thy  music  is  breathing  of  distant  lands  I 

Sweet  and  low  1    Sweet  and  low  I 

Those  golden  echoes,  I  surely  know. 

Thy  lips  are  rich  with  the  lazy  south, 

And  the  tuneful  icebergs  have  touched  thy  month  I 

Gome  and  go  1    Gome  and  go ! 

The  sun  may  shine,  the  winds  may  blow, 

But  thou  wut  ever  sing,  O  Sea ! 

And  I  never,  ahl  never  will  sing  lik«  theel 


IBM.] 


«et 


IDITORIAL    MOTIS. 


LlflEATUAl. 

Ajgsiie4ii,~Ii  ih4  tiAto  for  tu«tap^j* 
•fen]  tmdiw  on  ih^  iooniaAe  in  the 
Umted  Sutei,  nr  la  il  ftitn|>l  j  icoideDtal, 
th&t  Umw  a«w  workt  oa  Int^Uaotual 
Fliiloiioi^tijf  m&k«  tbeir  tpmann^  om 
HMrlr  lb«  ismt  d&y  I  Fnnident  Maii^h, 
of  dftratuid  Cbll^  Fr^dtknt  W^f* 
tJkM^  of  Brown  Vmvemij^  mid  Dr. 
EtQ»KiS«  of  Union  CijlJ«««,  bftvo  all 
fhfortct  nfi  witii  their  viewv  of  the 
**6ei«iioo  of  Ui*  Mind,'*  within  a  few 
ifMkf^  Maht&'i  book  b  ilie  uii^t 
thorough  of  th«  thr«%  trtAtlog  of  ihe 
enliro  phenoiUBiui  of  tiitii4  empirical 
«ad  mtlOQAl;  wU!k»  Dr.  Hiokoek'v  k  ^^on- 
fintd  to  the  etnplrioAl  hnndt,  mml  Dr. 
Wax1«nd*i  givw  only  oleniMiUry  viewn. 
Th«  Ifttter  nmkeii  tho  least  pretension  to 
orfglaiftlity  and  d»j>it^  and  tbo  fornjisr 
4h«  mrxit ;  tmt  Dr,  tlickook  ii  lupttrior 
to  vithar  \u  raal  tlevation  and  conBbt* 
«noj  of  thotigbfc.  PTMidont  Wayland 
adopta^  fof  thit  moat  part^  tho  t^^nhar 
MMH  ^  lli«  Sooiliah  lohool  of  mHii- 
ph:^-'--;  Dr.  Hidwiok,  lboa»  otsiiily 
(i!  Tina;  and Mihm«Miyiia»m 

iv^tr  ,..,^j  4  kind  oonadafwi  adcociciam> 
It  la  thoa  oiirio«ii  to  ■«•  tbfc«  of  tbo 
tnoft  dktuigniahad  taaobaia,  lo  thraa  of 
our  laftdinf  aamfficrlM,  oomiBig  U»  quita 
^(braiit  oondmdona  in  raapaet  to  iha 
^a«i^  of  what   ih^  itiU  oall  *'a 

Preildent  Maban  divldai  tba  iotaU««t' 
Oil  Caenltlaa  tnto  {iHtnai^  and  aaoond- 
■ry*-t(i«  primary  l^tfig  Mnaa^  ooiiae&oui- 
atid  raaaon,  wUoa#  liinotiooa  art 
tad  Ih*  aaeoodiiy  Muff 
IM  iimwifmifflag)  ludmaiit^  ii»oot 
adoiif  mtmory^  iQUjerTnalToii,  dio*  Pra- 
ittdant  Waylattd  divitloa  thvm  Into 
tht  peroe^ra  faotilti^  eonndoocnaM^ 
oriipal  iilimHon^  abftxiuMton,  nwmor^, 
rwinnrny,  laiaiftnation,  auit  Laata^  Dr. 
lliekook  hoj  »dU  anotbar  amni^ittiiant, 
which  li  that  of  senaa,  nndaralai^dtnf, 
and  riHMon.  Than  it  liana  a  constd^r^ 
abia  di^aranoa  of  daaaUlcatlun,  but  It  La 
Inaraaaad  whan  thay  coma  to  apaak  of 
iha  fViaotjona  Hiignad  to  thaaa  anppoaad 
fiM^uUlaa* 

Tli*i  0<aat  itnmhlinf-blofkj  of  all  tha 
matarl  &ra    tl>o»»    oofiOapUoiia 

whioli  timaa  oallad  oaoMmry 

iha  IhofUfht  of  apttoa^ 
Mtmii,  ioltiiity ,  te>,  te* 


Ifitmooil; 


Lbaaa  gal  into  tba  mind  than  G« 
tha  Third  waa  aa  to  how  tlia  applti 
into  tba  i]mriplin|jt«.  8<jnie  aupp4>»a  ap 
and  tlm^f  for  injitanco,  to  b«  iii^r^  oon* 
dttJona  of  tho  geDMibUitjf  more  furitw 
which  arts  nt^oeaaary  to  randar  th«  par- 
oaption  of  dm  extifrimi  world  poaslMa ; 
others  r«^giird  rb^rn  as  lawn  of  tha  nndar- 
standi rrg,  or»  in  f>Uior  words  «»  naoaa«*ry 
cftt4*gijritfcs  of  the  nolu>n-formirijBr  pawur; 
wlnlo  olitt*r«^  apiin,  fti»aak  of  Umm  aa 
«*on<M?ptioni  of  the  r^necin,  Dr*  Way- 
land  mlopt*  n  new  naino  entirely  fur  Iba 
tac^uhy  in  wb^eh  ibey  ori^inatt\  oalliof 
it  **  ori|i:tDal  *<iij^Kfe*tion,"  which  is  a  good 
namo  for  hh  tbnugbt,  If  not  for  tha 
aisnined  faculty.  Tbo  idea  of  titna  and 
apBOa  irt  thtta  put  tbrough  a  aariaa  of 
transformatii^ns  from  nuihlng  at  all  Uf 
to  an  abftolnta,  eternal^  and  n^oaiaary 
(^listenoQ;  and  a  Bkllfnl  aoalyaar  may 
prove  one*  viaw  of  it  Jnat  m  w(*1i  aa 
ajiot^^or.  In  faci^  tbb  if  trn«  of  naarly 
all  the  cohtrt^viirfitoii  of  the  matapbyai* 
otan«t  tbat  yi^  n locafif ill ly  demons 

jitrato  aod  ri  >  ica  alike,  whilaU 

makaa  Tor^  htue  mtiereiioa  to  arty  praa- 
tlail  lotarwat,  wbathar  Iha  onii*  or  tha 
othar  la  bald.      Th«y  ranembb  tba  dl»* 

Ctoi  of  tha  nchtHilmco  as  to  wh^t  num* 
r  of  aaffala  c^m\d  daoca  upon  tlte  puiai 
of  a  naadia,  anit  whothar  dat«rinlnad 
upon  thi«  aida  or  tliat,  aro  a<ina]ly  inl^ 
raatiog  and  Irnfiortani  It  may  b«  an 
objact  of  oohiftaqQanra  to  d<»ti^rniiaa 
whalhcr  a  gUmi  »em  out  of  bi»  «ya«  #r 
witbool  eythi^  but  tba  great  m^oHty  of 
men  do  not  care  iha  anap  of  a  fingar 
wbftthar  it  doaa  or  not^ 

Tha  truth  ia,  thai  Iha  grvitar  part  df 
thaaa  toatapbyitoal  «M«ilii&ontt  art 
utterly  empty  and  woriblaaa  Abttraelioiiai 
and  ha%*a  no  otbar  aflfact  than  to  wMia 
th«  intaretl  of  thoaa  who  ara  aagafod  Ift 
tbafo,  and  doUy  the  advaul  of  mi 
adanc^.  Tbey  ara  an  attavnpt  Oft  tlio 
part  of  men  to  hraatba  in  foawa  ■  -fa 
subaiit  and  move  about  in  a  rpaoo  whePi 
tbero  il  oothiog  lo  i(iit»wl*f.  upon — aad 
tba  a<:»*>aer,  Cb^ii,  iln^y  aro  drtimmad  out 
of  tha  domain  fif  Ktody,  tlii»  batter  for 
thaworhl  As  it  ii  l«Tf»«*«*bh«  for  man 
to   ooooolTe    tjf   ^  r^i^pt  aa 

aabaliljiig  i  n  a^mi^^  r  thnaa 

aahaniaa  o(  ponotrmugn^  una  ttiaia  n^ 
isBfobaa  into  tbinga  lo  thacwialraa  ara 
banhbad,  the  aoanar  w«  ahall  iial  ra- 
Uorad  of  Iba  ohimaraii  and  gorfom  ti 


M8 


Editorial  N0U9 — American  Literatur$, 


[Daa 


We  have  no  time  now  to  show  the 
gronndless  nature  of  metaphysics,  as  it  is 
6ommouly  jireseiited ;  but  at  our  leisure, 
we  hope  to  demonstrate  in  the  pages  of 
the  Monthly^  what  we  have  here  asserted 
M  eathedrd, 

— Mr.  Spooner's  book  on  Organic 
Ohriatianity,  is  scarcely  well  named, 
ft>r  it  does  not  proceed  upon  the  idea  of 
ati  organized  Christianity,  as  upon  that 
of  A  democratic,  or  congregational  Chris- 
tianity. Now,  democracy  in  the  Church, 
like  democracy  in  the  Stute,  is  rather 
the  absence  of  organization  than  its 
presence.  We  do  not  say  that  it  is  not 
better  tban  any  organization  which  has 
jet  been  devised,  but  only  that  it  is  not  a 
constructive  or  unifying  principle  in 
itiielf,  whatever  other  advantages  it  may 
poesess.  A  truly  organic  Ciiristianity 
would  be  one  in  which  the  Christian 
idea  should  be  tlioroughly  embodied  in 
•U  the  relations  of  society — and  will, 
doubtless,  in  the  course  of  time  be  at- 
tained—  but  a  provisional  arrangement 
ta  to  the  separate  power  and  functions 
of  the  laity  and  the  priesthood,  or  as  to 
the  terms  on  which  in<)ependent  mem- 
bers of  a  church  come  together  for  pur- 
poees  of  prayer  or  propagandism,  can 
not  be  called  an  organic  relation.  It  is 
a  convenient  temporary  form,  but  not 
a  deep  coherent  unity,  proceeding  from 
ao  indwelling  formative  law,  as  we  see 
in  all  real  organizations.  The  Apostle 
•peaks  of  the  church  as  '^a  body,"  but 
we  look  in  vain  over  the  face  of  the 
earth  for  any  example  of  this  type 
in  the  assemblages  of  Christians.  They 
are  only  aggregations  such  as  take  place 
in  organic  nature,  or  elt^  they  are  con- 
glomerations held  together  partly  by 
biward  cohesion,  but  mainly  by  external 
pressure — the  despotism  of  the  St^te  or 
^e  hierarchy. 

But,  though  misleading  in  its  name, 
Mr.  8pooner*s  book  is  not  without  in- 
terest as  a  history  of  ecclesiastical  es- 
tablishments. Wo  have  noted  a  few 
minor  errors  in  his  statements  of  facts, 
bot  on  the  whole,  it  displays  compre- 
hensive and  accurate  information. 

— Phillips,  Sampson  &  Co.,  of  Boston, 
have  recently  issued  a  beautiful  edition, 
in  two  volumes,  of  the  dramatic  works 
of  Beaumont  and  Flbtohsb.  It  is  taken 
from  the  English  edition  of  Alexander 
Djoe,  which  is  the  best,  we  believe,  ex- 
tant, and  besides  the  lives  of  the  authors, 
with  a  criticism  of  their  writings,  con- 
tiina  ample  illustrative  notes.  In  spite 
of  the  occasional  offences  of  these  old 


dramatists  against  morality  and  sound 
taste,  we  are  glad  to  see  their  robust 
English  and  vigorous  conceptions  repro- 
duced in  these  days. 

— Among  the  ripest  fruits  of  Bayard 
Tatlob's  travels  in  the  East,  is  a  new 
volume  of  poems,  which  he  names.  Poem* 
of  the  Orient^  and  which  are  full  of  tlie 
warm,  ruddy,  imaginative  life  of  tlie 
climes  of  the  sun.  In  a  graceful  and 
generous  dedicatory  epistle  from  Mount 
Tmolus,  addressed  to  his  brother-poet, 
Stoddard,  he  explains  that  his  object  is 
not  to  breathe  the  air  of  lost  Elysium — 

"  Pluck  the  snowy  b«ll», 
Of  lotus  and  OlympUn  sf phodeU,"— 

but  to  find  a  late  content,  in  nature  and 
her  myriad  shows — 

**  Better  contented  with  one  living  rote. 

Than  all  the  gods'  ambrosia ;  sternly  bent 

On  wresting  from  her  hand  the  cup,  whence  flows 

The  flarors  of  her  ruddiest  life— the  change 

Of  climes  and  races— the  unshackled  range 

Of  all  experience — ^that  my  song  may  show. 

The  warm  red  blood  that  beats  in  hearts  of  men. 

And  those  who  read  them  In  the  festering  den 

Of  cities  may  behold  the  open  sky. 

And  hear  the  rhythm  of  the  winds  that  blow 

InsUnct  with  freedom.    Blame  me  not  that  I 

Find  in  the  forms  of  earth  a  deeper  Joy 

Than  in  the  dreams  which  lured  me  as  a  boy." 

We  find  accordingly  in  the  Nile,  the 
Jerusalem,  the  Tyre,  &c.,  &c.,  fine  in- 
spirations drawn  from  those  old  eternal 
objects,  but  mingled  with  them  also,  the 
wild  dreams  of  the  desert,  and  Arabian 
sentiment  and  tradition.  The  poet  trans- 
ports us  on  the  wings  of  his  imagination 
to  the  morning-lands,  and  we  revel  with 
him  in  the  delicious  intoxication  of  its 
odors  and  gleams.  We  are  free  to  say 
that  these  poems  are  the  best  things  that 
he  has  done,  and  will  greatly  add  to  his 
reputation  as  a  poet.  As  several  of  them 
have  already  appeared  in  the  pages  of 
the  Monthly^  we  forbear  to  extract  any, 
as  we  have  been  strongly  tempted  to  do. 

— The  Appletons  have  performed  an 
acceptable  service  to  the  admirers  of  Ms. 
Bbtant^s  poetry,  by  presenting  it  in  two 
small  neat  volumes,  handsomely  printed 
and  bound.  The  previous  editions  have 
been  for  the  most  part  unattractive  and 
cumbersome,  and,  in  some  instances,  be- 
yond the  reach  of  many  readers  on  ac- 
count of  their  price,  "out  in  this  plea- 
sant edition  wo  have  all  that  the  poet 
has  written  up  to  the  present  time,  includ- 
ing the  beautiful  lyric,  the  ^^Conque- 
rors Grave,"  which  appeared  in  Putnam'9 
Monthly. — a  short  time  since.  The  ex- 
quisite finish,  grace,  and  sweetness  of 
Bryant's  poems  make  them  perennials, 
and  everybody  will  be  glad  to  posaesa 
them  in  a  suitable  yaae  or  oaskek    It  li 


1M4.] 


Miiis^rM  Jf&iM^-Ammem  lAmratun. 


009 


wM  la  t[i«  pref^oft  to  tbb  cditim  tlmt 
tli«  poemi  Appeur  wiih  ''  some  tmi\M  of 
diotum  and  vdriiJi<»tioo  oorrwsted,*' — 
whiob  ImpliMt  wlmt  wu  hud  BOp[ioBed 
Itnpottibla. '  Tli«j  had  olw^ays  ft«emed 
to  u  iHj  (>«rrf^t,  tiotli  m  lotigiiift  &nd 
BU^uoiure,  that  tlie  ideft  «f  imprOTing 
Ui«m  in  any  wa^  oever  enLered  oar 
hMdc  Wq  liBTo  oo(i«eq^ientl^  looked 
tlmmfh  8t¥«nil  wilh  some  tmt^  to  mm 
to  WMt  r«i|ic^  Uie/  hid  tH»dfi  dtef«d, 
Int  wi  oaiif«M  that  we  have  not  been 
■bio  to  i^n^csm^t^  Indeed  we  i«liciul<i  hftv-t 
beeti  ioiry  to  0od  Knywhorc  tlio  change 
of  a  Bingb  Hue  or  pWa*i9«  Thejr  ar«  Itu- 
prepeod  upon  oar  ifUftgin&Uoni  aiid 
Mru.  us  tJicvjr  were  Hm  (rritiU^,  ftud 
liM  ebaii^  of  a  word,  even  for  Uio  butter, 
fti  the  Aiitbor  himcelf  itiifbt  deem  It, 
woald  be  m  repuiKmrit  ae  a  *'  oew  r«id- 
ing^  of  Slmkedpekre  Is  to  the  g^paioe 
adiiiirem  of  ttie  itutiiorLiil  iiiaal«r.  Tli« 
nmmmt  |)oeai  \n  theee  voluiiiea  b  cftUed 
the  ^  Vuico  of  Aatnuin,'' — one  of  tbaee 
tooder,  eweet^  and  aubdy  linigiaKtlve 
iliidiea  df  nctore,  which  have  placed  the 
aiitii.>f  of  the  '^WaierfowK*'  and  the 
**  Death  of  ttie  Flowcrt,"  among  the  fint 
of  Mt  Glas»» 

— Tbt  taemoin  of  Ntipt^Uoiv^  hit 
Oowrt  mnd  Family,  by  the  DuoimeE 
D^AnuMTVi, — among  the  beat  of  the  na« 
mefoaa  aoooutite  wliich  have  been  gives ix, 
on  the  fiiTorabie  aide  of  tbe  great  cap- 
taiit — lifn*  hmn  teaiied  ia  two  Urge  hami* 
■Ofi  rn  by  the  A}>|«letoiw.      Ai 

Ma  "l  was  for  many  yma.r%  on 

aecriiuii  in  ihe  official  p<i«iilija  of  her 
kBiliand,  alrooet  a  matnbcr  of  the  iitipe* 
MboaaeMtf  --  •  ^-A  tbe  h«et  of  o|>- 
jmWiAtim  f^  the  character  of 

boonifte^^h, .  ..  v. ,,  ia  both  auiiientio 
Md  l«ll  of  tutereiL  jibe  baa  a  qaicik 
dliOtrfiiiient  of  character^  foodiitaa  for 
go<iiip,  and  a  Uvvly  »ty)e^  bo  tJiat  her 
remjfii«eetine»  cnin^lae  the  vivajcity  of 
«tc»r|-ielliiig  with  the  geattiiieiiei»  of  hie* 
torf  *  8he  U  dcmhtlM  ioi»  inudi  dia- 
Mieed  to  mn  ^'ood  (^nalllioe  of 

her  hetfi,  liir  rvot  dvitfy  him,  aa 

Mr.  Ah^  :  ;<  in  ti> 

iOfDepji!  «r'ii  an^* 

thing;  b(ti^  ^tnti\ih,i\  tini*t»  vtjiiuiiioa  eoii* 
rnlu  portnut^  of  the  liadbtg  ni«iab«a  of 

tbi^  V 1 i.'.....:K. 

by  v  *sj%ivmnm,  h  a 

haj'  ng  en* 

pn  i^nta  of 

ihe    l^1  ,j|  %  ivtti'r^prcee  oum* 

IDentAr  > .  I  n  a  pbii)  and  pra<}ti- 

oal,  bet  wiu4ut>|{  i»(yle.    Tbe  author  m* 


daavora  to  draw  from  the  simple  atoHea 
of  the  Teatameutf  the  dt?ep  Hoiiitual  wia- 
dom  whiob  tliey  oimtalu,  um  i*^  apply  \% 
to  the  oonduot  of  hfo.  Ho  writer  in  jlq 
eamcst  religiuoa  iplrit,  iii**m  in  ton  t  upon 
enfiirdng  ubrioua  iruLhf  tljuu  Uf»0[i  tlio 
display  of  bit  learuJngor  diwjiKnitMi,  The 
liouk  k  Uwiutifiilly  produced  by  the 
publishers,  E,  H.  Butler  Si  Co.,  of  Fhiift* 
d«lphlfi, 

— The  EUmmt*  ^  Ch^racUr^  h  the 
name  of  a  anuill  6asay  by  Uamt  Q, 
OiiAicoixa,  in  which  the  iniportanca  of 
a  htfh  obaractiP'r.  Tinrl  thu  v&lae  of  Chria* 
ttan  manner  -^  nation  nre  un- 

folded«     The  t^  .IT  always  good, 

and  aometunee  proiuuud^  aud  tJie  6ctitl- 
menta  derated  aud  J^b«ruL  It  in  cbMy 
addreawd  to  women,  btu  m^y  be  read 
with  prodt  by  men  m  wi*IL 

— Mr.Oalviti  Blu  s 

baa  reprinied  Mien  i 

of  O^mU^t  Ph  ik*opht/  ,v. 
ready  referred  to  in  tlu*  u 

of  the  moat  recriarkabk  w%nu^  ^i  tuv  uuy^ 
In  the  ijibara  of  eeltaoo  tht^i-e  ia  no 
tliinkcrr  whoee  genefalixations  are  more 
Wautiful  and  eoaaittent  than  ihoae  of 
Oumtci^  thongh  bii  lehemet  ai  a  whole, 
can  tiardiy  be  oalled  a  phib^uphy.  It  ia 
preparatory  to  a  pbilao^hy,  btit  any  fiya- 
t<>tn  which  omtta  tlio  idea  of  the  JuA- 
nite  Atid  the  utiooiiilitioned,  muni  be  an 
empirical  edanoe,  and  nut  a  ralioaid  phi* 
loaoiphy.  At  tlie  aame  tlEn«^  we  reoog- 
nize  in  Oomte  oertain  rtowa^  that  aii)  m 
tlie  Itlgbett  degree  iiopurtant,  and  whidi, 
eonai&tentjy  carried  oui^  might  l«ad  to  a 
uubier  eciudcption  of  the  destiny  of  man, 

tlian  tnt»t  of  iJr'  it   Uieoriea  aa  to 

human  life.     i\  lal  remarki^  on 

the  relattoni  a^u.  .^.^....^^^of  the  aeparata 
eoieaeea,  have  ofleu  a  morvelbna  aaga* 
diy  and  deptli  in  them ;  and,  indeed,  aU 
hie  apecaktlona  are  e&treniely  valnabia 
to  tboie  who  are  anffidently  aoouatomed 
to  inch  *tadiL*«  to  detect  thotr  Tery  aig^ 
uai  ertora,  Weak  heada,  howcTor,  are 
liable  to  be  led  by  him  ifito  the  Serbo* 
niam  boga.  Mr.  Blaadiard  haa  primed 
the  votuj&e  in  the  flaeal  aiyle  oi  type" 


^ji„ 


— MiaiCooFis,  wboeo''*^      '  'Toiin" 
waa  one  of  the  moat  '  aad 

agreeable  booka  ever  wrutM* a  the 

countryf  worth?  of  a  plaoe  b>  \im  i^ide 
of  White'*  **ilatiit»l  IJi-t.-rv  >,r  Hd* 
borne ''  haa  laid  ui  undi^r  iiliga* 

tiiina  by  a  new  work  cji  >%^m0 

and  Riu^^  c/  CQuntr^  Lijc,  it  \%  not, 
like  thi»  previouit  book«  a  work  of  ori* 
ginal  obaervatioQ  and  Uifarence  ^  hut  I 


vto 


BdiU^rM  Noi$9—Amencim  LUmUmn. 


(Dia 


ntber,  a  work  of  selections,  oonneoted 
together  by  a  mere  thread  of  remark. 
After  a  most  ablj  written  introdnction 
on  the  f^eneral  subject  of  the  inflnence  of 
a  love  for  the  beantiee  of  nature  and 
mrol  life,  a  series  of  the  objects  and 
pastimes  most  common  to  the  conotrj 
are  described  in  the  words  of  the  great 
writers  and  poets — woven  together,  if 
we  may  po  express  it,  into  a  chaplet  of 
pearls  and  roses.  The  large  reading  and 
fine  taste  of  Miss  Coo[)er  are  admirably 
displayed  in  her  choice  as  well  as  ar- 
rangement of  the  flowers  which  go  to 
make  np  her  several  boaqnets.  From 
Heeiod  and  Homer,  to  Longfellow  and 
Lowell,  she  appears  to  have  left  no  rare 
and  precious  aesoription  of  her  topics 
vnnoticed.  It  is  evident,  however,  that 
in  her  view  the  **  Rhyme  "  of  country 
life  predominates  over  the  "Reason," 
or,  at  any  rare,  that  the  poets  have  done 
an  ampler  and  nicer  justice  to  its  varied 
anpects  than  the  prosers.  For  one  ex- 
tract from  the  latter  she  presents  us  a 
dozen  from  the  former, — which  is  no 
more  than  just.  Miss  Cooper's  book  is 
precii»ely  such  a  book  as  cultivated  per- 
sons like  to  snatch  up,  for  a  spare  hour, 
during  the  long  evenings  of  winter,  in 
the  country,  or  tj  carry  out  with  them, 
in  the  summer  time,*  to  the  shade  of 
some  favorite  arbor  or  tree.  It  is 
prettily  illustrated,  too,  from  original  de- 
signs by  D6pler,  and  in  its  typographical 
execution  does  honor  to  the  publisher. 

— The  Knieherhoeher  Gallery,  One 
of  the  most  graceful  testimonials  ever 
paid  to  a  literary  laborer  is  the  compli- 
mentary v(»lume  which  has  been  made 
up  by  the  various  gentlemen  who  have 
been  contributors  to  the  Knieherhoeher 
liaganne,  as  a  token  of  kindly  appreci- 
ation of  the  editor  of  that  patriarch  of 
the  American  monthlies,  Lxwis  Gat- 
M)RD  Olark.  There  are  some  fifty  con- 
tributors to  this  unique  volume,  and 
among  them  are  some  of  the  highest 
names  in  American  literature.  Wash- 
ington Irving  heads  the  list,  and  a  poeti- 
cal address  from  Fitz  Green  Halleck 
closes  the  volume.  Clustering  around 
these  patriachs  of  the  literary  family  of 
the  New  World,  are  many  of  the  yonnger 
brood  of  our  authors,  who  have  already 
distinguished  themselves  by  their  brilli- 
ant productions,  as  well  as  most  of  those 
whose  writings  are  ranked  among  the 
classics.  The  volume  is  one  of  the  most 
anmptnous  and  elegant  that  has  been 
published  here,  and  its  enriohmenta  ara 
mod  forty  portraiti,  which  ha?6  beaa 


•ngraved  expressly  for  it ;  it  will  be  m 
splendid  oolleotion  of  the  heads  of  onr 
beet  authors,  painted  and  engraved  by 
our  best  artists ;  and,  as  the  profits  of 
the  volume  are  to  be  invested  in  a  home- 
stead for  the  benefit  of  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  popular  of  our  magazine  edit- 
ors, it  would  be  a  gratuitous  afl^nt  to 
the  patriotism  and  intelligence  of  onr 
country  to  doubt  that  it  wiJU  have  a  very 
extensive  sale.  What  American,  with  m  i 
heart  in  his  bosom,  and  a  glimmer  of  ' 
love  for  his  country^  but  will  desire  to 
be  the  possessor  of  such  a  volume  t  The 
publisher  of  the  Knieherboeier  OaUerp^ 
is  Mr.  Samuel  Hueston. 

— Oeme  by  the  Way-Side  is  the  titla 
of  a  volume  of  very  well-intentioned 
"religious  and  domestic"  poetry,  by 
Ltdia  Baxter,  just  published  by  Shel- 
don, Lamport  &  Blakeman. — ^Wbat  oaa 
be  said  of  such  publications,  but  that  all 
poems  are,  or  snonld  be,  religious,  and 
that  no  poetry  can  be  called  domestic, 
until  it  has  been  domesticated,  as  moat 
poetry  is  sure  to  be.  Mrs.  Baxter  dedi- 
cates her  volume,  with  great  propriety^ 
to  her  husband. 

— Lily  Gordon^  the  Young  Bouse- 
keeper^  by  Coxrsiif  Katb,  is  a  republica- 
tion by  A.  D.  F.  Randolph,  of  New  York. 
The  story  is  Scotch,  and,  in  spite  of  the 
admixture  of  religion  and  household 
affairs,  it  is  very  pleasant  reading. 

— 2%0  Lost  Hevreee  is  the  title  of  Mrs. 
SouTHWORTH^s  last  novcl,  published  by 
Peterson,  of  Philadelphia;  it  is  longer 
than  some  of  her  previous  productions, 
but  not  less  entertaining,  or  natural  in 
the  development  of  the  author^s  design. 
Mrs.  Southworth  is  a  very  rapid  and 
fluent  writer,  but  she  possesses  the  pecu- 
liarly feminine  art  of  arresting  the  atten- 
tion and  keeping  her  reader  to  her  pages, 
until  she  dismisses  him  at  the  end.  Her 
scenes  are  eminently  local,  and  all  her 
scenery  home-hke  and  familiar ;  she  cos- 
tumes her  figures  admirably,  and  if  she 
would  try  to  be  a  little  less  melo-drama- 
tic,  although  the  immediate  sale  of  her 
romances  might  be  diminished,  her  per- 
manent popularity  would  be  increased. 

— ^The  Weatmineter  Heview^i  notice  of 
Mrs.  Stowe^s  Sunny  Memoriee^  condudet 
with  the  following  little  bit  of  superflu- 
ous pathos:  ^^  We  cannot  think,  with* 
out  a  touch  of  sadness,  that  the  lily,  the 
ivy,  the  daisy,  the  blue-bell,  the  prim- 
rose, those  concrete  poems  of  oar  ehild- 
hood^poems  that  can  be  seen,  and  Mt^ 
and  handled,  and  understood  befloreja 
word  can  be  spelt— are  mdre 


ii24*J 


Sdiimiai  JVbfet — Mn^luh  Likfatui^, 


•H 


idthoat  mfiinlfig  to  aor  kinsfolk  across 
tilt  grmX  ocoftn;  Aod  j«t  the  DAm^ 
miMt  |j<«  &iiiiiiftr  lo  ibepo  fn>m  «ftrU«al 

W#  ihall  next  a««  *  kmmt  in  mma  of 
tli«  IrfiiMloD  luptim,  over  our  )gi»»rftDiM» 
ol  tb«  pnetMil  ploAMtrei  of  brcftkfail 
pftrtlts,  wblcU  lint.  8ti>w4»  Kiv<»  the 
^urld  to  undomuind  kto  unkinjwn  os 
this  iid»  of  the  A  tl  aiitie.  N  ni  hii&g  oould 
!•  imtre  imtunLl  tbi^ti  for  th«  Engliih 
fgjfl^T*  i><  ^'  -  "^^  «w0*!i  *Sujw»f  ifctftmii 
lo  imji^t  II  erics  wjis  A  flower- 

Um  liititj.  ■ -.li«*,  dnkl.'s   tvv  ]m*«i 

&ii4  huLljr  arn  anknowii,  name, 

h  wiil,  tdmi^  be  itifeiT«ii    ^  ti>rciga 

readarw  of  Mra.  Btowif*»  bciok,  tktl  w« 
art  &"«  dtiat]t(it«»  of  picturtM  iitid  olher  ob- 
Jeoto  of  in«  aa  w«  are  of  lili^  «fi4  dav* 
««it  Wa  beg  to  assure  the  W'&ttminMUr 
Mmim^  lliat  it«  ''  louch  uf  MdneM*'  ii 
wtici^  tmiweaaaaiy ;  wo  Imve  IHitja  and 
iff  ia  alitiDdafiea,  and  fdentj  of  *^  Oan^ 
oreta  Foetmi*'  ht  iba  margltui  of  all  oar 
^eiida  and  m\m\A, 

^LfUHa  i*  iha  titta  of  a  dramaijo 
pmm^  |iiibii«b«d  by  Tiokoor  h  Flelda 
of  B<»lb)fit  wllioh  we  are  oompalled  to 
tm\^  a  tnora  el tended  doiIoa  of  thie 
month.  Lyleria  \%  in  tJi«t  jnariiK^r  of  Tal- 
foord^i  /tin,  and  will  hanlly  be  niuked 
babw  that  Mfverelf  iila9»iQiil  produotiim. 
Wa  dara  oot  ho^te  K>oii  lo  read  a  tra- 
fadf  Iroifi  an  fififliih  or  an  Afri«Hcaii 
poif  tbal  will  paaim  Uia  clemi  ntal  life 
4tf  Iha  Graak  or  E]tzii^»elli«n  drama; 
h«A  wa  ibaJl  regard  with  «iitMfaistioii 
«Tii7  new  altaBipi  tkal  b  niada  in  drap 
illlo^  Ibough  we  liave  jei 
I  of  tba  Keniija  of  our 
oavMjP  Wlf  fiivoraliU  (n  tliat  form  4^ 
datalnimiast,  W«  undomuind  thmt  Mr. 
Jofluii  P.  QiTiscTfOf  Boston,  U  th«  au- 
iiiof  of  Lffitti^^ 

Enouaii.^TlM  BHUah  JoumaK  noir 
UbiA  EaclMid  k  ac  war  wltli  fisMia,  aw 
i^  noliiint  pond  or  fanU«r  tn  Boialaa 
nivHiaaUon ;  bitt  lienu  nunc  Ro«cb,  wba 
WM  taken  firteooer  in  liio  Tifir,  near 
CMawia,  and  earned  to  St,  Fistunhurifh. 
Nl  kia  ^'Mn^lith  Ptimtkm^  in  l£mmia,*' 
#tr«i  Um  mnal  ^wmMm  aoeonnt  of 
Mviaa  klndnaee  and  elnman^.  Nut 
M1I7  iinoQf  tile  dfficiaU,  who  maj  bw 
anfipoied  U»  have  liad  a  fiart  to  [da*, 
m  m  tba  inad^  averywhere^  atnong  the 
OMnmona^t  paonle,  theaa  firiWMism  wera 
traafad  with  i)i«  ufuto«£  Nin4daraa«i 
and  icood  Jfci  l  mannem  of  a^ 

a!ia»t  cUbn^^  ,„d  frank,  kind, 

Craa^  without  Uuug  eondaioendtng^ 


while  the  lower  lort  ofbeo  put  tliam* 
aalvea  out  of  the  waj  to  obliiee  tbaif 
captur«d  enetni^ML  Of  hi»  iuterview 
witlj  Uic  Ti-r;  highoet  panona  in  iha 
otnprc^  Lieottnaot  Koger  giirai  tliii*  da^ 
aonpUon  i  It  ml  of  tbtt  Qrand  Dnt«be«a 
and  Grand  Ihike  Oon^tanttne. 

'^  I  miM  nUndin^,  l«anitig  over  a  nbaie  ' 
and  looking  out  of  a  winnow^  with  mf  I 
back  at  th«  door,  when  I  h«ard  thiM 
wtjrdift^  in  a  nletaing  tone  and  in  gooA 
KngLbh,  with  a  dii^ht  foreign  aot^nw 
*  y<ni  are  waiting  for  Um  timad  Xhikt^  I 
mppoiut^    I  turned  round,  and,  a  litUt 
to  my  confufion,  saw  tbroo  ladiea  itAnd^  I 
ing  doaa  bj  ma.    J  bowed  msptetfnlly 
tothi^lidy  in  advance,  and  repHetl  thai 
I  had  been  dirf^cLtid  io  meat  hi*  ImpcHal 
Higbncia  at  eight  o^elook.    The  Uraud 
iJueheii^  f(>r  it  was  no  other  who  now 
honored  tm  with  her  oonireraaMon,  waa  J 
aocotnpimiiHl   by  two  of  her  lidlaa*in«  1 
waiting.     Her  Imperial  Uigiineni  tald 
Aba  bad  heard  nf  my  having  b«ao  ui»- 
weJl,  and  expfmied  a  hope  that  I  wan 
baCtar.     J  rcplitud  that  I  bad  only  f 
from  my  bi?d  In  obttdieoois  to  the  0 
nmndjiof  theiimtid  Duke*    H«r  lnipii*j 
rial  U]ghttL<ii>i  thuu  infonoad  ma  that  ' 
-WM  urio«irtain  wb«n   tlia  Grand   Duk«  | 
wonid  return;  And  added,  in  tJie  mnet^j 
naif  manner,  that  l  might  know  wbo  wai  [ 
addraiaing  m^^  'Even  I  do  not  kn^iw,  { 
and  1  am  bit  wij'et'     I  agAiu   Uov/«d} 
whtin  flho  KAid  that  ah^  flhouid  cc^rt^ttdy 
haar  if  be  wai  detaiuod,  and  would  L«l 
tna  kn€»w  t    she  reo4>n)mi»]itk^i   luo,   la 
the  meanwhile,  to  wait,  »Aying  tbAl  aba  ^ 
would  tend  me  eonii  tc^  ujid  Uie 
Engiyb  newfpaper,  whidi  had  juHt  oi«in#  t 
to  liand*     Bhe  ttion  retired,   with  her  i 
attendaata,  by  the  di^ir  at  which  all* 
had  «a|«f«d«  •        «        •        • 

**  PfMenily  a  atrvaat  iotifad  witli  tb9«| 
njkiial   Ida  AjiparatOir — one  tc^fiot  ov^i 
another,  a*  already  deeoribnd^    1  qnit*  j 
Mdfiyed   ihie    refiaehing  drink,   In  ikm  \ 
IkM  which  I  Anffared  from  iha  fe*ar; 
mud  it  waa  veiry  S  prwpm^  a*  I  had  to 
wait  till  t«n  n'dttak.    At  tlitj  ht*uT  I 
httfd  A  mu  ainoog  tli«  aerrautii  in  tha 
aoi«-|indai  nod  oyodaded  ibat  U*  Im* 
parial  ffighnaae  had  Juat    arrivod.     I 
looked  out  of  the  witidow,  and  aaw  a 
ganllatiian    is    uniform,  with    a    1a4f 
onoiing  Ihrongli  tha  gaidan,  foUowaa 
ad  eoma  diatanea  by  an  nAaar  In  an  Mda* 
da<!AiTip*i   onifurm  witli   aaoiJier  kdy  1 
(Ml  hie  arm,     Praaantly  ttiv  tlrxuA  Duka 
aniared    alone  with  hU  ^"f^J 

and,  ooming  up  U»  tae^  hvy.  iummA 

U>  ihake  handa;    ha  addrajaed   ma  4tl 


6f2 


JSditorial  Notu — Engluh  Literahun, 


pec. 


Englisli,  hoped  I  was  bettor,  and  re- 
gretted my  having  had  to  wait  so  long. 
He  tlien  motioned  me  to  enter  another 
apartment,  the  door  of  which  had  Just 
been  opened  by  one  of  the  servants. 
Here  we  were  left  alone,  and  I  was  put 
quite  at  my  ease  by  hia  Imperial  High- 
nesses aftubility;  he  requested  me  to 
sit  down,  and  ordered  tea  and  wine, 
which  were  brought  and  set  on  two 
separate  tables  placed  by  us:  he  took 
some  wine,  and  asked  me  to  help  my- 
self, while  he  smoked  the  amber- 
mouthed  pipe  presented,  to  him  by  the 
attendant. 

— The  English  publishing  trade  has 
been  remarkably  inactive  for  the  past 
month,  but  promises  to  resume  its  activ- 
ity during  the  winter.  Among  the 
books  announced,  and  some  of  which 
will  have  been  issued  before  this  notice 
reaches  the  reader,  are,  the  long-expected 
continuation  of  his  History  of  England^ 
by  Mr.  Macaulay,  and  the  final  volume 
of  Qrott^  Greece^  a  capital  work  in 
every  respect.  The  lists  also  speak 
of  the  third  volume  of  the  Memorials 
and  Correspondence  of  Charles  James 
Fox^  edited  by  Lord*  John  Russell — 
of  Mr.  Kay'a  Governors- General  of 
India — of  a  new  work,  Romany  Rye^ 
by  Mr.  Geflrgo  Borrow — of  a  work  on 
Polynesian  ifythology^  by  Sir  George 
Grey,  of  which  we  luar  curious  accounts 
—of  Mr.  I^slicV  Ilandhooh  for  Young 
Painters — of  ii  larjie  edition  of  the  works 
of  Arago,  and  tlio  concluding  volume  of 
Col.  Snbine^s  translation  of  Uumboldt^s 
Cosmos — of  Mrs.  Jameson's  Common- 
place  Bool' — Thirty  Years  of  Foreign 
Policy^  by  tiie  anilior  of  B.  Disraeli:  a 
Biography^  and  Lord  Carlisle's  Diary  in 
Turkish  and  Grceh  Waters—of  new 
poems  by  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere,  Sydney 
Yendys,  and  Mr.  Alexander  Smith— of 
two  volumes  of  translations  by  Mr. 
George  Borrow,  Songs  of  Europe^  being 
metrical  translations  from  all  the  Euro- 
pean languages,  and  Kampe  Viser :  Songs 
about  Giants  and  Heroes^  from  the  Danish 
—of  new  tales  by  Mr.  Charles  Lever, 
Miss  G.  E.  Jewsbury,  Mrs.  Marsh— of 
new  biographies  by  Mr.  Bayle  St.  John, 
Mr  John  Forster — with  a  life  of  the  poet 
Montgomery,  from  the  pen  of  Messrs. 
Holland  and  Everetl — and,  among  more 
miscellaneous  works,  of  Dr.  Doran'a 
BabiU  and  Men-^Ur.  J.  A.  St.  John's 
Philosophy  at  the  Foot  of  the  Cross-- 
Mr.  Bell'B  Town  Life  of  the  Restoration 
—Mr.  Hepworth  Dizon'f  Dommtic  lAfo 


during  the  Civil  War — Mr.  Howitt's 
li^ote  Booh  of  a  Young  Adventurer  in  the 
Wilds  of  Australia^  and.  Traditions 
and  Superstitions  of  the  Xetc  Zealanders^ 
by  Mr.  £.  Shortland. 

— William  Jay,  of  Bath,  has  been  so 
long  known  to  the  extensive  class  of  re- 
ligious readers  tliat  his  Autobiography^ 
edited  by  Dr.  Redfobd,  will  be  a  popu- 
lar work.  For  the  long  period  of  sixty 
years  he  was  Pastor  of  an  Lidependent 
Church  at  Bath,  and,  during  that  time,  he 
was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  preach- 
ers and  writers  of  his  age.  Among  hb 
constant  listeners  were  many  of  the  most 
distinguished  statesmen  and  literary  men 
of  Great  Britain,  who  were  also  num- 
bered among  his  private  friends,  '*  Ho 
was  no  ordinary  man,"  says  a  critic,  "  who 
could  attract  to  his  ministry  learning 
and  genius,  rank  and  wealth,  as  well  as 
worth  and  piety."  John  Foster  said  of 
him.  that  he  was  "  the  prince  of  preach- 
ers." Wilberforce  delighted  in  his  so- 
ciety, and  alFectionatcly  sijoke  of  him  as 
*^  dear  Jay."  Even  those  who  made  no 
profession  of  deep  religious  feeling  were 
constrained  to  do  homage  to  the  earnest- 
ness and  devotedness  of  the  minister  of 
Arp'll  Chapel.  Beckford,  the  author  of 
"  Vathek,"  said  ho  was  "one  of  the  finest 
preachers  ho  had  ever  heard,"  and  com- 
pared his  mind  to  a  ^*  clear  transparent 
spring,  flowing  so  freely  as  to  impress 
the  idea  of  its  being  inexhaustible."  Yet 
there  was  nothing  brilliant  in  his  rheto- 
ric, or  striking  in  his  oratory.  The 
charm  and  power  of  his  preaching  lay  in 
the  plain,  sensible,  and  earnest  statement 
and  enforcement  of  sacred  truths,  which 
the  speaker  deeply  felt  and  strove  to  im- 
press on  his  hearers.  In  his  pulpit  mi- 
nistrations, as  in  his  publii<hed  works,  an 
easy  naturalness  was  the  chief  character- 
istic of  his  style.  And  great  was  the 
divine  blessing  which  accompanied  his 
abundant  and  single-hearted  labors.  Mul- 
titudes have  ascribed  to  his  instrument- 
ality the  origin  of  their  religious  im- 
pressions, and  their  growth  in  piety  and 
virtue.  It  was  well  that  the  work  of 
such  a  man  should  not  pass  away  unre- 
corded, and  that  a  memoir  should  appear 
for  the  purpose  of  perpetuatiirg  the  me- 
mory of  so  much  excellence,  usefulness, 
and  wisdom.  In  the  course  of  his  remi- 
niscences, Mr.  Jay  makes  many  interest- 
ing allusions  to  the  eminent  men  with 
whom  he  came  in  contact,  especially  to 
John  Wedey,  Robert  Hall,  and  WilUam 
WUberforoe. 


k